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# Sport in Serbia
## Winter sports {#winter_sports}
Serbian sports athletes are regular participants in the Winter Olympics, but as of 2022 Serbia has not yet won a single medal.
The first organized skiing was in 1922 in the winter-mountaineering section of the Serbian Mountaineering Association, and in the sports sense in 1929, when a cross-country skiing competition was organized on Avala. In 1935, the Mountaineering Association built a mountain lodge on Kopaonik, which was used by skiers from Belgrade, and the following year the first championship in alpine disciplines was held.
According to some data, skating has been practiced in Novi Sad since the end of the nineteenth century. It was originally skated on frozen natural water surfaces. The first artificial ice rink was built in 1890.The best Serbian skater is Trifun Živanović. He won medals at prestigious international competitions, was a participant in World and European Championships. He participated in the Olympic Games in Turin in 2006, which no Serbian competitor managed to repeat. Among skaters, Helena Pajović and Ksenija Jastsenjski achieved more significant results.
Jelena Lolović is the most successful alpine skier. She won medals at the Winter Universiade. Nevena Ignjatović, a gold medalist in slalom at the 2013 Universiade, is also a successful alpine skier. The largest ski centers in Serbia are located on Kopaonik, Zlatibor and Stara Planina.
Milanko Petrovic achieved the greatest success in cross-country skiing in Serbia. He won a gold medal at the 2013 Universiade in the 10 km freestyle.
At the European Biathlon Championships in 2012 in the sprint discipline, Milanko Petrović took 9th place, and at the 2013 World Cup race in Oberhof, Germany, he won the first points, which are also the first points of Serbia ever at the World Cup and the most valuable. the result of Serbian biathlon. At the Universiade in 2013, he won a gold medal in the 10 km sprint and a bronze medal in the individual 20 km.
The most successful and most trophy-winning Serbian snowboarder is Nina Micic. She won silver at the 2007 European Youth Olympic Festival in Haki, which is also the only international medal in winter sports under the Serbian flag, participates in the World Cup and regularly wins points.The first snowboarding park in Serbia was opened on Kopaonik in 2012.The Serbian bobsled team competed in the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics, where it finished 25th. and Vancouver in 2010, where he was 18th.The best place at the European Championships was 10th place in 2013 in Austria. The most successful Serbian bobsledder is Vuk Radjenovic, who is currently among the top 50 in the world.
Among the most trophy-winning clubs in the national hockey championship are Partizan, Crvena zvezda and Vojvodina. Since the founding of the Serbian Hockey League, no more than 5 clubs have participated. Partizan won every championship, and counting the Yugoslav championships, he was the champion 16 times. Partizan also triumphed twice in the regional Slohokej league.
Five ski jumps were built on the territory of Serbia. They were located on Avala, Košutnjak, Fruška gora, Goč and Kopaonik. Currently, there is only a ski jump on Goč, but it is not in use either.
In 2005, Belgrade hosted the World Junior Speed Skating Championships.
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# Sport in Serbia
## Athletes with disabilities {#athletes_with_disabilities}
The Paralympic Committee of Serbia is a national Paralympic Committee that organizes and sends athletes to competitions adapted for competitors with disabilities, primarily the Paralympic Games. The chairman of the committee is Zoran Mićović. The most developed throwing disciplines are in athletics. Zeljko Dereta became the Paralympic champion in shot put in 1984, breaking the world record, and he also won a silver medal in shot put and a bronze medal in discus throw. Nada Vuksanović won gold (with a world record) and silver in shot put and gold in discus throw. Draženko Mitrović won two silver Paralympic medals in discus throw, as well as five silver medals from world championships and other throwing disciplines, he was a three-time European champion and broke the world record. Tanja Dragić also broke the world record, and in 2011 she became the champion at the world championships, and the next Paralympic ones in javelin throwing. Zeljko Dimitrijevic broke the world record in shot put in 2012 and won the Paralympic gold. Milos Grlica won a bronze medal in javelin throw in 2004, and he was also the European champion. Slobodan Adzic won Paralympic medals in racing disciplines, silver in the 1,500 and 5,000 meters, two bronze medals in the 400 and one in the 5,000 meters.
In 1988, the SFRY national team won a gold medal in goalball. Miroslav Jančić was a member of the team, but he also competed in athletics and won gold in pentathlon, as well as silver in javelin throw and bronze in fast walking.
The most successful competitors in table tennis are Svetislav Dimitrijevic, winner of two gold and one silver Paralympic medal, Zlatko Kesler, one gold, two silver and bronze, world and European champion, Borislava Peric, two silver medals from 2008 and 2012, as well as gold from European Championships, Zoran Gajić two bronze medals from the Paralympic Games.
In archery, Ružica Aleksov won two gold and one silver medal at the Paralympic Games, Simo Kecman was the Paralympic champion, and Radomir Rakonjac won a silver medal. Drago Ristic and Sinisa Vidic broke world records.
The greatest successes in swimming were achieved by Nenad Krišanović, who won gold and two silver medals, and Jovo Cvetanovski was the world champion.
Lazar Filipović won a silver medal at the 2012 World Paratriathlon Championships.
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# Sport in Serbia
## National leagues {#national_leagues}
**Football:**
- Serbian Superliga
- Serbian First League
- Serbian League
- Serbian Zone League
- Serbian SuperLiga (women)
- Prva Futsal Liga
- Serbian cup
- Serbian Women\'s Cup
**Basketball:**
- Basketball League of Serbia
- Second Basketball League of Serbia
- First Regional Basketball League Serbia
- Second Regional Basketball League Serbia
- First Women\'s Basketball League of Serbia
- Cup Radivoj Korac
- Milan Ciga Vasojević Cup
- ABA League
- ABA League Second Division
- ABA League Supercup
- WABA League
**Volleyball:**
- Volleyball League of Serbia
- Serbian Women\'s Volleyball League
**Handball:**
- Handball League of Serbia
- Serbian Handball Cup
- Serbian First League of Handball for Women
- SEHA League
**Water Polo:**
- Serbian Water Polo League A
- Serbian Water Polo Cup
**Ice hockey:**
- Serbian Hockey League
- Panonian League
- Slohokej League
**Rugby football:**
- Rugby Championship of Serbia
- Serbian Rugby League Championship
## National sports teams {#national_sports_teams}
### Football {#football_1}
- Serbia national football team
- Serbia national under-21 football team
- Serbia national under-20 football team
- Serbia national under-19 football team
- Serbia national under-17 football team
- Serbia national beach soccer team
- Serbia women\'s national football team
- Serbia women\'s national under-19 football team
- Serbia women\'s national under-17 football team
- Serbia national futsal team
### Basketball {#basketball_1}
- Serbia men\'s national basketball team
- Serbia men\'s national under-20 basketball team
- Serbia men\'s national under-19 basketball team
- Serbia men\'s national under-18 basketball team
- Serbia men\'s national under-17 basketball team
- Serbia men\'s national under-16 basketball team
- Serbian men\'s university basketball team
- Serbia women\'s national basketball team
- Serbia women\'s national under-20 basketball team
- Serbia women\'s national under-18 and under-19 basketball team
- Serbia women\'s national under-16 and under-17 basketball team
- Serbian women\'s university basketball team
- Serbia men\'s national 3x3 team
- Serbia men\'s national under-18 3x3 team
- Serbia women\'s national 3x3 team
### Volleyball {#volleyball_1}
- Serbia men\'s national volleyball team
- Serbia men\'s national under-21 volleyball team
- Serbia men\'s national under-19 volleyball team
- Serbia women\'s national volleyball team
- Serbia women\'s national under-23 volleyball team
- Serbia women\'s national under-20 volleyball team
- Serbia women\'s national under-18 volleyball team
### Handball {#handball_1}
- Serbia men\'s national handball team
- Serbia women\'s national handball team
- Serbia men\'s national youth handball team
- Serbia national beach handball team
- Serbia women\'s national beach handball team
### Water polo {#water_polo_1}
- Serbia men\'s national water polo team
- Serbia women\'s national water polo team
### Tennis {#tennis_1}
- Serbia Davis Cup team
- Serbia Fed Cup team
- Serbia Hopman Cup team
### Rugby league {#rugby_league}
- Serbia national rugby league team
### Rugby union {#rugby_union}
- Serbia national rugby union team
- Serbia national rugby sevens team
- Serbia women\'s national rugby union team
- Serbia women\'s national rugby sevens team
### Ice hockey {#ice_hockey}
- Serbia national ice hockey team
- Serbia men\'s national junior ice hockey team
- Serbia men\'s national under-18 ice hockey team
### Softball
- Serbia women\'s national softball team
### Baseball
- Serbia national baseball team
### Cricket
- Serbia national cricket team
### Korfball
- Serbia national korfball team
### American football {#american_football}
- Serbia national American football team
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# Sport in Serbia
## Achievements
### Football {#football_2}
#### Club
UEFA Champions League\
\* 1990--91 **winners**: Crvena Zvezda\
\* 1965-66 runners-up Partizan
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
UEFA Europa League
- 1978--79 runners-up: Crvena Zvezda
UEFA Super Cup
- 1991 Runners-up Crvena Zvezda
Intercontinental Cup
- 1991 **winners**: Crvena Zvezda
Mitropa Cup
- 1958 **winners** Crvena Zvezda
- 1967--68 **winners** Crvena Zvezda
- 1976--77 **winners** Vojvodina
- 1977--78 **winners** Partizan
International (men)
- 2004 Runners-up UEFA European Under-21 Championship
- 2007 Runners-up UEFA European Under-21 Championship
- 2015 **Champions** FIFA U-20 World Cup
- 2013 **Champions** UEFA European Under-19 Championship
#### Tournament
- Serbia at the FIFA World Cup
- Serbia at the UEFA European Championship
Serbia national football team results:
- Serbia national football team results
- Serbia national football team results (2006--2009)
- Serbia national football team results (2010--2019)
- Serbia national football team results (2020--present)
- Serbia national under-21 football team results
Serbian football clubs in European competitions:
- Red Star Belgrade in European football
- FK Partizan in European football
- FK Vojvodina in European football
- FK Radnički Niš in European football
- OFK Beograd in European football
### Basketball {#basketball_2}
#### International (men) {#international_men}
Games Gold Silver Bronze Total
----------------------- ------ -------- -------- --------
Olympic Games 0 2 1 **3**
World Cup 2 2 0 **4**
European Championship 3 2 1 **6**
Total 5 6 2 **13**
Serbia men\'s national basketball team:
- 1996 Runners-up Basketball at the Summer Olympics
- 2016 Runners-up Basketball at the Summer Olympics
- 2024 Third place Basketball at the Summer Olympics
- 1998 **Champions** FIBA World Championship
- 2002 **Champions** FIBA World Championship
- 2014 Runners-up FIBA World Championship
- 2023 Runners-up FIBA World Championship
- 1995 **Champions** EuroBasket
- 1997 **Champions** EuroBasket
- 1999 Third place EuroBasket
- 2001 **Champions** EuroBasket
- 2009 Runners-up EuroBasket
- 2017 Runners-up EuroBasket
- 2023 Runners-up FIBA World Championship
Serbia men\'s national under-20 basketball team:
- 1998, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2015 **Champions** FIBA U20 European Championship
- 1996, 2005, 2014 Third place FIBA U20 European Championship
Serbia men\'s national under-19 basketball team
- 2007 **Champions** FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup
- 2011, 2013 Runners-up FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup
Serbia men\'s national under-18 basketball team
- 2005, 2007, 2009, 2017, 2018 **Champions** FIBA U18 European Championship
- 2011, 2014 Runners-up FIBA U18 European Championship
- 1996, 2012 Third place FIBA U18 European Championship
Serbia men\'s national under-17 basketball team
- 2014 Third place FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup
Serbia men\'s national under-16 basketball team
- 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2007 **Champions** FIBA U16 European Championship
- 2013 Runners-up FIBA U16 European Championship
- 2006, 2009, 2012, 2017 Third place FIBA U16 European Championship
Serbian men\'s university basketball team
- 2001, 2003, 2009, 2011 **Champions** Basketball at the Summer Universiade
- 1999, 2007 Runners-up Basketball at the Summer Universiade
- 2005, 2013 Third place Basketball at the Summer Universiade
Serbia men\'s national 3x3 team
- 2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2022, 2023 **Champions** FIBA 3x3 World Cup
- 2014 Runners-up FIBA 3x3 World Cup
- 2018, 2019, 2021, 2022, 2023 **Champions** FIBA 3x3 Europe Cup
- 2016 Runners-up FIBA 3x3 Europe Cup
- 2015 Third place Basketball at the 2015 European Games
Serbia men\'s national under-18 3x3 team
- 2010 **Champions** Basketball at the Youth Olympic Games
- 2012 **Champions** FIBA 3x3 Under-18 World Championships
- 2018 Runners-up FIBA Europe Under-18 3x3 Championships
#### International (women) {#international_women}
Games Gold Silver Bronze Total
----------------------- ------ -------- -------- -------
Olympic Games 0 0 1 **1**
European Championship 2 0 1 **3**
Total 2 0 2 **4**
Serbia women\'s national basketball team:
- 2016 Third place Basketball at the Summer Olympics
- 2015 **Champions** EuroBasket Women
- 2019 Third place EuroBasket Women
- 2021 **Champions** EuroBasket Women
- 2009 Runners-up Mediterranean Games
Serbia women\'s national under-20 basketball team:
- 2007, 2018 Runners-up FIBA U20 Women\'s European Championship
- 2008 Third place FIBA U20 Women\'s European Championship
Serbia women\'s national under-18 and under-19 basketball team:
- 2005, 2007 **Champions** FIBA U18 Women\'s European Championship
- 2006 Runners-up FIBA U18 Women\'s European Championship
- 2012, 2013 Third place FIBA U18 Women\'s European Championship
- 2005 Runners-up FIBA Under-19 Women\'s Basketball World Cup
- 2007 Third place FIBA Under-19 Women\'s Basketball World Cup
Serbia women\'s national under-16 and under-17 basketball team:
- 2003 **Champions** FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship for Women
- 1999, 2004 Runners-up FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship for Women
#### Club {#club_1}
Euroleague
- 1991--92 **winners**: Partizan
**FIBA Saporta Cup**\
\* 1973--74 **winners** Crvena zvezda\
FIBA Korać Cup\
\* 1977--78, 1978--79, 1988--89 **winners** Partizan\
ABA League\
\* 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013 **winners** Partizan\
\* 2014--15, 2015--16, 2016--17, 2018--19, 2020--21 **winners** Crvena zvezda\
\* 2003--04, 2005--06 **winners** KK FMP\
\* 2005 **winners** KK Vršac\
ABA League Supercup\
\* 2018 **winners** Crvena zvezda\
\* 2019 **winners** Partizan\
Junior ABA League\
\* 2017--18 **winners** **Mega Bemax U19**\
\* 2020--21 **winners** **Mega Soccerbet U19**\
Euroleague Basketball Next Generation Tournament\
\* 2007--08 **winners** **FMP**\
\* 2008--09 **winners** **FMP**\
\* 2013--14 **winners** **Crvena zvezda Telekom**\
\* 2006--07, 2009--10 Runners-up **FMP**\
\* 2014--15, 2015--16 Runners-up Crvena zvezda Telekom\
\* 2016--17, 2018--19 Runners-up Mega Bemax\
Serbian Basketball clubs in European competitions:\
\
\* KK Partizan in EuroLeague\
\* KK Partizan in Europe\
\* KK Crvena zvezda in international competitions\
\
EuroLeague Women
- 1978--79 **winners**: ŽKK Crvena zvezda
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# Sport in Serbia
## Achievements
### Volleyball {#volleyball_2}
#### International (men) {#international_men_1}
Games Gold Silver Bronze Total
----------------------- ------ -------- -------- --------
Olympic Games 1 0 1 **2**
World Championship 0 1 1 **2**
European Championship 3 1 6 **10**
Total 4 2 8 **14**
Serbia men\'s national volleyball team:
- 2000 **Champions**, 1996 Third place Volleyball at the Summer Olympics
- 1998 Runners-up, 2010 Third place FIVB Volleyball Men\'s World Championship
- 2003 Third place FIVB Volleyball Men\'s World Cup
- 2001 Third place FIVB Volleyball World Grand Champions Cup
- 2016 **Champions**, 2003 2005 2008 2009 2015 Runners-up, 2002 2004 2010 Third place FIVB Volleyball World League
- 2001 2011 2019 **Champions**, 1997 Runners-up, 1995 1999 2005 2007 2013 2017 Third place Men\'s European Volleyball Championship
- 2005 Third place Mediterranean Games
Serbia men\'s national under-21 volleyball team
- 2011 Third place FIVB U21 World Championship
Serbia men\'s national under-19 volleyball team
- 2009 2011 **Champions** FIVB U19 World Championship
- 2011 **Champions**, 2009 Runners-up Boys\' Youth European Volleyball Championship
#### International (women) {#international_women_1}
Games Gold Silver Bronze Total
----------------------- ------ -------- -------- --------
Olympic Games 0 1 1 **2**
World Championship 2 0 1 **3**
European Championship 3 3 1 **7**
Total 5 4 3 **12**
Serbia women\'s national volleyball team:
- 2016 Runners-up Volleyball at the Summer Olympics
- 2020 Third place Volleyball at the Summer Olympics
- 2018, 2022 **Champions**, 2006 Third place FIVB Volleyball Women\'s World Championship
- 2011, 2017, 2019 **Champions**, 2007, 2021, 2023 Runners-up, 2015 Third place Women\'s European Volleyball Championship
- 2015 Runners-up FIVB Volleyball Women\'s World Cup
- 2011, 2013, 2017 Third place FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix
- 2015 Third place European Games
- 2009, 2010, 2011 **Champions**, 2012 Third place Women\'s European Volleyball League
Serbia women\'s national under-20 volleyball team:
- 2014 **Champions**, 2010 2012 2016 Runners-up Europe U19 Championship
Serbia women\'s national under-18 volleyball team:
- 2009 Runners-up, 2011 Third place FIVB Volleyball Girls\' U18 World Championship
- 2007, 2009, 2015 Runners-up, 2011 Third place Girls\' Youth European Volleyball Championship
#### Club {#club_2}
#### CEV Challenge Cup {#cev_challenge_cup}
- 2014--15 **Champions** Vojvodina NS Seme Novi Sad
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# Sport in Serbia
## Achievements
### Handball {#handball_2}
#### International (men) {#international_men_2}
Games Gold Silver Bronze Total
----------------------- ------ -------- -------- -------
World Championship 0 0 2 **2**
European Championship 0 1 1 **2**
Total 0 1 3 **4**
Serbia men\'s national handball team:
- 1999, 2001 Third place World Men\'s Handball Championship
- 2012 Runner-up, 1996 Third place European Men\'s Handball Championship
- 2009 **Champions** Handball at the Mediterranean Games
#### International (women) {#international_women_2}
Games Gold Silver Bronze Total
-------------------- ------ -------- -------- -------
World Championship 0 1 1 **2**
Total 0 1 1 **2**
Serbia women\'s national handball team:
- 2013 Runner-up, 2001 Third place IHF World Women\'s Handball Championship
- 2013 **Champions**, 2005 Runner-up Handball at the Mediterranean Games
#### Club {#club_3}
EHF Champions League
- 1984--85 Champions League **winners**: Metaloplastika Šabac
- 1985--86 Champions League **winners**: Metaloplastika Šabac
EHF Women\'s Champions League
- 1975--76 Champions League **winners**: ŽRK Radnički Belgrade
- 1979--80 Champions League **winners**: ŽRK Radnički Belgrade
- 1983--84 Champions League **winners**: ŽRK Radnički Belgrade
#### EHF European Cup {#ehf_european_cup}
- 2000--01 **Champions** RK Jugović Kać
### Water polo {#water_polo_2}
#### International
Games Gold Silver Bronze Total
----------------------- ------ -------- -------- --------
Olympic Games 3 1 3 **7**
World Championship 3 2 3 **8**
European Championship 7 2 1 **10**
Total 13 5 7 **25**
Serbia men\'s national water polo team:
- 2016 Rio de Janeiro **Champions** Olympic Games
- 2020 Tokyo **Champions** Olympic Games
- 2024 Paris **Champions** Olympic Games
- 2004 Athens Runner-up Olympic Games
- 2000 Sydney, 2008 Beijing, 2012 London Third place Olympic Games
- 2005 Montreal, 2009 Rome, 2015 Kazan **Champions** World Championship
- 2001 Fukuoka, 2011 Shanghai Runner-up World Championship
- 1998 Perth, 2003 Barcelona, 2017 Budapest Third place World Championship
- 2006 Budapest, 2010 Oradea, 2014 Almaty **Champions** FINA World Cup
- 2002 Belgrade, 2018 Berlin Third place FINA World Cup
- 2005 Belgrade, 2006 Athens, 2007 Berlin, 2008 Genoa, 2010 Niš, 2011 Florence, 2013 Chelyabinsk, 2014 Dubai, 2015 Bergamo, 2016 Huizhou, 2017 Ruza, 2019 Belgrade **Champions** FINA World League
- 2004 Long Beach Runner-up FINA World League
- 2009 Podgorica Third place FINA World League
- 2001 Budapest, 2003 Kranj, 2006 Belgrade, 2012 Eindhoven, 2014 Budapest, 2016 Belgrade, 2018 Barcelona **Champions** European Championship
- 1997 Seville, 2008 Malaga Runner-up European Championship
- 2010 Zagreb Third place European Championship
- 1997 Bari, 2009 Pescara, 2018 Tarragona **Champions** Mediterranean Games
- 2005 Almeria Third place Mediterranean Games
- 2005 Izmir, 2011 Shenzhen, 2017 Taipei **Champions** Summer Universiade
- 2003 Daegu Runner-up Summer Universiade
- 2009 Belgrade, 2013 Kazan Third place Summer Universiade
Serbian water polo teams in junior categories won medals in the following competitions:
- FINA Junior Water Polo World Championships
- FINA Youth Water Polo World Championships
- LEN European U19 Water Polo Championship
- LEN European Junior Water Polo Championship
#### Club {#club_4}
LEN Champions League
- 1963--64 Champions League **winners**: Partizan
- 1965--66 Champions League **winners**: Partizan
- 1966--67 Champions League **winners**: Partizan
- 1970--71 Champions League **winners**: Partizan
- 1974--75 Champions League **winners**: Partizan
- 1975--76 Champions League **winners**: Partizan
- 1999--00 Champions League **winners**: Bečej
- 2010--11 Champions League **winners**: Partizan
- 2012--13 Champions League **winners**: Crvena zvezda
#### LEN Euro Cup {#len_euro_cup}
- 1997--98: Partizan
- 2012--13: Radnički Kragujevac
#### LEN Cup Winners\' Cup {#len_cup_winners_cup}
- 1990-91 Partizan
#### LEN Super Cup {#len_super_cup}
- 1991 Partizan
- 2011 Partizan
- 2013 Crvena zvezda
### Tennis {#tennis_2}
Players Grand Slam Singles-Doubles-Mixed Doubles
- Novak Djokovic (24)
- Australian Open: 2008, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2023
- Wimbledon: 2011, 2014, 2015, 2018, 2019, 2021, 2022
- US Open: 2011, 2015, 2018, 2023
- French Open: 2016, 2021, 2023
- Nenad Zimonjić (8)
- Australian Open: 2004, 2008
- Wimbledon: 2008, 2009, 2014
- French Open: 2006, 2010, 2010
- Jelena Janković (1) - Wimbledon 2007
- Ana Ivanovic (1) - French Open 2008
- Monica Seles (8)
- Australian Open: 1991, 1992, 1993
- US Open: 1991, 1992
- French Open: 1990, 1991, 1992
- Slobodan Živojinović (1) - US Open 1986
#### International {#international_1}
Davis Cup
- 2010 Davis Cup **winners**
- 2013 Davis Cup runner-up
ATP Cup
- 2020 ATP Cup **winners**
World Team Cup
- 2009 World Team Cup **winners**
- 2012 World Team Cup **winners**
Fed Cup
- 2012 Fed Cup runner-up
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# Sport in Serbia
## Sporting infrastructure {#sporting_infrastructure}
- List of football stadiums in Serbia
- List of indoor arenas in Serbia
## Serbia in big competitions {#serbia_in_big_competitions}
- Serbia at the FIFA World Cup
- Serbia at the UEFA European Championship
- Serbia at the Olympics
- Serbia at the Paralympics
- Serbia at the European Games
- Serbia at the Universiade
- Serbia at the European Youth Olympic Festival
- Serbia at the Mediterranean Games
- Serbian football clubs in European competitions
## League system in Serbia {#league_system_in_serbia}
- Serbian football league system
- Serbian basketball league system
## Serbia sports award {#serbia_sports_award}
- Serbian Footballer of the Year and Coach of the Year
- Serbian Basketball Player of the Year
- Awards of Olympic Committee of Serbia
- *DSL Sport*
## Serbian sports newspapers {#serbian_sports_newspapers}
- *Sportski žurnal*
- *DSL Sport*
- *Tempo*
## Anti-doping agency {#anti_doping_agency}
The Anti-Doping Agency of the Republic of Serbia (ADAS) deals with the control of doping in sports in Serbia. Tests athletes at domestic and international competitions in the country, as well as when there is no competition, performs analyzes, determines the penalty after a possible violation of the rules, gives recommendations and advice to combat doping, etc. In November 2005, the Serbian Parliament adopted law on the prevention of doping in sports, which established the agency.In addition to athletes, ADAS also tests horses in equestrian sports. The agency punishes athletes who use funds from the illicit list, as well as coaches who give them to athletes. Penalties are most often in the form of a ban on competition for a certain period of time, sometimes for life, and there are also fines.
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# Sport in Serbia
## Serbian supporter associations {#serbian_supporter_associations}
Serbian fan groups have a long history. They follow their clubs at home matches, but also abroad. Many groups are extreme. Serbian fan groups are connected in fraternal relations with fans from Russia and Greece.
- Beli Orlovi
- Crveni Đavoli
- Delije
- Firma
- Grobari
- Marinci
- Meraklije
- Plava unija
- United Force
Interrupted matches:
- Partizan - Zrinjski Mostar UEFA expelled Partizan from the 2007--08 UEFA Cup due to crowd trouble at their away tie in Mostar, which forced the match to be interrupted for 10 minutes. UEFA adjudged travelling Partizan fans to have been the culprits of the trouble, but Partizan were allowed to play the return leg while the appeal was being processed. However, Partizan\'s appeal was rejected so Zrinjski Mostar qualified.
- Dinamo--Red Star riot It took the Zagreb police about 15 minutes to surround Zvezda\'s fans and calm them down, but it was not easy, because there was a big fight between the police and Zvezda\'s fans in which one police officer was seriously injured. Then, the Zagreb police managed to take Zvezda\'s fans, accompanied by them, to Maksimir Park, not far from the stadium, with the intention of keeping them there until the beginning of the game and escorting them to the stadium, but they did not succeed, because Zvezda the fans mostly pulled out of that hoop. In the very center of Zagreb, there were several fights, between Zvezda and Dinamo fans, in which two Dinamo fans were seriously injured.When the start of the match was approaching, the Zagreb police escorted Zvezda\'s fans (there were over 2,000 of them) to the south stand of the Maksimir Stadium. Even while the stands were filled with the audience, verbal skirmishes and standard name-calling of Zvezda and Dinamo fans started, followed by mutual insults, even on a national basis.As soon as a few minutes of the match were played, Dinamo fans of the \"Bad Blue Boys\" very easily broke down the protective fence on the north stand of the Maksimir Stadium.A physical confrontation between Dinamo and Zvezdaš followed, which lasted for almost an hour, and part of those riots were recorded by the cameras of TV Zagreb.Almost three hours after this unplayed match, Zvezda fans were detained at the demolished Maksimir Stadium. At that time, they were provided with buses that transported them to Dugo Selo, a suburb of Zagreb, and then they were taken by an emergency train to Belgrade, where they arrived in the morning hours of May 14, 1990.
- Serbia v Albania match was abandoned with the score at 0--0 shortly before halftime after \"various incidents\", which resulted in the Albania players refusing to return to the field. UEFA ruled that Albania had forfeited the match and awarded a 3--0 win to Serbia, but also deducted three points from Serbia for their involvement in the events. Serbia must also play their next two home qualifying games behind closed doors, and both the Serbian and Albanian FAs were fined €100,000. Both the Serbian and Albanian football associations were looking to have the decision revisited, but the decision was upheld by UEFA. Both associations then filed further appeals to the Court of Arbitration for Sport, and on 10 July 2015 the Court of Arbitration for Sport rejected the appeal filed by the Serbian FA, and upheld in part the appeal filed by the Albanian FA, meaning the match is deemed to have been forfeited by Serbia with 0--3 and they are still deducted three points. Serbian FA announced appeal at the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland.
- Italy v Serbia match was abandoned after six minutes due to rioting by Serbian fans.The match was stopped after only six minutes due to riots caused by the visiting fans. The match was supposed to start at 20.50, but the start was postponed for more than half an hour because the visiting fans threw torches on the field, but also among the home spectators, and one fell very close to the home goalkeeper Viviani, so the referee decided to return the players to the locker rooms until the police bring order to the stadium.In the meantime, the police isolated Serbian fans in the stands and it seemed that the situation calmed down, so the match, after the appeal of the Serbian national team, started with a delay of 35 minutes. But after just a few minutes of play and new torches thrown into the pitch, Scottish referee Craig Thomson definitely stopped the match.On the eve of the match, a group of Serbian fans attacked goalkeeper Vladimir Stojković at the moment when the bus with Serbian players was heading towards the stadium. A more serious incident was prevented, but Stojković refused to defend, so Željko Brkić took his place in the first team. The UEFA Control and Disciplinary Body awarded the match as a 3--0 forfeit win to Italy.
- Serbia and Montenegro v Bosnia and Herzegovina played a deciding match on the last matchday of 2006 World Cup qualifying, The circumstances and high stakes made this an extremely important clash for Serbia. Not to mention the fact that both nations were parts of SFR Yugoslavia, which further raised the tensions. Going into the last matchday, Serbia-Montenegro was top of the group - two points ahead of second placed Spain and three points in spare compared to the third placed Bosnia-Herzegovina. Spain, however, was to play the minnows of the group San Marino and was virtually assured a win. With such highly probable scenario in the Spanish game, Serbia-Bosnia clash in Belgrade gained extra significance. The points advantage on top seemingly gave Serbia an advantage, but they still almost certainly needed a win because the match was mind-boggling. If the Belgrade score was to be tied, Serbia and Spain would then be equal on points at the top of the group and their two previous matches would have to decide who gets the first spot and automatic qualification. However, both of those games ended in ties (0-0 in Belgrade, 1--1 in Madrid), and according to FIFA rules, unlike UEFA\'s, away goals count for nothing, so goal difference would be the next deciding factor. That meant that if Bosnia managed to get a tie in Belgrade and Spain beat San Marino by a 4-goal margin, the Spaniards would be on top and Serbia would go into the playoffs. Bosnia was also not without a chance - if it managed to beat Serbia by any score in Belgrade, it would\'ve become tied on points with Serbia, but would overtake it because the first match in Sarajevo ended in a 0--0 tie. Right from the start the tensions were extremely high, the stadium was packed . Mateja Kežman put the Serbs up in 7th minute, and the lead was not relinquished until the end. Serbia-Montenegro qualified directly for Germany 2006, sparking jubilant scenes all over Serbia & Montenegro. A physical confrontation followed, which was started by the fans of the home team, and torches, stones, parts of broken chairs flew to the tribune of BiH fans \...UEFA then stood calmly and watched the clashes in the stands, the captain of Bosnia and Herzegovina. of the national team, Sergei Barbarez pointed out to the judges the war being waged in the stands, but no one reacted. BiH fans suffered serious injuries, and a fan comment that cheered on the visiting national team while showing a wound on their forehead spoke more than any other word that night.
- Serbia--Croatia semifinal (2012 European Men\'s Handball Championship) Events during the competition and later during the semifinal match: On 24 January 2012, after the match between Croatia and France, Serbian hooligans attacked Croatian fans in several locations in northern Serbia. In Novi Sad, Croatian supporters were heading home after the game, when they ran into a road block and some 50 masked men assaulted them with stones, bricks and axes, smashing windscreens. The attack left several supporters injured and one of them hospitalized. In Ruma, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) south from Novi Sad, a Croatian van was set on fire and one of the passengers stabbed with a knife.A day later the unrest continued and many cars were damaged, torched, or burnt out throughout Novi Sad. The Croatian Foreign Ministry officially complained to Serbian Ambassador Stanimir Vukicevic over the attacks; Vukicevic expressed regret and stated that the Serbian police was already taking the necessary steps. Thirteen people were arrested in connection with the incident, including Ivan Ključovski and Jovan Bajić, leaders of a fan group from Novi Sad, and a member of the Obraz right-wing organization. After questioning, all of them remained in custody for a month. Serbia and Croatia met in the semi-final of the tournament, which caused further concern on both sides. About 5,000 policemen were deployed to ensure the security of the fans, while in Croatia some tourist agencies cancelled trips for the match and the Croatian Handball Federation (Hrvatski rukometni savez, HRS) also recommended not to go to Serbia as the supporters\' safety might not be guaranteed. Spokesman Zlatko Skrinjar also added that the HRS had planned to organize trips for the event, however, they changed their mind due to the incidents in the preceding days. On the Croatian-Serbian border, joint checkpoints were set up to prevent hooligans and other groups who have no ticket for the match to enter Serbia, and to escort the fans with tickets from the border to Belgrade. The police reported that there were no incidents during the match, which was eventually won by the Serbians 26--22, however, a bottle actually meant for Croatian playmaker Ivano Balić and coach Slavko Goluža hit Serbian back player Žarko Šešum, severely injuring his eye. Šešum\'s eye suffered significant bleeding. After the trauma he had only minimal vision on the affected eye, but the risk of permanent sight loss was reportedly averted. Morten Stig Christensen, Secretary of the Danish Handball Federation, Serbia\'s opponent in the final said that he was \"severely shocked\" by the incident and so were the people from the European Handball Federation with whom he spoke. Christensen also added that he was shocked that although there were more than five thousand security personnel at the stadium, the hooligans still managed to sneak in Roman candles and laser lights.
Serbian fans hold the record for the largest visit to the EuroCup Basketball
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# Sport in Serbia
## Serbian supporter associations {#serbian_supporter_associations}
Highest attendance records:
- **24,232** attendance for Red Star Belgrade in a 79--70 win over Budivelnyk Kyiv, at Kombank Arena, Belgrade, on 26 March 2014.
- **22,736** attendance for Red Star Belgrade in a 63--52 win over UNICS Kazan, at Kombank Arena, Belgrade, on 2 April 2014.
Serbian fans hold the record for the largest visit to the Euroleague
Rank Home team Score Away team Attendance Arena Date Ref
------ ----------- -------- ------------------ ------------ ---------------- ------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Partizan 63--56 Panathinaikos 22,567 Belgrade Arena [1](https://www.euroleague.net/main/results/showgame?gamecode=157&seasoncode=E2008)
2 Partizan 76--67 Maccabi Tel Aviv 21,367 Belgrade Arena [2](http://www.euroleague.net/main/results/showgame?gamecode=182&seasoncode=E2009)
3 Partizan 56--67 CSKA Moscow 21,352 Belgrade Arena [3](https://www.euroleague.net/main/results/showgame?gamecode=180&seasoncode=E2008)
4 Partizan 81--73 Maccabi Tel Aviv 20,783 Belgrade Arena [4](http://www.euroleague.net/main/results/showgame?gamecode=178&seasoncode=E2009)
Season averages Euroleague:
Season Total gate Games Average Change High avg. Team Low avg. Team
---------- ------------ ------- --------- -------- ----------- ----------------------- ---------- ------------
2013--14 2,063,600 248 8,130 +10.4% 12,578 Partizan NIS 3,960 Budivelnyk
2014--15 2,013,305 251 8,184 +0.1% 14,483 Crvena Zvezda Telekom 1,949 PGE Turów
## Rivals of Serbian clubs and national teams {#rivals_of_serbian_clubs_and_national_teams}
Largest derbies:
- Derby of Serbia
- Eternal derby
- Crvena Zvezda--Partizan basketball rivalry
- Budućnost--Crvena Zvezda basketball rivalry
Belgrade derbies:
- OFK Belgrade vs. Red Star Belgrade
- OFK Belgrade vs. Partizan Belgrade
- Rad Belgrade vs. Red Star Belgrade
- OFK Belgrade vs. Rad Belgrade
- Rad Belgrade vs. Partizan Belgrade
- FK Voždovac vs. Rad Belgrade
- FK Zemun vs. OFK Belgrade, Partizan Belgrade or Red Star Belgrade
Others derbies:
- Novi Sad derby: Vojvodina Novi Sad vs. FK Novi Sad
- Derbi nizije (Lowland derby) or Derbi ravnice (Plain derby): Vojvodina Novi Sad vs. Spartak Subotica
- Political derby: FK Rad vs. FK Novi Pazar
- Šumadija derby: Radnički Kragujevac vs. FK Smederevo
- South Serbian derby: GFK Dubočica vs
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# The Irish Famine (book)
***The Irish Famine*** is a book written by Diarmaid Ferriter and Colm Tóibín. The book is in two volumes, the first of which was written and originally published by Tóibín in 1999. The second volume, written by Ferriter, is entitled *The Capricious Growth of a Single Root* and was added in 2001.
## Volume One {#volume_one}
The first volume of *The Irish Famine* discusses how the Irish (writers, historians, government officials) have approached the task of describing and creating accounts of the Great Famine. Tóibín wrote his volume in part, for Irish-Americans; he has been critical of how the Great Famine has been taught in American schools. He mentions that Americans are \"full of emotional language, selective quotation and vicious anti-English rhetoric\" and that \"\[Americans\] assert, despite all evidence to the contrary, that Ireland remained a net exporter of food during the Famine.\"
## Volume Two {#volume_two}
The second volume of *The Irish Famine* is a selection of primary source documents chosen by Ferriter that pertain to the Famine and its history. Documents include: British Parliamentary Papers; Distress papers from the National Archives of Ireland; Relief Commission Papers; Society of Friends Famine Papers; reports from various Relief Committees; the Prendergast family letters; statistics from the Office of Public Works during 1845--1850; reports from County Inspection Officers; personal statements by leading religious officials; reports from the Irish Constabulary; and personal correspondence of Richard Dowden, the former Mayor of Cork, the Lord Lieutenant, the Duke of Leinster, Lord Cloncurry, Robert Peel, Charles Trevelyan, and John Russell, among others.
## Critical response {#critical_response}
Reviews of Ferriter\'s volume have been positive; *America* called the primary sources that Ferriter collected \"fascinating and revealing.\" Ferriter himself, however, has said that \"These documents\...do nothing to settle the \[Famine\] argument; instead, they establish its terms and complexity.\" *The Irish Famine*, as a whole, has been well-received also; *Read Ireland* reviewed it as a \"unique book \[that\] opens a door to a new and deeper understanding of the Great Irish Famine
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# Hizen-Nanaura Station
is a passenger railway station in located in the city of Kashima, Saga Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Kyushu.
## Lines
The station is served by the Nagasaki Main Line and is located 61.5 km from the starting point of the line at `{{STN|Tosu|x}}`{=mediawiki}.
## Station layout {#station_layout}
The station consists of two side platforms serving two tracks. Track 1 is a through-track while track 2 is a passing loop. A siding branches off track 1. The station building is built in Japanese-style in timber with a tiled roof. It is unstaffed and serves only as a waiting room. Access to the opposite side platform is by means of a footbridge.
### Platforms
待合スペース.jpg\|Waiting room 肥前七浦駅駅舎内.jpg\|Wicket gates 改札付近.jpg\|Station building viewed from platform side ホーム.jpg\|Platform
## History
Japanese Government Railways (JGR) built the station in the 1930s during the development of an alternative route for the Nagasaki Main Line along the coast of the Ariake Sea which was at first known as the Ariake Line. The track was built from `{{STN|Hizen-Yamaguchi|x}}`{=mediawiki} to `{{STN|Hizen-Ryūō|x}}`{=mediawiki}, opening on 9 March 1930, and then to `{{STN|Hizen-Hama|x}}`{=mediawiki}, opening on 30 November 1930. In the next phase of expansion, the track was extended to `{{STN|Tara|x}}`{=mediawiki} which opened on 16 April 1934 as the new southern terminus. Hizen-Hanaura was opened on the same day as an intermediate station along the new stretch of track. On 1 December 1934, the entire route was completed and through-traffic achieved from Hizen-Yamaguchi through the station to Nagasaki. The track was then redesignated as part of the Nagasaki Main Line. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR), the successor of JGR, on 1 April 1987, control of the station passed to JR Kyushu
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# Francesco Fanelli
**Francesco Fanelli** (c. 1590--1653) was an Italian sculptor, born in Florence, who spent most of his career in England.
He likely had contacts if not training in the studio of Giambologna, then in the hands of Pietro Francavilla and Pietro Tacca. He is recorded at work in Genoa in 1609-10 then worked in London from about 1610, as a sculptor in ivory --- Joachim von Sandrart mentions an ivory statuette of Pygmalion that attracted the attention of Charles I of England --- but mostly as a skilled bronze-caster. He made a fountain of sirens astride dolphins, alternating with scallop shells, with putti clasping fish and other figures, for the king at Hampton Court Palace. It was noticed by John Evelyn in 1662, and some elements remain, perched on a high rusticated base, as the Diana Fountain in Bushy Park.
He received a pension in 1635 as \"sculptor of the King\". His only signed sculpture is a portrait bust of a youthful Charles II as Prince of Wales, dated 1640, at Welbeck Abbey. He left England in 1642 about the same time as his more conservative rival sculptor, the Huguenot, Hubert Le Sueur, also returned to Paris.
Abraham van der Doort\'s inventory of the collection of Charles I calls him \"ffrancisco the one-eyed Italian\". The king had a St George and the Dragon and a Cupid on Horseback in black patination among 36 small bronzes in the cabinet room at Whitehall Palace. George Vertue noted that the outstanding horseman and connoisseur of the riding academy, William Cavendish, first Duke of Newcastle at Welbeck, had a number of Fanelli\'s horse statuettes. John Pope-Hennessy has identified as Fanelli\'s a range of bronze statuettes of St. George and the Dragon and other equestrian subjects. The tomb monument to Sir John Bridgeman and his wife in Ludlow church has been attributed to him. Mary, Countess of Home had a cast of his \"George\"
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# Coroners Court of Victoria
The name of \"Coroners Court\" is the generic name given to proceedings in which a Coroner holds an inquest in Victoria.
## Jurisdiction
Coroners have jurisdiction over the remains of a person and the power to make findings in respect of the cause of death of a person. When a serious criminal offence has been disclosed during the course of an inquest, the Coroner may adjourn the proceedings until the criminal proceedings are concluded.
Coroners may also hold inquests concerning the cause of any fire in Victoria, unlike their English counterparts.
Generally there are no appeals from the decision of a coroner, although there is provision for the Supreme Court of Victoria to order an inquest or to grant prerogative relief in respect of the proceedings.
The State Coroner may also in some circumstances order the re-opening of an inquest.
## History
The office of coroner in Victoria derives from the legal framework inherited from the United Kingdom. The first Governor of New South Wales, Arthur Phillip, was a coroner by virtue of his commission as governor. The governor\'s commission entitled him to appoint coroners for the Colony of New South Wales, and this was most likely to have been to justices of the peace. Until the District of Port Phillip became the Colony of Victoria and separated from New South Wales in 1851, coroners would have been appointed under the authority of the New South Wales law.
The first coroner of Melbourne and the county of Bourke was Dr William Byam Wilmot MD. He was appointed by the then Superintendent of Port Phillip, but later Lieutenant-Governor of the Colony of Victoria, Charles La Trobe, in 1841. The second city coroner, appointed in 1857, was Dr Richard Youl MD, while the third city coroner, appointed at the death of Youl in 1897 was Mr Samuel Curtis Candler.
The first temporary morgue in Melbourne was erected on the corner of Flinders Street and Swanston Street in 1871, while the first permanent coroner\'s courthouse was constructed alongside the Yarra River in 1888. The courthouse building was demolished in 1959.
## Structure and jurisdiction {#structure_and_jurisdiction}
The Governor of Victoria may appoint a State Coroner for Victoria. The State Coroner has the function to oversee and co-ordinate coronial services in Victoria, ensure that all deaths, suspected deaths and fires concerning which a coroner has jurisdiction to hold an inquest are properly investigated, ensuring that an inquest is held whenever it is required, and to issue guidelines to coroners to assist them in the exercise or performance of their functions.
The Governor may also appoint Deputy State Coroners. Deputy State Coroners may exercise any of the functions of the State Coroner delegated by the State Coroner to them. Both must be either a County Court of Victoria judge, a magistrate, or a lawyer.
The Governor may also appoint Coroners.
The Governor may also appoint a magistrate as a coroner. Unlike in other Australian states, all magistrates in Victoria do not automatically become coroners by virtue of their appointment as a magistrate
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# Bob Mongrain
**Robert Julien Mongrain** (born August 31, 1959) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre. He played in the National Hockey League with the Buffalo Sabres and Los Angeles Kings between 1979 and 1986. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1979 to 1994, was spent in the minor leagues and then in the Swiss Nationalliga A. After his playing career Mongrain became a coach in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League, Canadian university leagues, and in Switzerland.
In his NHL career, Mongrain appeared in 81 games. He scored thirteen goals and added fourteen assists
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# Rudolf Gelpke
**Rudolf Gelpke** (1928--1972) was a Swiss Islamic scholar.
He studied at the University of Basel, where he received his doctorate in Islamic Studies in 1957. Later Gelpke moved to Iran, where he taught at the University of Tehran and afterwards at the University of Bern in Switzerland. Between September 1962 and May 1963, he taught as associate professor at UCLA.
In the eight years he lived in Tehran, he also worked as a freelance writer, who not only translated historical and literary works, but also published his own works. In his paper, "On Travels in the Universe of the Soul", he reported on self experimentation using lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin that he had conducted with his friends Albert Hofmann, pharmacologist Heribert Konzett, and writer Ernst Jünger. In 1966 he published a book about these self experiments called *Vom Rausch im Orient und Okzident* (*On Inebriation in the East and the West*).
After returning to Switzerland, he suffered a stroke and died in 1972 at the age of 43
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# Nihongo Daijiten
The `{{nihongo|'''''Nihongo Daijiten'''''|日本語大辞典||English title: '''The Great Japanese Dictionary'''}}`{=mediawiki} is a color-illustrated Japanese dictionary edited by Tadao Umesao and published by Kodansha in 1989 and 1995 (2nd edition).`{{r|Tadao19891995}}`{=mediawiki}
## History
The *Nihongo daijiten* was one of three Japanese dictionaries specifically published to compete with Iwanami\'s bestselling *Kōjien* (1955, 1969, 1983). The others were Sanseidō\'s *Daijirin* (1988, 1995, 2006) and Shogakukan\'s *Daijisen* (1995, 1998). These four general-purpose *kokugo jisho* (国語辞書 \"Japanese language dictionaries\") are bulky reference works that weigh approximately 1 kilogram.
Along with the chief editor Umesao Tadao, other *Nihongo daijiten* editors included Kindaichi Haruhiko (金田一春彦, 1913--2004), Sakakura Atsuyoshi (阪倉篤義, 1917--1994), and Hinohara Shigeaki (日野原重明, 1911- ).
Kodansha\'s first *Color-edition Nihongo daijiten* (1989) included over 175,000 headword entries. This dictionary also incorporated encyclopedic content such as color pictures, proper names, allegedly \"10,000\" *kanji* entries (many with Japanese input method JIS X 0208 codes), and some 100,000 English translation glosses for modern Japanese words.
The 2nd edition (1995) expanded by almost 250 pages, giving 200,000 headwords, 120,000 English glosses, and 6500 color illustrations. The printed *Nihongo daijiten* version came with an electronic book CD-ROM containing some additional digital content (graphic data, sound files, etc.). In 2001, Sony licensed Kodansha\'s *Nihongo daijiten* and released a Japanese TVware version for PlayStation 2.
## Characteristics
English glosses are one of the most notable differences between the *Nihongo daijiten* and other general-purpose Japanese dictionaries (*Kōjien*, *Daijirin*, *Daijisen*, etc.). Since the *Nihongo daijiten* gives brief English annotations rather than translation equivalents, it is not an actual Japanese-English bilingual dictionary, but it is useful as an all-in-one dictionary. Most monolingual Japanese dictionaries only include English words as loanword sources, for instance, noting *tie* as the origin of Japanese *tai* (タイ \"tie, necktie; tie, equal score\"). In distinction, the *Nihongo daijiten* entry for *tai* (鯛 \"sea bream; porgy\") gives three English glosses.
- *porgy*, under the fish name
- *supreme thing*, under the \"highest quality\" metaphor, specifically the idiom *kusatte mo tai* (腐っても鯛 \"Even if it\'s rotting, sea bream \[is the best\]\")
- *Better to be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion*, under the subentry for *tai no o yorimo iwashi no kashira* (鯛の尾よりも鰯の頭 \"Better to be the head of a sardine than the tail of a sea bream\").
English is also prominent on the *Nihongo daijiten* cover with a stylized \"GJ\" monogram and \"The Great Japanese Dictionary\" title.
While the venerable *Kōjien* dictionary only had black-and-white illustrations, the three competitors took advantage of color printing technology. For instance, all included appendices showing Japanese color names and corresponding colors. First, the *Nihongo Daijiten* (1989) appendix printed 350 colors and names (色名辞典 \"Dictionary of color names\", with notes and page cross-references). Second, the *Daijisen* (1995) appendix had 358 (カラーチャート色名 \"Color chart of color names\"). The 1st edition *Daijirin* (1988) was printed in two colors, and the 2nd edition (1995) added a color appendix displaying 168 (色の名 \"Names of colors\", some with Classical Japanese quotations).
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# Nihongo Daijiten
## Reviews
The Japanese translator Tom Gally (1999) criticizes the *Nihongo Daijiten* in comparison with the *Kōjien*, *Daijirin*, and *Daijisen*. `{{r|Gally1999}}`{=mediawiki}
> Though subtitled in English \"The Great Japanese Dictionary,\" this dictionary is, in my opinion, the least great of the four large single-volume *kokugo* dictionaries described here. With its many color pictures, pages of advice on giving speeches and writing letters, and short English glosses for many of the entries, it wears its marketing strategy on its sleeve: to sell to people who don\'t know dictionaries. While all of the big dictionaries are advertised as gifts for recent graduates and newlyweds, this one seems most consciously designed to appeal to the casual, unintellectual consumer.
>
> *Nihongo Daijiten*\'s definitions in Japanese are noticeably shorter than in *Daijirin*, *Daijisen*, or *Koujien*, and, despite being as large and heavy as the others, *Nihongo Daijiten* has significantly fewer entries and pages, the thicker paper and larger pictures having taken their toll. Even the English glosses, though quite well done, are too skimpy to make this book much use as a Japanese--English dictionary. The one area where this dictionary excels is in its pictures. They are clear and attractive, and they make the book a pleasure for casual browsing. They appear, though, at a heavy price to what I, for one, want most in a dictionary: words.
The Japanese librarian Yasuko Makino describes the *Nihongo daijiten*.`{{r|Makino2002}}`{=mediawiki}
> An encyclopedic, one-volume modern Japanese--language dictionary, aiming to give a total picture of the language. Focusing on words which are used everyday, this revised edition contains 200,000 words, terms and phrases, and names which we encounter and use daily including proper names particularly personal and geographical names both domestic and foreign, idioms, foreign words which became Japanese, acronyms, and 6,500 color illustrations. Includes sample sentences employing the words. It added elements of *Kanwa jiten* \[Chinese character--Japanese dictionary\], and includes many compounds as separate entries. When English equivalents exist, it is given. Includes various useful appendixes such as sample letters, speeches, and abbreviated words
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# Coroners Court of Tasmania
The **Coroners Court of Tasmania** is the generic name given to the Coronial Division of the Magistrates Court of Tasmania. It is a court which has exclusive jurisdiction over the remains of a person and the power to make findings in respect of the cause of death of a person, a fire or an explosion in Tasmania.
## History
The office of coroner in Tasmania derives from the legal framework inherited from the United Kingdom.
The first Governor of New South Wales, Arthur Phillip, was a coroner by virtue of his commission as governor. Similarly, Lieutenant Governors of Van Diemen\'s Land, which subsequently became the state of Tasmania, also had similar powers.
The lieutenant governor\'s commission also entitled him to appoint others as coroners as required, and this was most likely to have been to justices of the peace.
## Structure and Jurisdiction {#structure_and_jurisdiction}
Coroners have the power to investigate the causes of death within their jurisdiction. They also have power to retain a person's remain, order autopsies, and direct how a person's remains may be disposed of. In Tasmania, they have jurisdiction over fires and explosions, a function which coroners in the United Kingdom did not have.
Where a serious criminal offence has been disclosed during the course of an inquest or an inquiry, the Coroner may refer that matter to the Attorney-General of Tasmania for consideration of the institution of criminal proceedings.
Generally there are no appeals from the decision of a coroner, although there may be provision for the Supreme Court of Tasmania of the Chief Magistrate of Tasmania to reopen an inquest or inquiry. There may also be power for the Supreme Court of Tasmania to grant prerogative relief in respect of the proceedings.
## State Coroner {#state_coroner}
Unlike other states in Australia, there is no specific requirement in Tasmania law to appoint a State Coroner. In Tasmania, the Chief Magistrate performs those functions. The Chief Magistrate has the function to oversee and co-ordinate coronial services in Tasmania, ensure that all deaths and suspected deaths concerning which a coroner has jurisdiction to hold an inquest are properly investigated, and ensuring that an inquest is held whenever it is required, and to issue guidelines to coroners to assist them in the exercise or performance of their functions.
The Governor may also appoint Coroners. All magistrates in Tasmania are coroners by virtue of their appointment as a magistrate.
The secretary of the Department of Justice may appoint a public servant to be a Chief Clerk or Coroner's Associate.
Every police officer in Tasmania is a coroner's officer.
## Caseload
In the financial year 2005-2006, the division of court had 636 deaths reported and held 14 inquests
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# Gerard Mitchell
**Gerard Eugene Mitchell** BA LL.B (born 1943 in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island) is a former Canadian judge and Chief Justice of Prince Edward Island.
He was educated at Grand Tracadie Consolidated and St. Dunstan\'s High School. He received his BA from St. Dunstan\'s University in 1964 and was a school teacher until 1967, when he returned to school to get his law degree from the University of New Brunswick in 1970. He practiced law in PEI from 1970 to 1975, when he was named to the provincial court as a judge. He resigned in 1977 to return to private practice until 1981, when he was appointed to the PEI Supreme Court. He served as Chief Justice from 1987 until 2008, when he was succeeded by David Jenkins. In 2009 he was appointed P.E.I.\'s Police Commissioner
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# Alain Cuny
**René Xavier Marie Alain Cuny** (12 July 1908 -- 16 May 1994) was a French actor of stage and screen. He was closely linked with the works of Paul Claudel and Antonin Artaud, and for his performances for the Théâtre national populaire and Odéon-Théâtre de France.
His film work included collaborations with directors Marcel Carné, Louis Malle, Jean-Luc Godard, Federico Fellini, Michelangelo Antonioni, Francesco Rosi and Luis Buñuel. He was nominated for the César Award for Best Supporting Actor for the 1988 film *Camille Claudel*, and won the Joseph Plateau Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992.
## Early life {#early_life}
**René Xavier Marie Alain Cuny** was born in Saint-Malo, Brittany. He was brought up by an aunt and spent a large part of his childhood with her, in Boucé, and spent several years in an orphanage. He developed an early interest in painting and from the age of 15 he attended the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. He met Picasso, Braque and members of the surrealist group. He then began working in the film industry as a costume, poster and set designer and was employed on films of Cavalcanti, Feyder and Renoir. After a meeting with the actor-manager Charles Dullin, Cuny was persuaded to study drama and he began acting on stage in the late 1930s.
## Career
In the theatre, Cuny became particularly linked with the works of Paul Claudel (who said of him after a performance of *L\'Annonce faite à Marie* in 1944, \"I have been waiting for you 20 years\"). Another literary friend and hero was Antonin Artaud, \"whose texts he read with supreme conviction at a time when Artaud was more or less an outcast, a situation reflected in Artaud\'s *Van Gogh: The Man Suicided by Society*, which Cuny interpreted in his voice\'s fabulous organ tones\". Later Cuny worked with Jean Vilar at the Théâtre national populaire, and with Jean-Louis Barrault at the Odéon-Théâtre de France. His dramatic presence and measured diction made him well-suited to many classical roles.
His first major role in the cinema was as one of the devil\'s envoys in Marcel Carné\'s film *Les Visiteurs du soir* (1942). A few other romantic leading parts followed, but increasingly he appeared in supporting roles, especially in characterizations of intellectuals such as the tormented philosopher Steiner in *La Dolce Vita* (1960), directed by Federico Fellini. He worked frequently in Italian cinema and had close associations with Michelangelo Antonioni and Francesco Rosi as well as Fellini. One of his most admired film performances was in Rosi\'s *Uomini contro* (*Many Wars Ago*, 1970), as the rigidly authoritarian General Leone.
Among his French films were *The Lovers* (*Les Amants*, 1958), directed by Louis Malle, and Jean-Luc Godard\'s *Détective* (1985). He also appeared in the softcore porn film *Emmanuelle* (1974), a role which he said he took to show his contempt for the film business. In the same year, he played Sitting Bull in the absurdist western *Touche pas à la femme blanche!* (*Don\'t Touch the White Woman!*, 1974).
Towards the end of his career he returned to aspects of Claudel. He appeared in *Camille Claudel* (1988), a biographical film about the author\'s sister in which he played their father, Louis-Prosper Claudel. In 1991, he completed a long-planned film adaptation of a Claudel play *The Annunciation of Marie* (*L\'Annonce faite à Marie*, 1991), a French-Canadian production in which he both directed and acted; it won him the Prix Georges-Sadoul. He also gave regular readings of Claudel\'s work at the Festival d\'Avignon.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
In 1962, he married Marie-Blanche Guidicelli. The couple divorced in 1969.
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# Alain Cuny
## Death
Cuny died in 1994 in Paris. He is buried in Civry-la-Forêt, west of Paris, where he had lived.
## Partial filmography {#partial_filmography}
- 1940: *Après Mein Kampf mes crimes* (directed by Alexandre Ryder) - Marinus van der Lubbe
- 1941: *Madame Sans-Gêne* (directed by Roger Richebé) - Roustan
- 1941: *Remorques* (*Stormy Waters*) (directed by Jean Grémillon) - Un matelot du \'Mirva\' (uncredited)
- 1942: *Les Visiteurs du soir* (directed by Marcel Carné) - Gilles - un ménestrel
- 1943: *Le Baron fantôme* (*The Phantom Baron*) (directed by Serge de Poligny) - Hervé
- 1946: *Solita de Cordoue* (directed by Willy Rozier) - Pierre Desluc
- 1951: *Il Cristo proibito* (*The Forbidden Christ*) (directed by Curzio Malaparte) - Antonio
- 1952: *Camicie rosse* (*Red Shirts*) (directed by Goffredo Alessandrini and Francesco Rosi) - Bueno
- 1952: *Les Conquérants solitaires* (directed by Claude Vermorel) - Pascal Giroud
- 1953: *La signora senza camelie* (*The Lady Without Camelias*) (directed by Michelangelo Antonioni) - Lodi
- 1953: *Mina de Vanghel* (directed by Maurice Barry and Maurice Clavel) - M
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# Jasper Avenue
**Jasper Avenue** is an arterial road in central Edmonton, Alberta, and is the city\'s main street. Jasper Avenue has no official street number but is aligned with 101 Avenue with the majority of its length. Jasper Avenue is a major public transit route as several of Edmonton\'s busiest bus routes travel along it. The LRT travels underneath Jasper Avenue between 99 and 110 Streets. It is named after Jasper Hawes, manager of a North West Company trading post of Jasper House in the early 1800s, located in present-day Jasper National Park.
## Route description {#route_description}
Jasper Avenue begins at 125 Street in the community of Westmount as a local residential street. One block to the east, 124 Street turns east and becomes Jasper Avenue, which functions as its unofficial western terminus, with 102 Avenue taking over as the main east--west artery to west Edmonton. Jasper Avenue passes the community of Wîhkwêntôwin through mixed retail and high density residential. East of 109 Street, Jasper Avenue passes through the downtown core and is home to many of Edmonton\'s oldest heritage buildings (for example the Hotel Macdonald) and some of Edmonton\'s tallest office towers, including Canadian Western Bank Place and Rice Howard Place. East of 97 Street, Jasper Avenue departs from both the downtown core and the 101 Avenue alignment, running northeast along the North Saskatchewan River valley through the community of Boyle Street. On the Latta Bridge it passes over the Latta Ravine, between 91 and 90 Streets. At 82 Street, the roadway turns north; however Jasper Avenue continues east as a local residential street through the community of Cromdale, ending at 77 Street. The Jasper West area (west of 97 Street) is one of the major retail, living, commercial, and entertainment districts of the city.
## History
While slow reinvestment continued into the 2000s, the downtown core has recently seen increased development, such as the rise of the Warehouse District and Ice District to the north, resulting in increased activity and redevelopment along Jasper Avenue.
The original alignment of Highway 16 which entered Edmonton from the west along Stony Plain Road and 102 Avenue, followed Jasper Avenue between 124 Street and 95 Street, where it connected with Rowland Road and the Dawson Bridge, left Edmonton to the east along 101 Avenue. In the 1950s, Highway 16 was moved to 111 Avenue and 118 Avenue, resulting in the inner city route becoming Highway 16A. In the early 1980s, the Highway 16A designation along Jasper Avenue was phased out.
## Neighbourhoods
List of neighbourhoods Jasper Avenue runs through, in order from west to east:
- Westmount
- Wîhkwêntôwin
- Downtown
- Boyle Street
- Cromdale
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# Jasper Avenue
## Major intersections {#major_intersections}
Starting at the west end of Jasper Avenue. `{{ABinttop|indep_city=Edmonton|length_ref=<ref name=length/>}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Jctint
|km=0.0
|road=125 Street
|notes=At-grade
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Jctint
|type=incomplete
|km=0.1
|mspan=2
|road={{jct|province=AB|road|[[124 Street, Edmonton|124 Street]]|road|[[102 Avenue, Edmonton|102 Avenue]]|Hwy|16A|dir3=west|to2=yes}}
|notes=Roadway turns east; eastbound [[right-in/right-out]]
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Jctplace
|km=none
|type=trans
|place=Through traffic follows '''124 Street'''
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ABint
|km=0.5
|road=121 Street
|notes=At-grade (traffic lights)
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ABint
|km=1.1
|road=116 Street
|notes=At-grade (traffic lights)
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ABint
|km=1.6
|road=112 Street – Edmonton General Hospital
|notes=At-grade (traffic lights)
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ABint
|km=2.0
|road={{Jct|state=AB|road|[[109 Street, Edmonton|109 Street]]|Hwy|2|to2=yes|location1=[[Old Strathcona]]|location2=[[Edmonton International Airport]]|extra=airport}}
|notes=At-grade (traffic lights)
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ABint
|km=2.1
|road=108 Street (Capital Boulevard)
|notes=At-grade (traffic lights)
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Jctint
|km=2.2
|mspan=2
|road=107 Street – [[Alberta Legislature Building]]
|notes=At-grade (traffic lights)
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Jctplace
|km=none
|place=Passes over {{Jct|state=AB|extra=light-rail}} [[Corona station (Edmonton)|Corona station]] (underground)
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ABint
|km=2.3
|road=106 Street
|notes=At-grade (traffic lights)
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ABint
|km=2.4
|road=[[105 Street, Edmonton|105 Street]]
|notes=At-grade (traffic lights)
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ABint
|km=2.6
|road=104 Street
|notes=At-grade (traffic lights)
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Jctplace
|km=2.6
|km2=2.7
|place=Passes over {{Jct|state=AB|extra=light-rail}} [[Bay/Enterprise Square station]] (underground)
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ABint
|km=2.7
|road=103 Street
|notes=At-grade (traffic lights)
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ABint
|km=2.8
|road=102 Street
|notes=At-grade (traffic lights)
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ABint
|km=2.9
|road=[[101 Street, Edmonton|101 Street]]
|notes=At-grade (traffic lights)
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ABint
|type=incomplete
|km=3.0
|road=[[Downtown Edmonton#Rice Howard Way|Rice Howard Way]] (100A Street)
|notes=At-grade (traffic lights); no vehicle access from Jasper Avenue
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Jctplace
|km=3.0
|km2=3.2
|place=Passes over {{Jct|state=AB|extra=light-rail}} [[Central station (Edmonton)|Central station]] (underground)
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ABint
|km=3.2
|road=100 Street – [[Hotel Macdonald]]
|notes=At-grade (traffic lights)
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ABint
|km=3.3
|road=99 Street – [[Churchill Square (Edmonton)|Churchill Square]], [[Edmonton City Hall|City Hall]], [[Royal Alberta Museum]]
|notes=At-grade (traffic lights)
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ABint
|km=3.5
|road={{jct|province=AB|road|[[97 Street, Edmonton|97 Street]]|Hwy|28|dir2=north|to2=yes|location1=[[Canada Place (Edmonton)|Canada Place]]|location2=[[Shaw Conference Centre]]}}
|notes=At-grade (traffic lights)
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Jctint
|km=4.1
|mspan=2
|road=95 Street
|notes=At-grade (traffic lights); to [[Rowland Road]]
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Jctint
|type=incomplete
|km=none
|road=102 Avenue
|notes=No access from Jasper Ave (one-way eastbound)
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ABint
|km=4.5
|road=[[103A Avenue, Edmonton|103A Avenue]] / 92 Street
|notes=At-grade (traffic lights)
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Jctint
|type=incomplete
|km=5.6
|mspan=2
|road={{jct|province=AB|road|[[82 Street, Edmonton|82 Street]]|Hwy|15|Hwy|16|dir2=north|dir3=east|to2=yes}}
|notes=Roadway turns north; westbound [[right-in/right-out]]
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Jctplace
|km=none
|type=trans
|place=Through traffic follows '''82 Street'''
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ABint
|km=6
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# Masao Maruyama (Japanese Army officer)
, was a Lieutenant General and commander in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II.
## Biography
Maruyama was a native of Nagano Prefecture and a graduate of the 23rd class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1911 and of the 31st class of the Army War College in 1919. He was a military attaché to the United Kingdom from 1923--1925, and to British India from 1929--1930. On his return to Japan, he was assigned to the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff, in charge of British and American military intelligence. He returned to England from 1934--1935, and was assigned to the Japanese embassy in London.
After his promotion to colonel in 1935, Maruyama returned to the General Staff in Tokyo. From 1937--1938, he was commander of the 4th Regiment of the Imperial Guards. With the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War, he was a field commander during the China Incident of July 1937. On 15 July 1938 he was promoted to major general, and assigned command of the IJA 6th Infantry Brigade.
As lieutenant general and commander of the IJA 2nd Division, Maruyama and his division were deployed to Guadalcanal from September and October, 1942 in response to the Allied landings on the island. During the resulting Guadalcanal campaign, Maruyama led troops during the October 1942 Matanikau action and the subsequent Battle for Henderson Field, in which Maruyama\'s troops were decisively defeated. Maruyama and the survivors of his division were evacuated from Guadalcanal in February 1943. Maruyama remained in command of 2nd Division until the beginning of June 1943, when he was transferred to the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff under Field Marshal Hajime Sugiyama.
Maruyama retired from active duty on 2 March 1944. He died on 11 November 1957
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# Putney Dandridge
**Louis** \"**Putney**\" **Dandridge** (January 13, 1902 -- February 15, 1946) was an American jazz pianist and singer.
## Career
Born in Richmond, Virginia, United States, Dandridge began performing in 1918 as a pianist in a revue entitled *The Drake and Walker Show*. In 1930, he worked as accompanist for tap dancer Bill \"Bojangles\" Robinson, including appearances in the musical *Brown Buddies*. In February 1931, Dandridge appeared in the cast of the musical revue *Heatin\' Up Harlem*, starring Adelaide Hall at the Lafayette Theatre, Harlem. In the 1932 American film *Harlem Is Heaven*, Dandridge, on the piano and reciting lyrics in a \"speak set\", accompanies Robinson as the dancer sings \"Is You Is Or Is You Ain\'t\".
After touring in Illinois and the Great Lakes region, Dandridge settled in Cleveland, Ohio, forming a band with guitarist Lonnie Johnson. This period lasted until 1934, when he attempted to perform as a solo act. He took his show to New York City, beginning a series of long residences at the Hickory House on 52nd Street and other local clubs. From 1935 to 1936, he recorded numerous sides under his own name, many of which highlighted some major jazz talents of the period, including Roy Eldridge, Teddy Wilson, Henry \"Red\" Allen, Buster Bailey, John Kirby, Chu Berry, Cozy Cole and more. Appearing to vanish from the music scene in the late 1930s, it is speculated that Dandridge may have been forced to retire due to ill health.
Dandridge died in Wall Township, New Jersey, in February 1946, at the age of 44
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# Marla Luckert
**Marla Jo Luckert** (born July 20, 1955) is the chief justice of the Kansas Supreme Court. She was appointed by Governor Bill Graves on November 20, 2002, and sworn into office on January 13, 2003.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Marla J. Luckert was born in Goodland, Kansas. At Washburn University she earned a Bachelor of Arts in history in 1977 and a Juris Doctor from Washburn University School of Law in 1980.
## Professional life {#professional_life}
After law school, Luckert joined the law firm of Goodell, Stratton, Edmonds and Palmer in Topeka, Kansas. She also served as an adjunct professor of law at Washburn. Luckert was appointed by Governor Joan Finney to the Third Judicial District Court in 1992. In 2000, she became chief judge of the Third Judicial Court. In 2003 she was appointed to the Kansas Supreme Court by Governor Bill Graves.
Luckert has served as president of the Kansas Bar Association, the Kansas District Judges Association, the Kansas Women Attorneys Association, the Topeka Bar Association, the Sam A. Crow Inn of Court, and the Women Attorneys Association of Topeka. Luckert is a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and the Kansas Bar Foundation.
On December 17, 2019, Luckert became chief justice of the Kansas Supreme Court after the retirement of then-Chief Justice Lawton Nuss
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# Muk (food)
***Muk*** (`{{Korean|묵}}`{=mediawiki}) is a Korean food made from grains, beans, or nut starch such as buckwheat, sesame, and acorns and has a jelly-like consistency. Muk has little flavor on its own, so muk dishes are seasoned with soy sauce, sesame oil, chopped scallions, crumbled *gim*, and chili pepper powder, and mixed with various vegetables.
## Types
There are several types of *muk*:
- *Dotori-muk* (`{{Korean|hangul=도토리묵|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}), made from acorn starch
- *Memil-muk* (`{{Korean|hangul=메밀묵|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}), made from buckwheat starch
- *Nokdu-muk* (`{{Korean|hangul=녹두묵|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}) (also called *cheongpo-muk*; 청포묵), made from mung bean starch
- *Hwangpo-muk* (`{{Korean|hangul=황포묵|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}) (also called *norang-muk*; 노랑묵), made from mung bean starch, and colored yellow with gardenia seed pods
- *Kkae-muk* (`{{Korean|hangul=깨묵|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}), made from starch mixed with sesame seeds
- *Olbanggae-muk* (`{{Korean|hangul=올방개묵|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}), made from water chestnuts
## *Muk* dishes {#muk_dishes}
- *Muk-muchim* (`{{Korean|hangul=묵무침|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}), *muk* dish seasoned with *ganjang* (Korean soy sauce), sesame or perilla oil, finely chopped green onions, sesame seeds, and red chili pepper powder. It can be mixed with sliced or shredded cucumber, and leaf vegetables, such as chopped lettuce, cabbage or napa cabbage. The dish can also be served with only crumbled *gim* (Korean nori) added as a garnish.
- *Tangpyeong-chae* (`{{Korean|hangul=탕평채|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}), made with thinly sliced *nokdumuk*, beef, vegetables, and seaweed.
- *Muk-bokkeum* (`{{Korean|hangul=묵볶음|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}), a stir-fried *muk* dish.
- *Muk-jangajji* (`{{Korean|hangul=묵장아찌|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}), marinated *muk* in soy sauce
- Muk-jeonyueo (`{{Korean|hangul=묵전유어|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}) or *mukjeon* (`{{Korean|hangul=묵전|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}), made by pan-frying sliced *muk* that has been coated with mung bean starch.
- *Muk-sabal* (`{{Korean|hangul=묵사발|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}) or also called *mukbap* (`{{Korean|hangul=묵밥|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}), cold soup made with *muk* and sliced vegetables
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# The True Bride
\"**The True Bride**\" or \"**The True Sweetheart**\" is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm in *Grimm\'s Fairy Tales* as tale 186.
It combines two Aarne-Thompson types: 510, the persecuted heroine, and 884, the forsaken fiancée. Others of the first type include *Cinderella*, *The Sharp Grey Sheep*, *The Golden Slipper*, *The Story of Tam and Cam*, *Rushen Coatie*, *The Wonderful Birch*, *Fair, Brown and Trembling* and *Katie Woodencloak*. Other of the second type include *The Twelve Huntsmen*, *The Two Kings\' Children*, and *Sweetheart Roland*.
## Synopsis
A beautiful young girl was made to work hard by her wicked stepmother. One day, the stepmother set her to pick twelve pounds of feathers before night and promised a beating if she failed. The girl cried. An old woman asked about her troubles; she told them, and the old woman promised all would be well and told her to lie down. The girl slept, and the old woman picked the feathers.
The next day, the stepmother set her to empty a pond with a spoon. The old woman had her sleep in a thicket and touched the pool with the spoon, which turned the pool to vapor.
The third day, the stepmother ordered her to build a castle in a rocky valley. The old woman had her sleep in the shade and moved the rocks to form a castle. The stepmother inspected every inch of it, promising a beating if it were not all as it should be; she went to check that the cellar was filled, and the cellar door fell on her, killing her.
The girl lived in the castle alone. It was filled with riches, and stories of her beauty and wealth spread. Many wooers came to her. At last, a king\'s son won her heart. He went to get his father\'s consent. She kissed him, told him not to let anyone else kiss him on that cheek, and sat under a lime tree to await him. On the fourth day without his return, she packed up three dresses, embroidered with suns, moons, and stars, and set out to seek him. She was unable to find him, whoever she asked, and finally took a job as a cowherd and buried her jewels and dresses under a rock. She made a pet of a little calf and sang to it of her being abandoned.
After a few years, she heard that the king\'s daughter was to marry, and saw that the bridegroom was her prince. She sang to her calf as the prince rode by, and he looked at her, but he did not remember her. When three days\' festivities were held to celebrate the marriage, she dressed herself in her gown with suns and went to the first ball. She so enchanted the prince that he forgot his new bride. The second night, she wore the gown with moons and enchanted him again; she had to promise to come the third night to get away. The third night, she wore the gown with stars, and when she kissed him, he remembered her. They went back to her castle and married there.
## Retellings
- \"The True Bride\" television episode of Jim Henson\'s *The Storyteller*, in which the old woman was replaced by a White Lion, the stepmother by a troll, and the king\'s daughter by the troll\'s daughter
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# Cosmetic Ingredient Review
The **Cosmetic Ingredient Review** (**CIR**), based in Washington, D.C., assesses and reviews the safety of ingredients in cosmetics and publishes the results in peer-reviewed scientific literature. The company was established in 1976 by the Personal Care Products Council (then called the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association), with support of the Food and Drug Administration and the Consumer Federation of America.
## Operations
In 2013, Dr. F. Alan Andersen, the CIR\'s director, said that its annual budget \"is not a matter of public record\". The CIR does not file Form 990s, which show annual revenues and expenses. Overall funding for CIR comes from the cosmetic industry\'s main trade association, the Personal Care Products Council.
However, the Personal Care Products Council, is a not-for-profit 501(c)(6) with 2022 revenue of \$20.1 million. It paid its top 14 executives a total of \$5,670,215 in 2022 and Lezlee Westine (CEO) salary was \$1,292,491.
## Chemicals reviewed {#chemicals_reviewed}
In 2002, the CIR decided that it was safe for the industry to continue adding possible endocrine and reproductive disruptors known as phthalates to cosmetics marketed to women of childbearing age. In August 2008, Section 108 of the federal Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA), public law 110--314, banned the use of three phthalates, DEHP, DBP, and BBP, in children\'s toy and child care articles. Some phthalates were restricted in children\'s toys sold in California starting in 2009
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| 0 |
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# Kočani Orkestar
**Kočani orkestar** (in Macedonian: *Кочани оркестар*, also credited under the names: *Kocani orkestar*, *Kocani Orchestra*, *Kochani orkestar* and *Kochani Orchestra*) is a Macedonian Romani brass band from Kočani, North Macedonia led till 2000 by Naat Veliov. Kočani orkestar are among the funkiest exponents of the Balkan brass band style which is found across ex-Yugoslavia and is a direct descendant of the music once played by Turkish army bands. Their music is based on Gypsy tunes from various parts of the Balkans and on Turkish rhythms, with a sprinkle of Latin flavour.
Their song \"Siki, siki baba\" is featured on the soundtrack for the movie Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan although it has no connection to the Music of Kazakhstan. Together with the Romani singer Esma Redžepova, Naat Veliov has filed a lawsuit for the producers of the movie for an unauthorised use of the song
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# 12th Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Base
The **12 Baza Bezzałogowych Statków Powietrznych** (*12th Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Base*) is a Polish Air Force base, located 5 km north of Mirosławiec. `{{Infobox military installation
| name = 12th Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Base
| ensign =
| ensign_size =
| native_name =
| partof = <!-- for elements within a larger site -->
| location =
| nearest_town = [[Mirosławiec]]
| country = [[Poland]]
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| image2 =
| alt2 =
| caption2 =
| type = | coordinates = {{Coord|53|23|41|N|16|04|59|E|name=12BBSP}}
| gridref =
| image_map =
| image_mapsize =
| image_map_alt =
| image_map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Europe # Poland
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location
| pushpin_relief =
| pushpin_image =
| pushpin_label = 12BBSP
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_mark =
| pushpin_marksize =
| ownership =
| operator = [[Polish Air Force]]
| controlledby =
| open_to_public = <!-- for out of use sites/sites with museums etc -->
| site_other_label = <!-- for renaming "Other facilities" in infobox -->
| site_other = <!-- for other sorts of facilities – radar types etc -->
| site_area = <!-- area of site m2, km2 square mile etc -->
| code = <!--facility/installation code, applies to US -->
| built =
| used =
| builder =
| materials =
| height = <!-- height of tallest part, not above sea level -->
| length = <!-- for border fences or other DMZs -->
| fate = <!--changed from demolished parameter-->
| condition = Operational
| battles =
| events =
| current_commander = <!-- current commander -->
| past_commanders = <!-- past notable commander(s) -->
| garrison =
| occupants = <!-- squadrons only -->
| designations =
| website =
<!-- begin airfield information-->
| IATA =
| ICAO = EPMI
| FAA =
| TC =
| LID =
| GPS =
| WMO =
| elevation = {{Convert|495|ft|0}}
| r1-number = 12/30
| r1-length = {{Convert|8202|ft|0}}
| r1-surface =
| h1-number =
| h1-length = <!-- {{Convert| |m|0}} -->
| h1-surface =
| airfield_other_label = <!-- for renaming "Other facilities" in infobox -->
| airfield_other = <!-- for other sorts of airfield facilities -->
<!-- end airfield information -->
| footnotes =
}}`{=mediawiki} It was constituted as **12 Baza Lotnicza** on 1 January 2001.
In 2008, it was the site of the 2008 Polish Air Force C-295 Mirosławiec crash
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# Alex Faulkner
**Selm Alexander Faulkner** (May 21, 1936 -- April 7, 2025) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and was the first National Hockey League (NHL) player from Newfoundland and Labrador. He played in the NHL from 1961 to 1964 with the Toronto Maple Leafs and Detroit Red Wings. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1952 to 1976, was mainly spent in the Newfoundland Senior Hockey League.
## Early life {#early_life}
Faulkner had four hockey-playing brothers, Lindy, George, Seth and Jack, and two sisters (Marie and Elizabeth). His parents were Lester, born in Bishop\'s Falls, and Olive who was a native of Point Leamington. Lester\'s mother (Svea) was born in Burträsk, Sweden and his father (William) was born in Sherbrooke, Guysborough County, Nova Scotia. Alex first learned to play hockey with his brothers on the Exploits River in Bishop\'s Falls. His brother George was the first Newfoundlander to play professional hockey.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Before entering the National Hockey League, Alex Faulkner was a star player in Newfoundland for the Conception Bay All Stars or Cee Bees, a team that was, for the most part, formed by his brother George. Faulkner led the league in both goals and points for two seasons.
Faulkner\'s big break came when the team played an exhibition game in 1960 against a St. John\'s senior team coached by former Toronto Maple Leafs player Howie Meeker. Meeker recommended Faulkner to the Toronto assistant general manager King Clancy.
Faulkner was invited to practise with the Leafs and was offered a contract with the Leafs\' American Hockey League farm team, the Rochester Americans. In his second season in Rochester, Faulkner registered 73 points in 65 games. He was called up to the Leafs for one NHL game that season.
Faulkner\'s chances of landing a regular spot in the Leafs\' lineup at centre were limited---the team already had Dave Keon, Red Kelly, Bob Pulford and Billy Harris at that position. The Leafs did not protect Faulkner, and he was claimed by the Detroit Red Wings in the Intra-League Draft on June 4, 1962.
That season, Faulkner found a place in the NHL on the Red Wings\' third line with Larry Jeffrey and Bruce MacGregor. In his rookie season, Faulkner scored 10 goals and 20 points in 70 games while playing on the checking line.
It was in the playoffs in 1963, however, that Faulkner stood out. André Pronovost replaced Jeffrey on the line and, in that combination, Faulkner scored 5 goals in 8 playoff games, including three (two game-winners) against Chicago\'s Glenn Hall in the semi-finals. The underdog Red Wings eliminated the favoured Black Hawks to earn a berth in the Stanley Cup finals against Faulkner\'s former team, the Toronto Maple Leafs.
Faulkner played a pivotal role in Detroit\'s only win in that series, picking up two goals in the third game, including the game-winner.
When Faulkner returned to Newfoundland in the off-season, the province declared \"Alex Faulkner Day.\" Schools were closed for a parade and ceremony hosted by Premier Joey Smallwood, who presented Faulkner with a pair of gold cuff links.
Faulkner returned to Detroit for the 1963--64 season, but a broken hand and ankle-ligament damage limited his season to 30 games. Detroit asked Faulkner to start the 1964--65 season in the minor leagues, but he instead returned to Conception Bay for the next two seasons.
When the NHL announced expansion starting with the 1967 season, Faulkner returned to minor professional hockey in the United States with the Red Wings farm teams, the Memphis Wings, and then for three more seasons with the San Diego Gulls.
At the beginning of his fourth season with the Gulls, Faulkner decided to return to Newfoundland, where he finished his career with the St. John\'s Capitals, retiring after the 1971--72 season.
Faulkner returned home to work in life insurance and later ran a senior citizens\' home in Bishop\'s Falls. He continued playing amateur hockey well into his 60s and was inducted into the Newfoundland Hall of Fame.
## Death
Faulkner died on April 7, 2025, at the age of 86.
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# Alex Faulkner
## Career achievements {#career_achievements}
### Awards and achievements {#awards_and_achievements}
- A Grand Falls Junior All-Stars member awarded the Veitch Memorial Trophy in 1953 as the first all-Newfoundland junior hockey champion.
- Won five all-Newfoundland senior hockey championships including three Herders with the Grand Falls Andcos in 1955, 1956, and 1957 and two Herders with the Conception Bay CeeBees in 1960 and 1965.
- Won two all-Newfoundland senior \'B\' hockey championships with the Grand Falls Senior Bees in 1956 and 1957.
- In December 1961, he played a game with the Toronto Maple Leafs to become the first Newfoundland-born player to play in the National Hockey League.
- Inducted into the [Newfoundland and Labrador Hockey Hall of Fame in 1994](http://www.hockeynl.ca/hockey-hall-of-fame/inductees/f/alex-faulkner/).
## Career statistics {#career_statistics}
### Regular season and playoffs {#regular_season_and_playoffs}
Regular season
------------ -------------------------- -------- ----- ----------------
Season Team League GP G
1951--52 Bishop\'s Falls Juniors GFSHL 8 2
1951--52 Bishop\'s Falls Juniors CA-HS 9 9
1952--53 Bishop\'s Falls Woodsmen GFSHL 12 13
1952--53 Bishop\'s Falls Woodsmen NLSHL 3 3
1952--53 Grand Falls All-Stars NLSHL 1 3
1953--54 Bishop\'s Falls Woodsmen GFSHL 14 13
1953--54 Grand Falls Bees NLSHL 2 0
1954--55 Bishop\'s Falls Woodsmen GFSHL 11 18
1954--55 Grand Falls All-Stars NLSHL 9 10
1955--56 Bishop\'s Falls Kinsmen GFSHL 12 20
1955--56 Grand Falls Andcos NLSHL 5 6
1956--57 Bishop\'s Falls Kinsmen GFSHL 12 20
1956--57 Grand Falls Bees NLSHL --- ---
1957--58 Bishop\'s Falls Kinsmen GFSHL 12 38
1957--58 Grand Falls Bees NLSHL --- ---
1958--59 Conception Bay Cee Bees NLSHL 25 103
1959--60 Conception Bay Cee Bees NLSHL 19 47
1960--61 Conception Bay Cee Bees NLSHL --- ---
1960--61 Rochester Americans AHL 41 5
1961--62 Toronto Maple Leafs NHL 1 0
1961--62 Rochester Americans AHL 65 19
1962--63 Detroit Red Wings NHL 70 10
1963--64 Detroit Red Wings NHL 30 5
1963--64 Cincinnati Wings CHL 11 4
1963--64 Pittsburgh Hornets AHL 8 1
1964--65 Conception Bay Cee Bees NFSHL 19 22
1965--66 Conception Bay Cee Bees NFSHL 5 5
1966--67 Memphis Wings CHL 70 28
1967--68 San Diego Gulls WHL 71 26
1968--69 San Diego Gulls WHL 73 17
1969--70 San Diego Gulls WHL 60 17
1970--71 San Diego Gulls WHL 4 1
1970--71 St. John\'s Capitals NFSHL 36 26
1970--71 Grand Falls Cataracts Al-Cup --- ---
1971--72 St
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# Pointe aux Pins
**Pointe aux Pins** is a peninsula running south into Lake Erie at about 82 degrees west longitude. The majority of land which comprises the peninsula is owned by the province of Ontario and is designated as Rondeau Provincial Park. A navigational warning light is located near the tip of the peninsula at about 42 degrees, 15 minutes and 23.3 seconds North latitude, 81 degrees, 51 minutes and 6.5 seconds West longitude. The peninsula is designated as the Pointe aux Pins in the Atlas of Canada
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# Math Country
***Math Country*** is an instructional television program produced by Kentucky Educational Television, in the late 1970s.
The show taught elementary math concepts and featured actor Ray Walston as a ghost named Lionel Hardway who inhabits the family farm, now lived in and ran by his descendants, helping them with various math problems, and sometimes getting involved in side stories involving the living members of the Hardway family.
Episodes were roughly 15 minutes in length (design for use during limited classroom time) and were broadcast on educational and public television channels during the school year.
Each broadcast was usually followed by a short called \"Math Country Plus\", which usually dealt with how a girl in school figured out how to solve problems on her own, using her own creativity and intellect, played by two actors who interacted with the girl on a fantasy set to represent the inside of the girl\'s head
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# D & C Builders Ltd v Rees
***D & C Builders Ltd v Rees*** \[1965\] [EWCA Civ 3](http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/1965/3.html) is a leading English contract law case on the issue of part payment of debt, estoppel, duress and just accord and satisfaction.
## Facts
D & C Builders Ltd was a two man building firm run by Mr Donaldson and Mr Casey. They had done work for Mr Rees at 218 Brick Lane, London E1, coming to £732. Mr Rees had only paid £250. £482 was owing. D&C were facing bankruptcy if they were not paid. Mrs Rees phoned up to complain that the work was bad, and refused to pay more than £300. D&C reluctantly accepted and took a receipt marked \'in completion of account\'. After that, they consulted their solicitors and sued for the balance.
## Judgement
Lord Denning MR held that the doctrine of part payment of a debt not discharging the whole \'has come under heavy fire\' but noted that estoppel, deriving from the principle laid down in *Hughes v Metropolitan Railway Co.*, could give relief in equity. Although in his opinion part payment of debt could satisfy a whole debt, he found that Mrs Rees had effectively held the builders to ransom. Therefore, any variation of the original agreement was voidable at the instance of the debtors for duress
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# Flying rings
**Flying rings** was a gymnastics event similar to still rings, but with the performer gripping a pair of rings, approximately shoulder width apart, and swinging--- from the point of suspension of the rings--- while executing a series of stunts.
## Apparatus
Whereas still rings are now 9.8 feet from the point of attachment, flying rings -- also used as still rings in the past -- were on cables up to 22 feet in length - the extra 12 feet allowing the gymnast to swing through an impressive arc. The rings themselves were at times larger and heavier than competition still rings today, designed on a steel core covered by rubber or leather.
## History
There is some evidence that the event took place in an international contest in the late 1800s, if not earlier. Records from Princeton University indicate one of its students, H. G. Otis, won the Eastern Intercollegiate Championships in flying rings in 1902. In America, the event persisted on a regular basis in both NCAA and AAU gymnastic competitions until the early 1960s, when those governing bodies eliminated the flying rings in future meets in an effort to correlate apparatus and performances with those in the modern Olympic Games. Another reason flying rings was removed from intercollegiate competitions is the dangerous nature of the event, with the gymnast soaring to a height of 15 feet or so at each end of a swing. Frank Snay, of Navy, was the last winner in the NCAA event in 1961. It is difficult to ascertain if flying rings ever existed in the Olympic Games, for records occasionally cite medalists in \"flying rings\" when in fact the event may have been the still rings.
In the 1948 Olympic women\'s artistic team all-around, there was a compulsory flying rings routine.[1](https://www.gymnastics-history.com/2021/12/1948-the-womens-rules-and-apparatus-norms-for-the-london-olympics/)
## The performance {#the_performance}
To start a routine, the gymnast jumped or was lifted until he could grasp the rings; then an assistant pulled or pushed him, starting his swing. At the end of each arc the gymnast would do *pikes*, *dislocates* or *front* or *back-uprises* to build up height. A typical routine would show a number of \"flying\" dislocates or *inlocates* (a dislocate leading directly to a *support* above the rings or a shoulder stand). Advanced performers would do two tricks at each end of the swing. Such as a dislocate to a shoot the shoulder move done in the front or the back of the swing. The performer might also do additional moves typical of the still rings while in flight. After several passes the routine would end with a (usually) spectacular *dismount*, normally off a front swing. The winning dismount at the AAU held at the Air Force Academy in 1960 was at the front of the swing, a front dislocate immediately into a double flyaway from 15 feet. Fellow gymnasts in place, prepared to help break a fall if the move failed.
## Safety features {#safety_features}
No nets or other safety devices, apart from standard gym mats, were used in competition, although, when training, gymnasts frequently used a *flying mechanic* (a suspended support rig)
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# Ben M. Hall
**Ben M. Hall** (1921-1970) was an American author and theater historian. His 1961 book, *The Best Remaining Seats*, was a seminal work in the history of theaters. It was the first to survey the origins and architecture of America\'s movie palaces, the palatial cinemas built between the 1910s and the 1940s to showcase the films of Hollywood\'s major studios.
In 1969, Hall founded the Theatre Historical Society of America.
Born and raised in Atlanta, Georgia, Ben Hall resided in Manhattan, near the Hudson River, at 181 Christopher Street in Greenwich Village. He lived in the upper two floors of a former steamship company. He was murdered there in December, 1970, just short of his 49th birthday.
The following is excerpted from his obituary in the *Atlanta Constitution* of December 18, 1970:
Hall\'s funeral was planned to be held \"Saturday, Dec. 19, 1970 at 2 o\'clock at All Saints Episcopal Church in Atlanta.\" \"As pallbearers, Mr. Robert T. Eskew, Mr. Alex M. Hitz Jr., Mr. Joseph Patton `{{sic}}`{=mediawiki}, Mr. Charles E. Freeman, Jr., Dr. Marvous Mosteller, and Mr. George C. Woelper
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# Emma F. Langdon
**Emma Florence Langdon** (1875 -- November 29, 1937) moved to the gold mining district of Cripple Creek, Colorado in 1903. She was an apprentice linotype operator who wrote that \"women\'s place should be in the home and not in public life.\" In spite of such sentiments, she played a very visible role during some very turbulent times. She and her husband were working at the Victor *Daily Record*, a pro-union newspaper, during a 1903-04 strike of miners in the Cripple Creek gold fields that erupted into the Colorado Labor Wars. Along with many other union sympathizers, Langdon was forced to leave in 1904, and moved to Denver.
## History
Republican governor of Colorado James Peabody had sent the national guard into Cripple Creek to suppress the strike. The *Daily Record* erroneously charged that one of the soldiers was an ex-convict. Its staff was imprisoned by the national guard in a bullpen before a retraction could be published. While Victor *Daily Record* editor George Kyner and four printers were in the bullpen, Emma Langdon, a linotype operator married to one of the imprisoned printers, sneaked into the *Daily Record* office and barricaded herself inside. She printed the next edition of the paper, and then delivered it to the prisoners in the bullpen.
Langdon was the only linotype operator in Victor who was overlooked by the national guard. She received a telephone message at midnight about the raid, and rushed to the office, barred the doors, and printed a four-page edition of the morning paper, with the headline across the top --- *Somewhat Disfigured but Still in the Ring.* The next morning Emma Langdon arrived at the bullpen with an armload of papers intended for the prisoners. She was stopped by the guards. She recorded in her 1908 book, *Labors\' Greatest Conflicts*, that the national guard officers were,
> \...discussing with glee the \"great victory in suppressing the paper.\" Their laughter was soon changed to oaths when they were dramatically presented the papers that were intended for the imprisoned printers.
The *Associated Press* picked up the story of the apprentice printer who could not be intimidated.
The *Daily Record* did not miss an issue as a result of the arrests. The printers were held for twenty-four hours, charged with criminal libel, and then were released on bond. When the cases went to court, all charges were dismissed.
For defying the militia and producing an issue of the union paper by herself, Langdon was presented with an engraved gold medal at the Western Federation of Miners convention in 1904, and was made an honorary member of the union. Although the designation was somewhat overused in the period, Langdon was frequently referred to as *Labor\'s Joan of Arc*.
## Affiliations
Langdon was secretary of the Victor Women\'s Auxiliary, vice-president of the Victor Trades Assembly, a member of the Typographical Union in Victor, and later of TU Local No. 49 in Denver. She became chair of the Typographical Union executive board.
She attended the 1905 founding convention of the Industrial Workers of the World in Chicago, where she was elected assistant secretary under general secretary-treasurer William Trautmann.
Emma Langdon became a publicist for the Western Federation of Miners, and was also with the organization when it changed its name to the International Union of Mine, Mill, and Smelter Workers. She was also an organizer for the Socialist Party of America.
## Books authored {#books_authored}
- - Multiple editions were printed (e.g., 1903--1904, and 1905). The book is considered one of the \"100 BEST BOOKS ON COLORADO\" as compiled by Thomas J. Noel ("Dr. Colorado"), Professor of History and Director of Colorado Studies and Public History, University of Colorado--Denver. John Calderwood contributed a chapter which is regarded as a rare first-person account of the Cripple Creek miners\' strike of 1894. The first edition of the book is itself quite rare, many copies having been destroyed in the \"riot
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# Ansuino da Forlì
**Ansuino da Forlì** was an Italian painter of the Quattrocento period. Born and active in Forlì and Padua in the mid-15th century, he was a member of a Forlì painting school and influenced the great Melozzo da Forlì.
He trained with Squarcione and worked with Andrea Mantegna in the Ovetari Chapel for the church of the Eremitani in Padua
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# Hotel Angel
***Hotel Angel*** (*เทพธิดาโรงแรม*, or *Theptida rong ram*, also known as *Angel*) is a 1974 Thai drama film directed by Chatrichalerm Yukol, about a young woman (Viyada Umarin) who becomes involved in the sex trade in Bangkok. The film was premiered on 2 March 1974.
Director Yukol spent nine months in a brothel researching the plot. During filming demonstrations broke out in Ratchadamnoen Avenue, Bangkok; part of the 1973 Thai popular uprising. Yukol left the studio and filmed the demonstrations, part of this footage was used in the film.
The film was inducted into the Thai National Heritage list of films in 2016.
## Plot
Malee is a farm girl from Northern Thailand who decides to sneak away to Bangkok with her boyfriend, Chate, but shortly after arriving, Chate disappears and Malee finds herself held captive in a \"love hotel\". To pay for the room, she is forced to sleep with men. At first, she is horrified by what she must do, but after a time, she becomes resigned and accepts her situation as fate.
With her debt paid, she starts to earn money working as a prostitute, giving her the ability to buy new clothes and send money home to her father, telling him she is working as a seamstress. As Malee is taking her clothes off, her father is putting new windows on his house.
Malee gains a reputation in her community as a person to be relied upon to help break new girls in. One particularly hard case refuses to be accepting as Malee was, and despite Malee\'s advice continues to be rebellious and eventually commits suicide.
Even after the death of her charming pimp (Sorapong Chatree), Malee continues until one day she is able to become independent of the sex trade. The ending is ambiguous. After being chatted up by a man, she runs to a shop to buy jeans and a shirt. Having put on these new clothes, she throws her old working clothes away and walks away.
## Cast
- Viyada Umarin as Malee
## DVD
A DVD of the film was released in Thailand on an all-region, PAL disc, with English language subtitles, by the Mangpong retail video chain
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# Red Grammer
**Robert Crane \"Red\" Grammer** (born November 28, 1952) is an American singer and songwriter.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
The East Orange, New Jersey native started college as a pre-med student at Rutgers, but he transferred to Beloit College in Wisconsin, where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in music in 1975. After several years of performing as a solo artist, he became a member of the folk group The Limeliters, replacing Glenn Yarborough. He was the guitar-playing lead tenor with the group from 1981 to 1988.
Grammer is best known for his music for children, having recorded songs made up for his young sons. His songs teach human values including truthfulness, gratitude, integrity, kindness, and fairness. His album *Be Bop Your Best* was nominated in the 2005 Grammy Awards for Best Musical Album for Children. *cELLAbration: A Tribute to Ella Jenkins*, won a Grammy Award on which Red was a featured performer.
*Teaching Peace*, named by the All Music Guide as "one of the top five children\'s recordings of all time", was the recipient of a rare Parents\' Choice Classic Award. Though it did not win any awards the year it was released, it is now considered one of Grammer\'s best albums.
Other albums for children include: \"Circle of Light: Songs for Bucket Fillers\", *Hello World*, *Down the Do-Re-Mi*, *Can You Sound Just Like Me?* and \"Red Grammer\'s Favorite Sing-along Songs.\" Albums for adults are *Soul Man in a Techno World* and *Free Falling*.
Grammer has performed in every state in the U.S. as well as in 22 other countries around the world, including China, Russia, Ukraine, and Israel.
He is often a keynote speaker and performer at national and regional educational conferences in the United States and Canada.
Grammer is a member of the Baháʼí Faith.
He met his first wife, Kathy, when they were students at Beloit College. They have two children, including pop singer Andy Grammer.
## Discography
### Children
- *Can You Sound Just Like Me?* (1983)
- *Teaching Peace* (1986) **Parents\' Choice Classic Award**; named **One of the top five children\'s recordings of all time** by All Music Guide
- *Down the Do Re Mi* (1991) **Parents\' Choice Gold Award**, **Best Children\'s Recording of 1991** Pulse Magazine
- *Red Grammer\'s Favorite Sing-Along Songs* (1993) **Early Childhood News Director\'s Choice Award**
- *Hello World* (1995) **Parents\' Choice Gold Award, USA Today Kid Pick, Early Childhood News Director\'s Choice Award, NAIRD Award**
- *Bebop Your Best* (2005) **Grammy Nominated**
- *cELLAbration: A Tribute to Ella Jenkins* (2005) (Featured artist) **Grammy Award for Best Musical Album For Children, 2005**
- \"Circle of Light: Songs for Bucket Fillers\" (2014) Won an award in 2015
### Adult
- *Free Falling* (1993)
- *Soul Man in a Techno World* (2001)
- *Alive in Concert Vols. 1 and 2* (recorded with The Limeliters)
- *Harmony* (recorded with The Limeliters)
- *Singing for the Fun* (recorded with The Limeliters)
### Children\'s DVD {#childrens_dvd}
- *Red Grammer Live in Concert: Hooray for the World* (2003)
## Books
- Everybody Up and Stars ESL series-(Oxford University Press Music)
- Teaching Peace Songbook and Teacher\'s Guide (Red Note Records)
- Great Railway Adventure Series (Learning Curve Co
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# Steve Conley (linebacker)
**Donald Steven Conley** (born January 18, 1972) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected in the third round of the 1996 NFL draft. Conley played for the Pittsburgh Steelers and the Indianapolis Colts in his three-year NFL career. He also played in the Canadian Football League (CFL) and the XFL.
Conley attended the University of Arkansas, where he was named 1st team All-SEC as a senior in 1995 after tying the Arkansas single-season QB sack record with 14. Conley helped the Razorbacks win the 1995 SEC Western Division championship, the school\'s first division title.
Conley is the younger brother of Olympic medalist Mike Conley, Sr., and the uncle of former Ohio State basketball player, and current Minnesota Timberwolves point guard Mike Conley Jr.
Conley has appeared on the TLC TV series *19 Kids and Counting* and *Counting On* as a friend of the Duggar family
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# Audiograbber
**Audiograbber** is a proprietary freeware CD audio extractor/converter program for Microsoft Windows. It was one of the first programs in the genre to become popular. The data extraction algorithm was designed by Jackie Franck and was included in the Xing Technology software package Xing Audio Catalyst in the mid-1990s.
It does not use Xing Technology\'s proprietary MP3 encoding library. Instead, it uses the LAME encoder, Ogg Vorbis encoder, WMA codec, as well as any format supported by an external command-line encoder library. The author is no longer developing this software.
Audiograbber is able to rip CDs, or record audio coming in via mic jack, or capture audio playing on the computer but not from the internet, into several formats, including WAV, MP3 and others. It performs the conversions entirely digitally, bypassing the system sound card, enabling accurate digital conversion. For convenience, it supports the freedb database of Compact Disc track listings (offline as of June 13, 2020), to allow ripped tracks, with reduced user effort, to have the names of songs, artists and albums. It also supports normalizing, ID3 tag and CD-Text support. A line-in sampling function can automatically split LP recordings into separate tracks, plus it can perform noise reduction with a proprietary VST plug-in from Algorithmix.
Prior to the release of version 1.83 in February 2004, Audiograbber was shareware. The unregistered versions of the software only allowed a random selection of half the tracks of a given CD to be extracted in each ripping session. These limitations in the software were due to a restrictive clause in an agreement between the author and Xing Technology. After the agreement expired, the software was made available as freeware with no limitations on its function.
Version 1.83 (as well as the convenient Lame plugin installer on the same site) from the developer site comes bundled with several adware like Funmoods Toolbar, Conduit Search, Zapp, VO Package, Browser Utility, AnyProtect. One has to read the installation screens carefully and deselect everything that one does not want to install.
In 2020, 1.83 (2020 Edition) was released, featuring integrated MP3 support, and it is configured to connect to the [GnuDB](https://gnudb.org)
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# Puneet Issar
**Puneet Issar** (born 6 November 1959) is an Indian actor, writer, director, producer and dialect coach best known for his works in Hindi, Bengali, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam films and television shows. Issar started his acting career as a villain in Manmohan Desai\'s 1983 film *Coolie*, but gained recognition with the portrayal of Duryodhana in B. R. Chopra\'s television series *Mahabharat* (1988--1990).
Following *Mahabharat*, Issar acted in notable films including *Chandra Mukhi* (1993), *Prem Shakti* (1994), *Ram Jaane* (1995), *Border* (1997), *Refugee* (2000), *Krrish* (2006), *Bachna Ae Haseeno* (2008), *Ready* (2011), *Son of Sardaar* (2012) and *The Kashmir Files* (2022). His first directorial was Salman Khan starrer cop film *Garv* (2004), for which he co-wrote the screenplay with wife Deepali.
Besides *Mahabharat*, Issar also went on to be part of television shows like *Param Vir Chakra* (1987), *Bharat Ek Khoj* (1988), *Junoon* (1993-1998), *Noorjahan* (1999-2000), *Mahabharat* (2013), *Parchhayee: Ghost Stories by Ruskin Bond* (2019) and *Choti Sarrdaarni* (2021). He was a contestant in the reality television show *Bigg Boss 8* (2014--2015), hosted by Salman Khan. Formerly, he worked as dialect coach at various acting institutions, and his expertise included speech, diction and physical gestures.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Puneet is the son of film director Sudesh Issar.
He belongs to a Punjabi Hindu family which migrated from Pakistan following the 1947 partition.
He is married to Deepali, the daughter of actor Daljeet Puri and sister of actor Satyajeet Puri. She has written the films *Garv: Pride and Honour* (2004) and *I Am Singh* (2011) both directed by Puneet. The couple has two children, daughter Nivriti Issar and son Siddhant Issar. Siddhant is also an actor.
Issar is a fitness and gym enthusiast. He also made some positive headlines for fitness at the age of 60.
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# Puneet Issar
## Career
Issar has starred as a villain in over 150 films, such as *Zakhmi Aurat*, *Kal Ki Aawaz*, *Palay Khan*, *Teja*, *Prem Shakti* and opposite stars like Mohanlal, Salman Khan and Akshay Kumar. He also played a villain in the Shah Rukh Khan starrer *Ram Jaane*. He appeared in the hit war film *Border*. He played the role of Parashurama in 2013 Mahabharata and Duryodhana in the epic TV series Mahabharat (1988--1990) which brought him mainstream popularity.
He played the Indian *Superman*, a Bollywood version of the Hollywood films. He played the second lead in the cult Indian horror film *Purana Mandir* in 1983. Later he did many other horror movies such as *Tehkhana* in the 1980s.
He also starred in movies such as *Krrish*, *Partner*, *Aryan*, *Bachna Ae Haseeno* and many more in the 2000s.
In 1982, he was involved in an on-shoot incident with Amitabh Bachchan during the shoot of *Coolie*. He accidentally injured Amitabh, nearly fatally, and suffered the industry\'s backlash due to it. He later admitted that he had to face a lot of problems in getting roles in movies and he also lost 7-8 films due to the notoriety of the incident.
He has also directed TV serials such as *Hindustani* and *Jai Mata Ki* starring Hema Malini. He has starred in over 12 TV serials such as *Junoon*, *Sahil*, *Noor Jahan*, *Vikram Aur Betaal* and many more. He has appeared in over 1800 episodes on Indian television. He played the role of King Bimbisara in the feature film *Gautama Buddha -- The Life and Times of Gautama Buddha*. He also starred in *Left Right Left* of the Indian Channel Sab TV. He has also worked in several Punjabi films such as *Rab Ne Banayian Jodiyan* and in a few Telugu films. He has also given a brilliant display of his acting skills in the mythological film *Suryaputra Shanidev*, which was released in 1997.
In 2004, Issar directed the film *Garv: Pride and Honour* starring Salman Khan and Shilpa Shetty in lead roles. The opening collections of the film were good, and overall it was declared \"Above Average\" at the box office. His latest directorial venture *I Am Singh*, the story of which is also written by him, released in December 2011.
In the Indian TV reality show *Bigg Boss* season 8, in 2014/2015, Issar was one of the 7 finalists. He was evicted from the show on 3 January 2015. Issar lasted in the house for 105 days. At 56, he was the oldest contestant to do so and lasted the entire season in the house. He played the role of \"Daar ji\" in *Choti Sarrdaarni*.
In 2022, Issar played DGP Hari Narain in *The Kashmir Files*, a film based on the Exodus of Kashmiri Pandits.
## Filmography
### Films
Year Title Role Language
------ ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ----------------
1983 *Coolie* Bob Hindi
1984 *Raja Aur Rana*
*Purana Mandir* Anand
1985 *3D Saamri*
1986 *Janbaaz*
*Palay Khan* Amar Singh
*Dahleez*
*Tahkhana*
1987 *Pyar Ki Jeet* Darshan Patel
*Hathyar*
*Superman* Shekhar/Superman
*Bhai Ka Dushman Bhai*
*Watan Ke Rakhwale* Akbar
*Awam*
1988 *Akhri Muqabla*
*Zakhmi Aurat* Sukhdev
*Zalzala*
*Main Tere Liye*
*Kasam*
*Maar Dhaad* Police Inspector Sangraam /Jaggu
1989 *Elaan-E-Jung*
1990 *Haar Jeet*
*Roti Ki Keemat* D\'Souza
*Tejaa*
*Jaan Lada Denge*
1991 *Sanam Bewafa* Afzal Khan
*Meet Mere Man Ke*
*Paap Ki Aandhi*
1992 *Kal Ki Awaz*
*Jaagruti*
*Suryavanshi* Mahesh
*Yoddha* Vishakha (black magician) Malayalam
1993 *Shri Krishna Bhakta Narsi* Hindi
*Chandra Mukhi* Zoohla
*Ashaant* Raana
*Anmol*
*Khal-Naaikaa* Dr
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# Agostino Apollonio
**Agostino Apollonio** was an Italian painter of the Renaissance. He was born in Sant\'Angelo in Vado, and painted around mid-1530s. He assisted his uncle Luzio Dolci. He lived in Castel Durante
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# Elvis Patterson
**Elvis Vernell** \"**Toast**\" **Patterson** (born October 21, 1960) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive back in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Giants, San Diego Chargers, Los Angeles Raiders and Dallas Cowboys. He played college football for the Kansas Jayhawks.
## Early life {#early_life}
Patterson attended Jack Yates High School. He accepted a football scholarship from the University of Kansas, where he began his career as a linebacker. As a senior, he was initially moved to defensive end, before being switched to cornerback.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
### New York Giants {#new_york_giants}
He was selected by the Jacksonville Bulls in the tenth round (210th overall) of the 1984 USFL Draft. He instead chose to sign as an undrafted free agent with the New York Giants on May 17, 1984. As a rookie, he played mainly on special teams.
In 1985, he was named the starter at left cornerback.
In 1986, he helped the team win Super Bowl XXI.
Patterson\'s nickname of \"Toast\" is a rather unflattering one that was given to him by Bill Parcells during his days as a Giant; the name comes from his knack for allowing wide receivers to make big plays while he was covering them. He was surprisingly waived on September 15, 1987, after a Monday Night Football performance against the Chicago Bears where he had to leave the game in two occasions with leg cramps and his coverage was badly beaten by Willie Gault (it was later claimed that the night before he was out partying).
### San Diego Chargers {#san_diego_chargers}
After the players went on a strike on the third week of the 1987 season, those games were canceled (reducing the 16 game season to 15) and the NFL decided that the games would be played with replacement players. Patterson was signed to be a part of the San Diego Chargers replacement team. He ended up playing well as the left cornerback starter, and was kept for the rest of the year, recording 8 additional starts. After three inconsistent seasons, he was left unprotected in Plan B free agency in 1990.
### Los Angeles Raiders {#los_angeles_raiders}
On April 2, 1990, he signed as a Plan B free agent with the Los Angeles Raiders. He was waived on September 3 and later re-signed. He became a special teams standout and earned the nickname Ghost. He was a special teams captain for three years.
On October 13, 1993, he was traded along with a seventh round pick (#216-Toddrick McIntosh) to the Dallas Cowboys, in exchange for a fifth round (#159-Roosevelt Patterson) and a seventh round draft choice (#217-Rob Holmberg).
### Dallas Cowboys {#dallas_cowboys}
In 1993, he played mainly on special teams, registering 13 special teams tackles (fourth on the team) and was a part of the Super Bowl XXVIII Championship team. He wasn\'t re-signed after the season.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
After his successful career as an NFL defensive back, he soon found success in coaching. In 2005 Patterson coached a middle school football team, the Lakewood Cougars, to a winning 5-2 season. In 2009, he was the head coach for Northeast H.S. (KCMO) Placing 1st in the division (5A)-Interscholastic League, Awarded Coach of the year by the Kansas City Chiefs Alumni (Kimble Anders) along with his Assistant Coaching staff. Head Coach-Elvis Patterson / Assist. Head Coach-Gregory Martin Jr. (Greg Martin). Elvis Patterson defense coordinator, Gregory Martin, Jr. offensive coordinator came together and these coaches gave Northeast their first All-American/ All-State player (Kawann Parrish) along with two candidates for All-American, and their first winning season in twenty years. Regular season (3-4), Districts (0-3) due to technicalities.
In 2010, Elvis established a sporting events company, where he is CEO/Commissioner and head coach
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# 1964 New York Film Critics Circle Awards
**30th New York Film Critics Circle Awards**\
January 23, 1965\
(announced December 28, 1964)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
**My Fair Lady**
The **30th New York Film Critics Circle Awards**, honored the best filmmaking of 1964.
## Winners
- **Best Actor:**
- Rex Harrison - *My Fair Lady*
- **Best Actress:**
- Kim Stanley - *Séance on a Wet Afternoon*
- **Best Director:**
- Stanley Kubrick - *Dr
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# Yumio Nasu
was a major general and a division commander in the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) during World War II.
## Biography
A native of Tochigi Prefecture, Nasu graduated from the 25th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1913 and from the 35th class of the Army Staff College in 1923. He served in various staff positions within the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff, and was assigned to the Taiwan Army of Japan in 1917. In 1935 he served on the staff of the Kwantung Army and participated in Operation Chahar. Nasu was promoted to major general in 1940, and became commander of the IJA 3rd Infantry Brigade.
Nasu commanded a detachment (named after him) during the Battle of Java in the Dutch East Indies campaign. Landing on March 1, 1942, the detachment rapidly progressed across Western Java, facing its heaviest resistance in the Battle of Leuwiliang against primarily Australian troops commanded by Arthur Blackburn.
During the Guadalcanal campaign Nasu landed on Guadalcanal with the IJA 2nd Division during the first week of October 1942 in response to the Allied landings on the island. Nasu commanded one of the 2nd Division\'s large infantry groups, comprising infantry battalions from several regiments during the resulting October Matanikau action and Battle for Henderson Field. On October 25, 1942, while leading his troops against United States positions, Nasu was mortally wounded by rifle fire and died early the next morning.
He was posthumously promoted to lieutenant general
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# Rolls-Royce Phantom Drophead Coupé
Rolls-Royce Phantom}} `{{Infobox automobile
| name = Rolls-Royce Phantom Drophead Coupé
| image = 4rrpdh.jpg
| manufacturer = [[Rolls-Royce Motor Cars]]
| production = 2007–2016
| assembly = United Kingdom: [[West Sussex]], [[England]] ([[Goodwood plant]])
| class = [[Full-size luxury car]] ([[F-segment|F]])<br>[[Grand Tourer]] ([[S-Segment|S]])
| body_style = 2-door [[convertible]]
| platform =
| related = [[Rolls-Royce Phantom Coupé]]
| layout = [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|FR layout]]
| engine = {{convert|6749|cc|cuin|0|abbr=on}} [[V12 engine|V12]]
| transmission = 6-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]], 8-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]]
| wheelbase = {{convert|3320|mm|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|5609|mm|in||abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1987|mm|in||abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1581|mm|in||abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|2620|kg|lb||abbr=on}}
| predecessor = [[Rolls-Royce Corniche (2000)|Rolls-Royce Corniche V]]
| successor = [[Rolls-Royce Dawn]]
| doors = [[Suicide door|Coach doors]]
| sp =
| designer = [[Ian Cameron (car designer)|Ian Cameron]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a18200323/2008-rolls-royce-phantom-drophead-coupe-auto-shows/ |title= 2008 Rolls-Royce Phantom Drophead Coupe Debut |first=Ray |last=Hutton |publisher=[[Car and Driver]] |date=1 December 2006 |access-date=18 October 2024}}</ref>
}}`{=mediawiki}
The **Rolls-Royce Phantom Drophead Coupé** is a luxury grand tourer manufactured by Rolls-Royce that debuted at the 2007 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, Michigan, on 7 January 2007. It is based on the 2003 Rolls-Royce Phantom and has styling heavily derived from the 100EX, a concept car shown to celebrate the company\'s centennial in 2004. Several Drophead Coupés were used in the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony.
## Exterior
The exterior resembles that of the 100EX. The 2-door 4-seat convertible has rearward opening coach doors and a two-tone color scheme that distinguishes between the upper and lower bodywork and frames the teak wood paneling of the convertible\'s tonneau cover. However, it eschews the EX\'s aluminum bonnet in favor of more easily maintained stainless steel.
The front fascia resembles that of the 100EX but its middle bodywork/raised bonnet/grille assemblage stops midway down rather than continuing downwards and bisecting the front bumper. The headlamps are also those of the 100EX/101EX concept and are similar to the Phantom\'s. The deep set rectangular high beams are LED units while the round \"faux-foglamp\" driving lights are projector-style xenon arc lamps. The exterior is available in more than 44,000 color combinations.
It combines aluminum technology and hand-crafted materials. As with other current Rolls-Royce models, the hood ornament, the Spirit of Ecstasy, automatically retracts into the bonnet whenever the car is locked or whenever the driver so chooses.
## Interior
The interior has wood veneering that wraps around the 8/9ths top portion of the cabin from coach door to coach door and ends in a crafted convertible tonneau cover, finished in teak panelling sandwiched between an interior band of contrasting hardwood and the bare stainless steel motif of the car\'s upper exterior bodywork. Like the 100EX and 101EX, the dashboard and the steering wheel are from the Phantom.
Triangular A-pillars with quarter glass, and spring-loaded pop-up rollover hoops behind the rear seats, provide additional strength and protection for the convertible body.
## Production
In its first year on the market (2007), 253 Drophead Coupés were sold worldwide.
The first car destined for the U.S. market was auctioned at the 2007 Naples, Florida Winter Wine festival charity for \$2 million, of which \$1.6 million went to the Naples Children and Education Foundation. Bought by a local real estate developer, this was believed at the time to be the most expensive new car ever sold in the U.S. The 2012 Rolls Royce Drophead Coupe Series 1, is the most desirable and very last Drophead Coupe to resemble the Rolls-Royce 100EX prototype, only seven unrivalled right hand drive cars were built for selective customers. In that same year, Rolls Royce presented the new Drophead Coupe Series 2 at the 2012 Geneva Motor Show. Rolls Royce discontinued the Drophead Coupe in 2016 and made the very last Drophead Coupe \"Last of Last Edition\" in 2017. Around this period, the Drophead Coupe was deemed the most expensive Rolls Royce in the British car company\'s history. This statement has now been handed over to the Rolls-Royce Boat Tail, which predominantly resembles the Drophead Coupe Series 1. Prices for the Rolls Royce Boat Tail start from \$28 Million for the world\'s wealthiest hand picked client\'s.
## Concepts
In 2007 Pininfarina was commissioned to build a version called the Hyperion for collector Roland Hall, based on the Drophead Coupé. The car is a 2-seat roadster and was shown in 2008 at the Pebble Beach Concours d\'Elegance. In 2009 it was sold for £4,000,000
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# Alessandro Araldi
**Alessandro Araldi** (c. 1460 -- c. 1529) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance, active mainly in Parma.
Little is known of his biography. He apparently assisted with contemporary Cristoforo Caselli (il Temperello). His work shows the influences of the school of Melozzo da Forlì and of early Venetian Renaissance painters such as Giovanni Bellini and the Vivarini, but also Lorenzo Costa from Ferrara. He painted frescoes in the Benedictine monastery of San Paolo. He also painted two scenes with the story of St. Catherine, the *Dispute before the emperor Maximilian* and *St. Catherine and St. Jerome*, including an odd Annunciation (1514), for the abbess Giovanna da Piacenza (1514). Antonio Allegri (Correggio) would complete his own masterpiece frescoes for the abbess in a strikingly different, and for the age, more modern style.
## Gallery
<File:Alessandro> araldi, volta con scene bibliche, 1514, 01.jpg\|Vault with Biblical scenes (1514) <File:Alessandro> araldi, volta con scene bibliche, 1514, 08.jpg\|Vault <File:Alessandro> araldi, volta con scene bibliche, 1514, pennacchi 08.jpg\|Vault <File:Alessandro> araldi, lunette con scene di devozione e di sacrificio, 1514, 05.jpg\|Lunette with scenes of devotion and sacrifice (1514) <File:Alessandro> araldi, lunette con scene di devozione e di sacrificio, 1514, 04.jpg\|Lunette <File:Alessandro> araldi, sposalizio della vergine, 1519, 02.jpg\|*Marriage of the Virgin* (1519) <File:Araldi> catParma
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# Paul Loicq
**Paul Loicq** (11 August 1888 -- 26 March 1953) was a Belgian lawyer, businessman and ice hockey player, coach, referee and administrator. He played ice hockey for Belgium men\'s national ice hockey team and won four bronze medals from in 1910 to 1914. He was a leading supporter of the efforts to introduce ice hockey at the Olympic Games, and served on the organizing committee for ice hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics. After playing in the 1920 Olympics he served as president of the Royal Belgian Ice Hockey Federation from 1920 to 1935, and as president of the Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace (LIHG) from 1922 to 1947, which was later known as the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). During his time as president the LIHG more than doubled its membership and welcomed the first national associations from Asia and Africa, and the LIHG began hosting its annual Ice Hockey World Championships in 1930. He was also an international ice hockey referee from 1924 to 1937 at the Olympic Games, the Ice Hockey World Championships and the Ice Hockey European Championships. He served in the Belgian Army during World War I and World War II, achieved the rank of colonel, and represented Belgium as legal counsel at the Nuremberg trials.
Loicq was posthumously inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in the builder\'s category in 1961. He was the first European to be inducted, and was credited as the main person who introduced hockey to the Olympics. He inducted into the inaugural class of the IIHF Hall of Fame in 1997, and was credited for growing the game of hockey in Europe and raising its worldwide profile. The IIHF established the Paul Loicq Award in 1998, given to recognize an individual for outstanding contributions to the development of international ice hockey.
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# Paul Loicq
## Early life and playing years {#early_life_and_playing_years}
Loicq was born 11 August 1888 in Brussels, Belgium.{{#tag:ref\|Several birthdates are published for Paul Loicq. The most common is 11 August 1888, in Brussels, Belgium. Other published dates include 1 August 1888, and the year 1890.\|group=notes}} He was a speed skater as a youth, and later adapted to playing hockey. He played as a right winger for FP Bruxelles from the 1905--06 to 1910--11 seasons, and then played for Cercle des Patineurs Bruxelles (CDP Bruxelles) from the 1911--12 to 1913--14 seasons. He played on the Belgium men\'s national ice hockey team at the Ice Hockey European Championships in the 1910, 1911, and 1914 competitions. The Belgians placed third and won a bronze medal in each of the three years he played. Loicq also played for the national team at the 1912 LIHG Championship and won bronze. He played in three consecutive Belgian Championships with CDP Bruxelles from 1912 to 1914, and was a national champion in 1914.
Loicq\'s ice hockey career went on hiatus during World War I. He resumed playing for CDP Bruxelles from the 1919--20 to 1922--23 seasons. He served as the player-coach for the Belgian national team in the winter of 1919--20, and was the team\'s captain in ice hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics. Belgium played an international friendly with the Ice Skating Club de Paris, and lost its sole match at the Olympics by a 0--8 score to the Sweden men\'s national ice hockey team. Loicq returned to play with the Belgian national team in 1921, during an international match with Club des Sports d\'Hiver de Paris in 1921, and made his final playing appearance with the team at the Ice Hockey European Championship 1925.
## Military and business career {#military_and_business_career}
Loicq graduated from university in Brussels as a lawyer. As a businessman, he was in charge of a company which produced medicinal cotton wool. He served in the Belgian Army during World War I, and earned a citation for bravery. He was a leader in the Belgian Resistance against the German occupation of Belgium during World War II, and rose to the rank of colonel. After the conclusion of the war, Loicq acted as legal representation for Belgium at the Nuremberg trials.
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# Paul Loicq
## Belgian sport administrator {#belgian_sport_administrator}
Loicq was actively involved in organization and management sports as an athlete. He served as president of the Skaters Club of Brussels, the Belgian Federation of Skaters and the Belgian League for Winter Sports. He was also a leading supporter of the efforts to introduce ice hockey at the Olympic Games. His efforts were rewarded in January 1920, when the choice was made to include ice hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics. Five teams from Europe agreed to play along with Canada and the United States. The Palais de Glace d\'Anvers in Antwerp hosted both hockey and the corresponding figure skating events. Loicq served on the Belgian organizing committee for the hockey tournament at the Olympics. The games used the Canadian ice hockey rules, and the Bergvall system to determine medal winning teams.
Loicq served as president of the Royal Belgian Ice Hockey Federation (RBIHF) from 1920 to 1935. He succeeded Henri Van den Bulcke, who was the founding president of the RBIHF. When the indoor ice rink in Brussels closed in 1923, the RBIHF was left with only the rink in Antwerp for its indoor matches. Loicq served as head coach of Belgium at the Ice Hockey European Championship 1927. He led Belgium to a silver medal, and a second-place finish to the Austria men\'s national ice hockey team. His team included captain Willy Kreitz as the best player of the tournament, and Pierre Van Reysschoot. Belgium was given the fair play trophy, which was awarded for the first time in 1927. Belgium lost the ice palace in Antwerp due to a fire in 1928. Loicq later arranged Belgian Championships on frozen ponds until three new rinks opened in Brussels between 1933 and 1935.
Loicq also served as vice-president of the Belgian Olympic Committee, and confirmed that Belgium would participate in the 1932 Winter Olympics hosted in Lake Placid, New York. During the bid process for the 1932 Winter Olympics, Loicq abstained in discussions on the downsizing of the Olympic event schedule.
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# Paul Loicq
## LIHG president {#lihg_president}
Loicq was elected president of the Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace (LIHG) in 1922 to succeed Max Sillig. Loicq served in the role for 25 years until 1947 during a period of growth for the LIHG.{{#tag:ref\|Several sources indicate that Loicq was elected LIHG president in 1927, however the IIHF web site states 1922 in its history, and multiple other sources indicate he was president from 1922 to 1947.\|group=notes}} The federation expanded from 11 national member associations based in Europe and North America to 27 members globally in 1947,{{#tag:ref\|The number of associations is counted as per the history on the IIHF web site. The number of members is also cited by national association at the list of members of the International Ice Hockey Federation.\|group=notes}} including Japan in 1930 as the first member from Asia, and South Africa in 1937 as the first member from Africa.
In 1924, Loicq and the LIHG assisted in organizing a hockey tournament at the *International Winter Sports Week* held in Chamonix, France. The International Olympic Committee retroactively recognized this event as ice hockey at the 1924 Winter Olympics. The games were played outside on natural ice, and used a two-tier round-robin format to replace the Bergvall system. In 1928, the LIHG decided that ice hockey at the 1928 Winter Olympics would also determine the European Championship, instead of hosting a separate event. The 1928 event included 11 teams, the most number of participants at the time. Sweden won the silver medal at the Olympics, and were crowned European champions at the same time. After the increased participation at the Olympic Games, the LIHG congress decided that Ice Hockey World Championships would be hosted annually starting in 1930. The World Championships also doubled as the European Championships thereafter. The 1930 World Ice Hockey Championships was the first annual event, and was scheduled to play outdoors in Chamonix, France. The natural ice melted and the event relocated to indoor venues in Berlin and Vienna for the final matches.
Loicq had several disagreements with the planning of ice hockey at the 1932 Winter Olympics. He stated that \"according to the Olympic statutes it is the International and not the National Federation which is in charge of organizing the Games. It would be preferable that the harmony should be restored between the International Federation and the American Ice Hockey Federation\". The International Society of Olympic Historians felt the dispute came from the Amateur Athletic Union controlling the selection of American amateur teams for the Olympics on behalf of the United States Olympic Committee, and the ensuing power struggle with the LIHG. There was also a disagreement in the number of players on hockey teams. The LIHG stated it should be 14, whereas the organizing committee published 13 players. When the 1932 tournament was played, only four teams participated, with only two European associations making the trip due to difficulties of raising funds to pay for long-distance travel during the Great Depression. The European teams instead played at the Ice Hockey European Championship 1932 with nine teams participating. The 1932 event was the final time that the European Championships were held separately from the World Championships.
Ice hockey at the 1936 Winter Olympics was hosted in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, with games being played at the partially-covered Olympia-Kunsteisstadion on artificial ice, and on natural ice at Riessersee. The number of participating nations rebounded from the 1932 Olympics with an increase to 15. The tournament saw the Great Britain men\'s national ice hockey team which included British-Canadian dual citizens capture the gold medal, over the defending champion Canada men\'s national ice hockey team which won silver. Loicq mediated two protests by the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) for the hockey tournament. The CAHA had originally protested the use of two players by Great Britain which were suspended by the CAHA. Loicq agreed that the suspended players could not be used in the Olympics, but Canada relented on its protest on the eve of the Olympics due to international pressure, and not being aware that Loicq had agreed to the suspensions. He later called an emergency meeting regarding the format of the finals protested by Canada, which was denied in a vote of delegates. He later denied accusations from Canadian Amateur Hockey Association president E. A. Gilroy that the rules were changed during the event.
In February 1937, the LIHG passed resolutions in wake of discussions began during the previous Olympics. The LIHG decided to award future World Championships only to countries with an artificial ice rink available for the games. Exhibition games between professional and amateur teams were now allowed, and national associations were given control over sanctioning events for both amateurs and professionals in their respective countries. The LIHG also allowed up to two professionals on an amateur team in international competition, and that a player must represent his country of birth unless he was a five-year resident of the adoptive country he wished to play for. Loicq felt that the resolutions were passed since member associations did not want to play against multiple teams in the British Empire with Canadian-trained players. He was also expected to report on investigations into professionalism in the amateur game at the World Championships. In 1937, the LIHG decided to host World Championships only in non-Olympic years, and to recognize the Olympic ice hockey tournament as the World Championship for that year.
The LIHG did not host any World Championships or Olympic tournaments from 1939 to 1946 due to World War II, and had not held a congress in seven years until meeting in Brussels in 1946. During the war, Loicq permitted W. G. Hardy of the CAHA and the International Ice Hockey Association to continue negotiating working agreements with the Amateur Hockey Association of the United States. The World Championship resumed in 1947, and Loicq completed one final year as president of the LIHG. He resigned during the 1947 congress after 25 years as president, and was succeeded by Fritz Kraatz from Switzerland.
## Hockey referee career {#hockey_referee_career}
Loicq was an international ice hockey referee from 1924 to 1937, which coincided with his presidency of the LIHG. During this time he officiated at the Winter Olympic Games, Ice Hockey World Championships and the Ice Hockey European Championships. Some notable games for Loicq at the Olympics include the decisive match in ice hockey at the 1924 Winter Olympics, where Canada defeated the United States for the gold medal; the match between Canada and Sweden in ice hockey at the 1928 Winter Olympics; and the match between Canada and Austria in ice hockey at the 1936 Winter Olympics. He worked at least 60 international matches during his career, and founded the International College of Referees to grow the talent pool of officials.
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# Paul Loicq
## Personal life and death {#personal_life_and_death}
Loicq\'s son Gaston played as a defenceman for CDP Bruxelles during the 1939--40 season. Paul Loicq died 26 March 1953, in Sint-Genesius-Rode, Belgium.
## Legacy and honors {#legacy_and_honors}
Loicq was named honorary president of the LIHG upon his resignation in 1947. He was posthumously voted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1960, and the Belgian Olympic Committee presented his widow with the Hall of Fame crest. He was formally inducted into the Hall of Fame\'s builder category in 1961. He became the first European to be inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, and is the only Belgian to be inducted as of 2019. Journalist Andy O\'Brien said that, \"Loicq personifies the justification for the shrine\". Both O\'Brien and the Canadian Press credited Loicq as the main person who introduced hockey to the Olympics.
Loicq and 30 others were honored by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) in the inaugural class of inductees into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 1997. He was posthumously inducted at a ceremony in Helsinki, during the 1997 Men\'s World Ice Hockey Championships. He was inducted into the builder\'s category, and is the only inductee from Belgium as of 2019. The IIHF Hall of Fame credits Loicq for growing the game of hockey in Europe and raising its worldwide profile through the foundation of the Ice Hockey World Championships and the Olympic Games competitions. The Hockey Hall of Fame states that Loicq was a \"dedicated organizer\" who spent a lifetime involved in the game, was \"respected for his project management skills\" and a \"visionary\" who was the \"brain on the national and international scene\".
The IIHF established the Paul Loicq Award in 1998 to further recognize his legacy. The award is given to recognize an individual for outstanding contributions to the development of international ice hockey, and is handed out at the same time as the hall of fame induction.
Royal Belgian Ice Hockey Federation president Pascal Nuchelmans said in 2013, that the federation wants to establish its own hall of fame which would include prominent recognition of Loicq. Nuchelmans also stated, \"Loicq is the start of everything. He put Belgian hockey on the map\", and that \"Loicq contributed to the great strides that were made in increasing the sport throughout Europe in the 20th century\"
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# Barn door tracker
A **barn door tracker,** also known as a Haig or Scotch mount, is a device used to cancel out the diurnal motion of the Earth for the observation or photography of astronomical objects. It is a simple alternative to attaching a camera to a motorized equatorial mount.
## History
The barn door tracker was created by George Haig. His plans were first published in *Sky & Telescope* magazine in April 1975. Modified versions of the tracker were published in the magazine\'s February 1988 and June 2007 editions.
In late 2002 and early 2003, NASA astronaut Don Pettit, part of International Space Station Expedition 6, constructed a barn door tracker using spare parts he had accumulated from around the space station, permitting sharper high resolution images of city lights at night from the ISS.
`{{multiple image
| direction = vertical
| width = 120
| header= ''Mount designs''
| image1 = Scotch mount.png
| caption1 = Haig (tangent) mount
| image2 = Isoscele-mount.png
| caption2 = Isosceles mount
| image3 = Curved rod mount.png
| caption3 = Curved rod mount
| image4 = Double-arm-mount.png
| caption4 = Double arm mount
| image5 = Corrected-scotch-mount.png
| caption5 = Scotch mount with corrective cam
}}`{=mediawiki}
## Mount design alternatives {#mount_design_alternatives}
A simple single-arm barn door tracker can be made by attaching two pieces of wood together with a hinge. A camera is mounted on the top board, usually with some sort of ball joint to allow the camera to be pointed in any direction. The hinge is aligned with a celestial pole and the boards are then driven apart (or together) at a constant rate, usually by turning a threaded rod or bolt. This is called a tangent drive.
This type of mount is good for approximately 5--10 minutes before tracking errors become evident when using a 50 mm lens. This is due to the *tangent error*. That length of time can be increased to about 20 minutes when using an isosceles mount. A curved drive bolt in lieu of either a straight tangent or isosceles mount will greatly extend the useful tracking time.
These designs were further improved upon by Dave Trott, whose designs were published in the February 1988 issue of *Sky & Telescope.* By using a second arm to drive the camera platform - making fabrication slightly less simple - tracking accuracy is greatly increased, allowing exposure times of up to one hour. The most accurate of these designs is Type-4. A modified double arm design minimizes tangent error by raising the point of rotation of the arm on which the camera is mounted. This has the effect of tilting the arc traced by the camera arm backwards causing it to follow a better path.
A basic geometrical analysis of the tangent error shows that it can be fully compensated for by inserting a specially shaped piece between the threaded rod and the top board. Such solution was already known for a long time before the original G. Haig publication.
The most basic of these designs are manually operated, even though an optional electric motor or stepper motor (considered in Trott\'s original design) automates and improves the accuracy of tracking, while considerably reducing the likelihood of platform vibrations that could result from manipulating the device; i.e., manually advancing the drive rod.
## Double arm (Type 4) design and building plans {#double_arm_type_4_design_and_building_plans}
Reportedly, Dave Trott\'s two-arm Type 4 design can potentially reduce trailing error to 1 arc second per hour, allowing for very long trail-less exposures, even in combination with long (200mm +) lenses. However, detailed building plans have apparently never been published.\
Ideally, this drive requires a 1 RPM stepper motor on a 1/4\" 20 pitch drive rod, but for shorter exposures on a stable platform (tripod), a well designed type-4 barn-door tracker is supposed to produce very acceptable results even when manually advancing the drive in 15 or 10 second sequential steps in order to achieve one full revolution per minute.\
Now, detailed 1:1 building plans for the design can be found [here](http://gerardprins.com/PDF/heavy-duty-double-arm-barndoor-building-plans.pdf). A key modification of the original design is the hinged suspension of the drive rod, which avoids binding, as well as a central tripod mount that can be moved along the supporting truss tubes to better balance for lighter or heavier loads according to their orientation.\
For proper polar alignment, a 3-way tripod or azimuth wedge is required. The latter is not included in the design plan
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# St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cemetery
**St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cemetery** is an Eastern Catholic cemetery in Bethel Park, Pennsylvania, United States, a suburb approximately 5 mi south of downtown Pittsburgh. It is situated on a hillside in the southwest corner of the intersection of Connor Road and Pennsylvania State Route 88.
As an ethnic parish cemetery, it primarily serves members of St. John the Baptist Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church on Pittsburgh\'s South Side, as well as others of Rusyn and Ukrainian descent from the Byzantine Catholic Metropolitan Church of Pittsburgh.
The cemetery was established in 1923 when the church bought a 20 acre farm in a rural part of Allegheny County. Since then, suburban growth has spread to meet the graveyard. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania took part of the cemetery grounds to expand Connor Road, and the Port Authority of Allegheny County annexed more of its land for a trolley station.
## Notable interments {#notable_interments}
The cemetery is best known as the burial site of the American artist Andy Warhol and his parents. Warhol\'s fans make pilgrimages to this cemetery and leave tokens including cans of soup on his grave stone to honor his life
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# 1965 New York Film Critics Circle Awards
**31st New York Film Critics Circle Awards**\
January 29, 1966\
(announced December 27, 1965)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Best Picture:\
**Darling**
The 31st New York Film Critics Circle Awards honored the best filmmaking of 1965
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# Heath and Holmewood
**Heath and Holmewood**, formerly just **Heath** is a civil parish forming part of the district of North East Derbyshire, in the county of Derbyshire, England. As its name suggests, the main settlements in the parish are Heath and Holmewood. In 2011 it had a population of 2953.
On 5 January 1987 the parish was rename from \"Heath\" to \"Heath and Holmewood\"
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# 1966 New York Film Critics Circle Awards
**32nd New York Film Critics Circle Awards**\
January 29, 1967\
(announced December 27, 1966)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Best Picture:\
**A Man for All Seasons**
The **32nd New York Film Critics Circle Awards**, honored the best filmmaking of 1966
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1966 New York Film Critics Circle Awards
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# Jinshanling
**Jinshanling** (`{{zh|s=金山岭|t=金山嶺|p=Jīnshānlǐng}}`{=mediawiki}) is a section of the Great Wall of China located in the mountainous area in Luanping County, Chengde, Hebei Province, 125 km (78 miles) northeast of Beijing. This section of the wall is connected with the Simatai section to the east. Some distance to the west lies the Mutianyu section. Jinshanling was built from 1570 CE during the Ming dynasty.
## Description
The Jinshanling section of the Great Wall is 10.5 km (6.5 miles) long with 5 passes, 67 towers and 3 beacon towers. The initial section of the wall has been restored to original condition, but the condition of the wall deteriorates towards its natural state as it approaches Simatai. The entrance fee is 65 RMB. A cable car (40 RMB) has been constructed to take visitors to the highest point along the wall. There is an additional admission charge of 50 RMB to continue on to the Simatai section, and a 5 RMB fee to cross the suspension bridge.
## Gallery
<File:The> Great Wall of China at Jinshanling-edit.jpg\|Jinshanling <File:Jinshanling3.jpg%7CView> of Great Wall at Jinshanling, in the early morning <File:Jinshanling1.jpg%7CJinshanling> <File:Jinshanling2.jpg%7CJinshanling> section of the Great Wall of China <File:Phillipvn2.jpg%7CJinshanling> <File:Jinshanling-facing-west-2019-Luka-Peternel.jpg%7CJinshanling> section (facing west) <File:Jinshanling-facing-east-2019-Luka-Peternel
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# Dave Widell
**David Harold Widell, Jr.** (born May 14, 1965) is an American former professional football guard and tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys, Denver Broncos, Jacksonville Jaguars, and Atlanta Falcons. He played college football at Boston College.
## Early life {#early_life}
Widell attended South Catholic High School in Connecticut, where he originally played the trombone in the school band. In football, he played at tight end and nose tackle. He didn\'t start until his junior season. He received All-state honors at both positions as a senior.
He also was the center for the basketball team.
## College career {#college_career}
Widell accepted a football scholarship to play at Boston College. As a redshirt freshman, he was a backup at left tackle. He also was named the team\'s long snapper on special teams mid-way through the season.
As a sophomore, he was part of a platoon at the center position. In his last 2 seasons, he was named the starter at right tackle.
In 2003, he was inducted into the Boston College Varsity Club Athletic Hall of Fame.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
### Dallas Cowboys {#dallas_cowboys}
Widell was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the fourth round (94th overall) of the 1988 NFL draft. He started at right tackle against the Pittsburgh Steelers while second-year player Kevin Gogan was serving a 30 day suspension, and became just the second rookie in franchise history to start a season opener at offensive tackle (Ralph Neely was the first). Later in the season, injuries to Mark Tuinei and Daryle Smith, allowed him to start 8 game at left tackle.
In 1989, he started 2 contests at right tackle in place of an injured Gogan. From games 10 to 14, he was a part of a platoon with Gogan at right tackle, with Widell being used mostly on passing situations. He missed the season finale with a sprained right knee injury.
On August 24, 1990, he was traded to the Denver Broncos in exchange for a seventh round selection in 1991 (#173-Leon Lett) and an eighth round selection in 1992 (#222-Mike Pawlawski).
### Denver Broncos {#denver_broncos}
In 1990, he joined his brother Doug Widell (who was also his teammate at Boston College) with the Denver Broncos, becoming the first brothers in the NFL\'s modern era to play together on the same offensive line. He appeared in all 16 games, serving as the long snapper for punts and started at left guard in the final 5 contests.
In 1991, he started two games at left guard, including the season opener against the Cincinnati Bengals. He replaced an injured Keith Kartz as the starting center for the playoff games against the Houston Oilers and the Buffalo Bills.
In 1992, he appeared in all 16 games, starting the season opener at center against the Los Angeles Rams. He also was named the team\'s long snapper.
In 1993, he started a total of 15 games. He started the first contests at left guard, the next five at center and five of the last six at left guard. He was declared inactive in the fifteenth game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He was the team\'s long snapper on the punt unit.
In 1994, he started all 16 games at center. Widell only missed one game with the Broncos, while playing at guard, tackle, center and long snapper.
### Jacksonville Jaguars {#jacksonville_jaguars}
On March 15, 1995, he signed as a free agent with the Jacksonville Jaguars, reuniting with Tom Coughlin, who was his offensive coordinator as a redshirt freshman in college. He was named the franchise\'s first starting center.
In 1996, he appeared in 15 games with 14 starts at center. He missed 2 offensive snaps with a sprained knee for the first time as a Jaguar, during the second game against the Houston Oilers. He played the entire fifth game against the Carolina Panthers, despite having a torn meniscus in his right knee. He missed the next game against the New Orleans Saints, while recovering from knee surgery. He did not start in the seventh game against the New York Jets, but still took over at center in the second quarter. He played only in the first offensive series of the divisional playoff game against the Denver Broncos, after suffering a strained left calf, but still remained in the game as the long snapper on the special teams units.
In 1997, he started at center for the first 8 games of the season, before being passed on the depth chart by Michael Cheever. He returned to the starting lineup in the thirteenth game to replace an injured Cheever.
### Atlanta Falcons {#atlanta_falcons}
On May 11, 1998, Widell signed as a free agent with the Atlanta Falcons, reuniting with Dan Reeves who was his head coach with the Denver Broncos. He was declared inactive in 14 games and played in only one contest. He was also a part of the Atlanta Falcons\' Super Bowl XXXIII losing team. He was released on February 17, 1999
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# Ahuacatlán Municipality, Puebla
**Ahuacatlán Municipality** is a *municipio* (municipality) located in the Sierra Norte region of the Mexican state of Puebla. The seat of the *ayuntamiento* (municipal government) is the town of Ahuacatlán. The municipality is located in the northeastern portion of Puebla, approximately 124 km (77.1 mi) to the north of the state capital, the city of Puebla. Ahuacatlán has an area of some 94.4 km^2^, and according to INEGI figures had a 2005 population of 13,745 inhabitants.
The name comes from the Nahuatl *ahuacatl* (\"avocado\") and *tlan* (\"place\"): it thus means \"place of avocados\"
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# Bill Bidwill
**William Vogel Bidwill** (July 31, 1931 -- October 2, 2019) was an American businessman and the owner of the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). He had co-owned the team from 1962 for ten seasons with his brother Charles Jr. and had been sole owner from 1972 until his death in 2019.
The team has been owned by the Bidwill family since 1932. Bill's father, Charles Sr., purchased the then-Chicago Cardinals for \$50K (the equivalent of \~\$918K in 2018).
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Born in Chicago, Bidwill and his elder brother Charles were adopted by Charles and Violet Bidwill, owners of the then-Chicago Cardinals. Bidwill attended Georgetown Preparatory School, then enlisted in the U.S. Navy until 1956. He went to college at Georgetown University, and after his graduation, moved to St. Louis a few months before the Cardinals moved there.
## Professional sports {#professional_sports}
### Chicago Cardinals {#chicago_cardinals}
Charles Bidwill purchased the team, then known as the Chicago Cardinals, from David Jones in 1933. After his death at age 51 in 1947, his widow authorized business partner Ray Bennigsen to carry on management of the team. Violet Bidwill married St. Louis businessman Walter Wolfner in 1949 and he later became managing director.
### St. Louis Cardinals {#st._louis_cardinals}
Prior to the 1960 season, Violet moved the Cardinals to St. Louis. Charles Jr. and Bill inherited the team after their mother\'s death in January 1962, and served as co-owners for ten seasons, until Bill purchased it outright in 1972. Among NFL franchises, only the Chicago Bears and New York Giants have been controlled by one family longer than the Cardinals.
### Arizona Cardinals {#arizona_cardinals}
Bidwill\'s ownership was marked by little success. In his `{{Age|1962|1|30}}`{=mediawiki} years as at least part-owner, the Cardinals only made the playoffs eight times (1974, 1975, 1982, 1998, 2008, 2009, 2014, and 2015) and had only nine other winning seasons. He moved the team to Phoenix, Arizona prior to the 1988 season after St. Louis refused to build a new stadium to replace Busch Memorial Stadium. Bidwill had also publicly pledged to support a future effort to gain an expansion franchise for St. Louis. Instead, he voted to approve a new franchise in Jacksonville, Florida. However, St. Louis eventually gained a new franchise anyway, the relocated Los Angeles Rams in 1995. The Rams returned to Los Angeles in 2016.
Bidwill had a reputation for running the Cardinals rather cheaply; the Cardinals had one of the lowest payrolls in the league for many years. Following the move to State Farm Stadium in 2006, the team began to spend more money. The increased revenue paid off in 2008, when the Cardinals won their division for the first time since 1975 (when the team was based in St. Louis), hosted a playoff game for only the second time in franchise history (the previous coming in 1947 as a Chicago team) and advanced to Super Bowl XLIII. They won two more division titles in 2009 and 2015.
On September 11, 2022, Bidwill was inducted into the Arizona Cardinals Ring of Honor at a halftime ceremony where he is honored along with his father Charles.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Bidwill ceded most day-to-day control over the Cardinals to his sons Michael and Bill Jr., who serve as team president and vice president, respectively. Bidwill also had two other sons, Patrick and Tim, and a daughter, Nicole. After the death of Ralph Wilson in March 2014, Bidwill became the longest-tenured owner in the NFL.
### Death
Bidwill died at age 88 on October 2, 2019. At the time of his death, he was the longest tenured owner in the NFL.
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# Bill Bidwill
## Legacy
Following an \$8,000,000 donation, his son Michael dedicated a new stadium at his alma mater Georgetown Prep named the William V. Bidwill '49 Stadium. This 1,508 seat stadium is the new home to the Hoyas football, soccer and lacrosse programs
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# Doug Widell
**Douglas Joseph Widell** (born September 23, 1966) is an American former professional football player who was a guard for nine seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Boston College Eagles and was selected by the Denver Broncos in the second round of the 1989 NFL draft. He was a part of the Broncos\' Super Bowl XXIV losing team. His brother Dave Widell was his teammate at Boston College and with the Broncos
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# Basic/Four
**Basic/Four** is a variety of Business Basic which originally ran on computers of the same name introduced in 1971. The company that produced the system, Management Assistance, Inc., was later known as **Basic/Four Corporation**, **MAI Basic Four, Inc.**, and **MAI Basic Four Information Systems**. Basic/Four set the pattern for the business BASIC market, with similar products appearing on other minicomputer systems, and later, microcomputers like the Apple III. It remained a popular product into the early 1980s, when increasingly powerful micros replaced it, and MAI turned to selling pre-packaged Basic/Four like accounting software.
Basic/Four Corporation was created as a subsidiary of Management Assistance, Inc. in Irvine, California in 1971. Basic/Four initially sold small business minicomputers that were assembled from Microdata Corporation CPUs, but in 1976 they began selling their own 16-bit CPU designs. Over the next three years they introduced a series of models of these designs, the 200 through 730, with various configurations of memory, terminal servers and hard drive. By the end of 1978 they had approximately 6000 systems in the field in total.
Basic Four was one of the first commercially available business BASIC interpreters. The computers ran an operating system with the BASIC interpreter integrated, known as BOSS. The BASIC interpreter was written in TREE-META.
The takeover of the low-end and midrange market by the IBM PC during the mid-1980s led to a crash in sales of MAI\'s 16-bit designs. In 1985, Wall Street financier Bennett S. LeBow purchased the company after it had experienced significant operating financial losses. In the mid-1980s, the company released accounting software for third-party microcomputers, and in 1988 it released its own 80286-based workstation. The Basic4 system was utilized by many small banks and credit unions.
In 1988, LeBow used the company as a platform for an unsuccessful attempted hostile takeover of much larger Prime Computer. In 1990, the company changed its name to MAI Systems Corporation and changed its business to be a system integrator instead of a combined hardware and software manufacturer, reselling third-party computers but installing their own customer-specific software system.
MAI Systems Corporation became a wholly owned subsidiary of Softbrands Inc. in 2006
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# WPFM
**WPFM**, branded as \"K-Love\", is a commercial radio station located in Panama City, Florida, licensed to broadcast on 107.9 FM. WPFM is owned and operated by Educational Media Foundation and formerly aired a Rhythmic Top 40 music format branded as \"Hot 107.9\".
## History
The station signed on September 4, 1964 as WMAI-FM; the station had initially been issued the call sign WDJJ, but changed to WMAI-FM upon launch. At the time, it was affiliated with WBVI-TV, the predecessor of WMBB. It became WPFM on May 15, 1973, playing a beautiful music format until 1978. In 1978, the format was changed to a mix of Top 40 and Adult Contemporary. It was in this era of WPFM that they developed an equal following from both locals and tourists, and were known sponsors of big-name Spring Break events in the area. It would later be the city\'s dominant CHR station. In 1992, after some months off the air due to legal issues, WPFM became exclusively Top 40, and rebranded to \"Power 108\". In September 1993, they began calling themselves \"Kiss FM\", which only lasted over a month. From then until 1995, they played alternative rock under the name \"107.9 The Zone\". In 1995, they went back to Top 40 under the name \"Mix 108\".
WPFM and WDRK swapped formats on November 21, 1997. As a result, WPFM took WDRK\'s calls and active rock format, while the original WDRK changed their own to WMXP and adopted the \"Mix\" name, \"Mix 103\". The new \"Rock 108\" was ill-fated, and the calls were changed again on October 5, 1998, to WLHR. From this came the widely successful Top 40 station \"Hot 107.9\". WLHR was changed to WPFM-FM on March 10, 2004, before returning to the WPFM call sign (without the \"-FM\" suffix) on October 14, 2014.
On September 21, 2018, Powell Broadcasting announced that it had sold WPFM to the Educational Media Foundation, but planned to keep \"Hot 107.9\" up until the end of the year.
On October 14, 2018, four days after Hurricane Michael destroyed the facilities that housed WPFM, Powell Broadcasting announced that it had ceased the operations of all of its Panama City radio stations, citing \"catastrophic\" damage. This expedited EMF\'s decision to get K-Love on the air by just under a month.
On December 4, 2018, WPFM signed on once again, this time under Educational Media Foundation\'s **K-Love** moniker, airing a contemporary Christian music format
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# Uwajima Castle
right\|thumb\|270px\|Aerial view of Uwajima Castle `{{nihongo|'''Uwajima Castle'''|宇和島城|Uwajima-jō}}`{=mediawiki} is a *hirayama-jiro* Japanese castle located in the city of Uwajima, Ehime, Japan. An alternate name for this castle is Tsurushima-jō. The castle is one of twelve Japanese castles to still have its historical *tenshu*. Its has been protected as a National Historic Site since 1937.
## History
Uwajima Castle is located on a hill at the center of the city of Uwajima in southern part of former Iyo Province. It was originally built on the seashore, with the ocean forming a natural moat on three sides; however, due to land reclamation it is now in the center of the city. During the Heian period, Uwajima (notably the island of Hiburijima in Uwajima Bay) was center of piracy in the Seto Inland Sea and became the stronghold of Fujiwara no Sumitomo in his rebellion. In 941 Tachibana Tachibana, a guard envoy, set up a fort in this area when suppressing the rebellion, and named the fortification \"Itashima Marugushi Castle\". During the Muromachi period, a branch of the Saionji family was appointed as governor of the area by the Ashikaga shogunate, but was constantly being invaded his more powerful and aggressive neighbors. The Saionji survived by the fluid loyalties and fierce resistance, but were eventually overcome by Chōsokabe Motochika, who was in turn overthrown by the forces of Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
Iyo Province was given to Kobayakawa Takakage, who assigned the area around Uwajima to his adopted son and half-brother, Hidekane. Takakage was later transferred to Kyushu and was replaced by Hideyoshi\'s general Toda Katsutaka, who expanded on the minor fortification, transforming it into a Sengoku period castle. Toda, who ruled with extreme harshness, went insane and died during the invasion of Korea without heir. Hideyoshi then assigned Tōdō Takatora to the domain. A noted castle designer, Takatora spent six years re-building the castle, starting in 1601. In 1604 he moved the *tenshu* of Kagomori Castle to Uwajima Castle and made it the castle\'s Tsukimi Yagura. Tōdō Takatora retained the original layout of the castle, which had an oblong inner bailey measuring 30 by 100 meters, with the *tenshu* in the center of the southern portion. He added stone walls and expanded on the surrounding secondary enclosures, adding fortified gate and water moats. The castle was noteworthy in the use of an innovative pentagonal layout of moats and walls, which made it difficult for attackers to attack any one side without having blind spots to their flanks.
Under the Tokugawa shogunate, Uwajima Domain was assigned to Date Hidemune, the eldest son of Date Masamune and head of a cadet branch of the Date clan. The castle was renamed Uwajima Castle around 1617. The castle was severely damage due to an earthquake in 1649. Major repairs and expansion began in 1650, but was not completed until 1671. Date Munetoshi replaced the former *tenshu* with the current structure in 1666. The castle was severely damaged again in the 1854 Ansei great earthquakes, during which time the *tenshu* and 24 *yagura* were damaged and four *yagura* completely destroyed. Major restoration work continued to 1860. The Date clan continued to rule Uwajima Domain until the Meiji restoration. During the Bakumatsu period, Date Munenari introduced military reforms and built up a western-style army; however, the domain did to participate in the Boshin War and the castle was undamaged.
## Current situation {#current_situation}
The castle initially escaped the effects of government decrees for the destruction of all former feudal fortifications, but from 1900 to 1913, much of its stone walls and remaining gates and *yagura* were destroyed with construction work on the expansion of Uwajima Port. In 1934, the *tenshu* and *Otemon* (main gate) were designated a National Treasure (`{{nihongo2|国宝}}`{=mediawiki}) before the 1950 National Treasure Protection Law (文化財保護法施) was enacted, and in 1937 the site received National Historic Site designation. However, the Otemon gate was subsequently destroyed in the final days of World War II by American air raids. In 1949, the Date clan donated the tenshu and remaining grounds of the castle to the city of Uwajima.In 1950, the *tenshu* was redesignated as a National Important Cultural Property under the current Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties. In 1952, one surviving gate of the castle, the Nagaya Gate, was relocated and reconstructed on the site of the former Otemon. The tenshu was extensively repaired from 1960 to 1962. In 1965, the Nagaya Gate and one other surviving gate, the Noboritachimon gate were designated Uwajima City Tangible Cultural Properties. Further repairs on the stone walls was conducted in 1994.
Uwajima Castle was listed as one of Japan\'s Top 100 Castles by the Japan Castle Foundation in 2006.
The castle is located a 20-minute walk from JR Shikoku Uwajima Station.
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# Uwajima Castle
## Cultural Properties {#cultural_properties}
The `{{nihongo|Tenshu|天守||}}`{=mediawiki} of Uwajima Castle has been protected as an Important Cultural Property since 1934
## Gallery
Uwajima Castle keep tower in 1928.jpg\|Uwajima Castle keep tower in 1928 Uwajima Castle, Noboritachimon-2.jpg\| Noboritachimon Uwajima Castle, Nagayamon.jpg\|Nagayamon Uwajima Castle, honmaru ishigaki-1
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# Helicopter deck
A **helicopter deck** (or **helo deck**) is a helicopter pad on the deck of a ship, usually located on the stern and always clear of obstacles that would prove hazardous to a helicopter landing. In the United States Navy, it is commonly and properly referred to as the flight deck.
In the UK\'s Fleet Air Arm, *landing on* is usually achieved by first lining up on the port quarter parallel to the ship\'s heading, then once the deck motion is deemed to be acceptable the pilot sidesteps the aircraft laterally using a white painted line (the bum line) as a reference.
Shipboard landing for some helicopters is assisted though use of a haul-down device that involves attachment of a cable to a probe on the bottom of the aircraft prior to landing. Tension is maintained on the cable as the helicopter descends, assisting the pilot with accurate positioning of the aircraft on the deck; once on deck locking beams close on the probe, locking the aircraft to the flight deck. This device was pioneered by the Royal Canadian Navy and was called \"Beartrap\". The U.S. Navy implementation of this device, based on Beartrap, is called the \"RAST\" system (for Recovery Assist, Secure and Traverse) and is an integral part of the LAMPS Mk III (SH-60B) weapons system.
A secondary purpose of the haul-down device is to equalize electrostatic potential between the helicopter and ship. The whirling rotor blades of a helicopter can cause large electrical charges to build up on the airframe, large enough to cause injury to shipboard personnel should they touch any part of the helicopter as it approaches the deck. This was depicted in the 1990 film *The Hunt for Red October*, when Jack Ryan is flown out to a submarine by helicopter. Ryan is lowered to the submarine, but brushes the officer charged with trying to hook him who receives a minor injury.
Coaxial rotor helicopters in flight are highly resistant to side-winds, which makes them suitable for shipboard use, even without a rope-pulley landing system.
Marine and offshore helicopter decks on board offshore oil platforms and ships are typically regulated by the rules defined within CAP 437, which defines standards for the design, marking, and lighting of marine/offshore helicopter decks, and is produced by the Civil Aviation Authority. The largest marine helicopter decks will accommodate the Boeing CH-47 Chinook, which requires a D value of 30 m, and has a weight of 21.3 tons. More typical for vessels would be decks that will accommodate the Sikorsky S-92 with a D value of 21 m and 11.9 tons
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# Men Against the Sea
***Men Against the Sea*** is the second novel in the trilogy by Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall about the mutiny aboard HMS *Bounty*. It is preceded by *Mutiny on the Bounty* and followed by *Pitcairn\'s Island*. The novel first appeared in serial form in *The Saturday Evening Post* from November 18, 1933 through December 9, 1933, hence the copyright date of 1933. It was first printed in hardcover in January 1934 by Little, Brown and Company.
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
*Men Against the Sea* follows the journey of Lieutenant William Bligh and the eighteen men set adrift in an open boat by the mutineers of the *Bounty*. The story is told from the perspective of Thomas Ledward, the *Bounty\'s* acting surgeon, who went into the ship\'s launch with Bligh. It begins after the main events described in the novel and then moves into a flashback, finishing at the starting point
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# Jesús Bracamontes
**Jesús Bracamontes Zenizo** (`{{IPA|es|xeˈsus βɾakaˈmonte<!-- Yes, without the final /s/ – it is elided before the initial /s/ of "Zenizo". --> seˈniso}}`{=mediawiki}; born 24 December 1951) is a Mexican former professional football player and manager.
## Career
Bracamontes gained prominence as the coach of Club Deportivo Guadalajara in the 1990s. He also served as assistant coach for the Mexico national team.
Bracamontes later worked as a long-serving football analyst along with Pablo Ramírez for the U.S. Spanish-language TV station Univision. On 31 May 2022 he announced his retirement on broadcasting on Univision.
## Family
Jesús is the father of Jacqueline Bracamontes, an actress and model who became famous after representing Mexico at the Miss Universe 2001 contest. His son is named after him.
Wife of Jesús is Jacqueline van Hoorde, who is of Belgian descent.
Jesús is also the oldest brother of Former player and coach Carlos Bracamontes
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# UCLA School of Nursing
The **UCLA School of Nursing** is a nursing school affiliated with UCLA, and is located in the Westwood neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. The school is housed in the Doris and Louis Factor Health Sciences Building, known as the Factor Building, on the south end of UCLA\'s 400-plus-acre campus, adjacent to the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center.
The school is consistently named to U.S. News & World Report\'s Top Nursing Schools list, ranking the master\'s program 16th and the baccalaureate program [among the top 10](https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rankings/nursing-overall) in 2021-22. It is also one of the country\'s highest research-funded schools, ranking in the top 20 among nursing schools in grant funding from the National Institute of Health.
## History
### Early Nursing Education at UCLA {#early_nursing_education_at_ucla}
UCLA, a public research university in Los Angeles, was founded in 1919.
Nursing education at UCLA dates back to 1929. In the early days, registered nurses received certificates in public health offered through university extension courses.
In 1932 a group of public health nurses advocated for a Department of Nursing Education to be established in the College of Letters and Science. Dr. Elinore Beebe, RN, PhD, recruited from Yale, became the first director of the UCLA Public Health Nursing program under the Department of Bacteriology in 1937.
The 1940s was a time of reorganization and growth for the program. The Bachelor of Science degree was established within a new College of Applied Arts. In 1946 the Department of Public Health Nursing became the Department of Nursing, with faculty added to develop courses to prepare nursing supervisors.
### Establishing a School of Nursing {#establishing_a_school_of_nursing}
Professor Lulu K. Wolf (later Hassenplug) from Vanderbilt University was recruited to develop a nursing school at UCLA. Wolf had graduated with honors in 1924 from the Army School of Nursing, Walter Reed Hospital, and earned her BS from Columbia University Teachers\' College in 1927.
In 1949 the University of California Regents (UC Regents) authorized the School of Nursing as one of the professional schools of the UCLA Centers for the Health Sciences, and Wolf was appointed the school\'s first dean. This action paved the way in 1950 for the opening of an undergraduate traditional program in nursing leading to the Bachelor of Science (BS) degree and the establishment of a graduate program leading to the Master of Science (MS) degree in nursing the following year. In 1966 the Master of Nursing (MN) degree was established as an alternate option to the MS degree. The MS degree program was discontinued in 1969.
Meanwhile, in the 1960s, the school hosted and participated in international programs with many countries around the world including Columbia, Egypt, Hong Kong, India, and Japan, which led to an increase in the number of international students.
The Regents approved the Doctor of Nursing Science (DNSc) degree program in 1986, and in 1987 the first doctoral students were admitted. In the mid-1990s, the master\'s degree designation MN was changed to Master of Science in Nursing (MSN), and the doctoral degree designation DNSc was changed to PhD in Nursing.
In 1993 admissions to the bachelor\'s program was suspended and the last class graduated in 1997. In its place, the Bridge program was introduced to meet the educational needs of students who are registered nurses with associate degrees or diplomas in nursing.
In 2006 the school reinstated a traditional / prelicensure BS program with admission at the freshman level and launched the Master\'s Entry Clinical Nurse (MECN) / prelicensure program option within the MSN degree program, which is designed for prelicensure students with bachelor\'s degrees or higher education in another discipline.
The UCLA School of Nursing is approved by the Undergraduate and Graduate Councils of the Academic Senate of the University of California at Los Angeles. In addition, the prelicensure (BS and MECN) and advanced practice master\'s programs are approved by the California Board of Registered Nursing. In 2011 the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) accredited the existing bachelor\'s and master\'s degree programs for a term of 10 years, the highest that can be granted. UCLA holds Western Association of Schools and Colleges accreditation.
## Academics / Degree Programs {#academics_degree_programs}
The UCLA School of Nursing offers five degree programs including Bachelor of Science (a pre-licensure program for undergraduate study), MSN -- Master\'s Entry Clinical Nurse (for those with a baccalaureate degree in another discipline who desire a career in nursing), Master of Science in Nursing -- Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (for nurses with a bachelor\'s degree in nursing), Doctor of Philosophy (for individuals who wish to pursue a research trajectory), and Doctor of Nursing Practice. Education is provided in both classroom and clinical settings. In addition to degree programs, the school offers summer research programs and accepts applications from all qualified nursing students with junior status from any undergraduate institution in the United States. The eight-week program is designed for students who plan to pursue a PhD degree and enter academic careers in nursing. Research areas include Biobehavioral Sciences, Biologic Sciences, Health Disparities/Vulnerable Populations, and Health Services Research.
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# UCLA School of Nursing
## Research
UCLA School of Nursing scholars represent a wide range of disciplines including nursing, medicine, public health, statistics, epidemiology, physiological sciences, and the basic sciences. All are committed to scholarship in the service of improving health, wellness, and quality of life throughout the lifespan. Some examples of faculty research include:
- The impact of heart failure and sleep apnea on brain function
- Screening, prevention, assessment and management of pressure ulcers and wound care
- Cellular targets for Alzheimer\'s treatments or prevention
- Gene therapy that has high potential to advance the science in HIV/AIDS
- Nutritional strategies to increase fertility
- Cardiovascular impact from hookah smoking
## Rankings
Ranked #16 on the U.S. News & World Report Best Grad School Rankings: Best Nursing Schools: Master\'s and among the top 10 Best Bachelor of Science in Nursing Degrees (for 2021--2022) . Schools are ranked according to their performance across a set of widely accepted indicators of excellence.
NCLEX Pass Rates (for 2017--2018): BSN: 96% MSN: 95%
## Deans
- Lulu Wolf Hassenplug (founding dean of the UCLA School of Nursing, retired in 1968)
- Rheba de Tornyay (appointed 1971)
- Mary E. Reres (appointed 1977)
- Ada Lindsey (appointed 1986)
- Marie J. Cowan (1997--2008)
- Courtney Lyder (2008--2015)
- Linda Sarna (2015--2021)
- Lin Zhan (2021--) [1](https://www.nursing.ucla.edu/people/lin-zhan)
## Distinguished Alumni and Faculty {#distinguished_alumni_and_faculty}
- Jeanne Quint Benoliel
- Bonnie Bullough
- Linda Burnes Bolton, MN '72, DrPH
- Kathleen Dracup, MN '74, PhD
- Kristine M. Gebbie, MSN '68, DrPH
- Afaf I
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# Chris Godfrey
**Christopher J Godfrey** (born May 17, 1958) is an American former professional football player who was a guard in the National Football League (NFL), primarily for the New York Giants. He started in Super Bowl XXI and honored as the New York Giants Alumni Man of the Year. Godfrey played college football for the Michigan Wolverines. He also played with the Michigan Panthers of the United States Football League (USFL). His daughters [Mary Grace](https://marusyamarusya.com/), [international childrenswear designer and couture dressmaker](https://www.anagrassia.com/), and Anastassia were members of the Michigan Wolverines swim team, and his son John was a defensive lineman for the Ball State Cardinals football team.
Godfrey founded the organization [Life Athletes](https://www.lifeathletes.org/). He has visited schools in throughout the United States and internationally promoting Christianity and pro-marriage family values. New York Archbishop John Cardinal O\'Connor, New York Giants owners Wellington and Ann Mara and the Knights of Columbus were key supporters of his work.
He is the owner of Godfrey Law offices located in South Bend, Indiana
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# Out of the Darkness (1971 film)
***Out of the Darkness*** (*มันมากับความมืด*, or *Mun ma gub kwam mud* or *It Comes Out of the Darkness*, lit: *\"It Comes with Darkness\"*) is a 1971 Thai science fiction musical action drama film directed by Chatrichalerm Yukol, about an invasion by extraterrestrial beings in Thailand. It was the first science fiction film made in Thailand, and was also the debut feature film by Chatrichalerm.
## Plot
Astronomer Professor Thongchai and his assistant Sek observe some meteorites falling and determine they struck somewhere in Southern Thailand. They head for Ranong Province where they start their investigation at a potash mine owned by Luang Kosit. When they arrive, they find the place under siege by some gunmen. Sek pitches in to help out, and to return the favor, Luang Kosit brings Thongchai and Sek to his home and offers them a place to stay.
Luang Kosit\'s daughter is Chonlada and she thinks she can help Sek determine where the meteorites fell. They contact the local \"sea clan\", where Chonlada had made friends with the chief\'s daughter, Sarai.
Meanwhile, a male friend of Chonlada\'s becomes jealous of her time spent with Sek, and while lamenting over the situation with some other friends, the group breaks out into song to chide him, while he voices his heartfelt desires.
At night on the sea clan island, the chief goes to pray to the goddess Kali on a cliff overlooking the sea. As he departs, he is attacked by a blob-shaped, tentacled creature that has a large glowing green eye. Possessed by the alien, the chief returns to his village, and with green ray beams emanating from his glowing green eyes, he kills everyone.
The next day, Sek, Chonlada and others from the mainland take a boat to the sea clan island. On the way there, another song is performed. Initially they think the village is mysteriously deserted, but upon further investigation they find only the skeletons of the villagers. The party decides the burn the village, however Sarai is still alive. Some drama ensues as she is trapped in the fire and Chonlada and the other men rush to her rescue, and then bring her to the mainland.
The next night, the alien creature finds its way to the mainland and attacks a young couple, who then turn their death-ray eye beams on others. Various ways are tried to kill the alien-possessed people, but they are impervious to bullets and flame. Professor Thongchai examines a sample of the alien under a microscope, and eventually it is noticed that exposure to sunlight kills the creature. This explains the creature only attacking at night.
It is then discovered that the alien has taken up residence in a nearby cave, so it is decided that the cave should be dynamited to close up the entrance. More drama ensues as Chonlada and Serei go into the cave just as it is to be sealed, and Sek and another man need to scuba dive in to rescue them through an ocean entrance.
Trapped in the cave with the alien creature, Serei is angry and wants revenge against the alien for killing her father and wiping out her village. She tries to attack it, but is vaporized by its green ray beam.
Sek and another man arrive to help Chonlada escape, and the other man is killed. Cut off from their escape route, Sek and Chonlada face certain doom, but then Sek finds a mirrored, metal shield and discovers it deflects the alien\'s death ray. He goads the creature into firing at him, directing the ray towards the roof of the cave. Eventually, the beams break through, and sunlight pours in, killing the alien.
## Production
Released in 1971, *Out of the Darkness* was the first science fiction film produced in the Thai film industry, and its production standards were crude compared to other sci-fi films and television series being made in the era. \"It was terrible,\" director Chatrichalerm Yukol admitted in a 1994 interview. It was also his first film. \"I was in television before I started in film. And then, I made a film called *Out of the Darkness*, just for fun, because no science fiction film had ever been made in Thailand. I was thinking about what if some of the ETs would come down in Thailand.\"
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# Out of the Darkness (1971 film)
## DVD
A DVD of the film was released in Thailand on an all-region, PAL disc with English subtitles by the Mangpong video retail chain
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# Coalition on the Public Understanding of Science
The **Coalition on the Public Understanding of Science** (**COPUS**) is a United States grassroots effort linking universities, scientific societies, science advocacy groups, science media, science educators, businesses, and industry in a consortium having as its goal a greater public understanding of the nature of science and its value to society. Its premise is that full public engagement in science is critical to the long-term social well-being of the American people.
COPUS is organizing the Year of Science 2009, in cooperation with the National Academy of Sciences.
COPUS is sponsored by the American Institute of Biological Sciences and the Geological Society of America.
The COPUS national office is located in Washington, D.C., hosted by the American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS)
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# Seven Sins of Medicine
The **Seven Sins of Medicine**, by Richard Asher, are a perspective on medical ethics first published in *The Lancet* in 1949.
Considered as poor personal conduct by physicians (or more typically, medical students) The Seven Sins describes behavior that in itself might not be grounds for professional complaint or discipline but would be considered discourteous, especially in any situation outside of the pompous physician -- sick patient scenario.
Still very relevant in medical study and practice, they are:
1. **Obscurity:** Asher endorses the use of clear communication and plain language whether writing or speaking. Obscurity may be used to cloak one\'s own ignorance, or due to an inability to communicate with those outside of the medical profession. \"If you don\'t know, don\'t admit it. Instead, try to confuse your listeners.\" is not uncommon.\
Regardless of the intention, whether to misdirect from incompetence or to foster a feeling of superiority, the patient and those surrounding them are often left confused and uncertain.
2. **Cruelty:** This sin is perhaps one of the most common perpetrations committed by physicians and medical students. Whether it be the physical thoughtlessness of a half-dozen students palpating a painful tumor mass, or loudly taking (or presenting) a patient\'s history in a crowded room, one of the first things that is unlearnt by a medical professional is to treat the patient as they themselves would like to be treated.
3. **Bad Manners:** Often overlooked, rudeness or poor taste in humour is condoned within the hospital setting. At the end of the day, many physicians and students are simply rude to patients that do not suit them. Whether it is a snapping at an uncooperative patient or making a cruel joke about them after leaving the room, the impact of these \"coping mechanisms\" (as they are considered to be by many) must be taken into account.
4. **Over-Specialisation:** In a growing trend by the medical establishment, over-specialisation and under-generalisation is a growing problem in the wider medical community. Ignoring aspects of one\'s education in favor of more interesting aspects is a behaviour that is pathological and outright negligent in a student. Failure to diagnose or to treat a patient because \"their signs and differential fall outside of my field, let\'s turf them to another service\" ought be a seriously considered Supervisory & Training issue.
5. **Love of the Rare:** (aka \"If you hear hoof-beats, think horses. Not zebras\") The desire for rare and interesting diseases causes many medical students and young physicians to seek the bizarre rather than seeing a mundane diagnosis.
6. **Common Stupidity:** As well as the standard definition for this sin, the specific example of \"using empirical procedures rather than tailoring for the patient\" or the young physician \"flying on autopilot\" must be mentioned. Ordering another test that is redundant, and for which the results may already be interpreted from the history, before starting treatment is such a situation. For example: requesting a haemoglobin count before beginning transfusion, despite the fact that the patient appears obviously anaemic.
7. **Sloth:** Laziness. Also includes ordering excessive numbers of tests, rather than simply taking the time to take an adequate history.
For further information see Bruce Rowat\'s essay
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# Helena Frith Powell
**Helena Frith Powell** is an author and a columnist.
Frith Powell was born in Sweden to a Swedish mother and an Italian father. She studied at Durham University, where she wrote for Palatinate and also served on the Fashion Show committee. She writes the \'French Mistress\' column in The Sunday Times about living in France and has also contributed to Tatler and Harper\'s.
## Selected works {#selected_works}
- *Ciao Bella: In Search of My Italian Father* was written when she moved to France, where she lived with her family for five years.
- *Two Lipsticks and a Lover* (2007) is about the secrets behind French style and taste. *Two Lipsticks and a Lover* has been bought by Penguin in the US and Arrow in the UK for paperback publication. The book is published in America as *All You Need to Be Impossibly French.*
- *More More France Please* continues to explore what it is like to live in France.
- *Love in a Warm Climate: A Novel About the French Art of Love* was published by Gibson Square in March 2011
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# Karl Nelson
**Karl Stuart Nelson** (born June 14, 1960) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL).
Born and raised in DeKalb, Illinois, Nelson played scholastically at DeKalb High School, where he earned all-state honors in football, was a star pitcher for the baseball team, and lettered in basketball.
He played collegiately for the Iowa State Cyclones. As a junior, Nelson was named second-team All-Big Eight by the Associated Press (AP) and as a senior was tabbed first-team. Also as a senior, he was honored by the Newspaper Enterprise Association as a first-team All-American.
Nelson was selected by the New York Giants in the third-round of the 1983 NFL draft. He spent his rookie season on the injured reserve list, but started all 55 games at right tackle over the next three seasons, culminating with the Giants victory in Super Bowl XXI.
Shortly after the Super Bowl, Nelson was diagnosed with Hodgkin\'s disease, and sat out the 1987 season. He made an amazing comeback in 1988, regaining his starting job, but injured his ankle in week 2. He returned from the injury in week 9, appearing in 7 more games that season. His Hodgkin\'s disease returned in 1989, forcing him to sit out yet another season, although he did help to coach the team\'s offensive line. He announced his retirement on December 13, 1989, saying, \"I don\'t have the push for those five-hour workout days anymore.\"
In 1989, Nelson was the recipient of the George Halas Award, given by the Pro Football Writers of America (PFWA) to an NFL player, coach or staff member who overcomes the most adversity to succeed.
He also served as a commentator on Giants radio broadcasts.
Nelson went on to work in the financial services industry, and in 1993 published an autobiography, \"Life on the Line\".
Nelson currently`{{when|date=March 2019}}`{=mediawiki} resides with his wife, Inga, in Northern New Jersey and is an active advocate for various charities. His primary charity is Adopt-a-Soldier Platoon
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# Coroner's Court of South Australia
The **Coroner\'s Court of South Australia** is a court which has exclusive jurisdiction over the remains of a person and the power to make findings in respect of the cause of death of a person or fire in South Australia, a state of Australia.
## History
The office of coroner in New South Wales derives from the legal framework inherited from the United Kingdom.
The first Governor of New South Wales, Arthur Phillip, was a coroner by virtue of his commission as governor. As South Australia was formerly part of New South Wales, technically, Phillip would have been its first coroner.
## Structure and Jurisdiction {#structure_and_jurisdiction}
At common law, coroners would constitute a court by virtue of their office. In South Australia, this common law position has been abolished and there is now the Coroners Court of South Australia established. Coroners have the power to investigate the causes of death within their jurisdiction. They also have power to retain a person's remains, order autopsies, and direct how a person's remains may be disposed of.
South Australian coroners have jurisdiction to hold inquests concerning the cause of any fire in the state if the State Coroner or the South Australian Attorney General is of the view that an inquest should be held.
Where a serious criminal offence has been disclosed during the course of an inquest, the coroner cannot proceed with it if a person is to be charged with that criminal offence.
There may be a right of appeal from the findings of a coroner to the Supreme Court of South Australia.
## State Coroners {#state_coroners}
The Governor of South Australia may appoint a State Coroner for South Australia. The State Coroner has the function to oversee and co-ordinate coronial services in South Australia, ensure that all deaths and suspected deaths concerning which a coroner has jurisdiction to hold an inquest are properly investigated, and ensuring that an inquest is held whenever it is required, and to issue guidelines to coroners to assist them in the exercise or performance of their functions.
All magistrates are deputy state coroners by virtue of their office.
The State Coroner may delegate functions to a suitable person
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# Black Joy (album)
***Black Joy*** is a DVD by Psychic TV. The DVD includes live and music videos. The DVD is composed of two prior VHS projects, *Black* and *Joy*.
## Chapters
**Joy**
1. \"Your Body\"
2. \"We Kiss\"
3. \"She Was Surprised\"
4. \"RU Xperienced\"
5. \"Candy Says\"
6. \"Wicked\"
7. \"Just Like Arcadia\"
8. \"Joy\"
9. \"IC Water (promo)\"
**Black**
1. \"Intoxication\"
2. \"Surrender\"
3. \"Horror House\"
4. \"Jigsaw\"
5. \"Money For E\"
6
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# Awaza Station
is a railway station on the two lines of the Osaka Metro. The station is in Nishi-ku, Osaka, Japan.
## Lines
- - (Station Number: C15)
- (Station Number: S13)
## Layout
- There are two side platforms with two tracks for the Chuo Line on the first basement and two side platforms with two tracks for the Sennichimae Line on the second basement. Passages are located between the west of platforms for the Chuo Line and the south of platforms for the Sennichimae Line
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# Weaving a Story
is the fourteenth episode of the Japanese anime television series *Neon Genesis Evangelion*, which was created by Gainax. The episode, written by Hideaki Anno, and directed by Masahiko Otsuka and Ken Ando, was first broadcast on TV Tokyo on January 3, 1996. The series is set fifteen years after a worldwide cataclysm known as Second Impact and is mostly set in the futuristic, fortified city of Tokyo-3. The series\' protagonist is Shinji Ikari, a teenage boy who is recruited by his father Gendo to the special military organization Nerv to pilot a gigantic, bio-mechanical mecha named Evangelion into combat with beings called Angels. In the course of the episode, a secret sect named Seele examines Gendo Ikari\'s actions to determine whether his actions are in accordance with the organisation\'s plans, which follow ancient documents called Dead Sea Scrolls. Evangelion\'s pilots are tested; during her test, Rei Ayanami has a long stream of consciousness in which she investigates her identity.
During the making of the series, director Anno felt he had neglected Rei\'s character, so he tried to devote space to her by writing an inner monologue of her by depicting her as a girl with schizophrenia. A friend of his had lent him a volume on mental illness with a poem written by a nervous sufferer. It was thanks to the book Anno wrote Rei\'s monologue by inserting more and more psychological introspection in the episodes to follow.
\"Weaving a Story\" drew a 0.9% audience share on Japanese television. The first part of the episode, a summary of the previous thirteen, was deemed both useful and superfluous by reviewers. In contrast, Rei\'s inner monologue attracted positive comments.
## Plot
The first half of this episode is a clip show, in the form of a report by the secret organization Seele reviewing the actions of Gendo Ikari, commander of the special agency Nerv, summarizing the first season of episodes and the story up until this point. In the second half, Nerv\'s scientist Ritsuko Akagi conducts an experiment to determine if pilots can be switched between the Evangelion mechas they normally pilot. Pilot Rei Ayanami can synchronize with Unit-01 fairly well, but when Shinji Ikari attempts to synchronize with Unit-00, it goes violently out of control inside of the base. Unit-00 attacks the hangar\'s observation booth, smashing the window. However, Rei was standing at the window instead of Gendo, causing Major Misato Katsuragi to wonder if Unit-00 was trying to kill Rei. Meanwhile, Ritsuko feels that Unit-00 was trying to attack her. At the end of the episode, Rei uses Unit-00 to bring a giant weapon named Spear of Longinus recovered from Antarctica to the deepest level of Nerv\'s base, the Terminal Dogma.
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# Weaving a Story
## Production
In 1993, Gainax wrote a presentation document for *Neon Genesis Evangelion* entitled `{{nihongo|''New Century Evangelion (tentative name) Proposal''|新世紀エヴァンゲリオン (仮) 企画書|Shinseiki Evangelion (kari) kikakusho|}}`{=mediawiki} to find potential sponsors for the series, containing the initial synopsis for the planned episodes. The *Proposal* document was then published in 1994. For the first twelve episodes aired, the company roughly followed the schedule envisioned by the first draft, with only a few minor script differences. From the thirteenth episode onward, however, the production deviated from the original plan of the writers and from what was initially envisioned in the submission document. According to Michael House, translator for Gainax, *Neon Genesis Evangelion*{{\'s}} main director Hideaki Anno initially intended to give the whole story of the anime a happy ending, but during production he realized that he had created characters that were too problematic, so he changed his plans. According to Hiroki Azuma, a culture critic who personally interviewed the director, Anno during the airing of the series also began to criticize *otakus*, whom he considered too closed-minded and introverted, so he changed his original plans by creating a more dramatic and introspective story toward the middle of the series. The fourteenth episode of the series was to be titled `{{nihongo|"The Sickness Unto Death, and"|死に至る病、そして|Shi ni itaru yamai, soshite}}`{=mediawiki}, and not \"Weaving a Story\"; during the installment, the second of a trilogy of episodes with the same basic theme, Shinji would learn \"true fear and despair\". The staff in progress abandoned the original project, and some of the ideas for the trilogy were later transferred and condensed into the sixteenth episode, \"Splitting of the Breast\".
Hideaki Anno wrote the screenplay and produced the storyboards. \"Weaving a Story\" was one of the three episodes of the series which Anno wrote all by himself. Masahiko Otsuka and Ken Ando acted as directors. Kazuya Tsurumaki and Masayuki, the two assistant directors of the series, worked on the main designs together with Hisaki Furukawa, Shohei Sotoyama, and Yasuhiro Kamikura. Production involved other studios besides Gainax, such as Cosmos, Studio Bihou and Maki Productions. Anno worked on \"Weaving a Story\" at the same time as the production of the sixteenth episode. During the making of the series, he felt particularly conflicted about the character of Rei Ayanami. Anno tried to bring a hidden side of his psyche into the character, portraying her as a representation of his unconscious. In spite of this he felt uneasy, because he did not really feel interested in or akin to Rei. During the course of the episodes, he devoted very little space to the character, and halfway through the series he decided to devote more space to Rei inserting an inner monologue of her. Initially, the director thought of portraying Rei as a girl suffering from schizophrenia, and tried to \"talk about himself\". Despite his attempts, however, he could not write the monologue. To help him, a friend of his lent him a volume from a series of magazine-like books called `{{nihongo|''Bessatsu Takarajima''|別冊宝島}}`{=mediawiki} on mental illness, inside which was a poem written by a mentally ill person. The poem deeply affected Anno, and he was finally able to write the monologue in one go. From then on, the concept of the series veered in an introspective direction, in an attempt to describe how the human mind works.
Most of the episode consists of a summary of the previous thirteen installments, with the use of numerous captions written in Matisse Mincho font and in bold type. The entire first part is devoid of background music; the staff also kept character lines to a minimum. The second part, on the other hand, while presenting unedited sequences and continuing the plot, consists of images constructed using photographic material collected from previous episodes. The number of new frames was reduced to only five hundred. Whilst normally for summary episodes duplicate films of the scenes already filmed are used, *Neon Genesis Evangelion* staff decided to re-photograph the component drawings for \"Weaving a Story\" instead. For the scene of Sachiel\'s attack, the crew intentionally deleted the flying VTOL vehicles present in the original installment. The staff also added old sequences with different colouring, such as the scene where the Eva-00 goes berserk. Takashi Nagasako, Junko Iwao, Takehito Koyasu, Katsumi Suzuki, Miki Nagasawa, Tetsuya Iwanaga and Kotono Mitsuishi played unidentified characters audible in the background of the scenes of \"Weaving a Story\". Yoko Takahashi, who had already sung the opening theme song, also sang a version of \"Fly Me to the Moon\" which was later used as the episode\'s closing theme song, later replaced in later editions of the series by a version called \"Rei solo/Normal\".
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# Weaving a Story
## Themes and style {#themes_and_style}
thumb\|upright=0.9\|The deformed face of Rei Ayanami which Shinji sees while on Eva-00. This lead fans to speculate that Eva-00 has the soul of the first Ayanami clone.
Japanese writer Shoko Fukuya has noted how in \"Weaving a Story\" the memories and previous events of the series are remixed through captions and stories of people connected to the Evangelions, similar to a news report; whereas before *Neon Genesis Evangelion* was a simple private story of Evangelion pilot boys, it is reinterpreted as a scenario planned by Seele. This reportage, according to Fukuya, is unreal, and would show how *Evangelion* is indeed a descendant of monster-of-the-weeks shows like the *tokusatsu* series *Ultraman*, but at the same time different from them. The reportage also features the voice of Hikari Horaki, who claims how she is used to evacuation trials. As noted by academic Taro Igarashi, the experience of war is depicted as an extension of the young boys\' daily lives.
In the test compatibility scene, Shinji, having climbed onto the Eva-00, notices that he can feel Ayanami\'s smell. The book `{{nihongo|''Evangelion Glossary''|エヴァンゲリオン用語事典 |Evangerion Yougo Jiten}}`{=mediawiki} by Yahata Shoten noted that the sense of smell is related to memory and sexual arousal, since a quarter of people with anosmia do not experience desire. For a moment Shinji glimpses a distorted image of Rei. This has led to discussions among fans and to speculation that Eva-00 contains the soul of the first clone of Rei, or Naoko Akagi. Furthermore, a cut from the Eva-00 activation test shows Ritsuko, Naoko\'s daughter, with dark hair, so \"it seems likely that Rei I\'s soul is mistaking Ritsuko for Naoko\". Architect Kaichiro Morikawa likened Rei\'s deformed face which Shinji sees with the artistic installations of Tony Oursler. Shoko Fukuya compared the exchange of memories between Shinji and Rei to the Instrumentality visible in the last episodes of the series, a process in which the human souls merge into one entity. *Mechademia* writer Mariana Ortega also noted how Asuka compares Eva-01 to the maternal breast and womb during the same scene, another theme presented in the following episodes.
The episode is the first to paint the inner world of a character, Rei, offering a long poetic monologue marked by a series of seemingly disconnected images and memories. *Mechademia* academic magazine noted how it is labeled \"Rei\'s poem\" by fans for its \"fragmentary, cryptic nature\". The fundamental theme of the second half of the series thus becomes that of the representation of the characters\' psyche and the investigation of the \"human heart\", reaching its climax in the finale. In the course of the monologue Rei asks \"Who am I?\" and \"Who are you?\"; several identical images of the girl arranged in a row also appear in the scene. Writer Dennis Redmond linked Ayanami\'s questions to \"Who is No.1?\", the refrain from *The Prisoner*, and to the key line \"Who am I?\" from Heiner Müller\'s *Germania Death in Berlin*. According to Redmond, Rei\'s multiple images are reminiscent of the clones and androids endemic to 1970s science fiction, while the images appearing during Rei\'s poem \"suggest a spectrum from classic East Asian mythology\", such as the creation of Monkey King in *Journey to the West* from the union of Heaven and Earth, referred to by Rei as \"sky\" and \"mountains\". Writer Yuya Sato compared Rei\'s inner monologue to those in girls\' manga, known as *shōjo*. For example, Sakumi Yoshino\'s manga *Eccentrics* presents questions about personal identity and moments of introspection similar to Rei\'s \"Who am I?\" question. As in *shōjo* manga, there is no need for a clear answer to the question in Rei\'s monologue; its purpose for Sato is only to ask questions. Ayanami\'s stream of consciousness does not move the story forward, and Rei lets out what she feels in a chaotic way, instead expressing her dislikes and sympathies; this world of dislikes and sympathies also constitutes another thematically popular aspect in *shōjo* manga.
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# Weaving a Story
## Reception
\"Weaving a Story\" was first broadcast on January 3, 1996, at 8:00 AM, an unusual time for *Neon Genesis Evangelion* due to a New Year\'s rescheduling, and thus drew a 0.9% audience share on Japanese television, the lowest in the entire series. Merchandise on the episode has been released. A virtual reality game named *Neon Genesis Evangelion VR: The Throne of Souls* has been developed by Khara and Bandai Namco Entertainment; the same companies released an upgraded version of the attraction entitled `{{nihongo|''Evangelion VR THE Throne of Souls: Runaway''|エヴァンゲリオンVR The 魂の座：暴走|Evuangerion VR The tamashī no za: Bōsō}}`{=mediawiki} in 2017.
The Anime Café\'s Akio Nagatomi positively received the episode. The summary of the previous installments is in his opinion useful; Nagatomi also found Rei\'s soliloquy \"fascinating\", concluding his review by saying, \"Not an exciting episode, but very important in its content\". Film School Rejects\' Max Covill, on the other hand, commented negatively on \"Weaving a Story\", placing it second to last in his ranking of the *Neon Genesis Evangelion* episodes and criticizing the heavy recycling of already used animations. For Digitally Obsessed\'s Joel Cunningham the episode does a good job of \"answering some questions without really answering anything\", but he described it as weaker than the twelfth and the thirteenth for the long summary. Cunningham still praised the ending, \"a real shocker that left me, upon first viewing, racing to the store to purchase the next video\". Writer Dennis Redmond described Rei\'s monologue as an \"astonishingly beautiful dream sequence\"
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# McKinley Bailey
**McKinley Bailey** (born November 12, 1980) is the Iowa State Representative from the 9th District. He has served in the Iowa House of Representatives since 2007.
Bailey currently serves on several committees in the Iowa House - the Commerce committee; the Economic Growth committee; the Natural Resources committee; the Veterans Affairs committee. He also serves as vice-chair of the Agriculture and Natural Resources Appropriations Subcommittee.
Bailey was elected in 2006 with 5,685 votes (55%), defeating Republican opponent George S. Eichhorn.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Bailey was raised in Webster City, Iowa. He obtained his A.A with an emphasis in Spanish from Methodist College in Fayetteville, North Carolina. He later received his B.A in international studies with a concentration in international business from the University of Iowa. He began studying for his master\'s degree in Public Administration in 2007 at Iowa State University.
## Career
Prior to becoming a state representative, Bailey served in the US Army in Afghanistan and Iraq
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# WIIS
**WIIS** is a commercial radio station located in Key West, Florida, broadcasting on 106.9 FM. **WIIS** airs a modern rock/alternative rock music format branded as \"Island 106.9\".
WIIS-FM has been on the air since 1978. Island 106.9 is an alternative rock station that is known as \"The Keys New Rock Alternative.\" It is an independent station that belongs to Keyed Up Communications in Hollywood, Florida.
## On-Air Staff {#on_air_staff}
Island 106.9 has dedicated DJs contributing to the station's tropical vibe. Trice hosts the Friday evening's Happy Hour. Gwen Filosa hosts the mid-morning show "It's Too Early" featuring interviews, news, and weather. Shannon B. hosts the early morning training session.
## History
Notable former on-air staff include Dave Wurmlinger (*Just Dave*) who has returned to his southern California home and is doing acting work. Lou Perdomo is working as a tattoo artist in Key West. Kent Baker is missing somehow, but was popular in his morning and afternoon shifts. Former GM and morning co-host (along with Perdomo and Baker), Bryan Hollenbaugh is owner 45 North Media, which owns WMJZ-FM and WMTE-FM in Northern Michigan. \"Big Giant\" Chris Lepperd, who is still big and giant, is now selling classic cars in Miami, and doing some acting work. Former personality Brett Guizetti is now performing in the DC-area rock trio Hermanos Rodriquez. Rachel and \"Condom Girl\" were popular voices. Lazlo from KRBZ Kansas City made a stop here in his formative years. Prior to the station switching formats (Adult Alternative to Alt-Rock), in the early 90\'s, Deric Peace hosted a show called, \"Island\'s Edge\", which was a precursor to the station going full on alternative. Deric is currently doing weekends at WJSE 106.3 in south NJ. WIIS cannot be discussed without mentioning long time morning show host, Bill Hoebee. Bill originated popular radio segments like \"Bum Chat\" and airing the Crime Report from the local paper, Key West Citizen.
## Shows
Island 106.9 prides itself on true alternative programming. The station plays primarily alternative rock music and reggae on Sundays. The station is also the Florida Keys\' only host for the live Saturday matinee from the Metropolitan Opera in New York City during the opera season, December to May
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# Donna Anthony
**Donna Anthony** is a British woman from Somerset who was jailed in 1998 after being convicted of the murder of her two babies. She was cleared and freed after having spent more than six years in prison.
She was one of several women at the centre of high-profile cases where evidence given by the controversial paediatrician Professor Sir Roy Meadow led to convictions of mothers who reported more than one cot death. Martin Ward Platt also gave evidence.
Anthony\'s daughter died in February 1996, at the age of eleven months. Her four-month-old son died in March 1997. In November 1998, twenty-five-year-old Anthony was convicted of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment, following a trial in which it was suggested that she had smothered her son in order to get sympathy from her estranged husband. She made an unsuccessful appeal against her conviction in 2000.
In January 2003, the conviction of Sally Clark -- jailed for life for the murder of her two sons -- was quashed. In June that year, Trupti Patel was acquitted of murdering her babies. In December, Angela Cannings was cleared after spending more than a year in prison for the murder of her sons. The prosecution in all four cases had relied on evidence supplied by Sir Roy Meadow, who said that the chances of two babies dying of natural causes within the same family were one in 73 million. Meadow\'s evidence was later discredited, and he was subsequently struck off by the General Medical Council (though he was reinstated on appeal). Following the overturning of Angela Cannings\'s conviction, twenty-eight cases, including that of Donna Anthony, were referred to the Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC), and Anthony was freed in April 2005
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# Masatane Kanda
, was a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II.
## Biography
A native of Aichi Prefecture, Kanda graduated from the 23rd class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1911 and was assigned to the Kwantung Army and based out of the South Manchurian Railway office in Harbin in his early career. He graduated from the 31st class of the Army Staff College in 1934. From 1934--1936, he was assigned as military attaché to Turkey. On his return to Japan, he served for a year as an instructor at the Army War College before being reassigned to serve as Chief of the 4th Section of the 2nd Bureau of the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff, where he was (despite his fluency in the Russian language) in charge of collecting and analyzing military intelligence reports from Europe and North America.
With the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, he was assigned briefly to be commander of the IJA 45th Infantry Regiment, but soon returned to a staff position as Chief of the 1st Section (and later Chief of the 1st Bureau) of the powerful Inspectorate General of Military Training.
In 1941, he was promoted to Lieutenant general and commander of the IJA 6th Division, which was initially assigned to China, and fought at the Third Battle of Changsha. The division was later transferred to the Solomon Islands from 1943--1945. He was second-in-command of the IJA 17th Army under General Harukichi Hyakutake during the initial period of the Bougainville campaign, and (as lieutenant general) later took command of the 17th Army after Hyakutake suffered a stroke in 1945. Kanda surrendered Japanese forces on Bougainville to Allied commanders on 8 September 1945. After the war, Kanda was tried and convicted of war crimes by the Allies, sentenced to 14 years imprisonment, and began his sentence in 1948. He served four years in prison, and was released in 1952. He died in 1983
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# Dennis Waterman (poker player)
**Dennis Waterman** (May 18, 1948 -- July 11, 2022) was an American professional poker player and writer. He had over 30 years of poker experience with reported career winnings of \$1,194,115 as of 2012.
Waterman became a chess master by the age of 16. He also played backgammon competitively.
In 2007, Waterman appeared in the Fox Sports Net poker tournament *Poker Dome Challenge*. Waterman won his preliminary and semi-final matches, earning a seat at the \$1 million final table. He lost in heads-up play when his all in call with 10-7 suited failed to improve against his opponent\'s pocket nines.
In addition to his success at the tables, Waterman also wrote articles for such outlets as Pokernews.com. A Buddhist, Waterman also wrote several books on spirituality and taught meditation. His spiritual side earned him the nickname \"Swami\" at the tables.
Waterman lived with his wife Geewon in Sedona, Arizona. He died on July 11, 2022, at the age of 74
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# Product life-cycle theory
The **Product Life Cycle Theory** is an economic theory that was developed by Raymond Vernon in response to the failure of the Heckscher--Ohlin model to explain the observed pattern of international trade. The theory suggests that early in a product\'s life-cycle all the parts and labor associated with that product come from the area where it was invented. After the product becomes adopted and used in the world markets, production gradually moves away from the point of origin. In some situations, the product becomes an item that is imported by its original country of invention. A commonly used example of this is the invention, growth and production of the personal computer with respect to the United States.
The model applies to labor-saving and capital-using products that (at least at first) cater to high-income groups.
In the new product stage, the product is produced and consumed in the US; no export trade occurs. In the maturing product stage, mass-production techniques are developed and foreign demand (in developed countries) expands; the US now exports the product to other developed countries. In the standardized product stage, production moves to developing countries, which then export the product to developed countries.
The model demonstrates dynamic comparative advantage. The country that has the comparative advantage in the production of the product changes from the innovating (developed) country to the developing countries.This model is developed in 1960 and largely accepted by US and other developed countries.
## Product life-cycle {#product_life_cycle}
Raymond Vernon divided products into three categories based on their stage in the product life cycle and how they behave in the international trade market:
- New Product
- Maturing Product
- Standardized Product
There are five stages in a product\'s life cycle in respect to the Product Life Cycle Theory:
- Introduction
- Growth
- Maturity
- Saturation
- Abandonment
The location of production depends on the stage of the cycle.
According to International Product Life Cycle theory there are five phases which describe how a product matures and declines as a result of internationalization:
- Local Innovation
- Overseas Innovation
- Maturity
- World Wide Imitation
- Reversal
### Stage 1: Introduction {#stage_1_introduction}
This is where the new product is introduced to the market, the customers are unaware about the product. To create demand, producers promote the new product to stimulate sales. At this stage, profits are low but starts increasing and there are few competitors. As more units of the product sell, it enters the next stage automatically.
For example, a new product invented in the United States for local consumers is first produced in the United States because that is where the demand is, and producers want to stay close to the market to detect consumer response. Characteristics of the product and the production process are in a state of change during this stage as firms familiarize themselves with the product and the market. No international trade takes place.
### Stage 2: Growth {#stage_2_growth}
In this stage, demand for the product increases sales. As a result, production costs decrease and profits are high. The product becomes widely known and competitors enter the market with their own version of the product. To attract as many consumers as possible, the company that developed the original product increases promotional spending. When many potential new customers have bought the product, it enters the next stage
### Stage 3: Maturity {#stage_3_maturity}
In the maturity stage of the Product life cycle, the product is widely known and many consumers own it. In the maturity phase of the product life cycle, demand levels off and sales volume increases at a slower rate. There are several competitors by this stage and the original supplier may reduce prices to maintain market share and support sales. Profit margins decrease, but the business remains attractive because volume is high and costs, such as for development and promotion, are also lower. In addition, foreign demand for the product grows, but it is associated particularly with other developed countries, since the product is catering to high-income demands. For instance, in the case of the newly invented product, this rise in foreign demand (assisted by economies of scale) leads to a trade pattern whereby the United States exports the product to other high-income countries. Other developments also occur in the maturing product stage. Once the American firm is selling to other high-income countries, it may begin to assess the possibilities of producing abroad in addition to producing in the United States. With a plant in France, for example, not only France but other European countries can be supplied from the French facility rather than from the U.S. plant. Thus, an initial export surge by the United States is followed by a fall in U.S. exports and a likely fall in U.S. production of the goods.
### Stage 4: Saturation {#stage_4_saturation}
It is a stage in which there is neither increase nor decrease in the volume of sale. Through modification in the attribute of the product is needed to attract new consumers. Competitors product at this stage would have started gaining its market share
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# Product life-cycle theory
## Product life-cycle {#product_life_cycle}
### Stage 5: Decline {#stage_5_decline}
By this time in the product's life cycle, the characteristics of the product itself and of the production process are well known; the product is familiar to consumers and the production process to producers. This occurs when the product peaks in the maturity stage and then begins a downward slide in sales. Eventually, revenues drop to the point where it is no longer economically feasible to continue making the product. Investment is minimized. The product can simply be discontinued, or it can be sold to another company. Production may shift to the developing countries. Labor costs again play an important role, and the developed countries are busy introducing other products. For instance, the trade pattern shows that the United States and other developed countries have now started importing the product from the developing countries.
On costs and revenues: Low production costs and a high demand ensures a longer product life. When production costs are high and demand is low, it is not offered on the market for a long time and, eventually, is withdrawn from the market in the \'decline\' stage.
Note that a particular firm or industry (in a country) stays in a market by adapting what they make and sell, i.e., by riding the waves
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# Bauria
***Bauria*** is an extinct genus of the suborder Therocephalia that existed during the Early and Middle Triassic period, around 246-251 million years ago. It belonged to the family Bauriidae. *Bauria* was probably a herbivore or omnivore. It lived in South Africa, specifically in the Burgersdorp Formation in South Africa.
## Taxonomy
*Bauria* was named by Robert Broom in 1909 and found at Winnaarsbaken, South Africa. The first species Broom discovered, *Bauria cynops*, was a reasonably complete skull, but according to the first description somewhat poorly preserved, and apparently equally poorly prepared. Five other specimens were later found at different points in time, with mostly skulls being found.
There have only been two known species of *Bauria* that have been discovered so far, with the first species, *Bauria cynops*, being known from 6 different skulls in varying conditions of poor to excellent.
The second species, *Bauria robusta* is known from a skull that is as much as twenty percent larger than the largest known specimen of *Bauria cynops*, which is about fifteen percent larger than the average of all other specimens of this genotype. The skull was unfortunately not well preserved, due to exposure to weathering. The only tangible evidence of a feature which is quite apparent to the eye is the fact that the snout appears to be stouter, higher and shorter than in *Bauria cynops*. The cheek bulges in other *Bauria* specimens are below the anterior borders of the orbits, while in the new species they rise to a position more directly in front of the orbits.
Only two species of *Bauria* are known, with the most recent one, *Bauria robusta*, being discovered by J. W. Kitching in 1955 in the Burghersdorp district However, a 2013 study proposed that *Microgomphodon oligocynus* and *Bauria cynops* are recognized as the only valid species of southern African bauriids. `{{clade| style=font-size:100%;line-height:90%;
|label1=[[Synapsida]]
|1={{clade
|1=† [[Caseasauria]]
|label2=[[Sphenacodontia]]
|2={{clade
|1=† [[Sphenacodontidae]]
|label2='''Therapsida'''
|2={{clade
|1=† ''[[Tetraceratops]]''
|2={{clade
|label1=† [[Biarmosuchia]]
|1={{clade
|1=† [[Eotitanosuchidae]]
|2=† [[Phthinosuchus|Phthinosuchidae]]}}
|label2='''Eutherapsida'''
|2={{clade
|label1=† [[Dinocephalia]]
|1={{clade
|1=† [[Anteosauria]]
|2=† [[Tapinocephalia]]}}
|label2='''[[Neotherapsida]]'''
|2={{clade
|label1=† [[Anomodontia]]
|1={{clade
|1=† [[Dromasauria]]
|2=† [[Dicynodontia]]}}
|label2=[[Theriodontia]]
|2={{clade
|label1=† [[Gorgonopsia]]
|1={{clade
|1=† ''[[Lycaenops]]''
|2=† ''[[Inostrancevia]]''}}
|label2='''[[Eutheriodontia]]'''
|2={{clade
|label1=† [[Therocephalia]]
|1={{clade
|label1=† [[Eutherocephalia]]
|1={{clade
|1=† ''Bauria''}} }}
|label2=[[Cynodontia]]
|2={{clade
|1=[[Mammalia]]}}
}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}`{=mediawiki}
Based on Brink\'s analysis of skull and lower jaw features in 1963, *Bauria* is a therapsid sufficiently different from *Scaloposaurus* and its allies to warrant distinction at the infraorder level. It was suggested that a suborder be recognized level with Gorgonopsia, Therocephalia, Cynodontia and Ictidosauria and that this suborder be called Scaloposauria. The suborder Scaloposauria should be divided into two infraorders, the earlier Ictodosuchoidea and the later Bauriamorpha, a natural branch separate from the suborder Cynodontia.
*Bauria* was later confirmed to be a sister taxon of cynodonts, followed by an outgroup formed by (Moschorhinus (Ictidosuchops, Theriognathus)), using techniques involving Most Parsimonious Trees.
Most therocephalian genera lack an ectepicondylar foramen, with *Bauria* being the only exception, making *Bauria* a derived genera.
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# Bauria
## Description
### Skull
According to what Brink compiled, the basioccipital of *Bauria* contributes in the typical therocephalian-scaloposaurid manner to the occipital condyle. In *Bauria*, the three exoccipitals are of equal size. The shape of the rest of the basioccipital in ventral view doesn\'t differ too much from other related forms like *Ictidosuchops*. The opisthotic contribution is visible in ventral view. There is the presence of bosses on the exoccipitals, dorsally and laterally, which mark the areas of articulation of the proatlas. The parietals form a parietal crest, in contrast with the slightly broader, more rounded ictidosuchoid condition. The fronto-parietal suture is narrow in *Bauria*, which differs from ictidosuchids who have a generally broader region The pineal foramen is absent, a feature of considerable significance at this critical level near the threshold of homoiotherm mammals. The postorbitals are very characteristic, making it possible to identify *Bauria* on one isolated postorbital bone. The posterior extensions flanking the parietals do not extend upward, the postorbital frontal sutures form no ridges, unlike in ictidosuchoids.
The dentary is peculiarly curved, making it a characteristic of this genus. The peculiar twist is designed to swing the posterior lower cheek teeth inward to ensure proper occlusion on the upper teeth. The dentary is greatly thickened, both internally and externally along the series of cheek teeth, much more than the transversely broadened teeth and their roots demand. The posterior part of the dental row is displaced inward so the dorsal margin of the coronoid process descends some distance laterally to the hindmost teeth and continues down and forward across the lateral face of the dentary virtually to the chin. This arrangement gives the dentary a very mammal-like or ictidosaur appearance, but the coronoid process is by contrast typically scaloposaurid. It reaches far back and high through the temporal vacuity, but as a long slender extension, somewhat square terminally. There are three large incisors, one short canine only slightly larger than the incisors, and it would appear that the cheek teeth normally count one more than in the upper jaw. The lower teeth are narrower than the upper teeth, but are still distinctly transversely ovate. All the teeth in the series are twice as wide as their antero-posterior measurement. The therocephalian *Bauria* shows a more complex postcanine crown pattern, but only one cusp can be seen in labial view
## Palaeobiology
The diet of Bauria is assumed to have included tough fibrous material due to the way the anterior edge of an upper tooth shears against the posterior edge of the corresponding lower tooth to generate a cutting action.
The cheek bulges, and the wide and deep depression below them, suggest a muscular arrangement associated with the corners of the mouth, whereby it is possible for such an animal to pull the corners of the mouth forwards as is characteristic of mammals, while in true reptiles the corners of the mouth are fixed and very close to the articulation of the lower jaw. This is a significant arrangement, because even with a secondary palate an animal would not be able to suck unless the corners of the mouth can be brought forward, allowing the mouth as a whole to close properly around the teat of a milk gland
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