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"Don't Go Near the Water" is a song by American rock band the Beach Boys from their 1971 album Surf's Up. Written by Mike Love and Al Jardine, the song puts an ironic, ecological spin on the traditional Beach Boys beach- and surf- based songs: instead of enjoying surfing and other fun activities, this time the listener is advised to avoid the water for environmental reasons.
Background and recording
The song was recorded at the same session as "Long Promised Road" and "4th of July", both also recorded for Surf's Up. The lead vocals are by the song's composers, Love and Jardine. According to biographer Peter Ames Carlin, Brian Wilson contributed the dissonant piano part. However, in a 2007 interview, Wilson stated of the song, "Totally Alan’s trip. I was not part of that." Jardine spoke about the song in a 2021 interview:
Unused lyrics for the song mentioned the narrator's father in reference to the water: "I think it killed my dad".
Release
The song was the B-side of the "Surf's Up" single, released on November 8, 1971. It did not chart. Featured as an A-side in New Zealand, it peaked at #21 there. It was later released on November 2, 1981 as the B-side of the "Come Go with Me" single. The single charted at #18 in the U.S. but never charted in the UK.
Personnel
Credits from Craig Slowinski
The Beach Boys
Al Jardine - co-lead and backing vocals, tack piano, electric guitars (fed through a Moog), banjos
Bruce Johnston - backing vocals
Mike Love - lead and backing vocals
Brian Wilson - co-lead and backing vocals, harmonica, harmonium, Baldwin organ
Carl Wilson - backing vocals, electric lead guitar, tambourine; possible guiro
Session musicians
Daryl Dragon - grand piano, Moog synthesizer, electric rhythm guitar, bass guitar
Mike Kowalski - drums; possible guiro
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Don't Go Near the Water (The Beach Boys song)
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Fung may refer to:
Feng (surname), a Chinese surname that is Fung in Cantonese
Funj people, also spelled Fung
See also
Phung (disambiguation)
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Fung
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The Dartmouth Bridge is a steel girder bridge that spans the Mississippi River in Minneapolis between the Cedar-Riverside area and the University of Minnesota campus area. It carries I-94/US 12/US 52. It was built in 1964 and was designed by Parsons Brinckerhoff, Quade and Douglas. It is named for its proximity to Dartmouth Avenue SE, just north of the bridge.
The original span was an uninspired girder bridge design when compared to other Mississippi River bridges in the vicinity. However, the bridge carries more vehicles than any other bridge in the state (167,000 vehicles daily), on Interstate 94 between downtown Minneapolis and Saint Paul. The long, 148-ton box girders were fabricated in Gary, Indiana and transported up the Mississippi River by barge in October 1963.
The original span was completely demolished and rebuilt in the mid-1990s. The current span uses a steel I-beam construction supported by two bridge piers. Prior to August 2007, the bridge carried four lanes of traffic in each direction. One of these lanes on each side is used for an entrance/exit lane for Huron Boulevard (East Bank) and Riverside Avenue (West Bank). Following the I-35W Mississippi River bridge collapse, through traffic was detoured along a stretch of I-94 including this bridge before turning north on Minnesota State Highway 280. To support the extra traffic volume, the deck surface was repainted to temporarily carry five lanes in each direction including the auxiliary lanes. Due to favorable response, the additional lane was made permanent and currently remains in use.
See also
List of crossings of the Upper Mississippi River
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Dartmouth Bridge
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Ernest Neville Quinn (3 June 1926 – 24 July 1992) was an Australian politician, elected as a Labor Party member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for the western Sydney seat of Wentworthville.
Early life
Quinn was born in Lithgow into a coal mining family and was one of six children. He spent his early working life as a telecommunications technician.
Family life
Ernest Neville Quinn married Dorothy Margaret Kenny in 1951. They built their home in the heart of the Western suburbs of Sydney at Wentworthville. Dorothy bore three daughters, Margaret, Annette and Pauline.
Parliamentary career
Quinn was elected as member for Wentworthville at the age of 36. He held the seat for 26 years and was elected nine consecutive times in the period from 1962 until his retirement in 1988. Initially a member of the NSW Right-wing faction of the Labor Party, Quinn defected to the Left in 1978.
Quinn's parliamentary career was distinguished by a stint as Labor's shadow spokesperson for labour and industry as well as involvement in parliamentary committees on electoral funding and liquor trading and his work on the parliamentary superannuation scheme. He did not hold ministerial office and was briefly acting Chairman of Committees. Much of his parliamentary work was focussed on the needs of his electorate, which at the time of his initial election was an unsewered semi-rural area without one single set of traffic lights. The development and implementation of better infrastructure in the working-class area was the prime focus of Quinn's career. Memorials within the electorate include a plaque commemorating his dedication of Ringrose Public School, and the public reserve named "Ernie Quinn Village Green".
Quinn died in the Sydney suburb of Kogarah.
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Ernie Quinn
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Bhai Kanhaiya (1648–1718; also spelt as Bhai Ghanaiya), known as Khat Waro Bao and Khaatwala Baba in Sindh, born to Mata Sundari ji and father Sri Nathu Ram's home village Saudra district Sialkot now in Pakistan, was a Sikh of Guru Tegh Bahadur and was requested to establish the Sewapanthi or Addanshahi order of the Sikhs by Guru Gobind Singh. He was known for pouring water for all the wounded members of the battlefield no matter whether they were Sikhs or fighting against the Sikhs.
During his youth he also spent a lot of time in the company of Nanua Bairagi, who belonged to a Saini agriculture family and was also a disciple and comrade of last three Sikh gurus. Nanua Bairagi was a renowned poet-mystic of Punjab and he left a deep imprint on Bhai Kanhaiya's spiritual and humanitarian outlook in his formative years.
Biography
Bhai Kanhaiya was born in 1648 in the Dhamman Khatri community of Sodhara, to Mata Sundari ji and father Sri Nathu Ram's near Wazirabad in the Sialkot region (now in Pakistan), and his father was a wealthy broker. He was known to have a habit of giving to the poor from a very young age.
In his youth, Kanhaiya met a man named Nauna Bairagi, who was a Sikh of the 9th Sikh Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur. Their connection allowed Kanhaiya to meet the Guru, and he converted to Sikhism. Kanhaiya stayed and continued to serve the Sangat (community). Kanhaiya was assigned as Guru's water bearer and later in Langar (community kitchen). He also looked after Guru Sahib's steeds. After the death of the 9th Guru, the 10th Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, had ascended and Kanhaiya began to follow him. Kanhaiya was visiting Anandpur in May 1704 when the city was attacked by a combination of Rajput troops and their Mughal partners. Bhai Kanhaiya was frequently seen carrying a goatskin water pocket and serving water to anyone who was thirsty. He performed this sewa (magnanimous administration) with adoration. This irritated the Sikh warriors on the battlefield, who complained to the Guru. The Guru then asked Kanhaiya, "These Sikhs are saying that you go and feed water to the enemy and they recover". Kanhaiya replied, saying, "Yes, my Guru, what they say is true, however, there were no Mughals or Sikhs on the battlefield. All I saw were people."
The answer satisfied the Guru. He provided with Bhai Kanhaiya with medical aid, and later on his mission came to be known as the Sewa Panthi Sampradaye.
In Sindh
He was sent by the Guru to Sindh in-order to propagate the Sikh religion amongst the locals of the region. He is locally known as Khat Waro Bao or Khaatwala Baba in Sindh as he would preach whilst seated on a bed. The Khat Wari Darbar in Shikarpur is a Sindhi temple dedicated to him. After his passing, he was succeeded as head of the Sewapanthi sect by Bhai Sewa Ram. His successor would continue preaching and proselytizing Sikhism in Sindh.
SGPC under president Prof Kirpal Singh Badungar first time celebrated the birth anniversary of Bhai Kanhaiya ji on September 20, 2017. In this context, the Punjab government under chief minister Capt. Amrinder Singh too celebrated his birthday on September 20, 2017 as the Manav Sewa Diwas.
See also
Sevā
Sewapanthi
Nanua Bairagi, mentor of Bhai Kanhaiya
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Bhai Kanhaiya
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What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name "Susan Coolidge". It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old American girl, Katy Carr, and her family who live in the fictional lakeside Ohio town of Burnet in the 1860s. Katy is a tall untidy tomboy, forever getting into scrapes but wishing to be beautiful and beloved. When a terrible accident makes her an invalid, her illness and four-year recovery gradually teach her to be as good and kind as she has always wanted.
Two sequels follow Katy as she grows up: What Katy Did at School and What Katy Did Next. Two further sequels relating the adventures of Katy's younger siblings were also published—Clover and In the High Valley. There is also a short story about the Carr children, Curly Locks in a collection called Nine Little Goslings. The books were frequently reprinted and all are available online.
Coolidge modeled Katy on her own childhood self, and the other 'Little Carrs' on her brothers and sisters. The title is a play on the katydid, a family of insects – which explains the insects on the first-edition book cover.
Plot summary
12-year-old Katy Carr lives with her widowed father and her two brothers and three sisters in Burnet, a small Midwestern American town. Her father is a very busy doctor who works long hours; the children are mostly in the care of his sister Aunt Izzie, who is very particular and something of a scold. Bright, headstrong Katy can hardly avoid getting into mischief almost daily under these circumstances, but she is unfailingly remorseful afterward. She behaves somewhat kindly to the children and dreams of some day doing something "grand" with her life: painting famous pictures, saving the lives of drowning people, or leading a crusade on a white horse. She also wants to be "beautiful, of course, and good if I can." When her mother died four years earlier, she hoped Katy would be a little mother to her siblings: in practice, she is the kind of big sister who is sometimes impatient and cross with them but leads them into all sorts of exciting adventures.
When Cousin Helen, an invalid, comes to visit, Katy is so enchanted by her beauty and kindness that on the day of Helen's departure she resolves to model herself on Helen ever afterward. The very next day, however, Katy wakes in an ill humor, quarrels with her aunt and pushes her little sister so hard that she falls down half a dozen steps. Afterward, sulky and miserable, Katy decides to try out the new swing in the woodshed although Aunt Izzie has forbidden it. Had Aunt Izzie actually explained that the swing was unsafe because one of the staples supporting it had cracked, "all would have been right," but she believes that children should unquestioningly obey their elders. Katy swings as high as she can and then, as she tries to touch the roof with her toes, the staple gives way. She falls hard, bruising her spine.
The lively Katy is now bedridden and suffering terrible pain and bitterness. Her room is dark, dreary, and cluttered with medicine bottles; when her siblings try to comfort her, she drives them away. However, a visit from Cousin Helen shows her that she must either learn to make the best of her situation or risk losing her family's love. Helen tells Katy that she is now a student in the "School of Pain" where she will learn lessons in patience, cheerfulness, hopefulness, neatness, and making the best of things.
With Cousin Helen's help, Katy makes her room tidy and nice to visit and gradually all the children gravitate to it, coming in to see her whenever they can. She becomes the heart of the home, beloved by her family for her unfailing kindness and good cheer. After two years Aunt Izzie dies and Katy takes over the running of the household. At the end of four years, in a chapter called "At Last", she learns to walk again.
The book includes several poems that the characters wrote.
Characters
Katy Carr: the eldest of
the Carr children and the novel's protagonist. At the beginning of the book she is a twelve-year-old tomboy, who much prefers running around outdoors to quiet 'ladylike' pursuits, and so tears her clothes and is always untidy; however, she longs to be good.
Clover Carr: the second-eldest sister adores Katy and follows her in everything she does. Clover is pretty and clever with a cheerful disposition; she is described as loving everyone and is loved by everyone in return.
Elsie Carr: the third sister, an awkward child at the beginning of the book, too old to play with the 'babies' and too young to be included in Katy and Clover's games. She tries her hardest to join in, but is usually ignored. After Katy is injured Elsie proves very helpful and considerate, and she and Katy finally grow close.
Dorry Carr: a stolid boy and great eater, the fourth Carr is the eldest son. He develops a certain mechanical skill over time.
Johnnie Carr (short for Joanna): the fifth child, a tomboy. She and Dorry are close.
Phil Carr: the baby of the family, who is only four years old at the book's beginning.
Cecy Hall: a pretty and tidy girl, the daughter of a nearby neighbour and a good friend of the siblings.
Imogen Clark: a classmate of Katy and Clover; a silly, affected girl. Initially she enthralls Katy with her romantic imagination, but she proves dishonest and self-centered and, as her father predicted, Katy grows disillusioned with her.
Papa (Dr Philip Carr): the children's father, a very busy doctor who has been a single parent, firm but understanding, since his wife's death when Katy was eight.
Aunt Izzie: Papa's sister, an old-fashioned woman who raises the children after their mother dies. She is very particular and often scolds because she does not understand the children's ways, although she has a heart of gold.
Cousin Helen: Papa's niece; she cannot walk because of an accident years ago. Despite her suffering she is amusing, cheerful, and kind; just what Katy wants to be. After Katy's accident, Cousin Helen helps her adjust to her illness.
Themes
Susan Coolidge shared her publisher, Roberts Brothers, with Louisa May Alcott, and What Katy Did helped satisfy the demand for naturalistic novels about girlhood that followed the 1868 success of Little Women. Like Alcott, Coolidge heightened the realism of her novel by drawing on her own childhood memories.
What Katy Did also illustrates social shifts. First the novel depicts the treatment of serious injury in the 19th century. After her accident, young Katy is given much love and care; however, she is sad, confined to an upstairs room, and, although she has a wheelchair, she never goes further than her bedroom window. The possibility that she could leave her room is barely considered and no-one thinks of moving her to the ground floor. She copes by making herself and her room so pleasant that everyone comes to her. Early on, she goes out in a carriage, but finds the experience so painful that she never tries it again. Thereafter, she lives in her bedroom, makes the best of things and waits, hoping to outgrow her injury. There is no physical therapy – instead Katy is warned to avoid too much movement lest she "set herself back". Cousin Helen manages to travel a little, and even goes for a hydrotherapy water cure at one point, but it is made clear that she has no hope of ever walking again.
Extract
Adaptations
Two TV movies and a brief TV series have been based on What Katy Did. The most recent film (1999) starred Alison Pill as Katy, with Kevin Whately as Papa, Megan Follows as Cousin Helen, Michael Cera as Dorry, Bryn McAuley as Joanna, and Dean Stockwell as "Tramp". A 1972 UK movie adaptation, Katy, starred Clare Walker, and the 1962 eight-part TV series made in the UK, also called Katy, featured rising star Susan Hampshire in the title role.
In 2015, author Jacqueline Wilson wrote her novel Katy, which is a modern retelling of What Katy Did; in 2018, the Wilson novel was adapted into the CBBC TV series Katy. The August 2016 edition of Storytime featured a new illustrated adaptation with illustrations by Italian artist Marco Guadalupi.
Sequels
What Katy Did was followed by four sequels: What Katy Did at School in which Katy and Clover attend the fictional Hillsover School (set in Hanover, New Hampshire); What Katy Did Next, in which a new friend of Katy's takes her on a once-in-a-lifetime trip to Europe; Clover, in which Katy is married and Clover accompanies her brother Phil to Colorado after he falls ill; and In the High Valley, which shows the lives of a handful of young people living in the High Valley in Colorado, including Clover, Elsie and their husbands.
References in popular culture
"What Katie Did" is the name of a song by the Libertines that may have been inspired by the book. The lyrics refer to the characters, e.g. "Hurry up Mrs. Brown". The group Babyshambles later released a song entitled "What Katy Did Next". Both were written by Libertines and Babyshambles frontman Pete Doherty.
"What Kate Did" is the name of the ninth episode of season 2 of Lost.
"What Kate Does" is the name of the second episode of season 6 of Lost.
A character named Katy Carr appears in the first volume of Alan Moore's graphic novel The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen. As Katy beats a student at Ms Coote's school, the headmistress says she believes in the "School of Pain".
Idahoan songwriter Josh Ritter includes a reference to What Katy Did in his song "Monster Ballads" on his album The Animal Years.
In the movie Coffee and Cigarettes by Jim Jarmusch, a Steve Coogan fan says her name is Katy and he answers "What Katy did next".
The protagonist of Avi's The True Confessions of Charlotte Doyle introduces her own story by saying "This is no 'Story of a Bad Boy,' no 'What Katy Did,'" to indicate that she is not remorseful for her unladylike behavior.
Footnotes
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What Katy Did
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Sordes was a small pterosaur from the late Jurassic (Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian) Karabastau Svita of Kazakhstan.
This genus was named in 1971 by Aleksandr Grigorevich Sharov. The type species is Sordes pilosus. The genus name is Latin for "filth" or "scum"; but Sharov translates it as "", which means "devil" or "evil spirit", so the intended translation is "hairy devil" (the specific name is Latin for "hairy"; despite sordes being feminine, it has not yet been emended to pilosa).
Discovery
Sordes is based on the holotype PIN 2585/3, which consists of a crushed relatively complete skeleton on a slab. It was found in the 1960s at the foothills of the Karatau in Kazakhstan.
Sharov had already referred a paratype or second specimen: PIN 2470/1, again a fairly complete skeleton on a slab. By 2003 another six specimens had been discovered.
Description
Sordes had a 0.63 m (2 ft) wingspan. The wings were relatively short. Sordes had, according to Sharov and Unwin, wing membranes attached to the legs and a membrane between the legs. It had a short neck. It had a long tail, accounting for over half its length, with at the end an elongated vane.
Skull and dentition
It had a slender, not round, head with moderately long, pointed jaws. The skull was about 8 cm (3.2 in) long. Unlike many pterosaurs, it had no head crest. The teeth in the frontal half of the jaws are large and pointed to facilitate prey capture. The teeth beyond these in the rear half of the jaw are much smaller and more numerous than those at the front, suggesting that they were more for crushing. Together these two types of teeth indicate specialisation for prey that was difficult to catch yet required some effort to eat. Likely contenders are invertebrates with tougher exoskeletons, or amphibians that were slippery to catch and then required some crunching before they could be swallowed.
Pycnofibers
The fossil shows remains of the soft parts, such as membranes and hair-like filaments. This was the first unequivocal proof that pterosaurs had a layer of hair-like filaments covering their bodies, later named pycnofibres. The pycnofibres served as insulation, an indication the group was warm-blooded, and provided a streamlined flight profile. The pycnofibres are present in two main types: longer at the extreme part of the wing membrane and shorter near the body. In the 1990s, David Unwin argued that both types were essentially not hairs but reinforcing fibres of the flight membranes. Later he emphasized that "hair" in the form of pycnofibres was indeed present on the body, after the find of new specimens clearly showing this.
Classification
Sordes has been assigned to the family Rhamphorhynchidae. These were among the earliest of the pterosaurs, evolving in the late Triassic and surviving to the late Jurassic. According to Unwin, within Rhamphorhynchidae Sordes belonged to the Scaphognathinae. Other researchers however, such as Alexander Kellner and Lü Junchang, have produced cladistic analyses showing that Sordes was much more basal, and not a rhamphorhynchid.
See also
List of pterosaur genera
Timeline of pterosaur research
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Sordes
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Clair Armstrong Callan (March 29, 1920 – May 28, 2005) was an American Democratic Party politician.
Born in Odell, Nebraska, the grandson of Irish immigrants, Callan graduated from Nebraska State Teachers College, now known as Peru State College. He served as an officer in the United States Navy during World War II on a destroyer in the Pacific Theater.
He served on the Odell Village Board, Odell School Board, Gage County School Reorganization Board, Gage County Fair Board, and the Gage County Extension Board. He was chairman of both the Governor's Committee on State Government Reorganization Board and the Nebraska Power Review Board. He worked as a farmer, stockman, and in the hardware and farm supply business.
After losing his first race for Nebraska's 1st Congressional District in 1962 to incumbent Ralph Beermann, Callan was narrowly elected to the Eighty-ninth United States Congress in 1964, serving from January 3, 1965, to January 3, 1967. He was defeated for reelection to the Ninetieth United States Congress in 1966 by Robert Vernon Denney and lost a rematch to him in 1968. In 1970, when Denney decided not so seek reelection, Callan ran as an independent when he failed to receive the Democratic nomination, winning 26% in a three way race and finishing ahead of the Democratic nominee. He was Deputy Administrator of the Rural Electrification Administration from 1967 to 1968 and president of the Allied Industries International, Inc. and Agri-Tech in Nashville, Tennessee. He died on May 28, 2005, in Fairbury, Nebraska.
He was a member of the United Methodist Church, a member of the American Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars, the Freemasons, the Shriners, the Elks, the Odd Fellows and of the Optimist Club.
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Clair Armstrong Callan
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Pittsburgh Technology Center (PTC) is an office park located in the South Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. PTC, on the 48 acre site of a former Jones and Laughlin Steel Mill, is a hub of advanced academic and corporate technology research. More than 1,000 people work on site which has become an attractive location for knowledge workers in Pittsburgh's new economy. The center was budgeted at $56.8 million ($ today) during the summer of 1991. The total development cost, including public and private investment, exceeded $104 million. The Pittsburgh Life Sciences Greenhouse operates wet lab space in its Bridgeside Point I business incubator that has been responsible for assisting over 24 companies. The $46.5 million 150,000 Bridgeside Point II began construction in 2007.
PTC is considered to be one of the best examples of brownfield redevelopment in the United States.
History
The site that now contains the Pittsburgh Technology Center was originally occupied by the Pittsburgh and Boston Copper Smelting Works, later called C.G. Hussey and Company, in 1849 (Archeological Survey, 1989). Until the 1930s, there were still houses located along Second Avenue where the PTC is now located. The last company to have operations on the site was the Pittsburgh Works of the Jones and Laughlin Steel Corporation in 1979. This area was purchased by the Park Corporation in 1981, when J&L stopped their operations on the site. The Urban Redevelopment Authority of Pittsburgh (URA) then purchased the land from Park Corporation in 1983. The following is a list of other companies who have occupied the site in whole or in part before the Park Corporation purchased it. Many of these findings can be documented using Sanborn maps, which were maps created by the Sanborn Fire Insurance Company in order to record the facilities which they insured. Figures 1 through 5 are Sanborn maps of the facilities operated by these companies in the past on the PTC site.
Carnegie Mellon University won a highly competitive federal grant with RIDC assistance in November 1984 to build a Software Engineering Institute which kick started Pittsburgh's development as a technology hub, leading eventually to the investment in and creation of PTC.
Adjacent to PTC is the 178-acre redevelopment site - Hazelwood Green - the remainder of the former J&L / LTV steel mill site. Having begun 30 years after PTC, redevelopment of Hazelwood Green is still in its early stages; the first building on-site was occupied in Summer 2019.
Conditions and Infrastructure at the time of redevelopment
A concrete structural slab, which was once the foundation of the hot strip mill, exists below the ground surface of the PTC site. The slab has an average thickness of 11 inches, but it ranges from 6 to 34.75 inches. The slab was not demolished once construction began on the PTC. There were also structure and machine foundations that include pit, tunnel, and basement walls located below the surface. Before construction began on the PTC, the pits and tunnels were re-excavated to provide better support for the new structures being built (Archeological Survey, 1989).
Before construction began on the PTC, the site was cleared of all existing buildings except one, the former Soho Works galvanizing line and attached warehouse. This building was eventually occupied by Metaltech, Inc.
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Pittsburgh Technology Center
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Bost Motorsports is a former NASCAR Busch Series team. It was owned by Danny Bost and driven by a variety of drivers.
Danny Bost decided to enter in decided to enter NASCAR in 2002, becoming co-owner of the Busch Series team called PF2 Motorsports (owned by Fred Bickford and his wife Pamela, hence the team's name: P for Pamela, F for Fred). With Bost joining the team, the team was renamed DF2 Motorsports (with Danny's D replacing the P) and this was the team's name in the 2002 season. The team used derivatives of the number 498 (in a tribute to the car that Fred Bickford used when he was a driver). At the end of the season, Bickford left the team (and later recreated the PF2 Motorsports). As a result, for the 2003 season, the team was renamed Bost Motorsports as Danny Bost became the sole owner of the team and its number became 22.
In 2002 the team ran Nos. 4, 9, 34 and 94. Running the No. 34, Daniel Johnson started 35th but finished 40th due to oil pressure problems. Carl Edwards also made his Busch Series debut for Bost at Gateway, driving the No. 9 Waterloo Tool Storage Chevy to a 38th-place run after suffering valve problems.
Jeff Fuller began 2003 with the team, qualifying 41st and finishing 24th. Rookie Regan Smith then signed a contract to finish out the year with Bost, posting three top-twenty finishes. He skipped the Aaron's 312 as he did not obtain a license from NASCAR, with Tina Gordon driving to a tenth-place run instead. After the Winn-Dixie 250, Smith resigned from the then unsponsored ride. His best finish to that date had been a 15th at Texas, the only top-15 for the team that did not come at a superspeedway. Justin Ashburn, Wayne Edwards, Brian Tyler, Jeff Streeter, Dana White, Phil Bonifield, Bill Hoff, Blake Mallory, and Jerry Reary shared the ride for the rest of the season. Of these replacement drivers, the best finish would be a 23rd ar IRP by Tyler in a one-off race. They would fail to qualify twice in their singular season, at Charlotte and Rockingham.
After Reary failed to qualify for the penultimate Target House 200, the team disappeared and then shut down. Bost has not re-appeared in any capacity in NASCAR since this event either, nor has he maintained any presence online for racing or otherwise.
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Bost Motorsports
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Truvelo Combi is a speed camera manufactured by the South African company Truvelo Manufacturers (Pty) Ltd. It was approved in 1999.
Background
The Truvelo camera is usually a front-facing camera (it can also be rear-facing) taking pictures using a flash gun fitted with a magenta filter (the driver is less likely to be dazzled by the flash light). The reflected light provides the film with the correct exposure resulting in a clear picture of the driver committing the offence (considered as incriminating evidence).
Piezo-electric road strips, a known distance apart (1.53 cm from 1 - 3, 2 - 4) are set into the road in front of the camera, and the time between compressions is measured using an impededance converter and two clocks in the camera to give the resulting speed of the vehicle. The system takes a single photograph (front-facing only, two for rear photography) and uses the time from the clocks to calculate the resulting speed. The photograph of the offending vehicle will show its front tyres on the three narrowly spaced white lines across the carriageway (known as a Secondary Speed Check Lines), the middle line is 1.8 m from the last sensor, the first and third are 18 cm either side of the middle line = 10% which are present at all Truvelo installations. This is to identify the offending vehicle when it is travelling alongside a non-offending one.
For front-facing photography there are two sets of Piezo sensors that are linked as 1 - 3 and 2 - 4 in the road for Truvelo camera, both taking independent readings, if the two do not match (±2 mph) the offence is discarded.
Photographic evidence
In the United Kingdom, the single incriminating photograph will not be sent unless the car owner asks for it – a Home Office ruling aimed at avoiding embarrassing situations if a driver is photographed with someone they would prefer not to be seen with. Not all Safety Camera Partnerships will disclose picture evidence. Some will only issue copies of the original photos once a summons for court has been issued, and there is a need to comply with disclosure rules.
See also
d-cam
Gatso
Safety Camera Partnership
SPECS (speed camera)
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Truvelo Combi
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Daniel J. Sandin (born 1942) is an American video and computer graphics artist, designer and researcher. He is a Professor Emeritus of the School of Art & Design at University of Illinois at Chicago, and co-director of the Electronic Visualization Laboratory (EVL) at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He is an internationally recognized pioneer in computer graphics, electronic art and visualization.
Biography
Dan Sandin received his B.A. in Natural Sciences from Shimer College in 1964 and his M.S. in Physics from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1967. He became interested in video in 1967, while helping to organize student demonstrations at the University of Illinois. In 1969, he joined as a teacher at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), in order to bring technology into the arts program. This was shortly after his presentation of "Glowflow", a computer controlled light and sound system, created with Myron Krueger, Jerry Erdman, and Richard Venezky. By 1972, Thomas A. DeFanti joined UIC and together with Sandin they founded the Circle Graphics Habitat, now known as the Electronic Visualization Laboratory (EVL).
In 2018 Sandin's work, the Sandin Image Processor and the Sayre Glove, was included in the Chicago New Media 1973-1992 exhibition, curated by jonCates. He also gave a demonstration of Particle Dreams in Spherical Harmonics in the CAVE 2 system, and was part of the symposium both of which were connected to the exhibition as a series of events.
His major achievements were working on a series of projects including: Glowflow (1969), Sandin Image Processor (IP) (1971–1973), Sayre Glove (1977), PHSColograms (1988), CAVE (1992) and ImmersaDesk and Infinity Wall.
Awards
Dan Sandin received several awards including: the Guggenheim Fellowships awarded for video and sound in 1978, the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) for video art (with Stevenson Palfi) in 1981, the Rockefeller Foundation's Video Fellowship in 1981, the Inventor of the Year award from the University of Illinois in 2000, and the Rockefeller Foundation's Film, Video and Multimedia Fellowship in 2002 for "Looking for Water 2," a virtual-reality, 3-D installation.
Work
Dan Sandin has said that his career has three main objectives:
the design of electronic instruments and computer programs for visual performance and personal growth;
the development of educational facilities and programs related to the use of electronic screens; and
the production and exhibition of computer processed visual works for personal expressive reasons.
Sandin Image Processor
From 1971 to 1973, he designed the Sandin Image Processor, a patch programmable analog computer for real-time manipulation of video inputs through the control of the grey level information. His friend and neighbor Phil Morton helped with the early schematic plans diagram which they shared in a manual called the Distribution Religion. Sandin demoed his Image Processor in a recorded live video “5 Minute Romp Through the IP” (1973). This modular design was based on the Moog synthesizer. With Tom DeFanti, he would combine it with real-time computer graphics and synthesized music and perform visual concerts. He has performed worldwide and has received grants in support of his work from the Rockefeller Foundation (1981), the National Science Foundation, the National Endowment for the Arts (1980) and the Guggenheim Foundation (1978). His piece "Spiral PTL" was one of the first pieces included in the Museum of Modern Art's video art collection.
The Sayre Glove
In 1977, with Tom DeFanti and Rich Sayre, he designed the Sayre Glove, the first data glove, as part of a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts. This device used light based sensors with flexible tubes with a light source at one end and a photocell at the other. As the fingers were bent, the amount of light that hit the photocells varied, thus providing a measure of finger flexion. It was mainly used to manipulate sliders, but was lightweight and inexpensive.
PHSColograms
By 1988, Sandin was working on a type of digital photography called PHSColograms; a system whereby a number of still images were situated in an autostereoscopic manner and back-projected with light. The effect was very similar to holograms and many times viewers would mistake them as such. The initial system supported roughly 13 images but further improvements now could easily allow 100 such images to be used. This system was designed primarily for use in the medical field where these quasi-3D images could benefit surgeons.
Cave Automatic Virtual Environment
The first CAVE was invented by Carolina Cruz-Neira, Daniel J. Sandin, and Thomas A. DeFanti in 1992. This is an immersive system that became the standard for rear projection-based virtual reality systems. The normal full system consists of projections screens along the front, side and floor axes, and a tracking system for the "user". Although they used the recursive acronym Cave Automatic Virtual Environment for the CAVE system, the name also refers to Plato's "Republic" and "The Allegory of the Cave" where he explored the concepts of reality and human perception.
Since then there have been a couple offshoots of the CAVE technology, including ImmersaDesk, Infinity Wall and Oblong Industries' G-speak system. The ImmersaDesk is a semi-immersive system, resembling a drafting table, while the Infinity Wall is designed to cater to an entire room of people, such as a conference room. Extending this concept, G-speak supports gestural input from multiple-users and multiple-devices on and expandable array of monitors.
Works
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Daniel J. Sandin
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Kieron Dwyer (born March 6, 1967) is an American comics artist. He is best known for his work for Marvel Comics and DC Comics as well as for his creator-owned projects.
Biography
During his career, Dwyer has worked on such comic book titles as Captain America (1987–1990), Danger Unlimited (on the "Torch of Liberty" story) (1994), Action Comics (1995–1996), The Avengers vol. 3 (2001–2003), and his creator-owned series, LCD: Lowest Comic Denominator.
Dwyer's first published comics work was the story "The Ghost of Masahiko Tahara" in Batman #413 (Nov. 1987) and he was soon offered the pencilling duties on the monthly Captain America title at Marvel, which he drew for nearly two years during the storyline when John Walker (formerly Super-patriot) was given the mantle of Captain America while Steve Rogers took on the costume and identity of "The Captain." With Steve Rogers reinstated as the official Captain America in issue 350, Dwyer continued pencilling the title through "The Bloodstone Hunt" storyarc as well as the "Acts of Vengeance" crossover issues. Following his run on Captain America, Dwyer collaborated with writer Peter Milligan on the "Dark Knight, Dark City" storyarc in Batman #452–454 (Aug.–Sept. 1990). Dwyer was one of the many artists who contributed to the Superman: The Wedding Album one-shot in 1996 wherein the title character married Lois Lane.
Starbucks sued Dwyer in 2000 for parodying their famous siren logo on the first cover of LCD, as well as selling the image on T-shirts and stickers. With assistance from the Comic Book Legal Defense Fund, the two parties settled the case out of court. The settlement established that the image was protected speech, citing the "parody" exception in Constitutional law; however, Dwyer is no longer allowed to use the image for financial gain because of its "confusing similarity" to the original material.
LCD: Lowest Comic Denominator had two "ashcan" editions, #1 (1997) and #2 (1998), before coming out with full comic versions starting in 1999 later with #0 (a second printing was later issued with pieces removed due to the Starbucks legal action), 1, 2, and 3. A trade paperback collection of all 4 issues is being published by Image Comics, available July 2020.
Dwyer has collaborated with Rick Remender on a number of titles, including XXXombies (the first in a planned line of horror comics Crawl Space), Sea of Red and Night Mary.
As of July 2020, Dwyer has three new books published by Image Comics: Unpresidented, a collection of Dwyer's political cartoons (currently available); Last of the Independents, a hardcover reprint of the original graphic novel written by Matt Fraction (currently available); and the aforementioned LCD: Lowest Comic Denominator trade paperback collection (currently on hold).
Personal life
Kieron Dwyer was born in 1967 in Chicago, Illinois. His father William M. Dwyer and mother Andrea Braun were both actors in Chicago theater and TV ads. Several years after his parents divorced, Dwyer's mother met and married comics creator John Byrne (with whom Dwyer collaborated on the "Torch of Liberty" backups in Danger Unlimited, as well as a one-shot special). Byrne became Dwyer's stepfather when Kieron was 13 and Byrne encouraged Dwyer's aspirations to be a cartoonist and assisted in landing Dwyer's first professional job drawing Batman #413 (Nov. 1987). Braun and Byrne would go on to be divorced, but Dwyer's love of art would continue to grow and flourish.
Dwyer and his wife, Birch, have one child, son Liam, who continues in his father's footsteps as he loves to draw.
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Kieron Dwyer
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Celebrate! is the twelfth studio album by American band Kool & the Gang. Released on September 29, 1980, the album reached No. 1 on the US R&B chart and #10 on the Billboard 200. The album produced perhaps Kool & the Gang's most recognizable hit song, the #1 chart-topper, "Celebration", which still receives heavy play today over four decades later.
Critical reception
Dennis Hunt of the Los Angeles Times called Celebrate! "the band's mostly excellent new album." Robert Christgau of The Village Voice gave a C− grade saying "It says something for these funk pioneers that unlike James Brown, George Clinton, and the Ohio Players they've adapted painlessly, nay profitably, to disco: a number-one single leads their Deodato-produced album into the top ten. What it says is that their funk was as bland as you suspected." Amy Hanson of AllMusic found that "Celebrate itself marked the end of an era for Kool & the Gang, as the band would slip even farther from their funk roots and adopted dance grooves into the realms of smooth soul. But what a way to go!" Philip Hall of Record Mirror gave a 3 out of 5 star rating, saying "Kool's Gang play penthouse-suite disco music. Every song gives off an air of easy affluence. There's no soul sound on this album just plenty of precise modern dance music. Though I admire Kool 8 The Gang for the way they effortlessly create light and airy dance rhythms, the overall feel of the album left me feeling untouched. This is highly efficient, automated disco music designed to keep the night clubbers of the world happy."
Track listing
Personnel
Bass – Robert "Kool" Bell
Lead guitar – Charles Smith
Keyboards, saxophone, backing vocals – Ronald Bell
Drums, percussion, backing vocals – George Brown
Lead and backing vocals – James "J.T." Taylor
Alto saxophone – Dennis Thomas
Trumpet, backing vocals – Robert Mickens
Keyboards, backing vocals – Earl Toon, Jr.
Keyboards – Kevin Bell
Additional keyboards – Adam Epolito
Backing vocals – Cedric Toon, Meekaeel Muhammad, Robert Bell, Coffee, Something Sweet
Orchestra arranged and conducted by – Eumir Deodato
Production
Recording engineer – Jim Bonnefond
Assistant engineers – Bobby Cohen, Clif Hodsdon, Jeff Kawalex, Joe DeAngelis, Jullian Robertson, Kenny Robb
Mixed by – Eumir Deodato, Jim Bonnefond, Gabe Vigorito
Mastered by – Tom Coyne
Producer – Eumir Deodato
Associate producer – Kool & The Gang
CD Mastering - Joe Gastwirt
CD Remastering - Joe Gastwirt
Certifications
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Celebrate!
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Rip Rig + Panic was an English post-punk band founded in 1980 and disbanded in 1983. The band was named after the 1965 jazz album of the same name by Roland Kirk. It was formed by Sean Oliver (bass), Mark Springer (piano, sax, vocals), Gareth Sager (guitar, sax, keyboards, vocals) and Bruce Smith (drums, percussion)— the latter two formerly of The Pop Group) — with singer Neneh Cherry. Other members included saxophonist Flash (David Wright), singer Andi Oliver, trumpeter David De Fries, and viola-player Sarah Sarhandi.
The group used the post-punk Pop Group sound as a stepping off point, mixing avant-garde elements with jazz and led by Cherry's innovative pop/soul singing style. Its second album, I Am Cold, included a number of tracks featuring jazz trumpeter Don Cherry (Neneh Cherry's stepfather). They also appeared with Nico on a BBC Radio session.
History
Rip Rig + Panic was formed in 1980 by drummer Bruce Smith, guitarist and saxophonist Gareth Sager and pianist Mark Springer following the dissolution of Smith and Sager's previous band, The Pop Group, with which Springer had performed live. The group chose to explore free jazz and reggae and to eschew The Pop Group's political lyrics. After vocalist Neneh Cherry and bassist Sean Oliver joined, the group released the single "Go! Go! Go! This Is It"/"The Ultimate in Fun (Is Going to the Disco with My Baby)" on 13 August 1981, prompting Gavin Martin of NME to write "Rip Rig and Panic tread a fine line between undisciplined wasted and ingenious commercial aplomb."
The band's debut album, God, was released on 3 September 1981 by Virgin Records. It fused free jazz and free improvisation with post-punk, funk and reggae music. The group received high marks from NME for virtuoso playing and esoteric sense of humour, a reviewer calling it "an act of faith in tumult." The single "Bob Hope Takes Risks" followed on 27 November. For their second album, I Am Cold, the band adopted a more commercial approach while further embracing jazz and world music influences. The album was recorded with the help of vocalist Andi Oliver and jazz trumpeter Don Cherry. The band made a guest appearance in an episode of the British sitcom The Young Ones performing their 1982 single "You're My Kind of Climate". 1983's Attitude was the band's final album, supported by the singles "Beat the Beast" and "Do the Tightrope".
Aftermath
Most members of Rip Rig and Panic (without Springer) became Float Up CP in 1984 and released a single, "Joy's Address", and the album Kill Me in the Morning, but amicably dissolved shortly thereafter; Neneh Cherry and Bruce Smith then formed the even shorter-lived God Mother & Country in 1985. Cherry commented on the group's end in an interview with Spin: "Everyone needed to go and do their own thing. I don’t remember us splitting up, but there was an overspill into another overspill."
The band's members continued their involvement in music. Mark Springer began to record as a solo artist, debuting with Piano in 1984, followed by many other solo and collaborative projects (including an album, Swans and Turtles, with Sarah Sarhandi) and developing his own record label, Exit. Sean Oliver became a session musician for Terence Trent D'Arby, co-writing his 1987 hit "Wishing Well". He died in 1990 of sickle cell anaemia aged 27. In 2010, Sager and Smith reformed The Pop Group and began touring and recording again. Andi Oliver is currently a chef, television and radio personality in the UK.
Discography
1981: God
1982: I Am Cold
1983: Attitude
1985: Kill Me in the Morning (as Float Up CP)
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Rip Rig + Panic
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The Road to Guantánamo, alternatively The Road to Guantanamo, is a British 2006 docudrama film written and directed by Michael Winterbottom and Mat Whitecross about the incarceration of three British citizens (the 'Tipton Three'), who were captured in 2001 in Afghanistan and detained by the United States there and for more than two years at the detainment camp in Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, Cuba. It premiered at the Berlinale on 14 February 2006, and was first shown in the UK on Channel 4 on 9 March 2006. The following day it was the first film to be released simultaneously in cinemas, on DVD, and on the Internet.
The film was generally well received: Michael Winterbottom and Mat Whitecross won the Silver Bear for Best Director at the 56th Berlin International Film Festival, and the film won the Independent Spirit Award for Best Documentary Feature at the Sundance Film Festival. The Times criticised Winterbottom for accepting the men's stated reasons for going to Afghanistan at a time of danger after the 9/11 attacks in the United States, as it was known as al-Qaeda and Taliban territory.
Synopsis
The film portrays the accounts of Ruhal Ahmed, Asif Iqbal and Shafiq Rasul (the 'Tipton Three'); three young British men from Tipton in the West Midlands, who are of Pakistani and Bangladeshi ancestry. It features both actors and portrayals of actions, historical footage, and interviews with the three men.
They travelled to Pakistan in September 2001, just days after the September 11 terrorist attacks in the U.S., to attend a wedding of a friend of theirs. While staying at a mosque in Karachi, the three decided to take a trip to Afghanistan to see first-hand what was happening in the region.
Mixed with interviews with the three men, and archive news footage from the period, the film portrays a dramatic account with actors of the three men's experiences: from their travels into Afghanistan to their capture and imprisonment.
Travelling by van, Ruhal, Asif, and Shafiq, with two other friends, crossed the border in October 2001 just as US warplanes began attacking Taliban positions all over the country. They made it to Kandahar without incident, and later to the capital city of Kabul a few days later. After nearly a month of "lingering" aimlessly around Kabul, the Tipton Three decided to return to Pakistan. But through a combination of bad luck and the increasing chaos, the friends took the wrong bus, which travelled further into Afghanistan towards the north and the front-line fighting between the Taliban and the Northern Alliance rebels. The convoy of vehicles they were riding in was hit by an airstrike, and they were left wandering around the unfamiliar country. In mid-November, near the town of Baghlan, the three came across a group of Taliban fighters and asked to be taken to Pakistan. Shortly afterward, all of the men were captured by Northern Alliance soldiers.
Imprisoned at a base at Mazar-e Sharif, the three were interrogated and discovered to be British citizens. As they had no luggage, money, passports or any kind of identification to support their stories, Ruhal, Asif, and Shafiq were transferred to the United States military. They were imprisoned in a US army stockade for a month with other prisoners, being regularly interrogated and occasionally beaten by US soldiers.
In January 2002, the 'Tipton Three' were declared "enemy combatants" by the US military, and flown with dozens of other alleged Taliban and al-Qaeda fighters to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, where they were held for the next two years. They were held in mostly solitary confinement without charge or legal representation.
The film portrays several scenes depicting beatings during interrogation, the use of torture techniques such as stress positions, and attempts by the US Army to extract forced confessions of involvement with al-Qaeda and the Taliban. The isolation continued in Camp X-Ray and another camp. During two years they were subjected to more questioning by US Army and Central Intelligence Agency interrogators.
In one incident, one US army guard at Camp X-Ray desecrated one prisoner's Qur'an by throwing it to the ground to incite a reaction from the rest of the prisoners. Ruhal witnessed a group of US soldiers severely beat up an unruly and mentally ill Arab prisoner for not obeying their orders. When Ruhal shouts out that the beatings violate the Geneva Conventions, the guards laugh and say those laws do not apply to enemy combatants.
In 2004, the Tipton Three were released without charge. They were flown back to England where, one year later, they returned to Pakistan for the wedding they had planned to attend in the first place. (It had been postponed.)
Cast
Riz Ahmed – Shafiq
Farhad Harun – Ruhel
Afran Usman – Asif Iqbal
Mark Holden – Kandahar Interrogator #2
Production
The torture depicted in the film had to be reduced from that claimed by the detainees for the benefit of the actors; according to the actor Riz Ahmed, they were unable to bear the pain and had the shackles on their legs cushioned. They were also unable to remain in the stress positions depicted for more than an hour. The Tipton Three claim to have been left in such positions for up to eight hours.
Filming took place in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran, which doubled as Cuba. Mat Whitecross is credited as co-director. He handled most of the interviews with the Tipton Three, the three British citizens who are featured as characters in the film.
Release
The original poster made to promote the film in the United States (shown right) was refused by the Motion Picture Association of America. They said the burlap sack over the detainee's head was considered to be depicting torture, and inappropriate for young children to see. Howard Cohen of the US-distributors Roadside Attractions condemned this as "inconsistent" when compared to the MPAA-approved posters for contemporary horror films such as Hard Candy or Hostel. The final version of the poster showed just the detainee's manacled hands.
The film premiered at the 56th Berlin International Film Festival on 14 February 2006. It was broadcast to the UK on Channel 4 on 9 March, attracting 1.6 million viewers, and released on DVD and the Internet the following day. Roadside Attractions, an independent distributor, bought the rights to show the film in the United States in late March.
Iranian authorities asked the film's distributor to release the film in Iran, which was unusual for a Western picture. According to the distributor's president, it ordered four prints instead of the usual one and offered three times the normal amount for fees. As of late April 2006, the film was awaiting official approval; it was expected to be released in late May.
Reception
The film received generally positive reviews, garnering an 86% positive rating at Rotten Tomatoes. Michael Winterbottom won the Silver Bear for Best Director at the 56th Berlin International Film Festival.
Commentators have criticised Winterbottom for not questioning the decision of the Tipton Three to enter Afghanistan in the first place; a review in The Times (which gave the film 3 out of 5 stars) refers to this perceived lapse as
an insane lack of cool perspective...The sheer stupidity of these Brits mocks the sincerity of the film. Winterbottom refuses to ask the bleeding obvious. His unquestioning faith in his 'cast' is bewildering.
The portrayal of human rights abuses at Guantanamo Bay highlighted widespread criticism of the prison and detention already made by activist organisations and politicians. Amnesty International had referred to the prison as "the gulag of our times". World leaders have criticised the US for maintaining the prison; German Chancellor Angela Merkel said, "An institution like Guantánamo in its present form cannot and must not exist in the long term".
Actors detained
Four of the actors in the film were detained for about an hour by police at London Luton Airport after returning from the film's premiere in Berlin. Riz Ahmed stated that during questioning, police asked him whether he had become an actor to further the Muslim struggle, questioned him on his views of the Iraq War, verbally abused him, and denied access to his phone. One of the interrogators tried to recruit him as an informant.
A spokesperson for Bedfordshire Police stated that none of the men were arrested, but the Terrorism Act allows the police to "stop and examine people if something happens that might be suspicious." She did not clarify what the actors had done to arouse suspicion.
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The Road to Guantánamo
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The San Marcos Stakes is an American Grade III Thoroughbred horse race held annually in late January or early February at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California. Open to horses aged four and older, it is raced on turf over a distance of one and one-quarter miles.
Inaugurated in 1952 as a one-mile race on dirt, in 1954 it was changed to one and one-quarter miles and became Santa Anita Park's first graded stakes race on turf. It was raced on dirt again in 1956, 1962, 1969, 1973, 1975, 1978 through 1983, and in 1996.
Run as handicap prior to 2000, it is now raced under allowance weight conditions, with specified weight reductions for horses who meet certain conditions. It was open to three-year-olds and up from 1955 through 1959. There was no race held in 1970 and for 1978 it was set at a distance of 1 and one-eighth miles.
Records
Time record:
1:57.92 – Johar (2003)
Most wins:
2 – Slim Shadey (2012, 2013)
Most wins by an owner:
2 – El Peco Ranch (1961, 1972)
2 – Elmendorf Farm (1976, 1982)
2 – Trudy McCaffery & John Toffan (1994, 2001)
2 – David and Jill Heerensperger (2009, 2011)
Most wins by a jockey:
6 – Bill Shoemaker (1958, 1959, 1967, 1971, 1975, 1977)
Most wins by a trainer:
8 – Charles Whittingham (1963, 1969, 1971, 1975, 1977, 1981, 1984, 1985)
Winners of the San Marcos Stakes
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San Marcos Stakes
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Gölcük, formerly known as Diolkides, is a municipality and district of Kocaeli Province, Turkey. Its area is 217 km2, and its population is 175,940 (2022). The city is located at the northern gulf of Armutlu Peninsula on the coast of Gulf of İzmit, a branch of the Sea of Marmara, in the south of the province.
It is the district, where the 1999 earthquake disaster happened. Gölcük is the location of one of the Turkish Navy's main naval bases. Also, Ford Otosan automobile plant is located in Gölcük. The mayor is Ali Yıldırım Sezer (AKP).
History
It would be more appropriate to start the historical development of Gölcük with the region that the Ancient Greeks and Romans called Bithynia, which also includes Izmit and its surroundings. It is thought that Gölcük was known as Diolkides (Diolkídis in antiquity).
The first step for Gölcük to become a garrison city was taken in 1927. The technical need that emerged with the decision to repair the battleship Yavuz, which was damaged in 1925, led to the establishment of a military shipyard in Gölcük. A pool was built in the same year. The Germans built barracks and repaired Yavuz. Later, these facilities established by the Germans were purchased and the core of the shipyard was established. Parallel to the development of the Turkish Naval Forces, although the fundamental studies were started in 1938, II. World War II prevented these works and the real development of Gölcük Shipyard has been realized since 1950. Gölcük is truly a city founded after the Republic. Except for Halidere, Ulaşlı and Yazlık villages of Gölcük, 21 villages were administered by the Bahçecik Sub-district Directorate of Izmit sanjak.
After the proclamation of the Republic, the town center and the Gendarmerie were established in the village of İhsaniye in 1930. The population of the city of Gölcük started to increase rapidly with the workers and their families coming from the Istanbul shipyards to work in the workshops established for the repair of the battleship Yavuz. In the meantime, Gölcük district was established with the law numbered 3012, which was adopted on June 9, 1936 and entered into force on June 15, 1936. Due to the absence of a building suitable for government offices in Gölcük in the accident organization, it started to work temporarily in the rented buildings in the town of Değirmendere. The Government Mansion, whose construction was completed in a short time, was passed in 1938 and the State organization was settled in Gölcük.
With the establishment of the boiler, the Subdistrict Directorate was abolished from İhsaniye, leaving only the Gendarmerie Organization. In the expropriations made with the Special Expropriation Law No. 3887 enacted in 1942, the Government Organization was transferred to Değirmendere in February 1944, with a decision taken by the Provincial General Assembly, since the Government Mansion remained within the expropriation area. After staying in Değirmendere for 10 years, the government moved back to Gölcük in accordance with the law no. 6322 enacted on March 4, 1954. Due to the government's arrival in Gölcük, the District and Population Organization and the Police Department were established in Değirmendere. This number has increased to 23 by taking Halidere and Ulaşlı villages of Gölcük, which has 21 villages, from Karamürsel. However, with Değirmendere becoming a township, the number of villages decreased to 22. When Damlar District of Saraylı village became a detached village in 1959, the number of villages increased to 23 again.
The Municipality Organization was established in İhsaniye village with the decision of the Council of Ministers dated 06.09.1966 and numbered 4636. Today Gölcük district, one (centre) Gölcük, others; It has 6 towns and 23 villages, namely Değirmendere, İhsaniye, Halıdere, Ulaşlı, Hisareyn, Yazlık. After the 93 War, the Georgian Muslims fleeing the war came from the Adjara region and were settled in the Samanlı Mountains.
Composition
There are 54 neighbourhoods in Gölcük District:
Ayvazpınarı
Değirmendere-Atatürk
Değirmendere-Bucak
Değirmendere-Cumhuriyet
Değirmendere Merkez
Değirmendere-Topçular
Değirmendere-Yalı
Değirmendere-Yukarı
Değirmendere-Yüzbaşılar
Donanma
Dumlupınar
Düzağaç
Eskiferhadiye
Ferhadiye
Halıdere-Körfez
Halıdere-Yalı
Halıdere-Yeni
Hamidiye
Hasaneyn
Hisareyn
Hisareyn-Karaköprü
Hisareyn-Merkez
İcadiye
İhsaniye
İhsaniye-Çiftlik
İhsaniye-Denizevler
İhsaniye-Merkez
İpekyolu
İrşadiye
Kavaklı
Lütfiye
Mamuriye
Merkez
Mesruriye
Nimetiye
Nüzhetiye
Örcün
Panayır
Piyalepaşa
Saraylı
Şehitler
Selimiye
Şevketiye
Şirinköy
Siyretiye
Sofular
Ulaşlı-Yalı
Ulaşlı-Yavuz Sultan Selim
Ümmiye
Yalı
Yazlık Merkez
Yazlık-Yenimahalle
Yeni Mahalle
Yunusemre
See also
Gölcük Naval Base
Gölcük Naval Shipyard
Gallery
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Gölcük, Kocaeli
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The Boeing F2B was a biplane fighter aircraft of the United States Navy in the 1920s, familiar to aviation enthusiasts of the era as the craft of the Three Sea Hawks aerobatic flying team, famous for its tied-together formation flying.
Design and development
Initially the Boeing Model 69, it was inspired by the results of tests on the FB-6, which was powered by a Pratt & Whitney R-1340B Wasp radial engine. Boeing set out to use this engine in a fighter designed specifically for carrier operations, using the same welded-tubing fuselage and wooden-frame wings as for the Model 15, and adding a large spinner to reduce air drag around the engine (this was dropped in production). Armament was either two machine guns, or one .30 in and one ; the lower wing had attachments for up to four bombs, plus a fifth could be hung from the fuselage.
Operational history
First flight of the F2B prototype was November 3, 1926. The Navy acquired the prototype as XF2B-1, which was capable of reaching speeds of , and was sufficiently impressed to order 32 F2B-1s. In addition to omission of the large streamlined spinner cap, the production versions also had a balanced rudder. Delivery began on January 20, 1928, with some assigned to fighter squadron VF-1B and others to bomber squadron VF-2B, both operating from the carrier . Although the Navy did not order any more F2Bs, Boeing built two more, as Model 69Bs, exporting one to Brazil and the other to Japan.
U.S. Navy flight demonstration team
In 1927, Lt. D. W. "Tommy" Tomlinson CO of VF-2B, created the first U.S. Naval aerobatic team. Drawing from VB-2B squadron at Naval Air Station North Island, San Diego, the team used three Boeing F2B-1 fighters. Its first unofficial demonstration in January 1928 at San Francisco gave rise to a popular nickname: "Suicide Trio" although officially the team was called "Three Sea Hawks". The first public performance as an official team representing the Navy was between September 8 and 16, during National Air Races week at Mines Field (now Los Angeles International Airport). The Boeing F2B-1 was unable to fly inverted without the engine quitting; consequently, Lt. Tomlinson modified the carburetors to permit brief inverted flight. At the end of 1929, the Three Sea Hawks team is disbanded when its VB-2B pilots were reassigned.
Variants
XF2B-1(Model 69) One prototype serial number A7385
F2B-1(Model 69) Single-seat fighter biplane for the U.S. Navy, serial numbers A7424 to A7455
Model 69B Two aircraft, generally similar to the F2B-1, one each to Brazil and Japan.
Operators
Brazilian Naval Aviation
Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service
United States Navy
Specifications (F2B-1)
See also
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Boeing F2B
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Michael Stephenson, known professionally as Michael Paul Stephenson, is an American filmmaker and actor. He is known for directing the critically acclaimed documentaries Best Worst Movie and The American Scream. Michael made his narrative feature debut with Girlfriend’s Day, starring Bob Odenkirk. Michael's latest film, Attack of the Murder Hornets, is an original documentary that he directed and produced for Discovery+. He is a member of the Directors Guild of America.
Personal life
Michael Paul Stephenson lives in Los Angeles with his producing-partner and wife.
Career
1983–2005: Early career
Michael Paul Stephenson's career in the entertainment industry started at the age of 8 when he was discovered by a talent agent while acting in his school's rendition of Peter Pan. When he was 10 years old, he auditioned for the horror film Troll 2, and got the starring role. Troll 2 was released in 1990 and is widely considered to be of exceptionally poor quality, and has come to be regarded by the public as one of the worst films ever made.
Michael continued professional acting into his early twenties appearing in various film and television productions. In 2005, he played "The Mummy" for Academy Award director Taika Waititi during a workshop of Eagle vs. Shark at the Sundance Film Institute. In this role, Michael was wrapped in toilet paper and set on fire by Taika Waititi. It was the last time Michael stepped in front of the camera as an actor.
Throughout his younger years, Michael spent most of his time writing stories and making skateboarding films. He has always been drawn to photography and is known to shoot on every film he makes. Early in his career, Michael worked with Oscar nominee Mel Stuart as a cinematographer. As a writer, Michael was a beneficiary of the American Gem Screenplay Award for his screenplay Orange.
2009–present
Michael Paul Stephenson co-founded a production company with his wife Lindsay Stephenson, Magic Stone Productions, in 2009.
In 2009, Michael produced and directed the crowd-pleasing and critically acclaimed Best Worst Movie. a documentary about Troll 2 and its cult status. The film launched on March 14, 2009, at the Alamo Drafthouse South Lamar in Austin, Texas, as part of the South by Southwest film festival. Best Worst Movie won several awards and ABC's Nightline ran a segment on Troll 2 and Best Worst Movie in May 2010, including interviews with Hardy and Stephenson. On Rotten Tomatoes, Best Worst Movie holds an approval rating of 94%.
In 2012, Michael produced and directed his second feature documentary, The American Scream, for NBC Universal's Chiller network. The American Scream premiered on October 28, 2012, and was named a "Must Watch" by Entertainment Weekly. Michael Paul Stephenson is also the Executive Producer of Zero Charisma, a comedy directed by Katie Graham and editor Andrew Matthews. Zero Charisma won the audience award at the SXSW film festival in 2013.
In 2017, Michael Paul Stephenson made his narrative feature debut with the dark comedy Girlfriend's Day, starring Bob Odenkirk. The film premiered worldwide on February 14 – Valentine's Day — on Netflix.
Michael Paul Stephenson's most recent film, Attack of the Murder Hornets, is an original documentary that he produced and directed for Discovery+. The film was released worldwide on February 20, 2021 and has a 100% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes.
Select filmography
As actor
As filmmaker
Critical reception
Best Worst Movie was an official selection of the 2009 SXSW Film Festival. Best Worst Movie won Best Feature Documentary (as voted by the official jury), as well as the Audience Choice for Best Documentary Feature at the 11th annual Sidewalk Moving Picture Festival in September 2009. On Rotten Tomatoes, Best Worst Movie holds an approval rating of 94%.
The American Scream won the Best Picture award in Fantastic Fest 2012 in the category of Documentary Features. On Rotten Tomatoes, The American Scream holds an approval rating of 100% and won the 2013 SXSW Film Festival Audience Award in the category of the narrative spotlight.
Girlfriend's Day received mixed reviews from critics, where in the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes the film holds an approval rating of 43% with an average 5.5/10. Paste Magazine gave the film an 8.0 rating (out of 10).
Attack of the Murder Hornets holds an approval rating of 100% on Rotten Tomatoes.
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Michael Stephenson (filmmaker)
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Axungia is a kind of soft animal fat, usually from around the kidneys of geese or pigs, used in pre-modern western medicine. It differs from lard, which is firm, and suet or adeps, which is dry.
The ancient Romans distinguished fat into pinguedo or axungia, and adeps or sebum; but writers often interchange the terms.
In pre-modern medicine, physicians made use of the axungia of the goose, the dog, the viper, and some others, especially that of humans, considered of "extraordinary service in the drawing and ripening of tumors, etc." (see attrahent)
Etymology
From French axunge, adapted from Latin axungia 'axle grease' = axis 'axle' + ungere 'to grease'.
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Axungia
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A vol-au-vent (pronounced , French for "windblown", to describe its lightness) is a small hollow case of puff pastry. It was formerly also called a patty case.
A vol-au-vent is typically made by cutting two circles in rolled out puff pastry, cutting a hole in one of them, then stacking the ring-shaped piece on top of the disc-shaped piece. The pastry is cooked, then filled with any of a variety of savory or sweet fillings.
The pastry is sometimes credited to Marie-Antoine Carême. However, an entremet called petits gâteaux vole au vent is mentioned in François Marin's 1739 cookbook Les Dons de Comus, years before Carême's birth.
In France, it is usually served as an appetizer or a small snack, filled with chicken or fish.
International similarities
In Belgium, it is a common main dish that can be found on the menus of most restaurants, and is nearly always filled with a combination of chicken, mushrooms, and small meatballs, served with either mashed potatoes or fries. This Belgian variation is also available in the Netherlands, where it is called pasteitje ("little pastry"). In American cuisine, chicken à la King was formerly a popular filling.
In Pakistan, vol-au-vents with meat filling are called "patties": round ones usually have a chicken filling, and rectangular ones have a beef filling. They are served with chutney.
In the Mexican region of Veracruz it is hispanicised as volován, and often filled with local fillings such as pollo con mole, atún a la veracruzana, and others. The pastry first arrived in Mexico during the Second French intervention.
See also
Amuse-bouche
Canapé
Hors d'œuvre
List of hors d'oeuvre
List of pastries
Tapas
Zakuski
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Vol-au-vent
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Lost artworks are original pieces of art that credible sources indicate once existed but that cannot be accounted for in museums or private collections or are known to have been destroyed deliberately or accidentally, or neglected through ignorance and lack of connoisseurship.
In some cases, such as the Portrait of Henry VIII by Hans Holbein the Younger (lost in a fire in 1698) many copies had been made, so we have a good idea of the work's appearance. Almost all portable stone sculptures from classical antiquity are later copies of pieces famous at the time, mostly from the Roman period.
The US FBI maintains a list of "Top Ten Art Crimes"; a 2006 book by Simon Houpt and a 2018 book by Noah Charney and several other media outlets have profiled the most significant outstanding losses.
Chronology of notable loss events
Rhodes earthquake, 226 BCE
First Mithridatic War
Sack of Athens, 1 March 86 BCE
Antikythera shipwreck, 86-50 BCE
Lauseion fire, 475
Nika riots, 13 January 532-
Byzantine Iconoclasm
Iconoclasm of Leo III, 726-741
Second Byzantine Iconoclasm, 814-842
Jin–Song Wars, 1125–1234
Jingkang Incident (Sack of Kaifeng), 10 January 1126-
Fourth Crusade, 1202–1204
Sack of Constantinople, 12–15 April 1204
Bonfires of the vanities, 1492–1497
Bonfire of the vanities, Florence, 1492
Bonfire of the vanities, Florence, 7 February 1497
Palazzo Bentivoglio destruction, 1507
Iconoclastic Fury, 1522–1599
Beeldenstorm, 1566
"Stille beeldenstorm" of Antwerp, 1581
Doge's Palace fire, 1576
Russo-Swedish Deluge 1648-1667
Destruction of the Commonwealth
Bombardment of Brussels, 13–15 August 1695
Brussels Town Hall fire, 13–15 August 1695
Palace of Whitehall fire, 4 January 1698
André-Charles Boulle workshop fire, 30 August 1720
Coudenberg Palace fire, 3 February 1731
Royal Alcázar of Madrid fire, 24 December 1734
Kroměříž Palace fire, March 1752
Lisbon earthquake and tsunami, 1 November 1755
Ribeira Palace destruction
Vrouw Maria sinking, 9 October 1771
French Revolution, 1789–1799
Elgin Marbles removal, 1801–1805
Exton Old Park fire, 1810
Belvoir Castle fire, 1816
Basilica of San Paolo fuori le Mura fire, 1823
Burning of Parliament, 16 October 1834
Palais-Royal looting, 21–22 February 1848
Old Summer Palace destruction, 18–21 October 1861
Museum Boymans fire, 1864
Paris Commune, 18 March-28 May 1871
Hôtel de Ville fire, May 1871
Tuileries Palace fire, 23 May 1871
Holker Hall fire, 1871
Great Boston Fire of 1872
Bath House fire, 31 January 1873
Pantechnicon warehouse fire, London, 13–14 February 1874
Benin City sacking, 9 February 1897-
San Francisco Earthquake, April 18, 1906
Messina earthquake, 28 December 1908
Mona Lisa theft and vandalism, 21 August 1911
World War I, 28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918
Russian Revolution and post-revolution losses, 1917-1920s
Treasures for Tractors, 1920s
Thames flood (Tate Gallery flood), 7 January 1928
Glaspalast fire, 6 June 1931
Nazi plunder, 1933–1945
Berlin Fire Department art burning, 20 March 1939
Frey seizures (1939-1942)
Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce seizures, 1940–1945
Mühlmann Agency seizures, 1939–1945
Einsatzgruppen unit seizures, 1939–1945
SS-Ahnenerbe unit seizures, 1939–1945
Panels from the Ghent Altarpiece theft, 10 April 1934
Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939
World War II, 1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945
Gosford House fire, 1940
Castle Howard fire, 9 November 1940
The Blitz, 7 September 1940 – 21 May 1941
Bridgewater House bombing, 11 May 1941
Bombardment of Manila, December 1941
Bombing of Bremen, 1942
Palazzo Archinto (Milan) bombing, 1943
Battle of Monte Cassino, 17 January – 18 May 1944
Ovetari Chapel bombing, 11 March 1944
Destruction of Warsaw, 1944–45
Royal Castle, Warsaw explosion
Bombing of Dresden, February 1945
Battle of Manila, 3 February – 3 March 1945
Schloss Immendorf fire, May 1945
Friedrichshain flak tower fire, May 1945
Ashiya District air raids, 5–6 August 1945
Quedlinburg medieval art theft, 19 April – June 1945
Soviet looting, 1939–1945
Kronberg Castle looting, 5 November 1945
Arno Breker Sculpture Destruction, 1945-
Arshile Gorky studio fire, 1946
Alfred Stieglitz Gallery theft, 1946
Musée de Beaux Arts de Strasbourg fire, 13 August 1947
Coleshill House fire, 1952
Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) fire, 15 August 1958
American Airlines Flight 1 plane crash, 1962
Dulwich College Picture Gallery theft, 30 December 1966
Izmir Archaeology Museum theft, 24 July 1969
Oratory of San Lorenzo theft, October 1969
Stephen Hahn Gallery theft, 17 November 1969
Montreal Museum of Fine Arts theft, 4 September 1972
Musée Albert-André, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, theft, 12 November 1972
Invasion of Cyprus church thefts, 1974
Russborough House art theft #1, 1974
Palais des Papes Picasso theft, 31 January 1976
Corridart installation destruction, Montreal, 1976
Museum of Modern Art, Rio de Janeiro fire, 8 July 1978
Varig plane disappearance, 30 January 1979
L.A. Mayer Institute for Islamic Art theft, 15 April 1983
Kunsthaus Zürich incendiary attack, 1985
Musée Marmottan Monet theft, 28 October 1985
Russborough House art theft #2, 1986
Neue Nationalgalerie theft, 27 May 1988
Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum theft, 18 March 1990
Lincoln's Inn theft, 16 September 1990
Houghton Hall theft, 30 September 1992
Windsor Castle fire, 20 November 1992
Uffizi car bombing, 1993
Moderna Museet theft, 8 November 1993
The Scream theft, 12 February 1994
Kunsthalle Schirn theft (Frankfurt art theft), 28 July 1994
Stéphane Breitwieser: 172 museum thefts, 1995–2001
Oklahoma City bombing (Murrah Building collapse), 19 April 1995
Galleria Ricci Oddi theft, 18 February 1997
Louvre theft, 3 May 1998
Swissair Flight 111 plane crash, 2 September 1998
Ashmolean Museum theft, 31 December 1999
Nationalmuseum theft, 22 Dec 2000
Russborough House art theft #3, 2001
National Museum, Poznań theft, September 2000
Sofia Imber Contemporary Art Museum theft, 2000–2002
Taliban iconoclasm, March 2001
Hermitage Museum theft, 22 March 2001
September 11 attacks, 2001
World Trade Center Collapse, 11 September 2001
Marielle Schwengel's destruction of stolen art, November 2001
Frans Hals Museum theft, 25 March 2002
Edenhurst Gallery theft, 28 July 2002
Russborough House art theft #4, September 2002
Van Gogh Museum theft, 8 December 2002
2003 Iraq War
National Museum of Iraq thefts, 8–12 April 2003
Kunsthistorisches Museum theft, 11 May 2003
Drumlanrig Castle theft, 27 August 2003
Momart fire, 24 May 2004
Santo Spirito in Sassia Hospital theft, 31 July 2004
Munch Museum theft, 22 August 2004
Neumann Foundation theft, 27 October 2004
Victoria and Albert Museum theft, 29 December 2004
Westfries Museum theft, 9 January 2005
Henry Moore Foundation theft, 15 December 2005
Strindberg Museum theft, 15 February 2006
Museu da Chácara do Céu, Rio de Janeiro theft, 24 February 2006
São Paulo Museum of Art theft, 20 December 2007
Foundation E.G. Bührle theft, 10 February 2008
Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo theft, 12 June 2008
Hélio Oiticica fire, 16 October 2009
Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris theft, 10 May 2010
Dulwich Park theft, 20 December 2011
Kunsthal Art theft, 16 October 2012
Clandon House fire, 29 April 2015
National Museum of Brazil fire, 2 September 2018
Dresden Green Vault burglary 2019
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
Burning of the Museum of Local History in the town of Ivankiv, Kyiv region, February 2022
Destruction of
Research and recovery efforts
The Art Loss Register is a commercial computerized international database which captures information about lost and stolen art, antiques and collectables. It is operated by a commercial company based in London.
In the U.S., the FBI maintains the | National Stolen Art File, "a database of stolen art and cultural property. Stolen objects are submitted for entry to the NSAF by law enforcement agencies in the U.S. and abroad."
A number of search and recovery efforts were created in response to major loss events, notably:
Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program ("Monuments Men"), 1943–1946
Bureau of Revindication and Damages (Poland), operated from 1945 to 1951
Bureau of the Government Representative for Polish Cultural Heritage Abroad, 1991-
List of notable lost artworks
Pre-16th century
16th century
17th century
18th century
19th century
20th century
21st century
List of notable finds
List of notable disputed finds
See also
List of missing treasures
Lost film
Lost literary work
List of destroyed heritage
List of destroyed libraries
List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests
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Lost artworks
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Arthur Lindsay Sadler (1882–1970) was Professor of Oriental Studies at the University of Sydney.
Life and career
Sadler was born in Hackney, London and educated at the University of Oxford (B.A., 1908; M.A., 1911). From 1909 he worked in Japan as a teacher and was an active member of the Asiatic Society of Japan.
Sadler was the Professor of Oriental Studies at the University of Sydney from 1922 to 1948 (his predecessor being the foundation professor, James Murdoch). He also taught at the Royal Military College of Australia.
His publications included an English translation of Hōjōki and Heike Monogatari under the title of The Ten Foot Square Hut and Tales of the Heike (1928; 1972); The Art of Flower Arrangement in Japan (1933); Cha-No-Yu: The Japanese Tea Ceremony (1933; 1962); Maker of Modern Japan: The Life of Tokugawa Ieyasu (1937); an English translation of Daidōji Yūzan's Budo Shoshinshu under the title of The Code of The Samurai (1941; 1988); A Short History of Japanese Architecture (1941); an English translation of The Articles of Sun Tzu, of The Precepts of Sima Rangju and of Wu Qi on the Art of War as Three Military Classics of China (1944); and A Short History of Japan (1946).
One of Sadler's teachers at Oxford in the early 1900s had been Dr. Griffithes Wheeler Thatcher and, when in 1936 the latter was appointed the first head of the Department of Old Testament Language and Literature at the University of Sydney, one of four departments offering courses for the new Bachelorate of Divinity there, Sadler assisted in lecturing duties and in other ways.
After retirement from the University of Sydney (his successors in the professorship being John Kennedy Rideout in 1948 and then by A. R. Davis in 1955), Sadler returned to England and settled in the Essex village of Great Bardfield. At Bardfield he became friendly with several of the Great Bardfield Artists. He spent his final years living in Stubbards Croft in Great Bardfield and later at Buck's House in the same village.
Personal life
In 1916 he married Eva Botan Seymour (1893-1978), an Anglo-Japanese, in Tokyo. They would have no children.
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Arthur Lindsay Sadler
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Sean Harland Murray (born November 15, 1977) is an American actor known for his role as Special Agent Timothy McGee on the American TV drama NCIS. He also played Thackery Binx in Disney's Halloween film Hocus Pocus and Danny Walden in the military drama series JAG.
Early life
Sean Harland Murray was born on November 15, 1977, in the Bethesda Navy Hospital in Maryland, and grew up on several military bases all over the world including Australia, Singapore, London and the United States. When he was 15, Murray's parents divorced and he and his mother moved to Los Angeles.
Murray's father is retired Navy Captain Craig Harland Murray (surface warfare) with over 30 years of service, and his Australian mother Vivienne Lee holds dual citizenship with the United States. In 1998, she married American television producer and screenwriter Donald P. Bellisario, who became Murray's stepfather. He has one brother, NCIS: Los Angeles producer Chad W. Murray, and seven stepsiblings, including Pretty Little Liars actress Troian Bellisario and JAG actor Michael Bellisario.
Career
After Murray decided he wanted to be an actor at a young age, he worked hard to try to land small parts and when he was 11 was able to become an extra in the Steve Martin and Joan Cusack film My Blue Heaven. Murray's TV credits include a starring role in the UPN sitcom The Random Years and a supporting role as teenager Zane Grey Hart in CBS's comedy/western series Harts of the West, with Beau Bridges as his father and Harley Jane Kozak as his mother. Lloyd Bridges also starred in the series. The program was set on a dude ranch in Nevada. Murray also appeared in several episodes of JAG and was later cast as Timothy McGee in the show's spin-off, NCIS. McGee's sister is played by Troian Bellisario, his real-life stepsister. In addition, Murray has appeared in several feature films including Hocus Pocus (1993), his first motion picture film appearance, in which he played Thackery Binx. While this is one of his most well-known roles, his voice in the film was dubbed by Jason Marsden. His other film appearances include This Boy's Life; and in Todd Field's Too Romantic.
Personal life
Murray and Carrie James, a teacher, met in 2004 at an event, and they married on November 26, 2005. They had their first child, a daughter (Cay Ryan), in 2007. The couple's second child, a son (River James), was born in Los Angeles in April 2010.
Murray's daughter was a guest star with her father in NCIS Season 19 episode "The Brat Pack".
Filmography
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Sean Murray (actor)
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Echo Lake is a glacial tarn in the Ruby Mountains, in Elko County in the northeastern part of the state of Nevada. It is located at the head of remote Echo Canyon at approximately , and at an elevation of . It has an area of approximately , and a depth of up to , making it both the largest and deepest lake in the Ruby Mountains. It is the major source of Echo Creek, which after exiting the mountains merges with other streams to form the South Fork of the Humboldt River.
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Echo Lake (Nevada)
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There are 466 known musical compositions by Fanny Mendelssohn:
The first section of this page lists compositions by Opus number (Op.), in order of publication (which only partially covers Fanny Mendelssohn's output).
The second section lists all compositions chronologically, according to Renate Hellwig-Unruh's catalogue of compositions by Fanny Mendelssohn (published in 2000), other than those for which later research established a different date of composition (as is the case for the Easter Sonata).
In contemporary publications
There were some 15 years between the first publication of six works by Fanny Mendelssohn in her brother Felix's Op. 8 and 9 (under his name), and her own publications of music she composed, with her own opus numbers.
Nos. 2, 3 and 12 in Felix Mendelssohn's Op. 8
Felix Mendelssohn's Op. 8, , was published in 1826 (Nos. 1–6) and 1827 (Nos. 1–12). These songs by Fanny Mendelssohn are contained in the volume:
Das Heimweh.
Italien.
Suleika und Hatem.
Nos. 7, 10 and 12 in Felix Mendelssohn's Op. 9
Felix Mendelssohn's Op. 9, , was published in 1830. These Lieder by Fanny Mendelssohn are contained in the volume:
Sehnsucht (8).
Verlust.
Die Nonne.
Op. 1 – Lieder
, Op. 1, published 1846:
Schwanenlied. Andante.
Wanderlied (2). Allegro molto vivace.
Warum sind denn die Rosen so blass. Andante.
Maienlied. Allegretto.
Morgenständchen. Allegro molto quasi presto.
Gondellied. Allegretto.
Op. 2 – Songs Without Words
, Op. 2, published in 1846:
Lied. Andante.
Andante con moto.
Villa Mills. Allegretto grazioso.
Klavierstück. Allegro molto vivace.
Op. 3 – Gartenlieder
, Op. 3, published in 1847:
Hörst du nicht die Bäume rauschen. Allegretto.
Schöne Fremde. Moderato.
Im Herbste (3). Allegro ma non troppo.
Morgengruß (1). Allegretto grazioso.
Abendlich schon rauscht der Wald. Andante.
Im Wald. Allegro vivace.
Op. 4 and 5 – Songs Without Words
, Op. 4 and 5, published in 1847.
First book (Op. 4):
Allegro assai.
Allegretto.
Allegro molto quasi presto.
Second book (Op. 5):
Lento appassionato.
Allegro molto vivace.
Mélodie.
Op. 6 – Songs Without Words
, Op. 6, published in 1847:
Lied. Andante espressivo.
Lied. Allegro vivace.
O Traum der Jugend, o goldner Stern. Andante cantabile.
Il Saltarello Romano. Tarantella. Allegro molto.
Op. 7 – Lieder
, Op. 7, published 1847:
Nachtwanderer. Andante con moto.
Erwin. Allegretto con espressione.
Frühling. Allegro molto.
Du bist die Ruh'. Moderato assai.
Bitte. Larghetto.
Dein ist mein Herz. Feierlich leidenschaftlich.
Op. 8 – Songs Without Words
, Op. 8, published posthumously in 1850:
Lied. Allegro moderato.
Lied. Andante con espressione.
Lied. Larghetto.
Wanderlied. Presto.
Op. 9 – Lieder
, Op. 9, published posthumously in 1850:
Die Ersehnte. Andante con moto.
Ferne. Andante.
Der Rosenkranz.
Die frühen Gräber. Lento e largo.
Der Maiabend. Allegretto.
Die Mainacht. Andante.
Op. 10 – Lieder
, Op. 10, published posthumously in 1850:
Nach Süden. Allegro molto vivace.
Vorwurf.
Abendbild (1). Andante con moto.
Im Herbste (2). Adagio.
Bergeslust. Allegro molto vivace e leggiero.
Op. 11 – Piano Trio
Fanny Mendelssohn's Piano trio in D minor, Op. 11, was published posthumously in 1850.
Chronological
Fanny Mendelssohn's compositions, sorted chronologically according to time of composition, with numbers following the Hellwig-Unruh catalogue:
1819
12 Gavotten (lost).
Ihr Töne, schwingt euch fröhlich. Andante.
1820
Lied des Schäfers. Lebhaft.
Klavierstück.
Romance de Claudine. Allegretto.
Chanson des Bergères. Con Allegrezza.
Romance de Galatée. Allegretto.
Romance de Célestine. Lentement, avec douceur.
Isidore. Andante.
Die Schönheit nicht, o Mädchen. Grazioso.
Némorin (1). Allegro.
Zoraide. Douleureusement.
C'en est fait. Allegro molto agitato.
Annette. Dolce.
Sérénade de Cortez. Expression agitée.
Unique objet de ma tendresse.
Wenn Ich ihn nur habe.
Erster Verlust (1).
Füllest wieder Busch und Tal. Nicht zu schnell.
Ave Maria. Andante.
L'amitié.
Schwarz ihre Brauen.
C'est une larme.
So musst' ich von dir scheiden.
Der Seelen Ruhe ist es Gott. Choral; Ist uns der Sünden Last zu schwer. Rezitativ und Arioso.
Wohl deinem Liebling. Arioso.
1821
Du stillst der Meere Brausen.
Ob deiner Wunderzeichen Staunen.
Klavierstück.
Klavierstück. Andante.
Némorin (2). Andante.
Le rocher des deux amants.
Das stille Fleh'n.
La fuite inutile.
Au Bord d’une Fontaine.
Nähe des Geliebten (1). Sehr Sanft.
Klavierstück. Allegro.
Frühlingserinnerung. Andante Con Moto.
Klavierstück.
Klavierstück. Allegro Agitato.
Klavierstück.
Klavierstück.
Sonate.
1822
Sonatensatz. Allegro assai moderato.
Fischers Klage. Andante.
Die Nonne. Andante con moto.
Lauf der Welt. Allegretto.
Lebewohl. Langsam und klagend.
Der Blumenstrauß. Allegro.
Sehnsucht nach Italien.
Du hast, mein Gott. Agitato.
Mon coeur soupire.
Übungsstück. Allegro moderato.
Im Herbste (1). Andante.
Quartett. For piano, violin, viola and cello.
Die Linde. Larghetto.
Die Sommerrosen blühen. Allegretto.
Schlaflied. Andante grazioso.
1823
Der Neugierige. Allegretto.
Des Müllers Blumen. Allegretto.
Das Ständchen.
Die Liebe Farbe. Andante.
Gebet in der Christnacht. Larghetto.
Das Ruhetal.
Wiegenlied (1).
Die furchtsame Träne.
Übungsstück. Allegro molto.
Erinnerung. Andante con moto.
Übungsstück. Allegro agitato.
Der Abendstern. Sanft und langsam.
Übungsstück. Allegro moderato.
Adagio.
Lied der Fee. Mäßig.
Übungsstück. Larghetto.
Die sanften Tage. Langsam.
Der Sänger.
Die Schwalbe. Allegretto.
Schäfers Sonntagslied. Langsam.
Übungsstück. Allegro assai moderato.
Einsamkeit.
Walzer für den Herzog von Rovigo.
Abendreih'n. Allegretto.
Seefahrers Abschied. Moderato.
Übungsstück. Presto.
Der Fischer.
Übungsstück. Allegro ma non troppo.
Die Kapelle.
Übungsstück.
Am Morgen nach einem Sturm. Im Molo di Gaeta. Adagio.
Frühe Sorge.
Wanderlied (1). Allegretto.
Übungsstück. Allegro ma non troppo.
Die Spinnerin.
Wonne der Einsamkeit. Andante.
Erster Verlust (2). Andante.
Übungsstück.
(Op. 9.2) Ferne. Andante.
Die Liebende. Rasch und lebhaft.
Klavierstück. Lento ma non troppo.
Pilgerspruch.
Vereinigung.
Klavierstück. Andantino.
Übungsstück. Allegro molto agitato.
Canzonetta.
An die Entfernte. Lento.
Ohne sie. Agitato ma non presto.
Mein Herz, das ist begraben. Largo.
Übungsstück. Allegro di molto.
Die glückliche Fischerin.
1824
Wo kommst du her?. Andante.
Auf der Wanderung. Ruhig und heiter.
Klage. Larghetto.
Sonata O Capriccio.
Tokkate. Allegro moderato.
Abschied (1). Lento.
Klavierstück.
Sehnsucht (1).
Frage.
Herbstlied.
Frühlingsnähe. Allegretto.
An einen Liebenden im Frühling. Allegretto.
Mailied. Allegretto.
Übungsstück. Allegretto.
Jägers Abendlied. Langsam und sehr ruhig.
Glück.
Leben. Andante.
Gigue. Allegro.
Sonate.
Das Heimweh. Vivace et agitato.
Klavierstück. Allegro di molto.
Eilig zieh'n in weiter Ferne. Allegretto.
Klavierstück.
Nacht (1). Poco allegro.
Leiden. Allegro.
Verlor'nes Glück.
Übungsstück. Allegro assai.
Sonnenuntergang.
Am stillen Hain.
Klavierstück. Allegro.
32 Fugen (lost).
1825
Sehnsucht (2). Andantino.
Verloren.
Der einsam Wandelnde.
Klavierstück.
Klavierstück.
Klavierstück. Andante con moto.
Wandrers Nachtlied (1).
An Suleika.
Suleika und Hatem. Allegretto.
Suleika (1).
Deinem Blick mich zu bequemen.
Sonett Aus Dem 13. Jahrhundert.
Das holde Tal (1).
Mond.
Ecco quel fiero Istante.
Ist es möglich, Stern der Sterne. Allegro Vivace.
Italien. Allegretto.
Dir zu eröffnen, mein Herz.
Rezitativ und Arie.
Schäfergesang.
Lass dich nur nichts nicht dauern.
Harfners Lied. Largo. Rezitativisch vorzutragen.
Erinnerungen an die Heimat.
1826
Die Schläferin. Commodo.
Capriccio. Humoristisch und etwas ironisch.
Etüde. Allegro moderatissimo.
Klavierstück. Allegro ma non troppo.
(Op. 9.3) Der Rosenkranz.
Feldlied.
Der Eichwald brauset. Allegro agitato.
Am Grabe.
Sie liebt mich.
Abendlandschaft.
Erwachen. Heiter.
Waldlied. Allegro vivace.
Mignon.
Klavierstück. Andante.
Geheimnis. Larghetto.
Schloss Liebeneck. Andante.
Der Sprosser.
Klavierstück. Andante con espressione.
An einem Herbstabende.
Klavierstück. Allegro di molto.
Westöstlicher Redaktionswalzer.
Der Frühlingsabend.
Ich hab' ihn gesehen. Allegro con moto.
Klavierstück (lost).
Marias Klage. Moderato.
Nähe des Geliebten (2). Adagio.
Sehnsucht (3). Moderato.
Neujahrslied.
1827
Sehnsucht (4). Largo.
Fugata. Largo non troppo lento.
Maigesang. Allegretto grazioso.
Seufzer. Andante con espressione.
(Op. 9.1) Die Ersehnte. Andante con moto.
Kein Blick der Hoffnung. Allegro agitato.
An den Mond.
Die Schiffende. Allegretto grazioso.
Klavierstück. Andante.
An die Ruhe. Moderato.
Klavierstück.
Sehnsucht (5). Andante.
Am Flusse. Andantino.
Sehnsucht (6). Sehr sanft.
Umsonst.
Was will die einsame Träne. Andante.
(Op. 9.5) Der Maiabend. Allegretto.
Die Sommernacht. Largo Maestoso.
Suleika (2). Adagio.
Achmed an Irza. Andante. Sempre piano e soave.
Am leuchtenden Sommermorgen.
Verlust. Allegro con fuoco.
Klavierbuch.
1828
Wenn ich mir in stiller Seele.
Keyboard piece in E minor.
Sehnsucht (7). Sanft und still.
Abendluft.
Sehnsucht (8). Andante.
Allnächtlich im Traume. Andante con moto.
Heut' in dieser Nacht.
(Op. 9.4) Die frühen Gräber. Lento e largo.
Fuge (lost).
Über die Berge steigt schon die Sonne.
Nacht (2). Larghetto.
Aglæ.
Wonne der Wehmut. Bewegt, nicht zu langsam.
Ostersonate (Easter Sonata), piano sonata in A major.
1829
Gram. Allegretto.
Klavierstück.
Selmar und Selma. Allegro molto.
Präludium (fragment).
Durch zartes Mailaub blinkt die Abendröte.
Schlafe du, schlafe du süß. Allegretto lusingando.
Lied (lost).
(see section on compositions from the year 1828 above)
Liederkreis: An Felix, consisting of six Lieder:
"Lebewohl"
"Grüner Frühling süße Mailuft"
"Nun ist's nicht öd in meiner Brust"
"O sprich wo blieb dein heitrer Sinn"
"Im Hochland Bruder da schweifst du umher"
"Wiedersehn"
Nachtreigen. Allegro Moderato.
Sonata O Fantasia.
Klavierstück. Presto.
Liederzyklus.
Schlafe, Schlaf! Andante.
Präludium (wedding Processional).
Präludium (wedding Recessional).
Präludium (fragment). Grave.
Zu deines Lagers Füßen.
Sonate (fragment).
Capriccio.
Die Hochzeit kommt. Festspiel.
1830
Wie dunkel die Nacht. Allegro agitato.
Lied. Allegro.
Präludium.
Genesungsfeier. Allegretto grazioso.
Fantasie. Adagio.
Minnelied des Grafen Peter von Provence. Allegro vivace.
Frühlingslied. Allegro molto vivace.
1831
"Der Schnee, der ist geschmolzen"
Lobgesang. Kantate. Nach Versen der Bibel und einem Text.
Hiob. Kantate. Nach Versen der Bibel.
"Nacht" (3). Allegretto.
Höret zu, merket auf. Oratorium/Kantate. Nach Versen der Bibel.
"O wie beseeligend gehen und kommen die Stunden". Allegro leggiermente.
"Hero und Leander". Dramatische Szene.
1832
Das Nordlicht. Allegro di molto.
So soll ich dich verlassen. Allegretto.
Ouvertüre. Andante; Cantabile.
Wiegenlied (2). Allegretto.
Klavierstück. Con moto.
Dem Unendlichen. Allegro moderato.
Duett für Tenor und Sopran. Mit den Fingern zu singen. Andante.
1833
Gegenwart. Allegro moderato.
In die Ferne. Allegretto affettuoso.
Zum Fest. Nach Versen aus der Messe der Heiligen Cäcilia.
1834
Fuge.
3 Lieder nach Heine von Mary Alexander (Three poems by Heinrich Heine in the translations of Mary Alexander):
"Once o'er my dark and troubled life"
"I wander through the wood and weep"
"What means the lonely tear"
Der Pilgrim vor St. Just. Tempo giusto.
Wo sich Gatten jene Schatten. Rasch und anmutig.
String Quartet.
Ich ging lustig durch den grünen Wald.
1835
Io d’amor, oh dio, mi moro. Konzertarie. Andante molto sostenuto.
In der stillen Mitternacht. Allegro ma non troppo.
An Cidli (fragments).
Abschied (2).
Wandl' ich in dem Wald des Abends. Andante.
Ich stand gelehnet an den Mast.
Über allen Gipfeln ist Ruh'.
Wenn der Frühling kommt. Allegro di molto.
Der Strauß.
Wie Feld und Au. Allegro.
1836
Frühzeitiger Frühling. Allegro.
Ein Hochzeitbitter. Allegretto.
Winterseufzer.
Wie dich die warme Luft umscherzt. Allegro con moto.
Gleich Merlin. Tutto legato e malinconico.
Klavierstück. Allegretto grazioso.
März. Allegretto.
April. Andante.
Mai. Allegretto leggiero.
Neue Liebe, neues Leben. Allegro di molto.
Klavierstück. Prestissimo.
Klavierstück. Allegro agitato.
(Op. 2.1) Lied. Andante.
Klavierstück. Allegro agitato.
Klavierstück. Allegro con spirito.
Klavierstück. Allegro con brio.
Das Meeresleuchten.
Suleika (3). Andante soave e dolce.
There Be None of Beauty’s Daughters. Allegro di molto.
Capriccio. Allegro ma non troppo.
Die Mitternacht war kalt. Allegro agitato.
1837
Bagatelle. Allegretto.
Bagatelle. Con moto.
(Op. 1.3) Warum sind denn die Rosen so blass. Andante.
Klavierstück. Allegro moderato.
Klavierstück. Andante con espressione.
Altes Lied. Con Moto.
Farewell. Adagio.
(Op. 1.2) Wanderlied (2). Allegro molto vivace.
Bright Be the Place of Thy Soul. Adagio largamente.
Komm mit. Allegretto grazioso.
Sprich, o sprich, wird Liebe mahnen.
Klavierstück. Allegro con brio.
Klavierstück. Largo con espressione.
Im wunderschönen Monat Mai. Allegro molto.
So hast du ganz und gar vergessen.
Ach, die Augen sind es wieder. Allegro moderato.
1838
Hör' ich das Liedchen klingen.
Aus meinen Tränen sprießen. Allegretto.
Fichtenbaum und Palme. Lento.
Wenn ich in deine Augen sehe. Andante con moto.
Klavierstück. Andante con moto.
(Op. 9.6) Die Mainacht. Andante.
Klavierstück. Allegro molto vivace ma con sentimento.
Etüde. Allegro con brio.
Ich wandelte unter den Bäumen. Andante con moto.
Das Meer erglänzte weit hinaus. Andante con moto.
Blumenlied. Allegro.
Notturno. Andantino.
Klavierstück. Allegro di molto.
1839
Klavierstück. Allegro grazioso.
Sehnsucht (9). Allegro con spirito.
Verschiedene Trauer.
(Op. 4/5.1) Mélodie. Allegro assai.
(Op. 7.4) Du bist die Ruh'. Moderato assai.
Strahlende Ostsee.
Gondelfahrt. Serenata.
1840
Klavierstück. Allegro moderato.
Sage mir, was mein Herz begehrt.
Deh Torna A Me. Cavatine. Andante cantabile.
Klavierstück. Introduktion; Allegro.
Klavierstück. Largo; Allegro con fuoco.
Das holde Tal (2). Allegro vivace.
Abschied von Rom. Ponte molle. Andante con espressione.
Villa Medicis. Allegro maestoso.
L’âme triste. Andante.
Hausgarten. Andante con moto.
(Op. 6.2) Lied. Allegro vivace.
(Op. 2.3) Villa Mills. Allegretto grazioso.
(Op. 1.1) Schwanenlied. Andante.
Der Fürst vom Berge. Allegro con brio.
Lass fahren hin. Sostenuto.
Dämmernd liegt der Sommerabend.
Mein Liebchen, wir saßen beisammen. Allegro.
3 Duette:
"Wiederkehrt ein lichter Maie"
"Winter was hat dir getan"
"Zeigt mir den Weg zu meiner lieben Frauen"
(Op. 4/5.3) Mélodie. Allegro molto quasi presto.
(Op. 4/5.5) Mélodie. Allegro molto vivace.
(Op. 4/5.6) Mélodie. Andante soave.
Wandrers Nachtlied (2).
1841
Klavierstück. Allegro Molto.
Klavierstück. Allegro Molto Vivace.
Unter des Laubdachs hut. Allegro.
Einleitung zu lebenden Bildern.
(Op. 6.4) Il Saltarello Romano. Tarantella. Allegro molto.
(Op. 10.1) Nach Süden. Allegro molto vivace.
Von dir, mein Lieb, ich scheiden muss.
Der Winterwind entflieht.
Klavierstück. Allegro molto.
(Op. 1.6) Gondellied. Allegretto.
Anklänge. 3 Lieder:
"Vöglein in den sonnigen Tagen"
"Ach wie ist es doch gekommen daß die ferne Waldespracht"
"Könnt' ich zu den Wäldern flüchten"
Waldruhe. Andante con moto.
Traurige Wege. Andante con moto.
Klavierstück (fragment).
Auf dem See. Von Como. Allegro molto vivace.
Die Sennin. Allegretto.
Totenklage.
Das Jahr. 12 Charakterstücke - The Year, a collection of 13 compositions, 12 depicting a month of the year, and a postlude:
Januar.
Februar.
März.
April.
Mai.
Juni.
Juli.
August.
(Op. 2.2) September.
Oktober.
November.
Dezember.
Nachspiel.
Duett.
1842
(Op. 1.4) Maienlied. Allegretto.
(Op. 1.5) Morgenständchen. Allegro molto quasi presto.
1843
Szene aus Faust. Der Tragödie zweiter Teil, Akt 1. Anmutige Gegend.
Wer dich gesehn.
Klavierstück. Allegro agitato.
Dämmrung senkte sich von oben. Andante con moto.
Klavierstück. Allegretto ma non troppo.
(Op. 2.4) Klavierstück. Allegro molto vivace.
Piano Sonata in G Minor.
Klavierstück. Adagio.
(Op. 7.1) Nachtwanderer. Andante con moto.
Wenn wir durch die Dörfer ziehen. Marschtempo.
Zauberkreis.
Mutter, o sing mich zur Ruh'.
1844
Die Stille. Andante con moto.
Liebe in der Fremde. Allegretto.
Klavierstück.
Klavierstück.
Klavierstück. Allegro moderato assai.
Klavierstück. Allegretto.
Im Herbst. Allegro molto.
Klavierstück. Allegro molto.
Klavierstück. Allegretto grazioso.
Klavierstück. Allegro molto.
Liederzyklus.
Traum. Allegretto.
1846
Klavierstück. Allegro molto.
Klavierstück. Allegro molto vivace e leggiero.
Das Veilchen. Allegretto.
(Op. 10.4) Im Herbste (2). Adagio.
Klavierstück. Andante cantabile.
(Op. 3.6) Im Wald. Allegro vivace.
Es rauscht das rote Laub. Moderato.
(Op. 4/5.2) Mélodie. Allegretto.
(Op. 3.1) Hörst du nicht die Bäume rauschen. Allegretto.
(Op. 3.5) Abendlich schon rauscht der Wald. Andante.
(Op. 8.1) Lied. Allegro moderato.
(Op. 6.3) O Traum der Jugend, o goldner Stern. Andante cantabile.
Pastorella.
Klavierstück. Allegretto.
Klavierstück (fragment).
Waldeinsam. Allegro.
Morgenwanderung. Allegro moderato.
(Op. 3.3) Im Herbste (3). Allegro ma non troppo.
Erwache, Knab', erwache. Allegro.
(Op. 3.4) Morgengruß (1). Allegretto grazioso.
Morgengruß (2). Allegro molto.
(Op. 7.6) Dein ist mein Herz. Feierlich leidenschaftlich.
Ariel.
Abend. Adagio.
(Op. 3.2) Schöne Fremde. Moderato.
(Op. 4/5.4) Mélodie. Lento appassionato.
Schweigend sinkt die Nacht hernieder. Andante.
(Op. 7.5) Bitte. Larghetto.
Lust'ge Vögel. Allegretto.
Klavierstück. Allegro molto vivace.
Klavierstück. Tempo di scherzo.
Stimme der Glocken. Allegro moderato.
Schilflied. Largo.
(Op. 10.3) Abendbild (1). Andante con moto.
Wer will mir wehren zu singen.
O Herbst, in linden Tagen. Ruhig, wehmütig.
Schon kehren die Vögel wieder ein. Allegretto grazioso.
(Op. 7.2) Erwin. Allegretto con espressione.
Ich kann wohl manchmal singen. Andante.
Klavierstück. Andante con moto.
Nacht ist wie ein stilles Meer. Allegro.
(Op. 6.1) Lied. Andante espressivo.
Abendbild (2).
Lied. Andante espressivo; più allegro.
Beharre. Andante con moto non lento.
(Op. 8.4) Wanderlied. Presto.
Klavierstück. Allegro vivace.
Kommen und Scheiden. Allegretto.
(Op. 8.3) Lied. Larghetto.
(Op. 10.2) Vorwurf.
(Op. 8.2) Lied. Andante con espressione.
(Op. 7.3) Frühling. Allegro molto.
1847
(Op. 11) Piano Trio in D minor.
(Op. 10.5) Bergeslust. Allegro molto vivace e leggiero.
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List of compositions by Fanny Mendelssohn
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Koigi wa Wamwere (born 18 December 1949 in Rugongo, Nakuru District) is a Kenyan politician, human rights activist, journalist and writer. Koigi became famous for opposing both the Jomo Kenyatta and Daniel arap Moi regimes, both of whom sent him to detention.
Early life
Koigi's father, Wamwere, hailed from Kiambu District. However, in 1915, the British colonial government declared that all land in Kenya belong to the settlers. As a result, several Kikuyu people had their land taken away. Koigi's father (then aged 4) and his family were among the evicted and had to move to Rift Valley Province, an area traditionally inhabited by Maasai people. Koigi's mother Wangu, escaped a forced marriage and ended up in Rift Valley, only to be forcefully married with his father. They had nine children, Koigi being the oldest. Koigi's father worked for the colonial forest department.<ref name="refuse">I Refuse to Die: My Journey for Freedom, Seven Stories Press (2003), </ref>
Koigi was born in 1949 in Rugongo location, Bahati division, Nakuru District, Rift Valley Province. He went to Rugongo Primary School Koigi Wamwere went to Mother of Apostles seminary and later Nyeri High School. Wamwere excelled in school and received a scholarship to Cornell University in the United States in the early 70s, first becoming interested in politics during his studies there.
Political career
Without finishing studies in Hotel Management at Cornell University, Wamwere went back to Kenya. He began lecturing at the Jogoo Commercial College and also was a freelance journalist for the now defunct newspaper Sunday Post.
He ran for the Nakuru North Constituency (now Subukia Constituency) parliamentary seat in 1974, representing the KANU, the only legal political party then. The young Wamwere was defeated by seasoned Kihika Kimani, though only by 800 votes. He wrote an article that was critical of Jomo Kenyatta in the Sunday Post, and was subsequently detained in 1975 and held in prison for three years. In December 1978, after Kenyatta had died, the new president Daniel arap Moi released Wamwere together with Ngugi wa Thiong’o and Martin Shikuku.
He was elected to the parliament in 1979 by winning the Nakuru North Constituency, this time defeating the incumbent MP Kihika Kimani. He teamed up with other radical and socialist politicians who were derogatorily named The Seven Bearded Sisters by Charles Njonjo. Others were Abuya Abuya, James Orengo, Chelagat Mutai, Chibule wa Tsuma, Mwashengu wa Mwachofi and Lawrence Sifuna.
Wamwere was one of the several opposition figures detained by president Moi after the 1982 Kenyan coup attempt, though he maintains that he was not involved in the coup. Consequently, he lost his parliamentary seat, which was won Francis Kimosop at the 1982 by-election. Kimosop committed suicide in 1986 and Wamwere, who had been released from prison in 1984, contested the newly vacated seat in the 1986 by-election. The election was controversially won by Eric Bomett, brother-in-law of president Moi. Soon afterward Wamwere fled to Norway, fearing for his life.
In 1990 he visited Uganda, but he was kidnapped by Kenyan security officials in Kampala. He was charged with treason, and held at the Kamiti Maximum Security Prison. After being released in 1993, he again fled to Norway. He returned to Kenya in 1995, but was detained again and charged with robbery with violence, facing the death penalty. After a trial that attracted worldwide attention, he was sentenced for four years in prison and six lashes by cane. He was released on 13 December 1996 due to health issues after international condemnation and protests by activists led by Koigi's own mother.
Having missed the 1992 elections due to detention, he prepared for the 1997 general elections by affiliating himself with the Safina party, but Safina refused to give him presidential candidature. Consequently, he stood for the presidency and a parliamentary seat for the minor KENDA party formed by Mukaru Ng'ang'a, but Wamwere got only 0.16% of the presidential votes and failed to win a parliamentary seat. He went to exile once again in 1998.
At the 2002 parliamentary elections he was part of the victorious NARC coalition and he won the Subukia parliamentary seat and served as an Assistant Minister for Information in the Mwai Kibaki administration. He lost the seat at the 2007 elections, at that time representing the little-known Chama Cha Mwanachi party. He continue to write, mainly op-ed articles in the Kenyan press. He owns Sauti Ya Mwananchi, a radio station in Nakuru.
He is the author of A Woman Reborn, Justice on Trial, and I Refuse to Die, amongst other books.
Awards
1995, Helman/Hammet Grant for Persecuted Writers, Human Rights Watch
1996, Ossietzky Award, Pen International Norway
2000, Human Rights Defender designed, Speak Truth to Power
Books
A Woman Reborn, Speak Books (1980)Conscience on Trial: Why I Was Detained : Notes of a Political Prisoner in Kenya, Africa World Press (1988)
People’s Representative and the Tyrants, New Concept Typesetters (1992)Dream of freedom Views Media (1997)
Tears of The Heart: A Portrait of Racism in Norway and Europe (2000)
I Refuse to Die: My Journey for Freedom, Seven Stories Press (2003),
Negative Ethnicity: From Bias to Genocide, Seven Stories Press (2003), Towards Genocide in Kenya: The Curse of Negative Ethnicity, Mvule Africa (2008)
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Koigi wa Wamwere
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Hectic is the debut EP by the American ska punk band Operation Ivy. It was released in January 1988 through Lookout! Records (LK 003). Hectic is credited as one of the first ska-core records.
In 1991, all 6 tracks from Hectic were later released on the self-titled compilation album, which also featured all the tracks from Energy and two tracks from the Turn It Around! compilation. Hectic was re-released on 12-inch vinyl by Hellcat Records on April 18, 2012.
Larry Livermore, founder of Lookout! Records, has said that Lookout! was founded solely to release an Operation Ivy record. Lookout! Records was in fact started with simply a PO Box in order to release records by Livermore's own band, The Lookouts. This was said to emphasize Operation Ivy's importance in Lookout! Records' catalog.
Influence
Hectic is often overshadowed by Energy, mainly because the songs on Hectic are included on Energy. However, Hectic is widely regarded as the first ska-core record.
Track listing
Personnel
Jesse Michaels – lead vocals
Lint – guitar, backing vocals, lead vocals on intro of "Here We Go Again"
Matt McCall – bass, backing vocals
Dave Mello – drums, backing vocals
Additional musicians
Pat Mello – backing vocals
Production
Kevin Army – producer, engineer
Operation Ivy – producers
John Golden – mastering
Jesse Michaels – cover art, booklet
David Hayes (credited as “Sprocket”) – back cover, labels
Murray Bowles; Cammie Toloui; Cesar Rubio; Vivian Sayles – photography
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Hectic
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The National Clearinghouse on Marital and Date Rape was an American research center that compiled and provided information on date and marital rape cases, and on legislation regarding them, and media publications on these subjects, as well as acting as an advocate for marital and date rape victims. It began in 1978 as a project of the Women's History Research Center, with Laura X as its director. It published a pamphlet on the landmark 1978 Oregon v. Rideout case, in which a man was acquitted of raping his wife; the case was the first time in American history a husband was tried for raping his wife while they were living together. In 1983 the National Clearinghouse on Marital and Date Rape conducted the world's first conference on marital rape. In 2004 the Clearinghouse closed, but it maintains its website for posterity.
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National Clearinghouse on Marital and Date Rape
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The Lockheed Air Express was the second aircraft design created by the Lockheed Aircraft Company after its founding in 1927; the type first flew in April 1928.
Description
The Air Express design incorporated the original fuselage of the Vega, but in order to meet the requirements of Western Air Express, the wing was raised to a parasol configuration above the fuselage and the cockpit was moved behind the wing, while a more powerful Pratt & Whitney Wasp engine was fitted to ease operations over the Sierra Nevada mountains. The design was a commercial success for the company although only seven were built, plus one Air Express Special.
No Air Expresses have survived to the present day. One, registered NR3057, was flown by Roscoe Turner.
Variants
Lockheed 3 Air Express Single-engined passenger and mail transport aircraft, seating between four and six passengers in an enclosed cabin, able to carry up to 1,000-lb (454-kg) of mail, powered by a 410-hp (306-kW) Pratt & Whitney Wasp radial piston engine; seven built.
Air Express Special One-off version built for Laura Ingalls, for a non-stop trans-Atlantic flight in 1931; one built.
Operators
Panair do Brasil
American Airways
New York, Rio, and Buenos Aires Line
Pan American Airways
Texas Air Transport
Western Air Express
Specifications
See also
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Lockheed Air Express
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Peccari may refer to:
Peccary (also javelina or skunk pig), a medium-sized hoofed mammal of the family Tayassuidae (New World pigs) in the suborder Suina
Pecari, a genus of mammals in the peccary family, Tayassuidae
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Peccari
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Route 318 is a collector road in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.
It is located in the Halifax Regional Municipality and connects Dartmouth at Exit 6 of Highway 111 with Waverley at Trunk 2.
It is also called "Waverley Road" and "Braemar Drive." The road follows the north shore of Lake Micmac, Lake Charles, Nova Scotia, and Lake William, which comprise part of the historic Shubenacadie Canal route.
History
Highway 318 was formerly designated as Trunk Highway 18.
Communities
Dartmouth
Port Wallace
Portobello
Waverley
See also
List of Nova Scotia provincial highways
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Nova Scotia Route 318
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William Richard Watkins (22 June 1904 – 15 October 1986) was an English cricketer.
Bill Watkins was born in Ealing, Middlesex and represented Middlesex as a right-handed batsman and a right-arm slow bowler in 27 first-class matches between 1930 and 1937. He scored 626 runs (average 17.38), with a highest score of 83, his only half century and took 8 catches. He also took 7 wickets (at an average cost of 35.42).
One of his proudest moments was batting with Patsy Hendren at Dudley in 1933, when Hendren made his highest score of 301 not out versus Worcestershire.
He also played for MCC between 1937 and 1947 and coached the MCC Groundstaff. He retired from this role in 1969, but remained well known at Lord's up to the time of his death at Norwood Green.
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William Richard Watkins
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Schwanewede is a municipality in the district of Osterholz, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 14 km west of Osterholz-Scharmbeck, and 22 km northwest of Bremen.
It belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen. In 1648, the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which first was ruled by the Swedish in personal union. In 1715, the Hanoverian Crown started to rule over Schwanwede until 1823, in which the Duchy was abolished, leading all of its territory to become part of the Stade Region.
Schwanewede consists of 12 smaller villages which form the municipality of Schwanewede, namely Beckedorf, Löhnhorst, Meyenburg, Aschwarden, Neuenkirchen, Brundorf, Eggestedt, Harriersand, Hinnebeck, Leuchtenburg and Rade.
The Farge concentration camp is located in Schwanewede-Neuenkirchen.
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Schwanewede
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Guyle Abner Fielder (born November 21, 1930) is an American-born Canadian former professional ice hockey center. He is most known for his time in the minor Western Hockey League, where he played from 1952 to 1973. Fielder also played 9 regular season and 6 playoff games in the National Hockey League between 1951 and 1958. He is the fourth-leading scorer in professional ice hockey history, behind Wayne Gretzky, Jaromír Jágr and Gordie Howe, and holds the career records for minor-league ice hockey for the most games played, assists and points scored.
Playing career
Fielder moved to Nipawin, Saskatchewan with his Canadian parents at an early age and played junior hockey in Prince Albert and Lethbridge before turning professional. Fielder's National Hockey League (NHL) career consisted of 15 games for the Chicago Black Hawks, Detroit Red Wings and Boston Bruins. He played a total of 22 seasons in the Western Hockey League (WHL), mainly for the Seattle Totems, as well as for the New Westminster Royals, the Salt Lake Golden Eagles and the Portland Buckaroos. He also played a single season for the St. Louis Flyers of the American Hockey League and had short stints with the Quebec Aces and the Edmonton Flyers.
Fielder won Rookie of the Year honors with New Westminster in 1952. He was a six-time WHL MVP, including four consecutive awards between 1957 and 1960, the league scoring leader nine times (including two stints of three straight) and a three-time honoree as most gentlemanly player. He won Rookie of the Year honors after his one AHL season in 1953. He was drafted by the Houston Aeros of the WHA in 1972, but chose to remain out west, playing his final season for the Buckaroos in 1973 before retiring.
Among Fielder's scoring feats were four seasons of more than 100 points and 10 seasons of 70 assists or more. His 122 points in 1957 broke the professional record. He retired having scored 438 goals and 1,491 assists for 1,929 points. His point total set a professional record, exceeding Gordie Howe's output to that point, and is still the all-time minor league mark. His assist total is first all-time in the minor leagues, and is double that of his nearest rival. Fielder played in 1,487 games, also the all-time minor league record.
The Seattle Kraken created the Guyle Fielder Award to recognize the player who best exemplifies Fielder's "perseverance, hustle and dedication" over the course of a season. Yanni Gourde won the inaugural award on April 29, 2022.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
Career achievements
Ed Bruchet Trophy (awarded to the MVP of the WCJHL) – 1950
WHL Rookie of the Year – 1952
Dudley "Red" Garrett Memorial Award winner (awarded to the AHL Rookie of the Year) – 1953
9× WHL leading scorer – 1954, 1957–1960, 1963–1965, 1967
6× George Leader Cup winner (awarded to the WHL MVP) – 1957–1960, 1964, 1967
3× Fred J. Hume Cup winner (awarded to the most gentlemanly player in the WHL) – 1966, 1967, 1969
AHL First All-Star Team – 1953
WHL First All-Star Team – 1954, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1963, 1964, 1967
WHL Second All-Star Team – 1961, 1965, 1966, 1968
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Guyle Fielder
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Olga Gorelli, (June 14, 1920 Bologna, Italy, died February 18, 2006) was well known for her musical talents as a composer and pianist.
Life and career
Olga Gorelli, maiden name Gratch, immigrated to the United States in 1937 with her family and settled in New Jersey. She married a physician, and had two children. She was a resident of Pennington, New Jersey.
Gorelli began composing as a child in Italy and her first little piano pieces were published in Italy when she was ten years old. She pursued her music studies in the U.S., graduating from Immaculata College, the Curtis Institute of Music, Smith College, and the Yale University School of Music, and pursued graduate work at the Eastman School of Music. Her teachers included Rosario Scalero, Gian Carlo Menotti, Quincy Porter, Paul Hindemith, and Darius Milhaud.
Gorelli taught music theory at Hollins College, and piano at Trenton State College. She also taught privately at her home and composed each morning up until the last weeks of her life.
She has written orchestral and choral pieces, many songs for voice with various instruments, a mass, two operas, two dance dramas, and several works for different combinations of strings, brass, and woodwinds.
Recordings
Rosenfeld, Jayn and Vas, Meg. "The River." By Olga Gorelli. Jersey Sessions, Volume 2. Composers Guild of New Jersey (CGNJ1290), 1990. CD.
Cervantes, Ana. "Serenade: I Carry Your Heart With Me." By Olga Gorelli. Amore de la Danza. Ana L. Cervantes and John Baker Recordings (CERV1198), December 1998, July 2002. CD.
Anderson, William and Wolf, Marc. "Paolo e Francesca." By Olga Gorelli. Hausmusik. 20th Century Chamber Music for the Home. Furious Artisans (FACD6802), 2000. Innova (INNOVA310), 2010. CD.
Anderson, William and Wolf, Marc. "Silent Moon." By Olga Gorelli. Hausmusik. 20th Century Chamber Music for the Home. Furious Artisans (FACD6802), 2000. Innova (INNOVA310), 2010. CD.
Anderson, William and Wolf, Marc. "Mechanical Man." By Olga Gorelli. Hausmusik. 20th Century Chamber Music for the Home. Furious Artisans (FACD6802), 2000. Innova (INNOVA310), 2010. CD.
Pedagogical writings
Manual for teaching music skills. Book 1. With songs by Olga Gorelli. Minneapolis, T.S. Denison. 53p. T.S. Denison & Co. Inc. 27 March 1968; Library of Congress record A97B936. Accessed July 5, 2011.
Manual for teaching music skills. Book 3. With songs by Olga Gorelli. Minneapolis, T.S. Denison. 65 p. T.S. Denison & Co., Inc. 10 Dec 1968; Library of Congress record A35636. Accessed July 5, 2011.
Notes
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Olga Gorelli
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Nonpoint source, or non-point source, or NPS, is a source that does not come from a single point.
Point source, contrasts with nonpoint source
Nonpoint source pollution, water pollution
Nonpoint source water pollution regulations, water pollution regulations
See also
Nonpoint
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Nonpoint source
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An operating subsidiary is a subsidiary of a corporation through which the parent company (which may or may not be a holding company) indirectly conducts some portion of its business. Usually, an operating subsidiary can be distinguished in that even if its board of directors and officers overlap with those of other entities in the same corporate group, it has at least some officers and employees who conduct business operations primarily on behalf of the subsidiary alone (that is, they work directly for the subsidiary). The term carries slightly different meanings depending upon the specific context and industry.
A non-operating subsidiary, in contrast, is a subsidiary that exists on paper, but does not have any assets or employees of its own and therefore cannot function independently as a going business concern. Thus, its only actual business "operations" may consist of its officers entering into contracts with other corporate entities (which may or may not be within the same corporate group) to borrow their assets or employees.
Examples
Multinational corporations often conduct business in many countries (including their own home country) through operating subsidiaries established for particular countries. As long as all legal formalities are strictly observed (to preclude piercing the corporate veil), this will limit the parent's exposure to a local legal system (liability, tax, etc.), since from a domestic perspective, the parent is merely a majority shareholder of a local corporation's stock.
In the U.S. banking industry, the term refers to a subsidiary of a bank through which the bank chooses to indirectly conduct some part of its banking business (or related businesses like insurance). To prevent banks from concealing their true structure or strength from regulators, they are required to give public notice of certain transactions with certain operating subsidiaries.
In the U.S. railroad industry, the term refers to a company that is a subsidiary but operates with its own identity and rolling stock. In contrast, a non-operating subsidiary would exist on paper only, but for operating purposes would use the identity and rolling stock of the parent company.
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Operating subsidiary
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The Catholic Church in Rwanda is part of the worldwide Catholic Church.
There are just over five million Catholics in Rwanda - about half of the total population. The country is divided into nine dioceses including one archdiocese. The Rwandan government reported in 2012 that 43% of the Rwanda's population is Catholic.
In 2020, there were 939 priest and 2219 nuns serving across 205 parishes.
On 2022 worldpopulationreview.com reported that 56.9% of Rwanda population are Catholic.
History
On November 20, 2016, the Catholic Church in Rwanda released a statement apologizing for the role of its members in the genocide in 1994. "We apologize for all the wrongs the church committed. We apologize on behalf of all Christians for all forms of wrongs we committed. We regret that church members violated (their) oath of allegiance to God's commandments. Forgive us for the crime of hate in the country to the extent of also hating our colleagues because of their ethnicity. We didn't show that we are one family but instead killed each other," said a statement signed by the nine bishops constituting the Catholic Episcopal Conference of Rwanda.
Notable Catholic Rwandans
Immaculée Ilibagiza, author who has detailed her experience of the 1994 Rwandan genocide through the lens of her Catholic faith.
See also
Religion in Rwanda
List of Catholic dioceses in Rwanda
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Catholic Church in Rwanda
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Piasek (literally sand) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pszczyna, within Pszczyna County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It lies approximately north of Pszczyna and south of the regional capital Katowice.
History
In the Middle Ages, the area was part of the territory of the Vistulans tribe, one of the Polish tribes. It became part of the emerging Polish state in the 10th century. As a result of the fragmentation of Poland, it was part of the Polish Seniorate Province and Duchy of Racibórz. The village was first mentioned in 1468 as de Piasek.
Afterwards, the village passed under Bohemian (Czech) suzerainty, and in the 15th century, it became part of the newly formed Duchy of Pszczyna. During the political upheaval caused by Matthias Corvinus the duchy was overtaken in 1480 by Casimir II, Duke of Cieszyn from the Piast dynasty, who sold it in 1517 to the Hungarian magnates of the Thurzó family, forming the Pless state country. In the accompanying sales document issued on 21 February 1517 the village was mentioned as Pyesek. Along with the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1526 it became part of the Habsburg monarchy. In the War of the Austrian Succession most of Silesia was conquered by the Kingdom of Prussia, including the village, and in 1871 it became part of the German Empire. After World War I, Poland regained independence, and following the subsequent Polish Silesian Uprisings against Germany, the village was reintegrated with the reborn Polish state.
During the invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the village was invaded by Germany, and was one of the sites of executions of Poles carried out by German troops (see Nazi crimes against the Polish nation). During the subsequent German occupation, the occupiers established and operated the E548 forced labour subcamp of the Stalag VIII-B/344 prisoner-of-war camp in the village.
Sports
The local football team is Czarni Piasek. It competes in the lower leagues.
Notable people
(1937–2009), Polish mathematician, university lecturer, deputy mayor of Katowice
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Piasek
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George Dominic Murray (July 6, 1889 – June 18, 1956) was an admiral in the United States Navy and an early naval aviator.
Biography
Murray was born in Boston, Massachusetts, attended the U.S. Naval Academy, graduating in 1911 and becoming naval aviator number 22 in 1915.
At the beginning of 1924, he was the commander of Torpedo and Bombing Squadron 20 (VT-20). In January, his squadron of seaplanes was transferred from San Diego to the Philippines aboard to provide air support for the Asiatic Fleet.
During World War II, Murray commanded the aircraft carrier , from 21 March 1941 to 30 June 1942, which included the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo and the Battle of Midway.
From 17 August 1944 to 20 July 1945, he commanded U.S. Naval Air Forces, Pacific Fleet.
At the end of the war, Murray was the commander of the Mariana Islands, and accepted the Japanese surrender of the Caroline Islands aboard his flagship, the cruiser .
He commanded the First Fleet from August 1947 to August 1948.
He retired as a full admiral in 1951, died in San Francisco, California, on 18 June 1956, and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
In 1961, Murray was posthumously designated the third recipient of the Gray Eagle Award, as the most senior active naval aviator from 1947 until his retirement.
Personal life
Murray is the stepfather of Vice Admiral Lloyd M. Mustin, the step grandfather of Vice Admiral Henry C. Mustin, and the step great grandfather of Vice Admiral John B. Mustin.
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George D. Murray
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Knight Moves is a 1992 thriller film, directed by Carl Schenkel and written by Brad Mirman, about a chess grandmaster who is accused of several grisly murders.
Plot
In 1972 David and Peter face each other in a chess match. David, the loser, stabs the winner Peter with a fountain pen. The loser's savage attack on his childhood opponent after his public humiliation and defeat leads to the dissolution of his parents' marriage. His father leaves forever, and the boy finds his mother dying from suicide from a slashed wrist, yet he ignores her and retrieves his locked-away chessboard. The boy spends the next twenty years in and out of asylums and foster care and is never seen again.
In the meantime, Peter becomes one of the youngest, most successful chess grandmasters in history. A brilliant yet troubled widower with a beloved daughter, he suddenly finds himself a suspect in his casual lover's murder. When more homicides occur, newly-appointed Police Captain Frank Sedman and his partner Detective Andy Wagner determine that a serial killer is at work. As the chess master becomes more and more connected to the deaths, psychologist Kathy Sheppard is brought in to figure out if the chess prodigy is as innocent as he claims to be.
Cast
Christopher Lambert as Peter Sanderson
Diane Lane as Kathy Sheppard
Tom Skerritt as Captain Frank Sedman
Daniel Baldwin as Detective Andy Wagner
Katharine Isabelle as Erica Sanderson
Charles Bailey-Gates as David Willerman
Blu Mankuma as Steve Nolan
Ferdy Mayne as Jeremy Edmonds
Elizabeth Baldwin as Christie Eastman
Rachel Hayward as Last Victim
Megan Leitch as Mother
Codie Lucas Wilbee as David at nine
Don Thompson as Father
Joshua Murray as Peter at fourteen
Alex Diakun as Grandmaster Lutz
Arthur Brauss as Viktor Yurilivich
Elizabeth Barclay as Loraine Olson
Aundrea MacDonald as Mary Albert
Sam Malkin as Doctor Fulton
Kymberly Sheppard as Detective Janet McLellan
Deryl Hayes as Officer Harton
Kehli O'Byrne as Debi Rutlege
Monica Marko as Miss Greenwell
Production
Filming took place on location in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. The exterior of the hotel is actually Hatley Castle which is part of the Hatley Park National Historic Site. The interiors were filmed in a German studio as well as the Tea Lobby of the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria.
Lambert and Lane were married in real life during the production, having been married from 1988 to 1994.
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 17% based on reviews from six critics.
Box office
The film was a modest financial success in the United States, grossing $560,580 and finishing at 15th in its opening week, it had a total gross of $853,554. In Germany, the film had almost two million viewers. It became Carl Schenkel's most commercially successful movie.
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Knight Moves (film)
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Fagnano Lake (), also called Lake Cami (), is a lake located on the main island of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago, and shared by Argentina and Chile. The 645 km2 lake runs east–west for about 98 kilometres, of which 72.5 km (606 km2) belong to the Argentine Tierra del Fuego Province, and only 13.5 km (39 km2) belong to the Chilean Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region. It has a maximum depth of 449 meters. The southern bank is steep compared to the northern, and expands in a considerably wide and flat piedmont from which both levels of the plateaus can be appreciated. From its western end, the Azopardo River drains towards the Almirantazgo Fjord. On its eastern end is the town of Tolhuin. The lake is located in a pull-apart basin developed along the Magallanes–Fagnano Fault zone.
According to a Selk'nam myth the lake was created alongside the Strait of Magellan and Beagle Channel in places where slingshots fell on earth during Taiyín's fight with a witch who was said to have "retained the waters and the foods".
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Cami Lake
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CD-RW (Compact Disc-Rewritable) is a digital optical disc storage format introduced in 1997. A CD-RW compact disc (CD-RWs) can be written, read, erased, and re-written.
CD-RWs, as opposed to CDs, require specialized readers that have sensitive laser optics. Consequently, CD-RWs cannot be read in many CD readers built prior to the introduction of CD-RW. CD-ROM drives with a "MultiRead" certification are compatible.
CD-RWs must be erased or blanked before reuse. Erasure methods include full blanking where the entire surface of the disc is erased and fast blanking where only metadata areas, such as PMA, TOC and pregap, are cleared. Fast blanking is quicker and usually sufficient to allow rewriting the disc. Full blanking removes all traces of the previous data, and is often used for confidentiality purposes.
CD-RWs can sustain fewer re-writes compared to other storage media (ca. 1,000 compared up to 100,000). They are ideally used for test discs (e.g. for CD authoring), temporary backups, and as a middle-ground between online and offline storage schemes.
CD-MO
Before CD-RW technology, in 1990 a standard for magneto-optical recordable and erasable CDs called CD-MO was introduced and set in the Orange Book, part 1 as a CD with a magneto-optical recording layer. The CD-MO standard allowed for an optional non-erasable zone on the disc that could be read by CD-ROM units.
Data recording (and erasing) was achieved by heating the magneto-optical layer's material (e.g. DyFeCo or less often TbFeCo or GdFeCo) to its Curie point and then using a magnetic field to write the new data, in a manner essentially identical to Sony's MiniDisc and other magneto-optical formats. Reading the discs relied on the Kerr effect a major format flaw. The rewrite could only be read in special drives and was incompatible with non-magneto-optical enabled drives. The format was never released commercially, mostly because of incompatibility with standard CD reading units. Early CD-R media contained a similar compatibility flaw.
Since the CD-MO was otherwise identical to CDs, the format still adopted a spiral-groove recording scheme, rendering the disc poorly suited as a removable medium for repeated, small-scale deletions and recordings. Some magneto-optical drives and media with the same form factor don't have this limitation. Unlike modern CD-RWs, CD-MO allowed for hybrid discs containing both an unmodifiable, pressed section, readable in standard drives, and a writable MO section.
The early introduction and no standards for disc recording software, file systems, and formats, physical incompatibility, coupled with more economical CD-R discs, led to abandoning the format. Other magneto-optical media, unbound by limitations of the typical CD-ROM filesystems, replaced the CD-MO.
Mechanism of action
Rewritable media can, with suitable hardware, be re-written up to . The CD-RW is based on phase change technology, with a degree of reflection at , compared to for CD-R discs. The properties of the medium and the write and erase procedure is defined in the Orange Book Part III.
To maintain a precise rotation speed, tracks have a slight superimposed sinusoidal excursion of at a frequency of . In addition a frequency modulation is applied to provide the recorder with an absolute time reference. Groove width is and pitch of .
The media for CD-RW has the same layers as CD-R media. The reflective layer is, however, a silver-indium-antimony-tellurium (AgInSbTe) alloy with a polycrystalline structure and reflective properties in its original state. When writing the laser beam uses its maximum power () to heat the material to causing material liquefaction. In this state, the alloy loses its polycrystalline structure and reflectivity and assumes an amorphous state. The lost reflectivity serves the same function as bumps on manufactured CDs and the opaque spots on a CD-R are read as a 0. The polycrystalline state of the disc forms the trenches, which are read as 1. The scanning signal when reading is created by strong or weak reflection of the laser beam. To erase the disc, the write beam heats the amorphous regions with low power to about . The alloy is not melted, but returns to the polycrystalline state and is again reflective.
Authoring
During and after a disc authoring the distribution of data on the CD-RW varies. The following areas are present:
PCA: The Power Calibration Area is used to determine the correct power level for the laser.
PMA: The Program Memory Area of a CD-RW is a record of the data recorded on an unfinished or unfinalized disc. It is used as a transition TOC while the session is still open. PMA records may contain information on up to 99 audio tracks and their start and stop times (CD-DA), or sector addresses for the start of data files for each session on a data CD.
PA: The Program Area contains the audio tracks or data files.
SUA: The System User Area The PCA and the PMA grouped together are sometimes denoted as the System User Area.
Each session on a multi-session disc has a corresponding lead-in, PMA, PA and lead-out. When the session is closed TOC information in the PMA is written into a lead-in area and the PCA and PMA are logically eliminated. The lead-out is created to mark the end of the data in the session.
Speed specifications
Like a CD-R, a CD-RW has hardcoded speed specifications which limit recording speeds to fairly restrictive ranges. Unlike a CD-R, a CD-RW has a minimum writing speed under which the discs cannot be recorded, based on the phase change material's heating and cooling time constants and the required laser energy levels. Despite this, some professional audio CD recorders, such as those made by Tascam, use special techniques to bypass these limitations and can record high speed (but not ultra speed) discs in realtime.
Since the CD-RW discs need to be blanked before recording data, writing too slowly or with too low energy on a high speed unblanked disc will cause the phase change layer to cool before blanking is achieved, preventing the data from being properly written.
Similarly, using inappropriately high amounts of laser energy will cause the material to overheat and be insensitive to the data, a situation typical of slower discs used in a high powered and fast specification drive.
For these reasons, older CD-RW drives that lack appropriate firmware and hardware are not compatible with newer, high-speed CD-RW discs, while newer drives can record to older CD-RW discs, provided their firmware correct speed, delay, and power settings can be appropriately set.
The actual reading speed of CD-RW discs, however, is not directly correlated or bound to speed specification, but depends primarily on the reading drive's capabilities.
Many half-height CD and DVD writers released between 2004 and 2010, including the TSSTcorp SH-M522 combo drive (2004), Pioneer DVR-110D (2005), Hitachi-LG GSA-4167 (2005), TSSTcorp SH-S182/S183 (2006) and SH-S203/TS-H653B (2007) have officially adapted support for CD-RW UltraSpeed Plus (32× Z-CLV), while more recent DVD writers such as the SH-224DB (2013) and Blu-Ray writers such as the LG BE16NU50 (2016) have downgraded the backwards compatibility to CD-RW UltraSpeed (24× Z-CLV).
Slim type optical drives are subject to physical limitations, thus are not able to attain rotation speeds of half-height (desktop) optical drives. They usually support CD-RW writing speeds of 16× or 24× Z-CLV in zones of 10× CLV, 16× CLV, 20× CLV and 24× CLV towards the outer edge, of which the highest speed zone depends on availability.
See also
List of optical disc manufacturers
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CD-RW
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Cochin Shipyard Ltd (CSL) is the largest shipbuilding and maintenance facility in India. It is part of a line of maritime-related facilities in the port-city of Kochi, in the state of Kerala, India. Of the services provided by the shipyard are building platform supply vessels and double-hulled oil tankers. It built the first indigenous aircraft carrier for the Indian Navy, the . The company has Miniratna status.
History
Cochin Shipyard was incorporated in 1972 as a Government of India company, with the first phase of facilities coming online in 1982.
In August 2012, the Government of India announced plans of divestment to raise capital of Rs. 15 billion for further expansion through an initial public offering (IPO) towards the end of the fiscal year. The government finalised the decision of stake sale on 18 November 2015. 33.9 million shares will be sold, out of which the government is holding shares while the others are fresh equity. However, this did not materialise until August 2017, when the company conducted its IPO and listed its shares on the BSE and NSE.
Activities
The yard has facilities to build vessels up to 1,10,000 deadweight tonnage (DWT) and repair vessels up to 1,25,000 DWT.
Shipbuilding
The first ship to roll out of the Cochin Shipyard was the MV Rani Padmini in 1981.
The yard has delivered two of India's largest double-hull Aframax tankers each of .
CSL has secured shipbuilding orders from internationally renowned companies from Europe and the Middle East. The shipyard is building six bulk carriers for Clipper Group of the Bahamas and the first three vessels have been launched.
Eight platform supply vessels for the Norwegian Seatankers Management Company, are also under construction.
INS Vikrant
Cochin Shipyard built India's first indigenous aircraft carrier. (formerly, the Project 71 "Air Defence Ship") is the first aircraft carrier of the Indian Navy to be designed and built in India. The carrier will be the largest warship built by CSL. In February 2020, all major structural and outfitting work was declared complete. On 4 August, sea trials finally began. Five day long sea trials were successfully completed on 8 August 2021. On 2 September 2022, The ship was commissioned.
Ship repair
The shipyard started offering ship repair services in 1982 and has undertaken upgrades and repairs for all types of ships including ships for the oil exploration industry as well as scheduled maintenance and life extension for ships of the Indian Navy, Indian Coast Guard, the Union territory of Lakshadweep, Fisheries and Cochin Port Trust, SCI and the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC). It has performed major overhauls for the aircraft carrier, INS Viraat.
It has also performed major overhauls for the aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya two times on 2016 and 2018 respectively.
Recently CSL was awarded major maintenance and upgrade orders from ONGC. This included major overhaul of three rigs, Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit (MODU) Sagar Vijay, Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit Sagar Bhushan and Jackup rig Sagar Kiran.
Others
The shipyard also trains graduate engineers in marine engineering. Around one hundred students are trained each year.
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Cochin Shipyard
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Santa Fe National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery in the city of Santa Fe, in Santa Fe County, New Mexico. It encompasses , and as of 2021, had 68,000 interments. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it is one of two national cemeteries in New Mexico (the other being Fort Bayard). It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.
History
The first known burial in the cemetery occurred in 1868 prior to the formal establishment of the land as a national cemetery. Though New Mexico only played a small part in the American Civil War, the cemetery was created after the war to inter the Union soldiers who died fighting there, primarily at the Battle of Glorieta Pass. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santa Fe donated the land to the federal government in 1870. In 1876 its status was changed to a post cemetery, but in 1885 it became a national cemetery once again. The remains of Governor Charles Bent, the first American governor of the Territory of New Mexico, were among 47 bodies removed in 1895 from the old Masonic Cemetery in Santa Fe to the national cemetery. Between 1896 and
1912, the government moved remains here from several abandoned forts which had small post cemeteries including Apache and Grant in Arizona, Hatch and Wingate in New Mexico, and Duchesne in Utah among many other smaller posts. In 1953, the government acquired an additional 25 acres, bringing the cemetery to 34 acres. On
June 23, 1987, the remains of 31 Confederate soldiers of the Texas Mounted Volunteers who were killed or died as a result of wounds during the Battle of Glorieta Pass were discovered in a mass grave on the battlefield. Three were identified and 28 who could not be identified were reburied in Section K together. In 2007 the remains of sixty-four federal soldiers and civilians discovered by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation at the site of Fort Craig were relocated to here. In 2017 the Veterans Administration was unsuccessful in purchasing six acres of land adjacent to the cemetery and current estimates are that the site will be at capacity before 2030.
Notable monuments
Memorial made of granite and bronze dedicated to World War II Glider Pilots, erected in 1994.
Memorial to "Women Who Served in the Navy" erected in 1995.
The China-Burma-India Veterans Memorial, dedicated to World War II veterans, erected in 2002.
The Navajo Code Talkers Memorial, erected in 2013.
Notable interments
Medal of Honor recipients
First Lieutenant Alexander Bonnyman Jr., for action at the Battle of Tarawa during World War II
Watertender Edward A. Clary, for peace time service on board USS Hopkins
Private Edwin L. Elwood, for action in Arizona Territory during the Indian Wars
Specialist Four Daniel D. Fernandez, for action during the Vietnam War
Corporal Jacob Guenther, for action in Arizona Territory during the Indian Wars
Second Lieutenant Raymond G. Murphy USMC, for action in Korea on February 3, 1953
Corporal Thomas Murphy, US Army, for action in the Indian Wars
Yuma Indian and Army Scout Sergeant Y. B. Rowdy, for action in Arizona Territory during the Indian Wars
Captain Robert S. Scott, for action in World War II
Private First Class Jose F. Valdez, for action during World War II
Others
Captain George Nicholas Bascom, Union officer killed in the Battle of Val Verde in 1862
Governor Charles Bent, first American governor of New Mexico Territory
Lieutenant Colonel José Francisco Chaves, Union Army officer during the American Civil War, U.S. Representative from the New Mexico Territory
John O. Crosby, musician, conductor and arts administrator, U.S. Army Veteran
Tony Hillerman, novelist and journalist
Van Dorn Hooker, University architect for the University of New Mexico
Patrick J. Hurley, Major General, World War I and World War II, U.S. Ambassador to China from (1944–45), and Secretary of War for President Herbert Hoover
James B. Jones, lieutenant governor of New Mexico
Jack P. Juhan, Marine Corps Major General
Oliver La Farge, 1930 Pulitzer Prize winning author of the novel Laughing Boy, Army Major during World War II
Francis W. Nye, Air Force Major General during World War II and Korean War
James P. Riseley, Marine Corps Lieutenant General
William G. Ritch, acting Governor of the New Mexico Territory, member of the Wisconsin State Senate
John Bristol Speer, attorney, judge, politician, and writer
Roy Tackett, Marine Corps Master Sergeant credited with the introduction of Sci-Fi to Japan and co-founder of Bubonicon
Valentin de Vargas, actor, U.S. Army veteran.
Frank Chee Willeto, Navajo code talker, Congressional Silver Medal recipient and Vice President of the Navajo Nation (1998–1999)
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Santa Fe County, New Mexico
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Santa Fe National Cemetery
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Paul Harris may refer to:
Entertainment
Paul Harris (actor) (1917–1985), African-American character actor
Paul Harris (artist) (1925–2018), American artist and sculptor
Paul Harris (author) (1948–2018), author and publisher, based in Scotland
Paul Harris (choreographer), English
Paul Harris (DJ), English DJ, producer and member of house music group Dirty Vegas
Paul Harris (film critic) (born 1950), Australian
Paul Harris (magician), American
Paul Harris (musician), American keyboards player and musician
Paul Harris (Home and Away), fictional character in Australian soap opera Home and Away
Sports
Paul Harris (American football) (born 1954), American football player
Paul Harris (basketball) (born 1986), American
Paul Harris (Bedfordshire cricketer) (born 1955), English cricketer for Bedfordshire 1976–80
Paul Harris (South African cricketer) (born 1978), for Northerns, Titans, Western Province and Warwickshire
Rousimar Palhares (born 1980), Brazilian mixed martial artist (known in America as Paul Harris)
Politics
Sir Paul Harris, 2nd Baronet (1595–1644), English baronet and Surveyor of the Ordnance
Paul Harris (politician) (born 1953), member of the Washington House of Representatives
Paul Clinton Harris (born 1964), Virginia House of Delegates
Other
Paul Harris (public servant) (born 1946), head of Electoral Commission in New Zealand
Paul L. Harris (born 1946), child psychologist
Paul Harris (Rotary) (1868–1947), lawyer who founded the Rotary Club in 1905
Paul Harris, name on the passport of the British activist Tommy Robinson (real name Stephen Yaxley-Lennon) a founder of the English Defence League)
Paul Harris, lawyer, chairman of the Hong Kong Bar Association from 2021
See also
Paul Harriss (1954–2022), Australian politician
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Paul Harris
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Ahmose-Meritamun (or Ahmose-Meritamon) was a Queen of Egypt during the early Eighteenth Dynasty. She was both the older sister and the wife of Pharaoh Amenhotep I. She died fairly young and was buried in tomb TT358 in Deir el-Bahari.
Biography
Ahmose-Meritamun was the royal daughter of Ahmose I and Ahmose Nefertari, and became the Great Royal Wife of her younger brother Amenhotep I, pharaoh of Ancient Egypt in the Eighteenth Dynasty.
Meritamun took over the role of God's Wife of Amun from her mother Ahmose Nefertari. Other titles recorded for Meritamun include: lady of the two lands (nbt-t3wy), (Great) King's Wife (ḥmt-nswt(-wrt)), mistress of the entire two lands (ḥnwt-tꜣwy-tm), god's wife (ḥmt-ntr), united with the white crown (ẖnmt-nfr-ḥḏt), king's daughter (sꜣt-nswt), and king's sister (snt-niswt).
The title king's mother (mwt-niswt) is also recorded in later sources, even though she was never the mother of a king.
A limestone statue of this queen was discovered by Giovanni Belzoni while he was working in Karnak in 1817.
Ahmose-Meritamun is depicted in the tomb of Inherkau (TT359) which dates to the 20th Dynasty as one of the "Lords of the West". She is shown in the top row behind Queen Ahhotep I and in front of Queen Sitamun.
Death and burial
Her remains were discovered at Deir el-Bahri in TT358 in 1930 by Herbert Eustis Winlock. Her mummy was found in two cedarwood coffins and a cartonage outer case. Her mummy had been rewrapped and reburied by priests who had found her tomb that had been vandalized by robbers. It appears that she died when she was relatively young, with evidence of being afflicted with arthritis and scoliosis.
The outer coffin (now in the Egyptian Museum, JE 53140) is over 10 ft in size and is made from cedar planks which are joined and carved to a uniform thickness throughout the coffin. The eyes and eyebrows are inlaid with glass. The body is carefully carved with chevrons painted in blue to create the illusion of feathers. The coffin was covered in gold which had been stripped in antiquity. The inner coffin was smaller, but still over 6 ft tall. The inner coffin had also been covered in gold but stripped of this precious metal. The mummy had been carefully rewrapped during the reign of Pinedjem I. Inscriptions record that the linen used in the reburial was made in year 18 of Pinedjem by the High Priest of Amun Masaharta, son of Pinedjem I. The reburial took place in year 19, month 3 of the winter, day 28.
In April 2021 her mummy was moved from the Museum of Egyptian Antiquities to National Museum of Egyptian Civilization along with those of 3 other queens and 18 kings in an event termed the Pharaohs' Golden Parade.
See also
Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt Family Tree
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Ahmose-Meritamun
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Phillip Michael Boyle (born July 21, 1961) is an American politician who served as the Senator for the 4th District of the New York Senate from 2013 to 2022. He is a Republican. The district he served includes the villages of Babylon, Brightwaters, Lindenhurst, Ocean Beach, Saltaire in Suffolk County on Long Island.
Early life and education
Boyle was born in Bay Shore, New York, and grew up in Islip. He attended the State University of New York at Geneseo, and transferred to University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill where he graduated with a Bachelor's Degree in Political Science. He attended Albany Law School where he got his Juris Doctor degree, and also received a Master's in Public Administration from the Rockefeller College of Public Affairs and Policy at the SUNY at Albany. Boyle was a founding partner in the law firm of Steinberg & Boyle, LLP, located in East Islip, New York.
Boyle and his wife, Victoria Ryan, reside in Bay Shore. Boyle is the stepfather to Patrick and Sarah Ryan.
Career
Boyle served several years on Capitol Hill as a senior congressional aide. He was the legislative director to Frank Horton (R-Rochester) and a campaign manager and chief of staff for Rick Lazio (R-Brightwaters).
In 1994, Boyle was elected to the New York State Assembly as a representative of the 8th Assembly District, which encompassed portions of the Suffolk County towns of Islip and Babylon. He did not seek reelection in 2002 after redistricting divided his district between a strongly Democratic district and a district represented by fellow Republican Thomas F. Barraga.
However, when Barraga ran for the Suffolk County legislature and won, Boyle won a special election to replace him in the Assembly. In 2012, Boyle decided to run for election to the New York Senate, winning a tough race against County Legislator Ricardo Montano 52% to 48%.
In 2017, Boyle ran for Suffolk County Sheriff, but lost the Republican primary to Lawrence M. Zacarese. He then ran for the New York State Supreme Court, and lost.
Senate
In 2013, Boyle voted in favor of the SAFE Act, to enact an assault weapons ban, to limit the number of rounds allowed in a magazine to seven, and to raise the legal age to own a rifle or shotgun. In 2020, the National Rifle Association gave Boyle a 42 percent rating.
In 2017, Boyle introduced legislation to ban minors from purchasing machetes. The bill passed the Senate, but was not voted on in the Assembly. This followed several machete attacks associated with the gang MS-13 in Suffolk County.
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Phil Boyle
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Walt Disney Comics Digest was one of three digest size comics published by Gold Key Comics in the early 1970s. The other two were Mystery Comics Digest and Golden Comics Digest. It was the first digest-sized regular Disney comic published in the US, and was very successful, offering relief from the company's slipping comic book sales.
Walt Disney Comics Digest was published for 57 issues from 1968 to 1976. The contents consisted of both new material and reprints, mainly from the various licensed Disney properties published by Gold Key. Most focused on the Disney animated characters (Mickey Mouse et al., Donald Duck et al., Junior Woodchucks, Uncle Scrooge, Gyro Gearloose, Chip 'n' Dale, Scamp, Peter Pan, etc.), but also included adaptations of live action Disney films and TV shows, such as 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, Zorro, True Life Adventures, Summer Magic, Kidnapped, and more.
The new material was mostly drawn by Paul Murry, Tony Strobl, Pete Alvarado and Al Hubbard, and featured characters from Song of the South, Bambi, Dumbo, Little Hiawatha and The Jungle Book.
A new character, the cowboy hero Buck Duck, was introduced in issue #7 (Jan 1969), in the Murry story "When You Show Your Gums... Smile!" Buck, "the Last of the Good Guys", lived in the Old West town of Bootsville with his trusty horse Spot. Buck had a laconic personality who spoke little, and when he did speak he used terse sentences of monosyllabic words. The Sheriff was a cowardly fowl named Chicken Duck, and the love interest was represented by Calamity Duck, who owned a sarsaparilla saloon. Buck made five appearances in Walt Disney Comics Digest; the last story, "Showdown in Dishwater Gully", was published in issue #42 (Aug 1973). Buck also appeared in a 1970 Donald Duck story, and a 1977 Chip 'n' Dale story.
Walt Disney Comics Digest also featured six stories with the rarely seen character Glory-Bee, introduced in the Mickey Mouse comic strip in 1969. Glory-Bee first appeared in Digest in "The Goofy Trap" (issue #33, Feb 1972); her final appearance in the comic was in "Hero for a Day" (issue #53, June 1975).
Besides stories, there were various text features, including puzzle pages and Minnie Mouse's Hollywood gossip column, plus reprints of Disney's panel comic strips Merry Menagerie and True Life Adventures.
Initially, the digest was 196 pages, but gradually shrunk until the last issues were 132 pages. As distinguished from standard comics, the digest was square-bound with a glued binding. In many cases, stories were reformatted to fit the digest format.
See also
Disney comics
Disney comics titles in the USA:
Mickey Mouse Magazine (1935-1940)
Walt Disney's Comics and Stories (1940–present)
Donald Duck (1942-2017)
Mickey Mouse (1943-2017)
Uncle Scrooge (1952–present)
Walt Disney Comics Digest (1968-1976)
Uncle Scrooge Adventures (1987-1997)
Mickey Mouse Adventures (1990-1991)
Donald Duck Adventures (1988-1998)
Walt Disney Giant (1995-1996)
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Walt Disney Comics Digest
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The Belgian National Orchestra (, ) is a Belgian orchestra, based in Brussels. Its principal concert venue is the Brussels Centre for Fine Arts (Bozar). The orchestra also gives concerts outside of Brussels in such cities as Sankt-Vith and Hasselt.
History
The orchestra was founded in 1931 by Désiré Defauw as the Brussels Symphony Orchestra, and later reorganized in 1936 into its present form. With its base in the Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels and subsidized by the Belgian government, the BNO performs 70 concerts each season in Belgium and abroad, employing 96 musicians. It specializes in the music of the 19th and 20th centuries and film scores. In 2003, contestants in the final round of the Queen Elisabeth Music Competition were accompanied by the orchestra, under the direction of Gilbert Varga.
Prior to the 1958 appointment of André Cluytens as its music director and permanent conductor, the NOB worked with various conductors including Désiré Defauw, Karl Böhm, Erich Kleiber, and Pierre Monteux. In February 2016, the NOB announced the appointment of Hugh Wolff as its next chief conductor, effective with the 2017–2018 season. Wolff is scheduled to stand down as chief conductor at the close of the 2021–2022 season, and subsequently to take the title of dirigent emeritus (conductor emeritus) for two seasons.
In June 2019, Antony Hermus first guest-conducted the orchestra. Hermus returned for an additional guest-conducting appearance in October 2020. In July 2021, the orchestra announced the appointment of Hermus as its next chief conductor, effective with the 2022–2023 season, with an initial contract of four seasons. In September 2021, the orchestra announced the appointments of Michael Schønwandt as its new associate conductor, and of Roberto González-Monjas as its new principal guest conductor.
Music directors and principal conductors
André Cluytens (1958–1967)
Michael Gielen (1969–1971)
André Vandernoot (1974–1985)
Georges Octors (1985–1989)
Mendi Rodan (1983–1989)
Ronald Zollman (1989–1993)
Yuri Simonov (1994–2002)
Mikko Franck (2002–2007)
Walter Weller (2007–2012)
Andrey Boreyko (2012–2017)
Hugh Wolff (2017–2022)
Antony Hermus (2022-present)
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Belgian National Orchestra
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Jackass Number Two is a 2006 American reality slapstick comedy film directed by Jeff Tremaine, and produced by Tremaine, Spike Jonze, and Johnny Knoxville. It is the sequel to Jackass: The Movie (2002), both based upon the MTV series Jackass. Like its predecessor and the original television show, the film is a compilation of stunts, pranks and skits, starring the regular Jackass cast of Johnny Knoxville, Bam Margera, Dave England, Ryan Dunn, Chris Pontius, Wee Man, Steve-O, Preston Lacy, and Ehren McGhehey.
Produced by MTV Films, Dickhouse Productions and Lynch Siderow Productions, and distributed by Paramount Pictures, the film premiered in theaters on September 22, 2006, received generally positive reviews from critics and grossed $84.6 million worldwide against a production budget of $11.5 million.
Unused material of the film was released as a separate movie titled Jackass 2.5 online on December 19, 2007, and on DVD on December 26, 2007. It was followed by another sequel, Jackass 3D (2010).
Synopsis
The film opens by introducing the primary cast members while bulls aggressively chase them in a suburban neighborhood, wreaking havoc in the process.
The most notable stunts include: Johnny Knoxville riding a big red rocket which gets launched into the air; Bam Margera being trapped and stuck in a trailer with a cobra; Dave England riding a giant firehose that launches him into a patch of mud; Ryan Dunn being launched into a garage door while riding a shopping cart; Chris Pontius' penis dressed as a mouse while a snake attempts to bite it; Wee Man getting zapped by an electric stool upon believing that cards are being thrown at him; Steve-O getting his cheek pierced by a fish hook and getting thrown into the shark-infested Gulf of Mexico; Preston Lacy disguising himself as Bam's father Phil, in order to spoon with Bam's mother April in bed; and Ehren McGhehey attempting a loop while riding a pocketbike.
The final stunt is a prank orchestrated by the entire cast and crew on Ehren McGhehey, in which Ehren dresses up as a terrorist along with cinematographer Dimitry Elyashkevich, and the pair take a taxi to the airport, convincing the taxi driver that they are going to blow up a plane. In reality, the driver is swapped with director/actor Jay Chandrasekhar, who becomes violent with Ehren when he attempts to initiate the prank. The taxi then pulls into a vacant lot, where a panicked Ehren is forced into the trunk and Jay drives around the lot in circles. When the car comes to a stop, Ehren is relieved to discover that it is a prank and that he was never in serious danger. However, it is also revealed to Ehren that the beard that was put on him as part of the bit was made up of pubic hair by a majority of the cast and crew, one of whom actually happened to have crabs, after which Ehren gets angry and dry heaves.
The movie concludes with Johnny Knoxville putting his hand in a bear trap, before transitioning into a performance by the main cast in a Busby Berkeley-style movie musical production number set to the La Cage aux Folles song "The Best of Times", where the guys sing and dance while performing more stunts. After a wrecking ball hits Knoxville, Rip Taylor appears to end the movie much like in the predecessor.
Cast
The entire main cast from Jackass: The Movie returned for the sequel.
Guest appearances
Crew
Crew members who appear in this movie:
Director and producer Jeff Tremaine
Producer Spike Jonze
Executive producer Trip Taylor
Co-producer and cinematographer Dimitry Elyashkevich
Co-producer and photographer Sean Cliver
Cameramen Lance Bangs, Rick Kosick, Greg "Guch" Iguchi, and Mark Rackley
Photographer Ben "Benzo" Kaller
Sound mixer Cordell Mansfield
Boom operator Seamus Frawley
Art director J.P. Blackmon
Property master Scott Manning
Stunts including Viva La Bam regular Don Vito were also filmed and shown in original trailers. However, due to the scandal surrounding his arrest just prior to the film's release and the nature of the charges against him, all the scenes involving Don Vito were cut at the last minute and have never been released since.
Notable exceptions to the supporting cast are Raab Himself, who was battling alcoholism and drug addiction at the time, and Rake Yohn, who did however appear in Jackass 2.5. They both were recurring cast members in the Jackass TV show and in the first Jackass movie. Ryan Dunn initially approached Raab to appear in the movie, however, he declined the offer.
Production
Shooting began on January 30, 2006, and ended on June 23, 2006. During filming, the Jackass cast refused to divulge their various locations, out of fear of fans interfering with the filming process. Notable filming locations include India, Australia, England, Moscow and Argentina. A few insights were leaked prior to the movie's release by Steve-O and Bam Margera via Radio Bam and Loveline. Other shootings were Bull Shoals, Arkansas; Key West, Florida; Los Angeles, California; Miami, Florida; New Orleans, Louisiana; New York City, New York; and West Chester, Pennsylvania. Even after completing enough footage for Number Two, Knoxville was so energized by being back together with his friends and shooting again, that he encouraged everyone to stay together and film more stunts (most of which ultimately released with 2.5), willing to even put himself at further risk of injury simply because he didn't want to part with the group so soon.
The infamous stunt "How to Milk a Horse" was originally shot for Wildboyz, but was saved for future use. "The idea to drink the horse semen was not actually planned but was "in the back of everyone's mind." To agree to do the stunt, Chris Pontius asked director Jeff Tremaine for a full day off of work, but discouraged doing so since Pontius had missed work the day before. Additionally, on screen Chris Pontius stated to Jeff Tremaine, "This is going to make up for something bad I'm going to do in the future." This deal was verbally agreed upon and sealed with a handshake; it should also be noted that said deal was videotaped for the camera.
Deleted scenes that were also filmed but not included in either the final film or Jackass 2.5 include: "The Lamborghini Tooth Pull" with Don Vito (which would later be performed in Jackass 3D by Ehren McGhehey); "The Human Newton's Cradle", where Preston Lacy, Bam Margera, Phil Margera, Don Vito, and Brandon DiCamillo were the "spheres" for a life size Newton's cradle; "Meatball Sling Shot", where Bam slingshots a meatball in Vito's face (which was also performed by Phil Margera and included in Jackass 2.5); "SWAT Team Wake Up", where a SWAT Team wakes Johnny Knoxville up by blowing the door to his motel room; "Wee Baby", where Wee Man is dressed as a baby and put in a box in an attempt to get shipped out through the mail (which was later redone in Jackass Presents: Bad Grandpa); "Unicycle Hellride", where Steve-O rides a unicycle over hot coals; "Balloon Flight", where Bam has balloons tied to him which causes him to float in the sky, he then uses a pellet gun to shoot the balloons with to slowly descend into a lake; and "Ignited Farts", where Bam, Steve-O, Ryan Dunn, Chris Pontius, and Dave England would get in a bathtub and try to ignite their farts underwater, ending with Dave defecating by accident (this stunt would later be performed by Steve-O in Jackass Forever). Although they were deleted, some of the deleted scenes are briefly shown in the credits and/or the making of Jackass Number Two and Jackass 2.5. A short clip of the tooth pull scene appeared in the original trailer for Jackass Number Two, a photo of the human Newton's cradle was released, and the entire "Ignited Farts" sequence was once available on the Jackass World website, but has since disappeared following the website's closure.
Screenings and release
The film had 4 different screenings for fans of Jackass and MySpace users, which was a part of MySpace's "Black Carpet" screening. The screenings took place a few days before the movie was released (possibly August). Some of the screenings also had surprise visits by cast and crew. For example, the Pennsylvania screening had director Jeff Tremaine and cast members Johnny Knoxville and Bam Margera.
On June 15, 2006, Yahoo! released the first official teaser for the movie. The stunts in the trailer included Knoxville riding a "rocket bike" off a ramp and a blindfolded Knoxville being rammed by a yak.
The film was released on DVD on December 26, 2006, in its R-rated version in full and widescreen, and in widescreen in the unrated version.
Box office
Jackass Number Two opened on September 22, 2006, in 3,900 screens at 3,059 theaters. It debuted at number one on its opening weekend with a total gross of $29 million. On its first day in theaters Jackass Number Two matched its $11.5 million production budget. The film grossed an additional $14 million in its second week. Overall the film made $84.6 million worldwide, nearly $5 million more than the original.
Critical reception
Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 64% approval rating from 103 critic reviews; the average rating is 6.00/10. The general consensus reads: "Better than any sequel to the movie of a television show has a right to be, Jackass Number Two dares you not to laugh." On Metacritic, the film has a rating of 66 out of 100 based on 23 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.
The New York Times awarded Jackass Number Two a Critic's Pick, writing, "Debased, infantile and reckless in the extreme, this compendium of body bravado and malfunction makes for some of the most fearless, liberated and cathartic comedy in modern movies." On Ebert & Roeper, Richard Roeper and guest critic Fred Willard gave Jackass Number Two a "Two Thumbs Up" rating.
Soundtrack
The soundtrack was released on September 26, 2006, by Bulletproof Records. The soundtrack features songs that were featured in the movie, and various audio clips from the movie. Among the new songs included in the soundtrack are "Gettin' Fucked Up" – a collaboration between rap group Three Six Mafia (who themselves briefly appear in the film) and Josey Scott, lead singer of heavy metal band Saliva – and "Backass" – a collaboration between electroclash musician Peaches and Karen O, lead singer of the indie rock trio Yeah Yeah Yeahs.
Home media
The Rated and Unrated DVD versions of the movie were released on December 26, 2006. The rated version includes the 96 minute theatrical release, with bonus features, and the unrated includes extended scenes that were shortened in the original movie. Both DVDs feature commentary by the cast (with the exception of Bam Margera), director and producer Jeff Tremaine, and co-producer and cinematographer Dimitry Elyashkevich. The DVD also included 16 deleted scenes removed from the theatrical release, more than 20 additional scenes, 9 TV spots, 8 promotional spots including the theatrical trailer, gag reel, the uncensored version of Karazy by Chris Pontius and a promotional commercial for the 2006 VMAs. The Making of Jackass featurette is also featured on the DVD.
Jackass 2.5
Jackass 2.5 was a direct-to-home media version with additional footage (in this case, both intentionally for 2.5 and footage they were unable to include for Number Two). It was released to the Internet at Blockbuster.com and Hulu as a free screening on December 19–31, 2007, and to DVD on December 26, 2007. It includes special features such as the making of Jackass 2.5, the making of Jackass: The Game, deleted scenes, photo gallery, and additional footage.
The most notable bits include: Johnny Knoxville getting a prostate exam at a clinic in Russia; Bam Margera flying a kite out of his anus with anal beads; toy airplanes attacking Preston Lacy while he is painted as King Kong; Dave England and Ehren McGhehey boxing with after getting violently spun on office chairs; Wee Man bullfighting against a calf; a snapping turtle biting Chris Pontius on the nose; Steve-O drinking beer off Shridhar Chillal's nails; Ryan Dunn getting a golf ball teed off of him, and members of the Jackass team going through an obstacle course with alligators, pigs and paintball shots.
Sequel
Paramount Pictures and MTV Films greenlit a third Jackass, which was shot in 3D. Filming began in January 2010 and it was released on October 15, 2010.
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Jackass Number Two
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Celio may refer to:
People
Elton Divino Celio (born 1987), Brazilian football player known as Eltinho
Enrico Celio (1889-1980), Swiss politician
Gaspare Celio (1571-1640), Italian painter
Nello Celio (1914-1995), Swiss politician
Places in Italy
Caelian Hill (Italian Celio), one of the Seven Hills of Rome
Celio, Lazio, a rione in the City of Rome
Other
Celio (retailer), French clothing retailer
Celio Technology Corporation
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Celio
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Stephen McAllister (born 16 February 1962) is a Scottish professional golfer.
Early life
McAllister was born in Paisley.
Career
McAllister won the Lytham Trophy in 1983 and turned professional later that year. He first played on the European Tour in 1987. His career year was 1990, when he won his only two European Tour titles, the Atlantic Open and the KLM Dutch Open, and finished nineteenth on the European Tour Order of Merit. He also won two non-tour professional tournaments, the 1987 Scottish Masters and the 1988 Toyota Cup. His tour career came to an end in 2000 and he later worked as a golf coach and corporate golf manager.
Amateur wins
1983 Lytham Trophy
Professional wins (4)
European Tour wins (2)
European Tour playoff record (1–0)
Other wins (2)
1987 Sunderland Sportswear Masters
1988 Toyota Cup (Denmark)
Results in major championships
Note: McAllister only played in The Open Championship.
CUT = missed the half-way cut
Team appearances
Amateur
European Amateur Team Championship (representing Scotland): 1983
Professional
Dunhill Cup (representing Scotland): 1990
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Stephen McAllister
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Black Flag or black flag may refer to:
Flags
The Black Standard, a legendary flag in Islamic tradition
The Anarchist black flag
The Jolly Roger, flag associated with piracy
The Pan-African flag, a trans-national unity symbol
Black flag (racing)
Arts, entertainment, and media
Black Flag (band), an American hardcore punk band
Black Flag (Ektomorf album), a 2012 album by Ektomorf
Black Flag (Machine Gun Kelly mixtape), 2013
"Black Flag" (song), a 1992 song by King's X
Black Flag (newspaper), a publication in Britain
Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag, 2013 videogame by Ubisoft
Black Flags: The Rise of ISIS, a 2015 Pulitzer prize-winning book by Joby Warrick
Places
Black Flag, Western Australia, an abandoned town named after the Black Flag gold mine and farm
Other uses
Ali Charaf Damache, a terror suspect with the nom de guerre "the Black Flag"
Black Flag (insecticide)
Black Flag Army, a militia in Vietnam and southern China, 1860s-1885
Chernoe Znamia, a 20th-century Russian anarchist organisation
Ferraria crispa, a plant also known as black flag
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Black Flag
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BBC First is a Canadian English language high definition discretionary television channel owned by Blue Ant Media. It is a localized version of the international BBC First service, which broadcasts a variety of drama, comedy, and film programming originating primarily from the BBC.
History
In August 2005, John S. Panikkar (co-founder of the channel's original owner, High Fidelity HDTV), was granted a licence by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to launch ArtefactHD, described as "a national English-language Category 2 high definition (HD) specialty programming undertaking... devoted to collectors and their collections, and would showcase creations, celebrate beauty, intricacy, aesthetics and the merits of an object for its own sake. The programming would also include tours of museums and galleries open to the public and behind-the-scenes, celebrate unique architecture and design, and highlight the dedication and knowledge of the committed collector."
The channel launched on March 12, 2006 as Treasure HD. Much of its programming was purchased and its name licensed from Rainbow Media, original owners of the now defunct Voom HD Networks, who owned the originating Treasure HD in the United States. Like its American counterpart, the channel originally broadcast factual programming on primarily collectibles, artifacts, and other art-based programming. Programming included such programs as Secrets of the Exhibit, Art in Progress, Treasure Divers, and Romance in Stone. When the American channel, Treasure HD, ceased broadcasting in 2009, the Canadian channel broadened its programming to include music (primarily focusing on the classic rock, jazz, classical music genres) and films.
The channel was rebranded as HIFI in August 2011. The rebranded channel would put an emphasis on music and art-based programming, including films, exemplified by its slogan, music+art. On December 21, 2011, HIFI's parent company, High Fidelity HDTV, announced that it had entered into an agreement to be purchased outright by Blue Ant Media, majority owners of Glassbox Television and minority owners of Quarto Communications. While initially purchasing 29.9% of the company, the remaining 70.1% was purchased after CRTC approval.
Blue Ant announced in March 2021 that the channel would be rebranded as a Canadian version of BBC First on March 16. The relaunch is an expansion the company's partnership with BBC Studios, which saw sibling channel radX relaunch as a Canadian version of BBC Earth in 2017.
Programming
Though the BBC First brand is primarily dedicated to scripted programming, the Canadian version also carries unscripted, factual, and reality programming, as well as reruns of shows from Blue Ant's programming libraries to fulfill Canadian content requirements. BBC First effectively succeeds the now-defunct BBC Canada channel, carrying several programs previously seen on the latter (such as Top Gear and Antiques Roadshow ), while continuing to air The Graham Norton Show, which had already moved to the channel in 2018 prior to its relaunch.
Logos
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BBC First (Canadian TV channel)
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David Magie Childs (born April 1, 1941) is an American architect and chairman emeritus of the architectural firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. He is the architect of the new One World Trade Center in New York City.
Early life and education
Childs graduated from Deerfield Academy in Deerfield, Massachusetts, in 1959 and from Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut in 1963. He first majored in zoology before he then turned to architecture at the Yale School of Architecture and earned his master's degree in 1967.
Career
He joined the Washington, D.C., office of SOM in 1971, after working with Nathaniel Owings and Daniel Patrick Moynihan on plans for the redevelopment of Pennsylvania Avenue. Childs was a design partner of the firm in Washington until 1984, when he moved to SOM's New York Office.
His major projects include: in Washington, D.C., 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue, the Four Seasons Hotel, master plans for the National Mall, the U.S. News & World Report headquarters, and the headquarters for National Geographic; in New York City, Worldwide Plaza, 450 Lexington Avenue, Bertelsmann Tower, and One World Trade Center; and internationally, the Embassy of the United States, Ottawa, and the Changi international terminal in Singapore.
Childs served as the chairman of the National Capital Planning Commission from 1975 to 1981 and he was appointed to the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts in 2002, serving as chairman from 2003 to 2005. He was the recipient of a Rome Prize in 2004; named a senior fellow of the Design Futures Council in 2010; and has served on the boards of the Municipal Art Society, the Museum of Modern Art, and the American Academy in Rome.
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill projects
Washington, D.C. (1971–1985)
Metro Center (1976)
Formerly the Daon Building, now the Inter-American Development Bank, 1300 New York Avenue, NW (1984)
National Geographic headquarters M Street building (1985)
Four Seasons (1979), Regent, and Park Hyatt Washington (1986) hotels
Expansion of the Dulles Airport main terminal
U.S. News & World Report headquarters
University Yard, 1985-1986 restoration, The George Washington University
New York City (1984–present)
Completed
Worldwide Plaza, 825 8th Avenue (1989)
Bertelsmann Building, 1540 Broadway (1990)
383 Madison Avenue (2002)
Time Warner Center, Columbus Circle (2003)
Times Square Tower, 7 Times Square (2004)
7 World Trade Center, 250 Greenwich Street (2006)
One World Trade Center (2014)
450 Lexington Avenue (over the Grand Central Station Post Office at Grand Central Terminal)
One North End Avenue, 300 Vesey Street (1997)
JFK International Airport Arrivals Building
New Pennsylvania Station (Moynihan Train Hall) at James Farley Post Office Building
Planned
New New York Stock Exchange
Renovation of Lever House, 390 Park Avenue
Other locations
Embassy of the United States in Ottawa, 1999
See also
William F. Baker (engineer)
Roger Duffy
T.J. Gottesdiener
Craig W. Hartman
Ross Wimer
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David Childs
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Aluminium iodide is a chemical compound containing aluminium and iodine. Invariably, the name refers to a compound of the composition , formed by the reaction of aluminium and iodine or the action of on metal. The hexahydrate is obtained from a reaction between metallic aluminum or aluminum hydroxide with hydrogen iodide or hydroiodic acid. Like the related chloride and bromide, is a strong Lewis acid and will absorb water from the atmosphere. It is employed as a reagent for the scission of certain kinds of C-O and N-O bonds. It cleaves aryl ethers and deoxygenates epoxides.
Structure
Solid is dimeric, consisting of , similar to that of . The structure of monomeric and dimeric forms have been characterized in the gas phase. The monomer, , is trigonal planar with a bond length of 2.448(6) Å, and the bridged dimer, , at 430 K is a similar to and with bond lengths of 2.456(6) Å (terminal) and 2.670(8) Å (bridging). The dimer is described as floppy with an equilibrium geometry of D2h.
Aluminium(I) iodide
The name "aluminium iodide" is widely assumed to describe the triiodide or its dimer. In fact, a monoiodide also enjoys a role in the Al–I system, although the compound AlI is unstable at room temperature relative to the triiodide:
3AlI -> AlI3 + 2Al
An illustrative derivative of aluminium monoiodide is the cyclic adduct formed with triethylamine, .
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Aluminium iodide
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Henry Knollys Foster MBE (30 October 1873 – 23 June 1950) was an English first-class cricketer who played for Oxford University and Worcestershire. He first played for Worcestershire in 1888 at the age of only 14.
The oldest of seven brothers who played cricket for Worcestershire, Foster was a forceful right-handed middle-order batsman who acted as captain at Worcestershire for 11 of the first 12 season in which the county competed in the County Championship. He was also for many of those seasons second only to his brother R.E. "Tip" Foster as the county's leading batsman.
Educated at Malvern College, Foster matriculated at Trinity College, Oxford in 1892, and first played first-class cricket at Oxford. Not picked for any matches at all in 1893, he won a Blue against Cambridge in each of the next three seasons. In the Varsity match of 1895, he scored 121 in two hours as Oxford, set a target of 331 to win, reached just 196 all out.
Foster captained Worcestershire in the county's very first Championship match in 1899 and led the side every season until 1910, except for 1901. He scored 1,000 runs in a season eight times, and five times averaged more than 40 runs per innings. Among his 29 first-class centuries, he hit 216 against Somerset in 1903 — the first double hundred for Worcestershire in first-class cricket
—and 215 against Warwickshire in 1908, both at Worcester.
Unlike his brother R.E. "Tip" Foster, Foster did not play Test cricket, but he led the amateur side in both Gentlemen v Players matches in 1910, and was named as a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1911. He stood down as Worcestershire captain after 1910, but returned for the 1913 season. He then played intermittently until 1925, when he finally retired. In 1907, 1912 and again after the First World War, he acted as an England selector.
Foster was also a champion rackets player, being English singles champion eight times and winning several doubles titles. He and his brother, W. L. Foster, won the Public Schools Championship for Malvern in 1892. In the next four years he represented Oxford and proved victorious in both Singles and Doubles. Several times, efficiently partnered, he carried off the Doubles Championship, and from 1894 to 1900 and again in 1904 he won the Singles Championship. He also represented Oxford University at rackets for four years.
The Foster family
Foster was the oldest of the seven sons of Henry Foster who in 1867, aged 23, joined the staff of Malvern College, a public school founded in 1865. He was ordained as a priest in 1869, and married in 1871 when he took up a position as a housemaster at Malvern College, a post which he held for 48 years. He was an accomplished all-round sportsman who played not only cricket and fives, but was also a rower and an archer for Winchester College, Cambridge. He made many contributions to sport in Malvern and was active in the making of the cricket pitch, acquiring a football field, swimming baths and racquets courts. He was the first scratch golfer in the Midlands and a founder member of Worcestershire Golf Club. Of the 10 surviving children, there were 7 boys and 3 girls. All seven brothers born at No 5 later joined their father's house as pupils and for virtually 25 years held sway in the sporting arena.
Between them, the seven Foster brothers scored a total of 42,000 runs in First Class Cricket. The girls also played cricket and were exceptional golfers and Cicely played for England.
Private life
Foster was land agent for the Stoke Edith and Prestwood estates of PH Foley.
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Harry Foster (cricketer)
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Many songs are used to express and love of Brazilians for football and commemorate the country's victories into the FIFA World Cup. Though foreign fans and broadcasters usually play Aquarela do Brasil in Brazilian matches, these are rarely associated with the game in Brazil.
Canal 100 Tune
Perhaps the most popular melody associated to football in Brazil is Na Cadência do Samba, widely known as Que bonito é ("How beautiful it is"), which served as the theme tune for Canal 100, a newsreel (cinejornal) running in local theaters from 1962 up to early 1980s. It is a soft samba composed and written by Luis Bandeira, famous for his frevo compositions for Carnival in Pernambuco. Although it had lyrics, the song was used by the newsreel producer Carlos Niemeyer in a purely instrumental version, orchestrated with trumpets and piano.
A Taça do Mundo é Nossa
A Taça do Mundo é Nossa ("The World Cup is Ours") was introduced in 1958 after Brazil won its first World Cup title. It was composed by Maugeri, Müller, Sobrinho e Dagô.
The music was re-recorded in 1962, after Brazil won the World Cup in that year, with the lyrics of the last verse being modified to "O brasileiro/desta vez no Chile/mostrou o futebol como é que é/ganhou o Bicampeonato/Sambando com a bola no pé/Goool!" (The Brazilian this time in Chile/Showed football the way it is/Won the Bichampionship/Dancing the samba with the ball on the feet/Goal!)
Pra Frente, Brasil
Go Ahead, Brazil introduced in 1970 during the FIFA World Cup 1970 this is widely and most recognized song and marks the Pelé and the Seleção Canarinho era. Composed by Miguel Gustavo and used in the film of the same name, which is a harsh criticism of the military dictatorship's usage of football to alienate people in regard to the horrors of political repression.
Coração Verde e Amarelo
Green and Yellow Heart was introduced by Rede Globo for the World Cup 1994 and is used until today by the channel. It had previously been released for the national championship of 1993, with different lyrics. The melody are used each time Brazil makes a goal and is the official for football broadcasts including Campeonato Brasileiro.
The song was updated in 1998 for the fifth title campaign: the line "É taça na raça, Brasil!" was changed to "Tenta que é penta, Brasil!" (Try and win the fifth title, Brazil!). The theme was used again in 2002, but slightly modified due to the loss in 1998. In 2006, Rede Globo did not use the lyrics anymore, but only an instrumental version of the same song.
Papa Essa Brasil (Take this one, Brazil) was the Rede Globo World Cup 1990 song, but it was abandoned later.
Eu Sou Brasileiro
I am Brazilian, introduced in an Ambev SKOL beer TV commercial in late 1990s and used mainly in World Cup 2002.
The song is sung in regular matches of the Campeonato Brasileiro and in games of other popular sports of Brazil such as volleyball and basketball. It became popular around the 1998 World Cup.
Association football songs and chants
Songs
Football songs
Lists of sport-related songs
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List of Brazilian football songs
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Aleksandr Viktorovich Kostoglod (, born 31 May 1974) is a Soviet-born, Russian sprint canoeist who has competed since the early 1990s. Competing in four Summer Olympics, he won three medals with two silvers (2004: C-2 1000 m, 2008: C-2 500 m) and one bronze (2004: C-2 500 m). Kostoglod is a six-time world champion gold medallist in the Canadian canoe (C) events.
Kostoglod did not take up canoeing until the age of fourteen, at the suggestion of family friend and double world champion Vladimir Ladosha. Within a year he was champion of the USSR in his age group. By 18 he was senior national champion and competing at the Barcelona Olympics, He was disappointed to finish tenth in the C-1 1000 m but has since admitted that as a youngster he was relying on his natural strength to make up for his lack of technique. It did not help that his coach Alexander Abramiants was excluded from the Unified Team delegation to Barcelona.
He won the first of his six World Championship gold medals in 1994 at the age of 20 in Mexico City. In 1998, with Maxim Opalev now representing Russia in the C-1 events, Kostoglod teamed up with Aleksandr Kovalyov for the C-2. The pairing was an immediate success, winning two consecutive world 1000 m titles in 1998 and 1999. His other three medals have all come in the C-4 events. Three medals he won at the 2003 championships in Gainesville were stripped from Kostoglod when his teammate Sergey Ulegin tested positive for doping.
However, with no C-4 event on the schedule, Olympic medals were to prove more elusive. At the 2000 Sydney games, he and Kovalyov finished only fourth in the C-2 1000m final, missing out on a medal by just 0.14 sec. At the 2004 Athens Olympics they were finally rewarded with two medals, silver in the C-2 1000 m and bronze in the C-2 500 m.
In 2006, Kostoglod and Kovalyov came fifth at the European Championships and sixth at the World Championships in the C-2 1000 m. For the C-2 500 m events however Kostoglod was partnered instead by Ulegin. Together they became both European and world champions, finishing over a second ahead of their nearest challengers, the German pairing of Nuck and Holtz, in both finals. Kostoglod won a silver in the C-2 500 m event with Ulegin at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.
Kostoglod is 185 cm (6'1") tall and weighs 93 kg (204 lbs).
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Aleksandr Kostoglod
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No. 635 Squadron RAF was a heavy bomber squadron of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War.
History
635 squadron was formed at RAF Downham Market in Norfolk on 20 March 1944 from two flights drawn from No. 35 Squadron and No. 97 Squadron, equipped with Lancaster Mk.I bombers, as part of No. 8 Group RAF in Bomber Command. It re-equipped with Lancaster Mk.III bombers the same month, then Lancaster Mk.VI bombers in July. After the end of its bombing operations in April 1945 it was used for transport and food relief until disbanded at Downham Market on 1 September 1945.
Notable squadron members
One member of the squadron, S/Ldr. I.W. Bazalgette, was awarded a posthumous VC following the raid against Trossy-St Maximin on 4 August 1944.
Aircraft operated
Squadron bases
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No. 635 Squadron RAF
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ACTC may refer to:
ACTC1
Stock symbol for Advanced Cell Technology
All Ceylon Tamil Congress, a Sri Lankan political party representing the Sri Lankan Tamil ethnic minority
Andhra Christian Theological College, Hyderabad, India
Apple Certified Technical Coordinator
Ashland Community and Technical College, Kentucky, US
Asociación Corredores de Turismo Carretera, motorsport governing body
Associated Colleges of the Twin Cities 5 liberal arts colleges in Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Minnesota
Association for Core Texts and Courses
Australian Counter-Terrorism Centre
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ACTC
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The Martha Washingtonians (also known as the Ladies Washingtonian Society) were a group of working class women of the early 19th century committed to the idea of encouraging temperance. The organization was an outgrowth of the Washingtonian temperance movement. As an organization, it was composed of wives, sisters, aunts, daughters and other female relatives of drunken men.
Despite the fact that for most women during this time, around the very beginnings of the United States, life was home-based, these women were actively going out into the streets and looking for the poor, impoverished souls and pointing them to a better way of life. During a time when a woman's place was in the kitchen, and creating a hearth to make the home a 'perfect' place, it might seem odd to see a group of women publicly tackling particular issues.
However, in light of context, these public acts and the roles that women were expected to take can appear somewhat less contradictory: Tyrell suggests that these women saw their public work as extensions of a 19th-century ideology that insisted on the ability of women to preserve the moral integrity of the private household. These readings seem to correspond to more general theories of an 'angel in the bedroom' theory of sexuality that has been attributed to the Victorians by late 20th century researchers of the period—the idea being that women had the capacity to cleanse the private household of the implications of 'amoral' capitalism.
Furthermore, historians such as Teresa Murphy insist on their relative subordination in the temperance movement. Murphy notes that many of these Martha Washingtonians were assigned rather traditional female roles: for example, collecting, making and selling clothing to the families of reformed drunks.
Women's rights were not prevalent nor wanted by most of these women- the movement was broadly conservative in outlook. They had no desire to vote, or to change America in any way besides alcohol consumption.
Considering that these were a group of women with little to no real political or financial power, the temperance movement was a resounding success, since America's consumption of alcohol was reduced by half in a period of around twenty years or so- the effects of these women were not insignificant.
See also
Temperance movement
Prohibition
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Martha Washingtonians
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Sir Ian James Carruthers is a British healthcare and academic administrator who was senior director for the National Health Service (NHS). Having first joined the NHS in 1969 as an administrator at Garlands Hospital, Carlisle, he rose through a career which included six months as the interim Chief Executive of the NHS in England during 2006. He has been the Chancellor of the University of the West of England since 2011.
Early life
Carruthers grew up in a council house in Carlisle. He was a keen sportsman who won county caps for Cumbria in rugby union, cricket and soccer in his school days. He was offered a playing contract by Carlisle United football club but turned it down at the insistence of his father.
NHS career
Regional health
Carruthers held management positions in Barnsley, Blackpool, Southend, Portsmouth and Plymouth before Chief Executive roles in Dorset and Somerset plus Hampshire and Isle of Wight regional health authorities.
He was appointed Chief Executive of the South West strategic health authority (SHA), known as NHS South West, on 1 July 2006. This SHA later "clustered" with NHS South East Coast and NHS South Central to become NHS South of England, led by Carruthers, ahead of the so-called "Lansley" reforms that signaled the end of SHAs, the Health and Social Care Act 2012.
Carruthers and the South West SHA were criticised by an employment tribunal following the dismissal by Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust of its chief executive John Watkinson; however an independent review conducted by Lucy Scott-Moncrieff, former president of The Law Society, concluded that there had been no impropriety. Mr Watkinson argued that his dismissal was because he had opposed SHA plans to reconfigure upper gastrointestinal services within the South West of England by centralising services at Plymouth on the grounds that there had been insufficient public consultation and the process was therefore illegal. Mr Watkinson took his case to an employment tribunal which held, unanimously, that Mr Watkinson had been unfairly dismissed. NHS Chief Executive Sir David Nicholson subsequently commissioned an independent review (conducted by Verita) "into the approach and behaviour of NHS South West in relation to the dismissal of John Watkinson by Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust". Its report concluded: "We consider that Sir Ian behaved correctly towards Mr Watkinson... The evidence provided to us shows that the SHA complied with its duty to assist and support RCHT in managing these difficult issues. There is no issue of impropriety or of pressure to dismiss Mr Watkinson."
Interim chief executive of NHS England
On 7 March 2006 he took over as acting NHS chief executive, following the departure of Sir Nigel Crisp. He held this position until September that year, being succeeded by David Nicholson.
Chair and advisory roles
In the past he was a member of the NHS Modernisation Board, the National Steering and Advisory Group for Shifting the Balance of Power within the NHS and he also served as a member on the Modernisation Action Team on Patient Access which contributed to the NHS Plan.
He has undertaken a review of innovation in healthcare, culminating in chairing the Innovation Health and Wealth Board which formed part of the Government strategy for improving the spread of best practice in healthcare.
He has published several papers on reviewing and improving the NHS and he co-chaired the Prime Minister's Challenge on Dementia.
Carruthers served on the Department of Health Financial Strategy Steering Group and on the Strategic Health Authorities Chief Executives Reference Group on Delivering Race Equality in Mental Health. He chairs the public service consultancy 2020 Delivery.
Chancellor of the University of the West of England
In May 2011 it was announced that Carruthers would be taking up the position of Chancellor of the University of the West of England. He was installed as Chancellor in a ceremony on 18 July.
Publications
Carruthers is Visiting Senior Fellow of the Health Services Management Centre at the University of Birmingham, where his published papers include:
Improving HImPs: the Early Lessons (ref RR35; I Carruthers, J Shapiro, T Knight)
Purchasing in the NHS: The Story so far (1995, ref DP34) (I Carruthers, D Fillingham, C Ham, J James)
Doctors in Unit Management (ref HS16, I Carruthers, G Page, D White)
Options for strengthening Unit management. The implications for personnel, financial and functional management, planning, monitoring and communications (1982; ref HS13) (I Carruthers, C Fewtrell, D White)
Reviewing the strength of Unit nursing management: An audit approach (1981; ref HS12)
Honours
Carruthers received an OBE in 1997, and a knighthood in the 2003 New Year Honours for services to the NHS. In 2009 he received an honorary degree of Doctor of Science (D.Sc) from the University of the West of England.
He was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Laws (LL.D) by the University of Bristol in July 2011.
Commonwealth honours
Scholastic
Chancellor, visitor, governor, rector and fellowships
Honorary degrees
Memberships and fellowships
Personal life
Carruthers is married with a son and daughter. He supports both Southampton Football Club and Somerset County Cricket Club.
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Ian Carruthers
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Evart High School is a high school located in Evart, Michigan. The athletic teams are known as the wildcats.
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Evart High School
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The Exception and the Rule (in German Die Ausnahme und die Regel) is a short play by German playwright Bertolt Brecht and is one of several Lehrstücke (Teaching plays) he wrote around 1929/30. The objective of Brecht's Lehrstücke was that they be taken on tour and performed in schools or in factories to educate the masses about socialist politics.
The play itself is short, and lasts no longer than 60 minutes if performed in its entirety. It tells the story of a rich merchant, who must cross the fictional Yahi Desert to close an oil deal. During the trip the class differences between him and his working-class porter (or "coolie" as he is called in most English-language editions) are shown. As he becomes increasingly afraid of the desert, the merchant's brutality increases, and he feels terribly alone without police nearby to protect him. Eventually when the Merchant fires his guide, the porter and the Merchant himself get lost and the water supplies are running low. The Merchant mistakenly shoots the coolie, thinking he was being attacked, when he was in reality being offered some water the coolie still had left in his bottle.
Later, in a court room scene, the evidence of the murder is presented, and ultimately the Merchant is acquitted. The Judge concludes that the Merchant had every right to fear a potential threat from the coolie, and that he was justified in shooting the coolie in self-defense regardless of whether there was an actual threat, or whether the Merchant simply felt threatened.
Brecht intends to show the coolie as a victim caught in the gears of the merciless logic of class warfare. The play, due to its investigation of class differences between rich and poor, with the poor 'losing out', can be seen as arguing in favor of Brecht's Marxist politics. Brecht wishes to draw attention to the status quo, in which the working class is exploited by the ruling class, and show the absurdity of such an arrangement.
He hanshan ("The Confronted undershirt"), a Yuan Dynasty-era Chinese play, was the model for The Exception and the Rule. The scholar Antony Tatlow discovered this relationship through archival materials.
See also
The Race to Urga
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The Exception and the Rule
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ToonHeads is an American animation anthology series consisting of Hanna-Barbera, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Warner Bros., and Popeye cartoon shorts, with background information and trivia, prominently about animators and voice actors of the shorts. ToonHeads was originally broadcast on Cartoon Network from October 2, 1992, until November 23, 2003.
The series was first announced on the Cartoon Network Special "Droopy's Guide to the Cartoon Network" as part of a promotion advertising the various blocks that would appear on the channel and what order they would be shown in. This special was the very first broadcast on the Cartoon Network's launch on October 1, 1992, and was re-aired throughout October 1992. The series includes more than 102 episodes (many undocumented), when including five specials (four one-hour specials and one half-hour special, two of which ("The Best of the Worst Cartoons Ever" and "The Twelve Missing Hares") were never aired).
Format
Early seasons feature an announcer stating each episode's theme and three cartoons to be showcased. Then the show underwent two format changes. The first happened in late 1995 when Don Kennedy was added as the narrator and would tell the history and facts of each cartoon shown (Don Kennedy would also have narration duties on The Tex Avery Show that same year).
The second format change came in 1998 when George A. Klein took over as producer and writer of the show. He wanted the show to be a "Ken Burns" type of weekly documentary on specific cartoon history. Creating specific "themed" episodes utilizing the Warner Bros. cartoons. Three basic concepts used for these episodes are directors (e.g. Chuck Jones and Friz Freleng), characters (e.g. "Evolution of Tweety" and "The Year Elmer Fudd Got Fat"), and themes. Episodes include themes like cartoons that lampooned Hollywood celebrities and movies; cartoons where the humor comes from a character trying to get some sleep and being interrupted; cartoons that make fun of sports; obscure and rare works from Warner Bros.; and a look at the allegations of plagiarism between "The Cat Concerto" and "Rhapsody Rabbit". Trivia questions were also added about the related cartoons used in each episode's theme. From 1998 to 2003, Leslie Fram did the narration for each episode's final tracks and George A. Klein narrated the rough-cut scratch tracks.
Episodes
ToonHeads is notable for showing cartoons that were rarely seen on television, such as on "The Wartime Cartoons" special, "The Lost Cartoons" special, and one series of episodes in January 1996 featuring the long-unseen Nudnik shorts There was also a special that aired on October 20, 1996, titled A Night of Independent Animation, which featured independent student films, such as Another Bad Day for Philip Jenkins by Mo Willems, and The Wire by Aaron Augenblick.
As of August 2022, the two unaired episodes "The Best of the Worst Cartoons Ever" and "The Twelve Missing Hares" have been found. These episodes were preserved on tape by episode writer Jerry Beck and transferred through media loan by Jerico Dvorak who made them available.
Season 1 (1992–95)
Season 2 (1996)
Season 3 (1998–99)
Season 4 (1999)
Season 5 (1999–2001)
Season 6 (2001)
Season 7 (2002)
Season 8 (2003)
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ToonHeads
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The Ludwik Fleck Prize is an annual award given for a book in the field of science and technology studies. It was created by the 4S Council (Society for the Social Studies of Science) in 1992 and is named after microbiologist Ludwik Fleck.
Prize Winners
See also
List of social sciences awards
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Ludwik Fleck Prize
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Front Range Passenger Rail is a proposed inter-city passenger train service along the Front Range and broader I-25 corridors in Colorado and Wyoming. Most proposals envision a route from Pueblo north to Colorado Springs, Denver, Boulder, Fort Collins, and usually Cheyenne. Extensions south to Trinidad, Albuquerque, and even El Paso have been discussed.
Front Range communities were historically connected by rail transit until the mid-20th century. A series of studies performed since the early 2000s have shown mounting interest in renewed service. Momentum has grown significantly in the 2020s with Colorado creating the Front Range Passenger Rail District and Amtrak including the route in its 15-year expansion vision.
As of 2023, the Colorado Department of Transportation is working on a service development plan for the core route between Pueblo and Fort Collins. The plan will enable the state to solicit funding from voters and from the federal government.
History
In the 19th century, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway and Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad each built lines along the Front Range (now owned by BNSF and Union Pacific, respectively). Pueblo–Denver passenger service existed until the formation of Amtrak in 1971. The Denver–Cheyenne segment was last served in 1997 by the Pioneer.
In 1989, rail supporters involved in preserving Denver Union Station formed the nonprofit Colorado Rail Passenger Association (ColoRail). The group has regularly advocated for the Front Range route, and in 1997 played a role in starting Amtrak Thruway bus service along the corridor from Denver to Raton.
With the 1998 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, Congress authorized the US Department of Transportation to designate eleven federal high-speed rail corridors for targeted development. Ten were listed by the December 2001 funding deadline, though none in the mountain west. In March 2002, the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) nevertheless applied for designation of the "Rocky Mountain High Speed Rail Corridor" along I-25 and I-70. The corridor has yet to be designated.
Rocky Mountain Rail Authority
In December 2004, Colorado State Representative Bob Briggs of Westminster founded the Front Range Commuter Rail organization. The stated goal of the organization was to start commuter rail along the Front Range by the time the Regional Transportation District's FasTracks mass transit started service in 2014. The proposed line was dubbed the "RangerXpress" and received high-profile support from Colorado Senator Ken Salazar.
In September 2006, the Colorado Transportation Commission approved a $1,246,000 grant for a high-speed rail feasibility study on corridors in Colorado, including the Front Range. Although Front Range Commuter Rail had applied for the grant, CDOT required that the money go to a local government body. To this end, several counties and municipalities in Colorado formed the Rocky Mountain Rail Authority (RMRA) that November. The authority eventually grew to 45 members. By May 2007, the RMRA had raised over $415,000 in matching funds, exceeding the required 20% match on the CDOT grant. RMRA committed the final $325,000 the following month.
Work on the RMRA study began in June 2008 and it was released in March 2010. It found that the I-25 corridor would meet the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) criteria for technical and economic feasibility, including positive cost-benefit and farebox recovery ratios.
In July 2011, the Colorado Secretary of State marked Front Range Commuter Rail as a delinquent organization effective June 1, 2010.
Division of Transit and Rail
In May 2009, Colorado Governor Bill Ritter signed a bill creating the Division of Transit and Rail (DTR) within CDOT. The division is responsible for developing rail services and administering state and federal rail funds in Colorado. In March 2012, DTR released its first Colorado Freight and Passenger Rail Plan, which was required by the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008 in order for Colorado to receive future FRA grants. The plan lists various versions of Front Range service as long-range projects.
In April 2012, CDOT began an Interregional Connectivity Study (ICS) through an FRA grant, building on the 2010 RMRA study. Published in January 2014, the ICS recommended initial high-speed rail service between Fort Collins, Denver International Airport, and Briargate—a neighborhood of northern Colorado Springs—with future expansion to Pueblo. This alignment would bypass Boulder and downtown Denver via a new rail line built along the Colorado 470 beltway. The startup cost of the project was estimated at $9.81 billion with annual ridership of 13.6 million.
In July 2015, CDOT began operating Bustang, an intercity bus service with several routes along the Front Range corridor.
In July 2016, the Regional Transportation District (RTD) opened the initial section of the B Line from Denver to Westminster. An unfunded extension to Boulder and Longmont is planned for the 2040s. This commuter rail line overlaps part of the route that later emerged as the favorite for Front Range Passenger Rail.
Rail Commission
In spring 2017, Colorado enacted legislation creating the Southwest Chief & Front Range Passenger Rail Commission, effective July 1st of that year. The commission subsumed a body focused solely on supporting the long-distance Southwest Chief, taking on the additional task of developing passenger rail on the I-25 corridor. It is composed of representatives from CDOT, RTD, ColoRail, Amtrak, BNSF, Union Pacific, and various Colorado governments. In 2018 the General Assembly allocated $2.5 million toward the commission's duties, including development of a Front Range Passenger Rail service plan.
CDOT updated the Colorado Freight and Passenger Rail Plan in 2018, naming Front Range Passenger Rail a "priority objective" and "Colorado's most immediate opportunity to improve and expand rail mobility." The Division of Transit and Rail committed to advancing the project.
In December 2020, the Rail Commission published an "Alternatives Analysis" that identified three feasible routes for the Pueblo–Fort Collins segment of Front Range service. The alternatives consisted of nine initial stations, 18 to 24 round trips per day, speeds up to , and end-to-end travel times of 2.5 to 3 hours. Annual ridership was estimated at 2.2 million and startup costs at $7.8 to $14.5 billion.
In spring 2021, Amtrak included the Front Range route in its 2035 expansion vision. As envisioned, the service would consist of three daily round trips between Pueblo and Fort Collins with one extending to Cheyenne. The end-to-end trip time would be 5 hours 34 minutes and the route would have an annual economic impact of $103 million. This would be a state-supported Amtrak route similar to Illinois Service or NC By Train, meaning Colorado and Wyoming would shoulder much of the operating cost.
Rail District
In June 2021, Colorado Governor Jared Polis signed a bill creating the Front Range Passenger Rail District in a ceremony at Pueblo Union Depot. The district spans all thirteen counties of the I-25 corridor in Colorado. It will be overseen by a board of stakeholders similar to those of the Southwest Chief & Front Range Passenger Rail Commission, which the district officially replaced on July 1, 2022. Notably, the board can ask voters to approve a new sales tax up to 0.8% within the district to pay for the train service, but only after making every effort to secure federal funding.
In October 2021, the Colorado Transportation Commission approved the final $1.6 million of the $3.9 million needed for new Front Range service studies. The FRA had already awarded a $685,000 grant and the rest came from the Rail Commission. The studies will take about two years and result in a workable service plan that the Rail District can use to secure funding. The project would still need separate environmental review.
In November 2021, Congress passed President Biden's Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), which allocates $215 million to public transportation in Colorado, $66 billion to Amtrak, and tens of billions to competitive transportation grant programs. Advocates think Front Range Passenger Rail is positioned to benefit from these funds. In May 2022, the FRA launched the Corridor Development Program as the mechanism for new passenger rail projects to receive funds from the IIJA. Colorado's four Democratic House members sent a letter to USDOT and the FRA requesting that Front Range service be funded by the program.
In June 2022, Colorado allocated nearly $9 million in "early stage Front Range Passenger Rail funding." $2.4 million went to the rail district, providing matching dollars for federal contributions. $6.5 million went toward the Burnham rail yard redevelopment project in Denver. The move was geared toward making Colorado competitive for federal IIJA funding.
, Governor Polis is pushing to put a funding measure for Front Range service on the ballot as soon as November 2024. Planner are working on a service development plan which will finalize the proposed route, station stops, and frequency, while estimating timeline and cost.
New Mexico and Texas
In 2003, New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson announced plans for the Rail Runner Express, a commuter train between Belen, Albuquerque, and Santa Fe. To ensure passenger trains would have priority over freight, the state signed a $76 million agreement with BNSF in December 2005 to buy the line between Belen and Lamy. As part of the deal, BNSF insisted that the state also buy the line from Lamy to Trinidad, Colorado, that hosts the Southwest Chief and has been included in some plans for Front Range Passenger Rail expansion. Governor Susana Martinez cancelled the purchase of this part of the line in March 2016.
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 appropriated new funding for high-speed rail projects, renewing interest a possible "Rocky Mountain High Speed Rail Corridor". Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas sought designation for the Denver–Albuquerque–El Paso section of the I-25 corridor. In July 2009, in hopes of conducting a feasibility study, the states applied for $5 million in funds made available by the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008. No study materialized.
See also
Colorado Joint Line – the rail corridor between Pueblo and Denver
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Front Range Passenger Rail
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Apuleius (, ; also called Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis; c. 124 – after 170) was a Numidian Latin-language prose writer, Platonist philosopher and rhetorician. He was born in the Roman province of Numidia, in the Berber city of Madauros, modern-day M'Daourouch, Algeria. He studied Platonism in Athens, travelled to Italy, Asia Minor, and Egypt, and was an initiate in several cults or mysteries. The most famous incident in his life was when he was accused of using magic to gain the attentions (and fortune) of a wealthy widow. He declaimed and then distributed his own defense before the proconsul and a court of magistrates convened in Sabratha, near Oea (modern Tripoli, Libya). This is known as the Apologia.
His most famous work is his bawdy picaresque novel the Metamorphoses, otherwise known as The Golden Ass. It is the only Latin novel that has survived in its entirety. It relates the adventures of its protagonist, Lucius, who experiments with magic and is accidentally turned into a donkey. Lucius goes through various adventures before he is turned back into a human being by the goddess Isis.
Life
Apuleius was born in Madauros, a colonia in Numidia on the North African coast bordering Gaetulia, and he described himself as "half-Numidian half-Gaetulian." Madaurus was the same colonia where Augustine of Hippo later received part of his early education, and, though located well away from the Romanized coast, is today the site of some pristine Roman ruins. As to his first name, no praenomen is given in any ancient source; late-medieval manuscripts began the tradition of calling him Lucius from the name of the hero of his novel. Details regarding his life come mostly from his defense speech (Apology) and his work Florida, which consists of snippets taken from some of his best speeches.
His father was a municipal magistrate (duumvir) who bequeathed at his death the sum of nearly two million sesterces to his two sons. Apuleius studied with a master at Carthage (where he later settled) and later at Athens, where he studied Platonist philosophy among other subjects. He subsequently went to Rome to study Latin rhetoric and, most likely, to speak in the law courts for a time before returning to his native North Africa. He also travelled extensively in Asia Minor and Egypt, studying philosophy and religion, burning up his inheritance while doing so.
Apuleius was an initiate in several Greco-Roman mysteries, including the Dionysian Mysteries. He was a priest of Asclepius and, according to Augustine, sacerdos provinciae Africae (i.e., priest of the province of Carthage).
Not long after his return home he set out upon a new journey to Alexandria. On his way there he was taken ill at the town of Oea (modern-day Tripoli) and was hospitably received into the house of Sicinius Pontianus, with whom he had been friends when he had studied in Athens. The mother of Pontianus, Pudentilla, was a very rich widow. With her son's consent – indeed encouragement – Apuleius agreed to marry her. Meanwhile, Pontianus himself married the daughter of one Herennius Rufinus; he, indignant that Pudentilla's wealth should pass out of the family, instigated his son-in-law, together with a younger brother, Sicinius Pudens, a mere boy, and their paternal uncle, Sicinius Aemilianus, to join him in impeaching Apuleius upon the charge that he had gained the affections of Pudentilla by charms and magic spells. The case was heard at Sabratha, near Tripoli, c. 158 AD, before Claudius Maximus, proconsul of Africa. The accusation itself seems to have been ridiculous, and the spirited and triumphant defence spoken by Apuleius is still extant. This is known as the Apologia (A Discourse on Magic).
Apuleius accused an extravagant personal enemy of turning his house into a brothel and prostituting his own wife.
Of his subsequent career, we know little. Judging from the many works of which he was author, he must have devoted himself diligently to literature. He occasionally gave speeches in public to great reception; he had the charge of exhibiting gladiatorial shows and wild beast events in the province, and statues were erected in his honour by the senate of Carthage and of other senates.
The date, place and circumstances of Apuleius' death are not known. There is no record of his activities after 170, a fact which has led some people to believe that he must have died about then (say in 171), although other scholars feel that he may still have been alive in 180 or even 190.
Works
The Golden Ass
The Golden Ass (Asinus Aureus) or Metamorphoses is the only Latin novel that has survived in its entirety. It is an imaginative, irreverent, and amusing work that relates the ludicrous adventures of one Lucius, who introduces himself as related to the famous philosophers Plutarch and Sextus of Chaeronea. Lucius experiments with magic and is accidentally turned into an ass. In this guise, he hears and sees many unusual things, until escaping from his predicament in a rather unexpected way. Within this frame story are found many digressions, the longest among them being the well-known tale of Cupid and Psyche. This story is a rare instance of a fairy tale preserved in an ancient literary text.
The Metamorphoses ends with the (once again human) hero, Lucius, eager to be initiated into the mystery cult of Isis; he abstains from forbidden foods, bathes, and purifies himself. He is introduced to the Navigium Isidis. Then the secrets of the cult's books are explained to him, and further secrets are revealed before he goes through the process of initiation, which involves a trial by the elements on a journey to the underworld. Lucius is then asked to seek initiation into the cult of Osiris in Rome, and eventually is initiated into the pastophoroi – a group of priests that serves Isis and Osiris.
The Apologia
Apologia (Apulei Platonici pro Se de Magia) is the version of the defence presented in Sabratha, in 158–159, before the proconsul Claudius Maximus, by Apuleius accused of the crime of magic. Between the traditional exordium and peroratio, the argumentation is divided into three sections:
Refutation of the accusations levelled against his private life. He demonstrates that by marrying Pudentilla he had no interested motive and that he carries it away, intellectually and morally, on his opponents.
Attempt to prove that his so-called "magical operations" were in fact indispensable scientific experiments for an imitator of Aristotle and Hippocrates, or the religious acts of a Roman Platonist.
A recount of the events that have occurred in Oea since his arrival and pulverize the arguments against him.
The main interest of the Apology is historical, as it offers substantial information about its author, magic and life in Africa in the second century.
Other works
His other works are:
Florida. A compilation of twenty-three extracts from his various speeches and lectures.
De Platone et dogmate eius (On Plato and his Doctrine). An outline in two books of Plato's physics and ethics, preceded by a life of Plato
(On the God of Socrates). A work on the existence and nature of daemons, the intermediaries between gods and humans. This treatise was attacked by Augustine of Hippo. It contains a passage comparing gods and kings which is the first recorded occurrence of the proverb "familiarity breeds contempt":
On the Universe. This Latin translation of Pseudo-Aristotle's work De Mundo is probably by Apuleius.
Apuleius wrote many other works which have not survived. He wrote works of poetry and fiction, as well as technical treatises on politics, dendrology, agriculture, medicine, natural history, astronomy, music, and arithmetic, and he translated Plato's Phaedo.
Spurious works
The extant works wrongly attributed to Apuleius are:
Peri Hermeneias (On interpretation). A brief Latin version of a guide to Aristotelian logic.
Asclepius. A Latin paraphrase of a lost Greek dialogue (The perfect discourse) featuring Asclepius and Hermes Trismegistus.
Apuleian Sphere
The Apuleian Sphere described in Petosiris to Nechepso, also known as "Columcille's Circle" or "Petosiris' Circle", is a magical prognosticating device for predicting the survival of a patient.
See also
Boethius
Square of opposition
Notes
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Apuleius
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Frances Louisa Clayton (c. 1830 – after 1863), also recorded as Frances Clalin, was an American woman who purportedly disguised herself as a man to fight for the Union Army in the American Civil war, though many historians now believe her story was likely fabricated. Under the alias Jack Williams, she claimed to have enlisted in a Missouri regiment along with her husband, and fought in several battles. She claimed that she left the army soon after her husband died at Stones River.
Newspaper reports indicate that Clayton served in both cavalry and artillery units. Her story became known and widely circulated after her service, though each account contains contradictory, and in some cases dubious, information about her life and supposed service. Several photographs of Clayton, including images of her in uniform, are known to exist. However, little else is known of her life and no official military record exists of her service.
Biography
Clayton and her husband were from Minnesota. Her husband's name is not clear; one newspaper story gives it as Frank Clayton, apparently a confusion of Frances' own name, while other sources name him John or Elmer. Following the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, the Claytons decided to enlist in the Union Army, with Frances disguising herself as a man named Jack Williams.
By most accounts, they enlisted in a Missouri unit in Saint Paul, Minnesota, despite being from Minnesota. Clayton is said to have fought in 18 battles. Sources from after the war record her as serving in both cavalry and artillery units, and indicate that she was wounded in battle; according to her subsequent statements this occurred at the Battle of Fort Donelson. The same accounts describe her as a "very tall, masculine looking woman bronzed by exposure". She was further able to convincingly pass as a man through her "masculine stride in walking" and "erect and soldierly carriage", as well as by adopting male vices such as drinking, smoking, chewing tobacco, swearing, and gambling. In the service, she became an "accomplished horse-man" and a "capital swordsman". She was reported to have fought in the Battle of Shiloh in April 1862. In December 1862, she fought in the Battle of Stones River, where her husband was killed during a charge. The news stories reported that she did not stop fighting, and stepped over his body to continue the charge.
Clayton's story only became known after her service and was reported in several newspaper stories, though these accounts all contain contradictory information. According to these stories, Clayton was discharged in Louisville in 1863, shortly after her husband's death. She told reporters that she was never discovered as a woman. Sources say, however, that her discharge resulted from her being medically examined after a bullet wound to the hip. She attempted to return to Minnesota before going back to the military to collect her and her husband's back pay, but her train was ambushed by Confederate guerrillas who took her money and papers. Thereafter, she traveled from Missouri to Minnesota, to Grand Rapids, Michigan, and finally to Quincy, Illinois, where a collection was held to help her on her trip. The last known report describes her heading to Washington, D.C.
Several photographs of Frances Clayton are known to exist. Two were taken in Boston and are now in the possession of the Boston Public Library. One shows Clayton in women's clothing, while the other depicts her in uniform. Unlike other women of the Civil War, Clayton was described by newspapers as tall and masculine-looking. She frequently took part in soldierly past-times such as drinking, smoking, or chewing tobacco.
Legacy and controversy
The series of photos of Clayton, taken in Boston at S. Masury’s studio, has become the most well-known images of a female Civil War soldier. However, the only knowledge of Clayton’s story beyond these photos is her own words as told through a few periodical articles from 1863, primarily the short-lived Philadelphia political pamphlet, "Fincher's Trades' Review." Those stories are fraught with inconsistencies.
Of the units in which she was purported to have served, one did not exist (4th Missouri Heavy Artillery), and the other did not come into existence until after her supposed military service concluded (13th Missouri Cavalry). Neither, of course, was engaged at Stones River, and certainly no cavalry unit participated in a bayonet charge as the story claims.
None of the military units in which Clayton claimed to have served contain any record of a Jack Williams, or her husband, or any possible derivation of their names. There are no records in any Missouri or Minnesota unit that match. No Frank (or Elmer, or John) Clayton (or Clalin, or Claylin) was killed at Stones River. The files of the War Department at the National Archives contain no discharge or hospital records. It is possible that Frances Clayton simply fabricated her story and posed in a photographer's prop uniform (to include a non-standard infantry jacket and officer's sword) in an effort profit from the war via donations and a fraudulent pension application.
Clayton and her story served as an inspiration to Beth Gilleland, who produced a 1996 play Civil Ceremony.
Gallery
See also
List of female American Civil War soldiers
List of wartime cross-dressers
Deborah Sampson, impersonated a man to fight during the American War of Independence
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Frances Clayton
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The history of Saxony began with a small tribe living on the North Sea between the Elbe and Eider River in what is now Holstein. The name of this tribe, the Saxons (Latin: Saxones), was first mentioned by the Greek author Ptolemy. The name Saxons is derived from the Seax, a knife used by the tribe as a weapon.
In the 3rd and 4th centuries, Germany was inhabited by great tribal confederations of the Alamanni, Bavarians, Thuringians, Franks, Frisii, and Saxons. These took the place of numerous petty tribes with their own popular tribal forms of government. With the exception of the Saxons, all these confederations were ruled by kings. The Saxons, in contrast, were divided into a number of independent bodies under different chieftains. In time of war these chieftains drew lots to select a leader, who was followed by the other chieftains until the war ended.
In the 3rd and 4th centuries, the Saxons fought their way victoriously towards the west, and their name was given to the great tribal confederation that stretched towards the west exactly to the former boundary of the Roman Empire, almost to the Rhine. Only a small strip of land on the right bank of the Rhine remained to the Frankish tribe. Towards the south the Saxons pushed as far as the Harz Mountains and the Eichsfeld, and in the succeeding centuries they absorbed the greater part of Thuringia. In the east their power extended at first as far as the Elbe and Saale Rivers. In later centuries it extended much farther. The whole coast of the North Sea (the German Ocean) belonged to the Saxons except the part west of the Weser that the Frisians retained.
Pagan Saxony
Ptolemy's Geographia, written in the 2nd century, is sometimes considered to contain the first written reference to the Saxons. Some copies of this text mention a tribe called Saxones in the area to the north of the lower Elbe. However, other versions refer to the same tribe as Axones. This may be a misspelling of Aviones, the name of a tribe mentioned by Tacitus in his Germania. According to this theory, the word "Saxones" was the result of later scribes trying to correct a name that meant nothing to them.
On the other hand, Schütte, in his analysis of such problems in Ptolemy's Maps of Northern Europe, believed that "Saxones" is correct. He notes that the loss of first letters occurs in numerous places in various copies of Ptolemy's work, and also that the manuscripts without "Saxones" are generally inferior overall. Schütte also remarks that there was a medieval tradition of calling this area "Old Saxony". This view is in line with Bede, who mentions that Old Saxony was near the Rhine, somewhere to the north of the river Lippe, roughly equivalent to Westphalia, the northeastern part of the modern German state of North Rhine Westphalia.
From the 8th century, the Saxons were divided into four subdivisions (gau): Westphalians, between the Rhine and the Weser; the Engern or Angrians, on both sides of the Weser; the Eastphalians, between the Weser and the Elbe; and the Transalbingians, in what is now Holstein. The only one of these names that has been preserved is Westphalians, later given to the inhabitants of the Prussian Province of Westphalia.
The Frankish King Clovis I (481-511) united the various Frankish tribes, conquered Roman Gaul, and accepted Christianity. The new Frankish kingdom was able to bring all the Germanic tribes except the Saxons under its authority and to make them Christian. For more than a hundred years there was almost uninterrupted warfare between the Franks and the Saxons.
After a bloody struggle that lasted thirty years (772–804), the Saxons were finally brought under Frankish supremacy by the Emperor Charlemagne. The earliest date at which it can be proved that Charlemagne had the conquest of the Saxon districts in view is 776. Charlemagne's campaigns were intended mainly to punish the Saxons for their annual marauding expeditions to the Rhine. Charlemagne also vigorously pursued the conversion of the Saxons to Christianity, which involved the Frankish emperor in the suppression of the native religion and brutalities such as the execution of 4,500 Saxons at Verden in 782.
Medieval Duchy of Saxony and Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg (880–1356)
When the Frankish kingdom was divided by the Treaty of Verdun (843) the territory east of the Rhine became the East Frankish Kingdom, from which the present Germany has developed. A strong central authority was lacking during the reigns of the weak East Frankish kings of the Carolingian dynasty. Each German tribe was forced to rely upon itself for defence against the incursions of the Norsemen from the north and of the Slavs from the east, consequently the tribes once more chose dukes as rulers. The first Saxon duke was Otto the Illustrious (880–912) of the Liudolfinger line (descendants of Liudolf); Otto was able to extend his power over Thuringia. Otto's son Henry was elected king of Germany (919–936); Henry is justly called the real founder of the German Empire. His son Otto I (936–973) was the first non-Carolingian German king to receive from the pope the imperial Roman crown (962). Otto I was followed as king and emperor by his son Otto II (973–983), who was succeeded by his son Otto III (983–1002).
The line of Saxon emperors expired with Henry II (1002–1024). Henry I had been both King of Germany and Duke of Saxony at the same time. Mainly for the sake of his ducal possessions he had carried on a long and difficult struggle with the Slavs on the eastern boundary of his country. The Emperor Otto I was also for the greater part of his reign Duke of Saxony. He divided the region he had acquired into several margraviates, the most important being: the North Mark, out of which in the course of time the Kingdom of Prussia developed, and the Margraviate of Meissen, from which sprang the Kingdom of Saxony. Each mark was divided into districts, not only for military and political purposes but also for ecclesiastical: the central point of each district was a fortified castle.
Otto I laid the basis of the organization of the Church in this territory by making the chief fortified places which he established in the different marks the sees of dioceses. In 960 Otto I had transferred the ducal authority over Saxony to Margrave Hermann Billung, who had distinguished himself in the struggle with the Slavs, and the ducal title became hereditary in Count Hermann's family. This old Duchy of Saxony, as it is called in distinction from the Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg, became the centre of the opposition of the German princes to the imperial power during the era of the Franconian or Salian emperors. With the death of Duke Magnus in 1106 the Saxon ducal family, frequently called the Billung line, became extinct.
The Emperor Henry V (1106–25) gave the Duchy of Saxony in fief to Count Lothair of Supplinburg, who in 1125 became King of Germany, and at his death (1137) transferred the Duchy of Saxony to his son-in-law, Duke Henry the Proud, of the princely family of the Welf (Guelph). Henry the Lion refused to aid the Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa in his campaign against the cities of Lombardy in 1176, consequently in 1180 the ban of the empire was proclaimed against Henry at Würzburg, and 1181 the old Duchy of Saxony was cut up at the Diet of Gelnhausen into many small portions. The greater share of its western portion was given, as the Duchy of Westphalia, to the Archbishopric of Cologne. The Saxon bishops, who had before this possessed sovereign authority in their territories, though under the suzerainty of the Duke of Saxony, gained imperial immediacy subject only to the imperial government; the case was the same with a large number of secular counties and cities.
The Diet of Gelnhausen is of much importance in the history of Germany. The Emperor Frederick executed here a great legal act. Yet the splitting up of the extensive country of the Saxons into a large number of principalities subject only to the imperial government was one of the causes of the system of petty states which proved so disadvantageous to Germany in its later history. The territory of the old duchy never again bore the name of Saxony; the large western part acquired the name of Westphalia. However, as regards customs and peculiarities of speech, the designation Lower Saxony was still in existence for the districts on the lower Elbe, that is, the northern part of the Province of Saxony, Hanover, Hamburg, etc., in distinction from Upper Saxony, that is, the Kingdom of Saxony, and Thuringia.
From the era of the conversion of the Saxons up to the revolt of the 16th century, a rich religious life was developed in the territory included in the medieval Duchy of Saxony. Art, learning, poetry, and the writing of history reached a high degree of perfection in the many monasteries. Among the most noted places of learning were the cathedral and monastery schools of Corvey, Hildesheim, Paderborn and Münster. This era produced architecturally fine churches of the Romanesque style that are still in existence, as the cathedrals of Goslar, Soest and Brunswick, the chapel of St. Bartholomew at Paderborn, the collegiate churches at Quedlinburg, Königslutter, Gernrode, etc. Hildesheim, which contains much Romanesque work, has especially fine churches of this style. The cathedrals at Naumburg, Paderborn, Münster and Osnabrück are striking examples of the Transition period. Only a few of these buildings still belong to the Catholic Church.
Palatinate of Saxony
King Otto I established the "Palatinate of Saxony" (Pfalzgrafschaft Sachsen) in the southern part of the Duchy of Saxony, in the Saale-Unstrut region. The first Saxon count palatine from the House of Goseck was Burchard (1003 to 1017, grandson of Dedi). On the death of Frederick V in 1179, the Goseck line of counts palatine died out. That same year, the Palatinate of Saxony was enfeoffed by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa to Louis the Pious of the Ludovingian family. He left it to his brother Hermann in 1181. After Hermann's death in 1217, the Palatinate fell to his son Louis.
When Ludwig IV died on crusade in 1227, his brother Henry Raspe took over the affairs of state on behalf of Louis' underage son Hermann II. Hermann II died in 1241 at the age of 19 and Henry Raspe officially became ruler. Since Henry Raspe also remained childless, he obtained the contingent mortgage of the Palatinate of Saxony for his Wettin nephew Henry the Illustrious along with the Landgraviate of Thuringia.
After the death of the Henry the Illustrious, the Welf prince, Duke Henry I, Prince of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (died 1322) became Count Palatine of Saxony.
In 1363, a Palatinate of Saxony-Allstedt is mentioned for the first time.
Electorate of Saxony (1356–1806)
The Protestant Reformation of the 16th century began under the protection of the electors of Saxony – in 1517, Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses at the castle church of Wittenberg. The electorate remained a focal point of religious strife throughout the Reformation and to the subsequent Thirty Years' War.
After the dissolution of the medieval Duchy of Saxony, the name Saxony was first applied to a small part of the duchy situated on the Elbe around the city of Wittenberg. When in 1356 the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV issued the Golden Bull, the fundamental law of the empire which settled the method of electing the emperor, the Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg was made one of the seven electorates and promoted to become the Electorate of Saxony. This lent influence out of proportion to the small area of the state. In addition, electoral status required succession based on primogeniture, which precluded the division of the territory among several heirs and the consequent disintegration of the country.
Following the Thirty Years' War, Saxony's rulers and population were Lutheran. However, in the 18th century Frederick Augustus I converted to Roman Catholicism to be crowned King of Poland as Augustus II. The Polish-Saxon union and dual state continued until the death of Augustus III in 1763. Throughout this time, the population of Saxony remained largely Protestant.
In 1756, Saxony joined the coalition of Austria, France and Russia against Prussia. Frederick II of Prussia chose to attack pre-emptively and invaded Saxony in August 1756, precipitating the Seven Years' War. The Prussians quickly defeated Saxony and incorporated the Saxon army into the Prussian army. They made the mistake of keeping their units intact rather than mixing them up. Whole Saxon units deserted. At the end of the Seven Years' War, Saxony once again became an independent state.
When in 1806 Napoleon I's French Empire began a war with Prussia, Saxony at first allied itself to Prussia, but afterwards joined Napoleon and entered the Confederation of the Rhine and the electorate became the Kingdom of Saxony with Elector Frederick Augustus III becoming King Frederick Augustus I.
Kingdom of Saxony (1806–1918)
The new kingdom was an ally of France in all the Napoleonic wars of the years 1807–13. At the beginning of the great German Campaign of 1813 the king sided neither with Napoleon nor with his allied opponents, but united his troops with those of France when Napoleon threatened to treat Saxony as a hostile country. At the Battle of Leipzig (16–18 October 1813), when Napoleon was completely defeated, the greater part of the Saxon troops deserted to the allied forces. The King of Saxony was taken as a Prussian prisoner to the Castle of Friedrichsfeld near Berlin. The Congress of Vienna (1814–15) took from Saxony the greater part of its land and gave it to Prussia, namely with about 850,000 inhabitants; this ceded territory included the former Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg, the former possessions of the Dioceses of Merseburg and Naumburg, a large part of Lusatia, etc. What Prussia had obtained, with the addition of some old Prussian districts, was formed into the Province of Saxony.
The Kingdom of Saxony had left only an area of with a population at that era of 1,500,000 inhabitants; under these conditions it became a member of the German Confederation that was founded in 1815. King John (1854–73) sided with Austria in the struggle between Prussia and Austria as to the supremacy in Germany. Consequently, in the War of 1866, when Prussia was successful, the independence of Saxony was once more in danger; only the intervention of the Austrian Emperor saved Saxony from being entirely absorbed by Prussia. The kingdom, however, was obliged to join the North German Confederation of which Prussia was the head. In 1871 Saxony became one of the states of the newly founded German Empire. King John was followed by his son King Albert (1873–1902); Albert was succeeded by his brother George (1902–04); the son of George is King Frederick Augustus III. Prince Maximilian (born 1870), a brother of the king, became a priest in 1896, was engaged in parish work in London and Nuremberg, and since 1900 has been a professor of canon law and liturgy in the University of Freiburg in Switzerland.
The Kingdom of Saxony is the fifth state of the German Empire in area and third in population; in 1905 the average population per square mile was 778.8. Saxony is the most densely peopled state of the empire, and indeed of all Europe; the reason is the very large immigration on account of the development of manufactures. In 1910 the population amounted to 5,302,485; of whom 218,033 were Catholics; 4,250,398 Evangelical Lutherans; 14,697 Jews; and a small proportion of other denominations. T
he Catholic population of Saxony owes its present numbers largely to immigration during the 19th century. Catholicism that can be traced back to the period before the Reformation is found only in one section, the governmental department of Bautzen. Even here there is no continuous Catholic district, but there are a number of villages where the population is almost entirely Catholic, and two cities (Ostritz and Schirgiswalde) where Catholics are in the majority. It should also be mentioned that about 1.5% of the inhabitants of Saxony consists of the remains of a Slavonic tribe called by the Germans Wends, and in their own language "Serbjo". These Wends, who number about 120,000 persons and live in Saxon and Prussian Lusatia, are entirely surrounded by a German population; consequently owing to German influence the Wendic language, manners, and customs are gradually disappearing. About 50,000 Wends live in the Kingdom of Saxony; of these about 12,000 belong to the Catholic Church; some fifty Wendic villages are entirely Catholic. There is also a large Wendic population in the city of Bautzen, where among 30,000 inhabitants 7,000 are Wends.
After 1918
After 1918 Saxony was a state in the Weimar Republic. In October 1923, when the Communist Party of Germany entered the Social Democratic-led government in Dresden with hidden revolutionary intentions, the Reich government under Chancellor Gustav Stresemann used a Reichsexekution to send troops into Saxony to remove the Communists from the government. Saxony continued to exist during the Nazi era and under Soviet occupation. It was dissolved in 1952, and divided into three smaller 'Bezirke' based on Leipzig, Dresden and Karl-Marx-Stadt, but re-established within slightly altered borders in 1990 upon German reunification.
Today the Free State of Saxony also includes a small part of former Prussian Silesia around the town of Görlitz which remained German after the war and which for obvious reasons of unviability as a separate state was incorporated into Saxony. This part had been part of Silesia only after 1815 and belonged as part of Upper Lusatia to Bohemia before 1623 and previously to Saxony between 1623 and 1815.
Prussian province of Saxony
The province had an area of , and in 1905 had 2,979,221 inhabitants. Of its population 230,860 (7.8%) were Catholic, 2,730,098 (91%) were Protestant; 9,981 hold other forms of Christian faith, and 8,050 were Jews. During the summer months about 15,000 to 20,000 Catholic labourers, called Sachsengänger, came into the country; they were Poles from the Prussian Province of Posen, from Russian Poland, or Galicia. The province was divided into the three government departments of Magdeburg, Merseburg and Erfurt.
The Prussian Province of Saxony was formed in 1815 from the territories, about in extent, ceded by the Kingdom of Saxony, with the addition of some districts already belonging to Prussia, the most important of which are the Altmark, from which the State of Prussia sprang; the former immediate principalities of the Archbishopric of Magdeburg and of the Bishopric of Halberstadt, which Prussia had received by the Peace of Westphalia (1648) at the close of the Thirty Years' War; and the Eichsfeld, with the city of Erfurt and its surroundings.
Up to 1802 the Eichsfeld and Erfurt had belonged to the principality of the Archbishopric of Mainz; a large part of the population had therefore retained the Catholic faith during the Reformation. As regards ecclesiastical affairs the Province of Saxony had been assigned to the Diocese of Paderborn by the papal bull De salute animarum of 16 July 1821.
The province contained three ecclesiastical administrative divisions: the episcopal commissariat of Magdeburg that embraced the entire governmental department of Magdeburg and consisted of four deaneries and 25 parishes; the "ecclesiastical Court" of Erfurt, which included the governmental Department of Merseburg and the eastern half of the governmental Department of Erfurt; and consisted of 2 deaneries (Halle and Erfurt) and 28 parishes; the episcopal commissariat of Heiligenstadt, which embraced the western half of the governmental department of Erfurt, that is called the Upper Eichsfeld, and consisted of 16 deaneries and 129 parishes.
See also
Electorate of Saxony
Lower Saxony – partial modern successor State in Germany
Ottonian dynasty
Rulers of Saxony
Wettin (dynasty)
History of cities in Saxony
Timeline of Chemnitz
Timeline of Dresden
Timeline of Leipzig
Notes
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History of Saxony
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The Toronto Police Pipe Band is a Canadian pipe band organization based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada directly composed of a band in grade 2; and 5 through its youth affiliate, Ryan Russell Memorial. The band performs at parades, festivals, ceremonies and funerals on behalf of the Toronto Police Service, and participates internationally in piping competitions.
History
The Toronto Police Pipe Band was founded in 1912. The band was originally formed for local parades and events, and later participated in recruiting drives during World War I. The band was forced to temporarily halt operations soon after the start of World War II, and would not parade until 1960. After the sponsoring force's amalgamation with 12 other municipalities, the band renamed itself to the Metropolitan Toronto Police Pipe Band.
In the 1970s, the band began competing, sanctioned in grade 2. The band managed to win 1st place in their division at the Cowal Gathering. Sometime after, the band was promoted to the premier grade. Following Metropolitan Toronto's amalgamation, the band adopted its current name.
Toronto Police has won the grade 1 North American Championship at the Glengarry Highland Games a total of 3 times in 1996, 2004 and 2006. In 2006, the band won the American, Canadian and North American Championships.
In 2008 the band competed with a non-traditional medley titled "Variations on a Theme of Good Intentions". In contrast from traditional medley compositions commonly fielded, this set was constructed as a suite on a theme rather than separate tunes. The set was composed for pipes by Michael Grey, brought in as pipe sergeant, under then-pipe major Ian K. MacDonald. Grey previously occupied the position of pipe major at the Peel Regional Police Pipe Band, and as pipe sergeant and player with the 78th Fraser Highlanders Pipe Band when they won the World Pipe Band Championships in 1987.
Grey continued to write competition medleys and other music in his position until departing in the 2013 season to play with the Glasgow Police Pipe Band.
The band has not competed since the departure of its last drum sergeant Craig Stewart in 2018 and the commencement of their ongoing search for a leading-drummer. Consequently, incumbent Pipe Major Sean McKeown and Pipe Sergeant Ian K. MacDonald, a Detective Constable and Detective respectively within the Toronto Police Service, played with the Field Marshal Montgomery Pipe Band the following season in 2019.
Pipe Majors
Thomas Ross (1912-1924)
??? Leask (1924-1939)
Alexander "Sandy" Johnson (1960-1965)
Robert MacDonald (1966-1973)
John MacDonald (1973-1995)
James MacHattie (2004-2007)
Ian K. MacDonald (1996-2003, 2008-2014)
Sean McKeown (2015–present)
Leading Drummers
Alan Savage (1997-2002)
Jeremy Keddy (2003)
Doug Stronach (2004-2010)
Ken Constable (2011-2013)
Mark Passmore (2014)
Craig Stewart (2004, 2015-2018)
Organization
Besides fielding its premier competition band in grade 1, the Toronto Police Pipe Band operates another band in grade 2. The band also instructs 2 juvenile bands in grade 3 and grade 5 through the Ryan Russell Pipe Band.
Prior to the grade 2 band's upgrade in 2019, it placed 6th at the 2018 Worlds in grade 3B and won the best drumming award in that section.
Discography
Live at the el Mocambo: Raw and off the Floor (2010)
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Toronto Police Pipe Band
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Frank Scott Akins (March 31, 1919 – July 6, 1992) was an American football running back who played for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Washington State University and was drafted in the 30th round of the 1943 NFL Draft. He taught history and drivers education at Anderson High School, Anderson, CA.
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Frank Akins
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Touch FM was an Independent Local Radio station broadcasting to Burton, Lichfield, Tamworth and South Derbyshire, England.
Centre FM
Centre FM was created as the result of work by the Tamworth Community Radio Association. It was formed in 1993 with the purpose of developing a community radio station for the town and its surrounding areas. In 1996, TCRA, with a group of local businessmen and radio presenters, formed Centre Broadcasting Ltd to apply for the commercial broadcasting licence for South East Staffordshire. In addition to this, there was another rival bid from Burton-based Tower FM, who also did reading books for the blind. Considering there was interest in Burton and Swadlincote and Tamworth and Lichfield, both areas were merged by the Radio Authority.
Centre FM launched on 6 June 1998, from studios at 5-6 Aldergate, Tamworth. Upon its launch, The board consisted of Ric Simon of TCRA, local business leader Keith Hayes, representatives of Central Independent Newspapers, and ITV Central news anchorman Bob Warman. At one point, Capital Radio held shares in the station, selling them, along with those of Stratford-upon-Avon based The Bear, on 11 April 2001.
In April 2002, it was acquired by The CN Group, which, on 29 April 2006, re-branded the station as Touch FM.
Programming
The original line-up in 1998 was Sean Goldsmith at breakfast, Mike Vitti on mid-mornings, Hayley Chapman on afternoons and Antony Masters in the evening, with Mike Thomas as news editor. The strapline was 'One Great Song After Another'. Apart from Vitti, the original line-up had left by the end of 2000. Sean Goldsmith left for Hallam FM and Mike Thomas left in 2001 for the launch of Saga 105.7 FM in Birmingham, but returned to the station between 2005 and 2007. No overnight presenters were employed, instead non-stop music was played straight from a computer.
Later, Centre FM's strapline was "We Only Play the Best Music".
Touch FM
Under the CN Group, the station was re-launched as Touch FM in 2006 leaving behind almost eight years of heritage in South East Staffordshire. Touch FM was launched at 12:00 BST on Saturday 29 April 2006. The on-air launch was marked at Coopers Square Shopping Centre in Burton-upon-Trent, and was hosted by breakfast presenter Dave James with an appearance by the Sugababes. The re-branding of Centre FM made it the fourth station to join the new Touch Radio Network. Kix 96.2 and The Bear were re-branded earlier that year, with a new station for Banbury also launching Touch FM on 25 February 2006.
In 2009, the station was acquired by the Quidem group, which introduced new idents, a revised logo and changed the strapline to "Classic Hits and the Best Of Today".
The station broadcast from Aldergate in Tamworth town centre until it moved to a studio complex in Coalville in 2012, following Quidem's acquisition of Oak FM, already based there, from the Lincs FM Group. In August 2016, it received permission from OFCOM to move studios to Kenilworth in Warwickshire.
In September 2019, Quidem announced it had entered a brand licensing agreement with Global, citing financial losses. Two months later, following permission from regulator, Ofcom to change the station's format, it was confirmed Touch FM (Burton, Lichfield and Tamworth) would merge its Quidem-owned sister stations and launch as Capital Mid-Counties on 2 December 2019.
Local output for the Mid-Counties region consists of a three-hour regional Drivetime show on weekdays, alongside localised news bulletins, traffic updates and advertising for south east Staffordshire and south Derbyshire. Touch FM ceased broadcasting at 7pm on Friday 29 November 2019.
Transmitters
Touch FM used two transmitters to cover Lichfield, Tamworth and Burton. One was at the Lichfield transmitting station, which broadcast on 101.6 FM at a power of 60 watts to Lichfield and Tamworth, and another transmitter was at Winshill water tower on 102.4 FM. This covered Burton and South Derbyshire at a power of 90 watts. Even though the station was meant to cover South East Staffordshire and South Derbyshire, it could also be heard on some parts of the M6 through the West Midlands and through most of Derby.
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Touch FM (Burton, Lichfield and Tamworth)
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Moliterno (Lucano: Mulitiernu) is a town and comune in the province of Potenza, in the southern Italian region of Basilicata. It is bounded by the comuni of Castelsaraceno, Grumento Nova, Lagonegro, Lauria, Montesano sulla Marcellana, Sarconi, Tramutola.
History
Tradition states that Moliterno was built after the destruction of Grumentum by the Saracens, which occurred between 872 and 975. Several Grumentini, who had escaped the massacre, settled around a tower built by the Lombards. Moliterno was later a possession of the Normans.
Main sights
Churches
Chiesa Madre, inside it houses the painting of The Deposition, attributed to the 17th-century painter Pietrafesa.
Chiesa del Rosario
Chiesa della Trinità
Chiesa Santa Croce
Chapels
Madonna del Carmine
Chiesa Santa Barbara
Cappella di San Pietro
Chiesa di San Rocco
Cappella dell' Angelo
See also
Moliterno (cheese)
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Moliterno
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Ahmed Nasser Al-Bahri (; born 18 September 1980) is a Saudi Arabian former footballer.
Club career
At the club level, he last played as a defender for Al-Ittifaq.
International career
Al-Bahri is also a member of the Saudi Arabia national team. He appeared for his country in the 2003 Arab Cup and was a member of the Saudi team at the FIFA World Youth Championship. He was called up to the squad for the 2006 FIFA World Cup.
Honours
International
Saudi Arabia
Islamic Solidarity Games: 2005
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Ahmed Al-Bahri
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Viola Knapp Ruffner (1812–1903) was a schoolteacher and became the second wife of General Lewis Ruffner, a salt and coal mine owner and community leader in Kanawha County, West Virginia. She played a role in the personal development of Booker T. Washington, who worked in their household as a teenager after Emancipation. He credited her with teaching him the essentials of the Puritan ethic. She and the General supported his causes and they became lifelong friends. In his autobiography, Dr. Washington described Mrs. Ruffner as "one of the best friends I ever had."
Childhood, education, early career
She was born in Arlington, Vermont, and attended Bennington Academy, in Bennington, Vermont. Educated as a schoolteacher, she taught in North Carolina and New Jersey. She started her own school, but had to give the work up during an illness. While recuperating, she applied for a job as a governess for General Lewis Ruffner (1797-1883), a widower who was member of the Virginia General Assembly and community leader in the area which is now Charleston, West Virginia. She married the General in 1843.
Booker T. Washington
Young Booker came to Malden, West Virginia with his mother Jane after the Emancipation in late 1865. Following other jobs of manual labor including working in the salt mines, he served as the Ruffner family's houseboy.
According to the first of his autobiographies, Up From Slavery, Mrs. Ruffner had a harsh reputation for her rigid and strict manner, was feared by her servants and could only keep temporary employees due to her demands and expectations. A New England-trained school teacher, she was a conservative and hardworking person who valued education, cleanliness, promptness, and honesty above all else. She taught Washington the value of a dollar, and encouraged him to further his schooling, allowing him to attend school for an hour each day. Washington expresses his extreme respect and utmost regard for Ruffner, calling her "one of the best friends I ever had."
Viola and Lewis Ruffner remained key benefactors of Washington's political and civil efforts, with Viola and Booker T. Washington continuing their strong friendship after the General died in 1883 until her death 20 years later.
In modern times, the Ruffner and Washington families are still good friends, and had a reunion in Charleston, West Virginia in 2002. The Ruffners attend the Washington family reunion at Hampton annually, and both families still contribute to causes for the growth of society.
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Viola Ruffner
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Robertas Žulpa (born 20 March 1960, in Vilnius) is a former Lithuanian swimmer who competed for the Soviet Union during his professional career.
Žulpa trained at VSS Žalgiris in Vilnius, becoming the Honoured Master of Sports of the USSR in 1980. He won a gold medal in 200 m breaststroke with a time of 2:15.85 at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
In 1988, Žulpa emigrated to Italy where he started to coach swimming to 11-year-old boys. Later, he became Italian–Russian translator for various companies. Žulpa currently spends much of his time in his native Lithuania working as a Lithuanian–Italian translator.
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Robertas Žulpa
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Live Worship may refer to:
Live Worship: Blessed Be Your Name, an album Rebecca St. James
Live Worship with Tommy Walker
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Live Worship
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Vinkenbuurt is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Overijssel. It is part of the municipality of Ommen, and lies about 18 km south of Hoogeveen.
It was first mentioned in 1867 as Vinkenbuurt. The romantic explanation is "neighbourhood with chaffinchs" or it might mean "neighbourhood with bad peat". In 1927, a church was constructed, and given its population, it could qualify as a village, but probably remained a hamlet due its spread out farms.
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Vinkenbuurt
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Montecristo () is a brand of cigars and cigarettes produced separately and independently in Cuba by Habanos S.A., the national tobacco company, and in La Romana, Dominican Republic by Altadis, a subsidiary of British conglomerate Imperial Brands.
History
In July 1935, Alonso Menéndez purchased the Particulares Factory, makers of the Particulares brand and the lesser-known Byron. Immediately after its acquisition, he created a new brand named Montecristo.
The brand's name was inspired by The Count of Monte Cristo, a novel written by Alexandre Dumas père, which was allegedly a very popular novel among the torcedores (cigar rollers) in their factory to have read by the lector on the rolling floor. The Montecristo logo, consisting of a triangle of six swords surrounding a fleur-de-lis, was designed by John Hunter Morris and Elkan Co. Ltd., the brand's British distributor.
In July 1936, Menéndez founded a new firm with a partner, naming it Menéndez, García y Cía. With the growing success of the Montecristo brand, the firm purchased the faltering H. Upmann Factory (created by Hermann Dietrich Upmann in 1844) from J. Frankau SA in 1937 and transferred Montecristo production there. J. Frankau continued as sole distributor of the H. Upmann brand in the UK, while John Hunter Morris and Elkan Co. Ltd. was the sole distributor of Montecristo in Britain. In 1963, these firms merged to become "Hunters & Frankau", which today is the sole importer and distributor of all Cuban cigars in the UK.
Through the efforts of the Alfred Dunhill company, the Montecristo brand became incredibly popular worldwide and to this day accounts for roughly one-quarter of Habanos SA's worldwide cigar sales, making it the most popular Cuban cigar in the world.
Menéndez and García fled during the Cuban Revolution, and on September 15, 1960, after which the Montecristo brand, the factory, and all assets were nationalized by the government of Fidel Castro.
Menéndez and García re-established their brand in the Canary Islands, but were later forced to quit due to trademark disputes with Cubatabaco (later known as Habanos S.A.). In the mid-1970s, the operation was moved to La Romana and released for the US market, since Cuban government rights to the brand were not recognized under American law due to the 1960 nationalization and subsequent embargo. Menéndez, García, y Cía is now owned by Altadis S.A., which controls its distribution and marketing in the United States.
With Menendez and Garcia gone after 1959, one of the top grade torcedores, José Manuel González, was promoted to floor manager and proceeded to breathe new life into the brand. In the 1970s and 1980s, five new sizes were added: the A, the Especial No. 1 and 2, the Joyita, and the Petit Tubo. Three other sizes, the Montecristo No. 6, No. 7, and B, were released but subsequently discontinued, though the B can occasionally be found in very small releases each year in Cuba. Through the 1970s and 1980s, Cuban Montecristo continued to rise in popularity among cigar smokers, becoming one of that nations’s best-selling cigar brands.
Today
Cuban Montecristo
The Montecristo No. 2 is the most popular cigar in the world market. In 2004 the Edmundo was added, a large robusto-sized cigar named for the hero of Dumas' The Count of Monte Cristo, Edmond Dantès.
The Montecristo No. 4 is the best selling Cuban cigar. It is a one-half to one hour's smoke, and is generally considered to be an excellent starting point for those new to Cuban cigars. The Montecristo No. 4 was the preferred cigar of Argentine revolutionary leader Ernesto "Che" Guevara.
Montecristo is regularly chosen to be featured in Habanos SA's annual Edición Limitada selection of cigars with a darker vintage wrapper, and issues numerous limited editions of cigars for special occasions, anniversaries, the annual Festival del Habano, charities, etc.
In 2007, a cigar called the Edmundo Dantes Conde 109 was released as a part of Habanos' regional edition series. All regional edition series boxes are numbered and the productions are limited. It uses a Montecristo blend and is believed to have a different name because of trademark right problems in Mexico. At the IX Festival de Habano, Habanos SA announced Montecristo No. 4 Reserva Cosecha 2002. This cigar is rolled in the exact same vitola as the Montecristo No. 4, and features Vuelta Abajo tobacco from the 2002 crop aged a minimum of five years before being rolled into the cigar. Only 5,000 black lacquered cases are available and each case is numbered.
A new, lighter-bodied line was released at the XI Festival del Habano in February 2009. The planned name for the new line had been Sport, but because of EU regulations prohibiting marketing tobacco with sports imagery, the name was changed to Open with vitola names inspired by sports such as golf and yachting.
In 2011, Habanos SA announced at the XIII Festival del Habano the first ever Gran Reserva for Montecristo, Montecristo No. 2 Gran Reserva Cosecha 2006. This special cigar is rolled in the exact same vitola as the legendary Montecristo No.2 Pirámides, and features Vuelta Abajo tobacco from the 2005 harvest aged at least five years before being rolled into the cigars. Only 5,000 densely lacquered boxes are available and each box is numbered.
The 80th anniversary of the Montecristo brand was celebrated in March 2015 at the VII Festival del Habano. Habanos SA revealed the Montecristo 80 Anniversario at the festival. This exclusive cigar comes in a simple, polished, dark-brown box that contains 20 cigars. Only 30,000 boxes are being produced. It was released in August 2016.
Montecristo also produces three machine-made cigarillos: the Mini, the Club, and the Purito.
See also
Cigar brands
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Montecristo (cigar)
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Bion 8 or Kosmos 1887 (in Russian: Бион 8, Космос 1887) was a Bion satellite.
Mission
Bion 8 carried a payload of biological and radiation physics experiments from nine countries. The landing was several hundred miles from the expected recovery site, which resulted in considerable difficulties. The biological payload on the spacecraft included 2 monkeys, 10 rats, fruit flies, grasshoppers, beetles, guppies, Hynobiidae, Chlorella ciliate, newts and corn. More than 50 NASA-sponsored scientists were involved in conducting the 33 American experiments on board.
One of these experiments, a study of radiation levels in the space environment, did not require the use of any biological subjects. The United States conducted only one experiment on the primates flown on the biosatellite. The remaining American experiments were performed on tissue samples from five of the flight rats. A number of these experiments were extensions of the studies conducted on the Spacelab-3 mission in April 1985. The other countries involved in conducting experiments on the mission were the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, the East Germany, France, Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary. The European Space Agency (ESA) also sponsored some experiments. The United States was responsible for developing flight and ground-based hardware, verifying testing of hardware and experiment procedures, developing rat tissue sampling procedures, and transferring tissues and data from the Soviet Union after the flight. One of the mission's noteworthy features was the rat biospecimen sharing program, which allowed a great number of rat tissue samples to be analysed. The objective of the U.S. experiments was to investigate the effect of microgravity on various body systems.
The primate experiment was designed to study the growth and development of the peripheral skeleton. Rat studies encompassed a broad array of disciplines. The effects of microgravity on cardiac, liver, small intestine and bone tissue, liver function, skeletal growth, hormone levels and metabolism were studied using various approaches. Other studies investigated changes in the immune, nervous and reproductive systems, in muscle and connective tissue and in skeletal and mineral homeostasis. Another experiment was conducted to evaluate radiation exposure during the flight and to measure the shielding effectiveness of the spacecraft. Ten 12-week-old male specific pathogen free Wistar rats were flown in the Rodent-BIOS. Two rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta) named Drema and Yerosha occupied the Primate-BIOS.
See also
1987 in spaceflight
Animals in space
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Kosmos 1887
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George Paul Horse Capture (October 20, 1937 – April 16, 2013) (A'aninin) was an anthropologist, activist, and writer.
Horse Capture was one of the earlier Native Americans to be a museum curator. He was the first curator of the Plains Indian Museum in Cody, Wyoming, and worked for a decade at the National Museum of the American Indian, during planning for its new building on the Mall in Washington, DC. He was an enrolled member of the Fort Belknap Indian Community of the Fort Belknap Reservation of Montana.
Early life and education
George Horse Capture was born into the A'aninin (Gros Ventre) in a log cabin in Fort Belknap, which is located in north-central Montana, near Harlem. He was an enrolled member of the tribe. As a child, he lived with his maternal grandmother and cousins on the reservation. When it came time for high school, he moved to Butte, Montana, where he joined his mother. After graduating, he joined the U.S. Navy, serving as a shipfitter for four years.
After leaving the Navy, Horse Capture worked for five years as a welder's helper, becoming a steel inspector for the California Department of Water Resources; he was "the only minority person at that time for the State of California." He participated in the Native American occupation of Alcatraz Island beginning in 1969. It gathered national attention for American Indian activism and issues. He enrolled at University of California, Berkeley, where he earned a bachelor's degree in anthropology.
Academic career
Horse Capture returned to Montana, where he served as assistant professor of American Indian Studies at Montana State University in Bozeman. He also taught college in Great Falls and earned a master's in history at the University there.
In 1979, Horse Capture was hired as the first curator of the Plains Indian Museum at the Buffalo Bill Historical Center, Cody, Wyoming; he was one of the first Native Americans to serve as a museum curator in the US. He is credited with bringing the museum to "national prominence."
He also started publishing some of the material he had collected on the Gros Ventre and their culture and language.
In 1994, Horse Capture was selected as the Deputy Assistant Director for Cultural Resources at the National Museum of the American Indian in New York City. He worked at NMAI for 10 years, helping to develop the new museum to be built on the Mall in Washington, DC. He served as senior counselor to the director. He retired in 2004. "He was determined to make it a museum for Native peoples, not just about them." In 2005, he organized a conference at the University of Great Falls, "American Indian Nations: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow."
Personal life
He married Kay-Karol, his third wife. He had children from his previous marriages: George Jr., Joseph, Daylight, and Peter.
Horse Capture died April 16, 2013, of kidney failure at their home in Great Falls, as complications from diabetes and congestive heart failure. He was buried at Fort Belknap Agency Cemetery. He was survived by his third wife, KayKarol Horse Capture, and his four children. His many grandchildren and great-grandchildren knew him as "Grandpa Braids".
Works
His published works include The Seven Visions of Bull Lodge (1980/1996), which he edited an annotated An American Indian Perspective, I'd Rather Be Powwowing, and Indian Country. Horse Capture spent his entire professional life gathering materials about his tribe, the A'aninin. These works include photographs, objects, publications, and songs. With this material, he created the Tribal Archive Project, "a database that includes information from worldwide museum sources about the A'aninin." One month after he presented his final version of the archive to tribal members, he died. This may be the first tribal digital archive created.
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George Horse Capture
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Retiro is the name of a railway station complex in Buenos Aires, Argentina, that includes three main terminal train stations (Retiro-Mitre, Retiro-Belgrano and Retiro-San Martín) and two terminal subway stations (Retiro of Line C and Retiro of Line E).
The complex is named after the neighborhood where it is located, Retiro. It is close to Retiro Bus Terminal Station, the country´s biggest bus terminal.
Overview
The stations are very close to the Retiro bus station (Terminal de Omnibus), the principal long-distance bus terminal in Buenos Aires. The complex is also accessible by the C line of the Buenos Aires Metro system and by numerous local public bus services. The stations will also be accessible by both Line E and Line H of the metro once their extensions are complete.
Three stations are located opposite Plaza San Martín, a large park.
Services
Commuter rail
Retiro is the largest railway complex in Buenos Aires and more commuter trains arrive and depart from here than in any other station in the city. As of 2015, the following companies operate regular services to the suburbs of Buenos Aires along three principal lines:
Mitre service calling at José León Suárez (General San Martín Partido), Tigre, and Bartolomé Mitre along its three branches. Long-distance services to Rosario and Tucumán cities. Both operated by Trenes Argentinos.
Belgrano Norte service to Villa Rosa (Pilar Partido). Operated by private company Ferrovías.
San Martín service calling at Villa Devoto, El Palomar, Caseros and Pilar, amongst others. Operated by Trenes Argentinos.
Long-distance
In addition to its status as the hub of an extensive commuter railway network, Retiro stations are also the terminus of a few long-distance passenger services which provide access to cities in the north and west of the country. As of 2015, state-owned Trenes Argentinos manages long-distance services to the cities of Córdoba, Tucumán and Rosario. Those services had been run by defunct company Ferrocentral.
From the Retiro San Martín station trains depart to Rufino station in Santa Fe Province.
Gallery
See also
Retiro Belgrano railway station
Retiro Mitre railway station
Retiro San Martín railway station
Rail transport in Argentina
Retiro (Line C Buenos Aires Underground)
Retiro (Line E Buenos Aires Underground)
Retiro (Line G Buenos Aires Underground)
Retiro (Line H Buenos Aires Underground)
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Retiro railway station
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11/6/00 – Seattle, Washington is a three-disc live album and the seventy-second and final in a long series of live bootlegs that the American alternative rock band Pearl Jam released from the band's 2000 Binaural Tour. It was released along with the other official bootlegs from the second North American leg of the tour on March 27, 2001.
Overview
The album was recorded on November 6, 2000, in Seattle, Washington at KeyArena. This was the band's last show of its three-leg 2000 tour. The band performed at this show for over three hours, playing most of its hits along with selected cover songs such as "The Kids Are Alright" and "Baba O'Riley" by The Who, one of Pearl Jam's biggest musical influences. This show also featured the North American tour's first performance of "Alive", which had been purposely omitted from all shows on the tour.
This show was selected by the band as one of 18 "Ape/Man" shows from the tour, which, according to bassist Jeff Ament, were shows the band found "really exciting." Allmusic called the show an "essential live document," and gave it four and a half out of a possible five stars. Allmusic staff writer Douglas Siwek said that "by the time they hit their hometown of Seattle in November 2000, it was obvious that the band was truly in sync musically." It debuted at number 98 on the Billboard 200 album chart and was the highest charting official bootleg out of the entire series. "Leatherman", "Better Man", "Nothingman", "Nothing as It Seems", and "Rearviewmirror" from this show appear on the Touring Band 2000 DVD.
Critical reception
Track listing
Disc one
"Release" (Jeff Ament, Stone Gossard, Dave Krusen, Mike McCready, Eddie Vedder) – 5:13
"Corduroy" (Dave Abbruzzese, Ament, Gossard, McCready, Vedder) – 4:28
"Grievance" (Vedder) – 3:07
"Rearviewmirror" (Abbruzzese, Ament, Gossard, McCready, Vedder) – 6:17
"Hail, Hail" (Gossard, Vedder, Ament, McCready) – 3:23
"Evacuation" (Matt Cameron, Vedder) – 2:58
"Dissident" (Abbruzzese, Ament, Gossard, McCready, Vedder) – 5:23
"Nothing as It Seems" (Ament) – 5:35
"In Hiding" (Gossard, Vedder) – 5:23
"Leatherman" (Vedder) – 5:13
"Better Man" (Vedder) – 5:13
"Nothingman" (Vedder, Ament) – 4:39
Disc two
"Even Flow" (Vedder, Gossard) – 6:10
"Jeremy" (Vedder, Ament) – 4:53
"Lukin" (Vedder) – 0:51
"Not for You" (Abbruzzese, Ament, Gossard, McCready, Vedder) – 5:47
"Daughter" (Abbruzzese, Ament, Gossard, McCready, Vedder) – 9:42
"Encore Break" – 4:07
"Off He Goes" (Vedder) – 5:38
"Light Years" (Gossard, McCready, Vedder) – 5:46
"Parting Ways" (Vedder) – 5:03
"Go" (Abbruzzese, Ament, Gossard, McCready, Vedder) – 2:47
"Once" (Vedder, Gossard) – 3:27
Disc three
"Crazy Mary" (Victoria Williams) – 5:43
"Immortality" (Abbruzzese, Ament, Gossard, McCready, Vedder) – 6:19
"Alive" (Vedder, Gossard) – 11:57
"Soon Forget" (Vedder) – 5:48
"The Kids Are Alright" (Pete Townshend) – 2:51
"Baba O'Riley" (Townshend) – 9:42
"Yellow Ledbetter" (Ament, McCready, Vedder) – 7:11
Personnel
Pearl Jam
Jeff Ament – bass guitar, design concept
Matt Cameron – drums
Stone Gossard – guitars
Mike McCready – guitars
Eddie Vedder – vocals, guitars, ukulele
Additional musicians and production
John Burton – engineering
April Cameron – viola
Brett Eliason – mixing
Justine Foy – cello
Brad Klausen – design and layout
Chart positions
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11/6/00 – Seattle, Washington
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Chosha Bay (Choshskaya Guba, ) is an inlet of the Barents Sea, 84 miles (135 km) wide and 62 miles (100 km) long, lies between the East shore of Kanin peninsula and the mainland of northern European Russia.
Bays of the Barents Sea
Bays of Russia
Bodies of water of Nenets Autonomous Okrug
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Chosha Bay
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Ménétrier disease is a rare, acquired, premalignant disease of the stomach characterized by massive gastric folds, excessive mucous production with resultant protein loss, and little or no acid production. The disorder is associated with excessive secretion of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α). It is named after a French physician Pierre Eugène Ménétrier, 1859–1935.
Signs and symptoms
Individuals with the disease present with upper abdominal pain (epigastric), at times accompanied by nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, edema, weakness, and weight loss. A small amount of gastrointestinal bleeding may occur, which is typically due to superficial mucosal erosions; large volume bleeding is rare. 20% to 100% of patients, depending on time of presentation, develop a protein-losing gastropathy accompanied by low blood albumin and edema.
Symptoms and pathological features of Ménétrier disease in children are similar to those in adults, but disease in children is usually self-limited and often follows respiratory infection.
Cause
The cause of Ménétrier disease is unknown, but it has been associated with HCMV infection in children and H. pylori infections in adults. Additionally, increased TGF-α has been noted in the gastric mucosa of patients with the disease.
Pathology
With Ménétrier disease, the stomach is characterized by large, tortuous gastric folds in the fundus and body, with the antrum generally spared, giving the mucosa a cobblestone or cerebriform (brain-like) appearance. Histologically, the most characteristic feature is massive foveolar hyperplasia (hyperplasia of surface and glandular mucous cells). The glands are elongated with a corkscrew-like appearance and cystic dilation is common. Inflammation is usually only modest, although some cases show marked intraepithelial lymphocytosis. Diffuse or patchy glandular atrophy, evident as hypoplasia of parietal and chief cells, is typical.
Although ICD-10 classifies it under "Other gastritis" (K29.6), and the lamina propria may contain mild chronic inflammatory infiltrate, Ménétrier disease is not considered a form of gastritis. It is rather considered one of the two most well understood hypertrophic gastropathies; the other being Zollinger–Ellison syndrome.
Diagnosis
The large folds of the stomach, as seen in Ménétrier disease, are easily detected by x-ray imaging following a barium meal or by endoscopic methods. Endoscopy with deep mucosal biopsy (and cytology) is required to establish the diagnosis and exclude other entities that may present similarly. A non-diagnostic biopsy may lead to a surgically obtained full-thickness biopsy to exclude malignancy. CMV and helicobacter pylori serology should be a part of the evaluation.
Twenty-four-hour pH monitoring reveals hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria, and a chromium-labelled albumin test reveals increased GI protein loss. Serum gastrin levels will be within normal limits.
Other possible causes (eg differential diagnosis) of large folds within the stomach include: Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, cancer, infection (cytomegalovirus/CMV, histoplasmosis, syphilis), and infiltrative disorders such as sarcoidosis.
Treatment
Cetuximab is the first-line therapy for Ménétrier disease. Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and has been shown to be effective in treating Ménétrier disease.
Several medications have been used in the treatment of the condition, with variable efficacy. Such medications include: anticholinergic agents, prostaglandins, proton pump inhibitors, prednisone, and H2 receptor antagonists. Anticholinergics decrease protein loss. A high-protein diet should be recommended to replace protein loss in patients with low levels of albumin in the blood (hypoalbuminemia). Any ulcers discovered during the evaluation should be treated in standard fashion.
Severe disease with persistent and substantial protein loss despite cetuximab may require total removal of the stomach, especially when the disease is debilitating or irretractable or when there is a high risk for developing gastric cancer. Subtotal gastrectomy is performed by some; it may be associated with higher morbidity and mortality secondary to the difficulty in obtaining a patent and long-lasting anastomosis between normal and hyperplastic tissue. In adults, there is no FDA approved treatment other than gastrectomy and a high-protein diet. Cetuximab is approved for compassionate use in the treatment of the disease.
Pediatric cases are normally treated for symptoms with the disease clearing up in weeks to months.
Epidemiology
The average age of onset is 40 to 60 years, and men are affected more often than women. Risk of gastric adenocarcinoma is increased in adults with Ménétrier disease.
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Ménétrier's disease
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Joe Pisapia (born July 25, 1968) is an American record producer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist, who was formerly a part of the band Guster and k.d. lang and the Siss Boom Bang. In the past he has also released albums with his band Joe, Marc's Brother, his side project Watercolor, and the solo albums Daydreams (2002) and Nightvision (2015).
Albums
Pisapia released his first solo album Daydreams in 2002. He and Liz Hodder collaborated to produce Beautiful Mistakes under the band name Watercolor. With his band Joe, Marc's Brother, he has released Around The Year With Joe, Marc's Brother, The Pennsylvania Sessions, Autumnninetyeight EP, and 'The Debut Of Joe, Marc's Brother. In 2000, he worked with Anthony Rapp to release the album Look Around. He was involved with Guster for the production of Keep It Together and was pronounced an official member shortly thereafter at a show in Portland, Maine, as is documented on the DVD Guster on Ice. The band released their album, Ganging Up on the Sun, June 20, 2006. He later teamed up with k.d. lang and the Siss Boom Bang, co-producing and co-writing much of Sing It Loud. Guster announced, in a letter to their fans, that Pisapia would be amicably leaving their band to join k.d. lang on the road for her upcoming tour. He produced the Ben Folds Five album The Sound of the Life of the Mind, released in 2012. He performs pedal steel guitar on Jennifer Knapp's 2014 album Set Me Free.
On March 19, 2015, he released his second solo album, Nightvision, along with three singles: "Burned Out," "Suitcase and Guitar," and "Wake My Heart." The release of Nightvision coincided with an installment of an ongoing live performance series 'The Pisapia Love-In' in Nashville, Tennessee.
Discography
Solo works
Daydreams (2002)
Nightvision (2015)
Cosmic Christmas (2018)
Connection (2018)
Producer
The Pierces - s/t (2000)
Anthony Rapp - Look Around (2000)
Watercolor - Beautiful Mistakes (2002)
Joe Pisapia - Daydreams (2002)
Dan Haas - Goodbye Moon (2003)
Guster - Ganging Up on the Sun (2006)
Josh Rouse - Country House City Mouse (2007)
Guster - Easy Wonderful (2010)
Matt Wertz - While We're Becoming (2010))
k.d. lang and the Siss Boom Bang - Sing It Loud (2011)
Ben Folds Five - The Sound of the Life of the Mind (2012)
Oakhurst - Barrel (2012)
The Silver Seas - Alaska (2014)
Chuck Mead - Free State Serenade (2014)
William Tyler - Lost Colony (2014)
Andie Lou - Sunset Deer (2015)
Drew Holcomb and the Neighbors - Medicine (2015)
Joe Pisapia - Nightvision (2015)
Jason Scavone - Find Today (2016)
Dan Haas - Polishing Stones (2016)
Tara Vaughan - Dandelion Wine (2016)
Drew Holcomb and the Neighbors - Souvenir (2017)
Podcast
There is a podcast available chronicling the making of Ganging Up on the Sun available through iTunes or Guster's website titled "Joe's Place", as they produced the album in Pisapia's attic. Dave Yonkman shot this footage.
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Joe Pisapia
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Finnvollvatnet is a lake in the municipality of Namsos in Trøndelag county, Norway. The lake lies in the western part of the municipality, southwest of the village of Sverkmoen, and only about from the border with the neighboring municipality of Osen. The lake flows out into the Sverka river which eventually ends up in the Namsenfjorden.
See also
List of lakes in Norway
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Finnvollvatnet
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Ultra Density Optical (UDO) is an optical disc format designed for high-density storage of high-definition video and data. The format was introduced by Sony to replace the Magneto-optical disc format.
Overview
An Ultra Density Optical disc, or UDO, is a 133.35 mm (5.25") ISO cartridge optical disc which can store up to 30 GB of data. The second generation UDO2 media format was introduced in April 2007 and has a capacity of up to 80 GB. It utilises a design based on the Magneto-optical disc, but uses Phase Change technology combined with a blue violet laser, a UDO/UDO2 disc that can store substantially more data than a magneto-optical (MO) disc. This is due to the shorter wavelength (405 nm) of the blue-violet laser employed. MOs use a 650 nm-wavelength red laser. Because its beam width is shorter when burning to a disc than a red-laser for MO, a blue-violet laser allows more information to be stored digitally in the same amount of space.
Current generations of UDO2 media store up to 60 GB. According to Plasmon, desktop UDO2 drives are priced at around US $5400.
A 30 GB UDO2 Write Once is US $75.
History
UDO optical disc storage media was developed as a replacement for the 9.1 GB Magneto-optical digital storage medium. The Ultra Density Optical was first announced by Sony on November 1, 2000. It was later adopted with heavy investment by Plasmon, a UK technology company with extensive experience with computer archival backup systems and solutions.
Currently, UDO/UDO2 is being championed by its development partners Plasmon, Asahi Pentax (responsible for the opto-mechanical assembly design), Mitsubishi Chemical, parent company of the Verbatim media storage brand, and various computer and IT solutions companies. Mitsubishi Chemical is the second major development partner of UDO media and the sole manufacturer of UDO media as of the 4th quarter of 2008.
On November 10, 2008, Plasmon creditors (led by Silicon Valley Bank) closed down Plasmon LMS (company) as CEO Stephen "FX" Murphy was not able to secure funding to keep the money-losing company afloat. The UDO media factory in the UK was shut down and dismantled.
On January 13, 2009, Alliance Storage Technologies, a Colorado Springs Manufacturer of optical technology and Service Provider, acquired the assets of Plasmon (including UDO and UDO2 technology) in a liquidation sale. ASTI currently sells and supports UDO technologies sold under the Plasmon brand.
Specifications
ECMA-380: Data Interchange on 130 mm Rewritable and Write Once Read Many Ultra Density Optical (UDO) Disk Cartridges –Capacity: 60 Gigabytes per Cartridge – Second Generation
Writing technology
UDO uses a Phase Change recording process that permanently alters the molecular structure of the disc surface.
Disc format
There are three versions of UDO/UDO media: a True WORM (Write Once Read Many), an R/W (Rewritable), and Compliant WORM (shreddable WORM).
Rewritable
The UDO Rewritable format uses a specially formulated Phase Change recording surface that allows recorded data to be deleted and modified. In practice, UDO rewritable media operates like a standard magnetic disc. Files can be written, erased and rewritten, dynamically reallocating disc capacity. Rewritable media is typically used in archive applications where the stability and longevity of optical media are important, but archive records change on a relatively frequent or discretionary basis. Rewritable media is typically used in archive environments where data needs to be deleted or media capacity re-used.
True write once
The UDO True Write Once format uses a different phase change recording surface than the rewritable media. Unlike rewritable media, the write once recording surface cannot be erased or altered, making Write Once the most stable in terms of data integrity, because the physical record is kept authentic. This level of data integrity is not usually matched by other magnetic disc or tape technologies using normal write once emulation.
Compliant write once media
UDO Compliant Write Once media has the same operational properties as UDO True Write Once media but with one clear and important difference. Through the use of a specially designed “shred” operation, individual records written to Compliant Write Once media can be destroyed once their retention period expires. The shred function is controlled at an application level and operates only on Compliant Write Once media.
Magneto-optical comparison
The table below summarizes the differences between conventional Magneto-Optical specifications and those of the enhanced Ultra Density Optical disc.
Note
Drive mechanism
UDO Drives Specifications Summary
Media Load Time 5 s
Media Unload Time 3 s
Average Seek Time 35 ms
Buffer Memory 32 MB
Max Sustained Transfer Rate – Read 8 MB/s (this is on the outer diameter of the media only the inner diameter is a max of 4 MB/sec)
Max Sustained Transfer Rate – Write 4 MB/s (with verification on outer diameter of media only)
MSBF – Mean Swap Between Failure 750,000 load/unload cycles
MTBF – Mean Time Between Failure 100,000 hours
Interface Wide Ultra 2 LVD SCSI
UDO comes in both internal and external drive guises. External drives are also available as part a robotic autoloader. All current drives are designed for heavy duty use.
Laser and optics
UDO systems use a blue-violet laser operating at a wavelength of 405 nm, similar to the one used in Blu-ray Disc, to read and write data. Conventional MOs use red lasers at 660 nm.
The blue-violet laser's shorter wavelength makes it possible to store more information on a 13 cm sized UDO disc. The minimum "spot size" on which a laser can be focused is limited by diffraction, and depends on the wavelength of the light and the numerical aperture of the lens used to focus it. By decreasing the wavelength, using a higher numerical aperture (0.85, compared with 0.575 for MO), the laser beam can be focused much more tightly. This produces a smaller spot on the disc than in existing MOs, and allows more information to be physically stored in the same area.
The opto-mechanism design of current Plasmon UDO drives was jointly developed with Asahi Pentax.
Applications
Archival storage
Currently UDO has an expected data archival life of around 50 years. Apart from the storage size, the discs (like Magneto Optical discs) are designed for durability and long term reliability.
Secure video
A company called Blu-Laser Cinema announced in June 2005 that it was launching a new player using the UDO format to provide a secure viewing and editing platform for film production houses. Targeted towards the high-end video editing and production community, the unit featured a smart card reader and a USB dongle with an embedded biometric fingerprint reader to allow access only to authorized users.
Features
The core technology for UDO is essentially similar to Blu-ray Discs, as well as PDD (all were developed by Sony), although there are a number of key differences; the primary ones being:
Data authenticity and integrity
UDO provides absolute data authenticity for applications where archived information must remain 100% unchanged – banks and legal institutions, for example. UDO uses a phase change recording process that permanently alters the molecular structure of true write once media, ensuring data is integral at the most fundamental level.
Long-term data retention
Long term archival storage. The design of the UDO, with a tested, stable recording surface, protective coating, and encasement in a cartridge, is expected to give it at least 50 years storage life, minimizing the frequency of data migration and management for firms requiring storage for large amounts of important data. The UDO disc design is a robust design and reduces the potential for contamination of media.
High capacity and scalability
Blue laser technology gives the 30 GB UDO more than three times the capacity of previous generation MO (Magneto Optical) and DVD technologies. Being removable, UDO cartridges, combined with off-line media management capabilities typical of optical storage libraries, makes UDO a much more scalable format. Rarely used data can be removed from a library, freeing up capacity yet remaining managed and accessible.
Rapid information access
UDO has a fast 35-millisecond random access capability. An 8 KB sector size helps read/write performance across a wide range of file sizes. UDO is slightly faster as it operates at Constant Angular Velocity (CAV); during reads and writes, the disc spins continuously at a very high speed. In rewritable applications, UDO has a unique, direct over-write capability, doubling rewrite speeds by eliminating the need for a dedicated erase pass.
Low total cost of ownership
The cost of a UDO media compares favorably with MO or DVD solutions and has a higher capacity. UDO's ISO standard media cartridge allows the use of MO and UDO media in the same library, if supported by the connectivity software and the controlling application. EMC Legato DiskXtender, one of the most popular Library management and connectivity software does not support this mode of operation.
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Ultra Density Optical
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George Michael Wickens (August 7, 1918 – January 26, 2006) was a distinguished Canadian-British Persianist as well as Arabist, translator and a University lecturer.
Wickens was born in London, England and attended Trinity College, Cambridge, where he received his BA in 1939 and MA in 1946, respectively. During the Second World War, he served with the Royal Army Pay Corp from 1939 to 1941 and the Intelligence Corps from 1941 to 1946, rising to the rank of captain. Following his wartime service — most of which was spent in Iran — Wickens resumed academic life, teaching at the University of London for three years before accepting an invitation to return to Cambridge. He taught there until 1957 when he was offered an associate professorship at University of Toronto. He became a full professor in 1960 and founding chair of the Department of Islamic Studies (predecessor to today’s Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations) in 1961.
He was instrumental not only in the founding of an Iranian Studies and Islamic studies department in University of Toronto, but in establishing it within a decade as a major centre in North America.
A prolific and distinguished humanities scholar, Wickens was the author of Avicenna: Scientist and Philosopher (1952). Wickens was fluent in Persian and Arabic and was one of the pioneering figures of Persian literature in Canada. He translated several masterpieces of Persian literature as Boostan of Sa'di into English.
Wickens died in Toronto, Ontario in 2006 from a stroke.
See also
Persian culture
Iranian Studies
Notes and references
1918 births
2006 deaths
Academic staff of the University of Toronto
Academics of the University of Cambridge
Iranologists
British emigrants to Canada
Alumni of the University of London
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George Michael Wickens
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Girls & Sports was an American comic strip written and illustrated by Justin Borus and Andrew Feinstein. It was created in 1997 and published in various college newspapers until 2004 when Borus and Feinstein began self-syndicating the strip. It was picked up for distributed by Creators Syndicate at the beginning of 2006, and was discontinued in 2011.
History
Borus and Feinstein created Girls & Sports in 1997 while studying abroad in Denmark. The strips were based on their own dating experiences. When they returned to the United States, they began publishing their comic in their college newspapers. After college, Borus and Feinstein began marketing the comic to mainstream newspapers, which became the most widely syndicated independent comic strip in the country. From January 2010 to March 2011 the strip appeared on ESPN's Page 2. In May 2011, the strip was discontinued with brief mention by one of websites that featured the comic. The last daily strip appeared April 30, 2011 and the last Sunday strip appeared May 8.
In the summer of 2008, Girls & Sports appeared as a series of animated short cartoons on Fox Sports Net's late night talk show The Best Damn Sports Show Period.
Characters
Girls & Sports deals with the dating lives of two men, Bradley and Marshall. Bradley is dating Joann but is not against going to the bar and hitting on other women, though he remains loyal to Joann (as far as she knows). Marshall is the perpetual single guy who listens to Bradley's advice even when it's against his better judgment. Joann thinks Marshall is a bad influence on Bradley.
Book
Opening Lines, Pinky Probes and L-Bombs: The Girls & Sports Dating and Relationship Playbook, , published October 28, 2006, is a comic anthology on the events and circumstances that confront singles in their everyday lives, including dating, the bar scene, sports, working out, parties, and vacations in the style of the Girls & Sports strips. It offers advice via charts, graphs, and text boxes.
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Girls & Sports
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Gigi in Paradisco is a bilingual French and English-language album released in 1980 by Italian and French singer Dalida. Two singles were released, both of which received gold certifications.
Background
This album was launched after a highly successful American-style series of shows that Dalida performed at the Palais des Sports theatre in France. She was the first female singer to perform this kind of show at the venue with twelve costume changes and eleven dancers. All the show's 18 nights were sell-outs.
The album, like the show, was highly successful and it was a critical and commercial success. It also helped Dalida to create more of a sexy and Diva like image. Learning dance routines for over three months with John Travolta's Saturday Night Fever choreographer Lester Wilson, Dalida (aged 47 at the time) reinvented herself through this show and once more attracted a new generation of fans.
Track listing
"Gigi in Paradisco"
"Comme disait Mistinguett"
"Alabama Song" (English)
"ll faut danser reggae"
"Money, money" (English)
"Je suis toutes les femmes"
Singles
"Il faut danser reggae" / "Comme disait Mistinguett"
This single was released in 1979, before the album was out. "Il faut danser Reggae" was a reggae song which broke out of the disco trend of the time. TV performances of this track saw Dalida dancing in leopard-print dresses in tropical style while surrounded by topless male dancers. "Comme disait Mistinguett" talks about Dalida's music career with a bit of humour. For TV promotion of the song, Dalida wore a long pink cape with a sexy outfit underneath. It won her a gold disc.
It was during this disco period that Dalida started to gain following in the gay community, which is still maintained today.
"Gigi in Paradisco" / "Je suis toutes les femmes"
"Gigi in Paradisco", the title track of the album, was released as a single in 1980. The song is the continuation of Dalida's biggest worldwide hit "Gigi l'amoroso". The 13-minute song follows the tragic events of Gigi that dies and goes up to disco heaven. Dalida created this song essentially to use during her shows but eventually it was released as a single, with the track being edited to four minutes. It was Dalida's last disco hit, and it also earned gold certification.
Notes
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Gigi in Paradisco
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Julie Ege (; 12 November 1943 – 29 April 2008) was a Norwegian actress and model, who appeared in many British films of the 1960s and 1970s.
Early life
Ege was born in Sandnes, the daughter of brickyard worker Marton Ege and Hjørdis Halvorsen. At the age of 15, she began to work as a model. In 1962, she came second in Miss Norway at the age of 18, and subsequently participated in Miss Universe. In 1967, she moved to England to work as an au pair to improve her English, and there also studied at a language school.
Career
She made her film debut in a low-budget Norwegian film Stompa til sjøs (Stompa at Sea). She was a Penthouse Pet of May which landed her a role in 1969's On Her Majesty's Secret Service as Helen, the "Scandinavian girl". She later starred in Hammer Film Productions' Creatures the World Forgot and The Legend of the 7 Golden Vampires. Her other appearances include Every Home Should Have One with Marty Feldman, Not Now, Darling with Leslie Phillips and the Gluttony segment of The Magnificent Seven Deadly Sins.
Ege is probably best remembered for her role in the 1971 comedy hit film Up Pompeii alongside Frankie Howerd. She played Voluptua, a Roman ruler. Her voice, however, was overdubbed by Sheila Steafel (uncredited) for the film. On being introduced to Lance Percival's character, who says "Madame, it's a pleasure", her famous response is "Yes, I know. I've tried it". On 22 August 1971, she presented Ivan Mauger with the European Speedway title trophy at Wembley before a crowd of around 75,000. In a UK TV documentary a few years before her death, she stated that she never minded being labelled a glamour actress and that it had been a good life that basically helped pay the bills. She returned to Norway and did a few films before qualifying as a registered nurse in 1998. She lived in Oslo, where she worked as a nurse.
Personal life
Ege was twice married and divorced in the 1960s and had two daughters. In the '70s she lived with The Beatles' tour roadie Tony Bramwell, and later with the Norwegian author Anders Bye. After her movie and modelling career she finished her secondary education and studied nursing. She later graduated from the University of Oslo where she studied History and English, after which she finished her nursing exams and continued working in the public health sector in Oslo. Her career, as well as her illness is described in detail in her autobiography, Naken (Naked), published in 2002.
Death
She died from breast cancer at the age of 64 on 29 April 2008. She had previously been treated for breast cancer and lung cancer.
Filmography
Robbery (1967) – Hostess (uncredited)
Stompa til Sjøs! (1967)
On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969) – The Scandinavian girl
Every Home Should Have One (1970) – Inga Giltenburg
Up Pompeii (1971) – Voluptua
Creatures the World Forgot (1971) – Nala – The Girl
The Magnificent Seven Deadly Sins (1971) – Ingrid (segment "Gluttony")
Go for a Take (1972) – April
Rentadick (1972) – Utta Armitage
The Alf Garnett Saga (1972) – Herself
Not Now, Darling (1973) – Janie McMichael
Kanarifuglen (1973) – Kari, flyvertinne
The Final Programme (1973) – Miss Dazzle
Craze (1974) – Helena
The Legend of the 7 Golden Vampires (1974) – Vanessa Buren
Percy's Progress (1974) – Miss Hanson
Den siste Fleksnes (1974) – Herself
The Mutations (1974) – Hedi
Bortreist på ubestemt tid (1974) – Christina
The Amorous Milkman (1975) – Diana
De Dwaze Lotgevallen von Sherlock Jones (1975) – Sondag's secretaresse
Fengslende dager for Christina Berg (1988) – Krags hustru
Autobiography
Naken (Naked) H. Aschehoug & Co (W. Nygaard). Oslo 2002.
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Julie Ege
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Iranian Sign Language (ISL) is the sign language used by Deaf and hard-of-hearing people in Iran. It is a true sign language, unlike the Baghcheban phonetic hand alphabet, which is a form of cued speech.
Deaf community in Iran
The estimate of the population of the deaf community in Iran varies between 1.5 and 3 million; Siyavoshi (2017) published that the Iranian Department of Health and Welfare reported 200,000 people self-identifying as deaf when registering for social and medical services. However, no estimate is available for the number of ISL users in the country.
Names
In 2021, the deaf linguist Dr. Ardavan Guity proposed the term Esharani as a new name for the sign language used in Iran, also referred to as Farsi Sign Language, Persian Sign Language, and Zaban Eshareh Irani (ZEI, ).
In 1980, the dictionary "Culture: Farsi Sign Language For Deaf, 1st Volume" was published by the Iranian National Organization for the Welfare of the Deaf, referring to the sign language used by deaf and hard-of-hearing communities in Iran. However Farsi (Persian) is not exclusive to Iran, whereas Iranian Signed Language, based on Guity's work, is exclusive to Iran. Additionally, Persian is not the only language spoken in Iran. In 1984, a university group based in Tehran published the first of four editions of "Dictionary of Farsi Sign Language: Standardized Signs", although the English cover used the title "Persian Sign Language Collection for the Deaf", and used the terms Farsi Language and Persian Sign Language interchangeably. It was not until 1999 that the phrase Iranian Sign Language was used in a Master's thesis. However, the thesis was written by a hearing author without involvement from the deaf community in Iran.
In 2014, Guity, Abbas Behmanesh, and Jodie Novak created a video describing the linguistic properties of Zaban Eshareh Irani, the transliteration of the Persian phrase meaning Iranian Sign Language. Following the video's release, the term Zaban Eshareh Irani gained traction in social media use, particularly among deaf communities in ethnic groups, such as Gilaks, Kurds, and Baloch people whose primary language is not Farsi and felt alienated from terms such as Farsi Sign Language. However ZEI was also problematic, as Persian does not have capitalization or acronyms. Consequently, Guity and Dr. Sara Siyavoshi, a hearing linguist from Iran, proposed the name Esharani, derived from the Persian morpheme eshar (sign), ran (Iran), and the suffix -i, commonly used for language names in Persian. The sign for Esharani itself is derived from the combination of the signs for "Iran" and "sign", where the non-dominant hand is in the five handshape and the dominant hand moves in a spiral motion with the thumb out over the palm of the non-dominant hand. However the acceptability of the name is still under discussion among the deaf communities in Iran.
See also
Qahveh Khaneh Sign Language
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Iranian Sign Language
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The Catholic Authors Awards are given annually by the Asian Catholic Publishers in Manila, Philippines, in coordination with the Archdiocese of Manila. Catholic authors who have a track record of excellence in their craft have to be nominated by previous winners to be considered for the award by the Asian Catholic Publishers. A screening committee is tasked to pick the winners.
The Catholic Authors Awards were established in 1989 by the Asian Catholic Publishers, Inc., upon the initiative of Cardinal Jaime Sin, to honor men and women who promote the values of the Gospel in their writings, compositions, and their work in the communications field. Since its inception, the awards have encouraged more priests, religious men and women and laypeople to venture into more active participation in communications through the publication of books and other materials.
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Catholic Authors Award
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Padosan (, ) is a 1968 Indian Hindi-language musical comedy film directed by Jyoti Swaroop and produced by Mehmood, N. C. Sippy and written by Rajendra Krishan. It is a remake of the Bengali-language film Pasher Bari (1952) based on a short story of the same name by Arun Chowdhury starring Bhanu Bandyopadhyay and Sabitri Chatterjee. The film stars Sunil Dutt and Saira Banu. Kishore Kumar, Mukri, Raj Kishore and Keshto Mukherjee played the supporting roles. Mehmood as the South Indian musician and rival to Sunil Dutt is among the highlights of the film. Indiatimes Movies ranked the film amongst the "Top 25 Must See Bollywood Films". Music was composed by R. D. Burman. Kumar sang for himself while Manna Dey sang for Mehmood. Many of the scenes were shot in Brindavan Gardens located near the city of Mysore.
Plot
Bhola, an innocent young man lives with his maternal uncle (Mama) Kunwar Pratap Singh. Bhola is enraged at Pratap Singh who has been searching for a girl to marry despite his wife being alive. Angry, he leaves his uncle's house and moves in to live with his Aunt (Pratap's wife). There, he finds a beautiful neighbour Bindu and falls in love with her. Bindu however, gets annoyed by Bhola and refutes his advances. Vidyapati aka Guru, who is a singer and theater actor and Bhola's friend and mentor comes to his rescue and spies on Bindu.
Bindu tolerates advances of her South Indian music teacher Master Pillai aka Masterji. Guru realizes that Bindu loves music and that is the reason for her closeness with Masterji. He tries to teach Bhola to sing but fails miserably. Inspired by dubbed songs, he devises an idea and asks Bhola to mimic the lyrics to songs while he does the real singing in the background himself. Their plan to impress Bindu succeeds and Bindu slowly starts falling in love with Bhola, much to the chagrin of Masterji.
When singing at Bindu's birthday party, one of her friends becomes suspicious at Bhola's voice. She leads Bindu to discover Bhola's fake act. It makes Bindu angry and in a fit of rage, she agrees to the marriage proposal of Kunwar Pratap Singh, which she had earlier rejected upon knowing that he is Bhola's Maternal Uncle. Guru and his gang visit Pratap Singh and plead him to reject the proposal for his nephew's love, to which Pratap Singh agrees. This further enrages Bindu who decides to marry Masterji, just to get even with Bhola.
Helpless to stop the wedding, Guru comes up a last-ditch plan to fake Bhola's suicide. They arrange a suicide scene and start shouting and mourning Bhola's "death". Everyone arrives at the scene including Bindu who is deeply shocked and tries to wake him up. Guru tells her that only her unrequited love could have a chance of bringing the dead back and encourages her to try harder. After some more pretending, Bhola finally cries and wakes up, embracing Bindu. Everyone including Masterji is happy and shocked to see the power of true love. In the end, Bhola's Maternal Uncle and Aunt also reconcile and bless the newlywed couple. In the last scene of movie, Masterji is shown playing 'Shehnai' with tears in his eyes.
Cast
Music
The music was composed by R. D. Burman. The lyrics were written by Rajendra Krishan.
Kishore Kumar's character in the film was inspired by the personality of his uncle, Dhananjay Banerjee (a classical singer), and music director Khemchand Prakash. The song Ek Chatur Naar was originally sung in the 1941 movie Jhoola by Ashok Kumar.
Legacy
Indiatimes Movies ranked the film amongst the "Top 25 Must See Bollywood Films" Amit Upadhaya of ThePrint in a retrospective article on film's 50th anniversary wrote ″As cult comedy films go, Jyoti Swaroop’s Padosan is one of the few in Hindi film history to never run out of laughs. This is an even more remarkable trophy because such a movie cannot be made again in today’s Republic of the Easily Offended, i.e., India. The trademark innocent lunacy of the lovable film turned 50 this year″ In a similar 50th anniversary article, Devansh Sharma of Firstpost gave credit to RD Burman's music for changing the state of comedy genre in Hindi films as he felt that ″Burman's music gave wings to the camera that was otherwise doomed to sit still. Krishan's poetry also allowed the editor and director a lot of freedom as they could choose the appropriate shot for every emotion expressed in the songs.″
Character ″Muranchand Swami″ played by Satish Kaushik in 1996 film Saajan Chale Sasural was inspired from character Master Pillai from this film. In an interview Kaushik stated that Mehmood in Padosan inspired him to become an actor, he further said ″ I was lucky enough to recreate that kind of role in Sajan Chale Sasural and I got the Filmfare Award also. That was a vital inspiration for me.″
Characters of animated series Guru Aur Bhole which aired on Sony Yay, were inspired by Kishore Kumar's and Sunil Dutt's characters from the film. The voice artist for the character Guru is Amit Kumar, son of Kishore Kumar.
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Padosan
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