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# Lochiel, South Australia ## Economy In 1868, the potential of Lake Bumbunga\'s shallow waters for natural salt mining was recognised. Salt has been harvested from the lake bed in summer months since 1881, providing employment and other economic benefits for many years. After 1913, when the Australian Salt Company was incorporated, the company and its successors, latterly trading as Cheetham Salt, have held the lake leases continuously. Profitability was improved after a 9 km branch line was built`{{refn|group=note|The line left the [[Bowmans, South Australia|Bowmans]]–[[Snowtown, South Australia|Snowtown]] section of the mainline between Adelaide and [[Redhill, South Australia|Redhill]] ([[Port Pirie]] after 1937) at Bumbunga passing siding ({{coord| 33.9125|S| 138.2292|E|format=dms}}). It headed south-west on the northern side of Leslie McIntyre Road (also known as Blyth Road), then at the southern tip of Lake Bumbunga swung north between the lake and Highway 1, terminating 1.5  km north of the town ({{coord| 33.9141|S| 138.1637|E|format=dms}}). The track was lifted about the 1970s.}}`{=mediawiki} from the nearby broad-gauge railway line, enabling transport directly to Port Adelaide. Lochiel itself is said to have \"developed slowly with the industry, its survival in the 20th century being almost totally dependent on the salt harvesting\". In 2011, about 270 million tonnes of lignite (brown coal) were estimated to be in a deposit north of Lochiel in seven seams from 70 to 110 metres underground. The seams\' thickness varied from 0.3 to 3.0 metres, for a total of 9.4 metres. The site was considered to be favourable because it lies only 6 km (4 mi) from the railway line to Adelaide, Darwin and Perth. The deposit was not subsequently developed. ## Attraction In 1972 a local man, Gary Taylor, and his friends created a sculpture of rubber tyres and plastic in the shallows of Lake Bumbunga 2.4 km north of the town (33.9026 S 138.1680 E format=dms), to be visible from the main highway. They named it \"Loch Eel\" -- a tongue-in-cheek allusion to the supposed appearance of the Loch Ness Monster. There is speculation that by early-mid 2022 Lochiel will have another tourist drawcard added to the list of things to appreciate, and to help break up long drives on highway one
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# Fuel mass fraction In combustion physics, **fuel mass fraction** is the ratio of fuel mass flow to the total mass flow of a fuel mixture. If an air flow is fuel free, the fuel mass fraction is zero; in pure fuel without trapped gases, the ratio is unity. As fuel is burned in a combustion process, the fuel mass fraction is reduced
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# The 20 Grand **The 20 Grand** was one of Detroit\'s most famous night clubs. It was located at the intersection of 14th Street and Warren Avenue, at 5020 14th St. It opened by Bill Kabbus and Marty Eisner in 1953. The original facility was destroyed by fire in 1958, at which point it was rebuilt into a renowned multiplex facility showcasing Black entertainment. The site was later demolished, and is presently a grass lot. The 20 Grand was a place where people could go to dance, and see live performances on Thursday, Friday and Saturday. There was also a club night for youths. On the first floor of The 20 Grand there was a bowling alley and a fireside lounge that was used as a jazz room. On the upper floor there was a room called the Gold Room, which consist of a large banquet and a cabaret hall which could seat up to 1,200 people. There was a studio inside The 20 Grand built for Ernie Durham, a famous Detroit radio personality. There was also the Driftwood Lounge which was located next to the Golden Room, which was where most of the performances and shows took place. The Supremes, Chuck Jackson, Parliament-Funkadelic, Florence Ballard, The Utopias, and Stevie Wonder performed there. Mick Jagger first saw B.B King perform here in 1964. There was a motel located next door where couples would check in after a long night out at the club. The name of the motel was Twenty Grand Motel but it was not owned by the owner of The 20 Grand; it was owned by a man named Ed Wingate. ## In Pop Culture {#in_pop_culture} David Lasley\'s *Missin\' Twenty Grand* album was named after The 20 Grand
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# South City Chiefs The **kansas City Chiefs American Football Club** is a sporting club, based in Marion, SA, competing in the South Australian Gridiron Association league. ## History The South City Chiefs were formed in June 1988 by founding members Lyn and Trevor Dean, Bill Maye, Bob McPherson, Glen Michell and Mark Szolga. The club was originally based in the inner southern suburbs of Adelaide South Australia at Forestville/Millswood, to where it is currently at the Marion Sports and Community Club (A.K.A. Club Marion). The Chiefs colours are red, white and blue and the official club logo is an Indian Chief Head. The Chiefs have had a proud history, with the senior team winning one championship in the 98/99 season and were runners up in 90/91, 05/06, 08/09, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2016. The Chiefs Juniors have won eight championships: 2007, 2008, 2011, 2013, 2018, 2022, 2023, 2024 going undefeated in all games. We\'re very proud of our Juniors Program and look forward to them joining us at a Senior level. We have produced a number of players that have represented South Australia and Australia and we are proud to have the only player (Andrew Hurcombe) in Australian history to run for over 12,000 yards. Most recently the following Chiefs where inducted into the South Australian Hall of Fame. Andrew Hurcombe, Christopher de Mello, David Sedgwick, Lynn & Dawn Mayman, Shaun McKeough, Trevor & Lyn Dean. Again, in 2017 we had more Chiefs inducted to the South Australian Hall of Fame: #23 Paul Welsh #45 Jacob Moroney We look forward to the future, as the club has an abundance of veterans complemented by very talented players in their prime and an exciting crop of youngsters
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# Trudy Stevenson **Lottie Gertrude Stevenson** (née **Bevier**; 16 September 1944 -- 24 August 2018) was a Zimbabwean ambassador and politician. She was a member of parliament for Harare North in the Parliament of Zimbabwe. She was also a founding member of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) of Zimbabwe, the first white woman to be voted into the MDC National Executive and, during her tenure, the country\'s only white female Member of Parliament. ## Early life {#early_life} Stevenson was born in Atlanta, Georgia in the United States, and attended school at Wymondham College in England from 1955 to 1962. She obtained a BA degree (French and Italian, joint honours) from the University of Reading and a Graduate Certificate in Education from the University of Zimbabwe. She lived in Uganda during the 1970s, before fleeing from the regime of Idi Amin. She moved to Zimbabwe in 1980, and became a Zimbabwean citizen in 1990. ## Career Stevenson held the position of Member of Parliament for Harare North from 2000 to 2008. She also served as MDC\'s national secretary for Policy and Research for both the original MDC and in a smaller faction of the MDC. She was quoted as saying \"Mugabe does not frighten me, I feel it is my duty to stand up for the rights of all.\" Stevenson was the chairperson of the Combined Harare Residents Association, and led the organisation\'s Supreme Court request for municipal elections in the city following the dissolution of the Harare City Council by the Ministry for Local Government due to corruption. The government-appointed city commissioners, initially appointed for a period of six months, were still in place two years later. The approach was successful, however before elections could be organised, President Mugabe declared that the city elections would be held simultaneously with the 2002 presidential elections. As a result of the short time frame for preparations the elections were chaotic and many eligible voters were not able to vote. Nevertheless, the organisation considered their actions a success as they had forced the government to approve elections in the city. In 2005, Stevenson and several supporters left the MDC due to the increasingly violent tactics of Morgan Tsvangirai, the movement\'s leader and founder. She joined a breakaway faction led by former student activist Arthur Mutambara. In July 2006, after attending a political meeting in the Harare suburb of Mabvuku, Stevenson and four political colleagues were attacked by a mob. Stevenson suffered panga wounds to the back of her neck and head, broken arm and wrist bones and a fractured cheek bone. The leadership of the rival faction of the MDC immediately claimed that the attack was carried out by ZANU militants. However, while recovering in the hospital, Stevenson positively identified her assailants as members of the MDC-T faction, led by Tsvangirai. Timothy Mubawu, a MDC Member of Parliament, was later charged with organising the attack. ## Later career and death {#later_career_and_death} In 2009, Stevenson was appointed as Zimbabwean Ambassador to Senegal and The Gambia, and was responsible for re-opening Zimbabwe\'s embassy in Senegal. She held the post even after the fall of the inclusive government in 2013. Stevenson was found dead by her chauffeur at her Dakar, Senegal residence on 24 August 2018. ## Personal life {#personal_life} Stevenson was the daughter of First Lieutenant Gilbert Hasbrouck Bevier Jr. (1924--1946), who was born in Kingston, New York and died suspiciously of a gunshot wound in Seoul, South Korea. He enlisted in the United States Army Air Force in May 1942, while a freshman at Rutgers University, and served during World War II. He was a descendant of seven of the New Paltz, New York patentees, or founders, including Louis DuBois (Huguenot). Her mother was Ann Elizabeth Jarrell of Georgia. She had a brother, Frank Hasbrouck Bevier. In July 1965, she married Stuart Robert Stevenson, of Hailsham, England, in Surrey, England. They had three children: Neil Robert, Catherine Bevier and Alexander Graham Stevenson
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# Lake Bumbunga **Lake Bumbunga** is a salt lake located in the Mid North of the state of South Australia, between the town of Lochiel and the farming locality of Bumbunga, approximately 1.5 hours\' drive from Adelaide. It is a pink lake, with its colour due to certain algae. Salt has been mined there almost continuously since 1881, and it has become a tourist attraction, along with its \"Loch Eel Monster\" sculpture in the middle of it. ## History The lake lies in the traditional lands of the Kaurna people. According to anthropologist Norman Tindale, the name Bumbunga derives from the word *parnpangka* in the local Aboriginal language (Kaurna), meaning \"rain water lake\". ## Description The lake is situated in the Mid North of South Australia, approximately 125 km (1.5 hours\' drive) from the state capital city, Adelaide. Easily visible from Highway 1 for a distance of 10 km, the 15 km2 Lake Bumbunga is a dramatic departure from the surrounding landscape due to its seasonal pink colouration and wide expanse. The colour is due to a certain type of algae which tolerates its high salinity and produces pink pigment that helps it to take energy. The colour changes throughout the year; it is often pinker in spring than winter, owing to more fresh water bringing nutrients to the algae and increased sunlight compared to the winter months. Summers are dry and the water evaporates. The lake is the largest of a system of Quaternary Holocene saline lakes extending about 30 km north of Lochiel, draining an area to the east of the Barunga Range, where it merges with the Hummock Range. Salt is dissolved from saline mud produced when winter rain fills the lake. Each summer a large portion of the lake dries up.
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# Lake Bumbunga ## Salt harvesting {#salt_harvesting} Salt is precipitated from gypsum, are precipitated out at this stage.`{{explain|grammatically poor - doesn't make sense|date=February 2023}}`{=mediawiki} The water is then pumped into crystallising ponds, where common salt precipitates. The process is stopped before all the salt comes down in order to avoid contamination with magnesium and potassium salts. The final liquors, known as bitterns, are drained away from the salt, which is then harvested. At Lake Bumbunga, brine is pumped into three 25 hectare (62 acre) crystalliser ponds for refining. The potential of Lake Bumbunga\'s shallow waters for salt harvesting was recognised in 1868. Salt was harvested from the lake bed in summer months from 1881; two years later, output was 6.1 to 8.1 tonnes (6 to 8 long tons) per day. Evaporation pans, furnaces, tank and men\'s quarters were built at the northern end of the lake. Mining provided employment and other economic benefits for many years; the town of Lochiel, on the west bank of the lake, is said to have \"developed slowly with the industry, its survival in the 20th century being almost totally dependent on the salt harvesting\". By 1910 there were at least three lease-holders scraping thousands of tons of salt from evaporation pans when the lake dried up -- usually in December. In 1913, the Australian Salt Company was incorporated and held all the lake leases until 1971, when the company became a wholly owned subsidiary of Cheetham Salt Company Limited -- now Cheetham Salt Limited, Australia\'s largest producer and refiner of solar salt.`{{refn|group=note| In 1992, Cheetham Salt Limited was acquired by Ridley Corporation Limited, an Australian listed company. In 2013, CK Life Sciences Int’l., (Holdings) Inc. acquired Cheetham Salt Limited.<ref name= cheetham/>}}`{=mediawiki} Efficiency of transportation was improved in 1926 after a 9 km (5.5 mi) branch line was built from the nearby Salisbury railway line, enabling transport directly to Port Adelaide.`{{refn|group=note|The line left the [[Bowmans, South Australia|Bowmans]]–[[Snowtown, South Australia|Snowtown]] section of the mainline between Adelaide and [[Redhill, South Australia|Redhill]] ([[Port Pirie]] after 1937) at Bumbunga passing siding ({{coord| 33.9125|S| 138.2292|E|format=dms}}). It headed south-west on the northern side of Leslie McIntyre Road (now Blyth Road), then at the southern tip of Lake Bumbunga swung north between the lake and Highway&nbsp;1, terminating 1.5 &nbsp;km north of the town ({{coord| 33.9141|S| 138.1637|E|format=dms}}).}}`{=mediawiki} During World War II, when salt was need for munitions manufacture, employment rose from 30 to 100 workers, with three shifts a day, and two trains a week transported the product in bags. In 1967, 1000 tonnes a day were harvested; at that time South Australia was producing 80 per cent of Australia\'s salt, although that soon decreased, with major expansion of solar salt production in Western Australia. Forty years later, average annual production was reported as 10,000 tonnes (11,000 tons). From 1996 to 2012, the works closed and no salt was harvested. With harvesting becoming practicable using only front-end loaders and trucks, the maintenance and salt works buildings became redundant and were demolished in 2000. ## Tourism The lake is a tourist attraction owing to its pinkness, with its popularity growing in recent years, attracting stops by tourist buses. A fibreglass sculpture named the \"Loch-Eel monster\" (wordplay on Lochiel, the nearest town, whose namesake is a forest in northern Scotland) is visible in the middle of the lake. The backstory for the monster harks back to a time when bullock (ox) teams were common, in the late 1880s. The story goes that bullocks were walking over the lake when they were \"spooked by some sort of monster, went to the wrong part of the lake\... and gradually got sucked under and went down\". The original version of the monster was created from piles of old tyres, and locals called it the Loch Ness monster\'s cousin. After the head got stolen in 2017, work began on the fibreglass replacement. There is a walking trail around the lake for tourists. ## Other uses {#other_uses} The lake has been used as background for advertising by R. M. Williams, Mercedes-Benz, Foxtel and others, as well as fashion shoots for the Adelaide Fashion Festival. Tim Minchin used Lake Bumbunga as a filming location for his TV series *Upright*, with a cast of more than 50 people on the lake
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# South Station Tower **South Station Tower** is a skyscraper under construction in Boston, Massachusetts, the high-rise portion of a three-building development. Construction on Phase 1 of the project, a 51-story, 678-foot tower with offices and condominiums, started in January 2020 and was expected to take four years. It is being built atop Boston\'s historic South Station complex, an example of transit-oriented development. The overall project will include condominium units, office space, a parking structure, and possibly hotel space. The property was initially proposed by Hines Interests and TUDC, a subsidiary of Tufts University. Part of Phase I, an expanded bus station, will use a foundation put in place when the station was last renovated in the late 1980s. The high-rise tower will be supported by a new foundation constructed in the area between the existing station and the tracks. Foot traffic will be rerouted around construction areas. ## History South Station Tower was planned to break ground in 2008, with completion scheduled to occur in 2010, but the project stalled. Approval has been obtained for a project totaling 2190000 sqft. As of March 2016 the developer\'s website was updated stating the tower would begin construction early in 2017; the FAA had given approval in February for a tower reaching 677 ft}. The developer\'s rights to build on the site were scheduled to expire in April 2017, but the state extended them until the end of the year. Construction was halted due to Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA)\'s concerns, but Hines did not stop the project. Development of the airspace above the southbound tracks has been delayed several times. The building was conceived by Tufts president Jean Mayer, who foresaw an \"epicenter of high-profile medical research\" in downtown Boston. In 1991, Tufts created a for-profit development subsidiary, TUDC LLC, and acquired the rights to the airspace. Development over the past decade has been complicated by Boston waterfront zoning restrictions, which require pedestrian access to the waterfront. In 1997, TUDC brought on Hines Interests LP as a development partner. In 2006, TUDC and Hines filed a Development Plan for the project. Questions were raised in 2007 about the university\'s role in the project, and Tufts withdrew in 2009. South Station Tower was originally designed with a height of 759 feet (231 m), which included a decorative spire. However, the project was downscaled in 2006. In July 2016, the developer filed a \"Notice of Project Change\" with the Boston Planning and Development Agency (BPDA), proposing a number of changes in the project, including the addition of more residential space. The notice included a timeline calling for construction of the project\'s first building, the high-rise tower, to begin in 2017. In December 2016, the board of the BPDA approved construction of the project. It was delayed until December 2017, then delayed again in 2018 due to MBTA concerns on the tower\'s potential operational and maintenance cost, in addition to its capital expenditure and the way it was distributed among the project stakeholders. In October that year, MBTA extended the negotiation period with Hines until April 2019. Construction officially began in January 2020, with a five year completion timeline. By November 2022, *ENR East* reported that the building\'s steel frame had reached a height of 109 ft. ### Accidents On March 21, 2024, a steel beam fell from the top of the tower, damaging several windows, before coming to rest on the ninth floor. Some equipment from the worksite also fell, landing at street-level. The MBTA, who owns South Station and the South Station Bus Terminal, suspended commuter services and ordered work to halt in the time after the incident. No injuries were reported, but construction company Suffolk agreed to pause work while investigations proceeded. Construction work resumed on March 27, 2024 following the conclusion of the stop-work order and subsequent investigations by OSHA. On April 9, 2024, A few weeks after the beam fell, a fire was started outside the ninth floor by welders. The fire was quickly put out and the site was again shut down for a safety review. Work on the site was then continued on April 10, 2024. ## Design Preliminary design was done by architect Cesar Pelli, whose designs are reminiscent of his Wells Fargo Center in Minneapolis. The structure has been LEED pre-certified \"silver\" and won the EPA\'s \"Green design\" award
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# Jorge Montt Glacier **Jorge Montt Glacier** is a tidewater glacier located in the Aisén Region of Chile, south of the town of Caleta Tortel. It lies at the north end of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, within Bernardo O\'Higgins National Park. The mouth of Pascua River is located in the vicinity of the glacier calving front. The total drainage area of the glacier is about 510 km2. The glacier\'s ice is thinning most at low elevations, where air temperature is the highest. Ice thinning between 1975 and 2000 averaged 3.3 m per year over the entire glacier, and reached 18 m per year at the lowest elevations. The glacier calving front experienced a major retreat of 8.5 km in those 25 years as a result of rapid thinning. The glacier calves off icebergs into the Baker Channel. In 2000, NASA wrote: *Conventional topographic data from the 1970s and 1990s were compared with data from NASA\'s February 2000 Shuttle Radar Topography Mission to measure changes in the volumes of the 63 largest glaciers in the region over time. The researchers concluded the thinning rate of the Patagonia Icefields more than doubled during the period from 1995 through 2000 versus the period from 1975 to 2000.* In December 2011, a new study was published. \"The study was presented by glaciologist and CECs researcher Andrés Rivera, who focused his investigation on changes in the glacier between February 2010 and January 2011. Using a series of 1,445 photos taken throughout this period, scientists found that the glacier shrank roughly 82 feet each day, receding more than half a mile in the course of the year.\" Rivera\'s study showed the glacier\'s unique rate of retreat was primarily a function of the fjord\'s peculiar bathymetry; secondarily a result of a warming climate. In 2010 remnants of nothofagus (southern beech) were discovered and later dated, \"yielding burial ages between 460 and 250 cal yrs BP.\" According to Rivera: \"The tree-ring results suggest the area was covered by an old-growth forest dominated by Nothofagus betuloides (\"coigue de Magallanes\" -- Magellanic southern beech) with individuals of average age close to 150 years, co-existing for almost 300 years (total chronology length). The radiocarbon ages of between 250 and 450 years BP from two of the sampled trees suggest that the tree ring samples were taken from a mature forest that was destroyed by the advance of Glaciar Jorge Montt during the LIA period
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# Vaiphei people Chin {{·}} Kuki {{·}}Hmar {{·}} Mizo {{·}} Simte {{·}} Gangte {{·}} Zou {{·}} Paite.Ranglong }} The **Vaiphei people** are an ethnic group who live in the North-East India state of Manipur, Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Tripura and in the Chin State of Myanmar. They share cultural similarities with other tribes in the region like Mizo, Paite, Thadou, Simte, Hmar, Zou people, Gangte and Kom (collectively known as the Zo-Mizo people) or Zo
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# Leadfoot (band) **Leadfoot** is an American stoner rock band based in Raleigh, North Carolina, whose original members included vocalist Karl Agell and bassist Phil Swisher, both former members of Corrosion of Conformity. They were called **Loose Cannon** at first but learned that another band had had that name
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# Geneviève de Brabant ***Geneviève de Brabant*** (`{{IPA|fr|ʒənvjɛv də bʁabɑ̃}}`{=mediawiki}) is an opéra bouffe, or operetta, by Jacques Offenbach, first performed in Paris in 1859. The plot is based on the medieval legend of Genevieve of Brabant. For the 1867 version two additional characters, men-at-arms, were added to Act 2 and given a comic duet, in English-speaking countries widely known as the \"Gendarmes\' Duet\" or the \"bold gendarmes\", from H. B. Farnie\'s English adaptation. As well as being a popular performance piece, it formed the basis for the U.S. \"Marines\' Hymn\". ## Performance history {#performance_history} The two-act French libretto was written by Louis-Adolphe Jaime and Étienne Tréfeu, and the opera was first staged at the Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens, Paris, on 19 November 1859. A new three-act version (in which the \"Gendarmes\' Duet\" first appeared), revised by Hector-Jonathan Crémieux, was first given at the Théâtre des Menus-Plaisirs, Paris, on 26 December 1867. An expanded five-act version was devised for a production at the Théâtre de la Gaîté on 25 February 1875. A Paris revival in 1908 at the Théâtre des Variétés with Geneviève Vix in the title role ran for 58 nights. *Geneviève de Brabant* was first performed in Vienna (*Die schöne Magellone*) and Berlin in 1861 and Brussels and Madrid in 1869. The New York premiere was on 22 October 1868, and Farnie\'s version was first seen in London at the Philharmonic Theatre in Islington, produced by and starring Emily Soldene as Drogan, with Selina Dolaro in the title role, on 11 November 1871. The production ran for a year and a half, and revivals took place over the following decade with Soldene repeating her Drogan. A reviewer for a 2003 production of the Keck edition in Paris (whose article was entitled \'Geneviève de Brabant, or Wagner and Weber side by side with Monty Python\'), commented on how the work was a new direction for Offenbach into the world of knights and crusades, while still leading on a satire about power, significant love interest, and above all parodies of other composers. She noted the scene in Geneviève\'s boudoir with Drogan in the guise of Chérubin straight from *The Marriage of Figaro*, and the episode in the wild forest echoes the Wolf\'s Glen in *Der Freischütz* by Weber. Meyerbeer is parodied in the Act I finale with a pastiche of his style of dramatic recitative.
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# Geneviève de Brabant ## Roles +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Role | Voice type | Premiere cast,\ | Revised version in three acts\ | Revised version in\ | | | | 19 November 1859,\ | Premiere cast\ | five acts\ | | | | (Conductor: Jacques Offenbach) | 26 December 1867\ | Premiere cast\ | | | | | (Conductor: Jacques Offenbach) | 25 February 1875\ | | | | | | (Conductor: Jacques Offenbach) | +================================================================================================================================+============+================================+================================+================================+ | Sifroid (1859) / Sifroy (1867, 1875) *Duke of Curaçao, husband of Geneviève* | tenor | Léonce | Gourdon | Habay | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Golo | baritone | Désiré | Daniel Bac | Christian | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Vanderprout, *bourgmeister* | tenor | -- | Le Riche | Grivot | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Charles Martel, *King of France* | bass | Guyot | Le Sage | Legrenay | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Almanzor | | Duvernoy | -- | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Le jeune Arthur | | Bonnet | -- | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Pitou, *Private gendarme* | bass | -- | Émile Gabel | Émile Gabel | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Grabuge, *Sergeant gendarme* | bass | -- | Paul Ginet | Scipion | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Narcisse, *poet* | tenor | Desmonts | Lignel | Montaubry | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Premier savant | | Jean-Paul | -- | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Deuxième savant | | Tautin | -- | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Péterpip | | -- | Leroy | Jean-Paul | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Saladin | | -- | Destroges | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Don Quichotte | | -- | Perron | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Renaud de Montauban | | -- | Gustave | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | L\'ermite du Ravin | | -- | Deschamps | Thérésa | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Stockfish | | -- | -- | Colleuille | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Raoul | | -- | -- | Meyronnet | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Don Juan | | -- | -- | Gaspard | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Almaviva | | -- | -- | Henry | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Hercule | | -- | -- | Chevalier | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Othello | | -- | -- | Gally | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Barbe-Bleue | | -- | -- | Victor | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Roméo | | -- | -- | Mallet | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Hector | | -- | -- | Alexandre fils | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Hogier | | -- | -- | Paulin | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Arnold | | -- | -- | Barsagol | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | | | | | | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Mathieu Laensberg | soprano | Lise Tautin | -- | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Gratioso (1859) / Drogan (1867, 1875) | soprano | | Zulma Bouffar | Denise Matz-Ferrare | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Le chevalier noir | | | -- | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Isoline (1859, 1867) / Biscotte (1875) | soprano | | Vallière | Thérésa | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | La bohémienne | soprano | | -- | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Geneviève | soprano | Mareshal | Baudier | Berthe Perret | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Églantine (1859) / Brigitte (1867, 1875) *Geneviève\'s confidant* | | Chabert | De Brigny-Varney | Angèle | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Ugolin | | | -- | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Lahire | | Marie Cico | -- | (M.) Henry | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Clé de sol | | | -- | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Blondette | | Rose-Deschamps | -- | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Lancelot | | Léone | -- | Jules Vizentini | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Irma | | Naldy | -- | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Silvia | | Lasserre | -- | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Edwige | | Taffanel | -- | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Premier page | | Kid | -- | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Deuxième page | | Jeanne | -- | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Gilda | | Fassio | -- | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Marthe | | Lécuyer | -- | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Christine | | -- | Collas | E. Gilbert | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Barberine | | -- | | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Gudule | | -- | Gourdon | Maury | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Grudelinde | | -- | | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Faroline | | -- | Colombe | Julia H. | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Irénée | | -- | | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Houblonne | | -- | Rose Bruyère | Durieu | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Griselis | | -- | | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Dorothée | | -- | Louisa | Baudu | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Yolande | | -- | | Yriart | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Gretchen, Rodogune | | -- | A. Rolland | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Rosemonde | | -- | Guyas | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Madame Armide | | -- | Jacobus | Thérésa | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Bradamante | | -- | Antoinette | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Dulcinée | | -- | Lalouvière | -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Bibiane | | -- | -- | Castello | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Fideline | | -- | -- | Davenay | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Margotte | | -- | -- | Godin | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Charlotte | | -- | -- | Albouy | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Maguelonne | | -- | -- | Gobert | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Ursule | | -- | -- | Vernet | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Régine | | -- | -- | Moralès | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Nanny | | -- | -- | Capet | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | Agathe | | -- | -- | Roques | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | *Chorus: Gentlemen, Knights, Councillors, Men and Women, Pages, Drummers, Kitchen boys, Musicians, Boatsmen, Bacchantes, etc.* | | | | | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+
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# Geneviève de Brabant ## Synopsis (1867) {#synopsis_1867} ### Act 1 {#act_1} : Place: the town of Curaçao in Brabant : Time: Around AD730 At evening in the main square, the burgomaster Van der Prout announces the imminent return from a pilgrimage to the monastery of Mount Poupard of Duke Sifroid's party. The Duke, married to the beautiful Geneviève of Brabant, has fallen under a curse which prevents them from having any children. To find a cure, a competition is organized and is won by Drogan, a young baker, offering a magic pie. Secretly in love with Geneviève, Drogan asks for his reward to be made the page of Geneviève. Upon his return, the Duke tastes the magic pie, and feels good (Couplets de la poule). In Geneviève's apartments, Drogan implores her to allow him to accept him as her page, and confesses that it is he who has been singing beneath her window each night. He leaves as the Duke joins Geneviève, but after an interruption announcing the imminent arrival of Charles Martel, the effects of the pie on the Duke begin, in the form of a terrible bout of indigestion. As the Duke tries to assuage his digestion with a cup of tea, his counsellor Golo and his poet Narcisse arrive to carry out a plot to seize the crown. Golo and Narcisse tell him that Geneviève and Drogan have been witnessed in an embrace: the Duchess and the page must be put to death. But then Charles Martel demands entry to the palace (Boléro), asking Sifroid and his knights to catch the 8.05 train and join his crusade to Palestine. Sifroid condemns Geneviève, then sets off with his soldiers, by the northern railway. ### Act 2 {#act_2} With the help of her servant Brigitte, Geneviève has escaped, along with Drogan, and they find themselves seven months later in a forest. As two men-at-arms approach, they hide. The Gascon and Flemish men-at-arms tell how they have been tasked by Golo to kill a noble lady. Golo and Van der Prout come on the scene and after despatching the men-at-arms to hunt down Geneviève (Golo having put about the story that Sifroid has been killed in the crusades) he calls up the hermit of the ravine. Drogan appears disguised as the statue of the hermit, and warns the men to abandon their pursuit as Sifroid is at the Château d\'Asnières with Charles Martel. Even though he was married many years before, Golo threatens Geneviève with marriage. The statue of the hermit comes to life (Drogan) and sends the men-at-arms packing. Geneviève decides to feign death, Drogan takes a lock of her hair, and rushes off to reach the Duke. Meanwhile, Charles Martel and Sifroid have ended their trip at the Château d\'Asnières, where they make merry. Sifroid is taken with a masked lady, Isoline, who explains how her husband left her. Drogan arrives and announces the death of Geneviève. Sifroid decides to set off again with his retinue back to Curaçao to meet Golo -- who, Isoline reveals, is the husband who abandoned her. ### Act 3 {#act_3} Geneviève and Brigitte are still in the forest with only a young hind for company. Drogan returns with four huntsmen, looking for Golo. Passing by on the way back from their \'crusade\', Sifroid and Martel are stopped by the men-at-arms, but Geneviève recognises and vouches for her husband's identity. Van der Prout swaps sides again and tells Sifroid that the treacherous Golo is planning to be crowned at a quarter to three. All continue back to Curaçao. At the appointed hour Golo claims the crown, but he is denounced by Drogan and Sifroid has his crown restored. Isoline promises to punish her errant husband, and all ends well.
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# Geneviève de Brabant ## Recordings These include a radio broadcast from 1956 reissued on INA Mémoire vive conducted by Marcel Cariven featuring Denise Duval, Deva Dassy, Michel Hamel, Jean Giraudeau, Robert Massard and André Balbon, and one from 1970 also conducted by Cariven on Bourg with Annick Simon, Monique Stiot, Bernard Plantey and Jean-Christophe Benoît among the cast
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# John Gloster **John Gloster** is a physiotherapist who works with cricket teams. He was appointed the physiotherapist to the Indian team in February 2005. ## Early career {#early_career} Gloster graduated from the University of South Australia, and then worked with the Surrey County Cricket Club for three years, from 1998 to 2001. He was appointed the physiotherapist of the Bangladesh cricket team, and worked with them for four years before moving to India. Gloster resigned from his position as Indian team physio on 14 February 2008. The 2007/2008 tour of Australia was his last assignment with the Indian team. . He works for the Rajasthan Royals team in the Indian Premier League since the inception of the team in 2008. Currently, he is appointed as a physio for Lahore Qalandars franchise cricket team in Pakistan Super League
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# Charlie Goodrum **Charles Leo Goodrum** (January 11, 1950 -- July 6, 2013) was an American professional football guard and offensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for the Minnesota Vikings. Goodrum attended Florida A&M University
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# Horace Avory **Sir Horace Edmund Avory** (31 August 1851 -- 13 June 1935) was an English barrister and High Court judge. ## Biography He was the son of Henry Avory, clerk of the Central Criminal Court. He was educated at King\'s College London, and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, where he was captain of boats and took the degree of LL.B. in 1874. He became a barrister of the Inner Temple in 1875 and married Maria Louisa Castle in 1877. He was elected bencher in 1908 and was knighted and made a judge, later to become a senior judge, of the King\'s Bench division in 1910. He received a Hon.D.LL. degree in 1911 and was made treasurer in 1929. He died at Rye, East Sussex. \[\[<File:Horace> Avory Vanity Fair 2 June 1904.jpg\|thumb\|left\| \"slim\"\ Avory KC as caricatured by Spy (Leslie Ward) in *Vanity Fair*, June 1904 \]\] Avory was one of the most noted English criminal lawyers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was involved in many sensational trials and became a household word as the most dreaded \"hanging judge\" of his age. He was called \"thin-lipped, cold, utterly unemotional, silent, and humourless, and relentless towards lying witnesses and brutal criminals\" and \"impervious to bluff and merciless to perjury\". He was nicknamed \"The Acid Drop\" in legal circles, due to his caustic wit in court. In private life, however, he showed a different face. Famous cases in which he appeared to include the trials of Adolf Beck, Sir Roger Casement, Oscar Wilde (as prosecuting counsel), Jean-Pierre Vaquier, Patrick Mahon, Robert Coombes and Clarence Hatry. His prosecution of Adolf Beck contributed to one of the most significant miscarriages of justice in English legal history. Beck was wrongly identified by ten women as a swindler and was sentenced to seven years. In recognition of his achievements, both Corpus Christi College (Cambridge), and the Honourable Society of the Inner Temple have student scholarships in the name of Horace Avory. A portrait in oils by Charles Freegrove Winzer is owned by Corpus Christi. ## Death According to *Time* magazine\'s report of his death, \"Avory had gone for a chill walk during his Whitsuntide holiday. That night an old friend, the Lord Chief Justice of England, Lord Hewart, called and as a precaution ordered two hot water bottles and personally tucked the Hanging Judge into bed. During the night he rolled off onto the floor, was found next morning entangled in a snarl of sheets and blankets, dead of heart failure and pernicious anemia
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# Splitting storm A **splitting storm** is a phenomenon when a convective thunderstorm will separate into two supercells, with one propagating towards the left (the **left mover**) and the other to the right (the **right mover**) of the mean wind shear direction across a deep layer of the troposphere. In most cases, this mean wind shear direction is roughly coincident with the direction of the mean wind. Each resulting cell bears an updraft that rotates opposite of the updraft in the other cell, with the left mover exhibiting a clockwise-rotating updraft and the right mover exhibiting a counterclockwise-rotating updraft. Storm splitting, if it occurs, tends to occur within an hour of the storm\'s formation. Storm splitting in the presence of large amounts of ambient crosswise vorticity, as characterized by a straight hodograph, produces similarly strong left and right movers. Storm splits also occur in environments where streamwise vorticity is present, as characterized by a more curved hodograph. However in this situation one updraft is highly favored over the other, with the weaker split quickly dissipating; in this case, the lesser favored split may be so weak that the process is not noticeable on radar imagery. In the Northern Hemisphere, where hodograph curvature tends to be clockwise, right-moving cells tend to be stronger and more persistent; the opposite is true in the Southern Hemisphere where hodograph curvature tends to be counterclockwise. ## Characteristics Storm splitting was discovered via weather radar in the 1960s. Storm splitting is most favored when the direction of wind shear is aligned with the motion of the storm, a condition known as *crosswise vorticity* (via the right hand rule, the direction of ambient rotation associated with this vorticity would be perpendicular to the storm motion). Such conditions can be quantified by having low storm-relative helicity and can be associated with straight hodographs. In these cases, wind shear is largely unidirectional in the lower to middle troposphere. Splitting tends to occur within roughly 30--60 minutes after the formation of the parent thunderstorm and can occur repeatedly so long as sufficient crosswise vorticity is present. The presence of ambient vorticity produces rolls of horizontal rotation that a developing storm may encounter. As the formative updraft associated with the storm pulls this rotation up and into the storm, the rotation is tilted into the vertical on opposing flanks of the updraft. On one side, this results in clockwise rotation, while the other rotates counterclockwise. These areas of rotation are located at right angles to the wind shear direction, with one occurring left of this direction and the other to the right. In the Northern Hemisphere, the left rotation is anticyclonic while the right rotation is cyclonic. The rotation leads to the development of a new, rotating updraft beneath each area of rotation, which separate from one another to produce two separated storms; as both cells have rotating updrafts, both are supercells. This process can be accelerated if precipitation occurs between the two updrafts, cooling the air and producing downwards drag that eliminates the original updraft and further separates the split cells. Once a storm splits into two, the left-splitting storm tends to move in a direction left of the mean wind shear direction, while the right-splitting moves right of the mean wind shear direction. The split storms are known as *left movers* and *right movers* due to this behavior. The resulting left or right motion taken by the split storms may be more or less aligned with the direction of the ambient wind shear. This increases or decreases the ambient crosswise vorticity ingested into the split updrafts, respectively, in the frame of reference of the split storms. The storm that moves in a direction increasingly askew from the wind shear direction draws in increasingly *streamwise* vorticity. This tends to be the right mover in the Northern Hemisphere and the left mover in the Southern Hemisphere; in either case, this is the storm with cyclonic rotation. While storm splitting can reduce crosswise vorticity, crosswise vorticity may still be present. Thus, the left and right moving storms can repeatedly undergo further storm splitting if significant crosswise vorticity remains. Physical processes within supercells and interactions with their environment complicate prediction of the motion of supercells, including left and right movers. Commonly used methods for approximating the motion of splitting storms tend to estimate motion based on empirically observed deviations away from the mean wind shear vector. If the environmental vorticity is fully crosswise, storm splitting produces two oppositely rotating cells of similar intensity. In this case, both storms symmetrically deviate away from the mean wind shear direction. The left mover acquires increasingly clockwise vorticity, while the right mover acquires increasingly counterclockwise vorticity. In the absence of the Coriolis force, both cells are mirror images of one another. However, the Coriolis force causes the cyclonic cell to be slightly stronger. Because of turbulent friction, the direction of wind shear commonly varies near the surface such that hodographs are rarely ever straight in the lower troposphere. If the direction of the wind shear changes with height, such that some streamwise vorticity is present, the ingestion of vorticity by the split updrafts leads to one updraft being enhanced and the other being suppressed. If the hodograph turns clockwise with height, the right mover is enhanced, and if the hodograph turns counterclockwise, the left mover is enhanced. Most of the difference in the strengths of the split cells arises from this directional wind shear, rather than the Coriolis force. Storm splitting becomes less pronounced as hodograph curvature increases, resulting in shorter-lived anticyclonic cells. In extreme cases, where there is a strongly curving hodograph, the suppressed updraft will be so weak from the start, the splitting process will not be evident on radar, and a dominant cell will immediately be present shortly after convective initiation. While cyclonic splitting supercells (right movers in the Northern Hemisphere) have been more widely studied due to their typically longer duration and production of severe weather, anticyclonic supercells can also produce severe weather. When multiple thunderstorms develop, splitting storms can interact with other splitting storms. If a line of storms develop along a boundary, the storms at the ends of the line are typically the most isolated and free from interacting with splitting cells.
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# Splitting storm ## Dynamics The movement of air parcels in the atmosphere can cause a localized increase in air pressure ahead of the air parcel and a decrease in air pressure in the wake of the parcel as the parcel interacts with the ambient air. Such variations in pressure are known as *dynamic pressure perturbations*. Within a rotating updraft, the variation of this dynamic pressure perturbation $p'_d$ with height $z$ may be approximated as the combination of a linear and nonlinear term: $$\frac{\partial p_d'}{\partial z} \propto 2 \frac{\partial}{\partial z}\mathbf{S} \cdot \nabla_h w' - \frac{1}{2}\frac{\partial \zeta'^2}{\partial z}$$ where $\mathbf{S}$ represents the mean vertical wind shear vector, $\nabla_h w'$ represents the horizontal gradient of the vertical wind associated with the updraft, and $\zeta$ is the vorticity within the updraft. When horizontal rotation is first lifted in an updraft, it produces a cyclonic and anticyclonic vortex on opposing sides of the updraft, with the strength of those vortices typically maximized in the mid-troposphere some 4 -- above the surface. Each vortex is associated with minimum in air pressure aloft at the center of the vortex, with the surrounding air in cyclostrophic balance. Regardless of the sign of vorticity (i.e. the direction of rotation), the quantity $\zeta'^2$ at the location of the vortices tends to increase from the surface up to the mid-troposphere, where the vortices are most pronounced. Thus, $p'_d$ decreases with height, resulting in a vertical pressure gradient and favoring upwards motion beneath the two vortices. This produces two new updrafts on opposing sides of the original updraft. The generation of updrafts on the flanks of the original updraft induces horizontal updraft-shear propagation, such that the left-splitting cell continues to move towards the left relative to the shear vector, while the right-splitting cell moves towards the right. This implies that the initial splitting of a thunderstorm is governed by *nonlinear dynamics*. Because the tilting of horizontal vorticity into the vertical is most pronounced along the flanks of an updraft, the split storms continue to move away from the mean wind shear direction. In cases where vorticity is predominantly streamwise, as characterized by a strongly curved hodograph, the linear term is a stronger influence on vertical dynamic pressure perturbations. Thus, storm splitting is less favored when the ambient vorticity is streamwise
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# Alanko **Alanko** is a Finnish surname
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# Danilo (footballer, born 1984) **Danilo Larangeira** (born 10 May 1984), known simply as **Danilo**, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as centre-back. ## Career ### Palmeiras On 16 December 2009, Palmeiras have made official the signing from Atlético Paranaense of the central defender, first market trade of Verdão for the 2010 season, the footballer arrived on loan at the beginning of 2009. Verdão partnered with Traffic Group to sign him and Atlético Paranaense retained 20% rights. ### Bologna On August 16, 2018, Danilo joined to Bologna on loan with a purchase obligatory. ## Controversy In April 2010 he gained national attention when he was accused of racism by Atlético Paranaense\'s defender Manoel. During a match between Atlético and Palmeiras on 15 April, TV cameras captured a scene in which Danilo called Manoel \"macaco\" (monkey in Portuguese language). Danilo later publicly admitted that he offended and spat at Manoel, who reported the incident to a police station in São Paulo just after the match. In January 2013, the São Paulo Criminal Court sentenced him to one year in prison, although he was expected to have the punishment reduced to a fine on appeal
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# Gunnar Birgisson **Gunnar Ingi Birgisson** (30 September 1947 -- 14 June 2021) was an Icelandic politician. Birgir was a member of Alþingi and a mayor of Kópavogur and Fjallabyggð. He coined the saying \"Það er gott að búa í Kópavogi\" (\"It\'s good to live in Kópavogur\"), which is now regarded as the unofficial motto of Kópavogur. He held a doctorate in engineering from the University of Missouri. His doctoral essay about how lava fields performed as foundations. His maternal half brother, Kristinn Halldór Gunnarsson, was also a prominent politician
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# Billy Ard **William Donovan Ard** (born March 12, 1959) is an American former professional football player who was a guard in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Giants and Green Bay Packers. He played college football at Wake Forest University and was selected in the eighth round of the 1981 NFL draft. He won the Super Bowl with the Giants in 1987. Ard grew up in Watchung, New Jersey, where he attended Watchung Hills Regional High School. He lives in Watchung, New Jersey and works as a financial advisor at Morgan Stanley. Bill\'s other son, Brendan, broke records at his sport of choice, wrestling
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# Habeas Corpus (play) ***Habeas Corpus*** is a stage comedy in two acts by the English author Alan Bennett. It was first performed at the Lyric Theatre in London on 10 May 1973, with Alec Guinness in the central role. It ran, with cast changes, until 10 August 1974. The Broadway production that followed was less successful, running for less than three months. The play has been revived several times since then, in London and elsewhere. The action revolves around the (generally) thwarted libidos of the principal characters. The title of the play is an old legal term *habeas corpus*, which translates from Latin as \"you shall have the body\". ## Background Having made his reputation as a co-writer of and performer in *Beyond the Fringe*, Bennett turned to writing full-length plays. *Habeas Corpus* was his third to be staged in the West End. It followed *Forty Years On* (1968) and *Getting On* (1971), which were described by the critic Michael Billington as \"two elegiac comedies about the decline of England\". In the new play Bennett\'s comedy became farcical: Billington called it \"a gorgeously vulgar but densely plotted farce\". ## Original cast {#original_cast} - Arthur Wicksteed, a General Practitioner -- Alec Guinness - Muriel Wicksteed, his wife -- Margaret Courtenay - Dennis Wicksteed, their son -- Christopher Good - Constance Wicksteed, the doctor\'s sister -- Phyllida Law - Mrs Swabb, a cleaning lady -- Patricia Hayes - Canon Throbbing, a celibate -- Roddy Maude-Roxby - Lady Rumpers, a white settler -- Joan Sanderson - Felicity Rumpers, her daughter -- Madeline Smith - Mr Shanks, a sales representative -- Andrew Sachs - Sir Percy Shorter, a leading light in the medical profession -- John Bird - Mr Purdue, a sick man -- Mike Carnell Directed by Ronald Eyre, designed by Derek Cousins; music by Carl Davis. In February 1974 Robert Hardy succeeded Guinness as Dr Wicksteed, and the author took over the role of Mrs Swabb.
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# Habeas Corpus (play) ## Plot The action takes place in and around the Wicksteeds\' house in Hove, on the south coast of England. Mrs Swabb, who combines the functions of cleaner and all-knowing Fate, introduces the main characters. Wicksteed is 53, has an eye for the ladies and lacks ambition; his wife, Muriel, is a more assertive figure; their son, Dennis, is a wimpish hypochondriac, frustrated at his lack of a girlfriend; Connie is a flat-chested spinster who secretly longs to be sexually alluring; Sir Percy Shorter, President of the British Medical Association, was once Muriel\'s sweetheart and he bears a grudge against Wicksteed for cutting him out; Lady Rumpers is a returning expatriate, concerned for the purity of her beautiful daughter Felicity; Canon Throbbing is anxious to abandon his celibate state, which he finds a strain to keep up. Meeting Felicity for the first time, Wicksteed is instantly consumed with lust for her, and attempts to arrange a tête-à-tête. Muriel finds her old feelings for Shorter rekindled and she too plots a rendezvous. A parcel arrives for Connie: it contains a pair of false breasts. Felicity makes a pass at Dennis and they go off together. Mr Shanks, the fitter from the false-breast manufacturer, arrives and mistaking Muriel for his client rhapsodises about and handles her substantial bust, until realising his mistake. Muriel, aroused to a predatory frenzy, pursues Shanks until interrupted by the arrival of Shorter, who misreading the situation injects Shanks with a powerful tranquilliser. Connie has put on her padded breasts, which make her feel suddenly attractive and confident to the point of brazenness. She mistakes Shorter for the fitter, and invites him to handle her bust. He is aroused and is discovered trouserless by Canon Throbbing, whom he attempts to tranquillise, pursuing him offstage with a hypodermic. Dennis and Felicity declare their intention to marry, but he is sent away by Wicksteed, who then attempts to seduce Felicity. Shorter catches him in the act and threatens to have him disciplined and barred from medical practice. Muriel joins in the denunciation and the uproar is increased by a suicide attempt by Wicksteed\'s patient Mr Purdue, who is trying to hang himself as Lady Rumpers enters. Act Two continues the action from the same point. Lady Rumpers removes Felicity, Muriel tells Wicksteed to leave the family home, Throbbing and Shorter argue about which of them is to marry Connie until she enters without her prominent false bust, at which Shorter renounces her. Muriel relents and allows Wicksteed to remain, provided he resumes his long-neglected conjugal duties. Shanks comes round from the tranquilliser administered by Shorter and denounces Muriel as a sex-maniac. Wicksteed tells her that it is now she who must leave the family home. Lady Rumpers arrives to remove Felicity, who has returned to find Dennis. It emerges that Felicity has just had sex with Dennis. She finds him repulsive, and has agreed to marry him only because she is already pregnant, wants an official father for her child, and has been led to believe that Dennis has a fatal illness that will soon leave her as a widow. Lady Rumpers is aghast and reveals that history is repeating itself: she was seduced when young and made a marriage of convenience to give Felicity a legal father. Shorter makes a casual comment that leads to the discovery that he was the seducer and is Felicity\'s father. Wicksteed, having the upper hand, forces Shorter to back down over his disciplinary threat. It emerges that Dennis\'s imagined fatal illness is real, and Felicity agrees to go ahead with the marriage. Shanks comes across Connie adjusting her padded breasts and they run off together. Throbbing is again left frustrated, and Wicksteed is left alone to reflect on the transience of human life and the importance of seizing sexual opportunities whenever possible: \"He whose lust lasts, lasts longest\". The stage goes dark; a spotlight plays on Wicksteed, who \"dances alone in the spotlight until he can dance no more.\" ## Revivals A Broadway production opened in November 1975 and ran until February 1976. It starred Donald Sinden as Wicksteed, with a cast including June Havoc, Celeste Holm, Jean Marsh, Ian Trigger, Rachel Roberts and Richard Gere. The author attributed the comparative failure of the production -- a run of 95 performances -- to the heavily naturalistic staging by Frank Dunlop and Carl Toms, which he felt slowed down the action. The London production had been on a bare stage with only three chairs; Bennett thought this the only way of staging the work: \"There is just enough text to carry the performers on and off, provided they don\'t dawdle. If they have to negotiate doors or stairs or potted plants or get anywhere except into the wings, then they will be stranded halfway across the stage, with no line left with which to haul themselves off\". Later revivals have included productions by Sam Mendes, with Jim Broadbent as Wicksteed (Donmar, London, 1996), Peter Hall, with James Fleet (Theatre Royal, Bath, 2006); David Thacker, with Rob Edwards (Octagon, Bolton, 2011); and Patrick Marber, with Jasper Britton (Menier Chocolate Factory, London, 2021--22).
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# Habeas Corpus (play) ## Critical reception {#critical_reception} The play has divided critical opinion from the outset. In *The Times*, Irving Wardle thought that Bennett had difficulty in inventing a full-length play that would \"sustain his wry, oblique talent\", although this play was \"his most successful experiment so far\". In *The Guardian*, Billington\'s praise was less guarded, although he found \"the diagrammatic neatness of the plotting ultimately becomes slightly oppressive\". In *The Daily Express* Herbert Kretzmer commented that the author \"tries too hard to do too much\", although he predicted a long run for the play. When the play opened on Broadway, hostile notices outweighed the favourable. Clive Barnes of *The New York Times* pronounced the piece \"slight and boring\"; Howard Kissel commented more approvingly, observing, \"farce is an enterprise whose esthetics are not always appreciated by the undiscerning\". The literary scholar Joseph O\'Mealy writes that *Habeas Corpus*, like Tom Stoppard\'s *Travesties*, which was staged a year later, was strongly influenced by Oscar Wilde\'s *The Importance of Being Earnest*. O\'Mealy finds echoes of Wilde\'s Lady Bracknell and Gwendolen in Lady Rumpers and Felicity, and of Wilde\'s linguistic absurdities in some of Bennett\'s dialogue. He identifies Joe Orton\'s 1969 farce *What the Butler Saw* as another influence. Although the play is farcical for most of its length, the ending is equivocal, and some have seen Wicksteed\'s solitary, spotlit dance as a dance of death. Billington emphasises the farcical side of the piece, whereas the critic Ronald Bergan views it as \"rather more a wake than a celebration\"
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# Luis Melián Lafinur **Luis Melián Lafinur** (10 January 1850 -- 27 February 1939) was a Uruguayan jurist, essayist, professor and politician. He was the son of Bernardo Melián and Florencia Lafinur. His son was the Argentine poet Álvaro Melián Lafinur. ## Biography He earned a Doctor of Laws degree from the University of Buenos Aires in 1870. He took up arms at least twice, once in 1886 as part of the ultimately unsuccessful Revolution of Quebracho, and again in 1904 in support of the government as a battalion commander in the National Guard during the unsuccessful revolution led by Aparicio Saravia. He represented Uruguay at the 1906 Pan-American Conference in Rio de Janeiro, and was simultaneously appointed Minister to the United States, Mexico, and Cuba. He was also editor of two newspapers, *El Plata* and *La Razón*. From 1908 to 1909, he was the president of the Atheneum of Montevideo. He was an uncle of the famous Argentine author Jorge Luis Borges, and is referenced in Borges\' story \"Funes, the Memorious,\" where his name is one of the numbers in Funes\' new numbering system: : In place of seven thousand thirteen, he would say (for example) Máximo Perez; in place of seven thousand fourteen, The Train; other numbers were Luis Melián Lafinur, Olimar, Brimstone, Clubs, The Whale, Gas, The Cauldron, Napoleon, Agustín de Vedia. He also appears in Borges\' short poem \"The Dagger\", which begins: : A dagger rests in a drawer. ```{=html} <!-- --> ``` : It was forged in Toledo at the end of the last century. Luis Melián Lafinur gave it to my father, who brought it from Uruguay. Evaristo Carriego once held it in his hand
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# Sacramento Film Festival **The Sacramento International Film Festival** (\"SFF\") is an arts organization with year round activities, culminating in an annual film celebration each year in late March and continuing to early April ## Mission Combining parties, live speakers, events and film screenings, the festival has come to be regarded as a centerpiece for the film scene in Sacramento, California, United States, though it has inspired or supported several similar events (i.e. French and Jewish fests). The festival only screens films that have not previously shown in or near Sacramento. ## History The Sacramento Film Festival started its life as the Sacramento Festival of Cinema, making it the oldest concurrently running all-genre film screening event in the Sacramento region. The Festival of Cinema began in 1995 under the guidance of Founder and Director Kenneth Segura Knoll. In 1998 Mr. Knoll transferred management of the event to Access Sacramento, a Public, educational, and government access (PEG) cable TV station which had been a supporting partner to the festival since its beginning. Access Sacramento\'s Executive Director, Ron Cooper, assigned Managing Director duties to his outreach coordinator, Martin Anaya. In 2004, due to budget and staffing cuts Access Sacramento management decided to forgo the larger Festival in favor of one of its components, the highly successful \"Place Called Sacramento\" local film incubation program, started by Mr. Cooper and Anaya. Not wanting many of the other festival programs to suffer, Martin Anaya asked for and received Access Sacramento\'s blessing to continue the Festival of Cinema separately under the new banner \"The Sacramento Film Festival\". ## Goal The stated goal of the festival is to serve and promote the Sacramento community as a cultural center for film arts
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# Samuel B. Griffith **Samuel Blair Griffith II** (May 31, 1906 -- March 27, 1983) was a brigadier general in the United States Marine Corps. Griffith entered the Marines in 1929 after graduating from the United States Naval Academy. He served in and commanded Marine units in the Pacific theater of World War II and retired from service in 1956. After his retirement, Griffith wrote several books and numerous articles on military history and lectured widely. He died on March 27, 1983, in Rhode Island. ## Early life through World War II {#early_life_through_world_war_ii} Griffith was born May 31, 1906, in Lewistown, Pennsylvania. Upon graduation from the U.S. Naval Academy with a B.S. in electrical engineering in 1929, he accepted a commission as a second lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps. Prior to World War II, he took part in the Second Nicaraguan Campaign, and served in China, Cuba, and England. From 1935 to 1938, he studied the Chinese language while attached to the U.S. Embassy in Beijing, where he mastered Chinese. During World War II, following a period observing British commando training in England and Scotland, he returned to the 1st Marine Division and served as executive officer and later commander of the 1st Marine Raiders Battalion on Guadalcanal, and executive officer of the 1st Raider Regiment in operations on New Georgia. He received the Navy Cross on Guadalcanal in September 1942 for \"extreme heroism and courageous devotion to duty\" during the fighting near the Matanikau River. During this action, Griffith suffered wounds for which he was awarded the Purple Heart. For his exploits in July in New Georgia, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. ### Navy Cross citation {#navy_cross_citation} **Citation:** > The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Blair Griffith, II (MCSN: 0--4436), United States Marine Corps, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service while leading the FIRST Marine Raider Battalion against enemy Japanese forces in the vicinity of Matanikau, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, on 27 September 1942. With the only other field officer of the battalion killed that morning, and with his men greatly outnumbered and almost completely surrounded by the enemy, Lieutenant Colonel Griffith moved forward to a position where he could reconnoiter the ground in front of him, in order to effectively employ the troops and weapons under his command. While on this mission, he was painfully wounded by an enemy sniper bullet. Refusing to relinquish command of his troops or leave them without a field officer to control the situation, he returned to his post and personally directed the movements of the battalion throughout the remainder of the afternoon. Later, when relieved by a superior officer, he was finally evacuated to a hospital. By his outstanding leadership, great personal courage, and utter disregard for his own safety in a desperate situation, he maintained the confidence of his subordinate officers and the morale of his troops who fought valorously throughout the remainder of the day. By his dauntless leadership, sustained valor and self-sacrificing devotion to duty under critical combat conditions, Lieutenant Colonel Griffith upheld the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service. ### Distinguished Service Cross citation {#distinguished_service_cross_citation} **Citation:** > The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Blair Griffith, II (MCSN: 0--4436), United States Marine Corps, for extraordinary heroism in connection with military operations against an armed enemy while Commanding the FIRST Marine Raider Battalion in the attack on an enemy shore battery at Enogai Point, New Georgia, Solomon Islands, from 7 to 10 July 1943. Colonel Griffith frequently went alone on reconnaissance through areas covered by enemy fire as he skillfully led his battalion in its advance through swamp and dense jungle toward the objective. Although his men had been without food or water for thirty-six hours, his brilliant leadership and courage infused them with fresh energy to deliver paralyzing blows in the final assault during which four naval guns were seized and 350 of the enemy were killed. The outstanding heroism and skill displayed by Lieutenant Colonel Griffith on this occasion reflect highest credit upon himself and the Armed Forces of the United States. ## Post-war career {#post_war_career} From 1946 to 1947, he held staff positions in Qingdao, China, giving him a front-row seat to observe the escalating Chinese Civil War. After participating in the post-World War II occupation of North China, where he commanded the 3rd Marine Regiment and later the U.S. Marine Forces in Qingdao, he was a student and then a faculty member at the U.S. Naval War College in Newport from 1947 to 1950. From 1951 to 1952, he was chief of staff, Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic, and from 1953 to 1956, General Griffith was on the staff of the U.S. Commander in Chief, Europe. He retired from the Marine Corps in 1956, after completing more than 25 years of active service.
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# Samuel B. Griffith ## Post-retirement career {#post_retirement_career} Following his retirement, General Griffith entered Oxford University (New College) and was awarded his D.Phil. in Chinese Military History in 1961. With an interest in China and the Chinese language dating back to pre-World War II days, he translated Mao Zedong\'s *On Guerrilla Warfare* in 1961 and Sun Tzu\'s *The Art of War* in 1963. The latter is much more than a mere translation. It incorporates numerous ancient Chinese commentaries on \"The Art of War,\" and also culls a variety of ancient sources for the chapters on Sun Tzu\'s biography, the evolution of the text, the Warring States period, ancient warfare, and a comparison with Mao Zedong\'s military thought. The words choice is perhaps evocative of both the hard work of translation and of the author\'s experiences at Guadalcanal and New Georgia. Griffith also wrote the definitive *The Battle for Guadalcanal*, *The Chinese People\'s Liberation Army*, and, his last major work, *In Defense of the Public Liberty*, a book concerned with the Revolutionary War. He was a research fellow, China Study, at the Council on Foreign Relations and a member of the Institute for Defense Studies in London. General Griffith published widely in such journals as The New Yorker, Saturday Evening Post, U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, Town & Country, Marine Corps Gazette, and Foreign Affairs. He has also lectured widely at such establishments as the Armed Forces Staff College, United States Military Academy, Foreign Policy Association, and Marine Corps Schools. General Griffith was a life member of the 1st Marine Raider Association and the 1st Marine Division Association. He died unexpectedly on March 27, 1983, in Newport, Rhode Island
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# Sab Grey **Sab Grey** (real name: Frederick Prasunitz) is the founder of Iron Cross, the United States\' first skinhead hardcore/Oi! band. As a teenager, he began to attend hardcore punk concerts in Washington DC, where he met Ian Mackaye, Henry Rollins, and others in the burgeoning Washington, DC hardcore subculture. In 1980, he founded Iron Cross. The band\'s name, as well as the skinhead look favored by its members, led to accusations of fascism, which Grey has always denied. Iron Cross released a handful of EPs, later released together as the album *Live For Now,* on GMM records (GMM174.) Their song \"Crucified\" became a hardcore classic after being covered by Agnostic Front. Other bands who have covered their songs include the Dropkick Murphys (You\'re A Rebel) and English Oi! band The Business (Crucified.) Weary of the controversy surrounding the band, Grey dismantled it in 1985 and moved to England in 1986. He later returned to the U.S. to start the rockabilly/ska/punk-influenced Royal Americans. As of 2006, Grey was continuing to play with the Royal Americans, and occasionally touring with a new lineup of Iron Cross. Sab Grey now lives in Baltimore, MD and is the author of two novels: *Skinhead Army* (2007) and *Hated and Proud* (2009), both published by Skinflint Press
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# List of Vermont state symbols This is a **list of symbols of the state of Vermont** in the United States. The majority of symbols are officially codified in the Vermont Statutes Annotated in Title 1, Chapter 11, while others are unofficial. Legally recognized symbols include the mineral, flower, bird, beverage, pie, mammal, song, insect, tree, and fish, while unofficial symbols of Vermont include: maple syrup; the eastern white pine (*Pinus strobus*), which was worn as a badge by the Green Mountain Boys and appears on the Vermont coat of arms and Vermont Military Crest; and the white-tailed deer (*Odocoileus virginianus*), which also appears on the state\'s coat of arms. The number 14 figures prominently in the state\'s history and lore. The Vermont Republic lasted for fourteen years, the pine tree on the Great Seal of Vermont has fourteen branches, the state has fourteen counties, and Vermont was the fourteenth state in the Union. Vermont\'s state song is \"These Green Mountains\", composed by Diane Martin and arranged by Rita Buglass Gluck. This song was officially designated as the state song on 22 May 2000. This song replaced \"Hail to Vermont!\", which was written by Josephine Hovey-Perry and made the state song in 1938. However, \"Moonlight in Vermont\" remains an unofficial favorite. The state bird is the hermit thrush (*Catharus guttatus*). This was adopted in 1941. The bird was only designated after debate in the legislature; though the hermit thrush is found in all of 14 counties and has a distinctive sweet call, it leaves the state during the winter for its yearly southward migration. Many legislators favored the blue jay (*Cyanocitta cristata*). The red clover (*Trifolium pratense*) was designated as the state flower by the Vermont General Assembly in 1895. The red clover is often seen in the countryside of Vermont hosting the state insect -- the western honey bee (*Apis mellifera*), designated by Act 124 of the 1978 biennial session of the Vermont General Assembly. A natural companion and frequent visitor to the state flower, the honey bee was chosen for its agricultural benefits, and for being a \"social\" insect and representing the unity side of Vermont\'s state motto Freedom and Unity. Vermont named two official state fish by Joint Resolution of the Vermont General Assembly in 1978 and statute in 2011: the cold-water fish, the brook trout (*Salvelinus fontinalis*) and the warm-water fish, the walleye (*Sander vitreous vitreous*). The state tree is the sugar maple (*Acer saccharum*), effective in 1949. The sugar maple is the source of maple syrup, Vermont\'s most famous export. The state mushroom is the bear\'s head tooth fungus (*Hericium americanum*), effective in 2024. The Morgan horse became the state mammal in 1961. The Morgan horse is a horse breed originally from Vermont, and named for Justin Morgan. The state maintains standards and develops bloodlines for the breed at the University of Vermont\'s Morgan Horse Farm at Weybridge. Vermont has also designated an official state mineral (talc), pie (apple pie), soil (\"Tunbridge Soil Series\"), beverage (milk), gem (grossular garnet), and fossil (the beluga skeleton at the University of Vermont\'s [Perkins Geology Museum](http://www.uvm.edu/perkins/)). The state reptile is the painted turtle. The state rocks are granite, marble, and slate. Vermont is distinct for being among only three U.S. states with both a state seal and a coat of arms. Vermont is the only U.S. state to have a heraldically correct blazon describing its coat of arms
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# The Continuum Continuum}} `{{Infobox video game |title = The Continuum |image = TheContinuum Logo.jpg |developer = [[Seven Lights]] |publisher = |designer = |engine = |released = June 25, 2008 (Disruption) |genre = RPG/Strategy |modes = [[Multiplayer video game|Multiplayer]], [[Single Player]] |platforms = [[Adobe Flash]] based }}`{=mediawiki} ***The Continuum*** is a discontinued online strategy game that combines turn-based war gaming with role-playing game-like character development and the collectability of a tabletop miniatures game. It takes place in the Crossworld, a new reality formed from the collapse of several formerly separate worlds that became unhinged in the space/time continuum. The game was developed by Seven Lights and launched on June 25, 2008. It has been discontinued as of 2011. ## Gameplay One starts by signing up, and receiving free units to build a squad that a player will use to battle other players and find usable equipment on the battlefield. A player can also purchase units with real money, whether in starter packs of 40, booster packs of 15, or individually. The developers have indicated that everyone may play for free, receiving one free booster pack upon registration. Once a player have purchased their units, they may begin spending their \"ability points\" to improve the units. Common units have one ability point to spend, Uncommon units have two, Rare units begin with three and Heroic units have four. As a player spend these ability points, they can choose what abilities their units will have in combat. A player\'s choices is important, though they gain additional ability points as their units level up, depending on their rarity. Next, a player must form their units into squads within an army. This is easily accomplished by either a simple click of a button or dragging the units into the squad header. Once an army is built, players can discuss the game in the lobby until a player find someone to challenge or is challenged by someone. After challenging or being challenged by an opponent, a player will choose the point value and map for their battle. Having chosen those aspects and the army that a player will use to battle, they then may explore the various sites for equipment before entering combat against their opponent. Once their squad makes contact with another squad, a player enters a combat screen. Here a player get to make use of those abilities that they purchased in the set-up stage. The battle selection screen is very customizable to prevent abuse of new players by more experience characters. A player\'s individual units make use of their skills, they have a squad tactic the player choose (default is attack) based on this tactic, they may or may not gain an advantage to their actions in that round of combat. After three such rounds of combat, a player return to the map screen and may move about again. The winner (based on the criteria chosen at the beginning of the scenario) is given a larger chunk of experience points to each of their characters. While the defeated player is given less, so that even in losing, a player\'s characters still gain experience and may level up, just not as fast. After the scenario is finished, a player can return to their army screen, outfit their units with equipment they found during the battle, spend ability points gained from leveling, and change the composition of their armies and squads. Primarily involving turn-based squad combat, the game allows players to improve the individual units in their squadron with power-ups, abilities and equipment. Players will be able to find new equipment scattered throughout the game world, and will be rewarded for accomplishing various objectives. In addition to random finds and trading, players can improve their armies through the purchase of expansion packs, similar to those in collectible card games. The game is designed in a browser-based format using Adobe Flash. The developers have said the format will allow them to add and change content very quickly in response to the community.
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# The Continuum ## Synopsis *The Continuum* universe is developed through three issues of a comic book in addition to the game itself. The comics, written by the Seven Lights developers, originate various plot lines that will presumably be critical to the game. A fourth issue is in the works for the launch sometime in mid-2009. The first issue discusses a war between two shape shifting races, the wolf-like Kherr and the bird-like Talon, and then presents a new cat-like enemy that the two races must come together to defend against. Issue two introduces a vampire hunter and the trials he faces in his task. The two story lines begin to merge at the end of the second issue. The Third issue follows the story of a race of elemental wielding humans known as manifests. It also introduces the first hint of player-to-story interaction, as it is popular belief that the final page in the comic shows a location from the role-playing forum. Continuum developers have said player actions in the game world will influence the direction of the story line. In addition, they currently plan to expand the story\'s narrative through additional comics, novels, and digital videos. ### Realities and Races {#realities_and_races} The Disruption was a cataclysmic event which caused four separate realities to collide and merge. From these original worlds came a variety of races and species, each with their own unique powers and abilities. They were thrown together in this new place, a world which became known as The Crossworld. #### Shapeshifters A world where all beings can shift from human form to that of a beast. Eternal beings from this world have chosen to stay in their bestial form. These Eternals sometimes form a union or bond with one of their shapeshifting brethren. The Bonded unit and their Eternal partner can utilize devastating coordinated attacks against their unlucky opponents. **Kherr:** The Kherr are a fiercely loyal race of beings that can shapeshift between wolf and human form. Living in harmony with the land, the Kherr use their ability to adapt and conceal themselves within their terrain. Kherr are cunning melee warriors, trained from birth in the arts of guerrilla warfare and vicious hand-to-hand combat. **Talon:** The Talon are an agile race of beings that can shapeshift between great eagle and human form. With their superior vision and view from above, the Talon can inflict crippling ranged attacks with little risk of taking damage themselves. Talon are adept at civic rule and have great skills at fostering commerce between groups, usually to their own benefit. **Ursa:** The Ursa are a race of huge beings that can shapeshift between bear and human form. Ursa are intelligent, artistic, methodical and slow to anger, however when family or kin are threatened, the Ursa become the most aggressive of all races, employing an arsenal of punishing melee attacks. **Ferran:** The Ferran are a ferocious race of beings that can shapeshift between great cats and human form. The Ferran are dim, impulsive brutes who bite and slash their way to getting what they want. Ferran are not known for their great strength or strategic prowess, but they make up for it with speed, razor sharp teeth, and long claws. Ferran are nomadic by nature and typically overwhelm foes with superior numbers and lightning-quick surprise attacks. **Ancients:** Ancients are a noble race of beings that can shapeshift between dragons and human form. The Ancients hadn\'t been seen in over a century prior to the Disruption and were thought to be extinct. They had retreated as a race to the highest of mountains- higher than the strongest Talon could reach- to escape the constant conflict and erosion of civility between the other shapeshifting races. #### Vampire A world overrun by voracious vampires that forged together a dwindling resistance of mystical elves and hardened humans who were making their last stand against the vampires at the time of the Disruption. **Vampire:** No longer human, these blood-thirsty leeches overtook their entire reality before being brought to The Crossworld. **Elf:** Tall and lithe, elves of the Vampire reality revere the sun and harness the light it brings through their magicks. **Human:** The most adaptable of all races. Humans are the most proficient race at utilizing social bonds for survival. More than any other race, humans can develop and specialize in many different ways, but have very few natural resistances to attacks. **Unclean:** Rather than face death or being turned by the Vampires, the cowardly Unclean tainted themselves with dead Vampire Blood thereby making themselves unappealing to the Leeches but less than human. #### Manifested A world where all people manifest a distinct power (fire, ice, etc..) at some point in their lives. The later in life the power is manifested, the greater the power. **Fire:** The Fire race of beings from the Manifested world can create and use fire in offensive and defensive attacks. Fire beings are known for their ambition and will use force as a means to achieving their goals. Once their goals are achieved, the people of Fire typically maintain peace through laws and structure instead of bloodshed. **Earth:** The Earth race of beings from the Manifested world can use and manipulate the earth and terrain in offensive and defensive attacks. Mercurial and possessing great strength, the Earth race are a simple folk who often are ruled by their hearts instead of their intellect. **Water:** The Water race of beings from the Manifested world can create and use water in offensive and defensive attacks. Water beings are typically even-keeled and calculating. They are not known for outright aggression, and prefer to stay as neutral as possible. However, if engaged, the water race will not hesitate to return aggression with decisive force. **Air:** The Air race of beings from the Manifested world can use and manipulate the heavens in offensive and defensive attacks. The race of Air beings is generally a mischievous lot who enjoy wielding their power for their own amusement. They tend to be aloof and unconcerned with things that occur in the sea or on the land. Although they lack physical strength, air beings can inflict heavy damage with precise ranged attacks from great distances. **Gypsy:** A disdained segment of society in the Manifested reality with strange and mysterious powers. #### The Legion {#the_legion} A world that has been dominated by one militaristic society. From the lowliest Legion Squire to the most battle-tested Order Captain---all Legion units can be counted on for fierce discipline and precise execution. **Human:** The most adaptable of all races. Humans are the most proficient race at utilizing social bonds for survival. More than any other race, humans can develop and specialize in many different ways, but have very few natural resistances to attacks. **Manoan:** The Manoans are a peaceful, island people who possess great size and physical agility. Although docile as a race, Manoans engage in a brutal, physically demanding sport known as Quaila. Quaila matches are fiercely competitive with a loss resulting in the defeated team cutting their hair in shame. **Ravager:** Once thought to be extinct, ravagers are a race of beings that was created through alchemical experiments gone horribly wrong. Huge, fast and vicious, Ravagers are almost unbeatable in melee combat. These feral beasts have sharp metal shards fused to their bodies that act as both armor and weapon. **Brynstan:** For years, the Brynstans were simply a myth---something to scare children. Their proliferation went beyond their ability to remain clandestine, and eventually their dark alchemy led to the blighting of the Legion reality
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# Ball turret A **ball turret** is a spherical-shaped, altazimuth mount gun turret, fitted to some American-built aircraft during World War II. The name arose from the turret\'s spherical housing. It was a manned turret, as distinct from remote-controlled turrets also in use. The turret held the gunner, two heavy machine guns, ammunition, and sights. The Sperry Corporation designed ventral versions that became the most common version; thus, the term \"ball turret\" generally indicates these versions. ## Sperry ball turret {#sperry_ball_turret} `{{Original research|section|date=July 2016}}`{=mediawiki} Sperry and Emerson Electric each developed a ball turret, and the designs were similar in the nose turret version. Development of the spherical Emerson was halted. The Sperry nose turret was tested and preferred, but its use was limited due to poor availability of suitable aircraft designs. The Sperry-designed ventral system saw widespread use and production, including much sub-contracting. The design was mainly deployed on the B-17 Flying Fortress and the B-24 Liberator, as well as the United States Navy\'s Liberator, the PB4Y-1. The ventral turret was used in tandem in the Convair B-32, successor to the B-24. Ball turrets appeared in the nose and tail as well as the nose of the final series B-24. The Sperry ball turret was 3 and a half feet in diameter in order to reduce drag, and was typically operated by the smallest man of the crew. To enter the turret, the turret was moved until the guns were pointed straight down. The gunner placed his feet in the heel rests and occupied his cramped station. He would put on a safety strap and close and lock the turret door. There was no room inside for a normal (back-worn) parachute, which was left in the cabin above the turret. The ball turret gunner was thus often the only man of the crew to not have a parachute on or next to him, though some gunners wore a chest parachute inside the turret. The gunner was forced to assume a fetal position within the turret with his back and head against the rear wall, his hips at the bottom, and his legs held in mid-air by two footrests on the front wall. This left him positioned with his eyes roughly level with the pair of light-barrel Browning AN/M2 .50 caliber machine guns which extended through the entire turret, located to either side of the gunner. The charging handles were located too close to the gunner to be operated easily, so a cable was attached to the handle through pulleys to a handle near the front of the turret. Another factor was that not all stoppages could be corrected by charging (cocking) the guns. In many cases, when a stoppage occurred, it was necessary for the gunner to \"reload\" the gun, which required access to the firing chamber of the guns. Access was severely restricted by the guns\' location in the small turret. Normally, the gunner accessed the firing chamber by releasing a latch and raising the cover to a position perpendicular to the gun but this was not possible in the ball turret. To remedy that, the front end of the cover was \"slotted\". The gunner released the latch and removed the cover which allowed space to clear the action. Small ammunition boxes rested on the top of the turret and additional ammunition belts fed the turret by means of a chute system. A reflector sight was hung from the top of the turret, positioned roughly between the gunner\'s feet. In the case of the B-24, the Liberator\'s tricycle landing gear design mandated that its A-13 model Sperry ball turret have a vertically retractable mount, so that the turret would not strike the ground as the plane pitches up for takeoff or during the landing flare. The conventional landing gear of the B-17 allowed for a non-retractable mount, but if the plane was required to do a belly landing (such as in the case of landing gear system failure), the ball turret would likely be destroyed due to the lack of clearance, meaning anyone occupying the turret would be in a precarious position if unable to escape. ## ERCO ball turret {#erco_ball_turret} After testing in mid-1943, the ERCO ball turret became the preferred bow installation in the US Navy\'s Consolidated PB4Y-1 Liberator and PB4Y-2 Privateer patrol bombers although other types continued to be installed. Earlier designs appeared in other patrol seaplanes. It served a double purpose, defense against bow attacks as well as fire suppression and offensive strafing in antisubmarine warfare. Since this turret is of the ball type, the gunner moves with his guns and sight in elevation and azimuth by means of control handles. Among the earlier designs was the Martin 250SH bow turret of the PBM-3 twin-engined patrol flying boat which had many points of similarity in design and action
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# Kiss 105 **Kiss 105** was a dance music radio station based in Leeds, West Yorkshire. It was part of a new breed of regional radio stations as opposed to Independent Local Radio. ## History The licence, covering the Yorkshire and Humberside region, was one of the biggest in the UK outside London, and it was won by Faze FM, who already operated Kiss 102 in Manchester. EMAP who owned London\'s Kiss 100 gave Faze permission to license the name. The station was launched by Bam Bam at 5 pm on 14 February 1997 and the first track played was \'I Like It (Lisa Marie Vocal Experience)\' by Angel Moraes. Most programming came from Leeds but some specialist shows, especially at the weekend, were simulcast on both Kiss stations. Later in 1997, both stations were sold to Chrysalis Radio who rebranded the stations as Galaxy 105 as the brand licence required them to relinquish the name. ## Technical A total of four transmitters were used to cover the whole of Yorkshire. The East Riding of Yorkshire is served by 105.8, Sheffield by 105.6, Bradford by 105.6 and a general Yorkshire transmitter on 105.1 FM. The studios were based at Joseph\'s Well, Hanover Walk, Park Lane in Leeds, West Yorkshire and are still used for Capital Yorkshire. Some of the programmes were shared with the Manchester station. ## DJs/presenters - BamBam - Tony Fisher - Rob Tissera - Jo-Jo (Now at Capital Yorkshire -- part of Capital Yorkshire Drivetime alongside Adam O'Neill, weekdays 4--7pm ) - [Alex Pepper](http://www.alexpepper.co.uk) - [Graeme Park](http://thisisgraemepark.com/) - Jez Willis - David Dunne ```{=html} <!-- --> ``` - [Andi Durrant](http://www.andidurrant
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# Concert Fantasia (Tchaikovsky) The **Concert Fantasia in G**, Op. 56, for piano and orchestra, was written by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky between June and October 1884. It was premiered in Moscow on `{{OldStyleDate|6 March|1885|22&nbsp;February}}`{=mediawiki}, with Sergei Taneyev as soloist and Max Erdmannsdörfer conducting. The Concert Fantasia received many performances in the first 20 years of its existence. It then disappeared from the repertoire and lay virtually unperformed for many years, but underwent a revival in the latter part of the 20th century. ## Structure This work is written in two movements and lasts approximately 30 minutes. 1. *Quasi rondo: Andante mosso* : The *quasi* part of the title for this movement describes a formal layout in which musical material for a *rondo* appears only once then returns at the end, after a single episode. The playful character of the two themes presented may have justified in the composer\'s mind an affinity with the sparkling character classical rondo finales. Other than this, there is nothing connecting them with usual rondo practice. Nevertheless, Tchaikovsky succeeds in developing his ideas originally within the demands of piano virtuosity and orchestral accompaniment. 2. *Contrastes* : Like the opening movement, this one poses a formal problem, albeit an uncommon one, then solves it simply and well. Beginning as a cadenza for piano solo, the movement contrasts a slow, melodic opening theme (quickly counterpointed by a solo cello) and a quicker, dance-like second theme alternate, contrast and compete against one another, with very lively results, leading into the final section without a break. These very extensive sections take the place of slow movement and finale for a conventional concerto. Tempo indications are *Andante Cantabile - Molto Vivace - Vivacissimo - Allegro Moderato - Vivacissimo - Molto Piu Tranquillo - Vivace*. Tchaikovsky had voiced his dislike for the sound of piano and orchestra while writing his Second Piano Concerto with his isolating the soloist from the orchestra as much as possible. Tchaikovsky scholar David Brown notes that the middle section of the *quasi Rondo* of the Fantasia, written for piano solo, \"was the logical goal toward which this precedent had pointed\". This gives the section the appearance of a cadenza while actually being based on new material. This cadenza substitutes for the development section in sonata form. ## Instrumentation The Fantasia is scored for piano solo plus the following: **Woodwinds** : 3 flutes : 2 oboes : 2 clarinets in A : 2 bassoons **Brass** : 4 horns in F : 2 trumpets in D : 3 trombones **Percussion** : Timpani : Glockenspiel : Tambourine **Strings** : Violins : Violas : Cellos : Double basses
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# Concert Fantasia (Tchaikovsky) ## Overview ### Two works, one source {#two_works_one_source} Tchaikovsky returned from abroad at the beginning of March 1884, determined to spend the spring months with his sister at Kamenka. This trip was delayed by urgent modifications to his opera *Mazeppa*. Tchaikovsky wrote to Nadezhda von Meck from St. Petersburg on 13 March 1884, \"I am feeling a surge of energy, and an impatience to set about something new \" But Tchaikovsky did not manage to start any new work in Saint Petersburg. Only after arriving at Kamenka on 12 April did Tchaikovsky set to work. Tchaikovsky was uncertain initially what type of composition he would write. Captivated by the playing of the famed Liszt pupil Eugen d\'Albert, who had given concerts in Moscow during the 1883/84 season, his thoughts turned to a new piano concerto. Nonetheless, he wrote in his diary for 13 April 1884, \"I stopped playing around and came up with something new. Hit upon an idea for a concerto for piano, but it still sounded too poor and unoriginal\". Progress, at least in the composer\'s view, did not improve over time. On 17 and 18 April, Tchaikovsky wandered in the Trostianka woods and noted down, in his own words: \"wretched ideas.\" In June, after completing the sketches and piano arrangement of what would become the Third Orchestral Suite while staying at Grankino, Tchaikovsky returned to composing the Concert Fantasia. He now included *Contrastes*, the rejected first movement of the suite, as the second movement of the Fantasia. This was surprising considering the amount of grief its writing had caused him when he originally conceived it for the Third Suite. Though Tchaikovsky apparently could not keep his hands off this music, he still harboured doubts about it. At the end of the *Quasi rondo* opening movement, he added an optional coda for the soloist which was both technically showy and rhetorically empty. This alternative cadenza was to be used in case *Contrastes* was omitted in performance. ### First performance {#first_performance} During October and November the Concert Fantasia was rapidly engraved, since it had to be ready for a concert of the Russian Musical Society in December, where Taneyev would premiere it. This performance, scheduled for 15 December 1884, was delayed owing to the indisposition of the conductor, Max Erdmannsdörfer. The concert took place on 22 February 1885 at the tenth symphony concert of the Russian Musical Society in Moscow. Taneyev was soloist, with Erdmannsdörfer conducting. Tchaikovsky, who attended the concert, wrote to Modest on 25 February, \"I heard a superb performance of the Fantasia by Taneyev and the orchestra, with which I was delighted. It had great success with the public.\" In St. Petersburg, the Concert Fantasia was performed for the first time on 4 April 1886 in the tenth symphony concert of the Russian Musical Society, conducted by Hans von Bülow and with Taneyev as soloist. The Concert Fantasia was published by P. Jurgenson. Arrangements for four pianos and two hands were brought out in December 1884, the orchestral parts in January 1885, and the full score in March 1893. The arrangement of the Fantasia was printed with a dedication to Anna Yesipova, and the full score to Sophie Menter.
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# Concert Fantasia (Tchaikovsky) ## Analysis ### *Quasi Rondo* {#quasi_rondo} The first movement of the fantasia, *Quasi Rondo*, is purely decorative in form and moderately eloquent and emotional in content. This movement is not a true rondo. It tries to approximate rondo form by beginning and ending with an extensive section which could be called a principal rondo subject. However, these two statements also have a second theme. The first time this theme appears, it is in the key of the dominant; the second time, it appears in the tonic. This order of appearance is more like the two subjects in a regular sonata movement. While *Quasi sonata* might have proved a more fitting title, what actually matters here is that the music is a manner of charm, elegant craftsmanship and a high entertainment value. The main theme is developed playfully, almost in the vein of a fairy-tale ballet. The solo part is written into the music so that it uses virtuosity for musical purposes without conspicuous display. With the second theme, it is the piano and not the orchestra that carries and develops it. The middle section, which begins with a long, elaborate solo passage, is episodic. It employs two new melodic ideas, expansive in themselves and even more luxuriantly developed. The orchestra stays silent during this long interlude. When it enters for the recapitulation, the music proceeds much as it did before, except for a new transition so the second subject can remain in the tonic and allow the movement to close on the tonic. ### *Contrastes* *Contrastes* is both an attractive and characteristic piece --- so much so that it is hard for some critics to believe Tchaikovsky did not like this piece and offered an alternative to it. Two main themes predominate, one fast, the other slow. They are shown as contrasts not just one by one in the order of sonata first and second subjects, but often simultaneously and in varying ways. The piece could be considered a classic solution in thematic telescoping. The only qualm is that the quick theme can seem to lack spontaneity, as though it had been over-engineered for its role in this movement. One important note is that the counterpoint for solo cello added to the slow tune being played by the piano is not the contrasting idea to which the title of the piece refers. It is merely an episode, Neither is the quiet melody that follows over an accompaniment embodying one of those inner pedal points which are a characteristic trick of Tchaikovsky\'s musical style. (The trick being mentioned is that of two alternating notes which go on for some time while the corresponding harmony changes. This happens in the finale of the Fifth Symphony.) The first hint that something in a new, quick rhythm is going to be contrasted with the slow theme is when the soloist plays rapid ascending scales to its restatement by the oboe. These develop into quicker arpeggios. Follow these is a cleverly contrived transition where the arpeggios act as though mutual friends, introducing the two different rhythmic elements to each other in a passage where these patterns not meet but overlap.
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# Concert Fantasia (Tchaikovsky) ## Why neglect? {#why_neglect} Tchaikovsky biographer and music writer David Brown has commented, \"\[The Concert Fantasia\'s\] crippling weakness is that it contains not one really strong idea, yet its very original structure suffices to show that Tchaikovsky was concerned to fashion something more than a mere showpiece to gratify a virtuoso pianist or inflame a lionizing audience\". He adds, \"For all its melodic shortcomings, the Concert Fantasia has some engaging qualities and a structural freshness which should win it the occasional hearing\". ## Recordings One of its earliest modern-day champions was Noel Mewton-Wood, who recorded it in 1951, with an orchestra conducted by Walter Goehr. Later recordings include: - Igor Ardašev with the Prague Symphony Orchestra conducted by Leoš Svárovský - Peter Donohoe with the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra conducted by Rudolf Barshai - Bernd Glemser with the Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra conducted by Antoni Wit - Werner Haas with the Monte Carlo National Opera Orchestra conducted by Eliahu Inbal - Stephen Hough with the Minnesota Orchestra conducted by Osmo Vänskä - Tatiana Nikolayeva with the USSR Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Kirill Kondrashin - Květa Novotná with the Prague Radio Symphony Orchestra conducted by Jaroslav Soukup - Mikhail Pletnev with the Philharmonia Orchestra conducted by Vladimir Fedoseyev - Michael Ponti with the Prague Symphony Orchestra conducted by Richard Kapp - Konstantin Scherbakov with Russian Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Dmitri Yablonsky - Dimitris Sgouros with the London Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Walter Weller. - Andrej Hoteev with the Tchaikovsky Symphony Orchestra conducted by Vladimir Fedoseyev
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# Sylvia Woods **Sylvia Woods** (February 2, 1926 -- July 19, 2012) was an American restaurateur who founded the restaurant Sylvia\'s in Harlem on Lenox Avenue, New York City with her husband, Herbert Woods, in 1962. The soul food eatery is a popular gathering place for Harlem residents and tourists not far from the Apollo Theater. ## Life Sylvia was born to Julia and Van Pressley in Hemingway, South Carolina. Her father, Van Pressley, died when she was just three days old from complications of injuries he received during combat in World War I. By April 10, 1930, she had lived in Williamsburg County, South Carolina, with her grandmother Sylvia Johnson, the woman she was named after. Johnson had worked as a farmer, a trade that Pressley would get into when she got a little older. In 1930, Sylvia\'s mother took the rest of her family to New York so she could better provide for her family, leaving her grandmother, Sylvia Johnson to raise three-year-old Sylvia. Woods met her future husband, Herbert, in a bean field when she was 11 years old and he was 12. They married in 1944 after he followed her to New York. They had four children together: Van, Bedelia, Kenneth, and Crizette. Woods graduated from high school in her hometown of Hemingway, South Carolina. She trained to become a beautician in New York, and also ran a beauty shop in South Carolina. Woods also worked in a hat factory, and as a waitress at a restaurant called Johnson's Luncheonette in Harlem from 1954 to 1962. Woods worked at Johnson\'s for about seven or eight years. When the owner wanted to sell, he offered the place to Woods for \$20,000. During the early 1990s, the business expanded and now seats up to 450 people. It also has a catering business. Organized and started by her son Van in 1992, Sylvia came out with her own line of soul food products that are sold nationally. Woods\' products include many of her special sauces, vegetables, spices, syrup, and cornbread and pancake mixes. Woods produced two cookbooks: *Sylvia's Soul Food Cookbook,* published in 1992; and *Sylvia's Family Soul Food Cookbook,* published in 1999, both by William Morrow and Company. The restaurant remains owned and operated by the Woods family. In August 2011, they celebrated 50 years in Harlem. Guests have included Quincy Jones, Diana Ross, Muhammad Ali, Bill Clinton, Robert F. Kennedy, and President Barack Obama. Sylvia Woods stepped down from the day-to-day operations of the restaurant when she was 80 years old. Sylvia\'s is currently owned and operated by her children and grandchildren. Her husband Herbert predeceased her, dying in 2001. Woods died on July 19, 2012, at her home in Mount Vernon, New York, at the age of 86. She had suffered from Alzheimer\'s disease for several years. In 2014, the corner of W.126th Street and Lenox Avenue in Harlem was co-named \"Sylvia P. Woods Way.\" ## Awards and recognition {#awards_and_recognition} Due to the immense popularity of her soul-food staples, Woods was known as \"the Queen of Soul Food.\" Spike Lee used Sylvia\'s restaurant as a location for his 1991 film *Jungle Fever*. New York Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg was due to present Woods with an award at a celebration of the 50th anniversary of Sylvia's Restaurant shortly after she died; a family friend accepted it on her behalf. Former President of the United States Bill Clinton was one of many who spoke in her memory at a two-hour-long memorial on July 24, 2012
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# 2005 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Women's downhill The **women\'s downhill competition in the 2005 FIS Alpine Skiing World Cup** involved eight events, including the World Cup season finals in Lenzerheide, Switzerland. In the finals, generally only the top 25 racers in the discipline (along with skiers having more than 500 points overall and the world juniors champion in the discipline) are eligible to compete, and only the top 15 finishers receive points. Defending discipline champion Renate Götschl of Austria entered the finals with a 32-point lead over Germany\'s Hilde Gerg and then clinched her fourth championship in this discipline by winning the finals race, as Gerg finished third. The season was interrupted by the 2005 World Ski Championships, which were held from 28 January to 13 February in Bormio, Italy. The women\'s downhill was held on 6 February and was won by Croatia\'s Janica Kostelić
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# Glucogenic amino acid A **glucogenic amino acid** (or **glucoplastic amino acid**) is an amino acid that can be converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis. This is in contrast to the ketogenic amino acids, which are converted into ketone bodies. The production of glucose from glucogenic amino acids involves these amino acids being converted to alpha keto acids and then to glucose, with both processes occurring in the liver. This mechanism predominates during catabolysis, rising as fasting and starvation increase in severity. As an example, consider alanine. Alanine is a glucogenic amino acid that the liver\'s gluconeogenesis process can use to produce glucose. Muscle cells break down their protein when their blood glucose levels fall, which happens during fasting or periods of intense exercise. The breakdown process releases alanine, which is then transferred to the liver. Through a transamination process, alanine is changed into pyruvate in the liver. Following this, pyruvate is transformed into oxaloacetate, a crucial step in the gluconeogenesis process. It is possible to synthesize glucose from oxaloacetate, ensuring that the blood glucose levels required for the body to produce energy are maintained. In humans, the glucogenic amino acids are: - Alanine - Arginine - Asparagine - Aspartic acid - Cysteine - Glutamic acid - Glutamine - Glycine - Histidine - Methionine - Proline - Serine - Valine Amino acids that are both glucogenic and ketogenic, known as amphibolic (mnemonic \"PITTT\"): - Phenylalanine - Isoleucine - Threonine - Tryptophan - Tyrosine Only leucine and lysine are not glucogenic (they are only ketogenic). Glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids are classified according to the metabolic pathways they enter after being broken down. Glucogenic amino acids can be converted into intermediates that feed the gluconeogenesis metabolic pathway, which produces glucose. When necessary, these amino acids can be used to generate glucose. As previously stated, because they can be transformed into glucose via a variety of metabolic pathways, the majority of amino acids (apart from leucine and lysine) are regarded as glucogenic. Alternatively, the breakdown of ketogenic amino acids results in the ketogenic precursors acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate. These substances undergo a process called ketogenesis that produces ketone bodies like acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone
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# Brown tumor The **brown tumor** is a bone lesion that arises in settings of excess osteoclast activity, such as hyperparathyroidism. They are a form of osteitis fibrosa cystica. It is not a neoplasm, but rather simply a mass. It most commonly affects the maxilla and mandible, though any bone may be affected. Brown tumours are radiolucent on x-ray. ## Pathology Brown tumours consist of fibrous tissue, woven bone and supporting vasculature, but no matrix. The osteoclasts consume the trabecular bone that osteoblasts lay down and this front of reparative bone deposition followed by additional resorption can expand beyond the usual shape of the bone, involving the periosteum thus causing bone pain. The characteristic brown coloration results from hemosiderin deposition into the osteolytic cysts. Hemosiderin deposition is not a distinctive feature of brown tumors; it may also be seen in giant cell tumors of the bone. Brown tumors may be rarely associated with ectopic parathyroid adenomas or end stage renal osteodystrophy. ## Diagnosis Histologically, it is impossible to distinguish a Brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism from other giant cell lesions of bone. Rarely a focal collection of osteoclasts (brown tumor) may occur in relation to periosteum and be indistinguishable from a peripheral giant cell granuloma (giant cell epulis). The possibility of hyperparathyroidism should be considered in patients with recurrent or multiple giant cell epulides. Radiographically, brown tumor may show no detectable changes or a generalized osteoporosis. Partial loss of lamina dura around the teeth may occur but is not a constant feature. Focal Lesions (Brown Tumor) present as sharply defined, round or oval radiolucent areas which may appear multilocular. Such lesions occur more frequently in mandible than maxilla ## Treatment Treatment of hyperparathyroidism is required. Parathyroidectomy usually leads to spontaneous healing of Brown tumors in primary cases. Calcitriol (Rocaltrol) and cinacalcet (a calcimimetic) are used as pharmacologic treatments. ## Epidemiology Age and gender have an effect on the incidence of these lesions; they are more prevalent in women than men (though still common in both genders), and they appear more frequently with age. Due to the standard of medical care and screening in developed countries, it is increasingly rare for primary hyperparathyroidism to present with accompanying bone disease. This is not the case in less developed nations, however, and the two conditions are more often seen together
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# HY (band) **HY** `{{IPAc-en|ˌ|eɪ|tʃ|_|ˈ|w|aɪ}}`{=mediawiki} is a Japanese rock band formed in 2000 by five high school friends from Okinawa. ## History Their name comes from the initials of their hometown, Higashi Yakena. The band\'s popularity rose rapidly after a series of street performances; their debut album, *Departure*, released on 22 September 2001 (Okinawa-only), sold out immediately. In 2003, the band conducted a joint live performance with Linkin Park. Their second album, *Street Story*, released on 16 April 2003 topped the Oricon charts, staying at number 1 for four straight weeks (Indies Artist Record). Their third album, *Trunk*, was released on 12 April 2004, and yet again debuted at number 1 --- the first time such a feat has been accomplished by an indies artist. The band\'s fourth album, *Confidence* released on 12 April 2006, debuted at number 1 and retained the top spot for two consecutive weeks. HY has sold out all of their solo concerts. Their 2006 tour was a 47-location nationwide tour which sold out the day that the tickets became available. The tour gathered over 88,000 people. In December 2006, HY\'s *Kumakara Amae* (\"from the present to the future\") concert held in Nippon Budokan and Osaka-jo Hall sold out immediately and gathered over 20,000 fans in two days. HY entered the international music scene, starting with their first-ever overseas tour, beginning in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and extending to seven major US cities as part of the Japan Nite tour. Their fifth album, *HeartY*, was released on 16 April 2008. The album debuted at number 2 and sold over 300,000 units to date. In January 2010, HY\'s sixth album \"whistle\" was released. The band topped the Oricon chart. and December 2010, they performed at the 61st NHK Kohaku Uta Gassen. In December 2012, HY released their eighth album \"Route 29\" which contained the theme song of the NHK Asadora *Jun to Ai* and performed at the 63rd NHK Kohaku Uta Gassen. In 2025, HY producced the theme song for the broadcasts of 97th Senbatsu Baseball Tournament, titled `{{Nihongo|''''Hakkyuwo Tsunage''''|白球を繋げ}}`{=mediawiki}
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# Malinair **Malinair** was a commuter airline based at Glasgow Airport (GLA) in Scotland in the mid-1980s. ## Code data {#code_data} - IATA Code: WG - ICAO Code: MAK - Callsign: Malin ## History The company was founded in June 1985 by Glasgow lawyer Frank Cannon. Scheduled operations were launched in early 1986 with a Glasgow to Donegal service using 9 passenger Britten Norman Islander aircraft. A planned expansion saw the recruitment of a number of ex Air Ecosse staff, including Malinair\'s General Manager and Operations Manager. In the summer of 1986, Malinair began operating the former Air Ecosse Aberdeen-Glasgow-Belfast service with a leased Dornier 228 from Schreiner Airways (PH-SDO, re-registered G-MLDO cn8009) using Ecosse\'s route licence and WG flight code. By the following year the company had 3 BN2 Islanders (G-MALI, G-MALN, G-MALB) and 2 further Do.228s (G-MLNR cn8108 & G-CFIN cn8096) operating a mix of daytime schedule/charter and night mail flights. 1987 heralded an expansion of service from Donegal with the launch of flights to Manchester using a Do.228, whilst another Dornier operated Glasgow-Teesside-Gatwick. For a short time a BN2 Islander operated a Glasgow to Humberside service. Night mail flights were operated from Belfast, Glasgow and Aberdeen, primarily for Datapost. Despite ambitious plans including a £15 million contract for 7 Dorniers, the company ceased operations in the autumn of 1987. The end of Mailinair was complex with the shareholders agreeing in June 1987 to sell the company to Air Ecosse. Air Ecosse had itself been in administration since January 1987 and had only recently been bought by Isle of Man-based Traditional Investments for £477,000. Air Ecosse was in turn sold the following year to another Aberdeen based airline, Peregrine Air Services
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# Calixto Oyuela **Calixto Oyuela** (1857 - June 12, 1935) was an Argentine poet and essayist. ## Early life {#early_life} Calixto was a lawyer by training. He worked for some years as a lawyer before turning to teaching and literary criticism. He then traveled across Europe, in the process earning the membership of the Argentine diplomatic corps. He also rapidly gained renown as a scholar. He became a Professor of Spanish Literature at the National College of Buenos Aires. He also held the position of director of the National Conservatory and also of the Spanish Academy of Language. He was appointed as the first president of the Academia Argentina de Letras and the Ateneo de Buenos Aires. During his lifetime Calixto was celebrated as one of Argentina\'s best scholars and a prominent figure in the country\'s cultural renewal. ## Works Oyuela remains one of Argentina\'s most celebrated poets. Works like "Art Canto" (1881), "Eros and Songs" (1891), "Songs of Autumn and Night" reflect his poetic skill. But Oyuela\'s lyrical, classical yet romantic verse is overshadowed by his vigorous prose. It was prose that brought Oyuela fame. Among his most famous works of prose are *Literary Theory Elements of Argentina* (1880), *Notes On Spanish Literature*, and *Latin American Poetry Anthology*, which won the National Prize for Literature in 1919. Oyuela founded and was director of the *Scientific Literary Magazine*. He was at the helm of cultural and literary life in Argentina. He was a member of the Royal Spanish Academy. He also held the past of president of the Academy of Arts of Argentina
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# Ketogenic amino acid A **ketogenic amino acid** is an amino acid that can be degraded directly into acetyl-CoA, which is the precursor of ketone bodies and myelin, particularly during early childhood, when the developing brain requires high rates of myelin synthesis. This is in contrast to the glucogenic amino acids, which are converted into glucose. Ketogenic amino acids are unable to be converted to glucose as both carbon atoms in the ketone body are ultimately degraded to carbon dioxide in the citric acid cycle. In humans, two amino acids -- leucine and lysine -- are exclusively ketogenic. Five more are amphibolic (both ketogenic and glucogenic): phenylalanine, isoleucine, threonine, tryptophan and tyrosine. The remaining thirteen are exclusively glucogenic. ## Studies Ketogenic amino acids serve important roles in the human body, leading to the study of ketogenic amino acid rich (KAAR) diets as possible treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diabetes. Dietary studies of fatty liver disease in mice show that decreasing the intake of ketogenic amino acids lysine and threonine may induce hepatic steatosis, a major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Leucine in particular has been shown to serve an important role in the metabolic pathway for insulin via activation of the rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) for which over-activation leads to insulin resistance. Further studies illustrate that ketogenic amino acid rich diets may aid in decreasing obesity and insulin resistance, but their usage remains disputed. Ketone bodies, specifically β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) whose levels are increased while on a ketogenic diet, aid in the renewal of myelin for demyelinated axons. This renewal of myelin is important for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a condition which the immune system will attack the myelin sheath that insulates the nerves. Ketogenic diets are being explored as a possible remedy for this condition as the ketone bodies aid in the regeneration of myelin. Ketogenic diets are shown to alleviate diffuse axonal injury (DAI). This was tested using rats being fed a standard diet in comparison to rats being fed a ketogenic diet post DAI. Rats that were fed a standard diet showed a progressive degradation of myelin, on day 14 post DAI it was evident that myelin sheaths have collapsed, dissolved or disappeared from the injured axons. For the axons with remaining myelin, the myelin was becoming thinner. Rats that were served ketogenic diets presented axons with thicker myelin in comparison to the standard diet rats. The marker that was used to determine axonal injury in this study was amyloid precursor protein (APP). Rats that were fed a standard diet and an uptake of APP, leading to an increase in damaged/injured axons
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# Caribbean music in Canada **Caribbean music in Canada** has existed since the early 1920s, becoming increasingly prominent after the 1960s as Caribbean immigration to Canada increased. Anglo-Caribbean genres such as reggae, soca and calypso are especially prominent in English Canada, while French Caribbean genres such as cadence-lypso, zouk and konpa are more prominent in Quebec. Caribbean music has also been incorporated as an influence by numerous Canadian pop, rock and hip hop artists. Recent changes in Canada\'s immigration laws have seen several prominent musicians from the Commonwealth Caribbean, like David Rudder and Anslem Douglas, resettle in Canada and help to develop the Caribbean music industry based there. The role of music in the Caribbean Canadian community is reinforced by cultural festivals such as Toronto\'s Caribana and Edmonton's Cariwest. ## 1960s and 1970s {#s_and_1970s} Beginning in the mid-1960s, a wave of Caribbean musicians, especially but not exclusively from Jamaica, began to move to Toronto. Some of these, such as Jay Douglas, Jo Jo Bennett and Jackie Mittoo, pioneered the development of a reggae scene in the city, while others, such as Wayne McGhie, performed rhythm and blues, soul and funk in accordance with the dominant Toronto sound of the era. ## 1980s Caribbean music began to actively break through into the Canadian cultural mainstream in the 1980s when Parachute Club, a band who incorporated reggae and soca rhythms into a mainstream new wave dance-pop style, broke through to mass popularity with their 1983 hit single \"Rise Up\". Their success in turn paved the way for reggae and dub poetry artists such as Leroy Sibbles, Lillian Allen, Messenjah, Clifton Joseph and Sattalites to break through to larger audiences; the Juno Awards, Canada\'s primary music award, introduced an award for Reggae Recording of the Year in 1985. Parachute Club percussionist Billy Bryans, whose interest in Caribbean music had been influential in the introduction of reggae and soca elements into the band\'s sound, also went on to become Canada\'s first prominent and influential promoter and producer of homegrown Caribbean and Latin American music, producing albums for and managing numerous artists and acting, according to Brazilian Canadian singer-songwriter Aline Morales, as \"a bridge between world music and the Canadian music scene\". ## 1990s {#s_1} Noted developments in Caribbean music in the 1990s included Jane Bunnett\'s early explorations of Afro-Cuban jazz, Snow\'s worldwide 1993 hit single \"Informer\", the incorporation of reggae and dub influences by blues-rock band Big Sugar, the reggae rock band Raggadeath, and the 1998 hit single \"Who Let the Dogs Out?\", written by Trinidadian-Canadian musician Anslem Douglas. With the Black Canadian community dominated by people of Caribbean heritage, Caribbean music also emerged as a major influence on the development of Canadian hip hop in this era --- most notably on influential albums such as Dream Warriors\' *And Now the Legacy Begins* and Michie Mee\'s *Jamaican Funk---Canadian Style*, which extensively incorporated reggae and other Caribbean styles. Ron Nelson has played an important role in promoting reggae in Canada through his *ReggaeMania* radio show, which ran on CKLN-FM from 1993 to 2011, an early and important platform for promoting Reggae music in the Toronto area for almost two decades and continues as ReggaeMania.com, an online radio station and hub, as well as his work as a music promoter and concert organizer in Toronto. ## 2000s {#s_2} Stations like Flow FM, CHIN-FM, G98.7 and, until 2011, CKLN-FM, located in Toronto, Ontario have served to bind the Caribbean music industry with their regularly rotated scheduling for soca and calypso music. The Canadian Urban Music Awards have also begun to award various award titles in the soca and reggae genres. In 2007, Anslem Douglas who originally wrote the song \"Who Let the Dogs Out?\", re-entered the Caribbean music scene after a four-year hiatus. Douglas recorded several of his 2007 Carnival songs from Canada. Noted artists in the genre to emerge in this era included South Rakkas Crew and Kobo Town, both of whom have had albums nominated for the Polaris Music Prize, and Alex Cuba, a Cuban-born guitarist who has had success both as a solo artist and as a collaborator with pop singer Nelly Furtado. Singer-songwriter Danny Michel also received critical and commercial acclaim for his 2012 album *Black Birds Are Dancing Over Me*, recorded in Belize with a group of musicians credited as the Garifuna Collective
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# Accademia Cosentina The **Accademia Cosentina** (\"Cosentian Academy\" or \"Telesian Academy\" in English) is still an Italian *accademia* or learned society in Cosenza, Italy. It was founded in 1511--12 by Aulo Giano Parrasio`{{r|seta|page=20}}`{=mediawiki} and has a long and complex history, with several changes of name. ## History The society was founded in Cosenza by Giovan Paolo Parisio (\"Aulo Giano Parrasio\") in late 1511 or early 1512, and was initially known as the \"Accademia Parrasiana\".`{{r|seta|page=20}}`{=mediawiki} As in other *accademie* of the time, the principal studies were of literature and philology. Following the death of Parrasio, which may have been in 1522`{{r|trecc}}`{=mediawiki} or in 1534,`{{r|seta|page=93}}`{=mediawiki} the academy came under the control of Bernardino Telesio, who gave it a more scientific and practical direction;`{{r|seta|page=62}}`{=mediawiki} it was known as the \"Accademia Telesiana\". In 1544 it was suppressed by the authorities. Not long before Telesio died in 1588, the society came under the direction of `{{interlanguage link|Sertorio Quattromani|it}}`{=mediawiki} and was renamed the \"Accademia Cosentina\". It is not clear whether it had been active from the closure of 1544 to this time. The accademia was again closed down in about 1593. In 1608 Giovanni Battista Costanzo, the archbishop of Cosenza, re-opened the society as the Accademia dei Costanti, with a larger number of members from the church. It may have become inactive again after his death in 1617. Another archbishop, Giuseppe Sanfelice, founded the Accademia dei Negligenti in about 1649; it remained active until his death in 1660. The Accademia dei Costanti was revived by `{{interlanguage link|Pirro Schettini|it}}`{=mediawiki} from 1668 until 1678, when he died. It was restarted under the name Accademia dei Pescatori Cratilidi by Gaetano Greco in 1756,`{{r|seta|page=177}}`{=mediawiki} but again became inactive in 1794. In 1811 the society was again revived, through the efforts of `{{interlanguage link|Matteo Angelo Galdi|it}}`{=mediawiki}; it was called the Istituto Cosentina until 1817, when royal permission was obtained to change the name to Accademia Cosentina. On 11 June 1871 the Accademia Cosentina founded the Biblioteca Civica, the public library of Cosenza, which remained inactive until it was officially inaugurated on 4 March 1898. In March 2012 the academy announced that it might have to cease all activity because of a total lack of funds; it had received €2000 in ministerial funding in 2008.`{{r|quot}}`{=mediawiki} The Accademia Cosentina continues to operate, despite economic difficulties due to the lack of public subsidies, and continues its cultural promotion work, with monthly events and conferences on literary, humanistic and scientific subjects
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# Empire Earth (mobile game) ***Empire Earth*** is a turn-based strategy video game for the cell phone, based on the original *Empire Earth*. *Empire Earth* was written in Java form, and was developed by WonderPhone instead of Stainless Steel Studios (the makers of *Empire Earth*). It was released on October 14, 2005 by mobile games distributor WonderPhone. ## Gameplay *Empire Earth* is turn-based strategy game. The game covers four epochs; Stone Age, Middle Ages, Modern Age and Nano Age. The game separates itself from the other *Empire Earth* games with the absence of citizens. Instead, certain symbols lie on the map which can be conquered by a soldier unit. When they are, a new building can be created. However, only a certain number of symbols exist on the map, so each side competes for control of them. *Empire Earth* gives the player control of four types of units, each that varies and changes in different epochs. The standard soldier, which can be useful for building new structures, ranged units, heavy support units, and aerial units. The latter of the four is only available in later epochs. *Empire Earth* has three game modes: adventure, skirmish and multiplayer. Adventure mode takes the player though eight campaign levels, totaling 2,000 years of human history. It begins in the Prehistory and finishes in the Nano Age, similar to other games in the franchise. Skirmish is a free-for-all solo battle, with multiplayer mode introducing the possibility of two player combat. ## Development *Empire Earth*, upon release, was the seventh Vivendi title to be ported and the one of three that year based on major franchises. ## Reception *Empire Earth* was well received. IGN gave it a 7.4 out of 10, and commented \"*Empire Earth Mobile* is a slower paced mobile game that\'s not exactly suited for quick pick-up-and-play sessions.\" but \"If you are looking for a mobile game, though, that is decidedly meatier than, say, solitaire or *Tetris*, *Empire Earth Mobile* does offer some solid play.\" Mobile gamer said \"In short, *Empire Earth* is an interesting new take on strategy\" and \"it\'s not difficult to recommend
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# Arthur Gelb **Arthur Gelb** (February 3, 1924 -- May 20, 2014) was an American editor, author and executive and was the managing editor of *The New York Times* from 1986 to 1989. ## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education} Gelb was born to two Jewish immigrants from what was then Czechoslovakia and now Ukraine, in the back of his parents dress shop in East Harlem. His family later moved to the Bronx where he attended DeWitt Clinton High School. He attempted to join the military during World War II but was rejected due to having poor vision. Gelb attended City College of New York but dropped out during his junior year in 1944. In 1946, Gelb graduated from New York University. ## Career Gelb began working the night shift at *The Times* as a copy boy in 1944. He ascended through the ranks, holding several titles in many different departments. His biggest impacts were while working in the drama department. He enjoyed the plays of Eugene O\'Neill so much that he wrote a biography of the playwright (*O\'Neill: Life with Monte Cristo*, 1974, `{{ISBN|9780060114879}}`{=mediawiki}) with his wife Barbara. He supported the creation of the New York Shakespeare Festival by editorializing Joseph Papp\'s productions. He edited a number of works such as *Great Lives of the Twentieth Century* (`{{ISBN|978-0812916256}}`{=mediawiki}). Gelb retired from *The Times* in 1989 as managing editor. *City Room* (`{{ISBN|9780399150753}}`{=mediawiki}), a memoir of his life and career at The Times, was published in 2003. After retiring from *The Times*, Gelb became president of The New York Times Company Foundation, which operated until 2009, and director of The New York Times College Scholarship Program. Gelb received an honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from the City College of New York in 1997. ## Personal life {#personal_life} Gelb and his family lived in New York City. Arthur and Barbara Gelb were the parents of Peter Gelb, general manager of the Metropolitan Opera in New York City. ## Death Gelb died on May 20, 2014, at his home in Manhattan, New York, of complications of a stroke. He was 90
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# Katherine Creag **Katherine Creag Gafner** (December 26, 1973 -- February 10, 2021) was a Filipino-American television journalist. She worked for WNBC for a decade prior to her death. Before that, she worked for NY1, WTVH, and WNYW. She won several awards for her journalism. ## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education} Creag was born in Manila, Philippines on December 26, 1973, to Valentino and Cecilia Creag. The family eventually moved to Warsaw, Indiana, and she went to high school in Chicago. She attended New York University for her undergraduate degree in journalism, and graduated in 1996. ## Career Creag started her news career at the NY1 channel in New York City. There, she reported on the 7th on Sixth fashion shows, TWA Flight 800, and the trials stemming from the Crown Heights riot. She later recounted that the most memorable interview she conducted during her tenure there was with John F. Kennedy Jr. She went on to work for WTVH (CBS 5) in Syracuse, New York, from 1998 until 2000. After leaving CBS, Creag was employed by WSOC-TV in Charlotte, North Carolina, as well as KDFW (Fox 4) in Dallas. She worked for WNYW (Fox 5 New York) starting in March 2005. She reported for the channel\'s *Good Day New York* and *Fox 5 Midday* newscasts. Beginning in 2011, Creag became a news reporter for WNBC television in New York City. She reported primarily for *Today in New York*, the channel\'s morning news show that aired from 4:30 a.m. to 7:00 a.m., and again at 11:00 a.m. She also worked on the Saturday and Sunday programs *Weekend Today in New York* and *News 4 New York* at 6:00 p.m. and 11:00 p.m. ### Awards Throughout her career, Creag received several awards -- both shared and outright -- for her individual reporting and as part of a news team. These included an Emmy Award, Edward R. Murrow Award, and an Associated Press award. ## Personal life {#personal_life} Creag married Bill Gafner on September 2, 2006, at the Church of St. Ignatius Loyola in Manhattan. The couple had two daughters and one son. ## Death Creag died on the night of February 10, 2021. She was 47, and was not ill prior to her death. Creag\'s cause of death was announced as a result of a sudden cardiopulmonary incident
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# Montgomery Place, Saskatoon **Montgomery Place** is a post-World War II community erected for veterans outside Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, that consists primarily of residential homes. It was amalgamated within the city of Saskatoon in 1956, and is now a National Historic Site. Montgomery Place has an average household size of 3.2 persons, and homeownership is at 93.7%. According to MLS data, the average sale price of a home as of 2013 was \$403,840. It was named in honour of Field Marshal The 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, the famous Ulster Scots commander in the British Army during the Second World War. ## History Plans for a community on the current site of Montgomery Place date back to the May 1912 \"Saskatoon and Environs Map\" published by Commercial Map and Blue Printing, which sketched out proposed neighbourhoods far beyond the then-current boundaries of the young city. What is today\'s Montgomery Place carried the name River Heights then (a name given to another city neighbourhood decades later). Most of this neighbourhood was built after World War II as a part of the Veterans\' Land Act settlement plan; at the time, the land was still located outside Saskatoon\'s city limits. Ten years later in 1955 it became a neighbourhood of Saskatoon The area was designated a National Historic Site on July 4, 2016. It was named after Field Marshal Lord Montgomery - \'Monty\' - and most street names honour notable people and places associated with the war. ### Future expansion {#future_expansion} The neighbourhood was considered to have reached full build-out in the early 1980s, however in the years since some additions have occurred. Current (2013) development plans for the region call for an expansion of Montgomery Place to the west of Chappell Drive, with additional residential development (previously, the area had been earmarked for a light industrial district). Beginning in 2012, construction of residential development north of 11th Street and south of the 11th Street Bypass (constructed as part of the South Circle Drive project) began, which has added the first apartment-style multi-family developments to the community. No time frame has been presented on the western expansion. With the completion of Circle Drive, there is also potential future development land available on the west side of Dundonald Avenue, which as of 2013 no longer connects to Valley Road or the City Landfill and has a number of lots that were left vacant for decades due to uncertainty over the eventual outcome of the Circle Drive alignment. A new law has been put into place in this community that you can no longer sub-divide lots. The community wants to keep large spacious yards a tradition for many years to come. ## Layout 11th Street and the new 11th Street Bypass are the northernmost roads in Montgomery Place. Chappell Drive is the furthest west road at present, whereas Dundonald Avenue and the southwest extension of Circle Drive lie to the east (Dundonald formerly linked south to Valley Road and Spadina Crescent, but is now closed at Mountbatten Street). The southern boundary of the community\'s residential development is denoted by Burma Road, a private (non-City of Saskatoon) roadway servicing the CN Rail yards on the south side of Montgomery Place. The neighbourhood is a conglomeration of streets and avenues in near grid fashion combined with crescents. The neighbourhood naming practices honour the history and theaters of World War II. The city\'s main rail yard and passenger station is located on the south side of Montgomery Place, and the northern side of the community is in the shadow of the Viterra Grain Terminal (formerly known as Canadian Government Elevators and later AgPro), one of the city\'s iconic landmarks. ## Streets The following streets are located in this area: 11th Street West/11th Street Bypass, Caen Street, Arnhem Street, Normandy Street, Ortona Street, Merritt Street, Dieppe Street, Mountbatten Street, Currie Avenue, McNaughton Avenue, Elevator Road, Rockingham Avenue, Haida Avenue, Simonds Avenue, Cassino Avenue & Place, Crerar Drive, Crescent Boulevard, Lancaster Boulevard & Crescent, Bader Crescent, Dundonald Avenue, Chappell Drive, Burma Road. Burma Road, a private roadway, runs east-to-west between the residential development of Montgomery Place and the rail yards to the south. The road did not appear on official city maps prior to 2012, but was recognized by Google Maps, and unofficial street signs were erected. Beginning in 2013, the City of Saskatoon\'s official street map shows it, even though it is not open for public traffic. As noted above, most streets take their names from locations and individuals connected to the first two world wars. Exceptions include Crescent Boulevard (a generic name) and Elevator Road (named for the large grain terminal it leads to). In the 1960s, Crerar Drive was named Central Drive, but this was changed due to confusion over the similarly named Central Avenue in Sutherland. A notable aspect of many older roadways within Montgomery Place is the lack of sidewalks. Several older streets within the community also were left unpaved for many years due to a stated desire by residents of the day to keep property taxes low.
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# Montgomery Place, Saskatoon ## Government and politics {#government_and_politics} Montgomery Place exists within the federal electoral district of Saskatoon West. It is currently represented by Sheri Benson of the New Democratic Party, first elected in 2015. Provincially, the area is within the constituency of Saskatoon Riversdale. It is currently represented by Danielle Chartier of the Saskatchewan New Democratic Party, first elected in 2009. In Saskatoon\'s non-partisan municipal politics, Montgomery Place lies within ward 2. It is currently represented by Hilary Gough, first elected in 2016. ## Education - Montgomery School - public elementary, part of the Saskatoon Public School Division - St. Dominic School - separate (Catholic) elementary, part of Greater Saskatoon Catholic Schools ## Commercial area {#commercial_area} The Confederation Urban Centre is the closest large retail center and contains 400 operating businesses which is 8% of Saskatoon\'s retail sector. The Blairmore Urban Centre is under development. Montgomery residents can directly access the former via Circle Drive and the latter via 11th Street and the realigned Highway 7. ## Community events {#community_events} The annual Montgomery Garage Sale occurs on the first Saturday in May. By all measures, this is the largest community garage sale in Saskatoon. Many community groups use the event as an opportunity to host fundraising barbecues and bake sales. Traffic within the neighbourhood is often abnormally congested during this event. In addition, Montgomery Place hosts its very own Remembrance Day ceremony each year in Montgomery Park. Given its unique history as a veteran\'s neighbourhood (as reflected by many of the street names), there is always overwhelming community support for the service. ## Area parks {#area_parks} - Gougeon Park 2.26 acre - Lt. Col. Drayton Walker Park 1.93 acre - Lt. Gen. G.G. Simonds Park 2.76 acre - Montgomery Park 8.32 acre ## Other recreation {#other_recreation} - The CN Curling Club is located on Chappell Drive on the west side of the community. ## Transportation ### City transit {#city_transit} Saskatoon Transit serves the neighbourhood with regular bus service. Route 22: Montgomery ### Rail Via Rail\'s Saskatoon passenger station is located off the southwest corner of the community, having been relocated there from downtown Saskatoon in the 1960s
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# A. J. Graves **A. J. Graves** (born August 15, 1985) is an American basketball player who played college basketball with the Butler University Bulldogs. He played one year professionally with PBG Basket Poznań in the Polish Basketball League. ## College statistics {#college_statistics} \|- \| style=\"text-align:left;\"\| 2004--05 \| style=\"text-align:left;\"\| Butler \| 28 \|\| 23 \|\| 31.6 \|\| .414 \|\| .341 \|\| .919 \|\| 2.2 \|\| 2.8 \|\| 1.3 \|\| 0.1 \|\| 11.1 \|- \| style=\"text-align:left;\"\| 2005--06 \| style=\"text-align:left;\"\| Butler \| 33 \|\| 33 \|\| 32.4 \|\| .402 \|\| .374 \|\| .819 \|\| 2.3 \|\| 2.4 \|\| 1.3 \|\| 0.0 \|\| 13.4 \|- \| style=\"text-align:left;\"\| 2006--07 \| style=\"text-align:left;\"\| Butler \| 35 \|\| 34 \|\| 35.6 \|\| .375 \|\| .354 \|\| .948 \|\| 2.3 \|\| 2.4 \|\| 1.5 \|\| 0.1 \|\| 16.9 \|- \| style=\"text-align:left;\"\| 2007--08 \| style=\"text-align:left;\"\| Butler \| 34 \|\| 34 \|\| 35.2 \|\| .375 \|\| .338 \|\| .889 \|\| 2.9 \|\| 2.2 \|\| 1.6 \|\| 0.1 \|\| 13.6 \|- class=\"sortbottom\" \| style=\"text-align:center;\" colspan=\"2\"\| Career \| 130 \|\| 124 \|\| 33.8 \|\| .432 \|\| .351 \|\| .900 \|\| 2.4 \|\| 2.4 \|\| 1.4 \|\| 0.1 \|\| 13
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# WJGO **WJGO** (102.9 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Tice, Florida, and serving Southwest Florida including Cape Coral and Fort Myers. It is owned by Renda Media and it airs an adult hits radio format, branded as \"Bob FM\". It uses the slogan \"We Play Anything.\" WJGO is a Class C1 station. It has an effective radiated power of 96,000 watts. (100,000 is the maximum for most stations.) The transmitter tower is off Safety Lane in Fort Myers. The studios and offices are on Race Track Road in Bonita Springs. ## History The station signed on the air in `{{Start date and age|1999}}`{=mediawiki}. It originally broadcast on 102.9 FM after radio station WSGL in Naples moved from 103.1 to 104.7. WJGO debuted airing the Jones Radio Networks\' Rhythmic Oldies format. Jones abandoned that format in 2001, and WJGO began programming in-house a Rhythmic Oldies format known as \"Groovin\' Oldies 102.9.\" On March 16, 2007, the station changed to its current adult hits format as \"Bob FM\"
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# International Institute of Minnesota The **International Institute of Minnesota** is a social service agency affiliated with United Way Worldwide and the U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants. The institute was founded on December 12, 1919 as a branch of the YWCA (Young Women\'s Christian Association) of Saint Paul, Minnesota to help immigrants arriving after World War I. The institute supports immigrants and their families through job placement, citizenship classes, English language classes and refugee resettlement. The institute also offers legal and humanitarian services. In 1931, Alice Sickels became the institute\'s first executive director and a year later the IIMN hosted its first Festival of Nations. In 1938, the institute became an independent agency. Between that year and 1979, it resettled more than 24,000 refugees from around the world. From 1974 to 2020, the IIMN resettled more than 25,000 refugees. During the 2019 Festival of Nations the IIMN had presented a demonstration stage, a showcase of dance and music from around the world. Nearly 100 different ethnic groups participate in the annual event
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# Michael Ibru **Michael Onajirevbe Ibru** (25 December 1930 -- 6 September 2016) was a Nigerian industrialist, founder of the Ibru Organization and patriarch of the Ibru family. ## Early life and career {#early_life_and_career} Ibru was born to the family of Janet Ibru and Peter Ibru, a missionary worker who also worked at the Igbobi Orthopedic Hospital, Lagos. His family included a number of well-known merchants. Amongst them was Chief Osadjere of Olomu, a 19th century millionaire who built the first story building in Urhobo land in 1914; he was Michael Ibru's maternal grandfather. His son, Ovedje, expanded his father's commerce during the beginning decades of British colonial rule in Urhobo land in the 20th century. Ovedje Osadjere was a warrant chief in colonial-era Nigeria and reigned as Ohworode (King) R\' Olomu (1924--1949). Michael Ibru grew up under Ovedje\'s influence. Michael Ibru attended Igbobi College and acquired a school certificate in 1951. In 1951, after secondary school, Michael joined the United African Company as a management trainee. In 1956, a few years after joining U.A.C he resigned from the company and started a partnership, which he called Laibru. The corporate entity was in partnership with an English expatriate, Jimmy Large. Starting in 1957, Ibru was a pioneer in distributing frozen fish in Nigeria. In 1963, chief Ibru chartered his first fishing vessel from Taiyo Gyogo of Japan, and two years later, in partnership with a Japanese conglomerate, he founded the Osadjere fishing company, one of the largest fishing companies in the world. With Mr. Gyogo holding 30 percent of the equity and providing management for deep-sea Fishing trawler and shrimpers, the company began operation with three long-distance freezer trawlers. Ibru began exporting tiger prawns and shrimps while simultaneously importing frozen fish from Russia and Holland. By the end of the 1960s, Ibru had branched out into other areas of the economy. In 1969, Ibru founded Rutam Motors, a transportation arm of his business that dealt in the marketing and distribution of Mazda, Saviem, Tata, and Jeep brands of automobiles. Later, the federal government appointed Rutam the major distributor of Peugeot vehicles in Nigeria. In 1965, Ibru established Aden Farm, a large palm oil plantation that also included citrus and pineapple, on 800 hectares of land in the old Bendel State. He later acquired Mitchell Farm in 1973 from its American owners, Alizar, who had established it a decade earlier. The farm grew to become the largest supplier of day-old chicks and processed poultry in West Africa. In 1974, another business enterprise, Nigeria Hardwoods Company Ltd, a logging, sawmilling, and wood processing company, was acquired. The company, owned by the Lathem Group, UK, was originally established in 1919 and exported logs of hard wood. Over the years, the Ibru Organization has expanded into other areas such as shipping, hospitality, banking, real estate, publishing, insurance, aviation ,oil and gas, amongst others. In 1981, the Ibru organization\'s turnover was estimated at around N250m (\$400m). ## Family Ibru had five wives and seventeen children, including Oskar Ibru, who heads the Ibru Port complex, and Elvina Ibru, actress and on air personality. ## Death Ibru died at a medical facility in the United States on 6 September 2016. Ibru was posthumously honored with a blue heritage plaque by the Nubian Jak Community Trust and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea at his Kensington Palace Gardens home where he lived for 33 years
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# Christian Patterson **Christian Patterson** (born 1972) is an American photographer known for his books and exhibitions *Sound Affects*, *Redheaded Peckerwood*, *Bottom of the Lake*, and *Gong Co.* *Redheaded Peckerwood* was awarded the Rencontres d\'Arles Author Book Award in 2012, a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2013, and the Vevey International Photography Award in 2015. ## Early life {#early_life} Patterson was born in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, USA. ## Biography Patterson is a self-taught photographer. In 2002, he moved from Brooklyn, New York to Memphis, Tennessee to work with the photographer William Eggleston. From 2002 to 2005, Patterson lived in Memphis. In 2005, he completed his first project, *Sound Affects,* a collection of color photographs that explore Memphis as a visual and musical place, and use light and color as visual analogues to sound and music. In 2008, a *Sound Affects* book was published by Edition Kaune, Sudendorf. In 2003, while driving from Memphis to New Orleans on Highway 61, Patterson discovered a Chinese-American grocery store in Merigold, Mississippi. The place would become the inspiration for a 20-year project, *Gong Co.* In 2005, Patterson began working on his second project, *Redheaded Peckerwood*, which is inspired by the late 1950s killing spree of Charles Starkweather and Caril Ann Fugate across Nebraska. Photographs are the heart of this work, but they are complemented and informed by archival documents, hand-painted signs, shotgun-blasted paper boards, and readymade objects. Some of the documents and objects belonged to the killers and their victims, and were found in newspaper and governmental archives or found by Patterson when interviewing local residents or visiting former crime scenes. Later that same year, Patterson moved back to New York. From 2005 to 2011, he visited Nebraska five times, traveling the 500-mile path of the story. In 2011, *Redheaded Peckerwood* was published by Mack, named one of the best photography books of the year by many critics, nominated for the 2012 Kraszna-Krausz Book Awards, and won the 2012 Recontres d\'Arles Author Book Award. It is also featured in *The Photobook: A History, Vol. 3*, edited by Gerry Badger and Martin Parr. In 2015, *Bottom of the Lake* was published by Koenig Books*.* The project revisits Patterson\'s hometown of Fond du Lac, Wisconsin (French for \"Bottom of the Lake\") and takes the form of a facsimile of his family\'s copy of the 1973 Fond du Lac Telephone Directory. Patterson added his own photographs, drawings, and marginalia to the book. Like *Redheaded Peckerwood*, this new work mixes large-format landscapes, appropriated and manipulated archival images, and studio still lifes. As an installation and exhibition, the work includes an interactive rotary telephone object and wooden sculpture. In 2024, *Gong Co.* was copublished by TBW Books and Éditions Images Vevey. The work takes its inspiration from a Chinese-American grocery store in the Mississippi Delta whose shelves remained stocked with decades-old products. ## Publications ### Publications by Patterson {#publications_by_patterson} - *Sound Affects.* Cologne: Edition Kaune, Sudendorf, 2008. `{{ISBN|9783000245145}}`{=mediawiki}. - *Redheaded Peckerwood.* - Self-published, 2010. - Mack version. Essays by Lucy Sante and Karen Irvine. Includes three inserts, an illustrated booklet and (in the third edition) a facsimile postcard. - London: Mack, 2011. `{{ISBN|978-1-907946-14-1}}`{=mediawiki}. - 2nd edition. London: Mack, 2012. `{{ISBN|978-1-907946-14-1}}`{=mediawiki}. - 3rd edition. London: Mack, 2013. `{{ISBN|978-1-907946-14-1}}`{=mediawiki}. - *Bottom of the Lake.* - Oakland, CA: TBW Books, 2013. `{{OCLC|861514425}}`{=mediawiki}. Subscription Series #4, Book #1. Edition of 1500. Patterson, Alessandra Sanguinetti, Raymond Meeks and Wolfgang Tillmans each had one book in a set of four. - Berlin: Koenig, 2015. `{{ISBN|978-3863357702}}`{=mediawiki}. - *Gong Co.*. TBW Books / Éditions Images Vevey, 2024. `{{ISBN|978-1-942953-67-8}}`{=mediawiki}. ### Publications with others {#publications_with_others} - *Lost Home.* Tokyo: Super Labo, 2013. `{{ISBN|978-4-905052-57-9}}`{=mediawiki}. A slipcase containing a 24-page soft-bound book each by Harvey Benge, JH Engström, Roe Ethridge, Takashi Homma, Ron Jude, Daidō Moriyama, Christian Patterson, Slavica Perkovic, Bertien van Manen, Terri Weifenbach, and a 32-page prose poem by Nobuyuki Ishiki. Japanese and English text. Edition of 1000 copies, 200 with a white cover and 800 with green. - *AP CP BL -- Ahorn Paper 1, Christian Patterson, Bottom of the Lake.* Berlin: Ahorn Books, 2016. `{{ISBN|978-3-946707-00-4}}`{=mediawiki}. Contains two interviews with Patterson and contributions by Gerry Badger, Thomas Weski, and Lucy Sante. 144 pages. ## Solo exhibitions {#solo_exhibitions} - *Another Time, Another Place, and You*, Southside Gallery, Oxford, MS, 2003 - *Sound Affects*, Power House, Memphis, TN, 2005; Yancey Richardson Gallery, New York, NY, 2006 - *Sound Affects,* Robert Koch Gallery, San Francisco, CA, 2007 - *Sound Affects*, Kaune, Sudendorf Contemporary, Cologne, Germany - *Sound Affects* & *Redheaded Peckerwood*, Robert Morat Galerie, Hamburg, Germany, 2012 - *Redheaded Peckerwood*, Robert Morat, Berlin, Germany, 2012 - *Redheaded Peckerwood*, Rose Gallery, Santa Monica, CA, 2013 - *Redheaded Peckerwood*, Transformer Station, Cleveland, OH, 2014 - *Bottom of the Lake*, Robert Morat Galerie, Berlin, Germany, 2015 - *Gong Co.,* Festival Images, Vevey, Switzerland, 2016. - *Gong Co*., Robert Morat Galerie, Berlin, Germany, 2025
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# Christian Patterson ## Awards - 2012: Rencontres d\'Arles Author Book Award for *Redheaded Peckerwood* - 2013: Guggenheim Fellowship - 2015: 2015--2016 Vevey International Photography Award, Vevey, Switzerland
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# Madame Favart `{{italic title}}`{=mediawiki} ***Madame Favart*** (`{{IPA|fr|madam favaʁ}}`{=mediawiki}) is an opéra comique, or operetta, in three acts by Jacques Offenbach. The French libretto was written by Alfred Duru and Henri Chivot. ## Performance history {#performance_history} After defeat in the Franco-Prussian War (1870) ended Napoleon III\'s reign, Offenbach\'s popularity declined in Paris, and he toured Britain and the United States. He continued producing new operettas in Paris, but most of the decade would pass before he enjoyed another hit. *Madame Favart* was first staged at the Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques in Paris on 28 December 1878, starring Juliette Simon-Girard in the title role and Simon-Max as Hector de Boispréau; it played for 208 performances. A new production was mounted at the Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens on 4 March 1884, then at the Théâtre des Menus-Plaisirs in 1888 with Anna Judic in the title role. Other productions in Paris include 1911 at the Théâtre Apollo and at the same theatre in 1913. It was mounted in a version by Julius Hopp at the Theater an der Wien with Marie Geistinger on 7 February 1879, and later the same year in Leipzig and Berlin. The work was very popular in the 19th century, not only in France. It was revived, as a co-production between the Paris Opéra Comique, the Opéra de Limoges and the Théâtre de Caen in a setting by Anne Kessler in June 2019 at the Salle Favart in Paris, with Marion Lebègue in the title rôle and Anne-Catherine Gillet as Suzanne ; Laurent Campellone conducted. ## English adaptation {#english_adaptation} An English version, adapted by H. B. Farnie, opened at the Strand Theatre in London on 12 April 1879 starring Florence St. John in the title role, Claude Marius (1850--1896) as Favart, and Walter H. Fisher, then Henry Bracy as Hector. The production famously ran for 502 performances, remarkably successful for the time, although it marked the last high point of the conquest of London by the French composer, whose place, already challenged by Lecocq and Planquette in the British capital, was soon taken by Gilbert and Sullivan. ## Roles +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+ | Role | Voice type | Premiere cast, December 28, 1878,\ | | | | (Conductor: Jacques Offenbach) | +================================================================================================================================+============+====================================+ | Madame Favart, *an actress* | soprano | Juliette Simon-Girard | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+ | Charles-Simon Favart, *her husband, a playwright* | baritone | Lepers | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+ | Hector de Boispréau | tenor | Simon-Max | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+ | Major Cotignac | bass | François-Louis Luco | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+ | Suzanne, *his daughter* | soprano | Marie Gélabert | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+ | Marquis de Pontsablé | tenor | Édouard Maugé | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+ | Biscotin, *an innkeeper* | bass | Jean-Baptiste Octave | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+ | Sergent Larose | tenor | Jules Speck | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+ | *Travellers, Guests, Officers and Soldiers, Fifes and Cantinières, Cooks, Inn waiters, the cast of \'La Chercheuse d'esprit\'* | | | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+ | | | | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------+
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# Madame Favart ## Synopsis : Place: France : Time: 18th century It is a fantasy plot built around the real-life celebrated French actress Marie Justine Benoîte Duronceray (1727--1775), her playwright-manager husband Charles-Simon Favart (1710--1792) and the actress-admiring general Maurice de Saxe (1696--1750), who also appears in the verismo opera *Adriana Lecouvreur*. At an inn in Arras a coach arrives and the passengers go to their rooms. Among them is Major Cotignac and his daughter Suzanne, who have been followed on horseback by Hector de Boispréault, who wants to marry Suzanne. Cotignac is trying to secure a post for a relative to whom the major will offer his daughter\'s hand once the appointment is confirmed. On discovering that Suzanne and Hector are secretly in love, he agrees that if Hector can obtain the position of police lieutenant, he may marry her. The innkeeper Biscotin is hiding in his cellar the writer Favart, who has fled to escape the Maréchal de Saxe because his wife (the Madame Favart of the title) has refused the Maréchal\'s advances, for which the noble has had her put in a convent. But Justine Favart now arrives at the inn, disguised as a street singer, having escaped the nuns. She is searching for her husband; but is amazed to find an old childhood mate Hector. Soldiers now enter to search the inn for Favart, but she manages to get them merry and sends them off on a false scent. Hector is unable to obtain the police appointment, but Favart, now in disguise and ready to flee with his wife, to elope with Suzanne. Cotignac enters, furious at having been made to wait by the Governor, who had been flirted with by Madame Favart pretending to be Hector\'s wife, thus winning the position for Hector. Hector, Suzanne and the Favarts (in disguise) go off to Douai. By act 2, Hector and Suzanne are wed, and he has begun work in Douai, with the Favarts playing his servants. Pontsablé arrives unannounced and invites himself to stay with the new police lieutenant and his wife; so Madame Favart is obliged to again impersonate Hector\'s wife while her husband interrupts the Governor\'s advances at strategic moments. Madame Favart pretends to faint when the Governor tells her that her knows where Favart is in hiding. At a reception for Hector as the new police lieutenant, the Governor arrives, with Mme. Favart in yet another disguise, this time the Comtesse de Montgriffon, who persuades Pontsablé that the real Madame Favart is on the road to Saint-Omer. Pontsablé dashes off in pursuit, only to return in company with the real Comtesse de Montgriffon who has told him that Madame Favart is disguised as a servant-girl, who is now Suzanne in disguise. He arrests her, believing her to be Madame Favart and sends her to the Camp of Maréchal de Saxe in Fontenoy. The third act takes place in the camp at Fontenoy where Cotignac announces that Parisian star Mme. Favart will perform in *La Chercheuse d\'esprit* by her husband. Suzanne is anxious that if she has to go on stage it will be obvious that she is not the actress. Now Hector and Justine arrive at the camp disguised as a pair of Tyroleans; she is amazed to see that she is billed to appear before the camp, including the King. She goes to his tent to try to explain her situation, but the monarch believes that she is just acting. Just as Pontsablé is about to wreak vengeance on Suzanne and Hector, Madame Favart pulls a note from a bouquet given by the King announcing the resignation of the Governor. Hector and Suzanne are now free to go and Favart is appointed as the manager of the Opéra-Comique. ## List of musical numbers {#list_of_musical_numbers} **Act 1** - Overture - Trio and couplets (Suzanne, Hector, Favart) - Couplets, \"Dans une cave obscure\" (Favart) - Chorus and scena (Mme Favart) - Couplets (Mme Favart) - Couplets, \"Ma mere aux vignes m\'envoyit\" (Mme Favart) - Escape trio (Favart, Hector, Suzanne) - Finale (Couplets and stretta) **Act 2** - Entracte - Romance, \"Suzanne est aujourd\'hui ma femme\" (Hector) - Chanson de l\'échaudé, \"Quand du four on le retire\" (Favart) - Couplets (Pontsablé) - Quartet (Suzanne, Hector, Mme Favart, Favart) - Minuet and rondo, \"Je passe sur mon enfance\" (Mme Favart) - Finale **Act 3** - Entracte - Romance, \"Quand il cherche dans sa cervelle\" (Favart) - Chorus and Tyrolienne (Mme Favart, Hector) - Couplets (Suzanne, Hector) - Air (Mme Favart) - Chorus and duet (Mme Favart, Favart)
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# Madame Favart ## Recordings - [Recordings listed on operadis-opera-discography.org.uk](http://www.operadis-opera-discography.org.uk/CLOFMADA
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# Mike Hanks **Mike Hanks** is an American college basketball coach. He was head coach for Saint Leo University, Manchester Giants, University of South Alabama and Samford University. He also served as an assistant under Bob Knight at Indiana University. ## Coaching career {#coaching_career} ### Indiana University {#indiana_university} Hanks served as a graduate assistant basketball coach for Indiana University from 1975 to 1976. Indiana was coached by the Hall of Fame coach, Bob Knight. Indiana won the NCAA tournament, compiling an undefeated season. ### University of Mississippi {#university_of_mississippi} Hanks served as an assistant basketball coach for the Ole Miss Rebels and head coach Bob Weltlich from 1976 to 1981. During this time Ole Miss competed in the school\'s first-ever postseason NIT Tournament in school history (1980), first-ever NCAA Tournament (1981) and won the school\'s first-ever and only SEC Tournament Championship (1981). ### Samford Hanks was head coach at Samford from 1981 to 1984. During his tenure as head coach, Samford won 20 games for the first time in school history (1984). Hanks was named as the Trans America Conference Coach of the Year and the Birmingham Tip-Off Club Coach of the Year (1984). He compiled a 46--38 (.548) record. ### USA Select Basketball Team, Head Basketball Coach 1983 {#usa_select_basketball_team_head_basketball_coach_1983} This was a Pre-Olympic (1984) team selected to compete in tournaments in Korea, South Pacific and versus the Pan American Basketball Team in Manhattan, Kansas. The USA Team won championships in both tournaments. ### USA Assistant Basketball Coach IX FIBA World Championships {#usa_assistant_basketball_coach_ix_fiba_world_championships} Silver Medalist, Cali, Colombia, South America ### South Alabama {#south_alabama} From 1984 to 1987, Hanks prowled the sidelines as head coach at South Alabama and garnered a 45--43 (.511) record. In March 1987, Mike Hanks refused to resign as South Alabama\'s basketball coach with two years remaining in his contract and refused other options offered by the school. He was dismissed by Joe Gottfried, the school\'s athletic director. Hanks was in the third year of a five-year contract. In Hanks\'s three seasons at South Alabama his teams finished 15--13, 16--16 and 14--14. ### UAB (University of Alabama at Birmingham) {#uab_university_of_alabama_at_birmingham} Hanks served as an assistant basketball coach (1987--1988) under Hall of Fame coach Gene Bartow ### Florida International University {#florida_international_university} Hanks served as an assistant basketball coach (1989--1990) under head coach Bob Weltlich ### Cocodrilos de Caracas {#cocodrilos_de_caracas} Hanks served as head coach and director of sports for the Crocodiles of Caracas, Venezuela. He compiled a franchise record wins (39--16), league championship and tournament championship (1992). The Cocodrilos were selected to compete in the South American Cup (1993) ### Manchester Giants {#manchester_giants} The owners of the British Basketball League Manchester Giants were putting together a new look team and brought in United States college coach Mike Hanks for the start of the \'94--95 season. Although they only finished fourth and fifth in Coach Hanks\' two seasons, the Giants were play-off runners-up, losing the Wembley Championship Final to Worthing by a narrow 77--73 (1995). The Giants were semi-finalist, Wembley Championship (1996). The Giants were selected for the European Cup in both 1995 and advancing to the second round (1996) ### Saint Leo {#saint_leo} Hanks distinguished himself as the school\'s most successful basketball coach, setting school records for the most wins in a season, highest conference finish and most wins to start a season. For five seasons (1996--2001) Hanks was the head coach at Saint Leo and compiled a 66--70 (.485) record. Hanks tendered his resignation in March 2001. ### US National Team {#us_national_team} On temporary assignment from Samford, Hanks served as an assistant coach to then Texas coach, Bob Weltlich for the US national team in the 1982 FIBA World Championship, winning the silver medal in Cali, Colombia. In 1983 Hanks coached the USA Select Basketball Team to a 12--0 record in Asia
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# Mobile architecture In the past computers needed to be disconnected from their internal network if they needed to be taken or moved anywhere. *Mobile architecture* allows maintaining this connection whilst during transit. Each day the number of mobile devices is increasing, mobile architecture is the pieces of technology needed to create a rich, connected user experience. Currently, there is a lack of uniform interoperability plans and implementation. There is a lack of common industry view on the architectural framework. This increases costs and slows down 3rd party mobile development. An open approach is required across all industries to achieve the same end results and services. ## Important components of a mobile architecture {#important_components_of_a_mobile_architecture} - **Scalability** -- A Architecture must be able to be utilized with all recovery requirements on both large and small scale. - **Secure** -- Encryption is important, transmission protocols must support encryption (SSL) secure transit such as HTTPS - **Reliable** -- Reliability is always important in all technologies and mobile architecture is no different. The basic and detailed architecture of the Mobile device consists of Hardware and Software architecture. The main hardware components of the mobile phone are the application processor that controls all other components of the device such as display, keypad, power, audio, video etc. The radio signals are handled by base band processor which in turn communicates with other processors to use their functionality. Power and audio processor controls the functioning of speaker and microphone with the help of application processor. Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) contains the details about the subscriber. ## Best practices {#best_practices} - Data should be populated for database views - Use version numbers to track updates during synchronization - Maintain only necessary user details in middle ware - The application should recognize when CPU battery is low and adjust background running to low to extend battery power - UI on multiple screens should have common elements ## Future A consortium of companies are pushing for products and services to be based on open, global standards, protocols and interfaces and are not locked to proprietary technologies. The applications layer to be bearer agnostic, for example: - Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), - General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), - Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), - Code-division multiple access (CDMA), - Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). The architecture framework and service enablers will be independent of operating systems. There will be support for inseparability of applications and platforms, seamless geographic and inter-generational roaming
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# Luis Garisto **Luis Garisto Pan** (3 December 1945 -- 21 November 2017) was a Uruguayan football (soccer) coach who had a professional career as both player and head coach. Luis Garisto began his sporting career in 1962, in his native Uruguay, playing for teams such as Racing Club de Montevideo, Defensor Sporting and Sud América. He went to Independiente de Argentina, winning several local titles and, above all, two Libertadores Cups and an Inter-American Cup. He returned to Uruguay, playing for Peñarol, again winning local titles, and finally finished his career in Chile, playing for Cobreloa. In 1974, Garisto punched Australian international Ray Baartz in the throat and jaw during a friendly fixture at the Sydney Cricket Ground, prematurely ending Baartz\'s playing career only months before Australia were to play in their first ever World Cup. As a coach, he managed in Uruguay, Argentina, Mexico and Chile, highlighting his work in several of these clubs, such as saving Banfield from relegation in 2002, and being champion with Cobreloa in the 2003 Clausura. On December 21, 2003, Cobreloa, under the technical direction of Garisto, defeated Colo-Colo at the Monumental Stadium, becoming the only team to have won the championship there. He died on November 21, 2017, at the age of 71
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# Mike Moller **Michael John Moller** (born June 16, 1962) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right wing. He was drafted in the second round, 41st overall, by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1980 NHL Entry Draft. He played in the National Hockey League with the Sabres and Edmonton Oilers. Mike is the brother of Randy Moller. As a player for the 1981--82 Canadian National Junior Team, he scored the gold medal winning goal against the Czech Republic in the final game; his sweater now hangs in the International Hockey Hall of Fame in Toronto. In his NHL career, Moller appeared in 134 games. He scored fifteen goals and added twenty-eight assists
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# Dominique Appia **Dominique Appia** (29 July 1926 -- 8 January 2017) was a Swiss painter based in Geneva. His paintings depict imaginative scenarios of cities, landscapes and interiors where familiar elements are juxtaposed as in a dream: a cathedral becomes a railway station, the Mediterranean gushes up from the Paris Metro, and a room with disappearing children is invaded by different world environments. \"Entre les trous de la memoire\", in English \"Between the Holes in the Memory\", is the best known image by this intriguing and little-known artist. His dreamlike paintings are often mistaken for the work of Salvador Dalí
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# Chief of Staff of the Presidency The **Minister of State Head of the Civilian House of the Presidency of the Republic** (*Ministro de Estado Chefe da Casa Civil da Presidência da República*) is the chief of staff of the Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil, and a member of the president\'s cabinet. The post was established on 1 December 1938. In Brazil, the chief of staff is a member of the president\'s cabinet, with the rank of minister. As of 2009, the office of the chief of staff had an annual budget of US\$3.1 billion. The chief of staff in Brazil holds a crucial role in supporting the president and overseeing various administrative and political matters related to the Presidency. This includes managing cabinet requests, coordinating bureaucratic procedures, and engaging in negotiations with Congress and state governors. Due to the significance of these responsibilities, the chief of staff is often considered the \"second most powerful person in Brazil\" after the president
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# Lice Capades \"**Lice Capades**\" is the third episode of the eleventh season of the American animated television series *South Park*. The 156th episode of the series overall, it first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on March 21, 2007. In the episode, Clyde discovers that he has head lice and tries to hide it from his classmates, knowing they will make fun of him. The episode was written and directed by series co-creator Trey Parker. ## Plot Mrs. Garrison announces to the class that every student must be checked for head lice. During the check, Clyde is informed that he has head lice, much to his horror. The nurse gives him a note and he goes to the doctor, who prescribes Clyde a lice shampoo, but Clyde lies about the situation, knowing the other kids will bully him. Meanwhile, from on top of Clyde\'s head, the lice are living peacefully in a village until one of them, Travis, witnesses the nurse parting Clyde\'s hair and sees her as a gigantic eye. Travis tells the other lice the \"world\" has become aware of them and is angry, that they need to move away, but he is ridiculed. That night, Clyde washes his hair with the shampoo and dries it off with the hair dryer, killing most of the lice. Travis\'s wife Kelly is killed, but Travis, their unborn baby Hope, and a handful of other lice, including the villainous vice president, Greg, survive. The next day in class, Mrs. Garrison tells the children that someone had lice but refuses to reveal who. The kids suspect each other and plot to discover who had the lice to avoid and humiliate them. Cartman devises a test to tell who has head lice (a parody of the blood test in the 1982 horror film *The Thing*), and rigs it to frame Kenny, who flees. Back on Clyde\'s head, while other lice stay behind to find survivors, Travis (carrying Hope), Greg, and another survivor seek a better world at the \"Forbidden Zone\". There, Greg fatally shoots the other survivor and wounds Travis, telling him he will rebuild the village and finally become President. Greg mocks Travis\'s theories of a living world that is conscious and shoots the \"ground\" several times, stating that if the world was indeed alive it would react. In that moment Clyde reaches up to the back of his neck, tossing Greg away and sends him falling to his death. The boys track Kenny down to the park, where they intend to punish him, each carrying a bar of soap in a sock as their weapon. They invite Clyde to come. Before Clyde leaves, filled with guilt, he calls Mrs. Garrison to warn her of Kenny\'s danger. Kenny is caught in the park, stripped to his underwear and given what Cartman calls a \"sock bath\" (i.e. washed with the soap, then dried with the socks). Kyle says he cannot let Kenny take the fall for him, and admits that he had lice. Stan and Cartman admit to the same thing; Mrs. Garrison shows up and tells the boys that *everyone* in the class had head lice, as it spreads quickly. The boys nevertheless proceed with the sock bath for Kenny\'s denial. Travis, near death, sees an apparition of Kelly in the sky flying towards him like an \'angel\' (a soprano in the music score sings \"Pie Jesu\" from Fauré\'s \"Requiem\"). The apparition is a housefly, and Travis, still tightly holding Hope, grabs on to one of its legs before it flies off. The fly lands on another world/body and Travis is welcomed by larger, red-brown-colored lice at a well-established city; he is told they have lived in peace for generations. The shot zooms out from the \'trees\' and reveals the city to be on the pubic area of Angelina Jolie. ## Reception IGN rated this episode 7.5 out of 10: \"*South Park* often parodies the overblown drama found in Hollywood blockbuster movies, and this is \[*sic*\] episode is a disaster parody of sorts\...It seems like the episode had larger ambitions, but becomes bogged down in the parody bit with the lice.\" For the week of March 19 to March 25, 2007, this episode of *South Park* was the 13th-most-watched cable program, with 3.1 million viewers
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# Jahangirpur, Uttar Pradesh **Jahangirpur** is a town in Jewar Tehsil, Gautam Buddha Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 32 km towards the south from district headquarters of Greater Noida. Jahangirpur is surrounded by Tappal towards the South, Palwal towards the west and Dankaur towards the north. Jewar, Sikandrabad and Khurja are some of the nearby cities to Jahangirpur. ## Geography Jahangirpur is mainly connected to other major cities and towns by roads such as GT Road and Yamuna Expressway. There is no railway station within 10 km of Jahangirpur. Khurja Railway Junction (12 km) and Faridabad Railway Station (45 km) are the nearest railway stations to Jahangirpur. ## Demographics According to the 2011 Indian Census, Jahangirpur had a population of 11,006 of which 5,819 were males and 5,187 females. Population within the age group 0 to 6 years was 1,777. The total number of literates in Jahangirpur was 5,906 which constituted to 53.7% of the population. Male literacy made up 61.8% of all literates and female literacy 44.6%. The literacy of age group 7+ in Jahangirpur made up 64% of which male literacy was 74.1% and female literacy 52.8%. The Scheduled Castes population was 1,337. Jahangirpur had 1818 households in 2011
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# Olive Hazlett **Olive Clio Hazlett** (October 27, 1890 -- March 8, 1974) was an American mathematician who spent most of her career working for the University of Illinois. She mainly researched algebra, and wrote seventeen research papers on subjects such as nilpotent algebras, division algebras, modular invariants, and the arithmetic of algebras. ## Background Hazlett was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, but grew up in Boston, Massachusetts, where she attended public school. In 1912 she received her bachelor\'s degree from Radcliffe College. She then attended the University of Chicago for her master\'s degree (1913) and Ph.D. (1915), for which she wrote a thesis titled *On the Classification and Invariantive Characterization of Nilpotent Algebras* with L. E. Dickson as thesis advisor. After receiving her doctoral degree Hazlett was awarded an Alice Freeman Palmer Fellowship by Harvard, which allowed her to research invariants of nilpotent algebras at Wellesley College for the next year. ## Career In 1916 she was appointed to Bryn Mawr College, where she worked for two years before accepting an appointment as assistant professor at Mount Holyoke College. She was promoted to associate professor in 1924, the same year she gave a talk on *The Arithmetic of a General Associative Algebra* at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Toronto, but in 1925 she left Mount Holyoke because she felt she was not given enough time or resources to pursue her research in algebra. It was then that she took a job as assistant professor at the University of Illinois, where she would spend the rest of her career. In 1928 Hazlett received a Guggenheim Fellowship that allowed her to spend a year visiting Italy, Germany, and Switzerland. While in Italy she presented a paper called *Integers as Matrices* to the International Congress of Mathematicians in Bologna. Near the end of her visits she requested an extension of her Guggenheim Fellowship, which was granted and allowed her to spend another year in Europe. When she finally returned to the University of Illinois in 1930, she was promoted to associate professor and received a pay raise. However, her teaching schedule was rigorous and required her to teach service courses to large classes of non-math-majors, and after 1930 she did not publish any more research papers. In 1935 she wrote to the chair of the mathematics department complaining that the service courses left her no time for research, but her teaching schedule was not changed and by December 1936 she took a sick leave after having a mental breakdown from the stress of her job. The sick leave was supposed to end in August 1937, but her health had not improved enough by this time and she took another year off. She was, however, able to return to teaching by the end of 1938. In 1940, she was appointed a member of the American Mathematical Society\'s Cryptanalysis Committee, for which she worked until the end of World War II. She maintained her teaching job for most of this period, though, (except for taking leave in 1944-45) and went to great lengths to keep her Cryptanalysis Committee work secret. Her health, however, continued to deteriorate, and in 1946 the University of Illinois placed her on permanent disability leave. In 1959 she officially retired from the University of Illinois as an Associate Professor Emerita. She lived the rest of her life at her home in Peterborough, New Hampshire
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# Fokker Universal The **Fokker Universal** was the first aircraft built in the United States that was based on the designs of Dutch-born Anthony Fokker, who had designed aircraft for Germany during World War I. About half of the 44 Universals that were built between 1926 and 1931 in the United States were used in Canada. Among the famous pilots who flew the Fokker Universal were Punch Dickins and Walter Gilbert. ## Design and development {#design_and_development} Anthony Fokker established the Atlantic Aircraft Corporation at the Teterboro Airport in Teterboro, New Jersey. One of his first ventures for the new company was building other aircraft under license. In 1926, he formulated plans to create an original aircraft designed for utility and air transport. The design was spearheaded by Robert Noorduyn and based on conventional Fokker designs. The mixed-material construction featured a welded steel tube frame for the fuselage and tail surfaces that were covered in fabric as well as a large wing constructed of wood with a wingspan of 14.55 m, mounted above the fuselage. Although the overall design was quite \"clean,\" all cables, horns and attachments were mounted externally, adding considerably to the drag. When the Fokker Universal (known within Fokker as the Model 4) was first developed in 1925, it had a 149 kW (200 hp) Wright J-4 or a 164 kW (220 hp) J-5 engine. The later **Standard Universal** version was powered by a 246 kW (330 hp) Wright J-6-9 engine. Two gasoline tanks were mounted in the wings near the forward edge. As typical of the era, the pilot sat in an open cockpit forward of the wing's leading edge. The enclosed cabin below and to the rear of the pilot held four to six passengers or could be fitted for cargo hauling. Cargo capacity was estimated to be approximately 427 kg (940 lb); fuel capacity was 280 L (78 US gal) or 213 kg (468 lb) They were sold new at the factory in 1927 for \$14,200. At a time when Fokker America was mostly producing local versions of aircraft designed in the Netherlands, the Universal reversed this situation by becoming an American-designed aircraft produced by the parent company as the **Fokker F.XI** (although Fokker F.XI and Universal were not identical).
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# Fokker Universal ## Operational history {#operational_history} Powered by the newly developed, air-cooled Wright R-790 Whirlwind radial engine which proved to be reliable, the Universal became widely regarded as a good choice for small air carriers and operators. The rugged utility aircraft proved it could haul cargo or passengers and its unique shock absorber system made of bungee cords enabled it to land on bumpy and uneven landing strips. Configurations could be readily changed from landplane to seaplane equipped with floats or if fitted with skis, the Universal could be used on rough ice and snow surfaces. An order for 12 Universals was placed by Western Canada Airways when its owner, James Armstrong Richardson, Sr. judged that the Standard Universal was the best available transport for use in the northern regions of Canada. Six more Universals (G-CAHE - CAHJ) were ordered by the Canadian Government for use in the Hudson Strait Expedition (1927--1928) to study ice formation and navigation in the Hudson Strait prior to the building of the port of Churchill, Manitoba. While not specifically designed for long-distance flights, the Universal was suitable for pioneering work. Charles Lindbergh had wanted to fly a Universal on his transatlantic flight but officials at the Atlantic Aircraft Corporation who reviewed his request in 1926, thought that Lindbergh\'s plans were too risky. More concerned about the company\'s reputation rather than the pilot\'s well-being, they would not sell him an aircraft. The Universal provided steady if unspectacular service with more than half of the Universals utilized for bush flying while more than a dozen United States, Canadian and foreign airlines flew it as a passenger/cargo transport. A further development, the *Super Universal* was larger and more refined with a fully enclosed cockpit. The follow-up design soon supplanted the Universal on the Atlantic Aircraft Corporation\'s production lines. Universals continued to fly well into the 1930s but were primarily relegated to cargo work.
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# Fokker Universal ## Surviving aircraft {#surviving_aircraft} Fokker Standard Universal *G-CAJD* is also known as \"The Ghost of Charron Lake\". It was lost in a snow storm on 10 December 1931. After a 30-year search for the rare bush plane, it was discovered in 2005. A Western Canada Aviation Museum search team (the Fokker Aircraft Recovery Team, F.A.R.T.), using sophisticated side scan sonar technology, finally located the aircraft literally \"parked\" on the lake bottom. In July 2006, the Ghost\'s engine was returned to Winnipeg, along with several artifacts. In October, the underwater archaeology team returned to the recovery site and towed the tail section to shallower waters. A further expedition was undertaken in 2007 to recover more of the Fokker for future display at the museum. Larger and smaller components are presently in storage at the Western Canada Aviation Museum. A decision as to restoration or conservation of the recovered material has not been made at present. The wreckage of Fokker Universal OE-DAA was rebuilt for Sir Reginal Ansett and painted as VH-UTO (First aircraft of Ansett Airlines) As of 2024 it is the centrepiece of the Sir Reginald Ansett Transport Museum of Hamilton Victoria Australia Fokker Universal c/n 408, G-CAHE was abandoned on the shores of Cooking Lake, Alberta and gradually fell apart. Parts of the fuselage, engine, and horizontal stabilizer were collected and donated to the City of Edmonton Artifact Centre; these components are on display at the Alberta Aviation Museum. Fokker Universal c/n 434, NC7029 was recovered from a field in New York by the Connecticut Aeronautical Historical Association (now the New England Air Museum). The remains include the fuselage (broken in two sections), landing gear, engine, and small fragments of the wings. The remains were then transferred to the Canada Aviation and Space Museum in Ottawa, Canada, who in turn transferred them to the Alberta Aviation Museum in 2024. ## Operators `{{AUS}}`{=mediawiki} - Ansett Airways - MacRobertson Miller Airlines `{{flag|Canada|1921}}`{=mediawiki} - Canadian Airways - Canadian Colonial Airways - Department of Marine and Fisheries (now Fisheries and Oceans Canada) - Western Canada Airways - Peace River Airways - Independent Airways - United Air Transport `{{CUB}}`{=mediawiki} - Cuban Navy `{{HON}}`{=mediawiki} - Honduran Air Force `{{HUN}}`{=mediawiki} - Hungarian Air Force (Fokker F.XI) `{{US}}`{=mediawiki} - Colonial Air Transport - National Parks Airways - Pacific Air Transport - Pure Oil - Standard Air Lines ## Specifications (Fokker Universal) {#specifications_fokker_universal} `{{Aircraft specs |prime units? = imp |ref={{cite web|title=Inspection Handbook Part 5|url=http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgccab.nsf/0/7623084711e2d9e88625712a0074b5e2/$FILE/Inspection%20Handbook%20Part%205.pdf|website=Regulatory and Guidance Library|publisher=Federal Aviation Administration|access-date=26 April 2018|archive-date=12 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212025427/http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgccab.nsf/0/7623084711e2d9e88625712a0074b5e2/$FILE/Inspection%20Handbook%20Part%205.pdf|url-status=dead}} {{cite web|title=Fokker|url=http://www.aerofiles.com/_fok.html|website=Aerofiles|access-date=26 April 2018}} |crew=One |capacity=4 passengers or 940 lb / 427 kg cargo |length ft=33 |length in=3 |length m= 10.13 |span ft=47 |span in=9 |span m= 14.56 |height ft=8 |height in=9 |height m= 2.7 |wing area sqft=341 |wing area sqm= 31
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# Jane Hall (actress) **Jane Hall** is an Australian actress, comedian, writer and presenter. She is best known for playing Rebecca Napier on the soap opera *Neighbours*. ## Early life {#early_life} Born in Hamilton, Victoria, Hall grew up in the Dandenong Ranges. She attended Tecoma Primary School, Belgrave South Primary School and Upwey High School. Hall studied drama at MBCTA Youth Theatre and at high school she appeared in high school productions. ## Career A child actress, Hall began her acting career in 1985, with a guest role in the television series *The Henderson Kids*. She performed in school productions at Belgrave South Primary School and also appeared in amateur High School productions. In 1989, Hall played Rebecca Fisher in the television soap opera *Home and Away*. Hall reached large audiences through her long running role in situation comedy series *All Together Now*, which also starred Jon English, Rebecca Gibney and Steven Jacobs. Hall played Anna Sumner, a twin who finds out her real father is a 1970s rock star living in the past. The program focused on the comedy situations in dealing with this discovery and her father\'s eccentric personality. Hall previously regularly filled in for Kate Langbroek on Nova 100\'s breakfast show Hughesy, Kate & Dave, while Langbroek was on maternity leave. . In mid-2007 Hall joined *Neighbours* on Network Ten, playing Rebecca Napier. On 10 October 2010 it was announced that Hall had resigned and she left in 2011. Of her departure, Hall said \"I\'ve decided it\'s time to say \'au revoir\' to Erinsborough. It\'s sad to be leaving... but I\'m looking forward to the future and new and exciting acting adventures.\" In October 2013 it was announced that Hall would be reprising the role of Rebecca on *Neighbours* for a four-week guest stint. Filming took place in November 2013 and aired in Australia in February 2014, and March 2014 in the UK. . In August 2019 it was announced that Hall would once again reprise her role of Rebecca for a guest stint later in the year. In January 2012, it was announced that she would be presenting *Chrissie & Jane* on Mix 1011 with Chrissie Swan and Jamie Row. In August 2012, Hall replaced Yumi Stynes co-hosting the 3PM Pick-Up on Mix 1011 with Chrissie Swan. After Swan was axed, it was announced that Hall would take over the breakfast radio show *Matt & Jane* with Matt Tilley on the rebranded KIIS 101.1 In October 2015, Hall announced that she would leave KIIS 101.1 at the end of the year to return to acting. In 2019 Hall joined the cast of local prison drama *Wentworth* where she played General Manager Ann Reynolds. Hall was one of four legacy characters that were part of *Wentworth*\'s final season. Ann Reynolds was originally in *Prisoner* played by Gerda Nicolson. Hall put her career to be a midwife on hold to be a part of *Wentworth*. In 2023 Hall appeared in Foxtel travel series *Luxury Escapes,* where she and Miguel Maestre travelled to Dubai. Hall returned for series 2. In 2024, Hall joined Chrissie Swan for Swan\'s new podcast series as a recurring guest, reuniting with Swan after several years. The two during the podcast spoke on a matter of topics . On 22 August, Hall was named for the short film *For My Mother* which would release in 2025. ## Personal life {#personal_life} Hall has a daughter, Lucia, with her former husband, Australian actor Vince Colosimo, whom she met on the set of *A Country Practice.* Hall moved out of the couple\'s former home in Northcote, Victoria in January 2007.
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# Jane Hall (actress) ## Filmography ### Film Year Title Role Notes ------ --------------------------------------- ------------------- -------------- 1988 *The Four Minute Mile* Sue Landy TV movie 1997 *Kangaroo Palace* Sue TV movie 1997 *One Way Ticket* Kate Stark TV movie 1998 *Dead Letter Office* Heather Feature film 1999 *The Craic* Alice Feature film 1999 *Witch Hunt* Reporter No 1 TV movie 2000 *Rip Girls* Arlene Feature film 2001 *Finding Home* Gina TV movie 2002 *The Nugget* Lucy Feature film 2003 *Code 11-14* FA Allison Wilson TV movie 2005 *Life* Rachel Cardamone TV movie 2007 *Razzle Dazzle: A Journey Into Dance* Miss Elizabeth Feature film 2025 *For My Mother* Mother Short film ### Television Year Title Role Notes Ref ------------------------ --------------------------------- --------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- 1981 *Fantasy Island* Liz Blake (age 5) TV series, episode: \"Elizabeth\'s Baby / The Artist and the Lady\" 1985 *The Henderson Kids* Regina Powell (recurring role) TV series 1986 *Prime Time* Sandy Lockhart TV series 1988 *House Rules* Pepe TV series 1989 *Home and Away* Rebecca Fisher (recurring role) TV series 1991--1993 *All Together Now* Anna Sumner (main cast) TV series 1994 *A Country Practice* Jess Morrision TV series, 30 episodes *Blue Heelers* Ms Haley TV series, episode: \"Domino Effect\" 1997 *Good Guys, Bad Guys* Allie Andrews TV series, 1 episode *Get a Life* Sophie TV series 1999 *Crash Zone* Kim Clark TV series, 1 episode *Halifax f.p
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# Host factor **Host factor**(sometimes known as risk factor) is a medical term referring to the traits of an individual person or animal that affect susceptibility to disease, especially in comparison to other individuals. The term arose in the context of infectious disease research, in contrast to \"organism factors\", such as the virulence and infectivity of a microbe. Host factors that may vary in a population and affect disease susceptibility can be innate or acquired. Some examples: - general health - psychological characteristics and attitude - nutritional state - social ties - previous exposure to the organism or related antigens - haplotype or other specific genetic differences of immune function - substance abuse - race The term is now used in oncology and many other medical contexts related to individual differences of disease vulnerability
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# Anthony Flower **Anthony Flower** (1792--1875) was a Canadian artist. ## Career Flower was born in London, England on March 4, 1792, the son of merchant mariner Cornelius Flower and Margaret Nicholson. Anthony Flower arrived in the New World in the fall of 1817 on his father\'s ship the *Trent*. By the spring of 1818 he was the owner of farmland on the banks of the Washademoak Lake at MacDonald\'s Corner, Queens County, New Brunswick. There he built a small frame house. In 1820 he married Mary Green, a local woman and the daughter of Loyalists James Green and Elizabeth Carpenter. Anthony and Mary had four children: Cornelius, Margaret, James and Mary. Mary Green Flower, \"his dear dear\", died September 13, 1867, at six o\'clock in the evening. Anthony Flower continued to farm and paint until his sudden death, Thursday, December 9, 1875, at the home of his friend, Brother William Briggs. He is buried in the MacDonald\'s Corner Baptist Church Cemetery. Anthony Flower painted throughout his life. It is clear he had some training in art and was painting before he left England. His earliest surviving work, a watercolour, was painted when he was twelve. His primary medium was watercolour but by the 1840s he was beginning to experiment with oils. He used papers of various sizes and quality, painted some works on wood or leather as well as canvas, and sometimes resorted to using both sides of the paper. Some of his later works also include carved frames and paintings on board with elaborately carved details to enhance the subject. His palette at any one time was relatively limited, and his work can sometimes be dated by noting the colours he used. The numerous portraits of his family and friends indicate the prominent role they played in his life. His landscapes and portrait copies reveal a keen intellect and a curiosity about the world around him. In 2006, an exhibition of his works, some 200 in all, was exhibited at the Beaverbrook Art Gallery and subsequently traveled to other venues in Atlantic Canada. The works include landscapes of his own and neighbouring farms, and portraits of family members. As one of the rare regional artists to emerge from nineteenth century New Brunswick, his work \"opens a window on a time and place now gone\".[1](https://web.archive.org/web/20070319010159/http://www.beaverbrookartgallery.org/anthonyflower/main.asp) His house was restored by Queens County Heritage and opened to the public in 2008. The Anthony Flower House Museum & Gallery tells the story of a family, community and province through two centuries. The story of Anthony Flower as an artist, a farmer, a father, an immigrant, and a community leader reflects the broader history of New Brunswick and Canada. The only inhabitants of the house were Anthony Flower\'s descendants and their wives, with the last resident being James H. Flower who used it as a summer home for several decades. In 2002 it was donated to Queens County Heritage and subsequently moved to its current site in Arcadia in 2003. Queens County Heritage has the largest collection of Anthony Flower\'s paintings in a public institution and the parlour of his house has been refurbished as a small art gallery to feature selections of his work
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# Chalkstick fracture **Chalkstick** fractures are fractures, typically of long bones, in which the fracture is transverse to the long axis of the bone, like a broken stick of chalk. A healthy long bone typically breaks like a hard woody stick as the collagen in the matrix adds remarkable flexibility to the mineral and the energy can run up and down the growth rings of bone. The bones of children will even follow a greenstick fracture pattern. Chalkstick fractures are particularly common in Paget\'s disease of bone, and osteopetrosis. It is also seen in cases of fused spine as in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis. ## Treatment Nonsurgical orthotic management may be appropriate for individuals who have stable fracture patterns as well as no neurological defects. Long-term monitoring is also required to avoid developing a worsening kyphotic deformity. If these patients develop malalignment syndrome, surgical treatment is advised. Patients with neurological deficits or unstable patterns of fracture require surgical fixation to relieve spinal cord compression and stabilize the injury. A halo brace is another option to manage patients with cervical fractures
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# Invasion from Inner Earth ***Invasion from Inner Earth*** (also known as ***They**\'\' and***Hell Fire**\'\') is a 1974 American apocalyptic science fiction film starring Paul Bentzen and Debbi Pick, and directed by Bill Rebane. The film \"made money\" and allowed Rebane to make his subsequent films. ## Plot A group of pilots in the Canadian wilderness begin to hear strange reports over their radios about planes crashing, cars stalling, and a deadly plague which has gripped the planet. As the plot continues, it\'s clear that Earth is in the midst of an invasion. The pilots barricade themselves in a cabin in the woods and wait for impending doom. ## Cast - Paul Bentzen as Stan - Debbi Pick as Sarah - Nick Holt as Jake - Karl Wallace as Eric - Robert Arkens as Andy - Arnold Didrickson as Sam - James Steadman as Radio Announcer - David Pray as T.V. Host - Mary O\'Keefe as Mrs. Murphy ## Home media {#home_media} A DVD-version exists, published in 2021 as part of DVD collection of the director\'s films. ## Reception *Creature Feature* gave the film one star, calling it lumbering, the special effects awful, and the ending incomprehensible, *Fantastic Movie Musings* found it almost completely devoid of entertainment value featuring an ending that shows a 20-minute walk. \"f the worst sin a movie can make is to be boring, then Invasion from Inner Earth dooms itself for all eternity. Egregious scenes of nothingness never build tension or pacing. Dialog goes nowhere. Characters bring nothing of interest. Stiff performances lack any convincing qualities. Then comes a brief dance number worthy of the schlock cinema hall of fame.\", wrote a review of the DVD
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# Son of the Tiger ***Son of the Tiger*** is the first full-length album by The Big Sleep and their first to be released by French Kiss Records. It was released in September 2006 and has a total length of 45:10. ## Reviews Son of the Tiger has been described in Stylus Magazine as having some flaws but overall as \"compulsively and lastingly listenable\". while in the Washington Post it was called one of the more appealing examples in its genre. ## Track listing {#track_listing} 1. \"Brown Beauty\" - 3:54 2. \"Murder\" - 4:22 3. \"You Can\'t Touch the Untouchable\" - 3:59 4. \"SKB\" - 3:36 5. \"Menemy\" - 4:37 6. \"Locomotion\" - 4:30 7. \"Are You Ready (For Love)?\" - 4:00 8. \"Shima\" - 4:22 9. \"Son of the Tiger\" - 4:39 10
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# Mitch Molloy **Mitchell Dennis Molloy** (October 10, 1965 -- March 3, 2024) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger who played two games in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Buffalo Sabres during the 1989--90 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1988 to 1993, was spent in various minor leagues. ## Playing career {#playing_career} ### College and Minor Leagues {#college_and_minor_leagues} Molloy started his hockey career playing for the Camrose Lutheran College Vikings during the 1986--87 season. In his lone season with the Vikings, Molloy scored nine goals and thirteen points in twenty-three games. Molloy would sign with his first professional team, the Virginia Lancers of the newly formed All-American Hockey League. Molloy provided a physical presence along with goal-scoring ability, scoring twenty-six goals and seventy-one points. He also finished the season with 196 PIM. With Molloy on the team, the Lancers (coached by future Stanley Cup-winning coach John Tortorella) went 37-5-0-1 and had the league\'s best regular season record. Molloy spent the majority of the 1988--89 season with the Maine Mariners of the AHL. He was loaned to the Flint Spirits of the IHL for five games during the season. Molloy signed with the Johnstown Chiefs of the East Coast Hockey League at the start of the 1989-90 season. He played eighteen games with the Chiefs, scoring ten goals and ten assists before being offered a contract by the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League. ### Buffalo Sabres {#buffalo_sabres} Molloy signed as a free agent with the Buffalo Sabres in February 1990 and was assigned to the American Hockey League to play for the Sabres\' affiliate the Rochester Americans. He got called up from Rochester and made his NHL debut in a game against the Calgary Flames on March 21, 1990 at the Buffalo Memorial Auditorium where he would fight NHL veteran Tim Hunter. He played his second and final game in the NHL on April 1, 1990 in the Sabres\' last game of the regular season against the Quebec Nordiques, getting into another fight with rookie enforcer Brent Severyn. Like Molloy\'s first game in the NHL, his final NHL game was played at the Memorial Auditorium. As a member of the Sabres, Molloy wore jersey number 40. Molloy was the second player to play a game in the NHL as a previous member of the ECHL. Former Johnstown Chiefs goaltender Scott Gordon played his first game in the NHL with the Quebec Nordiques on January 30, 1990. Like Gordon, Molloy had also played for the Chiefs earlier in his career but they were not teammates, as Gordon left the organization after the 1988--89 ECHL season. Molloy was one of four Sabres players to make their debut on three consecutive nights. Teammates Bob Corkum, Francois Guay, and Darcy Loewen all made their debuts back-to-back-to-back games. This feat has since been duplicated in 1996 and once again in 2011. ### Return To Minor Leagues {#return_to_minor_leagues} Molloy returned to the Sabres for the 1990--91 season, but was assigned to Rochester prior to the start of the 1990--91 season. Molloy was one of four players who were suspended due to a pre-game fight with the Binghamton Rangers; the others being Rudy Poeschek, Tie Domi and then-teammate Steve Ludzik. The Sabres released Molloy after the season. Molloy spent the next two seasons with the St. Thomas Wildcats of the Colonial Hockey League before retiring after the completion of the 1992--93 season. ## Personal life {#personal_life} Following his retirement, Molloy returned to Alberta where he worked as the Managing Director of capital markets at Peters & Co. Limited. Molloy died on March 3, 2024, at the age of 58.
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# Mitch Molloy ## Transactions - Signed as a free agent by the Buffalo Sabres, February, 1990. ## Career statistics {#career_statistics} ### Regular season and playoffs {#regular_season_and_playoffs} Regular season ------------ -------------------------- -------- ---- ---------------- Season Team League GP G 1986--87 Camrose Lutheran College ACAC 23 9 1987--88 Virginia Lancers AAHL 43 26 1988--89 Marine Mariners AHL 47 1 1988--89 Flint Spirits IHL 5 1 1989--90 Buffalo Sabres NHL 2 0 1989--90 Johnstown Chiefs ECHL 18 10 1989--90 Rochester Americans AHL 15 1 1990--91 Rochester Americans AHL 25 1 1991--92 St. Thomas Wildcats CoHL 52 26 1992--93 San Diego Gulls IHL 8 0 1992--93 St
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# Tom Short **Tom Short** is an American traveling campus evangelist who lives in Columbus, Ohio. ## Career ### Campus evangelism {#campus_evangelism} Tom Short was ordained in 1977 by elders of The \"Blitz\" Movement at Solid Rock Church (now Linworth Road Church) in Columbus, Ohio. Missionaries of the movement at the time operated by filling buses with people, musical instruments and tracts in order to execute a 2- or 3-day campus blitz. They used singing, intensive tract distribution, and organized sidewalk canvassing to draw impromptu crowds and to achieve saturation of the intellectual marketplace. By 1980, Short began preaching on campuses while stationed at a church in College Park, Maryland, becoming a fixture outside the Hornbake Library on the University of Maryland campus. In 2004, Tom Short spoke in a non-debate forum along with Jamal Badawi, a renowned Islamic scholar at Iowa State University. The two featured speakers presented their religions\' view of Jesus and answered questions in the forum, co-sponsored by Islam on Campus and the local Great Commission Churches student group. In 2007, Tom founded a Nonprofit organization called *Tom Short Campus Ministries*. Tom uses this ministry to fund his travel to college campuses where he open-air preaches. Tom usually preaches on public college campuses in the free speech areas and will speak with anyone who will listen. Tom has an active Apple Inc. daily podcast along with active social media outlets he uses for his ministry. In March 2012, the Iowa State Daily newspaper had an opinion article written about an upcoming campus visit titled: *Perdios: DOs and DON'Ts of dealing with visiting preacher Tom Short*. In the article, the author gives information about how Tom preaches, what to expect, and how to react to the visit. ### Pastoral work {#pastoral_work} Short briefly served as pastor of Woodstock Community Church in Roswell, Georgia in 1990 while conducting services in the Roswell Holiday Inn, and then moved to San Diego to pastor MountainView Community Church
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# Martin Glaessner **Martin Fritz Glaessner** AM (25 December 1906 -- 23 November 1989) was a geologist and palaeontologist. Born and educated in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, he spent the majority of his life in working for geoscientific institutes in Austria, Russia, Australia, and studying the geology of the South Pacific in Papua New Guinea and Australia. Glaessner also did early work on the classification of the pre-Cambrian lifeforms now known as the Ediacaran biota, which he proposed were the early antecedents of modern lifeforms. ## Life and career {#life_and_career} Glaessner was born in Aussig in the former Kingdom of Bohemia of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (now *\[\[Ústí nad Labem\]\]* in the Czech Republic). He was a research associate at the *\[\[Naturhistorisches Museum\]\]* in Vienna from 1923 to 1932, and starting in 1925, attended the University of Vienna, where he received a doctorate in law in 1929, and a Ph.D. in geology and paleontology in 1931. He was a research associate at the Natural History Museum in London from 1930 to 1931. In 1932, he moved to Moscow and began working in petrogeology at the State Petroleum Research Institute until 1934. From 1934 to 1937, he worked as a Senior Research Officer at the Institute of Mineral Fuels of the Russian Academy of Sciences and was also a part-time lecturer at the University of Moscow\'s Moscow Petroleum Institute and Palaeontological Institute in 1936. Glaessner married Tina Tupikina in 1936, and moved back to Vienna in December late 1937. Of Jewish descent on his father\'s side, he was arrested on 19 March 1938 but released to work at the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (now British Petroleum) in London. Later in 1938, he moved to Port Moresby, Territory of New Guinea (then under Australian control), where he worked for joint oil exploration companies until 1950. He held various positions at the University of Adelaide from 1950 to 1989, including chair of Geology and Palaeontology in 1964. He was an associate at the South Australian Museum from 1953 to 1989. ## Awards Glaessner received the Lyell Medal of the Geological Society, the Walcott Medal of the National Academy of Sciences in 1982, the Verco Medal awarded by the Royal Society of South Australia (1970), and the Eduard Suess Medal of the Geological Society of Austria (1985). He became a fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 1957 and was on its council from 1960 to 1962. He was a chairman of the National Committee of Geological Sciences from 1962 to 1977. He was made a Member of the Order of Australia in 1985. He was an Honorary Research Associate at the American Museum of Natural History from 1950 to 1970
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# Around the Rings **Around the Rings** (**ATR**) is an Internet-based publication covering the business and politics of the Olympic Movement, as well as a wide array of issues in international sports. ATR delivers its news across several platforms: print, online, email, and mobile app. ## Location The company\'s global headquarters are in Atlanta, Georgia, with contributors and sales staff based around the world. ## History ATR had its beginnings in the late 1980s, when Atlanta was bidding for the 1996 Olympic Games. The company -- originally known as Radio Atlanta -- was founded in May 1992 by Ed Hula. Between 1994 and 1996, Hula was the Olympics correspondent for WGST, the official "information station" for the Atlanta Games. He also served as AOL's Olympics reporter in Atlanta. Whilst delivering his radio coverage to listeners worldwide, Hula realized there was a demand for specialized business news about the Olympics. As a result, he wrote a column for a weekly political newsletter that was mailed out across the Southeast. \"The Hula Report\", as it was known, soon outgrew its one-page allotment and became a four-to-eight page fax distributed twice monthly. As \"The Hula Report\" expanded into a 12-to-16 page publication, it was transferred into email format. Advances in technology enabled ATR to launch its own website. The Nagano Olympics in 1998 saw Ed Hula became the first New Media journalist accredited for the Games. The Sydney Olympic Games became a watershed moment for ATR. From 1998 to 2001, Hula was based in Sydney as the Olympics editor for 2UE, the rights-holding radio station for the Sydney games. As well as opening an office there, ATR witnessed a significant growth in their readership. Over the years, ATR has become the "go-to\" source for Olympic bid information, and is frequently quoted across international media. A subscription to the site is required in order to access premium content, although many articles are freely available to all visitors. Hula has provided coverage about every Olympic Games since Barcelona. ## Events During that time, Around the Rings developed an events arm with its Newsmaker Breakfast series. These networking events provide the opportunity for journalists, sports marketers and others with an interest in the Games to meet and talk in an informal setting. Guests have included Jacques Rogge, then president of the European Olympic Committees, Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki of Athens 2004, Prince Albert of Monaco, U. S. Olympic Committee presidents, Dmitry Chernyshenko of Sochi 2014, athletics great Sergey Bubka, NBC Olympics chief Dick Ebersol and many other well-known figures in the Olympic Movement. Newsmaker Breakfasts have become an international event, having been hosted in Acapulco, Atlanta, Beijing, Chicago, Copenhagen, London, New York, Salt Lake City, Sydney, and Vancouver. In 2012, the website celebrated its 20th anniversary cementing its claim \"20 years at #1.\" ## Expansion to football {#expansion_to_football} In June 2009 Around the Rings created a second internet publication, World Football Insider (WFI). The company launched Insider after realizing the need for a reputable publication about the business of international football. Insider is the first online publication to focus on the business of football. Since its inception, correspondents have reported from Zurich, South Africa, Kuala Lumpur, Moscow, Rio de Janeiro, Nassau and many other locations to provide on-the scene reporting of major football events. It is a primary source of news about preparations for the FIFA World Cup and delivers information about FIFA, its 208 member associations, the business of the six continental confederations, as well as the sponsors of the Beautiful Game. ## Publications ATR publishes high-impact magazines for major events on the Olympic calendar. These magazines are distributed at the events, typically at the conference site and in hotels and press centers. **ATR Daily Editions**: The Daily Editions, published during the Olympic Games, target high level visitors and media with information directed at those in the host city. The issues are distributed in the Olympic City at locations such as the Main Press Center, the International Broadcast Center, official hotels, business centers, non-accredited media centers and more. **The Ultimate Insider\'s Guide**: This is a pocket-sized compilation of names, contact information, facts, figures and fun designed for high level Games-time visitors and media in the Olympic city. It is also available free of charge online. **ATR SportAccord Special Edition**: The magazine targets attendees of the SportAccord Convention, the marquee annual conference for the international sports federations. Around the Rings is one of three original media partners since 2005. **ATR Golden 25**: The Around the Rings Golden 25 is a ranking of the personalities who will have the greatest influence in the Olympics in the coming year. It is one of the most coveted nominations in world sport. The countdown begins mid-December and ends around January 1. The 2011 edition was the 15th anniversary of the Golden 25. **ATR Special Editions for IOC Sessions**: ATR has published a special edition magazine for every IOC session since July 2001.
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# Around the Rings ## Online **Around The Rings Website**: Most ATR news is disseminated via its website. Four to five articles are published to the website every day. ATR eBulletins alert readers each time an article is published to the website. Featured content includes coverage of Bidding for the Games, Sochi 2014, Rio 2016, PyeongChang 2018, Tokyo 2020 the International Federations, ATR weekly newsletter, Op Ed column, ATR Datebook, photo galleries, Golden Opportunities, online special editions, and more. **Blog**: The ATR blog on Wordpress provides a forum for more in depth discussion among readers and fans. The "Op Ed" column is frequently posted and a link to the company\'s Twitter page is posted to encourage discussion
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# WFSX-FM **WFSX-FM** (92.5 MHz, \"92.5 Right All Along\") is a commercial radio station licensed to Estero, Florida, and serving the Fort Myers-Naples area of Southwest Florida. It is owned by Sun Broadcasting and it airs a talk radio format. The radio studios and offices are on Bonita Beach Road in Bonita Springs. WFSX-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 20,500 watts. The transmitter is off Old 41 Road in Bonita Springs. WFSX-FM broadcasts using HD Radio technology. The HD2 digital subchannel carries Fox Sports Radio programming and feeds FM translators **W290DB** at 105.9 MHz and **W277AP** at 103.3 MHz. ## Programming On weekdays, WFSX-FM broadcasts two local talk shows, in morning drive time *Daybreak with Mike Opelka* and in late afternoons, *The Drive with Trey Radel*. The rest of the schedule is nationally syndicated talk shows: *The Glenn Beck Radio Program, The Sean Hannity Show, The Clay Travis and Buck Sexton Show, The Mark Levin Show, The Michael Berry Show* and *Coast to Coast AM with George Noory*. Weekends feature specialty shows on money, health, boating, law and technology, as well as repeats of weekday shows. Syndicated weekend programs include *The Kim Komando Show, Sunday Night with Bill Cunningham, Bill Handel on the Law* and *The Weekend with Michael Brown*. Most hours begin with an update from Fox News Radio. ## History ### Country, Oldies and Talk {#country_oldies_and_talk} The station signed on the air on `{{start date and age|1978|12|16}}`{=mediawiki}. It was originally licensed to LaBelle, Florida, as **WVHG** at 92.1 MHz. It was owned by LaBelle Broadcasting with an effective radiated power of 3,000 watts, airing a country music format. In the 1990s and early 2000s, the station went through several changes in call letters and ownership. In the late 1990s, it entered into a country music simulcast arrangement with 92.9 WIKX Punta Gorda. On March 26, 2008, the station switched to an oldies format, playing 1960s and 70s hits. Six days later, the call sign was changed to **WNTY**. On September 17, 2009, the station flipped to a news-talk format, branded under the on-air name \"92.5 Fox News\". On September 25, 2009, WNTY changed its call letters to **WFSX-FM**, to go with its \"Fox News\" branding. ### Simulcasting WFSX-FM\'s programming was once simulcast on WNOG (1270 AM) in Naples, Florida, and WFSX (1240 AM) in Fort Myers. As of July 22, 2013, Fox News programming is no longer available on 1240 AM and 1270 AM. Those stations changed to a sports radio format. The Fort Myers station became WFWN, subsequently returning to the WFSX call sign in 2016. WFSX's license at 1240 AM was cancelled on January 4, 2022 but the sports programming continues on 92.5 HD2 and on 105.9 FM, as well as WNOG 1270 and its translators
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# Akinosuke Oka \|birth_place= Wakayama Prefecture, Japan \|death_place= Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands \|image= \|caption= \|nickname= \|allegiance= `{{flag|Empire of Japan}}`{=mediawiki} \|branch= `{{army|Empire of Japan}}`{=mediawiki} \|serviceyears= \|rank= Major General (posthumous) \|commands= 124th Infantry Regiment \|unit= \|battles= `{{tree list}}`{=mediawiki} - World War II - Guadalcanal campaign`{{KIA}}`{=mediawiki} \|awards= \|laterwork= }} `{{nihongo|'''Akinosuke Oka'''|岡 明之助|Oka Akinosuke|extra=July 5, 1890 &ndash; February 2, 1943}}`{=mediawiki} was a colonel in the Imperial Japanese Army and a commander of Japanese troops during the strategically significant Guadalcanal campaign in the Pacific theater of World War II. He was posthumously promoted to major general. ## Biography Oka was a native of Wakayama Prefecture and a graduate of the 24th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1912. As a lieutenant, he served in the IJA 7th Infantry Regiment, followed by the IJA 77th Infantry Regiment. In 1924, he received specialized training in armored warfare, but remained in the infantry all of his career. He was promoted to major in 1930, lieutenant colonel in 1935 and colonel in March 1939. In June 1939, Oka became commander of the 4th sector of the 8th Border Patrol Force under the Kwantung Army guarding the Manchukuo border against the Soviet Union. In June 1940, he was assigned command of the IJA 124th Infantry Regiment, which participated in combat operations in the Second Sino-Japanese War. He was then scouted by General Kiyotake Kawaguchi for the proposed invasion of Port Moresby in New Guinea and reassigned to the southwest Pacific front in 1942, landing on Guadalcanal together with the forces commanded by Colonel Kiyonao Ichiki. Oka commanded a portion of Japanese troops from the 35th Infantry Brigade in a losing effort during the Battle of Edson\'s Ridge in September, 1942. He later successfully defended the Matanikau River area during the September, 1942 Matanikau action. During the Battle for Henderson Field, he led the 1,200 troops of the 124th Infantry Regiment across the Matanikau and attacked U.S. Marine defenses early on October 26, 1942, but his attack was thrown back with heavy losses to his men, contributing to the overall decisive Japanese defeat in this battle. At the Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse in January 1943, Oka and the 1st and 3rd Battalions from the 124th unsuccessfully attempted to defend a terrain feature called the Sea Horse from American attacks. After losing possession of the feature and surrounding areas, Oka and his surviving troops escaped to friendly lines. Japanese records indicate that he was killed soon after this, but some sources suggest he may have been evacuated with the rest of the Japanese forces during Operation Ke and survived the campaign. He was posthumously promoted to the rank of major general
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# Neurology (journal) ***Neurology*** is a weekly peer-reviewed medical journal covering research in neurology. It is published by Wolters Kluwer on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology, of which it is the official journal. It has been edited since April 2020 by José G. Merino (Georgetown University). ## Previous editors-in-chief {#previous_editors_in_chief} The following persons have been editors-in-chief: - Russell N. DeJong (1951-1977; University of Michigan Medical School), founding editor-in-chief - Lewis P. Rowland (1977-1987; Columbia University) - Robert B. Daroff (1987-1997; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine) - Robert C. Griggs (1997-2007; University of Rochester Medical Center) - John H. Noseworthy (2007-2009; Mayo Clinic) - Robert A. Gross (2009-2020; University of Rochester Medical Center) ## Abstracting and indexing {#abstracting_and_indexing} The journal is abstracted and indexed in: `{{columns-list|colwidth=30em| * [[Biological Abstracts]]<ref name=BA>{{cite web |url=http://mjl.clarivate.com/cgi-bin/jrnlst/jlresults.cgi?PC=BA |title=Biological Abstracts - Journal List |publisher=[[Clarivate Analytics]] |work=Intellectual Property & Science |access-date=2019-01-08}}</ref> * [[BIOSIS Previews]]<ref name=ISI>{{cite web |url=http://mjl.clarivate.com/ |title=Master Journal List |publisher=[[Clarivate Analytics]] |work=Intellectual Property & Science |access-date=2019-01-08}}</ref> * [[CAB Abstracts]]<ref name=CABAB>{{cite web |url=http://www.cabi.org/publishing-products/online-information-resources/cab-abstracts/ |title=Serials cited |work=[[CAB Abstracts]] |publisher=[[CABI (organisation)|CABI]] |access-date=2019-01-08}}</ref> * [[CINAHL]]<ref name=CINAHL>{{cite web |url=https://www.ebscohost.com/nursing/products/cinahl-databases/cinahl-complete |title=CINAHL Complete Database Coverage List |publisher=[[EBSCO Information Services]] |work=[[CINAHL]] |access-date=2019-01-08}}</ref> * [[Current Contents]]/Clinical Medicine<ref name=ISI/> * Current Contents/Life Sciences<ref name=ISI/> * [[Embase]]<ref name=Embase>{{cite web |url=http://www.elsevier.com/solutions/embase/coverage |title=Embase Coverage |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |work=Embase |access-date=2019-01-08}}</ref> * [[Index Medicus]]/[[MEDLINE]]/[[PubMed]]<ref name=MEDLINE>{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/0401060 |title=Neurology |work=NLM Catalog |publisher=[[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] |access-date=2019-01-08}}</ref> * [[PASCAL (database)|PASCAL]]<ref name=MIAR>{{cite web |url=http://miar.ub.edu/issn/0028-3878 |work=MIAR: Information Matrix for the Analysis of Journals |publisher=[[University of Barcelona]] |title=Neurology |access-date=2019-01-08}}</ref> * [[PsycINFO]]<ref name=PsycINFO>{{cite web |url=http://www.apa.org/pubs/databases/psycinfo/coverage.aspx |publisher=[[American Psychological Association]] |title=PsycINFO Journal Coverage |access-date=2019-01-08}}</ref> * [[Science Citation Index]]<ref name=ISI/> * [[Scopus]]<ref name=Scopus>{{cite web |url=https://www.scopus.com/sourceid/17952 |title=Source details: Neurology |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |work=Scopus preview |access-date=2019-01-08}}</ref> }}`{=mediawiki} According to the *Journal Citation Reports* by Clarivate, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 11.8
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# Exclusive Session (Tori Amos EP) ***Exclusive Session*** is a live EP album by American singer-songwriter Tori Amos. The EP is the artist\'s first release exclusively through iTunes. *Exclusive Session* was initially available in May 2005 for UK and Germany iTunes Stores only, followed by United States stores in June 2005
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# Sport in Serbia **Sport in Serbia** includes football, basketball, handball, tennis, volleyball, and water polo. Professional sports in Serbia are organized by sporting federations and leagues (in case of team sports). Serbian professional sports includes multi-sport clubs (called \"sports societies\"), biggest and most successful of which are Crvena Zvezda (three world titles and seven European in various sports), Partizan (fourteen European titles in various sports), Radnički (three European titles in various sports) and Beograd in Belgrade, Vojvodina in Novi Sad, Radnički in Kragujevac, Spartak in Subotica. Serbia had successes in basketball, winning the Olympic silver medal and Nikola Jokic winning 3 NBA MVPs, as well as the 2023 NBA Championship and Finals MVP, Novak Djokovic winning a record setting 24th Grand Slam, and in handball, volleyball and water polo as well. ## Individual sports {#individual_sports} ### Athletics After folk games, athletics in the modern sense appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. Among the first events on the territory of Serbia was the race held in 1906 on the route Valjevo-Jovanje, and in 1908 the Gymnastics Association \"Dusan Silni\" founded the first athletic section. The founding of the Serbian Olympic Club in 1910 and the beginning of Serbia\'s participation in the Olympic Games were important for the further development of athletics. The European Open Championship was organized in Belgrade in 1962, the European Indoor Games in 1966, and the European Club Championship for men in 1989. When it comes to the 21st century, the largest organized competition on the territory of Serbia is the European Indoor Championship in 2017. From the athletic competitions, the Belgrade Marathon and the memorial rally in honor of Artur Takač are held every year. The successes of athletes from Serbia includes: - Vera Nikolić - two-time European champion in the 800 meter race (1966, 1971), and world record holder with a time of 2: 00.5 (1968---1971) - Nenad Stekić - two-time vice-champion of the Old Continent (1974, 1978), former European record holder in long jump (8.45), three years the best result in the world (1975, 1977 and 1978) - Milos Srejovic - European triple jump champion in 1978. - Vladimir Milić - European champion in throwing the ball in the hall in 1982. - Dragan Zdravković - European champion in the 3000 meter indoor race in 1983. - Snezana Pajkic - European champion in the 1500 meter race in 1990. - Dragutin Topic - European champion in high jump 1990, European indoor champion 1996, bronze medal at the World Indoor Championships in 1997 and the European Indoor Championships in 1992 and 2000, (personal record 2.37 meters, among the 10 best of all time) - Slobodan Brankovic - European indoor champion in the 400 meter race in 1992. - Dragan Perić - bronze medal at the World Indoor Championships in 1995 and silver at the European Indoor Championships in 1994 in shot put - Olivera Jevtić - the first athletic medal for Serbia since independence, a silver medal in the marathon at the 2006 European Championships, four bronze medals at the European Cross Country Championships. - Asmir Kolašinac - gold medal in throwing the ball at the European Indoor Championships in 2013, silver in 2015 and bronze from the European Championships in 2012. - Ivana Španović - in the long jump discipline, among the most significant successes are bronze from the 2016 Olympic Games, gold medals in 2023 World Athletics Championships, 2018 World Indoor Championships and 2022 World Indoor Championships, two world bronze medals in the open (2013, 2015), four European Championships titles - two in the open (2016 and 2022) and three in the hall (2015, 2017, 2019). - Adriana Vilagoš - Winner of two silver medals in European Athletics Championships in javelin throw, in 2022 and 2024. - Angelina Topić - Winner of two medals in European Athletics Championships in high jump, silver in 2024 and bronze in 2022. ### Bowling The national team of Serbia were two-time world champions in bowling in 9 cones and broke the team world record. Vilmos Zavarko is the world record holder in individual competition, and he won four gold, three silver and two bronze medals at the world championships, as well as the first place on the world ranking list. ### Chess There are 46`{{when|date=July 2023}}`{=mediawiki} grandmasters (active and inactive) among Serbian chess players. At the Chess Olympics in 1950, the Yugoslavia national team won a gold medal, and among the Serbian chess players in the national team were Petar Trifunović and Svetozar Gligorić, who won medals at other Olympics, as well as at European championships. Among the most successful Serbian grandmasters are Borislav Ivkov, Aleksandar Matanović, Milan Matulović, Ivan Ivanišević, Dragan Šolak, Aleksandar Kovačević, Branko Damljanović, Igor Miladinović \... There are 11 grandmasters among the female competitors.The most successful Serbian chess player is the former Minister of Sports and Youth, Alisa Marić, who won two bronze medals at the Chess Olympics, as well as a silver medal at the European Championship in 1999. Novi Sad hosted the Olympics in 1990, as well as the European Team Championship in 2009. In 1970, a match was held in Belgrade for the first time between the Soviet Union and the rest of the world.
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# Sport in Serbia ## Individual sports {#individual_sports} ### Cycling Djordje Nesic participated in international bicycle races in Europe as a student. On his initiative, the First Serbian Bicycle Association was founded in 1884, and he was elected president. The first competition race was held in Belgrade in 1896, and the following year the first national championship was held. ### Diving The Diving Association of Serbia is an organization that takes care of the development of diving on the territory of Serbia. It was founded in 1971 when it separated from the swimming association. There were a maximum of 13 clubs in the association. There are six members in the alliance, all from Belgrade. The greatest success of a Serbian competitor at the international level is the silver medal of Selena Trajković, under the flag of Yugoslavia, from the Mediterranean Games in 1979 in Split in the platform discipline. Belgrade hosted the first World Diving Championship in 1973. ### Fencing After the First World War, the Yugoslav Fencing Federation was founded with its headquarters in Belgrade, and later in Zagreb. The first individual state championship was held in 1928, and the club championship in 1939. During the Second World War, the Federation ceased to operate. In 1949, the work of the Alliance was renewed and it was renamed the Fencing Alliance of Yugoslavia. The main organization in charge of fencing in Serbia is the Fencing Association of Serbia. The most successful Serbian swordswoman is Tamara Savić-Šotra, a triple participant in the Olympic Games under the flag of FR Yugoslavia. The greatest success of the Serbian leadership since the independence of Serbia in 2006 is the bronze medal at the Mediterranean Games in Mersin in 2013, which was won by Smiljka Rodić. ### Gymnastics Gymnastics appeared among Serbs in the middle of the nineteenth century. The director of the Serbian Great Orthodox Gymnasium in Novi Sad, Djordje Natosevic, introduced classes and descriptive assessment. Stevan Todorović founded the First Serbian Society for Gymnastics and Wrestling in 1857. Tereza Kočiš is a Serbian gymnast, who won a silver medal on the ground floor at the 1950 World Championships, and won silver medals on the beam and two-height loom at the European Championships in 1963, as well as a bronze medal on the ground floor. At the same championship, Mirjana Bilić became the European champion in all-around and on the floor, and she also won bronze on the beam. As for rhythmic gymnastics, Milena Reljin took 5th place at the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles, and Danijela Simić 10. Belgrade hosted the European Men\'s Championship in 1963.
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# Sport in Serbia ## Individual sports {#individual_sports} ### Kayak and canoe {#kayak_and_canoe} The Kayak Federation of Yugoslavia was formed in 1930, and the Federation of Serbia in 1953.Four world and one European championships were held in Belgrade. The best results in kayaking and canoeing were achieved at the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles, when Mirko Nišović won a gold medal in the double canoe at 500 (S-2) and a silver at 1000, and Milan Janić won silver in the single kayak. 2) at 1000 m. They were both three-time world champions and won more medals. Milan Janić children are also kayakers. Mico and Stjepan won a silver medal in the 1000 m at the 1998 World Championships. Later, they changed their citizenship, Mićo and Stjepan joined the Croatian national team, and Nataša competes under the Hungarian flag, for which she won medals. Ognjen Filipović, Dragan Zorić, Bora Sibinkić and Milan Đenandić were trophy four-seater in a kayak. In the 200 m race, among other things, they won gold at the world and European championships. Filipović won medals in the one-seater, but also in the two-seater with Zorić. Dusko Stanojevic and Dejan Pajic won bronze at the 2010 World Championships and silver at the European Championships in 2011 in a two-seater kayak in the 500 meters. silver medals. In 2014, Novaković won a gold medal with Nebojsa Grujić at the world championships in the two-seater 200 m, with the fastest time of all time in that discipline. Then they won a silver medal at the European Championships and a gold medal at the European Games. Antonija Nagy twice won a silver medal at the European championships in the 1000 meter race. The sisters, Nikolina and Olivera Moldovan, won three medals at the world championships, three at the European and one at the European Games. Dalma Benedek, after being an eight-time world and seven-time European champion, has been competing under the Serbian flag since 2013 and in the same year won gold medals at the European Championships in the 500 and 1,000 meters, and then bronze in the 500 meters at the World Championships., as well as up to two or two bronze medals at the European Championship and gold at the European Games with Milica Starović. ### Motorsports Milos Pavlovic is a Serbian motorist. He was the champion in Nissan\'s world light series, and in 2007 he won third place in the Formula Renault series with two victories. He competed in Formula 2 in 2009 and took 9th place, he was on the podium twice. Dušan Borković won the title of champion in the European Mountain Racing Championship in 2012, winning eight of the eleven races.A year earlier, he took third place. As a representative of the NIS Petrol Racing Team in the European Touring Cup car in 2013 took third place in the overall standings, and since 2014 competes in the FIA World Touring Car Championship. The Belgrade Grand Prix was the last Grand Prix motorcycle race, the forerunner of Formula 1, before the start of World War II. ### Rowing The Rowing Federation of Serbia, then Yugoslavia, was founded in 1922. The European Championships were held in Belgrade in 1932 and 2014. Zoran Pančić and Milorad Stanulov are Serbian rowers, who won a silver medal (M2x) for Yugoslavia in the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow and a bronze medal in Los Angeles in 1984. The most successful rowers in independent Serbia are Nikola Stojić and Goran Jagar, who were European champions as a duo without a coxswain (M2 -).Nikola Stojić won a gold medal with Jovan Popović at the 2006 World Championships in the doubles with a coxswain (M2 +), while with Jagar, Popović and Marko Marjanović he won silver in the quadruple with a coxswain (M4 +) in 2007. Stojić also won with Nenad Bedjik. in the discipline, the duo without a coxswain won a bronze (2012) and a gold medal (2013) at the European Championships. Besides them, Goran Nedeljković, Miloš Tomić, Nenad Babović, Dušan Bogićević and Veselin Savić won medals at competitions. Iva Obradović won two silver medals at the European Championships.
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# Sport in Serbia ## Individual sports {#individual_sports} ### Shooting Shooting is one of the oldest sports in Serbia. The first shooting club was founded in Bela Crkva in 1777, and the Association of Shooting Societies of the Kingdom of Serbia was formed in 1887. The European Championship was held twice in Belgrade, in 2005 and 2011. Jasna Šekarić won a gold medal (10m air pistol discipline) at the 1988 Olympics. At the same Games, she won a bronze medal in the sport pistol discipline. She continued her success in Barcelona in 1992, Sydney in 2000, and Athens in 2004, winning three silver medals in the air pistol disciplines. In addition, she was a three-time world champion and a four-time European champion, and also broke the world record. Goran Maksimović won a gold medal in the air rifle disciplines at the 1988 Olympic Games, and Ivana Maksimović won silver in the small-caliber rifle three positions at the 2012 Olympic Games. Damir Mikec and Zorana Arunović won the gold medal in 2024 Olympic Games in the mixed 10 metre air pistol team In addition to them, the shooters who won Olympic medals from Serbia are: - Aleksandra Ivošev (1996 gold in the triple rifle discipline and bronze in the air rifle discipline, bronze with the European Championship) - Aranka Binder (1992 Bronze in Air Rifle) - Stevan Pletikosic (1992 bronze in Olympic discipline, world record, two silver medals with world championship) - Andrija Zlatić (2012 bronze in the 10 m air pistol disciplines, European champion, two silver medals at the World and European Championships) - Damir Mikec (2020 silver in the 10 m air pistol disciplines, multiple World and European champion) - Milenko Sebić (2020 bronze in the 50 m rifle three positions disciplines) World records in the triple jump were broken by Vladimir Grozdanović and Mirjana Mašić (European Championship and double championship in air rifles), and in air rifles Srećko Pejović (silver with European Championship) and Ten Sasen-on foot, gold with European Championship. Zorana Arunović became the world champion in 2010 in the air pistol disciplines and won a gold medal at the European Games in 2015, while among the successful shooters are Dušan Efafanić (bronze with the world championship), Nemanja Mirosavljev (bronze with WC, silver and bronze from the European Championship, Damir Mikec (silver at the European Championship, two gold medals at the European Games), Bobana Veličković (two-time European champion), Andreja Arsović (gold at the European Championship and European Games). ### Swimming Milorad Čavić won a silver medal in swimming (discipline 100 meters butterfly) at the 2008 Olympic Games, and a gold and a silver medal at the 2009 World Championships. He won ten medals at the European Championships. He broke world and European records several times. Nađa Higl became the world champion in the 200-meter breaststroke in 2009, breaking the European record. Velimir Stjepanović won gold medals in the 200 m and 400 m freestyle at the European Championships in 50-meter pool, as well as a bronze medal at the World Championships in 25-meter pools in the 400 m freestyle. Andrej Barna won the bronze medal in 100m freestyle in 2024 European Championships. Serbian 4x100m freestyle relay team won the gold medal in 2024 European Championships. Ivan Lenđer, Čaba Silađi, Miroslava Najdanovski and Szebasztián Szabó won medals at the Universiade, the Mediterranean Games, the European Championship in 25-meter pools, and junior championships. The first World Aquatics Championships in water sports was held in Belgrade in 1973. ### Table tennis {#table_tennis} In table tennis, Serbian athletes are most successful in the doubles game. Ilija Lupulescu won a silver Olympic medal in men\'s doubles in 1988, and Jasna Fazlić and Gordana Perkučin won a bronze medal in women\'s doubles. Zoran Kalinic won one world title and 3 European doubles titles. He has 3 more silver medals from the world championships. Aleksandar Karakašević was the European champion in mixed doubles three times, in 2000, 2005 and 2007, all three times in a pair with the Lithuanian Ruta Pakauskiene. He won five more medals at the European Championships, including a bronze medal in the individual competition in 2011. In 2003, Silvija Erdelji won a bronze medal in the individual competition at the European Championships, as well as in doubles with her sister Anamarija Erdelji. In 1981, Novi Sad hosted competitors at the 36th World Table Tennis Championships (SPENS). Belgrade hosted the European Championship in 2007. ### Tennis Recent success of Serbian tennis players has led to a growth in the popularity of tennis in Serbia. Novak Djokovic holds the all-time record with 24 Grand Slam titles, a record 40 Masters, a record seven year-end championships, 8 year end number 1 titles, and the only player in singles to have won all of the Big Titles over the course of his career. He spent a record 428 weeks as ATP world number 1. Monica Seles, a former world no. 1, member of the International Tennis Hall of Fame, won eight Grand Slam singles titles (while representing FR Yugoslavia). Ana Ivanovic (champion of 2008 French Open) and Jelena Janković were both ranked No. 1 in the WTA rankings. Janković was a Grand Slam champion in mixed doubles (2007 Wimbledon Championships). There were two No. 1 ranked-tennis double players as well: Nenad Zimonjić (three-time men\'s double and five-time mixed double Grand Slam champion) and Slobodan Živojinović (champion of 1986 US Open). The Serbia men\'s tennis national team won the 2010 Davis Cup, and 2020 ATP Cup, also two World Team Cup (in 2009 and 2012) while Serbia women\'s tennis national team reached the final at 2012 Fed Cup.
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# Sport in Serbia ## Team sports {#team_sports} ### Basketball Serbia men\'s national basketball team have won two World Cups in 1998 and 2002, so as silver medal in 2014 and 2023, three European Championships in 1995, 1997, and 2001, one FIBA Diamond Ball in 2004, two Olympic silver medals in 1996 and 2016, and bronze medal in 2024 The women\'s national basketball team won the European Championship twice (2015 and 2021) and Olympic bronze medal in 2016. Serbia men\'s national 3x3 team have won six FIBA 3x3 World Cups (in 2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2022 and 2023), and five FIBA 3x3 Europe Cup (2018, 2019, 2021, 2022 and 2023). A total of 34 Serbian players (five with an NBA ring) have played in the NBA in last three decades,`{{when|date=July 2023}}`{=mediawiki} including Nikola Jokić (2023 NBA champion, three-time NBA Most Valuable Player and a six-time NBA All-Star), Predrag \"Peja\" Stojaković (three-time NBA All-Star) and Vlade Divac (2001 NBA All-Star and Basketball Hall of Famer). European basketball coach Željko Obradović who won 9 Euroleague titles as a coach. The first foreign coach in the history of any NBA team is Igor Kokoškov. KK Partizan basketball club was the 1992 European champion and ŽKK Crvena zvezda women\'s basketball club was 1979 European champion. Miloš Teodosić (2010) and Nemanja Bjelica (2015) received the award for the most useful player in the Euroleague, and Predrag Danilović, Žarko Paspalj, Zoran Savić, Željko Rebrača and twice Dejan Bodiroga were named the most useful players in the final tournament. Radivoj Korać, Dragan Kićanović, Vlade Divac, Zoran Slavnić and Dražen Dalipagić, who is also a member of the NBA Hall of Fame, were admitted to the FIBA Hall of Fame. Aleksandar Nikolić and Ranko Žeravica were received from the coaches, and Obrad Belošević from the basketball referees. Due to the many successes, basketball is currently the second most popular sport in the country, trailing only slightly behind football. It is also the most popular sport played by women, sharing the position with volleyball. ### Football Football is the most popular sport in Serbia, and the Football Association of Serbia with 146,845 registered players, is the largest sporting association in the country. Dragan Džajić was officially recognized as \"the best Serbian player of all times\" by the Football Association of Serbia,`{{when|date=July 2023}}`{=mediawiki} and more recently players such as Nemanja Vidić, Dejan Stanković, Branislav Ivanović, Aleksandar Kolarov, Nemanja Matić and Dušan Tadić played in the UEFA Champions League and achieved a lot of success in their careers. The Serbia national football team lacks relative success although it qualified for four five`{{when|date=July 2023}}`{=mediawiki} FIFA World Cups. Serbia national youth football teams have won 2013 U-19 European Championship and 2015 U-20 World Cup. The two main football clubs in Serbia are Crvena Zvezda who won under Yugoslavia the 1991 European Cup and 1991 Intercontinental Cup) and Partizan being the (finalist of the 1966 European Cup), both from Belgrade. The rivalry between the two clubs is known as the \"Eternal Derby\". In addition, the Serbian football players who won the Champions League with their clubs are Velibor Vasović, Boriša Đorđević, Vladimir Jugović, Perica Ognjenović, Nemanja Vidić, Dejan Stanković, Branislav Ivanović and Luka Jović and in women\'s football Jovana Damnjanović. Bora Milutinović led a large number of world clubs and national teams, and participated in the World Cups with five different national teams. The House of Football, the sports center of the Football Association of Serbia, was opened in Stara Pazova in 2011. ### Handball The Handball Federation of Serbia is a house that organizes domestic leagues and manages the women\'s and men\'s handball national teams of Serbia. The federation was founded in 1949. Serbia hosted the 2012 European Championship in men\'s competition where the Serbian national team won second place and a silver medal. In the same year, the women\'s championship was organized, and the next world championship for women, at which the Serbian national team won silver. RK Metaloplastika has twice been the champion of the Champions League. Dragan Skrbic were named IHF Player of the Year. One of the players from the so-called of the golden generation is Mile Isaković. In 1988, Svetlana Kitić was named IHF Player of the Year. Andrea Lekić is the winner of the award for the best handball player in the world in 2013. ### Volleyball In 1924, several American sports were demonstrated in Belgrade and Novi Sad, including volleyball. Serbia's men\'s national team won the gold medal at 2000 Olympics, silver and bronze medal at the World Championship, the European Championship on 3 occasions (2001, 2011 and 2019) as well as the 2016 FIVB World League. The women\'s national volleyball team have won World Championship two times (2018 and 2022), European Championship three times (2011, 2017 and 2019) as well as silver medal in the 2016 Olympics and bronze in 2020 Olympics. Ivan Miljković was named the most useful player of the European Championship in 2001 and 2011, and Jovana Brakočević in 2011. Vladimir Grbić is a member of the Volleyball Hall of Fame, as well as the Volleyball Hall of Fame together with his brother Nikola Grbić. Tijana Bošković was named by the FIVB and CEV as the most useful volleyball player of the European Championship in 2017 and the World Championship in 2018, as well as CEV Female Volleyball Player of the Year three times (2017,2018,2019).
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# Sport in Serbia ## Team sports {#team_sports} ### Beach volleyball {#beach_volleyball} The Volleyball Federation of Serbia is in charge of the development of beach volleyball in Serbia. Beach volleyball was first played in Serbia in the early 1990s. A year later, the Volleyball Association of Belgrade launched an initiative to create a section within the association, which was also the beginning of organized work. The first championship was held in 1997, and a year later the tournament in San Diego was won. There are currently two competitions in Serbia: the Championship and the Cup, which are played according to the tournament system. Since 2008, the European Masters Tournament has been organized in Novi Sad, with the participation of players from different countries. The most successful competitors are Stefan Basta and Igor Tešić, the champions of the Balkans. ### Water polo {#water_polo} In Serbia, water polo was originally played on the territory of Vojvodina, the first matches were played in Sombor at the beginning of the 20th century. Students who have studied in Hungary, Austria and Germany, where this sport has already been developed, are most responsible for the arrival of water polo. The Serbia men\'s national water polo team is the second most successful national team after Hungary in the history of sport, having won three Olympic gold medals (in 2016, 2020, and 2024), three World Championships (2005, 2009 and 2015). The last 3 FINA World Cups in 2006, 2010, 2014. A record 12 FINA World Leagues and eight European Championships in 1991, 2001, 2003, 2006, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018, respectively. VK Partizan has won seven European champion titles, VK Bečej and VK Crvena zvezda one. The most famous players of the golden generation of Serbian water polo were: Igor Milanović, Aleksandar Šoštar, Vladimir Vujasinović, Aleksandar Šapić, Aleksandar Ćirić and Vanja Udovičić. Filip Filipovic received FINA Water polo player of the year award in 2009, 2011, 2014 and 2021. Vanja Udovicic received it in 2010, and Dušan Mandić in 2020. Igor Milanović and Mirko Sandić are members of the House of Famous Water Sports.
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