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# 1655 in Ireland
Events from the year **1655 in Ireland**.
## Incumbent
- Lord Protector: Oliver Cromwell
## Events
- July -- Henry Cromwell, son of Oliver, is appointed as major-general of the forces in Ireland and a member of the Irish council of state. After the Lord Deputy, Charles Fleetwood, departs for England in September, Henry Cromwell *de facto* takes over that role also.
## Births
- Approximate date
- Sir Nicholas Acheson, 4th Baronet, politician (d.1701)
- Henry Luttrell, soldier (d.1717) (killed)
- Daniel Roseingrave, organist (d.1727)
## Deaths
- February 16 -- Rory (Roger) O\'Moore, principal organizer of the Irish Rebellion of 1641 (b. c.1620)
- June 16 -- James Hamilton, 3rd Baron Hamilton of Strabane, peer (b
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# Frederik Endert
**Frederik Hendrik Endert** (1891 in Semarang, Java -- 1953 in Bussum, Netherlands) was a Dutch botanist and plant collector.
In 1915, Endert was appointed a Forest Officer in the Dutch East Indies Forest Service. From 1918 he worked closely with the Forest Research Institute at Buitenzorg (now Bogor), Java. In 1925, Endert accompanied a plant collecting expedition to central Borneo (Midden-Oost-Borneo-Expeditie), during which he collected *Nepenthes fusca* and *Nepenthes mollis* for the first time. In 1938 he was stationed at Makassar in southwestern Sulawesi, tasked with the supervision of the forests. In 1941 he was appointed Secretary of the Committee for Economic Plants. In May 1949, Endert returned to the Forest Research Institute at Buitenzorg to compile information on Indonesian timber varieties. He retired in 1952, and travelled to the Netherlands in July of the same year. Endert died in 1953 in Bussum, North Holland.
A number of plants from the Malay Archipelago are named after him, including the tree genus *Endertia*
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# Sint Pieter
**Sint Pieter** (Saint Peter) is a neighbourhood in the city of Maastricht, in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is located on the western bank of the river Meuse, in the south of the city, and borders Belgium (both Flanders and Wallonia). It is a relatively affluent neighbourhood.
Sint Pieter used to be a separate village, and was also a separate municipality until it merged with Maastricht in 1920. The municipality covered the village of Sint Pieter and the hill Sint-Pietersberg
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# Thérèse Bentzon
**Marie-Thérèse Blanc**, better known by the pseudonym **Thérèse Bentzon** (21 September 1840 -- 1907), was a French journalist, essayist and novelist, for many years on the staff of the *Revue des Deux Mondes*. She was born at Seine-Port, Seine-et-Marne, a small village near Paris, traveled widely in the United States, and wrote of American literature and social conditions.
## Childhood
Marie-Thérèse was the daughter of Edward von Solms, consul of Württemberg in Paris, and Olympe Adrienne Bentzon. She was born in the family house, owned by her grandparents. She had a brother, of whom we know nothing. Her grandmother, a woman she never mentions in her letters except to say she was a \"witty and sound Parisian\" was at that time remarried to the Marquis de Vitry, an old French aristocrat, born before the French Revolution, who used to tell her stories about this era.
Although her biological maternal grandfather died when her mother was very young, she mentions in her letters to Theodore Stanton that she was raised with an admiration for this unknown grandfather, Major Adrian Benjamin Bentzon, governor of the Danish West Indies from 1816 to 1820. The major, after Denmark lost the Virgin Islands, went on to file a case in the US Supreme Court arguing he should have his sugar cane plantations back. After living in America with his family, Adrian Bentzon went back to Europe, but died later in the Caribbeans. His wife later married the Marquis de Vitry, installed in the small village of Seine-Port.
Marie-Thérèse was in part raised by her grandparents and the new husband of her mother, Count Antoine Cartier D\'Aure, whom her mother had married shortly after her father\'s death (her father was 13 years older than her mother, as her birth certificate demonstrates). At her grandparents\' home she received a cosmopolitan education, learning German and English, owing to her father\'s origin, and having an English nurse. She was taught every day at their house by the village school teacher, and from him learned Greek, Latin and how to write.
She married in 1856 a certain Louis Blanc, but three years later, after she had a son, her husband left her. It isn\'t clear if he died or if they simply divorced, but she mentions in her letters to Stanton that after three years of a long and grieving time, she finally got free. But with this freedom also came the need for money to provide for her son, whose name is unknown (he is mentioned by the Goncourt brothers as the \"son of Madame Blanc\").
After working for different newspapers and magazines, she was introduced by her grandfather, the Count Antoine Cartier d\'Aure, to George Sand, and spent a lot of time at Sand\'s house, in Nohant, helping her with her recording of events happening here. Sand mentions her in her journal. Her grandfather and Sand shared an interest in horses, and he had helped the writer buy some pure-breed race horses. As a thank you she agreed to read a short novel written by his granddaughter, and to present her to the then editor of the *Revue des Deux Mondes*, François Buloz. This was the real beginning of her writing career. As an alias, she took her mother\'s maiden name, and generally was known as \"Théodore Bentzon\" a masculine penname that voluntarily identified her as a man, for a woman writing was not well regarded in the nineteenth century.
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# Thérèse Bentzon
## The *Revue des Deux Mondes* {#the_revue_des_deux_mondes}
At Sand\'s insistence, and helped by Victor Cherbuliez, a reluctant Buloz gave her a job as a literary critic in 1872. She stayed in the magazine up until one year before her death. Thanks to her fluent English, she was appointed to translate and review very important American and English authors, which contributed to build her a solid network in the United States.
Her work at the magazine consisted essentially in writing criticism pertaining to the Anglo-Saxon, German and Russian world. She also published most of her fictional work through the magazine, while developing her friendship with major literary figures of her time. By the time Ferdinand Brunetière was appointed the magazine\'s director, she had become one of its most prominent writers. She lived the best years of the magazine.
In 1893, she was sent by the *Revue des Deux Mondes* in the US to report on women\'s condition there. She left France in the first part of 1893, and from New York City went to Chicago. After spending a couple of months there, she took the train to Boston, where she spent almost a year, with trips to Louisiana and the Midwest. During her stay she went to visit Jane Addams, the founder of Hull House, met Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. just before he died, and saw Jacob Riis on the occasion of a lecture on one of his latest novels.
She also met political, feminist, and abolitionist figures.
At her return from the US, she compiled her articles into a book, a travel journal, published in 1896 by Calmann-Levy. She visited the US again in 1897 for a shorter period. Her travel journal was a best-seller and was printed eight times, in different editions, the latest in 1904.
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# Thérèse Bentzon
## *The Condition of Woman in the United States* {#the_condition_of_woman_in_the_united_states}
First published in 1896, her travel notes were organized around the observations she had made about American women. Her travel notes are not considered to have much novelty as regards her opinions about America, but the subjects she chose (education of and for women, women in society and the charity system in America) make her observations original according to William Chew\'s researches.
One essay was published in the May 1895 issue of McClure\'s Magazine. In \"A Prairie College\" Bentzon wrote of her visit during an eight month period in 1893-1894 to the college town of Galesburg, Illinois where she immersed herself in the town and college culture, paying particular attention to women. Ida Tarbell\'s introduction to the article outlined her purpose: \"to see the American woman in all stages of her development, and in all lights and shades, and to study her present tendencies\... .\" Bentzon made observations on the life of farm women and college women, focusing on the system of co-education at Knox College, and examples of men and women meeting at college and marrying soon after. The daughter of her Galesburg host offered a challenge to Bentzon:
> \"Yes, many marriages are decided at college; is there any harm in it? Would it be better to meet in society, in the midst of frivolity? Do they not become much better acquainted, and in a more interesting way, when they study together for years?\"
Although Bentzon concluded that there were no disadvantages to the system she observed at the prairie college, she concluded it \"would not succeed in a larger city where an incessant moral surveillance could not be exercised, or where religious influences would be less direct, or where there would be temptations, or even distractions.\"
Her book also accords great importance to urban America, giving a thorough portrayal of it.
## Her work {#her_work}
Among her essays are *Littérature et mœurs étrangères* (1882) and *Les nouveaux romanciers américains* (1885). Her novels include:
- *La vocation de Louise* (1873)
- *Sang mêlé* (1875)
- *Un remords* (1878)
- *Yette, histoire d\'une jeune Créole* (1880; 1882)
- *Yvonne* (1881)
- *Tony* (1884), crowned by the French Academy
- *Contes de tous les pays* (1890)
- *Jacqueline* (1893)
- *Une double épreuve* (1896)
- *Au dessus de l\'abime* (1905)
She also wrote *Nouvelle France et Nouvelle Angleterre: Notes de Voyage* (1899); *Choses et gens d\'Amérique*, *Questions Americaines*, and *Femmes d\'Amérique*, and translated works by Dickens, Bret Harte, Ouida, Aldrich, and Mark Twain
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# Slenaken
**Slenaken** (Limburgish: *Sjlennich*) is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg.
Slenaken was a separate municipality until 1982, when it was merged with Wittem.
## History
On a bank of the River Gulp, just to the south of Slenaken, is the \"grinding stone of Slenaken\" (*\"Slijpsteen van Slenaken\"*), a large flint boulder used in the Neolithic period to polish stone axe heads.
The earliest surviving written record of Slenaken dates from 1252. At that time, along with the parish, Slenaken comprised a handful of houses and farmsteads. At some point before 1428 a small chapel was constructed. There is a legend that this was triggered when a shepherd saw one of his sheep kneeling before a \"cross\" in a burning bush. This inspired the villagers to build the little chapel, where they came together each Friday to venerate the Holy Cross. Starting in 1495, the site expanded and became a monastery.
By 1676 the village was part of the (today Belgian) parish of St. Martens-Voeren. In 1793, after a number of conflicts, the St. Remigus church, the current church, was built.
## Geography
### Site
Slenaken is located in the municipality of Gulpen-Wittem in Limburg, and is one of the southernmost villages of the Netherlands, close to the frontier with Belgian Limburg, and along the valley of the Gulp river.
To the north of the village is the Loorberg Hill, with the village of Epen, beyond that, to the northeast. The village of Noorbeek lies to the west of Slenaken, and across the border to the south are the little settlements of Nurop and Teuven. Slenaken itself is ringed by the hamlets of Beutenaken, Heijenrath and Schilberg, which for many purposes are treated as part of Slenaken.
## Impressions
Image:Slenaken-Slenakermolen
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# Whyalla High School
**Whyalla High School** was a high school located in the city of Whyalla in the Australian state of South Australia catering for school years 8--10.
It was the first high school built in Whyalla. It was built by BHP in 1943, as a Technical school for BHP's Whyalla Steelworks apprentices to be educated at. The school catered for year 8 to year 12. There were 113 students who were originally enrolled at the school. In 1965--1966 temporary buildings (portables) were put up to hold the extra students, in 1966 there was 1,284 students at Whyalla Technical High School, in 1965 there was 1,480 students enrolled. Students were sent to Memorial Oval Primary School because there wasn\'t enough room to hold them all at the school. Soon after this Eyre Technical High School was opened as a year 8 to 12 school.
In 1971, the school changed its name from [Whyalla Technical High School](https://collections.slsa.sa.gov.au/resource/B+63659) to Whyalla High School. In the late 1980s, Whyalla High Schools student population was the largest of the three government high schools. However Eyre High Schools numbers had fallen and the school was expected to close. The state government however decided that Eyre High School should stay due to its proximity to the TAFE and UniSA campus. A plan was created where Eyre High School would become the Year 11--12 school, and Stuart and Whyalla High Schools would cater for years 8 to 10. Despite great opposition from the Stuart High and Whyalla High parents and students, the plan went ahead and the last group of year 12 students finished in 1991. In 1991 the Whyalla Secondary College was established and the portable buildings were removed from Whyalla High School.Whyalla, South Australia.
In 1998--2001 the school had record low enrolments, only having around 180 students, in 1998 only 40 students enrolled at Whyalla High School. This brought up the question \"Was Whyalla High School needed?\". There was discussion of the school closing but because of the rise in enrolments the school was saved. Between 2002 and 2007 the school has gone from 180 enrolments to 400. In 2020, the school had 505 students enrolled.
The original school building is listed on the South Australian Heritage Register.
Whyalla High School was officially closed on 17 December 2021 at an official closing ceremony where the school flags were lowered, a time capsule was buried at the front of the school and the front doors at the school entrance locked for the final time. Stuart High School and Edward John Eyre High School also closed, and all three public schools merged to create Whyalla Secondary College. The new merged school opened in 2022, and is located on a new campus on Nicolson Avenue, Whyalla Norrie between the Whyalla campuses of the University of South Australia and TAFE SA.
Whyalla High School 20210401.jpg\|Whyalla High School Whyalla High School Main Building 20210401.jpg\|Main Building Whyalla Secondary College Construction 20210401
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# Vancouver Chinese Music Ensemble
The **Vancouver Chinese Music Ensemble** is an ensemble of traditional Chinese musical instruments based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The ensemble performs both at concerts and at community events. Their music encompasses both traditional Chinese pieces and modern music by composers from around the world.
## History
The Vancouver Chinese Music Ensemble was established in 1989. The classically trained musicians perform on traditional Chinese instruments, including *erhu*, *dizi*, *pipa*, *yangqin*, *guzheng*, and *ruan*. In 1994 the band released an album, *Nine-Fold Heart*, on Ponchee Records. The album contained both traditional Chinese dance music and modern compositions. A second album, *Transplanted Purple Bamboo*, was released in 2000. Their 2005 album *New Frontiers*, received local radio play.
In 2007 the ensemble performed at the Mission Folk Music Festival. In 2016 they participated in the downtown concert at the Vancouver Cherry Blossom Festival. The ensemble performs regularly at the Dr. Sun-Yat Sen Classical Chinese Garden in Vancouver
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# Institute of Cost and Management Accountants of Bangladesh
The **Institute of Cost and Management Accountants of Bangladesh** (**ICMAB**) is an institution dedicated to cost and management accounting education and research in Bangladesh. It is managed as an autonomous professional body under the Ministry of Commerce. As well as education, it is also engaged in regulating and promoting the profession of cost and management accountant in Bangladesh.
## History
In 1972, the institute was re-established in the name of Bangladesh Institute of Industrial Accountants. The government of Bangladesh renamed it as The Institute of Cost and Management Accountants of Bangladesh through promulgation of The Cost and Management Accountants Ordinance 1977 (Ordinance No LIII of 1977).
ICMAB members are known as CMAs with their designatory title ACMA and FCMA. They play leading roles in the accountancy and finance profession in Bangladesh. 30% of members live and work outside of Bangladesh.
## International association {#international_association}
ICMAB is a member of the following international accounting bodies:
- International Federation of Accountants (IFAC)
- Confederation of Asia Pacific Accountants (CAPA)
- South Asian Federation of Accountants (SAFA)
- International Accounting Standard Board (IASB)
## National and international recognition {#national_and_international_recognition}
The ICMAB qualification is recognised by many professional bodies nationally and internationally
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# Beyneu
**Beyneu** (*Beineu*) is a village and the administrative center of Beyneu District in Mangystau Region in western Kazakhstan.
Beyneu began to expand in the 1970s from a village to a city with the discovery of oil in the area. There is a railway station and, further north in Kasura, there is a Chevron oil plant. The gas pipeline of the Central Asia--Center gas pipeline system metering station at Beyneu on the border with Uzbekistan. Trains from Russia to Uzbekistan and Tajikistan pass through it.
## Climate
Beyneu has a highly continental desert climate (Köppen: *BWk*) with very cold winters and very hot summers
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# Stramproy
**Stramproy** (*Rooj*, `{{IPA|li|ˈʀoːj|pron}}`{=mediawiki} is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is located in the municipality of Weert.
## History
The village was first mentioned in 1299 as Stramprode. Stramproy developed in the early Middle Ages on the edge of the Peel region.
The St Willibrordus Church is a three aisled church built between 1922 and 1923 as a replacement of the medieval church. It has a tower on the side with a large needle spire. The tower was built in the 14th century and the spire was added around 1700.
Stramproy was a separate municipality until 1998, when it was merged with Weert.
## Location
Stramproy lies near the Dutch/Belgian border, about five kilometers south of the city limits of Weert. The provincial road N292 runs through the village in a north--south direction and connects to the Belgian N762 at the border, which leads to the city of Maaseik. To the north, between Stramproy and Weert, lies the smaller village of Tungelroy.
## Gallery
<File:Stamproy>, kerk foto4 2011-03-20 13.56.JPG\|Stramproy, church <File:Stramproy> MolenVanNijs 02.jpg\|Windmill Molen van Nijs <File:Tramhalt> Stramproy.jpg\|House Tramhalt <File:Gemeentehuis> Stramproy
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# KJWL
**KJWL** (99.3 FM) is a commercial radio station located in Fresno, California. The station airs a classic hits format and is branded as \"K-Jewel 99.3 FM\". Its studios are located on the Fulton Mall strip in downtown Fresno, while its transmitter is located atop the Golden State County Plaza, also in downtown.
## History
The station signed on the air in 1994 as KJWL with an adult standards music format. The station later evolved towards soft adult contemporary, and then adult album alternative, all under the \"K-Jewel\" branding.
On January 2, 2017, after stunting on New Year\'s Day with a loop of \"Right Now\" by Van Halen (as \"K-Jewel\" moved to KJZN and shifted back to Soft AC), KJWL flipped to Top 40/CHR as \"99.3 Now FM\". On January 5, 2017, KJWL changed its call letters to KJZN. On January 18, 2017, KJZN changed its call letters to KWDO.
On May 23, 2022, it was announced that the KJWL call letters and its classic hits format would return to 99.3 FM on May 30
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# 1741 in Ireland
Events from the year **1741 in Ireland**.
## Incumbent
- Monarch: George II
## Events
- January--April -- Great Irish Famine (1740--1741) at its height.
- June--August -- hot summer. The harvest is improved, but disease encouraged.
- 2 October -- the Bull\'s Head Musical Society opens a Music Hall in Fishamble Street, Dublin.
- 18 November -- the composer George Frideric Handel arrives in Dublin to give a series of concerts.
- Commencement of construction of obelisk and other works on Killiney Hill (overlooking Dublin Bay) by John Mapas to relieve poverty.
- Completion of rebuilding of Powerscourt House in County Wicklow by the architect Richard Cassels.
## Births
- 23 June -- William Trench, 1st Earl of Clancarty, politician and statesman (died 1805).
- 4 October -- Edmond Malone, Shakespeare scholar and literary critic (died 1812).
- 11 October -- James Barry, painter (died 1806).
- Approximate date -- Bryan Higgins, chemist (died 1818)
## Deaths
- 16 March -- Thomas FitzMaurice, 1st Earl of Kerry, politician (born 1668).
- John Ussher, soldier and politician (born 1682)
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# Derrick Rodgers
**Derrick Andre Rodgers** (born October 14, 1971) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for eight seasons in the National Football League (NFL) during the late 1990s and early 2000s. Rodgers played college football for the Arizona State Sun Devils, earning consensus All-American honors in 1996. A third-round pick in the 1997 NFL draft, he played professionally for the Miami Dolphins and New Orleans Saints of the NFL.
## Early life {#early_life}
Rodgers was born in Memphis, Tennessee. He attended St. Augustine High School, a Roman Catholic school in New Orleans, Louisiana, where he played high school football for the St. Augustine Purple Knights.
## College career {#college_career}
He received an athletic scholarship to attend Arizona State University, and played for the Arizona State Sun Devils football team. As a senior in 1996, Rodgers was recognized as a consensus first-team All-American as a defensive lineman.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
The Miami Dolphins selected Rodgers in the third round (92nd pick overall) of the 1997 NFL draft. He played for the Dolphins from `{{NFL Year|1997}}`{=mediawiki} to `{{NFL Year|2002}}`{=mediawiki}. He finished his NFL career playing for the New Orleans Saints in `{{NFL Year|2003}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{NFL Year|2004}}`{=mediawiki}. In eight NFL seasons, he played in 116 regular season games, started 111 of them, and compiled 507 tackles, nine quarterback sacks and four interceptions
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# Strucht
**Strucht** is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is located in the municipality of Valkenburg aan de Geul.
The hamlet was first mentioned in 1603 as Strucht, and means \"settlement with shrubbery\". It used to belong to the Austrian Netherlands, but was traded with the Dutch Republic in 1785. Strucht was home to 264 people in 1840.
Strucht was a separate municipality until 1879, when it was merged with Schin op Geul. In 1982, it became part of the municipality of Valkenburg aan de Geul
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# Liz Janangelo
**Elizabeth Janangelo** (born October 12, 1983) is an American professional golfer currently playing on the Futures Tour.
## Early life and amateur career {#early_life_and_amateur_career}
Born and raised in West Hartford, Connecticut, Janangelo began playing golf at age two. At age 13 she won the Connecticut State Women\'s Amateur Golf Championship, the youngest champion in state history. She went on to win that Championship four more times. She also won the Connecticut State Women\'s Open four straight years as an amateur (2003--2006).
As a junior golfer, Janangelo won eight American Junior Golf Association (AJGA) titles, including two major titles. She enrolled at Duke University on a golf scholarship in the fall of 2002 and immediately found success. She was named ACC Rookie of the Year and All-ACC in her first year. In her second year, Janangelo won four tournaments, broke the Duke scoring average record, was named NGCA National Player of the Year, won the Golfstat Cup, and was named ACC Player of the Year. She ended her college career with seven career wins.
While still an amateur, Janangelo qualified to play in the U.S. Women\'s Open four times, beginning as a 16-year-old in 2000. She has finished as high as tied for 30th.
Janangelo was a former golfer at Wampanoag Country Club.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
After graduating from Duke in May 2006, Janangelo was immediately eligible to play on the Futures Tour based on her high ranking in the 2006 *Golfweek* Collegiate rankings. She played in seven events in the remainder of the 2006 season, making the cut in six. In the fall of 2006, she attended LPGA Tour qualifying school where she failed to qualify and returned to the Futures Tour for 2007. She won her first tournament in the second event of the Futures Tour 2007 season, the Greater Tampa Duramed FUTURES Classic.
In 2007, Janangelo earned \$45,084 and finished sixth on the Futures Tour money list, one spot out of automatic qualifying for fully exempt status for 2008 on the LPGA Tour.
In December 2007 she qualified for the LGPA Tour for the 2008 season by finishing among the top 17 players in the final LPGA Qualifying tournament.
She finished 147th on the official LPGA money list in 2008 forcing her to return to the LPGA qualifying tournament in order to retain her Tour card for 2009. At the Final Qualifying Tournament in December 2008, Janangelo finished tied for 60th place, not enough to retain LPGA membership for 2009. As a result, she returned to the Futures Tour.
In 2009, she played as a full-time player on the Duramed Futures Tour and finished in 18th place on the money list. This gave her an automatic bid to the Final Round of the LPGA Qualifying tournament, where she regained her LPGA Tour card for the 2010 season.
## Amateur wins {#amateur_wins}
- 1997 Connecticut State Women\'s Amateur
- 1998 Connecticut State Women\'s Amateur
- 1999 Connecticut State Women\'s Amateur
- 2000 Connecticut State Women\'s Amateur
- 2001 Connecticut State Women\'s Amateur
- 2002--03 Tar Heel Invitational, Liz Murphey Classic
- 2003--04 Tar Heel Invitational (tie), Stanford/Pepsi Intercollegiate (tie), ACC/SEC Challenge, Bryan National Collegiate
- 2005--06 Stanford Pepsi Intercollegiate
## Professional wins (6) {#professional_wins_6}
### Futures Tour (2) {#futures_tour_2}
- 2007 Greater Tampa Duramed FUTURES Classic, Mercedes-Benz of Kansas City Championship
### Other wins (4) {#other_wins_4}
- 2003 Connecticut State Women\'s Open (as an amateur)
- 2004 Connecticut State Women\'s Open (as an amateur)
- 2005 Connecticut State Women\'s Open (as an amateur)
- 2006 Connecticut State Women\'s Open (as an amateur)
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# Liz Janangelo
## Results in LPGA majors {#results_in_lpga_majors}
Tournament 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
-------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
LPGA Championship CUT CUT
U.S. Women\'s Open CUT CUT T30 CUT WD
*Note: Janangelo only played the LPGA Championship and the U.S. Women\'s Open
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# Microsoft Office XML formats
The **Microsoft Office XML formats** are XML-based document formats (or XML schemas) introduced in versions of Microsoft Office prior to Office 2007. Microsoft Office XP introduced a new XML format for storing Excel spreadsheets and Office 2003 added an XML-based format for Word documents.
These formats were succeeded by Office Open XML (ECMA-376) in Microsoft Office 2007.
## File formats {#file_formats}
- Microsoft Office Word 2003 XML Format --- WordProcessingML or WordML (`{{mono|.XML}}`{=mediawiki})
- Microsoft Office Excel 2002 and Excel 2003 XML Format --- SpreadsheetML (`{{mono|.XML}}`{=mediawiki})
- Microsoft Office Visio 2003 XML Format --- DataDiagramingML (`{{mono|.VDX}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{mono|.VSX}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{mono|.VTX}}`{=mediawiki})
- Microsoft Office InfoPath 2003 XML Format --- XML FormTemplate (`{{mono|.XSN}}`{=mediawiki}) (Compressed XML templates in a Cabinet file)
- Microsoft Office InfoPath 2003 XML Format --- XMLS FormTemplate (`{{mono|.XSN}}`{=mediawiki}) (Compressed XML templates in a Cabinet file)
## Limitations and differences with Office Open XML {#limitations_and_differences_with_office_open_xml}
Besides differences in the schema, there are several other differences between the earlier Office XML schema formats and Office Open XML.
- Whereas the data in Office Open XML documents is stored in multiple parts and compressed in a ZIP file conforming to the Open Packaging Conventions, Microsoft Office XML formats are stored as plain single monolithic XML files (making them quite large, compared to OOXML and the Microsoft Office legacy binary formats). Also, embedded items like pictures are stored as binary encoded blocks within the XML. In the case of Office Open XML, the header, footer, comments of a document etc. are all stored separately.
- XML Spreadsheet documents cannot store Visual Basic for Applications macros, auditing tracer arrows, charts and other graphic objects, custom views, drawing object layers, outlining, scenarios, shared workbook information and user-defined function categories. In contrast, the newer Office Open XML formats support full document fidelity.
- Poor backward compatibility with the version of Word/Excel prior to the one in which they were introduced. For example, Word 2002 cannot open Word 2003 XML files unless a third-party converter add-in is installed. Microsoft has released a *Word 2003 XML Viewer* which allows WordProcessingML files saved by Word 2003 to be viewed as HTML from within Internet Explorer. For Office Open XML, Microsoft provides converters for Office 2003, Office XP and Office 2000.
- Office Open XML formats are also defined for PowerPoint 2007, equation editing (Office MathML), vector drawing, charts and text art (DrawingML).
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# Microsoft Office XML formats
## Word XML format example {#word_xml_format_example}
``` xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>
<?mso-application progid="Word.Document"?>
<w:wordDocument
xmlns:w="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml"
xmlns:wx="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/auxHint"
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## Excel XML spreadsheet example {#excel_xml_spreadsheet_example}
``` html5
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?mso-application progid="Excel.Sheet"?>
<Workbook xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet" xmlns:x="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel" xmlns:ss="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet" xmlns:html="https://www.w3.org/TR/html401/">
<Worksheet ss:Name="CognaLearn+Intedashboard">
<Table>
<Column ss:Index="1" ss:AutoFitWidth="0" ss:Width="110"/>
<Row>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">ID</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">Project</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">Reporter</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">Assigned To</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">Priority</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">Severity</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">Reproducibility</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">Product Version</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">Category</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">Date Submitted</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">OS</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">OS Version</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">Platform</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">View Status</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">Updated</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">Summary</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">Status</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">Resolution</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">Fixed in Version</Data></Cell>
</Row>
<Row>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="Number">0000033</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">CognaLearn Intedashboard</Data></Cell>
<Cell><Data ss:Type="String">janardhana
| 410 |
Microsoft Office XML formats
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# Barry Murphy (footballer, born 1985)
History {{!}} Career Details {{!}} Images {{!}} extratime.com -- The Home of Irish Football -- Extratime.com \|url=<https://www.extratime.com/player/279/barry_murphy/> \|access-date=2022-08-11 \|website=extratime.com}}
\| position = Goalkeeper \| youthyears1 = 1996--2002 \| youthclubs1 = Leicester Celtic \| youthyears2 = 2002--2004 \| youthclubs2 = Shamrock Rovers \| years1 = 2004--2009 \| clubs1 = Shamrock Rovers \| caps1 = 151 \| goals1 = 0 \| years2 = 2010--2011 \| clubs2 = Bohemians \| caps2 = 44 \| goals2 = 0 \| years3 = 2012 \| clubs3 = St Patrick\'s Athletic \| caps3 = 11 \| goals3 = 0 \| years4 = 2013--2016 \| clubs4 = Shamrock Rovers \| caps4 = 83 \| goals4 = 0 \| years5 = 2017--2019 \| clubs5 = St Patrick\'s Athletic \| caps5 = 31 \| goals5 = 0 \| years6 = 2021 \| clubs6 = St Patrick\'s Athletic \| caps6 = 1 \| goals6 = 0 \| nationalyears1 = 2007--2008 \| nationalteam1 = Republic of Ireland U23 \| nationalcaps1 = 3 \| nationalgoals1 = 0 \| nationalyears2 = 2011 \| nationalteam2 = League of Ireland XI \| nationalcaps2 = 1 \| nationalgoals2 = 0 \| club-update = 19:57, 22 December 2022 (UTC) }}
**Barry Murphy** (born 8 June 1985) is an Irish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper in the League of Ireland Premier Division for Shamrock Rovers over 2 spells, Bohemians and St Patrick\'s Athletic over 3 spells.
## Club career {#club_career}
### Shamrock Rovers {#shamrock_rovers}
He made his League of Ireland debut on 20 May 2005, keeping a clean sheet against Waterford, after the departure of Russell Payne. Having come through the club\'s youth system in 2004, where he was U21 Player of the Year, he made rapid progress to become the club\'s Young Player of the Year and Player of the Year for 2005.
He played a total of 25 league games in his first season keeping seven clean sheets. Murphy kept 24 clean sheets from 35 games during the 2006 campaign as Rovers won the First Division.
He made his 100th competitive appearance for The Hoops on 2 October 2007 at Bray Wanderers where for the first time in his Rovers career, he was not only booked but sent off.
For the 2007 season he kept 16 clean sheets in 29 league games as Rovers finished fifth in the league.
Midway through the 2009 season, Murphy was dropped as first choice goalkeeper by Michael O\'Neill and replaced by new signing, Alan Mannus who held on to the position for the remainder of the campaign.
### Bohemians
Having reportedly turned down a new contract at Shamrock Rovers, no press release confirming his departure was ever issued by the club, Murphy reportedly signed for rivals, Bohemians in time for the start of the 2010 League of Ireland season. It was confirmed on 6 February 2010 that Bohemians\' transfer embargo had been lifted, and Barry Murphy was officially registered with the club. He was unveiled to the Bohemians fans in a pre-season friendly against Athlone Town, and made his league debut for Bohs at home to Sporting Fingal on 5 March.
He made his European debut and kept a clean sheet when Bohemians beat The New Saints F.C. 1--0 in the 2010--11 UEFA Champions League qualifiers. However the following week Bohs were humiliated 4--0 in one of the worst results in the League\'s history.
Murphy spent the first half of the season as first choice goalkeeper for Pat Fenlon\'s side but lost his place midway through the season after some poor performances. When Chris O\'Connor was suspended towards the end of the season, Murphy regained his place and put in some man of the match performances, most notably against St. Patrick\'s Athletic on 9 October. Unfortunately for Murphy and Bohs, they would lose the league title on goal difference.
This qualified them for the 2011--12 UEFA Europa League qualifiers where they played NK Olimpija Ljubljana (2005). Murphy playing in both legs as Bohs were eliminated.
### St Patrick\'s Athletic {#st_patricks_athletic}
On 4 January 2012, it was confirmed that Murphy had signed for St Patrick\'s Athletic for the 2012 season. Murphy kept his first clean sheet in a competitive game in a 4--0 win against Phoenix at Richmond Park.
However, he lost his place to Brendan Clarke who appeared in all of the Inchicore sides six 2012--13 UEFA Europa League games and the 2012 FAI Cup final.
### Return to Shamrock Rovers {#return_to_shamrock_rovers}
Murphy re-joined The Hoops on 29 November 2012.
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# Barry Murphy (footballer, born 1985)
## Club career {#club_career}
### Return to Pats {#return_to_pats}
It was announced that Murphy had returned to St Patrick\'s Athletic for the 2017 season on 9 January 2017 alongside Kurtis Byrne of Bohemians and Alex O\'Hanlon from Liverpool. After a year out of football, Murphy returned to St Patrick\'s Athletic for a third spell with the club on 11 March 2021, ahead of the 2021 season where his fellow goalkeepers were 19 year old Liverpool loanee Vítězslav Jaroš and 17 year old Josh Keeley. With Jaros on international duty with the Czech Republic U21 side, Murphy made his first appearance since 2019 on 3 September 2021 in a 3--2 win over Longford Town at Richmond Park. On 28 November 2021 Murphy was an unused substitute in the 2021 FAI Cup final, as his side defeated rivals Bohemians 4--3 on penalties following a 1--1 draw after extra time in front of a record FAI Cup Final crowd of 37,126 at the Aviva Stadium.
In 2023 Murphy announced his retirement from football. On 9 September 2023, Murphy returned to play in a friendly for a St. Patrick\'s Athletic legends team for Ian Bermingham\'s testimonial match.
## International
Murphy made his Ireland U23 debut in November 2007 and also kept a clean sheet in his second appearance. He then made his third appearance for the U23s in October 2008 against Belgium
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# Aidan Price
**Aidan Price** (born 8 December 1981) is an Irish former football player, who was most recently the head coach of Shamrock Rovers II.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Price played for Kilkenny City until the start of 2006 when he switched to Shamrock Rovers. He scored his first goal for the club on 7 June 2008 against Sligo Rovers and scored his first league goal in July 2009 against the same opposition. He spent five seasons with the club, winning promotion in his first and the League of Ireland title in his last. He scored two goals in 148 total appearances which included four in the 2010--11 UEFA Europa League.
After spending time on trial at Derry City, Price signed for Bohemians just in time for the 2011 season. He made his league debut for his new club against Bray Wanderers on 4 March at the Carlisle Grounds.
Price signed for Dublin rivals St.Patrick\'s Athletic for the 2012 season after a very impressive season with Bohemians. Price was injured for the entire of pre-season as he recovered from an operation on his foot for an injury sustained in his last game for Bohemians away to Derry City, so he spent up until May regaining his fitness. Price played his first game for Pats on 7 May against one of his old clubs Shamrock Rovers in the Leinater Senior Cup quarter-final at Tallaght Stadium. Although the Saints lost 3--0, Price had an impressive game and he added great experience to a very young team made up mostly of the clubs under 19 team. Ironically, Price\'s next game came yet again against Shamrock Rovers in yet another cup quarter final, this time the EA Sports Cup quarter final at Richmond Park on 26 June. This time around, Price was surrounded by many starting players for the Saints and he had an excellent game, putting in great tackles and blocks and staying very calm on the ball before coming off after 78 minutes.
On 27 November it was confirmed that Price will return to Bohemians for the 2014 season.
## Managerial career {#managerial_career}
### Shamrock Rovers II {#shamrock_rovers_ii}
In January 2020, he was appointed manager of Shamrock Rovers II, the reserve team of Shamrock Rovers that would be entering that seasons League of Ireland First Division. He guided the team to an 8th place finish that season.
On 20 February 2021 it was announced that Shamrock Rovers II would not participate in the 2021 League of Ireland First Division, as the Football Association of Ireland opted to replace the team with newly formed Limerick club Treaty United.
## Honours
### Club
Shamrock Rovers
- League of Ireland Premier Division (1): 2010
- League of Ireland First Division (1): 2006
St Patrick\'s Athletic
- League of Ireland Premier Division (1): 2013
### Individual
- Shamrock Rovers Player of the Year (1): 2006
## Managerial statistics {#managerial_statistics}
Team Nat
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# Ger O'Brien
Gerard O\'Brien}} `{{Use British English|date=July 2013}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox football biography
| name = Ger O'Brien
| image = Ger O'Brien (footballer).jpg
| caption = O'Brien in action against [[Galway United F.C. (2013)|Galway United]] in the [[2015 League of Ireland Cup Final]].
| image_size = 275
| fullname = Gerard O'Brien
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|7|2|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Dublin]], Ireland
| currentclub = [[St Patrick's Athletic F.C.|St Patrick's Athletic]] (Director of Football)
| clubnumber =
| height =
| position = [[Defender (association football)#Full-back|Right back]]
| youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = [[Cherry Orchard F.C.|Cherry Orchard]]
| youthyears2 = | youthclubs2 = [[St Patrick's Athletic F.C.|St Patrick's Athletic]]
| years1 = 2003 | clubs1 = [[St Patrick's Athletic F.C.|St Patrick's Athletic]] | caps1 = 0 | goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2003 | clubs2 = → [[Athlone Town F.C.|Athlone Town]] (loan) | caps2 = 32 | goals2 = 1
| years3 = 2004–2005 | clubs3 = [[Kildare County F.C.|Kildare County]] | caps3 = 68 | goals3 = 5
| years4 = 2006–2008 | clubs4 = [[Shamrock Rovers F.C.|Shamrock Rovers]] | caps4 = 87 | goals4 = 0
| years5 = 2009 | clubs5 = [[Derry City F.C.|Derry City]] | caps5 = 29 | goals5 = 0
| years6 = 2010 | clubs6 = [[Sporting Fingal F.C.|Sporting Fingal]] | caps6 = 30 | goals6 = 1
| years7 = 2011 | clubs7 = [[Bohemian F.C.|Bohemians]] | caps7 = 30 | goals7 = 2
| years8 = 2012–2017 | clubs8 = [[St Patrick's Athletic F.C.|St Patrick's Athletic]] | caps8 = 135| goals8 = 1
| nationalyears1 = 2007–2008 | nationalteam1 = [[Republic of Ireland under-23 national football team|Republic of Ireland U23]]
| nationalcaps1 = 3 | nationalgoals1 = 1
| nationalyears2 = 2011 | nationalteam2 = [[League of Ireland XI]]
| nationalcaps2 = 1 | nationalgoals2 = 0
| manageryears1 = 2013–2015 | managerclubs1 = [[Maynooth University|NUI Maynooth]]
| manageryears2 = 2016–2024 | managerclubs2 = [[St Patrick's Athletic F.C.|St Patrick's Athletic]] (Academy Director)
| manageryears3 = 2017–2019 | managerclubs3 = [[St Patrick's Athletic F.C.|St Patrick's Athletic]] (Assistant Manager)
| manageryears4 = 2018 | managerclubs4 = [[St Patrick's Athletic F.C.|St Patrick's Athletic]] (Interim Manager)
| manageryears5 = 2024– | managerclubs5 = [[St Patrick's Athletic F.C.|St Patrick's Athletic]] (Director of Football)
}}`{=mediawiki} **Gerard O\'Brien** (born 2 July 1984) is an Irish former professional footballer who played in the League of Ireland as a defender. He is the current Director of Football at St Patrick\'s Athletic, who he spent 5 seasons playing with. His former clubs also include Athlone Town, Kildare County, Shamrock Rovers, Derry City, Sporting Fingal, Bohemians.
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# Ger O'Brien
## Club career {#club_career}
### Early career {#early_career}
Ger O\'Brien was signed by Eric Hannigan before the start of the 2004 season from Athlone Town. He was the first player to represent the Republic of Ireland at any level while playing with Kildare County. He represented the Eircom League International squad in Aberdeen for the quadrangular tournament with England, Scotland and Wales in 2004. Ger O\' Brien made 39 appearances for Kildare County in the 2005 season and was also awarded the club\'s player of the season award.
### Shamrock Rovers {#shamrock_rovers}
Ger left Kildare County for Shamrock Rovers to become one of the country\'s best full backs. He missed most of the pre-season campaign in his first year with Shamrock Rovers but once the season began he became a first team regular pretty quickly. He revealed himself to be a tough and uncompromising defender and although he suffered an injury setback in early June he made a quick recovery and picked up where he left off. On 11 November 2007 Ger was voted Shamrock Rovers Player of the Year for the 2007 season and on the 13th he also represented his country in an Under 23 international against Slovakia in Dalymount Park.
### Derry City {#derry_city}
Signed for Derry City on three-year full-time deal in February 2009. Played in Derry\'s four UEFA Europa League games in July and August 2009.
### Sporting Fingal {#sporting_fingal}
Following Derry\'s financial struggles in 2009, he opted to join Sporting Fingal for the 2010 season. .
### Bohemians
After Sporting Fingal ceased trading, O\'Brien\'s contract was cancelled. On the 15, February 2011 Bohemians announced the signing of 9 players including O\'Brien. He made his league debut for his new club against Bray Wanderers on 4 March at the Carlisle Grounds.
### St Patrick\'s Athletic {#st_patricks_athletic}
O\'Brien signed for the club he supported as a boy, St Patrick\'s Athletic for the 2012 season. He is the club\'s vice captain and he skippered the side against Cliftonville in the Setanta Cup due to the absence of captain Conor Kenna. O\'Brien started the season off well and after eight league games the Saints defence earned five clean sheets and only conceded three goals. In the 2013--14 UEFA Europa League first qualifying round, O\'Brien scored his first goal for the Saints on his 70th appearance when he scored the equaliser in the first leg against VMFD Žalgiris to make it 2--2 in the LFF Stadium in Vilnius, Lithuania.
## International career {#international_career}
O\'Brien represented the Republic of Ireland U23s in the 2007--09 International Challenge Trophy, playing in all three games. He won his first cap against Slovakia on 13 November 2007 and then earned a second cap in May 2008 against Northern Ireland. He scored on his third appearance against Belgium. Ireland went on to lose the match 2--1.
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# Ger O'Brien
## Coaching career {#coaching_career}
O\'Brien dipped his toe into coaching while still a player at St Patrick\'s Athletic. With Pat\'s teammate Brendan Clarke as his assistant, he coached NUI Maynooth to Collingwood Cup glory for the first time in their history in 2014 by defeating NUI Galway in the final.
In 2014, O\'Brien was appointed as Academy Director for the schoolboys section at St Francis. The club won two All Ireland trophies in his time and 7 players were transferred to the UK.
In November 2016, O\'Brien progressed to being appointed as Academy Director for the underage teams at St Patrick\'s Athletic, he would also take up the role of assistant manager of the first team while continuing to play. He remained in this role until August 2019 when manager Harry Kenny left the club, with O\'Brien remaining Director of Football as new manager Stephen O\'Donnell bringing his former teammate Pat Cregg as assistant manager.
Following Liam Buckley\'s resignation as manager of the St Patrick\'s Athletic first team in September 2018, O\'Brien took over as interim manager for the club\'s final 5 games of the season.
Since taking over the role as Director of Coaching, St Patrick\'s Athletic have had unprecedented success at academy level. In 2019 the club won 6 trophies in total with doubles at U13 & U15s age groups respectively. Not only has success come in the form of trophies its also come with players representing Ireland across all underage levels. Over 25 players have been capped since O\'Brien took the role.
In 2020 St Pats U19s won their 1st League Championship in 5 years. Four more Academy players signed their 1st professional contracts with the club whilst two Academy players made the move across to the UK to play with Celtic and Aston Villa respectively.
2020 also saw O\'Brien graduate with the highest possible honour to complete his UEFA Pro Licence course.
It was announced on 31 January 2024, that O\'Brien had been promoted from his role as Academy Director, to Director of Football for the entire club at St Patrick\'s Athletic
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# Danny O'Connor (footballer)
**Danny O\'Connor** (born 28 September 1980, Dublin) is an Irish footballer who retired in June 2014 as Club Captain of Bray Wanderers. O\'Connor primarily played as a central defender or in central midfield. His brothers James O\'Connor and Kevin O\'Connor also had extensive footballing careers.
Danny started his League of Ireland career at Bray Wanderers in 1999 and spent two seasons at the Carlisle Grounds before moving to Drogheda United at the start of the 2001/02 season. Danny made 123 league appearances in four seasons at United Park and scored eight goals. His most memorable goal was on 8 February 2003 when he scored the winning goal in the relegation playoff against Galway United to keep Drogheda in the top division. His extra time goal at United Park was Drogheda\'s third of the match, which overturned the 2-0 defeat they had suffered in the first leg.
In January 2005 Danny signed for Longford Town and spent two seasons at Flancare Park, making 58 league appearances and scoring two league goals. He also scored against Cork City in the second round of the FAI Cup in 2006, though Longford went out of the competition at the quarter-final stage to St Patrick\'s Athletic.
O\'Connor departed Longford Town at the end of the 2006 season to join newly promoted Shamrock Rovers. He made his Rovers debut at UCD on the opening day of the 2007 season. O\'Connor scored his only Rovers goal in a 2-0 derby victory over Bohemians in September that year. He departed Shamrock Rovers at the end of the 2008 season and following a brief spell out of the game he joined IFA Premiership side Newry City for the 2009/10 season.
Danny left Rovers at the end of the 2008 season and spent some time out of the game before joining Irish League side Newry City F.C. at the start of the 2009/10 season. He made 11 league appearances with Newry but in July 2010 O\'Connor returned to Bray Wanderers. He was appointed Club Captain there, but following a series of injuries he retired from football in June 2014
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# Barry Ferguson (Irish footballer)
**Barry Ferguson** (born 7 September 1979) is an Irish former professional footballer who is now a development officer with the Football Association of Ireland.
## Career
Ferguson began his football career with Home Farm before moving to Coventry City. While there he played at the 1999 FIFA World Youth Championship finals in Nigeria. Although he never made a competitive first team appearance for City, Ferguson went on to have brief spells in the lower divisions with Colchester United, Hartlepool United and Northampton Town.
Ferguson returned to Ireland to link up with Longford Town in the summer of 2002. He captained FAI Cup and League Cup winning teams during his three years at the midlands club. Ferguson scored in a 2004--05 UEFA Cup tie against FC Vaduz. As Longford\'s penalty taker he missed the chance for an equaliser in the last minute of the 2003 FAI League Cup Final.
He made his Rovers debut on the opening day of the 2007 League of Ireland season at UCD. He signed for the club from city rivals Bohemians in January 2007, having spent just one season with the Dalymount outfit.
Ferguson was forced to retire in February 2009 due to a serious hip injury.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
He is the father of Brighton & Hove Albion striker Evan Ferguson. Barry met Evan\'s mother Sarah whilst playing for Coventry
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# Eric McGill
**Eric McGill** (born 16 October 1987) is an Irish footballer who last played for Bray Wanderers in the League of Ireland. He made his professional debut for Shamrock Rovers as a late substitute in the FAI cup game against Castlebar Celtic. McGill signed for Drogheda United on 31 July 2009 [1](http://www.eleven-a-side.com/loi/news.asp?n=36862)`{{Dead link|date=August 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}`{=mediawiki}
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# David McGill (footballer)
**David McGill** (born 24 October 1981) is an Irish retired footballer who played as a midfielder.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
McGill played his entire youth career, from the Under 8s and up, with Manortown United. With Manortown, he won both league and cup titles and was named the Club Man of the Year while with the Under 16s.
He eventually decided to attend college in the US, enrolling at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte in 2000. McGill made an instant impact with the Charlotte 49ers, appearing in 18 games, starting 17 of those. He scored 1 goal, and assisted on 7 others, en route to score 9 points on the season. His 7 assists lead the team.
His second season with the team in 2001 wasn\'t as productive, with him playing in 20 games while only starting 14. He scored 1 goal and had 3 assists for 5 total points. His 3 assists were good enough to tie him for the team lead.
With the 49ers, McGill scored 2 goals and 10 assists for 14 points. He was named to Conference USA\'s All-Freshman Team in 2000 as well as being named to the Second Team All-Conference USA. In addition, he was the MVP of the 2000 Puma Classic. Following the completion of the 2001 season, McGill sought to transfer schools and left UNC Charlotte for UC Santa Barbara.
McGill enrolled at the University of California, Santa Barbara for his junior year in 2002. With the UC Santa Barbara men\'s soccer team, McGill played in 21 games, starting 20 of them. He netted 3 times and assisted on 15 others for 21 points. He was named to the Second Team All-Big West Conference and his assist total was good for 5th in the nation and 2nd in the conference, trailing teammate Memo Arzate\'s 18. He also assisted on UC Santa Barbara\'s first-ever NCAA postseason goal when he passed to Rob Friend against the University of San Diego.
His second season was just as productive as the first, appearing in 18 games and starting 17. He registered another 9 assists. The team, again, made the postseason but lost to Cal in the 2nd Round. However, McGill\'s performances had professionals taking note. The Los Angeles Galaxy drafted him in the 2004 MLS SuperDraft. He went in the 4th round, 33rd overall. Despite the honour, McGill passed on Major League Soccer, instead opting to sign with Dublin City in his native Ireland.
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# David McGill (footballer)
## Career
### Dublin City & Mount Merrion {#dublin_city_mount_merrion}
McGill returned to Ireland in 2004 and joined League of Ireland Premier Division side Dublin City. McGill broke into the Vikings\' first team upon his return but was one of 14 players released by new Vikings boss Roddy Collins in a mid-season cull for the League of Ireland Premier Division strugglers. McGill joined Leinster Senior League side Mount Merrion YMCA for the remainder of the 2004 season before rejoining Dublin City for the 2005 season. That season, McGill helped the Vikings to promotion to the League of Ireland Premier Division after scoring Dublin City\'s winning goal in the first leg of a two-legged play-off victory over Shamrock Rovers. McGill remained at Dublin City for the 2006 season as part of their League of Ireland Premier Division campaign until the Vikings went out of existence due severe financial issues in July 2006.
### Shamrock Rovers {#shamrock_rovers}
McGill did not wait long to find a new club when he joined League of Ireland First Division leaders Shamrock Rovers. A lifelong Rovers fan, he made his debut for the club on 28 July 2006 against Athlone Town at St. Mels Park in a 3--0 victory for the Hoops and went to win the First Division with two goals in fourteen appearances. He made 29 appearances, scoring twice, in his time at the Hoops.
### Mount Merrion & Shelbourne {#mount_merrion_shelbourne}
McGill departed Rovers in August 2007 and rejoined his former club Mount Merrion YMCA later that month. McGill\'s second stint at Mount Merrion was again short-lived when he made a return to League of Ireland First Division action by signing for Shelbourne on 29 November 2007. McGill made his Shelbourne debut in a scoreless draw against Dundalk at Tolka Park on 7 March 2008. He scored his first Shelbourne goal during a 1--0 victory over Wexford Youths at Tolka Park on 17 October 2008. During the 2011 season he was injured against Salthill Devon ruling him out for the rest of the season
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# Andrew Myler
**Andrew Myler** (born 2 December 1975) is an Irish former footballer, and former manager of UCD. Myler left UCD at the end of the 2023 campaign, after the club was relegated back to the First Division.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
He began his professional career at UCD where he made his League debut at St. James\'s Gate on 9 January 1994. He scored his first league goal on his first start at Longford Town on 27 March 1994. His first league hat trick was against Finn Harps on 6 September 1996.
He also played for Newry Town, Monaghan United, Athlone Town, Waterford United and Drogheda United before Longford. He claims that his happiest days as a footballer came with Drogheda United where he has officially been accepted into the club\'s hall of fame. He is now known as a legend in Drogheda and his name is still sung week in week out by the Drogheda fans.
Myler was signed by Shamrock Rovers from Longford Town in July 2006 making his debut against Galway United on 4 August.
Always a Rovers fan, Myler broke into the top 20 all time League of Ireland goal scorers in August 2007. His hat-trick on 14 September against Galway United brought his all-time league total to 129 goals
In his career he has been top scorer in the League of Ireland First Division for two seasons in 1999--2000 and 2000--01. In his two seasons at Rovers Myler scored 20 goals in 48 total appearances.
He signed for Bray in December 2007 Myler retired at the end of the 2008 season with a total of 131 career league goals and scored in his last game As of 2012 Myler is sixteenth in the all-time League of Ireland goalscoring list with 131 league goals.
## Coach
Myler moved on to managing the Shamrock Rovers reserve and youth teams. In his first season, he managed the Rovers team that won the 2009 A Championship. In his second season, he managed the U20s as they won the League of Ireland U20 Division title . He was promoted to the first team staff in 2011 where he was part of the Premier Division league winning and Europa League qualifying set up. Myler left Shamrock Rovers at the end of 2011.
He now manages first division side UCD, where he also works
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# Tadhg Purcell
**Tadhg Purcell** (born 2 September 1985) is an Irish footballer who plays for Dunbar Rovers FC in the National Premier League. His main position is as a striker, although he can play on the wing.
He spent his youth with Leicester Celtic, before joining Kilkenny City in 2004. He moved onto Shamrock Rovers two years later, and enjoyed a successful three-year spell with the club, helping Shamrock to win the First Division title in 2006. He won a move to English club Darlington in January 2010, before joining Northampton Town six months later. He was loaned back to Darlington in September 2011, and later went out on loan to Irish side Cork City. He joined Australian side Marconi Stallions in March 2013, he then joined Rockdale City Suns in 2014, and North Shore Mariners in 2015. He\'s played his trade over the past seasons with other Sydney-based National Premier League teams Stanmore Hawks and Dunbar Rovers.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
### Early career {#early_career}
Tadhg Purcell played most his schoolboy career at Leicester Celtic, where he played alongside future teammate Barry Murphy. He also gained success with his St Benildus team, and was part of the under-18s Dublin Soccer champions team at St Benildus College in 2003, when they beat Malahide 1--0 in the final, which was held at Wayside Celtic\'s ground.
### League of Ireland career {#league_of_ireland_career}
Tadgh Purcell originally received a soccer scholarship from University College Dublin (UCD AFC), where he played the beginning of his senior career. Following the end of his scholarship, Purcell moved to First Division side Kilkenny City, under the management of Pat Scully, for the 2005 season. He scored his first League of Ireland goal on 9 April at Buckley Park. After one season with the \"Black Cats\", he then moved to Shamrock Rovers for the 2006 season, along with his manager Scully, after Kilkenny City failed to gain promotion from the First Division.
He made his Rovers debut in the opening game of the 2006 season. Following a successful first season with the \"Hoops\", in which Rovers won the First Division title and Purcell became the club\'s top scorer with 12 goals, he signed a two-and-a-half-year contract in July 2007. The club finished fifth in the Premier Division the following season, and he was top-scorer again in 2007 after finding the net 12 times, also becoming the fourth highest scorer in the league. Scully left the club by mutual consent in October 2008, and was replaced by Michael O\'Neill. Although first team opportunities became limited in 2008 he managed to make an impact in many league games but Purcell eventually departed the club in September 2009. He was the first substitute to appear at Tallaght Stadium, and also played as a substitute in a friendly against Real Madrid. His last goal for Rovers was his only goal in the 2009 season.
### Darlington
Purcell signed for Steve Staunton\'s League Two club Darlington, along with former St Patrick\'s Athletic midfielder Gary Dempsey, in January 2010. He scored on his debut for the club on 19 January, in a 2--1 win over Rotherham United at the Don Valley Stadium. He also scored on his home debut in a 2--1 loss to Northampton Town. He scored nine goals in 22 games in 2009--10 to become the club\'s top scorer, as the \"Quakers\" suffered relegation out of the Football League. He rejected a new deal at The Darlington Arena following the club\'s relegation, despite new manager Simon Davey\'s attempts to retain him.
### Northampton Town {#northampton_town}
Purcell signed a two-year contract with League Two side Northampton Town in June 2010. Manager Ian Sampson stated that: \"He is a good finisher, has a lot of physical strength and understands the game. He is a major signing for us and we are delighted.\" On his first start of the season against Wycombe Wanderers, Purcell was stretchered off; it was later revealed that he would subsequently be ruled out for the remainder of the 2010--11 season with ruptured cruciate and lateral knee ligaments.
He joined former club Darlington on a one-month loan in September 2011, in what \"Cobblers\" boss Gary Johnson stated was an attempt to regain match fitness. He scored one goal in five Conference National appearances for the \"Quakers\", before returning to Sixfields. Purcell joined Tommy Dunne\'s League of Ireland side Cork City on a four-month loan in February 2012. He scored three goals in 16 Premier Division games during his stay at Turners Cross in the 2012 season. Although a permanent contract was offered Purcell decided to move back to the UK.
He joined Port Vale on trial in July 2012. He scored a hat-trick for the \"Valiants\" in a friendly against amateur side Alsager Town.
### Australia
Purcell joined Australian club Marconi Stallions in March 2013. He later signed for Northbridge FC in 2015.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Purcell was raised in Sandyford, Dublin and obtained a degree in Science at undergraduate level, in University College Dublin (UCD) after leaving St Benildus College. Before going to St Benildus College he attended Catholic University School (CUS) for three years
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# 1810 in Ireland
Events from the year **1810 in Ireland**.
## Events
- 3 July -- Royal Belfast Academical Institution foundation stone laid.
## Births
- 3 January -- Antoine Thomson d\'Abbadie, geographer (died 1897).
- 10 March -- Samuel Ferguson, poet, barrister, antiquarian, artist and public servant (died 1886).
- 3 June -- Robert Mallet, geologist, civil engineer and inventor (died 1881).
- 3 September -- Paul Kane, painter in Canada (died 1871).
- 27 September -- Michael O\'Connor, first Catholic Bishop of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, first Catholic Bishop of Erie, Jesuit (died 1872).
Full date unknown
:\*Elliot Warburton, travel writer and novelist (died 1852).
## Deaths
- 17 January -- James Gordon, merchant, soldier, and politician in America (born 1739).
- 18 February -- Charles FitzGerald, 1st Baron Lecale, politician (born 1756).
- 24 March -- Mary Tighe, poet (born 1772)
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# Robbie Kelleher (soccer)
**Robbie Kelleher** (born 14 February 1984) is a former League of Ireland footballer.
He originally transferred from the Limerick junior club Fairview Rangers to Limerick F.C. in 2005. He made 62 league appearances for Limerick over the following two seasons and scored eight league goals before leaving the club to sign for Shamrock Rovers in January 2007.
Kelleher spent just a few months with Shamrock Rovers, scoring twice in just 3 league appearances, before asking to be released from his contract due to the pressure of travelling to Dublin for games. Then Rovers manager Pat Scully was quoted as saying \"He\'s as disappointed as we are -- and we\'re very disappointed. Robbie\'s a player of great ability but having to travel up from Limerick for training and to play in games proved too much for him. We respect his decision and obviously wish him well in his future career\".
After two seasons with non-league Fairview, Kelleher returned to league football in the summer of 2009, signing once again for Limerick F.C. He played 13 times in the league over the latter half of 2009 and remained with the club into 2010, making a further 12 league appearances before being released in July 2010.
After playing with non-league club Ballynanty Rovers, Kelleher signed for Athlone Town in February 2012. While he played a number of cup games for Athlone, owing to injury he did not play in any league games
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# Harrison's groove
**Harrison\'s groove**, also known as Harrison\'s sulcus, is a horizontal groove along the lower border of the thorax corresponding to the costal insertion of the diaphragm; it is usually caused by chronic asthma or obstructive respiratory disease. It may also appear in rickets because of defective mineralisation of the bones by calcium necessary to harden them; thus the diaphragm, which is always in tension, pulls the softened bone inward. During rickets it is due to the indentation of lower ribs at the point of attachment of diaphragm.
It is named after Edwin Harrison
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# Tom Griscom
**Thomas Cecil Griscom** (born 1949) served as Director of White House Communications under President Ronald Reagan, was a top aide and adviser for a decade to U.S. Senator Howard Baker of Tennessee, and was the executive editor and publisher of the *Chattanooga Times Free Press* from October 1999 to June 30, 2010.
Griscom served in the 1990s as the executive vice president for external relations for the RJ Reynolds Tobacco company, as an employee of Rupert Murdoch\'s News Ltd; and as a public relations consultant with Powell-Tate.
In December 1998, *Fortune* magazine\'s \"The Power of 25: the influence merchants\" named Griscom, along with other ex-White House staff, ex-politicians and sons-of-politicians, as a key lobbyist in Washington.
Griscom is a graduate of Brainerd High School and the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
### Politics
In 1978 Griscom joined the staff of Senator Baker and served as press secretary. In 1985-86, after Baker\'s retirement from the Senate, Griscom served as the executive director of the National Republican Senatorial Committee (NRSC), and was charged with the task of overseeing the re-election efforts of the Republican majority in the Senate. He later became part of the Reagan administration in 1987, while Baker was chief of staff. As Baker\'s senior staff person, he essentially ran day-to-day operations at the White House, and he maintained the strong links between the administration and the Republican Party.
His most notable claim during this period was that, in 1987, as communications director at the White House, he approved and promoted (against diplomatic advice) Peter Robinson\'s draft speech made at the Berlin Wall, where President Reagan demanded that Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev \"tear down this wall\".
### Reynolds Tobacco {#reynolds_tobacco}
In 1990, he joined Reynolds Tobacco as head of its external relations program, and over the next 10 years he was responsible for the company\'s strategic operations against the growing anti-smoking forces. He also administered and organized the company\'s involvement in the many cooperative campaigns conducted with Philip Morris and the Tobacco Institute in lobbying the United States Congress to block anti-smoking legislation. RJR also took a lead role at this time in conducting misinformation campaigns for media and public consumption---especially in the promotion of the idea that health regulations were largely the product of junk science.
Not long after joining RJR, Griscom became a key director on the management committee of the Tobacco Institute, responsible for secretly funding friendly think tanks and other organizations, and for organizing scientists, lawyers and other business allies to attack regulatory measures that blocked cigarette advertising, or those that introduced environmental and health regulations.
Steve Milloy, who ran the fake \"scientific grassroots\" organisation known as the Advancement of Sound Science Coalition (TASSC) and its junk science website for Philip Morris on behalf of the tobacco industry, was transferred in mid-1996 to the control of Reynolds under Griscom when TASSC and the junkscience.com links with Philip Morris were exposed.
Griscom subcontracted the administration of this \"sound-science\" operation to Jody Powell (ex-press secretary to President Jimmy Carter) and Sheila Tate (First Lady Nancy Reagan\'s adviser) at Powell-Tate. RJR and Powell-Tate also handled the distribution of Milloy\'s book, *Science without Sense*, supposedly published by the Cato Institute (which was itself funded by tobacco interests). Similar books were commissioned and payment laundered through think tanks for academic authors.
One other \"successful\" program run at this time was to characterise relatively harmless substances as \"potentially cancerous\" as part of the industry\'s \"sound-science\" campaign. Griscom\'s PR staff attempted to both promote and ridicule the idea that coffee could cause cancer via Milloy\'s junk-science web pages and op-ed articles planted in newspapers. This created the straw-man idea that everything enjoyable could be classed as potentially dangerous (to counter fears about passive smoking) and no one could live without taking the normal risks associated with living.
Griscom\'s communications and media division of RJR also hired state and federal lobbyists, planted ghost-written articles and letters to the editor in major newspapers and magazines and promoted seemingly normal tours by comedians, musicians, artists, etc. who were all carefully trained and contracted to promote the pro-smoking message.
In 1997-98, Griscom represented R.J. Reynolds on a long series of tobacco industry negotiations with the State Attorneys-General, the Justices Department, the White House and its agencies. This led to a February 1998 Master Settlement Agreement, in which the tobacco industry agreed to pay hundreds of millions of dollars in compensation for Medicaid costs associated with smoking to avoid charges under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO).
He left R.J. Reynolds in the later half of 1999 and returned to Chattanooga \"to help shape the overall identity\" of the city\'s now single daily print newspaper, formed after WEHCO Media bought and merged the fiercely competitive afternoon *Free Press* and the morning *The Chattanooga Times* to create the *Chattanooga Times Free Press*. On May 26, 2010, Griscom announced he would resign from the newspaper June 30, 2010.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Griscom is married to the former Marion Dobbins
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# Urmond
**Urmond** is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is located in the municipality of Stein.
The village was first mentioned in 1153 as Ouermunte. The current name means \"mouth of the Ur\", however the Ur has later moved to village. Urmond developed on the higher bank of the Maas. In 1400, it became part of the Duchy of Jülich.
The Old St Martinus Church was built between 1791 and 1793. The medieval tower was placed in 1841. The cemetery is artificially heightened. In 1695, a Dutch Reformed church was built in Urmond which is exceptional in Limburg.
Urmond was home to 600 people in 1840. Urmond was a separate municipality until 1982, when it was merged with Stein.
## Gallery
<File:Urmond-Kattekop> (5).jpg\|Apartment buildings <File:Urmond-Raadhuisstraat> 52.JPG\|Former town hall <File:Urmond-Urmonder> Maasstraat 4.JPG\|Street view <File:Urmond-Terpkerk> (2)
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# Kenny Hill (defensive back)
**Kenneth Wayne Hill** (born July 25, 1958) is an American former professional football player whose career lasted ten seasons in the National Football League (NFL), from 1980 until 1989. Hill played for the Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders, New York Giants, and Kansas City Chiefs and earned three Super Bowl rings, the first two with the 1980 and 1983 Raiders, the third with the 1986 New York Giants. Hill is the first and only Ivy League football athlete to have played on three Super Bowl championship teams.
Hill played college football at Yale University, coached by College Football Hall of Fame member Carmen Cozza. Hill lettered three years, amassing 1594 rushing yards on 356 carries. He gained 910 yards rushing his junior year and returned kickoffs and punts on special teams during three varsity seasons. Hill was named to the 1979 All-Ivy League First-team and 1978 All-Ivy League Second-team. Hill majored in Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry.
Hill had signed a letter of intent to play football at Louisiana State for Charlie McClendon, another member of the College Football Hall of Fame. Hill was recruited by LSU to play defensive back. \"I can\'t blame him for going to Yale. He\'s very bright,\" McClendon remarked. Hill turned down football scholarship offers from, among others, the football programs at Baylor, Mississippi, Mississippi State, and Tulane.
Hill, a varsity track letterwinner at Yale for Coach Lee Calhoun, had been timed at 4.46 in the forty yard dash, and 9.7 in the 100 yard dash in college. Calhoun thought Hill could run a 9.5 in the 100 if he concentrated on track.
Hill, like former Yale football athletes Don Martin, Dick Jauron and fellow Super Bowl champion Gary Fencik, converted successfully to defensive back in the NFL from running back or wide receiver
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# Giovanni Anastasi (painter)
**Giovani Anastasi** (Senigallia, 20 March 1653 -- Macerata, 13 March 1704) was an Italian painter, mainly of religious and history paintings
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# Kostaq Kotta
**Kostaq Kotta**, also known as **Koço Kotta** (5 May 1886 -- 1 September 1947), was an Albanian politician and twice prime minister during the reign of King Zog I, who took a pro-Italian right-wing stance.
## Biography
He was educated in Greece and Italy. In the Principality of Albania, he served as the minister of public works and was elected to the Parliament of Albania. During the June Revolution of Fan Noli, Kotta escaped to Greece, but returned to lead the insurgency against Noli that led to the formation of the Albanian Republic under Ahmet Zogu.
He became the speaker of the parliament during Zogu's presidency and then Prime Minister after Zogu established the Albanian Kingdom. During his first term, he introduced civil code laws based on the Napoleonic model.
In 1936, he headed the government again until resigning after the Italian invasion of Albania. He was a member of Mustafa Merlika-Kruja\'s cabinet in 1941.
He accompanied Zog into exile in Greece. In December 1944 he was captured by Greek Communists and returned to Albania. He was sentenced to lifelong imprisonment by the Albanian Communists\'s Special Court of Spring 1945. He died in Burrel Prison in 1947 as a result of torture
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# 1798 in Ireland
Events from the year **1798 in Ireland**.
## Incumbent
- Monarch: George III
## Events
- March
- Great Britain\'s Irish militia arrest the leadership of the Society of United Irishmen marking the beginning of the Irish Rebellion of 1798. A number are arrested at the house of Oliver Bond on 12 March.
- Lord Castlereagh is appointed Acting Chief Secretary for Ireland.
- 30 March -- martial law is proclaimed in Ireland.
- Spring -- United Irishman and publisher Peter Finnerty is convicted and imprisoned for seditious libel.
- April -- the \"dragooning of Ulster\": Lieutenant-General Lake, Commander-in-Chief, Ireland, issues a proclamation ordering the surrender of all arms by the civil population of Ulster, effectively disarming the United Irishmen.
- 21 April -- Patrick (or William) \"Staker\" Wallace of the United Irishmen is flogged at Ballinvreena for plotting the assassination of Captain Charles Silver Oliver. He is hanged either immediately afterwards or in early July at Kilfinane.
- 19 May -- rebel leader Lord Edward FitzGerald is arrested in Dublin, later dying of wounds received.
- 24 May -- first clashes of the rebellion against British rule.
- 2:00AM -- Battle of Prosperous: the United Irishmen seize the model cotton manufacturing town of Prosperous, County Kildare, from the British garrison.
- 2:30AM -- Battle of Naas: the United Irishmen are repelled by the British garrison.
- 7:00--9:00AM -- Battle of Kilcullen: the United Irishmen are repelled by the British army; remaining rebels surrender at Knockaulin Hill on 27 May. The British Army in the Midlands withdraws to Naas.
```{=html}
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- 25 May
- Carnew massacre: summary execution of 38 suspected rebels by the British Army in County Wicklow.
- Massacre of Dunlavin Green: Summary execution of 36 suspected rebels by the British Army in County Wicklow.
- 26 May
- Wexford Rebellion: United Irishmen mobilise in the north of County Wexford. In the Battle of the Harrow, rebels led by Father John Murphy defeat the Camolin Cavalry.
- Battle of Tara Hill: British forces drive United Irishmen from their position with around 400 of the latter killed.
- 27 May -- Battle of Oulart Hill: Wexford rebels led by Father Murphy again defeat the militia.
- 28 May -- Wexford Rebellion: Rebels take Enniscorthy.
- 29 May -- Gibbet Rath massacre: Summary execution of 300--500 rebels by the British Army on the Curragh of Kildare.
- 30 May -- rebels occupy the town of Wexford.
- May -- Blessington House, County Wicklow is burnt to the ground by rebels, and will never be rebuilt.
- 1 June -- Republican government set up in County Wexford.
- 4 June -- Battle of Tuberneering: United Irishmen led by Father Murphy ambush and defeat British forces in north Wexford.
- 5 June -- Battle of New Ross: Wexford rebels are defeated by the British Army.
- 7 June
- Carnew is burned by rebels led by Anthony Perry.
- Battle of Antrim: Antrim United Irishmen led by Henry Joy McCracken attack British forces in Antrim town but are defeated.
- 9 June
- Battle of Arklow: Wexford rebels are defeated by the British Army.
- Battle of Saintfield: troops of the British Army are ambushed by rebels in Saintfield County Down. The United Irishmen secure a victory.
- 12-13 June -- Battle of Ballynahinch: the British Army defeats rebels in County Down. The rebel leader Henry Munro is betrayed and hanged on 16 June in Lisburn.
- 14 June -- Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
- 19 June -- Battle of Ovidstown: British forces defeat United Irishmen led by William Aylmer near Kilcock, County Kildare.
- 21 June -- Battle of Vinegar Hill fought in and nearby Enniscorthy. The British regain control of County Wexford.
- 22 June -- Thomas Judkin-Fitzgerald, High Sheriff of Tipperary, initiates floggings of those in Carrick-on-Suir thought to support the United Irishmen.
- 22 August -- a force of French troops led by General Jean Joseph Amable Humbert lands near Killala in County Mayo and Humbert proclaims an Irish Republic.
- 27 August -- Battle of Castlebar: A combined force of French and United Irishmen under Humbert defeats the British militia under General Lake in County Mayo. Effective start of the Republic of Connacht.
- 31 August -- Humbert proclaims a Republic of Connacht, with John Moore as president.
- 8 September -- the French force is defeated by General Cornwallis at the Battle of Ballinamuck in County Longford. End of the Republic of Connacht.
- 16 September -- a force of seventy armed United Irishmen led by James Napper Tandy in the French corvette *Anacréon* makes a brief and fruitless landing on Inishmacadurn in support of the rebellion.
- 23 September -- Battle of Killala: in the last land battle of the rebellion, the British army defeats the remaining rebel Irish and French forces at Killala.
- 12 October -- Battle of Tory Island: a British Royal Navy squadron under Sir John Borlase Warren prevents French Republican ships landing reinforcements for the United Irishmen on the Donegal coast; Wolfe Tone is captured.
## Arts and literature {#arts_and_literature}
- Completion of the neoclassical summer retreat at Castle Coole to the design of James Wyatt.
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# 1798 in Ireland
## Births
- 15 January -- Thomas Crofton Croker, antiquary (died 1854)
- 3 April -- John Banim, dramatist and playwright (died 1842).
- 28 May -- Alexander Workman, politician in Canada and Mayor of Ottawa (died 1891).
- 11 August -- Dominick Daly, Governor of Prince Edward Island, later Governor of South Australia (died 1868).
- 26 August -- John McClintock, 1st Baron Rathdonnell, politician and Lord Lieutenant of County Louth (died 1879).
- 1 November -- Benjamin Guinness, brewer and philanthropist (died 1868).
- 10 December -- George Fletcher Moore, explorer and writer (died 1886).
- 13 December -- James Henry, physician, classical scholar and poet (died 1876).
Full date unknown
:\*Biddy Early, née Bridget Connors, traditional healer (died 1874).
:\*John St. John Long, quack doctor (died 1834).
:\*Alexander McDonnell, chess master (died 1835).
:\*Richard Turner, iron-founder (died 1881).
## Deaths
- 4 June -- Lord Edward FitzGerald, aristocrat and revolutionary (born 1763).
- 17 July -- Henry Joy McCracken, cotton manufacturer and industrialist, Presbyterian and a founding member of the Society of the United Irishmen (born 1767).
- 6 September -- Walter Patterson, first British colonial Governor of Prince Edward Island (b. c1735).
- 30 September -- Molyneux Shuldham, 1st Baron Shuldham, naval officer and colonial governor of Newfoundland (b. c1717).
- 19 November -- Theobald Wolfe Tone, leading figure in the United Irishmen, died from self-inflicted wound after being sentenced to death for his part in the Irish Rebellion of 1798 (born 1763).
Full date unknown
:\*Boetius Egan, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Tuam (born 1734).
:\*Christopher Hewetson, sculptor (b. c.1737).
:\*Bartholomew Teeling, a leader of the Irish forces during the Irish Rebellion of 1798 (born 1774)
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# OTs-33 Pernach
The **OTs-33 Pernach** (*ОЦ-33 Пернач*, Russian for \"pernach\") is a Russian 9x18 Makarov machine pistol, derived from the 5.45 mm OTs-23 Drotik machine pistol. The Pernach is an automatic pistol designed to replace the Stechkin APS in various special OMON units within the Russian police, the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) and other paramilitary units. The OTs-33 was developed in 1995 by Igor Stechkin at the TsKIB SOO design bureau, and it went into limited production at the KBP Instrument Design Bureau. It is also known as the **SBZ-2** (Russian: СБЗ-2), derived from the names of the KBP team responsible for the pistol, namely Stechkin, Baltser (Бальцер) and Zinchenko (Зинченко).
The designers were tasked with resolving the difficulty of controlling recoil in full-auto mode present in the Stechkin APS pistol and simplifying it for combat deployment. The new pistol has a \"square\" shape, which is simpler (and less expensive) to manufacture and has a novel operating principle that increases controllability and reduces recoil.
## Design details {#design_details}
The OTs-33 is a selective fire blowback-operated weapon mechanically similar to earlier OTs-23 Drotik firing more powerful 9×18mm Makarov pistol cartridge. It can use both types of 9×18mm ammunition, the standard 57-N-181S and the more powerful 57-N-181SM round. The blowback operation incorporates a feature somewhat reminiscent of Pedersen\'s hesitation locking that separates the slide and barrel as they move to the rear during recoil; there is no positive lock between the slide and barrel as in other conventional designs. As the slide and barrel separate, the spent case is ejected and the slide is then forced back to the barrel by a spring action, chambering a fresh cartridge in the process. The barrel and slide continue to the rear together in recoil for another 5 mm before returning to the forward position. This feature improves the automatic fire accuracy, reduces felt recoil, and is responsible for slowing down the cyclic rate of fire, without using a sophisticated rate reducer mechanism such as the one employed in the APS pistol. This method of operation also allows the use of standard and higher-power 9×18mm ammunition without using a locked-breech action. To further reduce felt recoil and compensate for muzzle rise during firing, some propellant gases are diverted into a ported slide cavity that acts as a muzzle brake and compensator, deflecting the gases upward to stabilize the barrel.
The OTs-33 has a double-action trigger mechanism and is hammer fired, with an exposed hammer. The safety/fire selection catch is provided on each side of the pistol at the rear of the slide and has three positions: \"safe\" (top setting with a single white dot), semi-automatic fire (intermediate position marked with a single red dot) and fully automatic fire (lower setting with three red dots). When switched to \"safe\" mode, the selector mechanism safely depresses the hammer before returning to the safe position. An ambidextrous lever, which also serves in disassembly/stripping of the weapon, is provided inside of the trigger guard and just in front of the trigger. The Pernach also features a loaded chamber indicator.
The weapon is aimed using iron sights that consist of an adjustable rear notch and fixed forward blade. The sights have aiming inserts for improved visibility and target acquisition.
A folding metal shoulder stock can be screwed onto a point at the base of the grip in order to alleviate problems aiming the weapon while firing in fully automatic mode.
The OTs-33 is fed using double-column magazines with a capacity of 18 (standard) or 27 (optional) rounds. The OTs-33 frame has an integral accessory rail under the barrel for tactical lights or laser pointers. The pistol can be equipped with a sound suppressor. The OTs-33 is issued with leather holster that features two separate magazine pouches and a shoulder rig
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# Thomas Pennington Lucas
**Thomas Pennington Lucas** (13 April 1843 -- 15 November 1917), also known as **T.P. Lucas**, was a Scottish-born Australian medical practitioner, naturalist, author, philosopher and utopianist.
## Early life {#early_life}
Lucas was born in Dunbar, Scotland to Samuel Lucas, a Wesleyan Methodist minister, and Elizabeth Broadhurst. Lucas inherited from his father a love of natural history and a lifelong determination to reconcile his strong religious beliefs with his scientific convictions, as evidenced in many of his books. Because his father was often on the move to new postings, taking his family with him, Thomas was educated at King Edward VI Grammar School at Stratford-on-Avon, Helston Grammar School, Cornwall, and New Kingswood School in Bath.
## Move to Australia {#move_to_australia}
Having developed tuberculosis, in 1876 Thomas Lucas migrated to Melbourne, Australia where he set up a medical practice. His three living children joined him there in 1879 after being cared for by his brother, Arthur Henry Shakespeare Lucas. Arthur followed him to Melbourne in 1883 and became a well known biologist and schoolmaster in his own right.
Lucas and his family moved to Brisbane, Queensland in 1886. His medical practice was first set up in central Brisbane, moving in the early 1890s to South Brisbane. Later he relocated to Acacia Ridge south of Brisbane, then finally to New Farm in inner north Brisbane from 1911 until Lucas\'s death.
A firm believer in the medicinal properties of pawpaws, Thomas Lucas developed and marketed Lucas\' Papaw Ointment, which is still produced by Lucas\'s descendants from a location at Beaudesert Road, Acacia Ridge. In 2009 as part of the Q150 celebrations, the Lucas\' Pawpaw Ointment was announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for its role as an iconic \"innovation and invention\".
## Scientist
In 1882 Thomas Lucas founded the Field Naturalists Club of Victoria. During his lifetime he collected a large number of butterfly and moth specimens, some of which eventually found their way into the possession of the South Australian Museum.
Lucas was a member of various learned societies including the Linnean Society, the Royal Society, the Royal College of Surgeons, and the British Medical Association in England; and the Linnean Society of New South Wales, the Royal Society of Queensland, and the Natural History Society of Queensland.
## Author
Thomas Lucas published a number of books during his lifetime, mostly on non-fiction topics. Some however were works of fiction; they include *The Curse and its Cure*, comprising two novels bound and published together in 1894, *The Ruins of Brisbane in the Year 2000* and *Brisbane Rebuilt in the Year 2200*. These novels are believed to be the first to be published anywhere that use Brisbane as their setting.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Lucas was married three times:
1. to Mary Frances Davies from 1868 until her death in 1875 at age 30. They had six children, of whom three survived: Thomas Pennington (born 1869), Arthur Henry (1871) and Celia Juliana (1874);
2. to Mary Bradbury Ironside from 1878 until her death in 1888. She too bore six children, of whom only one, Eunice Sarah (born 1886), survived beyond infancy;
3. to Susan Draper from 1889 until Thomas\'s death. They had no children.
After being confined to his room for nearly two weeks, Lucas died in his home in Brisbane aged 73
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# Operation Resolute
**Operation Resolute** is the involvement of the Australian Defence Force (ADF) in Australian government efforts to prevent unauthorised entries to sovereign Australian territory. This has mainly taken the forms of: remote surveillance; air, sea and land patrols by ADF personnel; seizure of \"suspected irregular entry vessels\", and; locating/assisting people who have entered Australia via such a vessel (prior to the apprehension of such people by relevant civilian authorities). Operation Resolute began on 17 July 2006 and consolidated a number of previous ADF operations, including Operation Relex.
Operation Resolute is commanded by the joint civilian-military Maritime Border Command and the ADF contributes Royal Australian Navy ships, Royal Australian Air Force aircraft and patrols from the Australian Army\'s Regional Force Surveillance Units as required.
Defence personnel and civilians deployed may be eligible for the Australian Operational Service Medal, specifically the Australian Operational Service Medal -- Border Protection (AOSM-BP)
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# Antônio Silva (fighter)
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``
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# Steel strike of 1959
The **steel strike of 1959** was a 116-day labor union strike (July 15 -- November 7, 1959) by members of the United Steelworkers of America (USWA) that idled the steel industry throughout the United States. The strike occurred over management\'s demand that the union give up a contract clause which limited management\'s ability to change the number of workers assigned to a task or to introduce new work rules or machinery which would result in reduced hours or numbers of employees. The strike\'s effects persuaded President Dwight D. Eisenhower to invoke the back-to-work provisions of the Taft-Hartley Act. The union sued to have the Act declared unconstitutional, but the Supreme Court upheld the law.
The union eventually retained the contract clause and won minimal wage increases. On the other hand, the strike led to significant importation of foreign steel for the first time in U.S. history, which replaced the domestic steel industry in the long run. The strike remained the longest work stoppage in the American steel industry until the steel strike of 1986.
## Background
The USWA was an empowering and militant organization started by Philip Murray who was an outspoken advocate for fair wages among mill workers. In 1946 a dispute between the USWA and Benjamin Fearless, the chairman United States Steel Corporation, came to the attention of President Truman. At the time, US Steel was a highly profitable and workers felt their wages should be increased. Intense bargaining ensued, and federal officials, including John Snyder the Reconversion Director and Charles Bowles from the Price Administration, attempted to broker an agreement by freezing steel prices at \$2.40 a ton in the hopes of taming inflation. As the prospects of a strike increased, President Truman offered his compromise of "an eighteen and one-half cent increment in wages and four dollars-per-ton price boost." Fearless held firm, however, and a short one month long strike ensued until Truman offered another compromise of "an additional one dollar-per-ton price raise."
Short strikes became a pattern between Murray and Fearless and happened again in 1949 and 1952 usually ending with some sort of government brokered agreement. Philip Murray died of a heart attack in November 1952, and in 1953, the USWA executive board named David J. McDonald president.
McDonald emphasized enhanced fringe benefits. The election of Dwight Eisenhower as US president and Republican majorities in the United States Congress (at least from 1952 to 1954) made expansion of social programs unlikely, but Eisenhower indeed would extend many of Roosevelt\'s programs.
Subsequently, McDonald focused negotiations on benefits such as unemployment compensation, health insurance, pensions, tuition reimbursement and other items. Throughout the 1950s, however, McDonald felt an intense rivalry with the United Auto Workers (UAW). The UAW often won better wage and benefit packages than the Steelworkers and were able to obtain the closed shop. McDonald\'s negotiating stands often reflected the interunion jealousy.
McDonald led the Steelworkers on strike in 1956, winning substantial wage increases, unemployment benefits, layoff rights, and improved pensions.
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# Steel strike of 1959
## Causes
American steel and the USWA were in distress for a long time, searching for their own rights within the company. Prior to the 1959 steel strike the USWA was operating under the 1956 labor agreement that provided minimal wage increases despite inflationary pressure and increases in the price of steel. In order to maximize profits, domestic steel producers imported more foreign steel, which angered further union workers and made a strike imminent.
Prior to the strike union officials urged local and state politicians to use their influence to secure a more favorable contract. For example, Tennessee state senator Estes Kefauver wrote to the White House to demand that the President take action. \"I again urge you to use the full powers of your office in order to prevent this disastrous occurrence \[i.e. price hikes\]. I am confident that if you would bring together the leaders of the steel industry and the United Steel Workers of America, a realistic hold-the-line price-wage program could be developed.\"
Prior to the 1959 strike, the major American steel companies were reporting high profits which led McDonald and Steelworkers general counsel Arthur J. Goldberg to request a major wage increase. Industry negotiators refused to grant a wage increase unless McDonald agreed to a substantial alteration or an elimination of Section 2(b) of the union\'s national master contract.
Section 2(b) of the steelworkers\' contract limited management\'s ability to change the number of workers assigned to a task or to introduce new work rules or machinery that would result in reduced hours or fewer employees. Management claimed that it helped featherbedding and reduced the competitiveness of the American steel industry.
Although McDonald was a strong advocate for wage increases, his \"shaky leadership\" did not put the union in a good position prior to the strike. McDonald characterized management\'s proposals as an attempt to break the union. Negotiations broke off, and the contract expired on July 1, 1959.
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# Steel strike of 1959
## Strike
President Eisenhower asked both sides to extend the agreement and resume bargaining. McDonald and Goldberg offered to extend the contract by one year. They also proposed creating a joint committee to study changes to Section 2(b) and to the contract\'s benefit structure. Steelmakers rejected the offer.
On July 15, 500,000 steelworkers went on strike. The strike shuttered nearly every steel mill in the country. By the end of August, the Department of Defense voiced concern that there would not be enough steel to meet national defense needs in a crisis.
The AFL--CIO quickly began to pressure McDonald to end the strike. Its president, George Meany, was willing to support the strike if it did not affect national security negatively. The strike was also affecting the automaking industry, which was threatening to lay off tens of thousands of Walter Reuther\'s members from a steel shortage.
On September 28, 1959, Eisenhower met privately with McDonald and Goldberg and threatened to invoke the back-to-work provisions of the Taft--Hartley Act. McDonald was unwilling to budge on Section 2(b) without other concessions from the steelmakers. The steel companies, realizing that they could wait until Eisenhower forced union members back to work, refused to make any such concessions.
### Invocation of Taft--Hartley {#invocation_of_tafthartley}
Eisenhower set in motion the Taft--Hartley machinery on October 7 and appointed a Board of Inquiry. However, Eisenhower limited the Board\'s mandate to clarifying the issues rather than recommending a settlement. Realizing that the strike could linger despite the use of the Taft--Hartley provisions, management offered a three-year contract with small improvements in pay and fringe benefits and binding arbitration over Section 2(b). McDonald rejected the offer. He proposed a contract similar to his proposal of early July but reduced the union\'s wage and benefit demands and limited the contract to two rather than three years. Working from a plan devised by Goldberg, McDonald also proposed a nine-member committee consisting of three members from labor, management, and the public to study and resolve work-rule issues. Management rejected the new proposal.
The Board of Inquiry issued its final report on October 19 and declared that there was no chance of a negotiated settlement.
On October 20, the Department of Justice petitioned the federal district court for western Pennsylvania for a Taft--Hartley injunction ordering the steelworkers back to work. Goldberg argued that the Taft--Hartley Act was unconstitutional, but the district court ruled for the government on October 21. However, the court agreed to a stay of the injunction until the matter was fully settled. The union appealed to the Third Circuit Court of Appeals in Philadelphia and lost again on October 27. The United States Supreme Court granted certiorari and set argument for November 3, 1959.
### Settlement with Kaiser Steel {#settlement_with_kaiser_steel}
Meanwhile, a budding friendship between Goldberg and Kaiser Steel heir Edgar Kaiser led to an independent settlement between the union and Kaiser Steel on October 26. Although the Steelworkers won only a fractionally higher wage increase than the steelmakers had proposed, the settlement included the nine-member committee, proposed earlier by Goldberg and McDonald.
### Defeat in Supreme Court {#defeat_in_supreme_court}
On November 7, 1959, on the 116th day of the strike, the Supreme Court upheld the appellate court\'s findings. In *Steelworkers v. United States*, 361 U.S. 39 (1959), in an 8--1 *per curiam* decision, the court upheld the constitutionality of the Taft-Hartley Act. The justices affirmed the district court\'s injunction, ordering the workers back to work for an 80-day cooling-off period.
McDonald reluctantly ordered his members back to work, but productivity slowed from extremely poor relationships between workers and managers. The Taft--Hartley Act required management to make a last offer and for union members to vote on this proposal. Management proposed minimal improvements in wages and benefits and the elimination of Section 2(b). McDonald turned management of the union over to Goldberg to concentrate the legal and bargaining work in one set of hands. Goldberg convinced the leadership of the union to reject the proposal, and the members followed suit.
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# Steel strike of 1959
## Strike
### Nixon\'s intervention {#nixons_intervention}
Rejecting the contract was a dangerous tactic and could have broken the union if not for the support of Vice President Richard Nixon. Nixon planned to run for president in 1960 and offered his services in the hopes of negotiating a settlement, which might win him labor\'s backing.
The Board of Inquiry, meanwhile, reconvened on November 10 and issued a second report on January 6, 1960. The major issues, the Board said, remained the size of the wage increase and Section 2(b).
In December, Nixon met privately with the steelmakers and cautioned them that the Democratic Congress would soon begin hearings on the steel strike. Neither Republicans nor Democrats would support the steel companies if the strike triggered an election-year recession, and Nixon urged management to accept the terms of the Kaiser Steel settlement. Industry executives agreed to a new contract, similar to the Kaiser Steel settlement, in the last week of December.
## Settlement
The Taft-Hartley Act was invoked with one key stipulation, management must submit their final offer by "the sixtieth day of the 80 day cooling off period." Workers had the option to decline the offer and strike again, allowing them the freedom of choice if they felt their expectations were unmet. The strike ended on January 4, 1959 preserving section 2(b) and providing for a 30 month contract through June 1962. The USWA received wage increases of 7 cents an hour, and health benefits and pensions were improved greatly. The original bargaining points from steel management were completely ignored and most of management\'s demands were not met.
Eisenhower saw this as a big victory for "voluntary bargaining free of governmental involvement." Because management had to either make a final decision or deal with another crippling strike, US Steel CEO Roger M. Blough did not have the same view of the settlement stating;
"The union\'s refusal of \[our earlier\] offer created a serious deadlock. The union not only refused to bargain lower but after negotiating settlements in other industries, withdrew its previous offer and raised its demands very substantially. So it was at this point-and under these circumstances, that administration officials in Washington sought to bring the parties together and eventually recommended a settlement which both parties ultimately accepted."
Labor was obviously pleased that it gained more than it expected.
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# Steel strike of 1959
## Impact
In the long run, the strike devastated the American steel industry. More than 85 percent of U.S. steel production had been shut down for almost four months. Hungry for steel, American industries began importing steel from foreign sources. Steel imports had been negligible prior to 1959. But during the strike, basic U.S. industries found Japanese and Korean steel to be less costly than American steel even after accounting for importation costs. The sudden shift toward imported steel set in motion a series of events, which led to the gradual decline of the American steel industry.
The strike also eventually ended McDonald\'s tenure as president of the Steelworkers. Eager to avoid a repetition of the 1959 strike, McDonald worked with steel industry executives to widen the mandate of the new nine-member commissions (now known as \"Human Relations Committees\"). A three-year national steel contract was signed on March 31, 1962. The union agreed not to enforce Section 2 (b) and permitted increased automation, with a percentage of the profits from automation going to wage increases. However, union members began to feel McDonald was not protecting their interests.
In 1965, Iorwith Wilbur Abel challenged McDonald for the presidency of the union. The February 9 election was a bitter one. Voting irregularities and challenged ballots delayed a final result until April 30. Abel won by a razor-thin margin of 10,142 votes, out of 600,678 cast
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# Wijlre
**Wijlre** (`{{IPA|nl|ˈʋilreː|lang}}`{=mediawiki} `{{IPA|nl|ˈʋilrə|label=or}}`{=mediawiki}; *Wielder*) is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is located in the municipality of Gulpen-Wittem.
## History
The village was first mentioned in 1075 as Wilere, and means \"farm or hamlet\". Wijlre developed in the Middle Ages between the Geul and the flank of the Ubachsberg. It became an independent parish in 1262.
Wijlre Castle was built shortly after 1652 on the location of medieval fortified building. Three servant\'s wings with mansard roofs were added in the 18th century. The garden were designed in 1810. In 1939, a casemate was built near the entrance to the castle.
The Catholic St Gertrudis Church was built between 1835 and 1839 as a replacement of its 13th century predecessor. In 1896, the church was enlarged by Pierre Cuypers. Between 1924 and 1925, the eastern side with tower was added.
Wijlre was home to 420 people in 1840. In 1853, a joint railway station with Gulpen opened on the Aachen to Maastricht railway line. The station closed in 1988. In 1871, Brand Brewery was founded in Wijlre.
Wijlre was a separate municipality until 1982, when it was merged with Gulpen.
## Notable people {#notable_people}
- Antoon Coolen (1897--1961), author
## Gallery
<File:Wijlre-Oude> gemeentehuis (2).jpg\|Former town hall <File:Brand> Bierbrouwerij Wijlre.jpg\|Brand brewery <File:Wijlre>, de Sint Gertrudiskerk RM39736 foto3 2014-09-28 14.36.jpg\|St Gertrudis Church <File:Overzicht> van de achtergevel van het omgrachte kasteel met meerdere terassen en dakruiter, gezien vanuit het park aan de overzijde - Wijlre - 20408854 - RCE
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# KZLA
**KZLA** (98.3 FM, \"Old School 98.3\") is a radio station licensed to serve Riverdale, California. The station is owned by Riverdale Broadcasting, LLC. Programming is also heard on a 100 Watt Translator (K269FA 101.7) in Huron, California
## History
The station was assigned the KHRN call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on June 15, 2000. On September 5, 2006, the station changed its call sign to the current KZLA.
The KZLA call sign had previously belonged to Emmis Communications for a country music station in Los Angeles; on August 17, 2006, the country format was replaced and in September the call sign was changed. More details of that station\'s history are at KLLI (FM) \"Cali 93.9\"
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# Chung Laung Liu
**Chung Laung Liu** (`{{zh|t=劉炯朗|p=Liú Jiǒnglǎng}}`{=mediawiki}; 1934 -- 7 November 2020), also known as **David Liu** or **C. L. Liu**, was a Taiwanese computer scientist. He received his undergraduate degree in Taiwan, master\'s degree and doctorate in the United States.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Liu was born in Guangzhou and spent his childhood in Macau. He received his B.S. degree (1956) at National Cheng Kung University in Taiwan, and his M.S. degree (1960), and his Doctor of Science (D.Sc.) degree (1962) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
## Career
He was on the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1962--1972) and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (1972--1998), where he was Associate Provost from 1995 to 1998. He then retired from UIUC and served as President and Professor of Computer Science at the National Tsing Hua University (NTHU) in Hsinchu, Taiwan from February 1998 to February 2002. He was the William Mong Honorary Chair Professor at National Tsing Hua University. He was a visiting professor at City University of Hong Kong, and at Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan, and Li K. T. Honorary Chair Professor at National Central University. Since 2007 he was Li Kuo-Ting Forum Professor at National Cheng Kung University.
He was the author and co-author of seven books and monographs, and over 180 technical papers. His research interests included computer-aided design of VLSI circuits, real-time systems, computer-aided instruction, combinatorial optimization, and discrete mathematics.
## Awards and honors {#awards_and_honors}
He received the IEEE Millennium Medal, and the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Golden Jubilee Medal in 2000. He also received the IEEE Computer Society, Real Time Systems Technical Committee 1999 Technical Achievement Award (inaugural winner) for his contributions in the area of real time scheduling, and the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society 1998 Technical Achievement Award for his contributions in the area of computer aided design of VLSI circuits. He received an Outstanding Talents Foundation Award in 1998. He was the recipient of the 1994 IEEE Education Medal. He also received the Taylor L. Booth Education Award from the IEEE Computer Society in 1992, and the inaugural winner of the Karl V. Karlstrom Education Award from the Association for Computing Machinery in 1989.
He was a member of Academia Sinica (elected 2000), a fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and a fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery.
In 2004, the University of Macau awarded him an honorary doctorate.
Liu was married to Jane Liu, also a distinguished computer scientist and known for her work in real-time computing. He died on 7 November 2020, aged 86, in Taipei.
## Awards
- 2016: ACM SIGDA Pioneering Achievement Award
- 2014: IEEE Gustav Robert Kirchhoff Award
- 2011: Phil Kaufman Award, for technical and business contributions in Electronic design automation
- 2000: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Millennium Medal, and the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Golden Jubilee Medal
- 1999: The IEEE Computer Society, Real Time Systems Technical Committee 1999 Technical Achievement Award (inaugural winner) for his contributions in the area of real time scheduling,
- 1999: The IEEE Circuits and Systems Society 1998 Technical Achievement Award for his contributions in the area of computer aided design of VLSI circuits.
- 1998: Outstanding Talents Foundation Award
- 1994: IEEE Education Medal and ACM Fellow.
- 1992: The Taylor L. Booth Education Award from the IEEE Computer Society
- 1989: Karl V
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# Fahda bint Asi Al Shammari
**Fahda bint Asi bin Shuraim Al Shammari** (*فهدة بنت العاصي بن شريم الشمري*) (died 1934) was an Arab woman of the Shammar tribe who was first married to her kinsman Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Rashid, Emir of Jabal Shammar, and later to King Abdulaziz of Saudi Arabia. By her first marriage, she had two sons: Abdulaziz and Mishaal. By her second marriage, she was the mother of King Abdullah, Princess Nouf, and Princess Seeta.
## Early life {#early_life}
Fahda was a member of the Abde section of the powerful Shammar tribe. She was the daughter of Asi bin Shuraim Al Shammari, who was the sheikh of the southern part of the tribe. Fahda had three brothers, Mutani, Sultan and Ghazi, and one sister, Shima.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Fahda bint Asi first married her kinsman and the tenth Al Rashid Emir, Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Rashid. Fahda had two children with Emir Saud: Abdulaziz and Mishaal. They lived in Barzan Palace, Hail. In 1920 one of Fahda and Saud\'s cousins, Abdullah bin Talal, assassinated Saud.
Following her husband\'s killing, Fahda married Abdulaziz Al Saud in 1922 becoming his eighth spouse. Abdulaziz adopted Fahda\'s two sons following the marriage.
Fahda was one of the three Al Rashid women married to Abdulaziz. The others were Noura bint Sibhan, former spouse of Emir Muhammad bin Talal Al Rashid and Jawaher, daughter of Emir Muhammad bin Talal. The reason for these marriages is thought to build a truce with the Rashidis or to make them loyal elements in the country. In other words, Abdulaziz married them to eliminate the potential problems caused by the Rashidis. In addition, Fahda\'s father, Asi bin Shuraim Al Shammari, became one of the most prominent supporters of King Abdulaziz, and joined his forces in several battles during the formation of Saudi Arabia, including the Battle of Sabilla in 1929.
Fahda and King Abdulaziz had three children. Her first child from this marriage was Abdullah, the sixth king of Saudi Arabia. Her other two children were Nouf and Seeta. Fahda died in 1934.
## Legacy
King Abdullah inaugurated the Fahda bint Asi Al Shuraim Secondary School for Qualification in Boskora, Morocco, in August 2009. The school is made up of eighteen classrooms for general training, nine science classrooms, three classrooms for preparation, a library, and special areas for sports
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# Garda Technical Bureau
The **Garda Technical Bureau** (*Biúró Teicniúil an Gharda Síochána*) is the longest established specialist unit in the Garda Síochána, the police and security service of the Ireland. The bureau, based at Garda headquarters in the Phoenix Park, comprises eight sections, each providing a specialist service to the wider Garda Síochána:
1. Photography
2. Mapping
3. Fingerprinting
4. Forensic Document Examination
5. Ballistics
6. Forensic Liaison Office
7. *Fógra Tóra* (Garda information booklet)
8
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| 0 |
10,132,393 |
# Paolo Anesi
**Paolo Anesi** (1697--1773) was an Italian painter of the 18th century, active mainly in painting capriccios and landscapes (vedute) in the style of Giovanni Paolo Pannini.
## Biography
Born in Florence, he trained with Giuseppe Bartolomeo Chiari and Bernardino Fergioni. He was admitted to the Accademia di San Luca and to the Congregation of the Virtuosi of the Pantheon (1747).
He collaborated with Paolo Monaldi in a number of works, described as *Bambocciata* or genre scenes with peasants. Anesi contributed the landscape and architecture. Together they were hired in 1763-1766 by Cardinal Flavio Chigi to decorate his villa outside of Porta Salaria. These frescoes and paintings were removed and sold, and consisted of large canvases depicting:
- *Landscape with Vista of Borgheto*
- *Fantasy Landscape (Capriccio) of Lazio with dancing figures and river*
- *Vedute of Ariccia*
- *Fantasy Landscape (Capriccio) of Roman Ruins and Figures*
Among his pupils was Francesco Zuccarelli. Anesi completed also a *Views of Rome* series containing both The Colosseum and the Arch of Constantine
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# Enterprise State Community College
**Enterprise State Community College** is a public community college in Enterprise, Alabama. It was created by the Alabama State Board of Education in February 2003 by reorganizing **Enterprise State Junior College** to include the Alabama Aviation Centers at Ozark and Mobile. In December 2009, the Alabama State Board of Education approved a name change for the college to Enterprise State Community College with a marketing name for the aviation programs as the **Alabama Aviation College, a unit of Enterprise State Community College**
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# Institute of Modern Languages, University of Dhaka
The **Institute of Modern Languages** (IML) is an institute of the University of Dhaka in Bangladesh dedicated to teaching various modern languages including Bengali, English, French, German, Russian, Spanish, Italian, Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Hindi. Four levels of certificate courses are offered for each language, Bengali being the only language exclusively reserved for foreign international students. B.A Honours programs in English, French, Mandarin Chinese and Japanese have been recently added to the curriculum, where an additional Masters program was added to the English curriculum. For junior courses, a student must obtain at least G.P.A. 2.5 in higher secondary exam. For upper certificate courses, he must pass admission test. Anyone passing DU admission test from B unit will be eligible to enroll for honours courses.
## History
In July 1947, the Department of International Relations was established at the University of Dhaka.
On the first of July 1974 the Institute of Modern Languages was established as an integral part of University of Dhaka, incorporating the Department of Foreign Languages of 1964 into its constitution.
In recent years the number of students has been declining. However the Korean language department was expanded in 2014
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# Timeline of the Transnistria War
This **timeline of events** is a chronological list of incidents and other notable occurrences related to the **War of Transnistria**, including events leading up to the war.
## 1988
- 30 December 1988: in Chişinău, with the help of A. Bolshakov (the manager of \"Tochilmash\" factory from Tiraspol) an organisation, \"Interdvizheniye\" (Inter-movement), is formed. That later was renamed into \"Yedinstvo\" (Unity) -- a movement with the aim of defending the interests of Russians living in Moldovan SSR. This movement was against the acceptance of Moldovan (Romanian) as the official language, Latin script for Moldovan SSR and later supported Transnistrian separatism.
## 1989 {#section_1}
- 30 March 1989: the presidium of the Supreme Council of the Moldavian SSR carried out onto a national discussion the draft laws \"On the status of the state language of the Moldavian SSR\" and \"On the use of languages in the territory of the Moldavian SSR\".
- March 1989: creation of the Popular Front of Moldova that was oriented onto Romania.
- 11 August 1989: in response on creation of Popular Front of Moldova, Tiraspol created own organization, the United Council of Working Collectives.
- 27 August 1989: the Popular Front of Moldova organized a mass demonstration in Chişinău, that became known as the *Great National Assembly*, which pressured the authorities of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic to adopt a language law on August 31, 1989, that proclaimed the Moldovan language written in the Latin script to be the state language of the Moldavian SSR. Its identity with the Romanian language was also established.
- 21 August -- 22 September 1989: mass strikes rocked the left bank of Dniester accounting for some 200,000.
- 31 August 1989: the Supreme Council of the Moldavian SSR adopted laws on languages. It has been the National Language Day ever since.
- 7--10 November 1989 (Soviet Holiday: Day of the October Revolution): civil unrest in Chișinău, attack upon the headquarters of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
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## 1990 {#section_2}
- 27 April 1990: the Supreme Council of the Moldavian SSR adopted a new state flag (see Flag of Moldova) with a temporary coat of arms.
- 5 June 1990: the Supreme Council of the Moldavian SSR established a name for the new state -- the Republic of Moldova.
- 23 June 1990: there was adopted a declaration of sovereignty of the Republic of Moldova, stating that the republic is a single, sovereign, and non-divided state, and that these laws would henceforth supersede the laws of the Soviet Union. The Parliament of Moldova also:
1. announced that the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact was considered invalid.
2. announced that the creation of the Moldavian SSR was unlawful.
3. adopted the decision to abolish the Moldavian SSR, an entity created on 2 August 1940.
- July 1990: the 2nd Congress of the Popular Front of Moldova proposed to rename the country to the Romanian Republic of Moldova.
- 15 July 1990: Anatoly Lukyanov, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in Moscow, sends a letter written by Transnistrian and Gagauzian separatists to \"Izvestia\".
- August 1990: the Moldovan SSR refuses to participate in the referendum for the retention of the Soviet Union, but in the Gagauz and Transnistrian regions -- and with the help of Soviet 14th Guards Army (according to an agreement between Anatoly Lukyanov and Igor Smirnov) -- a referendum is organised.
- 2 September 1990: the Transnistrian Republic is proclaimed in Tiraspol at the 2nd Extraordinary Congress of Deputies and elected a temporary Supreme Council. Igor Smirnov is confirmed the chairman of the council. The council also adopted its own declaration on sovereignty and law on languages.
- 16 September 1990: a meeting protesting against separatism is held in the village of Lunga, near Dubăsari.
- 2 November 1990: the bridges over the Dniester are blocked by separatists. At the bridge near Dubăsari, clashes are reported between the Moldavian police and civilians supporting separatism. A part of Moldovan forces, not having shields and being attacked by the crowd, shot into the air and into the ground, causing 3 deaths and several wounded by ricochet. Two of the dead are ethnic Moldovans, who support independence for Transnistria. The third, also an independence supporter, is an ethnic Ukrainian.
- 22 December 1990: the Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev signed a decree \"regarding the measures that would bring the situation back to normal in the Moldavian SSR\".
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## 1991 {#section_3}
- 12 March 1991: based on the order of V. C. Bogdanov, a place tenant on the Tiraspol city Executive Committee, a 200-strong military unit is formed, with weapons and ammunition received from the Soviet Army. The same situation occurs in Tighina, Dubăsari and Rîbnița.
- May 1991: the Moldovan government of Mircea Druc, a coalition between the Moldovan Popular Front and the reformist wing of the Communist Party of Moldova, is dismissed. The Moldovan Popular Front enters into opposition.
- May 1991: the Supreme Soviet of Transnistria orders all policemen from the Transnistrian territory to obey the separatist authorities. A separatist Ministry of Interior and Prosecutor\'s Office is also formed.
- 19 August 1991: separatist authorities proclaim an exceptional situation at Tiraspol and Tighina. Dniester guards are patrolling the cities and roads are blocked. Transnistrian leaders ask the local population to support the coup which is currently underway in Moscow.
- In the aftermath of the failure of the Soviet coup attempt of 1991, on 27 August 1991, the Moldovan parliament adopted the Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Moldova. The PMR interpreted this as meaning that the 1940-merger of the two sides of the Dniester river was dissolved.
- 29 August 1991: Transnistria\'s independence leader Igor Smirnov and three other deputies arrived in Kyiv to meet the Ukrainian leader Leonid Kravchuk. Several separatists leaders, including Igor Smirnov, Andrei Cheban and G. Pologov, are arrested by Moldova\'s police and immediately transported to a prison in Moldova. In protest, the women\'s strike committee headed by Galina Andreeva blocked the Moscow-Chişinău railway line at a waypoint between Bender and Tiraspol, until the arrested were freed by the president of Moldova Mircea Snegur in an attempt to quell the spirits.
- 6 and 18 September 1991: separatist authorities order all military units of the Soviet Union in the region to obey the jurisdiction of Transnistria.
- 10--20 September 1991: at the instigation of the Odesa military district leadership a general assembly of officers and non-commissioned officers from the Soviet Army in Transnistria is held. On this occasion, an agreement is expressed to support Transnistrian separatism, independent of any orders from Moscow.
- 11 September 1991: the Russian military unit 03517 from Rîbnița decides to defend the Transnistrian Republic.
- 19 September 1991: a police unit in Rîbnița is captured by separatists.
- 22 September 1991: a police unit in Camenca is captured by separatists.
- 2 October 1991: Tiraspol city Executive Committee issues a decision asking the local police force to refuse to cede authority to the authorities in Chişinău.
- 16 October 1991: at Dubăsari, an explosion occurs at the police station, which is still loyal to the authorities in Chişinău.
- 8 November 1991: the newspaper *Nezavismaya Moldova* publishes facts about human rights abuses in Transnistria: namely, explosions, burning of the homes of people who refuse to accept the separatist authorities, threats against the family of policeman Vladimir Colesnic (the second in command of the Dubăsari police unit which refused to accept the separatist authority) and the situation of the refugees.
- 15 November 1991: in Tighina and Dubăsari people are forbidden to subscribe to Romanian language newspapers from Chişinău.
- 19 November 1991: weaponry and ammunition is transferred from the 14th Soviet Army unit to the separatist authorities.
- 21 November 1991: authorities from Tiraspol forbid local businesses to collaborate with the National Bank of Moldova.
- 26--30 November 1991: Transnistrian guard from Rîbnița receive weapons and ammunition from the 14th Soviet Army unit based at Colbasna.
- 27 November 1991: in the local authority\'s building in Teia (Transnistria) village (Grigoriopol district) 6 people from Tiraspol (2 with automatic guns) force the local authority to organise a ballot for the election of the Transnistrian president. The same situation occurs in other areas in Transnistria.
- 27 November 1991: a delegation from the International Helsinki Committee for Human Rights visit Moldova. Igor Smirnov refuses to participate in the meeting in Tiraspol with the foreign visitors.
- 27 November 1991: *Trudovoi Tiraspol*, a newspaper run by OSTK, publishes a list detailing the names and addresses of Moldovan policemen from Transnistria who refuse to obey the separatist authorities and ask for reprisals against them.
- 1 December 1991: a group of around 20-25 people (6 of them with automatic guns) enter the village of Mălăieşti in Grigoriopol district and petition the election officials from the Transnistrian authorities. However, the local villagers refuse to participate in elections. Meanwhile, the same incidents occur in Speia, Butor and Taşlîc.
- 1--5 December 1991: all the bridges over the Dniester are blocked by separatist forces.
- 5 December 1991: Viktor Malic, an assistant at the Soviet Union\'s Ministry of the Interior, (in an interview with \"Nezavisimaia Moldova\") reveals that as, the result of research done by the Soviet Union\'s Prosecutor\'s Office - regarding the events on 2 November 1990 in Dubăsari - the Transnistrian authorities had acted unlawfully and Moldovan police acted within their legal limits.
- 6 December 1991: a group of armed separatists order the Slobozia police unit to accept the jurisdiction of Transnistria. The commander of this police unit is beaten and prevented from accessing his local force.
- 6 December 1991: Transnistrian guards open fire on a car belonging to the Moldovan police at the bridge over Dniester at Gura Bâcului. The policeman, N. Dociu, is wounded.
- 8 December 1991: L. Toderaş, the prosecutor of Tighina city, is arrested by separatists and interrogated at OSTK.
- 8 December 1991: 700 Transnistrian guards and cossacks, armed with bren guns, armoured carriers and grenade throwers (and all received from the Russian 14th Guards Army) mass at the outskirts of Dubăsari. The police receive an ultimatum to swear allegiance to the Transnistrian Republic.
- 9 December 1991: a police unit from Tighina are visited by a group of separatists (headed by Kogut from Tiraspol) and inform the local commandant, V. Gusleacov, that he is being dismissed from his position. The separatists also ask him to give them the keys and all relevant documents to the newly appointed police chief. Gusleacov refused, and the police unit is then surrounded by Transnistrian guards. Tighina policemen who later attend this incident are arrested and disarmed. The building housing the local Transport Police is subsequently attacked and all vehicles are confiscated. The local police are aided by people from nearby villages such as Varniţa, Chircăieşti, Ursoaia forcing the Transnistrian guard to withdraw.
- 10 December 1991: near the village Lunga, 5 Transnistrian guards stop a car with policeman A. Ismailov inside. The guards take Ismailov out of the car, beat him and confiscate his gun.
- 10 December 1991: S. Trocin and V. Oprea are arrested in Tighina and imprisoned for several days in a basement simply because they spoke Romanian in a Sovetskaia street.
- 11 December 1991: elections are held for the position of President of Transnistria.
- On the night of 12 to 13 December 1991: the Police station in Dubăsari is besieged by separatists forces. 35 policemen are in the building and all receive death threats.
- 13 December 1991: a group of policemen are sent to assist the besieged Dubăsari police station but are attacked with bren guns. 4 policemen are killed in this incident; Ghenadie Iablocikin, Mihail Arnăut, Valentin Mereniuc and Gheorghe Caşu.
- 13 December 1991: at Tighina, a reporter from Moldovan television is arrested and his camera confiscated. He is later freed after the Moldovan police intervene.
- 14 December 1991: in Dubăsari, shots are fired at electrician A. Terentiev and against a truck belonging to the regional Soviet (which had refused to accept separatism). The truck driver, V. Chiriac, and his passenger, are wounded.
- 14 December 1991: policemen S. Lopatiuc and V. Dorofenco are taken hostage by separatists. They are hospitalized after being beaten.
- 14 December 1991: the newspaper *Drujba* from Grigoriopol, which voiced opinions against separatism, is closed by the Transnistrian authorities. A local radio station is also attacked.
- 15 December 1991: the Moldovan president, Mircea Snegur, meets with Igor Smirnov.
- 21 December 1991: Igor Smirnov is elected an honorary cossack
- 26 December 1991: the Soviet Union is dissolved.
- 27 December 1991: access to the building housing the regional Dubăsari Soviet (which had refused to accept separatism) is blocked by the Transnistrian authorities.
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## 1992 {#section_4}
- 3 January 1992: the building housing the KGB unit at Tighina is occupied by separatists.
- 3 January 1992: the mayor of Varniţa, A. Cuconescu, and several other people are arrested in Varniţa Town Hall and taken to Tiraspol where they are interrogated and threatened with prison. They are later freed after a request from the Chişinău authorities.
- 6 January: on the road between Dubăsari and Rîbnița 6 armed Transnistrian guards capture Moldovan policemen P. Frecăuțan and H. Adam. They are ordered to leave the region with their families and are threatened with death if they refuse.
- 9 January 1992: 70 armed separatists attack a column of trucks from military unit 07481, which transports weapons from Hlinaia (Grigoriopol district) to Chişinău. Trucks, weapons and ammunition are all captured by the separatists.
- 12 January 1992: Transnistrian guards open fire on a car belonging to the Moldovan police in Dubăsari. 2 people, policemen S. Ţîstoi and a passenger, are wounded. In another incident at Dubăsari, another 2 people are wounded, policeman S. Manole and G. Damaschin.
- 13 January 1992: E. Martin and V. Plămădeală are shot and wounded by Transnistrian guards at an exit point from Dubăsari.
- 15 January 1992: 2 policemen and a woman are wounded when gunfire is opened on a Moldovan police car.
- 22 January 1992: the prosecutor of Tighina, L. Toderaş, is arrested again. Following talks with the Moldovan police he is later freed.
- 25 January 1992: L. Toderaş, prosecutor of Tighina, is arrested yet again. His family and colleagues are threatened.
- 29 January 1992: separatist militia arrest a group of drunken cossacks in Tiraspol. The headquarters of this militia is then blocked by a committee of local women. The cossacks are later freed.
- 30 January 1992: there are attacks against several units of the Moldovan police in Tighina. 39 policemen are arrested. The Transport Police section is stormed and the building later set on fire. 18 guns and 6 cars are stolen.
- 31 January 1992: 4 policemen are arrested in Tighina and subsequently beaten.
- 1 February 1992: F. Ţurcan is killed at a check-point by Transnistrian guards in Lunga, a village near Dubăsari. Turcan\'s car is fired on despite him responding to a request from the Transnistrian guards to stop his vehicle.
- 2 February 1992: also at Lunga, policeman V. Rusu is wounded after his car is stopped by 18 separatists guards.
- 4 February 1992: the deputy of the Tighina Police unit, A. Corolicov, and police officer O. Pavliuc are arrested when they return from duty. They are subsequently beaten and their weapons confiscated.
- 12 February 1992: the medical nursery school Tighina is closed by Transnistrian authorities.
- 14 February 1992: people from Transnistria are heading to Moscow to inform public opinion about human rights abuses in Transnistria.
- 19 February 1992: the Customs building in Dubăsari is attacked by separatist forces and Customs officers are beaten. Their weapons are confiscated.
- 20 February 1992: peaceful demonstrators occur in Lunga, near Dubăsari, where the people are protesting against a referendum organised in the village by the Transnistrian authorities. The demonstration is later broken up by force. The protestors are fired on and tear gas used against them. The order to use force is made by Alexandru Porojan, a separatist leader from Dubăsari.
- 21 February 1992: in Slobozia, the bank accounts of 2 schools which refuse to accept the legitimacy of the Transnistrian authorities, are closed down.
- 22 February 1992: military unit 01002 is attacked by separatists. 95 officers and soldiers are ambushed and driven to a bridge over the Dniester river. They are then told to go on to Chişinău on foot.
- 29 February 1992: unknown assailants armed with automatic guns stop a car near Dubova and kill the driver, N. Boiniceanu. Another person is wounded. In addition, the gunmen rob all the passengers in the vehicle. .
- After Moldova became a member of the United Nations on 2 March 1992, Moldovan President Mircea Snegur (president from 1990 to 1996) authorized concerted military action against PMR forces which had been attacking police outposts loyal to the Moldovan government on the left bank of the river Dniester (Nistru), and on a smaller section of the right bank around the southern city of Tighina (Bender/Bendery). The PMR forces, aided by contingents of Russian Cossacks and the Russian 14th Guards Army, consolidated their control over most of the disputed area.
- 17 March 1992: Moldova had troops under the Ministry of the Interior. On 17 March 1992, they started recruiting troops for the newly created Ministry of Defence.
- 5 April 1992: Vice-president Rutskoy of Russia, in a speech delivered to 5,000 people in Tiraspol, encouraged the Transnistrian people to obtain their independence.
- 2 June 1992: Ilie Ilașcu and three more ethnic Romanians, members of the \"Ilașcu group\" (Ilașcu together with Andrei Ivanțoc, Alexandru Leşco and Tudor Petrov Popa) were arrested by the breakaway Transnistrian government and charged with the murder of two separatist officials.
- 19--21 June 1992: the Battle of Bender takes place. It results in a Russian--Transnistrian victory.
- 21 July 1992: a ceasefire was declared, which has held ever since.
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## 1993 {#section_5}
- On December 9, 1993, the Supreme Court of Transnistria found Ilie Ilașcu guilty of a number of offences defined in the Criminal Code of the Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic, including incitement to commit an offence against national security, organisation of activities with the aim of committing extremely dangerous offences against the State, murdering a representative of the State with the aim of spreading terror, premeditated murder, unlawfully requisitioning means of transport, deliberate destruction of another\'s property and illegal or unauthorised use of ammunition or explosives.
## Follow-up {#follow_up}
- 2001: Ilașcu was eventually released in 2001, two years after he filed an application with the European Court of Human Rights and following a verdict of the European Court for Human Rights, where he sued both Russia and Moldova.
- 2 June 2007: Ivanțoc was released by the PMR authorities, after pressures of the international community. After he was released he tried to reenter PMR-controlled territory without permission and was captured and beaten by the PMR security forces, then forced to leave the PMR and declared *persona non-grata*
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# Martakert Province
**Martakert Province** (*Մարտակերտի շրջան*) was a de facto province of the Republic of Artsakh, when it was *de jure* part of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The population was mainly Armenian. The province had 43 communities of which one was considered urban and 42 are rural. It is under control of Azerbaijan since 23 September 2023.
Following the First Nagorno-Karabakh war, the district came under the control of the self-proclaimed. However, following the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, Azerbaijan recaptured parts of the district and after September 2023 offensive they gained the full control of the region.
## Settlements
## Cultural sites {#cultural_sites}
The Gandzasar monastery, the Yeghishe Arakyal Monastery and the 17th century Armenian monastery Yerits Mankants are located in the province. The Vankasar Monastery is just outside the town of Martakert. The archaeological site of Tigranakert of Artsakh is also located in the province, thought to have been founded in the 2nd-1st century B.C, it has been undergoing excavation since 2005. Some of the walls of the city, with Hellenistic-style towers, as well as Armenian basilicas dating to fifth to seventh centuries have been uncovered.
-- --
-- --
## Education infrastructure {#education_infrastructure}
In 2022, *Armath Airborne engineering lab* was launched in the province, it provides students 14 and above to create UAVs. This was intended as a broader project focusing on regional security
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# Stanislav Lunev
**Stanislav Lunev** (*Станислав Лунев*; born 1946 in Leningrad) is a former Soviet military officer, as of 1992 the highest-ranking GRU officer to defect from Russia to the United States.
## Biography
Stanislav Lunev was born in Leningrad, to the family of a Soviet Army officer. He graduated from the Suvorov Military School in Vladikavkaz and then from Joint Arms High Command Military Academy. He then worked as a GRU intelligence officer in Singapore in 1978, in China from 1980, and in the United States from 1988. He defected to U.S. authorities in 1992. Since then, he has worked as a consultant to the FBI and the CIA.
## Writings
Lunev published a book of memoirs, *Through the Eyes of the Enemy*. In the book, he described his work as a Soviet spy. He said that his work was extremely successful because he followed a very basic rule that \"the best spy will be everyone\'s best friend, not a shadowy figure in the corner.\"
In the book, he also described some active measures against the \"Main adversary\" and alleged that \"the GRU and the KGB helped to fund just about every antiwar movement and organization in America and abroad.\" According to Lunev, the Soviet Union allegedly spent more money on funding of U.S. anti-war movements during the Vietnam War than on funding and arming the Viet Cong forces.
## Nuclear sabotage operations {#nuclear_sabotage_operations}
Lunev is mostly known for his description of nuclear sabotage operations that have allegedly been prepared by the KGB and GRU across the Western world. It was known from other sources that large arms caches were hidden by the KGB in many countries for these planned activities. They were booby-trapped with \"Lightning\" explosive devices. One such cache, which was identified by Vasili Mitrokhin, exploded when Swiss authorities tried to remove it from a location in the woods near Bern. Several others caches were removed successfully.
Lunev asserted that some of the hidden caches could contain portable tactical nuclear weapons known as RA-115 \"suitcase bombs\". Such bombs have been prepared to assassinate US leaders in the event of war, according to him. Lunev states that he had personally looked for hiding places for weapons caches in the Shenandoah Valley area and that \"it is surprisingly easy to smuggle nuclear weapons into the US, either across the Mexican border or using a small transport missile that can slip undetected when launched from a Russian airplane.
U.S. Congressman Curt Weldon supported claims by Lunev but noted that Lunev had \"exaggerated things\" according to the FBI. Searches of the areas identified by Lunev, who admitted that he never planted any weapons in the US, have been conducted, \"but law-enforcement officials have never found such weapons caches, with or without portable nuclear weapons.\"
## Poisoning of Potomac River {#poisoning_of_potomac_river}
According to Lunev, a probable scenario in the event of war would have been poisoning the Potomac River with chemical or biological weapons, \"targeting the residents of Washington, D.C.\" He also considered it \"likely\" that GRU operatives placed \"poison supplies near the tributaries to major US reservoirs.\"
Those allegations have been confirmed by former SVR officer Kouzminov, who was responsible for transporting pathogens from around the world for Soviet program of biological weapons in the 1980s and the early 1990s. He described a variety of biological warfare acts that would be carried out on the order of the Russian President in the event of hostilities, including poisoning public drinking-water supplies and food processing plants
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# Millennial Women
***Millennial Women*** is a 1978 science fiction anthology, edited by Virginia Kidd, in which all the stories are written by women and have a female character as the primary protagonist. The themes which these stories have in common are those of social science fiction: that which is perceived as alien, the uses of language, careers, familial relationships, sexual politics, social constructions of gender, political freedom and equality.
## Contents
- \"Prayer for My Daughter\" by Marilyn Hacker (prefatory poem)
- \"Introduction\" by Virginia Kidd
- \"No One Said Forever\" by Cynthia Felice (short story)
- \"The Song of N\'Sardi-El\" by Diana L. Paxson (short story)
- \"Jubilee\'s Story\" by Elizabeth A. Lynn (short story)
- \"Mab Gallen Recalled\" by Cherry Wilder (short story)
- \"Phoenix in the Ashes\" by Joan D. Vinge (novelette)
- \"The Eye of the Heron\" by Ursula K. Le Guin (novella)
- Biographical Notes (not included in all editions).
## Awards and nominations {#awards_and_nominations}
- 1979, Locus Award, Best SF Anthology category, 12th place.
## Release details {#release_details}
- 1978, *Millennial Women*, edited by Virginia Kidd, U.S., Delacorte Press (Dell Publishing), `{{ISBN|0-440-05599-7}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{ISBN|978-0-440-05599-0}}`{=mediawiki}, pp. 305, 1978, hardcover
- 1979, *Millennial Women*, edited by Virginia Kidd, U.S., Dell Publishing, `{{ISBN|0-440-16301-3}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{ISBN|978-0-440-16301-5}}`{=mediawiki}, April 1979, softcover
- 1980, *The Eye of the Heron and Other Stories*, edited by Virginia Kidd, UK, Panther Books (Granada Publishing), `{{ISBN|0-586-05089-2}}`{=mediawiki}, pp
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# 1790 in Ireland
Events from the year **1790 in Ireland**.
## Incumbents
- Monarch: George III
## Events
- 15 March -- The Sick and Indigent Roomkeepers\' Society is established in Dublin; by the 21st century this will be the city\'s oldest surviving charity.
- May -- construction begins on the Royal Canal at Cross Guns Bridge in Phibsborough, Dublin.
- Armagh Observatory, founded by Richard Robinson, 1st Baron Rokeby, Archbishop of Armagh, begins to function.
## Arts and literature {#arts_and_literature}
- Emo Court, near Emo, County Laois, is designed by James Gandon for John Dawson, 1st Earl of Portarlington.
## Births
- 1 January -- George Petrie, painter, musician, antiquary and archaeologist (died 1866).
- 15 April -- Theobald Jones, British Royal Navy officer, lichenologist and Unionist politician (died 1868).
- June -- Arthur Jacob, ophthalmologist (died 1874).
- 10 October -- Father Theobald Mathew, temperance reformer (died 1856).
- Alexander Pearce, transported convict and cannibal (executed 1824 in Van Diemen\'s Land).
## Deaths
- Patrick Browne, physician and botanist (born 1720)
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# Milt Sunde
**Milton John Sunde** (February 1, 1942 -- April 21, 2020) was an American football player. He played professionally as a guard in the National Football League (NFL) for the Minnesota Vikings from 1964 to 1974. Sunde attended Bloomington High School and the University of Minnesota. He played with the Vikings in two of their losing Super Bowl efforts (IV and IX). He missed playing for the Vikings in Super Bowl VIII due to an injury suffered in the NFC championship game two weeks earlier.
Sunde died on April 22, 2020, at the age of 78
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# Mehdi Frashëri
**Mehdi bey Frashëri** (28 February 1872 -- 25 May 1963) was an Albanian intellectual and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Albania in the 1930s and as Chairman of the Provisional Administration Committee in the Albanian puppet government under Nazi Germany.
## Biography
### Early life {#early_life}
Mehdi Frashëri was born on 28 February 1872 in Frashër, Janina Vilayet, then Ottoman Empire. His father was Ragip bey kaymakam of Metsovo. Frashëri studied in Konica and Monastir and graduated from the Mekteb-i Mülkiye in Istanbul in 1897.
While in Istanbul, in 1901, he was charged with establishing a small press in a local house cellar for printing Albanian nationalistic materials together with a small group of Albanians.
### Early political career and interwar period {#early_political_career_and_interwar_period}
Frashëri served as Kaymakam of Peqin in central Albania between 1901 and 1903. After that he moved to Ohrid, where he joined the Secret Committee for the Liberation of Albania. He was denounced by a group of local Muslims as an Albanian nationalist and a pro-Young Turk. He was governor of the Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem under the Ottomans, mayor of Durrës under Prince Wied, minister in the Albanian government of 1918, and minister of the interior in 1920. On May 17, 1914, as a member of the International Commission of Control he signed the Protocol of Corfu. He participated in the Congress of Durrës in December 1918. In 1923, he was also Albania\'s representative in the League of Nations. During the 1930s he held significant posts, including that of the Prime Minister from 1935 to 1936. In the early 1930s he participated in the civil code reforms committees along with Thoma Orologa and Hasan Dosti.
### Italian occupation {#italian_occupation}
Frashëri was against Benito Mussolini and disliked his policy of invading Albania. Frasheri took it upon himself to broadcast scathing attacks against the invasion as well as addressing a remonstrance to Mussolini. Following the departure of the government of Tirana, he urged young men with revolvers to distribute themselves to preserve order. When the invading troops were at the gates he sought asylum in the Turkish Legation, continuing to refuse to sign a declaration in support of the Italians. His personal courage impressed even the German minister, who successfully appealed to Rome to allow Frashëri to return home. Despite Italian guarantees, Frashëri was soon arrested and interned in Italy.
Frashëri participated as \"Honorary Chairman\" of the Conference of Pezë, where Albanian anti-fascist factors gathered in 1942, a fact that would be suppressed by the communist regime later.
Frashëri, who had sympathy for the Germans partly because he had studied in Austria, worked with German minister Erich von Luckwald, in the hopes of establishing closer relations and to gain some protection for the Albanians from the Italians.
### German occupation {#german_occupation}
After the capitulation of Italy, Nazi Germany took control of the Balkans. The Germans were apprised of his significance and began to search for him immediately after the invasion. Frasheri was found and agreed, on 16 September, to return to Tirana for talks with Hermann Neubacher, Major Franz von Scheiger and Martin Schliep. After the end of the meeting, it was agreed that Albania would have its own sovereignty under Nazi Germany, similar to the Independent State of Croatia.
Frashëri agreed to serve as regent as well as head the council. The leadership of the council was originally designed to rotate, but Lef Nosi declined for health reasons, and Anton Harapi argued that as a Catholic monk, he could accept no position in which he would be forced to sanction the death penalty.
### After World War II {#after_world_war_ii}
When the Partisans declared victory in Albania, the Germans evacuated, taking Mehdi Frashëri with them. Frashëri moved to Vienna and eventually settled in Rome, where he lived until his death
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# A Week in the Woods
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 39, column 3):
unexpected '-'
|----
^
``
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# Evaristo Carriego
**Evaristo Carriego** (Paraná, May 7, 1883 -- Buenos Aires, October 13, 1912), was an Argentine poet, best known today for the biography written about him by Jorge Luis Borges.
He was an important influence on the writing of tango lyrics, and in homage the famous instrumental tango \"A Evaristo Carriego\" was written by Eduardo Rovira, and recorded by Orquesta Osvaldo Pugliese in 1969.
He is buried at the Cementerio de la Chacarita in Buenos Aires
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# The Battle Royale
**The Battle Royale** was an electronic dance group from Minneapolis, Minnesota signed to Afternoon Records. The group disbanded and its members are currently working on other projects. John Pelant and Mark Ritsema formed Night Moves, which Ritsema eventually left to focus on his solo project Suzie, and Grace Fiddler joined the group One for the Team
| 60 |
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# Native Tongue (Elgin novel)
***Native Tongue*** is a 1984 feminist science fiction novel by American writer Suzette Haden Elgin, the first book in her series of the same name. The trilogy is centered in a future dystopian American society where the 19th Amendment was repealed in 1991 and women have been stripped of civil rights. A group of women, part of a worldwide group of linguists who facilitate human communication with alien races, create a new language for women as an act of resistance. Elgin created that language, Láadan, and instructional materials are available.
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
*Native Tongue* follows Nazareth, a talented female linguist in the 22nd century -- generations after the repeal of the 19th Amendment. Nazareth is part of a small group of linguists \"bred\" to become perfect interstellar translators.
Nazareth looks forward to retiring to the Barren House -- where women past childbearing age go as they wait to die -- but learns that the women of the Barren Houses are creating a language to help them break free of male dominance.
## Reception
The book was nominated for the 1985 Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel and the 1985 Ditmar Award for International Fiction.
Elgin has said about the book: `{{blockquote|Native Tongue was a [[thought experiment]], with a time limit of ten years. My hypothesis was that if I constructed a language designed specifically to provide a more adequate mechanism for expressing women's perceptions, women would (a) embrace it and begin using it, or (b) embrace the idea but not the language, say "Elgin, you've got it all wrong!" and construct some other "women's language" to replace it. The ten years went by, and neither of those things happened; Láadan got very little attention, even though SF3 actually published its grammar and dictionary and I published a cassette tape to go with it. Not once did any feminist magazine (or women's magazine) ask me about the language or write a story about it.
<br>
The [[Klingon language]], which is as "masculine" as you could possibly get, has had a tremendous impact on popular culture—there's an institute, there's a journal, there were bestselling grammars and cassettes, et cetera, et cetera; nothing like that happened with Láadan. My hypothesis therefore was proved invalid, and the conclusion I draw from that is that in fact women (by which I mean women who are literate in English, French, German, and Spanish, the languages in which Native Tongue appeared) do not find human languages inadequate for communication.<ref>{{cite web |title=Interview With Suzette Haden Elgin |last=Glatzer |first=Jenna |url=http://www.absolutewrite.com/novels/suzette_haden_elgin.htm |year=2007 |accessdate=20 March 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070612005757/http://www.absolutewrite.com/novels/suzette_haden_elgin.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2007-06-12}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki}
## Adaptations
Until Media has acquired the rights to the trilogy and was, as of 2019, planning a screen adaptation
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# Jim Vellone
**James Carl Vellone** (August 20, 1944 - August 21, 1977) was a guard in the National Football League (NFL). Vellone spent his entire five-year career for the Minnesota Vikings, starting in most of his appearances during this span. Vellone helped the Vikings win the 1969 NFL Championship and also started in Super Bowl IV, the first Super Bowl appearance for the Vikings franchise. Vellone\'s career and life were cut short due to Hodgkin\'s lymphoma.
## College career {#college_career}
Before he joined the pro leagues, Vellone played college football for two years at the University of Southern California. Prior to joining the USC Trojans, Vellone was a Junior College All-American guard at Cerritos College. For two seasons while in Minnesota (1968--1969), Vellone was a teammate of offensive tackle Ron Yary, who likewise was a star lineman at Cerritos College and at USC.
## Death
Jim Vellone abruptly retired from the NFL in 1971 when he discovered he had Hodgkin\'s lymphoma. He spent the final six years of his life undergoing treatments and chemotherapy. Although managing to live a normal life for some time, Vellone finally succumbed to the cancerous disease on August 21, 1977, a day after his 33rd birthday, at St. Joseph\'s Hospital in Orange, California. According to a brief article in the *St. Petersburg Times* (Fla.) newspaper two days after his death, friends said that Vellone checked into St. Joseph\'s, due to breathing problems.
Jim Vellone left behind two sons Eric and John, brother Louis, and parents
## Other
Jim\'s high school alma mater named their Athlete of the Year award after him. The award\'s recipients included Greg Langford (Wrestling, 1972), Paul Phillips (Swimming, 1973), and Bill Qualls (Cross Country and Track, 1974)
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# Bellevue Mansion
**Bellevue Mansion** was a historic country house in North Philadelphia. The site on which it stood is now between North Marston and North Etting Streets, near 29th Street and Allegheny Avenue.
Bellevue was purchased from Thomas Ketland and his wife Elizabeth as a country estate in 1802 by Philadelphia merchant Charles Wharton (1743--1838), grandfather of industrialist Joseph Wharton. It was located about 3 mi northwest of Philadelphia, just below the heights of Germantown.
Bellevue remained in the Wharton family for more than 60 years. In 1834 Charles Wharton gave the estate to his son William (1790--1856), who resided there in the summer with his wife Deborah Fisher Wharton for two decades raising their family. It was a working farm of 106 acre, situated in rolling hills, with house, barn, sheds, vegetable gardens, orchards, fields, and farm animals. The manor house overlooked a small valley and brook that flowed into the Schuylkill River. Large willows, sycamores, and oaks dominated the house and landscape. Servants, mostly Irish, assisted with housekeeping and hired hands worked the fields and maintained the farm animals. The estate was surrounded by woods and estates of other wealthy Philadelphians.
Bellevue Mansion was large and roomy, constructed in stone, with two stories, basement, and widow\'s walk on the roof. Originally constructed by an Englishman who enjoyed dancing, it contained a large ballroom, used by the Wharton family as a game room. The family visited Bellevue often, entertaining many guests young and old. Paralleling the creek nearby was Nicetown Lane, leading about a half mile down to the Schuylkill River.
William and Deborah were heavily involved in religious affairs of their Quaker Meeting and in the period 1825 to 1840 depended on Bellevue with its housemistress to keep their children occupied during the summer months. Joseph Wharton and his brother Charles and their siblings often walked down Nicetown Lane to the Schuylkill River, where they cooled off during the summer.
Starting in the 1840s, Bellevue was threatened by local development. In 1839, the Reading Railroad built its main line from Philadelphia to Norristown and north to Reading. The line ran about 30 yd from the mansion on the north. The surrounding land, between Germantown and the city limits of Philadelphia, today\'s North Philadelphia, was relatively undeveloped, and in the period 1850 to 1880 entrepreneurs bought up many of the old estates for industrial sites and housing developments. To the younger generation of that time, the railroads represented progress, allowing anyone to travel quickly and boosting the economy of the region. This was especially true for Joseph Wharton and his siblings, who accepted such worldly improvements, and became immersed in the industrial economy. The trains were convenient, with a \"Bellevue\" station within a short walk of the mansion. But they also carried huge loads of coal, thundering by the house at inconvenient times, and the constant noise was annoying for guests staying at Bellevue. Although still a beautiful estate, its utility as a respite from city life would be limited.
In 1854, Philadelphia expanded its borders to include the surrounding suburbs, and after the Civil War its population swelled to several hundred thousand. By 1870 the Centennial Exposition was upcoming, and Philadelphia was rapidly changing. It was suffering from a water crisis because it required more water, but there was no appropriate method for water purification and the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers were heavily polluted. Philadelphia\'s typhoid fever rate was among the highest in the nation, and most well-to-do families drank bottled spring water.
Although Bellevue had been threatened since the 1840s by the proximity of the nearby railroads, it was now threatened more directly. In the 1870s the entire Bellevue estate, then owned by Joseph Wharton and his siblings, along with several other estates nearby that had been annexed into the city, was threatened with condemnation by the city for the construction of the proposed Cambria Reservoir to hold potable water. The Wharton siblings were angry and frustrated that there seemed no recourse when the city chose their estate on which to build.
Joseph Wharton saw a potential solution to the water problems. He started purchasing land in southern New Jersey in the 1870s, eventually acquiring 150 sqmi in the Pinelands, which contained an aquifer replenished by several rivers and lakes. The water from the Pinelands was relatively pure and he planned to export the water to Philadelphia. Wharton suggested that a city-controlled company could develop the necessary water mains and pumps, funded by public purchase of stocks and bonds. There was opposition to the plan by others in Philadelphia and in New Jersey, and eventually a law was passed in New Jersey preventing the export of water.
The Bellevue estate was taken by the city, but the planned reservoir was never constructed, because of local politics and also because by 1890 water could be purified by filtration, obviating the need for an extra reservoir. Instead most of the Bellevue estate was sold to developers. Unmaintained and boarded up, the mansion was used for several decades by the city water department to store pipes and fittings, and was finally demolished in construction of new housing for the newly organized industry nearby in North Philadelphia.
Today, the location of Bellevue Mansion is Etting Square, a small park and playground between N. Marston and N. Etting Streets, just north of Allegheny Avenue in North Philadelphia
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# China Southwest Airlines Flight 4509
**China Southwest Airlines Flight 4509** (SZ4509) was a domestic flight in China from Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport, Sichuan to Wenzhou Yongqiang Airport, Zhejiang. On February 24, 1999, the Tupolev Tu-154M operating the flight crashed while on approach to Wenzhou Airport, killing all 61 passengers and crew members on board.
## Aircraft and crew {#aircraft_and_crew}
The aircraft was a 1990-built Tupolev Tu-154M (serial number 90A-846, serial 0846) airliner powered by three Soloviev D-30 turbofan engines from UEC Saturn. It was initially registered in the Soviet Union with test registration CCCP-85846. It was delivered to the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) in April the same year, and was registered as B-2622.
The flight crew consisted of captain Yao Fuchen (`{{zh|links=no|c=姚福臣}}`{=mediawiki}), first officer Xue Mao (`{{zh|labels=no|c=薛冒}}`{=mediawiki}), navigator Lan Zhangfeng (`{{zh|labels=no|c=郎占锋}}`{=mediawiki}), and flight engineer Guo Shuming (`{{zh|labels=no|c=郭树铭}}`{=mediawiki}). There were also seven flight attendants on board.
## Accident
On 24 February 1999, the crew was preparing the aircraft for landing at Wenzhou Airport. The flaps were extended at 1000 m, but seconds after, the aircraft\'s nose lowered abruptly, the aircraft disintegrated in mid-air and crashed into an area of high ground, and exploded. Witnesses saw the plane nose dive into the ground from an altitude of 700 m and explode. All 61 people on board were killed. Several people on the ground were injured from debris.
## Cause
Incorrect self-locking locknuts had been installed in the elevator operating system, which maintenance crews failed to notice. These spun off during the flight, leaving the elevator uncontrollable. This disabled the aircraft\'s pitch channel, causing the crash.
## Aftermath
This and the China Northwest Airlines Flight 2303 disaster contributed to the decision to remove all Tupolev Tu-154 aircraft in China from service on October 30, 2002
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# Riverside station (Metro-North)
**Riverside station** is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad\'s New Haven Line, located in the Riverside area of Greenwich, Connecticut. The Riverside Avenue Bridge crosses over the west end of the station platforms. The station has two high-level side platforms each six cars long. It has 324 parking spaces, 307 owned by the state
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# Scipione Angelini
**Scipione Angelini** (1661--1729) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, best known for still-lifes. He was born and active in Ascoli
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# Ralph Giacomarro
**Ralph Giacomarro** (born January 17, 1961) is an American former professional football player who was a punter for four seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions.
Born in Passaic, New Jersey and raised in Saddle Brook, New Jersey, Giacomarro attended Saddle Brook High/Middle School
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# Old Greenwich station
**Old Greenwich station** is a commuter rail station served by the Metro-North Railroad New Haven Line, located in the Old Greenwich neighborhood of Greenwich, Connecticut. The station has two side platforms, each ten cars long, which serve the outer tracks of the four-track Northeast Corridor.
## History
The station was built in 1872 as **Sound Beach**, named after nearby Greenwich Point Beach. It was renamed Old Greenwich in 1931. The current station building, built about 1894, is a well-preserved example of the New Haven Railroad\'s period stations, with a utilitarian interior and exterior nods to period Victorian architectural styles. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989 as **Sound Beach Railroad Station**. The station formerly had six-car-length high-level platforms, which could not serve all cars on some trains.
In 2009, Metro-North began planning a project to replace structurally deficient railroad bridges over South Beach Avenue and Tomac Avenue. The scope of the project was later expanded to include platform extensions to 10-car length, as well as an expansion of the south parking lot. Notice to proceed on the \$14.9 million project was given in August 2014, and construction began the next May. After several delays, the project was completed in late 2019. A retaining wall built for the parking lot expansion attracted criticism for its stark design, with comparisons to the Berlin Wall and The Wall from *Game of Thrones*
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# Halbach
**Halbach** is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Arnold Halbach (1787--1869), Prussian diplomat
- Edward A
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# Superman (1941 film)
***Superman*** (1941), also known as ***The Mad Scientist***, is the first installment in a series of seventeen animated Technicolor short films based upon the DC Comics character Superman. It was produced by Fleischer Studios and released to theaters by Paramount Pictures on September 26, 1941. *Superman* ranked number 33 in a list of the fifty greatest cartoons of all time sourced from a 1994 poll of 1000 animation professionals, and was nominated for the 1942 Academy Award for Best Animated Short Subject.
## Plot
To best use his powers for good, Superman adopts the disguise of Clark Kent, a reporter at a metropolitan newspaper. An anonymous, vindictive figure referred to in the press as The Mad Scientist mails a note threatening to use his \"Electrothanasia-Ray\" at midnight to the newspaper\'s editor, Perry White. Perry tells Clark to help fellow reporter Lois Lane follow up on a lead she has found on The Mad Scientist, but Lois insists on cracking the story on her own.
Lois flies a private plane to the top of a mountain, where The Mad Scientist\'s secluded laboratory is located. When she knocks at the door, Lois is seized, bound, and gagged by The Mad Scientist, who then demonstrates the Electrothanasia-Ray by destroying a bridge. The coming disaster is reported over radio, and the police alert everyone to stay in their homes. Clark steps into a storage room, changes into Superman, and flies away.
The Mad Scientist has the Electrothanasia-Ray weaken the foundations of a skyscraper, causing it to tip over. Superman arrives and prevents the structure from falling, lifting it to its upright orientation. Superman then pushes the beam away from the base of the skyscraper and fights it back to the source, punching out each pulse as they come. Superman twists the barrel of the Electrothanasia-Ray into a knot, and the buildup of pressure causes it to overheat and explode. As the lab disintegrates, Superman unties Lois and flies her to safety. Superman captures The Mad Scientist and takes him to jail, though his pet vulture escapes. Perry congratulates Lois on getting the scoop on the Mad Scientist, but Lois says it is \"thanks to Superman\". Clark overhears this and winks at the audience.
## Cast
- Bud Collyer as Clark Kent/Superman
- Joan Alexander as Lois Lane
- Julian Noa as Perry White
- Jack Mercer as the Mad Scientist
- Jackson Beck as the Narrator, Radio Newscaster
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# Superman (1941 film)
## Production
In 1941, Paramount Pictures acquired the film rights to DC Comics\' Superman property, created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster. Paramount pitched the idea of producing a *Superman* series to its animation producer, Fleischer Studios. Co-owner Dave Fleischer did not want to take on the task of producing such a demanding series, so he went up to Paramount and gave them a budget quota of \$100,000 per cartoon (four times the cost of an average cartoon), hoping to get Paramount to change its mind about the shorts. Paramount negotiated it down to a production cost of \$50,000 for the first cartoon, and \$30,000 for subsequent cartoons, and Fleischer Studios began work on the first short in the series, *Superman*.
Steve Muffatti was placed in charge of the first *Superman* short (at Fleischer and later Famous, the credited director served the roles typically ascribed to a film producer or supervising director, while the credited animators were the actual animation directors, and the animators and animation assistants were generally not credited at all). Stan Quackenbush handled the sequences of destruction in the city. *Superman* was produced with the same care and attention to detail the Fleischer staff had given to their first feature film, *Gulliver\'s Travels* (1939). While some of the scenes in the cartoon made use of the rotoscope, a Max Fleischer invention which allowed animation drawings to be traced from live action, others were done by relying upon poses sketched from live reference models instead of traced footage. Most of the lead character animators at Fleischer were used to animating caricatured humans and animals, and the assistant animators were tasked with maintaining the figures\' realistic proportions. Character shadows, elaborate special effects animation, and detailed animation layouts contributed to the attention to detail evident in *Superman* and its follow-ups.
A steak being cooked was used for the sound of the Electrothanasia Ray, while the sound of Krypton being destroyed was created by recording someone wrenching an apple apart with their bare hands and then amplifying it.
## Marketing
Paramount promoted *Superman* with a campaign much larger than usually used for an animated short, including coming-attractions trailers. The short was a notable success, and was nominated for the 1942 Academy Award for Best Short Subject (Cartoons), which it lost to the *Pluto* cartoon *Lend a Paw*.
### Influence
This cartoon featured the first time Clark breaks the fourth wall and winks at the audience, in reference to their shared secret that Clark is Superman. This became a regular feature of the Fleischer Superman cartoons and was later introduced to the comics.
The cartoon featured the \"Truth and Justice\" motto, which eventually became the \"Truth, Justice, and the American Way\" motto with the premiere of the September 2, 1942 episode of the 1940s Superman radio series and was changed to \"Truth, Justice and a Better Tomorrow\" in 2021.
## Release
*Superman* was released on September 26, 1941, in U.S. theaters as the first theatrical appearance of Superman.
### Official release {#official_release}
The short was officially released on Blu-ray by Warner Home Video in May 2023.
### Public domain {#public_domain}
The rights to the 1941 short and the other sixteen shorts in the *Superman* series reverted to National Comics (now DC Comics); TV syndication rights were licensed to Flamingo Films, distributors of the 1950s *Adventures of Superman* TV series. The cartoons fell into the public domain when National Comics failed to renew their copyrights in the late 1960s/early 1970s
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# Leib Groner
**Yehuda Leib \"Leibel\" Groner** (*יהודה ליב גראנער*; April 25, 1931 -- April 7, 2020) was an American Hasidic Jewish teacher, scholar, and author. He is best known for having served as the personal secretary to Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, the seventh Lubavitcher Rebbe, for 40 years.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Yehuda Leib Groner was born in New York City on April 25, 1931. His parents were Rabbi Mordechai Avrohom Yeshaya Groner and Menucha Rochel Groner. His brother, Rabbi Yitzchok Dovid Groner, became the most senior Chabad rabbi in Melbourne, Australia, and the director of the Yeshivah Centre there. Groner was a direct descendant of Shneur Zalman of Liadi, the founding Rebbe of Chabad-Lubavitch.
Groner studied at the Central Yeshiva Tomchei Temimim Lubavitch at 770 Eastern Parkway in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, where he excelled as a student. He often spoke with Menachem Mendel Schneerson, the future Lubavitcher Rebbe, and had an office in the building. Groner\'s connection to Schneerson began at Groner\'s bar mitzvah celebration, where Schneerson spoke for 1 hour and 20 minutes. In 1949, Schneerson asked Groner to join the team of Merkos L\'Inyonei Chinuch, working in the Kehot Publication Society, thus adding Groner to his secretariat.
## Secretary to the Lubavitcher Rebbe {#secretary_to_the_lubavitcher_rebbe}
In 1951, Schneerson succeeded his father-in-law as the seventh Rebbe of Chabad-Lubavitch. After Groner married in 1954, Schneerson asked him to become his personal assistant. On April 13, 1984, Schneerson referred to Groner as \"my general.\" Groner controlled access to Schneerson, and vied for power with Schneerson\'s chauffeur and spokesman, Rabbi Yehuda Krinsky. After Schneerson\'s death in 1994 he became a public speaker.
## Writing and teaching {#writing_and_teaching}
Groner is a co-author, with Rabbi Volf Greenglass of Montreal, of *Sefer HaMinhagim*, the authoritative book describing Chabad-Lubavitch customs. He was also an editor of Otzar HaChasidim, the editorial group that publishes works on Chabad Hasidut. He taught at Beth Rivkah in Crown Heights, a school for girls who are part of the Chabad-Lubavitch community.
## Political views {#political_views}
Groner was associated with a number of right-wing campaigns. In 2005 he was part of a delegation along with Menachem Brod who had a \"heated debate\" with Israeli prime minister Ariel Sharon, pleading with him to not give away land, something he believed the nation of Israel would soon regret. He was also a strong figure in the Messianic sect of Chabad.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
In 1954, Groner married Yehudis Gurewytz. The couple had three sons and four daughters. Their son Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Groner is the rabbi of Congregation Ohr HaTorah in Charlotte, North Carolina, while another son, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Groner, is a Rosh Yeshiva at the Chabad Yeshiva in Kiryat Gat, Israel.
Groner died on April 7, 2020, aged 88, after being infected with COVID-19 for several weeks. Due to the ongoing pandemic, the funeral took place in a more muted fashion with social distancing procedures in place. The Rabbinical Alliance of America released a statement mourning Groner as \"one of the most prominent figures in Lubavitch of the last generation\"
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# Round Mountain (British Columbia)
**Round Mountain** is an eroded volcanic outcrop in the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt in British Columbia, Canada, located 8 km southwest of Eanastick Meadows, 9 km east of Brackendale and 10 km south of Mount Garibaldi. It is the highpoint of Paul Ridge and is located in the southwest corner of Garibaldi Provincial Park. Round Mountain formed as a result of subduction of the Juan de Fuca Plate beneath the North American Plate, known as the Cascadia subduction zone. Round Mountain last erupted during the Pleistocene
| 90 |
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| 0 |
10,132,781 |
# Ann Colone
**Ann L. Colone** (June 11, 1930 -- June 12, 2007) was a pioneering female broadcaster in Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States, whose career as TV host spanned three decades. She was the first female radio disc jockey for WGL (AM) and was a regular contributor at WANE-TV, which is a CBS affiliate, since it went on air in 1958, and she became well known as the first local female TV host of her own afternoon program with residents, local news makers, and national celebrities as guests.
## Personal history {#personal_history}
Her parents Joseph and Mary (née LaRosa) Colone were Italian-American grocers and operated the Family Colone Grocery Store in Ft. Wayne. Ann was the youngest female of ten children, which included siblings Dominic, Ferdinand, Ralph, Josephine, Anthony, Frankie, Virginia, Martha, and Franklin. Her family was Roman Catholic, and she attended Central Catholic School, where she graduated in 1947. She resided in Ft. Wayne and entered the broadcasting business. Colone was 77 at the time of her death and was buried in the Catholic Cemetery of Ft. Wayne.
## Career
Ann Colone began her career in broadcasting as a secretary for WGL (AM) radio station and then later became a DJ on the station.
Colone switched to television in 1958 when she joined WANE-TV. On her first Saturday morning TV show, Colone demonstrated toys for children, which was sponsored by a local toy store. At the time, Corinthian Broadcasting appointed her as Women\'s Director of WANE-TV, as it did at other stations it owned, hiring such women as Joanne King (KHOU-TV, Houston), Faith Levitt (WISH-TV, Indianapolis), Gay Miller (KOTV, Tulsa), and Myra Scott (KXTV, Sacramento). She was well known as the host of *The Ann Colone Show*, a daily, noon time, homemaker and talk show on WANE-TV for about 18 years. The show began as a half-hour show, but grew to an hour, then to an hour and a half. She interviewed numerous and various celebrities of the time such as Vincent Price, Lucille Ball, Bob Hope, Woody Allen, Robert F. Kennedy, Walter Cronkite, Count Basie, and The Rolling Stones in the group\'s earliest days. The show was popular locally and her audience was typically three-fourths and more female. For a while, she replaced the host Dave King in a popular afternoon movie program called \"Dialing for Dollars\". After she ended her program, Colone continued to work for WANE-TV behind the camera in promotions and advertising and stayed there until 1981.
After leaving WANE-TV, she worked for Arata Medical Group and hosted \"Ask The Physician\" for radio about health and medical topics. She was also a well known actor in many local plays for years.
## Awards
- *TV-Radio Mirror Magazine\'s* Gold Medal for Best TV Women\'s Interest Show---Midwest States (1961)
- Best Actress award for \"The Rose Tattoo\" from Ft. Wayne Civic Theater
- Silver Medal award from the Advertising Association of Ft
| 486 |
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# Local storm report
A **Local Storm Report** (**LSR**) is transmitted by the National Weather Service (NWS) when it receives significant information from storm spotters, such as amateur radio operators, storm chasers, law enforcement officials, civil defense (now emergency management) personnel, firefighters, EMTs or public citizens, about severe weather conditions in their warning responsibility area (County Warning Area or CWA). Those reports are received by local National Weather Service offices (WFOs), and they can be used to issue Severe Thunderstorm Warnings, Tornado Warnings, and other weather warnings/bulletins, in addition to the LSR.
The Storm Prediction Center, working with the NWS WFOs, collects these reports for its own database, and it also works with the National Climatic Data Center, which eventually stores the reports in the official record, which is called *Storm Data*.
## Example
The following is an example of a stand-alone LSR that has one individual report from a SKYWARN spotter:
NWUS53 KGID 172339
LSRGID
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HASTINGS NE
639 PM CDT THU JUN 17 2010
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0636 PM HAIL 2 SSW KIRWIN 39.64N 99.14W
06/17/2010 E0.75 INCH PHILLIPS KS TRAINED SPOTTER
DIME SIZE HAIL AT SCOUT RESERVATION
&&
$$
Summary LSRs, which can have an extensive listing of individual reports, are also often issued by NWS WFOs after a weather event has ended in order to inform the public and news media outlets of the breadth of severe weather across a WFO\'s CWA
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# Pete Shaw (author)
**Pete Shaw** is a British author, broadcaster, programmer and theatrical producer.
## Early life {#early_life}
Shaw attended school in Stanwell, Middlesex. While at Stanwell Secondary School, he was introduced by a school friend to Tim Hartnell, the co-owner of Interface Publication, the other owner being his school friend\'s mother, Sue North.
His first published computer program was *The Elephant\'s Graveyard*, written for the Sinclair ZX81 and published in the magazine *ZX Computing* in August 1982.
## Career
Shaw\'s first book, *Games for your ZX Spectrum*, followed at the end of 1982 and was published by Virgin Books in conjunction with Interface Publications and was an early title in a series of *Games For Your \...* books published by Virgin. Shaw himself wrote three more books for the series, including *Games for your Oric*, *More Games for your Oric* and *Games for your Sinclair QL*. Shaw also co-wrote two books designed to teach the adventure game genre, *Creating Adventures on your ZX Spectrum* (Interface Publications, 1983) and *Creating Adventure on your BBC Micro* (Interface Publications, 1985).
Shaw\'s books mainly comprised *Type-In* program listings for home computers, which were designed to teach-as-you-type, since the programs contained many comments on how the listing worked.
Before he even left school, Shaw was a regular contributor to ZX Computing and Home Computer Weekly, and on leaving Stanwell Secondary School he turned down a sought after place at Isleworth Art College to work full-time for the newly launched computer magazine *Your Spectrum*.
It was at Your Spectrum (which later was relaunched as *Your Sinclair*) that Shaw picked up the nickname *Troubleshootin\' Pete* due to his regular column in the magazine in which he would answer reader questions that had been posed over the *YS Helpline*. Shaw\'s official title at *Your Sinclair* was Editorial Assistant when he first joined, but he was promoted to Deputy Editor within a year of joining the staff.
*Your Sinclair* was published by Dennis Publishing, and Shaw also contributed to other Dennis magazines including *Your 64*, *Computer Shopper* and *MacUser*.
While still Deputy Editor of *Your Sinclair*, Shaw also contributed to a weekly Capital Radio children\'s show called *XYZ on Air*, broadcast every Sunday and hosted by DJ Kelly Temple. The show was an eclectic mix of music, interviews, features and the \'Computerworld\' slot hosted by Pete Shaw. It was Shaw\'s association with Capital Radio that brought about, *The Capital Radio Book of Computers and Simple Programming* (NeatQuest, 1985), co-written with Kelly Temple and Your Spectrum\'s original Editor, Roger Munford.
Before 1985 was out, Shaw had written at least eleven computer technical books, published around the world and in several languages.
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# Pete Shaw (author)
## Since 2002 {#since_2002}
In 2002 Shaw produced Patrick Wilde\'s play *You Couldn\'t Make It Up* at the Gilded Balloon in Edinburgh. The show was Wilde\'s follow up to *What\'s Wrong with Angry?*, which had debuted a decade earlier at the Lost Theatre in London. *You Couldn\'t Make It Up* was a black comedy dealing with issues of sexuality, the agendas of TV and film production and male rape. The year after its premiere in Edinburgh, Shaw brought the show down to the New End Theatre, Hampstead, London in 2003.
In 2006 Shaw collaborated with Sir Tim Rice to produce his musical Blondel at the Pleasance Theatre in Islington. Blondel was the first musical Rice wrote outside of his successful working partnership with Andrew Lloyd Webber. Telling the tale of medieval ministrel, Blondel, the musical is set in two acts. Shaw also created the poster artwork for revival of Blondel.
In May 2008 Shaw took a new play by Matt Ian Kelly called Lightning Strikes to Dublin as part of the Dublin Gay Theatre Festival. In August the same year, Shaw took *What\'s Wrong with Angry?* and *Boys of the Empire* to the Edinburgh Festival with Glenn Chandler, the latter of which he transferred to London at the King\'s Head Theatre for a limited run over Christmas 2008.
In 2011 he worked with photographer Paul Reiffer to create the website for The Grapes, famously owned by Evgeny Lebedev, Sean Mathias and Ian McKellen.
In 2011 Shaw also collaborated with producer Danielle Tarento on *Drowning on Dry Land*, which led to a string of further shows including *Parade* (2011), *Noel & Gertie* (2011), *Burlesque* (2011), *The Pitchfork Disney* (2012), *Mack & Mabel* (2012), *Victor/Victoria* (2012), *Taboo* (2012--2013) *Titanic* (2013)., *Dogfight* (2014), *Man to Man* (2014), *The Grand Tour* (2015), *Grand Hotel* (2015) and *Dogfight In Concert* (2015).
In 2017 was producing in his own right again, taking Ian Lindsay\'s *Chinese Whispers* to Greenwich Theatre for a two week run in July. The production starred Mark Farrelly, Steve Nallon, Peter Hardy, Matt Ian Kelly and Owl Young, with a cameo by Dermot Agnew.
Shaw is the owner of Internet publication Broadway Baby [1](http://www.broadwaybaby.com), a reviews-based website particularly focused on fringe theatre. He has increased Broadway Baby\'s traffic considerably since its creation in 2004. Broadway Baby is now the largest reviewer at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe by some margin. He also started the Virgin Atlantic customer site, V-Flyer.com in 2003 [2](http://www.v-flyer.com), which regularly receives over 150,000 readers per month.
During the Covid-19 pandemic of 2020, Shaw wrote and released a mobile App called Boozr. The App is a global database of pubs, bars and clubs with social networking features that allow you to connect with your friends.
He continues to write computer programs on a freelance basis
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# Beat Rodeo
**Beat Rodeo** (also known as **The Beat Rodeo**) was a country rock band from New York City during the 1980s.
## Career
Following the breakup of the Minneapolis-based Suicide Commandos (in which he played bass), Steve Almaas moved to New York, turned to guitar and formed **The Crackers**; the band\'s EP *Sir Crackers!* (1981) indicates the rough-hewn melodic rock direction Almaas would later pursue. After working with The Bongos, Almaas, along with Bongos\' leader Richard Barone, headed to North Carolina to visit Mitch Easter at his Drive-In Studio; the three of them put together the four-track *Beat Rodeo* EP, credited to Almaas and released in 1982 on Easter\'s Coyote Records label. (One of the tracks, \"What\'s the Matter\", later appeared on a compilation on the Shake Some Action label in 2003.)
Almaas almost immediately formed a quartet named for the EP, but not including Easter or Barone; the single \"What\'s The Matter\" b/w \"Mimi\" was issued by Coyote in 1983 (under the name *The* Beat Rodeo). The following year, Zensor Records in Germany issued the band\'s first LP, *Staying Out Late With the Beat Rodeo*, produced by Don Dixon, with two tracks helmed by Richard Gottehrer. The record, which shows a country bent implicit in its name (country-ish guitar sound, with a dash of fiddle), and integrates it into the already established pop-rock context. (A single, \"She\'s More\" b/w \"Mistake\" was also released; the group performed \"She\'s More\" on German television.) IRS Records signed the quartet and re-issued the album in 1985, shortening the band\'s name to simply \"Beat Rodeo\".
In 1986, Beat Rodeo released their second album, *Home in the Heart of the Beat*, produced by Scott Litt; the LP produced two singles: \"Everything I\'m Not\" b/w \"It Could Happen Here\" (\"Everything\" also appeared on a 12\" promo disc with \"I\'m Not Afraid (Doesn\'t Matter to Me)\" on the flip); and \"New Love\" b/w \"Just Friends\" (with videos made for both sides of the single; \"Just Friends\" had been previously released on *Staying Out Late*.) Although \"Everything I\'m Not\" got some airplay at college stations, none of Beat Rodeo\'s albums or singles were hits, and IRS dropped them from the label; the band broke up soon thereafter.
Almaas later went solo, and has released six albums to date; he also reformed the Suicide Commandos, who in 2017 released their first album in 38 years, *Time Bomb*.
Beat Rodeo were mentioned in the acknowledgements of Elizabeth Wurtzel\'s memoir *Prozac Nation*
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# Genreflecting
**Genreflecting** is the process of examining and analyzing the patterns and characteristics of literary genres---both fiction and recreational nonfiction---and using that analysis to identify titles with similar appeals to readers (i.e., read-alikes), in order to make reading suggestions to individuals who are looking for something to read.
The term \"genreflecting\" was first coined by Betty Rosenberg, a prominent library science educator, in 1982.
Since that time, the term has been adopted by readers\' advisory in libraries and extended to nonfiction genres as well as fiction. A similar practice in retail bookstores is called \"hand-selling.\"
## History
At the time the first edition of Rosenberg\'s *Genreflecting* was written, adding popular reading materials to library collections and recommending those titles to readers were controversial practices. Dr. Rosenberg\'s First Law of Reading---\"Never apologize for your reading taste\"---has since been adopted by growing numbers of librarians, and the field of readers\' advisory has become increasingly central to the practice of librarianship.
Nancy Pearl, the well known model of the librarian action figure and author of *Book Lust* and *More Book Lust,* has promoted and further popularized the practice of readers\' advisory within the library community and beyond.
In recent years, a number of online databases have been developed to assist readers\' advisors find \"read-alikes,\" including *What Do I Read Next?* (Gale Thomson), *NoveList* (EBSCO), *The Reader\'s Advisor Online* (Greenwood Publishing Group), *Fiction Connection* (Bowker), and *Booklist Online* (American Library Association)
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# Karl Mullen
**Dr Karl Daniel Mullen** (26 November 1926 -- 27 April 2009) was an Irish rugby union player and consultant gynaecologist who captained the Irish rugby team and captained the British Lions on their 1950 tour to Australia and New Zealand.
Mullen was born in Courtown Harbour, County Wexford and educated at Belvedere College and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. He played as hooker, winning 25 caps for Ireland from 1947 to 1952. He captained the Irish team to their first Grand Slam in the 1948 Five Nations Championship and was one of eight players from that team who lived to see the country\'s next Grand Slam in 2009.
He was also selected to captain the 1950 Lions Tour to Australia and New Zealand, during which the Lions lost the Test series against the All Blacks 3-0, with one game drawn, but won the test series against Australia 2-0. He played four tests for the Lions on that tour; two against New Zealand and two against Australia. He missed the third and fourth tests against New Zealand through injury
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# KALZ
**KALZ** (96.7 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Fowler, California, and serving the Fresno metropolitan area. It airs a talk radio format and is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. The studios and offices are located on Shaw Avenue in North Fresno near California State Route 41. Programming is simulcast on sister station KRZR 1400 AM in Visalia.
KALZ has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 25,000 watts. The transmitter tower is on South Bliss Drive in the Roosevelt neighborhood of Fresno. The station broadcasts using HD Radio technology. The HD-2 digital subchannel formerly carried a classic alternative rock format known as \"Alternative Rewind Radio.\" The HD2 subchannel has since been turned off.
## Programming
KALZ and KRZR mostly carry nationally syndicated conservative talk shows from co-owned Premiere Networks. Weekdays begin with the *Glenn Beck Radio Program*, followed by *The Clay Travis and Buck Sexton Show, The Sean Hannity Show, The Jesse Kelly Show, Coast to Coast AM with George Noory* and *Ag Life*. Two local hosts are heard in late afternoons, Trevor Carey and John Girardi. Most hours start with an update from Fox News Radio.
Weekends feature shows on money, health and guns, some of which are paid brokered programming. Syndicated weekend shows include *Tom Gresham\'s Gun Talk* and *Sunday Night with Bill Cunningham*, as well as repeats of some weekday shows. Fresno State Bulldogs games are also heard.
## History
The station signed on the air on `{{start date and age|1980|10|6}}`{=mediawiki}. The original call sign was **KTED**. The station was originally owned by Salem Media and aired a Christian talk and teaching format. The studios were on East Kings Canyon Road.
In 1982, the station was bought by Bilmar Communications. The Christian format ended and the station flipped to a beautiful music format. The call sign switched to **KEZL** in 1986, with the EZ representing Easy Listening music. The KEZL call sign and easy listening format had been heard on 98.9 FM for many years before that station changed to KSOF, airing a soft adult contemporary format. By the 1990s, KEZL made the transition to a smooth jazz format.
The station was acquired by San Antonio-based Clear Channel Communications in 2000. Clear Channel was the forerunner to today\'s owner, iHeartMedia.
The station was co-owned with \"Alice 102.7\", which aired a mix of alternative rock and hot adult contemporary music. In 2006, management decided to swap formats and call letters, moving Alice and the **KALZ** call letters to 96.7, while moving the Smooth Jazz format and KEZL call letters to 102.7.
In 2012, iHeart management decided to take several of its most popular talk shows off Cumulus Media-owned KMJ, including Sean Hannity and Rush Limbaugh, in order to launch their own news/talk station in the Fresno radio market. KALZ flipped to \"Power Talk 96.7\" on January 1, 2013
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# Mark Miller (soccer)
**Mark Miller** (born June 12, 1962) is a retired American soccer forward. A native of Tacoma, Washington, Miller attended the University of Portland where he played on the men\'s soccer team under coach Clive Charles. Miller was on the team from 1981 to 1984. In 1985 and 1986, he played with F.C. Portland of the Western Soccer Alliance. In 1986, he was the league\'s second leading scorer with 19 points on 7 goals and 5 assists. Teammate Brent Goulet won the points title that year with 20 points on 9 goals and 2 assists. While F.C. Portland ran to the second best record on Goulet and Miller\'s scoring, the WSA named a champion based on regular season record only. The Hollywood Kickers therefore took the alliance title.
Miller later played with the Portland Timbers in 1989 and 1990.
he coaches with the F.C. Portland youth club
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# Adam Sieff
**Adam Michael Sieff** (born April 1954) is a British music consultant and former head of jazz for the UK and Europe for Sony Music. He was head of sales and marketing for Gearbox Records which specialises in the release of previously unheard jazz recordings. As of April 2017 he is creative consultant for Margate Jazz. He is the son of Teddy Sieff, the Marks and Spencer heir.
## Early life {#early_life}
Adam Sieff was born in April 1954 to Joseph \"Teddy\" Sieff, president of the retailers Marks and Spencer, and his wife Lois Sieff. He was educated at Westminster School (1967--71) where his contemporaries included the journalist Tom Utley and Michael Zilkha, the co-founder of ZE Records. While at Westminster he was the lead guitarist in a band known as Jaded that was managed by the future British prime minister Tony Blair.
## Career
Sieff was a freelance musician and producer until 1991 and then jazz manager at Tower Records until February 1995. He joined Sony Music in March 1995 as head of jazz and became director of jazz for the United Kingdom and Europe in 2002 until he left them in February 2005. He was then with SellaBand from 2006 to 2010 and Tomorrow\'s Warriors from 2010 to 2012. He was a non-executive director of Jazz FM. In 2011, he won the \"Unsung Hero\" Award at the Music Producers Guild Awards. In November 2012, he joined Gearbox Records where he was head of sales and marketing until January 2017 since when he has been a consultant for them. The company specialises in the release on vinyl of audiophile editions of previously unheard jazz recordings. Since April 2017 he has been creative consultant for Margate Jazz. He presents a weekly jazz programme on Deal Radio called *Jazz On The Beach*
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# Elliott Landy
**Elliott Landy** (born 1942) is an American photographer and writer. Best known for his iconic photographs from the Sixties Classic Rock period, Elliott Landy was one of the first \"music photographers\" to be recognized as an \"artist."
## Biography
A graduate of the Bronx High School of Science and The Baruch College of the City University of New York he began his photographic career working with Underground newspapers to express his own 'visual voice" in support of the rising tide of anti-war sentiment throughout the United States during the late 1960s.
His press pass and camera not only gave him access to the political scene but also provided him a personal entry into the new rock music counterculture. Albert Grossman who managed the careers of many of the most popular and successful performers of folk and rock music including Bob Dylan, Janis Joplin, Peter, Paul and Mary, Richie Havens and The Band had seen Elliott\'s images of Janis Joplin and invited him to photograph The Band, Those photographs were used on the Music From Big Pink album. During this time, he met Bob Dylan and his photo of him appeared on the cover of the September '68 edition of the Saturday Evening Post.
Within the next few years his celebrated images included portraits of Bob Dylan (Nashville Skyline), The Band (Music From Big Pink), Janis Joplin (Big Brother & The Holding Company: Cheap Thrills), Van Morrison (Moondance), Jimi Hendrix, Jim Morrison, Joan Baez, Eric Clapton, Jefferson Airplane, Santana, Frank Zappa, John Lee Hooker and many others.
His iconic photographs of Dylan and The Band during the years they resided and recorded in the small arts colony of Woodstock, New York, and his coverage of the 1969 Woodstock Festival captured the attention of a new generation seeking spiritual and artistic freedom. His imagery has become synonymous with the town, the famed 1969 Music Festival and the Utopian spirit of the Woodstock Generation.
Since 1967 Elliott's work has been exhibited in galleries and museums worldwide and published on the covers of major US and international magazines and newspapers including the New York Times, Life, Rolling Stone and the Saturday Evening Post.
He is represented worldwide by Magnum Photos, Getty, and several other local photo agencies.
He is the author of 8 books including his latest monograph, The Band Photographs, 1968--1969 which was the highest funded photographic book in Kickstarter history.
In 1990, Landy Directed and Produced an award winning video which appealed to both children and adults, "Table Manners For Everyday Use" [Table Manners Site](http://tablemannersvideo.com/)
Around 1997 he began a syndicated column and website to recommend positive life-affirming films and films with strong, loving, accomplished woman as protagonists. The website still exists but has been in hiatus since 1998. [UpliftingFilms.com](http://upliftingfilms.com/)
He has created a new interactive music and video App, LandyVision, which lets the user blend still and video imagery with music to create a new form of musical and visual experience. It will be released in late 2018.
After years of metaphysical observation, Landy developed and offers "Sharing Stillness" Meditations, in which he transmits a spiritual (non-physical) energy that enables one to quickly reach a deep, meditative state. [SharingStillness.com](http://sharingstillness.com/)
His latest work includes:
- **Flower Power** -- Impressionistic photographs evocative but not imitative of the master Impressionist painters.
- **Kaleidoscapes** -- photographs of New York City taken through a kaleidoscopic lens.
- **People Taking Pictures** -- exploring the joy people experience while taking photographs.
- **Love at Sixty** -- a photo verite book that captures the spontaneity of life and the wonder of love at any age -- a photographic love poem by Elliott and Lynda Landy
Throughout Landy\'s life and career he has photographed what he found beautiful in his own life---counterculture music, nature, family, his children¬¬-and continues to create images that reflect purity, innocence and "...non-attachment to perceived normal reality." His work a vision of hope and opportunity for life.
Landy lives in Woodstock, New York, with his wife, Lynda.
## Photographic books {#photographic_books}
**The Band Photographs 1968--1969** --2016. Fine Art. Landyvision Inc./Backbeat Books, 160 pages, 12x12 inches.\
**Elliott Landy\'s Opening Night** -2015. Imperial Pictures Ltd.\
**Elliott Landy, Yellowkorner Portfolio 10** --2013. Yellowkorner, FR, US, UK, EU\
**Woodstock Vision, The Spirit of a Generation** (expanded edition) ---2009. Includes a 1969 Woodstock festival section. Backbeat Books, 224 pages\
**Woodstock 69, The First Festival Woodstock** -- 2008. Reprinted in France by Editions Fetjaine, France; In UK by Ravette\
**Dylan in Woodstock** -- 1999. Genesis Editions, UK, Photographic Book, Edition limited to 1,750 copies, 128 pages\
**Woodstock Dream** -- 1999 & 2000. Frederico Motta (Italy), TeNeues (USA, Germany), Actes Sud (France). 400 pages.\
**Woodstock 69, The First Festival** --1994. Squarebooks, USA. produced and edited by Elliott Landy containing photos from 11 photographers as well as his own. 156 pages\
**Woodstock Vision, The Spirit of a Generation** ---1994. Continuum, New York. Photographic Book, 128 pages\
**Woodstock Vision** ---1984. Rowohlt Verlag, Germany. 96 pages
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# Elliott Landy
## Digital multimedia {#digital_multimedia}
**2015--Present -- LandyVision**™ - LandyVision, inc. A new type of App that lets the user blend both still and moving imagery with music to create a new interactive sound and visual experience. In development, expected release, winter 2018. Conceptualization, development and content creation.\
**1997- \"Elliott Landy\'s Woodstock Vision\"**, 1997 -- Panasonic Interactive, USA -- CD-ROM and book (128 pgs, 9.5 x 11 in.) box set. Developer and Content provider\
**1994- The Woodstock Festival** -- Time Warner Interactive. Co-producer -- CD-ROM about the '69 festival.
## Major public solo exhibitions {#major_public_solo_exhibitions}
**Bethel Woods Museum** (Woodstock Festival site) -- Permanent\
Elliott\'s photos are used on approximately 50% of the permanent wall design.\
**Museum of the Jewish People**, Tel Aviv, Israel May 2016 -- January 2018\
**Jessica Hagen Gallery**, Newport, Rhode Island August 2 -- 18, 2017\
**Newport Antiques Show**, Newport, Rhode Island July 25--30, 2017\
**The Gallery at Rhinebeck**, Rhinebeck, New York May 2017\
**The EGG Center for the Performing Arts Theatre**, Albany, New York (slide show and talk) -2017\
**Desert Trip Music Festival**, Coachella, California, October 2016\
**Proud Gallery**, London, UK, June 9 -- July 24, 2016\
**Gallerie Huit**, Arles, France (2 exhibitions) May 6 -- June 30, 2016\
**Hotel de Gallifet Contemporary Art Museum**, Aix-en-Provence, France, June 2015\
**Cradle of Aviation Museum**, Garden City, New York, June--September 2014\
**Norton Museum of Art**, West Palm Beach, Florida, August 2012\
**Mois du Graphism d\'Echirolles**, Echirolles, France, November 2010\
**Montreal Jazz Festival Center**, Montreal, Canada, October 2010\
**European Festival of Fine Art Nude Photography**, Arles, FR, May 2010, 2012\
**Sausalito Art Festival**, Sausalito, California, September 2009,\
**La Biblioteca Jaume Fuster**, Barcelona, Spain, July 2009\
**FNAC** (Madrid, Spain) October 2009; (Asturias, Spain) November 2009; (Zargoza, Spain) August 2009, (Bilbao, Spain) June 2009\
**Artist-in-Residence SUNY Ulster** (Stoneridge, New York) 2008\
**The Tate Liverpool**, England, May -- Sept. 2005, 14 Prints, 'The Summer of Love' Exhibition The Schirn Kunsthalle (Frankfurt, Germany) Nov. - Feb
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# Lochiel, South Australia
**Lochiel** is a small town in the Mid North of South Australia 125 km (78 mi) north of Adelaide. The town lies beside on the western edge of Lake Bumbunga and at the eastern foot of the Hummocks Range. The Augusta Highway, a section of Highway 1, runs on a strip between the township and the lake, which dwarfs the former.
## Name
In 1869 the South Australian Governor Sir James Fergusson gave the Scottish name *Lochiel* to the site of this planned Government Town. It is the name given to the senior line of Chiefs of Clan Cameron -- the town being situated in the Hundred of Cameron, named after pioneer Hugh Cameron.
## History
The Government Town of Lochiel was surveyed in 1869, closely following the proclamation of the cadastral Hundred of Cameron. The *District Councils Act 1887* declared the township and the rest of the Hundred of Cameron a part of the District Council of Port Wakefield. The following year, lobbying by residents resulted in the Hundred of Cameron being moved from the control of Wakefield council into the jurisdiction of the District Council of Snowtown, cementing a close relationship between Lochiel and Snowtown rather than the more distant Port Wakefield.
In 1976, a resident of a farm at Bumbunga, just east of Lochiel, declared a secessionist micronation, the Province of Bumbunga. By 1999 it no longer existed.
In the 2011 Australian census, the population of Lochiel and adjacent farming communities was 362.
## Governance
The local government agency serving the town is Wakefield Regional Council following a transfer in 1997 from the District Council of Blyth-Snowtown. The town boundaries were formalised in 2000.
The town lies in the state electoral district of Nurangga and in the federal electoral division of Grey.
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