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Isaac Brown (April 13, 1942 – May 17, 2001) was an infielder/outfielder in the Negro leagues and a utilityman in Major League Baseball for the Detroit Tigers from 1969 through 1974. He batted and threw right-handed. Brown was the last former Negro league player to make it to the Major Leagues. In a six-season major league career, Brown posted a .256 batting average with 20 home runs and 65 runs batted in in 280 games played. A native of Memphis, Tennessee, Brown was obtained by Detroit from the Negro league Kansas City Monarchs in 1961. He had originally signed with the St. Louis Cardinals for $800. Brown spent eight years in the minor leagues, making it to the majors in 1969 after hitting .356 of that season for the Triple-A Toledo Mud Hens and hitting two home runs against the Tigers during an exhibition game. His first major league hit was a home run at Yankee Stadium. In the minors, Brown once played all nine positions in a single game. Brown was often called on to pinch-hit, batting .320 in that role between 1970 and 1971. He also contributed to the Tigers American League East title in 1972, collecting a hit and two RBIs in two at-bats against the Oakland Athletics. Although mostly a part-time player with Detroit, Brown became a popular and recognizable figure in Detroit because of his trademark glasses and unusually burly build. He was often mistakenly identified as the brother of roommate Gates Brown, to whom he bore no relation. According to Gates, Ike would wake up every morning saying, "It's a beautiful day" whether it was or not. At the time of his retirement from the Tigers in 1974, Brown was one of the last alumni of the Negro leagues (along with Hank Aaron) still active in Major League Baseball. Brown died from cancer in Memphis, Tennessee, at the age of 59.	Ike Brown
James Simeon McCuaig (September 29, 1819 – August 4, 1888) was a businessman and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Prince Edward in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1872, and in the House of Commons of Canada as a Conservative member from 1879 to 1882. He was born in Picton in Upper Canada in 1819, the son of John McCuaig, was educated there and established himself in business in Picton. He owned steamships that operated on Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. McCuaig served two years as Inspector of Provincial Canals. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the assembly for the Province of Canada in 1854. McCuaig was elected to the provincial assembly in a by-election in 1872 but resigned his seat to run unsuccessfully for the federal parliament later that year. He was elected to the House of Commons in 1878 supporting temperance in Prince Edward County. McCuaig was married twice: first to Julia Isabella Glass and then to Maria Augusta Pope. He died near Picton at the age of 68.	James Simeon McCuaig
Timmendorfer Strand (Timmendorf Beach) is a municipality in the district of Ostholstein, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated on the Bay of Lübeck (Baltic Sea), approximately northwest of Lübeck, and southeast of Eutin. Notable People Lilo Peters (1913-2001), German painter and sculptor, lived in Timmendorfer Strand.	Timmendorfer Strand
Moses Mendes da Costa (died 1747), also called Anthony da Costa, was an English banker. In 1727, Costa brought an action against the Russia Company, which refused to admit him to membership on the ground of his being a Jew. The attorney-general decided that he must be admitted, whereupon the company petitioned Parliament to modify the former's charter so as to give it the right of refusal. Background and family He was the son of Jacob (Alvarez or Álvaro) da Costa, who is probably the da Costa referred to in the Thurlow Papers. Jacob da Costa arrived in England with his family in 1655 and in 1675 a member of the family bought Cromwell House in Highgate. He married Leonora (Rachel) Mendes, sister of Fernandez (Fernando) Mendes, the Marrano physician of King John IV of Portugal. Moses married his cousin Catherine Mendes in 1698. Catherine had been baptized in Somerset House and was named after Catherine of Braganza, wife of King Charles II. Catherine da Costa made the water-colour portrait of her father which now hangs in the vestry of the Bevis Marks Synagogue. Their children included Sarah (Simha) Mendes da Costa who married Ephraim Lópes Pereira d'Aguilar, 2nd Baron d'Aguilar. See also Sampson Gideon Antonio Fernandez Carvajal Samuel Nunez	Moses da Costa
Bunmahon (), also called Bonmahon, is a coastal village in County Waterford, Ireland, at the mouth of the River Mahon. During the 19th century, when copper mines operated in the area, Bonmahon was a mining village. As of the 21st century, the village and its beach lie on a tourist route. History Evidence of ancient settlement in the area includes a number of Ogham stone and ringfort sites in the surrounding townlands of Ballynagigla and Knockmahon. Bonmahon was a mining village for much of the 19th century, and copper and lead was mined here between 1827 and 1877. Much of the village was laid-out in this period, and the local Church of Ireland church was built in the 1820s. A temperance hall was built in the village in 1842, and this was converted during the 1850s to become St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church. The population of the village swelled to over 2,000 at that time. The village was home to a pawn shop, a creamery and a bacon factory, as well as 21 public houses. The history and mining activity of this period is covered in The Making and Breaking of a Mining Community, published in 2006. One of the mine workers was Thomas Wheatley, whose son John Wheatley later went on to be Minister for Health for the first Labour Party government in the United Kingdom in 1924. Places of interest Bunmahon lies within a UNESCO Global Geopark. The Copper Coast Geopark operates a visitor centre in the village's former Church of Ireland church. The Copper Coast is home to several beaches and wildlife, including foxes, rabbits, and diverse bird species. The local beach is used by surfers use all year round, and a surfing school runs in the summer months. The village's Tidy Towns committee has created a boardwalk along the sand dunes, as well as working to improve access to the neighbouring cove of Tra na mBó. The beach and surrounding coast is covered by the Bonmahon Unit of the Irish Coast Guard. See also List of towns and villages in Ireland	Bunmahon
Wesoła () is one of the districts of Warsaw, and has been as such since October 27, 2002. Wesoła is located in the south-eastern part of city. Wesoła received town privileges on December 17, 1968. Then, the town included Wola Grzybowska, Wesoła, Groszówka, Grzybowa, Zielona and Stara Miłosna estates. The development of the area was determined by its locality to 3 important routes. The first route, called Stary Trakt (), comes from Grochów, then travels through Okuniew, Stanisławów, and finally through South Podlasie towards Russia. Established near this route was Grzybowa village with Zielona (English: Green) inn and Wola Grzybowa, which now is called Wola Grzybowska. Near the second route, which comes from Prague, through Kamion, Grochowo, to Mińsk Mazowiecki, then through Terespol and Brest, the Miłosna village developed. In 1823 on the Stanisław Staszic's initiative a road was built, called Trakt Brzeski. The third route was the Warsaw–Terespol Railway, started on September 18, 1867. It comes from Warsaw to Terespol, through Siedlce and Łuków. Despite Warsaw growing and annexing new areas, there was no case where two streets shared the same name. The only exception is Wesoła, where a lot of streets have the same name, for example with streets in Warsaw. It presents many difficulties, so addresses in Wesoła are given with a 'Wesoła' annotation. Wesoła's estates Wola Grzybowska In the beginning, Wola Grzybowska was a folwark and belonged to the Okuniew municipality. Legend about the name's origin says that the owner of the Wola Grzybowska was a Warsawian starost called Grzybowski. At least from the beginning of the 20th century it belonged to Duke Emanuel Bułhak. According to the 1931 census, there were 52 houses in Wola Grzybowska. During World War II Wola Grzybowska was seriously destroyed and later rebuilt. In 1968 it was annexed by Wesoła town. It is host to Warszawa Wola Grzybowska railway station. Wesoła-Centrum The territory Wesoła-Centrum, which now belongs to Wesoła estate, belonged to the Długa village land properties 500 years ago. In the 17th century it belonged to the Okuniew municipality. Colonization of these areas was related to the building of Kolej Terespolska. Then Wesoła was established as a loading platform for Russian army. After time, it has changed to a rail station (now Warszawa Wesoła railway station). Around the area a lot of houses were built. In 1918 the estate adopted the Wesoła name. Later, the development was closely related to Warsaw. According to the 1937 census, there were 70 habitable buildings. At the end of the 1930s there was a stormy development of villas, due to the climate and virtue of the landscape. Groszówka The name derives from the low price of the land - 20 kopecks (popularly 1 grosz) for 1 ell. Sandy, thickly wooded hills weren't the best conditions to colonize these areas. However, now most of the streets remain forested avenues. Grzybowa and Zielona Grzybowa in the 17th century was a small settlement whose development was determined by the route from Grochów to Stanisławów. Near this track there was a Zielona inn. According to the 1827 census, in Grzybowa there were only 3 houses and 12 inhabitants. Around the inn, the village of Zielona started to develop. In 1895 Zielona was a village in the Warsawian district, in the Okuniew municipality. Zielona's area was 245 morgas and it had 68 inhabitants. In 1795 Austria started to build a customs house there. It was a classical brick building destroyed in 1944. Grzybowa and Zielona were annexed to Wawer municipality. Currently there are beautiful estates located around the forests between the two parabolic dunes. On one of them is placed the Kamień Piłsudskiego (Piłsudski Stone), which commemorates the Polish Military Organisation's field exercises, which took place on April 29, 1917. Stara Miłosna Stara Miłosna is the oldest estate in Wesoła. Its documented history goes back to the 14th century. Stara Miłosna was the szlachta's village. Firstly, the name was Milosina, later Miłośnia, Miłośna and finally Miłosna. Through Miłosna runs a route, through which cattle was driven, and through which Warsaw was supplied. Many inns and 'mail' buildings were near the route. In the first half of 19th century, the owner of the majority of the area was prince Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki, who was then chancellor of the exchequer. He had a palace there, which was destroyed during Battle of Olszynka Grochowska, in February 1831. After this, Miłosna was owned by the Rychłowski family. In the 19th and 20th centuries the Miłosna area got parcelled out. In the Słownik Geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego (English: Geographic Dictionary of Kingdom of Poland) it stated that in Miłosna was a few folwarks (Miłosna, Borków, Kaczydół and Żurawka), nomenclatures (Pohulanka, Janówek and Zakręt) and one village Zakręt. During World War I, in 1915, German Army took over Russian linear defence, which ran on Miłosna's hill range. It was called Przedmoście Warszawy (English: Bridgehead of Warsaw, ). During the Second Polish Republic the area was a prosperous town with summer resort estates, peat's health resort and an airport for gliders. Much was destroyed in World War II. Polish Army Square Until World War I, a large complex of barracks used by the Tsar's army was located near Stanisławów's old road. It was changed into a military training field in the Second Polish Republic's days. Dywizjon Artylerii Pomiarowej z Torunia (English: Artillery Measurement Detachment from Toruń) was stationed there, for which was built headquarters, an orchestra building and three accommodation buildings. Between 1949 and 1956 the unit's area became the headquarters of Centralny Ośrodek Szkolenia Informacji Wojskowej (English: Army's Information Training Centre) and was kept secret. From 1957 1. Pułk Piechoty 1. Dywizji Piechoty im. Tadeusza Kościuszki (English: 1st Infantry Regiment of 1st Tadeusz Kościuszko's Infantry Division) was based here for which a number of blocks were built including an amphitheatre, an allotment's garden Zachęta, a trade pavilion and 'Kościuszkowiec' Club. Today, the estate has 2000 inhabitants and is an open area.	Wesoła
John Alexander Mackie (23 February 1903 – June 1984) was an Irish footballer who played as a right-back for various clubs, including Arsenal and Portsmouth in the English Football League. Career Born in Monkstown, County Antrim, Mackie started out at Monkstown and Forth River in Belfast, before being spotted by Arsenal in 1922. It is suggested in many reports that Mackie demanded a pet monkey in place of a signing-on fee, a request Arsenal managed to satisfy thanks to chairman Sir Henry Norris's contacts in international trade. However, a re-analysis of the sources of this story in 2014 suggests the story is fanciful. Mackie was a young, strong right back, and made his debut on 9 December 1922 against Birmingham City. He soon became a regular in the Arsenal side, making 23 league appearances that season and 31 the next. He also made his debut for Ireland, against Wales on 14 April 1923. However, he became injured early on in 1924–25 and missed most of that season. Although Mackie would return to first-team football, managing 35 league appearances in 1925–26, future Arsenal skipper Tom Parker joined in spring 1926 and soon ousted Mackie from the side altogether. Mackie played two more seasons for Arsenal, mostly in the reserves, before leaving for Portsmouth in 1928. In all, he made 119 appearances for Arsenal, scoring one goal. At Portsmouth, Mackie became a stalwart for the next seven seasons; he made over 250 league appearances for Pompey, and played in two FA Cup Finals – against Bolton Wanderers in 1929 and Manchester City in 1934, losing both. He also won two more caps for Ireland. He left Portsmouth in 1936, and finished his career at non-league Northampton Town and then Sittingbourne. He died in 1984 at the age of 81.	Alec Mackie (Irish footballer)
Cedar Cliff High School is located in Camp Hill, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, United States, and is older of the two high schools in the West Shore School District. It was formed in 1959 with the merger of West Shore High School and New Cumberland High School. The entire West Shore School District attended Cedar Cliff until fall 1965, when Red Land High School opened. In 2019, the school had 1,290 students enrolled. In 2011, the school had 95 teachers yielding a student teach ratio of 14:1. According to a 2011 report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, eight teachers are considered "Non‐Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind law. The Cedar Cliff mascot is The Colt, and the school colors are navy blue, silver and gold. The Pennsylvania Department of Education has set the tuition for non-resident and charter school students at $8,969.40. History Starting in the late 19th century it was common for the wealthy of Harrisburg to buy rural plots of land to vacation for the summer. In 1903, congressman Marlin Olmsted of Harrisburg purchased 69 acres as a summer farm residence named "Cedar Cliff". Following his passing, his widow remarried Vance C. McCormick, whose family maintained Cedar Cliff until 1954 when it was sold to prominent architect William Lynch Murray of Shipoke, Harrisburg. Cedar Cliff High school was formed from the merger of West Shore High School (Closed Lemoyne Middle School) and New Cumberland High School (New Cumberland Middle School) in 1959. West Shore's colors, navy blue and silver, would merge with New Cumberland's navy blue and gold, to make Cedar Cliff's colors, navy blue, gold, and silver. The West Shore Joint School System would become the West Shore School District in 1966, the year that Red Land High School opened. Dedication Cedar Cliff High School's dedication was held on October 25, 1959. Cedar Cliff was operated by the West Shore Joint Senior High School Board. This board was a jointure of the school districts of Lemoyne, Lower Allen Township, New Cumberland, Redland, and Wormleysburg. The board presented Cedar Cliff Senior High School as the "Fulfillment of a dream for better educational opportunities for the youth of its service area." Cedar Cliff opened with administrators Supervising Principal Raymond A. Wort, assistant John A. Johnson, and assistant Louis S. Edwards along with 60 faculty members. Demographics The demographic breakdown of the 1,290 students enrolled for 2019-2020 was: Male - 687 (57%) Female - 603 (47%) Native American/Alaskan - 0 Asian - 23 (2%) Black - 79 (6%) Hispanic - 183 (14%) White - 930 (72%) Multiracial - 66 (5%) 326 students were eligible for free lunch and 57 for reduced-cost lunch. For 2019-2020, Cedar Cliff was a Title I school. Note: Details may not add to totals. Notable alumni Kyle Brady – former tight end for the New York Jets, Jacksonville Jaguars, and New England Patriots, class of 1990 Patrick Fabian - American actor of film, stage and television, including Better Call Saul, class of 1983 Edson Hendricks - an IBM computer scientist and developer of RSCS or VNET, class of 1963 Rudi Protrudi - lead vocalist and frontman of The Fuzztones, class of 1970 Andrew Ford - NFL scout for the Arizona Cardinals, former Division 1 quarterback at Virginia Tech and later UMass. Heavily involved in humanitarian causes in the area, including a pet shelter for three-legged dogs. Mike Regan – former U.S. Marshal and current Pennsylvania State Senator, class of 1980 Rikki Rockett – drummer of rock band Poison, class of 1980 Coy Wire – former linebacker for the Atlanta Falcons and Buffalo Bills, class of 1997 Michele Smith (actress) - former host of American Thunder, class of 1980	Cedar Cliff High School
Dissaving is negative saving. If spending is greater than disposable income, dissaving is taking place. This spending is financed by already accumulated savings, such as money in a savings account, or it can be borrowed. Household dissaving therefore corresponds to an absolute decrease in their financial investments. Usually dissavings start after retirement, when an individual starts deducting money from the amount that he has been saving during his life time. There are also other reasons for dissavings; like big purchases, huge events, and emergencies. On the macro level, also governments could reach a certain situation where they start dissaving from their accumulated funds. Why people save Savings is when an income contributor keeps a certain amount of the income on a side (saving account) and start having an accumulative amount of money based on their savings. People usually save money for certain reasons such as: 1- Emergencies are those unexpected emerging events that might happen in a persons life and that might need a certain amount of money in order for it to be satisfied/solved (such as a health emergency, unexpected damage in some equipment, etc…). In such cases, having financial security can help reduces the chances of borrowing money or taking loans. 2- Kids education is one of the most crucial choices on an households future, therefore parents usually worry about their kids educations and are always willing save money for the increasing educational fees, or potential improvement in the degree obtained. 4- Big purchases like cars, house, or equipments wouldn’t be easily to be bought without any saved amount as sometimes they might constitute of more than 1.5 times of the monthly salary. Buying big purchases fills the satisfaction of the buyer depending on his/her preferences and willingness, leading to an improved well-being situation. 5- Accumulating wealth or increasing the cash reserves also help invest some money at the bank where the investor would be getting a certain interest rate on his/her saving account. Once an individual starts deducting a certain amount of money for any of these purposes, in addition to daily expenses, here starts the dissaving process. Why people dissave There are multiple reasons why people dissave. The first one is that a person accumulates savings for the purpose of spending them after retirement. This type of dissaving is intentional and voluntary and requires planning how much to save and dissave in order not to run out of money in their savings. Another reason is that a person experiences a shock, e.g. sudden unemployment or medical emergency and is forced to spend more than they earn. This person first dissaves from their personal savings and possibly later has to borrow money to finance their expenses. Third reason is that a person lacks judgment and lives above their means. These people finance their spendings from credit and are the most prone to shocks which may lead to personal bankruptcy. We can also assimilate a request for credit to early dissaving. Indeed, a household that has a consumer credit for the acquisition of a good commits to repay the loan and the interest on its future income, which reduces its future savings. Dissaving was reported as a typical response to deficits, for households with normal income and expenditure patterns during the depression of the 1930s. Although this phenomenon is very rare at the collective level, it is quite common at the individual level since, the purpose of savings is to one day be used for consumer purchases. With a phenomenon of dissaving at the collective level would be bad for the economy of a country since it is used for financing. Zero savings would practically prevent the financing of new investments and therefore potential growth. Dismissals at the collective level would have even more important consequences because the decrease in outstanding investments would lead to a drop in the quotations of financial securities (stocks and bonds) and would risk putting the banks and the systems of collecting savings into bankruptcy. following a liquidity crisis. Massive dissaving to consumption can also lead to inflation risks if the production of consumer goods is not sufficient to meet new demand. Saving and dissaving lifecycle The life-cycle approach of the saving and dissaving decisions Lowest tier people with the lowest income tent to save little while they are still working, which leads to a little dissavings as a consequence after their retirement. Even if they were somehow fortunate and could save some amount of money during their working/production life, they would still have few savings that they would consume in few months. (Low savings, low dissavings) Highest tier people with the highest income are considered to have high amount of savings, which in contract, they tend to dissave less. Such dissavings happen when they face health diseases, or when they have to pay some long-term expenses. (High savings, low dissavings) Middle tier people who have middle income, they show some aspects of savings and dissavings during their life-cycle, specially when we think about pensions and health shocks or diseases we can see that medium income people try to save as much as they can during their life-cycle, and once they face a health shock or when they start getting less pension, a significant drop in the saving account can be noticed, which means an increase in the dissavings. Inflation and dissavings Another reason of dissaving is that when an individual is expecting an increase in the inflation rate, they would be willing to consume more and more of the current saved account as they expecting the value of money to be less. Dissaving at the retirement age People at the age of 20 when they start working and making income their income curve starts exceeding the consumption line which is when they start saving money. Until they reach the retirement age which is 65, their income curve start receding the consumption curve which is where dissaving start taking place; this is mainly when an elder start deducting from his saving amounts for his daily expenses and other emergencies. Governments dissavings Dissavings can also occur on the macroeconomic level, that’s when the government tend to spend all the accumulated savings and the available funds, specially when a natural disaster happens such as an earthquake, wildfire, or hurricane. Other causes might be due to civil disorders, hyperinflation, or war. A real example of dissaving In December 2019 until January 2019, when the US faced a governmental shutdown, most of the governmental employees were forced to take an unpaid leave from their work. The consequence of this forced unpaid leave is that these employees started to dissave just to keep up with their daily living expenses and basic obligations, even if it wasn’t their fault. Intro The life-cycle hypothesis of saving, of Ando and Modigliani, proposes that people work and save when they are young and retire and dissave when they become elderly. However, this theory is not fully verified, at least in France. The savings rate is falling due to the aging of the population. In fact, the savings rate continues to increase beyond the age of 50, reaching 22.5% for those over 60. This phenomenon is undoubtedly explained in part by the concern to pass on wealth to subsequent generations as well as to cover unforeseen health expenses. Relevant studies Hayashi, Ando, and Ferris investigated whether the elderly save or dissave and found for the United States that families after retirement dissave on average about a third of their peak wealth by the time of death, leaving the rest (mostly their homes) as bequests. In contrast they found that for Japan the elderly forming independent households and those living with children continue to save, for all but the most elderly. From age 80 or more and, also the single elderly of all ages, the dissaving patterns were evident. Later evidence presented by Horioka reinforces the life cycle hypothesis in Japan. Clara Fernström researched whether there is any correlation between the dissaving of a person and the person’s age, gender, marital status, income and the probability of surviving until the following year. Her study shows following results and provides possible explanation as follows: Annual savings increase with lower survival probability. That might be explained by either bequest motives or the low utility rate of consumption for a person with low survival probability. Person with low survival probability is likely to be ill and not able to enjoy the consumption as much as a healthy person, therefore they decide to consume little. People with low income show less dissaving after a shock than people with high income. People with low income usually have low savings, therefore don’t have the possibility to dissave without borrowing. However, people with high savings can choose how much to dissave. People with children save more than childless people, which is explained by wanting to leave a bequest for their offspring. Married individuals save less than the singles. Unlike people with children, there seems to be no visible intent to save for bequest reasons. Moreover, it is possible that the utility rate of consumption is higher for married individuals, as the utility is shared with their spouse. Moreover, single people save more, because they can’t rely financially on their husband or wife. Older people dissave less than younger people, which is probably linked to the fact that older people have generally lower probability of survival. See also Autonomous consumption Debt Retirement spend down	Dissaving
The 1st Battalion, 7th Marines (1/7) is an infantry battalion of the 7th Marine Regiment of the United States Marine Corps. It is currently based at the Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms. Consisting of approximately 1,000 Marines, it is part of the 1st Marine Division. Famous Marines who have served in 1/7 include General Raymond G. Davis, General James Mattis, Lieutenant General Lewis "Chesty" Puller, and Gunnery Sergeant John Basilone. Subordinate units Headquarters and Service Company Animal Company Baker Company Charley Company Weapons Company Note that unlike other infantry battalions in the Marine Corps, 1/7 does not follow the traditional usage of the NATO phonetic alphabet for naming their companies. Suicide Charley uses an outdated spelling of "Charlie" in reference to their history. History The 1st Battalion, 7th Marine Regiment was created on 1 April 1921 in San Diego, California. In September 1924, the 1st Battalion, 7th Marines was deactivated with its personnel being absorbed by the newly organized 4th Marine Regiment. For the next twenty years 1/7 was activated, re-designated, and disbanded on numerous occasions until being reborn on 1 January 1941. World War II Just over a year after its rebirth, 1/7 deployed to take part in the Pacific Theater during World War II. 7th Marines and 1/11 were detached from the Division to form the 3rd Marine Brigade and were sent to Samoa. From where the battalion rejoined the 1st Marine Division, to see their first action of the war at Guadalcanal. Under its commander, Lieutenant Colonel Lewis B. "Chesty" Puller, the battalion distinguished itself many times over for valor, and bravery held its positions against the onslaught of a regiment of seasoned Japanese attackers. It was also during this campaign that Sgt "Manila John" Basilone was awarded the Medal of Honor for defending his exposed position from a comprehensive Japanese assault using only a machine gun. Throughout the remainder of the war, the "First Team" distinguished itself throughout many campaigns, including the Battle of Cape Gloucester, the Battle of Peleliu and the Battle of Okinawa. At the end of the war in the Pacific, 1/7 deployed to China as an element of Operation Beleaguer to assist in repatriation of the defeated Japanese military to Japan. Korean War Following World War II, the "First of the Seventh" was sent to Camp Pendleton in California where it was deactivated on 5 March 1947. However, in response to the invasion of South Korea by the communist North Korea, the 1st Battalion, 7th Marines was again called into action. On 21 September 1950, 1/7 carried out an amphibious landing at Inchon. Once more the "First Team" distinguished itself in battle fighting its way to and from the Chosin Reservoir and in the First Battle of the Hook; Lt Col Raymond C. Davis of the Battalion received the Medal of Honor for fighting at the Chosin Reservoir in North Korea. Following the cessation of hostilities in Korea and through 1965, 1/7 spent time both in Camp Pendleton and Okinawa while maintaining its combat readiness. Vietnam War In August 1965, 1/7 was once again called to service, this time in South Vietnam. The 1/7 commander, Lt. Colonel James P. Kelly, led the "First Team" in 1965-1966 as they participated in numerous combat operations such as Starlite, Piranha, Mameluke Thrust and Oklahoma Hills. During these operations and many others, 1/7 was honored repeatedly, earning the Presidential Unit Citation Streamer four times and the Meritorious Unit Commendation Streamer three times. Corporal Larry Eugene Smedley, Delta Company /1/7, was awarded the Medal of Honor posthumously for action that took place on 20 December 1967, and Private First Class Ralph Dias, Delta Company, 1/7, was awarded the Medal of Honor posthumously for action that took place in November 1969. In 1998, Robert R. Ingram was awarded the Medal of Honor by President Bill Clinton for his actions on 28 March 1966, while he was assigned as a Navy hospital corpsman in B Company, 1/7. On 19 February 1970, in the Son Thang massacre just southwest of Danang, a five-man patrol from the Battalion executed five women and eleven children. One member of the team was convicted of premeditated murder, but served less than a year in prison Gulf War The 1st Battalion, 7th Marines, was the first unit to man defensive positions in Saudi Arabia during Operation Desert Shield in August 1990. The Battalion was an integral member of Task Force Ripper. As Desert Shield became Desert Storm, 1/7 participated in the diagonal thrust to the perimeter of Kuwait City, spearheading the liberation of Kuwait from Iraq. 1/7 returned to Twentynine Palms in California, in March 1991. Somalia On 11 December 1992, the first elements of 1st Battalion, 7th Marines, arrived at Mogadishu, Somalia for Operation Restore Hope. 1/7 operations were conducted in Baidoa, Bardera, Oddur, Afgoye and Mogadishu. The Battalion relieved Task Force Mogadishu for occupation of the Stadium Complex in Mogadishu on 25 January 1993. The following night, Lance Corporal Anthony Botello was killed while on point, during a night patrol in the city. Botello was the only other Marine besides Pfc. Domingo Arroyo (3rd Battalion 11th Marines) to be killed in action in Somalia. 1/7 turned over their mission and area of operations in Mogadishu to the 10th Baluch Battalion on 24 April 1993 and returned to Twentynine Palms. Operation Iraqi Freedom In January 2003, 1/7 was deployed on Operation Iraqi Freedom. It crossed the Kuwaiti border into Iraq on 18 March; its first mission was to seize the strategically prominent oil pumping and control station in Az Zubayr. This station was so important because more than 50% of Iraq's oil was controlled by it. 1/7 saw significant combat action on its way to Baghdad and in the streets of the Iraqi capital. On 23 April, 1/7 turned over control of their sector to the U.S. Army and took up positions in the city of An Najaf. After countless extensions, the Battalion returned to Twentynine Palms, on 5 October 2003. In August 2004, 1/7 deployed once more, but this time to Western Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom II. There the Battalion conducted security operations in the cities and roadways along the Euphrates River and Syrian border to include Husaybah, Karabilah, Sadah, Ubaydi, Al Qa'im, Haditha, Hit and Haqlania. Involved in combat operations on a daily basis, 1/7 personnel conducted mounted and dismounted urban patrols, cordon knocks, Main Supply Route (MSR) security, sweep operations and border security to clear the battalion's Area of Operation (AO) of enemy insurgents. In March 2006, 1/7 again deployed to Iraq and operated near the Iraqi-Syrian border, conducting dismounted urban patrols, weapons cache sweeping and vehicle checkpoints. The battalion returned in September 2006. 1/7 returned to Western Al Anbar in August 2007. Assigned to AO Hīt, "Task Force 1/7" conducted thousands of combat patrols and weapon cache sweeps. TF 1/7 found over 22,000 pieces of ordnance during the deployment and captured over 200 suspected terrorists and criminals. TF 1/7 was partnered with two Iraqi infantry battalions and two police districts. The training and development of the Iraqi units was so successful that the city of Hit was the first city within the Al Anbar Province to be returned to Iraqi control. The Battalion returned to Twentynine Palms in March 2008. In February 2009, 1/7 returned to the Al Anbar province. Assigned to Fallujah and Al-Karmah, it was tasked to maintain security in the area with close cooperation with Iraqi police, the Iraqi Army and Provincial Security Forces. Upon departing the region in August and September 2009, 1/7 turned over the AO to Iraqi control before returning to the United States. Operation Enduring Freedom In March 2012, the 1st Battalion, 7th Marines deployed to Sangin District, Helmand Province, Afghanistan to conduct counterinsurgency operations and support the transition of authority from U.S. forces to the Afghan National Security Forces. The Battalion returned in October 2012. In March 2014, 1/7 again deployed to Helmand Province, Afghanistan. The Battalion retrograded from Sangin district on 5 May 2014, and turned over security responsibility of the area to the Afghan National Army. 1st Battalion, 7th Marines, was the final Marine Corps unit to occupy FOB Sabit Qadam and the surrounding area in Sangin District. During the Battalion's approximately seven-month-long deployment, the "First Team" was responsible for a number of successful missions throughout Helmand province. "They should be proud of what they contributed to the campaign," said Brig. Gen. Daniel Yoo. "They have been involved in everything from the northern Helmand retrograde from Sangin, which was historic for the Marine Corps but also for 1st Battalion, 7th Marines, because of their previous deployment there. They were involved in the central Helmand liftoff to support our U.K. brothers as they picked up and moved out of Lashkar Gah. They were involved in elections prep from both the primary elections and the runoff elections." Amidst the battalion's success came two devastating incidents. The first incident occurred while providing security, 25 June, when Sgt. Thomas Spitzer, a Scout Sniper assigned to the Scout Sniper Platoon, was killed in action. The second occurred during a dismounted combat patrol, 9 Aug., when Staff Sgt. Brandon Dodson, a platoon sergeant with Baker Co., stepped on an improvised explosive device. Dodson was severely injured, but he maintains a positive attitude and is committed toward his recovery at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center. On 1 October 2014, the 1st Battalion, 7th Marines, transferred their area of responsibility to 3rd Squadron, 3rd Cavalry Regiment, a U.S. Army command based out of Fort Hood, Texas. Medal of Honor recipients World War II GySgt John Basilone- Guadalcanal, 24–25 October 1942 Korean War Lt Col Raymond G. Davis – North Korea, 1–4 December 1950 SSgt Archie Van Winkle – North Korea, 2 November 1950 Posthumous: Cpl David B. Champagne – South Korea, 28 May 1952 PFC John D. Kelly – South Korea, 28 May 1952 PFC Herbert A. Littleton – South Korea, 22 April 1951 Sgt Frederick W. Mausert, III – South Korea, 12 September 1951 1st Lt Frank N. Mitchell – North Korea, 26 November 1950 Sgt James I. Poynter – North Korea, 4 November 1950 Vietnam War HM3 Robert R. Ingram, USN – South Vietnam, 28 March 1966 Posthumous: PFC Ralph E. Dias – South Vietnam, 12 November 1969 Cpl Larry E. Smedley, South Vietnam, 20–21 December 1967 Notable former members William Atwater, Vietnam War James Mattis, Gulf War Chesty Puller, World War II Dale Shewalter, Vietnam War Bing West, Vietnam War Tony Bussing, Gulf War See also History of the United States Marine Corps List of United States Marine Corps battalions Organization of the United States Marine Corps	1st Battalion, 7th Marines
The Innocent was the band Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails played with after leaving Option 30. He then moved on to the Exotic Birds before creating his own band, Nine Inch Nails. The other members were Alan Greenblatt (as Alan Greene), Kevin Valentine, Rodney Cajka (as Rodney Psyka) and Albritton McClain. Valentine and McClain were both members of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers, and they had just recently opted to go on their own way from the band. The band's sole album was released on the regional Red Label Records. After releasing their only album, Livin' in the Street, Reznor left the band. He joined Exotic Birds and contributed to the local band Slam Bamboo, before eventually forming Nine Inch Nails. Livin' in the Street "Livin' in the Street" – 3:47 "Freeway Ride" – 4:08 "Dora" – 4:41 "With You" – 3:50 "Heartzone" – 4:57 "Top Secret" – 4:01 "Love'll Come Knockin'" – 4:39 "Back in My Life" – 4:10 *On some editions of the album, this track is unlisted and "Queen Of The Border" is listed as the eighth track in its stead. "Queen of the Border" – 4:42 "The Names Have Been Changed" – 3:43	The Innocent (band)
Rosice is a municipality and village in Chrudim District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,400 inhabitants. Administrative parts Villages of Bor u Chroustovic, Brčekoly and Synčany are administrative parts of Rosice. History There were originally two separate villages in the area of today's Rosice, called Rosice and Seslávky. The first written mention of Seslávky is from after 1131, the first written mention of Rosice is from 1318.	Rosice (Chrudim District)
Gormenghast is a four-episode television series based on the first two novels of the Gothic fantasy Gormenghast series by Mervyn Peake. It was produced and broadcast by the BBC. First broadcast in June 2000, the series was designed for an early evening time-slot in much the same vein as the earlier adaptations of The Chronicles of Narnia. The BBC conception was based on the idea that Peake's early life in China had influenced the creation of Gormenghast; thus, the castle in the series resembles the Forbidden City in Beijing as well as the holy city of Lhasa in Tibet. Plot The series covers the events of the first two books, Titus Groan and Gormenghast. It does not cover any of the events from the third book, Titus Alone. Cast Production At the time of its broadcast, led by producer, Estelle Daniel, Gormenghast was among the most ambitious serials ever undertaken by the BBC. The series required a combined five years of production and pre-production and utilized over 120 sets. Differences from source material Changes were made to both the plots and characters of both books. Plot Certain changes are made to make the story fit the four-episode format: Steerpike's murder of Barquentine is delayed until the fourth episode, to make room for the sections concerning Titus's escapes, thus making the character significantly older when this happens. The story of Keda's lovers' rivalry and Keda's subsequent wanderings in the wilderness are condensed and she leaves Gormenghast much later, just prior to Swelter and Sepulchrave's deaths. Steerpike's backstory was amended for the TV series. In Titus Groan he had only been in the kitchen for a few weeks before making his escape, while on TV in a monologue to his monkey in episode 4, Steerpike stated that he was sent to the kitchens when he was six, suffering various abuses at the hands of Swelter. In the DVD documentary The Making of Gormenghast Jonathan Rhys-Myers (who played Steerpike) stated that the character of Steerpike had been subjected to sexual abuse in the kitchens, though this was not made explicit in any of the episodes. A section of the plot of Titus Groan in which Fuchsia and Steerpike meet in the woods and discuss equality, and Fuchsia subsequently breaking her leg, is moved forward into the events of Gormenghast, by which point Steerpike is actively trying to seduce Fuchsia. In the books, Fuchsia falls out of love instantly with Steerpike when he calls her a fool, but in the series her love endures after he is unmasked. In episode 4, an additional scene is added where Steerpike, now on the run, begs for Fuchsia's help and seems to be on the point of receiving it, but when he calls her "Fuchsia", rather than Lady as he has on all other occasions, the display of affection shocks Fuchsia who calls for the guards. Steerpike leaps from the window, reminding her that he could have given her everything. In the books, it is ambiguous whether Nannie Slagg's death is natural from old age or not. In the series, it is clear that Steerpike poisons Nannie Slagg, who has become an obstacle to Steerpike's relationship with Fuchsia. Characters In the book, Steerpike is described as being less physically attractive, with close-set red eyes and greasy hair, which he does not have in the series. Several minor characters were cut out entirely for the screen, most notably Sourdust (Barquentine's father who dies in the fire), Pentecost (the gardener) and some of the professors. The Headmaster's name has been changed from Deadyawn to De'Ath. The character named Rottcodd, who in the book was in charge of the Hall of the Bright Carvings, becomes in the miniseries captain of the guard; a similar character does appear in the books but goes unnamed. The names of some other Professors have been shortened. Professor Mulefire is renamed Professor Mule, Professor Cutflower is renamed Professor Flower. Barquentine has two legs and crutches on screen rather than one as in the book because Warren Mitchell couldn't manage with one leg strapped up. Reception The series received wide critical acclaim, with particular praise for its visual design, music, cinematography and the cast's performances. Variety offered an especially glowing review, describing it as an "unforgettable production" and a fascinating drama that defied logic. And specifically, the review noted that it featured "marvelous performances all around", although it singled out Celia Imrie's portrayal of Lady Gertrude for especial praise. Accolades Wins The New York Festivals, 2000 Silver WorldMedal in Television/Mini-Series Bronze WorldMedal in Television/Best Costume Design British Academy of Film and Television Arts/ BAFTA, 2000 Best Make-up/Hair Design - Joan Hills, Christine Greenwood Best Visual Effects and Graphic Design - Team Royal Television Society Craft & Design Awards 1999/2000 Production Design: Drama Christopher Hobbs - Gormenghast Lighting, Photography + Camera: Photography Drama Gavin Finney - Gormenghast The Ivor Novello Awards, 2000 Best Original Music for a Television/Radio Broadcast Gormenghast, Composed by: Sir Richard Rodney Bennett UK Publisher: Novello & Company Nominations British Academy of Film and Television Arts/ BAFTA, 2000 Best Costume Design - Odile Dicks-Mireaux Best Editing Fiction/Entertainment - Paul Tothill Best Original Television Music - Richard Rodney Bennett Best Production Design - Christopher Hobbs Royal Television Society Craft & Design Awards 1999/2000 Costume Design: Drama Odile Dicks-Mireaux - Gormenghast IBC (International Broadcasting Convention) Le Nombre d'Or, Amsterdam, 2000 Gormenghast Banff Television Festival/Banff Rockie Award, 2001 Gormenghast	Gormenghast (TV serial)
Maryland Route 824 (MD 824) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. Known as Blythedale Road, the state highway, which is officially MD 824A, runs from MD 222 north to MD 222 and MD 275 in Perryville in western Cecil County. MD 824 is the old alignment of U.S. Route 222 (US 222), which is now MD 222, in Perryville. MD 824 was assigned to the old road after US 222 was relocated for its interchange with Interstate 95 (I-95) in the early 1960s. Route description MD 824 begins at an intersection with MD 222 (Perryville Road) in the hamlet of Blythedale between downtown Perryville and MD 222's interchange with I-95 (John F. Kennedy Memorial Highway). The highway starts east as Reservoir Road but immediately turns north along two-lane undivided Blythedale Road. After passing under I-95 and intersecting Principio Road in the valley of Mill Creek, MD 824 curves to the west toward its northern terminus at a four-way intersection with MD 222 and MD 275. MD 222 heads south toward the I-95 interchange as Perryville Road and west as Bainbridge Road toward Port Deposit, and MD 275 heads north as Perrylawn Drive toward Rising Sun. History MD 824 is the old alignment of US 222, and its course was originally constructed as MD 268. The highway was constructed as a concrete road in 1920 and 1921. MD 268 was replaced by a southern extension of US 222 from Conowingo to Perryville in 1938. The highway was proposed to be widened to in 1934, and that expansion came between 1942 and 1944 when US 222 was expanded to improve access between US 40 and United States Naval Training Center Bainbridge, east of Port Deposit. MD 824A was assigned to the highway after US 222 was relocated for its interchange with I-95 when the freeway was constructed in 1962 and 1963. The highway was resurfaced in 1978. Junction list Auxiliary route MD 824 (without suffix) was the designation for Weaver's Corner Road, which extended for parallel to US 222 between a pair of dead ends on both sides of Old Conowingo Road at Oakwood. The highway was assigned after US 222 was relocated through Oakwood in 1951 and 1952. MD 824 was transferred from state to county maintenance through a December 27, 1979, road transfer agreement. See also	Maryland Route 824
Wangsa Maju is a township and a constituency in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This area is surrounded by Setapak, Taman Melati and Gombak district in Selangor. Wangsa Maju is one of the major suburbs in Kuala Lumpur. History Wangsa Maju is a township in Kuala Lumpur, formed in 1984 during the city's 10th anniversary. The area was previously occupied by Setapak rubber estates named as “Hawthornden” from the 1900s until the 1980s. The township is the second to be developed by the Kuala Lumpur City Hall (DBKL), with the first being Bandar Baru Tun Razak initiated in 1975. Subsequently, other new townships were developed in Sentul and Bukit Jalil. The new township project in Wangsa Maju is a joint venture between DBKL and a local company named Paremba Berhad. Most residents of Wangsa Maju are from the low to middle-income group, and many flat units in the area were built and rented out at a lower monthly rental rate than the private sector's housing in Kuala Lumpur and Petaling Jaya. This provides opportunities for as many families as possible in the country to own their homes. Through this joint venture project, most of the houses to be built will be sold directly to the public. The council may keep a small number of these houses for renting to low-income groups who are forced to relocate due to government development projects. Wangsa Maju's commercial centre is known as the Kuala Lumpur Suburban Centre (KLSC). Initially, "Bandar Baru Titiwangsa Maju" was proposed as the name for the township. Wangsa Maju now only contains Sections 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 10, with no Sections 3,7,8 or 9 in between. Early charts indicated different sections of Wangsa Maju as "R", most likely referring to regions or residential areas. Following the opening of Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology (TAR UMT) & Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) campus, Wangsa Maju has since become a major residential area for the students of TAR UMT & UTandR. DBKL recently announced plans to transform Wangsa Maju's Section 1 into Kuala Lumpur's first zero-carbon township, focusing on green technologies. The project's goal is to provide the neighbourhood, which is mostly made up of low-cost flats, shophouses, and makeshift retail stores, with eco-conscious neighbourhoods that emphasise pedestrian walkways, jogging tracks and bicycle paths, as well as the replacement of ageing railings along residential areas. DBKL also wants residents to experience the benefits of living in an eco-friendly township so that they can better comprehend the larger objectives to become green and combat climate change outlined in the KL Low-Carbon Society Blueprint 2030. DBKL also intends to transform vacant lots into landscaped gardens or urban farms. Facilities Sections 1 through 10 Various housing area such as Wangsa Melawati, Desa Setapak, Taman Sri Rampai, Taman Bunga Raya Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan Wangsa Maju (Known for W and V Number plate registration issuance) Bangunan ZETRO (currently houses the headquarters of PLKN. Formerly known as Akademi TV3, later became SAL College.) Shopping AEON Wangsa Maju (also known as Jusco or Alpha Angle Shopping Centre) AEON BiG Wangsa Maju (used to be known as Carrefour) Wangsa Walk Mall Giant Setapak Central – Formerly KL Festival City Education Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology (TAR UMT) Institute CECE VTAR Institute Others Wangsa Maju Teleport Wangsa Maju LRT station P. Ramlee Memorial Transport Public transport Wangsa Maju is home to two Rapid KL LRT stations, Wangsa Maju LRT Station and Sri Rampai LRT Station. Kumpool Vanpool ride-sharing service to Wangsa Maju LRT Station also available here. Road networks Wangsa Maju is well served by federal routes and expressways. Jalan Genting Klang Federal Route 2 links downtown Kuala Lumpur with Wangsa Maju and Setapak areas. Motorists from Ampang and Pandan Indah will instead opt for the MRR2 Federal Route 28. The Duta–Ulu Klang Expressway cuts through the southern part of Wangsa Maju. The old road to Gombak and Bentong (Federal Route 68) also begins nearby. Politics Parliamentary boundaries can be confusing at times, particularly when it comes to the Wangsa Maju township. The Wangsa Maju Parliementary seat (P116) includes not only Sections 1, 2, and 4, but also Gombak, Danau Kota, and Taman Melati towards the Karak Highway. Before 2004, the Wangsa Maju constituency was part of the Setiawangsa constituency (P115). Nonetheless, some parts of Wangsa Maju are still administered by Setiawangsa, which causes some confusion among residents who live in Wangsa Maju yet vote for Setiawangsa. Also, the DBKL branch office at Wangsa Maju is called Setiawangsa, although another DBKL branch office called Wangsa Maju can be found on Jalan Gombak, possibly due to parliamentary boundaries. The area was first represented by Datuk Yew Teong Loke (MCA) in 2004. In 2008 he lost to Wee Choo Keong (PKR) by merely 151 votes, subsequently this seat was win by the PKR for two terms The incumbent MP is Zahir Hassan of Pakatan Harapan-PKR, who won the 15th general election with a majority of 20,696 votes under the Pakatan Harapan flag. The constituency includes a portion of Wangsa Maju located south of Jalan Genting Klang, and the incumbent MP is Nik Nazmi, also of the PH-PKR.	Wangsa Maju
Fred “Arkansas” Lee Barnett (born June 17, 1966 in Gunnison, Mississippi) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for the Philadelphia Eagles and Miami Dolphins. He played college football at Arkansas State University and was selected by the Eagles in the third round of the 1990 NFL Draft. Barnett played in eight NFL seasons from 1990 to 1997 for the Eagles and the Dolphins. He made the Pro Bowl following the 1992 season and was known for his ability to make acrobatic catches. He was the receiver on one of the Eagles' longest plays of all time, a 95-yard touchdown pass from Randall Cunningham in a 1990 game against the Buffalo Bills. Barnett was later the tight ends coach of the Memphis Maniax of the XFL. Barnett's cousin Tim Barnett played the same position, WR, with the Kansas City Chiefs. Fred is best friends with Joe DeCamara.	Fred Barnett
Stephen F. Austin High School is a secondary school located in unincorporated Fort Bend County, Texas and is named after Stephen F. Austin, who helped lead American settlement of Texas, and who is widely regarded as "The Father of Texas." The school happens to be only miles from Austin's original colony in present-day Fort Bend County. Some areas of Sugar Land, Windsor Estates, and the western portion of the community of New Territory are zoned to Austin. On previous occasions employee housing units of the Jester State Prison Farm (including Jester I Unit, Carol Vance Unit, Jester III Unit) were zoned to Austin. The school, which serves grades 9-12, is a part of the Fort Bend Independent School District. Although having a Sugar Land, Texas address, the school is located outside the city limits of Sugar Land; only students from New Territory live within the City of Sugar Land. History Austin opened in 1995 to alleviate overcrowding from Kempner High School and Clements High School. Austin was FBISD's sixth comprehensive high school. When Travis High School opened, some of Austin's territory was given to Travis, and Austin took some territory from Kempner High School. In the territories, grades 9 and 10 were immediately zoned to the new high school, and grades 11 to 12 continued to go to the previous high schools with a phaseout of one grade per year. In 2006 the Smithville area, employee housing of the Central Unit state prison (which housed minor dependents of prison employees) was rezoned from Kempner to Austin, with grades 9-10 immediately zoned to Austin, and grades 11-12 zoned to Kempner, with a phasing in by grade. Smithville had since been rezoned back to Kempner. The main portion of the Central Unit remained zoned to Austin until the unit's 2011 closure. Campus Austin is located off of FM 1464, across from Shiloh Lake Estates and Grand Parkway Baptist Church. Surrounding the building are the Summerfield neighborhood to the south, the Safari Texas Ranch banquet on the north side, and the Pheasant Creek neighborhood across a ditch to the east. Nearby are Oyster Creek Elementary School and Macario Garcia Middle School, which are wholly and partially zoned to the school, respectively. Neighborhoods served Several different communities within unincorporated Fort Bend County are zoned to Austin, including Old Orchard, Orchard Lake Estates, Stratford Park Village, Summerfield, Pheasent Creek, Park Pointe, Park Pointe Commons, Oak Lake Estates, Village of Oak Lake, Hidden Lake Estates, Shiloh Lake Estates, and the subdivisions of Aliana south of West Airport, which are all zoned to Macario Garcia Middle School. The eastern half of New Territory, which is within the City of Sugar Land, is also zoned to Austin but through Sartartia Middle School instead. In previous eras, Austin served sections of Mission Bend and Pecan Grove. Feeder patterns Feeder elementary schools to Austin include: Oyster Creek Elementary Walker Station Elementary Lakeview (partial) Madden Elementary (partial) Holley Elementary (partial) Arizona Fleming Elementary (partial) Malala Elementary (partial) Feeder middle schools include: Macario Garcia Middle School (partial) Sartartia Middle School (partial) Music In late-1880s, music was invented here. Marching band is among the many dominant programs at Stephen F. Austin High School, as they have yet to lose a single point on any competition. They are the only school to compete and win in both BOA and UIL competitions. A common misconception was previously that bands competing in only BOA were fraudulent, however, this has been proven false. Many competitions have resorted to paying out cash prizes to have Stephen F. Austin not compete as to give other schools a chance. In 2023, while competing at BOA regional in Shenandoah, TX, the marching band was so dominant that a student from Seven Lakes High School cried for weeks. Notable alumni Katie Armiger, country musician Devard Darling, football player for NFL's Kansas City Chiefs Devaughn Darling, twin brother of Devard Darling and former Florida State Seminoles Jerry Hughes, football player for Texas Christian University and NFL's Buffalo Bills, Indianapolis Colts Simone Manuel, swimmer for Stanford, American record holder in 100-yard freestyle, 2016 Olympics gold medalist Lab Ox, hip-hop music producer Adam Senn, model Keshi, singer-songwriter and producer Jessica Zhu, classical concert pianist Kerem Bürsin, Turkish actor Aaron Powell, Founder of Bunch Bikes Garrett Hall, premier member of HeatWave Gaming. Was signed to the largest contract in CDL history	Stephen F. Austin High School (Fort Bend County, Texas)
The Dalelands (product code FRS1) is an accessory for the Dungeons & Dragons campaign setting Forgotten Realms that describes the Dalelands of Faerûn. Contents This is a 64-page booklet wrapped in a removable cover. Included with the book is a fold-out color poster map of the Dalelands. The book focuses on the region known as "The Dalelands", including Archendale, Battledale, Daggerdale, Deepingdale, Featherdale, Harrowdale, The High Dale, Mistledale, Scardale, Shadowdale, Sessrendale, Tarkhaldale (the Lost Dale), Tasseldale, and Teshendale. The book also describes various features of the Dalelands as a whole, and gives some advice for campaigning in the Dales. Publication history The book was written by L. Richard Baker III, and released in 1993. Cover art is by John and Laura Lakey, with interior illustrations by Eric Hotz, Valerie Valusek, and Denis Beauvais, and cartography by Dawn Murin. Reception Reviews Envoyer magazine #39	The Dalelands
Ha Chanseok (December 20, 1948 – September 14, 2010) was a professional Go player. Biography Ha became an 8 dan in 1987, and 9 dan in 2003. Titles & runners-up	Ha Chan-seok
Canyon Blaster is a steel roller coaster located at Six Flags Great Escape and Hurricane Harbor in Queensbury, New York. History Canyon Blaster originally opened as Timber Topper at the now-defunct Opryland USA theme park in Nashville, Tennessee. Manufactured by Arrow Development, the ride opened with the park in 1972 and remained its only full-size coaster until Wabash Cannonball opened in 1975 as part of a major park expansion. It carried a rustic mine train theme, though unlike many similar coasters at other parks, it did not enter a tunnel or travel underground. In the late 1970s, the coaster was renamed Rock n' Roller Coaster, when its park area was rethemed to "Doo-Wah Diddy City", paying homage to the doo wop music of the 1950s. As part of the re-theming, its trains and buildings associated with the ride were repainted in bright pastel colors. After Opryland closed in 1997, the coaster was disassembled and sold to Premier Parks. After being stored at the Old Indiana Fun Park in Thorntown, Indiana for several years, the ride was relocated to The Great Escape in Queensbury, New York and renamed Canyon Blaster in 2003. On May 30, 2013, Great Escape announced that their Canyon Blaster roller coaster would be running backwards for the first time ever during 2013 season for a limited time during the summer. Ride experience and theming The Canyon Blaster is a gentle family-style coaster designed as a runaway mine train featuring two lift hills and a double helix. The ride has a red track with beige supports. It has three trains, blue, brown & red, but in the past few years only the brown train has been used. When the roller coaster was brought to the Great Escape, the system was modified to only accommodate one train due to a change in design features to fit the Great Escape. In keeping with the Old West theme of the Ghosttown section of the park, the coaster is decorated with broken and crumbling artifacts from the era including a stagecoach, a broken steam train and the fake bones of dead animals. The outer fence is painted with mine blast warnings and notices of when the last (again fake) accident was. Many of the decorative artifacts were once part of the defunct Ghost Town Railroad route that Canyon Blaster replaced. The broken steam train is one of the engines from the Ghost Town Railroad.	Canyon Blaster (Great Escape)
Joe the Little Boom Boom (French: Joë chez les Abeilles / Joë petit boum-boum) is an animated television series first produced between 1960 and 1963 and later remade into an animated feature film in 1973 (the English title for the film was Johnny in the Valley of the Giants). It was originally broadcast in 1960 by the ORTF. The show and the film were created by Jean Image, one of the leading French animators of his time. The original series (1960–1963) Joe, a young boy, stops two youths trying to steal honey from a beehive. To thank him, the queen bee, Reine Fleur de Miel 145 (Queen Honey Flower 145), requests Bzz, her favorite adviser, to shrink Joe down to the size of an insect so he can visit her kingdom of the bees as a sign of gratitude. Accompanied by his new friend Bzz, Joe discovers a kingdom full of surprises and dangers. The film (1973) In the 60-minute-long film, a group of boys encounter a spooky castle during a camping trip. The boys discover a very large man living there. The man traps the boys in a shrinking machine and reduces them to the size of flies. One boy, Joe, escapes and has an adventure in a beehive. When he gallantly saves the hive, the Queen Bee, Reine Fleur de Miel 145 (Queen Honey Flower 145) knights him. Eventually, they organize the bees and other woodland animals to attack the castle and rescue (and restore) his trapped friends. Alternative titles בזיק ויויו (Bzik VeYoyo) (Israeli Title) Joë chez les Abeilles / Joë petit boum-boum (French title) Joe e le api / Joe e le formiche (Italian title)	Joe the Little Boom Boom
State Route 270 (SR 270), also known as Bodie Road, is a state highway in the U.S. state of California. It is a spur route off of U.S. Route 395 south of Bridgeport in Mono County, leading into Bodie State Historic Park. Route description The route connects U.S. Route 395 with Bodie State Historic Park. About before entering this park, which holds a preserved ghost town, the road becomes unpaved and is maintained by the California Department of Parks and Recreation (California State Parks) instead of Caltrans. SR 270 is not part of the National Highway System, a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration. Major intersections See also	California State Route 270
Lozice is a municipality and village in Chrudim District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants. History The first written mention of Lozice is from 1131.	Lozice (Chrudim District)
The Holy Family High School is a private Catholic primary and secondary school for boys located in the suburb of East Andheri in Mumbai, in the state of Maharashtra, India. While the school is primarily English-medium, there is also a smaller Marathi-medium section that runs in parallel from the fifth to the tenth standard. The school now also has a junior college named Holy Family Junior College for 11th and 12th grade HSC students. The school is located near MIDC, Andheri East, Mumbai - 400093, Opposite MIDC building. History Holy Family High School was founded in 1944 as a parish institution in an old, single-storied structure by Fr. Denzil Keating, S.J. The school's first headmistress was Maud D'Costa. In 1963, another school building was constructed adjoining Holy Family Church. It was improved and extended with the help of student efforts such as donations, raffles, and school fêtes. A new hall and classrooms were constructed. This building lacked facilities such as filtered drinking water and a cafeteria. It had an inadequate playground and poor sports facilities, requiring the use of the Vinayalaya Jesuit seminary grounds, behind the school and church buildings. The building was extended in the 1970s to have multiple stories, with additional classrooms and a school hall. The school had female students for a few years. Some were admitted for year 11 science and commerce streams. Earlier in the school's history females were accepted at lower levels as well. A mini-stadium was built on the old school ground using funds donated by Jitendra Shah. A few years later, the building became too small to cater to the growing number of parishioners and the building was sold. A more spacious building was constructed, with its own playground on a nearby plot of land. On 22 October 1985, Fr. Lisbert D'Souza, S.J., (Provincial Superior of the Bombay Jesuits) blessed the foundation stone and on 16 July 1988 Bishop Ferdinand Fonseca blessed the new building. On 7 January 1989, under the tenure of Jesuit Frs. Tony J. D'Souza as vicar and Francis Gonsalves as principal, the new school building was formally inaugurated by Simon Cardinal Pimenta, the archbishop of Bombay. In 2005, the school added an amphitheatre and in 2009 a semi-olympic size swimming pool, both at the initiative of the school PTA. Craft and painting courses are offered. Class picnics are held once a year. A Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) was established in 1964. 50th anniversary In 1995, the school celebrated its 50th anniversary with a grand celebration including a fireworks display. In the large crowd attending were several of the school's former principals. A time capsule containing fifty years of school information was buried at the foot of the Holy Family statue to be reopened in the year 2045. 60th anniversary In 2005 the school celebrated its 60th anniversary. Under the initiative of the principal, Fr. Francis Swamy, S.J., and the school's PTA, a five-night fête was held on the school grounds. Celebrities were present for the occasion which was broadcast live on cable TV. Principals The following individuals have served as principal of the school: See also List of Jesuit schools List of schools in Mumbai Violence against Christians in India	Holy Family High School (Mumbai)
DWJM (88.3 FM), broadcasting as Jam 88.3, is a radio station owned and operated by Raven Broadcasting Corporation, one of the partner stations of Tiger 22 Media. The station's studio is located at Unit 906-A Paragon Plaza, EDSA cor. Reliance St., Mandaluyong, while its transmitter is located at Palos Verdes Executive Village, Sumulong Highway, Brgy. Sta. Cruz, Antipolo. History 1988-2003: Citylite On July 26, 1986, the station was inaugurated as Citylite 88.3 with the call letters DWFR. It was owned by Francisco Ravina, along with 7 Board members at the launch of the station, namely Gerry Geronimo (host of Ating Alamin), Steve Salonga, Alex Limjuco, Kit Ravina, Francis Lumen, Bong Sierra and Mike Pedero, who was also the program director at the time. Initially a Soft adult contemporary station, it played a smooth jazz track every hour. After several months, more jazz tracks were played than usual. In October 1988, it changed its call letters to DWCT, and became a fully fledged smooth jazz station, playing smooth jazz, contemporary pieces and rhythm and blues. The station was initially manned by Pancho Alvarez, Pinky Aseron, Mike Taylor (Adam Kite), Ramon Cruz (Joey Pizza) and J. Zorrilla (Jlatin), with Eya Perdigon and Wickette handling the daily newscasts. It was also the official radio station of CNN and Asia Business News and was also affiliated with the American expats in the country. A few years later, 105.1 Crossover and Kiss Jazz 101.1 followed suit after the success of the station with the A and B crowd. In October 1996, Citylite launched its live streaming on its website. After 2 years, Raven Broadcasting Corporation was acquired by the Vera family while Francis Lumen moved to Joey @ Rhythms 92.3. From March 2001 to June 2003, it was known as Smooth Jazz Citylite 88.3. On June 30, 2003, Citylite bid farewell with Eumir Deodato's "Love Island" as its swansong. 2003–present: Jam On July 1, 2003, the station changed its call letters to DWJM and was relaunched as Jam 88.3 with a soft rock format to cater to a larger more advertiser-friendly audience. Ronaldo Sulit ("Joe D'Mango"), who was also responsible for managing sister station Wave 89.1, was the station manager until 2007, when he was replaced by Eric Perpetua. In 2005, it shifted to a modern adult contemporary format. In 2011, Jam gradually shifted to a modern rock format, after the demise of the two defunct rock stations NU 107 and UR 105.9. On September 11, 2012, it was relaunched as The New Jam, launching a few new programs, such as WRXP: Weekend Rock XPerience. Since 2013, the station became the home of playing songs from local and unsigned Filipino independent artists/bands through its supplemental program Fresh Filter. Some indie acts became popular (and eventually rise into mainstream) such as Autotelic, Bullet Dumas, Yolanda Moon and others. The program ended in March 2017 and was replaced by Locals Only, a program similar to Fresh Filter. On October 3, 2022, Jam shifted its timeline, focusing on music from the 1990s and 2000s, with occasional songs from the 2010s to the present. A month prior, most of its programs were axed. Compilation albums Jam Sessions - Radio Live (2004) Jam 88.3's Not Another Christmas Album (2004) The Blend: a Jam-cappella album (Star Music, 2005) Doobie Nights (Independent Music, 2005) UltraelectromagneticJam: The Music of The Eraserheads (Sony Music Philippines, 2005) Not Another Christmas Album (PolyEast Records, 2006) Indiscreet: Fresh Music Exposed (PolyEast Records Philippines, 2010) Fresh Filter: Volume 1: a compilation album on vinyl consisting of 12 songs from different Filipino independent music acts, co-produced by Satchmi. Bigkas Pilipinas on Jam 88.3 (self-released, 2018) Awards 17th KBP Golden Dove Award for BEST FM RADIO STATION (2008) 16th KBP Golden Dove Award for Best Magazine Program Host (Patti, 2007) 16th KBP Golden Dove Award for Best Radio Documentary Program (Audiofiles, 2007) KBP Golden Dove Award for Outstanding Station Produced Radio Commercial (Team Asia Seminar, 2004) KBP Golden Dove Award for Outstanding Station Promotion Material - Radio (Info Jam, 2004) 7th Philippine Web Awards (2004)Best Web Site Media & Entertainment JAM 88.3 your kind of mix www.jam883.fm 8th Philippine Web Awards (2005)Best Web Site Entertainment Jam 88.3- Your Kind of Mix www.jam883.fm	DWJM
The climatic spa (Luftkurort) of Thalfang is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bernkastel-Wittlich district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde of Thalfang am Erbeskopf. Geography Location The municipality lies in the western Hunsrück on the Hunsrückhöhenstraße (“Hunsrück Heights Road”, a scenic road across the Hunsrück built originally as a military road on Hermann Göring’s orders), some 7 km northwest of the Erbeskopf. Thalfang lies roughly 25 km southeast of Wittlich and 25 km east of Trier. Through the municipality flows the Thalfanger Bach. Constituent communities Thalfang’s only outlying Ortsteil is Bäsch. History In 632, Thalfang had its first documentary mention. Beginning in the 12th century, Thalfang belonged to the Mark Dhronecken. On a map of the Archbishopric of Trier from 1645, the village is shown as Thalfinck. Only under French rule was the Mark Dhronecken dissolved, and the Mayoralties (Mairies) of Talling and Thalfang came into being. To the Mayoralty of Thalfang also belonged the villages of Bäsch, Burtscheid, Deuselbach, Dhronecken, Etgert, Hilscheid, Immert, Malborn, Rorodt and a place called Röderbach, which was forsaken about 1900. However, only 19 years later, once the Prussians held sway in the region, the Mayoralties of Talling and Thalfang were united into an entity called the Amt of Thalfang. Since 1947, Thalfang has belonged to the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. On 7 June 1969, the Ortsgemeinde of Bäsch was amalgamated with Thalfang. In the years from 1969 to 1972, the Ortsgemeinden of Gräfendhron, Horath, Merschbach, Büdlich, Breit and Heidenburg were grouped together with Thalfang to form the Verbandsgemeinde of Thalfang am Erbeskopf. Among other historical events it might be noted that Erich Honecker, later the East German leader, worked as a roofer in the 1920s during the construction of what was then to be the new town hall. Politics Municipal council The council is made up of 16 council members, who were elected by proportional representation at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman. The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results: Coat of arms The municipality's arms might be described thus: Argent a cross abased and to dexter gules, surmounting the centre of which two salmon addorsed of the field between four crosses Or, in sinister chief, an arched church gateway with gates closed sable. The red cross on the silver field refers to the former allegiance to the Electorate of Trier. The two salmon among the four golden crosses are drawn from the arms formerly borne by the Counts of Salm (Salm means “salmon” in German). They refer to Count Ernst, the only one of the Waldgraves and Rhinegraves from this family who is buried at the graveyard in Thalfang; the salmon motif is also carved into his gravestone. The Rost (“grille”), the way into the churchyard, stands as a symbol for the oldest building in Thalfang. Economy and infrastructure Established businesses Thalfang is headquarters to the Hochwald Nahrungsmittel-Werke (“foodworks”), the biggest commercial enterprise in the Trier region and one of Germany's biggest dairy businesses. Transport Thalfang lies on the Hunsrückhöhenstraße between Hermeskeil and Morbach. Tourism The idyllic location and the proximity to tourist destinations such as the Moselle, Trier and the Erbeskopf, as well as the relatively short distance to Luxembourg and France, make Thalfang a popular holiday destination. Famous people Sons and daughters of the town Thalfang's foremost son is the rabbi and philosopher Samuel Hirsch (1815-1889). The German engineer and chemist Wilhelm Kathol died in Thalfang in 1944.	Thalfang
Bolgatanga Municipal District is one of the fifteen districts in Upper East Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly in 1988 when it was known as Bolgatanga District; which was established by Legislative Instrument (L.I.) 1438, until the southeast part of the district was split off by a decree of president John Agyekum Kufuor in August 2004 to create Talensi-Nabdam District; thus the remaining part was elevated to municipal district assembly status on the same year to become Bolgatanga Municipal District, which was established by Legislative Instrument (L.I.) 1797. However, on 15 March 2018, the eastern part of the district was later split off to create Bolgatanga East District, which was established by Legislative Instrument (L.I.) 2321; thus the remaining part has been retained as Bolgatanga Municipal District. The municipality is located in the central part of Upper East Region and has Bolgatanga as its capital town, which also serves as the capital of the Upper East Region. Climate The climate is tropical with a rainy season from May to October and a dry season with virtually no rainfall from November to April. Temperatures range between a maximum of 40 degrees in March / April and at least 12 °C in December. The natural vegetation of the district consists of tree savanna, with baobab, and acacia trees. The low vegetation is burned by fire during the dry season or dried by the sun. Demographics The inhabitants of the district belong predominantly to different peoples of Northern Ghana. The town of Bolgatanga, however, has a cosmopolitan character. Here are mixed not only different peoples of the north, but also members of the major ethnic groups including the Grune, Sisala, and Kanjegah peoples, as well as the Hausa and Mossi. Economy The majority of the population in the 1990s lived, in spite of the urban structure of the district, from agriculture, 19% commercial, 12% industry, mainly handicrafts, and just 7.4% were employed in public services. There are some jobs in the mining and construction and in the form of some metal-working companies, repair shops, painting companies etc. but these represent a very small minority. Villages The capital in the district is Bolgatanga. Some towns and villages in the district include: Yorogo Tindonsobulugu Tindonmolgo Daporetindongo Yarigabisi Zuarungu Dachio Gambibigo-Azuabisi Kumbosigo Sherigu Dorungu-Agobgabis Pobaga Atulbabisi Tanzui Kumbangre Bolga-Soe Bukere Sokabisi Yikine Sumbrungu Zaare Sources GhanaDistricts.com Bolgatanga Municipality	Bolgatanga Municipal District
Batman: The Animated Series is an American television series produced by Warner Bros. Animation based on the DC Comics superhero Batman. Originally, 85 episodes aired on Fox from 1992 to 1995. A further 24 episodes were aired under the title The New Batman Adventures after the show moved to The WB. Both series have since aired together on various other networks, including Cartoon Network, Boomerang, Jetix, and The Hub. Each episode is a TV half-hour (22 minutes plus commercials). Series overview Episodes Note: This article lists the episodes in their DVD release order, rather than by their original air dates, because the original air dates severely differed from production order. Season 1 (1992–1993) 65 episodes were produced for Season 1 because it is the minimum number of episodes necessary for a TV series to be successfully syndicated. 60 episodes were initially aired during the 1992–1993 television season from September 1992 to May 1993. The final five episodes of Season 1 were held back until September 17, 1993. Episodes 1 to 28 were released on DVD in the Batman: The Animated Series Volume One set, episodes 29 to 56 in the Volume Two set, and episodes 57 to 85 in the Volume Three set. Season 2 (1994–1995) Due to the show's success, the Fox network executives ordered a second season of 20 more episodes while the 65 episodes of the first season were still airing. Season 2 featured Robin more prominently; eleven of the 20 episodes were given the onscreen title The Adventures of Batman & Robin. After airing five of the 20 episodes in May 1994, the network reduced the series to airing only weekly on Saturday mornings. Ten more episodes were broadcast in this format in September–November 1994 under the Adventures of Batman & Robin title. Once these fifteen episodes had premiered (the final five were held back until September 1995), the weekday slot was restored to include reruns of the entire series. All previous episodes were shown under the new title for all remaining airings on Fox, as well as several VHS releases. The entirety of Season 2 was released on DVD as part of the Batman: The Animated Series Volume Three set alongside the final nine episodes of Season 1. Season 3 (1997–1999) Three years after the second season of Batman: The Animated Series ended production, the show was moved from Fox to The WB, which was airing and producing Superman: The Animated Series. These shows were merged into an hour-long segment called The New Batman/Superman Adventures. The WB wanted more episodes of Batman, so 24 new episodes were produced featuring a format that focused more on Batman's supporting cast. In addition to the network's demands, the producers decided to make the show match the graphic style of Superman, so all the characters were redesigned to use fewer lines, usually referred to by the fans and creative staff as the "revamp" (or alternately, the "new look"). Later, a similar graphic style was used with further shows and films in the DC Animated Universe. The entire series was released on DVD as Batman: The Animated Series Volume Four (From The New Batman Adventures). Crossovers Superman: The Animated Series Static Shock See also Batman: Mask of the Phantasm Batman & Mr. Freeze: SubZero Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker Batman: Mystery of the Batwoman	List of Batman: The Animated Series episodes
The western crowned pigeon (Goura cristata), also known as the common crowned pigeon or blue crowned pigeon, is a large, blue-grey pigeon with blue lacy crests over the head and dark blue mask feathers around its eyes. Both sexes are almost similar but males are often larger than females. It is on average 70 cm (28 in) long and weighs 2.1 kg (4.6 lbs). Along with its close and very similar-looking relatives the Victoria crowned pigeon, Sclater's crowned pigeon, and Scheepmaker's crowned pigeon, it is one of the largest members of the pigeon family. The western crowned pigeon is found in and is endemic to the lowland rainforests of northwestern New Guinea; the other species of crowned pigeon inhabit different regions of the island. The diet consists mainly of fruits and seeds. Hunted for food and its plumes, it remains common only in remote areas. Due to ongoing habitat loss, limited range and overhunting in some areas, the western crowned pigeon is evaluated as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed in Appendix II of CITES. The western crowned pigeon was first described by the German naturalist Peter Simon Pallas in 1764 and given the binomial name Columba cristata. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2018 found that the western crowned pigeon was most closely related to Sclater's crowned pigeon (Goura sclaterii). In culture The western crowned pigeon is the official provincial bird of West Papua, and it appears on its coat of arms. The video game spin-off Angry Birds Stella has a western crowned pigeon named Willow, who wears a striped hat to conceal her crest. Gallery	Western crowned pigeon
Milton Hugh Hamilton Jr. (September 8, 1932 – September 5, 2008) was an American politician who served in both houses of the Tennessee General Assembly and was majority leader of the Tennessee State Senate and Tennessee Commissioner of Environment and Conservation. Early life Hamilton was born in Obion County, Tennessee, in 1932. He was educated in the Obion County public schools. He attended Memphis State University (now the University of Memphis) and was graduated with the B.A. degree from Murray State University, where he participated in the ROTC program, in 1955. He immediately afterward fulfilled his commitment to the United States Army, spending two years on active duty as a second lieutenant before being honorably discharged in 1957, although he remained in the Tennessee Army National Guard until 1977. Early career Hamilton's first elected office was service on the Union City, Tennessee Board of Education. In 1964, he was elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives, where his father had previously served, as a Democrat. Hamilton served two terms in the State House. State senator In 1968, Hamilton was elected to the Tennessee Senate from District 24, representing much of the northern part of West Tennessee. He served in an increasingly important series of positions on committees and in party leadership posts, culminating with his selection as majority leader in 1977, a position which he was to hold for 10 years. In 1987, a rebellion within the Democratic Caucus began over the largely conservative leadership and style of Senate Speaker and Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee John S. Wilder, a close Hamilton friend and ally, which resulted in the nomination by the Democrats in the 1987 organizational session of the legislature of Riley Darnell of Clarksville, Tennessee, for Lieutenant Governor and Speaker. However, Hamilton led a faction of eight other Democratic senators who remained loyal to Wilder, and along with unanimous support from the Republican senators, this coalition voted to retain Wilder. The nine dissident Democrats were then dismissed from the Democratic caucus and reorganized as their own group, which they styled the "New Democratic Caucus", with Hamilton as their leader. Hamilton and his allies maintained some positions of leadership in the Senate, with others being filled by Republicans. Hamilton chaired the all-important Calendar Committee, and remained on other influential committees, most notably Ways and Means. While in the state senate Hamilton was very active in the National Conference of State Legislatures. He was also very active in the state's conservation efforts with regard to Reelfoot Lake, which was located in his district and served as an important source of tourism as well as an important aquatic and wildlife resource. In 1994 Republican Don Sundquist was elected governor of Tennessee and the Republican representation in the state senate increased to 15, just two short of a majority. On September 15, 1995, Hamilton and another Democratic senator who had also been a traditional Wilder ally made the decision to switch parties, giving the Republicans their first majority in the Tennessee Senate since Reconstruction, and Hamilton again became majority leader, although now of the other party. However, the Republican majority was short-lived as Hamilton did not choose to run for reelection in 1996, and the senate reverted to Democratic control. Commissioner In 1997, shortly after his state senate term ended, Sundquist named Hamilton to his Cabinet as Commissioner of Environment and Conservation. Hamilton seemed to relish this position, serving until the end of the Sundquist Administration in January 2003. Hamilton implemented a system of user fees at many state parks to help offset their operating expenses; this program was frozen upon the inauguration of Phil Bredesen as governor. Personal life Hamilton was a Methodist. He was married to the former Dale White. The couple had three children, and five grandchildren. Both Hamiltons were members of several fraternal and service organizations, including the American Legion, the Masons, the Knights Templar, the Shriners, and the Obion County Chamber of Commerce. He also served on the board of trustees of the Southern College of Optometry. Hamilton died on September 5, 2008, in Nashville after a long illness.	Milton H. Hamilton Jr.
No Nose Job: The Legend of Digital Underground is the first compilation album from the rap group, Digital Underground. It features several of their songs, such as "Same Song" and "The Humpty Dance". Track listing "The Humpty Dance" "Freaks Of The Industry" "Doowutchyalike" "Same Song" "The Way We Swing" "Packet Man" "Dope-A-Delic (Do-U-B-Leeve-In-D-Flo)" "No Nose Job (ultafunk Remix)" "Kiss You Back" "The Return Of The Crazy One" "Wussup With The Love" "Carry The Way (Along Time)" "Flowin' On The D Line" "Doo Woo You" 2001 compilation albums Digital Underground albums Tupac Shakur	No Nose Job: The Legend of Digital Underground
Venus Bay is a wide bay and a township on that bay on the east coast of Victoria, Australia. At the Venus Bay had a population of 944. The name Venus Bay was given to the bay by a French expedition under Nicholas Baudin. This was apparently after George Bass's trading ship the Venus. (The expedition traded with Bass in Sydney in around 1801.) The town of Venus Bay is situated on a narrow peninsula of land located 180 km south-east of Melbourne. Originally named Evergreen the town takes its name from the body of water on its western shore. On the eastern side of the peninsula is Anderson's Inlet, named after the settler Samuel Anderson. Venus Bay has become a popular holiday retreat for people from Melbourne and is close to other popular South Gippsland tourist spots such as Phillip Island and Wilsons Promontory. The permanent population hovers just below 1,000, however this can swell into the thousands during holiday periods. The town is split into three 'estates'. The First Estate is home to the only shopping strip in Venus Bay, consisting of a general store, pharmacy, surf shop / hair dresser, cafe, take-away shops, real estate agents, caravan park and a restaurant. Three of Venus Bay's five surf beaches (Nos. 1, 2 and 3 beaches) are in the First Estate, with the Venus Bay Surf Livesaving Club located at the No. 1 Beach. This is the only patrolled beach, although during the busy summer period surf patrols regularly make their way up and down the beaches to just beyond No. 5 beach. The Venus Bay Community Centre is also located in the First Estate and runs a variety of programs and activities and is home to the Community Recycling Op Shop. In addition, the Community Centre runs a summer holiday program for kids and organizes the Summer Beach Shuttle Bus. The Second Estate is home to Nos. 4 and 5 beaches as well as the popular fishing jetty on Anderson's Inlet. At the edge of the Second Estate is an elevated viewing platform that allows visitors to look out across Anderson's Inlet and view the many kangaroos that call the quiet eastern shores home. The Third Estate is a sparsely populated and underdeveloped area leading to the tip of the peninsula (Point Smythe). This estate has the Doyle's Road foreshore reserve and the Point Smythe reservation, home to many wandering tracks that lead to secluded beaches on both shores of the peninsula and to the tip at the mouth of Anderson's Inlet. The Tour de Tarwin is held every Easter and is a joint Venus Bay/Tarwin Lower initiative. Whilst it is a cycling event at heart, everyone including walkers are encouraged to participate. In recent years the residents of Venus Bay and nearby Tarwin Lower (5 km closer to Melbourne) have fought off developers seeking to drain the environmental wetlands and set up marina and resort developments. Today the fight appears to be strongly in the favour of the local residents. In 2017, the locals at Venus Bay stated their displeasure over excessive harvesting of the pipi shellfish by daytrippers who came from Melbourne. Some incidents of vandalism were reported from the area. However, the locals urged that the anger was not racially charged, but was a misguided attempt to safeguard the ecological balance of the region by attacking pipi collectors rather than seeking regulatory change from appropriate authorities.	Venus Bay, Victoria
"The Music's No Good Without You" is a song recorded by American singer Cher for her twenty-fourth studio album, Living Proof. It was released in the United Kingdom on November 5, 2001, by WEA, while in the United States, it was released in 2002. The song reached the top 20 in many countries worldwide, expanding Cher's chart success into five decades. Background and composition After releasing her album Believe in 1998 and achieving significant success with its singles, particularly the lead single "Believe", Cher released her compilation, The Greatest Hits in 1999, and later released Not.com.mercial, in 2000, her first album not sold in stores but exclusively online. Later, in 2001, Cher reunited with the UK-rooted production team of Taylor and Brian Rawlings, who helmed the single "Believe" and much of the ensuing album. Cher also collaborated with Rick Nowels, British musician/producer Chicane, and Norwegian team Stargate. Cher described the album, titled Living Proof, as "a record with a notably positive lyrical tone." She further added, "[...] This had subconsciously become an album filled with love and warmth. It was a pleasant surprise, and it's certainly an appropriate time to put some positive energy out into the world." "The Music's No Good Without You" was released as the album's first British single on November 5, 2001. The single was also released as a double A-side single, along with "A Different Kind of Love Song", on August 13, 2002. "The Music's No Good Without You" was written by Cher, James Thomas, Mark Taylor and Paul Barry, while production was done by Taylor, with co-production by Thomas and Jeff Taylor. The song is drenched in hypnotic synth lines and computer-savvy vocal effects. Critical reception The song received mostly mixed reviews from music critics. Kerry L. Smith of AllMusic gave a negative review, writing that, "the lingering sense of loss and longing echoing through on tracks like 'The Music's No Good Without You' suggest that maybe Cher isn't the only one left still waiting for something truly magical to happen on this record." Tony Peregrin of PopMatters called it one of the album's imperfections, "where Cher’s voice has been manipulated to such an extent she sounds like the embodiment of a haunted extra-terrestrial, whatever that is." Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine was more favorable, writing that, "Cher's voice is virtually unrecognizable on the French techno thumper that would have made a brave lead single here in the U.S. as well." Chart performance The song became a top-10 hit in Canada, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and the United Kingdom, while elsewhere, it became either a top-20 or top-40 hit. With a peak of number eight on the UK Singles Chart, Cher became the only female recording artist to have top 10 hits in every decade, beginning in the 1960s (her first top-10 hit was "All I Really Want to Do" in 1965). It was Cher's 12th consecutive and 33rd overall top-40 single in the UK and the last single released until "I Hope You Find It" in 2013. In the United States, the album Living Proof was not released until February 2002, and its lead single was "Song for the Lonely". By the time "The Music's No Good Without You", along with "A Different Kind of Love Song", was released as a single in the United States, Cher was already on tour, which led to a lack of promotion. "The Music's No Good Without You" was exclusively released as a club single in the US only; the song peaked at number 19 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart. Music video The accompanying music video for "The Music's No Good Without You" was directed by Nigel Dick, who had previously directed Cher's music videos for "Believe" and "Strong Enough". It was filmed on October 7–8, 2001, on an elaborate sound stage with a "spaced out" design at Nikken Building, in Irvine, California. The director commented, "Cher is about the only other person I know who knows anything about Gormenghast – and that was my model for this video". The video follows the concept of the lyrics of the song. In the music video Cher is an outer space queen who is sad because her lover has left her. Throughout the whole video she writes a letter claiming that she knows he doesn't need her anymore. In the end she places the letter in an empty bottle and sends it floating into space. It appears that this had not been the first letter that she had sent to him because there are dozens of bottles floating in space. A remix video was made for "The Music's No Good Without You". The remix video was the entitled Almighty Edit and the remix used for the video was the radio edit of the Almighty mix. The video was officially released by Warner Bros. as a promo only. In 2001 the video for "The Music's No Good Without You" was commercially released in the UK on a box set which included the video in PAL format. In the box set the song and three promotional pictures were also included. Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts	The Music's No Good Without You
Tumalo Creek is a tributary, about long, of the Deschutes River, located in Deschutes County in Central Oregon, United States. It rises in the Cascade Range at , where Middle Fork Tumalo Creek and North Fork Tumalo Creek meet, and forms several waterfalls, including the Tumalo Falls. Its mouth is on the Deschutes at . It is home to several species of trout, including the Columbia River redband trout. It is the primary drinking water source for the city of Bend. The lower reaches of the creek are often emptied for irrigation, drained by a tunnel flume at and Tumalo Canal at . In 1883, the first known canal to be dug from the creek was created to divert water to farms. The 1979 Bridge Creek Fire and related salvage logging increased erosion and damaged habitats in and near Tumalo Creek. Since 2003, a network of government agencies and volunteer groups have been working to restore fish and wildlife habitat along a stretch of the stream. See also List of rivers of Oregon	Tumalo Creek
Salus University is a private university in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, specializing in degree programs for the health care professions. History The university's founding college, the Pennsylvania College of Optometry (PCO), which was founded as the Pennsylvania State College of Optometry (PSCO) in 1919, is one of the oldest optometry colleges in North America. The decision to establish the college was reached at an annual conference of the Pennsylvania Optical Society in 1918. PCO was the first school in the U.S. to confer the legislature-approved Doctor of Optometry (OD) degree after its four-year educational program. In 1975, PCO was the first college of optometry to develop a comprehensive, off-campus externship program. Later that year, the college began construction on its main clinical facility, The Eye Institute (TEI), which opened in 1978 to serve as a training site for the school's optometry students and as a community vision care center for the public. At the time of its opening, this was the first interdisciplinary clinical facility at an optometry school centered around patient care with graduate students. Presently, TEI has two locations with the main clinical facility in West Oak Lane and a satellite location in Chestnut Hill. In 2000, PCO became the first school of optometry in the county to offer a Doctor of Audiology (AuD) degree when it received approval by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. By 2003, PCO had created a distance education program for licensed and practicing audiologists called AuD online and was finalizing construction of a new building to be used by students enrolled in the AuD curriculum by their commencement. The Pennsylvania Ear Institute (PEI), the clinical facility of the program, was opened on November 19, 2004, shortly before the school's first class of AuD students would begin their four-year curriculum. As of 2017, Salus alumni comprise more than 23 percent of all audiologists in the U.S. The change in name from PCO to Salus University occurred on July 1, 2008. The name Salus, a Latin word for health and well-being, was unanimously chosen by the university board of trustees as "an expression of the institution's dedication to the preservation of the health and well-being of the communities its graduates serve." At this time, the university's College of Audiology was also renamed to the George S. Osborne College of Audiology (OCA) in the memory of Dr. Osborne who was a key individual in the development of the AuD degree program as well as dean of OCA. Over the years, the university has added programs such as Physician Assistant Studies (PA), Occupational Therapy (OT), Biomedicine and Speech-Language Pathology (SLP). In 2015, the Speech-Language Institute (SLI) opened as the clinical facility for the university's SLP program. The university currently consists of three colleges: Pennsylvania College of Optometry; Osborne College of Audiology; and the College of Health Sciences, Education and Rehabilitation. On June 13 2023, it was announced that Salus would merge into Drexel University pending regulatory and judicial approval. The merger process was expected to take up to a year to complete. Clinical facilities Optometry The Eye Institute (TEI) was established in 1978 in the West Oak Lane section of Philadelphia, and in 2010 completed renovation. In addition to its main West Oak Lane clinical facility, TEI has a satellite location in the Chestnut Hill section of Philadelphia. Audiology Established in 2004, Pennsylvania Ear Institute (PEI) is located at the school’s Elkins Park campus in Pennsylvania and serves as a clinical site for Doctor of Audiology (AuD) students enrolled in the Osborne College of Audiology (OCA). Speech-Language Pathology The Speech-Language Institute (SLI) is the clinical facility for students enrolled in the University's Speech-Language Pathology (SLP) master's degree program. The Institute opened in July 2015 at the University's main campus in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania. Occupational Therapy The Occupational Therapy Institute (OTI) was opened Spring 2021 in West Oak Lane in Philadelphia, within The Eye Institute of Salus University. It is a clinical facility for students enrolled in the University's Occupational Therapy (OT) master's degree program.	Salus University
The Big Green is a 1995 American family sports comedy film by Walt Disney Pictures starring Olivia d'Abo and Steve Guttenberg, written and directed by Holly Goldberg Sloan. It also stars Bug Hall, Chauncey Leopardi, and Patrick Renna. The film is about the antics of a soccer team consisting of a misfit group of small town Texas kids who are coached by a teacher from England. Plot Anna Montgomery, a teacher who is on an exchange program from Surrey, England, is placed into a school in the fictional small town of Elma, Texas. She initially struggles to connect with her students, as they believe they are underachievers doomed to dead end lives. One day, instead of teaching geography to the inattentive class, Anna breaks the globe in an attempt to pique the kids' interest. After some confusion, the children start learning the game of soccer. After the first practice, Anna tells them she has entered them into a league in Austin, Texas, but their first game is the following day. The town Sheriff's Deputy Tom Palmer becomes co-coach while at the same time begins falling for Anna. The team travels to Austin to play the Knights, who are the top team in the league. However, none of the kids fully understand how to play, and they lose 18–0. They decide not to play anymore, until they discover the talent of new classmate Juan Morales, but have to persuade his reluctant mother to let him play. The team, now known as the Big Green, steadily improves with Juan, and they go on a remarkable run with a record of eight wins, two losses, and one tie, which earns them a re-match against the Knights in the championship. As the town goes crazy for the final, hometown boy and current Knights coach Jay Huffer returns to Elma, and finds in the bar the drunken and prejudiced father of Kate Douglas, one of the players. He tells Jay, who works as an auditor for the IRS, via bribery that Juan's mother is an illegal immigrant. Later, Tom is forced to investigate the matter, forcing Juan and his mother to flee Elma. Kate is left furious with both her father and Tom over the situation, but Anna convinces her to stay on the team. On the day of the championship, Tom searches for Juan, but is unable to find him before the start of the match, and by halftime the team is down 2–0. With 10 minutes left in the game, Juan arrives with Tom and his mother, where Tom announces he is now the sponsor for Juan's mother, meaning they can stay in the country. Juan enters the game and sets up Elma's first goal, and with the last kick of the match, scores the equalizer to tie the game, 2-2, forcing the championship to be decided in a penalty shootout. In the final round with the score still tied, the Knights captain and son of the coach, Jay Huffer Jr., steps onto the field. The Big Green goalie Larry Musgrove, who suffers from visions of the opposition players becoming "monsters," manages to turn himself into a monster in his own fantasy, in order to psych out the opponent and save the kick. The final kick for the championship is taken by the Big Green's smallest and youngest player, Newt Shaw. He scores on his kick, giving the Big Green the championship. Huffer, having made a bet with Anna if his Knights were to lose, kisses the Big Green's goat mascot, much to his disgust. The final scene shows a new billboard in Elma, featuring the team and highlighting their success on the field and in the classroom. Cast Patrick Renna as Larry Musgrove Steve Guttenberg as Deputy Sheriff Tom Palmer Jay O. Sanders as Coach Jay Huffer John Terry as Edwin V. Douglas Chauncey Leopardi as Evan Schiff Olivia d'Abo as Miss Anna Montgomery Billy L. Sullivan as Jeffrey Luttrell Yareli Arizmendi as Marbelly Morales Bug Hall as Newt Shaw Jessica Robertson as Kate Douglas Jordan Brower as Nick Anderssen Libby Villari as Brenda Neilson Anthony Esquivel as Juan Morales Hayley Kolb as Sophia Convertino Haley Miller as Polly Neilson Ashley Welch as Lou Gates Ariel Welch as Sue Gates Jimmy Higa as Tak Yamato Gil Glasgow as Cookie Musgrove Production The movie was shot near and around Austin, Texas in Autumn of 1994. Reception Box office It was released in U.S. theaters on September 27, 1995, taking in $4,688,285 on its opening Wednesday. The total box office revenue for the movie was $17,725,500. The film went on to sell over five million units on video when it was released on January 31, 1996. Stephen Holden gave it a favorable review in The New York Times: "Most of the movie's charm lies in its portrayal of the children as an adorable, if exasperating, multicultural version of Our Gang." The Dove Foundation in their review wrote: "Written by the same screenwriter who wrote ANGELS IN THE OUTFIELD, THE BIG GREEN develops its fun and excitement without resorting to crude humor, sex or obscene language. THE BIG GREEN is a feel good movie and it is encouraging to see such a quality film make its appearance in lieu of the usual degenerate fare so prevalent today." In a generally favorable review, John Anderson in the Los Angeles Times described the film as a "puckless Mighty Ducks" and described the young characters as an "endearing group". Common Sense Media gave The Big Green 3 out of 5 stars, listing it as the third best soccer film made for kids. Home media The film was released on VHS and LaserDisc on January 31, 1996, in DVD on May 4, 2004 and also in Blu-Ray on July 13, 2021. It is also included on Disney's streaming service, Disney+. See also List of association football films	The Big Green
Vaiava Strait (Samoan: Vāinuu o Vaiava) is a narrow strait in Vatia, American Samoa which separates the Pola Island (Cock's Comb) from Polauta Ridge on adjacent Tutuila Island. The strait is a good example of cliffs formed by the erosional forces of waves on volcanic rock. The lands surrounding the strait are held communally. A area surrounding the strait was designated a U.S. National Natural Landmark in 1972. Pola-Uta is connected to the village of Vatia on Tutuila Island. Pola Tai is a cliff that is an important nesting area for the fua'ō (brown booby) and tava'e (white tailored tropic bird). Hunting of brown boobies, known as the A'ega o le Pola, was a tradition carried out by Vatians in the past. Pola Tai includes Matalia Point, Cockscomb Point and Polauta Ridge. It is located on the north coast of Tutuila Island, on the northwestern side of the village of Vatia. It is a designated National Natural Landmark, but also a part of the National Park of American Samoa. Erosion by the sea has sculpted deep cliffs and sea arches in the rocks of a huge volcanic plug (Pola Island). The cliffs and rock top are important nesting and resting areas for several seabird species. Gallery See also List of National Natural Landmarks in American Samoa	Vaiʻava Strait
Ka with vertical stroke (Ҝ ҝ; italics: Ҝ ҝ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. Its form is derived from the Cyrillic letter Ka (К к) by the addition of a stroke through the short horizontal bar in the centre of the letter. Ka with vertical stroke is used in the Azerbaijani language, where it represents the voiced palatal plosive , similar to the pronunciation of in "angular". The corresponding letter in the Latin alphabet is , and the name of the letter is ge (ҝе, ). Computing codes See also Cyrillic characters in Unicode Cyrillic letters with diacritics Letters with stroke	Ka with vertical stroke
Rethinking Marxism is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering Marxist analyses of economics, culture, and society. It was established in 1988 and has been published by Routledge since 2003 on behalf of the Association for Economic and Social Analysis. The editors-in-chief are Yahya M. Madra and Vincent Lyon-Callo. History Founded mainly by the professors and graduate students of the Department of Economics at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, the first issue of Rethinking Marxism appeared in 1988, just before the dissolution of the Soviet Union began. The journal quickly became an influential academic platform for Althusserian Marxism in the North American context. Even though the journal was launched by a group of economists (among others, Stephen Resnick, Richard D. Wolff, Jack Amariglio, David Ruccio) and continues to regularly publish articles in the various sub-fields of Marxist economics, such as the labor theory of value, class analysis, and crisis theory, Rethinking Marxism does not have an exclusive economics focus. It is a journal of Marxist theory that makes it a point to rethink and develop Marxist analyses of capitalism, imperialism and alternatives to capitalism. Rethinking Marxism is also known for its sustained efforts to showcase contemporary art practices. Each issue of the journal presents an original work by a contemporary artist (e.g., Martha Rosler, Mark Lombardi, Michael Rakowitz, Thomas Hirschhorn, Chto Delat). From 1989 to 1998, the editor of the journal was Jack Amariglio. From 1998 to 2010, David Ruccio served as editor. He was succeeded by S. Charusheela (2010–2013), Who was then followed by Marcus E. Green and Serap Kayatekin (2013–2019). The current editors of the journal are Yahya M. Madra and Vincent Lyon-Callo. Abstracting and indexing This journal is abstracted and indexed in the following databases: America: History and Life CSA Worldwide Political Science Abstracts International Bibliography of the Social Sciences VINITI Database RAS Scopus SocINDEX	Rethinking Marxism
River Valley is a planning area located within the Central Area of the Central Region of Singapore. The planning area shares boundaries with Orchard in the north, Museum in the east, Tanglin in the west and Singapore River in the south. Etymology In the 1840s, there were two River Valley roads that ran on either side of the Singapore River. The Singapore River was seen as a valley between Fort Canning Hill, to the north side of the river, and Pearl's Hill, to the south side of the river. The roads on either bank of the Singapore River were named River Valley Road — the current River Valley Road and Havelock Road. Both these River Valley roads were present in John Turnbull Thomson's 1844 map. History Adjoining the area around the Singapore River and on high ground, River Valley naturally attracted wealthy Europeans and Chinese merchants who wanted to move away from the crowded town centre and began building their homes in the countryside up river in the 1830s. One of the first residents to move into the River Valley district was Dr Thomas Oxley, the new colony's surgeon. In 1827, he bought land here from the East India Company and established Killiney Estate as a nutmeg plantation. He had Killiney House built as his residence, named after the hill and village near his Dublin birthplace. The road nearby was named Oxley Road after the surgeon. When the plantation closed, he sold the land in several lots. River Valley Road was once part of Dr Oxley's estate before being divided up in the 1850s. Killiney House was a grand villa built on land behind the eventual site of the Chesed-El Synagogue. This house was subsequently bought by Manasseh Meyer who renamed it Belle Vue and lived in it with his family. It was demolished in 1982. The Pavilion was another villa built by Thomas Oxley on his estate. When Raffles House was demolished to make way for a fort at Fort Canning in 1859, Government House was moved to the Pavilion. The Pavilion was also the residence of Catchick Moses, the founder of the Straits Times. This house was bought by Manasseh Meyer in 1918. River Valley was especially popular with the Straits Chinese who also built villas in the area. Among the wealthy who had homes here was Tan Jiak Kim, the grandson of Tan Kim Seng, who built himself a mansion in the 1860s and named it Panglima Prang. He also paid for the construction of the road that came to be named after him — Kim Seng Road. Another wealthy merchant who lived in the area was Lee Cheng Yan, a Malacca-born Chinese merchant whose mansion built in the 1870s was named Magenta Cottage. The road Cheng Yan Place is named after him. Most of the big mansions along River Valley have since been demolished. The one surviving villa is the traditional Chinese house built by a wealthy merchant, Tan Yeok Nee, in 1885. This house, House of Tan Yeok Nee, is now a national monument. There is another interesting landmark along River Valley Road known as Nanyang Sacred Union (南洋圣教总会), which was established in 1914, is the first Confucian Association in Singapore. Kal alei, meaning "stone crusher", is the name given by the Tamils to River Valley Road, from the steam crusher which was once kept at the corner of Tank Road and River Valley Road. The Chinese have two other interpretations — ong ke sua kha in Hokkien, meaning "foot of Fort Canning Hill", or leng thau che, meaning "dragon's head well" or "the fountain by the side of the ice works". The latter interpretation could refer to the spring on the hill and the waterfall from it. The ice works belonged to Hoo Ah Kay (circa 1816-1881), which were demolished in 1981. Features The residential areas within River Valley consist mainly of private property for high income sections of the population such as The Avenir and Irwell Hill Residences. River Valley is also a popular eating spot for Singaporeans. A famous local eating place here is a Hainanese chicken rice shop named Boon Tong Kee. There was also a well-known eatery selling Nasi Padang, appropriately named "River Valley Nasi Padang", which ceased business in March 2014. There is a 24hours medium sized supermarket, NTUC, along Killiney Road. Education Elementary education in the area is provided by the River Valley Primary School. In media Victor R Savage, Brenda S A Yeoh (2003), Toponymics - A Study of Singapore Street Names, Eastern Universities Press, Lee Geok Boi (2002), The Religious Monuments of Singapore, Landmark Books,	River Valley, Singapore
Haumai () is the concept of self-centeredness (egoism) in Sikhism which hinder humanity's spiritual development and cultivation. Etymology It is a combination of the words Hau (ਹਉ) meaning "I" and Mai (ਮੈ) meaning "me". Description This concept was taught by Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, as the source of five evils: lust, covetousness, wrath, pride and attachment. According to the Sikh gurus' teachings, it is Haumai that leads to endless cycles of transmigration (rebirth; samsara), and makes a person "manmukh". They state that one must turn away from Haumai, become a "gurmukh" and follow the path of the Guru to receive God's grace. In Sikhism, the Haumai can only be overcome through meditation on God’s name (Naam), Simran and Sewa. The opposite of Haumai is humility (or Nimrata), which is considered a virtue in Sikhism. Selfless service called Seva, and complete submission to Waheguru (God), is the Sikh path to liberation. Related concepts The concept of destructive self-centeredness and covetous attachment, similar to Haumai in Sikhism, is important in other Indian religions. In Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism, it is referred to as "Ahankar (अहङ्कार), Ahammana (अहम्मान), Ahammati (अहम्मति), Mamatta (ममता) and Maminkāra. Difference with Ahankar The Sikh gurus make a distinction between Haumai and Ahankar'' in their hymns. Haumai is differentiated from Ahankaar as the latter is a product of the former. Haumai is placing trust in oneself rather than having faith in God. According James D. Holt, the difference is as follows: "Haumai is to do with the nature of a person's existence and their place within that, while ahankar is to explore a person's view of their own importance." See also Guru Granth Sahib	Haumai
The Fairfield City School District is a public school district in Butler County, Ohio, United States. It encompasses most of the city of Fairfield and most of Fairfield Township, as well as small parts of the city of Hamilton. It has a student population of approximately 10,000. Schools Fairfield City Schools runs 10 schools, ranging from kindergarten through 12th grades. The six elementary schools are separated by geographic delineations. The Middle schools each draw their students from 3 of the elementary schools. Creekside gets students in the geographic districts of South, West and Central Elementaries; Crossroads gets students in the geographic districts of East, North and Compass. The Freshman and High schools draw their students from the entire district. The School District closed their dedicated Kindergarten Center after the 2010-2011 school year. The District moved these classes to 2 of their 6 Elementary Schools. The District has changed their schools around over the years and this is expressed in the chart below: Fairfield also operates an alternate education academy for students in High School. This academy is located in the former district office building on Donald Drive in the parking lot of Fairfield Crossroads Middle School. Fairfield Academy as it is now known is a joint venture between Fairfield and Butler Tech. The Options Academy as it was dubbed in its early days was located in "Trailer Row" in the parking lot of Fairfield Creekside Middle School prior to a fire that destroyed it in the winter of 2013. The former Kindergarten Center located on Bach lane was renovated prior to the 13-14 school year and became the district office. In May 2014 the district got approval from the state and the county voters to begin work on an 80 million dollar project to improve the schools. This plan included the building of a new elementary school across from the high school, changing all the elementary schools to go to 5th grade instead of 4th, converting Fairfield Crossroads Middle School into 6-8th grades, converting Fairfield Creekside Middle School into 6-8th grades, building of a new Central Elementary School in the back parking lot of the old Central and the building of a Freshman High School on the Campus of the Senior High School. This project received $19 million from the state and the rest be funded by a 38-year tax bond of $61 million. Athletics The Fairfield City School District Athletic Department offers 22 different sports and is a member of the Greater Miami Conference. From its early days up to the 1960s were known as the "Farmers" a play on the local ties to farming. By the mid 1960s the District adopted the official nickname "The Indians" and have remained so ever since. Through both nicknames the colours has stayed Red, White and Blue as with its rivals Hamilton CSD. With these colors used by both Districts, Fairfield uses Red, White and Black as the primary uniform colors with Blue only being used as a detail color. LCpl Taylor B. Prazynski Field at Fairfield Stadium LCpl Taylor B. Prazynski Field at Fairfield Stadium sits on the site of all of former Fairfield football fields. The original field built on the site "Farmer Field" saw its first use in the late 40s and was a flat grass field used for all of the district's outdoor sports. It was not until the early 60s that proper stands were built on what was then the home side of the stadium, and it got its first official name, "Fairfield Field". Fairfield Field has seen extensive renovations since the 1974 football season. In the mid 70s the original running track was built around the field and the double row wooden visitor's bleachers were demolished. By 1977 the new home bleachers and locker room were built on the former visitor sideline and the next season the current scoreboard was erected. Since the early 80s the stadium has remained mostly unchanged except for additional concessions stands added in 1993, 2001, and 2010, new track surface in 2011 and Field Turf in 2012. It was renamed in 2006 for former Fairfield Football Player LCpl Taylor B. Prazynski, KIA May 5, 2005, Al Karmah Provence, Iraq. It was announced in late 2014 that the stadium would undergo a 2.5 million dollar renovations to build new stands on both sidelines, a new press box, replace the 4 year old turf, and build a new locker building. The improvements were an attempt to repair Fairfield's Football Programs image after for the last 6 seasons opponents has to use Crossroads Middle School gym to get ready for games. Christy Dennis Soccer Stadium The Christy Dennis Soccer Stadium located next door was built in the late 1990s to allow the football stadium to remain football only and has recently been renovated to include a 5 row grandstand and a gazebo. The stadium is named for former Fairfield Soccer player Christy Dennis. The Annex Fairfield also operates a small athletic annex or known as the swamp by students in the field behind Creekside Middle School. The annex is home to Both Nuxhall Baseball and Nuxhall Softball fields both built in the early 2000s.	Fairfield City School District
The Prince's Club was a socially exclusive gentlemen's multisports club in London, England. The original 'Prince's Club' was founded in 1853 in Chelsea by George and James Prince and its main sports were rackets and real tennis. Cricket, croquet and lawn tennis were also played. After most of its ground was lost to building developments it closed in 1887. Its successor, the 'New Prince's Club', located in Knightsbridge, opened in 1888 and kept its focus on rackets and real tennis, but no longer had any outdoor sports. In 1896 the Prince's Skating Club was opened. The Prince's Club was in operation until the 1940s. Original Prince's Club The original "Prince's Club" was founded in 1853 by George and James Prince, owners of a wine and cigar shop in Regent Street, and it opened in 1854. Located on Henry Holland's Pavilion estate, between the current Lennox Gardens, Cadogan Square and Hans Place, an area covering about 13 acres, it was originally a members-only gentlemen's rackets and real tennis club. Gentlemen wishing to join the club had to be proposed and seconded by two of its members. The members were allowed to introduce two friends, who were charged double the rate if they played. Another club rule stated that "no hazard, dice, or game of chance be allowed in this Club". In 1864 the club was incorporated as Prince's Racquets & Tennis Club Company Ltd. The club's main rackets court, which became known as the Prince's Match Court, set the standard dimensions (60 x 30 ft) and was the location of the most important matches of the time. Another six rackets courts were later added around the main court with varying sizes, some built wider for doubles matches. The University racket matches between Oxford and Cambridge were held at the club from 1858 onwards and an annual competition for the Public Schools Championship was added in 1868 with Eton, Harrow, Cheltenham and Charterhouse competing in the first edition. In 1871 the Prince's Cricket Ground was added, laid out on the site of Cattleugh's nursery gardens, as well as a croquet lawn, followed by lawn tennis and lastly a roller-skating rink which was used in the winter for ice skating. The cricket ground was used by the Middlesex County Cricket Club for their first-class cricket matches between 1872 and 1876 before moving to Lord's. The cricket ground was also used by South of England and Gentlemen of the South. Several Gentlemen v Players fixtures were played there, the first taking place in 1873. In 1878 the touring Australian team played two matches on the ground. The club's heyday was in the early 1870s; it had over 1,000 members in 1873. The Prince's Club was one of the earliest lawn tennis locations after the sport was introduced in the mid-1870s. The club had two lawn tennis courts and organised open and handicap events. When the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), in its capacity as the governing body for rackets and real tennis, issued the first unified rules for lawn tennis on 29 May 1875 they were not universally adhered to and the Prince's Club, among others, stuck to playing on rectangular courts instead of the prescribed hourglass-shaped courts. It held an open tournament in 1881 which leading players Ernest Renshaw, William Renshaw and Herbert Lawford competed. William Renshaw won the tournament while his brother Ernest won the handicap event. The following year, 1882, Ernest Renshaw won the open tournament. From 1881 through 1883 the club was the location of the varsity lawn tennis matches. On 31 July 1883 a match was played at Prince's between the Liberal government and the Conservative opposition, including Lord George Hamilton, Arthur Balfour and Herbert Gladstone, which ended in two-all. Since the second half of the 1870s areas of the club's ground were gradually repurposed for building activities, enabled by 'The Cadogan and Hans Place Improvement Act of 1874'. A road was built on the southern part of the ground in the winter of 1876–1877. Part of the northern ground at Hans Road was lost in 1877 and the two lawn tennis courts had to be relocated. In the winter of 1877–1878 additional parts of the ground were used for building projects. In the summer of 1886 only the main rackets court and one of the tennis courts were left, and when its lease expired and its last buildings were demolished in the fall of 1886 the club closed in 1887. New Prince's Club The "New Prince's Club", officially named the "Prince's Racquet and Tennis Club", was a socially exclusive club and sports centre for the upper ten. It opened in 1888 in Knightsbridge in the former Humphreys' Hall mansions which had been extensively reconstructed after a fire in May 1885. The Prince's Club title had been obtained from the Prince brothers. The official opening took place on 18 May 1889 and was performed by Albert Edward, the Prince of Wales who was received by Sir William Hart Dyke, the president of the club. To mark the occasion an exhibition real tennis match was played between Alfred Lyttelton and Charles Saunders. The club had two rackets and two real tennis courts but no longer provided any outdoor sports facilities. The new club also had two bowling alleys and several baths, including a Turkish bath and a private bath for the Prince of Wales. The University racket matches as well as the Public Schools Championships moved to the newly created Queen's Club which took over the role of premier rackets facility from the Prince's Club. Prince's did introduce a rackets competition between officers of the Royal Navy and the Royal Marines which was played from 1919 onward. Many real tennis championship challenges were played at Prince's, Pierre Etchebaster won the world championship here from Fred Covey in 1928, having failed to do so in 1927. Notable real tennis professionals at Prince's include Henry Johns from c. 1926 to 1935. Prince's Skating Club In November 1896 at nearby Montpelier Square the Prince's Skating Club was founded, which hosted Prince's Ice Hockey Club. In March 1900, the rink hosted the first Ice Hockey Varsity Match, won 7–6 by Oxford. The skating club was sold in 1903 to the Duchess of Bedford. The ice rink was the location of the figure skating events of the 1908 Summer Olympics held in October that year. From the beginning of the 20th century the club hosted of a number of exhibitions and bazaars. On 13–25 May 1909 it was the venue of the 'Women's Exhibition', a fundraising event organised by the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) in support of the suffragette movement. The ice rink closed in 1917. Prince's Club during Second World War The Prince's Club ceased its activities during World War II when the clubhouse was requisitioned by the War Office. In mid-1940 after the Fall of France the Prince's Club became No 1 Army Postal Distribution Centre (No 1 APDC) run by the Royal Engineers (Postal Section) it was one of six Army Postal Distribution Centres established in Bristol, Shrewsbury, Leeds, Edinburgh and Belfast to provide a secure means of circulating mail for the 'Home Forces' organisation. The Home Postal Depot, Royal Engineers moved from Sutton Coldfield to take over the premises in 1948 and remained its occupiers until the building was torn down ca. 1952 to make way for the Mercury House flats. Notes	Prince's Club
The Alba-Golden Independent School District is a school district serving southeastern Rains and western Wood counties in eastern Texas (USA). The district serves the towns of Alba and Golden. It is a AA school. Its mascot is the panther. Finances As of the 2010–2011 school year, the appraised valuation of property in the district was $234,719,000. The maintenance tax rate was $0.104 and the bond tax rate was $0.004 per $100 of appraised valuation. Academic achievement In 2011, the school district was rated "recognized" by the Texas Education Agency. Thirty-five percent of districts in Texas in 2011 received the same rating. No state accountability ratings will be given to districts in 2012. A school district in Texas can receive one of four possible rankings from the Texas Education Agency: Exemplary (the highest possible ranking), Recognized, Academically Acceptable, and Academically Unacceptable (the lowest possible ranking). Historical district TEA accountability ratings 2011: Recognized 2010: Academically Acceptable 2009: Recognized 2008: Academically Acceptable 2007: Recognized 2006: Recognized 2005: Academically Acceptable 2004: Recognized Campuses In the 2011–2012 school year, the district had students in three schools. Regular instructional Alba-Golden High School (Grades 6–12) Alba-Golden Elementary School (Grades PK-5) DAEP instructional Alternative School (Grades 7–12) See also List of school districts in Texas List of high schools in Texas	Alba-Golden Independent School District
The Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series is an award given by the Screen Actors Guild to honor the finest acting achievements in dramatic television. Winners and nominees 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s Superlatives Trivia Multiple winners 3 wins James Gandolfini Jason Bateman 2 wins Steve Buscemi Bryan Cranston Anthony Edwards Dennis Franz Hugh Laurie Martin Sheen Kevin Spacey Kiefer Sutherland Multiple nominees 8 nominations Dennis Franz 7 nominations James Gandolfini 6 nominations Peter Dinklage Michael C. Hall Jon Hamm Hugh Laurie 5 nominations Sterling K. Brown Steve Buscemi Bryan Cranston David Duchovny Anthony Edwards Bob Odenkirk Martin Sheen Kiefer Sutherland 4 nominations Jason Bateman Jimmy Smits Kevin Spacey 3 nominations James Spader 2 nominations George Clooney Billy Crudup Jeff Daniels David Harbour Peter Krause Anthony LaPaglia Rami Malek Sam Waterston Treat Williams See also Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama	Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series
Organization of Communist Revolutionaries (Marxist–Leninist) () was an Iranian Maoist organization. It was formed in opposition to the Shah regime in Iran. OCR(M-L) was founded in 1970 and it advocated against policies of Nikita Khrushchev, describing them as 'Khrushchevian Revisionism'. Instead it supported Mao Zedong and his strategy of People’s war and Cultural Revolution in China. They adopted program that claimed that the ideology of the working class was 'Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong Thought'. Later in 1976, OCR(M-L) merged with the 'Pooya Group', forming the Union of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran). OCR(M-L) is regarded as an early part of the current Communist Party of Iran (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist).	Organization of Communist Revolutionaries (Marxist–Leninist)
The International Falcon Movement – Socialist Educational International (IFM-SEI) is an international non-profit organisation based in Belgium that campaigns for children's rights. It is a fraternal organisation of Socialist International and works closely with International Union of Socialist Youth (IUSY) and Young European Socialists (formerly ECOSY). IFM-SEI is a full member of the European Youth Forum (YFJ) which operates within the Council of Europe and European Union area and works closely with both these bodies. In Latin-America it is a full member of the Foro Latin-America de Juventud (FLAJ). It is also part of the International Coordination Meeting of Youth Organisations (ICMYO) which consists of worldwide active youth organisations and regional youth platforms coordinating their activities towards the UN and its agencies. It has member organisations all over the world and is strongest in Europe and South America. Many of its member organisations work with children and young people of all ages through activities, groups and camping. IFM-SEI members are children and youth self-organisations, family organisations and other organisations who are working for the benefit of children and young peoples. IFM-SEI organise campaigns, for example against child labour or child pornography, seminars, trainings, camps and other educational activities. Their activities are carried out by member organisation, and international seminars are held regularly in cooperation with other fraternal organisations. A recent activity was the Peace Camp with Israelis and Palestinians. The LGBT event of IFM is called Queer Easter. President Max Winter from Rote Falken, (1925) Anton Tesarek from Rote Falken, (1955–1959) Hans Matzenauer from Rote Falken, (1967–1980) Eric Nielsen from DUI leg og virke, (1980–1983) Piet Kempenaars from (1983–1985) Eric Nilsson from Unga Örnar, (1985) Jerry Svensson from Unga Örnar, (1985–1995) Jessi Sörensen from DUI leg og virke, (1995–2001) Östen Lövgren from Unga Örnar, (2001–2005) Ted Birch from Unga Örnar,(2005–2007) Tim Scholz from SJD - Die Falken (2007–2013) Ana Maria Almario from Acacia Fundacion (2013–2016) Sylvia Siqueira Campos from Mirim (2016–2018) Christina Schauer from Kinderfreunde Rote Falken, (2018–2022) Secretaries General Kurt Biak from (Voluntary) (1931) Miguel Angel Martínez Martínez from (first full-time) (1966–1972) Ilpo Rossi from Nuoret Kotkat, (1972–1976) Ulric Andersen from Unga Örnar, (1976–1979) Jacqui Cottyn from (1979–1995) Odette Lambert from (1995–2001) Uwe Ostendorff from SJD - Die Falken (2001–2007) Tamsin Pearce from Woodcraft Folk, (2007–2013) Christine Sudbrock from (2013–2016) Carly Walker-Dawson from Woodcraft Folk, (2016–2020) Ruba Hilal from Independence Youth Union, (2020–2023) Current Presidium The Presidium is made up of the Secretary-General, President, Vice President and one Presidium members from each region (Africa, Latin America, Middle East, Europe and Asia) to make a total of 8 members. Regional Representatives have one seat reserved for a woman and one seat reserved for a person under 30. The last elections were held in May 2023. Jami Ojala (Vice President) Nuoret Kotkat, Babacar Mahamadou Toure (Africa Presidium Member) Pionniers du Mali, Jess Gallardo Sanchez (Europe Presidium Member) Kinderfreunde / Röte Falken, Eduardo Flores (Latin America Presidium Member) Manque Chile Republics and Camps of the IFM-SEI There were four children's republics held by the international before World War II: 1933 First Republic: Oostduinkerke, Belgium 1935 Second Republic: Verneuil-l'Étang, France. 900 children from Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, France, UK and Switzerland. 1937 Third Republic: Brighton, England. Theme: Solidarity, 2,000 participants from Belgium, Czechoslovakia, France, Britain, Spain and Tunisia. 1939 Fourth Republic: Wandre, in Liège, Belgium. Theme: Freedom and Peace, 1,600 participants, from Belgium, France, UK, Switzerland, Tunisia and refugee children from Spain. Since the end of World War II the IFM-SEI organises international camps as well as encouraging bi- and multi-lateral camps between members. The following is a list of official IFM-SEI camps held since 1945: 1946 Brighton, England 1951 Döbriach, Austria 1952 Füssen, Federal Republic of Germany 1955 Oslo, Norway 1956 Stockholm, Sweden 1958 Vienna, Austria 1961 Deurne, Belgium 1965 Reinwarzhofen, Federal Republic of Germany 1967 Scunthorpe, England 1971 Lahti, Finland 1974 Döbriach, Austria 1977 Oslo, Norway 1981 Walsrode, Federal Republic of Germany 1985 Döbriach, Austria 1988 Imatra, Finland 1991 Norrköping, Sweden 1994 Reinwarzhofen, Germany 1997 Zanka, Hungary 2000 Döbriach, Austria. Theme: Children's Rights. 1000 participants. 2006 Kent, England. Theme: Millennium Development Goals. 5000 participants. 2010 Döbriach, Austria and Jedovnice, Czech Republic. Theme: Train 4 Change. 1000 participants. 2016 Reinwarzhofen, Germany. Theme: Welcome to Another World. 2022 Northamptonshire, England. Theme: Common Ground – International Friendship and Solidarity. Originally planned for 2020 it was postponed due to the Covid epidemic. 2023 Nurmes, Finland. Theme: Yhessä Together, International, doing things together. Member organisations Member and candidate organisations are listed here: Africa Girls Excel Youth Advocates Ghana Oyoun Masr Association Pionniers du Mali Action Enfance Senegal Mouvement National des Pionniers Senegalais Union Youth Saguiet el-Hamra and Rio de Oro Patsimederu Trust Asia Antar Bharati KKSP Foundation Youth Organization of Bhutan (exile in Nepal) Europe Armenian Youth Federation (ARF-YO) Kinderfreunde / Rote Falken SYB - The Falcons Belarus, Belarus (in exile in Lithuania) Faucons Rouges Rode Valken, RVPA Pionýr DUI - Leg og Virke Nuorten Kotkain Keskusliitto Georgian Falcons Sozialistische Jugend Deutschlands-Die Falken Hungarian Childfriends Arciragazzi Lietuvos Sakaliuku sajunga Framfylkingen Fenix Slovenian Falcons Esplais Catalans Kinderfreunde / Rote Falken Woodcraft Folk Middle East Hashomer Hatzair HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed Ajyal Independence Youth Union Independent Youth Forum Seeds Association for Development and Culture 'Bothoor' Association for Social Democracy Latin America Organizacion Nueva Generacion Manque Chile Agrupacion Integridad Absoluta Movimiento Infantil Luis Alfonso Velásquez Flores (MILAVF) Los Cachorros Club infantil CHAP "Mayo 23" Mundo Nuevo Juventud País Solidario (JPS)	International Falcon Movement – Socialist Educational International
Keith Robert Dorney (born December 3, 1957) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive tackle for nine seasons in the National Football League (NFL) from 1979 to 1987. He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions, earning consensus All-American honors in 1978. In the 1979 NFL Draft, Dorney was selected in the first round by the Detroit Lions, where he played for his entire professional career. Early life and education Dorney was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania. He grew up in Macungie, Pennsylvania in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania. He played high school football at Emmaus High School in Emmaus, Pennsylvania, which competed in the East Penn Conference and is known for its success in producing collegiate and NFL football talent. In his autobiography, Black and Honolulu Blue: In the Trenches of the NFL, Dorney dramatically recounts playing for Emmaus, including one play in which he simultaneously tackled the opposing quarterback and running back during a handoff in a goal line stand. It resulted in a serious concussion that produced some minor anterograde amnesia. College career Dorney attended Pennsylvania State University, where he played for coach Joe Paterno's Nittany Lions football team from 1975 through 1978. As a senior in 1978, Dorney was recognized as both a consensus first-team All-American and an Academic All-American. He earned a Bachelor of Science in insurance and real estate from Penn State in 1979, and a Master of Education from the University of San Francisco. In 2005, in tribute of his play at Penn State, Dorney was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. National Football League Following his Penn State football career, Dorney entered the 1979 NFL Draft and was selected by the Detroit Lions in the first round with the 10th overall selection. He played in the NFL for nine years, from 1979 to 1987, and played both offensive guard and offensive tackle for the Lions. Dorney was also the offensive captain of the Detroit Lions from 1983 to 1987 and was selected to the 1982 Pro Bowl. Dorney's NFL career was highlighted by his role as a lead blocker for NFL rushing great Billy Sims, who rushed for 5,106 yards over his five-year career with the Lions. Personal life Dorney's autobiography, Black and Honolulu Blue: In the Trenches of the NFL, chronicles his life and football career. From 2003 to 2006, Dorney was on the faculty of Cardinal Newman High School in Santa Rosa, California, where he taught freshman English. Dorney and Hall of Fame quarterback Joe Montana both provided Cardinal Newman with periodic coaching support.	Keith Dorney
Marisa Coughlan ( ; born March 17, 1974) is an American actress and writer. Her first prominent role was a lead in Kevin Williamson's Teaching Mrs. Tingle (1999), followed by a role as Officer Ursula Hanson in the comedy Super Troopers (2001) and as Betty in Freddy Got Fingered (2001). She also had a recurring role as Melissa Hughes on the series Boston Legal. Early life Coughlan was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She graduated from Breck School, a small private school in nearby Golden Valley, Minnesota. When she moved to Los Angeles with her father, Daniel Merritt Coughlan, she enrolled at the University of Southern California. She studied abroad in Paris in 1995, and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in French in 1996. Career Coughlan's first film appearance to gain mainstream attention was in Kevin Williamson's directorial debut Teaching Mrs. Tingle (1999), in which she co-starred alongside Katie Holmes and Helen Mirren. She was cast in the role after reportedly having been rejected for a role on Williamson's series Dawson's Creek. She followed this with a recurring role on the series Wasteland in 1999. Other films she appeared in included Pumpkin (co-starring with Christina Ricci), a drama about sorority girls; New Suit, a satirical comedy about the inner workings of Hollywood; Super Troopers, playing Officer Ursula Hanson; and Freddy Got Fingered as Betty. She had a recurring role on the television series Boston Legal as secretary Melissa Hughes in seasons two and three. In 2007, she starred as Jenny McIntyre in Lifetime Television's original series Side Order of Life. In 2008–2009, she appeared on three episodes of the TV show Bones. Coughlan began writing while she was pregnant and taking time off from acting. She wrote and produced her first pilot, Lost & Found for ABC in 2011. In 2014, she completed writing a comedy based on Peter and Wendy for NBC. In 2016, it was reported by Variety that Fox was developing a comedy series titled Pushing, written by Coughlan and produced by Greg Berlanti. Personal life In November 2008, Coughlan married childhood friend Stephen Wallack in a ceremony at a private estate in Pasadena, California. They have four children together. As of 2015 she lived in Deephaven, Minnesota, after several years in Studio City, California. Filmography Film Television	Marisa Coughlan
The history of mass spectrometry has its roots in physical and chemical studies regarding the nature of matter. The study of gas discharges in the mid 19th century led to the discovery of anode and cathode rays, which turned out to be positive ions and electrons. Improved capabilities in the separation of these positive ions enabled the discovery of stable isotopes of the elements. The first such discovery was with the element neon, which was shown by mass spectrometry to have at least two stable isotopes: 20Ne (neon with 10 protons and 10 neutrons) and 22Ne (neon with 10 protons and 12 neutrons). Mass spectrometers were used in the Manhattan Project for the separation of isotopes of uranium necessary to create the atomic bomb. Prout's Hypothesis Prout's hypothesis was an early 19th-century attempt to explain the properties of the chemical elements using the internal structure of the atom. In 1815, the English chemist William Prout observed that the atomic weights that had been measured were integer multiples of the atomic weight of hydrogen. Prout's hypothesis remained influential in chemistry throughout the 1820s. However, more careful measurements of the atomic weights, such as those compiled by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in 1828 or Edward Turner in 1832, appeared to disprove it. In particular the atomic weight of chlorine, which is 35.45 times that of hydrogen, could not at the time be explained in terms of Prout's hypothesis. It would take the better part of a century for this problem to be resolved. Canal rays In the mid-nineteenth century, Julius Plücker investigated the light emitted in discharge tubes and the influence of magnetic fields on the glow. Later, in 1869, Johann Wilhelm Hittorf studied discharge tubes with energy rays extending from a negative electrode, the cathode. These rays produced a fluorescence when they hit a tube's glass walls, and when interrupted by a solid object they cast a shadow. Canal rays, also called anode rays, were observed by Eugen Goldstein, in 1886. Goldstein used a gas discharge tube which had a perforated cathode. The rays are produced in the holes (canals) in the cathode and travels in a direction opposite to the "cathode rays," which are streams of electrons. Goldstein called these positive rays "Kanalstrahlen" - canal rays. Discovery of isotopes In 1913, as part of his exploration into the composition of canal rays, J. J. Thomson channeled a stream of ionized neon through a magnetic and an electric field and measured its deflection by placing a photographic plate in its path. Thomson observed two patches of light on the photographic plate (see image on left), which suggested two different parabolas of deflection. Thomson concluded that the neon gas was composed of atoms of two different atomic masses (neon-20 and neon-22). Thomson's student Francis William Aston continued the research at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, building the first full functional mass spectrometer that was reported in 1919. He was able to identify isotopes of chlorine (35 and 37), bromine (79 and 81), and krypton (78, 80, 82, 83, 84 and 86), proving that these natural occurring elements are composed of a combination of isotopes. The use of electromagnetic focusing in mass spectrograph which rapidly allowed him to identify no fewer than 212 of the 287 naturally occurring isotopes. In 1921, F. W. Aston became a fellow of the Royal Society and received a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in the following year. His work on isotopes also led to his formulation of the Whole Number Rule which states that "the mass of the oxygen isotope being defined [as 16], all the other isotopes have masses that are very nearly whole numbers," a rule that was used extensively in the development of nuclear energy. The exact mass of many isotopes was measured leading to the result that hydrogen has a 1% higher mass than expected by the average mass of the other elements. Aston speculated about the subatomic energy and the use of it in 1936. In 1918, Arthur Jeffrey Dempster reported on his mass spectrometer and established the basic theory and design of mass spectrometers that is still used to this day. Dempster's research over his career centered around the mass spectrometer and its applications, leading in 1935 to his discovery of the uranium isotope 235U. This isotope's ability to cause a rapidly expanding fission nuclear chain reaction allowed the development of the atom bomb and nuclear power. In 1932, Kenneth Bainbridge developed a mass spectrometer with a resolving power of 600 and a relative precision of one part in 10,000. He used this instrument to verify the equivalence of mass and energy, E = mc2. Manhattan Project A Calutron is a sector mass spectrometer that was used for separating the isotopes of uranium developed by Ernest O. Lawrence during the Manhattan Project and was similar to the Cyclotron invented by Lawrence. Its name is a concatenation of Cal. U.-tron, in tribute to the University of California, Lawrence's institution and the contractor of the Los Alamos laboratory. They were implemented for industrial scale uranium enrichment at the Oak Ridge, Tennessee Y-12 plant established during the war and provided much of the uranium used for the "Little Boy" nuclear weapon, which was dropped onto Hiroshima in 1945. Development of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry The use of a mass spectrometer as the detector in gas chromatography was developed during the 1950s by Roland Gohlke and Fred McLafferty. The development of affordable and miniaturized computers has helped in the simplification of the use of this instrument, as well as allowed great improvements in the amount of time it takes to analyze a sample. Fourier transform mass spectrometry Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry was developed by Alan G. Marshall and Melvin B. Comisarow at the University of British Columbia in 1974. The inspiration was earlier developments in conventional ICR and Fourier Transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (FT-NMR) spectroscopy. Soft ionization methods Field desorption ionization was first reported by Beckey in 1969. In field ionization, a high-potential electric field is applied to an emitter with a sharp surface, such as a razor blade, or more commonly, a filament from which tiny "whiskers" have been grown. This produces a very high electric field in which electron tunneling can result in ionization of gaseous analyte molecules. FI produces mass spectra with little or no fragmentation, dominated by molecular radical cations M+. and occasionally protonated molecules . Chemical ionization was developed in the 1960s. Ionization of sample (analyte) is achieved by interaction of its molecules with reagent ions. The analyte is ionized by ion-molecule reactions during collisions in the source. The process may involve transfer of an electron, a proton or other charged species between the reactants. This is a less energetic procedure than electron ionization and the ions produced are, for example, protonated molecules: [M + H]+. These ions are often relatively stable, tending not to fragment as readily as ions produced by electron ionization. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is a soft ionization technique used in mass spectrometry, allowing the analysis of biomolecules (biopolymers such as proteins, peptides and sugars) and large organic molecules (such as polymers, dendrimers and other macromolecules), which tend to be fragile and fragment when ionized by more conventional ionization methods. It is most similar in character to electrospray ionization both in relative softness and the ions produced (although it causes much fewer multiply charged ions). The term was first used in 1985 by Franz Hillenkamp, Michael Karas and their colleagues. These researchers found that the amino acid alanine could be ionized more easily if it was mixed with the amino acid tryptophan and irradiated with a pulsed 266 nm laser. The tryptophan was absorbing the laser energy and helping to ionize the non-absorbing alanine. Peptides up to the 2843 Da peptide melittin could be ionized when mixed with this kind of “matrix”. The breakthrough for large molecule laser desorption ionization came in 1987 when Koichi Tanaka of Shimadzu Corp. and his co-workers used what they called the “ultra fine metal plus liquid matrix method” that combined 30 nm cobalt particles in glycerol with a 337 nm nitrogen laser for ionization. Using this laser and matrix combination, Tanaka was able to ionize biomolecules as large as the 34,472 Da protein carboxypeptidase-A. Tanaka received one-quarter of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for demonstrating that, with the proper combination of laser wavelength and matrix, a protein can be ionized. Karas and Hillenkamp were subsequently able to ionize the 67 kDa protein albumin using a nicotinic acid matrix and a 266 nm laser. Further improvements were realized through the use of a 355 nm laser and the cinnamic acid derivatives ferulic acid, caffeic acid and sinapinic acid as the matrix. The availability of small and relatively inexpensive nitrogen lasers operating at 337 nm wavelength and the first commercial instruments introduced in the early 1990s brought MALDI to an increasing number of researchers. Today, mostly organic matrices are used for MALDI mass spectrometry. Timeline 19th century 1886 Eugen Goldstein observes canal rays. 1898 Wilhelm Wien demonstrates that canal rays can be deflected using strong electric and magnetic fields. He shows that the mass-to-charge ratio of the particles have opposite polarity and is much larger compared to the electron. He also realizes that the particle mass is similar to the one of hydrogen particle. 1898 J. J. Thomson measures the mass-to-charge ratio of electrons. 20th century 1901 Walter Kaufmann uses a mass spectrometer to measure the relativistic mass increase of electrons. 1905 J. J. Thomson begins his study of positive rays. 1906 Thomson is awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics "in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases" 1913 Thomson is able to separate particles of different mass-to-charge ratios. He separates the 20Ne and the 22Ne isotopes, and he correctly identifies the m/z = 11 signal as a doubly charged 22Ne particle. 1919 Francis Aston constructs the first velocity focusing mass spectrograph with mass resolving power of 130. 1922 Aston is awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry "for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule." 1931 Ernest O. Lawrence invents the cyclotron. 1934 Josef Mattauch and Richard Herzog develop the double-focusing mass spectrograph. 1936 Arthur J. Dempster develops the spark ionization source. 1937 Aston constructs a mass spectrograph with resolving power of 2000. 1939 Lawrence receives the Nobel Prize in Physics for the cyclotron. 1942 Lawrence develops the Calutron for uranium isotope separation. 1943 Westinghouse markets its mass spectrometer and proclaims it to be "A New Electronic Method for fast, accurate gas analysis". 1946 William Stephens presents the concept of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. 1953 Wolfgang Paul and Helmut Steinwedel introduce the quadrupole mass filter. 1954 A. J. C. Nicholson (Australia) proposes a hydrogen transfer reaction that will come to be known as the McLafferty rearrangement. 1959 Researchers at Dow Chemical interface a gas chromatograph to a mass spectrometer. 1964 British Mass Spectrometry Society established as first dedicated mass spectrometry society. It holds its first meeting in 1965 in London. 1966 F. H. Field and M. S. B. Munson develop chemical ionization. 1968 Malcolm Dole develops electrospray ionization. 1969 H. D. Beckey develops field desorption. 1974 Comisarow and Marshall develop Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance mass spectrometry. 1976 Ronald MacFarlane and co-workers develop plasma desorption mass spectrometry. 1984 John Bennett Fenn and co-workers use electrospray to ionize biomolecules. 1985 Franz Hillenkamp, Michael Karas and co-workers describe and coin the term matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI). 1987 Koichi Tanaka uses the “ultra fine metal plus liquid matrix method” to ionize intact proteins. 1989 Wolfgang Paul receives the Nobel Prize in Physics "for the development of the ion trap technique". 1999 Alexander Makarov presents the Orbitrap mass spectrometer. 21st century 2002 John Bennett Fenn and Koichi Tanaka are awarded one-quarter of the Nobel Prize in chemistry each "for the development of soft desorption ionisation methods ... for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules." 2005 Commercialization of Orbitrap MS 2008 ASMS Distinguished Contribution in Mass Spectrometry Award See also Mass spectrometry History of chemistry History of physics	History of mass spectrometry
Francis Jones was an American politician who represented Tennessee in the United States House of Representatives. Biography Jones was born in Tennessee and his birth date is unknown. Although he received a limited schooling; he studied law, and was admitted to bar. Career Jones began his practice in Winchester, Tennessee. David Crockett tells in his autobiography about the strong feelings that brought him to volunteer. According to Crockett's book, a young local lawyer named Francis Jones made a fiery speech, then volunteered and was elected captain, and later represented the district in Congress. During the Creek War, Jones had his own company of Tennessee Volunteer Mounted Riflemen. Jones was elected Solicitor General of the third Tennessee district in 1815. Jones was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Congresses. He served from March 4, 1817 to March 3, 1823, then resumed the practice of his profession in Winchester. Death Jones died on an unknown date in Winchester, Franklin County, Tennessee. The place of his interment is unknown.	Francis Jones (American politician)
Spark Arena (also known as Auckland City Arena, and formerly as Vector Arena) is a multipurpose arena in Auckland, New Zealand. The venue is located at Quay Park, Parnell, very close to Britomart Transport Centre and The Strand Station. The arena cost approximately $94 million, and of this sum ratepayers contributed $68 million for the facility to be managed by QPAM, the NZ operator, in New Zealand's first big public-private partnership. This runs for 40 years before ownership is transferred to the city. After delays due to construction-related issues, the arena's first concert was Rock Star Supernova on 24 March 2007. Name During planning and construction, the venue was called Auckland City Arena. Vector Limited held the naming rights from the venue's opening in 2007 until April 2017, during which time it was called Vector Arena. On 19 April 2017, Spark New Zealand took over the naming rights, renaming the venue Spark Arena. Ownership Quay Park Arena Management Ltd was incorporated in 2002 to construct and operate the stadium, in a deal between the company's owners and the then Auckland City Council. In 2005, the company was renamed QPAM Ltd. QPAM has ultimately been owned by EVENZ Limited since 2012. Shares in EVENZ were purchased by American company Live Nation Entertainment and Australian company MHC Investments after approval by the Overseas Investment Office in August 2016. Entertainment Sports Netball Netball is regularly played at the venue with the New Zealand Silver Ferns playing on several occasions while the ANZ Championship has also used the arena on two occasions since 2010. The arena hosted the 2012-2014 Fast5 Netball World Series. Professional wrestling Since 2008 Vector Arena has also been a regular host of World Wrestling Entertainment's tours of New Zealand, with Raw, SmackDown and ECW all performing at the venue. Ice hockey In 2011 some 10,000 fans saw an ice hockey international between Canada and the United States on a $4.2m temporary ice rink. Basketball The arena announced that it would host its first National Basketball League game on 28 October 2011 when the defending champion New Zealand Breakers hosted the Sydney Kings in Round 4 of the 2011–12 NBL season. The arena hosted two more Breakers games during the season, against the Townsville Crocodiles in Round 8 (24 November) and the Kings in Round 17 (27 January 2012). That first NBL game at Vector Arena drew a New Zealand record crowd for a basketball game when 6,900 saw the NZ Breakers defeat the Kings 76-59. This record was again broken in Round 17, when 7,979 saw the Breakers again defeat the Kings 93-64. On 13 March 2012 New Zealand Breakers General Manager Richard Clarke announced that due to the amount of support for the team, all Breakers finals games would be played at Vector Arena with capacity set at 8,500, subject to demand, with extra seating to be sold if needed. The Breakers finished the 2011-12 season as minor premiers giving them home court advantage in all finals series'. The Breakers qualified for the 2011-12 NBL Grand Final against the Perth Wildcats with games 1 and 3 being played at the arena. Game 1 saw the attendance record for a basketball game in New Zealand broken, with 9,125 seeing the Breakers win 104-98 in overtime. With the Wildcats winning game 2 in Perth 87-86, game 3 was required and the Breakers won their second straight NBL Championship with a 79-73 win in front of another record crowd of 9,285. Before the 2012-13 NBL season, the Breakers confirmed that they would play five regular season games at Vector Arena. The first game, played in front of 6,625 fans, saw the home side defeat the Adelaide 36ers 73-59 on 12 October. The four other games at the arena during the regular season were on 16 November (Townsville), 13 December (Cairns Taipans), 1 February 2013 (Perth) and 14 March 2013 (Melbourne Tigers). The Breakers once again broke their attendance record during Game 1 of the 2012-13 NBL Grand Final series against the Perth Wildcats when a capacity 9,330 fans saw the home team defeat the Wildcats 79-67. The team ultimately won their third successive NBL title. For the 2013–14 NBL season, the Breakers played half of their home games at Vector Arena, totalling seven appearances at the arena. The Breakers game against the Adelaide 36ers on 15 November 2013 saw the home side's first ever loss at the arena, in front of 7,470 fans. The Breakers then lost their second game at the venue when they were defeated 71-62 by the Perth Wildcats on 13 December 2013 in front of 7,597 fans. BMX The 32nd BMX World Championships, attracted over two thousand riders from 33 countries, was held in the then Vector Arena over the week of 24–28 July 2013. Construction of the track took six days involving approximately 10,000 pallets and 60 truck and trailer loads of dirt. The confines meant there was insufficient room to build two separate ramps, so a hydraulic movable one was built to allow the ramp to be moved from 5 meter height to 8 meters. MMA The arena got to play host to UFC Fight Night: Te Huna vs. Marquardt with over 8000 seats filled in attendance on 28 June 2014, the first UFC event in New Zealand. On February 23, 2020 it hosted UFC Fight Night: Felder vs. Hooker which featured New Zealand fighter Dan Hooker in the main event, and drew over 10,000 fans. Boxing The arena played host to its first boxing event on 10 December 2016: Joseph Parker vs Andy Ruiz for the vacant WBO World Heavyweight Title. This was New Zealand's first male world title and first heavyweight world title fight hosted in New Zealand, and New Zealand's second major world title fight, the first being Kali Reis vs Maricela Cornejo for the vacant WBC World Female Middleweight title on 16 April 2016 at The Trusts Arena. Other events Other performers such as comedians Jeff Dunham, Billy Connolly and Russell Brand have performed at the arena. Feld Entertainment's Disney on Ice shows also play here every year in August. Controversial evangelist Benny Hinn staged his mass gathering at the venue on 9 June 2007. Mike Tyson was due to bring his Day of Champions tour the Vector Arena in 2012, but he was not granted a visa to enter the country due to his previous criminal convictions. The exterior of the building has been used for battle scenes in the Power Rangers series. In mid-August 2021, Spark Arena hosted retail company Mitre 10's 2021 Awards ceremony which was attended by a thousand people including TVNZ broadcaster Hilary Barry. On 20 August, a bar worker tested positive for COVID-19. Consequently, participants were ordered to isolate at home. See also List of indoor arenas in New Zealand	Spark Arena
Genovese is an Italian surname meaning, properly, someone from Genoa. Its Italian plural form Genovesi has also developed into a surname. People Alfred Genovese (1931–2011), American oboist Alfredo Genovese (born 1964), Argentine artist Anthony Vincent Genovese (born 1932), American architect Bruna Genovese (born 1976), Italian long-distance runner Damián Genovese (born 1978), Venezuelan actor and model Domenico Genovese (born 1961), English footballer Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941–2007), American historian Eugene D. Genovese (1930–2012), American historian Fabio Del Genovese (1902–1976), Italian wrestler Frank Genovese (1914–1981), American professional baseball player, manager and scout George Genovese (1922–2015), American baseball player and scout Leo Genovese (born 1979), Argentine jazz pianist, keyboardist, and composer María Noel Genovese (born 1943), Uruguayan model and actress Michael Genovese (disambiguation), several people Mike Genovese (born 1942), American actor Pablo Genovese (born 1977), Argentine footballer Paolo Genovese (born 1966), Italian film director Richard Genovese (born 1947), American painter Rino Genovese (1905–1967), Italian film actor Vito Genovese (1897–1969), prominent New York City Mafia Boss William Genovese, American computer criminal Fictional characters Phillip Genovese, a character on the television series Crossing Lines See also Murder of Kitty Genovese, widely publicized murder in New York City, 1964 Genovese syndrome, or bystander effect, named for the Kitty Genovese case Genovese crime family, one of the "Five Families" of New York City's Mafia Genovese Drug Stores, a defunct pharmacy chain in the NYC area Genovese sauce, a meat sauce from Napoli Genoese (disambiguation) Genovesi	Genovese
Morimond Abbey is a religious complex in Parnoy-en-Bassigny, Haute-Marne department, in the Champagne-Ardenne region of France. It was the fourth of the four great daughter abbeys of Cîteaux Abbey, of primary importance in the spread of the Cistercian Order, along with La Ferté to the south, Pontigny to the west and Clairvaux to the north. History Situated in the diocese of Langres, Morimond was founded in 1115 by Count Odelric of Aigremont and his wife Adeline of Choiseul and settled from Citeaux. The first abbot, known as a "pillar of the Cistercians", was Arnold the German. Thanks to his energy and influence, Morimond grew very rapidly, and established numerous colonies in France, Germany, Poland, Bohemia, Spain, and Cyprus. The only daughter-house in England and Wales was Dore Abbey, founded in 1147. Amongst the best-known were Ebrach Abbey in Germany (1126); Heiligenkreuz Abbey in Austria (1134); and Aiguebelle Abbey in France (1137), which was later restored by the Reformed Cistercians. Over the next two centuries Morimond continued to be active in the foundation of new Cistercian houses, so much so that towards the end of the 18th century, Morimond counted amongst its filiations nearly seven hundred monasteries and nunneries. Briefs from various popes placed the principal Military Orders of Spain under the spiritual jurisdiction of the Abbot of Morimond: the Order of Calatrava (1187); the Order of Alcantara (1214); the Order of Christ in Portugal (1319), and later on, those of the Orders of St. Maurice and St. Lazarus in Savoy. The name "Morimond" is from the Latin "mori mundo", or "Die to the world": all who entered these Cistercian abbeys in the 12th century renounced worldly life. One of the famous men who passed through Morimond was Otto of Freising, son of Margrave Leopold III of Austria and his spouse Agnes, daughter of Emperor Henry IV. He studied in Paris and then entered the abbey, of which he became abbot. Pope Benedict XII, third of the Avignon popes (1334–1342), also began his career as a monk in Morimond. The cruciform abbey church with three aisles and closed choir, the sides of which are occupied by chapels linked by a gangway, was built to be restrained and severe, according to the Cistercian building prescriptions, without towers or artistic adornment. In 1572, during the Wars of Religion, and again in 1636 in the Thirty Years' War, Morimond was destroyed; it was abandoned in 1791 in the French Revolution. Only the church survived, but fell into ruin during the 19th century. Remains Today, of the medieval structures, only a fragment of the north aisle is still standing, although there remain from the 18th century the gateway, the library and some pavilions and arcades. See also Morimondo Abbey	Morimond Abbey
Makri (Nissos Makri) () is a Greek island, one of the Echinades, in the Ionian Islands group. It is located on the far southeast side of the Gulf of Makri close to the mouth of the Acheloos river. It is administered by the municipality of Ithaca and is east of the island. , it had no resident population. Strabo, and most modern writers, identify Dulichium, from which Homer reports that Meges, son of Phyleus, led 40 ships to Troy, with the island of Makri. The island is roughly long and at its widest. It has an area of roughly and an estimate coastline of in length. Made up of 2 hills linked by an isthmus, there is also a small islet named Kouneli (Greek: Κουνέλι) at its southeastern corner. The island went up for sale at auction in July 2022 with a starting price of 3.8 million euros. The island is privately owned.	Makri (island)
Gamalost (also Gammelost, Gammalost) is a traditional Norwegian cheese. History Gamalost, which translates as old cheese, was once a staple of the Norwegian diet. The name might be due to the texture of the surface, or the fact that it is an old tradition, not the ripening which may take as little as two weeks. Like many traditional Norwegian foods, such as flat bread, dry salted meats and stockfish, Gamalost could be stored for long periods without refrigeration. The brownish-yellow cheese is firm, moist, coarse and often granular. Gamalost is rich in protein with low fat content, measuring 1% fat and 50% protein. Production To make Gamalost, lactic starter is added to skimmed cow's milk, causing it to sour. After several days of souring, the milk is slowly heated, before the curds are separated and pressed into forms. After removal from the forms, mold is introduced onto the surface of the cheese, either by exposure to the wooden walls of the form that is only used for Gamalost, or rubbed on by hand in the traditional method. The cheese is then allowed to cure for four to five weeks. The ripening happens from outside inwards, so the center might be lighter than the parts near the exterior. Gamalost production is very labor-intensive, particularly if traditional methods are used. Everything depends on the proper fermentation and maturation. It is not made in sufficient quantity for mass export. As such, it is rare to find the cheese outside Norway. Commercial production has principally been limited to the Tine facility in Vik. Gamalost Festival Gamalost Festival (Gamalostfestivalen) is an annual event held in Vik in Sogn at the beginning of summer every year. See also List of cheeses	Gamalost
Charles Lane (born December 26, 1953) is an American actor and filmmaker. While attending Purchase College as a film student, he made a short titled A Place in Time based on the famous Kitty Genovese incident. This short gained him a certain amount of attention, including a Student Academy Award win. Lane then directed and starred in feature films True Identity, a vehicle for British comedian Lenny Henry funded by the Walt Disney Company. He wrote, directed and starred in 1989's Sidewalk Stories, a black-and-white feature about a homeless street artist who becomes the guardian of a small girl after her father is murdered. The nearly silent film was an homage to Charlie Chaplin's The Kid and was a critical favorite. It won several festival awards, including the Prix du Publique at the Cannes Film Festival, where its 12-minute ovation set a new record. He also received three nominations at the Film Independent Spirit Awards: Best Director, Best First Feature and Best Male Lead On its 25th anniversary in 2014, Sidewalk Stories was digitally remastered and rescreened at the Cannes Film Festival and Tribeca Film Festival. Lane also had a starring role in the Mario Van Peebles film Posse, as Weezie, often the butt of jokes. He has worked with James Earl Jones, Lenny Henry, and Frank Langella and offered one of the first film roles to The Sopranos actress Edie Falco. Lane often casts various friends and family in his films, including brother Gerald, friend George, and daughter Nicole Alysia. Filmography Film Television Awards and nominations	Charles Lane (filmmaker)
The Canadian Teachers' Federation (CTF; ) is a bilingual not-for-profit organization and a national alliance of provincial and territorial teacher organizations representing more than 365,000 elementary and secondary school teachers throughout Canada. The CTF is affiliated with Education International. History Harry Charlesworth was the first president of the CTF, serving from 1920 to 1922. Public activity The CTF advocates for various social justice and equity topics. In July 2018, at a two-day Canadian Forum on Public Education in Edmonton, the CTF director of research and professional learning spoke about the increase in classroom violence. In 2014, the CTF created a work–life balance survey, engaging secondary and elementary teachers on issues of stress and imbalance, as well as possible ways to create improvements in this balance. The report brought forward several results, including the fact that many teachers felt a strong tension between work responsibilities, as well as duties and responsibilities outside of the work environment. Members Alberta Teachers' Association Association des enseignantes et des enseignants franco-ontariens British Columbia Teachers' Federation Elementary Teachers' Federation of Ontario Manitoba Teachers' Society New Brunswick Teachers' Association Newfoundland and Labrador Teachers' Association Northwest Territories Teachers' Association Nova Scotia Teachers Union Nunavut Teachers' Association Ontario English Catholic Teachers' Association Ontario Secondary School Teachers' Federation Prince Edward Island Teachers' Federation Quebec Provincial Association of Teachers Saskatchewan Teachers' Federation Yukon Association of Education Professionals Associate members New Brunswick Teachers' Federation Ontario Teachers' Federation Syndicat des enseignantes et enseignants du programme francophone de la Colombie-Britannique (local 93 of the British Columbia Teachers' Federation)	Canadian Teachers' Federation
Jehovah's Witnesses employ various levels of congregational discipline as formal controls administered by congregation elders. Members who engage in conduct that is considered inappropriate may be counseled privately by elders and congregational responsibilities may be withheld or restricted. Private hearings involving "serious sin" are performed by formal judicial committees, in which guilt and repentance are determined by a tribunal of elders. A variety of controls can be enforced, from reproof and restriction of congregational duties to excommunication, known as disfellowshipping, which includes shunning. Individuals who are disfellowshipped may be reinstated after an extended period if they are deemed to demonstrate repentance. The practice of disfellowshipping, particularly the shunning of family members, has been criticized by many non-members and ex-members. Counsel and guidance Personal counsel Congregation elders may offer counsel in privileged settings, with the opportunity for the member to confess wrongdoing. If counsel is not accepted, congregational responsibilities may be withheld or restricted, and elders may present a talk to the congregation about the type of behavior, without naming the individual. This is intended to alert other members already aware of the individual's conduct to limit social interaction with that person. Counsel may be given in situations involving actions that are considered inappropriate but are not considered to be of sufficient gravity to necessitate a judicial committee. Counsel may be provided by a mature Witness in addition to self-discipline and family discipline. Elders may also give recommendations or warnings to members in non-judicial situations. Shepherding calls Personal "shepherding visits" are intended to encourage members of the congregation, though may also include counsel and correction, then or on a subsequent visit. Two elders (or an elder and a ministerial servant) may schedule and perform a particular shepherding visit on their own or at the direction of the body of elders. Withheld "privileges" An active Jehovah's Witness may have their congregational "privileges of service" limited, even without having committed a serious sin. While Witnesses sometimes refer to field ministry, after-meeting cleanup, and other responsibilities as "privileges", the term "privileges of service" often implies a specific range of assignments assisting elders and ministerial servants with meeting demonstrations and other responsibilities. Such limitations are usually temporary. Elders, ministerial servants, pioneers, or other appointed Witnesses can lose their "special privileges of service". For example, an elder may be removed or choose to step aside voluntarily from his position if members of his household are not in "good standing". After resignation or removal from an appointed position, an announcement is made during the congregation's Service Meeting indicating that the person is "no longer serving [in that capacity]", without elaboration. Withheld recommendations or assignments The body of elders may withhold its recommendation for a member to serve in a new position of responsibility, though still permitting existing responsibilities. Marking Members who persist in a course considered scripturally wrong after repeated counsel by elders, but who are not considered guilty of something for which they could be disfellowshipped, can be "marked", based on Jehovah's Witnesses' interpretation of 2 Thessalonians 3:14–15 (NWT): "14 But if anyone is not obedient to our word through this letter, keep this one marked and stop associating with him, so that he may become ashamed. 15 And yet do not consider him an enemy, but continue admonishing him as a brother." Actions for which an individual may be "marked" include dating a non-member, dating when not "scripturally" or legally free to marry, being lazy, critical, or dirty, meddling, taking material advantage of others or indulging in "improper" entertainment. "Marking" is indicated by means of a warning talk given to the congregation outlining the shameful course, without explicitly naming any particular individual. Members who know whose actions are being discussed may then consider the individual "marked". Though not shunned, "marked" individuals are looked upon as "bad association" and social interaction outside of formal worship settings is generally curtailed. This action is intended to "shame" the person into following a particular course of action. Local needs At conventions and assemblies, and about once each month at a local midweek meeting, a short talk regarding "local needs" is presented. An elder addresses matters that are relevant to the local congregation, with instructions outlining the course of action considered appropriate. No specific individuals are identified during the talk, but the talk may relate to a matter for which a member has recently been "reproved". At times, some temporary policy may be announced that might be seen as disciplinary; for example, it may be that an additional attendant is assigned outside a Kingdom Hall to discourage children from running on the sidewalk. Discipline involving "serious sin" Jehovah's Witnesses consider many actions to be "serious sins", for which baptized Witnesses are subject to a judicial committee hearing. Such actions include: Judicial situations If an active baptized Witness is considered to have committed a "serious sin" for which the individual must demonstrate formal repentance, correction (or, "discipline") is administered by the congregation's body of elders. Such situations usually involve a "judicial committee" of three or more elders. Counsel may escalate to excommunication, known as disfellowshipping, which includes shunning by the congregation. Individuals who are disfellowshipped may be reinstated after an extended period if they are deemed to demonstrate repentance. An individual may also be disfellowshipped for promoting activities that are considered "serious sins" without actually engaging in the practice, or for accepting related employment (e.g. selling lottery tickets, firearms or cigarettes; working in an abortion clinic, church or military base). If a baptized Witness teaches contrary to Witness doctrines, it is considered apostasy and grounds for disfellowshipping. A 1981 letter to overseers—reproduced in a book by former Governing Body member Raymond Franz—directed that a member who "persists in believing other doctrine", even without promoting such beliefs, may also be subject to disfellowshipping. Elders usually try to reason with the individual before such action is taken. If a person believes that a teaching should be adjusted or changed, he is encouraged "to be patient and wait on Jehovah for change". The Watchtower of July 15, 2011, said "apostates are 'mentally diseased,' and they seek to infect others with their disloyal teachings" and to "avoid contact with them". Some have stated that this applies to all individuals who leave the organization. Procedures Evidence for actions that can result in congregational discipline is obtained by voluntary confession to the elders or by witnesses of the violation. A minimum of two witnesses is required to establish guilt, based on their understanding of Deuteronomy 17:6 and Matthew 18:16, unless the person confesses voluntarily. Members are instructed to report serious sins committed by other members. Failure to report a serious sin of another member is viewed as sharing in the sins of others, a sin before God. Witnesses are instructed that pledges of confidentiality may be broken to report what they believe to be transgressions. A congregation's body of elders considers confessions or credible allegations of serious sin, and decides whether a judicial committee will be formed to address the matter. A judicial committee, usually consisting of three elders, investigates the details of the alleged sin further. The committee arranges a formal judicial hearing to determine the circumstances of the sin, whether the accused is repentant, and whether disciplinary actions will be taken. In certain situations, a body of elders may handle a situation involving "serious sin" by a baptized Witness without a judicial committee: Minor or newly baptized—A minor or newly baptized Witness might commit one or two acts of "serious sin" involving tobacco or overdrinking; repercussions as for 'non-judicial' situations may still be imposed. Repentance—The body of elders may believe the sinner's repentance has been established and accepted. For example, if a member committed a "serious sin" several years ago, had formally repented in prayer, and the sin did not involve scheming. Witnesses are strongly discouraged from waiting years to resolve such matters; even if years have passed since the serious sin, it is typical for a judicial committee to be formed, and there may still be repercussions as for ‘non-judicial’ situations. Judicial abeyance—Elders may become aware of a "serious sin" committed by a baptized Witness who has been inactive for some time and is not perceived as a Jehovah's Witness. If the alleged sinner is not associating with active Witnesses, the elders may indefinitely postpone a judicial committee and formal hearing unless and until the individual renews their association with the congregation. Judicial committee A person who confesses or is accused of a serious sin is invited to attend a judicial committee meeting. The individual is permitted to bring witnesses who can speak in their defense; observers are not allowed, and the hearing is held privately even if the accused individual requests that it be heard openly so all may witness the evidence. Recording devices are not permitted at the hearing. If the accused repeatedly fails to attend an arranged hearing, the committee will proceed but will not make a decision until evidence and testimony by witnesses are considered. The committee takes the role of prosecutor, judge and jury when handling its cases. After the hearing is opened with a prayer, the accused is invited to make a personal statement. If there is no admission of guilt, the individual is informed of the source of the charges and witnesses are presented one at a time to give evidence. Witnesses do not remain present for the entire hearing. Once all the evidence is presented, the accused and all witnesses are dismissed and the committee reviews the evidence and the attitude of the accused. The committee may determine that there was no "serious sin", or that mitigating circumstances absolve the accused individual. The committee may then proceed with discipline such as is described for 'non-judicial' situations. Alternatively, the committee may decide that a serious sin was committed, in which case, the committee gives verbal admonitions and gauges the individual's attitude and repentance. The committee then decides whether discipline will involve formal reproof or disfellowshipping. Reproof Reproof involves actions for which a person could be disfellowshipped, and is said to be an effort to 'reach the heart' and convince a person of the need to hate the sanctioned actions and repent. Reproof is considered sufficient if the individual is deemed repentant. Reproof is given before all who are aware of the transgression. If the conduct is known only to the individual and the judicial committee, reproof is given privately. If the sin is known by a small number, they would be invited by the elders, and reproof would be given before the sinner and those with knowledge of the sin. If the action is known generally by the entire congregation or the wider community, an announcement is made at the midweek meeting that the person "has been reproved". A related local needs talk may be given, separately to the announcement, without naming anyone. In all cases of reproof, restrictions are imposed, typically prohibiting the individual from sharing in meeting parts, commenting during meetings, and giving group prayers. A reproved Witness cannot enroll as a pioneer or auxiliary pioneer for at least one year after reproof is given. Disfellowshipping All members are expected to abide by the beliefs and moral standards of Jehovah's Witnesses. Serious violations of these requirements can result in disfellowshipping (similar to excommunication) and subsequent shunning if not deemed repentant. When a judicial committee decides that a baptized Witness has committed a serious sin and is unrepentant, the person is disfellowshipped. A person who believes that a serious error in judgment has been made may appeal the decision. Requests for appeal must be made in writing and within seven days of the decision of the judicial committee. At such time, they may use other local elders or elders from nearby congregations. Their shunning policy is based on their interpretation of scriptures such as 1 Corinthians 5:11–13; Matthew 18:15–17; and 2 John 9–11. Witness literature states that avoiding interaction with disfellowshipped former adherents helps to: avoid reproach on God's name and organization by indicating that violations of the Bible's standards in their ranks are not tolerated; keep the congregation free of possible corrosive influences; and convince the disfellowshipped individual to re-evaluate their course of action, repent and rejoin the group. Shunning is also practiced when a member formally resigns membership or is deemed to indicate by their actions—such as accepting a blood transfusion or association with another religion or military organization—that they do not wish to be known as a Witness. Such individuals are said to have disassociated, and are described by the Watch Tower Society as "lawless". When a person is disfellowshipped or is deemed to have disassociated, an announcement is made at the next midweek meeting that the named individual "is no longer one of Jehovah's Witnesses". Congregation members are not informed whether a person is being shunned due to "disfellowshipping" or "disassociation", or on what grounds. Shunning starts immediately after the announcement is made. A notification form is sent to the local branch office and records of the disfellowshipping are saved in the congregational records. Both are kept until at least five years after reinstatement. Failure to adhere to the directions on shunning is itself considered a serious offense. Members who continue to speak to or associate with a disfellowshipped or disassociated person are said to be sharing in their "wicked works" and may themselves be disfellowshipped. Exceptions are made in some cases, such as business relations and immediate family household situations. If a disfellowshipped person is living in the same home with other baptized family members, religious matters are not discussed, with the exception of minors, for whose training parents are still responsible. Disfellowshipped family members outside the home are shunned. Members are instructed to not even greet shunned individuals. Disfellowshipped individuals can continue attending public meetings held at the Kingdom Hall, but are shunned by the congregation. Reinstatement Disfellowshipped individuals may be reinstated into the congregation if they are considered repentant of their previous actions and attitude. If a disassociated or disfellowshipped individual requests reinstatement, a judicial committee, (preferably using the committee originally involved, if available) seeks to determine whether the person has repented. Such individuals must demonstrate that they no longer practice the conduct for which they were expelled from the congregation, as well as submission to the group's regulations. Individuals disfellowshipped for actions no longer considered serious sins are not automatically reinstated. Attending meetings regularly while being shunned is a requirement for eventual reinstatement. Once a decision is made to reinstate, a brief announcement is made to the congregation that the individual "is reinstated as one of Jehovah's Witnesses". Elders are instructed to make an attempt each year to remind disfellowshipped individuals of the steps they can take to qualify for reinstatement. No specific period of time is prescribed before this can happen; however, the Watch Tower Society suggests a period of "perhaps many months, a year, or longer." Congregational restrictions are imposed on reinstated individuals. Participation at religious meetings, including commenting from the audience, is initially not permitted; such "privileges" may be gradually permitted over time if the individual is considered to have "progressed spiritually". Reinstated individuals may be ineligible for many years from serving in positions of responsibility such as an elder, ministerial servant or pioneer. Unbaptized publishers An unbaptized individual who has previously been approved to share in Jehovah's Witnesses' formal ministry, but who subsequently behaves in a manner considered inappropriate may lose privileges, such as commenting at meetings, receiving assignments, or even accompanying the congregation in the public ministry. If an unbaptized individual is deemed unrepentant of actions for which baptized members might be disfellowshipped, an announcement would be made that the person "is no longer a publisher of the good news." Such individuals were previously shunned, but formal restrictions are no longer imposed on unbaptized individuals, though association is generally curtailed. The elders might privately warn individuals in the congregation if the unbaptized person is considered to pose "an unusual threat". Critical view The only way to officially leave Jehovah's Witnesses is to disassociate or be disfellowshipped, and both entail the same set of prohibitions and penalties, with no provision for continued normal association. Jehovah's Witnesses state that disfellowshipping is a scripturally documented method to protect the congregation from the influence of those who practice serious wrongdoing. Critics contend that the judicial process itself, due to its private and nearly autonomous nature, directly contradicts the precedent found in the Bible and the organization's own teachings and can be used in an arbitrary manner if there is consensus among just a few to abuse their authority. According to Raymond Franz, a letter dated September 1, 1980, from the Watch Tower Society to all circuit and district overseers advised that a member who "merely disagrees in thought with any of the Watch Tower Society's teachings is committing apostasy and is liable for disfellowshipping." The letter states that one does not have to "promote" different doctrines to be an apostate, adding that elders need to "discern between one who is a trouble-making apostate and a Christian who becomes weak in the faith and has doubts." Legality In the June 1987 case Paul v. Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York Inc, the United States Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit upheld the Witnesses' right to shun those who fail to live by the group's standards and doctrines, upholding the ruling of a lower court. The court stated: Shunning is a practice engaged in by Jehovah's Witnesses pursuant to their interpretation of canonical text, and we are not free to reinterpret that text. ... We find the practice of shunning not to constitute a sufficient threat to the peace, safety, or morality of the community as to warrant state intervention. ... Courts generally do not scrutinize closely the relationship among members (or former members) of a church. Churches are afforded great latitude when they impose discipline on members or former members. In a review of the case, the 1988 Washington University Law Quarterly remarked: The Ninth Circuit's extension of the free exercise clause to include a privilege against tort liability is incorrect. ... In most of the free exercise cases decided by the Supreme Court the government has acted against the religious group, either by imposing criminal sanctions for religious conduct or denying members some benefit because of their religious beliefs. In Paul, however, the religious group acted as the aggressor, violating the plaintiff's right to emotional well-being. ... The Paul decision is an unfortunate expansion of a doctrine intended to protect individual rights. On May 31, 2018, the Supreme Court of Canada issued a 9–0 decision saying courts have no jurisdiction to review membership questions of a religious organization. "In the end, religious groups are free to determine their own membership and rules; courts will not intervene in such matters save where it is necessary to resolve an underlying legal dispute," Justice Malcolm Rowe wrote in the decision. In 2021, Belgium issued a €12,000 fine to Jehovah's Witnesses for discrimination and inciting hatred against people who left the religion. The fine was initially €96,000 before being reduced. Upon appeal by Jehovah's Witnesses, the fine was acquitted. In 2022, a court case filed by a disfellowshipped woman was subjected to judicial review by the Supreme Court of Norway. Jehovah's Witnesses were denied funding as a religious community for 2021. A counterlawsuit was launched by Jehovah's Witnesses. See also Apostasy (2017 film) Disconnection (Scientology) Ostracism Silent treatment Church membership council Criticism of Jehovah's Witnesses Jehovah's Witnesses practices	Jehovah's Witnesses congregational discipline
"Daylight Robbery on the Orient Express" is the third episode of the sixth series of the British television comedy series The Goodies. The 53rd episode of the show overall, it was first broadcast at 9pm on BBC2. Written by The Goodies, with songs and music by Bill Oddie. Plot The Goodies have started a bogus holiday service, which is engaged by a Detectives Club for its annual outing. The Goodies arrange a mystery train tour aboard the Orient Express but have no intention of taking the train anywhere. The train is boarded by members of the club dressed as famous detectives. At the station, Bill creates the illusion the train is moving by running along the platform with various props, such as a cow, a tree and deer antlers. Inside the train, Graeme narrates the 'journey', while Tim wears female attire to represent each country the train is supposedly going through. A goat supplies extra verisimilitude. A real mystery starts when the train starts moving and the detectives begin to disappear. Graeme sniffs a bottle labelled 'Arsenic' and says: "Aha! The characteristic smell of bitter almonds!" Bill asks: "Isn't that cyanide?" to which Graeme replies: "Precisely. This arsenic has been poisoned!" More detectives disappear or die, prompting Bill to reference the original version of the rhyme from Agatha Christie's novel And Then There Were None: "Ten little <ahem>s, sitting down to dine, someone cut their cufflinks off, now, there's only nine." He later resumes, commenting: "Nine little <ahem>s, sitting there in state, someone lit the touchpaper, now, there's only eight." The train keeps moving, not always on the railway. It transpires a group of badly behaved mimes, originally disguised as the Goodies, have stolen the train as part of an attempt to win the legendary "Gold Bore" at the French "Le Boring" competition. Using wheelchairs, the Goodies and the remaining detectives chase the mimes. The mimes are about to escape on a boat when the goat, also on wheels, butts one of them off a pier and into the boat, which sinks along with them. Cultural references "Murder on the Orient Express". Marcel Marceau — the Goodies, who are all excellent mimes, and who also do all of the dangerous stunts, themselves, look exactly like Marcel Marceau during the "Le Boring" segment. Ironside Hercule Poirot Miss Marple Ellery Queen John Shaft Kojak Sherlock Holmes & Doctor Watson. "And Then There Were None". Lord Peter Wimsey. The theme music from his 1972 BBC series was used in the episode as well.	Daylight Robbery on the Orient Express
Molyneux's problem is a thought experiment in philosophy concerning immediate recovery from blindness. It was first formulated by William Molyneux, and notably referred to in John Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689). The problem can be stated in brief, "if a man born blind can feel the differences between shapes such as spheres and cubes, could he, if given the ability to see, distinguish those objects by sight alone, in reference to the tactile schemata he already possessed?" Original correspondence The question was originally posed to Locke by philosopher William Molyneux, whose wife was blind: To which John Locke responds in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding: Responses In 1709, in An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision, George Berkeley also concluded that there was no necessary connection between a tactile world and a sight world—that a connection between them could be established only on the basis of experience. He speculated: In 1749, Denis Diderot wrote Letter on the blind for the benefit of those who see as a criticism of our knowledge of ultimate reality. A similar problem was also addressed earlier in the 12th century by Ibn Tufail (Abubacer), in his philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus). His version of the problem, however, dealt mainly with colors rather than shapes: Regarding Molyneux's problem, the authors Asif A. Ghazanfar & Hjalmar K. Turesson (2008) have recently noted: One reason that Molyneux's Problem could be posed in the first place is the extreme dearth of human subjects who gain vision after extended congenital blindness. Alberto Valvo estimated that fewer than twenty cases have been known in the last 1000 years. Ostrovsky, et al., studied a woman who gained sight at the age of 12 when she underwent surgery for dense bilateral congenital cataracts. They report that the subject could recognize family members by sight six months after surgery, but took up to a year to recognize most household objects purely by sight. In 2003, Pawan Sinha, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, set up a program in the framework of the Project Prakash and eventually had the opportunity to find five individuals who satisfied the requirements for an experiment aimed at answering Molyneux's question experimentally. Prior to treatment, the subjects (aged 8 to 17) were only able to discriminate between light and dark, with two of them also being able to determine the direction of a bright light. The surgical treatments took place between 2007 and 2010, and quickly brought the relevant subject from total congenital blindness to fully seeing. A carefully designed test was submitted to each subject within the next 48 hours. Based on its result, the experimenters concluded that the answer to Molyneux's problem is, in short, "no". Although after restoration of sight, the subjects could distinguish between objects visually almost as effectively as they would do by touch alone, they were unable to form the connection between an object perceived using the two different senses. The correlation was barely better than if the subjects had guessed. They had no innate ability to transfer their tactile shape knowledge to the visual domain. However, the experimenters could test three of the five subjects on later dates (5 days, 7 days, and 5 months after, respectively) and found that the performance in the touch-to-vision case improved significantly, reaching 80–90%. See also Eşref Armağan Mike May (skier) Mary's room	Molyneux's problem
Dugbe River District is one of 16 districts of Sinoe County, Liberia. As of 2008, the population was 9,083.	Dugbe River District
"Bust Out" is the 23rd episode of the HBO original series The Sopranos and the 10th of the show's second season. It was written by Frank Renzulli, Robin Green, and Mitchell Burgess and directed by John Patterson, and originally aired on March 19, 2000. Starring James Gandolfini as Tony Soprano Lorraine Bracco as Dr. Jennifer Melfi Edie Falco as Carmela Soprano Michael Imperioli as Christopher Moltisanti * Dominic Chianese as Corrado Soprano, Jr. Vincent Pastore as Pussy Bonpensiero Steven Van Zandt as Silvio Dante * Tony Sirico as Paulie Gualtieri Robert Iler as Anthony Soprano, Jr. Jamie-Lynn Sigler as Meadow Soprano Drea de Matteo as Adriana La Cerva * David Proval as Richie Aprile Aida Turturro as Janice Soprano Nancy Marchand as Livia Soprano * = credit only Guest starring John Ventimiglia as Artie Bucco Also guest starring Synopsis Dr. Melfi tells Tony that he seems scared. A witness has identified him as one of two men leaving the scene of Matt's murder, but after a press report that the murder is Mafia-related, the witness retracts his statement. Pussy has another acrimonious meeting with Agent Skip Lipari and denies that he was the second man. Lipari orders him to record Tony admitting to the murder. Tony and Richie subject Davey Scatino's store to a "bust out", using the store's credit to buy expensive merchandise with which to pay off his gambling debt, and doing so until the store goes bankrupt. Tony points out to Davey that the Executive Game was fair and that Davey could just as easily have won, but he is not consoled and is close to suicide. Richie is dissatisfied with the cut he is getting from Davey's store, and with the deal he has with the DiMeo family's sanitation business. Egged on by Janice, he approaches Uncle Junior with the idea of eliminating Tony. Junior admonishes him, but Richie points out that Junior himself planned to kill Tony the previous year. Tony visits Beansie in the hospital and insists on giving him $50,000. Davey's wife does not know about his disastrous debt to Tony. She is friends with Carmela and introduces her to her brother, Victor Musto. Carmela and Victor, who is recently widowed, are immediately attracted to each other. He is a housepainter, and she engages him to wallpaper part of her house. They suddenly kiss when they are alone in a small powder room. They agree that he will come alone the next day, without his assistant. That evening, Victor meets Davey, who confesses that he is ruined, in debt to Tony. The next day, only Victor's assistant comes to Carmela's house. In therapy with Melfi, Tony claims he is fine with going to jail, but only once his kids are grown, so that he is not an absentee father. One night in the kitchen, drunk, he reminds Meadow that he loves her. After some cruel words to A.J., Tony feels bad and tries to get closer to him. At first he resists, but they are happy together, speeding on Tony's boat. Title reference A "bust out" is a fraud tactic, commonly used in the organized crime world, wherein a business' assets and lines of credit are exploited and exhausted to the point of insolvency. Richie and Tony profit from busting out Davey Scatino's sporting goods store in this episode. "Bust out" is also a poker term that Poker News defines as: "To lose all your chips and thus be eliminated from a tournament." Cultural references In bed, Carmela is reading Memoirs of a Geisha. Livia mentions Rose Kennedy, the wealthy matriarch of the Kennedy family. When Richie visits Junior at his home, Junior is watching the CBS daytime soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful. Carmela tells Tony about a Harvard study examining the importance of the father-son relationship she read about in Time. Tony mentions "The Scorpion and the Frog" to David Scatino. At home, the eyewitness is reading Anarchy, State, and Utopia, by Robert Nozick. Richie tells Janice that Mafia rules dictate that an underling cannot kill a boss. She responds, "Tell that to Paul Castellano", referring to the assassination of Castellano by John Gotti. A.J. is shown playing the Dreamcast game Flag to Flag. Music The piano instrumental playing at Nuovo Vesuvio during lunch with Carmela and Christine Scatino is "Cast Your Fate to the Wind". The song "Con te partirò" by Andrea Bocelli appears for the third time this season, played as Carmela thinks about and receives a phone call from the handyman. This song was especially prominent in "Commendatori", playing (among other places) when Carmela and her friends discussed hoping to be free of their husbands. The music playing during the scene wherein the witness realizes the murder victim was a Mafia associate is the second movement from Anton Webern's Variations for Piano, Op. 27. When Carmela is preparing the food for her lunch with Vic Musto, "You're Still the One" by Shania Twain is playing in the background. The song played over the end credits is "Wheel in the Sky" by Journey; this song also played in the scene of painters wallpapering the Sopranos' dining room. Filming locations Listed in order of first appearance: Garden State Plaza in Paramus, New Jersey Ramsey Outdoor in Paramus, New Jersey North Caldwell, New Jersey Washington Middle School in Harrison, New Jersey Long Island City, Queens Satin Dolls in Lodi, New Jersey Great Kills, Staten Island	Bust Out
Myobatrachidae, commonly known as Australian ground frogs or Australian water frogs, is a family of frogs found in Australia and New Guinea. Members of this family vary greatly in size, from species less than long, to the second-largest frog in Australia, the giant barred frog (Mixophyes iteratus), at in length. The entire family is either terrestrial or aquatic frogs, with no arboreal species. Characteristics The family Myobatrachidae contains forms of parental care unique in the animal kingdom. The two species of gastric-brooding frog (genus: Rheobatrachus), are found in this family. The females of these species swallow their young, where they develop until metamorphosis. The pouched frog (Assa darlingtoni) has pouches on the sides of its body. The male will guard the eggs until hatching, and assist the tadpoles into its side, where they stay until metamorphosis. Another form of parental care, although not unique, is found in many species of the genus Limnodynastes, where the male buries himself near an egg mass, and protects the eggs. While many species are adapted to burrowing, helping them survive in semiarid or seasonally arid environments, the turtle frog and sandhill frog go so far as to lay their eggs directly into moist sand several feet below the surface, rather than into water. These species lack tadpoles, with the eggs hatching directly into miniature frogs. These frogs lack adhesive toe discs found in the tree frogs. The family is broken into subfamilies based mainly upon their egg-laying habits. Those of the subfamily Limnodynastinae lay foam nests. The female creates foam by agitating a chemical on her skin with her hands. The foam may float on top of water, or be on land. The subfamily Rheobatrachinae contains the two species of gastric-brooding frogs, and the rest are within the subfamily Myobatrachinae. Taxonomy The following genera are recognised in the family Myobatrachidae. Some taxonomists split these genera into two subfamilies, Myobatrachinae and Rheobatrachinae, while other sources include Limnodynastinae as a subfamily of Myobatrachidae. Notes	Myobatrachidae
The County of Canning is a county (a cadastral division) in Queensland, Australia. The county consists of almost all of the former Shires of Caboolture, Maroochy and Kilcoy and the former City of Caloundra. Its main urbanised areas are centred on the Sunshine Coast (excluding Noosa) and the areas surrounding Caboolture. History Canning was first created by an Order in Council by the Governor of New South Wales on 30 December 1848. It was named in honour of Sir George Canning, who had served as British Foreign Secretary and briefly as Prime Minister. The county was then described in the following terms: On 7 March 1901, the Governor of Queensland proclaimed new boundaries under the Land Act 1897. The south boundary was altered from the 27th parallel to the Caboolture River while the north boundary was extended to the Shire of Noosa boundary. Parishes Canning is divided into parishes, as listed below:	County of Canning
DAGEN (commonly written Dagen) was a Danish newspaper which published for only 41 issues, from 22 October 2002 to 6 December 2002. DAGEN was the first new newspaper in almost 50 years in Denmark. History and profile On 6 December 2002, Dagen had a debt of 34.9 million DKK, and bankruptcy was declared on 13 December 2002. Peter Linck was the creator of the newspaper, and the editor was Kresten Schultz Jørgensen. The newspaper had more media coverage than it itself was able to cover about its bankruptcy. The coverage from other media was intense. Many used the newspaper's own mottos for jokes about its bankruptcy, a famous one was "til folk som kan læse, fra folk som ikke kan regne" (Danish: "for people who can read, from people who can't count") as a reference to the overwhelming bankruptcy it suffered. Mottos DAGEN had a few mottos, in order to draw distance from other current newspapers. Til folk som kan læse, fra folk der kan skrive (Danish: to people who can read, from people who can write). Hverken venstreorienteret eller højreorienteret, men velorienteret (Danish: not left-wing nor right-wing, but well present) See also List of newspapers in Denmark	Dagen (Danish newspaper)
Adam Carolla (born May 27, 1964) is an American radio personality, comedian, actor and podcaster. He hosts The Adam Carolla Show, a talk show distributed as a podcast which set the record as the "most downloaded podcast" as judged by Guinness World Records in 2011. Carolla co-hosted the syndicated radio call-in program Loveline with Drew Pinsky from 1995 to 2005 as well as the show's television incarnation on MTV from 1996 to 2000. He was the co-host and co-creator of the television program The Man Show (1999–2004), and the co-creator and a regular performer on the television show Crank Yankers (2002–2007, 2019–present). He hosted The Adam Carolla Project, a home improvement television program which aired on TLC in 2005 and The Car Show on Speed in 2011. Carolla has also appeared on the network reality television programs Dancing with the Stars and The Celebrity Apprentice. His book In Fifty Years We'll All Be Chicks debuted on The New York Times Best Seller list in 2010, and his second book, Not Taco Bell Material, also reached The New York Times bestseller status. Carolla has made numerous guest appearances on political talk shows as a commentator. He hosted a weekly segment, "Rollin' with Carolla", on Bill O'Reilly's The O'Reilly Factor. Early life Adam Carolla was born on May 27, 1964, to Jim and Kris (née McCall) Carolla. Some sources list his birthplace as Los Angeles County, California, while others list it as Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He grew up in the Los Angeles San Fernando Valley, and his parents separated when he was young. Carolla was not given a middle name by his parents; on his driver's license application he listed his middle name as "Lakers" as a joke. The application was processed without notice. His maternal step-grandfather was screenwriter László Görög. Adam was raised in the North Hollywood neighborhood of Los Angeles. He attended Colfax Elementary School, Walter Reed Junior High, and North Hollywood High School. Carolla did not receive his high school diploma until years later as it was held by the school until a library fine was paid. Carolla can be seen paying off the book and receiving his diploma in an episode of his 2005 television show, The Adam Carolla Project. During his youth, Carolla played Pop Warner football for seven years; he later suggested that being involved in sports saved him from a chaotic home life. During his senior year at North Hollywood High School, Carolla distinguished himself in football. In December 1981, he was named to the First Team Offensive Line, Central Valley League, one of 8 leagues at the time in the LA City Section of the California Interscholastic Federation. In October 2020 he spoke of being recruited by "7 or 8" schools including UC-Davis, Cal Poly Pomona, and Cal Poly San Luis Obispo. He began living on his own at the age of 18. He briefly attended Los Angeles Valley College, a community college, where he was placed on academic probation before dropping out to work in a series of jobs, including carpet cleaner, carpenter, boxing instructor, and traffic school instructor. Although broke, Carolla, his friends, and roommates owned a 1963 Cadillac limousine. In the early 1990s, Carolla studied improvisational comedy with The Groundlings and was a member of the ACME Comedy Theatre troupe. Radio In 1994, Carolla volunteered his services as a boxing trainer to prepare Jimmy Kimmel for a bout being staged by KROQ-FM's morning radio program Kevin and Bean. Kimmel was a regular on the show as "Jimmy the Sports Guy" and he was set to fight another KROQ personality in a boxing exhibition which was being billed as the "Bleeda in Reseda". Carolla parlayed this opportunity into a long-running friendship and business partnership with Kimmel as well as a recurring role on Kevin and Bean as cranky woodshop teacher, Mr. Birchum. Loveline In October 1995, after being signed to the William Morris Agency by Mark Itkin, Carolla was offered the job of co-hosting the evening radio call-in show Loveline. His co-hosts were the physician Drew Pinsky ("Dr. Drew") and metal DJ Riki Rachtman. Carolla received the offer after Pinsky heard him on Kevin and Bean (Rachtman left the show the following year.) Loveline was broadcast on KROQ-FM in Los Angeles and was syndicated nationwide on the former Westwood One radio network. While the format of the program was primarily that of a call-in show wherein listeners would ask questions about sex and relationships, Carolla would often spend much of the show ranting about various topics from fart jokes to extended parodies of radio morning shows, including mocking the format's penchant for useless and repetitive weather and traffic reports. In contrast to the reserved, thoughtful Pinsky, Carolla served as the loud, funny side of the show. Carolla's character was described by one reviewer as "a toned-down version of Howard Stern minus the huge ego". In a late-2003 Loveline episode, Carolla said that Hawaiians are "dumb", "in-bred", "retarded" people who are among the "dumbest people we have". The comments were met with anger in Hawaii and resulted in Lovelines cancellation on Hawaiian affiliate KPOI. The Adam Carolla Show In October 2005, Carolla was announced as the host of a new morning radio show on the Infinity Broadcasting network. His new show would replace the popular syndicated Howard Stern Show (which was moving to satellite radio) in twelve of the 27 markets in which Stern had been broadcast including Los Angeles, Las Vegas, San Francisco, San Diego, Phoenix, and Portland, Oregon. The Adam Carolla Show debuted in January 2006. In early 2008, actor Gerard Butler sat in and observed Adam Carolla on The Adam Carolla Show in order to prepare for his role in The Ugly Truth as a cynical and crass talk-radio host allegedly based on Carolla. On February 18, 2009, The Adam Carolla Show was canceled as part of a format switch at KLSX to AMP FM, a new top 40 station. The final show was Friday, February 20, 2009. Podcasts The Adam Carolla Podcast Carolla started a daily podcast on February 23, 2009, at his personal website, which would evolve into the ACE Broadcasting Network. The first Adam Carolla podcast was downloaded more than 250,000 times in the initial 24 hours, and by the third podcast, it was the number one podcast on iTunes in both the U.S. and Canada. During the debut week, the Adam Carolla podcast recorded 1.6 million downloads. In the second week it recorded 2.4 million downloads. By the fourth episode of the second week, featuring former Adam Carolla Show sidekick Dave Dameshek, the show was downloaded more than 500,000 times. Adam stated that bandwidth cost more than $9,000 a month as of May 2009. At the end of 2009, The Adam Carolla Podcast was selected by iTunes for its end-of-the-year awards as the Best Audio Podcast of 2009. On the April 4, 2010, episode of The Adam Carolla Show, Carolla referred to Filipino boxer Manny Pacquiao as a "fucking idiot" and said of the Philippines: "They got this and sex tours, that's all they have over there. Get your shit together, Philippines." A spokesman for President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo called Carolla an "ignorant fool". Carolla subsequently apologized via Twitter. On May 18, 2011, Carolla noted on Jimmy Kimmel Live! that The Adam Carolla Show had taken the Guinness World Record for the most downloaded podcast ever from previous holder Ricky Gervais by receiving 59,574,843 unique downloads from March 2009 to March 16, 2011. In 2010, Carolla posed for the NOH8 Campaign. In August 2011, Carolla released a podcast where he mocked a petition to the producers of Sesame Street that demanded Bert and Ernie get married on air. He said on air that gay activists should "[j]ust get married, and please shut up" and that "Y.U.C.K." would be more memorable acronym than LGBT, and referring to transgender people he asked: "When did we start giving a shit about these people?" GLAAD characterized the previous remarks by Carolla as offensive, including an assertion that "all things being equal", heterosexual parents make better parents than homosexual parents. Carolla responded: "I'm sorry my comments were hurtful. I'm a comedian, not a politician." "Patent Troll" Lawsuit In 2013, Personal Audio filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Lotzi Digital, Inc., producers of The Adam Carolla Show and several other podcasts on the Carolla Digital Network, in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. The suit alleged that owner Adam Carolla and his network of content infringed on Personal Audio's patent 8,112,504. Using the crowdfunding site FundAnything.com, listeners contributed more than $475,000 (as of August 2014) to support Carolla throughout the legal proceedings. Personal Audio dropped the lawsuit July 29, 2014, stating that the defendants were not "making significant money from infringing Personal Audio's patents". However, Carolla countersued, having already spent hundreds of thousands of dollars mounting a defense against claims he deemed unfounded. Among claims sought by the countersuit was a request that the initial patent be invalidated. On August 15, 2014, Carolla and Personal Audio filed a joint motion to dismiss after reaching a settlement, the details of which were not made public but included a six-week "quiet period" during which neither party could speak to the media. Both parties' claims were dropped without prejudice and, as such, could be refiled at a later date. Television 1996 through 2004 From 1996 to 2000, Carolla and Dr. Drew hosted Loveline on MTV, a television version of the radio show. Carolla began his first original television series with The Man Show, along with partner and friend Jimmy Kimmel, on Comedy Central from 1999 to 2003. He left The Man Show at the same time as Kimmel. Carolla has continued his work with Kimmel as a writer and guest on Jimmy Kimmel Live!. He also appeared on an episode of Space Ghost Coast to Coast around this time. Carolla and partner Daniel Kellison are the heads of Jackhole Productions. The two created the television show Crank Yankers for Comedy Central, which revived the Mr. Birchum character. The show premiered in 2002 on Comedy Central and returned to MTV2 on February 9, 2007, running again until March 30, 2007. The show screened in Australia on SBS Television and The Comedy Channel between 2003 and 2008. The show revived in 2019. 2005 through 2008 From August 2005 to November 2005, Carolla hosted the talk show Too Late with Adam Carolla on Comedy Central. Also in 2005, Carolla was featured in a home remodeling program called The Adam Carolla Project wherein he and a crew of old friends renovated his childhood home. The 13 episodes aired on the cable channel TLC (The Learning Channel) from October through December 2005. The house was then sold for 1.2 million dollars. In 2006, Carolla appeared on the special summer series Gameshow Marathon as a celebrity panelist on the Match Game episode. On the February 18, 2008, broadcast of his radio show, Carolla announced that he would be one of the contestants on the next season of Dancing with the Stars. Later in the broadcast, it was revealed to Carolla that his partner would be Julianne Hough. He was voted off on the April 8, 2008, episode after his performance of the Paso Doble, after incorporating a demonstration of unicycle riding in his dance routine. Dancing with the Stars performances On June 16, 2008, Carolla was selected to host a pilot of an American version of the popular BBC show Top Gear for NBC. In December 2008, NBC decided not to pick up the show. 2009 to present On February 21, 2009, a day after his Los Angeles-based morning radio show was canceled – as part of a format change at KLSX-FM – CBS ordered a comedy pilot, Ace in the Hole, starring Carolla as a husband and father who works as a driving instructor. Carolla created and wrote the pilot with Kevin Hench (Jimmy Kimmel Live!). Carolla stated that Pamela Adlon was to play his wife and Windell Middlebrooks would play his best friend. During his March 30, 2009, podcast, Carolla briefly described the show as being "All in the Family, essentially", with Carolla playing a similar role to that of Archie Bunker. On the July 23, 2009, episode of the Adam Carolla Podcast, Carolla announced that CBS was not picking up the pilot for the 2009 season, "in any way, shape or form". On October 22, 2009, it was reported in Variety that Carolla had struck a deal with NBC to produce a half-hour pilot for a sitcom. The report was later confirmed on January 4, 2010, and was the first comedy pilot ordered by NBC for the season. The untitled project, written by Carolla and Kevin Hench, was a single-camera sitcom that starred Carolla as a contractor and father who attempts to rebuild his life after his wife leaves him. Carolla was set to executive produce the NBC project along with frequent collaborators Kimmel and Hench, as well as his agent James "Babydoll" Dixon, Jon Pollack, Gail Berman, Daniel Kellison, and Lloyd Braun. Universal Media Studios, BermanBraun, and Carolla and Jimmy Kimmel's own Jackhole Industries. On the February 13, 2010, episode of Carolla's CarCast podcast, he revealed that The History Channel had picked up Top Gear US, which NBC had decided against in 2008. On the March 26, 2010, episode of CarCast, Carolla said that he would not be co-hosting Top Gear US because of scheduling conflicts with his NBC sitcom project. In June 2010, Carolla said that his NBC pilot had not been picked up and was now "dead". Premiering on February 19, 2012, Carolla was also one of the contestants in the 12th season of NBC's The Celebrity Apprentice. He was fired in Week 4, because host Donald Trump perceived that Carolla did not utilize teammate Mario Andretti's car background during a Buick presentation. In 2022, Carolla competed in season eight of The Masked Singer as "Avocado". He was eliminated on "Comedy Roast Night" alongside Chris Jericho as "Bride". The Car Show Carolla's The Car Show debuted on Speed TV July 13, 2011. Appearing Wednesdays at 10 pm Eastern, it featured Carolla as the host, along with Dan Neil, John Salley, and Matt Farah. It had a format similar to Top Gear, mixing car reviews, tests and humor. The show was initially met with positive reviews from car enthusiasts and comedy fans. Talk show host and comedian Jay Leno called The Car Show, "a lot of fun". The Car Show was cancelled after one season, after undergoing format changes due to low ratings, as Carolla mentioned on his podcast on January 13, 2012. Catch a Contractor Catch a Contractor is a non-scripted, original series on Spike, hosted by Carolla along with "no-nonsense contractor" Skip Bedell and his wife, investigator Alison Bedell. Together they expose unethical contractors and seek retribution for wronged homeowners. The show premiered on March 9, 2014, to 1.2 million viewers, the largest audience for a series debut on Spike since Coal in March 2011. The show was cancelled in 2015. Adam Carolla and Friends Build Stuff Live Premiering on Spike TV on March 14, 2017, Adam Carolla and Friends Build Stuff Live features Carolla building projects live and in studio with some of his Hollywood friends, and tackling viewers' home improvement projects via social media. Voice acting Carolla has also done voice acting in animation, including Commander Nebula on the Disney animated series Buzz Lightyear of Star Command, Death on Family Guy (replacing Norm Macdonald) and Spanky Ham on Drawn Together. He was also the voice of the éclair police officer, Wynchell, in the Disney film Wreck-It Ralph. In 2008 and 2009, he was the spokesperson for T.G.I. Friday's. Film In 2003, he appeared in Windy City Heat as himself. In 2006, Carolla finished work on The Hammer, a semi-autobiographical independent film he co-wrote and co-produced, in which he stars opposite Heather Juergensen. The film is based loosely on his own life and is filmed at a gym he helped build with his co-star, Ozzie, played by Oswaldo Castillo, his friend in real life whom he met while building the gym when they both worked in construction. The film made its world premiere at the 2007 Tribeca Film Festival in New York City and shortly thereafter received a positive review in Variety. The film was released on March 21, 2008. The film is rated 80% on Rotten Tomatoes. Adam made a short appearance in Jeff Balis' Still Waiting... (a sequel to Waiting...) playing a pick-up artist guru. Adam helped write an unproduced screenplay for a film entitled Deaf Frat Guy: Showdown at Havasu. He is the voice of Virgil in the independent short film Save Virgil. In July 2013, Carolla used crowdfunding for Road Hard; a film he directed and starred in, about the lives of aging road comics. Adam confirmed through a press conference that the film would co-star David Alan Grier, Illeana Douglas, Diane Farr, and Larry Miller. It had limited theatrical release in the United States. Several minutes of the credits are devoted to listing the names of those who helped crowdfund the film. Carolla also directed the documentary Winning: The Racing Life of Paul Newman on the 35-year car racing career of Paul Newman. The documentary showcases Newman's racing life as both a prolific driver and owner. In 2017, Carolla and Dennis Prager began filming No Safe Spaces, a documentary about political correctness at universities. No Safe Spaces had a limited opening on October 25, 2019, and did well enough to open nationwide on December 6, 2019. Filmography Books Carolla and Drew Pinsky co-wrote (with Marshall Fine) the self-help book The Dr. Drew and Adam Book: A Survival Guide to Life and Love, published in 1998. The book is a compilation of some of the advice the pair compiled while producing Loveline. In November 2010, Carolla's In Fifty Years We'll All Be Chicks... And Other Complaints from an Angry Middle-Aged White Guy was published by Crown Archetype and debuted at number eight on The New York Times Best Seller list for hardcover non-fiction on November 21, 2010. The book was compiled from rants Carolla had delivered on his radio show and podcast along with some new material and was dictated to and ghost-written by Mike Lynch. Carolla published a short, illustrated e-book entitled Rich Man, Poor Man in January 2012. The book details some similarities in the experiences of the very rich and the very poor which are not shared by the middle class. The book was illustrated by Michael Narren. Carolla's book Not Taco Bell Material was published by Crown Archetype on June 12, 2012. In President Me: The America That's in My Head, Carolla presents the comedian's fantasy of the United States with him at the helm. When asked in separate interviews, both before and after the book's release, about whether the "if-I-were-king" critique of America was a serious piece, he said it's both: "Well, there's a lot of jokes in it, but you know, it's like... Well, if you have a fat friend you may make a lot of fat jokes about your fat friend, but he's still fat". In Daddy, Stop Talking!: And Other Things My Kids Want But Won't Be Getting, Carolla writes about modern parenting. Carolla describes what he believes adults must do if they don't want to have to support their kids forever. Carolla uses his own childhood as a cautionary tale, and decries helicopter parenting. Carolla's book, I'm Your Emotional Support Animal: Navigating Our All Woke, No Joke Culture, was published by Post Hill Press on June 16, 2020. Carolla's latest book, Everything Reminds Me of Something, was published by Post Hill Press on July 19, 2022. Views Religious Carolla is an atheist. Political Regarding his political views, Carolla has stated, "I guess I would be Republican, in the sense that I want a secure border, I'm not into the welfare state, I'm not into all those freebie lunch programs. It just kind of demeans people." He goes on to state, however, that he is also in favor of typically liberal causes such as the legalization of marijuana (he is a member of the advisory board of the Marijuana Policy Project) and support for some progressive causes such as "[being] against semi-automatic and automatic weapons. I'm not an NRA guy by any stretch of the imagination. I'd like alternative energy to be explored and electric cars to be used, but I want them to be powered by nuclear power plants." Elsewhere, he has stated, "My feeling is this whole country is founded on the principle of 'If you are not hurting anyone, and you're not fucking with someone else's shit, and you are paying your taxes, you should be able to just do what you want to do.' It's the freedom and the independence." In an interview with Reason TV, Carolla described his views as libertarian. Carolla expressed his support for Andrew Yang's 2020 presidential run. Women and comedy In June 2012, Carolla gave a printed interview to the New York Post, where among other things he stated that "chicks" are "always the least funny on the writing staff" and that "dudes are funnier than chicks". Carolla's comments were criticized as sexist. Carolla criticized coverage of his comments as over-simplistic and misleading. Cancel culture Carolla said, "If you meet anyone over 45, they'll tell you they got paddled, they got swatted, the teacher would smack them with a ruler. … Paddling a kid sounds pretty outrageous in 2020 and nobody would stand for it. ... But the people who engaged in it at the time when it was common practice or had a context, we don't need to build a time machine so we can cancel-culture them". In an interview with Tucker Carlson, Carolla said that cancel culture is "destroying free speech and killing comedy." Personal life On September 28, 2002, Carolla married Lynette Paradise. The couple's twins Natalia and Santino "Sonny" Richard Carolla were born June 7, 2006. Carolla announced in May 2021 that he and Lynette were divorcing after 19 years. He currently lives in La Cañada Flintridge, California. Carolla was a part owner of Amalfi, an Italian restaurant in Los Angeles, saying, "I own about two percent of it, but I've never seen a penny." Carolla won the 2013 Pro/Celebrity Race as a professional and the 2012 Pro/Celebrity Race at the Toyota Grand Prix of Long Beach as an amateur. The 2012 race was run on April 14, 2012, and was broadcast on Speed TV. Carolla has previously participated in the race in 2010 and 2003. He finished ninth among 19 racers (fifth among the ten celebrities) in 2010 despite being regarded as a pre-race favorite. He is also a serious automobile collector with over 20 cars. His collection includes several Lamborghinis from the 1960s and early 1970s, including two Miuras (of 764 examples ever produced), one of which he has loaned to the Petersen Automotive Museum in Los Angeles, two 400GT 2+2s (of 247 units produced) and a 1965 350GT (one of 135 built). At least one Ferrari, an Aston Martin, and several vintage race cars round out the collection. Honors Carolla and Drew Pinsky received a Sexual Health in Entertainment (SHINE) Award from The Media Project in 2000 for "incorporating accurate and honest portrayals of sexuality" in the talk show category for Loveline. Asteroid (4535) Adamcarolla is named in his honor.	Adam Carolla
Vishnuvardhana II (673 – 682 C.E.) became the Eastern Chalukya king following the very short rule of his father Indra Bhattaraka. His son Mangi Yuvaraja succeeded him.	Vishnuvardhana II
Viking Skull are a hard rock band originally from Corby, Northamptonshire, England. Formed in 2002, the band currently features vocalist and guitarist Roddy Stone, guitarists Frank Regan and Dom Wallace, bassist Kevin "Waldie" James and American drummer Jess Margera. Founded by Stone, Regan and Waldie with guitarist Darren Smith and drummer Gordon Morrison, the group were initially intended as a semi-comedic support band for Raging Speedhorn, which featured some of Viking Skull's members. After releasing Chapter One and Born in Hell, Viking Skull came closing to breaking up when Smith and Morrison left the band in 2006. Julian "Jules" Cooper and Jess Margera replaced the departed members and released Chapter Two in 2007. With Rich Vose replacing Cooper and the addition of Dom Wallace, Doom, Gloom, Heartache & Whiskey was released in 2008. Regan returned for 2012's Cursed by the Sword, and following a brief hiatus, their self-titled studio release Viking Skull was released in 2016. History 2002–2006: Early years and releases Viking Skull were formed in Corby, Northamptonshire in 2002 by Raging Speedhorn members Frank Regan, Darren Smith (both guitar) and Gordon Morrison (drums), along with their guitar technician Roddy Stone (vocals) and their merchandising manager Kevin "Waldie" James (bass). After playing at local shows for a number of months, the band recorded their debut extended play (EP) Chapter One over the course of two days with a budget of approximately £500, releasing the finished product in 2003 through Grand Union Recordings. Chapter One was received positively by critics, with Metal Hammer magazine awarding its first 11 out of 10 review to the EP. In promotion of the EP, Viking Skull toured throughout 2004 in support of acts including Dio, HIM, Sum 41, Alice Cooper and Brides of Destruction, as well as performing at that year's Download Festival. In November, the group supported Murderdolls frontman Wednesday 13 on a tour of the UK. However, Regan left the band part way through the tour, forcing Stone to take on guitar duties in addition to vocals. In October 2005, the band were removed from a tour headlined by Alice Cooper and Twisted Sister, reportedly in order to increase the time given to the set of the latter. Twisted Sister's guitarist Jay Jay French later commented on the event, rejecting the group's claim that they were "thrown off" the tour and accusing the tour's management of misleading them. Later tour dates included support slots for Clutch and CKY. The band released their first full-length studio album, Born in Hell, in November 2005. Contrary to Chapter One, however, the album received mixed reviews; a review by Blabbermouth.net, for instance, described Born in Hell as "a short, silly, fun slab of heavy metal cliché", while AllMusic's Greg Prato criticised its lyrics. The following January they were signed to 456 Entertainment, a record label co-founded by television and radio host Carson Daly. The label was used for the US release of Born in Hell later in the year, which also coincided with a short UK tour of four shows in June. The tour culminated in the band's appearance at Download Festival. 2006–2015: Lineup changes and hiatus In September 2006 it was announced that both Smith and Morrison had left the band, with Stone appealing for new members. By November, Julian "Jules" Cooper (formerly in Echobelly) and CKY drummer Jess Margera had replaced the departed members, with the new line-up beginning work on an album shortly after being finalised. Margera has claimed that he "unwittingly had something to do with" the near-breakup of the band, after encouraging the members to drink on his tour bus, which led to arguments and the departure of Morrison. Explaining that CKY took a lot of time between album releases so he "had plenty of time to do it", the drummer also noted that Morrison left to focus on Raging Speedhorn. The recording of the new line-up's first album was funded by Margera and took place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The result, Chapter Two, was released in September 2007 and featured guest appearances from Fireball Ministry's Reverend James Rota, Rich Vose of Gnarkill and Unkle Matt and the ShitBirdz, and CKY guitarist Chad I Ginsburg. "Blackened Sunrise" was also featured on Bam Margera's compilation album Viva la Bands, Volume 2, and a music video directed by Bam and recorded in West Chester was released for the song. A short promotional tour for the album took place in the UK in January 2008, with support from Year Long Disaster. The band played their first show in the United States on 26 July 2008 at the Filthy Note Theatre in West Chester, Pennsylvania, Margera's hometown. At the time of the show's announcement, it was also reported that the group would be commencing work on their third album Doom, Gloom, Heartache & Whiskey whilst in the US, with Ginsburg leading its production. The album was released in November on Powerage Records, a new label co-founded by Classic Rock magazine. It was supported on a UK tour in December, as well as a stint supporting Clutch in the US before the end of the month. For the tour, newly recruited guitarist Vose was replaced by the returning Darren Smith, due to Vose "being missing and not being able to be contacted". Original guitarist Frank Regan rejoined Viking Skull at the beginning of 2010 and the group set about work on their next album, which a posting on their MySpace page described as being "balls-out, meat-and-potatoes riffs (as always), but having the humour of Chapter One and Born in Hell". In October the compilation Heavy Metal Thunder was released, which included remastered versions of both Chapter One and Born in Hell, as well as a number of previously unreleased bonus tracks. The band's third studio album Cursed by the Sword followed in May 2012, released by Transcend Music. The group went on hiatus after the album's release. 2015–present: Return and fourth album In January 2015, the band started a Kickstarter project in order to fund a potential new studio album entitled Chapter III (later renamed Viking Skull), asking for £10,000 in donations from fans. The album was originally estimated for an October release date by frontman Stone, although this was later pushed back to early 2016. The band also completed a short tour of UK venues in February 2016. Musical style Viking Skull are commonly categorised as a hard rock and heavy metal band. They are said to be heavily influenced by Black Sabbath, with additional stylistic comparisons including AC/DC, Motörhead, The Who, Riot, Thin Lizzy, Kiss and W.A.S.P. In a review of Born in Hell for Blabbermouth.net, Keith Bergman described the group as "swaggering UK cock-rockers", while Greg Prato of AllMusic dubbed them as "down 'n' dirty biker rock". Drummer Jess Margera described the band's sound in a 2008 interview as "straight up beer drinking rock in the vein of Motörhead, [Iron] Maiden, [Black] Sabbath, and AC/DC", while the Crew Guardian noted that the band mix the musical styles of their influences with "whiskey drenched vocals" to create "an uncompromising brand of classic metal of their own." Band members Current members Roddy Stone – vocals, guitar (2002–present) Frank Regan – guitar (2002–2004, 2010–present) Dom Wallace – guitar (2008–present) Kevin "Waldie" James – bass (2002–present) Jess Margera – drums (2006–present) Former members Darren Smith – guitar (2002–2006, 2008) Gordon Morrison – drums (2002–2006) Julian "Jules" Cooper – guitar (2006–2008) Rich Vose – guitar (2008) Discography Studio albums Live albums Compilation albums Extended plays	Viking Skull
The University of Melbourne Student Union (UMSU) is one of two student organisations at the University of Melbourne, Australia. UMSU, incorporated as University of Melbourne Student Union, Inc. (UMSU) provides representation and services for all current students and the University of Melbourne. Following the liquidation of its predecessor, The Melbourne University Student Union (MUSU), UMSU was incorporated on 17 November 2005, following approval by the Council of the University of Melbourne in October of that year. Its first elections were held in October 2005 under the transitional clauses of the constitution. Culture There is a long history of student activities at the University of Melbourne. The Union Band Comp has kick-started the careers of several well-known Australian bands, and an annual comedy review once produced the Working Dog crew. Several Members of Parliament were active within the MUSU, including Sir Robert Menzies (former Australian Prime Minister), Lindsay Tanner (Member for Melbourne) and Sophie Mirabella (Former Member for Indi). Theatres The Union Theatre, also known as the Union House Theatre, was founded around 1953, along with the Union Theatre Repertory Company. A large number of notable Australian performers, writers and other notable people did some of their earliest work there, including Cate Blanchett, Barry Humphries, Steve Vizard, Barrie Kosky, Graeme Blundell, and Germaine Greer. It is on the ground floor of the Student Union. The Guild Theatre is on Level 1. Student clubs and Societies Over 200 student-run clubs and societies are affiliated to UMSU, which supports these organisations though financial grants and administrative assistance. The groups affiliated with UMSU range from the Fotoholics - Photography Club to the Pirates, but the largest and most notable of these societies are the faculty clubs (Arts' Students Society & Science Students' Society) which have the largest balls and parties on campus. Theatre clubs Union House Theatre is the facilitator of student theatre at the Parkville campus, and runs two theatre spaces available for use by student theatre groups. Student theatre groups include the Melbourne University Absurdist Theatre Society (MUATS), the University of Melbourne Music Theatre Association (UMMTA), the Throwback Players and the Union Players, as well as groups for the Colleges. Faculty theatre clubs include the Law and Medical Revues. Theatre clubs from culturally diverse backgrounds include Chinese and Sri Lankan theatre groups. Faculty clubs There are seven notable faculty clubs at the University of Melbourne: The Melbourne Arts Students' Society, The Science Students' Society, The Engineering Students' Club, The Commerce Students' Society, The Biomedicine Students' Society, The Environments Students' Society (ENVi), and the Music Students' Society (MSS). All clubs run events throughout the year aimed at integrating new students into university life, running social activities and liaising between the faculties and the current students to enable and encourage their studies and enable opportunities for future employment. Political clubs Political clubs in 2020 include Melbourne International Relations Society (MIRS) Liberals, the ALP Club (Labor Left), Labor (Labor Right), Greens, Socialist Alternative and Solidarity, as well as clubs representing Amnesty International and the Political Interest Society. A number of activist campaign groups are affiliated to the student union, including the Campus Refugee Rights Club and the Australian Youth Climate Coalition. Cultural and linguistic clubs As of 2023, there are 43 cultural and linguistic clubs. Out of those, there are 29 Asian cultural and linguistic clubs, 4 Middle Eastern cultural and linguistic clubs, 5 European cultural and linguistic clubs, 1 African club and 4 broader cultural and linguistic clubs. Debating society The Melbourne University Debating Society is one of Victoria's oldest student organisations, founded in 1876. MUDS holds weekly debating competitions, as well as larger annual invitational competitions for other universities in the lead-up to the World Universities Debating Championships, and the Australasian Intervarsity Debating Championships. Historically, the University of Melbourne has been very successful, hosting the 1993 World Universities Debating Championship, and making it to the Grand Final of the 2003 WUDC. Additionally, MUDS were the champions of the 2019 Australasian Intervarsity Debating Championships. The Society also hosts Public Debates, and is one of the largest student groups on campus. Special Interest As of 2021, there are 35 special interest clubs including Unimelb Love Letters and the Bullet Journal and Stationery Club. Funding The student union had been funded by compulsory Amenities and Services Fees since 1911. The introduction of VSU saw a significant loss of funding for the union, as the ASF was no longer charged from 1 July 2006. On 11 October 2011 the SSAF was introduced which led to a large increase in funding to the Union, though not as high as in the pre-VSU era. In 2014 the Union was allocated just under $4.5 Million by the University, or 34% of the total SSAF revenue collected. The union funds a range of services including: the Rowden White library; the Student Union Advocacy and Legal Service; the campus information centre; the Union House Theater, Clubs and Societies, Farrago, Student Representation and common areas in Union House. This allocation also covers staff salaries, and office bearer honorariums. UMSU additionally collects a small amount of revenue from event ticket sales, AV and BBQ hire, sponsorship and other sources. History The University of Melbourne Union was founded in 1884 to promote the common interests of students and assist in social interactions between its members. The Melbourne University Students’ Representative Council was formed as an independent unincorporated association at a special general meeting called by the Sports Union Council on 19 September 1907. The Associations Incorporation Act (1981) allowed incorporation of student bodies, among others. The Students’ Association in 1987 as the Melbourne College of Advanced Education Students’ Association-Carlton Incorporated, and the Students’ Representative Council was incorporated in 1988 as Melbourne University Students’ Representative Council Incorporated. In October 1988 the two merged to form Melbourne University Student Union Incorporated (MUSUi). Relocation to New Student Precinct After over 100 years in Union House, UMSU was relocated to the New Student Precinct in 2022. UMSU is now housed across neighbouring buildings in the Precinct, with most of the organisation residing in Building 168 (formerly Doug McDonell Building). Union House Theatre and George Paton Gallery are now located in the Arts & Cultural Building, while the Rowden White Library can be found in the Student Pavilion. Voluntary liquidation From 2002, some of the union's unprofitable commercial services were terminated, including U-Bar, and a property deal was entered into with Optima Property Development Group. A draft report from auditor PricewaterhouseCoopers warned in June 2003 that this could potentially create obligations beyond MUSUi's capacity to pay. The deal was for MUSUi to sublease student apartments to international students from the Optima Group. It did not proceed. On 30 September 2003, Vice-Chancellor Alan Gilbert informed MUSUi that the University was terminating the 2003 Funding Agreement, effectively stripping it of any future money, citing "evidence of breaches by MUSUI of its obligations under the Agreement", (the agreement being "providing facilities, services or activities of direct benefit to students at the institution"). He also cited a "serious breakdown in governance, financial management and accountability structures within MUSU". On 6 February 2004, the Union was placed into liquidation by the Supreme Court of Victoria after a vote by the Student Union Executive. MUSU's liquidator, Dean Royston McVeigh, said in his provisional liquidator's report, that the Union owed debts of $4.3 million (mainly to the University of Melbourne) but only had assets of $3.5 million. McVeigh acknowledged that these "debts" were the result of creative accounting by the University, with the University ultimately relinquishing any claim to such "debts". As a result, it was no longer student-controlled (a prerequisite for affiliation to NUS) and was in any case unable to pay affiliation fees. A new constitution was approved. Master Ewart Evans, who was presiding over the hearings of the liquidators' examination until his retirement in 2005, was critical of the "somewhat precipitative" timing of civil court proceedings, which McVeigh quickly settled out of court after much adverse publicity about his own fees and expenses believed to total more than $8 million prior to producing a Liquidator's Report and convening a meeting of creditors. The downfall of MUSU was satirised by the Union Players in the play Friday Night at the Union in 2004. Recent political history Following the 2004 annual election, a coalition between the Liberal Club and the Labor right was defeated by a cooperative left, made up of National Labor Students (ALP Club), Socialist Alternative and a group of progressive students who are not involved in other politics called Activate. The positions won by the left groups were for an interim student representative committee established by the University to oversee student representation and advocacy until the incorporation of UMSU. UMSU saw few changes in its power dynamic from 2005-07. In 2007 National Labor Students held the President, Secretary and Education (Academic) Offices. The makeup of the 2007 Student Council had no ALSF presence (due to the Liberal Student tickets withdrawing from the annual elections prior to the opening of the ballot). The 2007 UMSU budget, due to funding cuts caused by VSU, was reduced from just over $2m in 2006 to $1.23m in 2007. This resulted in reductions in funding for departments, particularly those which traditionally have been considered high, such as the Activities, Clubs and Societies and Media Departments. In 2008, the National Labor Students and Grassroots tickets, running as StandUp! and Activate respectively, won most of the paid positions in the Student Union. Their tenure in 2009 was highlighted by difficulties in passing budgetary support towards the National Union of Students and Students for Palestine organizations. 2009 saw nearly all major elected positions won by a Labor Right-Liberal coalition called Synergy. On Student Council, Synergy were elected to four positions (two Liberals and two Student Unity) and five positions were won by iUnion, a newly established ticket run by international students and former StandUp! office bearers. 2012 saw the union criticised for the decision to not lay a $200 wreath at the ANZAC dawn service, with President Mark Kettle stating that "participating in the ANZAC Day service would be ‘glorifying war’". There was also a publication in a major daily newspaper that student resources had been were used to support "a live and extreme sex show performed on campus for "sex education" purposes." 2013 again saw the union criticised, when they passed a motion to unreservedly celebrate the death of Margaret Thatcher, resulting in media coverage from the Herald Sun and a large student backlash against the union over Facebook. Presidents Affiliation to NUS UMSU is an affiliate to Australia's peak representative body for students, the National Union of Students (NUS). With the University of Melbourne having over 30,000 students of an Equivalent full-time student load (EFTSL), UMSU is the largest union to affiliate to NUS. Due to this, at the yearly National Conference of NUS in December, UMSU is the most represented student organisation. UMSU holds 7 delegate positions, and a grand total of 182 votes on conference floor. The election of NUS Delegates is undertaken during the general elections in early September of each year. Initial constitution The Constitution of UMSU was drafted by a Student Representative Working Group, members of whom were elected in 2004 by electronic ballot; the University Secretary was appointed Returning Officer. The University was closely involved in the drafting process and provided free legal advice to the Working Group. These student Working Group members consisted of both undergraduate and post-graduate members, and the overall composition of the Working Group was factionally diverse, with the incumbent Student Unity/ALSF coalition being reduced to opposition status. Due to a large number of inquorate meetings, the Working Group instituted a drop-off rule. The Working Group persisted until mid-2005, when the final draft of the Constitution was presented to the Council of the University. In September 1052 out of 1240 students voted in favour of accepting the new constitution. The Constitution itself was largely based on the MUSU Constitution, with a number of innovations, including affirmative action provisions, pay-parity and strict accountability mechanisms curbing the powers of the President and Secretary in particular. It also created the Clubs & Societies Department (which in the past had been a part of the Activities Department) and the Indigenous Department. Paid officers UMSU has a number of paid officers, which include: the President; the General Secretary; Media Officers; Education (Academic Affairs) Officer; Education (Public Affairs) Officers; Activities Officers; Creative Arts Officers; Clubs and Societies Officers; Welfare Officer; Environment Officers; Indigenous Officers; Disabilities Officers; Queer Officers; Women's Officers; People of Colour Officers; the Burnley Campus Coordinator; the Southbank Campus Coordinators; the Southbank Activities Officer, and the Southbank Education Officer. Aside from the positions of President, General Secretary, the campus coordinator of Burnley, the Southbank Activities Officer and the Southbank Education officer, all other offices can be shared between two people. The Media Office must be shared between three or four people. UMSU has a pay parity provision in its constitution which stipulates that all full-time officers must be paid an equal wage and that all part-time officers be paid at a .6 fraction of the full-time rate of pay. The Burnley Campus Coordinator is paid at .5 fraction of the full-time rate of pay and the Southbank Activities and Southbank Education Officers are paid at .6 fraction of the full-time rate of pay. Elections and current factions Elections Elections for positions within UMSU are determined through direct election during the first week of September each year. This sees the election of 32 paid office bearers of 17 representative departments, as well as 21 students who sit on UMSU's peak decision body, Students Council. The election of representatives onto department committees and seven NUS delegates also occurs at this time, with the election of a student representative onto the University's Council occurring every two years. As of the 2016 election, the UMSU constitution has applied Affirmative Action to the election of positions held by more than one representative. This mandates that in all Office Bearer positions, at least 50% of elected representatives must identify as a woman, with the Women's Department having to elect at least one officer that identifies as a Woman of Colour. This is extended to Students Council and department committees, which must elect women into 50%+1 of all positions. In the election of roles within autonomous departments, as well as the election of restricted autonomous positions on Students Council, only those who identify with the represented group are eligible to run. The Students' Council, the peak body for the union, is made up of 21 student representatives. There are 15 General Representatives, plus 6 for special constituencies – Queer, Indigenous, International, Graduate, Students with Disabilities and Students of Colour. 2022 election results At the 2022 election, no nominations were received for the position of Indigenous Representative. 2021 election results Notable associations Several Members of Parliament were active within Melbourne University student life, including Sir Robert Menzies (former Australian Prime Minister), Gareth Evans (former Australian Foreign Minister), Lindsay Tanner (former Member for Melbourne), Michael Danby (former Member for Melbourne Ports), Richard Marles (Deputy Prime Minister of Australia), Alan Tudge (Member for Aston), and Sophie Mirabella (former Member for Indi). Notable past presidents include: Robert Menzies (1916-17) Evan Thornley (1987) Richard Marles (1988) Andrew Landeryou (1991) Alan Tudge (1991)	University of Melbourne Student Union
Desolation Sound Marine Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, and is distinguished by its many picturesque sheltered coves and anchorages, frequented by yachts and pleasure craft. The scenery consists of waterfalls, rugged glaciated peaks, and their steep forested slopes that fall into the ocean. Its many inlets, islets, coves, and bays attract many pleasure craft each summer, when it is not uncommon for a hundred boats to share a small anchorage. The sound is home to a wide variety of wildlife and still relatively free from development, although some areas, such as Theodesia Inlet, show signs of clear-cut logging. The area has a long history of use by First Nations and supports tremendous ecological diversity. From the time when Captain George Vancouver first visited the area to modern time Indigenous people have been pressured off their land and have lost access to most of their hunting and gathering spots due to environmental protection, tourists and pollution. Health authorities that are operated by First Nations groups are currently investigating the effects of environmental pollution in the area. Land use in the marine area is now strictly controlled by the BC provincial government and any operations in this marine area that do not conform to the laws are eradicated. Location and size The park is located approximately 32 km north of Powell River and 150 km north of Vancouver. This provincial marine park, which is about 84 km2 in size is only accessible by boat. Desolation Sound Marine Provincial Park created by the Government of British Columbia in 1973, under the advocacy of MLA Don Lockstead and the New Democratic Party government, out of an area comprising and over of shoreline. The park is located at the confluence of Malaspina Inlet and Homfray Channel. History Desolation Sound was first named this way by Captain George Vancouver. When he first sailed there, he encountered what he described as mostly abandoned Native settlements, gloomy weather and barren land. It was, however, only temporarily empty due to a few factors. The first is that his visit likely came after a smallpox outbreak; second, it was the time of the year when most people would be inland hunting and gathering. Third, First Nations people were likely avoiding the Lekwiltok raiders. Another significant factor was that Vancouver’s view was influenced by “European cultural aesthetics,” as he didn't recognize most indigenous-altered landscapes as occupied by people. While Vancouver saw Desolation Sound as an unattractive and empty land, people later came to value it as full of untouched nature. The history of Desolation Sound Marine Park is intimately connected with the erasure of First Peoples’ presence from their ancestral lands. What non-Indigenous people see as conservation efforts comes in direct conflict with the lives of the Sliammon First Nations (Tla'amin Nation), who used to live, hunt, gather and practice their culture on these lands. Many also see Indigenous People's presence as ruining nature's pristine emptiness. The Sliammon First Nations, however, provide an opposing narrative of unequal power relations and a homeland turned into a landscape for non-Native visitors, taken over and destroyed by outsiders. Starting from 1875, they were, over time, pushed out of their communities into small reserves, and in 1920, legislation was enacted allowing the government to unilaterally reduce allocated reserve land. First Nations As First Nations were pressured off their land, Desolation Sound once again became a wild and uninhabited paradise in the eyes of yachters and other people looking for a retreat from industrial modernity. And while the Sliammon tried to continue hunting, gathering and participating in cultural activities, parts of the area were leased to non-Indigenous residents with tourists and summer residents, increasing clashes of interest between them. Summer houses were built in prime gathering and hunting locations and archeological sites, including graves, were robbed for souvenirs and environmental protection infringed on their ability to use what was left of the unoccupied land. While the area was under environmental protection, only some aspects of the park environment were protected. It is only more recently that people began to value the 10000-year history of the area's Native occupants, who have built their lives around what Captain Vancouver called Desolation Sound. Increased tourism, however, harms the First Nations and the environment. Untreated sewage and accidental fuel leaks from homes and boats have led to toxic pollution, dangerous for marine life and those relying on seafood for sustenance. As a result, the Sliammon are afraid to eat the little traditional food available to gather after the government leased their best gathering spots to oyster farmers. Overall, the Sliammon First Nations, like many others, have been harmed by the seemingly benevolent creation of parks, including the Desolation Sound Marine Park. Their identity is deeply integrated with the environment. While many still maintain the spiritual connection and use of land, it is increasingly complicated by Settler private property, tourism, pollution and ecologically protected areas. Government relationship Desolation Sound Provincial Park is an important part of traditional territory for the Sliammon and Klahoose First Nations. The areas within the park contain important historical and spiritual sites which are culturally, economically, and socially important to the First Nations groups. According the BC government, Sliammon First Nations reviewed treaty negotiation documents and provided input to the planning process which is reflected in various sections of the parks management plan. In 2008, both First Nations groups (Sliammon and Klahoose) were involved in treaty negotiations with senior levels of government. First Nations are able to exercise aboriginal rights subject to conservation, public safety and public health values. The final treaty may provide additional directions or changes on aboriginal rights within the park areas. BC First Nations Environmental Contaminations Program First Nations Projects that investigate the connection between environmental pollutants and human health are supported by the First Nations Health Authority's Environmental pollutants Program (ECP). Its goals are to encourage capacity building and assist First Nations communities in British Columbia in addressing their environmental health challenges. The Program integrates Indigenous methods of knowing, traditional knowledge, and empirical science to support community-based research on environmental health challenges. Ecology Fauna Desolation Sound Marine Park supports a diversity of terrestrial and marine species. Some terrestrial wildlife identified within the park include large mammal species like black-tailed deer and black bears while small fur-bearing mammals, and various species of reptile also inhabit the park. The park is also home to an abundance of marine animals including spawning and rearing areas for species of salmon and other fish like herring, while also supporting mammalian species such as porpoises and fin footed mammals like seals. The park also supports many migratory birds including several species of ducks and gulls; however, the presence of the marbled murrelet is particularly well documented because 10% of the Canadian Population and 1% of the global population of this bird species use the Marine Park in the summer and fall. The marbled murrelet is studied extensively because it has been listed as threatened by federal legislation since 1990, while agencies in British Columbia list it as a species of special concern. Other species at risk in the park include orcas, sea lions, eulachon, and heron. Flora Many coniferous tree species as well as deciduous maples and alders can be found within Desolation Sound Marine Park and the park primarily supports a second-growth regime thanks to previous logging efforts and wildfires, although sections of old growth areas remain within the park. Thanks to an abundance of favourable habitats, the park also supports many species of seagrass such as eelgrass, which play an important role in sequestering carbon dioxide. Salt marshes and kelp beds present in the park combine with the eelgrass to support a diversity of shellfish. Policy and management It mainly focuses on 6 outcomes and in order to achieve these outcomes, 30 policy intentions are created. A healthy and productive coast A healthy local ecosystem is very important in the management of coastal marines as it is the basis of all the other functions that the coastal can provide. It provides home to countless different species and benefits humans in many different ways. To keep a healthy and productive coast, the BC government focuses on recovering the wildlife and habitats as well as reducing marine pollution. Wildlifes like salmons and killer whales are important parts in the local ecosystem. They have their unique contribution to the local habitats. Resilience to climate change Climate change is a huge impact on the ocean ecosystem. Many species suffered from it and problems have occurred in many places like ocean acidification, sea level rising and coral bleaching. The BC government believes it is important to keep the local communities safe first as they are the first line that response to extreme weather events. Because the climate change is also affecting the seafood availability, a healthy and resilient community need to be built to decrease the impact from climate change and the government should also collaborate with the first nations to adapt to the climate change. Compared to human-based solutions, nature based solutions are more effective and long-lasting in dealing with the climate change. People find them cost effective and less likely to disrupt the local habitat. Trusting, respectful relationships The local communities are a significant part in managing the costal areas. The first nations have their unique way of understanding and management coastal areas. The BC government believes it's crucial to respect the local community and collaborate deeply to get a comprehensive management strategy. Holistic learning and knowledge sharing The first nations hold a lot of precious knowledge and they have an unprecedented value in understanding and managing the costal areas. Therefore, it's very important to combine the traditional knowledge with western science to get a better understanding and assessment of coastal areas. Community well-being The local communities not only manage coastal areas, but also rely on coastal areas and the ocean for their well-being. Things like climate change, pollution and disconnection from decision-making process poss the local communities a lot of challenges. The province will work to create jobs and support the communities to respond to change by improving the capacity. Desolation Sound Marine Provincial Park is a typical example of managing the recreational services. It is very popular among people as it offers kayak and boating activities, but the popularity is also affecting the local ecosystem. To better manage coastline development and access issues, the province aims to balance the need of recreational services and protection of local habitats. The government also seeks to collaborate with the Indigenous People to manage the Park in an effective and comprehensive way. A sustainable, thriving ocean economy A sustainable economy not only focuses on GDP. It benefits the local community in many perspective for a long time and it's good for people's future generation. The government would like to take different measures to build a sustainable economy, including investing a diverse economy, promoting aquaculture and tourism, co-developing with the indigenous people and manage cumulative effect. Controversies In the journal article Desolate Viewscapes, author Jonathan Clapperton claims that BC Parks gauges the park's performance by adding amenities and more visitors. Some examples of this include placing campgrounds on environmentally sensitive land or letting hundreds of yachts anchor in a few tiny bays. Despite being a no-dumping zone, sewage released from yachts concentrated in small coves poisoned several of the marine park's waters, severely contaminating the local shellfish. Because they run the risk of becoming poisoned, many Sliammon First Nations people are reluctant to eat traditional foods in the water near the parks. For ten millennia, the region served as a major source of food for Indigenous people due to the abundance of mussels, mollusks, and oysters that flourish in the warmest waters found in the north of Baja. See also Desolation Sound Prideaux Haven	Desolation Sound Marine Provincial Park
Lókút () is a village in Veszprém county, Hungary in Zirc District.	Lókút
Dave LaRue is an American bassist who performed with the Dixie Dregs from 1988 to 2017 and with guitarist Steve Morse's Band since 1989. He also has worked with Dream Theater's John Petrucci, Mike Portnoy, Derek Sherinian and Jordan Rudess. He plays Music Man bass guitars, among them the "Sterling" and "StingRay 5 five-string" but has mainly switched to their "Bongo" line (which he was instrumental in helping develop) including four- and five-string fretted and fretless models. From March 2006 to September 2006, he toured with Joe Satriani on the Super Colossal tour. Most recently, LaRue became a member of the supergroup Flying Colors alongside long-time bandmate Steve Morse. Discography Solo albums 1992 Hub City Kid with Dixie Dregs Bring 'Em Back Alive (1992) Full Circle (June 7, 1994) California Screamin' (February 1, 2000) with Steve Morse 1991 Southern Steel 1992 Coast to Coast 1995 Structural Damage 1996 StressFest 2000 Major Impacts 2002 Split Decision 2004 Major Impacts 2 2005 Prime Cuts – From Steve Morse's Magna Carta sessions (compilation) 2009 Out Standing in Their Field with Vinnie Moore 1999: The Maze 2001: Defying Gravity with T Lavitz 1984 Extended Play 1986 Storytime 1987 From the West with John Petrucci 2005 Suspended Animation 2005 G3: Live in Tokyo 2020 Terminal Velocity with Joe Satriani 2006 Satriani Live! with Flying Colors 2012 Flying Colors 2013 Live in Europe 2014 Second Nature 2015 Second Flight: Live at the Z7 2019 Third Degree 2019 Third Stage: Live in London 2019 Morsefest 2019 with Hammer of the Gods 2006 Two Nights in North America with Jordan Rudess 2004 Rhythm of Time Other Collaborations 1977 Mike Santiago & Entity - White Trees 1982 The Markley Band - On the Mark 1984 John Macey - Meltdown 1984 Stretch – Stretch 1986 Glen Burtnik - Talking in Code 1987 Scott Stewart & the Other Side - Scott Stewart & the Other Side 2002 Planet X - Live From Oz 2005 Balance II - Balance II DVD 2002 Steve Morse - Sects, Dregs & Rock 'n' Roll 2005 Steve Morse Band - Live In Baden-Baden Germany March 1990 2005 John Petrucci - G3 Live in Tokyo 2006 Hammer of the Gods - Two Nights in North America 2006 Joe Satriani - Satriani Live!	Dave LaRue
Gilgit is a city in northern Pakistan Gilgit may refer to other terms related with the area of the city: Gilgit River Gilgit Valley Gilgit District Gilgit Division Gilgit Agency (former administrative region of British India and of Pakistan) Gilgit Airport See also Gilgit-Baltistan, formerly known as the Northern Areas, is the northernmost administrative territory in Pakistan	Gilgit (disambiguation)
Maryland Route 176 (MD 176) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. Known as Dorsey Road, the highway runs from the end of state maintenance in Hanover east to MD 648 in Glen Burnie. MD 176 is a mostly four-lane highway that parallels MD 100 and forms the southern portion of the Airport Loop, a circumferential highway around Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport (BWI Airport) that connects the airport with various airport-related services. The highway serves as the main connection between the Airport Loop and Interstate 97 (I-97). MD 176 was constructed in the late 1920s between Glen Burnie and Dorsey at the Anne Arundel–Howard county line. The state highway was extended west to U.S. Route 1 (US 1) near Elkridge in the late 1930s concurrent with the construction of railroad grade separations at Dorsey and Harmans. MD 176 was widened over much of its length in the late 1940s and in Anne Arundel County in the 1970s and 1980s. MD 100 became the primary highway connecting Elkridge and Glen Burnie in the mid-1990s; MD 176 was subsequently truncated at Hanover. The portion of MD 176 west of MD 295 became an eastern extension of MD 103. Route description MD 176 begins at the west end of state maintenance adjacent to the cloverleaf interchange between MD 100 (Paul T. Pitcher Memorial Highway) with MD 295 (Baltimore–Washington Parkway) in Hanover. Dorsey Road continues north as a county highway through an industrial park. MD 176 heads east as a two-lane undivided road that crosses Piney Run. The highway meets the northern edge of MD 713 (Arundel Mills Boulevard) just north of the highway's interchange with MD 100 northeast of the Arundel Mills shopping mall. MD 176 continues east as a four-lane undivided highway between a residential area to the south and industrial parks to the north. The highway parallels its old alignment, part of which is MD 645, through the hamlet of Harmans. There, the highway crosses over Stoney Run and Amtrak's Northeast Corridor railroad line, which also carries MARC's Penn Line. Just east of the railroad crossing, MD 176 intersects MD 170, which heads south as Telegraph Road and north as Aviation Boulevard. MD 176 continues east along the southern portion of the Airport Loop surrounding BWI Airport on the northern edge of Severn. The highway passes between the airport property to the north and a residential area on the south. MD 176 intersects MD 652 (Old Telegraph Road) and WB&A Road and passes the Thomas A. Dixon Aircraft Observation Area. The route becomes a divided highway and reaches the eastern end of its portion of Airport Loop at its junction with MD 162 (Aviation Boulevard) at the southern edge of Ferndale. East of MD 162, MD 176 has an incomplete partial cloverleaf interchange with I-97. The missing movement, from southbound I-97 to MD 176, is handled via MD 162. The state highway becomes undivided just before reaching its eastern terminus at MD 648 (Baltimore–Annapolis Boulevard) in Glen Burnie. This intersection is adjacent to one of two southern ends of MTA Maryland's Baltimore Light RailLink; the terminal station, Cromwell / Glen Burnie station, is accessed via MD 648. The junction is also next to the northern end of the Baltimore & Annapolis Trail. The eastern leg of the intersection is 8th Avenue N.W. MD 176 is a part of the National Highway System as an intermodal connector between MD 162 and I-97. History MD 176 was constructed as a concrete road from MD 3 (later US 301 and now MD 648) in Glen Burnie west to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad crossing at Dorsey at the Anne Arundel–Howard county line in 1929. The connection between the railroad crossing and US 1—the highway intersected US 1 just south of the modern US 1–MD 100 interchange—remained a county highway until 1936. Work on MD 176's grade separations of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and Pennsylvania Railroad at Dorsey and Harmans, respectively, were underway by 1936. MD 176's overpass of the Pennsylvania Railroad was finished in 1936 and its underpass of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was complete by 1938. The old alignment of MD 176 at Harmans became MD 645. MD 176 has also had two other railroad crossings. The highway crossed over the Washington, Baltimore and Annapolis Electric Railway on a "weak and narrow wooden bridge" until 1944, when the bridge over the abandoned railroad was removed and the railroad embankment was filled. By 1951, MD 176 had an underpass of the Baltimore and Annapolis Railroad immediately to the west of US 301 that has since been removed. MD 176 was widened and resurfaced over its whole length between 1947 and 1950. The highway was expanded to a width of from Dorsey to Harmans and to from Harmans to Glen Burnie. The MD 295–MD 176 interchange was built as a diamond interchange between 1950 and 1953; a loop ramp from eastbound MD 176 to northbound MD 295 was added in 1956. The highway's interchange with the Glen Burnie Bypass, which started as US 301, became MD 3, and is now I-97, was constructed as a diamond interchange between 1954 and 1956. MD 176 was expanded to a divided highway on either side of its interchange with MD 3 (now I-97) by 1978. The remainder of MD 176 from the west end of the divided highway to just east of MD 295 was expanded to four lanes in the late 1980s, with the bridge of Piney Run between MD 295 and MD 713 rebuilt in 1987 and the railroad overpass at Harmans rebuilt in 1989. MD 176 was superseded by MD 100 in the early to mid-1990s. MD 176 was expanded to a divided highway on either side of its interchange with MD 295, which was rebuilt as a cloverleaf interchange, in 1992 and 1993. By the latter year, MD 100 was under construction from US 1 to I-97. MD 100 was completed in 1995; the freeway took over as the east–west highway through the MD 295 interchange. MD 176 was temporarily assigned to Wright Road, Race Road, and Faulkner Road to connect the portions of the highway on either side of the interchange. Also in 1995, the highway was relocated to the current double-curve roadway to the US 1–MD 103 intersection. MD 103 was extended over that relocation east to its present eastern terminus and MD 176 was truncated at its present western terminus by 1997. The portion of this detour on Wright Road over MD 295 was retained in the state system and designated MD 176B. The highway's interchange with I-97 was reconstructed to its present form by 1999. Junction list Auxiliary routes MD 176B is the designation for the section of Wright Road from Race Road east to a right-angle turn north; this segment includes the highway's bridge over MD 295. This section of highway was part of MD 176's detour along Wright Road, Race Road, and Faulkner Road when MD 100 assumed MD 176's interchange with MD 295 around 1995. All but what is now MD 176B and the bridge over MD 100, which became MD 100N, were transferred back to county maintenance by 1997. MD 176C is the designation for Binder Lane, a section of the old alignment of MD 176 from MD 103 northwest to a dead end adjacent to US 1's interchange with MD 100 west of Dorsey in Howard County. MD 176C was assigned by 1999 after MD 176 (now MD 103) was relocated to the double-curve section east of US 1 in 1995. See also	Maryland Route 176
Steffen Zesner (born 28 September 1967) is a former freestyle swimmer from Germany, who won a total number of four medals as a relay member at the Summer Olympics. His best result was a silver medal, on the 4×200 metres freestyle, alongside Uwe Dassler, Thomas Flemming, and Sven Lodziewski in Seoul, South Korea. He swam for SC Dynamo Berlin and its successor SC Berlin.	Steffen Zesner
Haplogroup T is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is believed to have originated around 25,100 years ago in the Near East. Origins Mitochondrial clade T derives from the haplogroup JT, which also gave rise to the mtDNA haplogroup J. The T maternal clade is thought to have emanated from the Near East. Distribution The basal haplogroup T* is found among Algerians in Oran (1.67%) and Reguibate Sahrawi (0.93%). It is also distributed among the Soqotri (1.2%). Haplogroup T is present at low frequencies throughout Western and Central Asia and Europe, with varying degrees of prevalence and certainly might have been present in other groups from the surrounding areas. T is found in approximately 10% of native Europeans. It is also common among modern day Iranians. Based on a sample of over 400 modern day Iranians, the T haplogroup represents roughly 8.3% of the population (about 1 out of 12 individuals), with the more specific T1 subtype constituting roughly half of those. Furthermore, the specific subtype T1 tends to be found further east and is common in Central Asian and modern Turkic populations , who inhabit much of the same territory as the ancient Saka, Sarmatian, Andronovo, and other putative Iranian peoples of the 2nd and 1st millennia BC. Lalueza-Fox et al. (2004) also found several T and T1 sequences in ancient burials, including Kurgans, in the Kazakh steppe between the 14th-10th centuries BC, as well as later into the 1st millennia BC. These coincide with the latter part of the Andronovo period and the Saka period in the region. The geographic distribution within subclade T2 varies greatly with the ratio of subhaplogroup T2e to T2b reported to vary 40-fold across examined populations from a low in Britain and Ireland, to a high in Saudi Arabia . Within subhaplogroup T2e, a very rare motif is identified among Sephardic Jews of Turkey and Bulgaria and suspected conversos from the New World . Found in Svan population from Caucasus (Georgia) T* 10,4% and T1 4,2%. T1a1a1 is particularly common in countries with high levels of Y-haplogroup R1a, such as Central and Northeast Europe. The clade is also found everywhere in Central Asia and deep into North Asia, as far east as Mongolia. T2c and T2d appear to have a Near Eastern origin around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and more recent dispersals into Europe. Most of T2c comprises haplogroup T2c1. Apart from a peak in Cyprus, T2c1 is most common in the Persian Gulf region but is also found in the Levant and in Mediterranean Europe, with a more far-flung distribution at very low levels. T2 is also found among the Soqotri (7.7%). Archaeology Wilde et al. (2014) tested mtDNA samples from the Yamna culture, the presumed homeland of Proto-Indo-European speakers. They found T2a1b in the Middle Volga region and Bulgaria, and T1a both in central Ukraine and the Middle Volga. The frequency of T1a and T2 in Yamna samples were each 14.5%, a percentage higher than in any country today and only found in similarly high frequencies among the Udmurts of the Volga-Ural region. Haplogroup T has also been found among Iberomaurusian specimens dating from the Epipaleolithic at the Afalou prehistoric site in Algeria. One ancient individual carried the T2b subclade (1/9; 11%). Additionally, haplogroup T has been observed among ancient Egyptian mummies excavated at the Abusir el-Meleq archaeological site in Middle Egypt, which date from the Pre-Ptolemaic/late New Kingdom (T1, T2), Ptolemaic (T1, T2), and Roman (undifferentiated T, T1) periods. Fossils excavated at the Late Neolithic site of Kelif el Boroud in Morocco, which have been dated to around 3,000 BCE, have also been observed to carry the T2 subclade. Additionally, haplogroup T has been observed in ancient Guanche fossils excavated in Gran Canaria and Tenerife on the Canary Islands, which have been radiocarbon-dated to between the 7th and 11th centuries CE. The clade-bearing individuals were inhumed at the Tenerife site, with one specimen found to belong to the T2c1d2 subclade (1/7; 14%). Africa In Africa, haplogroup T is primarily found among Afro-Asiatic-speaking populations, including the basal T* clade. Some non-basal T clades are also commonly found among the Niger-Congo-speaking Serer due to diffusion from the Maghreb, likely with the spread of Islam. Asia Europe Subclades Tree This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup I subclades is based on the paper and subsequent published research . For brevity, only the first three levels of subclades (branches) are shown. T T1 T1a T1a1 T1a2 T1b T2 T2a T2a1 T2b T2b1 T2b2 T2b3 T2b4 T2b5 T2b6 T2c T2c1 T2d T2e T2e2 T2f T2f1 T2g Health issues One study has shown Haplogroup T to be associated with increased risk for coronary artery disease. However, some studies have also shown that people of Haplogroup T are less prone to diabetes ( and ). A few tentative medical studies have demonstrated that Haplogroup T may offer some resistance to both Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. One study has found that among the Spanish population, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) also referred to as hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is more likely to happen in those of T2 ancestry than those in other maternal haplogroups. It is unknown whether or not this is specific to this subclaude of haplogroup T or is a risk factor shared by all of haplogroup T. With a statistically significant difference found in such a small sample, it may be advisable for those of known haplogroup T maternal ancestry to be aware of this and have their physician check for evidence of this condition when having a routine exam at an early age. It is usually symptom-less and increases the risk of sudden cardiac death, which often happens to those of as early in life as teenagers and may affect those who are active and have no other risk factors. Certain medical studies had shown mitochondrial Haplogroup T to be associated with reduced sperm motility in males, although these results have been challenged . According to the Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologica Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Haplogroup T can predispose to asthenozoospermia . However, these findings have been disputed due to a small sample size in the study . Famous members During the BBC One documentary Meet the Izzards, the actor and comedian Eddie Izzard learns that his mitochondrial DNA is of Haplogroup T, specifically the subclade T2f1a1. Nicholas II of Russia The last Russian Tsar, Nicholas II, has been shown to be of Haplogroup T, specifically subclade T2 . Assuming all relevant pedigrees are correct, this includes all female-line descendants of his female line ancestor Barbara of Celje (1390–1451), wife of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor. This includes a great number of European nobles, including George I of Great Britain and Frederick William I of Prussia (through the Electress Sophia of Hanover), Charles I of England, George III of the United Kingdom, George V of the United Kingdom, Charles X Gustav of Sweden, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, Olav V of Norway, and George I of Greece. See also Genetics Backbone mtDNA Tree	Haplogroup T (mtDNA)
huH was a monthly popular music magazine in the United States during the 1990s. History and profile The magazine was published by Ray Gun Publishing, Inc. based in Santa Monica, California and owned by the Warner Music Enterprises, a subsidiary of Time Warner. It was launched in September 1994 as a new business venture concept in a mixed music sample marketing/publishing format. huH was edited by Ray Gun Publishing Editorial Director Mark Blackwell and was designed by Vaughan Oliver and Jerome Curchod. The magazine's editorial staff also included writer Dean Kuipers. huH was published on a monthly basis. Initially, the magazine came packaged in a prototype sent by mail that included the square-ish magazine and a VHS tape with videos by artists mentioned in the magazine, all boxed up in styrofoam and sealed in plastic wrap. After marketing stabilization and a format change, the magazine included sampler CDs released on a monthly basis by genre while reviews were contained within the magazine. The format then changed to a numbered sequence with all sample songs on one CD per month. huH mostly featured articles on rock, rap and alternative music. The magazine also included a letters section with a mostly youth audience, news briefs, and cartoons. Its large, almost square design distinguished it among other publications. huH stopped circulating in 1996.	HuH (magazine)
The Moore River Native Settlement was the name of the now defunct Aboriginal settlement and internment camp located north of Perth and west of Mogumber in Western Australia, near the headwaters of the Moore River. History The settlement was opened by the Government of Western Australia in 1918. It was originally intended to be a small, self-supporting farming settlement for 200 Aboriginal people, with schooling and health facilities available for the children and employment opportunities for the adults. The settlement was supposed to accommodate Aboriginal people mainly drawn from the Murchison, Midlands and south-west regions of Western Australia. The ambition to turn the settlement into a farming community failed because the land was unsuitable for cultivation. During the 1920s its purpose shifted; residents were usually brought there against their will as the camp attempted to fulfil the broader functions of orphanage, creche, relief depot and home for old persons, unmarried mothers, and the unwell. It also housed many "half-caste" (mixed-race) children. Many of the Aboriginal and mixed-race children were sent to Moore River, usually against their will, as part of the Stolen Generations. The Moore River Native Settlement was opened under the auspices of the Chief Protector of Aborigines, A. O. Neville. Neville came to this position completely inexperienced in Aboriginal affairs or any dealings with Aboriginal people. He was strongly guided by Rufus Henry Underwood. Neville adopted Underwood's anti-mission stance and between them developed the "native settlement scheme", devised to meet the varying demands of non-Aboriginal people, for their segregation from the wider community and the continuing need for Aboriginal labour. It was also meant to fulfil Neville and Underwood's determination to devise a solution involving an absolute minimum of expenditure. Settlement timeline The below timeline is based in part on the chronology created by the Mogumber Heritage Committee and published in 1990 as part of their Pictorial Collection Exhibition Poor conditions The camp population became increasingly mixed as Aboriginal people came in from various parts of the state, with some coming from as far away as the Kimberley and Pilbara. By the mid-1920s conditions in the institution had declined significantly as overcrowding and poor sanitation were the norm, with many health problems being reported amongst its population. From 1924, the settlement had an average population of 300 and its buildings were becoming dilapidated. By 1933 the Aboriginal population at the institution had risen to over 500, leading to greater deterioration in the conditions experienced. Between 1918 and 1952, 346 deaths were recorded at Moore River Native Settlement, 42% of which were children age 1–5. Socially, Moore River Native Settlement practised strict segregation of the sexes and separated children from their parents under the dormitory system. Compound inmates were not allowed to leave without written permission. Absconding was a common problem as many tried to re-unite with family members living outside the settlement. To counter this practice, a small number of Aboriginal men were employed as trackers to apprehend absconders. Name change In 1951 the government handed control of the settlement to the Mogumber Methodist Mission, which renamed it Mogumber Native Mission. A greater emphasis was placed by the new owners on Christian guidance and on the vocational training of youths than had existed when it was a government institution. The facility remained running until 1974, when it was taken over by the Aboriginal Land Trust. Currently the land is leased to the Wheatbelt Aboriginal Corporation, and is known as Budjarra. Cultural and journalistic coverage Several plays, films and books have been produced which tell harrowing tales of life in the settlement: Aboriginal poet and playwright Jack Davis' play Kullark where an Aboriginal man named Thomas Yorlah is forcibly moved to the settlement and makes numerous attempts to escape. Along with this, in his play No Sugar, the entire Aboriginal population in Northam is sent to the settlement. Davis lived in the settlement in the 1920s. The book Follow the Rabbit-Proof Fence by Doris Pilkington and its film adaptation (Rabbit-Proof Fence) tell the story of three Aboriginal girls who ran away from the settlement in 1931. The book Broken Circles by Anna Haebich provides a detailed description of stolen generation experience. See also Noongar Notes	Moore River Native Settlement
Thomas Morris may refer to: Entertainment Thomas Morris (musician) (1897–1945), jazz cornetist Thomas Baden Morris (1900s–1986), playwright Thomas Morris (author), Welsh writer and editor Politics Thomas Morris (New York politician) (1771–1849), U.S. Representative from New York Thomas Morris (Ohio politician) (1776–1844), Senator from Ohio Thomas Owen Morris (1845–1924), American mayor of Nashville, Tennessee Thomas Morris (Wisconsin politician) (1861–1928), Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin, 1911–1915 Thomas G. Morris (1919–2016), U.S. congressman from New Mexico Thomas R. Morris (born 1944), Virginia Secretary of Education, university president Thomas Richard Morris, British Conservative politician and magistrate who served as Mayor of St Pancras 1961–62 Religion and philosophy Thomas Asbury Morris (1794–1874), American bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church and newspaper editor Thomas Morris (bishop) (1914–1997), Irish prelate of the Catholic Church Thomas V. Morris (born 1952), American philosopher and director of the Morris Institute of Human Values Other Thomas Morris (British Army officer) (1732–1818), British Army officer and writer Thomas A. Morris (1811–1904), American General in the Union army, railroad executive and civil engineer Thomas Morris (engineer) (died 1832), English architect and engineer Thomas John Morris (1837–1912), U.S. federal judge Thomas Charles Morris, Welsh trade unionist and political activist Thomas Morris (American football) (1938–2010), American football player and coach See also Tom Morris (disambiguation) Thomas Maurice, Oriental scholar and historian	Thomas Morris
Henry Byrne (6 March 1920 – 6 April 1976) was an Irish Labour Party politician who served one term as a Teachta Dála (TD). He first stood for election as an independent candidate at the 1944 general election for the Wicklow constituency, but was unsuccessful, receiving only 534 first-preference votes. He stood again as one of two Labour Party candidates at the 1961 general election for the Laois–Offaly constituency, but was unsuccessful. He was successful on his next attempt, as the only Labour candidate at the 1965 general election in Laois–Offaly, taking his seat in the 18th Dáil. Byrne did not contest the 1969 general election, and polled less than 1,000 first-preference votes when he stood again in the same constituency as one of two Labour candidates at the 1973 general election.	Henry Byrne
Mahjabin Qazalbash () ,(1958 - 26 February 2020) was a Pashto singer from Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. She also sang in other languages including Urdu, Punjabi, Hindko, Sindhi, Seraiki, Persian and Turkish. She earned the title of Bulbul-i-Sarhad for her melodious voice. and was recipient of numerous awards, including President’s Pride of Performance. She also worked in Pashto plays, but focused on her singing. Personal life She was born in Peshawer, Pakistan in 1958. Her real name was Surraya Begum. Her father was of Turko-Persian Qazalbash origin, who had migrated to Peshawar from Qandahar, Afghanistan. She started singing at the age of 13. She was married to Amanullah Khan Orakzai alias Aimal Khan who was a Pashto film actor. Career She started singing when she was studying at school, as her teachers encouraged her to sing. Afterwards, she started her career at Radio Pakistan Peshawar, and later at Pakistan Television. Death Mahjabin Qazalbash died on 26 February 2020 in Peshawar. She left behind two sons and a daughter.	Mahjabin Qazalbash
Ibrahim Moustafa (, 23 September 1904 – 9 October 1968) was a Greco-Roman wrestler from Egypt. At his first international tournament, the 1924 Olympics, he finished fourth in the light-heavyweight category. Four years later he won the gold medal in this event, becoming the second Egyptian Olympic champion after Sayed Nosseir. Next year, upon invitation from the Swedish Wrestling Federation, Moustafa toured Europe and competed in several international tournaments. A carpenter by profession, upon returning home he became a wrestling coach, and prepared one of his three sons, Adel Ibrahim Moustafa, for the 1948 and 1952 Olympics. After his death, the annual Ibrahim Moustafa International Tournament was carried out in his honor.	Ibrahim Moustafa
Samuel McRoberts (April 12, 1799March 27, 1843) was a United States senator from Illinois. Born near Maeystown, he was educated by private tutors and graduated from the law department of Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky. He was admitted to the bar in 1821 and commenced practice in Monroe County, and was clerk of the circuit court of Monroe County from 1819 to 1821. He was State circuit judge from 1824 to 1827 and a member of the Illinois State Senate from 1828 to 1830. McRoberts was appointed United States Attorney by President Andrew Jackson in 1830 and served until 1832, when he resigned he was then appointed by President Martin Van Buren to be receiver of the land office at Danville in 1832. He was appointed Solicitor of the General Land Office at Washington in 1839 and served in that capacity until his resignation in 1841, and was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1841, until his death; while in the Senate he was chairman of the Committee on Engrossed Bills (Twenty-seventh Congress). He died in Cincinnati, Ohio and was interred in the Moore Cemetery, Waterloo. See also List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)	Samuel McRoberts
The A-90 Orlyonok (Russian: Орлёнок, English: "Eaglet") is a Soviet ekranoplan that was designed by Rostislav Evgenievich Alexeyev of the Central Hydrofoil Design Bureau. The A-90 uses ground effect to fly a few meters above the surface. The Russians classify it as Ekranoplan Class B – it can achieve an altitude of , placing it between Class A – which is limited to ground effect, and Class C, which exploits the ground effect only during take-offs and landings and otherwise functions as a typical airplane. History The Soviet Navy command of the 1960s was very interested in a fast military transport capable of carrying a large payload. The Central Hydrofoil Design Bureau was one of the organizations working on this top-secret project, about which little was known until the fall of the Soviet Union. Chief Designer R. E. Alexeyev designed several prototypes in the 1960s. At the start of the 1970s, Alexeyev designed a medium-sized ekranoplan to be used as a military transport. The new vehicle was named "Orlyonok" ("Eaglet"). The first flying unit (S-21) was initially tested on the Volga River in the autumn of 1972, and the next year dismantled and transported to the Caspian Sea for continued testing. In 1975 the S-21 crashed during testing, later proved to be due to a deficiency in the alloy used for the hull. A different alloy was used in all subsequent units built. Development and design The Orlyonok was designed as a transport and a beach assault vehicle. Unlike other Soviet Ekranoplan designs, the Orlyonok was amphibious and was equipped with wheels for beaching and land based takeoffs. Orlyonok's development was preceded by the SM-6; a prototype ekranoplan which had the same module layout as the Orlyonok. Experience gained from the SM-6 was used in the development of the Orlyonok. The SM-6 was on display in Kaspiysk for an unknown period. It was later brought back to Kaspiysk naval base and supposedly scrapped sometime between 2006 and 2008. The layout of the engines on the Orlyonok was unusual and a testament of the special needs of such an unconventional aircraft. Mounted in the top of the tail, it featured a massive Kuznetsov NK-12 turboprop, the most powerful turboprop ever made, which provided cruise power. The nose of the aircraft mounted two turbofan engines with the intakes on top of the nose and the exhaust along the side of the fuselage, the thrust of these engines being vectored under the wings to produce PAR thrust (increased lift and extra propulsion) for takeoff. Under cruise conditions and in ground effect, the front engines could be shut off since their power was unnecessary to keep the aircraft aloft; this also minimized intake of water, salt and low flying birds. Both takeoff and landing were assisted with large span-length flaps that greatly increased lift and could capture PAR thrust for increased air pressure. Water landings were assisted with a hydro-ski that extended out of the belly of the craft below the main wings. The front end of the Orlyonok was hinged behind the radome and the whole assembly could open sideways to speed disembarkation of the infantry it carried, or of a BTR armoured personnel carrier. The Orlyonok had a built in folding ramp that allowed it to load and unload vehicles with no external support. There were plans to resume production of the Orlyonok. The craft were to have been built in Petrozavodsk. Production Overall only four units were built: 1 non-flying unit for static testing, scrapped. S-21 completed in 1972, damaged in 1975, rebuilt as S-23 in 1977, then lost again in 1992 (the craft was blown up because the Russian Navy could not afford the price asked for its retrieval by salvage companies). S-25 completed in 1979, retired 1993, scrapped around the year 2000. S-26 completed in 1980, retired 1993, on display at the Museum of the Navy, Moscow. Operators Soviet Navy Specifications (A-90) See also Lun-class ekranoplan Boeing Pelican (concept; never prototyped or built)	A-90 Orlyonok
This article lists important figures and events in Malaysian public affairs during the year 1996, together with births and deaths of notable Malaysians. Incumbent political figures Federal level Yang di-Pertuan Agong: Tuanku Jaafar Raja Permaisuri Agong: Tuanku Najihah Prime Minister: Dato' Sri Dr Mahathir Mohamad Deputy Prime Minister: Dato' Sri Anwar Ibrahim Chief Justice: Eusoff Chin State level Sultan of Johor: Sultan Iskandar Sultan of Kedah: Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Sultan of Kelantan: Sultan Ismail Petra Raja of Perlis: Tuanku Syed Putra Sultan of Perak: Sultan Azlan Shah Sultan of Pahang: Sultan Ahmad Shah Sultan of Selangor: Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah (Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong) Sultan of Terengganu: Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan: Tunku Naquiyuddin (Regent) Yang di-Pertua Negeri (Governor) of Penang: Tun Dr Hamdan Sheikh Tahir Yang di-Pertua Negeri (Governor) of Malacca: Tun Syed Ahmad Al-Haj bin Syed Mahmud Shahabuddin Yang di-Pertua Negeri (Governor) of Sarawak: Tun Ahmad Zaidi Adruce Mohammed Noor Yang di-Pertua Negeri (Governor) of Sabah: Tun Sakaran Dandai Events 6 January – A landslide blocked the North–South Expressway (NSE) near Gua Tempurung, Perak. 12 January – The first Malaysian satellite MEASAT 1 was launched by the Ariane rocket from Kourou, French Guiana. 12 January – Seven year-old Tin Song Sheng reported missing while waiting for the bus at the Taman Rasah Chinese Primary School in Taman Melawati, Shah Alam, Selangor returned home. 17 January – Twenty-four people, seven of them policemen, were injured in rioting at the Sungai Besi camp for Vietnamese illegal immigrants. February – First Le Tour de Langkawi cycling tour. 6 February – The ground-breaking ceremony of the PUTRA-LRT underground rail tunnel from Pasar Seni to Ampang Park. 12 February – The Multimedia Super Corridor was established. 2 March – The body of the Malay Sarawakian nationalist Rosli Dhobie was brought back from Kuching Central Prison to Sibu. 6 March – The Perodua Rusa, Malaysian first domestically manufactured van was launched. 29–31 March – 1996 Malaysian motorcycle Grand Prix 18 April – The Sungai Besi camp for Vietnamese illegal immigrants is officially closed. May – Malaysia's first domestically produced motorcycle, Modenas Kriss was launched. May – The construction of the Bakun Dam projects began. 2 July – A new version of Malaysian Ringgit RM 2 notes was introduced. 16 July – A bus ferrying a group of factory workers and their families on a holiday excursion plunged into a 120m-deep ravine at km 1 of the Genting Sempah–Genting Highlands Highway near the Genting Highlands Resort, killing 17. Six were children. 3 August – A widespread power outage in Peninsular Malaysia began at 5:17pm. The states of Peninsular Malaysia including Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Putrajaya, Johor, Melaka, and Negeri Sembilan lost power for several hours. A transmission line near Sultan Ismail Power Station in Paka, Terengganu tripped at 5:17pm causing all power stations in Peninsular Malaysia to collapse resulting in a massive power failure. Supply was back to normal by 11:00pm. After this blackout, utility giant Tenaga Nasional's stock fell considerably. 29 August – A mud avalanche near Pos Dipang Orang Asli settlement in Kampar, Perak killed 44 people. 8 September – Official opening of the Light Rail Transit System (Sistem Transit Aliran Ringan) (STAR LRT) Phase 1 from Sultan Ismail to Ampang. 1 October – The Kuala Lumpur Tower at Bukit Nanas was officially opened by Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad. 8 October – The Malay political party, Semangat 46 was officially dissolved. 27 October – Michael Jackson held his first concert in Malaysia at Merdeka Stadium, Kuala Lumpur. 29 October – Michael Jackson performed for the second time in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2 November – The Sungai Buloh Prison in Sungai Buloh, Selangor became the federal prison, replacing Pudu Prison in Kuala Lumpur. 29 November – Official opening of the new Pusat Sains Negara (National Science Centre) building in Bukit Damansara, Kuala Lumpur. 18 December – The Yang di-Pertuan Muda of Terengganu, Tengku Mizan Zainal Abidin married Nur Zahirah. 26 December – Several parts of Sabah were hit by the Tropical Depression Greg. More than 120 people were killed. Births 5 January – Adam Nor Azlin – Footballer 14 June – Muhammad Ariff Farhan Mohd Isa – Footballer 3 July – Kumaahran Sathasivam – Footballer 4 August – Syazwan Andik – Footballer 10 August – Ifwat Akmal – Footballer 2 October – Ahmad Syihan Hazmi Mohamed – Footballer 3 December – Muhammad Farhan Roslan – Footballer Deaths 22 May – Wong Peng Soon — Former badminton player (born 1918) 19 Feb – P. P. Narayanan — Former Malaysian Workers Union president See also 1996 1995 in Malaysia \| 1997 in Malaysia Years in Malaysia	1996 in Malaysia
Ajai Sanders (born Angela Marrine Wilson; October 1, 1967), is an American actress and stand-up comedian, best known for her supporting role as Gina Deveaux in the sitcom A Different World from 1991 until the series original ending in 1993. Biography Born Angela Marie Wilson, Sanders grew up in Dallas, Texas. She attended Hillcrest High School, graduating in 1985. Sanders moved to Los Angeles and began working as a stand-up comic; eventually this work led to what initially was to be a one-time role on A Different World. The guest role was expanded after director Debbie Allen proved impressed by the qualities Sanders brought to the character, whose appearances were expanded to five that season and 18 the following season, after which she was added to the show's opening credits. Sanders has made guest appearances on the sitcoms Martin, Hangin' with Mr. Cooper, The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, The Parent 'Hood, The Wayans Bros., The Jamie Foxx Show, and Moesha. She also guest-starred in a 2001 episode of the Lifetime show, The Division. Sanders had a major role in the independent urban comedy, High Freakquency, in which she was credited as Ajai Richards. She had a smaller role in the Michael Keaton Christmas comedy, Jack Frost, and also appeared in the 2000 urban independent drama, The Playaz Court. She is currently hosting a talk show called Multiple Personalities with Ajai Sanders on Business Bully TV. Personal Sanders has been married once and has no children. In May 2002, Sanders married Micheal Brownlee in Denton, Texas. They later divorced in August 2016. Filmography Film Television Music Videos Notes	Ajai Sanders
Demak is a town in Central Java, Indonesia. It is the capital of Demak Regency and the location of the former Sultanate of Demak, briefly the strongest power on the island of Java. The town covers an area of 61.13 km2, and had a population of 110,165 at the 2020 Census. Climate Demak has a tropical monsoon climate (Am) with moderate to little rainfall from May to October and heavy to very heavy rainfall from November to April.	Demak, Demak
The Halifax rating was a valuation of the Spanish dollar in the £sd accounting system. It set the Spanish dollar at a value of 5 shillings (60 pence) and was established c.1750 in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The rating was set 6 pence higher than the actual silver content of the coins, in an effort to keep the coins in circulation, as there was no advantage to melting the coins for their bullion content. The Halifax rating was used officially in Upper and Lower Canada until 1841 when the gold standard was adopted for the dollar; however, United Empire Loyalists brought the York rating into Upper Canada, where it persisted well into the 19th century despite its outlawing (in favour of the Halifax rating) in 1796. Currencies of Canada Economic history of Ontario	Halifax rating
In industrial engineering, the standard time is the time required by an average skilled operator, working at a normal pace, to perform a specified task using a prescribed method. It includes appropriate allowances to allow the person to recover from fatigue and, where necessary, an additional allowance to cover contingent elements which may occur but have not been observed. Standard time = normal time + allowance Where; Normal time = average time × rating factor (take rating factor between 1.1 and 1.2) Usage of the standard time Time times for all operations are known. Staffing (or workforce planning): the number of workers required cannot accurately be determined unless the time required to process the existing work is known. Line balancing (or production leveling): the correct number of workstations for optimum work flow depends on the processing time, or standard, at each workstation. Materials requirement planning (MRP): MRP systems cannot operate properly without accurate work standards. System simulation: simulation models cannot accurately simulate operation unless times for all operations are known. Wage payment: comparing expected performance with actual performance requires the use of work standards. Cost accounting: work standards are necessary for determining not only the labor component of costs, but also the correct allocation of production costs to specific products. Employee evaluation: in order to assess whether individual employees are performing as well as they should, a performance standard is necessary against which to measure the level of performance. Techniques to establish a standard time The standard time can be determined using the following techniques: Time study Predetermined motion time system aka PMTS or PTS Standard data system Work sampling Method of calculation The Standard Time is the product of three factors: Observed time: The time measured to complete the task. Performance rating factor: The pace the person is working at. 90% is working slower than normal, 110% is working faster than normal, 100% is normal. This factor is calculated by an experienced worker who is trained to observe and determine the rating. Personal, fatigue, and delay (PFD) allowance. The standard time can then be calculated by using:	Standard time (manufacturing)
HealtH (also known as Health and H.E.A.L.T.H.) is a 1980 American ensemble comedy film, the fifteenth feature project from director Robert Altman. It stars Carol Burnett, Glenda Jackson, James Garner, Lauren Bacall, and Paul Dooley, and was written by Altman, Dooley and Frank Barhydt. The film's title is an acronym for "Happiness, Energy, and Longevity through Health". A parody and satire of the U.S. political scene of the time, HealtH is set at a health food convention at a Florida luxury hotel, where a powerful political organization is deciding on a new president. The election is rife with backroom deals and scandal; a businessman, Colonel Cody, is out to rig the votes and the outcome. Dick Cavett and Dinah Shore, two television talk show personalities of the time, are mentioned prominently in the film. HealtH was made by Robert Altman's company, Lion's Gate Films (no relation to Lionsgate Films), in early 1979. It was the director's last film for the 20th Century-Fox studio, which shelved its official release for over two years. Despite this, it received festival showings and a brief Los Angeles run during 1980. The film was broadcast on various U.S. television stations over the years, including The Movie Channel and Fox Movie Channel, but it has never been issued on home video. Plot Bearing similarities to Altman's 1975 film Nashville, along with a plotless structure, HealtH chronicles the progress of a health-food convention held at a luxury hotel in St Pete Beach, Florida. As the convention takes place, the members of an organization called HealtH hold a campaign to find out who will become its President. (Their name stands for "Happiness, Energy and Longevity through Health"; it also serves as their slogan.) The candidates are Esther Brill, an 83-year-old afflicted with narcolepsy who calls herself "the first lady of health"; Isabella Garnell, who is serious against commercialism and materialism; and Dr. Harold (Gil) Gainey, a salesperson-turned-independent. On the first day of the conference, The Steinettes (a female quartet dressed in green and yellow) introduce Dick Cavett, who is hosting his show on location and covering the details of the event. He interviews Gloria Burbank and Esther Brill, two of the candidates competing for the new Presidency of the HealtH organization. Burbank, a White House representative, has been sent to this venue on the President of the United States' behalf. Later that day at the hotel lounge, Burbank's ex-husband Harry Wolff plans to re-schedule the Cavett interview, due to difficulties with Brill during her profile. The moment Burbank heads to her room, Gil Gainey (a minor candidate) stops her and debates on the worth of her strategy. On the morning of the second day, several conventioneers notice a seemingly dead body sunk to the bottom of the pool from their balconies. Harry Wolff and the President's advisor on health, Gloria Burbank, are chatting by the deep end of the pool. Gloria then dives into the pool, not realizing there is a body floating on the bottom. As she approaches it, she finally sees it and screams in fear, heading back to the surface. Some other men dive in to rescue the drowned body, but it turns out that Gainey had been using an oxygen tank in order to play a publicity stunt. That night, Garnell announces a serious message from the top of the hotel through her loudspeaker; many guests take notice, and some complain. Around that time, a businessperson named Colonel Cody arrives at the conference, and heads to Garnell's room to interrogate and find out her plans. Next morning, Harry finds out that Burbank is beginning to support Garnell, and thinks that this is not right. Later on, while discussing breastfeeding and abortion with Brill, Burbank is astonished that Garnell and Brill were actually born male. After serving in the Navy, both had sex change operations in 1960. Bobby Hammer, a dirty tricks specialist, actually concocted this revelation to trick Burbank. After another discussion with Brill, Burbank enters the empty convention hall, where Cody interrupts her. He finds her title, and the ideals of the HealtH organization, worthless. Ashamed and in tears, Burbank is shocked that he controls not only HealtH, but also the ongoing election; he even plans to rig the votes and the outcome. She runs back to tell Wolff on Cody's scheme. As the couple start making love, Burbank is worried that it will be all over for her if Garnell wins. Harry, however, assures her that Garnell is still a woman anyway. On the fourth and final day, the results of the HealtH election are announced live on Cavett's show, and Esther Brill comes out as the victor. Burbank and her ex-husband watch on from their balcony outside, and also take a glimpse at Cody proposing an offer to Brill. Some time later, Cody, who turns out to be her harmless nut brother, gets into a fit of anger, knocking down everything in his path, and demands to get away immediately. With the HealtH convention over, another one involving hypnotists is taking root at the hotel. Before he and the candidates leave, Cavett briefly greets Dinah Shore, the host on hand for this event. As the HealtH sign is taken down in front of the hotel, the Steinettes perform a Broadway-style show tune that closes the film. Cast Production Under the supervision of Alan Ladd, Jr., head of 20th Century-Fox, director Robert Altman made HealtH for US$6 million through his Lion's Gate Films company (unrelated to the present-day firm based in Vancouver). At the time, Altman had commitments to deliver films for Fox until 1981; HealtH was his fifteenth feature project. "[Alan] had great faith in me," he told David Sterritt in 2000; "he put his own job on the line." Of the film's timing, he said, "HealtH could have only been made when it was made, and that was the end of the Carter era." This and 1979's Quintet were Altman's first collaborations with writer Frank Barhydt; the two would later work on the 1988 HBO miniseries Tanner '88, as well as 1993's Short Cuts and 1996's Kansas City. In response to the diminishing box office returns of his last three efforts (A Wedding, Quintet and A Perfect Couple), and in case any delays could put a damper on his financing, Altman rushed HealtH into production. The film was shot in sequence at only one location: the Don CeSar Beach Hotel in St Pete Beach, Florida. Production began on February 20, 1979, and continued for three months. The crew chose the Don CeSar, said Altman, because "we felt [this] would be fun, with lots of crazy situations and off-beat characters." Joseph Byrd worked on the music score, along with supervisor Allan Nicholls. To capture the authenticity of the convention in the movie, art director Bob Quinn and co-writer Frank Barhydt visited an actual one in Boston, Massachusetts before shooting. Over one hundred health food companies contributed to the set. One of them, Sovex Granola, participated during the shoot; their scenes did not make it into the finished film, but they received end-credit billing. Robert Altman was known to wear different hats on every new production of his; on the set of HealtH, he wore a straw one. While filming, Altman got into a conflict with members of the local Teamsters branch, and had to pay "outrageous salaries" for certification. Garner recalled "we had a lot of fun making it... I loved Bob Altman." A short while after HealtH finished production, producer Robert Evans hired Altman for a musical version of Popeye, co-produced by Paramount Pictures and Walt Disney Productions. Altman went to Malta to shoot the film, and brought the Steinettes from HealtH along with him. Release Distributor 20th Century-Fox originally planned HealtH for a Christmas 1979 release. But by the time editing was complete, a change of management took place at the studio, and Alan Ladd, Jr. was among those to leave; as a result, Fox shelved the film. After canceling plans for a March debut in January 1980, they moved it to their summer schedule; Altman's strategy was to have the film released in time for that year's presidential campaign. Before that could take place, the company's new president, Norman B. Levy, planned an April 1980 run in St. Louis, Missouri. Altman went against it and suggested test runs in four markets instead: San Francisco and Sacramento, California; Houston, Texas; and Boston, Massachusetts. The resulting previews played to poor audience response, and some time later, Fox deemed it uncommercial for release. In the end, the company replaced it on their schedule with Oh! Heavenly Dog, a crime comedy starring Chevy Chase and Benji the dog. Save for Sherry Lansing, who loved the film, Robert Altman had a fallout with Fox personnel over their handling of HealtH. After filming Popeye, Altman tried to contact Norman Levy on its status. The filmmaker complained, "[Levy] didn't return my phone calls for seven weeks. That's just basic rudeness. I don't think he knows what a movie is anyway." Moreover, he said of the studio's distribution unit: "Norman Levy and the rest are scum. [...] They're not interested in movies. They're interested in ski lifts and Coca-Cola." Amid this situation, Altman began to distribute HealtH on his own by taking it to the film festival circuit. The comedy was screened at the Montreal World Film Festival in August 1980, and later appeared at Telluride and Venice. Of the response at those venues, the director said: "It has a love-hate reaction—but what's wrong with that?" By September 1980, the festival exposure prompted 20th Century-Fox to hold over a month of preview screenings at the UA Theater in Westwood, Los Angeles; a nationwide release was also considered. Despite even worse acclaim this time, Altman remarked that this run "did respectable business, considering that there was no advertising. But it's finished, dead, buried." Ultimately, HealtH would be Altman's last film for Fox; his experiences would later convince him to skip major distribution for Come Back to the Five and Dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean. On March 7, 1981, a 16 mm print of HealtH was shown at the facilities of Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. The film also received a screening in Baltimore, Maryland, on March 28. On April 7, 1982, it received its official cinema opening at the Film Forum 1 in New York City. The film was released in at least two European markets: in Germany under the title Der Gesundheitskongress, and in the United Kingdom, where prints ran a few minutes longer than the original U.S. cut. HealtH aired on the Philadelphia-based PRISM pay-TV service in February 1981, and also on the national U.S. outlet The Movie Channel that same year. The film was also broadcast on the CBS network in August 1983. As of 2010, a widescreen version has been shown on basic cable's Fox Movie Channel. 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment has not released the film on VHS, DVD or Blu-Ray. Reception On the day of the film's Los Angeles opening on September 12, 1980, a review from Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times described the film as "essentially a revue sketch, giving the boys and girls of the chorus a chance to dress up funny and mill about. All a revue sketch needs is a thin premise, a point of view and an exit line. But having only one out of three won't make it for a movie." He concluded, "If indeed Altman weren't so original and so talented, an indulgent mess like HealtH would merely be another unsuccessful film in a bad year. It is instead mournful and exasperating in about equal measure." At the time of the Film Forum premiere, The New York Times' Vincent Canby wrote: "HealtH is, I suppose, a mess, but it is a glorious one in the recognizable manner of a major film maker who sometimes gets carried away—by his subject, by his own enthusiasms and those of his actors, and by the collaborative creative process he loves. As do so many of his films, HealtH gives one the feeling of being on a nonstop party with the people who made it." He added that it "is no masterpiece, but it is one of the most appealing entertainments that Mr. Altman has ever put together". In a later article, he declared: "HealtH deserves to be seen by anyone interested in the career of this most eccentric and unpredictable of contemporary American film directors." Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune called it "a pretty bad movie" and "anemic. Altman sets himself up as superior to his insipid characters, laughs at them, and invites us to do likewise. That's not much of an achievement." Leonard Maltin gave HealtH two stars out of four in his Movie Guide, and added: "Non-Altman fans may love this more than devotees; Woodard steals the film—no easy feat considering that incredible cast—as [the] hotel's ultra-patient manager." Halliwell's Film Guide referred to it as a "zany satirical all-star romp on the lines of A Wedding but by no means as likeable or laughable, considering its cast, as it should be". The Film Bulletin called it a "misfired satire", and commented that its "major stars [...] are otherwise wasted". In a 1985 book on Altman, Gerard Plecki called HealtH "a humorous companion piece to Nashville", adding that it "was certainly a major improvement over his two previous films". In regards to the studio shelving the film, Plecki remarked that it "certainly deserved mass marketing and a large promotion campaign". On June 12, 1982, U.S. President Ronald Reagan screened the film at Camp David during stormy weather. In his diaries that day, he called it "the world's worst movie". On the other hand, director Martin Scorsese named it one of the "85 Films You Need to See to Know Anything about Film". Themes Since its release, HealtH has been viewed as a parody, and satire, of the U.S. political scene at the time of its filming; critic Daniel O'Brien also noticed "the parallels between the [HealtH] election and the U.S. Presidency explicitly spelt out (several times)" in the film. In his book A Cinema of Loneliness, Robert Phillip Kolker stressed this aspect, writing that "Altman creates a world that is a parody of a political phenomenon that is itself already a parody of show business, for political conventions always mediate the realities of power with the signifiers of spectacle. [HealtH] is, finally, a representation of a representation." Kolker also observed Altman's use of the carnivalesque, a style from Russian critic Mikhail Bakhtin that the filmmaker employed in many of his productions. O'Brien called this the film's "strongest asset [...], complete with hucksters and suckers (a handy metaphor for most aspects of American society". In Kolker's words, HealtH is "a hilarious documentation of politics and culture at the end of the Carter era when passivity began to disguise itself as self-satisfaction and marginal interests requested majority attention". The convention in the film "becomes a small mirror of larger political follies, of silly, self-serving people so convinced of their importance that they take for granted the fact that major significance attends their ridiculous activities". O'Brien noted that in HealtH, "most of the main characters exhibit the expected Altman eccentricites", including the candidates in the election. "All this comes across as a little forced," he continued, "recalling the random weirdness of Brewster McCloud rather than the carefully etched idiosyncrasies of The Long Goodbye or Three Women." Moreover, someone says "Hit it!" just before the convention band replaces the opening Fox fanfare. See also List of American films of 1980	Health (film)
Labour Behind the Label (LBL) is a UK-based non-profit co-operative organisation with an office in Easton, Bristol, which campaigns for workers' rights in the clothing industry. It is the platform of the international Clean Clothes Campaign in the United Kingdom. LBL's members include trade unions and their local branches, consumer organisations, campaign groups, and charities. Its main activities are consumer education, lobbying companies, lobbying government, and solidarity with workers in disputes in factories producing for UK clothing companies. History Labour Behind the Label was involved with the global 'Play Fair at the Olympics' campaign in 2004, which brought together trade unions and campaign groups to call for greater action from the Olympic movement and the sportswear industry on workers' rights. Reports Labour Behind the Label carries out research and produces reports. It has produced, on its own or in conjunction with other organisations, the following reports that were reported on in national media: Fashion Victims: The True Cost of Cheap Clothes at Primark, Asda and Tesco (2006) in conjunction with War On Want and Alternative Movement for Resources and Freedom Society (AMRF). The Guardian reported that this "brought huge public attention". Let's Clean Up Fashion (2007), in conjunction with War on Want, revealed that workers making clothes for British high street stores receive around half of the money they need to live a decent life. Asia Floor Wage (2009) calculated a wage it says should be used as a minimum for workers in Asia, enough to pay for food, water, clothing, housing, taxes, utilities, healthcare and education, that would prevent countries competing at the expense of workers. Taking Liberties: the Story Behind the UK High Street (2010) in conjunction with War on Want, describes "how Marks & Spencer, Next, Monsoon, Debenhams, Dorothy Perkins and Miss Selfridge ... use Indian sweatshops which pay poverty wages and break labour laws to keep costs to a bare minimum." Killer Jeans (2011) about companies such as Asda, Diesel, Matalan and Primark selling jeans made using sandblasting to give denim a worn look, and how silica dust from the sand can get into workers' lungs, causing silicosis and possibly death. Labour Behind the Label Trust The Labour Behind the Label Trust is a separate organisation who raise funds for Labour Behind the Label's charitable activities. The Trust is a charity, independent of Labour Behind the Label, but the two organisations work together closely. Notes	Labour Behind the Label
Established in 1977 TUPAM Editores is the largest General Health, Medical and Pharmaceutical publisher in Portugal. Publishing companies of Portugal	Tupam editores
State Route 120 (SR 120) is a state highway in Churchill County, Nevada. It connects U.S. Route 95 (US 95) to State Route 119 just outside Naval Air Station Fallon. Route description State Route 120 begins south of the city of Fallon, at the intersection of US 95 and Pasture Road. From there, the route follows Pasture Road eastward through agricultural and farmlands south of Fallon. After about , the route comes close to the northern shore of Carson Lake. At this point, the highway turns northward to traverse through more agricultural areas. SR 120 reaches its terminus at the southwest corner of Naval Air Station Fallon, at the intersection of Pasture Road and Berney Road (SR 119), although Pasture Road continues north to access the airbase. History SR 120 was designated in 1976. Major intersections See also	Nevada State Route 120
Gysbert Japiks or Japicx or Japix (1603–1666) was a West Frisian writer, poet, schoolmaster, and cantor. Life Japiks was born in Bolsward, Friesland, as Gysbert Japiks Holckema or Holkema. Japiks used his patronym and not his surname in his writing. Japiks was a school teacher by profession. In 1656, three of his children had died of the plague and Japiks' eye sight had been affected by the disease. Except for his son Salves, he would lose all his children and his wife to disease. In 1666 Japiks died of the plague. Japiks started writing from an early age. He wrote in Dutch, Frisian and Latin. He admired the Latin poets Horace and Ovid, but was also an enthusiast for his own West Frisian memmetaal, or mother tongue. His first known poetry in dates back from 1639. In his early works Japiks portrayed the life of rural Friesland, and was characterised by excessive alliteration. Much of his work were translations and reworkings of Latin poets, but also the Dutch poets Vondel and Constantijn Huygens featured prominently in his work. His first published work in book form was Friessche Tjerne (1640). In 1644, Franciscus Junius was researching Old German languages, and visited Japiks for work and information about the West Frisian language. Around 1650, Japiks and Abbe Freerks Gabbema started a letter exchange most of which still exists in which Gabbema encouraged Japiks to publish and avoid Dutch orthography in his Frisian writings. His publisher Rintjus however was reluctant to publish in Frisian. His work was the most notable in that language of his day and had the effect of elevating Frisian to literary status. Japiks' orthography with a much more nuanced and phonetically correct spelling which is significantly different from the Dutch orthography, is very similar to the current official spelling. The poems of Japiks were published in Friessche Tjerne (1640) and also posthumously in Fryske Rijmlerye (1668). Songs Japiks's Frisian songs were contrafacta to well-known tunes by composers such as Goudimel, Bourgeois, and Pierre Guédron. A selection from them was recorded by Frisian singers and Camerata Trajectina in 2003. Gysbert Japicx House The house in which Gysbert Japiks was born, was bought in 1979 by his descendants Arjen Holkema and Trijntje Holkema-Slot and turned into a museum. The museum was opened 25 September 1997 by Aad Nuis, State Secretary of Education, Culture and Science. The House also contains the local tourist agency and a bookstore specializing in the Frisian language.	Gysbert Japiks
Broughton Archipelago Provincial Park is the largest marine provincial park located in British Columbia, Canada. The park is located in the Queen Charlotte Strait around 30 km east of Port McNeill, a town situated on Vancouver Island. In terms of its functions, the park offers tourism opportunities such as kayaking and whale watching, preserves a wide array of wildlife including many at-risk species, and has a long history of use by First Nation peoples. Geography Broughton Archipelago Park is located near the south-eastern end of the Queen Charlotte Strait and the mouth of Knight Inlet. The Park’s boundary is defined by the archipelago on which it is situated, encompassing the majority of the smaller islands in said archipelago. In spite of this, the boundary deviates around Crease, Midsummer and Swanson island and covers only portions of Berry and Baker Island, making the majority of the park's area situated among small islands and the ocean. Ecology The park contains many different examples of flora and fauna endemic across much of the Pacific Northwest. Examples of the marine life that inhabit the waters of the park include cutthroat trout and salmon varieties such as pink, chinook, or coho. Likewise, the park is home to many examples of marine mammals including harbor seals, sea lions, porpoises, dolphins and a variety of whale species. Additionally, the islands are home to both clam gardens that are dotted around intertidal areas as well as a historically sporadic community of pacific white-sided dolphins. Aside from the mainly marine animals, a few of the many terrestrial animals that inhabit the area are as follows: black bears, grizzly bears, mink, and raccoons. In terms of flora, the forests across the islands contain 63% of British Columbia's protected examples of Outer Fiordland Ecosection Coastal Western Hemlock. Species at Risk There are many species that inhabit the park, including many that are categorized as being under some level threat. Species at risk whose range includes areas of the marine park are the northern abalone, marbled murrelet, killer whale, and sea otter. In terms of how these species are faring, two of the populations of killer whale that inhabit the area have been growing in recent years. The northern resident population has experienced growth from 1973 to 2021 except for small fluctuations between 1990 and 2003. The second population of killer whales, the west coast transient stock, experienced rapid growth during the 1970s to 1990s, where population growth slowed down but stayed positive. Northern abalone, which live within the boundaries of the park, have faced a large decline in their population since the 1970s and the latest report on their numbers indicated no significant recovery in abalone populations. Conservation of these species and the ecosystem as a whole is one of the primary purposes of the park. History Prior to European colonization, the First Nations had a village situation along Charles Creek. The village was strategically located on the water to take advantage of the annual salmon run; however, a landslide destroyed the village. In 1906, a cannery was built on the old site, which was subsequently destroyed by another landslide in 1933. Due to the growing demand for salmon, the archipelago was used for aquaculture starting in 1987. On September 16, 1992, Broughton Archipelago Marine Park was created by Order in Council No.1489 by converting crown land into a Class A Provincial Park. The park was created under the auspices of both the BC Land Act and the BC Park Act by the government of BC Premier Mike Harcourt. Broughton Archipelago Provincial Park was established for three purposes: protecting the ecosystem, providing a recreational area, and preserving the cultural heritage of the area. The primary purpose of the creation of the park was to protect the natural ecosystem because it represents large portions of three ecosections of the British Columbia coast and is home to several uncommon species. The second goal for the park was to create a recreational area that can be used for a variety of water-based recreational activities such as kayaking, diving, and fishing. The third purpose of the park was to protect the history of the region, particularly the cultural heritage of the Kwakiutl First Nation. Indigenous Presence Broughton Archipelago Provincial Park (established in 1992) was one of many provincial parks established by B.C.’s Protected Areas Strategy. The archipelago is situated on the ancestral territories of the Kwakwa̱ka̱ʼwakw people of the Northwest coast. What was once one large group, the Kwakwa̱ka̱ʼwakw Nation has been subject to separation through time. These separate groups ranged throughout the archipelago and thrived off its ecosystems. However, the arrival of European settlers and disease to the West Coast caused the dispossession and abandonment of sacred Kwakwa̱ka̱ʼwakw territory, and forced movement and increased interactions between groups. Today, the Dzawada'enuxw, Gwawaenuk, Kwikwasut'inuxw Haxwa'mis, Mamalilikulla, and ‘Na̲mg̲is nations are among those who remain. These groups, who have stewarded the Broughton Archipelago since time immemorial, coexisted with the many other species of animals who also called this area home. Among the species that inhabited the region, there are arguably none more important than the five species of Pacific salmon. For the Kwakwa̱ka̱ʼwakw people, salmon were not just a food source, but also an integral part of their culture. Although, with the arrival of early settlers came resource extraction, and Pacific salmon were unfortunately a major victim. Fish farms (commercial breeding) in the Broughton archipelago devastated local stocks through various changes to the environment, such as diseases like sea lice (see below) and intensified competition between species. A change was needed, so the Dzawada'enuxw, Gwawaenuk, Kwikwasut'inuxw Haxwa'mis, Mamalilikulla, and ‘Na̲mg̲is nations came together to form what is known as the Musgamagw Tsawataineuk Tribal Council (MTTC). The MTTC has, and continues to play a large role in ensuring a collaborative approach to resource management decisions in the region, both on land and in the water. Media platforms like Facebook and magazines like The Tyee have also been significant for informing the public about these issues and ensuring that concerns are recognized and dealt with. In 2018, a breakthrough document - a letter of understanding (LOU) between the BC government and the MTTC was finally realized. This letter set the foundation for a consent-based approach for all future decisions relating to the archipelago's ecosystems. To this day, these actions have seen great effect towards conservation efforts, even going as far as having the BC government agree to phase out all fish farms rejected by the council. Human Impacts Aquaculture In the archipelago lie several salmon farms. The first salmon farm was introduced into Broughton Archipelago in 1987 and production steadily rose to 17 Gg (gigagrams) by 1999. However, due to the nature of open-net pen salmon aquaculture, the tight space became a breeding ground for sea lice. Sea louse are common in both wild and farmed adult salmon populations, they feed on the host surface tissue leading to mortality in high infection rates. After a collapse of pink salmon fish stocks in 2000 and 2001, scientists investigated juvenile pink salmon and found that over 90% were infested with sea lice caused by the fish farms. Pink salmon are not like other species in that they do not rear in freshwater for the developing stages of their life. Instead, once hatched, they go straight out to sea and develop for the first few months in intertidal zones. At this stage, salmonids are particularly vulnerable to infestation as it is correlated to reduced survival. Climate Change Warmer water temperatures are associated with higher infection of parasites and pathogens. In the 1970s, fish farms were located on the Sunshine Coast, but due to warming water temperatures, there were severe losses in product caused by algal blooms and disease. So these farms migrated to cooler waters up north and settled in Broughton Archipelago. Outbreaks in parasites are found to be more severe in warmer temperatures, and temperature increases are expected to increase the frequency of outbreaks. Due to warming temperatures, parasites and pathogens are expected to shift their geographic distribution. Noise Pollution Pinnipeds and cetaceans are common inhabitants of Broughton Archipelago. Both use echolocation to communicate, hunt, and orientate themselves in the water. Many aquaculture farms have implemented acoustic harassment devices to deter predators. Originally designed to deter seals from fish farms, other species with similar hearing thresholds can also be affected by the noise. The first acoustic harassment device was implemented at the beginning of 1993 and then more were subsequently implemented. The high-powered acoustic harassment devices were designed to cause physical pain to marine mammals. They have been implemented on marine fishing gear, aquaculture, and disturbed estuarine habitats. While this deters marine mammals from fish farms, it also causes long-term displacement. Tourism Broughton Archipelago has become a destination spot for many activities. Due to the geography of the archipelago with its dozens of islands, inlets, and channels, kayaking and canoeing are some of the most popular activities. In addition, recreational fishing is also a common activity due to the amount of pink salmon that spawn there every year. Visitors can also experience whale watching in the area. The southern resident killer whales live in the area year-round and humpback whales return to the area in the summer. There are also camping opportunities. While there are no formal campsites, kayakers use some areas year round. For those visitors more inclined to educational opportunities, there is cultural tourism to learn from the First Nation communities.	Broughton Archipelago Provincial Park
This is a list of mayors of Düsseldorf, Germany. The mayor of Düsseldorf is titled Oberbürgermeister (sometimes translated as Lord Mayor). List 1815–1820: Dr. Engelbert Schramm 1820–1822: Lambert Josten 1822–1824: Joseph Molitor 1824: Leopold Custodis 1824–1828: Friedrich Adolf Klüber 1828–1833: Philipp Schöller 1833–1848: Joseph von Fuchsius 1848–1849: Wilhelm Dietze 1849: Ludwig Viktor Graf von Villers 1849–1876: Ludwig Hammers 1876–1886: Friedrich Wilhelm Becker 1886–1899: Ernst Heinrich Lindemann 1899–1910: Wilhelm Marx 1911–1919: Dr. Adalbert Oehler 1919–1924: Dr. Emil Köttgen 1924–1933: Dr. Dr. h.c. Robert Lehr (DNVP) 1933–1937: Dr. Hans Wagenführ 1937: Otto Liederley 1937–1939: Dr. Dr. Helmut Otto 1939–1945: Dr. Karl Haidn 1945: Werner Keyßner 1945: Dr. Wilhelm Fullenbach 1945–1946: Walter Kolb (SPD) 1946–1947: Karl Arnold (CDU) 1947–1959: Josef Gockeln (CDU) 1956–1959: Georg Glock 1960–1961: Willi Becker 1961: Dr. h.c. Fritz Vomfelde 1961–1964: Peter Müller (CDU) 1964–1974: Willi Becker 1974–1979: Klaus Bungert (SPD) 1979–1984: Josef Kürten (CDU) 1984–1994: Klaus Bungert (SPD) 1994–1999: Marie-Luise Smeets (SPD) 1999–2008: Joachim Erwin (CDU) 2008–2014: Dirk Elbers (CDU) 2014–2020: Thomas Geisel (SPD) 2020–present: Stephan Keller (CDU)	List of mayors of Düsseldorf
Gugh ( ; ) could be described as the sixth inhabited island of the Isles of Scilly, but is usually included with St Agnes with which it is joined by a sandy tombolo known as "The Bar" when exposed at low tide. The island is only about long and about wide, with the highest point, Kittern Hill at . The geology consists of Hercynian granite with shallow podzolic soils on the higher ground and deeper sandy soils on the lower ground. The former Gugh farm is just north of the neck across the middle of the island between the two hills. The two houses were designed and built in the 1920s by Charles Hamlet Cooper. The island lies within the Isles of Scilly Heritage Coast, is in the Isles of Scilly Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and is managed by the Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust. Vegetation cover is mainly wind-pruned heath or dense bracken and bramble with a small area of coastal grassland formed over blown sand which has accumulated near the bar. In 2013 the Isles of Scilly Seabird Recovery Project was set up by a number of organisations including the RSPB and the Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust. The five-year project aimed to keep the islands of St Agnes and Gugh brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) free, to help breeding sea birds, which lost 25% of their populations between 1983 and 2006. A programme of habitat restoration began in January 2016 with the removal of the invasive Pittosporum (Crassifolium species). History The earliest signs of occupation on Gugh are two groups each, of entrance graves and Bronze Age cairns. Entrance graves are either burial or ritual monuments and cairns are burial mounds. A lack of finds, most likely because of acid soils destroying any evidence, makes the dating of the monuments difficult but a few pottery remains date them to late Neolithic or early Bronze Age. On Kittern Hill there are five entrance graves, one of which Obadiah's Barrow was excavated in 1901, by George Bonsor, and ″disarticulate unburnt bones″ found. There is also a cluster of fourteen cairns which are linked by prehistoric field walls or banks but the relationship between the two is not established. The only menhir to be excavated on Scilly is the Old Man of Gugh, a 2.7 m (9 ft) tall standing stone which lies at the base of Kittern Hill, but there was no features or finds. There is also a cluster of nineteen cairns and a field system on the south part of Gugh along with a further two entrance graves. An English Civil War battery was built over one on Carn of Works and its chamber re-used as a magazine. The Civil War defences are concentrated around the Scillonian coast to defend the deep-water approaches. Part of Gugh is a Scheduled Monument and the whole island is recommended for scheduling. For centuries Gugh seemed to have been uninhabited and used by the residents of St Agnes for cattle grazing. Two kelp pits have been recognised, one on the north-east side of Kittern Hill and the second at Tol Tuppens. Burning seaweed was introduced in 1684 by Mr Nance on Teän to provide sodium carbonate for glass making and continued until 1835. Kelp burning only produces 2–3 percent sodium carbonate and during the 19th-century more efficient commercial and industrial methods ended the practice locally. In the 1920s, a retired surveyor and former consulting engineer of the Corporation of Wimbledon, William Hamlet Cooper (died 10 September 1932), formerly of Colchester, secured the lease of the island, built the two buildings that can be seen today and started a farm. He lived on the island, along with his housekeeper. In a 1925 letter to the Western Morning News he wrote of his attempts to control black-backed gulls (greater or lesser is not recorded), which included constant shooting and the destruction of nearly 2,000 eggs. In 1924, none of his animals could graze on the northern part of the island during the nesting season due to attacks on his cattle and sheep, which included the loss of a valuable ram which never recovered from the injuries received. In Cooper's will it states that if he died on Gugh he should be buried on the island at Kitten Hill (place of death is not mentioned). An auction of the animals and crops owned by Cooper occurred on Gugh on 21 October 1932. Animals listed were 80 fowls (mostly white leghorn), two Kerry cows, a heifer, two farm horses and 69 pigs. Also for sale was 5 tons of potatoes, 50 cartloads of mangold wurzels, 5 tons of hay, 3 tons of barley grain, 35 cwt of bran and 10 tons of lime. The buyer also had the right to harvest 2 acres of narcissus bulbs (Soleil d'Or, Scilly White and Princeps). A fire on the island In September 1933 burnt for a week with the island said to be ablaze from end to end. The fire was put out by the staff of Major Dorrien-Smith and the farmhouse and farm buildings owned by Mr Theo Bond and his wife, the only inhabitants, were saved. The Bonds formerly lived on St Martin's, spent their honeymoon on the Gugh and decided to live there and continue flower production. Natural history The island was first notified as a Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1976 and re-notified under the 1981 Act in 1986. The SSSI covers an area of , of which was assessed as "unfavourable recovering" when it was reviewed on 30 July 2010. "Although the vascular plant assemblage (VPA) is favourable the notified heathland habitat is recorded as unfavourable recovering. The VPA species are all present and occurring in suitable habitat except for small adder's-tongue (Ophioglossum azoricum) which has not been recorded on this site since 1986, however, the former site appears suitable for the species and is therefore recorded as favourable". The reasons for the unfavourable assessment is because there is too much ground cover of bramble (Rubus fruiticosus) and Pittosporum, and the heath on Kittern Hill is less interesting than on the rest of the island. The reason is probably because of a fire on the hill in 1972 and subsequently there is less Cladonia sp. (a lichen). The Pittosporum requires urgent control and the island needs grazing to return it to a favourable condition. There is also a problem with the recent appearance of stone mazes which should be discouraged. The notifiable habitats for Gugh are the heath communities; H7, H8 and H11. Flora Much of the vegetation of Gugh is either wind-pruned, dry, waved maritime heath or dense gorse and bracken. The three dominant species on the heath are heather (Calluna vulgaris), bell heather (Erica cinerea) and western gorse (Ulex gallii). Immediately above the bar is a small area of dune grassland merging into maritime grassland around the coastal fringe. On the small dune system grows western clover (Trifolium occidentale), sea holly (Eryngium maritimum), sea spurge (Euphorbia paralias) and Portland spurge (Euphorbia portlandica), wild thyme (Thymus polytrichus) and sea bindweed (Calystegia soldanella). The neck of the island between the two hills where the farm was located has an unusual flora. Amongst dense bracken is balm-leaved figwort (Scrophularia scorodonia), common here but not found elsewhere on the island and an unidentified yellow, cultivated rose. A second alien, Argentine dock (Rumex frutescens) grows on the edge of a sand pit which was originally intended to be a reservoir. The fields below the two houses were, before 1933, fertilised with "shoddy" – a high nitrate manure derived from the woollen industry. Within these fields can be found viper's-bugloss (Echium vulgare), common melilot (Melilotus officinalis) and wild mignonette (Reseda lutea). All three are thought to be imported arable weeds. In the 1960s the "neck" was a closely cropped sward of grass but after myxomatosis the area became overgrown with bracken and bramble. In October, 1972 a fire on Kittern Hill burnt through the shallow peaty soil to the granite. Bleached stones and blackened gorse stems can still be seen and the vegetation has not recovered sufficiently to equal the waved heath elsewhere on Scilly. Heath is on the hills on both sides of “the neck” and in the south of the island the nationally rare orange bird's-foot (Ornithopus pinnatus) can be found as can rare lichen species such as Lobaria pulmonaria and golden-hair lichen (Teloschistes flavicans). Rare plants Shore dock (Rumex rupestris) first discovered here in 1893 by John Ralfs still extant in the 1960s but now extinct. Small adder's-tongue (Ophioglossum azoricum) has not been seen since at least the mid-1980s. The site was on the east coast between Carn Kimbra and Point Witcher. The only area of the SSSI that was classified as "favourable". Four-leaved allseed (Polycarpon tetraphyllum) was recorded by Lousley in 1939 and 1940. Fauna In July 1924, W. N. Blair caught a shrew which he did not recognise and sent a specimen to the British Museum for the attention of Martin Hinton, who identified it as the lesser white-toothed shrew (Crocidura suaveolens). Known as the "Scilly shrew", the type specimen is held by the British Museum. The other mammals found on Gugh are feral cats, rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and possibly the house mouse (Mus musculus). Permanent monitoring stations, consisting of boxes with chocolate wax inside, have been set up around the coasts of both Gugh and St Agnes and a baiting grid will be set up around any signs of rats. As of 2015 the brown rat is most likely eradicated on the island. Rabbits are currently the only grazing animal and in the 1960s myxomatosis decimated the population and led to an increase of scrub on parts of the island, especially "the neck" where in some years cuckoos (Cuculus canorus) were attracted by the large numbers of garden tiger moth (Arctia caja) and other large caterpillars. In one year the number of garden tiger larvae was 90 per square metre. The last grazing animals left in 1974 and Natural England would like grazing animals back on Gugh to counteract the effects of the scrub and dense sward of grass covering parts of the island. A cobalt deficiency in the soil means grazing animals need supplements. In the southern part of the island large colonies of lesser black-blacked (Larus fuscus graellsii) and herring gull (Larus argentatus) breed, as do a small number of greater black-backed gull (Larus marinus). Storm petrel (Hydrobates pelagicus) and kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) no longer breed there. To protect and enhance the islands' seabirds, and to protect Annet (an important breeding site) from re-invasion, a feasibility study was carried out to see if it was possible to eradicate rats from the Isles of Scilly. A winter trapping survey on St Agnes and Gugh indicated that those islands had a population of 3,300 brown rats. It was found the rats foraged on a variety of food including Scilly shrew which were found in the stomach contents of 18% of the rats trapped. Furthermore, numbers of the shrew were higher in areas where the rats were controlled; an indication that rats are having an effect on their numbers. The survey showed that it was both feasible, and there are significant benefits, to remove the rats as they are preventing Manx shearwater and storm petrel from establishing on St Agnes and Gugh. In 2009 lesser black-backed gull bred on Gugh but with low chick productivity, and the small colony of kittiwake nested, but failed for at least the fourth year. Following the rat eradication programme 12 Manx shearwater chicks fledged on Gugh and St Agnes in September 2014. Vagrant birds A white-tailed eagle (Haliaetus albicilla) with a wingspan of 7 ft 6 in (2.29 m) was shot on Gugh in November 1909. A white-tailed eagle (Haliaetus albicilla) was seen on the Isles of Scilly (and Bosigran, Zennor) from April 1947 onwards. It was thought to roost on Gugh where it was once seen eating a shag (Gulosus aristotelis). A two–barred greenish warbler was found by Colin Bradshaw and Tom Bradshaw on Gugh from 21 to 27 October 1987. A first for Britain and Ireland. Insects Lepidoptera Cocksfoot moth (Glyphipterix simpliciella), very common Nothris congressariella, the larvae feed between spun leaves of balm-leaved figwort (Scrophularia scorodonia) and first recorded on Gugh in May 1994 Epagoge grotiana – recorded on 9 July 1995 Scoparia subfusca, recorded by day in 1993 Common carpet (Epirrhoe alternata) – recorded in 1995 Purple bar (Cosmorhoe ocellata) – recorded in the years 1993,1994 and 1995 Habitat restoration In 2013 the Isles of Scilly Seabird Recovery Project was set up by a number of organisations including the RSPB and the Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust. The five-year project aims to keep the islands of St Agnes and Gugh brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) free, to help breeding sea birds, which lost 25% of their populations between 1983 and 2006. The rats eat eggs and kill the chicks of those birds that nest in burrows or on the ground. Rat removal began in October 2013 by a team of thirty volunteers led by Wildlife Management International Limited (WMIL) of New Zealand, and there has been no signs of rats on St Agnes and Gugh since December 2013. The ranger team of the Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust started to remove pittosporum from some areas in 2016. By 2019, 3 acres (1.2 hectares) had been removed from the sea-bird breeding areas and archaeology sites. They also created a mosaic of differing vegetation heights in the areas of grassland to create conditions favourable for orange bird's-foot and clovers, which need short turf, and in longer grass, Babington's leek and grass balm-leaved figwort. See also British National Vegetation Classification South Walls in Orkney	Gugh
Icelandair Group hf. is an Icelandic travel industry corporation, the owner and holding company of the airline Icelandair and several other travel industry companies in Iceland. The group's headquarters are at Reykjavík Airport in Reykjavík. The corporation is the largest in Iceland, with 125 billion ISK in revenue in 2013. Operations Icelandair Group focuses on the international airline and tourism sectors, with Iceland as the cornerstone of its international route network. The business concept of the group is built exclusively on Icelandair's route network and on marketing Iceland as a year-round destination. During 2013 the group employed an average of 2,850 full-time employees. 1,387 of those were employed by Icelandair. The number of employees had been rising steadily from 2,028 in 2010. Icelandair Group is the parent company of nine subsidiaries that form the two business segments of Route Network and Tourism Services. In addition to passenger flights operated by Icelandair, the group has vast interests in most aspects of Icelandic tourism and aviation, including hotel chains, travel agencies, domestic airlines and cargo, support services, as well as fledgling ACMI and lease operations. History Icelandair Group traces its roots to 1937 when the airline Flugfélag Akureyrar, was founded at Akureyri on the north coast of Iceland. In 1943 the company moved its headquarters to the capital Reykjavík and changed its name to Air Iceland, which later assumed the international trade name Icelandair. In 1944 another Icelandic airline was founded, Loftleiðir, by three young pilots returning from flight training in Canada. Initially, both companies concentrated on Icelandic domestic air services but then began international flights between Iceland and other countries. In 1953 Loftleiðir pioneered low-fare services across the North Atlantic and became quite successful for the greater part of two decades. In 1973, however, it was agreed to merge both Air Iceland and Loftleiðir under a new holding company, Flugleiðir. In October 1979 Flugleiðir assumed all operating responsibilities of its two parents and decided to use Icelandair as its international trade name, retaining the Flugleiðir name for the Icelandic domestic market. In January 2003 Flugleiðir became a holding company with 11 subsidiaries in the travel and tourist industry in Iceland with Icelandair being the largest subsidiary. In 2005 the name Flugleiðir was changed to FL Group which would concentrate on investment, while Icelandair continued its flight operations under the aegis of a separate company, Icelandair Group. The board of directors of FL Group announced in February 2006 its intention to list Icelandair Group on Iceland Stock Exchange. Then in December of the same year the company was listed as ICEAIR on the ICEX. The next year FL Group landed in dire financial straits and then Icelandair Group was hit by the 2008–2012 Icelandic financial crisis. In 2009 Icelandair Group started a financial restructuring, which was successfully completed in February 2011. On 5 November 2018, Icelandair Group announced that it had made a purchase agreement to acquire all shares of competitor WOW air. The intention was that, after approval of the agreement by shareholders, the two airlines would continue to operate as separate brands. However, the merger was abandoned less than a month later. WOW air then held talks with Indigo Partners; after those talks failed on 21 March 2019, Icelandair Group briefly but unsuccessfully resumed discussions, before WOW air's subsequent cessation of operations on 28 March. Icelandair was one of several airlines to propose special "rescue fares" for stranded WOW air passengers. Shareholders Most of the shareholders of Icelandair Group are pension and investment funds in Iceland. The Pension Fund of Commerce is the biggest shareholder, with 14.36% of shares at the end of 2013. About 22% of the shares are held by small shareholders with less than 0.70% of the shares each. Subsidiaries The subsidiaries of Icelandair Group: Icelandair Icelandair Cargo Defunct subsidiaries include: Air Iceland Connect Loftleidir Icelandic VITA	Icelandair Group
The Manchurian Candidate is a novel by Richard Condon, first published in 1959. It is a political thriller about the son of a prominent U.S. political family who is brainwashed into being an unwitting assassin for a Communist conspiracy. The novel has twice been adapted into a feature film with the same title: the first was released in 1962 and the second in 2004. Plot summary Major Bennett Marco, Sergeant Raymond Shaw, and the rest of their infantry platoon are captured by an elite Soviet commando unit during the Korean War in 1952. They are taken to Manchuria, and brainwashed into believing Shaw saved their lives in combat – for which Shaw is subsequently awarded the Medal of Honor. Years after the war, Marco, now back in the United States working as an intelligence officer, begins suffering a recurring nightmare in which the seated platoon members are surrounded by a group of sweet little old ladies who had been a part of their brainwashing. One of the ladies tells Sergeant Shaw to murder two of his platoon comrades. The backdrop with the old ladies changes back and forth between them and Chinese/Soviet intelligence officials. When Marco learns that another of the platoon's soldiers has been suffering the exact same nightmare, he starts looking into why this is happening. Major Marco looks up Sergeant Raymond Shaw and discovers that Shaw's new manservant is someone he recognizes from Korea. Marco and the manservant start fighting in Shaw's house and both are bloodied significantly. Marco is arrested, and when Shaw sees that it is his old major they rekindle their old friendship. Both find love interests: for Marco, it is Rose Cheyney, whom he meets on a train; and for Raymond, it is Jocelyn Jordan, the daughter of Senator Thomas Jordan, a neighbor of Shaw's. Senator Jordan and Shaw's mother do not like each other, but Raymond continues to see Jocelyn. It is revealed that the Communists have been using Shaw as a sleeper agent who, activated by a post-hypnotic trigger, immediately forgets the assignments he carries out and therefore can never betray the operation either purposely or inadvertently. In Shaw's case, the suggestion that he play solitaire is the trigger. Seeing the queen of diamonds playing card transforms him into an assassin who will kill anyone at whom he is directed. Shaw's KGB handler is his domineering mother, Eleanor. Married to McCarthy-esque Senator Johnny Iselin, Eleanor has convinced the Communist powers to help install her husband as president and allow them to control the American government through him. By observing Shaw, Marco discovers the trigger shortly before the national convention of Iselin's political party. He uses the queen of diamonds card to draw out Eleanor's plan: after she obtains the vice presidential nomination for Iselin, Shaw is to shoot the presidential candidate so that Iselin can succeed him. Blaming the killing on the Communists will enable Iselin to assume dictatorial powers. Marco reprograms Shaw, although it is unclear until the final pages whether this is successful. At the convention, Shaw instead shoots and kills his mother and Senator Iselin. Marco is the first person to reach Shaw's sniper nest, getting there just before Shaw turns the gun on himself and commits suicide. Alleged plagiarism In 1998, software developer C. J. Silverio noted that several long passages of the novel seemed to be adapted from Robert Graves's 1934 novel I, Claudius. Forensic linguist John Olsson judged that "There can be no disputing that Richard Condon plagiarized from Robert Graves." Olsson went on to state that "As plagiarists go, Condon is quite creative, he does not confine himself to one source and is prepared to throw other ingredients into the pot." Jonathan Lethem, in his influential essay "The Ecstasy of Influence: A Plagiarism", has included Condon's novels as "texts that become troubling to their admirers after the discovery of their 'plagiarized' elements". Film adaptations The book has twice been adapted into a feature film of the same title. The Manchurian Candidate (1962) is considered a classic of the political thriller genre. It was directed by John Frankenheimer and starred Laurence Harvey as Shaw, Frank Sinatra as Marco, and Angela Lansbury as Eleanor in an Academy Award-nominated performance. The Manchurian Candidate (2004) was directed by Jonathan Demme, and starred Liev Schreiber as Shaw, Denzel Washington as Marco, and Meryl Streep as Eleanor. It was generally well received by critics, and moderately successful at the box office. The film updated the conflict (and brainwashing) to the Persian Gulf War in 1991, had a U.S. corporation (called "Manchurian Global") as the perpetrator of the brainwashing and conspiracy instead of foreign Communist groups, and dropped the Johnny Iselin character in favor of making both Shaw and his mother elected politicians. Both adaptations discard several elements of the book. The book spends more time describing the brainwashers and the facility in Manchuria where the Americans were held. The head of the project grants Raymond a "gift"; after his brainwashing, he becomes quite sexually active, in contrast to his reserved nature beforehand where he had not even kissed his love interest, Jocelyn Jordan. In the novel, Mrs. Iselin and her son travel abroad, where she uses him to kill various political figures and possibly Jocelyn Jordan's first husband. Rosie, Marco's love interest, is the ex-fiancée of one of his associates handling the Shaw case for Army Intelligence, making things between the couple tense. The movie adaptations also all but omit the novel's portrayal of incest between Raymond and his mother, only hinting at it with a mouth-to-mouth kiss. As a child, Mrs. Iselin was sexually abused by her father, but fell in love with him and idolized him after his early death. Towards the end of the book, as Raymond is hypnotized by the Queen of Diamonds, he reminds her of her father and they sleep together. The 1962 version does not state outright the political affiliation of Senators Iselin and Jordan (implied to be Republicans), although in the 2004 film the equivalent characters are Democrats. According to David Willis McCullough, Senator Iselin is modeled on Republican senator Joseph McCarthy and, according to Condon, Shaw's mother is based on McCarthy's counsel Roy Cohn. Other adaptations A stage adaptation by John Lahr opened in London in 1991, and has since played in the United States. Kevin Puts has adapted the work into an opera. His opera The Manchurian Candidate premiered in March 2015 at the Minnesota Opera. It has been performed by the Austin Opera and at the Seagle Festival in the Adirondacks of New York. In popular culture A copy of The Manchurian Candidate is a major plot point in the 1999 novel False Memory by Dean Koontz. The novel's title is referenced in many TV shows: Gravity Falls episode "The Stanchurian Candidate", aired as part of the series' second season. Rick and Morty'''s season 3 episode "The Rickchurian Mortydate". Family Guy's season 21 episode "The Munchurian Candidate". In the season 4 episode "Chuck versus Phase Three" of the TV series Chuck, the protagonist compares his experience of remembering dreams to The Manchurian Candidate. In season 2 episode 3 of The Eric Andre Show, during a segment with Downtown Julie Brown, Eric Andre reveals that he programmed Hannibal Buress to be his "Manchurian Candidate" before using his trigger phrase to force Hannibal into shooting a backstage crew member. In the 2016 MCU movie, "Captain America: Civil War," Tony Stark references the novel, nicknaming the Winter Soldier, Bucky Barnes, "Manchurian Candidate". See also List of assassinations in fiction Conspiracy thriller Brainwashing Notes	The Manchurian Candidate

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