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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SXBL
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sXBL (SVG's XML Binding Language) is a mechanism for defining the presentation and interactive behavior of elements described in a namespace other than SVG's (an XML language supporting vector graphics, user events and scripted behavior). sXBL is very similar to XBL, as it does for SVG documents what XBL does for XUL documents. For example, it is possible to define a generic scrollArea in sXBL and use it in SVG documents.
History, objectives, and future
sXBL specification derived from a specification called RCC (Rendering Custom Content) that was embedded in a 2003 working draft of the SVG 1.2 specification. The RCC part of the specification has since been removed in favor of the sXBL more modular approach.
As stated in the sXBL working draft:
sXBL is intended to be an SVG-specific first version of a more general-purpose XBL specification (e.g., "XBL 2.0"). The intent is that, in the future, a general-purpose and modularly-defined XBL specification will be developed which will replace this specification and will define additional features that are necessary to support scenarios beyond SVG, such as integration into web browsers that support CSS. Once a general-purpose XBL is defined, sXBL would just become an SVG-specific subset (i.e., a profile) of the larger XBL specification.
Even if sXBL has borrowed a lot from XBL, there are some differences between these two standards (for example, the name of some of the elements are different).
However, there are also some subtle d
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incompressibility
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Incompressibility may refer to:
a property in thermodynamics and fluid dynamics, see Compressibility or Incompressible flow
a property of a vector field, see Solenoidal vector field
a topological property, see Incompressible surface
a proof method in mathematics, see Incompressibility method
a property of strings in computer science, see Incompressible string
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osem
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Osem may refer to:
Osem (mathematics) – algorithm for image reconstruction in nuclear medical imaging
Osem (company) – Israeli food corporation
Orquesta Sinfonica del Estado de Mexico, an official State symphony orchestra in Mexico.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%20postrema
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The area postrema, a paired structure in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem, is a circumventricular organ having permeable capillaries and sensory neurons that enable its dual role to detect circulating chemical messengers in the blood and transduce them into neural signals and networks. Its position adjacent to the bilateral nuclei of the solitary tract and role as a sensory transducer allow it to integrate blood-to-brain autonomic functions. Such roles of the area postrema include its detection of circulating hormones involved in vomiting, thirst, hunger, and blood pressure control.
Structure
The area postrema is a paired protuberance found at the inferoposterior limit of the fourth ventricle. Specialized ependymal cells are found within the area postrema. These cells differ slightly from the majority of ependymal cells (ependymocytes), forming a unicellular epithelial lining of the ventricles and central canal. The area postrema is separated from the vagal trigone by the funiculus separans, a thin semitransparent ridge. The vagal trigone overlies the dorsal vagal nucleus and is situated on the caudal end of the rhomboid fossa or 'floor' of the fourth ventricle. The area postrema is situated just before the obex, the inferior apex of the caudal ventricular floor. Both the funiculus separans and area postrema have a similar thick ependyma-containing tanycyte covering. Ependyma and tanycytes can participate in the transport of neurochemicals into and out of the cerebrosp
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral%20ganglion
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The spiral (cochlear) ganglion is a group of neuron cell bodies in the modiolus, the conical central axis of the cochlea. These bipolar neurons innervate the hair cells of the organ of Corti. They project their axons to the ventral and dorsal cochlear nuclei as the cochlear nerve, a branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).
Structure
Neurons whose cell bodies lie in the spiral ganglion are strung along the bony core of the cochlea, and send fibers (axons) into the central nervous system (CNS). These bipolar neurons are the first neurons in the auditory system to fire an action potential, and supply all of the brain's auditory input. Their dendrites make synaptic contact with the base of hair cells, and their axons are bundled together to form the auditory portion of eighth cranial nerve. The number of neurons in the spiral ganglion is estimated to be about 35,000–50,000.
Two apparent subtypes of spiral ganglion cells exist. Type I spiral ganglion cells comprise the vast majority of spiral ganglion cells (90-95% in cats and 88% in humans), and exclusively innervate the inner hair cells. They are myelinated, bipolar neurons. Type II spiral ganglion cells make up the remainder. In contrast to Type I cells, they are unipolar and unmyelinated in most mammals. They innervate the outer hair cells, with each Type II neuron sampling many (15-20) outer hair cells. In addition, outer hair cells form reciprocal synapses onto Type II spiral ganglion cells, suggesting that
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow%20visualization
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Flow visualization or flow visualisation in fluid dynamics is used to make the flow patterns visible, in order to get qualitative or quantitative information on them.
Overview
Flow visualization is the art of making flow patterns visible. Most fluids (air, water, etc.) are transparent, thus their flow patterns are invisible to the naked eye without methods to make them this visible.
Historically, such methods included experimental methods. With the development of computer models and CFD simulating flow processes (e.g. the distribution of air-conditioned air in a new car), purely computational methods have been developed.
Methods of visualization
In experimental fluid dynamics, flows are visualized by three methods:
Surface flow visualization: This reveals the flow streamlines in the limit as a solid surface is approached. Colored oil applied to the surface of a wind tunnel model provides one example (the oil responds to the surface shear stress and forms a pattern).
Particle tracer methods: Particles, such as smoke or microspheres, can be added to a flow to trace the fluid motion. We can illuminate the particles with a sheet of laser light in order to visualize a slice of a complicated fluid flow pattern. Assuming that the particles faithfully follow the streamlines of the flow, we can not only visualize the flow but also measure its velocity using the particle image velocimetry or particle tracking velocimetry methods. Particles with densities that match that
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Leary%2C%20Prince%20Edward%20Island
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O'Leary is a town located in Prince County, Prince Edward Island. Its population in the 2016 Census was 815 people.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, O'Leary had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
Economy
The community's economy is tied to the potato farming industry. O'Leary is home to the Canadian Potato Museum.
Climate
References
External links
Communities in Prince County, Prince Edward Island
Towns in Prince Edward Island
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P300-CBP%20coactivator%20family
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The p300-CBP coactivator family in humans is composed of two closely related transcriptional co-activating proteins (or coactivators):
p300 (also called EP300 or E1A binding protein p300)
CBP (also known as CREB-binding protein or CREBBP)
Both p300 and CBP interact with numerous transcription factors and act to increase the expression of their target genes.
Protein structure
p300 and CBP have similar structures. Both contain five protein interaction domains: the nuclear receptor interaction domain (RID), the KIX domain (CREB and MYB interaction domain), the cysteine/histidine regions (TAZ1/CH1 and TAZ2/CH3) and the interferon response binding domain (IBiD). The last four domains, KIX, TAZ1, TAZ2 and IBiD of p300, each bind tightly to
a sequence spanning both transactivation domains 9aaTADs of transcription factor p53.
In addition p300 and CBP each contain a protein or histone acetyltransferase (PAT/HAT) domain and a bromodomain that binds acetylated lysines and a PHD finger motif with unknown function. The conserved domains are connected by long stretches of unstructured linkers.
Regulation of gene expression
p300 and CBP are thought to increase gene expression in three ways:
by relaxing the chromatin structure at the gene promoter through their intrinsic histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity.
recruiting the basal transcriptional machinery including RNA polymerase II to the promoter.
acting as adaptor molecules.
p300 regulates transcription by directly bindi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyalin
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Hyalin is a protein released from the cortical granules of a fertilized animal egg. The released hyalin modifies the extracellular matrix of the fertilized egg to block other sperm from binding to the egg, and is known as the slow-block to polyspermy. All animals have this slow-block mechanism.
Hyalin is a large, acidic protein which aids in embryonic development. The protein has strong adhesive properties which can help with cell differentiation and as a polyspermy prevention component. It forms the hyaline layer which covers the surface of the egg after insemination.
Structure
Its physical structure has a major and minor component. One is filamentous, having flexible molecules containing a globular domain head at the end. Its conformation is retained mainly by disulfide bonds, as virtually all cysteine amino acids are found in the disulfide form, but also hydrophobic forces and salt linkages stabilize the molecule. The filament length is about 75 nm long, and the head being club-shaped with a diameter of 12 nm. An isoform of the molecule exists, having a longer filament of 125 nm instead. Both forms of these filaments often fold on themselves, making the protein heterogeneous, resulting in poorly resolved stains on a gel. This makes the exact mass uncertain, as the protein is very difficult to purify. Estimates place the mass at about 350 kDa. About 2-3% of its mass is carbohydrates. Aggregates of hyalin also form by associating the heads of the protein, a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear%20flow
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In fluid dynamics, shear flow is the flow induced by a force in a fluid. In solid mechanics, shear flow is the shear stress over a distance in a thin-walled structure.
In solid mechanics
For thin-walled profiles, such as that through a beam or semi-monocoque structure, the shear stress distribution through the thickness can be neglected. Furthermore, there is no shear stress in the direction normal to the wall, only parallel. In these instances, it can be useful to express internal shear stress as shear flow, which is found as the shear stress multiplied by the thickness of the section. An equivalent definition for shear flow is the shear force V per unit length of the perimeter around a thin-walled section. Shear flow has the dimensions of force per unit of length. This corresponds to units of newtons per meter in the SI system and pound-force per foot in the US.
Origin
When a transverse force is applied to a beam, the result is variation in bending normal stresses along the length of the beam. This variation causes a horizontal shear stress within the beam that varies with distance from the neutral axis in the beam. The concept of complementary shear then dictates that a shear stress also exists across the cross section of the beam, in the direction of the original transverse force. As described above, in thin-walled structures, the variation along the thickness of the member can be neglected, so the shear stress across the cross section of a beam that is composed of th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Taylor%20%28physicist%29
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Charles Alfred Taylor (1922–2002) was a British physicist well known for his work in crystallography and his efforts to promote science to young audiences.
Early life
Charles Taylor was born in Hull in 1922.
Education
He began his degree at Queen Mary College (a constituent college of the University of London), but the college was subsequently evacuated to Cambridge during World War II. He graduated in 1943 and after working for the Admiralty during the war, then worked as a lecturer and then a reader after completing his PhD.
Career
His first work was for the Admiralty designing radar countermeasures, work that eventually took him to Harvard University in the United States until the end of the war. He then studied for a PhD at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, and was there from 1948 until 1965. He worked for a long time with Henry Lipson on the development of optical diffraction analogue methods. He was awarded a DSc in 1960.
In 1965 he moved with his family to Cardiff to take up the position of Chair of Physics at University College Cardiff, where the main interest of the department was X-ray crystallography, in the same field as the work he did with Lipson in Manchester.
He was appointed to the post of Visiting Professor of Experimental Physics at the Royal Institution, a post he held until 1988. He also gave many other lectures to schoolchildren. In 1990 he lectured to thousands of children in Tokyo as a follow-up to his Christmas L
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tralomethrin
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Tralomethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide.
Tralomethrin has potent insecticidal properties; it kills by modifying the gating kinetics of the sodium channels in neurons, increasing the length of time the channel remains open after a stimulus, thereby depolarizing the neuron for a longer period of time. This leads to uncontrolled spasming, paralysis, and eventual death. Insects with certain mutations in their sodium channel gene may be resistant to tralomethrin and other similar insecticides.
Effectiveness
Tralomethrin is also effective against most members of class Arachnida as well as insects, in addition studies by the EPA on the ecotoxicity of tralomethrin shows results as follows:
Impact on human health
Tralomethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide. The symptoms of poisoning with pyrethroid compounds are all alike:
Irritation of skin and eyes.
Irritability to sound or touch, abnormal facial sensation, sensation of prickling, tingling or creeping on skin, numbness.
Headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, excessive salivation, fatigue.
In severe cases: fluid in the lungs and muscle twitching may develop. Seizures may occur and are more common with more toxic cyano-pyrethroids.
References
http://iaspub.epa.gov/srs/srs_proc_qry.navigate?P_SUB_ID=357483
https://web.archive.org/web/20050225034305/http://www.arsusda.gov/acsl/services/ppdb/textfiles/TRALOMETHRIN
Tribromomethyl compounds
(cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl) 2,2,3-trimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylates
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitronectin
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Vitronectin (VTN or VN) is a glycoprotein of the hemopexin family which is synthesized and excreted by the liver, and abundantly found in serum, the extracellular matrix and bone. In humans it is encoded by the VTN gene.
Vitronectin binds to integrin alpha-V beta-3 and thus promotes cell adhesion and spreading. It also inhibits the membrane-damaging effect of the terminal cytolytic complement pathway and binds to several serpins (serine protease inhibitors). It is a secreted protein and exists in either a single chain form or a clipped, two chain form held together by a disulfide bond. Vitronectin has been speculated to be involved in hemostasis and tumor malignancy.
Structure
Vitronectin is a 54 kDa glycoprotein, consisting of 478 amino acid residues. About one-third of the protein's molecular mass is composed of carbohydrates. On occasion, the protein is cleaved after arginine 379, to produce two-chain vitronectin, where the two parts are linked by a disulfide bond. No high-resolution structure has been determined experimentally yet,
except for the N-terminal domain.
The protein consists of three domains:
The N-terminal Somatomedin B domain (1-39)
A central domains with hemopexin homology (131-342)
A C-terminal domain (residues 347-459) also with hemopexin homology.
Several structures has been reported for the Somatomedin B domain. The protein was initially crystallized in complex with one of its physiological binding partners: the Plasminogen activator inhibito
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-4-0%2B0-4-0
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Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, the is an articulated locomotive of the Garratt type. The wheel arrangement is effectively two locomotives operating back-to-back or face-to-face, with the boiler and cab suspended between the two power units. Each power unit has no leading wheels, four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles and no trailing wheels. A similar arrangement exists for Mallet and Meyer locomotives, but is referred to as .
Overview
The first Garratt locomotive, K1, one of two gauge Tasmanian Government Railways K class locomotives built in 1909, has this wheel arrangement and has been restored to operating condition at the Welsh Highland Railway. This arrangement proved one of the less popular Garratt types, since most Garratt locomotives were larger and more powerful, requiring more pairs of driving wheels to operate within the normal axle load limits, and because leading wheels gave more stability and better tracking to allow faster speeds.
In total, 34 Garratts of this type were constructed, seven by Garratt patent holder Beyer, Peacock & Company, mostly for industrial use, and 27 by other builders. The largest user of the type was the C.F. Vicinaux du Mayumbe in the Belgian Congo, with twenty locomotives built to a gauge by St Leonard in Belgium.
Use
Argentina
The gauge Southern Fuegian Railway (F.C.A.F.) in Argentina procured a new Garratt in 1994. Based on Livio Dante Porta's work, i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.%20Army%20Regimental%20System
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The United States Army Regimental System (USARS) is an organizational and classification system used by the United States Army. It was established in 1981 to replace the Combat Arms Regimental System (CARS) to provide each soldier with continuous identification with a single regiment, and to increase a soldier's probability of serving recurring assignments with his or her regiment. The USARS was intended to enhance combat effectiveness by providing the opportunity for a regimental affiliation, thus obtaining some of the benefits of the traditional regimental system.
Overview
USARS was developed to include the active Army (all combat, combat support (CS), combat service support (CSS), and special branches as well as appropriate training battalions) and the reserve components (the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve).
It was developed to offer the opportunity for long-term identification with a regiment or corps, provide the potential for recurring assignments within a regiment or corps, provide the opportunity to further emphasize the history, customs, and traditions of the regiment or corps, and provide regiments that are structured as one or more continental United States (CONUS) units of like type linked with one or more units of like type outside the continental United States (OCONUS), or one or more units of like type located exclusively in either CONUS or OCONUS, including one or more training battalions or tactical armored cavalry or ranger regiments.
USARS is
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt%20transect
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Belt transects are used in biology, more specifically in biostatistics, to estimate the distribution of organisms in relation to a certain area, such as the seashore or a meadow.
The belt transect method is similar to the line transect method but gives information on abundance as well as presence, or absence of species.
Method
The method involves laying out a transect line and then placing quadrats over the line, starting the quadrat at the first marked point of the line. Any consistent measurement size for the quadrat and length of the line can be chosen, depending on the species. With the quadrats applied, all the individuals of a species can be counted, and the species abundance can be estimated. The method is also suitable for long-term observations with a permanent installation.
References
Ecological techniques
Sampling techniques
Environmental statistics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2182%20kHz
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The radio frequency 2182 kHz is one of the international calling and distress frequencies for maritime radiocommunication in a frequency band allocated to the mobile service on first priority ("primary") basis, exclusively for distress and calling operations.
Transmission modes
Transmissions on 2182 kHz commonly use single-sideband modulation (SSB) (upper sideband only). However, amplitude modulation (AM) and some variants such as vestigial sideband are still in use, mainly by vessels with older equipment and by some coastal stations in an attempt to ensure compatibility with older and less sophisticated receivers.
{| class=wikitable
|+ Frequency allocation 2173.5–2190.5 kHz
|-
! align="center" colspan="3" style="background-color:#CCCCCC"| Allocation to services
|-
| align="center" | ITU Region 1
| align="center" | ITU Region 2
| align="center" | ITU Region 3
|-
|colspan="3" align="center" | 2173.5–2190.5 kHz
Mobile service (distress and calling)
|-
|}
Range
2182 kHz is analogous to channel 16 on the marine VHF band, but unlike VHF which is limited to ranges of about depending on antenna height, communications on 2182 kHz and nearby frequencies have a reliable range of around during the day and or sometimes more at night.
The reception range of even a well-equipped station can be severely limited in summer because of static caused by lightning.
Silence period
Historically, all stations using 2182 kHz were required to maintain a strictly enforced three-minute silence a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Hayes
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Crystal Hayes (born September 25, 1984) is an American model, beauty pageant titleholder and actress. She was crowned Miss Michigan USA 2005 and competed at Miss USA pageant in Baltimore, Maryland, placing as a semi-finalist in 2005.
Career
After the pageant, Crystal worked as an actress, model, host, and spokesperson for over ten years. She has modeled for brands such as CoverGirl, Maserati, Whirlpool, Lexus, Ford, and Wilhelmina. Crystal is best known for her role as Alethia, Hugh Laurie’s wife on Veep on HBO. Crystal's film career began when she was cast as a featured extra by director Michael Bay in 2010, featured extra in Real Steel with Hugh Jackman in 2010.
Filmography
References
Further reading
Busy beauty queen has many irons in the fire, Detroit Free Press, 9 December 2004 (accessed 7 May 2006)
Novi woman vies to be Miss USA, The Daily Oakland Press, 30 March 2005 (accessed 7 May 2006)
Local woman gears up for Miss USA pageant, The Daily Oakland Press, 15 March 2005 (accessed 7 May 2006)
External links
Crystal Hayes Website
1984 births
Living people
Miss USA 2005 delegates
People from Northville, Michigan
People from Oakland County, Michigan
American people of Finnish descent
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie%20Moralee
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Jamie Moralee (born 2 December 1971) is an English former footballer who played as a midfielder or forward.
Playing career
Moralee started his career at Crystal Palace but found his opportunities limited. He made only six appearances for the club, without scoring. He joined Millwall on a free transfer in September 1992. Moralee scored 20 goals in 76 appearances for Millwall in two seasons as they nearly gained promotion from Division One to the Premier League under Mick McCarthy.
Moralee joined Watford for £450,000 in the summer of 1994. Signed as a replacement for 1993–94 player of the season Paul Furlong, who had left for Chelsea, Moralee proved to be a disappointment, scoring seven times in 69 appearances over two seasons. Watford were relegated to Division Two at the end of the 1995–96 season and Moralee was given a free transfer.
Moralee joined Crewe Alexandra in August 1996, making his debut at Gresty Road in a 1-0 win over Stockport County, but played only 20 times in two seasons without scoring. He spent the 1998–99 season with Brighton & Hove Albion, whom he joined on a free transfer, scoring four times in 35 appearances. After being released once more, he played his final Football League season with Colchester United, for whom he scored twice in 29 appearances.
After leaving Colchester, Moralee signed for full-time League of Wales side Barry Town, managed by former Crystal Palace colleague Peter Nicholas. He played for the side for three years, each time winning
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TEL-JAK2
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TEL-JAK2 is a gene fusion resulting from a chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 12 observed in human leukemia. The 5' moiety of TEL is fused to the 3' end of JAK2.
The oligomerisation domain of the TEL protein (also called ETV6) becomes juxtaposed to the tyrosine kinase domain of JAK2, and as result the TEL-JAK2 displays constitutive kinase activity.
References
External links
Genes on human chromosome 9
Genes on human chromosome 12
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P24%20protein%20family
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P24 protein family is a group of transmembrane proteins that are major components of COPI and COPII-coated vesicles. The family is also known as EMP24/GP25L/p24 family and TMP21-like proteins. The latter naming was after transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 10 that was found in the human brain. It was claimed to block the beta-amyloid peptide, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Function
p24 family proteins localize to the major organelles of the early secretory pathway: the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus, where they seem to be involved in trafficking between the two compartments. In yeast, all p24 family proteins can be removed, causing only a mild phenotype. However, in mammals at least some p24 proteins are essential for survival, e.g. removal of p24δ1 is lethal in mice. p24 family members have been implicated in the biogenesis of COPI and COPII-coated vesicles, transporting membrane-bound proteins through the secretory system, and forming the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi.
Distribution
Most p24 family proteins are widely expressed in various tissues. They are highly expressed in secretory cell types.
Structure
p24 family proteins are type 1 transmembrane proteins with a single transmembrane domain. Most of the protein is in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi save for a 13–20 amino acid cytosolic tail at the protein's C-terminus. The N-terminus has a GOLD domain (for "Golgi Dynamics"
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Palace%20Barracks
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The Crystal Palace Barracks in London, Ontario, was the site of the Provincial Exhibition in 1861. The site was chosen at the north end of the military garrison grounds at Wellington Street and Central Avenue. In 1861, the military built an octagonal Crystal Palace, an eight sided white brick building containing eight doors, one on each side. Forty-eight windows sided the second floor of the building.
In 1887, the Western Fair moved to its present location at Queen's Park. George Durand, in a competition, won the design for the new Main Exhibition Building, also known as the Crystal Palace. It borrowed many design features of Joseph Paxton's Crystal Palace in London, England. It featured thirteen high circular arches and massive windows. At the same time, the Fair Board authorized the construction of one half mile of race track.
The Crystal Palace was painted in two shades of terra cotta and trimmed in green, brown, and red. The Fair Board felt the building symbolized industry and progress. The Western Fair Crystal Palace burned to the ground in January 1927. It was replaced with a red brick Confederation Building.
See also
Western Fair Museum and Archives
External links
WFA Official website
A Celebration of Excellence: The history of the Western Fair Inge Sanmiya WFA
2000
Buildings and structures in London, Ontario
Barracks in Canada
1861 establishments in Canada
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TaqI
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TaqI is a restriction enzyme isolated from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus in 1978. It has a recognition sequence of
5'TCGA
3'AGCT
and makes the cut
5'---T CGA---3'
3'---AGC T---5'
References
Restriction enzymes
Bacterial enzymes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W15
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W15 may refer to:
British NVC community W15, a woodland community in the British National Vegetation Classification system
London Buses route W15
Mercedes-Benz W15, a family car
Swanson W-15 Coupe, a light aircraft
Thaagurda language
Truncated cuboctahedron
W15 warhead, a nuclear missile warhead
Workhorse W-15, an electric pickup truck prototype
London W15, a fictitious borough of West London in the TV series Family Affairs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecular%20structure
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Biomolecular structure is the intricate folded, three-dimensional shape that is formed by a molecule of protein, DNA, or RNA, and that is important to its function. The structure of these molecules may be considered at any of several length scales ranging from the level of individual atoms to the relationships among entire protein subunits. This useful distinction among scales is often expressed as a decomposition of molecular structure into four levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. The scaffold for this multiscale organization of the molecule arises at the secondary level, where the fundamental structural elements are the molecule's various hydrogen bonds. This leads to several recognizable domains of protein structure and nucleic acid structure, including such secondary-structure features as alpha helixes and beta sheets for proteins, and hairpin loops, bulges, and internal loops for nucleic acids.
The terms primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure were introduced by Kaj Ulrik Linderstrøm-Lang in his 1951 Lane Medical Lectures at Stanford University.
Primary structure
The primary structure of a biopolymer is the exact specification of its atomic composition and the chemical bonds connecting those atoms (including stereochemistry). For a typical unbranched, un-crosslinked biopolymer (such as a molecule of a typical intracellular protein, or of DNA or RNA), the primary structure is equivalent to specifying the sequence of its monomeric subun
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/89.1%20FM
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The following radio stations broadcast on FM frequency 89.1 MHz:
Argentina
Antena Libre in General Roca, Río Negro
Universidad in San Justo, Buenos Aires
Universo in San Nicolás de los Arroyos, Buenos Aires
Uno in Concordia, Entre Ríos
Del Sol in Viedma, Río Negro
Estación Vinilo in Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires
Radio María (Argentina) in Rosario, Santa Fe
Imágenes in San Salvador, Entre Rios
Orion in Salliqueló, Buenos Aires
Radio María in Dolores, Buenos Aires
Radio María in San Pedro de Jujuy, Jujuy
Radio María in Rosario, Santa Fe
Records in Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut
Sol in Rosario, Santa Fe
STOP in Paraná, Entre Ríos
Tiempo in Villa Mercedes, San Luis
Bariloche in San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro
Zoe in Chaco
Australia
89.1 Radio Blue Mountains in Katoomba, New South Wales
4KRY in Kingaroy, Queensland
5BBB in Adelaide, South Australia
Brunei
Radio Al-Quran
Bermuda
ZBM-FM
Canada (Channel 206)
CBFY-FM in Ville-Marie, Quebec
CBHC-FM in Truro, Nova Scotia
CBK-FM-1 in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
CBLA-FM-2 in Paris, Ontario
CBLG-FM in Geraldton, Ontario
CBNF-FM in Bonne Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador
CBSI-FM-3 in Churchill Falls, Newfoundland and Labrador
CFNQ-FM in Natashquan, Quebec
CFOU-FM in Trois-Rivieres, Quebec
CHSD-FM in Squamish, British Columbia
CHUO-FM in Ottawa, Ontario
CISO-FM in Orillia, Ontario
CJBR-FM in Rimouski, Quebec
CKRL-FM in Quebec City, Quebec
CKYY-FM in Welland, Ontario
CKSB-9-FM in Fort Frances, Ontario
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%20%28protein%29
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Ku is a dimeric protein complex that binds to DNA double-strand break ends and is required for the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway of DNA repair. Ku is evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to humans. The ancestral bacterial Ku is a homodimer (two copies of the same protein bound to each other). Eukaryotic Ku is a heterodimer of two polypeptides, Ku70 (XRCC6) and Ku80 (XRCC5), so named because the molecular weight of the human Ku proteins is around 70 kDa and 80 kDa. The two Ku subunits form a basket-shaped structure that threads onto the DNA end. Once bound, Ku can slide down the DNA strand, allowing more Ku molecules to thread onto the end. In higher eukaryotes, Ku forms a complex with the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) to form the full DNA-dependent protein kinase, DNA-PK. Ku is thought to function as a molecular scaffold to which other proteins involved in NHEJ can bind, orienting the double-strand break for ligation.
The Ku70 and Ku80 proteins consist of three structural domains. The N-terminal domain is an alpha/beta domain. This domain only makes a small contribution to the dimer interface. The domain comprises a six-stranded beta sheet of the Rossmann fold. The central domain of Ku70 and Ku80 is a DNA-binding beta-barrel domain. Ku makes only a few contacts with the sugar-phosphate backbone, and none with the DNA bases, but it fits sterically to major and minor groove contours forming a ring that encircles duplex DNA, cradlin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidential%20reasoning
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Evidential reason or evidential reasoning may refer to:
Probabilistic logic, a combination of the capacity of probability theory to handle uncertainty with the capacity of deductive logic to exploit structure
"Evidential reason", a type of reason (argument) in contrast to an "explanatory reason"
Evidential reasoning approach, in decision theory, an approach for multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) under uncertainty
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiation%20factor
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Initiation factors are proteins that bind to the small subunit of the ribosome during the initiation of translation, a part of protein biosynthesis.
Initiation factors can interact with repressors to slow down or prevent translation. They have the ability to interact with activators to help them start or increase the rate of translation. In bacteria, they are simply called IFs (i.e.., IF1, IF2, & IF3) and in eukaryotes they are known as eIFs (i.e.., eIF1, eIF2, eIF3). Translation initiation is sometimes described as three step process which initiation factors help to carry out. First, the tRNA carrying a methionine amino acid binds to the small ribosome, then binds to the mRNA, and finally joins together with the large ribosome. The initiation factors that help with this process each have different roles and structures.
Types
The initiation factors are divided into three major groups by taxonomic domains. There are some homologies shared (click the domain names to see the domain-specific factors):
Structure and function
Many structural domains have been conserved through evolution, as prokaryotic initiation factors share similar structures with eukaryotic factors. The prokaryotic initiation factor, IF3, assists with start site specificity, as well as mRNA binding. This is in comparison with the eukaryotic initiation factor, eIF1, who also performs these functions. The elF1 structure is similar to the C-terminal domain of IF3, as they each contain a five-stranded beta s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury%28II%29%20sulfate
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Mercury(II) sulfate, commonly called mercuric sulfate, is the chemical compound HgSO4. It is an odorless salt that forms white granules or crystalline powder. In water, it separates into an insoluble sulfate with a yellow color and sulfuric acid.
Structure
The anhydrous compound features Hg2+ in a highly distorted tetrahedral HgO4 environment. Two Hg-O distances are 2.22 Å and the others are 2.28 and 2.42 Å. In the monohydrate, Hg2+ adopts a linear coordination geometry with Hg-O (sulfate) and Hg-O (water) bond lengths of 2.179 and 2.228 Å, respectively. Four weaker bonds are also observed with Hg---O distances >2.5 Å.
History
In 1932, the Japanese chemical company Chisso Corporation began using mercury sulfate as the catalyst for the production of acetaldehyde from acetylene and water. Though it was unknown at the time, methylmercury is formed as side product of this reaction. Exposure and consumption of the mercury waste products, including methylmercury, that were dumped into Minamata Bay by Chisso are believed to be the cause of Minamata disease in Minamata, Japan.
Production
Mercury sulfate can be produced
by treating mercury with hot concentrated sulfuric acid:
Hg + 2 H2SO4 → HgSO4 + SO2 + 2 H2O
Alternatively yellow mercuric oxide reacts also with concentrated sulfuric acid.
Uses
Denigés' reagent
An acidic solution of mercury sulfate is known as Denigés' reagent. It was commonly used throughout the 20th century as a qualitative analysis reagent. If Denigés' r
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyltransferase
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Methyltransferases are a large group of enzymes that all methylate their substrates but can be split into several subclasses based on their structural features. The most common class of methyltransferases is class I, all of which contain a Rossmann fold for binding S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM). Class II methyltransferases contain a SET domain, which are exemplified by SET domain histone methyltransferases, and class III methyltransferases, which are membrane associated. Methyltransferases can also be grouped as different types utilizing different substrates in methyl transfer reactions. These types include protein methyltransferases, DNA/RNA methyltransferases, natural product methyltransferases, and non-SAM dependent methyltransferases. SAM is the classical methyl donor for methyltransferases, however, examples of other methyl donors are seen in nature. The general mechanism for methyl transfer is a SN2-like nucleophilic attack where the methionine sulfur serves as the leaving group and the methyl group attached to it acts as the electrophile that transfers the methyl group to the enzyme substrate. SAM is converted to S-Adenosyl homocysteine (SAH) during this process. The breaking of the SAM-methyl bond and the formation of the substrate-methyl bond happen nearly simultaneously. These enzymatic reactions are found in many pathways and are implicated in genetic diseases, cancer, and metabolic diseases. Another type of methyl transfer is the radical S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zirconium%28II%29%20hydride
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Zirconium(II) hydride is a molecular chemical compound with the chemical formula . It is a grey crystalline solid or dark gray to black powder. It has been prepared by laser ablation and isolated at low temperature.
Zirconium(II) hydride has repeatedly been the subject of Dirac–Hartree–Fock relativistic calculation studies, which investigate the stabilities, geometries, and relative energies of hydrides of the formula , , , or MH.
Zirconium(II) hydride has a dihedral (C2v) structure. In zirconium(II) hydride, the formal oxidation states of zirconium and hydrogen are +2 and −1, respectively, because the electronegativity of zirconium is lower than that of hydrogen. The stability of metal hydrides with the formula (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) decreases from Ti to Hf.
Uses
Zirconium(II) hydride is used as a thermal neutron moderator in nuclear reactors and as a material for neutron reflectors in fast reactors.
Zirconium(II) hydride in the form of a powder is used in powder metallurgy as a hydrogenation catalyst, vacuum tube getter, foaming agent in the production of metal foams and as a reducing agent.
References
See also
Zirconium hydride
Metal hydrides
Zirconium(II) compounds
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CKIC-FM
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CKIC-FM was an instructional over-the-air campus radio station that broadcast in Winnipeg, Manitoba on the frequency 92.9 FM from April 27, 2004 to July 4, 2012. Starting in the Fall of 2012, it plans to return to the air as an internet-only radio station.
The original purpose of the station was to provide real-world education in the field of radio broadcasting to students enrolled in the Creative Communications program at Red River College and to deliver programming distinct from that offered by other radio stations within the city.
In November 2003, CITI-FM (Winnipeg) and CKKQ-FM (Victoria) personality and programmer Rick Baverstock was hired as the station manager for CKIC-FM.
Kick-FM was owned and operated by the non-profit corporation, Cre-Comm Radio, Inc.
History
The station began broadcasting a test signal on December 15, 2003 and officially launched on April 27, 2004. Initially, the station followed a Triple-A format. At the time, this was the first of its kind in Canada. Kick-FM used the tag line 'A Rock 'n' Soul Adventure' for the first year of its existence.
With the arrival of short-lived CKFE-FM, Kick-FM migrated to a unique Modern Rock format. The selections featured songs popular in the UK and at College radio in the U.S. In addition, Kick-FM played more Winnipeg-based musicians than any other station in the city (22% of its play list). The majority of music on Kick-FM's play list was unique to this station, with little overlap from other stations.
After
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final%20Fantasy%20Crystal%20Chronicles%3A%20The%20Crystal%20Bearers
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is an action-adventure game developed by Square Enix and released for Wii. It was released on November 12, 2009 in Japan and on December 26 in North America. The game received a mixed reception.
Gameplay
Unlike the GameCube predecessor, Crystal Bearers features fully real-time combat, focusing on free-roaming and action-adventure for a single-player. Players can use airships. Enemies have a wide variety of tactics and abilities, and some have the ability to hurt fellow creatures and oppose the player. This is part of the AI reaction, in which different creatures react in unique ways to other ones nearby and to the attacks. The player controls Layle. He can use psychokinetic gravity powers to perform different combat actions, such as moving certain enemies against their will, making them use their abilities against other enemies and utilizing various objects as projectiles. He can perform some type of reaction elements with creatures, affecting them in different manners. Layle can utilize abilities to interact with the environment, such as activating switches, or grabbing ledges and other objects from a distance via an energy-based grappling hook. He can also perform such actions as moving civilians against their will. Civilians share traits with enemies in that they can attack the player, when irritated by actions. Unlike role playing games, the action adventure one has the player customizing Layle's status, using accessories with materials and other items. The player can in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyration%20tensor
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In physics, the gyration tensor is a tensor that describes the second moments of position of a collection of particles
where is the
Cartesian coordinate of the position vector of the
particle. The origin of the coordinate system has been chosen such that
i.e. in the system of the center of mass . Where
Another definition, which is mathematically identical but gives an alternative calculation method, is:
Therefore, the x-y component of the gyration tensor for particles in Cartesian coordinates would be:
In the continuum limit,
where represents the number density of particles at position .
Although they have different units, the gyration tensor is related to the
moment of inertia tensor. The key difference is that the particle positions are weighted by mass in the inertia tensor, whereas the gyration tensor depends only on the particle positions; mass plays no role in defining the gyration tensor.
Diagonalization
Since the gyration tensor is a symmetric 3x3 matrix, a Cartesian coordinate system can be found in which it is diagonal
where the axes are chosen such that the diagonal elements are ordered .
These diagonal elements are called the principal moments of the gyration tensor.
Shape descriptors
The principal moments can be combined to give several parameters that describe the distribution of particles. The squared radius of gyration is the sum of the principal moments divided by the number of particles N:
The asphericity is defined by
which is al
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc%20fluoride
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Zinc fluoride is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula . It is encountered as the anhydrous form and also as the tetrahydrate, (rhombohedral crystal structure). It has a high melting point and has the rutile structure containing 6 coordinate zinc, which suggests appreciable ionic character in its chemical bonding. Unlike the other zinc halides, , and , it is not very soluble in water.
Like some other metal difluorides, crystallizes in the rutile structure, which features octahedral Zn cations and trigonal planar fluorides.
Preparation and reactions
Zinc fluoride can be synthesized several ways.
Reaction of a fluoride salt with zinc chloride, to yield zinc fluoride and a chloride salt, in aqueous solution.
The reaction of zinc metal with fluorine gas.
Reaction of hydrofluoric acid with zinc, to yield hydrogen gas () and zinc fluoride ().
Zinc fluoride can be hydrolysed by hot water to form the zinc hydroxide fluoride, Zn(OH)F.
References
External links
zinc
Metal halides
fluoride
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc%20nitrate
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Zinc nitrate is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula . This colorless, crystalline salt is highly deliquescent. It is typically encountered as a hexahydrate . It is soluble in both water and alcohol.
Synthesis
Zinc nitrate is usually prepared by dissolving zinc metal, zinc oxide, or related materials in nitric acid:
These reactions are accompanied by the hydration of the zinc nitrate.
The anhydrous salt arises by the reaction of anhydrous zinc chloride with nitrogen dioxide:
Reactions
Treatment of zinc nitrate with acetic anhydride gives zinc acetate.
On heating, zinc nitrate undergoes thermal decomposition to form zinc oxide, nitrogen dioxide and Oxygen:
Applications
Zinc nitrate has no large scale application but is used on a laboratory scale for the synthesis of coordination polymers. Its controlled decomposition to zinc oxide has also been used for the generation of various ZnO based structures, including nanowires.
It can be used as a mordant in dyeing. An example reaction gives a precipitate of zinc carbonate:
References
zinc
nitrate
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20monochromator
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A crystal monochromator is a device in neutron and X-ray optics to select a defined wavelength of the radiation for further purpose on a dedicated instrument or beamline. It operates through the diffraction process according to Bragg's law.
Similar devices are called crystal analyzer for the examination of scattered radiation.
Neutron instrumentation
X-ray instrumentation
Synchrotron instrumentation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active-pixel%20sensor
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An active-pixel sensor (APS) is an image sensor, which was invented by Peter J.W. Noble in 1968, where each pixel sensor unit cell has a photodetector (typically a pinned photodiode) and one or more active transistors. In a metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) active-pixel sensor, MOS field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are used as amplifiers. There are different types of APS, including the early NMOS APS and the now much more common complementary MOS (CMOS) APS, also known as the CMOS sensor. CMOS sensors are used in digital camera technologies such as cell phone cameras, web cameras, most modern digital pocket cameras, most digital single-lens reflex cameras (DSLRs), mirrorless interchangeable-lens cameras (MILCs), and lensless imaging for cells.
CMOS sensors emerged as an alternative to charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensors and eventually outsold them by the mid-2000s.
The term active pixel sensor is also used to refer to the individual pixel sensor itself, as opposed to the image sensor. In this case, the image sensor is sometimes called an active pixel sensor imager, or active-pixel image sensor.
History
Background
While researching metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) technology, Willard Boyle and George E. Smith realized that an electric charge could be stored on a tiny MOS capacitor, which became the basic building block of the charge-couple device (CCD), which they invented in 1969. An issue with CCD technology was its need for nearly perfect charge transfer in read ou
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God%27s%20algorithm
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God's algorithm is a notion originating in discussions of ways to solve the Rubik's Cube puzzle, but which can also be applied to other combinatorial puzzles and mathematical games. It refers to any algorithm which produces a solution having the fewest possible moves. The allusion to the deity is based on the notion that an omniscient being would know an optimal step from any given configuration.
Scope
Definition
The notion applies to puzzles that can assume a finite number of "configurations", with a relatively small, well-defined arsenal of "moves" that may be applicable to configurations and then lead to a new configuration. Solving the puzzle means to reach a designated "final configuration", a singular configuration, or one of a collection of configurations. To solve the puzzle a sequence of moves is applied, starting from some arbitrary initial configuration.
Solution
An algorithm can be considered to solve such a puzzle if it takes as input an arbitrary initial configuration and produces as output a sequence of moves leading to a final configuration (if the puzzle is solvable from that initial configuration, otherwise it signals the impossibility of a solution). A solution is optimal if the sequence of moves is as short as possible. The highest value of this, among all initial configurations, is known as God's number, or, more formally, the minimax value. God's algorithm, then, for a given puzzle, is an algorithm that solves the puzzle and produces only optimal so
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior%20ganglion%20of%20vagus%20nerve
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The inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve (also known as the nodose ganglion) is one of the two sensory ganglia of each vagus nerve (cranial nerve X). It contains neuron cell bodies of general visceral efferent fibers and special visceral efferent fibers. It is situated within the jugular fossa just below the skull. It is situated just below the superior ganglion of vagus nerve.
Anatomy
The inferior ganglion of vagus nerve is elongated. It is larger than the superior ganglion of vagus nerve. It is situated within the jugular fossa, just inferior to the jugular foramen.
Structure
The inferior ganglion contains the neuron cell bodies of all sensory fibres of the CN X except those of the auricular branch of vagus nerve.
The neurons in the inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve are pseudounipolar and provide sensory innervation (general somatic afferent and general visceral afferent).
The axons of the neurons which innervate the taste buds of the epiglottis synapse in the rostral portion of the solitary nucleus (gustatory nucleus).
The axons of the neurons which provide general sensory information synapse in the spinal trigeminal nucleus.
The axons of the neurons which innervate the aortic bodies, aortic arch, respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, synapse in the caudal part of the solitary nucleus.
Distribution
The neurons in the inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve innervate the taste buds on the epiglottis, the chemoreceptors of the aortic bodies and baroreceptors in t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final%20Fantasy%20Type-0
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is an action role-playing game developed and published by Square Enix for the PlayStation Portable (PSP). Released in Japan on October 27, 2011, Type-0 is part of the Fabula Nova Crystallis subseries, a set of games sharing a common mythos which includes Final Fantasy XIII and XV. The gameplay, similar to Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII, has the player taking control of characters in real-time combat during missions across Orience. The player also engages in large-scale strategy-based battles on the world map, and has access to a multiplayer option during story missions and side quests.
The story focuses on Class Zero, a group of fourteen students from the Vermillion Peristylium, a magical academy in the Dominion of Rubrum. When the Militesi Empire launches an assault on the other Crystal States of Orience, seeking to control their respective crystals, Class Zero is mobilized for the defense of Rubrum. Eventually, the group becomes entangled in the secrets behind both the war and the reason for their existence. The setting and presentation were inspired by historical documentaries, and the story itself was written to be darker than other Final Fantasy titles.
The game was originally announced as a title for mobile phones and the PSP called It was directed by Hajime Tabata, who took up the project after completing Before Crisis: Final Fantasy VII. Initially designed to provide players with easy access to the Fabula Nova Crystallis universe, the mobile version was eventually
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final%20Fantasy%20Crystal%20Chronicles%3A%20Ring%20of%20Fates
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is an action role-playing game for the Nintendo DS, developed and published by Square Enix. It is a prequel to Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles for the GameCube. The game takes advantage of both the local wireless and Wi-Fi capabilities of the system and features voice acting.
Gameplay
Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles: Ring of Fates is an action role-playing game; players take on the role of lead character Yuri in the single-player campaign, and a troop of adventurers in the co-op multiplayer mode dubbed "Multiplay". The player characters in both modes are selected from four playable races of the world; the balanced Clavats, tank-style Lilties, magic-focused Yukes, and ranged Selkies. Each character has specific weapon skills based around their race. The gameplay and general information is separated between the two screens of the Nintendo DS: the in-game display is shown on the top screen, while the lower touch screen displays the menu and weapon selection.
The player explores the 3D environments from an overhead third-person perspective, with levels consisting of interlinked rooms filled with enemies and sometimes a puzzle blocking progress until solved. Combat takes place in real-time within areas of a level. The player character attacks enemies in each zone, with combined inputs of the DS face buttons and d-pad resulting in faster combination attacks. Different combinations of button prompts create a variety of attacks. During combat, players can jump on enemies and la
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphingolipidoses
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Sphingolipidoses are a class of lipid storage disorders or degenerative storage disorders caused by deficiency of an enzyme that is required for the catabolism of lipids that contain ceramide, also relating to sphingolipid metabolism. The main members of this group are Niemann–Pick disease, Fabry disease, Krabbe disease, Gaucher disease, Tay–Sachs disease and metachromatic leukodystrophy. They are generally inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion, but notably Fabry disease is X-linked recessive. Taken together, sphingolipidoses have an incidence of approximately 1 in 10,000, but substantially more in certain populations such as Ashkenazi Jews. Enzyme replacement therapy is available to treat mainly Fabry disease and Gaucher disease, and people with these types of sphingolipidoses may live well into adulthood. The other types are generally fatal by age 1 to 5 years for infantile forms, but progression may be mild for juvenile- or adult-onset forms.
Accumulated products
Gangliosides: Gangliosidosis
GM1 gangliosidoses
GM2 gangliosidoses
Tay–Sachs disease
Sandhoff disease
GM2-gangliosidosis, AB variant
Glycolipids
Fabry's disease
Krabbe disease
Metachromatic leukodystrophy
Glucocerebrosides
Gaucher's disease
Comparison
Metabolic pathways
See also
Lipid storage disorder
References
External links
Lipid storage disorders
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabula%20Nova%20Crystallis%20Final%20Fantasy
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is a series of games within the Final Fantasy video game franchise. It was primarily developed by series creator and developer Square Enix, which also acted as publisher for all titles. While featuring various worlds and different characters, each Fabula Nova Crystallis game is ultimately based on and expands upon a common mythos focusing on important crystals tied to deities. The level of connection to the mythos varies between each title, with each development team given the freedom to adapt the mythos to fit the context of a game's story.
The series, originally announced in 2006 as Fabula Nova Crystallis Final Fantasy XIII, consists of seven games across multiple platforms. Final Fantasy XIII, designed as the series' flagship title, was released in 2009. The creative forces behind the series include many developers from previous Final Fantasy titles, including Shinji Hashimoto and Motomu Toriyama. The mythos was conceived and written by Kazushige Nojima. The first games announced for the series were Final Fantasy XIII, Final Fantasy XV (as Versus XIII), and Final Fantasy Type-0 (as Agito XIII). All three games went through delays. After Final Fantasy XIII and Type-0s releases, their respective teams used ideas and concepts from development to create additional games. For later games, other studios have been brought in to help with aspects of development. Final Fantasy XV was distanced from the series brand for marketing purposes, though it retains thematic connections.
S
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buccopharyngeal%20membrane
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The region where the crescentic masses of the ectoderm and endoderm come into direct contact with each other constitutes a thin membrane, the buccopharyngeal membrane (or oropharyngeal membrane), which forms a septum between the primitive mouth and pharynx. In front of the buccopharyngeal area, where the lateral crescents of mesoderm fuse in the middle line, the pericardium is afterward developed, and this region is therefore designated the pericardial area.
The buccopharyngeal membranes serve as a respiratory surface in a wide variety of amphibians and reptiles. In this type of respiration, membranes in the mouth and throat are permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide. In some species that remain submerged in water for long periods, gas exchange by this route can be significant.
References
Embryology of digestive system
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segregated%20portfolio%20company
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A segregated portfolio company (or SPC), sometimes referred to as a protected cell company, is a company which segregates the assets and liabilities of different classes (or sometimes series) of shares from each other and from the general assets of the SPC.
Segregated portfolio assets comprise assets representing share capital, retained earnings, capital reserves, share premiums and all other assets attributable to or held within the segregated portfolio.
Separation of liability
Only the assets of each segregated portfolio are available to meet liabilities to creditors in respect of that segregated portfolio; where there are liabilities arising from a matter attributable to a particular segregated portfolio, the creditor may only have recourse to the assets attributable to that segregated portfolio.
Under the laws of some jurisdictions, where the assets of a segregated portfolio are inadequate to meet that portfolio's obligations then a creditor may have recourse to the general assets of the SPC, but not those assets which belong to a different segregated portfolio. An SPC is technically a single legal entity and the segregated portfolios within the SPC will not be separate legal entities which are separate from the SPC, although for bankruptcy purposes they are treated as such.
In some jurisdictions, separation of liability is achieved by different statutory mechanisms. For example, Barbados allows the formation of both “Segregated Cell Companies” and “Companies with a S
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterile%20male%20plant
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Sterile male plants are plants which are incapable of producing pollen. This is sometimes attributed to mutations in the mitochondrial DNA which affects the Tapetum cells in anthers which are responsible for nursing developing pollen. The mutations cause the breakdown of the mitochondria in these specific cells and result in cell death and so pollen production is interrupted. These observations have now led to transgenic sterile male plants to be made in order to create hybrid seeds, by inserting transgenes which are specifically poisonous to Tapetum cells.
Plant reproduction
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerchberg%E2%80%93Saxton%20algorithm
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The Gerchberg–Saxton (GS) algorithm is an iterative phase retrieval algorithm for retrieving the phase of a complex-valued wavefront from two intensity measurements acquired in two different planes. Typically, the two planes are the image plane and the far field (diffraction) plane, and the wavefront propagation between these two planes is given by the Fourier transform. The original paper by Gerchberg and Saxton considered image and diffraction pattern of a sample acquired in an electron microscope.
It is often necessary to know only the phase distribution from one of the planes, since the phase distribution on the other plane can be obtained by performing a Fourier transform on the plane whose phase is known. Although often used for two-dimensional signals, the GS algorithm is also valid for one-dimensional signals.
The pseudocode below performs the GS algorithm to obtain a phase distribution for the plane "Source", such that its Fourier transform would have the amplitude distribution of the plane "Target".
Pseudocode algorithm
Let:
FT – forward Fourier transform
IFT – inverse Fourier transform
i – the imaginary unit, √−1 (square root of −1)
exp – exponential function (exp(x) = ex)
Target and Source be the Target and Source Amplitude planes respectively
A, B, C & D be complex planes with the same dimension as Target and Source
Amplitude – Amplitude-extracting function:
e.g. for complex z = x + iy, amplitude(z) = sqrt(x·x + y·y)
for real x, amp
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice%20Boltzmann%20methods
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The lattice Boltzmann methods (LBM), originated from the lattice gas automata (LGA) method (Hardy-Pomeau-Pazzis and Frisch-Hasslacher-Pomeau models), is a class of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods for fluid simulation. Instead of solving the Navier–Stokes equations directly, a fluid density on a lattice is simulated with streaming and collision (relaxation) processes. The method is versatile as the model fluid can straightforwardly be made to mimic common fluid behaviour like vapour/liquid coexistence, and so fluid systems such as liquid droplets can be simulated. Also, fluids in complex environments such as porous media can be straightforwardly simulated, whereas with complex boundaries other CFD methods can be hard to work with.
Algorithm
Unlike CFD methods that solve the conservation equations of macroscopic properties (i.e., mass, momentum, and energy) numerically, LBM models the fluid consisting of fictive particles, and such particles perform consecutive propagation and collision processes over a discrete lattice. Due to its particulate nature and local dynamics, LBM has several advantages over other conventional CFD methods, especially in dealing with complex boundaries, incorporating microscopic interactions, and parallelization of the algorithm. A different interpretation of the lattice Boltzmann equation is that of a discrete-velocity Boltzmann equation. The numerical methods of solution of the system of partial differential equations then give rise to a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siegel%E2%80%93Walfisz%20theorem
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In analytic number theory, the Siegel–Walfisz theorem was obtained by Arnold Walfisz as an application of a theorem by Carl Ludwig Siegel to primes in arithmetic progressions. It is a refinement both of the prime number theorem and of Dirichlet's theorem on primes in arithmetic progressions.
Statement
Define
where denotes the von Mangoldt function, and let φ denote Euler's totient function.
Then the theorem states that given any real number N there exists a positive constant CN depending only on N such that
whenever (a, q) = 1 and
Remarks
The constant CN is not effectively computable because Siegel's theorem is ineffective.
From the theorem we can deduce the following bound regarding the prime number theorem for arithmetic progressions: If, for (a, q) = 1, by we denote the number of primes less than or equal to x which are congruent to a mod q, then
where N, a, q, CN and φ are as in the theorem, and Li denotes the logarithmic integral.
References
Theorems in analytic number theory
Theorems about prime numbers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombieri%27s%20theorem
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Bombieri's theorem may refer to:
Bombieri–Vinogradov theorem, a result in analytic number theory
Schneider–Lang theorem for Bombieri's theorem on transcendental numbers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugly%20duckling%20theorem
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The ugly duckling theorem is an argument showing that classification is not really possible without some sort of bias. More particularly, it assumes finitely many properties combinable by logical connectives, and finitely many objects; it asserts that any two different objects share the same number of (extensional) properties. The theorem is named after Hans Christian Andersen's 1843 story "The Ugly Duckling", because it shows that a duckling is just as similar to a swan as two swans are to each other. It was derived by Satosi Watanabe in 1969.
Mathematical formula
Suppose there are n things in the universe, and one wants to put them into classes or categories. One has no preconceived ideas or biases about what sorts of categories are "natural" or "normal" and what are not. So one has to consider all the possible classes that could be, all the possible ways of making a set out of the n objects. There are such ways, the size of the power set of n objects. One can use that to measure the similarity between two objects, and one would see how many sets they have in common. However, one cannot. Any two objects have exactly the same number of classes in common if we can form any possible class, namely (half the total number of classes there are). To see this is so, one may imagine each class is a represented by an n-bit string (or binary encoded integer), with a zero for each element not in the class and a one for each element in the class. As one finds, there are such strings
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochrane%20Lake%2C%20Alberta
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Cochrane Lake is a hamlet in southern Alberta under the jurisdiction of Rocky View County. Statistics Canada also recognizes a smaller portion of the hamlet as a designated place under the name of Cochrane Lake Subdivision.
Cochrane Lake is located approximately 45 km (23 mi) northwest of the City of Calgary and 1.6 km (1.0 mi) north of the Town of Cochrane on the west side of Highway 22. Cochrane Lake gets its name from Senator Matthew Henry Cochrane who in 1881 founded the Cochrane Ranche (later known as the British-American Ranche) which was a major producer of beef.
Cochrane Lake is also currently the site of a housing development, managed by property developer Monterra.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Cochrane Lake had a population of 767 living in 240 of its 252 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 799. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
The population of Cochrane Lake according to the 2018 municipal census conducted by Rocky View County is 769. Rocky View County's 2013 municipal census counted a population of 792 in the Hamlet of Cochrane Lake, a 226% change from its 2006 municipal census population of 243.
See also
List of communities in Alberta
List of designated places in Alberta
List of hamlets in Alberta
References
Karamitsanis, Aphrodite (1992). Place Names of Alberta – Volume II, Southern Alberta, University of Calgary Press, Calgary, Alberta.
Read,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nottingham%20Arabidopsis%20Stock%20Centre
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The Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre (NASC) provides seed and information resources to the International Arabidopsis Genome Project and the wider research community. It is based in the School of Biosciences at the University of Nottingham's Sutton Bonington Campus, in the English county of Nottinghamshire.
It holds more than 800,000 different stocks of seed representing nearly a million genotypes and provided a Genechip service from 2002-2013. Newly generated research stocks, mutants or lines of Arabidopsis thaliana are donated as samples to NASC where they are maintained and thus are made available to scientists worldwide.
Established in 1990 as part of the Plant Molecular Biology initiative of the Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC), the Centre is currently funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and the University of Nottingham.
The Stock Centre was founded by Dr Bernard Mulligan; Directed from 1991 to 1999 by Dr Mary Anderson and from 1999–present by Prof. Sean Tobias May.
NASC's activities are coordinated with those of the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center, (ABRC) based at Ohio State University, USA. This facilitates a unified and efficient service for the research community.
The stock centres have a distribution agreement. NASC distributes to Europe and ABRC distributes to the Americas. Laboratories in other locations may establish their primary affiliation with either centre.
When NASC started in 1990 it in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PFIC
|
PFIC may refer to:
Passive foreign investment company, a classification of a foreign enterprise under US tax code
Pontifical Faculty of the Immaculate Conception
Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, a disease
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barite%20rose
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Barite rose may refer to:
Rose rock
Desert rose (crystal)
See also
Barite, a mineral
Rose (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc%20nitride
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Zinc nitride (Zn3N2) is an inorganic compound of zinc and nitrogen, usually obtained as (blue)grey crystals. It is a semiconductor. In pure form, it has the anti-bixbyite structure.
Chemical properties
Zinc nitride can be obtained by thermally decomposing zincamide (zinc diamine) in an anaerobic environment, at temperatures in excess of 200 °C. The by-product of the reaction is ammonia.
3Zn(NH2)2 → Zn3N2 + 4NH3
It can also be formed by heating zinc to 600 °C in a current of ammonia; the by-product is hydrogen gas.
3Zn + 2NH3 → Zn3N2 + 3H2 The decomposition of Zinc Nitride into the elements at the same temperature is a competing reaction. At 700 °C Zinc Nitride decomposes. It has also been made by producing an electric discharge between zinc electrodes in a nitrogen atmosphere. Thin films have been produced by chemical vapour deposition of Bis(bis(trimethylsilyl)amido]zinc with ammonia gas onto silica or ZnO coated alumina at 275 to 410 °C.
The crystal structure is anti-isomorphous with Manganese(III) oxide. (bixbyite). The heat of formation is c. per mol. It is a semiconductor with a reported bandgap of c. 3.2eV, however, a thin zinc nitride film prepared by electrolysis of molten salt mixture containing Li3N with a zinc electrode showed a band-gap of 1.01 eV.
Zinc nitride reacts violently with water to form ammonia and zinc oxide.
Zn3N2 + 3H2O → 3ZnO + 2NH3
Zinc nitride reacts with lithium (produced in an electrochemical cell) by insertion. The initial reaction is the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraselmis%20chui
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Tetraselmis chui is a marine unicellular alga.
External links
aem.asm.org Gene sequence and expression of an analog of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the alga Tetraselmis chui and detection of the encoded protein with anti-rat PCNA monoclonal antibody(pdf)
www.epopt.de An evaluation of the nutritional quality and nutrient uptake ability of Tetraselmis chui(pdf).
Chlorodendrophyceae
High lipid content microalgae
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athyriaceae
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The Athyriaceae (ladyferns and allies) are a family of terrestrial ferns in the order Polypodiales. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family is placed in the suborder Aspleniineae, and includes two genera. Alternatively, it may be treated as the subfamily Athyrioideae of a very broadly defined family Aspleniaceae. The family has with a cosmopolitan distribution.
Description
Species of the Athyriaceae are terrestrial or lithophytic, less commonly aquatic. They grow from various kinds of rhizome: short or long, creeping or erect, branched or not. The distribution and evolution of characters in the family is complex, and the genera have few constant features by which they can be identified. The sporangia have stalks two or three cells wide in the middle, and contain brown monolete spores.
Taxonomy
Earlier classifications
The family was first created by Arthur H.G. Alston in 1956. It has had a varied history. In 2014, Christenhusz and Chase submerged it as the subfamily Athyrioideae within the family Aspleniaceae, a status maintained by Plants of the World Online . The PPG I classification of 2016 restored it to family status.
Athyriaceae is a member of the eupolypods II clade (now the suborder Aspleniineae), in the order Polypodiales. It is related to other families in the clade as in the following cladogram:
The Athyriaceae in the past included Cystopteris and Gymnocarpium (now part of Dennstaedtiaceae). The family has been subsumed
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin%201%20beta
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Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) also known as leukocytic pyrogen, leukocytic endogenous mediator, mononuclear cell factor, lymphocyte activating factor and other names, is a cytokine protein that in humans is encoded by the IL1B gene. There are two genes for interleukin-1 (IL-1): IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta (this gene). IL-1β precursor is cleaved by cytosolic caspase 1 (interleukin 1 beta convertase) to form mature IL-1β.
Function
The fever-producing property of human leukocytic pyrogen (interleukin 1) was purified by Dinarello in 1977 with a specific activity of 10–20 nanograms/kg. In 1979, Dinarello reported that purified human leukocytic pyrogen was the same molecule that was described by Igal Gery in 1972. He named it lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF) because it was a lymphocyte mitogen. It was not until 1984 that interleukin 1 was discovered to consist of two distinct proteins, now called interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 beta.
IL-1β is a member of the interleukin 1 family of cytokines. This cytokine is produced by activated macrophages, monocytes, and a subset of dentritic cells known as slanDC, as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed to its active form by caspase 1 (CASP1/ICE). This cytokine is an important mediator of the inflammatory response, and is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2/COX2) by this cytokine in the central nervous system (CNS)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20NHL%20statistical%20leaders%20by%20country%20of%20birth
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This is a list of National Hockey League statistical leaders by country of birth, sorted by total points. The top ten players from each country are included. Statistics are current through the end of the 2022–23 NHL season and players currently playing in the National Hockey League are marked in boldface.
All players are listed by the current country of the players' birth location, regardless of their citizenship, where they were trained in hockey or what country they represented internationally.
Country
Canada
Czech Republic
Russia
Slovakia
Finland
United States
Sweden
Slovenia
United Kingdom
Ukraine
Serbia
Germany
Austria
France
Switzerland
Lithuania
Norway
Latvia
Denmark
Kazakhstan
Paraguay
Poland
Republic of China (Taiwan)
South Korea
Belarus
Netherlands
Brazil
Estonia
Brunei
Italy
Venezuela
Uzbekistan
Haiti
South Africa
Tanzania
Jamaica
Australia
Lebanon
Japan
Nigeria
Bulgaria
Indonesia
Belgium
Croatia
Bahamas
See also
List of NHL statistical leaders
List of countries with their first National Hockey League player
Notes
Almost all players on this list from Russia, Ukraine, Latvia, Lithuania, Kazakhstan, and Belarus were born in the Soviet Union – in the Russian SFSR, Ukrainian SSR, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, Kazakh SSR, and Byelorussian SSR respectively. The Soviet Union officially dissolved at the end of 1991. Many of these players have represented both the Soviet Union and their respective nation in international
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressin%20receptor
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The actions of vasopressin are mediated by stimulation of tissue-specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) called vasopressin receptors that are classified into the V1 (V1A), V2, and V3 (V1B) receptor subtypes. These three subtypes differ in localization, function and signal transduction mechanisms.
Subtypes
There are three subtypes of vasopressin receptor: V1A (V1), V1B (V3) and V2.
V1 receptor
V1 receptors (V1Rs) are found in high density on vascular smooth muscle and cause vasoconstriction by an increase in intracellular calcium via the phosphatidyl–inositol-bisphosphate cascade. Cardiac myocytes also possess V1R. Additionally V1R are located in brain, testis, superior cervical ganglion, liver, blood vessels, and renal medulla.
V1R is present on platelets, which upon stimulation induces an increase in intracellular calcium, facilitating thrombosis. Studies have indicated that due to polymorphism of platelet V1R there is significant heterogeneity in the aggregation response of normal human platelets to vasopressin.
V1Rs are found in kidney, where they occur in high density on medullary interstitial cells, vasa recta, and epithelial cells of the collecting duct. Vasopressin acts on medullary vasculature through V1R to reduce blood flow to inner medulla without affecting blood flow to outer medulla. V1Rs on the luminal membrane of the collecting duct limit the antidiuretic action of vasopressin. Additionally, vasopressin selectively contracts efferent arterioles prob
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20magnetic%20resonance%20quantum%20computer
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Nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computing (NMRQC) is one of the several proposed approaches for constructing a quantum computer, that uses the spin states of nuclei within molecules as qubits. The quantum states are probed through the nuclear magnetic resonances, allowing the system to be implemented as a variation of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NMR differs from other implementations of quantum computers in that it uses an ensemble of systems, in this case molecules, rather than a single pure state.
Initially the approach was to use the spin properties of atoms of particular molecules in a liquid sample as qubits - this is known as liquid state NMR (LSNMR). This approach has since been superseded by solid state NMR (SSNMR) as a means of quantum computation.
Liquid state NMR
The ideal picture of liquid state NMR (LSNMR) quantum information processing (QIP) is based on a molecule in which some of its atom's nuclei behave as spin-½ systems. Depending on which nuclei we are considering they will have different energy levels and different interaction with its neighbours and so we can treat them as distinguishable qubits. In this system we tend to consider the inter-atomic bonds as the source of interactions between qubits and exploit these spin-spin interactions to perform 2-qubit gates such as CNOTs that are necessary for universal quantum computation. In addition to the spin-spin interactions native to the molecule an external magnetic field can be applied (in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuzick%E2%80%93Edwards%20test
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In statistics, the Cuzick–Edwards test is a significance test whose aim is to detect the possible clustering of sub-populations within a clustered or non-uniformly-spread overall population. Possible applications of the test include examining the spatial clustering of childhood leukemia and lymphoma within the general population, given that the general population is spatially clustered.
The test is based on:
using control locations within the general population as the basis of a second or "control" sub-population in addition to the original "case" sub-population;
using "nearest-neighbour" analyses to form statistics based on either:
the number of other "cases" among the neighbours of each case;
the number "cases" which are nearer to each given case than the k-th nearest "control" for that case.
An example application of this test was to spatial clustering of leukaemias and lymphomas among young people in New Zealand.
See also
Clustering (demographics)
References
Further reading
Epidemiology
Medical statistics
Statistical tests
Spatial analysis
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiss%20Kasket
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The Kiss Kasket is an item of merchandise licensed by the rock band Kiss. It is a casket decorated with a Kiss logo and pictures of the band members. In introducing the Kiss Kasket, Gene Simmons said, "I love livin', but this makes the alternative look pretty damn good." The Kiss Kasket went on sale in 2001; as of 2008, it was no longer available from Kiss' website. As of February 2011, the second-generation models of the Kiss Kasket became available on Kiss's website.
Dimebag Darrell, the guitarist of Pantera and Damageplan, was buried in a Kiss Kasket donated by Simmons at Darrell’s funeral in 2004. His brother Vinnie Paul, the drummer of Pantera, Damageplan, and Hellyeah, was also buried in a Kiss Kasket at his funeral in 2018.
Reintroduction - second generation
On December 1, 2010, Kissonline.com announced a new licensing agreement between Kiss and Eternal Image Inc. (a public company engaged in the designing, manufacturing, and marketing of officially licensed memorial products) to design, manufacture, and market a limited-edition line of official KISS-branded memorial products. The line will reportedly include caskets, cremation urns, bronze memorials, memorial prayer cards, registry books, memorial candles, and pet cremation urns—-all designed after the famous rock band's iconic images.
Wrap Wizard, a division of Sign & Graphic Solutions, Inc. located in Newnan, Georgia produced the first mock-up of the New and improved Kiss Kasket for Gene Simmons of Kiss on Dece
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLANC
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PLANC (Programming LAnguage for Nd Computers, pronounced as plank) is a high-level programming language.
Compilers were developed by Norsk Data for several architectures, including the Motorola 68000, 88000, Intel x86, and the Norsk Data Nord-10 minicomputers and ND-500 superminicomputer.
The language was designed to be cross-platform software. It was mainly used internally at Norsk Data for writing high level systems software such as the upper parts of operating systems and compilers.
Basic structure
PLANC programs are structured into modules and routines.
A very simple example of a PLANC program is as follows:
MODULE mod
INTEGER ARRAY : stack (0:100)
PROGRAM : mprog
INTEGER : i, j,k, m
INISTACK stack
1 =: i
2 =: j
i+j =: k =: m
ENDROUTINE
ENDMODULE
A difference from popular programming languages is that the assignment operator evaluates from left to right: First it computes the value, and then stores it. Compile-time initialization of variables, in contrast, evaluates from right to left.
The assignment operator returns the stored value, so it can be stored multiple times: 5 =: a =: b would store 5 into both the A and B variables. It shares this direction with Plankalkül, ALGOL 60, Mary (another little known language developed in Norway), and the popular language C.
A related distinct syntactic feature is that a function can be defined to take as input the computed value of the expression on its left side. Also, a sin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOSP
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MOSP may refer to:
Mathematical Olympiad Summer Program, at Carnegie Mellon University, US
PTPMT1 or MOSP, a protein
DUSP23 or MOSP, an enzyme
Monmouth Off Street Project, of the Gwent Police; See Monmouth Police Station
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rearrangement
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Rearrangement may refer to:
Chemistry
Rearrangement reaction
Mathematics
Rearrangement inequality
The Riemann rearrangement theorem, also called the Riemann series theorem
see also Lévy–Steinitz theorem
A permutation of the terms of a conditionally convergent series
Genetics
Chromosomal rearrangements, such as:
Translocations
Ring chromosomes
Chromosomal inversions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheniite
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Rheniite is a very rare rhenium sulfide mineral with the chemical formula (). It forms metallic, silver grey platey crystals in the triclinic - pinacoidal class. It has a specific gravity of 7.5.
It was discovered at the Kudriavy Volcano, Iturup Island in the Kurile Islands, Russia and approved in 2004. It is found in active hot fumaroles on the volcano.
Rheniite is one of the first minerals of the element rhenium to be found. The other known approved rhenium mineral is the sulfide mineral tarkianite. Almost all commercially mined rhenium is retrieved as a by-product of molybdenum mining as rhenium occurs in amounts up to 0.2% in the mineral molybdenite. A discredited rhenium sulfide known as zappinite does not appear to be valid.
Rheniite has also been reported in the Pagoni Rachi Mo–Cu–Te–Ag–Au deposit in northeastern Greece where it occurs with molybdenite in quartz veins associated with an epithermal system in a dacite porphyry.
References
Mineral galleries
Sulfide minerals
Rhenium minerals
Triclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 2
Minerals described in 2005
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDKN
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WDKN (1260 AM) is a radio station operating in Dickson, Tennessee, on a frequency of 1260 kHz. It was formerly owned by Edmisson Communications, a local Dickson company. It is currently owned and operated by R & F Communications, also a local Dickson company.
WDKN broadcasts a 5,000–watt signal during daylight hours but is restricted by the Federal Communications Commission to 18 watts after dark so as not to interfere with out-of-market stations on the same frequency.
History
On New Years Day 1955, at 1 p.m. Central time, the first words ever to be spoken over the airwaves of WDKN were "This is Hal Smith beginning a history of broadcasting in Dickson, Tennessee....there was a baby born in Wisconsin this morning at 12:01 a.m., and in Dickson, Tennessee here at 1:00 p.m., January 1st 1955, a radio station was born."
WDKN's origins date back to the summer of 1954, when John Bailey of Clarksville found an available frequency and thought of Dickson. Bailey started looking for someone to take on the task of co-owning and running a radio station in Dickson on 1260 kHz. It turns out he didn't find anyone, but Bill Potts found him. Potts became majority owner in the now three-way partnership, which also included Mitchell Hayes.
WDKN's first studio location was on Main Street above the current downtown Bank of Dickson location. When Mr. Potts, who died in 2004, was asked about the station's philosophy in the early days, he replied "If it happened, we covered it." He also said the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why%20Me%3F%20%281990%20film%29
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Why Me? is a 1990 American caper comedy film directed by Gene Quintano and starring Christopher Lambert, Kim Greist, Christopher Lloyd, and J. T. Walsh. The screenplay is credited to Donald E. Westlake and Leonard Maas Jr. (a pseudonym of David Koepp), and is based on the fifth book in Westlake's series of John Dortmunder novels.
Plot
The Byzantine Fire, a sacred ruby on loan from Turkey to the United States for exhibition, no sooner arrives in Los Angeles than it is stolen by Eastern religious extremists and hidden inside the safe of a local jewelry store. When professional burglar and jewel thief Gus Cardinale (Christopher Lambert) breaks into the store and inadvertently steals the Byzantine Fire, he finds himself being chased around Los Angeles by the LAPD, the entire Los Angeles criminal element (whom the police have been mercilessly harassing in order to find the thief), two less-than-competent CIA agents, Turkish government agents and a not-too-tightly wrapped female Armenian terrorist. Now Gus, with the help of his wacky partner Bruno (Christopher Lloyd) and his girlfriend June (Kim Greist), must figure out a way to not only return the Byzantine Fire without getting caught but also stay alive long enough to do so and just maybe make a profit out of the whole deal.
Cast
Christopher Lambert as Gus Cardinale
Kim Greist as June Daley
Christopher Lloyd as Bruno Daley
J. T. Walsh as Chief Inspector Francis Mahoney
Gregory Millar as Leon
Wendel Meldrum as Gatou Vardeb
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20Good%20Deed
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No good deed goes unpunished (often shortened to No Good Deed) is a sardonic commentary on the frequency with which acts of kindness backfire on those who offer them.
No Good Deed may also refer to:
No Good Deed (2002 film), an American film by Bob Rafelson
No Good Deed (2014 film), an American film by Sam Miller
No Good Deed (2017 film), an American short film featuring Deadpool
No Good Deed (novel), by John Niven (2017)
"No Good Deed" (song), a 2003 song from the Broadway musical Wicked
"No Good Deed" (CSI: NY), a 2009 episode of CSI: New York
"No Good Deed" (Parenthood), a 2010 episode of Parenthood
"No Good Deed" (Person of Interest), an episode of the American television drama series Person of Interest
See also
Only the good die young (disambiguation)
Nice guys finish last
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamite%20roll
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A dynamite roll is a Makizushi type of Western-style sushi. It usually contains a piece of shrimp tempura, avocado, and cucumber. It can also include proteins like salmon, crab, tuna, hamachi/yellowtail, vegetables like radish sprouts or oshinko, and garnishes like masago/tobiko (fish roe). It is combined together with a sauce consisting of kewpie, Worcestershire, soy sauce, Sriracha or wasabi, and sometime garlic.
American fusion cuisine
Sushi in the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesium%20carbonate
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Caesium carbonate or cesium carbonate is a white crystalline solid compound. Caesium carbonate has a high solubility in polar solvents such as water, alcohol and DMF. Its solubility is higher in organic solvents compared to other carbonates like potassium and sodium carbonates, although it remains quite insoluble in other organic solvents such as toluene, p-xylene, and chlorobenzene. This compound is used in organic synthesis as a base. It also appears to have applications in energy conversion.
Preparation
Caesium carbonate can be prepared by thermal decomposition of caesium oxalate. Upon heating, caesium oxalate is converted to caesium carbonate with emission of carbon monoxide.
Cs2C2O4 → Cs2CO3 + CO
It can also be synthesized by reacting caesium hydroxide with carbon dioxide.
2 CsOH + CO2 → Cs2CO3 + H2O
Chemical reactions
Caesium carbonate facilitates the N-alkylation of compounds such as sulfonamides, amines, β-lactams, indoles, heterocyclic compounds, N-substituted aromatic imides, phthalimides, and other similar compounds. Research on these compounds has focused on their synthesis and biological activity. In the presence of sodium tetrachloroaurate (NaAuCl4), caesium carbonate is very efficient mechanism for aerobic oxidation of different kinds of alcohols into ketones and aldehydes at room temperature without additional polymeric compounds. There is no acid formation produced when primary alcohols are used. The process of selective oxidation of alcohols to carbony
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogarasu%20Maru
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The Kogarasu Maru (小烏丸), or "Little Crow Circle, is a unique Japanese tachi sword believed to have been created by legendary Japanese smith Amakuni during the 8th century AD.
Blade classification and history
Kissaki Moroha Zukuri (鋒両刃造) blades like the Kogarasu Maru are sometimes referred to as Kogarasu Zukuri (小烏造), since the blade of the Kogarasu Maru is shaped this way and is well known for its distinctive sugata. The Kogarasu Maru is unique as a bridge between the old double-edged Japanese ken (based on the Chinese jian) and the traditional Japanese tachi and eventual katana.
The Kogarasu Maru was designed with a curved double-edged blade approximately 62.8 cm long. One edge of the blade is shaped in normal tachi fashion, but unlike the tachi, the tip is symmetrical and both edges of the blade are sharp, except for about 20 cm of the trailing or concave edge nearest the hilt, which is rounded. A single koshi-hi (腰樋) style groove runs from the tang to the transition point where the blade becomes double-edged, and is invariably accompanied by a soe-hi (添樋). The hardening process yielded a straight temper line (sugaha hamon, 直刃刃文) on both sides of the blade.
The Kogarasu Maru is currently in the Japanese Imperial Collection. The tang of the Kogarasu Maru is not signed but the blade is believed to have been made in either the early Heian period or late Nara period, by the swordsmith Amakuni, who is said to have created the first curved Japanese sword and is believed to ha
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sybase%20Open%20Watcom%20Public%20License
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The Sybase Open Watcom Public Licence is a software license that has been approved by the Open Source Initiative. It is the licence under which the Open Watcom C/C++ compiler is released.
The license has not been accepted as "free" under the Debian Free Software Guidelines, due to the license's termination clauses.
The Free Software Foundation (FSF) has stated that the license is not "free" as it requires the source to be published when you "deploy" the software for private use only. In contrast, FSF's General Public License (GPL) does not require that modified source code has to be made public when the software modification was only used privately without a public release of the software. This makes the Watcom license also GPL incompatible and a stronger copyleft license than the GPL and even the AGPL.
The Fedora project also considers the license as non-free, citing the FSF argumentation.
History
Version 1.0 appears to have been written in 2002. It's publicly released no later than January 8, 2003, the date of the initial release of Open Watcom C/C++.
The draft of version 2.0 of the License was published on 20 January 2004. This version incorporated changes from Apple and made the licence less specific to OpenWatcom.
References
Further reading
Free and open-source software licenses
Copyleft software licenses
2004 in law
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melammu%20Project
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The Melammu Project investigates the continuity, transformation and diffusion of Mesopotamian and Ancient Near Eastern culture from the third millennium BCE through the ancient world until Islamic times. It does so by organizing conferences and by providing resources relevant to the project on its website.
History, purpose and organization
The Melammu Project was founded during its first conference in Helsinki, Finland, in 1998, as an offshoot of the Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project. Its purpose is to investigate the continuity, transformation and diffusion of Mesopotamian and Ancient Near Eastern culture from the third millennium BCE through the ancient world until Islamic times. It has two main activities: to organize conferences, and to provide resources relevant to the project on its website.
Melammu Symposia are held regularly and serve to promote interdisciplinary research and cross-cultural studies by providing a forum in which cultural continuity, diffusion and transformation in the ancient world can be assessed systematically on a long-term basis. The emphasis is on continued interchange of ideas between specialists in different disciplines, with the goal of gradually but steadily increasing the number of participants and thus breaking down the walls separating the individual disciplines. Although each symposium focuses on a different theme, since the primary purpose of the symposia is to encourage interdisciplinary cooperation per se, papers and posters not necess
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular%20compartment
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Cellular compartments in cell biology comprise all of the closed parts within the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell, usually surrounded by a single or double lipid layer membrane. These compartments are often, but not always, defined as membrane-bound organelles. The formation of cellular compartments is called compartmentalization.
Both organelles, the mitochondria and chloroplasts (in photosynthetic organisms), are compartments that are believed to be of endosymbiotic origin. Other compartments such as peroxisomes, lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, the cell nucleus or the Golgi apparatus are not of endosymbiotic origin. Smaller elements like vesicles, and sometimes even microtubules can also be counted as compartments.
It was thought that compartmentalization is not found in prokaryotic cells., but the discovery of carboxysomes and many other metabolosomes revealed that prokaryotic cells are capable of making compartmentalized structures, albeit these are in most cases not surrounded by a lipid bilayer, but of pure proteinaceous built.
Types
In general there are 4 main cellular compartments, they are:
The nuclear compartment comprising the nucleus
The intercisternal space which comprises the space between the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (which is continuous with the nuclear envelope)
Organelles (the mitochondrion in all eukaryotes and the plastid in phototrophic eukaryotes)
The cytosol
Function
Compartments have three main roles. One is to establish phy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf%20Barth
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Wolf Paul Barth (20 October 1942, Wernigerode – 30 December 2016, Nuremberg) was a German mathematician who discovered Barth surfaces and whose work on vector bundles has been important for the ADHM construction. Until 2011 Barth was working in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in Germany.
Barth received a PhD degree in 1967 from the University of Göttingen. His dissertation, written under the direction of Reinhold Remmert
and Hans Grauert, was entitled Einige Eigenschaften analytischer Mengen in kompakten komplexen Mannigfaltigkeiten (Some properties of analytic sets in compact, complex manifolds).
Publications
See also
Barth surfaces
Barth–Nieto quintic
References
External links
1942 births
2016 deaths
People from Wernigerode
20th-century German mathematicians
21st-century German mathematicians
Academic staff of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
Algebraic geometers
University of Göttingen alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Tools
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Crystal Tools is a game engine created and used internally by the Japanese company Square Enix. It combines standard libraries for elements such as graphics, sound and artificial intelligence while providing game developers with various authoring tools. The target systems of Crystal Tools are the PlayStation 3, the Xbox 360, Microsoft Windows and the Wii. This was decided with the intention of making cross-platform production more feasible. The idea for the engine sprang from Square Enix's desire to have a unified game development environment in order to effectively share the technology and know-how of the company's individual teams.
Crystal Tools entered development in August 2005 under the code name White Engine. It was intended for the PlayStation 3-exclusive role-playing game Final Fantasy XIII. The decision to expand Crystal Tools' compatibility to other game projects and systems marked the official project start for a company-wide engine. Development was carried out by the Research and Development Division headed by Taku Murata, which was specifically established for this purpose. As Square Enix's biggest project to date, the creation of Crystal Tools caused substantial problems in the simultaneous production of several flagship titles; various critics cited the engine as the primary cause of significant delays in the release of Final Fantasy XIII.
Features
Crystal Tools is a unified game engine by Japanese developer and publisher Square Enix that combines standard li
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Acetylglutamate%20synthase
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N-Acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS) is an enzyme that catalyses the production of N-acetylglutamate (NAG) from glutamate and acetyl-CoA.
Put simply NAGS catalyzes the following reaction:
acetyl-CoA + L-glutamate → CoA + N-acetyl-L-glutamate
NAGS, a member of the N-acetyltransferase family of enzymes, is present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, although its role and structure differ widely depending on the species. NAG can be used in the production of ornithine and arginine, two important amino acids, or as an allosteric cofactor for carbamoyl phosphate synthase (CPS1). In mammals, NAGS is expressed primarily in the liver and small intestine, and is localized to the mitochondrial matrix.
Biological function
Most prokaryotes (bacteria) and lower eukaryotes (fungus, green algae, plants, and so on) produce NAG through ornithine acetyltransferase (OAT), which is part of a ‘cyclic’ ornithine production pathway. NAGS is therefore used in a supportive role, replenishing NAG reserves as required. In some plants and bacteria, however, NAGS catalyzes the first step in a ‘linear’ arginine production pathway.
The protein sequences of NAGS between prokaryotes, lower eukaryotes and higher eukaryotes have shown a remarkable lack of similarity. Sequence identity between prokaryotic and eukaryotic NAGS is largely <30%, while sequence identity between lower and higher eukaryotes is ~20%.
Enzyme activity of NAGS is modulated by L-arginine, which acts as an inhibitor in plant and bacterial
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass%20Chain
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The Glass Chain or Crystal Chain sometimes known as the "Utopian Correspondence" () was a chain letter that took place between November 1919 and December 1920. It was a correspondence of architects that formed a basis of expressionist architecture in Germany. It was initiated by Bruno Taut.
Names, pen-names, and locations of participants
Bibliography
Sharp, Dennis (1966). Modern Architecture and Expressionism. George Braziller: New York.
Whyte, Iain Boyd ed. (1985). Crystal Chain Letters: Architectural Fantasies by Bruno Taut and His Circle. The MIT Press.
External links
Gläserne Kette, Sammlung im Hans-Scharoun-Archiv (in German), Academy of Arts, Berlin
Die gläserne Kette collection, Canadian Centre for Architecture, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (digitized items)
Expressionist architecture
Architecture groups
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stinespring%20dilation%20theorem
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In mathematics, Stinespring's dilation theorem, also called Stinespring's factorization theorem, named after W. Forrest Stinespring, is a result from operator theory that represents any completely positive map on a C*-algebra A as a composition of two completely positive maps each of which has a special form:
A *-representation of A on some auxiliary Hilbert space K followed by
An operator map of the form T ↦ V*TV.
Moreover, Stinespring's theorem is a structure theorem from a C*-algebra into the algebra of bounded operators on a Hilbert space. Completely positive maps are shown to be simple modifications of *-representations, or sometimes called *-homomorphisms.
Formulation
In the case of a unital C*-algebra, the result is as follows:
Theorem. Let A be a unital C*-algebra, H be a Hilbert space, and B(H) be the bounded operators on H. For every completely positive
there exists a Hilbert space K and a unital *-homomorphism
such that
where is a bounded operator. Furthermore, we have
Informally, one can say that every completely positive map can be "lifted" up to a map of the form .
The converse of the theorem is true trivially. So Stinespring's result classifies completely positive maps.
Sketch of proof
We now briefly sketch the proof. Let . For , define
and extend by semi-linearity to all of K. This is a Hermitian sesquilinear form because is compatible with the * operation. Complete positivity of is then used to show that this sesquilinear form is in fact po
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upland%20game%20bird
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Upland game bird is an American term which refers to non-water fowl game birds in groundcover-rich terrestrial ecosystems above wetlands and riparian zones (i.e. "uplands"), which are commonly hunted with gun dogs (pointing breeds, flushing spaniels and retrievers).
United States
As of 2013 the population of upland game birds such as pheasants had been falling in agricultural states such as Iowa where increased commodity prices for crops such as corn had resulted in reductions in game habitat in acreage set aside in the Conservation Reserve Program. A significant reduction in the number of hunters over the previous 20 years was also reported.
State laws
At least ten states have passed laws wherein there is a definition of "upland game" giving a list of species. These lists are not at all the same, and some of them contain non-avian species. These species are always listed by common name instead of by scientific name thus in some cases it is difficult to tell what actual species the law designates without other information. The following species appear on one or more state lists of "upland game."
List of game birds
American Crow
Band-Tailed Pigeon
Blue Grouse
Chukar Partridge
Dove
Dusky Grouse
Eurasian Collared-Dove
Gray Partridge
Greater Sage-Grouse
Grouse
Hungarian Partridge
Mourning Dove
Partridge
Pheasant
Pigeon
Ptarmigan
Quail
Ruffed Grouse
Sage Grouse
Sandhill Crane
Sharp-tailed grouse
Turkey
White-tailed ptarmigan
Wild Turkey
Woodcock
List
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African%20swine%20fever%20virus
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African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large, double-stranded DNA virus in the Asfarviridae family. It is the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF). The virus causes a hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates in domestic pigs; some isolates can cause death of animals as quickly as a week after infection. It persistently infects its natural hosts, warthogs, bushpigs, and soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros, which likely act as a vector, with no disease signs. It does not cause disease in humans. ASFV is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and exists in the wild through a cycle of infection between ticks and wild pigs, bushpigs, and warthogs. The disease was first described after European settlers brought pigs into areas endemic with ASFV, and as such, is an example of an emerging infectious disease.
ASFV replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells. It is the only virus with a double-stranded DNA genome known to be transmitted by arthropods.
Virology
ASFV is a large (175–215 nm), icosahedral, double-stranded DNA virus with a linear genome of 189 kilobases containing more than 180 genes. The number of genes differs slightly among different isolates of the virus. ASFV has similarities to the other large DNA viruses, e.g., poxvirus, iridovirus, and mimivirus. In common with other viral hemorrhagic fevers, the main target cells for replication are those of monocyte, macrophage lineage. Entry of the virus into the host cell is receptor-mediated, but the precise mechanism
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GATC
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GATC may refer to:
Girish and The Chronicles, Indian rock band.
Georgia Appalachian Trail Club
GATC Generic ATC
GATC (gene), a gene encoding Glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase, subunit C homolog (bacterial).
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20supercoil
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DNA supercoiling refers to the amount of twist in a particular DNA strand, which determines the amount of strain on it. A given strand may be "positively supercoiled" or "negatively supercoiled" (more or less tightly wound). The amount of a strand’s supercoiling affects a number of biological processes, such as compacting DNA and regulating access to the genetic code (which strongly affects DNA metabolism and possibly gene expression). Certain enzymes, such as topoisomerases, change the amount of DNA supercoiling to facilitate functions such as DNA replication and transcription. The amount of supercoiling in a given strand is described by a mathematical formula that compares it to a reference state known as "relaxed B-form" DNA.
Overview
In a "relaxed" double-helical segment of B-DNA, the two strands twist around the helical axis once every 10.4–10.5 base pairs of sequence. Adding or subtracting twists, as some enzymes do, imposes strain. If a DNA segment under twist strain is closed into a circle by joining its two ends, and then allowed to move freely, it takes on different shape, such as a figure-eight. This shape is referred to as a supercoil. (The noun form "supercoil" is often used when describing DNA topology.)
The DNA of most organisms is usually negatively supercoiled. It becomes temporarily positively supercoiled when it is being replicated or transcribed. These processes are inhibited (regulated) if it is not promptly relaxed. The simplest shape of a supercoil
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone%20decalcification
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Bone decalcification is the softening of bones due to the removal of calcium ions, and can be performed as a histological technique to study bones and extract DNA. This process also occurs naturally during bone development and growth, and when uninhibited, can cause diseases such as osteomalacia.
Histology
Since calcium-rich bones are exceedingly difficult to study, scientists use bone decalcification to make specimens available for their research. For example, bone decalcification has been used to examine cartilage and magnesium levels in order to understand bone decay. There are two categories of decalcifying agents for removing calcium ions: chelating agents and acids. The acids are further divided into weak (picric, acetic and formic acid) and strong acids (nitric and hydrochloric acid). The acids help produce a solution of calcium ions while the chelating agents take up the calcium ions. The most frequently used chelating agent is Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Decalcification is a lengthy procedure, as bone pieces have to be left in the decalcifying agent for days to weeks, depending on the size of the bone. There are numerous methods to test when bone decalcification is complete, such as X-ray examination, chemical analysis, and measurement of specimen flexibility. Decalcification is necessary to obtain soft sections of the bone using a microtome. Every thin section of the bone that is cut can be processed (see tissue processing) like any other soft tissue o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stil
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Stil or variant, may refer to:
Stil Island, Vlore County, Albania
André Stil (1921-2004), French writer
Didier Stil (born 1964), French bobsledder
STIL, SCL-interrupting locus protein
Stil FM 105.5, Călăraşi, Romania
Radio Stil (Belarus) 101.2, Minsk, Belarus
Stil, a hand in the Dutch card game Pandoer
See also
STII (disambiguation)
Still (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furin
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Furin is a protease, a proteolytic enzyme that in humans and other animals is encoded by the FURIN gene. Some proteins are inactive when they are first synthesized, and must have sections removed in order to become active. Furin cleaves these sections and activates the proteins. It was named furin because it was in the upstream region of an oncogene known as FES. The gene was known as FUR (FES Upstream Region) and therefore the protein was named furin. Furin is also known as PACE (Paired basic Amino acid Cleaving Enzyme). A member of family S8, furin is a subtilisin-like peptidase.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme that belongs to the subtilisin-like proprotein convertase family. The members of this family are proprotein convertases that process latent precursor proteins into their biologically active products. This encoded protein is a calcium-dependent serine endoprotease that can efficiently cleave precursor proteins at their paired basic amino acid processing sites. Some of its substrates are: proparathyroid hormone, transforming growth factor beta 1 precursor, proalbumin, pro-beta-secretase, membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase, beta subunit of pro-nerve growth factor and von Willebrand factor. A furin-like pro-protein convertase has been implicated in the processing of RGMc (also called hemojuvelin), a gene involved in a severe iron-overload disorder called juvenile hemochromatosis. Both the Ganz and Rotwein groups demonstrated that furin-like
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Robotics%20Challenge
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The National Robotics Challenge is an annual robotics competition in the United States, established in 1986, in which robot contestants compete in one or more of a number of different disciplines.
History
The National Robotics Challenge was originally known as the Society of Manufacturing Engineers Robotic Technology and Engineering Challenge (SME-RTEC). SME-RTEC was established in 1986, one of the oldest robotics contests in the United States, by Tom Meravi, Associate Professor from Northern Michigan University and James Hannemann, co-chairman of the event. The first edition of the competition had two work cells and two pick-and-place competitions, and over the next 15 years, Meravi and Hannemann oversaw the growth of the competition to 17 different contests by 2002. Hannemann died in July 2001, after which the SME announced, at the 2003 awards ceremony in Rochester, New York, that it would discontinue its sponsorship of the event.
Following this announcement, three educators from Marion, Ohio: Ed Goodwin, Ritch Ramey, and Tad Douce, took over the organization of the competition. The 2004 event was held at the Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Marion, with over 200 students participating from several states. The 2005 event grew in both participants and sponsors, and concluded with the addition of 2005 judge Brad Pottkotter, a teacher at Ridgedale High School, as a fourth committee member.
The 2006 National Robotics Challenge included 300 students from five middle schools, 27
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor%20product%20network
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A tensor product network, in artificial neural networks, is a network that exploits the properties of tensors to model associative concepts such as variable assignment. Orthonormal vectors are chosen to model the ideas (such as variable names and target assignments), and the tensor product of these vectors construct a network whose mathematical properties allow the user to easily extract the association from it.
See also
Neural network
Artificial neural networks
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate%20of%20Milwaukee
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Milwaukee has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfa), with four distinct seasons and wide variations in temperature and precipitation in short periods of time. The city's climate is also strongly influenced by nearby Lake Michigan, which creates two varying climates within the Milwaukee area. The Urban heat island effect also plays a role in the city's climate, insulating it from winter cold, but keeping it cooler in spring and summer.
Monthly normals and record temperatures
Temperatures
Milwaukee has a continental climate with wide variations in temperatures over short periods, especially in spring and autumn. The warmest month is July, when the average high temperature is 81 °F (27 °C), and the overnight low is 63 °F (17 °C). The coldest month is January, when the average high temperature is only 28 °F (-2 °C). Low temperatures in January average 16°F (-8°C).
The highest temperature ever recorded in Milwaukee is 105 °F (41 °C) on July 24, 1935 and the coldest temperature is -26 °F (-32 °C), on both January 17, 1982 and February 4, 1996. The former occasion is referred to as "Cold Sunday", because of the extreme cold felt in many locations in the United States on that day.
Precipitation
Milwaukee has varied precipitation throughout the year, in both type and amount. Although rain can fall all year round, it is rare during winter months. Snow falls from late November until early March, although snow can fall as early as late September or as late a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%20band
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The W band of the microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum ranges from 75 to 110 GHz, wavelength ≈2.7–4 mm. It sits above the U.S. IEEE-designated V band (40–75 GHz) in frequency, and overlaps the NATO designated M band (60–100 GHz). The W band is used for satellite communications, millimeter-wave radar research, military radar targeting and tracking applications, and some non-military applications.
Radar
A number of passive millimeter-wave cameras for concealed weapons detection operate at 94 GHz. A frequency around 77 GHz is used for automotive cruise control radar. The atmospheric radio window at 94 GHz is used for imaging millimeter-wave radar applications in astronomy, defense, and security applications.
Heat ray
Less-than-lethal weaponry exists that uses millimeter waves to heat a thin layer of human skin to an intolerable temperature so as to make the targeted person move away. A two-second burst of the 95 GHz focused beam heats the skin to a temperature of at a depth of . The United States Air Force and Marines are currently using this type of Active Denial System.
Communications
In terms of communications capability, W band offers high data rate throughput when used at high altitudes and in space. (The 71–76 GHz81–86 GHz segment of the W band is allocated by the International Telecommunication Union to satellite services.) Because of increasing spectrum and orbit congestion at lower frequencies, W-band satellite allocations are of increasing interest to com
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower%20Power
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Tower Power was the 1994 game for the FIRST Robotics Competition.
Field
The Playing Field was a carpeted regular dodecagon which measured across. The surface consists of a closed loop, low piled carpet. The perimeter of the field was defined by four-by-four boards. At the beginning of a match, there were 36 soccer balls (12 of each color: red, white or blue) arranged into 6 piles of 6 identical balls each. Each team was assigned a color and must collect only balls of their color during the game.
Robots
Each robot had to weigh no more than and fit, unconstrained, inside a cylinder that was tall. The robots used six motors which were powered by a MAW 23 volt battery.
Scoring
In each match, the three teams competed to place the 12 balls of their team color inside either the high goal, worth 3 points per ball, or the low goal, worth one point per ball. The winner was the team that had the highest total point value of soccer balls within the two goals at the end of the 2 minute match. In the case of a tie, the team with more balls in the upper goal won.
References
External links
1994 in robotics
FIRST Robotics Competition games
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramp%20%27n%20Roll
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Ramp n' Roll was the 1995 game for the FIRST Robotics Competition.
Field
The playing field is a carpeted modified T-shaped area. The goal area is made up of three ramps and two slopes leading to a square platform. In each match, three teams compete to put their own balls over a field goal.
Robots
Each robot had to weigh no more than and fit, unconstrained, inside a cylinder with a diameter of and a height of . The robots used two 12 volt Milwaukee drill motors, four Delco car seat motors, and two Textron pneumatic pumps which, through a customized remote control system, were powered by two 12 volt Milwaukee Drill batteries.
Scoring
Two points are scored to score a diameter ball over the goal and three points are awarded for passing a diameter ball through the field goal. In the case of a tie, the higher large ball in the goal area breaks the tie. If no balls are within the goal area, the large ball closest to the center of the top of the platform wins.
References
External links
1995 in robotics
FIRST Robotics Competition games
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexagon%20Havoc
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Hexagon Havoc was the 1996 game for the FIRST Robotics Competition. Seeding games of 1-on-1-on-1 were played double-elimination to determine the teams for the finals rounds. In the finals, robots played 1-on-1 in a best 2 out of 3.
Field
The playing field was a carpeted, hexagon-shaped area with a central goal. Around the perimeter of the field were three stations for the human players who assisted the remote controlled robots on the field to score points. There were twelve diameter balls and two diameter balls per team, color-coded by team. At the start of each match, all of the small balls and three of the large balls are on the playing field, while the other three large balls are located on the triangular corners of the central goal.
Robots
Each robot had to weigh no more than and fit unconstrained inside a cube. The robots used two 12 volt Milwaukee drill motors, four Delco car seat motors, and two Textron pneumatic pumps which were operated through a customized remote-control system.
Scoring
In two-minute matches, the three robots, with their human partners, scored points by placing the balls in the central goal. The balls were carried, pushed or thrown into the goal by the robots. The human players could score by throwing balls into the central goal, but were not allowed on the playing field as they were seat-belted down at their stations.
Points were awarded for balls located in the central goal at the conclusion of each two-minute match. Each small ball in or
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toroid%20Terror
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Toroid Terror was the 1997 game for the FIRST Robotics Competition. This was the first year that FRC had a regional event outside its origins in New Hampshire; in addition to Manchester, regionals were held in Chicago and New Brunswick, New Jersey, as well as the championship event at a complex set up in the Epcot parking lot. It was also the first year in which the scoring object was not a ball.
Field
The playing field is a carpeted, hexagon-shaped area with a central goal. Around the perimeter of the field are three stations for human players, who work with remote controlled robots on the field to score points. At the start of each match, each team has 3 colored inner tubes at their player station and six tubes on the field, located in stacks distributed evenly around the goal.
Robots
Each robot can weigh up to , and must start each match small enough to fit inside a 3' x 3' x 4' space. This had the disadvantage that robots couldn't fit through a standard doorway, and there were rumors of robots being assembled in a room, and when they tried to take it out to ship, it wouldn't fit through a door. The robots are powered by two Skil 12 volt rechargeable batteries and use motors from Skil, Delco, and Delphi Interior and Lighting, speed controllers from Tekin, pumps from McCord Winn Textron, air cylinders and valves from Numatics, Inc., and a programmable control system supplied by FIRST. Drivers use joysticks from CH Products and switches from Honeywell to remotely control
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladder%20Logic
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Ladder Logic was the game for the 1998 FIRST Robotics Competition.
Field
The playing field is a carpeted, hexagon-shaped area with an tall central goal. Three horizontal rail goals extend outward from the center. Each ball placed on the rail goals scores points and each ball in the center doubles the team's score. Around the perimeter of the field are three stations for human players, who work with remote controlled robots on the field to score points. At the start of each match, each team has 3 colored ball at their player station and three balls on the field, and three balls on the rails.
Robots
Each robot can weigh up to , and must start each match small enough to fit inside a 30" x 36" x 48" space. The robots are powered by two Skil 12 volt rechargeable batteries and use motors from Skil, Delco, and Delphi Interior and Lighting, speed controllers from Tekin, pumps from McCord Winn Textron, air cylinders and valves from Numatics, Inc., and a programmable control system supplied by FIRST. Drivers use joysticks from CH Products and switches from Honeywell to remotely control the robots via a radio link which uses RNet wireless modems from Motorola.
Scoring
In two-minute matches, the three robots and human players score points by putting rubber balls into the center goal and along the rails. The balls are color-coded to identify team ownership. Human players are not allowed onto the field, but they may handballs to the robots or throw balls directly into the center goal.
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