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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20Trouble%20%28FIRST%29
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Double Trouble was the 1999 game for the FIRST Robotics Competition, and the first game to feature alliances.
Field
The playing field is a carpeted, rectangular area. Alliances score points by positioning "floppies," their robots, and a "puck" on the playing field. "Floppies" are light-weight, pillow-like objects with Velcro-loop material located in its centre and around its perimeter. The "puck" is a short, octagonal platform that rolls freely on castor wheels. Around the perimeter of the field are four stations for human players, who may throw floppies to each other or onto the playing field. Two additional areas around the field are for the human players who control the robots. At the start of each match, each human player station contains three of the alliance's floppies. Four floppies per alliance are located on the playing field. The floppies are color-coded to identify alliance ownership.
Robots
Each robot can weigh up to , and must start each match small enough to fit inside a 30" x 36" x 48" space. The robots are powered by two Skil 12 volt rechargeable batteries and use motors from Skil, Delco, Fischer-Price, and Delphi Interior and Lighting, speed controllers from Tekin, pumps from McCord Winn Textron, air cylinders and valves from Numatics, Inc., and a programmable control system supplied by FIRST. Drivers use joysticks from CH Products and switches from Honeywell to remotely control the robots via a radio link which uses RNet wireless modems from Motorola.
Sco
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-Opertition%20FIRST
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Co-Opertition FIRST was the 2000 game for the FIRST Robotics Competition.
Field
The playing field was a carpeted, rectangular area with two high goals located midfield, one goal for each alliance. There is a clearance bar under each goal. Between the goals is an wide ramp with a clearance bar, which robots may hang on to score points. Around the perimeter of the field are four stations for human players, who work with remote controlled robots on the field to score points. At the start of each match, each alliance station contains seven yellow balls and one black ball. Fifteen yellow balls and two black balls are located at the far end of the playing field.
Robots
Each robot can weigh up to , and must start each match small enough to fit inside a 30" x 36" x 5' space. The robots are powered by a sealed lead-acid battery from Yuasa Exide, Inc. and use motors from S-B Power Tool Company, ITT Automotive, Keyang, Globe Motor, and Delphi Interior and Lighting. They also use speed controllers and a programmable control system supplied by FIRST. Drivers use joysticks from CH Products and switches from Honeywell to remotely control the robots via a radio link which uses RNet wireless modems from Motorola.
Scoring
Each match is two minutes long. Alliances receive one point for each yellow ball and five points for each black ball in their goal, and not in contact with their robot. Robots that are completely on the ramp each earn five points for their alliance. A robot hanging fro
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabolical%20Dynamics
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Diabolical Dynamics was the 2001 game for the FIRST Robotics Competition.
Field
The playing field is a carpeted, rectangular area. Dividing the field in half is an high railing with a central bridge, which can tilt to either side of the field or remain level. Two high movable goals begin on opposite sides of the field. Around the perimeter of the field are two stations for human players, who work with remote controlled robots on the field to score points. At the start of each match, the alliance station contains twenty small balls. An additional twenty small balls and four large balls are located at the far end of the playing field.
Robots
Each robot can weigh up to , and must start each match small enough to fit inside a 30" x 36" x 5' space (0.76 m x 0.91 m x 1.52 m).
Scoring
Each match is a maximum of two minutes long. Alliances can end the match at any time. Alliances score one point for each small ball in the goal, ten points for each large ball in the goal, ten points for each robot in the End Zone, and ten points if the stretcher is in the End Zone. The alliance doubles its score for each goal that is on the bridge if the bridge is balanced, and multiplies its score by a factor of up to three by ending the match before the two-minute time limit. Each team receives the alliance score. A team multiplies its score by 1.1 if its large ball is on top of a goal. Scores are rounded up to the nearest whole point after applying all multipliers.
Reception
While most par
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinker%20paradox
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The drinker paradox (also known as the drinker's theorem, the drinker's principle, or the drinking principle) is a theorem of classical predicate logic that can be stated as "There is someone in the pub such that, if he or she is drinking, then everyone in the pub is drinking." It was popularised by the mathematical logician Raymond Smullyan, who called it the "drinking principle" in his 1978 book What Is the Name of this Book?
The apparently paradoxical nature of the statement comes from the way it is usually stated in natural language. It seems counterintuitive both that there could be a person who is causing the others to drink, or that there could be a person such that all through the night that one person were always the last to drink. The first objection comes from confusing formal "if then" statements with causation (see Correlation does not imply causation or Relevance logic for logics that demand relevant relationships between premise and consequent, unlike classical logic assumed here). The formal statement of the theorem is timeless, eliminating the second objection because the person the statement holds true for at one instant is not necessarily the same person it holds true for at any other instant.
The formal statement of the theorem is
where D is an arbitrary predicate and P is an arbitrary nonempty set.
Proofs
The proof begins by recognizing it is true that either everyone in the pub is drinking, or at least one person in the pub is not drinking. Conseque
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF%20Micro%20Devices
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RF Micro Devices (also known as RFMD or RF Micro), was an American company that designed and manufactured high-performance radio frequency systems and solutions for applications that drive wireless and broadband communications. Headquartered in Greensboro, North Carolina, RFMD traded on the NASDAQ under the symbol RFMD. The Company was founded in Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1991. RF Micro had 3500 employees, 1500 of them in Guilford County, North Carolina.
The company's products, predominantly radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and packaged modules that utilize them, were used in cellular networks and mobile phones, for wireless connectivity such as wireless LAN, GPS and Bluetooth, in cable modems and cable TV infrastructure, and for other applications including military radar. The most important applications in terms of sales were GaAs-based power amplifiers and antenna control solutions used in mobile phones (including smartphones), WiFi RF front-ends and components used in wireless infrastructure equipment.
The company announced in February 2014 that it would merge with TriQuint Semiconductor. On January 2, 2015, RFMD and Triquint jointly announced that they had completed their merger of equals to form Qorvo (), and that Qorvo would start trading on the NASDAQ Global Stock Market starting from that day.
Corporate history
Early history
The company was founded in 1991 in Greensboro, North Carolina by William J. Pratt, Powell T. Seymour and Jerry D. Neal, al
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSCT
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HSCT can refer to:
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, a medical procedure involving transplantation of bone marrow or other blood-forming cells
High Speed Civil Transport, a NASA project to develop a supersonic passenger aircraft
High School Competency Test, a standardized test previously used by high schools in Florida
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haze%20%28disambiguation%29
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Haze is an atmospheric phenomenon.
Haze may refer to:
Haze machine, device used in the entertainment industry to simulate the atmospheric phenomenon
Turbidity, the cloudiness of a fluid or transparent solids, such as glass or plastic, as measured by the percentage of light that is deflected or attenuated
Haze (optics), the scattering of light out of the regular direction during reflection or transmission
Corneal opacification, central corneal opacification is a diagnostic "danger sign" in red eye (medicine)
Hazing, a practice of harassment and initiation
Hazing, to use voice, body and hand movements to scare away a wild animal
Haze may also refer to:
In film
Haze (2005 film), a 2005 Japanese thriller film written and directed by Shinya Tsukamoto
Haze (2010 film), a 2010 Turkish film
In gaming
Haze (video game), PlayStation 3 video game developed by Free Radical Design
In music
Haze (band), progressive rock band
"Haze" (song), song by nu-metal band Korn for the video game, Haze
”Haze” song by 5 Seconds Of Summer from 5SOS5
In literature
Dolores Haze, the character after whose nickname Vladimir Nabokov's novel Lolita is named
People
Surname
Eric Haze, graffiti artist and designer
Jenna Haze, American pornographic actress
Jonathan Haze, American actor
John Haze, also known as Doktor Haze, English circus owner and performer
Stage names
Angel Haze, stage name of Raykeea Wilson, an American rapper
Haze, stage name of Malaysian singer Harikrish Menon
Oth
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon%20Optix
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Silicon Optix Inc was a privately held fabless semiconductor company that designed and manufactured video/image digital processing integrated circuits. Originally a division of Genesis Microchip, Silicon Optix was spun off in 2000 by Paul Russo, the CEO of Genesis Microchip at the time. Silicon Optix acquired Teranex and its patents on the GAPP, which it incorporated into some of their products.
In June 2008, Flexible Picture Systems (FPS) acquired the box systems business from Silicon Optix, and became the exclusive manufacturer and source for the Image AnyPlace video/graphics scaler with Geometry Correction and Edge Blending. Since 2008, Flexible Picture Systems has continued to develop products based on Silicon Optix video processing technology, and introduced the Image AnyPlace-200 in 2009, and OmniScale-200 in 2010.
In October 2008, IDT acquired video processing technology and related assets from Silicon Optix. IDT retains the Silicon Optix REON technology.
In May 2009, Paul Russo's new company GEO Semiconductor Inc acquired the REALTA and GEO technologies of Silicon Optix.
In June 2009, Jupiter Systems acquired the Teranex division (based in Orlando) of Silicon Optix.
References
External links
Silicon Optix Homepage
Teranex
Integrated Device Technology
Flexible Picture Systems
Multinational companies
Technology companies established in 2000
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metatheorem
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In logic, a metatheorem is a statement about a formal system proven in a metalanguage. Unlike theorems proved within a given formal system, a metatheorem is proved within a metatheory, and may reference concepts that are present in the metatheory but not the object theory.
A formal system is determined by a formal language and a deductive system (axioms and rules of inference). The formal system can be used to prove particular sentences of the formal language with that system. Metatheorems, however, are proved externally to the system in question, in its metatheory. Common metatheories used in logic are set theory (especially in model theory) and primitive recursive arithmetic (especially in proof theory). Rather than demonstrating particular sentences to be provable, metatheorems may show that each of a broad class of sentences can be proved, or show that certain sentences cannot be proved.
Examples
Examples of metatheorems include:
The deduction theorem for first-order logic says that a sentence of the form φ→ψ is provable from a set of axioms A if and only if the sentence ψ is provable from the system whose axioms consist of φ and all the axioms of A.
The class existence theorem of von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel set theory states that for every formula whose quantifiers range only over sets, there is a class consisting of the sets satisfying the formula.
Consistency proofs of systems such as Peano arithmetic.
See also
Metamathematics
Use–mention distinction
References
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weber%27s%20theorem%20%28Algebraic%20curves%29
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In mathematics, Weber's theorem, named after Heinrich Martin Weber, is a result on algebraic curves. It states the following.
Consider two non-singular curves C and having the same genus g > 1. If there is a rational correspondence φ between C and , then φ is a birational transformation.
References
Further reading
External links
Algebraic curves
Theorems in algebraic geometry
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamella%20%28cell%20biology%29
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A lamella (: lamellae) in biology refers to a thin layer, membrane or plate of tissue. This is a very broad definition, and can refer to many different structures. Any thin layer of organic tissue can be called a lamella and there is a wide array of functions an individual layer can serve. For example, an intercellular lipid lamella is formed when lamellar disks fuse to form a lamellar sheet. It is believed that these disks are formed from vesicles, giving the lamellar sheet a lipid bilayer that plays a role in water diffusion.
Another instance of cellular lamellae can be seen in chloroplasts. Thylakoid membranes are actually a system of lamellar membranes working together, and are differentiated into different lamellar domains. This lamellar system allows plants to convert light energy into chemical energy. Chloroplasts are characterized by a system of membranes embedded in a hydrophobic proteinaceous matrix, or stroma. The basic unit of the membrane system is a flattened single vesicle called the thylakoid; thylakoids stack into grana. All the thylakoids of a granum are connected with each other, and the grana are connected by intergranal lamellae.
It is placed between the two primary cell walls of two plant cells and made up of intracellular matrix. The lamella comprises a mixture of polygalacturons (D-galacturonic acid) and neutral carbohydrates. It is soluble in the pectinase enzyme.
Lamella, in cell biology, is also used to describe the leading edge of a motile cell
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunocytochemistry
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Immunocytochemistry (ICC) is a common laboratory technique that is used to anatomically visualize the localization of a specific protein or antigen in cells by use of a specific primary antibody that binds to it. The primary antibody allows visualization of the protein under a fluorescence microscope when it is bound by a secondary antibody that has a conjugated fluorophore. ICC allows researchers to evaluate whether or not cells in a particular sample express the antigen in question. In cases where an immunopositive signal is found, ICC also allows researchers to determine which sub-cellular compartments are expressing the antigen.
Immunocytochemistry vs. immunohistochemistry
Immunocytochemistry differs from immunohistochemistry in that the former is performed on samples of intact cells that have had most, if not all, of their surrounding extracellular matrix removed. This includes individual cells that have been isolated from a block of solid tissue, cells grown within a culture, cells deposited from suspension, or cells taken from a smear. In contrast, immunohistochemical samples are sections of biological tissue, where each cell is surrounded by tissue architecture and other cells normally found in the intact tissue.
Immunocytochemistry is a technique used to assess the presence of a specific protein or antigen in cells (cultured cells, cell suspensions) by use of a specific antibody, which binds to it, thereby allowing visualization and examination under a microscope. I
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman%20Myers
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Norman Myers (24 August 1934 – 20 October 2019) was a British environmentalist specialising in biodiversity and also noted for his work on environmental refugees.
Biography
Myers was born in Whitewell (Lancashire, then Yorkshire) and was raised until the age of 11 on the family farm, without electricity, gas or an internal toilet. He lived in Kenya for over 30 years and later settled in Headington, Oxford, England. He attended grammar school and then the University of Oxford (BA French and German, Keble College 1958, MA 1963) and became a District Officer in the last few years of the Kenya Administration from 1958 to 1961. He then worked as a high school teacher in Nairobi from 1961 to 1966 and a freelance writer and broadcaster until 1969. In 1972, after PhD studies at the University of California, Berkeley (graduated 1973) he became a consultant for the UN, the World Bank and other organisations, remaining in Kenya until the early 1980s. He and Dorothy have a daughter, retired marathon runner Mara Yamauchi, who they raised in Kenya until the age of 8.
He died in Oxford on 20 October 2019 after a long illness.
Career
Myers was an advisor to organisations including the United Nations, the World Bank, scientific academies in several countries, and various government administrations worldwide. He was an Honorary Visiting Fellow at Green College, Oxford University, and an adjunct professor at Duke University and the University of Vermont. Other vising academic appointments
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%26T
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C&T may refer to:
Catskill and Tannersville Railway, a former railway in New York state
Chips and Technologies, a fabless semiconductor company
Common-Civil-Calendar-and-Time, a proposal for calendar reform
C&T Publishing
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectre%20%281991%20video%20game%29
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Spectre is a video game for the Macintosh, developed in 1990 by Peninsula Gameworks and published in 1991 by Velocity Development. It is a 3D vector graphics tank battle reminiscent of the arcade game Battlezone. One sequel, Spectre VR, appeared on a number of lists of best video games.
Gameplay
The goal of the game is to drive the tank around the playfield, collecting ten flags by driving over them, while avoiding obstacles (including rotating windmills) and the shots of computer-generated enemy tanks.
In single player mode, the player can choose four types of tanks, each one having different stats for shields, speed and ammo: Balance, Speedy, Strong and Custom. Each stage passed increases the game's difficulty (quantity and speed of enemy tanks). Furthermore, from level 6 appear orange cone-shaped tanks (which are faster and more resistant than normal enemy red tanks) and every 10 levels the shields of all enemy tanks are increased by 1. After level 9 is passed, the player can throw grenades, which cost 10 ammo and damage all enemy tanks in explosive range.
The game supported multiplayer operation over an AppleTalk network. Each player used a single Mac, and the other players were depicted as enemy tanks.
Reception
Spectre was reviewed in 1992 in Dragon #184 by Hartley, Patricia, and Kirk Lesser in "The Role of Computers" column. The reviewers gave the game 5 out of 5 stars. It was nominated for an award at the 1993 Game Developers Conference.
Computer Gaming World
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Riggs%20%28geneticist%29
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Arthur Dale Riggs (August 8, 1939 – March 23, 2022) was an American geneticist who worked with Genentech to express the first artificial gene in bacteria. His work was critical to the modern biotechnology industry because it was the first use of molecular techniques in commercial production of drugs and enabled the large-scale manufacturing of protein drugs, including insulin.
He was also a major factor in the origin of epigenetics.
Riggs was a professor of biology and, in 2014, founding director of the Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope National Medical Center. He was the founding dean of City of Hope's graduate school, the Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences. He was also director emeritus of the Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope National Medical Center, which he headed from 2000 to 2007. Riggs served on the board of trustees at the Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences. In 2006, Riggs was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.
Early life and education
Riggs was born in Modesto, California, near his family's home in Ceres, California, on August 8, 1939. After the family lost their farm during the Great Depression, they moved to San Bernardino, California, where Riggs attended San Bernardino High School. He helped his father, who managed a trailer park, to build and fix things. His mother, a nurse, gave him a chemistry set to encourage his interest in chemistry and biology.
Riggs earned his undergrad
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otolithic%20membrane
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The otolithic membrane is a fibrous structure located in the vestibular system of the inner ear. It plays a critical role in the brain's interpretation of equilibrium. The membrane serves to determine if the body or the head is tilted, in addition to the linear acceleration of the body. The linear acceleration could be in the horizontal direction as in a moving car or vertical acceleration such as that felt when an elevator moves up or down.
Structure
The otolithic membrane is part of the otolith organs in the vestibular system. The otolith organs include the utricle and the saccule. The otolith organs are beds of sensory cells in the inner ear, specifically small patches of hair cells. Overlying the hair cells and their hair bundles is a gelatinous layer and above that layer is the otolithic membrane. The utricle serves to measure horizontal accelerations and the saccule responds to vertical accelerations. The reason for this difference is the orientation of the macula in the two organs. The utricular macula lie horizontal in the utricle, while the saccular macula lies vertical in the saccule. Every hair cell in these sensory beds consist of 40-70 stereocilia and a kinocilium. The stereocilia and kinocilium are embedded in the otolithic membrane and are essential in the function of the otolith organs. The hair cells are deflected by structures called otoconia.
Otoconia
Otoconia are crystals of calcium carbonate and make the otolithic membrane heavier than the structures
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDZ%20domain
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The PDZ domain is a common structural domain of 80-90 amino-acids found in the signaling proteins of bacteria, yeast, plants, viruses and animals. Proteins containing PDZ domains play a key role in anchoring receptor proteins in the membrane to cytoskeletal components. Proteins with these domains help hold together and organize signaling complexes at cellular membranes. These domains play a key role in the formation and function of signal transduction complexes. PDZ domains also play a highly significant role in the anchoring of cell surface receptors (such as Cftr and FZD7) to the actin cytoskeleton via mediators like NHERF and ezrin.
PDZ is an initialism combining the first letters of the first three proteins discovered to share the domain — post synaptic density protein (PSD95), Drosophila disc large tumor suppressor (Dlg1), and zonula occludens-1 protein (zo-1). PDZ domains have previously been referred to as DHR (Dlg homologous region) or GLGF (glycine-leucine-glycine-phenylalanine) domains.
In general PDZ domains bind to a short region of the C-terminus of other specific proteins. These short regions bind to the PDZ domain by beta sheet augmentation. This means that the beta sheet in the PDZ domain is extended by the addition of a further beta strand from the tail of the binding partner protein. The C-terminal carboxylate group is bound by a nest (protein structural motif) in the PDZ domain, i.e. a PDZ-binding motif.
Origins of discovery
PDZ is an acronym derived f
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockin%20effect
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In superconductivity, the Lockin effect refers to the preference of vortex phases to be positioned at certain points within cells of a crystal lattice of an organic superconductor.
References
Studies of the Vortex Phases in an Organic Superconductor
Superconductivity
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food%20biodiversity
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Food biodiversity is defined as "the diversity of plants, animals and other organisms used for food, covering the genetic resources within species, between species and provided by ecosystems."
Food biodiversity can be considered from two main perspectives: production and consumption. From a consumption perspective, food biodiversity describes the diversity of foods in human diets and their contribution to dietary diversity, cultural identity and good nutrition. Production of food biodiversity looks at the thousands of food products, such as fruits, nuts, vegetables, meat and condiments sourced from agriculture and from the wild (e.g. forests, uncultivated fields, water bodies). Food biodiversity covers the diversity between species, for example different animal and crop species, including those considered neglected and underutilized species. Food biodiversity also comprises the diversity within species, for example different varieties of fruit and vegetables, or different breeds of animals.
Food diversity, diet diversity nutritional diversity, are also terms used in the new diet culture spawned by Brandon Eisler, in the study known as Nutritional Diversity.
Consumption of food biodiversity
Food biodiversity, nutrition, and health
Promoting diversity of foods and species consumed in human diets in particular has potential co-benefits for public health as well as sustainable food systems perspective.
Food biodiversity provides necessary nutrients for quality diets and
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium%20tungstate
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Cadmium tungstate (CdWO4 or CWO), the cadmium salt of tungstic acid, is a dense, chemically inert solid which is used as a scintillation crystal to detect gamma rays. It has density of 7.9 g/cm3 and melting point of 1325 °C. It is toxic if inhaled or swallowed. Its crystals are transparent, colorless, with slight yellow tint. It is odorless. Its CAS number is . It is not hygroscopic.
The crystal is transparent and emits light when it is hit by gamma rays and x-rays, making it useful as a detector of ionizing radiation. Its peak scintillation wavelength is 480 nm (with emission range between 380 and 660 nm), and efficiency of 13000 photons/MeV. It has a relatively high light yield, its light output is about 40% of NaI(Tl), but the time of scintillation is quite long (12−15 μs). It is often used in computed tomography. Combining the scintillator crystal with externally applied piece of boron carbide allows construction of compact detectors of gamma rays and neutron radiation.
Cadmium tungstate was used as a replacement of calcium tungstate in some fluoroscopes since the 1940s. Very high radiopurity allows use of this scintillator as a detector of rare nuclear processes (double beta decay, other rare alpha and beta decays) in low-background applications. For example, the first indication of the natural alpha activity of tungsten (alpha decay of 180W) was found in 2003 with CWO detectors. Due to different time of light emission for different types of ionizing particles, the alp
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Day%20for%20Biological%20Diversity
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The International Day for Biological Diversity (or World Biodiversity Day) is a United Nations–sanctioned international day for the promotion of biodiversity issues. It is currently held on May 22.
The International Day for Biological Diversity falls within the scope of the UN Post-2015 Development Agenda's Sustainable Development Goals. In this larger initiative of international cooperation, the topic of biodiversity concerns stakeholders in sustainable agriculture; desertification, land degradation and drought; water and sanitation; health and sustainable development; energy; science, technology and innovation, knowledge-sharing and capacity-building; urban resilience and adaptation; sustainable transport; climate change and disaster risk reduction; oceans and seas; forests; vulnerable groups including indigenous peoples; and food security. The critical role of biodiversity in sustainable development was recognized in a Rio+20 outcome document, "The World We Want: A Future for All".
From its creation by the Second Committee of the UN General Assembly in 1993 until 2000, it was held on December 29 to celebrate the day the Convention on Biological Diversity went into effect. On December 20, 2000, the date was shifted to commemorate the adoption of the Convention on May 22, 1992, at the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, and partly to avoid the many other holidays that occur in late December.
Theme
See also
United Nations Decade on Biodiversity (2011–2020)
International Year
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence%20G.%20Sager
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Lawrence Gene Sager (born 1941) is a former dean of the University of Texas School of Law. He holds the Alice Jane Drysdale Sheffield Regents Chair. Sager, who joined the Law School faculty in 2002, is the 13th dean in the Law School's 123-year history. He is best known for his theory of underenforcement.
Sager graduated from Pomona College in 1963 and from the Columbia Law School in 1966. He taught for more than 25 years at New York University School of Law, where he was instrumental in transforming the NYU faculty into one of the best in the nation. At Texas, he has also been deeply involved with the Law School's successful faculty recruitment efforts, which include luring corporate law expert Bernard Black from Stanford Law School in 2004 and health law scholar William Sage from Columbia Law School in 2006. He served as chair of the Law School's Appointments Committee during the 2005–06 academic years. Sager has also taught as a visiting professor at Harvard Law School, Princeton University, Boston University School of Law, UCLA School of Law, and University of Michigan Law School.
Sager is the author of two books: Justice in Plainclothes: A Theory of American Constitutional Practice (Yale University Press, 2004) and, with Christopher Eisgruber, Religious Freedom and the Constitution (Harvard University Press, 2007).
Controversy
Sager rose to prominence as a legal scholar while teaching at the New York University (NYU) School of Law. Along with NYU's John Sexton, S
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbit%20Test
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Rabbit Test may refer to:
Rabbit test, a pregnancy test
"Rabbit Test" (Ugly Betty), a 2009 television episode starring America Ferrera
Rabbit Test (film), a 1978 movie starring Billy Crystal
"Rabbit Test", a short story by Samantha Mills which won the Nebula Award for Best Short Story of 2022
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goursat%27s%20lemma
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Goursat's lemma, named after the French mathematician Édouard Goursat, is an algebraic theorem about subgroups of the direct product of two groups.
It can be stated more generally in a Goursat variety (and consequently it also holds in any Maltsev variety), from which one recovers a more general version of Zassenhaus' butterfly lemma. In this form, Goursat's theorem also implies the snake lemma.
Groups
Goursat's lemma for groups can be stated as follows.
Let , be groups, and let be a subgroup of such that the two projections and are surjective (i.e., is a subdirect product of and ). Let be the kernel of and the kernel of . One can identify as a normal subgroup of , and as a normal subgroup of . Then the image of in is the graph of an isomorphism . One then obtains a bijection between :
Subgroups of which project onto both factors,
Triples with normal in , normal in and isomorphism of onto .
An immediate consequence of this is that the subdirect product of two groups can be described as a fiber product and vice versa.
Notice that if is any subgroup of (the projections and need not be surjective), then the projections from onto and are surjective. Then one can apply Goursat's lemma to .
To motivate the proof, consider the slice in , for any arbitrary . By the surjectivity of the projection map to , this has a non trivial intersection with . Then essentially, this intersection represents exactly one particular coset of . Indeed, if we have
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L39
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L39 or L-39 may refer to:
60S ribosomal protein L39
Aero L-39 Albatros, a Czechoslovak jet trainer
Bell L-39, an American experimental aircraft
, a destroyer of the Royal Navy
, a sloop of the Royal Navy
Lahti L-39, an anti-tank rifle
Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L39
Ramona Airport, in San Diego County, California
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urocortin
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Urocortin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UCN gene. Urocortin belongs to the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of proteins which includes CRF, urotensin I, sauvagine, urocortin II and urocortin III. Urocortin is involved in the mammalian stress response, and regulates aspects of appetite and stress response.
Structure, localization, and interactions
Urocortin is a peptide composed of 40 amino acids. Urocortin is composed of a single alpha helix structure. The human UCN gene contains two exons, and the entirety of the coding region is contained within the second exon. Urocortin is expressed widely in the central and peripheral nervous systems, with a pattern similar to that of CRF. Areas of similarity between urocortin and CRF expression include the supraoptic nucleus and the hippocampus. Urocortin is also expressed in areas distinct from CRF expression; these areas notably include the median eminence, the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, and the sphenoid nucleus. Additionally, Urocortin is expressed in peripheral tissues such as the heart.
Urocortin is known to interact both with the CRF type 1 and CRF type 2 receptors. Furthermore, Urocortin is thought to be the primary ligand for the CRF type 2 receptor, as it has higher binding affinity for the CRF type 2 receptor than CRF. Additionally, urocortin interacts with CRF Binding Protein in the mammalian brain.
Stress response and social behavior
Urocortin is closely related to CRF, which mediates the mamma
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kojic%20acid
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Kojic acid is an organic compound with the formula . It is a derivative of 4-pyrone that functions in nature as a chelation agent produced by several species of fungi, especially Aspergillus oryzae, which has the Japanese common name koji. Kojic acid is a by-product in the fermentation process of malting rice, for use in the manufacturing of sake, the Japanese rice wine. It is a mild inhibitor of the formation of pigment in plant and animal tissues, and is used in food and cosmetics to preserve or change colors of substances. It forms a bright red complex with ferric ions.
Biosynthesis
13C-Labeling studies have revealed at least two pathways to kojic acid. In the usual route, dehydratase enzymes convert glucose to kojic acid. Pentoses are also viable precursors in which case dihydroxyacetone is invoked as an intermediate.
Applications
Kojic acid may be used on cut fruits to prevent oxidative browning, in seafood to preserve pink and red colors, and in cosmetics to lighten skin. As an example of the latter, it is used to treat skin diseases like melasma. Kojic acid also has antibacterial and antifungal properties.
The cocrystals of kojic acid with quercetin were found to have two times better cytotoxic activity to human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and human colon cancer cells (Caco-2) in comparison with quercetin itself.
Other effects
Kojic acid has been shown to protect Chinese hamster ovary cells against ionizing radiation-induced damage. When exposed to a lethal dos
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conduritol
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Conduritol or 1,2,3,4-cyclohexenetetrol is any of the organic compounds with chemical formula C6H10O4, that can be seen as derivatives of cyclohexene with four hydroxyl groups (OH) replacing hydrogen atoms on the four carbon atoms not adjacent to the double bond. They are therefore cyclic polyols or cyclitols.
The compounds in this group exhibit cis–trans isomerism, with six isomers that differ by the relative positions of the hydroxyls compared to the mean plane of the ring. In addition, some of these can exist as two distinct enantiomers.
Only the A and B isomers have been found in nature. The first conduritol was isolated in 1908 by K. Kübler from the bark of the vine Marsdenia cundurango, hence its name. A number of conduritol derivatives has antifeedant, antibiotic, tumour-inhibitory, antileukemic, and growth-regulating activity.
See also
Inositol
References
Cyclitols
Cyclohexenes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20Choice%20and%20Individual%20Values
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Kenneth Arrow's monograph Social Choice and Individual Values (1951, 2nd ed., 1963, 3rd ed., 2012) and a theorem within it created modern social choice theory, a rigorous melding of social ethics and voting theory with an economic flavor. Somewhat formally, the "social choice" in the title refers to Arrow's representation of how social values from the set of individual orderings would be implemented under the constitution. Less formally, each social choice corresponds to the feasible set of laws passed by a "vote" (the set of orderings) under the constitution even if not every individual voted in favor of all the laws.
The work culminated in what Arrow called the "General Possibility Theorem," better known thereafter as Arrow's (impossibility) theorem. The theorem states that, absent restrictions on either individual preferences or neutrality of the constitution to feasible alternatives, there exists no social choice rule that satisfies a set of plausible requirements. The result generalizes the voting paradox, which shows that majority voting may fail to yield a stable outcome.
Introduction
The Introduction contrasts voting and markets with dictatorship and social convention (such as those in a religious code). Both exemplify social decisions. Voting and markets facilitate social choice in a sense, whereas dictatorship and convention limit it. The former amalgamate possibly differing tastes to make a social choice. The concern is with formal aspects of generalizin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constraint%20algebra
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In theoretical physics, a constraint algebra is a linear space of all constraints and all of their polynomial functions or functionals whose action on the physical vectors of the Hilbert space should be equal to zero.
For example, in electromagnetism, the equation for the Gauss' law
is an equation of motion that does not include any time derivatives. This is why it is counted as a constraint, not a dynamical equation of motion. In quantum electrodynamics, one first constructs a Hilbert space in which Gauss' law does not hold automatically. The true Hilbert space of physical states is constructed as a subspace of the original Hilbert space of vectors that satisfy
In more general theories, the constraint algebra may be a noncommutative algebra.
See also
First class constraints
References
Quantum mechanics
Quantum field theory
String theory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil%20quality
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Soil quality refers to the condition of soil based on its capacity to perform ecosystem services that meet the needs of human and non-human life.
Soil quality reflects how well a soil performs the functions of maintaining biodiversity and productivity, partitioning water and solute flow, filtering and buffering, nutrient cycling, and providing support for plants and other structures. Soil management has a major impact on soil quality.
Soil quality relates to soil functions. Unlike water or air, for which established standards have been set, soil quality is difficult to define or quantify.
Indicators of soil quality
Soil quality can be evaluated using the Soil Management Assessment Framework. Soil quality in agricultural terms is measured on a scale of soil value (Bodenwertzahl) in Germany.
Soil quality is primarily measured by chemical, physical, and biological indicators because soil function cannot easily be measured directly. Each of these categories comprises several indicators that provide insight into overall soil quality.
Physical
The physical category of soil quality indicators consists of tests that measure soil texture, bulk density, porosity, water content at saturation, aggregate stability, penetration resistance, and more. These measures provide hydrological information, such the level of water infiltration and water availability to plants.
Chemical
Chemical indicators include pH and nutrient levels. A typical soil test only evaluates chemical soil prop
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevzi%20Davletov
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Fevzi Davletov (born 20 September 1972) is a retired Uzbekistan International football defender.
Career statistics
International
Scores and results list Uzbekistan's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Davletov goal.
References
External links
Bio at playerhistory.com
Profile at KLISF
1972 births
Living people
Footballers from Tashkent
Soviet men's footballers
Uzbekistani men's footballers
Uzbekistani expatriate men's footballers
Uzbekistan men's international footballers
1996 AFC Asian Cup players
2000 AFC Asian Cup players
FC Rubin Kazan players
FC Tobol players
navbahor Namangan players
FC Qizilqum Zarafshon players
FK Andijon players
Expatriate men's footballers in Kazakhstan
Uzbekistani expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Uzbekistani expatriate sportspeople in Russia
FC Irtysh Pavlodar players
FC Zhetysu players
FC Dustlik players
Men's association football defenders
Asian Games gold medalists for Uzbekistan
Asian Games medalists in football
Footballers at the 1994 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1994 Asian Games
FC Megasport players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UBB%2B1
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UBB+1 is shorthand for Ubiquitin-B+1, a frameshifted mutant arising from the Ubiquitin B gene. UBB+1 is thought to arise from molecular misreading, a poorly understood process. Molecular misreading introduces dinucleotide deletions (e.g. ΔGA, ΔGU) into mRNA transcripts. These deletions are not present in genomic DNA. UBB+1 has been observed in the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, as well as other tauopathies and in polyglutamine diseases (e.g. Huntington's disease) but not in synucleinopathies (e.g. Parkinson's disease). Since its discovery it has been shown in vitro and in vivo that UBB+1 inhibits the proteasome and gives rise to downstream effects (e.g. a behavioral phenotype; impaired contextual memory). In non-neuronal cells UBB+1 also accumulates suggesting a functional role in non-neuronal diseases. UBB+1 can be truncated by yeast's ubiquitin hydrolase 1 (YUH1) and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L3 UCHL3 even though the glycine at position 76 has been substituted for a tyrosine.
References
Genes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanhopea%20embreei
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Stanhopea embreei is a species of orchid.
The classification of this species was published by Calaway H. Dodson in Selbyana, 1: 128. 1975. The original isotype was collected by Dodson.
Distribution: Cañar (Ecuador, Western South America, Southern America).
The holotype is kept at Systematic Entomology Laboratory (SEL).
Etymology: This species is named for Alvin Embree, an American orchidologist.
Molecular analysis by Whitten al. revealed the major chemical component of this species fragrance is trans-methyl cinnamate.
Closely related species are Stanhopea frymirei & Stanhopea jenischiana based on molecular data.
Gallery
References
Norris H. Williams & W. Mark Whitten, Molecular phylogeny and floral fragrances of male euglossine bee-pollinated orchids: A study of Stanhopea (Orchidaceae). Plant Species Biology (1999) 14, 129-136.
External links
embreei
Orchids of Ecuador
Cañar Province
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc%20phosphide
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Zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) is an inorganic chemical compound. It is a grey solid, although commercial samples are often dark or even black. It is used as a rodenticide. Zn3P2 is a II-V semiconductor with a direct band gap of 1.5 eV and may have applications in photovoltaic cells. A second compound exists in the zinc-phosphorus system, zinc diphosphide (ZnP2).
Synthesis and reactions
Zinc phosphide can be prepared by the reaction of zinc with phosphorus; however, for critical applications, additional processing to remove arsenic compounds may be needed.
6 Zn + P4 → 2 Zn3P2
Another method of preparation include reacting tri-n-octylphosphine with dimethylzinc.
Zinc phosphide reacts with water to produce phosphine (PH3) and zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH)2):
Zn3P2 + 6 H2O → 2 PH3 + 3 Zn(OH)2
Structure
Zn3P2 has a room-temperature tetragonal form that converts to a cubic form at around 845 °C. In the room-temperature form there are discrete P atoms, zinc atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated and phosphorus six coordinate, with zinc atoms at 6 of the vertices of a distorted cube.
The crystalline structure of zinc phosphide is very similar to that of cadmium arsenide (Cd3As2), zinc arsenide (Zn3As2) and cadmium phosphide (Cd3P2). These compounds of the Zn-Cd-P-As quaternary system exhibit full continuous solid-solution.
Applications
Photovoltaics
Zinc phosphide is an ideal candidate for thin film photovoltaic applications, for it has strong optical absorption and an almost i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYP1A1
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Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP1A1 gene. The protein is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes.
Function
Metabolism of xenobiotics and drugs
CYP1A1 is involved in phase I xenobiotic and drug metabolism (one substrate of it is theophylline). It is inhibited by hesperetin (a flavonoid found in lime, sweet orange), fluoroquinolones and macrolides and induced by aromatic hydrocarbons.
CYP1A1 is also known as AHH (aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase). It is involved in the metabolic activation of aromatic hydrocarbons (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAH), for example, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), by transforming it to an epoxide. In this reaction, the oxidation of benzo[a]pyrene is catalysed by CYP1A1 to form BaP-7,8-epoxide, which can be further oxidized by epoxide hydrolase (EH) to form BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol. Finally, CYP1A1 catalyses this intermediate to form BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide, which is a carcinogen.
However, an in vivo experiment with gene-deficient mice has found that the hydroxylation of benzo[a]pyrene by CYP1A1 can have an overall protective effect on the DNA, rather than contributing to potentially carcinogenic DNA modifications. This effect is likely due to the fact that CYP1A1 is highly active in the intestinal mucosa, and thus inhibits infiltration of ingested benzo[a]pyrene carcinogen into the systemic circulation.
CYP1A1 metabolism of various foreign agents to carcinogens h
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrosidase
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Sacrosidase (trade name Sucraid) is a medication used to replace sucrase in people lacking this enzyme. It is available as an oral solution. Sucraid is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the therapy of the genetically determined sucrase deficiency that is part of the Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency (CSID). Sacrosidase assists in the breakdown of sugar/sucrose into simpler forms and is useful for the relief of gastrointestinal symptoms that are associated with CSID.
References
External links
Sucraid Oral Solution helps relieve the gastrointestinal symptoms that are associated with CSID (Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltase deficiency).
EC 3.2.1
Orphan drugs
Enzymes of unknown structure
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split-step%20method
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In numerical analysis, the split-step (Fourier) method is a pseudo-spectral numerical method used to solve nonlinear partial differential equations like the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The name arises for two reasons. First, the method relies on computing the solution in small steps, and treating the linear and the nonlinear steps separately (see below). Second, it is necessary to Fourier transform back and forth because the linear step is made in the frequency domain while the nonlinear step is made in the time domain.
An example of usage of this method is in the field of light pulse propagation in optical fibers, where the interaction of linear and nonlinear mechanisms makes it difficult to find general analytical solutions. However, the split-step method provides a numerical solution to the problem. Another application of the split-step method that has been gaining a lot of traction since the 2010s is the simulation of Kerr frequency comb dynamics in optical microresonators. The relative ease of implementation of the Lugiato–Lefever equation with reasonable numerical cost, along with its success in reproducing experimental spectra as well as predicting soliton behavior in these microresonators has made the method very popular.
Description of the method
Consider, for example, the nonlinear Schrödinger equation
where describes the pulse envelope in time at the spatial position . The equation can be split into a linear part,
and a nonlinear part,
Both the linear an
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcrystalline
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A microcrystalline material is a crystallized substance or rock that contains small crystals visible only through microscopic examination. There is little agreement on the range of crystal sizes that should be regarded as microcrystalline, but the extreme range of values suggested is 1 to 200 microns.
See also
Macrocrystalline
Nanocrystalline silicon
Microcrystalline cellulose
Microcrystalline wax
Protocrystalline
Rock microstructure
References
Mineralogy concepts
Petrology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Canadian%20plants%20by%20genus
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Below is a list of Canadian plants by genus. Due to the vastness of Canada's biodiversity, this page is divided.
Many of the plants seen in Canada are introduced by either intentionally or accidentally. N indicated native and X indicated exotic. Those plants whose status is unknown are marked with a ?.
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I J K | L | M | N | O | P Q | R | S | T | U V W | X Y Z
Ab
Abies
N Abies amabilis – Pacific silver fir, amabilis fir
N Abies balsamea – balsam fir
N Abies grandis – grand fir
N Abies lasiocarpa – subalpine fir
Abutilon
X Abutilon theophrasti – velvetleaf, butterprint, Indian mallow
Ac
Acalypha
N Acalypha virginica – Virginia copperleaf, Virginia threeseed mercury
Acanthospermum
X Acanthospermum hispidum – hispid greenstripe
Acer
X Acer campestre – hedge maple, field maple
X Acer ginnala – Amur maple, ginnala maple
N Acer negundo – Manitoba maple, box-elder, ashleaf maple
N Acer nigrum – black maple, black sugar maple, rock maple
N Acer pensylvanicum – striped maple, moose maple, goosefoot maple
X Acer platanoides – Norway maple, Schwedler maple, crimson king maple
X Acer pseudoplatanus – sycamore maple, Scottish maple, great maple
N Acer rubrum – red maple, swamp maple, scarlet maple
N Acer saccharinum – silver maple, soft maple, white maple, silverleaf maple, river maple
N Acer saccharum – sugar maple, hard maple
N Acer spicatum – mountain maple
N Acer × freemanii (A. rubrum × A. saccharinum) – Freeman's maple
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert%20Smithson%20Adair
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Gilbert Smithson Adair FRS (1896–1979) was an early protein scientist who used osmotic pressure measurements to establish that haemoglobin was a tetramer under physiological conditions. This conclusion led him to be the first to identify cooperative binding, in the context of oxygen binding to haemoglobin.
Gilbert Smithson Adair was born on 21 September 1896 in Whitehaven, son of Harold and Anna Mary Adair (née Jackson), who were Quakers. Gilbert and his sister Anna were initially taught at home by a governess. Later, Gilbert was taught at the Quaker Bootham School, where he was a boarder. The family, meanwhile had moved to Egremont, where Harold Adair was managing director of Wyndham Mining Company Ltd. an iron ore mine.
Adair entered King's College, Cambridge from 1915 to 1917, gaining a first in Natural Sciences. He was soon employed by the Food Investigation Board, a wartime research group set up by the DSIR to determine how to prevent wastage of food, particularly fish, meat, fruits, etc. on cargo ships.
In 1920, he became a research student at King's College, and was made an official Fellow in 1928, granting him five years to devote to research. In 1931, he became assistant director of the Physiological Laboratory in Cambridge. He was a Reader in Biophysics from 1945 until his retirement in 1963. Adair was made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1939.
He married Muriel Elaine Robinson in Cambridge in 1931. Muriel had entered Girton College in 1918, and went on to obta
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichloroisocyanuric%20acid
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Trichloroisocyanuric acid is an organic compound with the formula (C3Cl3N3O3). It is used as an industrial disinfectant, bleaching agent and a reagent in organic synthesis. This white crystalline powder, which has a strong "chlorine odour," is sometimes sold in tablet or granule form for domestic and industrial use.
Synthesis
Trichloroisocyanuric acid is prepared from cyanuric acid via a reaction with chlorine gas and trisodium cyanurate.
Applications
The compound is a disinfectant, algicide and bactericide mainly for swimming pools and dyestuffs, and is also used as a bleaching agent in the textile industry. It is widely used in civil sanitation for pools and spas, preventing and curing diseases in animal husbandry and fisheries, fruit and vegetable preservation, wastewater treatment, as an algicide for recycled water in industry and air conditioning, in anti shrink treatment for woolens, for treating seeds and in organic chemical synthesis. It is used in chemical synthesis as an easy to store and transport chlorine gas source, it is not subject to hazardous gas shipping restrictions, and its reaction with hydrochloric acid produces relatively pure chlorine.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid as used in swimming pools is easier to handle than chlorine gas. It dissolves slowly in water, but as it reacts, cyanuric acid concentration in the pool will build-up.
See also
Comet (cleanser)
Dichloroisocyanuric acid (Dichlor)
Sodium dichloroisocyanurate
Chlorine
References
Exter
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Airport%20%28Minnesota%29
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Crystal Airport is a public airport named after the city of Crystal in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. Most of the airport is in the city of Crystal. Portions north of taxiway C (62nd Avenue) are in Brooklyn Park, and the north east corner of the airport is in Brooklyn Center. It is eight miles (13 km) northwest of the central business district of Minneapolis and is owned by the Metropolitan Airports Commission. The airport covers an area of approximately 430 acres.
It opened in 1946 as a privately owned, public use airport. In 1948 the Metropolitan Airports Commission purchased the airport. The Crystal Airport became the second airport acquired by MAC. Extensive construction actives began in 1950. Additional land purchases were made in 1951 and 1954. The additional 34 acres of land was purchased for runway expansion and noise relief.
Facilities and aircraft
Crystal Airport covers an area of which contains four runways:
Runway 14L/32R: 3,268 x 75 ft (995 x 23 m), surface: asphalt
Runway 14R/32L: 3,267 x 75 ft (995 x 23 m), surface: asphalt
Runway 6L/24R: 2,500 x 75 ft (762 x 23 m), surface: asphalt
Runway 6R/24L: 2,123 x 150 ft (647 x 46 m), surface: turf
The open area on the west side of the airport between Runways 24L and 32R is large enough to support blimp mooring.
For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2014, the airport had 42,351 aircraft operations, an average of 116 per day: 1% air taxi and 99% general aviation. In January 2017, there were
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake%20zones%20of%20India
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The Indian subcontinent has a history of devastating earthquakes. The major reason for the high frequency and intensity of the earthquakes is that the Indian plate is driving into Asia at a rate of approximately 47 mm/year. Geographical statistics of India show that almost 58% of the land is vulnerable to earthquakes. A World Bank and United Nations report shows estimates that around 200 million city dwellers in India will be exposed to storms and earthquakes by 2050. The latest version of seismic zoning map of India given in the earthquake resistant design code of India [IS 1893 (Part 1) 2002] assigns four levels of seismicity for India in terms of zone factors. In other words, the earthquake zoning map of India divides India into 4 seismic zones (Zone 2, 3, 4 and 5) unlike its previous version, which consisted of five or six zones for the country. According to the present zoning map, Zone 5 expects the highest level of seismicity whereas Zone 2 is associated with the lowest level of seismicity.
National Center for Seismology
The National Center for Seismology Ministry of Earth Sciences is a nodal agency of the Government of India dealing with various activities in the fields of seismology and allied disciplines. The major activities currently being pursued by the National Center for Seismology include a) earthquake monitoring on a 24/7 basis, including real time seismic monitoring for early warning of tsunamis, b) operation and maintenance of national seismological network
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Mkrtchyan
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Arthur Mkrtchyan (, born on 9 September 1973) is an Armenian football coach and a former defender. He was capped 25 times for the Armenia national team.
National team statistics
External links
1973 births
Living people
Footballers from Yerevan
Soviet men's footballers
Armenian men's footballers
Armenia men's international footballers
Armenian expatriate men's footballers
FC Pyunik players
FC Torpedo Moscow players
FC Torpedo-2 players
PFC Krylia Sovetov Samara players
FC Mika players
FC Darida Minsk Raion players
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Armenian Premier League players
Russian Premier League players
Expatriate men's footballers in Belarus
Armenian expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Armenian expatriate sportspeople in Belarus
Men's association football defenders
Soviet Armenians
Armenian football managers
Armenian expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bases%20on%20balls%20per%20nine%20innings%20pitched
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In baseball statistics, bases on balls per nine innings pitched (BB/9IP or BB/9) or walks per nine innings (denoted by W/9) is the average number of bases on balls, (or walks) given up by a pitcher per nine innings pitched. It is determined by multiplying the number of bases on balls allowed by nine, and dividing by the number of innings pitched. It is a measure of the bases on balls ability of a pitcher.
Leaders
All but one of the top 25 single-season leaders in BB/9IP through 2018 pitched in the period of 1876-84. George Zettlein was the all-time single-season leader (0.2308 in 1876), followed by Cherokee Fisher (0.2355 in 1876) and George Bradley (0.2755 in 1880). The highest single-season modern day baseball performance was by Carlos Silva (0.4301 in 2005).
The all-time career leaders in BB/9IP through 2022 were Candy Cummings (0.4731), Tommy Bond (0.4787), and Al Spalding (0.5114), all of whom played in the 1870s and 1880s.
The active career leaders in BB/9IP through 2022 were Corey Kluber (1.9683), Michael Pineda (1.9719), and Hyun Jin Ryu (1.9914).
References
Pitching statistics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFE
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FFE may refer to:
Fakes Forgeries Experts, a philatelic journal
Fast Field Echo in magnetic resonance imaging
Fédération Française des Éclaireuses
Feed-Forward Equalizer
FFE Transportation, an American transport company
Finished floor elevation
Fire For Effect, a military doctrine
Fire-From-Enclosure (FFE), M72A28 Light Anti-Tank (AT) Weapon (LAW) variant
First.Finger Entertainment, an American entertainment and media company
Ford Focus Electric
Foundation For Excellence, a non-profit organization which supports students in India
Foras Feasa ar Éirinn, a narrative history of Ireland by Geoffrey Keating
Free-Flow Electrophoresis
Station Code FFE for Fremantle railway station, in Australia
French Chess Federation (French: )
French Fencing Federation (French: )
Frontier: First Encounters, a video game
Fukuoka Futures Exchange in Japan
Furniture, Fixtures & Equipment (accounting)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Himalayan%20Times
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The Himalayan Times is an English-language broadsheet newspaper published and distributed daily in Nepal. Rajan Pokhrel is the acting editor. In the annual newspaper classification report published by Press Council Nepal, it was placed in the A+ category, the highest possible rank.
The newspaper was founded on 23 November 2001. It is based in Maharajgunj, Kathmandu. It is owned by International Media Network Nepal (Pvt) Ltd which in turn is owned by a Nepali investors. The paper's competitors tried to organise and lobby against the entry of foreign-owned newspaper in the country, but were not successful.
At the time of its founding, it published in 12 pages, six of them coloured, and was priced as Rs 2. Within a year, it had become one of the premier English language dailies in Nepal, and claimed to be number one in terms of readership.
References
External links
Daily newspapers published in Nepal
English-language newspapers published in Asia
Newspapers established in 2001
Online newspapers published in Nepal
2001 establishments in Nepal
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatine%20nerves
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The palatine nerves (descending branches) are distributed to the roof of the mouth, soft palate, tonsil, and lining membrane of the nasal cavity.
Most of their fibers are derived from the sphenopalatine branches of the maxillary nerve.
In older texts, they are usually categorized as three in number: anterior, middle, and posterior. (In newer texts, and in Terminologia anatomica, they are broken down into "greater palatine nerve" and "lesser palatine nerve".)
References
External links
Diagram at adi-visuals.com
Peripheral nervous system
Palate
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20communities%20in%20Manitoba%20by%20population
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Manitoba has 81 communities, excluding rural municipalities, that have a population of 1,000 or greater according to the 2021 Census of Canada conducted by Statistics Canada. These communities include cities, towns, villages, reserves inhabited by First Nations, a local government district that is urban in nature, designated places, and population centres. A population centre, according to Statistics Canada, is an area with a population of at least 1,000 and a density of 400 or more people per square kilometre.
List
See also
List of census agglomerations in Manitoba
List of communities in Manitoba
List of municipalities in Manitoba
List of population centres in Manitoba
Manitoba Geography
References
Communities
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Intellectual%20Property%20Law%20Association
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The American Intellectual Property Law Association (AIPLA), headquartered in Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia, is a U.S., voluntary bar association constituted primarily of lawyers in private and corporate practice, in government service, and in the academic community. AIPLA represents individuals, companies and institutions involved in the practice of patent, trademark, copyright, and unfair competition law, as well as other fields of law affecting intellectual property. Members represent both owners and users of intellectual property.
History
AIPLA was formed in 1897 as the American Patent Law Association. The name was formally changed in 1983 to AIPLA. The purpose of the organization, as set forth in the Articles of Incorporation, is “to maintain a high standard of professional ethics, to aid in the improvement in laws relating to intellectual property and in their proper interpretation by the courts, and to provide legal education to the public and to its members on intellectual property issues.”
Governance
AIPLA is governed by a board of directors and has a staff of 8, headed by an executive director. AIPLA has over 60 committees which provide education to members and formulate proposed positions for the Board of Directors to consider adopting as association policy.
Q. Todd Dickinson, formerly the Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office, was named Executive Director in 2008. Dickinson announc
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemonpeel%20angelfish
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The lemonpeel angelfish (Centropyge flavissima), also known as the yellow angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region.
Description
The lemonpeel angelfish is bright yellow in colour with a bluish or whitish ring surrounding the eye. There is a black blotch on the rear margin of the gill cover. The spine on the preoperculum is blue and the dorsal, anal and caudal fins have blue margins. The juveniles have an ocellus on the flank which is black with blue edges. The dorsal fin contains 14 spines and 15-16 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 16 soft rays. This species attains a maximum total length of .
Distribution
The lemonpeel angelfish is found in the Indo-Pacific, the core of its distribution is in the Central Pacific from the Ryukyu Islands and Ogasawara Islands of Southern Japan in the north, east to the Tuamotu Islands and south to Australia. It occurs around some Indian Ocean islands too. In Australia it occurs from the northern Great Barrier Reef south to Moreton Bay in Queensland and the Solitary Islands in New South Wales. In addition, it is found off Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea and the Australian Indian Ocean territories of Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Records from some parts of the western Pacific Ocean are likely to refer to vagrants. It is absent from Hawaii and Johnston Atoll.
Habitat and biology
The lemonpeel angelfish is f
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twospined%20angelfish
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The twospined angelfish (Centropyge bispinosa), also known as the dusky angelfish, or coral beauty, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. They are found in the Indo-Pacific.
Description
The twospined angelfish has a basic dark purplish-blue body. This is marked with irregular orange vertical bars on its flanks. The dorsal, caudal and anal fins have a bright blue margin. The dorsal fin contains 14 spines and 17-18 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 17-19 soft rays. This species attains a maximum total length of .
Distribution
The twospined angelfish is found in the Indo-Pacific. Its range extends from the coast of East Africa between Tanzania and South Africa as Far East as the Tuamotu Islands of French Polynesia, north to the Izu Islands of Japan and south to Lord Howe Island. In Australia, as well as Lord Howe Island, it is found from the Rowley Shoals and Scott Reef in Western Australia, Ashmore Reef in the Timor Sea, and along the east coast from Raine Island in Queensland to Bass Point in New South Wales as well as Christmas Island. Offshore it occurs at Norfolk Island, Elizabeth Reef and Middleton Reef in the Tasman Sea and Ashmore Reef and Kenn Reef in the Coral Sea.
Habitat and biology
The twospined angelfish is found at depths of in coral reefs within lagoons, rubble patches and drop offs, being commonest around drop offs. They live in small social groups consisting of a single male and a few f
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orangeback%20angelfish
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The orangeback angelfish (Centropyge acanthops), also known as the flameback angelfish, African pygmy angelfish and in South Africa as the Jumping Bean or Bean, is a species of ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in the western Indian Ocean.
Description
The orangeback angelfish has the head, upper flanks, the dorsal fin and the caudal fin are golden yellow in colour. The lower flanks and the anal fin are black with many dense purple spots. Their eyes are ringed with blue. This species attains a maximum total length of .
Distribution
The orangeback angelfish is found in the western Indian Ocean. It occurs along the East African coast from Somalia south to East London in the Eastern Cape Province, as well as Madagascar, Seychelles, Comoros, the Chagos Islands and the Mascarene Islands. In Asia it has been recorded from the Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea off Yemen, including Socotra, and Oman as well as the Maldives. It has also been recorded from the Australian territory of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.
Habitat and biology
The orangeback angelfish is found at depths between , usually near coral and frequently in area of coral rubble where it likes to hide among the rubble. It prefers areas with dense algal growth and it grazes on algae and small invertebrates. It is a social species which is typically encountered in groups of up to 10 fishes. They are protogynous hermaphrodites in which the most dominant female in a group
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flameback%20angelfish
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The flameback angelfish (Centropyge aurantonotus), also known as the flameback pygmy angelfish, Brazilian flameback angelfish, Caribbean flameback angelfish or fireball angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean.
Description
The flameback angelfish has an oval, deep and laterally compressed body with a short, blunt snout and a small mouth. There is a long, robust spine at the angle of the preopercle with vertical margin serrated. To the rear of the bone below the eye there are 2 large, rear-pointing spines and a series of smaller spines on the preopercle and on the opercle. It has a mainly blue body with the head and dorsal region being bright, golden yellow. It also has a blue ring around the eyes. The caudal and the anal fins are dark blue marked with many black spots. The dorsal fin contains 14-15 spines and 15-16 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 17 soft rays. This species attains a maximum total length of .
Distribution
The flameback angelfish is found in the tropical Western Atlantic Ocean. It occurs from the Lesser Antilles and Curaçao in the Netherlands Antilles and along the northern coast of South America from Venezuela to southern Brazil. It has been recorded in the easatern Atlantic at São Tomé in the Gulf of Guinea.
Habitat and biology
The flameback angelfish is found. At depths of between where it is found in areas of reef and rock rubble
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recreation%20Park%20%28Ontario%29
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Recreation Park is the classification given by Ontario Parks to provincial parks which are primarily intended for recreation. They usually contain campgrounds, modern facilities, beaches, boat launches, picnic areas, hiking, and other utilities used in modern recreational camping.
See also
List of Ontario parks
References
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eggon%20language
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Eggon (also Egon, Ero, or Mo Egon), erroneously referred to as Mada - formerly a Plateau language spoken in central Nigeria. It is one of the major language in Nasarawa State.
Classification
The exact classification of the Eggon language has been in dispute and it can be said that this issue remains unresolved. Eggon was first classified by Greenberg (1963) as a Plateau language in his group 5, together with Nungu and Yeskwa. In the revision prepared by Carl Hoffman published in Hansford et al. (1976) a Benue group was set up that combined Greenberg's Plateau 5 and 7 with Jukunoid. The new subgrouping classified Eggon together with Nungu, Ake and Jidda-Abu. This concept of a Benue grouping came from the lexicostatistical studies of Shimizu (1975) who argued against the unity of Greenberg's Plateau and proposed the Benue group. However, in 1983, Gerhardt published a convincing rebuttal of Shimizu's arguments. The latest version of classification of Plateau languages in Gerhardt (1989) adds Yashi to the Eggon subgroup but removes the links with 'Benue' i.e. Tarok and the Jukunoid languages. Blench (2008) classifies Eggon and Ake as the Eggonic group of the Southern branch of Plateau.
Distribution
The main towns of the Eggon people are Eggon, Kagbu, Washo and Wana. They stretch as far south as Lafia and west of Akwanga as far as the railway line. They are bordered on the north by the Mada and to the south by the Migili and the Idoma.
In much of the colonial literature, the E
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicolor%20angelfish
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The bicolor angelfish (Centropyge bicolor) is a marine species of fish, easily recognizable by its yellow tail, yellow front half of their body, and blue rear with blue patterns above and around the eye. Other names of this angelfish include: Pacific rock beauty, oriole angelfish, oriole dwarf angel, blue and gold angel, and two-colored angel. The life expectancy in the wild varies greatly, depending on location, and ranges between 5 and 13 years. These fish tend to grow to a maximum of 6 inches in length. The larval stages lasts approximately 32 days.
Distribution and habitat
The bicolor angelfish species is most commonly found in the Indo-Pacific region: including East Africa, southern Japan, Australia, and Fiji. They live at a depth range from 1 to 25 meters, most commonly on reef slopes, coral areas, lagoons, and near drop-off areas.
Ecology
A typical bicolor angelfish diet consists of small crustaceans, such as brine and mysis shrimp, as well as tunicates, corals, sponges, worms, algae, and sometimes clams. This is a non-migratory species that lives in harems with a single linear hierarchy based on size. Mature adults are identified based on size. Males and females have no color distinction.
Reproduction
Male bicolor angelfish visit the homes of females at dusk to mate. One male may visit one or multiple females per night to spawn. A female will scatter her eggs, and a male will release sperm that will fertilize the egg. Females, however, can only spawn a maximum o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese%20angelfish
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The Japanese angelfish (Centropyge interrupta) or Japanese pygmy angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in the western Pacific Ocean.
Description
The Japanese angelfish has an orange body marked with purple and blue spots
It has an orangey yellow body with purplish blue spots completed with a bright yellow tail. The spots are larger towards the tail, and the bottom part the rear of the fish gradually becomes purple. The spots also turn from blue to purple towards the tail. Juveniles has a blue margined black ocellus on the posterior part of the dorsal fin. The dorsal fin contains 14 spines and 16 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 17 soft rays. This species attains a maximum total length of .
Distribution
The Japanese angelfish is found in the western Pacific Ocean. They occur in southern Japan from Tokyo to Shikoku, as well as around the Izu Islands and the Ogasawara Islands south of Japan. They also occur in United States waters around Midway Atoll and Kure Atoll and reaching south to Pearl and Hermes Atoll.
Habitat and biology
The Japanese angelfish is found at depths between . They are typically encountered as pairs on rocky reefs where there are rich growths of coral and algae. Their diet consists of algae, benthic invertebrates and sponges. They are oviparous and monogamous. Females change sex to males at a total length of and this takes 20–39 days to complete.
Systematics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosepane
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Glucosepane is a lysine-arginine protein cross-linking product and advanced glycation end product (AGE) derived from D-glucose. It is an irreversible, covalent cross-link product that has been found to make intermolecular and intramolecular cross-links in the collagen of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and crystallin of the eyes. Covalent protein cross-links irreversibly link proteins together in the ECM of tissues. Glucosepane is present in human tissues at levels 10 to 1000 times higher than any other cross-linking AGE, and is currently considered to be the most important cross-linking AGE.
Role in aging
Aging leads to progressive loss of elasticity and stiffening of tissues rich in the ECM such as joints, cartilage, arteries, lungs and skin. It has been shown that these effects are brought about by the accumulation of cross-links in the ECM on long-lived proteins. Studies done on glucosepane by the Monnier group have shown that the level of glucosepane cross-links in human collagen in the ECM increases progressively with age and at a more rapid pace in people with diabetes, thus suggesting the role of glucosepane in the long-term effects associated with diabetes and aging such as arteriosclerosis, joint stiffening and skin wrinkling. In fact, they report that in the ECM of the skin of a non-diabetic 90-year-old, glucosepane accounts for about 50 times the protein cross-linking as all other forms of protein cross-linking. Further, the build up of cross-links such as gluco
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synertek
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Synertek, Inc. was an American semiconductor manufacturer founded in 1973. The initial staff consisted of Bob Schreiner (the CEO), Dan Floyd, Jack Balletto, and Gunnar Wetlesen and Zvi Grinfas. Schreiner, Floyd, Balletto and Wetlesen were all formerly of Fairchild Semiconductor, and Synertek is thus one of the many "Fairchildren". The company became a major vendor during the late 1970s and early 1980s on the strength of their licensed production of the MOS 6502, one of the most successful microprocessors of the era. Synertek won supply deals with Apple Computer and Atari, who would produce millions of home computer and games consoles with Synertek 6502's inside.
Synertek's original production factories had been cobbled together with used equipment, and quickly ran out of capacity for ever-growing orders. The board of directors was unwilling to fund the construction of a new factory that could handle the demand. This led to a 1979 deal with Honeywell, who agreed to buy the company and operate Synertek as a hands-off division. This almost immediately led to problems when Honeywell's management failed to create a stock options program; top managers began to leave the company and they found it impossible to hire new talent without such a program. By the early 1980s, the company was hollowed out. When both Apple and Atari turned to the Motorola 68000, sales evaporated and they had no new products to offer. Honeywell closed the division in 1985.
History
Formation
Early years
Th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railroad%20ecology
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Railroad ecology or railway ecology is a term used to refer to the study of the ecological community growing along railroad or railway tracks and the effects of railroads on natural ecosystems. Such ecosystems have been studied primarily in Europe. Similar conditions and effects appear also by roads used by vehicles. Railroads along with roads, canals, and power lines are examples of linear infrastructure intrusions.
Conditions
Railroad beds, like road beds, are designed to drain water away from the tracks, so there is usually a bed of rock and gravel resulting in fast drainage away from the tracks. At the same time, this drainage often accumulates in areas fairly near the tracks where drainage is poor, forming small artificial wetlands. These unnatural conditions combine to form different zones, some in which water is scarce, others in which water is abundant.
Maintenance
Railroad companies routinely clear-cut and/or spray with herbicide any vegetation that grows too close to the tracks. This favors vegetation that is able to respond favorably to clearcutting, and/or resist herbicides.
On overhead electrified railroad lines, clear-cutting must be more extensive, vertically as well as horizontally, in order to prevent vegetation (especially tree limbs) from interfering with the pantographs on a moving train, breaking off and falling on the wires, or simply from arcing in proximity to high voltage transmission cables. The same vegetative selection processes described i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Beach%2C%20Texas
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Crystal Beach is an unincorporated community in the Bolivar Peninsula census-designated place, in Galveston County, Texas, United States. Also known as Patton, Crystal Beach stretches 7 miles (10 km) along Texas State Highway 87 in the middle of Bolivar Peninsula.
It is located along 27 miles of beach on the Bolivar Peninsula. It is a popular destination thanks to its permitting of camping and fires, as well as its fishing opportunities. Some fish in the surf, and others on the rocks of the North Jetty. The Rollover Fish Pass has been filled in and can no longer be fished, as of 2020. The pass is named for the practice of ship captains from the days of Spanish rule through prohibition, who, to avoid the Galveston customs station, rolled barrels of import or export merchandise over that part of the peninsula.
Crystal Beach is served by the Bolivar Chamber of Commerce, which is the official source for business, tourism and government information for the Bolivar Peninsula.
Crystal Beach and the entire Bolivar Peninsula suffered catastrophic damage from Hurricane Ike on September 12–13, 2008. The majority of the area was damaged by a storm surge of over 20 feet, added to the morning high tide, plus higher waves on top.
History
The sole initial recorded activity was in the Patton community. The Patton Beach post office operated from 1898 to 1900. The Crystal Beach site was settled in the early 20th century. Patton served as a railroad station. When the railroad ended in the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fej%C3%A9r%27s%20theorem
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In mathematics, Fejér's theorem, named after Hungarian mathematician Lipót Fejér, states the following:
Explanation of Fejér's Theorem's
Explicitly, we can write the Fourier series of f as
where the nth partial sum of the Fourier series of f may be written as
where the Fourier coefficients are
Then, we can define
with Fn being the nth order Fejér kernel.
Then, Fejér's theorem asserts that
with uniform convergence. With the convergence written out explicitly, the above statement becomes
Proof of Fejér's Theorem
We first prove the following lemma:
Proof: Recall the definition of , the Dirichlet Kernel:We substitute the integral form of the Fourier coefficients into the formula for above
Using a change of variables we get
This completes the proof of Lemma 1.
We next prove the following lemma:
Proof: Recall the definition of the Fejér Kernel
As in the case of Lemma 1, we substitute the integral form of the Fourier coefficients into the formula for
This completes the proof of Lemma 2.
We next prove the 3rd Lemma:
This completes the proof of Lemma 3.
We are now ready to prove Fejér's Theorem. First, let us recall the statement we are trying to prove
We want to find an expression for . We begin by invoking Lemma 2:
By Lemma 3a we know that
Applying the triangle inequality yields
and by Lemma 3b, we get
We now split the integral into two parts, integrating over the two regions and .
The motivation for doing so is that we want to prove that . We can do th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Lewis
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Crystal Lynn Lewis (born September 11, 1969) is an American contemporary Christian and jazz singer, songwriter and actress.
Lewis has been nominated for several Grammy Awards, and has won multiple GMA Dove Awards. Additionally, she has released numerous CCM chart-topping hits.
Lewis reached a commercial peak with her Billboard Top 5 albums: “Let Love In” (1990), "Beauty for Ashes" (1996), "Gold" (1998) and the Grammy-nominated Fearless (2000), which inspired young future superstars like Katy Perry and Tori Kelly.
Early life and career
Crystal Lewis was born in Corona, California (where she grew up singing in her father's church). In 1984, at the age of 15, Lewis auditioned for a children's musical film called Hi-Tops. It was written and produced by Ernie and Debby Rettino, creators of Psalty, the Singing Song Book. She passed the audition, and was able to go into the studio to participate on the soundtrack recording, with the rest of the cast members.
While working on the musical, Lewis met a member of the rockabilly band The Lifters. After becoming friends with the band members, Lewis was asked to join. Soon after, the band changed its name to Wild Blue Yonder. Wild Blue Yonder was together for two years, and recorded a single full-length album, Wild Blue Yonder. It was produced by Daniel Amos front man Terry Scott Taylor, for Frontline Records in 1986. Lewis also sang on D.A.'s album Fearful Symmetry in 1986, and Taylor's solo album A Briefing for the Ascent in 1987.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strikeouts%20per%20nine%20innings%20pitched
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In baseball statistics, strikeouts per nine innings pitched (K/9, SO/9, or SO/9IP) is the mean of strikeouts (or Ks) by a pitcher per nine innings pitched. It is determined by multiplying the number of strikeouts by nine, and dividing by the number of innings pitched. To qualify, a pitcher must have pitched 1,000 innings, which generally limits the list to starters. A separate list is maintained for relievers with 300 innings pitched or 200 appearances.
Leaders
The all-time leader in this statistic through 2022 is Chris Sale (11.06). The only other pitchers who had averaged over 10 strikeouts are Robbie Ray (11.03), Jacob deGrom (10.96), Yu Darvish (10.70), Max Scherzer (10.69), Randy Johnson (10.61), Stephen Strasburg (10.55), Gerrit Cole (10.45), Kerry Wood (10.32), Pedro Martinez (10.04) and Aaron Nola (10.02).
The top three in 2022 were Carlos Rodon (11.98), Shohei Ohtani (11.87), and Gerrit Cole (11.53).
Among qualifying relievers, Aroldis Chapman (14.88) was the all-time leader in strikeouts per nine innings through 2020, followed by Craig Kimbrel (14.66), Kenley Jansen (13.25), Rob Dibble (12.17), David Robertson (11.93), and Billy Wagner (11.92).
In 2022 Kyle Harrison led the minor leagues with 14.8 strikeouts per 9 innings, the highest rate for a pitcher in the minors–minimum 100 innings–in a season dating back to 1960.
Analysis
One effect of K/9 is that it may reward or "inflate" the numbers for pitchers with high batting averages on balls in play (BABIP). Tw
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMM
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FMM may refer to:
Confederation of Malagasy Workers (Malagasy: )
Fast multipole method
Functional membrane microdomain
Father Michael McGivney Catholic Academy, in Markham, Ontario, Canada
Fellowship in Manufacturing Management, a program of Cranfield University, England
Festival Músicas do Mundo, a Portuguese music festival
Field Marshal Montgomery Pipe Band
Flea Market Music, an American publisher
Florida Maritime Museum
Fort Morgan Municipal Airport, in Colorado, United States
France Médias Monde
Franciscan Missionaries of Mary
Free Media Movement
Mainz-Mombach station, in Germany
Memmingen Airport, in Germany
World Federation for the Metallurgic Industry, a former global union federation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete%20Poisson%20equation
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In mathematics, the discrete Poisson equation is the finite difference analog of the Poisson equation. In it, the discrete Laplace operator takes the place of the Laplace operator. The discrete Poisson equation is frequently used in numerical analysis as a stand-in for the continuous Poisson equation, although it is also studied in its own right as a topic in discrete mathematics.
On a two-dimensional rectangular grid
Using the finite difference numerical method to discretize
the 2-dimensional Poisson equation (assuming a uniform spatial discretization, ) on an grid gives the following formula:
where and . The preferred arrangement of the solution vector is to use natural ordering which, prior to removing boundary elements, would look like:
This will result in an linear system:
where
is the identity matrix, and , also , is given by:
and is defined by
For each equation, the columns of correspond to a block of components in :
while the columns of to the left and right of each correspond to other blocks of components within :
and
respectively.
From the above, it can be inferred that there are block columns of in . It is important to note that prescribed values of (usually lying on the boundary) would have their corresponding elements removed from and . For the common case that all the nodes on the boundary are set, we have and , and the system would have the dimensions , where and would have dimensions .
Example
For a 3×3 ( and ) grid with a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turn%20%28biochemistry%29
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A turn is an element of secondary structure in proteins where the polypeptide chain reverses its overall direction.
Definition
According to one definition, a turn is a structural motif where the Cα atoms of two residues separated by a few (usually 1 to 5) peptide bonds are close (less than ). The proximity of the terminal Cα atoms often correlates with formation of an inter main chain hydrogen bond between the corresponding residues. Such hydrogen bonding is the basis for the original, perhaps better known, turn definition. In many cases, but not all, the hydrogen-bonding and Cα-distance definitions are equivalent.
Types of turns
Turns are classified according to the separation between the two end residues:
In an α-turn the end residues are separated by four peptide bonds (i → i ± 4).
In a β-turn (the most common form), by three bonds (i → i ± 3).
In a γ-turn, by two bonds (i → i ± 2).
In a δ-turn, by one bond (i → i ± 1), which is sterically unlikely.
In a π-turn, by five bonds (i → i ± 5).
Turns are classified by their backbone dihedral angles (see Ramachandran plot). A turn can be converted into its inverse turn (in which the main chain atoms have opposite chirality) by changing the sign on its dihedral angles. (The inverse turn is not a true enantiomer since the Cα atom chirality is maintained.) Thus, the γ-turn has two forms, a classical form with (φ, ψ) dihedral angles of roughly (75°, −65°) and an inverse form with dihedral angles (−75°, 65°). At least eig
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAB1
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The Disabled-1 (Dab1) gene encodes a key regulator of Reelin signaling. Reelin is a large glycoprotein secreted by neurons of the developing brain, particularly Cajal-Retzius cells. DAB1 functions downstream of Reln in a signaling pathway
that controls cell positioning in the developing brain and during adult neurogenesis. It docks to the intracellular part of the Reelin very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) and apoE receptor type 2 (ApoER2) and becomes tyrosine-phosphorylated following binding of Reelin to cortical neurons. In mice, mutations of Dab1 and Reelin generate identical phenotypes. In humans, Reelin mutations are associated with brain malformations and mental retardation. In mice, Dab1 mutation results in the scrambler mouse phenotype.
With a genomic length of 1.1 Mbp for a coding region of 5.5 kb, DAB1 provides a rare example of genomic complexity, which will impede the identification of human mutations.
Gene function
Cortical neurons form in specialized proliferative regions deep in the brain and migrate past previously formed neurons to reach their proper layer. The laminar organization of multiple neuronal types in the cerebral cortex is required for normal cognitive function. The mouse 'reeler' mutation causes abnormal patterns of cortical neuronal migration as well as additional defects in cerebellar development and neuronal positioning in other brain regions. Reelin (RELN; 600514), the reeler gene product, is an extracellular protein secreted by p
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminator%20Gene
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Terminator Gene is the second book in Ian Irvine's Eco-thriller titles. Set after The Last Albatross, this is the story of Jemma Hardey's daughter. This book is due to be re-released as a revised edition in September 2009. The ePub version of the eBook is available to download for free on Ian Irvine's website. It is also available on the Amazon Kindle, but is not free.
Characters
Jemma Hardey - Now at the age of 55, and is a widow after Ryn's death, mother to Irith Hardey. She is being hunted for revenge by Ulf Barmet.
Irith Hardey - Small, like her mother and has slightly frizzy pale brown hair. She has brown eyes, and is a striking woman, though timid and well brought up to be conservative. She is a great rifle shooter and is the heroine of the story.
Levi Seth - Now in his 50s, he wears glasses, is slim, dark-skinned. He has a bald skull rimmed with fluffy grey hair and kind eyes. He has an Indian appearance but no apparent accent, and a firm handshake. He is very good at security, and is the main character in helping the team succeed.
Bragg - Takes Irith to London, is part of Levi's team.
Thornton - Twin to Gretel, is sexually attractive (and knows how to get what he wants), a control freak and "the explosives guy" in Levi Seth's team.
Gretel - A tall attractive woman, with a luscious figure, not much over 20. She has jet black hair to midway down her back. She is twin to Thornton and with a fiery temper is very protective to her twin.
Siah - Gives Levi's team a place
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Life%20Lottery
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The Life Lottery, a futuristic eco-thriller, is the final book in Ian Irvine's Human Rites Sequence, set after the events in Terminator Gene. It is also only published in Australia.
Titles of the Human Rites Sequence
The Last Albatross (November 2000)
Terminator Gene (April 2003)
The Life Lottery (August 2004)
Plot summary
Irith Hardey's life is out of control.
The world's climate is in chaos. Rising seas have flooded out half a billion people. Hundreds of millions of refugees are pouring into the west, the global economy is collapsing and democracies are being crushed by the anti-refugee Yellow Armbands. But there is worse to come. In a desperate attempt to avert the coming ice age that will wipe out civilisation, the Great Powers have agreed to embark on the most monumental gamble of all time 100 Days to Save the World.
Climate scientist Irith Hardey is sure they've got it wrong. The U.S. President's pet scheme isn't going to save the world, but ruin it. Searching for the awful truth behind the 100 Days project, Irith is tormented by the Yellow Armbands, then hunted from blizzard-struck London to the Scottish Highlands and across the wild North Sea.
In a United States terrorized by gun-toting militias trying to bring down the President, Irith is forced to confront the worst nightmare any 21st-century woman can face, as she struggles to uncover the ghastly secret of the Life Lottery before 100 days are up.
Publishers
Simon & Schuster Australia
Mobipocket
Exte
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent%20%28disambiguation%29
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Covalent may refer to:
Covalent bond, a type of chemical bond
Covalent radius, half the distance between two covalently bonded atoms
Covalent modulation, the alteration of protein structure by covalent bonding
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neville%27s%20algorithm
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In mathematics, Neville's algorithm is an algorithm used for polynomial interpolation that was derived by the mathematician Eric Harold Neville in 1934. Given n + 1 points, there is a unique polynomial of degree ≤ n which goes through the given points. Neville's algorithm evaluates this polynomial.
Neville's algorithm is based on the Newton form of the interpolating polynomial and the recursion relation for the divided differences. It is similar to Aitken's algorithm (named after Alexander Aitken), which is nowadays not used.
The algorithm
Given a set of n+1 data points (xi, yi) where no two xi are the same, the interpolating polynomial is the polynomial p of degree at most n with the property
p(xi) = yi for all i = 0,…,n
This polynomial exists and it is unique. Neville's algorithm evaluates the polynomial at some point x.
Let pi,j denote the polynomial of degree j − i which goes through the points (xk, yk) for k = i, i + 1, …, j. The
pi,j satisfy the recurrence relation
{|
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|}
This recurrence can calculate
p0,n(x),
which is the value being sought. This is Neville's algorithm.
For instance, for n = 4, one can use the recurrence to fill the triangular tableau below from the left to the right.
{|
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This process yields
p0,4(x),
the value of the polynomial going through the n + 1 data points (xi, yi) at the point x.
Thi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licensing%20factor
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A licensing factor is a protein or complex of proteins that allows an origin of replication to begin DNA replication at that site. Licensing factors primarily occur in eukaryotic cells, since bacteria use simpler systems to initiate replication. However, many archaea use homologues of eukaryotic licensing factors to initiate replication.
Function
Origins of replication represent start sites for DNA replication and so their "firing" must be regulated to maintain the correct karyotype of the cell in question. The origins are required to fire only once per cell cycle, an observation that led to the postulated existence of licensing factors by biologists in the first place. If the origins were not carefully regulated then DNA replication could be restarted at that origin giving rise to multiple copies of a section of DNA. This could be damaging to cells and could have detrimental effects on the organism as a whole.
The control that licensing factors exert over the cycle represents a flexible system, necessary so that different cell types in an organism can control the timing of DNA replication to their own cell cycles.
Subcellular distribution
The factors themselves are found in different places in different organisms. For example in metazoan organisms, they are commonly synthesised in the cytoplasm of the cell to be imported into the nucleus when required. The situation is different in yeast where the factors present are degraded and resynthesised throughout the cell cycle
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabi%20problem
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The Rabi problem concerns the response of an atom to an applied harmonic electric field, with an applied frequency very close to the atom's natural frequency. It provides a simple and generally solvable example of light–atom interactions and is named after Isidor Isaac Rabi.
Classical Rabi problem
In the classical approach, the Rabi problem can be represented by the solution to the driven damped harmonic oscillator with the electric part of the Lorentz force as the driving term:
where it has been assumed that the atom can be treated as a charged particle (of charge e) oscillating about its equilibrium position around a neutral atom. Here xa is its instantaneous magnitude of oscillation, its natural oscillation frequency, and its natural lifetime:
which has been calculated based on the dipole oscillator's energy loss from electromagnetic radiation.
To apply this to the Rabi problem, one assumes that the electric field E is oscillatory in time and constant in space:
and xa is decomposed into a part ua that is in-phase with the driving E field (corresponding to dispersion) and a part va that is out of phase (corresponding to absorption):
Here x0 is assumed to be constant, but ua and va are allowed to vary in time. However, if the system is very close to resonance (), then these values will be slowly varying in time, and we can make the assumption that , and , .
With these assumptions, the Lorentz force equations for the in-phase and out-of-phase parts ca
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcoglycan
|
The sarcoglycans are a family of transmembrane proteins (α, β, γ, δ or ε) involved in the protein complex responsible for connecting the muscle fibre cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix, preventing damage to the muscle fibre sarcolemma through shearing forces.
The dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC) is a membrane-spanning complex that links the interior cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix in muscle. The sarcoglycan complex is a subcomplex within the DGC and is composed of six muscle-specific, transmembrane proteins (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-, epsilon-,and zeta-sarcoglycan). The sarcoglycans are asparagine-linked glycosylated proteins with single transmembrane domains.
The disorders caused by the mutations of the sarcoglycans are called sarcoglycanopathies. Mutations in the α, β, γ or δ genes (not ε) encoding these proteins can lead to the associated limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.
Genes
SGCA
SGCB
SGCD
SGCE
SGCG
SGCZ
References
Protein families
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birch%27s%20theorem
|
In mathematics, Birch's theorem, named for Bryan John Birch, is a statement about the representability of zero by odd degree forms.
Statement of Birch's theorem
Let K be an algebraic number field, k, l and n be natural numbers, r1, ..., rk be odd natural numbers, and f1, ..., fk be homogeneous polynomials with coefficients in K of degrees r1, ..., rk respectively in n variables. Then there exists a number ψ(r1, ..., rk, l, K) such that if
then there exists an l-dimensional vector subspace V of Kn such that
Remarks
The proof of the theorem is by induction over the maximal degree of the forms f1, ..., fk. Essential to the proof is a special case, which can be proved by an application of the Hardy–Littlewood circle method, of the theorem which states that if n is sufficiently large and r is odd, then the equation
has a solution in integers x1, ..., xn, not all of which are 0.
The restriction to odd r is necessary, since even degree forms, such as positive definite quadratic forms, may take the value 0 only at the origin.
References
Diophantine equations
Analytic number theory
Theorems in number theory
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krating%20Daeng
|
Krating Daeng (, , ; 'red bull' or 'red gaur') is a non-carbonated energy drink created by Chaleo Yoovidhya. The drink is marketed and sold primarily in Southeast and East Asia; its derivative, Red Bull, is available worldwide in 165 countries.
Chaleo took the name from the gaur (Thai: ), a large wild bovine of Southeast Asia. The logo of the drink underlies its branding, with two red gaurs charging at each other backdropped by a sun.
History
Krating Daeng was first devised in 1975. It contains water, cane sugar, caffeine, taurine, inositol and B-vitamins. It was introduced in Thailand in 1976 as a refreshment for rural Thai labourers. "At first it was not very popular...", says current CEO Saravoot Yoovidhya. "It was quite different from others in the market, and Chaleo focused first on upcountry markets rather than in the cities where other competitors concentrated."
The working class image was boosted by sponsorship of Thai boxing matches, where the logo of two red bulls charging each other was often on display.
Krating Daeng has lost its leadership position in its home market of Thailand to M-150 and is now third in the country's energy drinks market, down to possibly only 7 percent market share in 2014.
Relation to Red Bull
The Thai product is from a different company than the global brand Red Bull as formulated by Dietrich Mateschitz, an Austrian entrepreneur. Mateschitz was the international marketing director for Blendax, a German toothpaste company, when he
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20subchannel
|
In broadcasting, digital subchannels are a method of transmitting more than one independent program stream simultaneously from the same digital radio or television station on the same radio frequency channel. This is done by using data compression techniques to reduce the size of each individual program stream, and multiplexing to combine them into a single signal. The practice is sometimes called "multicasting".
ATSC television
United States
The ATSC digital television standard used in the United States supports multiple program streams over-the-air, allowing television stations to transmit one or more subchannels over a single digital signal. A virtual channel numbering scheme distinguishes broadcast subchannels by appending the television channel number with a period digit (".xx"). Simultaneously, the suffix indicates that a television station offers additional programming streams. By convention, the suffix position ".1" is normally used to refer to the station's main digital channel and the ".0" position is reserved for analog channels. For example, most of the owned-and-operated stations/affiliates of Trinity Broadcasting Network transmit five streams in the following format:
The most of any large broadcaster in the United States, Ion Television stations transmit eight channels (in standard definition) and the Katz Broadcasting subchannel services Court TV, Ion Mystery, Bounce TV, Laff, Grit, Defy TV, and Scripps News. More programming streams can be fit into a single
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedgehog%20signaling%20pathway
|
The Hedgehog signaling pathway is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper cell differentiation. Different parts of the embryo have different concentrations of hedgehog signaling proteins. The pathway also has roles in the adult. Diseases associated with the malfunction of this pathway include cancer.
The Hedgehog signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of animal development and is present in all bilaterians. The pathway takes its name from its polypeptide ligand, an intracellular signaling molecule called Hedgehog (Hh) found in fruit flies of the genus Drosophila; fruit fly larva lacking the Hh gene are said to resemble hedgehogs. Hh is one of Drosophila's segment polarity gene products, involved in establishing the basis of the fly body plan. Larvae without Hh are short and spiny, resembling the hedgehog animal. The molecule remains important during later stages of embryogenesis and metamorphosis.
Mammals have three Hedgehog homologues, Desert (DHH), Indian (IHH), and Sonic (SHH), of which Sonic is the best studied. The pathway is equally important during vertebrate embryonic development and is therefore of interest in evolutionary developmental biology. In knockout mice lacking components of the pathway, the brain, skeleton, musculature, gastrointestinal tract and lungs fail to develop correctly. Recent studies point to the role of Hedgehog signaling in regulating adult stem cells involved in maintenance and regeneratio
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vectra%20%28plastic%29
|
Vectra is a brand of liquid crystal polymer (LCP) manufactured by Ticona (a subsidiary of Celanese).
Physical properties of Vectra were tested in the report "Non-Metallic Transducer Mounting Brackets" by the US Naval Research Laboratory in 1992, and the resulting test data is publicly available from the external link below.
CAS: 81843-52-9 (Vectra A 910).
External links
Manufacturer's site, UK
Manufacturer's site, global
"Non-Metallic Transducer Mounting Brackets," US Naval Research Laboratory
Liquid crystals
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20of%20origin
|
Cell of origin (COO) is a mobile-positioning technique for finding a caller's cell (the basic geographical coverage unit of a cellular telephone system) location.
Overview
Crude COO positioning considers the location of the base station to be the location of the caller. This is not very accurate, as the majority of mobile network cells are projected from an antenna with a spread of 120° (i.e. three mounted on a mast to give complete coverage) giving a signal coverage area with the base station at one corner, rather than the centre. Omnidirectional cells may be used in rural locations (which typically have large ranges and hence uncertain locations for phones within them) and in cities (where they may have ranges of a few hundred metres). The underlying issue is that mobile phone networks are optimised for capacity and call handling rather than locating phones.
Most commercially implemented systems rely on 'enhanced' COO. In the GSM system this relies on the fact that the phones constantly measure the signal strength from the closest 6 base stations and lock on to the strongest signal (the reality is slightly more complex than this and includes parameters that each individual network can optimise, including signal quality and variability. Most networks endeavour to optimise for minimum power consumption, but the overall effect approximates to each phone locking onto the strongest signal).
All networks generate 'splash maps' predicting signal coverage when planning and man
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravasation
|
Intravasation is the invasion of cancer cells through the basement membrane into a blood or lymphatic vessel. Intravasation is one of several carcinogenic events that initiate the escape of cancerous cells from their primary sites. Other mechanisms include invasion through basement membranes, extravasation, and colonization of distant metastatic sites. Cancer cell chemotaxis also relies on this migratory behavior to arrive at a secondary destination designated for cancer cell colonization.
Contributing factors
One of the genes that contributes to intravasation codes for urokinase (uPA), a serine protease that is able to proteolytically degrade various extracellular matrix (ECM) components and the basement membrane around primary tumors. uPA also activates multiple growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that further contribute to ECM degradation, thus enabling tumor cell invasion and intravasation.
A newly identified metastasis suppressor, p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), is able to suppress metastasis in part by causing specific proteases, such as uPA, to be downregulated.
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been shown to be abundantly present in the microenvironments of metastasizing tumors. Studies have revealed that macrophages enhance tumor cell migration and intravasation by secreting chemotactic and chemokinetic factors, promoting angiogenesis, remodeling the ECM, and regulating the formation of collagen fibers.
Groups of three cell types (a ma
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treo%20700p
|
The Palm Treo 700p was a cell phone with advanced capabilities, commonly referred to as a smartphone. Unlike the slightly earlier Treo 700w, this model is based on Palm OS. This is the first Palm OS-based Treo model to feature high-speed cellular network support, and is also the first Treo model to support Bluetooth 1.2.
While its specifications were more advanced than those of its predecessors, the Treo 700p shares an almost identical form factor with its closest relative, the Palm Treo 650. The Treo 700p was one of four Treo smartphones released in 2006.
The Treo 700p is faster than the Treo 650, and like the 650, it is able to play video from downloads using third-party software such as TCPMP. The 700p by virtue of its EVDO capability can also play live streaming video including cable TV stations. The Treo 700p was offered on Sprint and Verizon Wireless in the United States. With the release of a Palm OS client for Slingbox, Verizon and Sprint customers had the ability to watch live TV on their 700p's via a Slingbox set up in the subscriber's home. With appropriate service, it can also display the latest news and headlines in an on-demand user area.
Carriers
The Treo 700 was available in the US through Sprint Nextel, Verizon Wireless, and Alltel. In Canada, it was available from Telus Mobility.
Specifications
Operating System: Palm OS 5.4.9
Storage: 128 MB (60 user-accessible) Non-Volatile File System RAM
Processor: Intel XScale 312 MHz
Screen: 320 by 320 Col
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purine%20nucleoside%20phosphorylase
|
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase, PNP, PNPase or inosine phosphorylase () is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NP gene. It catalyzes the chemical reaction
purine nucleoside + phosphate purine + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are a purine nucleoside and phosphate, whereas its products are a purine and alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
Nomenclature
This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is purine-nucleoside:phosphate ribosyltransferase.
Other names in common use include:
inosine phosphorylase
PNPase
PUNPI
PUNPII
inosine-guanosine phosphorylase
nucleotide phosphatase
purine deoxynucleoside phosphorylase
purine deoxyribonucleoside phosphorylase
purine nucleoside phosphorylase
purine ribonucleoside phosphorylas
This enzyme participates in 3 metabolic pathways: purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism.
Function
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism. PNP metabolizes inosine into hypoxanthine and guanosine into guanine, in each case creating ribose phosphate. Note: adenosine is first metabolized to inosine via the enzyme adenosine deaminase.
Nucleoside phosphorylase is an enzyme which cleaves a nucleoside by phosphorylating the ribose to produce a nucleobase and ribose 1 phosphate. It is one enzyme of the nucleotide salvage pathways. These pathw
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Canadian%20plants%20by%20genus%20B
|
Below is a list of Canadian plants by genus. Due to the vastness of Canada's biodiversity, this page is divided.
Many of the plants seen in Canada are introduced, either intentionally or accidentally. N indicated native and X indicated exotic. Those plants whose status is unknown are marked with a ?.
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I J K | L | M | N | O | P Q | R | S | T | U V W | X Y Z
Ba
Ballota
X Ballota nigra
Baptisia
X Baptisia australis
N Baptisia tinctoria — yellow wild-indigo
Barbarea
N Barbarea orthoceras — erect-fruit wintercress
X Barbarea vulgaris — yellow rocket, common wintercress
Bartonia
N Bartonia paniculata subsp. paniculata — twining screwstem, branched bartonia Threatened
N Bartonia virginica — yellow screwstem, yellow bartonia
Bartsia
N Bartsia alpina — velvetbells, alpine bartsia
Bassia
X Bassia hyssopifolia
Be
Beckmannia
N Beckmannia syzigachne — American slough grass
Bellis
X Bellis perennis — English daisy
Berberis
X Berberis aquifolium — Oregon grape, Oregon hollygrape, holly barberry
X Berberis repens
X Berberis thunbergii — Japanese barberry, purple Japanese barberry
X Berberis vulgaris — European barberry, common barberry
X Berberis × ottawensis (B. thunbergii × B. vulgaris) — Ottawa barberry
Berteroa
X Berteroa incana — hoary alyssum, hoary false madwort
Berula
N Berula erecta
Betula
N Betula alleghaniensis — yellow birch
N Betula cordifolia — heartleaf birch, mountain white birch, mountain paper birch
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiocarbanilide
|
Thiocarbanilide is an organic chemical compound with the formula (C6H5NH)2CS. This white solid is a derivative of thiourea. It is prepared by the reaction of aniline and carbon disulfide.
Uses
Thiocarbanilide is commonly used as a vulcanization accelerator for rubber, and as a stabilizer for PVC and PVDC. Its use as a vulcanization accelerator was discovered by BF Goodrich chemist George Oenslager.
Reactions
Thiocarbanilide reacts with phosphorus pentachloride or hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, acetic anhydride or iodine to produce phenyl isothiocyanate.
Toxicology
Oral, rat: = 50 mg/kg.
References
Thioureas
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TR-55
|
The TR-55, released in 1955, was both Japan's and Sony's first commercially available transistor radio. The use of transistors allowed the device to be much smaller than earlier vacuum tube radios.
History
Akio Morita and Masaru Ibuka, then operating under the business name Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo, had been working on plans to introduce a transistor radio to the market since 1953. The first model was called TR-52, but was pulled from the market before it had even been introduced after climbing summer temperatures made the front lattice section to gradually peel away from the black cabinet, forcing the company to build a new model using a more durable material. When the TR-55 was released in Japan in August 1955, it was the first transistor radio marketed in that country. The TR-55 featured the Sony name, but the company did not officially change its name to Sony until January 1958.
In the fall of 1955, Morita met with a representative of the Bulova watch company in New York City. Bulova agreed to order 10,000 units on the condition they carry the Bulova name. Morita declined the deal. Sony later signed a deal with New York importer Adolph Gross to distribute an improved and slightly more compact model, and in March 1957, the Sony TR-63 transistor radio would become Sony's first product sold in the US. The TR-63 would not fit in existing shirt front pockets, so the company issued shirts with expanded pockets to salesmen so they could claim the product was "the world's first poc
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20CAZA%20member%20zoos%20and%20aquariums
|
This is a list of Canada's Accredited Zoos and Aquariums member zoos and aquariums.
Members
Former members
Bowmanville Zoo – Bowmanville, Ontario – closed on 10 October 2016
Crystal Gardens Conservation Centre – Victoria, British Columbia – closed on 2 September 2004
Jardin Zoologique du Quebec – Quebec City, Quebec – closed on 31 March 2006
Cherry Brook Zoo – Saint John, New Brunswick – closed in 2020
Marineland of Canada – Niagara Falls, Ontario – withdrew from membership in May 2017
Mountain View Conservation & Breeding Society – Langley, British Columbia – had its membership revoked by CAZA due to claims of animal abuse
Affiliated
Hagen Avicultural Research Institute – Rigaud, Quebec
Commercial members
Cinemuse Network – Gatineau, Quebec
International Seafood and Bait Ltd. – Shippagan, New Brunswick
Interzoo – Laval, Quebec
Kingfisher Conservation Biology Laboratory – Whitchurch-Stouffville, Ontario
Rare Import/Export Incorporated – Saint-Roch-de-l'Achigan, Quebec, Quebec
Sunshine Polishing International – Saint-Hubert, Quebec
References
CAZA
CAZA
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic%20module
|
A cryptographic module is a component of a computer system that implements cryptographic algorithms in a secure way, typically with some element of tamper resistance.
NIST defines a cryptographic modules as "The set of hardware, software, and/or firmware that implements security functions (including cryptographic algorithms), holds plaintext keys and uses them for performing cryptographic operations, and is contained within a cryptographic module boundary."
Hardware security modules, including secure cryptoprocessors, are one way of implementing cryptographic modules.
Standards for cryptographic modules include FIPS 140-3 and ISO/IEC 19790.
References
See also
Cryptographic Module Validation Program (CMVP)
Cryptographic Module Testing Laboratory
Cryptography
Computer security
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrapher%27s%20equations
|
The telegrapher's equations (or just telegraph equations) are a set of two coupled, linear equations that predict the voltage and current distributions on a linear electrical transmission line. The equations are important because they allow transmission lines to be analyzed using circuit theory. The equations and their solutions are applicable from 0 Hz to frequencies at which the transmission line structure can support higher order non-TEM modes. The equations can be expressed in both the time domain and the frequency domain. In the time domain the independent variables are distance and time. The resulting time domain equations are partial differential equations of both time and distance. In the frequency domain the independent variables are distance and either frequency, or complex frequency, The frequency domain variables can be taken as the Laplace transform or Fourier transform of the time domain variables or they can be taken to be phasors. The resulting frequency domain equations are ordinary differential equations of distance. An advantage of the frequency domain approach is that differential operators in the time domain become algebraic operations in frequency domain.
The equations come from Oliver Heaviside who developed the transmission line model starting with an August 1876 paper, On the Extra Current. The model demonstrates that the electromagnetic waves can be reflected on the wire, and that wave patterns can form along the line. Originally developed t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity%20and%20drugs
|
Biodiversity plays a vital role in maintaining human and animal health. Numerous plants, animals, and fungi are used in medicine, as well as to produce vital vitamins, painkillers, and other things. Natural products have been recognized and used as medicines by ancient cultures all around the world. Many animals are also known to self-medicate using plants and other materials available to them. More than 60% of the world's population relies almost entirely on plant medicine for primary health care.
About 119 pure chemicals are extracted from less than 90 species of higher plants and used as medicines throughout the world, for example, caffeine, methyl salicylate, and quinine.
Antibiotics
Streptomycin, neomycin, and erythromycin are derived from tropical soil fungi.
Plant drugs
A lot of plant species are used in today's studies and have been studied thoroughly for their potential value as a source of drugs. It is possible that some plant species may be a source of drugs against high blood pressure, AIDS, or heart troubles.
In China, Japan, India, and Germany, there is a great deal of interest in and support for the search for new drugs from higher plants.
Sweet wormwood
Each species carries unique genetic material in its DNA and in its chemical factory responding to these genetic instructions. For example, in the valleys of central China, a fernlike endangered weed called sweet wormwood grows, which is the only source of artemisinin, a drug that is nearly 100 percent eff
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSP-4
|
For the Super NES enhancement chip see List of Super NES enhancement chips
DSP-4, or N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine, is a neurotoxin selective for noradrenergic neurons, capable of crossing the blood–brain barrier.
It exerts transient effects in peripheral sympathetic neurons, but more permanent changes within neurons of the central nervous system. It can induce long-term depletion in cortical and spinal levels of noradrenaline.
See also
5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine
MPTP
Oxidopamine
References
Neurotoxins
Bromoarenes
Organochlorides
Amines
Nitrogen mustards
Chloroethyl compounds
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saifun
|
Saifun may refer to:
Saifun Semiconductors, Ltd., an Israel-based semiconductor firm acquired by Spansion
Saifun, the Taishanese pronunciation for cellophane noodles
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer%20neuron
|
A pioneer neuron is a cell that is a derivative of the preplate in the early stages of corticogenesis of the brain. Pioneer neurons settle in the marginal zone of the cortex and project to sub-cortical levels. In the rat, pioneer neurons are only present in prenatal brains. Unlike Cajal-Retzius cells, these neurons are reelin-negative.
Pioneer neurons are born in the ventricular neuroepithelium all over the cortical primordium. In the rat cortex, they appear at embryonic day (E) 11.5 in the lateral aspect of the telencephalic vesicle and cover its whole surface on E12. These cells, which show intense immunoreactivity for calbindin and calretinin, are characterized by their large size and axonal projection. They remain in the marginal zone after the formation of the cortical plate; they project first into the ventricular zone, and then into the subplate and the internal capsule. Therefore, these cells are the origin of the earliest efferent pathway of the developing cortex.
Function
It is thought that axons of pioneer neurons, pioneer axons, serve as a pathway for additional neurons that develop later in the embryo and project their axons to the appropriate target. In many systems pioneer neurons are eliminated by programmed cell-death and are not present in the adult.
See also
Neural development
External links
Neuronal Migration and Formation of Cellular Patterns During Brain Development - from the site of the University of Texas.
Authors of the article propose new
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frzb
|
Frzb (pronounced like the toy frisbee) is a Wnt-binding protein especially important in embryonic development. It is a competitor for the cell-surface G-protein receptor Frizzled.
Frizzled is a tissue polarity gene in Drosophila melanogaster and encodes integral proteins that function as cell-surface receptors for Wnts called serpentine receptors. The integral membrane proteins contain a cysteine-rich domain thought to be the Wnt binding domain in extracellular region. The signals are initiated at the 7 transmembrane domain and transmitted through receptor coupling to G-proteins.
This protein is expressed in chondrocytes making it important in skeletal development in the embryo and fetus. Frzb is localized in the extracellular plasma membrane. Unlike frizzled, frzb lacks the 7 transmembrane domains normally found in G-protein-coupled receptors. It is still considered a homolog of frizzled because it contains a Cysteine Rich Domain (CRD), and because of its intracellular C-terminus which is crucial for signaling. The CRD is highly conserved in diverse proteins, such as receptor tyrosine kinases and functions as a ligand binding domain. The C-terminal is a carboxyl terminus located intracellularly and is required for canonical signaling.
The serpentine receptors (frzb) couple binds to ligand (Wnt protein) and activates G-proteins. A signal transduction cascade results in the secretion of first and second group antagonists. First group antagonists are composed of secreted Fr
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error%20exponent
|
In information theory, the error exponent of a channel code or source code over the block length of the code is the rate at which the error probability decays exponentially with the block length of the code. Formally, it is defined as the limiting ratio of the negative logarithm of the error probability to the block length of the code for large block lengths. For example, if the probability of error of a decoder drops as , where is the block length, the error exponent is . In this example, approaches for large . Many of the information-theoretic theorems are of asymptotic nature, for example, the channel coding theorem states that for any rate less than the channel capacity, the probability of the error of the channel code can be made to go to zero as the block length goes to infinity. In practical situations, there are limitations to the delay of the communication and the block length must be finite. Therefore, it is important to study how the probability of error drops as the block length go to infinity.
Error exponent in channel coding
For time-invariant DMC's
The channel coding theorem states that for any ε > 0 and for any rate less than the channel capacity, there is an encoding and decoding scheme that can be used to ensure that the probability of block error is less than ε > 0 for sufficiently long message block X. Also, for any rate greater than the channel capacity, the probability of block error at the receiver goes to one as the block length goes to infini
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primordial%20Undermind
|
Primordial Undermind is an experimental/psychedelic rock band, begun in 1988 when guitarist Eric Arn of Connecticut's Crystalized Movements (the 80's band of guitar hero Wayne Rogers of Major Stars, Magic Hour) moved to California, and continuing today in Austria. Arn initially went to London in 1989 to record demos with the Bevis Frond's Nick Saloman. These sessions produced "Swimming the Ultramoon" for the 1991 7" compilation "If I Could Hear You I Would Hit You" on Baby Huey.
The band has a policy of open, collective membership, leading to numerous lineups over the years. Their Los Angeles County residency from 1991 to 1995 produced the "Sferic Mandalas from the Ecclips'd Eye" 7" on Baby Huey, "Aenesthetic Revelations" 7" on Dionysus, and a full-length cassette on Shrimper Records called "And All Tall Monsters Stand". Two albums were released in 1994 and 1997: "Yet More Wonders of the Invisible World" on September Gurls of Germany, and "You and Me and the Continuum" on the Australian label Camera Obscura.
In 1996 the band relocated to Boston, appearing at the Deep Heaven festivals (which they in large part initiated), and the Ptolemaic Terrascope's Terrastock festival. In 1998 the group moved to the SF Bay area where they performed at Terrastock II and recorded PU's third album "Universe I've Got". This prompted the band's first tour, where they were joined by Salamander (Minneapolis, MN) and Overhang Party (Tokyo) for a trip from west to east coast and back, including
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