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# Kenneth McMillan (actor)
## Filmography
Film
Year Title Role Notes
------ -------------------------------------- ----------------------------- --------------------------
1973 *Serpico* Charlie Uncredited
1974 *The Taking of Pelham One Two Three* Harry (Borough Commander)
1975 *The Stepford Wives* Market Manager
*Dog Day Afternoon* Commissioner Uncredited
1978 *Girlfriends* Cabbie Credited as Ken McMillan
*Bloodbrothers* Mikey Banion
*Oliver\'s Story* Jamie Francis
1979 *Chilly Scenes of Winter* Pete
1980 *Hide in Plain Sight* Sam Marzetta
*Little Miss Marker* Branigan
*Carny* Heavy St. John
*Borderline* Malcolm Wallace
1981 *Eyewitness* Mr. Deever
*True Confessions* Frank Crotty
*Ragtime* Willie Conklin
*Whose Life Is It Anyway?* Judge Wyler
*Heartbeeps* Max
1982 *Partners* Chief Wilkins
*The Clairvoyant* Detective Cullum
1983 *Blue Skies Again* Dirk
1984 *Reckless* John Rourke Sr.
*The Pope of Greenwich Village* Barney
*Amadeus* Michael Schlumberg Director\'s Cut (2002)
*Dune* Baron Vladimir Harkonnen
*Protocol* Senator Norris
1985 *Cat\'s Eye* Cressner
*Runaway Train* Eddie MacDonald
1986 *Armed and Dangerous* Captain Clarence O\'Connell
1987 *Malone* Hawkins
1989 *Three Fugitives* Horvath
Television
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
+==========+========================================================================+========================================================================+=================================================================================================+
| 1969 | *Dark Shadows* | Jack Long | Episode #899 |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1970 | *Dark Shadows* | Bartender at the Eagle | Episode #991 |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1975--76 | *Ryan\'s Hope* | Charlie Ferris | 17 episodes |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1976 | *Kojak* | Lieutenant Becker | Season 4 Episode 9: \"A Shield for Murder: Part 1\"\ |
| | | | Season 4 Episode 10: \"A Shield for Murder: Part 2\" |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1977 | *Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye* | Softy McNamara | TV movie |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | *The Rubber Gun Squad* | Captain Egan | TV pilot movie |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1977--78 | \'\'Rhoda | Jack Doyle | Recurring (24 episodes) (also performer on \"Blue Moon\" and \"As Time Goes By\" in 2 episodes) |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1978 | *Kojak* | Lieutenant George O\'Mara | Season 5 Episode 17: \"No License to Kill\" |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | *Breaking Up* | Vancrier | TV movie |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | *King* | Theophilus Eugene \"Bull\" Connor | Miniseries (Season 1 Episodes 1, 2, 3) (credit only for Episode 3) |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | *A Death in Canaan* | Sergeant Tim Scully | TV movie |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | *Starsky & Hutch* | Lieutenant Daniel E. Slate | Season 4 Episode 6: \"Strange Justice\" |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | *The Rockford Files* | Morry Hawthorne | Season 5 Episode 10: \"A Fast Count\" |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1979 | *Lou Grant* | Jack Riley | Season 2 Episode 20: \"Convention\" |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | *Salem\'s Lot* | Constable Parkins Gillespie | Miniseries (Season 1 Episodes Part 1, Part 2) |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1980 | *The Hustler of Muscle Beach* | Joseph Demec | TV movie |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1982 | *In the Custody of Strangers* | Albert C. Caruso | |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1983 | *Packin\' It In* | Howard Estep | |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | *Dixie: Changing Habits* | Tony Marchesso | |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | *Murder 1, Dancer 0* | Lieutenant Herbie Quinlan | |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1984 | *When She Says No* | Mr. Michaels | |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | *Maggie Briggs* | Walter Holden | Main (5 episodes) |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | *Concrete Beat* | Marion Kaiser | TV movie |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | *Destination Dune* | Self / Baron Vladimir Harkonnen | TV documentary short promoting *Dune* |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1985--86 | *Our Family Honor* | Commissioner Patrick McKay | Main (13 episodes) |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1986 | *Acceptable Risks* | Wes Boggs | TV movie |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | *Alfred Hitchcock Presents* | Judge Paul Magrew | Season 1 Episode 21: \"Four O\'Clock\" |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | *Moonlighting* | Baptista | Season 3 Episode 7: \"Atomic Shakespeare\" |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1987 | *CBS Summer Playhouse* | Harry Gunz | Season 1 Episode 19: \"Sons of Gunz\" |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | *Murder, She Wrote* | Coach Kevin Cauldwell \| Season 4 Episode 2: \"When Thieves Fall Out\" | |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | *Magnum, P.I.* | Joe Hatten | Season 8 Episode 3: \"Innocence\... A Broad\" |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | *Tales from the Hollywood Hills: A Table at Ciro\'s* | Lew Carteret | TV movie |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1988 | *Frank\'s Place* | Mitch Torrance | Season 1 Episode 22: \"The King of Wall Street\" (credited as Ken McMillan) |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | *Favorite Son* | Henry O\'Brien | Season 1 Episode 1: \"Part One\" |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1989 | *Top of the Hill* | Steele Cooley | Season 1 Episode 1: \"Top of the Hill\" |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1997 | *Welcome to Twin Peaks* | Baron Vladimir Harkonnen | Archive footage; uncredited |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2013 | *The Calm Before the Chaos: Kyle T
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# Constructability
Constructibility}}
**Constructability** (or **buildability**) is a concept that denotes ease of construction. It can be central to project management techniques to review construction processes from start to finish during pre-construction phase. Buildability assessment is employed to identify obstacles before a project is actually built to reduce or prevent errors, delays, and cost overruns.
CII defines constructability as "the optimal use of construction knowledge and experience in planning, design, procurement, and field operations to achieve overall project objectives".
The term \"constructability\" can also define the ease and efficiency with which structures can be built. The more constructible a structure is, the more economical it will be. Constructability is in part a reflection of the quality of the design documents; that is, if the design documents are difficult to understand and interpret, the project will be difficult to build.
The term refers to:
- the extent to which the design of the building facilitates ease of construction, subject to the overall requirements for the completed building (CIRIA definition).
- the effective and timely integration of construction knowledge into the conceptual planning, design, construction, and field operations of a project to achieve the overall project objectives in the best possible time and accuracy at the most cost-effective levels (CII definition).
- the integration of construction knowledge in the project delivery process and balancing the various project and environmental constraints to achieve the project goals and building performance at the optimal level.(CIIA definition).
## Principles
There are 12 principles of constructability which are mapped on to the procurement process:
1. Integration
2. Construction knowledge
3. Team skills
4. Corporate objectives
5. Available resources
6. External factors
7. Programme
8. Construction methodology
9. Accessibility
10. Specifications
11. Construction innovation
12
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# CBC Radio 3 Sessions
***CBC Radio 3 Sessions*** is a Canadian radio program, which airs on the satellite radio network CBC Radio 3. Hosted by Tariq Hussain, the program airs in-studio sessions by Canadian musicians in the Radio 3 studios, including both live song performances and interview segments. Two artists are profiled in each episode, each of which performs for half an hour.
Some of the sessions predate Radio 3\'s presence as a radio network, dating back to its time as a webcast provider. One of its projects during that era was **Just Concerts**, a website which aired both studio sessions and recordings of regular concerts. The studio sessions began to air as a radio program in February 2007.
The program airs at 11 a.m. PT (2 p.m. ET) on Saturdays, midnight PT (3 a.m. ET) on Sundays and 4 a.m. PT (7 a.m. ET) on Mondays. For the first four episodes, the Sunday time slot was also part of the network\'s simulcast on CBC Radio 2. The program is also available as streaming audio from CBC Radio 3\'s website, and has also aired as a television series on the CBC\'s digital bold network.
## Podcast
On September 12, 2007, CBC Radio 3 introduced the CBC Radio 3 Sessions podcast, which allows anyone to download the program onto their computer or digital audio player. Each podcast session features a single artist.
## Sirius Satellite Sessions Episodes {#sirius_satellite_sessions_episodes}
1. Shout Out Out Out Out, We Are Wolves
2. Hot Hot Heat, Shapes and Sizes
3. Destroyer, The FemBots
4. Jason Collett, Christine Fellows
5. Dragon Fli Empire, The Phonograff
6. Immaculate Machine, The Meligrove Band
7. Joel Plaskett, Cuff the Duke
8. Shotgun & Jaybird, Blood Meridian
9. Tokyo Police Club, You Say Party! We Say Die!
10. The Acorn, Precious Fathers
11. The Flatliners, The Black Halos
12. Vailhalen, The Blood Lines
13. The Inflation Kills, Sylvie
14. Malajube, Novillero
15. Les Georges Leningrad, They Shoot Horses, Don\'t They?
16. Pony Up, The Hot Springs
17. The Sadies, The Buttless Chaps
18. Wintersleep, Bend Sinister
19. Pride Tiger, Raising the Fawn
20. The Constantines, Ladyhawk
21. Hylozoists, The Old Soul
22. Matt Mays, Matthew Barber
23. The Golden Dogs, Two Hours Traffic
24. Jill Barber, Amy Millan
25. Henri Fabergé and the Adorables, The Bicycles
26
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# Lake Ilsanjo
**Lake Ilsanjo** is a man-made lake located in Annadel State Park east of Santa Rosa in Sonoma County, California, United States. It is a place for fishing and swimming, especially in the summer months. Entrepreneur Joe Coney originally owned the land that is now Annadel State Park and built the lake in the mid-1950s, naming it after his wife Ilsa and himself. It drains into Spring Creek. Coney sold the land to California State Parks in 1969, and it became a state park in 1971.
The lake is formed by a dam constructed in the 1950s. Originally the overflow drained to a gully during the winter months, but in 2003, the state spent almost \$400,000 building a spillway and release valve to reduce downstream erosion. During the winter of 2007--08, park officials accidentally left the release valve open, causing the lake level to drop far below normal, exposing mudflats that would normally be underwater
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# Nexton
is a Japanese software publishing company specializing in the publishing and distribution of adult visual novels for 23 game development brands that Nexton is partners with. The company is located in Osaka, Japan. The current president, Akihiko Suzuki has served as the chief director of the Ethics Organization of Computer Software.
## Brands
- Azarashi Soft and its subsidiaries, Azarashi Soft+1 and Azarashi Soft Zero
- BaseSon and its subsidiaries, BaseSon SPICE\* and BaseSon Light
- Cinematograph
- Galactica
- Herencia
- KarinProject
- Latte (Formerly Tactics\*Latte)
- Liquid
- Lusterise
- Luxury (Formerly Tactics\*Luxury) and its subsidiary Luxury Tiara
- M\'s TOY BOX:
- Dark One!
- GLASSES
- RE:creation
- Sky Rocket
- Mayfar Soft
- Nameless
- Novamicus
- Nomad
- Portion
- Pure-Liquid
- Score and its subsidiary Score \[Shukoa!\]
- Torte Soft
- Yumemiru (Co-owned by DiGination)
Former brands
- PL+US
- Psycho---produced Miko Miko Nurse
- Tactics
- RaSen (succeeded by Yukari, independent from Nexton)
## Tactics
Tactics was a brand of Nexton from 1997 to 2011. Their debut release was a game titled *Dōsei* in mid-1997, followed by *Moon* in the same year, and *One: Kagayaku Kisetsu e* in 1998. The last two games were met with much praise from the Japanese community. While the studio was still in its early years, the core team of both *Moon* and *One* broke off and began their own company, Key, in 1998. Tactics continued to release games despite this sudden change in staff. In 2009, Tactics became two separate brands: Tactics Luxury and Tactics\*Latte. In 2011, the Tactics brand shut down and the two brands became independent
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# Art Boileau
**Arthur Boileau** (born October 9, 1957) is a Canadian long-distance runner who was a two-time winner of the Los Angeles Marathon, winning in both 1987 and 1989. Boileau also finished 2nd in the 1986 Boston Marathon. He also represented Canada in two consecutive Summer Olympics in the men\'s marathon. In the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, he finished in 44th, and four years later in Seoul, South Korea he placed 28th. Born in Edmonton, Alberta, Boileau is currently a resident of North Vancouver, British Columbia
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# Norberto Huezo
**José Norberto Huezo Montoya** (6 June 1956 -- 5 March 2025) was a footballer from El Salvador who represented his country at the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain.
## Club career {#club_career}
Huezo started his career at UES and played for ANTEL before joining Atlético Marte in 1976. He then played in Mexico, but returned to Marte only to try his luck abroad again when he moved to Spanish side Palencia. He also played for Cartagena FC but returned to Marte again in 1985. He left after a year for Costa Rican outfit Herediano with whom he won a league title and then for Guatemalan side Jalapa. He finished his career at FAS.
## International career {#international_career}
Nicknamed *Pajarito* (little bird), Huezo participated in the 1975 Pan American Games hosted in Mexico. El Salvador competed in a group with Brazil, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. They debuted with a 4--1 win against Nicaragua on 14 October, with three goals from Huezo. El Salvador eventually finished third in Group D.
Huezo represented his country in 22 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and played in all three games at the 1982 World Cup Finals.
Huezo scored 16 goals for the El Salvador national team from 1973 to 1987.
## Death
Huezo died from complications of a stroke on 5 March 2025, surrounded by family and friends. He was 68
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# The Lively Arts
**The Lively Arts** was a weekly half-hour CBC Television programme about arts and culture. It ran from October 1961 to June 1964. The show was composed of filmed and studio interviews, either produced by the CBC or purchased from the BBC and others.
## Episodes
### 1963
- January 15: Mexican sculpture, 7000 to 1500 BC
- January 22: A film tour of St. Paul\'s Cathedral, London, with architect Sir Basil Spence
- February 12: The photos of William Notman, selected from the McGill collection
- February 26: A documentary on R
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# Chua Sock Koong
**Chua Sock Koong** `{{Post-nominals|country=||list=[[Bintang Bakti Masyarakat|BBM]]}}`{=mediawiki} (born 14 September 1957) is the former CEO of Singtel, having held this position from April 2007 to December 2020.
## Education
Chua completed her education at Raffles Girls School and Raffles Institution. Chua holds a Bachelor of Accountancy (First Class Honours) from the University of Singapore.
## Career
Appointed Group Chief Executive Officer in April 2007, Chua directed Singtel's global strategy and oversees its consumer, enterprise and digital businesses. Before helming Singtel as Group CEO, Chua served in various key capacities within the company, most notably CEO International and Group CFO, after first joining as Treasurer in 1989. She was instrumental in the corporatisation of Singtel in 1992 and its subsequent successful listing on the Singapore Stock Exchange a year later. She also restructured the company for competition in the lead up to the full liberalisation of the Singapore telecoms market in 2000.
Chua led Singtel's transformation from a traditional telecommunications company into a communications technology company.
In February 2014, Chua asked for regulators to grant telecommunications companies the right to charge technology companies such as WhatsApp and Skype, for use of telecommunication networks, which she said was necessary because of the fall in telecommunication companies\' revenues from phone calls and text messaging as a result of competition from these new carriers.
Faced with the realities of a small domestic market, Chua was part of the core leadership team which developed Singtel's internationalisation strategy which accounts for the Group's acquisition of Optus in Australia and a host of other regional telecom investments.
As CEO International, she stepped up Singtel's diversification across some of Asia's fastest growing economies, leading and overseeing investments in India's Bharti Airtel, Indonesia\'s Telkomsel, Thailand's AIS and Philippines\' Globe.
## External boards and appointments {#external_boards_and_appointments}
In 2019, she became the first woman to join Singapore's Council of Presidential Advisers when she was made an alternate member by President Halimah Yacob. She was appointed a full member of the council in 2020.
Chua is also the Deputy Chairman of the Public Service Commission in Singapore.
She was Deputy Chair of the GSMA Board from 2019 to 2020.
In 2023, she was named a member of the McKinsey & Company External Advisory Group.
She is also a Fellow Member of the Institute of Singapore Chartered Accountants and holds a CFA charter.
## Awards and decorations {#awards_and_decorations}
- Public Service Star, in 2019
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# Mactra
***Mactra*** is a large genus of medium-sized marine bivalve mollusks or clams, commonly known as trough shells or duck clams. *Mactra* is the type genus within the family Mactridae.
The word \"trough\" in the common name refers to the fact that all *Mactra* shells have a large ligamental pit at the hinge line, which in life contains a large internal ligament. Most bivalves in other families have an external ligament instead.
## Species
- *Mactra chinensis* Philippi, 1846
- *Mactra glabrata* Linnaeus, 1767
- *Mactra glauca* Born, 1778
- *Mactra grandis* (Gmelin, 1791)
- *Mactra guidoi* Signorelli & F. Scarabino, 2010
- *Mactra isabelleana* d\'Orbiginny, 1846
- *Mactra lilacea* Lamarck, 1818
- *Mactra quadrangularis* Reeve, 1854
- *Mactra sauliana* Gray, 1838
- *Mactra stultorum* (Linnaeus, 1758)
- *Mactra veneriformis* (シオフキガイ, *shiofukigai* in Japanese; *동죽 조개* in Korean)
Species brought into synonymy:
- *Mactra acutissima* Cosel, 1995: synonym of *Scissodesma acutissima* (Cosel, 1995)
- *Mactra angolensis* Cosel, 1995: synonym of *Scissodesma angolensis* (Cosel, 1995)
- *Mactra discors* Gray, 1873: synonym of *Spisula discors* (Gray, 1837)
- *Mactra inconstans* Cosel, 1995: synonym of *Huberimactra inconstans* (Cosel, 1995)
- *Mactra micronitida* Cosel, 1995: synonym of *Scissodesma micronitida* (Cosel, 1995)
- *Mactra murchisoni* Deshayes, 1854 : synonym of *Spisula murchisoni* (Reeve, 1854)
- *Mactra nitida* Spengler, 1786: synonym of *Scissodesma nitida* (Gmelin, 1791)
- *Mactra ordinaria* (E.A.Smith, 1898) : synonym of *Maorimactra ordinaria* (E. A. Smith, 1898)
- *Mactra ovata* Wood 1828 : synonym of *Paphies australis* (Gmelin, 1791)
- *Mactra rostrata* Spengler, 1802: synonym of *Barymactra rostrata* (Spengler, 1802)
- *Mactra silicula* Reeve, 1854: synonym of *Mactrotoma compressa* (Spengler, 1802)
- *Mactra tristis* (Reeve, 1854): synonym of *Cyclomactra tristis* (Reeve, 1854)
- *Mactra vitrea* Gray, 1837: synonym of *Huberimactra grayi* (M
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# Owain Warlow
**Owain James Warlow** (born 25 October 1987) is a Welsh footballer who plays as a defender and midfielder for Penybont. He is also a former Wales under-21 international.
He has previously played for Lincoln City, Kettering Town, Llanelli and Gainsborough Trinity.
## Club career {#club_career}
### Lincoln City {#lincoln_city}
Born in Church Village, near Pontypridd, Warlow is a product of Lincoln City\'s centre of excellence youth academy. He made his professional debut on 10 February 2007 in a 2--0 win over Torquay United, going on to make a total of 5 appearances for the side in his first season and being handed a two-year contract. After featuring in the first team squad more during the 2007--08 season, he joined Conference National side Kettering Town on loan at the start of the 2008--09 season, making four appearances before returning to Lincoln.
### Llanelli
However Warlow did not feature for the club during the remainder of the season and was released in May 2009, along with six other players. On 16 June 2009, it was announced that Warlow had signed for Welsh Premier League side Llanelli on a free transfer, after spending time training with the side. He made his debut as a 51st-minute substitute in place of player-manager Andy Legg during Llanelli\'s Europa League victory over Motherwell.
He departed the club by mutual consent in March 2011 to move to Barcelona.
### Gainsborough Trinity {#gainsborough_trinity}
On 23 July 2011 Warlow played for Gainsborough Trinity on trial in a friendly match against Frickley Athletic, before signing for the club on 9 August 2011.
### Worksop Town {#worksop_town}
Following a successful loan spell, Warlow signed for Northern Premier League Premier Division team, Worksop Town, on 9 December 2011.
Following a rough start to his Worksop career playing at left back, he was soon moved further forward into a left wing position, where he has enjoyed a great deal of success. The highlight of his Worksop career coming in the game against Frickley Athletic, where he rounded off a superb display by scoring the equalising goal in a game Worksop went on to win 2--1.
In August 2014 he joined Merthyr Tydfil and a year later Tamworth. Following being unable to commit, Warlow retired from football in November, 2015. In 2016, Warlow returnes to football with Penybont.
## International career {#international_career}
In early 2007, Warlow was called up to the Welsh Under-21 side, playing 90 minutes in a 4--0 win over Northern Ireland Under-21s. He made his second appearance for the side on 21 August 2007 as a substitute for Joe Allen during a 4--3 win over Sweden Under-21s.
In September 2009, Warlow was called to join the Wales Under-23 Semi Professionals for their friendly against Poland in Carmarthen, Wales.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
As a child, he attended Ysgol Gyfun Rhydfelen, a Welsh language secondary school
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# Château d'Écouen
The **Château d\'Écouen** is an historic château in the commune of Écouen, some 20 km north of Paris, France, and a notable example of French Renaissance architecture. Since 1975, it has housed the collections of the **Musée national de la Renaissance** (National Museum of the Renaissance).
The château was built between 1539 and 1555 for Anne de Montmorency, the *Connétable de France* or Grand Constable, chief minister and commander of the French army for King Francois I, and later for Henri II. It contains important collections of paintings, sculptures, ceramics, stained glass, furniture, textiles and other arts of the French Renaissance.
## History of the château {#history_of_the_château}
Records show that a fortress has existed on this hilltop site since the 12th century. The fortress guarded the Plain of France, the historic invasion route from the north. Anne de Montmorency, a nobleman, senior minister and childhood companion of King Francis I, inherited the fortress in 1515. In 1538, the King named Montmorency Constable of France, commander of the armed forces, and the grand master of the household of the King. Montmorency decided to reconstruct the castle completely in order to make it suitable for receiving the King in grand style.
The château was laid out following the plan of the royal Château of Chambord in the Loire Valley. It was set on a terrace overlooking the countryside below, encircled by a false moat with a fortified wall surrounded with bastions, probably symbolizing the Constable\'s role as commander of the army. The château was in the form of a rectangle around a central courtyard, with square pavilions on the corners. It was composed of two three-story residential wings, connected by a one-story entrance wing. Both of the residential wings had monumental stairways in their centers to provide access to the suites on the upper floors.
The Constable and his wife, Madeleine of Savoy, resided in the south wing, which contained their private chapel and apartments. The north wing was entirely devoted to royal visitors: It contained the suite of the Queen on the first floor and the suite of the King on the floor above. The top floors of the three main wings feature rows of *lucarnes,* or dormer windows.
Records of the construction have been lost, so the name of the building\'s original architect is uncertain, but it is known that the royal architect Jean Bullant, who later designed the Grand Constable\'s tomb, participated in decoration of the château, particularly in the design of the north wing\'s ornate neo-classical peristyles employing the colossal order, that face both the inner courtyard and the exterior north gardens. Bullant\'s addition of classical columns and entablature elements to the north wing is an early example of the merging of classical and medieval forms, which became a distinguishing feature of French Renaissance architecture.
Anne de Montmorency invited some of the most prominent French artists of the Renaissance to participate in the sculpture and decoration. His chapel was decorated with sculptures by Jean Goujon, Jean Bullant, Barthélemy Prieur and Bernard Palissy. Some members of the Androuet du Cerceau family found protection and work at Écouen. Much of the glass from Écouen is now at the Musée Condé, and the east wing was paved in 1549-50. The building was frescoed and furnished during the 1550s, in the style of the School of Fontainebleau. No building accounts survive, so it is not possible to follow the precise sequence of the construction. However, panels of grisaille stained glass in the gallery of the west wing are dated 1542 and 1544, and engravings of Écouen were included in Jacques Androuet du Cerceau\'s *Les Plus excellents bastiments de France*, 1576.
The château remained in the Montmorency family until 1632, when it became the property of the Bourbon-Condé branch of the royal family. In 1787, shortly before the French Revolution, the original east entrance portal, topped by an equestrian statue of Montmorency, was demolished by the new owner, Louis Joseph de Bourbon, prince de Condé. When he emigrated during the Revolution, the château was confiscated by the French state. In 1806, Napoleon Bonaparte granted the château to the Legion d\'Honneur and it became a school for the daughters of the *chevaliers* of the order. Eugène de Beauharnais erected the Fontaine Hortense in the park. However, after the restoration of Louis XVIII of France the estate was returned to Louis Henri, Prince of Condé. He left it to Sophie Dawes, Baronne de Feuchères, on condition that she used it to establish an orphanage for the descendants of soldiers in his army, with his residuary heir, Henri d\'Orléans, Duke of Aumale, to pay for the running costs. She died in 1840. Little use was made of the property until 1850, ten years after the death of Dawes, when Louis Napoléon Bonaparte decided to reestablish the school of the Legion d\'Honneur there, and it continued to serve this purpose until 1962. In 1862, the château was declared a *\[\[Monument historique\]\]*. In 1969, Minister of Culture André Malraux proposed that the château become the home of the collection of Renaissance art of the Cluny Museum, and in 1977 it opened as the French National Museum of the Renaissance.
Chateau-decouen.jpg\|The château viewed from the air Château Écouen 35.jpg\|Facade of the north wing, with the peristyle by Jean Bullant covering the stairway to the royal apartments Portail château d\'écouen.jpg\|Original entry portal, with equestrian statue of Anne de Montmorency, drawn by Jacques Androuet du Cerceau Ecouen Chateau 02.jpg\|Courtyard entrance to the north wing, attributed to Jean Bullant. ChateauEcouenAileSud.jpg\|Courtyard entrance to the south wing, attributed to Jean Bullant, a very early use of the Colossal order of columns in Renaissance architecture, with niches for Michelangelo\'s statues, \"The Slaves\".
## The entrance wing and the courtyard {#the_entrance_wing_and_the_courtyard}
The present neoclassical entrance wing is a late addition, constructed after Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé, decided in 1787 to demolish the original gateway, which was surmounted by a statue of Montmorency, in order to have a better view of the garden. The new neoclassical entrance wing was completed in 1807 by the architect Antoine-François Peyre.
The central courtyard received major additions during the reign of Henry II of France. These included two new peristyles on the interior of the north and south wings, by Jean Bullant, installed to rebalance the facades after the enlargement of the stairway to the royal apartment in the north wing. These new peristyles were early examples of French Renaissance architecture, influenced by the Italian work of Bramante, and decorated with classical orders of columns and niches for statuary. The entrance to the stairway to the King\'s apartments was originally flanked by two statues by Michelangelo, *The Slaves*, which were gifts to Montmorency from Henry II. The originals are now in the Louvre Museum. The entrance to the apartments of the King and Queen is decorated with the crescent emblem of Henry II and the rainbow emblem of Catherine de Medicis.
Bullant is also credited with designing the central peristyle on the exterior of the North Wing, which covers the loggias of the monumental stairway. It has a classical pediment, large windows, orders of columns, and horizontal bands of sculptural decoration.
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## Interior decoration {#interior_decoration}
Much of the original decoration has disappeared, but some striking examples remain in the state rooms on the first floor, particularly the cabinet of the apartments of the King in the north wing and the library of the Constable, located over the chapel. These decorations include painted fireplaces that date to the reign of Henri II, featuring Biblical or historic scenes surrounded by mythical characters and animals, and cascades of fruit and vegetables. Notable examples are the fireplace in the Hall of Arms, illustrating the story of Solomon and Sheba, and the chimney of the *Salle des cuirs des Héroes romaines*, which illustrates *the Tribute to Caesar*. Other walls have frescoes of polychrome designs based on the constable\'s coats of arms. These heraldic designs, in color, highlight the more sober grisaille patterns of the stained glass windows, which are also from the reign of Henri II.
Some of the state rooms have sections of their original tile floors, made of polychrome faience tiles by Masséot Abaquesne. Some rooms, particularly the cabinet in the rooms of the King and the library, over the chapel, also have some of their original carved wood panelling, featuring the emblem of Montmorency intertwined with Moorish and arabesque designs.
### The Constable\'s apartments and Chapel {#the_constables_apartments_and_chapel}
The chapel, on the ground floor of the south wing, was stripped of its furnishings during the French Revolution. The original stained glass windows and wood paneling are now in the Château de Chantilly. The chapel retains the ceiling of arched rib vaults decorated with the painted coats-of-arms of Montmorency and his wife, Madeleine of Savoy. The chapel has a very early copy of the *Last Supper* by Leonardo da Vinci, painted in Milan between 1506 and 1509 by Marco d\'Oggiono, a pupil of da Vinci. It hung in the chapel during the time of Montmorency.
Ceiling chapel Château d\'Écouen n01.jpg\|Ceiling of the Chapel, with the coats-of-arms of Montmorency and Madeleine of Savoy Écouen (95), chapelle, rdc, chapelle 4.jpg\|Chapel altarpiece of gilded carved wood and panel of painted enamel biblical scenes by Léonard Limosin The Last Supper-copy-Marco-Oggiono-.jpg\|Copy of *Last Supper* made by Marco Oggiono, pupil of DaVinci (1506-1509). It hung in the chapel in the time of Montmorency Écouen (95), château, étage, appt du connétable 5.jpg\|Fireplace in the Hall of Arms of the Constable, *Solomon and the Queen of Sheba* (about 1550) Tribute to Caesar Fireplace, Chateau d\'Ecouen.jpg\|Tribute to Caesar fireplace, Salles des cuirs des Heros romains, (about 1550)
### Apartments of the King and Queen {#apartments_of_the_king_and_queen}
Traces of the original decoration are found in the apartments of the King and Queen. The King\'s bedchamber still has some of the original painted monograms of Henry II, a crescent moon, on the ceiling. The painted fireplace in his bedchamber shows a biblical scene, beneath his coat of arms held by two cherubs. His bedchamber also has two tapestries from the series called *David and Bathsheba*.
Écouen (95), château, étage, chambre du Roi, cheminée.jpg\|Fireplace in the bedchamber of the King, with a Biblical scene and the coat of arms of Henry II of France Pavement tiles Masseot Abaquesne MNR SN.jpg\|Polychrome ceramic floor tiles by Masséot Abaquesne in the royal apartments Écouen (95), château, étage, chambre du Roi, frise.jpg\|Painted frieze in the bedroom of the King Écouen (95), château, étage, grande salle du Roi 2.jpg\|Fireplace in the Great Hall of the King
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# Château d'Écouen
## Collections of the Museum of the Renaissance {#collections_of_the_museum_of_the_renaissance}
The museum collections have a history of their own, separate from the château. The first collections were originally acquired by the French state in 1843 from Alexandre Du Sommerard (1779--1842), Counselor and Master of the Cour-des Comptes, who assembled a very large collection of objects from Antiquity until the French Renaissance. After his death, these became the heart of the collection of the new Cluny Museum in Paris. Under the supervision of the museum\'s new curator, Edmond Du Sommerard, Alexandre\'s son, many other objects were donated or purchased, until the collection was much too large to display adequately.
The Cluny Museum re-opened after the German occupation in World War II, and a long debate began on where to put the Renaissance Art. This was not settled until 1969, when the culture minister, André Malraux, proposed opening a new museum in the Château d\'Écouen. The château, which had been stripped of almost all art, was renovated by architects of the *\[\[Monument historique\]\]s*.
The new collection was chosen from among the objects of the Cluny collection based on chronology and style. The Ecouen museum received Italian Renaissance works created after 1400 and other works after 1500. The new museum also received two important works from the Louvre Museum, *The Last Supper* by Marco d\'Oggiono and the Retable of the Passion by Pierre Raymond. The first galleries of the new museum opened in October 1977. A number of rooms have been furnished with objects suitable for the use of different historical figures from the history of the château. A series of small, focussed exhibitions have been staged at Écouen over the years since the museum opened completely in 1982.
### Stained glass {#stained_glass}
Most of the original stained glass of the château was removed in the 18th and 19th centuries (some is now in the Château de Chantilly), but the museum displays some remarkable glass from other sites. Many of the windows have emblems of the king or constable or other personalities in colored glass, in the middle of windows which are largely clear or in muted colors. Other windows use a full range of rich colors.
Among the notable works in the collection is a portrait of King Francis I of France in prayer, by Nicolas Beaurain, made in about 1551-1556. It was commissioned by Henry II of France in 1549 to decorate Sainte-Chapelle de Vincennes for the ceremonies of the Order of Saint-Michel, an order he founded. Most of the stained glass windows in the chapel were destroyed during the French Revolution, but this portion survived. It is notable especially for fine detail and shading of the colors, especially in the figure and costume of the king.
Another significant work in the collection is a stained-glass depiction of a scene from the life of Saint Paul, showing Saint Paul being chased from the Temple in Jerusalem. It is one of two scenes by Louis Pinaigrier and Nicolas Charnus (first third of the 17th century). It was formerly in Paris, in the Church of Saint-Paul, which was destroyed in 1797, not long after the French Revolution.
Ecouen Musée national de la Renaissance7198.JPG\|Window with emblem of Montmorency in center Ecouen Musée national de la Renaissance7175.JPG\|Coat of arms with angels, originally in the windows of the Saint-Chapelle chapel in Vincennes Ecouen Musée national de la Renaissance7177.JPG\|Posthumous portrait of Francis I of France in prayer by Nicolas Beaurain (1551-1556) Stained glass-Saint-Paul-Ecouen.jpg\|*Arrest of Saint Paul in Jerusalem*, by Louis Pinaigrier and Nicolas Charnus, (last third of 17th century)
### Tapestries
The collection of tapestries includes ten tapestries from the series *David and Bathsheba*, made in Brussels in 1520-1525 after designs by Jan Van Roome. Together, they measure seventy-five meters in length. They depict the Biblical story, but the costumes and settings are of the 16th century, and the tapestries give a detailed view of court life at the time. The identity of the original patron is not known, but Henry VIII of England purchased them in 1528.
Other notable tapestries include *Fructus Belli* (*Fruits of War*), from the workshop of Jehan Baudouin in Brussels, after a design by Giulio Romano. It was commissioned in 1544 by Ferrante Gonzaga, the Duke of Guastalla and chief of the armies of the Emperor Charles V of Austria, and depicts soldiers being paid. It shows the growing influence of Italian art on Flemish tapestries.
Italian tapestries are also represented, including \"The life of a man\" by Benedetto Squilli of Florence, after a painting by Jan Van der Straet. It was originally made for the Medici family for the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, as part of cycle conceived by Georgio Vasari.
Bathsheba at the Fountain from David and Bathsheba MNRenaissance E.Cl.1614 n01.jpg\|*Bathsheba at the Fountain* from the series David and Bathsheba (1520-1525) Fructus Belli MNR Ec.101a n02.jpg\|Detail of the *Fructus Belli* (Fruits of War) tapestry, in the Great Hall of the King (1544) Écouen (95), château, étage, chambre de Madeleine de Savoie 1.jpg\|Scene from *The Life of a Man*, workshop of Benedetto Squilli, Florence (about 1564)
### Paintings
The collection of paintings includes work by Toussaint Dubreuil (c. 1561---22 November 1602) a French Mannerist painter associated (from 1594) with the second School of Fontainebleau (together with the artists Martin Fréminet and Ambroise Dubois) and Italianism, a transitional art style. Many of Dubreuil\'s subjects include mythological scenes and scenes from works of fiction by such writers as the Italian Torquato Tasso, the ancient Greek novelist Heliodorus of Emesa and the French poet Pierre de Ronsard.
One of the most notable paintings is the *Voyage of Ulysses* by the Italian Guidoccio Cozzarelli of Siena, from about 1480. Painted on a wood panel, it was originally attached to a large chest, and was intended to be placed in the bedroom of newlyweds, to remind the bride about the virtue of faithfulness. The painting, based on the *Odyssey* of Homer, depicts Ulysses\' wife, Penelope, faithfully waiting for her husband\'s return from his twenty years of voyaging.
Guidoccio Cozzarelli - le voyage d\'Ulysse.jpg\|The *Voyage of Ulysses*, by Guidoccio Cozzarelli (about 1480) 16th-century painters - August from an Book of Hours - WGA15913.jpg\|\'August\' - miniature from a Book of Hours (about 1520) La montée du calvaire - dubreuil - ecouen.jpg\|\'The Ascent of Calvary by Toussaint Dubreuil (end of 16th century) Noël Bellemare et atelier - Le Calvaire avec François Poncher en prière.jpg\|*The Crucifixion* by Noël Bellemare and workshop (about 1519-26). It depicts the Bishop of Paris, François Poncher, in prayer.
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# Château d'Écouen
## Collections of the Museum of the Renaissance {#collections_of_the_museum_of_the_renaissance}
### Furniture and paneling {#furniture_and_paneling}
The museum displays an important collection of carved wood furniture and panels, which illustrate the art of the French wood carving and decoration, as well as the influence of Italian artists working in France, particularly Rosso Fiorentino, responsible for much of the interior decoration of the Palace of Fontainebleau.
The works in the collection show the transition of furniture from the medieval period to the Renaissance, through with the addition of an abundance of carved ornaments in classical forms, such as medallions, grotesques and architectural orders, making pieces of furniture such as chests, dressers, tables and chairs into works of sculpture. Engravings of Italian paintings and sculpture often served as models. The collection also includes numerous panels which were preserved from works that were dismantled. The collection presents especially works from the regions of Ile-de-France, Lorraine, Champagne and Burgundy, which were heavily forested and had the workshops of numerous skilled artisans making both religious and civil furniture.
Écouen (95), château, étage, appt du connétable 8.jpg\|A *dressoir* from the Château of Joinville (1524), designed to hold formal table settings, with a combination of gothic and Renaissance ornament Écouen (95), château, rdc, chambre de Catherine de Medicis 6.jpg\|Carved chest in the bedroom of the Queen, with architectural decoration Écouen (95), château, étage, appt du connétable 2.jpg\|*Dressoir* in the apartment of the Grand Constable Ecouen Musée national de la Renaissance219.JPG\|Carved paneling Écouen (95), château, étage, appt du connétable 3.jpg\|Carved chair, apartment of the Grand Constable Écouen (95), château, rdc, cusines, 2e pièce, clôture de chœur de Gaillon 2.jpg\|Carved screen from the choir of the chapel of the Château de Gaillon in Normandy
### Ceramics
The museum has a notable collection of 16th-century French ceramics, mostly designed as luxury dishware, in place of gold or silver. Ceramic tile was also used extensively on floors and walls of châteaux like Écouen. At Écouen, some of the original floors are still in place, including a section in the royal bed chamber and in the salon of the king. These pavements were commissioned from an artist of Rouen, Masséot Abaquesne, in about 1549--1551.
A section of ceramic floor from the Château of Polisy, dated 1545 and demolished after the Revolution, is on display. It was commissioned by the bishop of Auxerre, François de Dinteville, for one of his residences. The design was inspired by the Italian artist, Sebastiano Serlio, and is based on the coat of arms of the family, with illustrations of the family motto, \"Fortune and Virtue\".
The collection also includes a number of works from the atelier of Bernard Palissy at the site of the Tuileries Palace in Paris. Palissy was famous for his long and unsuccessful effort to imitate Chinese porcelain. His primary success was his series of rustic plates, often depicting fish and sea life.
Écouen (95), château, 2e étage, salle de céramique française, carreaux de pavement du château 2.jpg\|Section of original pavement at Écouen (1549--1551) Deluge masseot abaquesne faience ecouen.jpg\|Faience mural of Noah and the Deluge, by Masseot Abaquesne Écouen (95), château, 2e étage, salle de céramique française, aiguière, atelier dit de Saint-Porchaire, avant 1558.jpg\|An *aiguière* with a satyr handle and reptile spout, by the workshop of Saint-Porchaire (1545-1558) Écouen (95), château, 2e étage, salle de céramique française, plat rustique, Bernard Palissy, vers 1565.jpg\|Rustic plate by Bernard Palissy (about 1565)
### Enamels
The craft of painted enamel is particularly well represented in the museum. The major center of this production was Limoges, where enamel had been produced since the 12th century. A new variation was introduced at the end of the 15th century, and it became particularly popular among royal and noble collectors. It involved copper plates, with a layer of flat enamel on one side and a polychrome painting made with layers of colored enamel on the other side. The most important artists in this style and period included Léonard Limosin, whose family produced seven enamel painters. He created series of enamels for Francis I and Henry II. His work included portraits of mythological and religious figures, as well as portraits of the major figures of the Court. He also created the enamels of religious scenes on the altar table in the chapel.
Another important French enamel painter from Limoges was Pierre Courteys, who made a series of portraits of mythological figures of unusually large size. The example of *Mercury* in the museum collection is signed and dated 1559. Its inspiration appears to be a similar series created for the Palace of Fontainebleau by Rosso Fiorentino. Another important artist with work in the collection is Suzanne de Court, also from a family of enamel painters in Limoges. She was one of the few women artists who were permitted by guild rules to sign their work with their full names.
Écouen (95), château, 2e étage, salle Arts du feu, Psyché et l\'Amour à table, émail sur cuivre, Léonard Limosin, 1543.jpg\|Psyche and Amour at the table, Enamel by Léonard Limosin (1543) Antoinette de Bourbon Limousin.jpg\|Enamel portrait of Antoinette de Bourbon, Duchess of Guise, by Léonard Limosin. Écouen (95), château, étage, cabinet du Roi, émaux de Pierre Courteys (1559), Mercurius.jpg\|Painted enamel plaque by Pierre Courteys (1559) Écouen (95), château, étage, cabinet du Roi, émaux de Pierre Courteys (1559), Jupiter.jpg\|Jupiter, by Pierre Courteys (1559)
### Jewelry, goldsmithing and silversmithing {#jewelry_goldsmithing_and_silversmithing}
The museum displays works of some of the most celebrated goldsmiths and silversmiths of the Renaissance. One notable example is the statuette of Daphne by Wenzel Jamnitzer, a German craftsman from Nuremberg, goldsmith to the Holy Roman Emperors. It was made between 1569 and 1576. It portrays the Greek myth of Apollo and Daphne, from the *Metamorphoses* of Ovid, which was a popular subject in the Renaissance. The nymph Daphne is transformed into a laurel tree by her father, to protect her from the pursuing Apollo. The statuette is made of gilded silver, with branches made of red coral with touches of silver paint.
Écouen (95), château, 2e étage, cabinet d\'orfèvrerie, nautile monté en coupe, argent doré, Allemagne, début XVIIe s.jpg\|A nautilus figure mounted on a cup, made of gilded silver (Germany, beginning of 17th century) Écouen (95), château, 2e étage, cabinet d\'orfèvrerie, statuette de Daphné, Wenzel Jamnitzer, Nuremberg, vers 1570.jpg\|Statuette of Daphné by Wenzel Jamnitzer (1569--76). Gilded silver and coral. Écouen (95), château, 2e étage, cabinet d\'orfèvrerie, coupe sur pied, argent doré et ivoire, Daniel Zech, Augsbourg.jpg\|Cup of gilded silver and ivory, by Daniel Zech of Augsburg Écouen (95), château, 2e étage, cabinet d\'orfèvrerie, bouteille à chaînes, argent doré et verre blanc, Nuremberg ou Europe du nord.jpg\|Bottle with gilded chain and decoration, from Nuremberg or Northern Europe
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# Château d'Écouen
## Collections of the Museum of the Renaissance {#collections_of_the_museum_of_the_renaissance}
### Arms and armor {#arms_and_armor}
The Museum has an exceptional collection of arms and armor, including the gilded ceremonial spurs of Francis I of France, decorated with his emblem, the salamander. These spurs, made in 1515-1525, were made in the first decade of his reign, and were displayed at his funeral in 1547. Another piece in the collection is a *dosseret* with a high collar, decorated with images of the Minevra and Mars, the deities of war. It was designed to protect the back of the neck, and could be worn either with a suit of armor or as a collar with formal court dress. The collection in the Hall of Arms includes a ceremonial *rondache* or buckler, a round ceremonial shield, of iron decorated with silver and gold, made in Italy for Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, showing the enemy soldiers he had conquered submitting to him.
Spurs of Francois I Chateau d\'Ecouen.jpg\|Ceremonial spurs of Francis I of France (1515-1525) Écouen (95), château, rdc, salle des armes et armures 5.jpg\|Armored gloves Shield of Charles V 1555 NMR.jpg\|*Rondache* or buckler of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Italy, 1555 Backplate gorget MNRenaissance E.Cl.2751.jpg\|A *dosseret* or back plate for protecting the back of the neck, with figures of Mars and Minerva (end of 16th century)
### Scientific instruments, clocks and mechanical devices {#scientific_instruments_clocks_and_mechanical_devices}
The museum houses one of the most important European collections of Renaissance scientific instruments, including examples of the astrolabe, clocks, globes, the solar cadran and automatons. One of the most famous items is the mechanical model ship, called the *Nef of Charles V*, made in about 1590 and attributed to Hans Schlottheim, which originally was in the cabinet of curiosities of the Elector of Saxe in Dresden. It contains a clock which activates seven different mechanisms, sounds the quarter hour, and sets the mechanical figures in motion: Tiny trumpeters and drummers play, the electors of the Holy Roman Empire promenade in a circle around the Emperor on his throne on the stern of the ship, and the tiny cannons fire. The display includes a video that shows all of mechanisms functioning.
Other objects in the collection include an astrolabic clock attributed to Jean Naze, a clock maker from Lyon. It indicates the time, the course of the sun, the phases of the moon and the positions of the stars. Other objects include a cone-shaped cup that functions as a sundial and an enigmatic mechanical device with rows of small turning wheels, placed inside what appeared to be a book. It bears the emblems and symbols of Henry II of France, and is thought to have been an early coding device. It was made about 1547-1559.
Écouen (95), château, 2e étage, bibliothèque du connétable, sphère céleste, anonyme, 1502.jpg\|Celestial sphere showing constellations (1502) Écouen (95), château, rdc, salle n° 10, nef dite de Charles Quint 2.jpg\|Mechanical model ship made for Charles V (about 1590)
### Rooms
Écouen (95), château, étage, grande salle du Roi 1.jpg\|Grand hall of the King Écouen (95), château, étage, appt du connétable 9.jpg\|The *Appartement du connétable*, Anne de Montmorency Écouen (95), château, étage, chambre de Madeleine de Savoie 4
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# Bill Mathews
**William Henry Mathews** (1919--2003) was a Canadian geologist, volcanologist, engineer, and professor. He is considered a pioneer in the study of subglacial eruptions and volcano-ice interactions in North America. Many of his publications continue to be regarded as classics in their field.
## Biography
Bill Mathews was born in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1919. His mother and a brother died when he was two; his father, Vancouver pioneer Thomas Mathews, died when he was 13.
Mathews attended King George Secondary School before entering the University of British Columbia in 1935, earning a Bachelor of Applied Science in geological engineering in 1940, followed by a Master of Applied Science with a major in petrology and a minor in physics in 1941. During college, he served as a student assistant for the Geological Survey of Canada from 1938 to 1941, and was also an instructor in the mountain infantry school of the Alpine Club of Canada, training personnel for the Canadian armed forces. After graduation, he worked as a mining engineer for the British Columbia Department of Mines from 1942 to 1946.
He then moved to the University of California, Berkeley, completing his Ph.D. in June 1948 with a dissertation titled *Geology of the Mount Garibaldi map-area, southwestern British Columbia*. While at Berkeley he met and married his wife, Laura Lu Mathews, served on the Berkeley faculty as an assistant professor from 1948 to 1951, and then returned to Canada to accept an associate professorship in the Department of Geography and Geology at the University of British Columbia. He was promoted to full professor in 1959, served as department chairman from 1964 to 1971, and continued teaching until his retirement to professor emeritus status in 1984.
Mathews received the Willet G. Miller Medal for \"outstanding research in any branch of the earth sciences\" from the Royal Society of Canada in 1989. After his retirement from teaching duties, he maintained an active research program and began writing a book on the geology of southern British Columbia, working part-time on the project until his death in 2003. The book was published posthumously in 2005 as *Roadside Geology of Southern British Columbia*.
## Scientific research {#scientific_research}
Mathews scientific work embraced a broad spectrum of topics, including volcanoes, glaciers, regional geomorphology, landslides, hydrogeology, stratigraphy, coal geology, and mineral deposits. But his most influential work was in the fields of subglacial eruptions and volcano-ice interactions. He discovered several ideal field laboratories for this research in his home province of British Columbia, including the numerous volcanoes in Garibaldi Provincial Park just north of Vancouver and the remote Tuya Volcanic Field in far northern British Columbia. While still in graduate school at Berkeley in 1947, he published a paper, \"Tuyas, Flat-Topped Volcanoes in Northern British Columbia\", in which he coined the term \"tuya\" to refer to the distinctive, flat-topped, steep-sided volcanoes formed when lava erupts through a thick glacier or ice sheet. He took the name from Tuya Butte, a near-ideal specimen of the type, and this name has since become standard worldwide among volcanologists in referring to and writing about these volcanic formations. Late in his career, other scientists named a previously unnamed tuya in the Tuya Volcanic Field in honor of him as Mathews Tuya.
Mathews published his first article, titled \"Geology of the Garibaldi Lake area\", in the *Canadian Alpine Journal* in 1938 when he was only 19 years old. He would go on to author more than 100 published scientific papers and reports over the next six decades. A large portion of this body of work is devoted to the numerous fascinating volcanic, glacial, and limnological features of Garibaldi Provincial Park, which he examines, analyzes, and interprets in meticulous detail and with far-reaching insight.
## Honors and memberships {#honors_and_memberships}
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+---+--------------------------------------+---+-------------------------------------------------+
| - Willet G
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# Jun Maeda
is a Japanese writer and composer. He is a co-founder of the visual novel brand Key under Visual Arts. He is considered a pioneer of nakige visual novels, and has mainly contributed as a scenario writer, lyricist, and musical composer for the games the company produces.
After graduating with a degree in psychology from Chukyo University, Maeda contributed to the scripts and scores of games released under the Tactics brand of Nexton: *Moon* and *One: Kagayaku Kisetsu e*. He has contributed both to writing music and scripts to most games released under the Key brand, notably writing the majority of *Air* and *Clannad*. He also served as a screenwriter and composer for several anime series produced by P.A. Works, such as *Angel Beats!* and *Charlotte*.
## Early life {#early_life}
Jun Maeda started writing at a young age; while attending elementary school, Maeda wrote his first amateur gamebook. Maeda was initially inspired by the *Grailquest* series of gamebooks by J.H. Brennan, especially the first two books in the series *The Castle of Darkness* and *The Den of Dragons*. Through junior-high school, Maeda worked on the school newspaper and even had some short stories published in the paper. Once attending Mie high school, he started to write lyrics and compose music. It was at this time that he became immersed in the fantasy genre of fiction. While attending Chukyo University, Maeda managed to get some short stories published in Kadokawa Shoten\'s light novel magazine *The Sneaker*. Finally, when he was writing his graduation thesis, he started listening to techno music.
## Career
While still attending university, Maeda sought to begin working as a musical composer for video games, and desired to work at big-name companies like Nihon Falcom Corporation, Namco, and Capcom, but he was unsuccessful. He eventually was able to be granted an interview with the video game developer TGL, but was unable to supply correct documentation, and did not get the job. As he was unable to get a job working with music, Maeda decided to change his occupational choice to that of a scenario writer for a video game company. At the time in the mid-1990s, scenario writers for consumer video games were inexperienced, so Maeda decided to shoot for adult games instead. During a period of one month, Maeda wrote a long, 300-page erotic story, intending to sell it to an adult game developer. He first tried with AliceSoft, makers of the popular *Rance* series, but finally ended up working for the company Scoop. At Scoop in 1997, he contributed as the main scenario writer for the company\'s first game, *Chaos Queen Ryōko*; however, Maeda was not happy with the work environment and promptly filed his resignation with the company shortly after finishing his work on the scenario.
Around this time, Jun Maeda was inspired by Hiroyuki Kanno\'s pioneering 1996 eroge visual novel *YU-NO: A Girl Who Chants Love at the Bound of this World*. It demonstrated the storytelling potential of the visual novel medium, and influenced Maeda\'s later works. After leaving Scoop in 1997, Maeda went to work for the newly formed brand Tactics under the publisher Nexton. There, he went to work on the scenario and musical composition of Tactics\' second game *Moon*, followed by his work on the scenario for their third game *One: Kagayaku Kisetsu e* in 1998. After realizing the positive reception received for both titles, Maeda and much of the staff who made both *Moon* and *One*, including Itaru Hinoue, Shinji Orito, Naoki Hisaya, and OdiakeS, left Tactics to work under the video game publishing company VisualArt\'s where they formed the company Key.
After forming Key, Maeda worked on the music and scenario for their first title *Kanon* released in 1999, which proved to be very popular in the adult game market in Japan. Beside Maeda, the majority of *Kanon*{{\'s}} scenario was written by Naoki Hisaya, but he quit Key shortly after *Kanon* was produced. Following this, Maeda wrote most of the scenario for Key\'s next title *Air*, along with again working as the lyricist and one of the composers for the music featured in the game. After a period of four years in 2004, Key released their third and longest game *Clannad* where Maeda did a vast amount of the writing for the game; in all, Maeda put in around 75% of the work that went into the creation of *Clannad*. Also in 2004, Maeda began writing his first manga entitled *Hibiki\'s Magic*, which was first conceived as a short story he wrote as a student. In 2005, Maeda worked on the scenario and music for Key\'s fifth game *Tomoyo After: It\'s a Wonderful Life*, followed by Key\'s sixth title *Little Busters!* released in July 2007 which he also worked on in regards to the scenario and music.
Maeda was reported to say in the February 2007 issue of *Comptiq* that after the completion of *Little Busters!*, he would not be working on the scenario staff for Key any longer. However, in an interview in the December 2007 issue of *Dengeki G\'s Magazine*, Maeda said that he would still be working on the music for Key\'s next game. In 2007, Maeda also composed the ending theme for the game *Himawari no Chapel de Kimi to* for the company Marron, and he was on the music staff for Ram\'s game *5* released in July 2008. Maeda worked in collaboration with Na-Ga and ASCII Media Works\' *Dengeki G\'s Magazine* to the anime series and mixed media project *Angel Beats!* as the planner and writer, as well as composing the anime\'s music. Maeda worked on Key\'s ninth game *Rewrite* with the composition of the game\'s music and as the quality checker.
In 2015, Maeda designed and co-wrote the scenario for the *Angel Beats!* visual novel, as well as composing some of the game\'s music. Maeda once again collaborated with Na-Ga, *Dengeki G\'s Magazine*, P.A. Works, and Aniplex to produce his second anime series *Charlotte* in 2015, contributing as the planner, writer, and composing the anime\'s music. In 2016, Maeda revealed that he was suffering from dilated cardiomyopathy, and that to recover from this condition, he would need a heart transplant. Maeda is credited for the original concept and the composition of the music for Key\'s visual novel *Summer Pockets*. Maeda collaborated with Na-Ga, P.A. Works, and Aniplex for a third time to produce the anime series *The Day I Became a God* in 2020, contributing as the planner and writer. In 2021, Maeda published his first novel, *Nekogarizoku no Osa*. In December of that year, Maeda posted a message on Twitter saying that he had considered hanging himself following poor reception and online harassment surrounding his *The Day I Became a God* series, and stated the following day that he would retire from writing stories for anime projects. He had previously deactivated all of his social media accounts earlier in the year for a similar reason. His most recent work, *Heaven Burns Red*, was released in Japan in February 2022 for iOS and Android. It is a turn-based role-playing game with visual novel and gacha game elements created in tandem with Wright Flyer Studios. Maeda deactivated his social media accounts for a second time following criticism of his writing quality on an event story within *Heaven Burns Red*.
## Writing themes {#writing_themes}
As is prevalent in the scenarios Maeda has written for visual novels, there are recurring themes related to the concept of a family and the bonds that hold it together. Most prevalent are the maternal bonds felt between a mother and daughter relationship, as can be seen strongly in *Kanon*, *Air*, and *Clannad*. However, in one of his earliest works, *Moon*, there was a conflict between the female protagonist and her late mother. Another recurring theme is that of magical realism, or adding fantastical elements into a story that would appear otherwise to be normal, such as with the concept of the illusionary world in *Clannad*, or the use of magic in *Air* and supernatural elements in *Charlotte*. Similarly, the concept of the switching between a real-life setting and the mystical Eternal World from *One: Kagayaku Kisetsu e* has been compared to Haruki Murakami\'s novel *Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World*, which uses a similar dichotomy between reality and fantasy.
After the production of *Moon* with its melancholic storylines, Maeda decided to shoot for what has later become known as a \"crying game\", starting with *One: Kagayaku Kisetsu e*. A crying game in this sense is a type of bishōjo game which can make the player cry for the characters, and thus give a more profound impact on the players. When working on *Kanon* with a similar goal, Maeda worked in depressing elements to the two heroines\' stories he wrote for: Makoto Sawatari, and Mai Kawasumi.
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# Jun Maeda
## Musical involvement {#musical_involvement}
Jun Maeda composes and writes lyrics for songs and background music featured in games he works on. At Nexton, he composed a single piece of music for *Moon*, but did not contribute to the music in *One: Kagayaku Kisetsu e*. At Key, Maeda has worked on the music for all of Key\'s titles except for *Planetarian: The Reverie of a Little Planet* and *Rewrite Harvest festa!*. He also composed and wrote the lyrics to the ending theme song for the *Clannad* anime series, and similarly for the opening theme song for the *Clannad After Story* anime series. Music that Maeda composes for Key titles is published on Key\'s record label Key Sounds Label. On the label, Maeda produced three singles and one album where he wrote and composed all the songs which include: \"Natsukage / Nostalgia\", \"Birthday Song,Requiem\", \"Spica/Hanabi/Moon\", and *Love Song*; the songs on the first three were sung by Lia and the fourth was sung by Riya.
Maeda wrote and composed the two songs \"Doll\", performed separately by Lia and Aoi Tada, and \"Human\", performed by Lia; both versions of \"Doll\" were used as the main ending theme songs for the second season of the anime series *Gunslinger Girl* in 2008, while \"Human\" was used for the final episode. Maeda\'s first involvement as a main composer was with the 2008 visual novel *5* by Ram where he composed about twenty background music tracks. Maeda also wrote and composed the opening and ending themes used in *5*. Maeda formed his own record label named Flaming June in 2011, and the first release on the label is the single \"Killer Song\" by Nagi Yanagi released in December 2011. Flaming June released an original concept album with Yanagi on April 25, 2012 titled *Owari no Hoshi no Love Song*. Maeda released the concept album *Long Long Love Song* featuring Anri Kumaki on July 26, 2017. In 2021, Maeda wrote and composed one song for *The Idolmaster Cinderella Girls: Starlight Stage* titled \"Beat of the Night\", performed by Kaoru Sakura. Maeda wrote and composed the opening theme song for the 2022 anime series *Prima Doll*, titled \"Tin Toy Melody\"
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# Asif Dar
**Asif Kamran Dar** (born April 16, 1966) is a former boxer from Pakistan, competing in the lightweight (-- 60 kg) division. He was born in Quetta.
A resident of Toronto, Ontario he represented Pakistan at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, where he was eliminated in the second round. Afterwards he competed for Canada, representing that country at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea where he was also eliminated in the second round. He won the gold medal in the same weight division, two years earlier, at the 1986 Commonwealth Games, beating Welshman Neil Haddock in the final. He also represented Canada at the 1987 Pan American Games
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# Buchli drive
The **Buchli drive** is a transmission system used in electric locomotives. It was named after its inventor, Swiss engineer Jakob Buchli. The drive is a fully spring-loaded drive, in which each floating axle has an individual motor, that is placed in the spring mounted locomotive frame. The weight of the driving motors is completely disconnected from the driving wheels, which are exposed to movement of the rails.
First used in electric locomotives from the 1920s, the Buchli drive made possible the construction of faster and more powerful locomotives that required larger and heavier traction motors. The system minimises the impact on rail tracks due to the reduction in the overall unsprung weight. Although the drive was very successful though the 1930s, it is little used in modern locomotives, having been replaced with smaller, simpler drives that exhibit less imbalance and allow higher speeds.
## Construction
thumb=Animation of Buchli drive (small version).gif\|How Buchli drive works
In a Buchli drive a driven gear wheel is securely fixed to the locomotive frame. Inside this gear wheel are two levers, coupled to gear segments that mesh with one another. The other end of the levers is coupled via universal joints to tension bars, which are then coupled via more universal joints to the driving rail wheel.
Vertical movement of the driving wheel results in the gear segments moving due to the internal mechanism, and the driving wheel can move in a horizontal or vertical direction with respect to the gear wheel, while still transferring the momentum of the gear wheel.
A disadvantage of the drive was the large number of moving parts, which demanded frequent lubrication and careful maintenance. As a result the Buchli drive system was mainly used on express train locomotives, as there were no other drive systems that gave the same performance at high speeds. However, at higher speeds the drive components became unbalanced, causing issues at speeds over 140 km per hour.
## Standard design {#standard_design}
The Buchli drive was exported to other rail companies as one sided separate traction motor drive, usually with an inside frame.
The motor framework with the wheelset bearing is located between the wheel disks of the driving wheels. The gear wheel, which is housed in an auxiliary frame outside the driving wheels and is surrounded by a protective casing, is on one side of the driving wheels. Each gear wheel is driven by an individual traction motor, which is located above the gear wheel in the locomotive body.
With this implementation, a strongly one-sided weight distribution occurs in the underframe through the remote gear wheels. In order to maintain stability of the locomotive on the longitudinal axis, heavy equipment inside the locomotive body must be arranged on the opposite side of the drive equipment.
Locomotives with a Buchli drive also typically have an asymmetrical appearance: on one side, the bearings of the drive wheels are visible, on the other side, they are almost completely covered by the wheel cover box of the gear wheels.
## Other designs {#other_designs}
In addition to the standard implementation, there were also the following variations:
### Outside frame {#outside_frame}
The engine framework with the driving wheel housing is outside the wheel disks of the driving wheels. The driving wheel is enclosed by a quill camped in the locomotive cabinet, on which the gear wheel sits. Examples included the Pennsylvania Railroad O1b, and the Deutsche Reichsbahn ET11.01.
### Group drive {#group_drive}
The motor is arranged between the floating axles. A common pinion or a pinion on both motor end drives the gear wheels of the neighbouring axes. `{{US patent|1683674}}`{=mediawiki} described this design, but vehicles implementing it are not known.
### Bilateral drive {#bilateral_drive}
The driving wheel is coupled with two gear wheels, and the motor has a pinion on both sides. The taps in the wheel disk are warped about 90 degrees against each other so that the drive imbalance can be reduced. This version of the driver was used for greater driving power.
However with this arrangement, there is the danger of mechanical stress in the drive components. Examples included the French express train locomotives: SNCF 2D2 5400, SNCF 2D2 5500, SNCF 2D2 9100.
### Two motors per axis {#two_motors_per_axis}
Two driving motors work on one common gear wheel, which is interconnected with a driving wheel. Examples include the Pennsylvania Railroad O1b.
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# Buchli drive
## Locomotive with Buchli drive {#locomotive_with_buchli_drive}
Nearly 240 locomotives of the SBB with Buchli drive were in use for over sixty years. The SBB Ae 3/6^I^ class locomotives were in operation from 1921 to 1994. French tracks had 100 express train locomotives using the Buchli drive, in service for fifty years.
- SBB-CFF-FFS, Switzerland
- SBB Be 2/5 (Prototype locomotive) (Deutsch)
- SBB Ae 4/8 (Prototype locomotive) (Deutsch)
- SBB Ae 3/6^I^
- SBB Ae 4/7
- SBB Ae 8/14 (11801)(Deutsch)
- Deutsche Reichsbahn, Germany
- E 16 (116) (Deutsch)
- ET 11.01 double railcars Bo\'2\'+2\'Bo\'. Constructed in 1938, implementation without frame. The vehicle was rebuilt in the 1960s and the Buchli drive system was removed
- SNCF
- SNCF Class 2D2 5400 (mutual drive) (Français)
- SNCF Class 2D2 5500 (mutual drive) (Français)
- SNCF Class 2D2 9100 (mutual drive) (Français)
- Indonesian national railway
- 3000 - four 1\'Do1\' locomotives for the 1.5 kV electrification system, manufactured by SLM and BBC in 1924 and 1926, scrapped 1976 or thereabouts. This locomotive was the first type to get the Java bogie. [image](https://web.archive.org/web/20070221212502/http://www.irps.or.id/images/elok5.jpg)
- Japanese Government Railways
- 7000 - two (1A)Bo(A1), constructed in 1926, later renumbered as the ED54 class (ja)
- Indian Railways
- EA/1 and EA/2 (later on WCP-1 and WCP-2) - 2`{{prime}}`{=mediawiki}BoA2`{{prime}}`{=mediawiki}- 22+1 units built in 1928-30 by SLM, Vulcan Foundry and MetroVick.
- EB/1 and EC/1 (later on WCP-3 and WCP-4) - `{{not a typo|2{{prime}}Co2{{prime}}}}`{=mediawiki} - 1+1 units built in 1928 and 1938. [1](http://irfca.org/faq/faq-specs.html#WCP-1)
- RENFE
- RENFE series 272, ordered by predecessor company NORTE, 12 constructed in 1928 as the Stk `{{not a typo|2{{prime}}Co{{prime}}Co{{prime}}2{{prime}}}}`{=mediawiki} for a 1.5 kV supply voltage.
- Paulista-Railway, Brazil
- 320, 1`{{prime}}`{=mediawiki}Do1`{{prime}}`{=mediawiki}, constructed in 1932.
- Czechoslovak State Railways
- E 465.0 - 2 Stk 1`{{prime}}`{=mediawiki}Do1`{{prime}}`{=mediawiki} locomotive for 1.5 kV supply voltage. Built in 1927 and scrapped in 1962
- Pennsylvania Railroad, United States
- Pennsylvania Railroad O1b - 2 Stk 2`{{prime}}`{=mediawiki}Bo2`{{prime}}`{=mediawiki} locomotives. Built with inside frame and two driving motors per axle.
- Circumvesuviana, Italy
- 1`{{prime}}`{=mediawiki}Do1`{{prime}}`{=mediawiki} locomotive. 5 units 0301 built in 1931 and 0302-0305 built in 1934. All built by Tecnomasio Italiano Brown Boveri
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# A Balladeer
**A Balladeer** (styled as **a balladeer**) is a Dutch band, originating from Amsterdam, founded by singer-songwriter Marinus de Goederen.
In 2002, the band won the 3FM BuZz Award and another award the following year at the final of the annual Dutch musical contest De Grote Prijs van Nederland (The Grand Prize of the Netherlands). In 2004, A Balladeer opened up for international acts Saybia and Keane and released their first EP: *Rumor Had It*. The EP featured 4 songs, including the critically acclaimed \"They\'ve Shut Down Marks & Spencer\", which resulted in considerable airplay in the Netherlands.
On 5 May 2006, A Balladeer\'s debut album titled *Panama* was released by EMI Music. The single \"Swim with Sam\" was the first single. It became a hit in the Netherlands. The album was recorded in Brussels in 2005 with Bløf producer Ronald Vanhuffel. Robert Kirby (known for his work with Nick Drake) arranged the strings for three songs. In early 2007, the band won a Zilveren Harp (Silver Harp), a supporting prize for promising musical artists. In February 2007, their third single was released, a ballad called \"Robin II\".
The second album, *Where Are You, Bambi Woods?*, was released on 29 August 2008. The album is partly about the year the lead singer lived near Dallas, Texas. Its title track is about the disappearance of porn star Bambi Woods (known from her role in *Debbie Does Dallas*). \'Poster Child\' is an ode to the murdered student Matthew Shepard. In 2009 the album got nominated for an Edison, a Dutch Grammy.
The third album, *I Can\'t Keep Track Of Each Fallen Robin*, was released on 19 October 2012. The single \'Mob Wife\' (2017) features Sam Bettens of K\'s Choice. The original version of the song is taken from *A Wolf at the Door*, which was released on 11 March 2016.
## Band line up {#band_line_up}
### Current members {#current_members}
- Marinus de Goederen -- vocals, piano, guitar
### Past members {#past_members}
- Walter Wilhelm -- bass guitar (2003--2004)
- Erik Meereboer -- guitar, backing vocals (2003--2010)
- Tijs Stehmann -- drums (2003--2013)
### Session members {#session_members}
- Peter Slager (Bløf) -- bass guitar (studio)
- Bas Kennis (Bløf) -- Hammond, accordion (studio)
- Charlie Dée -- backing vocals
- Arn Kortooms -- bass guitar, vocals (live)
## Discography
### Albums
- *Panama* (2006)
- *Where Are You, Bambi Woods?* (2008)
- *I Can\'t Keep Track of Each Fallen Robin* (2012)
- *A Wolf at the Door* (2016)
- *December* (2017)
- *Clutter, Volume 1* (2020)
### EPs
- *Rumor Had It* (2004)
### Singles
- \"Swim with Sam\" (2006)
- \"Fortune Teller\" (2006)
- \"Robin II\" (2007)
- \"Mary Had A Secret\" (2008)
- \"Superman Can\'t Move His Legs\" (2008)
- \"Oh, California\" (2010)
- \"Karaoke Night\" (2012)
- \"A Wolf At The Door\" (2016)
- \"Incompatible\" (2016)
- \"Mob Wife (Ft
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# Ernst Friedrich Apelt
**Ernst Friedrich Apelt** (3 March 1812 in Reichenau, Saxony -- 27 October 1859 in Oppelsdorf, Upper Lusatia, Saxony) was a German philosopher and entrepreneur.
## Life
Apelt graduated from secondary school in Zittau and entered the University of Jena in 1831. He then continued his studies at the University of Leipzig. He received his doctorate in 1835 and four years later completed his habilitation in Jena. He taught there from 1840 and became a full professor in 1856.
Apelt was a student of Jakob Friedrich Fries, succeeding him at the University of Jena. He was the principal contributor to the *Abhandlungen der Fries\'sche Schule*, which he founded with Matthias Jakob Schleiden.
He was also one of the early scholars of the life and work of Johannes Kepler, a precursor of Alexandre Koyré. His son Otto Friedrich Apelt made important contributions to the debate on the nature of the categories of Aristotle.
## Works
- *Die Epochen der Geschichte der Menschheit. Eine historisch-philosophische Skizze.* Mauke, Jena 1845--1846, 2 vols. ([volume 1](http://digital.onb.ac.at/OnbViewer/viewer.faces?doc=ABO_%2BZ253672409)), ([volume 2](http://digital.onb.ac.at/OnbViewer/viewer.faces?doc=ABO_%2BZ253672501))
- *Johann Keplers astronomische Weltansicht.* Weigel, Leipzig 1849. ([1](https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hxtafx&view=1up&seq=5))
- *Die Reformation der Sternkunde. Ein Beitrag zur deutschen Culturgeschichte.* Mauke, Jena 1852. ([2](https://books.google.com/books?id=bIFpAAAAcAAJ))
- *Die Theorie der Induktion.* Engelmann, Leipzig 1854. ([3](http://digital.onb.ac.at/OnbViewer/viewer.faces?doc=ABO_%2BZ92006704))
- *Metaphysik.* Engelmann, Leipzig 1857. ([4](https://books.google.com/books?id=fSppAAAAcAAJ))
- *Religionsphilosophie.* Ed by Gustav Wilhelm Frank. Engelmann, Leipzig 1860. ([5](https://books.google
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# Essential extension
In mathematics, specifically module theory, given a ring *R* and an *R*-module *M* with a submodule *N*, the module *M* is said to be an **essential extension** of *N* (or *N* is said to be an **essential submodule** or **large submodule** of *M*) if for every submodule *H* of *M*,
$$H\cap N=\{0\}\,$$ implies that $H=\{0\}\,$
As a special case, an **essential left ideal** of *R* is a left ideal that is essential as a submodule of the left module ~*R*~*R*. The left ideal has non-zero intersection with any non-zero left ideal of *R*. Analogously, an **essential right ideal** is exactly an essential submodule of the right *R* module *R*~*R*~.
The usual notations for essential extensions include the following two expressions:
$$N\subseteq_e M\,$$ `{{harv|Lam|1999}}`{=mediawiki}, and $N\trianglelefteq M$ `{{harv|Anderson|Fuller|1992}}`{=mediawiki}
The dual notion of an essential submodule is that of **superfluous submodule** (or **small submodule**). A submodule *N* is superfluous if for any other submodule *H*,
$$N+H=M\,$$ implies that $H=M\,$.
The usual notations for superfluous submodules include:
$$N\subseteq_s M\,$$ `{{harv|Lam|1999}}`{=mediawiki}, and $N\ll M$ `{{harv|Anderson|Fuller|1992}}`{=mediawiki}
## Properties
Here are some of the elementary properties of essential extensions, given in the notation introduced above. Let *M* be a module, and *K*, *N* and *H* be submodules of *M* with *K* $\subseteq$ *N*
- Clearly *M* is an essential submodule of *M*, and the zero submodule of a nonzero module is never essential.
- $K\subseteq_e M$ if and only if $K\subseteq_e N$ and $N\subseteq_e M$
- $K \cap H \subseteq_e M$ if and only if $K\subseteq_e M$ and $H\subseteq_e M$
Using Zorn\'s Lemma it is possible to prove another useful fact: For any submodule *N* of *M*, there exists a submodule *C* such that
$$N\oplus C \subseteq_e M$$.
Furthermore, a module with no proper essential extension (that is, if the module is essential in another module, then it is equal to that module) is an injective module. It is then possible to prove that every module *M* has a maximal essential extension *E*(*M*), called the injective hull of *M*. The injective hull is necessarily an injective module, and is unique up to isomorphism. The injective hull is also minimal in the sense that any other injective module containing *M* contains a copy of *E*(*M*).
Many properties dualize to superfluous submodules, but not everything. Again let *M* be a module, and *K*, *N* and *H* be submodules of *M* with *K* $\subseteq$ *N*.
- The zero submodule is always superfluous, and a nonzero module *M* is never superfluous in itself.
- $N\subseteq_s M$ if and only if $K\subseteq_s M$ and $N/K \subseteq_s M/K$
- $K+H\subseteq_s M$ if and only if $K\subseteq_s M$ and $H\subseteq_s M$.
Since every module can be mapped via a monomorphism whose image is essential in an injective module (its injective hull), one might ask if the dual statement is true, i.e. for every module *M*, is there a projective module *P* and an epimorphism from *P* onto *M* whose kernel is superfluous? (Such a *P* is called a projective cover). The answer is \"*No*\" in general, and the special class of rings whose right modules all have projective covers is the class of right perfect rings.
One form of Nakayama\'s lemma is that J(*R*)*M* is a superfluous submodule of *M* when *M* is a finitely-generated module over *R*.
## Generalization
This definition can be generalized to an arbitrary abelian category **C**. An **essential extension** is a monomorphism *u* : *M* → *E* such that for every non-zero subobject *s* : *N* → *E*, the fibre product *N* ×~*E*~ M ≠ 0.
In a general category, a morphism *f* : *X* → *Y* is essential if any morphism *g* : *Y* → *Z* is a monomorphism if and only if *g* ° *f* is a monomorphism `{{harv | Porst | 1981 | loc=Introduction}}`{=mediawiki}. Taking *g* to be the identity morphism of *Y* shows that an essential morphism *f* must be a monomorphism.
If *X* has an injective hull *Y*, then *Y* is the largest essential extension of *X* `{{harv|Porst | 1981 | loc=Introduction (''v'')}}`{=mediawiki}. But the largest essential extension may not be an injective hull. Indeed, in the category of T~1~ spaces and continuous maps, every object has a unique largest essential extension, but no space with more than one element has an injective hull `{{harv|Hoffmann|1981}}`{=mediawiki}
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# Howard Grant (boxer)
**Howard Grant** (born June 22, 1966, in Saint Ann, Jamaica) is a retired male Canadian boxer, competing in the light-welterweight (-- 63.5 kg) division. A resident of Montréal, Quebec, he represented Canada at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, where he was defeated in the round of 16 by Sweden\'s Lars Myrberg.
Grant won the gold medal in the same weight division, two years earlier, at the 1986 Commonwealth Games Howard is renowned for training top UFC Fighters and Professional Boxers. He and his brother Otis have their own gym on the West Island in Montreal, [Grant Brothers Boxing](https://www.grantbrothersboxing.com/), where they train professional athletes and many amateurs.
Not only coaching, Howard is involved in developing boxing product with several brands such as Grant Boxing and GBB.
Howard has trained former UFC welterweight champion Georges St-Pierre in boxing for a few years now.
## Amateur career {#amateur_career}
Howard Grant\'s journey into boxing started in 1979 in Montreal. Progressing slowly, Howard caught the eye of Pierre Gauthier from the Saint Laurent Boxing Club. As Howard fine tuned his style over the months, and leading into his path into amateur boxing, Howard was eventually coached by Russ Anber leading into his first amateur boxing tournaments.
As a Junior at 15 years old, Howard Grant captured the gold medal in the Bantamweight division at a Tournament in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1981.
One year later, he captured the gold medal in the Featherweight division at a Tournament in Montreal, Quebec in 1982.
### [1983 Canada Games:](https://www.canadagames.ca/1983-canada-winter-games-saguenay-lac-st-jean) `{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403142757/https://www.canadagames.ca/1983-canada-winter-games-saguenay-lac-st-jean |date=2019-04-03 }}`{=mediawiki} {#canada_games}
Representing Quebec, Howard Grant defeated Ontario\'s [James Hope](http://boxrec.com/en/boxer/300229) to capture the gold medal in the 1983 Canada Games in Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean in the Lightweight division.
### [1983 World Juniors in Dominican Republic:](https://www.the-sports.org/amateur-boxing-junior-world-championships-1983-medals-epa43432.html) {#world_juniors_in_dominican_republic}
Captured the bronze medal in the Lightweight Division. He lost to the eventual gold medalist, Angel Esponosa, in the semi-finals. Howard Grant considers Angel Esponosa as one of his toughest opponents.
### 1984 Canadian Nationals in Nova Scotia {#canadian_nationals_in_nova_scotia}
Captured the gold medal in the Lightweight Division.
### 1984-1986
From 84 to 86 Howard Grant participated in many European tournaments representing Canada including the [Stockholm Boxing Open](http://amateur-boxing.strefa.pl/Tournaments/Stockholm1985.html) in Sweden and the [Tammer Tournament](http://amateur-boxing.strefa.pl/Tournaments/Tammer1985.html) in Finland -- capturing the silver medal in both tournaments.
### 1986 World Amateur Boxing Championships {#world_amateur_boxing_championships}
Captured the silver medal in the 1986 World Amateur Boxing Championships in Reno, Nevada. Howard was defeated by Vasily Shisov.
### 1986 Commonwealth Games {#commonwealth_games}
In his biggest tournament victory in his young career, Howard Grant defeated [David Clencie](http://boxrec.com/en/boxer/53243) by point decision to capture Gold for Canada in the Light-Welterweight Division. Along with Howard Grant, other notable boxers that participated in this tournament were former Undisputed Heavyweight Champion, Lennox Lewis, who also captured Gold in his division.
### [1987 International Tournament in Albena, Bulgaria:](http://amateur-boxing.strefa.pl/Tournaments/Albena1987.html) {#international_tournament_in_albena_bulgaria}
Captured the gold medal in Light welterweight division during the 1987 International Tournament in Albena, Bulgaria
### 1987 President\'s Cup in Indonesia {#presidents_cup_in_indonesia}
Captured the President\'s Cup in the Light-welterweight division
### 1988 Summer Olympic Games in Seoul, South Korea: {#summer_olympic_games_in_seoul_south_korea}
After defeating Andreas Otto of East Germany in his first bout, Howard was defeated in the Round of 16 by the eventual bronze medal winner, Lars Myrberg of Sweden by split decision.
- Round of 64: bye
- Round of 32: defeated Andreas Otto (East Germany) referee stopped contest in the first round
- Round of 16: lost to Lars Myberg (Sweden) by decision, 1-4
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# Howard Grant (boxer)
## Professional career {#professional_career}
After concluding the amateur portion of his career, Howard Grant turned pro after the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games winning his first 6 professional boxing bouts and going undefeated in his first 17 fights. Howard compiled a professional record of 16-2-1. Howard\'s most notable opponents at the professional level included champions Stevie Johnston, Jake Rodriguez and Billy Schwer.
### [Professional Fights (16-2-1)](http://boxrec.com/en/boxer/3350) {#professional_fights_16_2_1}
+------------+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
| Date | Opponent | Location | Result |
+============+=================+=====================================================================+==========+
| 1995-05-02 | Stevie Johnston | Arizona Charlie\'s, Las Vegas | L by TKO |
| | | | |
| | | `NABF Lightweight Title` | |
+------------+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
| 1995-02-24 | Clarence Barnes | Palais des Sports, Jonquiere | W by TKO |
+------------+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
| 1994-05-11 | Billy Schwer | Ice Bowl, Stevenage Commonwealth (British Empire) Lightweight Title | L by KO |
+------------+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
| 1994-01-29 | Nedrick Simmons | Charlottetown Canada Lightweight Title | W by TKO |
+------------+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
| 1993-06-18 | Clifford Hicks | Hotel Le Roussillon, Jonquiere | W by UD |
+------------+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
| 1993-03-30 | Alex Perez | Auditorium, Verdun | W by TKO |
+------------+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
| 1992-11-03 | Mark Smith | St-Leonard | W by UD |
+------------+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
| 1992-05-02 | Greg Gayle | Orillia vacant Canada Lightweight Title | W by UD |
+------------+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
| 1991-12-10 | Jeff Trimble | Paul Sauve Arena, Montreal | W by KO |
+------------+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
| 1991-09-10 | Jeff Hanna | The Palace, Laval | W by TKO |
+------------+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
| 1990-12-11 | John Kalbhenn | The Palace, Laval | W by TKO |
+------------+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
| 1990-08-01 | Nedrick Simmons | Copps Coliseum, Hamilton | W by SD |
+------------+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
| 1990-05-03 | Jake Rodriguez | Quality Inn Hotel, Newark | Draw |
+------------+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
| 1990-04-11 | Eugene McCully | Albany | W by PTS |
+------------+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
| 1989-09-29 | Ray Bright | Civic Center, Hartford | W by KO |
+------------+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
| 1989-06-27 | Eddie Correa | Paul Sauve Arena, Montreal | W by KO |
+------------+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
| 1989-06-16 | Greg Cadiz | Sheraton Hotel, Hartford | W by PTS |
+------------+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
| 1989-05-05 | Jose Soto | Civic Center, Hartford | W by TKO |
+------------+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
| 1988-11-29 | Albert Dumas | Forum, Montreal | W by UD |
+------------+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+
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# Howard Grant (boxer)
## Post-Boxing Career {#post_boxing_career}
Howard Grant\'s love of the sport never wavered once his in-ring career came to a close. Howard has spent his post-professional career training the next crop of in-ring gladiators.
Howard Grant along with his Brother, former WBO Middleweight Champion, Otis "Magic" Grant started the [Grant Brothers Boxing Gym](https://www.grantbrothersboxing.com/) in 2003. With his experience and skill, Howard has trained many notable pugilists over the years including his brother **Otis**, former Canadian Champion, **Tony Pep**, former IBF super-middleweight champion, **Lucien Bute**, 1998 Commonwealth games silver medalist, **Herman Ngoudjo**, former WBA light middleweight world champion, **Joachim Alcine**, current NABA super bantamweight champion, **Olivier Lontchi**, former Olympian, **Dale Brown**, former super middleweight contender, **Librado Andrade**, former World Boxing Organisation NABO Middleweight Champion, **Francis Lafreniere**, former Canadian middleweight title holder and IBF International middleweight title contender, **Walid Smichet**, former World Boxing Council World Super Lightweight champion, **Leonard Dorin.**
Howard has also trained many accomplished mixed martial artists including future UFC Hall of Famer and decorated champion, **Georges St. Pierre**, current Bellator Welterweight World Champion, **Rory MacDonald**, former top UFC middleweight contender, **Patrick Côté**, former TKO Middleweight Champion, **David L'Oiseau**, former UFC fighter, **Mike Ricci**, current UFC Lightweight competitor, **Irish Joe Duffy**, former UFC contender, **Zack Makovsky,** former UFC fighter and current TKO competitor, **Xavier Alaoui**, former UFC and current Bellator top contender, **Valerie Letourneau**, current TKO competitor, **Jamie Mancini**, and up-and-coming female MMA fighter and current TKO competitor, **Corinne Laframboise**
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# Shaphan
**Shaphan** (*שפן*, which means \"hyrax\"), son of Azaliah, is the name of a scribe or court secretary mentioned several times in the Hebrew Bible (2 Kings `{{bibleref2-nb|2 Kings|22:3-14|NKJV}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{bibleverse-nb|2 Kings|25:22|KJV}}`{=mediawiki}; and parallels in 2 Chronicles `{{bibleref2-nb|2 Chronicles|34:8-20|NKJV}}`{=mediawiki}; see also Jeremiah 26:24; `{{bibleverse-nb|Jeremiah|36:10-12|KJV}}`{=mediawiki}; 39:14; `{{bibleverse-nb|Jeremiah|40:5|KJV}}`{=mediawiki} and following; and 43:6).
## Biblical accounts {#biblical_accounts}
In the Chronicler\'s account, Shaphan is one of three leaders sent by King Josiah of Judah to repair the temple in Jerusalem, using the temple funds to commission the necessary work. When the chief Temple priest Hilkiah discovers an ancient Torah scroll, he gives it to Shaphan, who in turn brings it to King Josiah. Josiah reads it aloud to a crowd in Jerusalem, resulting in a great religious revival. Many scholars believe this was either a copy of the Book of Deuteronomy or a text that became a part of Deuteronomy as we have it; as a result the event is known as the Deuteronomic reform.
According to the Bible, Shaphan had sons named Ahikam, Elasah and Gemariah. The latter appears not to be the same Gemariah named as a son of Hilkiah in `{{bibleverse|Jeremiah|29:3|KJV}}`{=mediawiki}. Assuming it is the same Shaphan, he also had a son named Jaazaniah, who is among the idol worshippers depicted in the vision of Ezekiel described in `{{bibleverse|Ezekiel|8:11|KJV}}`{=mediawiki}.
Shaphan\'s grandson is Gedaliah, the short-lived governor of Judah appointed by Nebuchadnezzar after the destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BCE. Whether influenced by Shaphan\'s part in Josiah\'s reforms or not, both Ahikam and, later, Gedaliah appear to have played significant roles in protecting Jeremiah from persecution.
## Bullae of Shaphan {#bullae_of_shaphan}
During the excavations at the City of David headed by Israeli archeologist Yigal Shiloh, a number of bullae were discovered in stratum X, destroyed by the Babylonians in ca. 586 BCE. Bulla 2 reads: *belonging to Gemaryahu ben Shaphan*. Shiloh posited that the Gemaryahu of this bulla is to be identified with \"Gemaryahu son of Shaphan the scribe\" who is mentioned in a biblical text, a figure during the reign of Jehoiakim (r. 609-598 BCE). If this is the case, it could confirm Gemaryahu alongside Ahikam as a son of Shaphan. However, archaeologist Yair Shoham notes: \"It should be borne in mind, however, that the names found on the bullae were popular in ancient times and it is equally possible that there is no connection between the names found on the bullae and the person mentioned in the Bible
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# Shinji Orito
is a Japanese musical composer originally from Hyōgo, Japan working for the visual novel brand Key under VisualArt\'s. Before forming Key, Orito worked for another software company named Leaf where he contributed to four games. After leaving Leaf, Orito transferred to another company named Tactics where he had a hand in the creation of three games for that company: *Dōsei*, *Moon*, and *One: Kagayaku Kisetsu e*. After forming Key, Orito has put much work into such famous titles as *Kanon*, *Air* and *Clannad*. Orito has been influenced by the famous Japanese composers Joe Hisaishi and Yuzo Koshiro.
## Career
After graduating from high school, Orito worked at a bank, but due to a recession in the economy, the bank fell to restructuring, and Orito quit soon after. Orito found new work at the video game developer TGL composing music, but when a friend from high school named Naoya Shimokawa (now the president of Aquaplus) invited him to work for the video game developer Leaf, he accepted.
Starting in 1995, Orito composed music for three of Leaf\'s games: *DR^2^ Night Janki*, *Filsnown: Hikari to Koku*, and *Shizuku* (precursor of *To Heart*). When Leaf\'s next game, *Hatsune no Naisho!!*, was under production, Orito quit Leaf. Orito got a part-time job working for a post office while providing outsourced musical composition for the video game developer Tactics under Nexton for the game *Dōsei*; afterward, Tactics hired Orito, who helped compose music for two more games: *Moon* and *One: Kagayaku Kisetsu e.*
In 1999, Orito and much of the staff behind *Moon* and *One*, including Jun Maeda, Itaru Hinoue, Naoki Hisaya, and OdiakeS, left Tactics to work for the video game publishing company VisualArt\'s, where they formed the company Key. Orito has composed music for all of Key\'s titles, though he contributed to only one track on the original soundtrack of *Planetarian: The Reverie of a Little Planet*.
Music that Orito composes for Key is published on Key\'s record label Key Sounds Label. The label\'s first album, *Humanity\...*, was produced by Orito for his temporary band Work-S. Orito was also the director for the remix album *OTSU Club Music Compilation Vol.1*, also on Key Sounds Label, and is a member of OTSU (Organized Trance Sequential Unit).
During his time at Key, Orito has provided outsourced musical composition for three games by three separate companies under VisualArt\'s. The first was for *Sense Off* by Otherwise, followed by *Shoya Kinjō* by Giant Panda, and finally *Realize* by Playm. In 2001, Orito composed the opening and ending themes for the anime series *Please Teacher!*. In 2006, Orito composed the song \"Precious\" on Mami Kawada\'s debut album *Seed*. Between December 2007 and August 2010, Orito was one of three personalities (the others being Itaru Hinoue and another woman named Chiro working for Pekoe, another visual novel studio under VisualArt\'s) on an internet radio show sponsored by Key in regards to the brand called *Key Net Radio*. Orito composed the music for Key\'s game *Rewrite* (2011) and its fan disc *Rewrite Harvest festa!* (2012). Orito released his album *Circle of Fifth* in October 2012. In 2016, Orito composed music for Key\'s game *Harmonia*.
Orito\'s musical roots are in producing dōjin music as a hobby. He used to visit a music BBS called Unison-BBS and named his dōjin circle Unison Label after the website, which has since gone offline. Many people were involved with the circle, which focused on a musical style similar to that featured in bishōjo games. The group was active between 1994 and 2000. During the time he worked with Tactics and later Otherwise, Orito was also a member of a professional group of composers known as the Unison Sound Team, in which he was known as either `{{Nihongo|"Gamma"|がんま|Ganma}}`{=mediawiki} or `{{Nihongo|"Gunman"|がんまん|Ganman}}`{=mediawiki}
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# Never Grow Old
\"**Never Grow Old**\" usually refers to an old Southern Gospel song of the same name, technically called \"**Where We\'ll Never Grow Old**\", written by James Cleveland Moore, Sr. on April 22, 1914. It has been included on many religious-themed audio compilations, and has been covered by many singers, including Johnny Cash, Jim Reeves, Bill and Gloria Gather, the Carter Family, and Aretha Franklin. In 2008, Thai-American Singer Art Supawatt Purdy recorded an acoustic version for the soundtrack of the movie \'Soi Cowboy\', one of the 61st Cannes Film Festival \'Un Certain Regard\' Official Selection.
## Background
James Cleveland Moore, Sr. had intended to become a Baptist preacher. He was educated at Draketown Baptist Institute, Mercer University in Macon, Georgia, and the University of Florida. He received musical training under Benjamin B. Beale and J. Henry Showalter.
At 26 years old, while a seminary student at Mercer, Moore visited his hometown church to preach, Draketown Baptist Church. His father, Charles Robert Moore, had led the singing for years. Hearing his father\'s voice failing him, Moore knew that he would not hear his father sing much longer due to his father\'s advanced age.
After returning to school, Moore produced the hymn and dedicated his song as: \"Dedicated to My Father and Mother.\" The song was not published until around 1930.
## Lyrics
Source:
: VERSE 1:
: I have heard of a land
: On the faraway strand
: \'Tis a beautiful home of the soul
: Built by Jesus on high
: There we never shall die
: \'Tis a land where we never grow old.
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
: CHORUS:
: Never grow old \[where we\'ll\]
: Never grow old
: In a land where we\'ll never grow old
: Never grow old \[where we\'ll\]
: Never grow old
: In a land where we\'ll never grow old.
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
: VERSE 2:
: In that beautiful home
: Where we\'ll nevermore roam
: We shall be in the sweet by and by
: Happy praise to the King
: Through eternity sing
: \'Tis a land where we never shall die.
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
: VERSE 3:
: When our work here is done
: And the life-crown is won
: And our troubles and trials are o\'er
: All our sorrow will end
: And our voices will blend
: With the loved ones who\'ve gone on before
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# Ryan Monro
**Ryan Monro** (born 26 July 1981) is an Australian bassist, known for playing with Australian ska/jazz band The Cat Empire. He was bassist for The Cat Empire from its inception until 2021 and also plays in jazz trio \"The Genie\", which includes fellow Cat Empire members, Ollie McGill on keyboards and Will Hull Brown on drums. His cousin is Shaun Taylor, a farmer, and chef.
Monro originally started playing guitar in grade 9 at Frankston High School but soon moved to electric bass. He later picked up double bass and after graduating from high school, attended the Victorian College of Arts. In late 1999, Monro met and began playing in a trio with Ollie McGill on keyboards and Felix Riebl on percussion and vocals. Calling themselves \"The Cat Empire\", they started playing a wide variety of gigs in clubs like Dizzy\'s and Bennett\'s Lane in Melbourne. The band soon expanded in 2001 adding Harry James Angus on trumpet, Will Hull-Brown on drums and Jamshid \"Jumps\" Khadiwala as a DJ. With the band, he released eight studio albums. It was announced in March 2021 that Monro was retiring from the band. He was scheduled to play his last show at the Sidney Myer Music Bowl on 6 March 2021, however he rejoined the band to play their final Melbourne shows in December 2021. He played his final show with the band on 16 December 2021. Since 2017, he has played bass for Melbourne band The Meltdown.
He created a recording of Telstra\'s speaking clock before it went offline in 2019 and used the recording for a new website, `{{URL|1194online.com}}`{=mediawiki}
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# Notropis
***Notropis*** is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish in the family Leuciscidae, the shiners, daces and minnows. They are known commonly as **eastern shiners**. They are native to North America, and are one of the continent\'s most speciose genera.
A 1997 phylogenetic analysis placed the genus in a clade with *Campostoma*, *Cyprinella*, *Phenacobius*, *Platygobio* and *Rhinichthys*. The systematics of the genus is still unclear. It has not been confirmed to be monophyletic. While it has been divided into several subgenera and species groups, the relationships between the taxa are not yet understood.
## Characteristics
Members of the genus *Notropis* have eight dorsal rays and have no barbels. Scales for most species are not usually that much taller than they are wide. Their scales are usually not diamond shaped.
Their intestines are short and usually have one loop at the front.
## Species
These are the currently recognized species in this genus:
- *Notropis amabilis* (Girard, 1856) (Texas shiner)
- *Notropis amecae* Chernoff & R. R. Miller, 1986 (Ameca shiner)
- *Notropis anogenus* S. A. Forbes, 1885 (Pugnose shiner)
- *Notropis ariommus* (Cope, 1867) (Popeye shiner)
- *Notropis atherinoides* Rafinesque, 1818 (Emerald shiner)
- *Notropis atrocaudalis* Evermann, 1892 (Blackspot shiner)
- *Notropis bairdi* C. L. Hubbs & Ortenburger, 1929 (Red River shiner)
- *Notropis bifrenatus* (Cope, 1867) (Bridle shiner)
- *Notropis buccula* F. B. Cross, 1953 (Smalleye shiner)
- *Notropis girardi* C. L. Hubbs & Ortenburger, 1929 (Arkansas River shiner)
- *Notropis heterolepis* C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1893 (Blacknose shiner)
- *Notropis jemezanus* (Cope, 1875) (Rio Grande shiner)
- *Notropis maculatus* (O. P. Hay, 1881) (Taillight shiner)
- *Notropis megalops* Girard, 1856) (West Texas shiner)
- *Notropis mekistocholas* Snelson, 1971 (Cape Fear shiner)
- *Notropis micropteryx* (Cope, 1868) (Highland shiner)
- *Notropis oxyrhynchus* C. L. Hubbs & Bonham, 1951 (Sharpnose shiner)
- *Notropis percobromus* (Cope, 1871) (Carmine shiner)
- *Notropis perpallidus* C. L. Hubbs & J. D. Black, 1940 (Peppered shiner)
- *Notropis photogenis* (Cope, 1865) (Silver shiner)
- *Notropis rafinesquei* Suttkus, 1991 (Yazoo shiner)
- *Notropis rubellus* (Agassiz, 1850) (Rosyface shiner)
- *Notropis rupestris* Page, 1987 (Bedrock shiner)
- *Notropis saladonis* C. L. Hubbs & C. Hubbs, 1958 (Salado shiner)
- *Notropis scepticus* (D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1883) (Sandbar shiner)
- *Notropis semperasper* C. R. Gilbert, 1961 (Roughhead shiner)
- *Notropis stilbius* D. S. Jordan, 1877 (Silverstripe shiner)
- *Notropis suttkusi* Humphries & Cashner, 1994 (Rocky shiner)
- *Notropis telescopus* (Cope, 1868) (Telescope shiner)
- *Notropis tropicus* C. L. Hubbs & R. R
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# Mere Mehboob
***Mere Mehboob*** (\"My Beloved\") is a 1963 Indian film directed by Harnam Singh Rawail and starring Ashok Kumar, Rajendra Kumar, Sadhana, Nimmi, Pran, Johnny Walker and Ameeta.
The film became a blockbuster and took the number one position at the box office in 1963. A Muslim social film, it drew a background from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh and traditional Lucknow. The famous song \"Mere Mehboob Tujhe Meri Mohabbat Ki Qasam\" was shot in the University Hall and in a couple of places, one gets to see the University. The opening scene of the movie shows the famous residential hall and the associated clock tower; \"Victoria Gate\".
## Plot
While studying in Aligarh Muslim University, Anwar Hussain Anwar falls in love with a veiled woman and is unable to get her out of his mind. En route to Lucknow, they meet with Nawab Buland Akhtar Changezi, and subsequently meet with him a few days later so that he can use his influence to secure an editor\'s job for Anwar with a magazine. Nawab then asks Anwar to teach his sister, Husna, some poetry, to which he agrees, and eventually finds that she is the very same veiled woman. Both fall in love with each other and the Nawab approves of this alliance, even though Anwar lives a poor lifestyle. The formal engagement ceremony takes place and arrangements are made for the wedding to take place soon. The heavily indebted Nawab does not realize that soon he will find Anwar in the company of a lowly courtesan, Najma; and pressure will be brought on him to get Husna to marry wealthy Munne Raja - who is all set to auction the former\'s mansion as well as belongings. But at the end Husna marries Anwar Hussain and Nawab recovers his along with all the belongings.
## Cast & Characters {#cast_characters}
Character Portrayed By
---------------------------------------------- ----------------
Anwar Hussain Anwar Rajendra Kumar
Husna Bano Sadhana
Najma (Anwar\'s Sister) Nimmi
Nawab Buland Akhtar (Husna\'s Brother) Ashok Kumar
Munne Raja (Buland Akhter\'s cousin) Pran
Bindadeen Rastogi (Anwar\'s Friend) Johnny Walker
Naseem Ara (Buland Akhtar & Husna\'s Cousin) Ameeta
Naseem\'s Paternal Aunty Mumtaz Begum
Bindadeen\'s love interest Malika
## Music
The soundtrack for the movie was composed by Naushad with lyrics by Shakeel Badayuni. The soundtrack consists of 9 songs, featuring vocals by Mohammed Rafi, Lata Mangeshkar and Asha Bhosle. The song *Mere Mehboob Tujhe Meri Mohabbat Ki Qasam, Phir Mujhe Nargasi Aankhon Ka Sahara Daydei* became very popular upon release.
### Song list {#song_list}
## Box office {#box_office}
The film grossed `{{INR|60 million}}`{=mediawiki} at the Indian box office, which in US dollars was `{{US$|{{To USD|60000|IND|year=1963|round=yes}},000|year=1963|round=-6|long=no}}`{=mediawiki}.
## Awards and nominations {#awards_and_nominations}
National Film Awards
- 1963: Certificate of Merit for the Second Best Feature Film in Hindi
Filmfare Awards
- Filmfare Best Art Direction Award - Sudhendu Roy (Winner)
- Filmfare Nomination for Best Supporting Actor-Johnny Walker
- Filmfare Nomination for Best Supporting Actress-Ameeta
- Filmfare Nomination for Best Supporting Actress-Nimmi
- Filmfare Nomination for Best Music Director-Naushad
- Filmfare Nomination for Best Lyricist-Shakeel Badayuni for the song \"Mere Mehboob Tujhe Mere\"
- Filmfare Nomination for Best Playback Singer-Mohd
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# Dhurma
**Dhruma** or **Darma** (*ضرما*) is a small town located 73.4 km by road northwest of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It is the center of the small Dhurma Governorate of Riyadh Province, and had a population of 10,267 people according to the 2004 census. It lies in the wide Al-Batin valley, which it shares with its larger twin, Muzahmiyya.
## History
The town appears in the 7th century poetry of Jarir as \"Qarma\" or \"Garma\", and is also mentioned by the same name in Yaqut\'s encyclopedia. It is unknown, however, when exactly the name evolved into \"Dhurma\". The village was important in pre-20th century Nejd as a western gateway to the region of Wadi Hanifa, which includes Riyadh and Diriyah, and often bore the brunt of the military campaigns directed at the region. Its traditional rulers were distant cousins of the Al Saud family, and Dhurma joined the First Saudi State at the end of the 18th century. A large invasion of Saudi-ruled territory by the Yam tribe of Najran, some 1000 km to the south, was repelled by the people of Dhurma in 1775 after an intense battle fought in a nearby forest of palm trees.
Later, the Egyptian-Ottoman forces of Ibrahim Pasha placed the town under siege on their way to the Saudi capital of Diriyah (see Saudi-Ottoman War). Dhurma offered remarkably stout resistance to the invading army, and even rejected Ibrahim\'s offer of a truce in exchange for allowing him to proceed to Diriyah. The town, however, surrendered in early 1818 and Ibrahim\'s retribution was especially harsh, allowing his troops to pillage the village with impunity. The town revived somewhat after those events, and was reported by Philby to have had a population of nearly 6,000 in 1917. Its fortunes have fallen dramatically in recent decades, however, because it was bypassed by the modern Riyadh-Mecca highway, and most of its original inhabitants have moved to neighboring Riyadh
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# Expletive deleted
The phrase **expletive deleted** indicates that profanity has been censored from a text by the author or by a subsequent censor, usually appearing in place of the profanity. The phrase has been used for this purpose since at least the 1930s, but became more widely used in the United States after the Watergate scandal.
## History
Compelled by a subpoena to provide the contents of the White House taping system to the House Judiciary Committee in April 1974, President Richard Nixon ordered transcripts of the tapes to be prepared. After a cursory inspection of the transcripts, Nixon, shocked at viewing several profanity-laced discussions amongst the White House\'s inner-circle, ordered that every use of profanity be replaced by \"\[EXPLETIVE DELETED\]\".
The transcripts were published in *The New York Times* and elicited shock in much of the country, given Nixon\'s generally staid public image and the fact that contemporary media coverage of politicians did not usually report candidates\' profanity use. As Nixon biographer Jonathan Aitken noted, Nixon had a rather broad view on what constituted profanity, and had ordered comparatively minor outbursts like *Christ* and *hell* to be replaced as expletives. Seeing the jarring phrase repeatedly within the transcripts seemed to give the public the impression that the words used were far harsher than what actually appeared on the tapes.
The phrase entered the public imagination to the point where protesters outside the White House held up picket signs reading, \"IMPEACH THE (EXPLETIVE DELETED)!\"
In later years, the phrase became commonplace as an ironic expression which indicates that a profanity has been omitted; this catchphrase has passed into general usage as a convenient linguistic figleaf.
## Technical definition {#technical_definition}
The term *expletive* is commonly used to refer to any bad language (or profanity), used with or without meaning. *Expletives* in this wide sense may be adjectives, adverbs, nouns, (most commonly), interjections, or (rarely) verbs. Within linguistics, however, \"expletive\" is a technical term referring to a word that does not contribute semantically to the meaning of a sentence, such as an expletive attributive or a dummy pronoun. An expletive in this technical sense is not necessarily rude
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# Mariaan de Swardt
**Mariaan de Swardt** (born 18 March 1971) is a former professional tennis player from South Africa, who was active from 1988 to 2001. She twice represented her native country at the Summer Olympics, in 1992 and 1996, and was a member of the South Africa Fed Cup team in 1992 and from 1994 to 1997. In 2006, de Swardt became a U.S. citizen.
De Swardt won two Grand Slam titles in mixed-doubles competition, the 1999 Australian Open and the 2000 French Open with partner David Adams. She also won four women\'s doubles titles and reached as high as world No. 11 in the doubles WTA rankings. She has one WTA Tour singles title from 1998 and reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 28 in 1996.
Since retiring from tennis, she has been a commentator for Eurosport and South African television, and has coached at professional, collegiate and recreational level with her base being at Atlanta, Georgia. She resides in Houston, Texas, and is a teaching professional at The Houstonian Club. In 2004, she set up a non-profit charity, the Pet Care Fund, to help animals.
## Grand Slam tournament finals {#grand_slam_tournament_finals}
### Doubles: 1 (runner-up) {#doubles_1_runner_up}
+--------+------+--------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------------------------------------+------------+
| Result | Year | Championship | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
+========+======+==============+=========+=================+===============================================+============+
| Loss | 1999 | Wimbledon | Grass | Elena Tatarkova | Lindsay Davenport\ | 4--6, 4--6 |
| | | | | | `{{flagicon|USA}}`{=mediawiki} Corina Morariu | |
+--------+------+--------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------------------------------------+------------+
### Mixed doubles: 2 (titles) {#mixed_doubles_2_titles}
+--------+------+-----------------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Result | Year | Championship | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
+========+======+=================+=========+=============+================================================+=======================+
| Win | 1999 | Australian Open | Hard | | Max Mirnyi\ | 6--4, 4--6, 7--6^(5)^ |
| | | | | | `{{flagicon|USA}}`{=mediawiki} Serena Williams | |
+--------+------+-----------------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| Win | 2000 | French Open | Clay | David Adams | | 6--3, 3--6, 6--3 |
+--------+------+-----------------+---------+-------------+------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| 321 |
Mariaan de Swardt
| 0 |
10,119,577 |
# Mariaan de Swardt
## WTA Tour finals {#wta_tour_finals}
### Singles: 1 (1 title) {#singles_1_1_title}
Legend (singles)
--------------------
Tier I (0--0)
Tier II (0--0)
Tier III (1--0)
Tier IV & V (0--0)
Result W-L Date Tournament Tier Surface Opponent Score
-------- ------ ---------- ---------------- ---------- --------- ---------------- ------------------
Win 1--0 Aug 1998 Boston Cup, US Tier III Hard Barbara Schett 3--6, 7--6, 7--5
### Doubles: 9 (4 titles, 5 runner-ups) {#doubles_9_4_titles_5_runner_ups}
+--------+------+----------+---------------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Result | W-L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
+========+======+==========+=====================+===========+============+====================+========================================================+==================+
| Loss | 0--1 | Apr 1995 | Barcelona, Spain | Tier II | Clay | Iva Majoli | Larisa Savchenko\ | 5--7, 6--4, 5--7 |
| | | | | | | | `{{flagicon|ESP}}`{=mediawiki} Arantxa Sánchez Vicario | |
+--------+------+----------+---------------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Win | 1--1 | May 1995 | Bournemouth, UK | Tier IV/V | Clay | Ruxandra Dragomir | Kerry-Anne Guse\ | 6--3, 6--5 |
| | | | | | | | `{{flagicon|CAN}}`{=mediawiki} Patricia Hy | |
+--------+------+----------+---------------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Loss | 1--2 | Feb 1996 | Tokyo, Japan | Tier I | Carpet (i) | Irina Spîrlea | Gigi Fernández\ | 6--7, 3--6 \|- s |
| | | | | | | | `{{flagicon|BLR}}`{=mediawiki} Natasha Zvereva | |
+--------+------+----------+---------------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Win | 3--2 | Jun 1998 | Eastbourne, UK | Tier II | Grass | Jana Novotná | Arantxa Sánchez Vicario\ | 6--1, 6--3 |
| | | | | | | | `{{flagicon|BLR}}`{=mediawiki} Natasha Zvereva | |
+--------+------+----------+---------------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Loss | 3--3 | Aug 1998 | Boston, US | Tier III | Hard | Mary Joe Fernández | Lisa Raymond\ | 4--6, 4--6 |
| | | | | | | | `{{flagicon|AUS}}`{=mediawiki} Rennae Stubbs | |
+--------+------+----------+---------------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Loss | 3--4 | Aug 1998 | Connecticut, US | Tier II | Hard | Jana Novotná | Alexandra Fusai\ | 1--6, 0--6 |
| | | | | | | | `{{flagicon|FRA}}`{=mediawiki} Nathalie Tauziat | |
+--------+------+----------+---------------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Loss | 3--5 | Oct 1998 | Zurich, Switzerland | Tier I | Hard (i) | Elena Tatarkova | Venus Williams\ | 7--5, 1--6, 3--6 |
| | | | | | | | `{{flagicon|USA}}`{=mediawiki} Serena Williams | |
+--------+------+----------+---------------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Win | 4--5 | Jan 1999 | Hobart, Australia | Tier IV/V | Hard | Elena Tatarkova | Alexia Dechaume-Balleret\ | 6--1, 6--2 |
| | | | | | | | `{{flagicon|FRA}}`{=mediawiki} Émilie Loit | |
+--------+------+----------+---------------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| 413 |
Mariaan de Swardt
| 1 |
10,119,577 |
# Mariaan de Swardt
## ITF Circuit finals {#itf_circuit_finals}
-----------------------
\$100,000 tournaments
\$75,000 tournaments
\$50,000 tournaments
\$25,000 tournaments
\$10,000 tournaments
-----------------------
### Singles (9--2) {#singles_92}
Result No. Date Tournament Surface Opponent Score
-------- ----- ------------------ ----------------------------------- --------- -------------------------- ------------------
Win 1\. 1 December 1986 ITF Vereeniging, South Africa Hard Marie-Christine Damas 6--2, 6--4
Win 2\. 11 January 1988 ITF Vereeniging Hard Linda Barnard 6--2, 3--6, 6--4
Loss 1\. 18 January 1988 ITF Pretoria, South Africa Hard Elna Reinach 3--6, 4--6
Loss 2\. 20 November 1989 ITF Tel Aviv, Israel Clay Yael Segal 3--6, 3--6
Win 3\. 23 April 1990 ITF Ramat HaSharon, Israel Hard Petra Thorén 6--1, 6--4
Win 4\. 28 May 1990 ITF Francavilla, Italy Clay Zuzana Witzová 6--7, 7--6, 6--2
Win 5\. 4 June 1990 ITF Mantua, Italy Hard Federica Bonsignori 6--3, 6--7, 6--3
Win 6\. 22 April 1991 ITF Ramat HaSharon, Israel Hard Ilana Berger 6--3, 4--6, 6--2
Win 7\. 6 May 1991 ITF Porto, Portugal Clay Inés Gorrochategui 6--1, 6--2
Win 8\. 8 May 1994 ITF San Luis Potosí, Mexico Hard Michelle Jackson-Nobrega 6--3, 7--6
Win 9\. 2 August 1998 ITF Salt Lake City, United States Hard Kristina Brandi 6--2, 6--2
### Doubles (7--3) {#doubles_73}
+--------+------+---------------+-----------------------------------+---------+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Result | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
+========+======+===============+===================================+=========+================+=========================================================+==================+
| Win | 1\. | | ITF Johannesburg, South Africa | Hard | Linda Barnard | Valda Lake\ | 6--4, 7--6 |
| | | | | | | `{{flagicon|GBR}}`{=mediawiki} Katie Rickett | |
+--------+------+---------------+-----------------------------------+---------+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Loss | 2\. | | ITF Johannesburg | Hard | Rene Mentz | Barbara Gerken\ | 6--7, 2--6 |
| | | | | | | `{{flagicon|USA}}`{=mediawiki} Beth Herr | |
+--------+------+---------------+-----------------------------------+---------+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Win | 3\. | | ITF Port Elizabeth, South Africa | Hard | Linda Barnard | Ralene Fourie\ | 6--4, 6--2 |
| | | | | | | `{{flagicon|RSA|1928}}`{=mediawiki} Benita Haycock | |
+--------+------+---------------+-----------------------------------+---------+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Win | 4\. | | ITF Johannesburg | Hard | Linda Barnard | Anne Grousbeck\ | 7--5, 6--2 |
| | | | | | | `{{flagicon|USA}}`{=mediawiki} Vincenza Procacci | |
+--------+------+---------------+-----------------------------------+---------+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Win | 5\. | | ITF Vereeniging, South Africa | Hard | Linda Barnard | Cora Linneman\ | 6--2, 7--5 |
| | | | | | | `{{flagicon|USA}}`{=mediawiki} Margaret Redfearn | |
+--------+------+---------------+-----------------------------------+---------+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Loss | 6\. | | ITF Pretoria, South Africa | Hard | Linda Barnard | Elna Reinach\ | 6--3, 4--6, 4--6 |
| | | | | | | `{{flagicon|RSA|1928}}`{=mediawiki} Dianne Van Rensburg | |
+--------+------+---------------+-----------------------------------+---------+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Loss | 7\. | 6 May 1991 | ITF Porto, Portugal | Clay | Yael Segal | Eva Bes\ | 3--6, 5--7 |
| | | | | | | `{{flagicon|ESP}}`{=mediawiki} Virginia Ruano Pascual | |
+--------+------+---------------+-----------------------------------+---------+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Win | 8\. | 8 May 1994 | ITF San Luis Potosí, Mexico | Hard | Liezel Huber | Michelle Jackson-Nobrega\ | 4--6, 6--3, 6--4 |
| | | | | | | `{{flagicon|POL}}`{=mediawiki} Katarzyna Teodorowicz | |
+--------+------+---------------+-----------------------------------+---------+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Win | 9\. | 4 August 1997 | ITF Salt Lake City, United States | Hard | Debbie Graham | Rachel McQuillan\ | 7--6, 7--5 |
| | | | | | | `{{flagicon|JPN}}`{=mediawiki} Nana Smith | |
+--------+------+---------------+-----------------------------------+---------+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Win | 10\
| 549 |
Mariaan de Swardt
| 2 |
10,119,587 |
# Love Mysterious
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Error at (line 100, column 1):
unexpected '{'
{{album chart|BillboardDanceElectronic|12|artist=Kaskade|rowheader=true|accessdate=April 2, 2023}}
^
``
| 20 |
Love Mysterious
| 0 |
10,119,607 |
# Electoral district of King and Georgiana
**King and Georgiana** was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1856 to 1859, named after King and Georgiana counties, including Yass and Taralga. Its only member was Peter Faucett. It was largely replaced by the electoral district of Yass Plains in 1859
| 59 |
Electoral district of King and Georgiana
| 0 |
10,119,626 |
# 2007 Japanese Grand Prix
The **2007 Japanese Grand Prix** (officially the **2007 Formula 1 Fuji Television Japanese Grand Prix**) was a Formula One motor race held on 30 September 2007 at the Fuji Speedway, Oyama, Shizuoka. The 67-lap race was the fifteenth round of the 2007 FIA Formula One World Championship. It was held at the recently revised track in very heavy rain and misty conditions. For the previous 20 years, the Japanese Grand Prix had been held at Suzuka Circuit, but at this race it returned to Fuji for the first time since 1977. The race was won by McLaren driver Lewis Hamilton, who also took pole position and the fastest lap of the race. Heikki Kovalainen achieved his first podium, by finishing second for the Renault team (Renault\'s only podium that year), whilst Kimi Räikkönen finished in third for Ferrari. Adrian Sutil scored his first point and Spyker\'s first and only points ever by finishing 9th and being promoted to 8th after the race.
As a consequence of the race, Hamilton extended his lead in the World Drivers\' Championship to twelve points over McLaren teammate Fernando Alonso. Alonso had only been two points behind Hamilton in the standings before he crashed during the race. Räikkönen\'s third-place finish ensured he remained in mathematical contention to clinch the drivers\' title in the remaining two rounds. His Ferrari teammate, Felipe Massa, dropped out of championship contention after finishing the race in sixth position. Massa was now ten points behind Räikkönen. In the World Constructors\' Championship, Ferrari were leading the standings on 170 points. McLaren would have been leading the table on 202 points had they not been given a penalty in the Hungarian Grand Prix, and then disqualified entirely due to the espionage controversy that year. BMW Sauber remained second in the standings, 78 points behind Ferrari, after scoring just two points in the race. Renault ensured that they would finish the year in third, (like BMW Sauber, they were unpassable by any other team), and were 41 points behind.
| 340 |
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# 2007 Japanese Grand Prix
## Report
### Background
Lewis Hamilton of McLaren led the Drivers\' Championship by two points from his team-mate Fernando Alonso, who was a further 11 points ahead of Ferrari\'s Kimi Räikkönen. After McLaren\'s exclusion from the Constructors\' Championship, Ferrari had been confirmed as Constructors\' Champions, following their Belgian Grand Prix one-two. They were 71 points ahead of BMW Sauber.
Three Japanese constructors and two Japanese drivers competed in the race. Toyota were 6th in the Constructors\' Championship, whilst Honda were 8th, behind their own \"B-team\" Super Aguri. Takuma Sato was 15th in the Drivers\' Championship for Super Aguri, whilst compatriot Sakon Yamamoto had yet to score for Spyker F1, having debuted at the Hungarian Grand Prix.
David Coulthard changed his helmet design for this race, choosing to use the helmet design of former World Rally Champion Colin McRae, who had died two weeks before the race in a helicopter crash.
As with the 2006 race, the event was filmed and broadcast in high-definition by Fuji Television for the domestic Japanese audience.
### Qualifying
Although the weather had dried out by the time qualifying began, the track was still wet and all the drivers went out on wet tyres.
Qualifying one saw the two Spykers of Adrian Sutil and Sakon Yamamoto and the two Super Aguris of Anthony Davidson and Takuma Sato eliminated, along with Alexander Wurz in the Williams and Rubens Barrichello in the Honda. Ralf Schumacher\'s Toyota also collided with Yamamoto, forcing both drivers out of qualifying. Schumacher was already through to Q2, but could not set a time in the second session and so qualified 16th.
Qualifying two saw the elimination of the two Renaults of Giancarlo Fisichella and Heikki Kovalainen, David Coulthard\'s Red Bull, Vitantonio Liuzzi\'s Toro Rosso and the Toyotas of Jarno Trulli and Schumacher.
Sebastian Vettel in the Toro Rosso and Robert Kubica in the BMW Sauber occupied row 5, just behind Jenson Button, getting his best qualifying of the season in the Honda, and Mark Webber\'s Red Bull. Nico Rosberg qualified 6th in the Williams, but was penalised ten places for an engine change. This meant that Vettel qualified eighth, the then best qualifying ever for Toro Rosso. Nick Heidfeld qualified 5th for BMW Sauber, and the top four was once again the two McLarens and two Ferraris. The Ferraris failed to get on the front row, with Kimi Räikkönen and Felipe Massa 3rd and 4th respectively. Lewis Hamilton then pipped his more experienced McLaren teammate Fernando Alonso to earn the fifth pole position of his career.
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# 2007 Japanese Grand Prix
## Report
### Race
Due to torrential rainfall, the race was started behind the safety car, which led the field for the first 19 laps. The Ferraris of Kimi Räikkönen and Felipe Massa were forced to pit during the first few laps after starting on standard wet tyres, as opposed to \"extreme wet\" tyres, which were better-suited to the treacherously wet conditions. Ferrari boss Jean Todt later stated that the team were not informed about the requirements prior to the race, although all other teams were. During the initial safety car period, the FIA instructed the lapped driver Vitantonio Liuzzi to pass the field and catch up to the back of the queue as quickly as he safely could, as a way of gauging whether the track was ready for the race to begin in earnest.
The Ferraris dropped back to 20th and 21st positions respectively following the pit stops, and Massa pitted again on lap 15. When the safety car finally left the circuit, the two McLarens began the race proper at the head of the field, in front of the quick-starting Sebastian Vettel. The Toro Rosso driver had taken third place from Nick Heidfeld, after the latter and Jenson Button\'s Honda collided. Mark Webber was in fourth by the first racing lap as a result of the collision, despite still suffering from the after-effects of food poisoning, having earlier vomited into his helmet during the first safety car period. A first-corner spin caused Alexander Wurz to collide heavily with Felipe Massa\'s Ferrari. Wurz\'s car sustained heavy damage and he retired on the spot.
Later in the race, Fernando Alonso crashed out, later blaming aquaplaning for the accident, which once again brought out the safety car. It was the first time that a McLaren car had failed to finish during the 2007 season. During this safety car period on lap 45, third-placed Sebastian Vettel crashed into the rear of second-placed Webber in the wet conditions, Webber retiring immediately and Vettel returning to the pits to retire. Vettel had earlier became the youngest ever driver to lead a lap of a Formula One race (aged 20 years and 89 days) -- his record was subsequently broken by Max Verstappen (aged 18 years and 228 days) at the 2016 Spanish Grand Prix. The collision put Heikki Kovalainen\'s Renault in second place, which he managed to hold until the end of the race, despite repeated overtaking attempts by Kimi Räikkönen. It was Kovalainen\'s first podium finish. Räikkönen would eventually finish third, ahead of David Coulthard in fourth for Red Bull Racing. This was the first time that two Finnish drivers had both finished on the podium.
On the final lap, Felipe Massa prevailed in his battle with BMW driver Robert Kubica. The Pole had previously served a drive through penalty for colliding with Hamilton. Massa finished sixth, and Kubica seventh, behind Giancarlo Fisichella\'s Renault. Vitantonio Liuzzi finished in eighth, scoring the first 2007 championship points for Toro Rosso. However, these points were later removed when Liuzzi was penalised for overtaking Adrian Sutil under waved yellow flags. This promoted Sutil to eighth, giving him and the Spyker team their first and only F1 points.
### Post-race {#post_race}
Following the race, Sebastian Vettel received a 10-place penalty for the next race in Shanghai, China, for causing the collision with Mark Webber which put both drivers out of the race, but his punishment was later reduced to a reprimand when new evidence was presented to the FIA, prompting it to begin an investigation of Lewis Hamilton for dangerous driving and causing the collision himself. Hamilton was leading the race right in front of Webber, before suddenly braking and forcing Webber to follow suit lest he be penalised for overtaking behind the safety car, potentially causing Vettel\'s car to run into the back of Webber. Hamilton might have faced either disqualification or a grid penalty for the next race, but the FIA decided not to impose any penalty.
| 667 |
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# 2007 Japanese Grand Prix
## Problems with the circuit {#problems_with_the_circuit}
The event was afflicted by poor transportation, poor facilities (including some reserved seats without a view), a lack of organization, and expensive meals that meant a simple lunch-box was sold for 10,000 yen (US\$87) at the circuit.
### Transportation
The free practice session on Saturday was abandoned after repeated delays due to fog, which grounded the medical helicopter. Only three drivers set a time in four minutes: Alexander Wurz (Williams-Toyota), Nico Rosberg (Williams-Toyota) and Jarno Trulli (Toyota).
Before the race, there were suggestions that the plan of carrying all of the 100,000 or more spectators only by shuttle bus would be impossible. To relieve people\'s doubts, the circuit announced that there was complete preparation for the race. These doubts were realised when, after the qualifying session on Saturday, the shuttle buses could not leave because the road on the east gate of the circuit sank around 16:00. As a result, approximately 20,000 spectators were forced to stay for four hours or more until 21:00. For the race on Sunday, only the shuttle bus was admitted for spectators as transport.
### Refund
On Sunday morning, the circuit announced that they would refund spectators who had bought seats in the reserved seat area on \'C\' stand, near the first corner. This was due to the low visibility which meant that the cars on the racing line were not seen at all. The cost of the tickets, 50,000 yen (US\$435), was scheduled to be reimbursed to 7,000 people who were in the stand. The total cost of the refund was expected to be around 350 million yen (US\$3 million). After the race on Sunday, the circuit held a press conference to apologise for problems and announced that they would refund another 85 spectators who did not arrive at the circuit until after the start of the race due to the delay of the shuttle bus. The circuit said that they would reimburse them for all the costs caused by watching the race: the transportation expenses, the hotel charges and the cost of the tickets.
### Toyota bias {#toyota_bias}
Fuji Speedway prohibited spectators from setting up flags and banners supporting teams and drivers, with the exception of the Toyota F1 team whose owner also owned the circuit. Therefore, there were very few flags and banners in the event compared with other Grand Prix events. After the event, Japanese media figures such as Fuji TV F1 commentator Jun Imamiya, and Fuji TV F1 commentator and former mechanic for Benetton Formula Tetsuo Tsugawa criticised the organization of the circuit. Tsugawa mentioned:
However, the event was well received by visitors in the paddock. Despite the problems and criticism, the team principal of Toyota F1, Tadashi Yamashina praised the event: `{{Cquote|...I would like to say congratulations to Fuji Speedway for hosting this race for the first time in 30 years. The facilities here are excellent and the race was well organised.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.toyota-f1.com/public/en/gp2007/15_japan/race.html |title=Japanese Grand Prix – Race Round-Up |date=2007-09-30 |publisher=Toyota F1 |access-date=2007-10-02 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070520221053/http://www.toyota-f1.com/public/en/gp2007/15_japan/race.html |archive-date = 2007-05-20}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki}
In 2009, the Japanese Grand Prix was held again at Suzuka, with the plan to alternate between the two circuits in subsequent years. It was suggested that this could help to prevent future shows of such flagrant parochialism. However, Toyota later announced that the Japanese Grand Prix would not be held at Fuji Speedway any more, and the 2008 Japanese Grand Prix was the last held at the circuit.
### Lawsuit
On 16 June 2008, 109 spectators went to Tokyo District Court and took an action against the circuit to claim total 32 million yen (US\$295,500) in compensation for bad health and missing the race due to the problems with the shuttle buses.`{{update inline|date=January 2018}}`{=mediawiki}
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# 2007 Japanese Grand Prix
## Classification
### Qualifying {#qualifying_1}
Driver Constructor Q1 Q2 Q3
--------- ---- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- -----------------------------
1 2 Lewis Hamilton align=\"center\" nowrap\|McLaren-Mercedes 1:25.489 **1:24.753** **1:25.368** 1
2 1 Fernando Alonso McLaren-Mercedes 1:25.379 1:24.806 1:25.438 2
3 6 Kimi Räikkönen Ferrari 1:25.390 1:24.988 1:25.516 3
4 5 Felipe Massa Ferrari **1:25.359** 1:25.049 1:25.765 4
5 9 Nick Heidfeld BMW Sauber 1:25.971 1:25.248 1:26.505 5
6 16 Nico Rosberg Williams-Toyota 1:26.579 1:25.816 1:26.728 15`{{ref|2|2}}`{=mediawiki}
7 7 Jenson Button Honda 1:26.614 1:25.454 1:26.913 6
8 15 Mark Webber Red Bull-Renault 1:25.970 1:25.535 1:26.914 7
9 19 Sebastian Vettel Toro Rosso-Ferrari 1:26.025 1:25.909 1:26.973 8
10 10 Robert Kubica BMW Sauber 1:26.300 1:25.530 1:27.225 9
11 3 align=\"center\" nowrap\|`{{flagicon|Italy}}`{=mediawiki} Giancarlo Fisichella Renault 1:26.909 1:26.033 10
12 4 Heikki Kovalainen Renault 1:27.223 1:26.232 11
13 14 David Coulthard Red Bull-Renault 1:26.904 1:26.247 12
14 12 Jarno Trulli Toyota 1:26.711 1:26.253 13
15 18 Vitantonio Liuzzi Toro Rosso-Ferrari 1:27.234 1:26.948 PL`{{ref|3|3}}`{=mediawiki}
16 11 Ralf Schumacher Toyota 1:27.191 no time 14`{{ref|1|1}}`{=mediawiki}
17 8 Rubens Barrichello Honda 1:27.323 16
18 17 Alexander Wurz Williams-Toyota 1:27.454 17
19 23 Anthony Davidson Super Aguri-Honda 1:27.564 18
20 20 Adrian Sutil Spyker-Ferrari 1:28.628 19
21 22 Takuma Sato Super Aguri-Honda 1:28.762 20
22 21 Sakon Yamamoto Spyker-Ferrari 1:29.668 21
Source:
Notes:
- -- Ralf Schumacher had no car during the second session of qualifying as he crashed into the back of Sakon Yamamoto at the end of the first session.
- -- During Friday morning practice, Williams decided to change Nico Rosberg\'s engine, giving him a 10-place grid penalty for the race.
- -- Vitantonio Liuzzi started from the pit lane after opting for a dry weather setup.
### Race {#race_1}
Pos No Driver Constructor Laps Time/Retired Grid Points
---------------------------- ---- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ ------ -------------------------------------------- ------ --------
1 2 **Lewis Hamilton** align=\"center\" nowrap\| **McLaren-Mercedes** 67 2:00:34.579 1 **10**
2 4 **Heikki Kovalainen** **Renault** 67 +8.377 11 **8**
3 6 **Kimi Räikkönen** **Ferrari** 67 +9.478 3 **6**
4 14 **David Coulthard** **Red Bull-Renault** 67 +20.297 12 **5**
5 3 align=\"center\" nowrap\| `{{flagicon|Italy}}`{=mediawiki} **Giancarlo Fisichella** **Renault** 67 +38.864 10 **4**
6 5 **Felipe Massa** **Ferrari** 67 +49.042 4 **3**
7 10 **Robert Kubica** **BMW Sauber** 67 +49.285 9 **2**
8 20 **Adrian Sutil** **Spyker-Ferrari** 67 +1:00.129 19 **1**
9`{{ref|4|1}}`{=mediawiki} 18 Vitantonio Liuzzi Toro Rosso-Ferrari 67 +1:20.622 PL
10 8 Rubens Barrichello Honda 67 +1:28.342 16
11 7 Jenson Button Honda 66 Suspension 6
12 21 Sakon Yamamoto Spyker-Ferrari 66 +1 lap 21
13 12 Jarno Trulli Toyota 66 +1 lap 13
14 9 Nick Heidfeld BMW Sauber 65 Technical 5
15 22 Takuma Sato Super Aguri-Honda 65 Collision 20
Ret 11 Ralf Schumacher Toyota 55 Puncture 14
Ret 23 Anthony Davidson Super Aguri-Honda 54 Throttle 18
Ret 16 Nico Rosberg Williams-Toyota 49 Electronics 15
Ret 19 Sebastian Vettel Toro Rosso-Ferrari 46 align=\"center\" nowrap\| Collision damage 8
Ret 15 Mark Webber Red Bull-Renault 45 Collision 7
Ret 1 Fernando Alonso McLaren-Mercedes 41 Accident 2
Ret 17 Alexander Wurz Williams-Toyota 19 Collision 17
Source:
Notes:
- -- Vitantonio Liuzzi was handed a 25 second penalty after overtaking under yellow-flags.
## Championship standings after the race {#championship_standings_after_the_race}
Drivers\' Championship standings
+/-- Driver Points
--------- --- ----------------------- --------
1 **Lewis Hamilton\*** 107
2 **Fernando Alonso\*** 95
3 **Kimi Räikkönen\*** 90
4 Felipe Massa 80
5 Nick Heidfeld 56
Source:
Constructors\' Championship standings
+/-- Constructor Points
--------- --- ------------------ --------
1 **Ferrari\*** 170
2 BMW Sauber 92
3 Renault 51
4 Williams-Toyota 28
5 Red Bull-Renault 23
Source:
- **Note**: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
- **Bold text** and an asterisk indicates competitors who still had a theoretical chance of becoming World Champion
| 619 |
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| 4 |
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# William Mathews (mountaineer)
**William Mathews** (1828--1901) was an English mountaineer, botanist, land agent and surveyor, who first proposed the formation of the Alpine Club of London in 1857.
## Early life {#early_life}
He was the eldest of six sons of Jeremiah Mathews, a Worcestershire land agent, and his wife Mary Guest. Of his brothers, Charles Edward Mathews (1834--1905) and George Spencer Mathews (1836--1904) were also noted mountaineers. William was educated at St John\'s College, Cambridge.
## Founding of the Alpine Club {#founding_of_the_alpine_club}
Mathews had corresponded with F. J. A. Hort about the idea of founding a national mountaineering club in February 1857 and took the idea up with E. S. Kennedy on an ascent of the Finsteraarhorn on 13 August 1857 (the fifth ascent of the mountain and the first British ascent). Ad hoc meetings at Mathews\'s house near Birmingham proceeded during November, and the meeting at which the Alpine Club was founded took place on 22 December 1857 at Ashley\'s Hotel in London, chaired by Kennedy.
## First ascents {#first_ascents}
- Grande Casse with guides Michel Croz and E. Favre on 8 August 1860
- Castor with F. W. Jacomb and Michel Croz on 23 August 1861
- Monte Viso with F. W
| 205 |
William Mathews (mountaineer)
| 0 |
10,119,658 |
# Man's Rights in the Family Party
The **Man\'s Rights in the Family Party** (*מפלגת זכויות הגבר במשפחה - רע\"ש*, *Miflega Zkhuyot HaGever BeMishpaha - Ra\'ash*) was a minor political party in Israel headed by Yaakov Schlusser.
## Background
In 1996, Schlusser published a book, *Men\'s Rights in the Family?*, which argued that family law in the State of Israel is biased against men. Issues such as divorce, alimony, false accusations of abuse, and child support are addressed.
Schlusser subsequently contested the 1996 Knesset elections as the head of the Man\'s Rights in the Family Party. The platform of the party called for the abolition of the clause granting automatic custody to the mother in cases of divorce for small children. It also called for basing child support on other factors besides the cost-of-living index. Other issues the party dealt with was more housing for young couples, lowering taxes, and a call for state pensions. It also called for the option of a secular civil marriage in addition to a religiously recognized marriage. It received 2,388 votes (0.1%), failing to win a seat.
In the 1999 Knesset elections, the party ran under the name \"Justice for All\", and received 1,257 votes (0.04%), the second lowest number of votes with a 1.5% electoral threshold.
In 2003, the party was accused by the Israel Women\'s Lobby of inciting violence against women and misrepresenting facts in their campaign broadcasts. However, according to an article in *Haaretz*, the chairman of the Central Elections Committee rejected the women\'s lobby petition to censor the campaign. In the subsequent Knesset elections, the party received 1,284 votes (0.04%). The 2006 elections saw the party run as \"Justice for All\" again, this time receiving 3,819 votes (0.12%).
Prior to the 2009 Knesset elections, Schlusser said in an interview with Yedioth Achronoth that one out of every two fathers loses the right to see their children as a result of messy divorces, adding, \"children have a right to see their fathers\", also claiming that \"a child that sees a woman in control, in contradiction to nature, may turn homosexual\". In the elections, the party received only 921 votes (0.03%).
In 2012, Schlusser was profiled in *Makor Rishon* about his personal experiences which led him to run for public office. In 2013, he advocated changing laws that stipulate stay-at-home men must pay National Insurance, while housewives are exempt. In an interview with *Haaretz*, he stated, \"When it comes to the age of retirement, for example, women can retire at age 62, but I can\'t
| 423 |
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| 0 |
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# Patrick Labrecque
**Joseph Denis Patrick Labrecque** (born March 6, 1971) is a Canadian ice hockey coach and former player. Labrecque played two games for the Montreal Canadiens in the 1995--96 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1991 to 2005, was mainly spent in the minor leagues
## Biography
Lebrecque was born in LaSalle, Quebec. He was drafted in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft by the Quebec Nordiques. He wore jersey number 31 for the Canadiens. During the 2001--02 QMJHL season, he was a goaltender coach for the Cape Breton Screaming Eagles
| 95 |
Patrick Labrecque
| 0 |
10,119,788 |
# Franklin Engine Company
The **Franklin Engine Company** was an American manufacturer of aircraft engines. Its designs were used primarily in the civilian market, both in fixed wing and helicopter designs. It was briefly directed towards automobile engines as part of the Tucker Car Corporation, returning to aviation when that company failed. The company was later purchased by the Government of Poland.
## History
The firm began as the H. H. Franklin Co. in 1902 in Syracuse, New York, US, to produce Franklin air-cooled automobiles. Barely surviving bankruptcy in 1933, the company was purchased by a group of ex-employees and renamed **Air-cooled Motors** in 1937. While the company kept the name of \"Air-cooled Motors,\" its engines continued to be marketed under the Franklin name. Engineers Carl Doman and Ed Marks kept the company alive through the depression by manufacturing air-cooled truck and industrial engines.
During World War II Air-cooled Motors was very successful producing helicopter and airplane engines. Several aircraft carried its engines, including the Aero-Flight Streak, Bartlett Zephyr, Bell 47, Bellanca Cruisair, Brantly B-1, Goodyear Duck, H-23 Raven, Hiller 360, Piper J-3F Cub, Seibel S-4, Sikorsky S-52, Stinson Voyager, Taylorcraft 15, Temco TE-1B, and the YT-35 Buckaroo.
Air-cooled Motors was purchased by Republic Aviation Company in 1945 to produce engines for its Republic Seabee light amphibious aircraft. After the war, demand for the engines dropped dramatically and Republic was unsure of the company\'s future.
In 1947 Air-cooled Motors was purchased for \$1.8 million by the Tucker Car Corporation to produce an engine for the 1948 Tucker Sedan. After the purchase, Tucker cancelled all of the company\'s aircraft contracts so that its resources could be focused on making automotive engines for the Tucker. At the time Air-cooled Motors had held over 65% of postwar U.S. aviation engine production contracts. As a result of the shift, when the Tucker Car Corporation failed amidst allegations of stock fraud, Air-cooled nearly failed with it.
Tucker and the Tucker family owned the firm until 1961, when it was sold to Aero Industries, which restored the name Franklin Engine Company.
In 1975 the government of Poland bought the company and moved it to Rzeszów, first under the name PZL-Franklin and later PZL-F. The company is now called Franklin Aircraft Engines Sp. z o.o. with the address ul. Chełmińska 208 in 86-300 Grudziądz city in Poland. At Aero Friedrichshafen 2016 the company had new engines on display. The innovations include modifications to the type certificate of the 6A-350; the approval for MOGAS, as well as fuel injection is pending at EASA.
New Franklin engines built by Franklin Aircraft Engines Sp. z o.o. are available in the United States from Franklin Aircraft Engines, Inc. of Fort Collins, Colorado. In addition, there are a number of restoration and service options for \"legacy\" or rather original US built Franklin engines. Because of inherent engine balance, size, power to weight, and comparative cost to competing engines, Franklins are popular choices for experimental aircraft and have a significant list of approved supplemental type certificates
| 503 |
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| 0 |
10,119,879 |
# Parkland High School (Texas)
**Parkland High School** is part of the Ysleta Independent School District in El Paso, Texas
| 20 |
Parkland High School (Texas)
| 0 |
10,119,908 |
# Earl Armstrong
**Earl Armstrong** (1900--1986) was an Ontario farmer and politician. He served as reeve of Gloucester Township from 1952 to 1972.
He was the son of William Armstrong and descended from Irish immigrants to Canada. He married Peninnah Sloan, a school teacher from Manotick. They had three children, Jack, Robert and Richard. He took over the operation of the family dairy farm and expanded its size. During his period in office as reeve, Gloucester Hydro and the Gloucester Police Force were established. Armstrong also served three years as warden for Carleton County.
The Earl Armstrong Arena and Earl Armstrong Road, both in the former Gloucester, Ontario, are named in his honour
| 113 |
Earl Armstrong
| 0 |
10,119,922 |
# Wildcat Field (League City, Texas)
**Wildcat Field** is a baseball field on the campus of Clear Creek High School in League City, Texas. It is named after the school\'s mascot, the \"Wildcats.\" It is located adjacent to the Clear Creek Independent School District Stadium. It is the home of the Clear Creek High School Wildcats baseball team and was home to the Bay Area Toros of the Continental Baseball League in 2007
| 73 |
Wildcat Field (League City, Texas)
| 0 |
10,119,950 |
# Frank W. Wheeler
**Frank Willis Wheeler** (March 2, 1853 -- August 9, 1921) was a shipbuilder and politician from the U.S. state of Michigan.
## Biography
Wheeler was born in Chaumont, New York attended the common schools. In 1864, he moved with his parents to East Saginaw, Michigan and attended the Saginaw High School and the Ypsilanti State Normal School (now (Eastern Michigan University). He engaged in boatbuilding and moved to West Bay City in 1876. He became master of the Saginaw River Tug Association and engaged in shipbuilding at the Bay Cities for many years.
In 1888, Wheeler was the Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives from Michigan\'s 10th congressional district and defeated incumbent Democrat Spencer O. Fisher to be elected to the 51st Congress. Wheeler served from March 4, 1889 to March 3, 1891 and was not a candidate for reelection in 1890.
After leaving Congress, Wheeler engaged in his former pursuits until 1899, when he moved to Detroit. He returned to Saginaw in 1917 and organized the Saginaw Shipbuilding Co. and was engaged in building boats for the United States Government.
Frank W. Wheeler died in Saginaw and is interred in Elm Lawn Cemetery, Bay City, Michigan
| 203 |
Frank W. Wheeler
| 0 |
10,119,995 |
# Hilda Ramos
**Hilda Elisa Ramos Manes** (born 1 September 1964 in Matanzas) is a retired Cuban discus thrower.
Her personal best throw is 70.88 metres, achieved in May 1992 in Havana. This is the current North American, Central American and Caribbean (NACAC) record
| 44 |
Hilda Ramos
| 0 |
10,120,036 |
# Noorbeek
**Noorbeek** (*Norbik*, English: *Noor brook*) is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is located in the municipality of Eijsden-Margraten (Limburgish: *Megraote*) and about 12 km southeast of Maastricht. Noorbeek is one of the southernmost villages of the Netherlands and was named after the nearby river Noor.
## History
Noorbeek developed in the 11th century on the plateau of Margraten near the source of the Noor river. It was part of the Land of Dalhem and a *heerlijkheid* until 1626.
The Catholic St Brigida Church is a three aisled church mainly constructed from chalk. The oldest parts date from around 1100. The tower was enlarged in the 16th century and received its current spire.
Noorbeek was home to 342 people in 1840. It was a separate municipality until 1982, when it was merged with Margraten. It is part of the Mergellandroute. In 2011, it became part of the municipality of Eijsden-Margraten.
## Gallery
<File:Noorbaekwkped05.JPG%7CWelcome> to Noorbeek <File:Brigidaden> Noorbeek.jpg\|Bridida pine collection day <File:Dorpsgezicht>, vanuit het noorden - Noorbeek - 20383683 - RCE.jpg\|View on Noorbeek <File:Noorbeek> P1080583
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| 0 |
10,120,042 |
# Nunhem
**Nunhem** (*Nunem*) is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is located in the municipality of Leudal, 1 km north of Haelen.
## History
The village was first mentioned in 1306 as Nunhem, and means \"new settlement\". Nunhem developed along the Haelense Beek.
The Catholic St Servatius Church is a single aisled church. The tower dates from the 14th century and was probably enlarged in the 18th century. The church was built in 1893 in Gothic Revival style. The St Servatius Chapel is a site of pilgrimage. There is a well behind the chapel which, according to legend, was dug by Servatius of Tongeren and used to baptise people.
Huis Nunhem is a manor house which was first attested in 1458. In the early-18th century, the current house was built which was remodelled in 1778 and corner towers were added. The estate burnt down in 1947 and restored in 1999.
Nunhem was home to 166 people in 1840.
## Gallery
<File:Nunhem> - Kerkstraat 11 Voormalig raadhuis.jpg\|Former town hall <File:Nunhem.jpg%7CHuis> Nunhem <File:Nienghoor.jpg%7CFarm> Niënghoor <File:Overzicht> voorgevel - Nunhem - 20099804 - RCE
| 184 |
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| 0 |
10,120,049 |
# Catherine Otto
**Catherine Mary Otto** is an echocardiography specialist who serves as J. Ward Kennedy-Hamilton Endowed Chair in Cardiology at the University of Washington Medical Center. She has authored echocardiography textbooks. The major fields she works in are valvular heart disease, adult congenital heart disease, and echocardiography.
## Education
She obtained a B.A. from Reed College in 1975, an M.D. from the University of Washington in 1979, and did her residency at The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center from 1979 to 1982 in internal medicine and a fellowship in cardiology at the University of Washington from 1982 till 1985.
## Career
Otto is an expert on calcific (aortic stenosis) and received the 2011 American College of Cardiology Distinguished Scientist Award (Clinical Domain) for her research on this subject. In addition, Otto is the author of several cardiology books.
In January, 2014, she was appointed editor-in-chief of *Heart*, the official journal of the British Cardiovascular Society.
During 2023, Otto was awarded by the American College of Cardiology with the Distinguished Teacher Award for her impact within the cardiology field.
## Personal
On 29 March 1979, Otto married Robert Frederick Leach in King County, Washington.
## Selected publications {#selected_publications}
- C. Otto and B. Bonow. *Valvular Heart Disease, 3rd ed,* Elsevier/Saunders, 2009
- C. Otto. *Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography*, 4th ed, Elsevier, 2009
- D. Oxorn and C. Otto. *Atlas of Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography: Surgical and Radiologic Correlations*, Elsevier, 2006
- C. Otto. *The Practice of Clinical Echocardiography*, 3rd edition. Elsevier, 2008
- C. Otto, B. Schwaegler and R. Freeman *Echocardiography Review Guide*, 2nd ed., Elsevier, 2011
- C. Otto and L. Gillam
| 272 |
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| 0 |
10,120,053 |
# Partee
**Partee** is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Barbara Partee (born 1940), American semanticist
- Cecil A. Partee (1921--1994), American politician
- Clarence L
| 29 |
Partee
| 0 |
10,120,056 |
# Obbicht en Papenhoven
**Obbicht en Papenhoven** (`{{IPA|nl|ˈɔbɪxt ɛm ˈpaːpə(n)ˌɦoːvə(n)}}`{=mediawiki}, *Opbeech en Papenhaove* `{{IPA|li|ˈɔbeːɣ æm ˈpaːpə(n)ˌɦɔː˦və|}}`{=mediawiki})`{{fix|text=tone?|date=March 2022}}`{=mediawiki} is a former municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. It consisted of the villages Obbicht and Papenhoven, located on the river Meuse about 8 km northwest of Sittard.
Obbicht en Papenhoven merged with the municipality of Born in 1982. A small part merged with Stein
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Obbicht en Papenhoven
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10,120,062 |
# Cross Timbers Park
**Cross Timbers Park** is a park located in North Richland Hills, Texas. The park claims 101 acre of land. Included in the park are playgrounds, walking trails and a youth baseball complex with three lighted fields and a practice field. In 2007 the baseball complex acted as the home field for the Tarrant County Blue Thunder of the Continental Baseball League
| 65 |
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| 0 |
10,120,086 |
# Granville Proby, 4th Earl of Carysfort
**Granville Leveson Proby, 4th Earl of Carysfort** `{{post-nominals|country=GBR|KP|PC}}`{=mediawiki} (14 September 1824 -- 18 May 1872), styled **Lord Proby** from 1858 to 1868, was a British Liberal politician. He notably held office as Comptroller of the Household between 1859 and 1866.
## Background and early life {#background_and_early_life}
Proby was born at Bushey Park, Enniskerry, County Wicklow, the second son of Admiral Granville Leveson Proby, 3rd Earl of Carysfort, by Isabella Howard, daughter of the Honourable Hugh Howard. He became known by the courtesy title Lord Proby in 1858 on the death of his elder brother. He served with the 74th Regiment of Foot and achieved the rank of captain.
## Political career {#political_career}
In 1858 Proby was elected to the House of Commons for County Wicklow, and served under Lord Palmerston and then Lord Russell as Comptroller of the Household from 1859 to 1866. In 1868 he succeeded his father in the earldom and entered the House of Lords. He was admitted to the Privy Council in 1859 and made a Knight of the Order of St Patrick in 1869.
## Family
Lord Carysfort married Lady Augusta Maria Hare, daughter of William Hare, 2nd Earl of Listowel, in 1853. The marriage was childless. He died in Florence, Italy, in May 1872, aged 47, and was succeeded in his titles by his younger brother, William. The Countess of Carysfort died at Grosvenor Crescent, London, in March 1881, aged 48
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Granville Proby, 4th Earl of Carysfort
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10,120,138 |
# María Cristina Betancourt
**María Cristina Betancourt Ramírez** (born 15 December 1947) is a retired Cuban discus thrower, born in Havana. Her personal best throw was 66.54 metres, achieved in February 1981 in Havana.
In 1983, she was tested positively for doping during the Pan American Games and subsequently received a lifetime ban
| 53 |
María Cristina Betancourt
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# National Jewish Center for Learning and Leadership
The **National Jewish Center for Learning and Leadership** (CLAL) is a leadership training institute, think tank, and resource center. It is an inter-disciplinary and inter-denominational movement, in which rabbis from all major Jewish denominations in North America participate. The organization is described by *The Jewish Daily Forward* as a \"think-tank dedicated to questions of Jewish identity and religious practice\...in its quest to expand the boundaries of Jewish communal life\".
Rabbi Brad Hirschfield presently serves as the president of CLAL.
Rabbi [Elan Babchuck](https://www.linkedin.com/in/elan-babchuck/) is the Executive Vice President.
## Etymology
CLAL is an acronym formed from the organization\'s English language name (Center for Leadership and Learning). It is also a transliteration of a Hebrew word that can mean community, as in the expression \"Klal Yisrael\" which refers to the Jewish people as a whole. It is intended to suggest the organization\'s stated mission to serve as a center of interdenominational cooperation in American Judaism.
## History
CLAL was founded in 1974 by Rabbi Irving Greenberg, Nobel Laureate Elie Wiesel, and [Rabbi Steven Shaw](http://rabbiirvinggreenberg.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/CLAL-News-and-Perspective_New-Era_red.pdf).
## Programs
CLAL runs Rabbis without Borders
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# Brigitte Becue
**Brigitte Becue** (born 18 September 1972) is a retired breaststroke and medley swimmer from Belgium, who competed for her native country at four consecutive Summer Olympic Games, starting in 1988. In 1989, she won the silver medal in the women\'s 200 metres breaststroke at the European Aquatics Championships in Bonn, West Germany.
Becue reached her highest peak at the 1995 European Aquatics Championships in Vienna, where she won three medals (two gold, one silver). She twice was named Belgian Sportswoman of the Year (1994 and 1995).
Becue finished 10th overall in the 2007 Dakar Rally as co-driver of Stéphane Henrard
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# Chauconin-Neufmontiers
**Chauconin-Neufmontiers** (`{{IPA|fr|ʃokɔnɛ̃ nœfmɔ̃tje|-|LL-Q150 (fra)-Xenophôn-Chauconin-Neufmontiers.wav}}`{=mediawiki}) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.
## Population
The inhabitants are called *Coconatiens Neufmontois* in French
| 30 |
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| 0 |
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# Emotion (Martina McBride album)
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{{album chart|Billboard200|19|artist=Martina McBride|rowheader=true|accessdate=October 19, 2020}}
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``
| 23 |
Emotion (Martina McBride album)
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# Chauffry
**Chauffry** (`{{IPA|fr|ʃofʁi|-|LL-Q150 (fra)-Touam-Chauffry.wav}}`{=mediawiki}) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.
## Demographics
The inhabitants are called *Cauffériens*
| 26 |
Chauffry
| 0 |
10,120,194 |
# Desensitized (Pitchshifter album)
***Desensitized*** is the second album by the industrial metal band Pitch Shifter, released on Earache Records in 1993. A music video was made for the track \"Triad\" that featured the band playing in a white room. The same track was also featured in the 1994 science fiction/horror film *Brainscan*.
## Critical reception {#critical_reception}
*The Encyclopedia of Popular Music* wrote that \"the lyrics built on the themes of oppression and social injustice, while the use of samplers and sequencers offered an extra aural dimension.\" *Metal Hammer*\'s *The Book of Metal* wrote that \"the rumbling bass lines and jarring Prong-esque guitars filled dancefloors in alternative clubs across Europe.\"
## Track listing {#track_listing}
## Personnel
### Pitchshifter
- Johnny A. Carter -- guitars, programming
- Mark Clayden -- bass
- \'D\'.J. Walters -- live drums
- J.S
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Desensitized (Pitchshifter album)
| 0 |
10,120,197 |
# Louisville Municipal School District
The **Louisville Municipal School District** is a public school district based in Louisville, Mississippi (USA). The district\'s boundaries parallel that of Winston County.
## History
The first public school in Louisville was established in 1872. Winston County Schools and Louisville City Schools were consolidated in 1960 to become the Louisville Municipal School District.
## Schools
- Louisville High School (Grades 9-12)
- Eiland Middle School (Grades 6-8)
- Louisville Elementary School (Grades 3-5)
- Fair Elementary School (Grades Pre-K-2)
- Nanih Waiya School (Grades K-12)
- Noxapater School (Grades K-12)
## Demographics
### 2006-07 school year {#school_year}
There were a total of 2,883 students enrolled in the Louisville Municipal School District during the 2006--2007 school year. The gender makeup of the district was 49% female and 51% male. The racial makeup of the district was 63.65% African American, 34.69% White, 1.18% Native American, 0.35% Hispanic, and 0.14% Asian. 66.7% of the district\'s students were eligible to receive free lunch
| 164 |
Louisville Municipal School District
| 0 |
10,120,217 |
# Vtáčnik Mountains
The **Vtáčnik Mountains** (*Pohorie Vtáčnik*) are a mountain range in central Slovakia, which forms part of the Slovak Central Mountains (*Slovenské stredohorie*) within the Inner Western Carpathians.
It is bordered in the west, north and northeast by the upper Nitra basin, Strážov Mountains and Žiar, in the east by the Kremnica Mountains and Žiar basin, and in the south by Tribeč and the Štiavnica Mountains.
It is divided further into these geomorphological units:
1. *Vysoký Vtáčnik* (\"High Vtáčnik\")
2. *Nízky Vtáčnik* (\"Low Vtáčnik\")
3. *Župkovská brázda* (\"Župkov Furrow\")
4. *Raj* (\"Paradise Mountains\")
The four highest mountains are: Vtáčnik (1,346 m), Biela skala (1,136 m), Buchlov (1,040 m), and Žiar (845 m).
Some of the towns or villages around or in Vtáčnik include: Prievidza, Nováky, Handlová, Prochot, Lehota pod Vtáčnikom, and Veľké Pole
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Vtáčnik Mountains
| 0 |
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# Vladimíra Racková
**Vladimíra Racková**, née **Malátová** (born 15 May 1967, in Opava) is a Czech discus thrower. Her personal best throw is 65.50 metres, achieved in June 2001 in Kladno
| 31 |
Vladimíra Racková
| 0 |
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# 5-demicubic honeycomb
Demipenteractic honeycomb
---------------------------
(No image)
Type
Family
Schläfli symbols
Coxeter diagrams
Facets
Vertex figure
Coxeter group
The **5-demicube honeycomb** (or **demipenteractic honeycomb**) is a uniform space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 5-space. It is constructed as an alternation of the regular 5-cube honeycomb.
It is the first tessellation in the demihypercube honeycomb family which, with all the next ones, is not regular, being composed of two different types of uniform facets. The 5-cubes become alternated into 5-demicubes h{4,3,3,3} and the alternated vertices create 5-orthoplex {3,3,3,4} facets.
## D5 lattice {#d5_lattice}
The vertex arrangement of the **5-demicubic honeycomb** is the **D~5~ lattice** which is the densest known sphere packing in 5 dimensions. The 40 vertices of the rectified 5-orthoplex vertex figure of the *5-demicubic honeycomb* reflect the kissing number 40 of this lattice.
The D`{{sup sub|+|5}}`{=mediawiki} packing (also called D`{{sup sub|2|5}}`{=mediawiki}) can be constructed by the union of two D~5~ lattices. The analogous packings form lattices only in even dimensions. The kissing number is 2^4^=16 (2^n−1^ for n\<8, 240 for n=8, and 2n(n−1) for n\>8).
: ∪ `{{CDD|nodes|split2|node|3|node|split1|nodes_10lu}}`{=mediawiki}
The D`{{sup sub|*|5}}`{=mediawiki} lattice (also called D`{{sup sub|4|5}}`{=mediawiki} and C`{{sup sub|2|5}}`{=mediawiki}) can be constructed by the union of all four 5-demicubic lattices: It is also the 5-dimensional body centered cubic, the union of two 5-cube honeycombs in dual positions.
: ∪ `{{CDD|nodes_01rd|split2|node|3|node|split1|nodes}}`{=mediawiki} ∪ `{{CDD|nodes|split2|node|3|node|split1|nodes_10lu}}`{=mediawiki} ∪ `{{CDD|nodes|split2|node|3|node|split1|nodes_01ld}}`{=mediawiki} = `{{CDD|nodes_10r|4a4b|nodes|3ab|branch}}`{=mediawiki} ∪ `{{CDD|nodes_01r|4a4b|nodes|3ab|branch}}`{=mediawiki}.
The kissing number of the D`{{sup sub|*|5}}`{=mediawiki} lattice is 10 (*2n* for n≥5) and its Voronoi tessellation is a tritruncated 5-cubic honeycomb, `{{CDD|branch_11|3ab|nodes|4a4b|nodes}}`{=mediawiki}, containing all bitruncated 5-orthoplex, `{{CDD|node|4|node|3|node_1|3|node_1|3|node}}`{=mediawiki} Voronoi cells.
## Symmetry constructions {#symmetry_constructions}
There are three uniform construction symmetries of this tessellation. Each symmetry can be represented by arrangements of different colors on the 32 5-demicube facets around each vertex
| 291 |
5-demicubic honeycomb
| 0 |
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# Royston Nash
**Royston Hulbert Nash** (23 July 1933 -- 4 April 2016) was an English conductor, best known as a music director of the D\'Oyly Carte Opera Company and, later, as the conductor of the Cape Cod Symphony Orchestra.
His career as a conductor began with the Royal Marines from 1957 to 1970. He then joined D\'Oyly Carte, becoming Music Director from 1971 to 1979. He led the company during its centenary year in 1975 and issued a number of recordings, including the company\'s only recordings of *Utopia, Limited*, *The Grand Duke*, and *The Zoo*, as well as recordings of some rarely heard Sullivan music. He then moved to the United States, where he became musical director of the Cape Cod Symphony Orchestra, the Nashua Symphony Orchestra, and other ensembles, until his retirement in 2007. He also founded and conducted Symphony by the Sea.
## Early life and career {#early_life_and_career}
Nash was born in Southampton, the son of Ellen (*née* Hulbert, 1899--1982) and Sydney Price Nash (1898--1976), and grew up in Bournemouth after the family moved there in 1942 to avoid bombing in Southampton. He began to study the trumpet at age seven. At the age of sixteen, he joined the Royal Marines School of Music, remaining there for six years and receiving a Licentiate of the Royal Academy of Music in conducting. He then studied the trumpet under George Eskdale for a year at the Royal Academy of Music, where he was awarded the Certificate of Merit for Conducting in 1957. and graduated in 1958. He also held the Bronze Medal of the Worshipful Company of Musicians. His mentors included Rudolf Kempe, Constantin Silvestri and Sir Malcolm Sargent.
After this training, in 1960, he was appointed Bandmaster with the Royal Marines, where he served for three years as Director of Music to the Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, and also conducting the Malta Choral Society. He also served in the Far East. He was then Director of Music to the Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth at the Naval Home Command. Then, with the rank of captain, he was appointed Director of Music at the Royal Marines School of Music in Deal, Kent, where he finished his 10-year commission. He conducted a section of the Royal Marines Band at Sadler\'s Wells Theatre during a first-act performance of *H.M.S. Pinafore* at the last night of the London Season of the D\'Oyly Carte Opera Company in March 1970.
## D\'Oyly Carte Opera Company {#doyly_carte_opera_company}
In September 1970, Nash joined the D\'Oyly Carte company as assistant musical director to James Walker, whom he succeeded as musical director in March 1971. Nash continued with the company until April 1979. He was in charge of the centenary season at the Savoy Theatre in 1975, where all the Gilbert and Sullivan operas from *Trial by Jury* to *The Grand Duke* were presented in chronological order. Nash was joined by guest conductors Isidore Godfrey (for *H.M.S. Pinafore*) and Sir Charles Mackerras *(The Pirates of Penzance* and *The Mikado*). He led two American tours by the company, including the one in 1976. In 1977, during Queen Elizabeth II\'s Jubilee Year, the company gave a Royal Command Performance at Windsor Castle, conducted by Nash.
## Later years {#later_years}
Nash moved to North America in 1979, and in 1980 he became musical director of both the Nashua Symphony Orchestra in Nashua, New Hampshire, ending with the 2006--2007 season, and of the Cape Cod Symphony Orchestra in Massachusetts for 27 years until 2007, where he was then Music Director Laureate for life. He extended the orchestra\'s repertory to include Elgar (notably a 2002 performance of *The Dream of Gerontius* with the Royal Choral Society), Mahler and Shostakovich, among others, and is credited with transforming it from an amateur ensemble to a professional orchestra. He was also the founder and, until 1995, music director and conductor of Symphony by the Sea in Marblehead, Massachusetts; music director and conductor of the Cape Ann Symphony Orchestra from 1980 until 1986; and was a conductor at the Boston Conservatory of Music in 1985 and 1986. He lived in Cotuit, Massachusetts, which he had first visited while on tour with D\'Oyly Carte. Nash married Lois Barry (born 1942) in Barnstable, Massachusetts, on 30 June 1991. He had two sons, Adrian Wesley (1953--1993) and Kelvin Howard Nash (born 1960), from his first marriage to Joyce Gladys (*née* Murdoch) in 1952.
*The Telegraph* called Nash \"a charismatic and engaging figure.\" He died in 2016 at the age of 82 at the McCarthy Care Center in East Sandwich, Massachusetts.
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# Royston Nash
## Recordings
With D\'Oyly Carte, Nash conducted a filmed performance of *H.M.S. Pinafore* in 1973 and Decca recordings of *The Mikado* (1973), *Iolanthe* (1974), *Trial by Jury* (1975), *Utopia Limited* (1976), *The Grand Duke* (1976), *The Gondoliers* (1977), *Cox and Box*, the world premiere professional recording of *The Zoo* (1978), and *The Yeomen of the Guard* (1979). The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra was engaged for all these recordings, and Nash and the company took the opportunity to record some of Sullivan\'s non-Savoy music as fillers in these recordings, for example: the *Macbeth* Overture and two excerpts from the *Henry VIII* music with *Trial*, a cut version of the *Marmion* Overture with *The Gondoliers*, the \"Imperial March\" (instead of the *Utopia* overture) and the Ballet Suite No 1 from *Victoria and Merrie England* with *Yeomen*
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# Amite County School District
The **Amite County School District** (**ACSD**) is a public school district based in Liberty, Mississippi (USA). The district\'s boundaries parallel those of Amite County. In addition to Liberty, the district includes Gloster and the Amite County portions of Centreville and Crosby.
## Schools
- Amite County Elementary School (Liberty; Grades K-6)
- Amite County Middle School (Liberty; Grades 7-8)
- Amite County High School (Liberty; Grades 9-12)
- Amite County Career And Technical Center (Liberty; Grades 9-12)
## Demographics
### 2006-07 school year {#school_year}
There were a total of 1,309 students enrolled in the Amite County School District during the 2006--2007 school year. The gender makeup of the district was 49% female and 51% male. The racial makeup of the district was 84.26% African American, 15.13% White, 0.53% Hispanic, and 0.08% Native American. All of the district\'s students were eligible to receive free lunch
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10,120,284 |
# Alice Matějková
**Alice Matějková Honhová** (born 11 January 1969 in Czechoslovakia) is a Spanish discus thrower. She formerly represented her birth country of the Czech Republic. Her personal best throw is 62.66 metres, achieved in June 1997 in Kladno.
She finished seventh at the 1986 World Junior Championships and eighth at the 2002 IAAF World Cup. She competed at the World Championships in 1991, 1993 and 1997 as well as the Olympic Games in 1996, 2000 and 2004 without reaching the final
| 83 |
Alice Matějková
| 0 |
10,120,298 |
# Figuration Libre
**Figuration Libre** (`{{IPA|fr|fiɡyʁasjɔ̃ libʁ}}`{=mediawiki}, *Free Figuration*) is a French art movement which began in the 1980s. It is the French equivalent of Bad Painting and Neo-expressionism in America and Europe, Junge Wilde in Germany and Transvanguardia in Italy. Artists in the movement typically incorporate elements of comic book art and graffiti into their work. They use bright colors and exaggerated, caricature-like figures.
The group was formed in 1981 by Robert Combas, Remi Blanchard, François Boisrond and Hervé Di Rosa. The term \'Figuration Libre\' was coined by Fluxus artist Ben Vautier. Other figures include Richard Di Rosa and Louis Jammes. Between 1982 and 1985, these artists exhibited alongside their American counterparts Keith Haring, Jean-Michel Basquiat, and Kenny Scharf in New York City, London, Pittsburgh and Paris.
Figuration Libre (Free Figuration) can be translated as \"Free Style\"
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# Chenoise
**Chenoise** (`{{IPA|fr|ʃənwaz|-|LL-Q150 (fra)-Touam-Chenoise.wav}}`{=mediawiki}) is a former commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France région in north-central France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Chenoise-Cucharmoy. The inhabitants are called *Chenoisiens*.
The *Château de Chenoise* was the seat of the aristocratic Le Cat d\'Hervilly family. After Louis Charles d\'Hervilly fled France as an émigré, the château was confiscated and sold in 1793, but it was purchased by Adèle de Bellegarde and her sister Aurore, daughters of Louis Charles\' sister Marie Charlotte Adélaïde Le Cat d\'Hervilly
| 91 |
Chenoise
| 0 |
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# Havhingsten fra Glendalough
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| 20 |
Havhingsten fra Glendalough
| 0 |
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# Chenou
**Chenou** (`{{IPA|fr|ʃənu|-|LL-Q150 (fra)-Xenophôn-Chenou.wav}}`{=mediawiki}) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.
## Demographics
The inhabitants are called *Chenouards*
| 26 |
Chenou
| 0 |
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# Confused.com
**Confused.com** is a UK based financial services comparison platform launched in 2001 and specialising in comparison of insurance and financial services, including car insurance, home insurance, energy, van insurance and life insurance. Confused.com\'s platform includes a website and app.
## History
Confused.com launched in 2001, becoming the UK's first car insurance comparison site. Its offices are based in Cardiff, Wales.
Confused.com was part of the Admiral Group plc until its sale to RVU on 30 May 2021.
Confused.com is regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority.
## Management
Confused.com has undergone a high degree of management churn in recent years. At the top level, founding Managing Director Kate Armstrong, an IT consultant originally from Sydney, retired from the business in 2005, following the successful flotation of the Admiral Group. She was succeeded by Deborah Williams who took the reins from 2005 to 2007. The business underwent expansive growth in this period with profit hitting £36 million in 2007. It was with some degree of surprise therefore that the industry received news of Williams\' departure to join a relatively unknown insurance broker. Williams was succeeded by Carlton Hood in the newly created position of CEO. The sector was shaken up by the ground breaking Compare the Market campaign in 2009; Confused.com, along with other established competitors, lost market share. Hood resigned abruptly in 2010 and was succeeded by Group FD Kevin Chidwick as an interim measure.
Chidwick remained in place until January 2012, and was succeeded by Admiral Group senior manager Nic Weng Kan followed by Martin Coriat. Coriat was MD of Admiral-owned French comparison site LeLynx.fr until he took up the position of Confused.com CEO in October 2013.
In August 2012, Joby Russell stepped into the role of Marketing Director. After overseeing the launch of the \'Brian the Robot\' campaign and later toy promotions, Russell left the role in May 2015 to take up the role of CMO at online estate agents Purplebricks.com. In late 2015, Paul Troy was appointed the CMO role at Confused.com. Troy had previously worked for Moneysupermarket between 2011 and 2013 where he created the \'You\'re so money supermarket\' campaign.
In September 2017, Louise O\'Shea was appointed as CEO of Confused.com taking over from Martin Coriat who himself was appointed as chief executive of Admiral-owned French comparison website LeLynx. O\'Shea was promoted to the CEO position from her role as finance director at Confused.com.
In May 2018, Confused.com announced the appointment of Sam Day as chief marketing officer, replacing Troy.
In March 2023, Steve Dukes was appointed as the CEO of Confused.com as Louise O\'Shea stepped down from the role after almost 6 years. Dukes joined Confused.com as the company's first Chief Operating Officer in 2019. Before joining Confused.com, Dukes served in product leadership and general management roles in high growth companies within the financial services and eCommerce sectors. This included serving as CEO at Commuter Club, where he oversaw a period of key transformation within the company.
| 493 |
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# Confused.com
## Advertising
In early years, Confused.com achieved success with a simple, repetitive direct response advertising format, in which a man described what Confused.com was offering, with a slightly different variant being used from 2003 until 2005. This led to the longest running of Confused.com's campaigns, starting from 2005 until 2008, featuring simple cardboard props on a white background, later with people saying they were \"Confused.com\" by the depicted marketplace. In later years as competitors Moneysupermarket.com, Go.Compare and Comparethemarket.com have entered the market, Confused.com has tried numerous different advertising vehicles. None have emulated the success of the initial campaign and Confused.com has slipped from the position of market leader to being the fourth largest car insurance comparison website in the UK. The popularity of the company\'s slogan \'Confused.com\' rose to prominence after the success of the 2002 campaign. A 2002 study by Webster showed that the slogan was the third most used phrase of the year behind \'Hey you\' and \'Naughty Soldier\'.
Later adverts, starting around the year of 2009, contained real life testimonials, featured customers and prolific social media users talking about their experiences while using the website, as well as showcasing the website's simplicity by explaining how it works.
Adverts in early 2010 focused on the concept of regret and featured members of the public lamenting that they could have purchased something they wanted if they had purchased their car insurance through Confused.com.
In September 2010, Confused.com introduced the character of \"Cara Confused\" a wild-haired animated version of the original company mascot that was present on the former Confused.com logo. The inspiration for the creation of Cara came from Kate Armstrong, the founder and former managing director of Confused.com. The campaign used the tagline, \"it pays to be Confused.com\". In February 2011 an advert started featuring Cara (voiced by West End star Louise Dearman) singing the Diana Ross track \"Chain Reaction\". Marketing Director Mike Hoban claimed that this campaign gained Confused.com 2 million customers since launch.
On 1 June 2013, a campaign launched featuring a robot named Brian, depicted as being on a mission to help people to \"save pounds\". On 24 December 2014, an advert was launched where scrap dealers kidnap Brian. Instead of melting him down straight away, they leave him hanging through the night on a magnet. However, his robot friends at headquarters receive his distress call and go to help him. A couple of weeks later the succeeding advert shows the same five co-robots, known as the Herberts (Chief Herbert, Miss Herbert, Stunt Herbert, Clever Herbert and Baby Herbert), go to help Brian. They stop the incinerator at the last moment, saving Brian and continuing the \'Brian\' advertising campaigns after they repair him in March 2015. In August 2015, an advert was launched featuring Brian and the Herberts dancing to \"Jump on It!\" promoting the then brand new Brian toy available by buying insurance through Confused.com. In early 2016, two more toys were launched, Miss Herbert and Stunt Herbert, with a corresponding campaign showing both characters competing with each other to promote their respective toys.
On 1 August 2016, the adverts featuring the Robots were scrapped in favour of a new advertisement featuring James Corden.
On 17 August 2018, following a run of five adverts, James Corden was replaced in favour of a new direction and new frontman Timothy Murphy. The advert features Murphy driving a car through a busy mass of confusing messaging and advertising before ending with Murphy driving down a clear road. This advert and all subsequent adverts featured Link Wray\'s Rumble.
The ads parody the songs like \"Y.M.C.A.\" by Village People and \"Chained Reaction\" by Diana Ross.
## Sponsorship
Confused.com has sponsored programmes on ITV such as *Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?* (including the drama series *Quiz*, due to its association with *Millionaire*), *Ninja Warrior UK*, *Sunday Night at the Palladium*, *Celebrity Squares*, *Catchphrase* and *Emmerdale*, and *The Simpsons* on Sky Showcase (formerly Sky One & Sky 1). It also previously sponsored the ITV National Weather. In 2019, along with Land Rover, they were a sponsor of ITV\'s coverage of the 2019 Rugby World Cup
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| 1 |
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# Thomas A. E. Weadock
**Thomas Addis Emmet Weadock** (January 1, 1850 -- November 18, 1938) was a judge and politician from the U.S. state of Michigan.
Weadock was born in Ballygarrett in County Wexford on the island of Ireland (then a part of the U.K.). He immigrated to the United States in infancy with his parents, Lewis Weadock and Mary (Cullen) Weadock, who settled on a farm near St. Marys, Ohio. He was educated in the common schools and the Union School at St. Marys and taught school in the counties of Auglaize, Shelby, and Miami for five years. His brother, George W. Weadock, was a mayor of Saginaw and the father and grandfather of state senators.
## Education and career {#education_and_career}
Weadock graduated from the law department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in March 1873 and was admitted to the bar the same year commencing practice in Bay City. The following year, he married Mary E. Tarsney a sister of two U.S. Representatives: Timothy E. Tarsney of Michigan and John Charles Tarsney of Missouri.
Weadock served in the State militia 1874-1877; was prosecuting attorney of Bay County in 1877 and 1878; chairman of the Democratic State conventions in 1883 and 1894; mayor of Bay City 1883-1885; and member of the board of education of Bay City in 1884. His first wife, Mary, died in 1889. Later, in 1893, he married Nannie E. Curtiss, who died in 1927.
In 1890, Weadock was elected as a Democrat from Michigan\'s 10th congressional district to the 52nd Congress and was re-elected in 1892 to the 53rd Congress, serving from March 4, 1891 to March 3, 1895. He was chairman of the Committee on Mines and Mining during the 53rd Congress. He declined to be a candidate for reelection in 1894, but was a delegate at large to the 1896 Democratic National Convention.
After leaving Congress, Weadock resumed the practice of law in Bay City, and later moved to Detroit continuing to practice. He was an unsuccessful Democratic candidate for judge of the Michigan Supreme Court in 1904. Eight years later, he was appointed a professor of law at the University of Detroit in 1912. Six years later in 1933, he was appointed an associate justice of the state supreme court.
Thomas A. E. Weadock was also a member of the American Bar Association and the Ancient Order of Hibernians. He died in Detroit at the age of eighty-eight and is interred in St. Patrick\'s Cemetery of Bay City
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# Nebraska Highway 67
**Nebraska Highway 67** is a highway in southeastern Nebraska. Its southern terminus is at an intersection with U.S. Highway 73 near Verdon. Its northern terminus is at an intersection with U.S. Highway 34 near Nehawka. The segment between Nebraska Highway 2 and US 34 is one of four segments of road in the Nebraska highway system which is gravel.
## Route description {#route_description}
Nebraska Highway 67 begins at U.S. Highway 73 east of Verdon and proceeds north into farmland. The road meets Nebraska Highway 62 near Shubert and Nebraska Spur 64E, the highway to Indian Cave State Park. It continues north through Nemaha and meets U.S. Highway 136 near Brownville. It turns west there with US 136 and after 3 mi, turns north towards Peru. Near Peru, it turns westward, meets Nebraska Spur 64G, which runs into Peru, home of Peru State College, and continues west until it meets U.S. Highway 75. After a one-mile (1.6 km) concurrency going northward, it continues west, runs through Brock, and meets Nebraska Highway 105. At its intersection with NE 105, it turns north until it meets Nebraska Highway 128. It turns west at NE 128, goes through Lorton and continues north. It runs through Dunbar and meets Nebraska Highway 2 on the north edge of Dunbar. It continues north from there as a gravel road and eventually ends at U.S. Highway 34 southwest of Nehawka
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# Château de Chalmazel
The **Château de Chalmazel**, or **Château des Talaru** is a castle situated in the *commune* of Chalmazel, in the Loire *département* of France. It is located in the Haut-Forez, between the towns of Saint-Étienne and Thiers. Its name in medieval times was *Saint-Jehan-des-Neiges*. The castle dominates the valley of the Lignon and it was built to be an impregnable fortress on the instructions of the Count of Forez.
## History
Construction of the fortress began in 1231. The work was carried out by *seigneur* (Lord) Arnaud de Marcilly to the order of Guy IV du Forez who financed it. The site was covered by forest and almost inaccessible. Initially, it functioned rather as a fortified house, but it was transformed into a genuine medieval fortress, intended to counteract the ambitions of the powerful neighbours of the seigneurie of Couzan, then in the hands of the Damas family, linked to the Germanic emperor.
The castle appeared gloomy and severe, with four round towers dominated by a square keep, with no openings on the sides.
When Antoine de Marcilly died aged 25 with no direct heirs in 1371, the castle passed to his sister Béatrix, last of the Marcilly line. She had married Mathieu de Talaru in 1364; thus the seigneurie of Chalmazel passed to the Talarus, an old noble family from the Lyonnais.
Following the destruction of the Château de Marcilly, the Talarus withdrew to the castle at Chamazel and, in 1400, they built the ramparts, in the form of a pentagonal *enceinte* and added machicolations to the keep. After the incorporation of Forez into the Kingdom of France, the Talarus served the king in his armies.
During the Renaissance, the Marquis de Talaru, returning from the Italian Wars, added Renaissance style embellishments: openwork facade, galleries to the inner court, painting in the chapel, sculptures.
But the winters were harsh, and from 1533, the Talarus preferred to live in their Château d\'Écotay or in Saint-Marcel-de-Félines, acquired by marriage in 1559. Chalmazel was transformed into a summer residence and began to be neglected.
In the 18th century, the Talarus inherited by marriage the Château de Chamarande, near Arpajon, to the south of Paris, and they moved there to be closer to Versailles where Louis de Talaru held important posts in the royal court and the army. They abandoned the castle in 1650, carrying out only the most urgent work. The castle began a slow but sure deterioration.
In 1850, Louis-Justin, last Marquis of Talaru, 25th lord of Chalmazel, peer of France and ambassador, with no heirs, left the castle and the forest to the nuns of the Sœurs de Saint-Joseph, in order to establish a hospital for the *canton* for the care of the sick.
The nuns carried out some repair work (roof, round walk, rebuilding a tower) and decoration. Later, they transformed it into a boarding school for children from the school at Chamazel.
The nuns finally left the castle in 1972 and rented it to the *commune*, on the condition that it was maintained and opened to the public during the summer months.
The castle is now owned by new proprietors who intend to open it to visitors and to create *chambres d\'hôtes* (bed and breakfast accommodation).
## Tourism
The castle, with its medieval aspect, has kept the elements of a fortified house from the year 1231, but with all of the later modifications and additions by the Talarus over the centuries: murder-holes, walls, keep, round walk with machicolations - but it also has Renaissance elements: the facade, the inner courtyard, galleries and chapel.
The castle is open to visitors from June to September. It is possible to rent rooms and a suite.
The Château de Chalmazel is listed as a *monument historique* by the French Ministry of Culture
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# William Parker Hudson
**William Parker Hudson** (February 13, 1841 -- November 21, 1912) was an Ontario businessman and political figure. He represented Hastings East in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1883 to 1894 as a Conservative member.
He was born in Thurlow Township, Hastings County, Upper Canada in 1841, the son of Charles Hudson, a blacksmith. Hudson apprenticed with his father and went on to manufacture carriages. In 1866, he married Jane Fargay, the daughter of a local farmer. He served as treasurer and deputy reeve for the township. He died in 1912
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# Slovak Central Mountains
The **Slovak Central Mountains** (*Slovenské stredohorie*) are a group of mountain ranges in southern central Slovakia. The town of Zvolen lies roughly in the centre of the mountains.
The Slovak Central Mountains are a part of the Inner Western Carpathians. They are bordered by the Fatra-Tatra Area to the northwest and north, Slovak Ore Mountains (*Slovenské rudohorie*) to the east, Southern Slovak Basin (*Juhoslovenská kotlina*) to the south and by the Pannonian Plain to the southwest.
The Slovak Central Mountains are divided into the following subdivisions:
- Vtacnik Mountains
- Pohronský Inovec
- Štiavnica Mountains
- Kremnica Mountains
- Poľana
- Ostrôžky
- Javorie
- Krupina Plain
- Zvolen Basin
- Pliešovce Basin (*Pliešovská kotlina*)
- Žiar Basin
The highest mountain is Poľana at 1,458 m
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# Narail
**Narail** is a city in the Khulna division of southwestern Bangladesh. It is the district headquarters of Narail District. Narail municipality was established in 1972.
## Demographics
In 2011, Narail city had 9,945 households and a population of 42,299. 7,916 (18.7%) were under 10 years of age. Narail had a sex ratio of 982 females per 1,000 males and a literacy rate of 81.7%
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| 0 |
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# Electoral district of Durham
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| 25 |
Electoral district of Durham
| 0 |
10,120,405 |
# 2007 Belgian Grand Prix
thumb\|upright=1.5\|right\|The race winner, Ferrari\'s Kimi Räikkönen. The **2007 Belgian Grand Prix** (officially the **2007 Formula 1 ING Belgian Grand Prix**) was the fourteenth race of the 2007 FIA Formula One World Championship, returning to the Formula One calendar after a year\'s absence. It was held on 16 September at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, near the village of Francorchamps, Wallonia, Belgium.
## Report
### Background
Going into the race, McLaren driver Lewis Hamilton led the Drivers\' Championship by three points from teammate Fernando Alonso and Scuderia Ferrari led the Constructors\' Championship by 57 points from BMW Sauber after the exclusion of McLaren from the Constructors\' Championship following the Ferrari/McLaren spy saga. Otherwise McLaren would have been leading the Championship.
The race also marked the 100th race start for Australian Red Bull Racing driver Mark Webber.
### Practice
Ferrari tried the new traffic light system for the first time.
### Qualifying
The usual drivers were eliminated in the first qualifying session---Adrian Sutil and Sakon Yamamoto went out in the Spykers along with Takuma Sato and Anthony Davidson in the Super Aguris, Rubens Barrichello in the Honda and Sebastian Vettel in the Toro Rosso.
The second qualifying session was unusual as six drivers in six different cars were eliminated---Alexander Wurz of Williams, Vitantonio Liuzzi of Toro Rosso, Jenson Button of Honda, David Coulthard of Red Bull Racing. Giancarlo Fisichella of Renault and Ralf Schumacher of Toyota. Fisichella was later relegated right to the back of the grid after changing his engine after qualifying.
This left seven different teams in the top 10. Heikki Kovalainen qualified tenth for Renault, just behind Jarno Trulli in the Toyota. Ahead of them were Mark Webber\'s Red Bull and Nick Heidfeld in the BMW Sauber. Nico Rosberg did very well in the Williams to qualify on row 3 alongside Robert Kubica in the second BMW Sauber. However, the Pole was given a ten place grid drop for an engine change. Once again, McLaren and Ferrari occupied the top four places. Fernando Alonso pipped McLaren teammate Lewis Hamilton to 3rd place, but Ferrari dominated, with Kimi Räikkönen beating Felipe Massa to get his 14th career pole and lock out the front row for the Italian team.
Due to FIA rules about the order in which penalties are applied, Kubica\'s penalty was applied first. This left him 15th and behind Fisichella. Then the Italian\'s penalty was applied, so Kubica ended up 14th. This meant Coulthard, Button and Liuzzi all gained two places as both drivers had been ahead of them.
### Race
The order from the start remained fairly unchanged with the Ferraris of Kimi Räikkönen and Felipe Massa led away from Fernando Alonso and Lewis Hamilton, although there was a lot of pushing between the McLarens as Hamilton attempted to pass around the outside of turn one, but Alonso pushed him wide onto the tarmac on the outside of the corner.
Giancarlo Fisichella\'s Renault suffered a suspension failure on lap 2, making him the first retirement of the race. He had been running last. Also on lap 2, Alexander Wurz spun in the Williams, slipping to the back of the field.
Sebastian Vettel soon suffered a handling problem, probably caused by a collision, which eliminated his Toro Rosso from the race on lap 9.
Massa briefly took the lead on lap 16, but Räikkönen reclaimed it a lap later after his pitstop.
David Coulthard suffered a hydraulic failure in his Red Bull on lap 30. He was quickly followed with a fuel pressure problem for Wurz, who was still last, on lap 35, and the Honda of Jenson Button, which dropped out on lap 37 with another hydraulic failure.
Massa once again led for just one lap during Räikkönen\'s second stop, but he retook it the following lap.
Räikkönen finally came home to win from Massa, clinching the World Constructors Championship for Ferrari. Alonso, Hamilton, Nick Heidfeld in the BMW Sauber, Nico Rosberg\'s Williams, Mark Webber in the Red Bull and Heikki Kovalainen\'s Renault rounded up the top eight. The only changes from the starting top eight were Heidfeld and Rosberg swapping places and Kovalainen passing Jarno Trulli\'s Toyota to take eighth.
The race was overshadowed by the death of former World Rally Champion Colin McRae in a helicopter crash during Saturday\'s qualifying.
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# 2007 Belgian Grand Prix
## Classification
### Qualifying {#qualifying_1}
Driver Constructor Q1 Q2 Q3
--------- ---- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 6 Kimi Räikkönen Ferrari 1:46.242 **1:45.070** **1:45.994** 1
2 5 Felipe Massa Ferrari 1:46.060 1:45.173 1:46.011 2
3 1 Fernando Alonso align=\"center\" nowrap\|McLaren-Mercedes **1:46.058** 1:45.442 1:46.091 3
4 2 Lewis Hamilton McLaren-Mercedes 1:46.437 1:45.132 1:46.406 4
5 10 Robert Kubica BMW Sauber 1:46.707 1:45.885 1:46.996 14`{{ref|1|1}}`{=mediawiki}
6 16 Nico Rosberg Williams-Toyota 1:46.950 1:46.469 1:47.334 5
7 9 Nick Heidfeld BMW Sauber 1:46.923 1:45.994 1:47.409 6
8 15 Mark Webber Red Bull-Renault 1:47.084 1:46.426 1:47.524 7
9 12 Jarno Trulli Toyota 1:47.143 1:46.480 1:47.798 8
10 4 Heikki Kovalainen Renault 1:46.971 1:46.240 1:48.505 9
11 3 align=\"center\" nowrap\|`{{flagicon|Italy}}`{=mediawiki} Giancarlo Fisichella Renault 1:47.143 1:46.603 PL`{{ref|2|2}}`{=mediawiki}`{{sup|,}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ref|3|3}}`{=mediawiki}
12 11 Ralf Schumacher Toyota 1:47.300 1:46.618 10
13 14 David Coulthard Red Bull-Renault 1:47.340 1:46.800 11
14 7 Jenson Button Honda 1:47.474 1:46.955 12
15 18 Vitantonio Liuzzi Toro Rosso-Ferrari 1:47.576 1:47.115 13
16 17 Alexander Wurz Williams-Toyota 1:47.522 1:47.394 15
17 19 Sebastian Vettel Toro Rosso-Ferrari 1:47.581 16
18 8 Rubens Barrichello Honda 1:47.954 17
19 22 Takuma Sato Super Aguri-Honda 1:47.980 18
20 20 Adrian Sutil Spyker-Ferrari 1:48.044 19
21 23 Anthony Davidson Super Aguri-Honda 1:48.199 PL`{{ref|4|4}}`{=mediawiki}
22 21 Sakon Yamamoto Spyker-Ferrari 1:49.557 21
Source:
Notes
- -- Robert Kubica dropped ten places for engine change.
- -- Giancarlo Fisichella started at the back of the grid for an engine change after qualifying.
- -- Giancarlo Fisichella \"\...elected to start from the pits with a lower-downforce set-up to try and enhance his chance of making up places.\"
- -- Anthony Davidson \"\...started from the pit lane after experiencing a front-end problem on the grid out-lap.\"
### Race {#race_1}
Driver Constructor Laps Time/Retired Grid Points
--------- ---- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ ------ ----------------------------------------- ------ --------
1 6 **Kimi Räikkönen** **Ferrari** 44 1:20:39.066 1 **10**
2 5 **Felipe Massa** **Ferrari** 44 +4.695 2 **8**
3 1 **Fernando Alonso** align=\"center\" nowrap\| **McLaren-Mercedes** 44 +14.343 3 **6**
4 2 **Lewis Hamilton** **McLaren-Mercedes** 44 +23.615 4 **5**
5 9 **Nick Heidfeld** **BMW Sauber** 44 +51.879 6 **4**
6 16 **Nico Rosberg** **Williams-Toyota** 44 +1:16.876 5 **3**
7 15 **Mark Webber** **Red Bull-Renault** 44 +1:20.639 7 **2**
8 4 **Heikki Kovalainen** **Renault** 44 +1:25.106 9 **1**
9 10 Robert Kubica BMW Sauber 44 +1:25.661 14
10 11 Ralf Schumacher Toyota 44 +1:28.574 10
11 12 Jarno Trulli Toyota 44 +1:43.653 8
12 18 Vitantonio Liuzzi Toro Rosso-Ferrari 43 +1 Lap 13
13 8 Rubens Barrichello Honda 43 +1 Lap 17
14 20 Adrian Sutil Spyker-Ferrari 43 +1 Lap 19
15 22 Takuma Sato Super Aguri-Honda 43 +1 Lap 18
16 23 Anthony Davidson Super Aguri-Honda 43 +1 Lap 20
17 21 Sakon Yamamoto Spyker-Ferrari 43 +1 Lap 21
Ret 7 Jenson Button Honda 36 Hydraulics 12
Ret 17 Alexander Wurz Williams-Toyota 34 align=\"center\" nowrap\| Fuel pressure 15
Ret 14 David Coulthard Red Bull-Renault 29 Hydraulics 11
Ret 19 Sebastian Vettel Toro Rosso-Ferrari 8 Steering 16
Ret 3 align=\"center\" nowrap\| `{{flagicon|Italy}}`{=mediawiki} Giancarlo Fisichella Renault 1 Suspension 22
Source:
| 510 |
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10,120,405 |
# 2007 Belgian Grand Prix
## Championship standings after the race {#championship_standings_after_the_race}
Drivers\' Championship standings
+/-- Driver Points
---------- --- ----------------------- --------
1 **Lewis Hamilton\*** 97
2 **Fernando Alonso\*** 95
3 **Kimi Räikkönen\*** 84
4 **Felipe Massa\*** 77
5 Nick Heidfeld 56
Source:
Constructors\' Championship standings
+/-- Constructor Points
---------- --- ------------------ --------
1 1 **Ferrari\*** 161
1 2 BMW Sauber 90
1 3 Renault 39
1 4 Williams-Toyota 28
1 5 Red Bull-Renault 18
Source:
- **Note**: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
- **Bold text** and an asterisk indicates competitors who still had a theoretical chance of becoming World Champion
| 108 |
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| 2 |
10,120,429 |
# Tom Spencer (cricketer)
**Thomas William Spencer** `{{post-nominals|OBE}}`{=mediawiki} (22 March 1914 -- 1 November 1995) was an English first-class sportsman who played first-class cricket for Kent County Cricket Club and association football for Lincoln City in the Football League. He was later a notable cricket umpire who stood in 17 Test matches and six One Day Internationals.
## Cricket career {#cricket_career}
### Playing
Spencer played 76 matches for Kent either side of World War II as an attacking batsman. His batting average was 20.11, he took one wicket for 19 runs from the five overs he bowled, and took 36 catches. Although Spencer won his County cap, his career was disrupted by World War II in which he served in the Royal Air Force.
### Umpiring
At the suggestion of Frank Chester, Spencer joined the first-class umpire\'s list in 1950 and was appointed to his first Test in 1954. For reasons he never understood he had to wait 15 years before he was asked again. Years later he claimed to have been \"a bit disgusted,\" but that he \"was determined to plod on and become a bloody good county umpire.\" Spencer eventually stood in 17 Test matches, the last in 1978, and six One Day Internationals, including the first ODI at Lord\'s in 1972 and the first World Cup final in 1975. For the last 20 years until his retirement in 1980 he travelled to matches by train rather than car which he said allowed him to rest his eyes between appointments. In all, Spencer stood in a record 570 County Championship matches and 701 first-class fixtures, a total second only to Chester.
## Football career {#football_career}
Spencer was with his local club Hastings & St Leonards until September 1933 after which he had a short spell with Bexhill of the Sussex County League. He moved on to Southern League club Tunbridge Wells Rangers and then in July 1936 was signed by Second Division Club Fulham, but he did not make any league appearances for them. In November 1936 Spencer joined Lincoln City of Division 3 North and played in four league matches scoring one goal which he scored on 25 December 1936 against Rotherham United. From the 1937--38 season he returned to playing non-league football in the Kent League, firstly for a season with Ashford and then for the 1938--39 season with Sittingbourne.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Spencer was a natural sportsman. He claimed to have played four sports professionally, the other two being table tennis and boxing. After retiring from cricket he moved into professional coaching at Wrekin School and for many years he spent the northern winter coaching at St. Patrick\'s Christian Brothers\' College, Kimberley in South Africa.
Spencer was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1976 Birthday Honours.
In later life he lived for many years in the North East. During June 1981 he wrote a series of historic career articles in the Newcastle based Sunday Sun newspaper. His death in 1995 was reported in his local media, but overlooked in the wider cricketing world. His obituary did not appear in *Wisden* or *The Cricketer* until 2003
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# 2007 Italian Grand Prix
The **2007 Italian Grand Prix** (officially the **Formula 1 Gran Premio d\'Italia 2007**) was a Formula One motor race held on 9 September 2007 at Autodromo Nazionale di Monza, Italy. It was the thirteenth race of the 2007 FIA Formula One World Championship.
Going into the race, McLaren\'s Lewis Hamilton held a 5-point lead over team-mate Fernando Alonso in the Drivers\' Championship, whilst McLaren held an 11-point lead over Ferrari in the Constructors\' Championship. Ferrari were expected to do well at home after a one-two finish in the Turkish GP and Michael Schumacher\'s victory at Monza the previous year. However, McLaren dominated the traditional test session prior to the Grand Prix, with Alonso topping the time sheets on two of the four days and Hamilton and Pedro de la Rosa fastest on the other days.
Fernando Alonso took his fourth win of the season, leading home the fourth one-two finish of the season for McLaren as Lewis Hamilton finished second. It was McLaren\'s eighth victory at Monza and Mercedes\' fourth, while Alonso became the first Spaniard to win the Italian Grand Prix. It turned out to be his last win for McLaren, and McLaren\'s last 1-2 finish until the 2010 Chinese Grand Prix.
## Report
### Qualifying
The two Spykers of Adrian Sutil and Sakon Yamamoto were both eliminated in Q1, along with Vitantonio Liuzzi in the Toro Rosso, Takuma Sato of Super Aguri, and, surprisingly, the Toyota of Ralf Schumacher and David Coulthard\'s Red Bull.
In the second session, both the Toro Rosso of Sebastian Vettel and Anthony Davidson\'s Super Aguri, who had done very well to make the session, were eliminated. So were Giancarlo Fisichella in the Renault, Alexander Wurz of Williams, the Honda of Rubens Barrichello and Coulthard\'s Red Bull teammate Mark Webber.
Jenson Button had done excellently to put the Honda in the top 10, and he qualified tenth, on the fifth row with Jarno Trulli\'s Toyota. Nico Rosberg qualified his Williams eighth, alongside the second Renault of Heikki Kovalainen, who had put in a brilliant performance. Robert Kubica took 6th in the BMW Sauber, while his teammate Nick Heidfeld broke the domination of the top 4 by McLaren and Ferrari, beating the Scuderia\'s Kimi Räikkönen to 4th. However, it was service as normal at the very front, with Räikkönen\'s teammate Felipe Massa taking 3rd, and the two McLarens of Lewis Hamilton and Fernando Alonso locking out the front row, with the Spaniard just pipping his younger teammate to pole by 0.037 of a second.
| 424 |
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# 2007 Italian Grand Prix
## Report
### Race
The top three held station from the start, but Kimi Räikkönen\'s Ferrari jumped Nick Heidfeld in the BMW Sauber and moved into fourth. Jarno Trulli was a big loser in the Toyota, slipping from 9th to 13th, while the big winner was David Coulthard, who went from 20th to 15th in the Red Bull.
On lap 2, however, Coulthard crashed at Curva Grande, completely negating the influence of his brilliant start and with his car in a dangerous position the crash forced the safety car to be deployed. This allowed the Super Aguri of Anthony Davidson up into 15th.
The race\'s only other retirement was Räikkönen\'s teammate Felipe Massa, who retired with a suspension failure on lap 11 after running in third place. This allowed the Finn to move into third and Nico Rosberg to move into the points in his Williams.
Lewis Hamilton, running second in the McLaren, had flat-spotted his tyres earlier in the race and complained about vibration, raising fears that it might lead to a puncture similar to what happened previously in Turkey, so the team decided to play it safe and pit slightly earlier than scheduled, on lap 18, dropping Hamilton down to 6th place, behind Räikkönen, the two BMW Saubers of Heidfeld and Robert Kubica, and Heikki Kovalainen\'s Renault. Räikkönen then took the lead as Hamilton\'s teammate Fernando Alonso pitted from the lead on lap 20.
Hamilton moved back to third place, behind Räikkönen and Alonso, after the two BMW Saubers and Kovalainen pitted, but as the Ferrari driver emerged from his pitstop, Hamilton was still behind. With the extra grip provided by the softer tyres, Hamilton made a move down the inside of turn one to recover second place from Räikkönen, who didn\'t defend as he had the harder compound tyres and was still suffering from the neck injury he got during his practice accident. Alonso retained the lead.
There were no further changes at the front, and Alonso led home by six seconds from Hamilton, with Räikkönen completing the podium. Heidfeld finished in fourth just four seconds ahead of his teammate Kubica, with Rosberg still in close contention in sixth. Kovalainen was seventh, and Jenson Button rounded out the points in a rare foray into the points paying positions for the Honda team.
| 390 |
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| 1 |
10,120,433 |
# 2007 Italian Grand Prix
## Classification
### Qualifying {#qualifying_1}
Driver Constructor Q1 Q2 Q3
--------- ---- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- ----
1 1 Fernando Alonso align=\"center\" nowrap\|McLaren-Mercedes **1:21.718** **1:21.356** **1:21.997** 1
2 2 Lewis Hamilton McLaren-Mercedes 1:21.956 1:21.746 1:22.034 2
3 5 Felipe Massa Ferrari 1:22.309 1:21.993 1:22.549 3
4 9 Nick Heidfeld BMW Sauber 1:23.107 1:22.466 1:23.174 4
5 6 Kimi Räikkönen Ferrari 1:22.673 1:22.369 1:23.183 5
6 10 Robert Kubica BMW Sauber 1:23.088 1:22.400 1:23.446 6
7 4 Heikki Kovalainen Renault 1:23.505 1:23.134 1:24.102 7
8 16 Nico Rosberg Williams-Toyota 1:23.333 1:22.748 1:24.382 8
9 12 Jarno Trulli Toyota 1:23.724 1:23.107 1:24.555 9
10 7 Jenson Button Honda 1:23.639 1:23.021 1:25.165 10
11 15 Mark Webber Red Bull-Renault 1:23.575 1:23.166 11
12 8 Rubens Barrichello Honda 1:23.474 1:23.176 12
13 17 Alexander Wurz Williams-Toyota 1:23.739 1:23.209 13
14 23 Anthony Davidson Super Aguri-Honda 1:23.646 1:23.274 14
15 3 align=\"center\" nowrap\|`{{Flagicon|Italy}}`{=mediawiki} Giancarlo Fisichella Renault 1:23.559 1:23.325 15
16 19 Sebastian Vettel Toro Rosso-Ferrari 1:23.578 1:23.351 16
17 22 Takuma Sato Super Aguri-Honda 1:23.749 17
18 11 Ralf Schumacher Toyota 1:23.787 18
19 18 Vitantonio Liuzzi Toro Rosso-Ferrari 1:23.886 19
20 14 David Coulthard Red Bull-Renault 1:24.019 20
21 20 Adrian Sutil Spyker-Ferrari 1:24.699 21
22 21 Sakon Yamamoto Spyker-Ferrari 1:25.084 22
Source:
### Race {#race_1}
Driver Constructor Laps Time/Retired Grid Points
----- ---- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ ------ -------------- ------ --------
1 1 **Fernando Alonso** align=\"center\" nowrap\| **McLaren-Mercedes** 53 1:18:37.806 1 **10**
2 2 **Lewis Hamilton** **McLaren-Mercedes** 53 +6.062 2 **8**
3 6 **Kimi Räikkönen** **Ferrari** 53 +27.325 5 **6**
4 9 **Nick Heidfeld** **BMW Sauber** 53 +56.562 4 **5**
5 10 **Robert Kubica** **BMW Sauber** 53 +1:00.558 6 **4**
6 16 **Nico Rosberg** **Williams-Toyota** 53 +1:05.810 8 **3**
7 4 **Heikki Kovalainen** **Renault** 53 +1:06.751 7 **2**
8 7 **Jenson Button** **Honda** 53 +1:12.168 10 **1**
9 15 Mark Webber Red Bull-Renault 53 +1:15.879 11
10 8 Rubens Barrichello Honda 53 +1:16.958 12
11 12 Jarno Trulli Toyota 53 +1:17.736 9
12 3 align=\"center\" nowrap\| `{{Flagicon|Italy}}`{=mediawiki} Giancarlo Fisichella Renault 52 +1 lap 15
13 17 Alexander Wurz Williams-Toyota 52 +1 lap 13
14 23 Anthony Davidson Super Aguri-Honda 52 +1 lap 14
15 11 Ralf Schumacher Toyota 52 +1 lap 18
16 22 Takuma Sato Super Aguri-Honda 52 +1 lap 17
17 18 Vitantonio Liuzzi Toro Rosso-Ferrari 52 +1 lap 19
18 19 Sebastian Vettel Toro Rosso-Ferrari 52 +1 lap 16
19 20 Adrian Sutil Spyker-Ferrari 52 +1 lap 21
20 21 Sakon Yamamoto Spyker-Ferrari 52 +1 lap 22
Ret 5 Felipe Massa Ferrari 10 Suspension 3
Ret 14 David Coulthard Red Bull-Renault 1 Accident 20
| 438 |
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| 2 |
10,120,433 |
# 2007 Italian Grand Prix
## Championship standings after the race {#championship_standings_after_the_race}
Drivers\' Championship standings
+/-- Driver Points
--------- --- ----------------------- --------
1 **Lewis Hamilton\*** 92
2 **Fernando Alonso\*** 89
1 3 **Kimi Räikkönen\*** 74
1 4 **Felipe Massa\*** 69
5 **Nick Heidfeld\*** 52
Source:
Constructors\' Championship standings
+/-- Constructor Points
--------- --- ------------------------ --------
1 **McLaren-Mercedes\*** 166
2 **Ferrari\*** 143
3 BMW Sauber 86
4 Renault 38
5 Williams-Toyota 25
Source:
- **Note**: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings. Constructors\' Championship standings accurate as at final declaration of race results. McLaren was subsequently excluded from the championship.
- **Bold text** and an asterisk indicates competitors who still had a theoretical chance of becoming World Champion
| 122 |
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| 3 |
10,120,440 |
# Gregor Manson
**Gregor Manson** is the former Commissioner for the Australian Capital Territory Emergency Services Agency (ACT ESA), an agency of the ACT Department of Justice & Community Safety. The ACT ESA is responsible for the ACT Fire Brigade, ACT Ambulance Service, Rural Fire Service and State Emergency Service. He was appointed to the position in 2006, following the resignation of Peter Dunn
Manson had earlier been an executive director with the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority and prior to that had a background in forestry with the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service regions of the Greater Blue Mountains and the Snowy Region (including Kosciusko National Park)
| 110 |
Gregor Manson
| 0 |
10,120,476 |
# 2007 Canadian Grand Prix
The **2007 Canadian Grand Prix** (formally the **Formula 1 Grand Prix du Canada 2007**) was a Formula One motor race held on 10 June 2007 at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was the sixth race of the 2007 FIA Formula One World Championship.
The race was won by Lewis Hamilton, starting from pole position, in his first season in the top formula. It was Hamilton\'s first of an eventual record breaking `{{f1stat|HAM|wins}}`{=mediawiki} victories in Formula One. Nick Heidfeld finished second and Alexander Wurz was third, making it the first Grand Prix of the 2007 season that drivers from teams other than Ferrari and McLaren achieved podium positions. It was the final podium of Alexander Wurz\'s career and, `{{as of|2024|lc=y}}`{=mediawiki}, the last achieved by an Austrian driver.
The safety car was deployed an unprecedented four times during the course of the race. One of these periods was due to Robert Kubica\'s crash, which resulted in him suffering a sprained ankle and concussion. During the race Felipe Massa and Giancarlo Fisichella were disqualified for exiting the pit lane when the red light was on. Both were black flagged, and it was the last time a black flag was shown until Nico Hülkenberg at the 2024 São Paulo Grand Prix.
## Report
### Background
A test session was held on May 17 and 18 at the Circuit Paul Ricard in France, with the track configured to replicate the characteristics of the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve for the final two days after it had been in the style of the Monaco for the first two. Despite the fact that the McLaren team had dominated on the Monaco set up of the circuit, Ferrari were better on the Canadian set up.
Kimi Räikkönen had the fastest time on the first day, with a time of 1:28.833. Rain after lunch caused the test to be halted, when the test resumed Räikkönen was forced to finish early when his car experienced electronic problems. Scott Speed achieved the second fastest time, two tenths of a second behind Räikkönen, with seven tenths separating the first eight drivers. The Red Bull team focused on testing their suspension. Rubens Barrichello and Christian Klien shared testing for the Honda team over the day, however Klien\'s engine failed on his first lap. James Rossiter in the Super Aguri completed the most laps with 115.
Räikkönen was also the fastest on the second day with a time of 1:28.624, with Renault driver Giancarlo Fisichella ending the day with the second fastest time. Fisichella also completed 111 laps, the second most of the day, behind James Rossiter\'s 131. Pedro de la Rosa was third fastest despite completing fewer laps than other drivers due to his engine failing early in the day. The testing session was stopped twice, when Adrian Sutil\'s and Jenson Button\'s engines failed. Red Bull continued to perform high and low downforce work and BMW performed low and medium downforce work. Fisichella was optimistic about the race after these tests saying \"he had more grip, the brakes were good and the front suspension gave him a better turn-in\".
During the two weeks leading up to the Grand Prix, Räikkönen and Felipe Massa released statements to the press saying they believed that everything would be different in Canada because of the very different conditions---as shown at Paul Ricard. Fernando Alonso believed McLaren had momentum from their win in Monaco, and Martin Whitmarsh said that they were realistic about dominating the race.
| 584 |
2007 Canadian Grand Prix
| 0 |
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