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# Professional handler
A **professional handler**, sometimes called a **professional dog handler** is a person who trains, conditions and shows dogs in conformation shows for a fee. Handlers are hired by dog owners or breeders to finish their championship, or if finished, to show in the Best of Breed class as a \"special\".
## Education
Becoming a professional handler does not require any formal schooling, but an apprenticeship under an established handler and an adherence to a code of ethics is sometimes required in order to join into one of the professional organizations
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# Visitors from Oz
***Visitors from Oz: The Wild Adventures of Dorothy, the Scarecrow, and the Tin Woodman*** is an unofficial sequel to the Oz book series. Published in 1998, it was written by Martin Gardner and illustrated by Ted Enik. It follows up after the last Oz book written by L. Frank Baum.
Gardner employs a mathematics puzzle (involving a Klein bottle) to bring the three Oz characters to Earth in 1998, where Dorothy becomes involved in the machinations of two movie producers. Contemporary references to Rudy Giuliani, the Internet, and television newscasts are unusual, at the least, in an Oz book. Gardner\'s whimsy encompasses the ancient Greek gods, characters from Lewis Carroll\'s 1865 novel *Alice\'s Adventures in Wonderland* and its 1871 sequel *Through the Looking-Glass*, and an ursine detective called Sheerluck Brown.
Gardner\'s attempt at contemporizing Oz might be compared to Dave Hardenbrook\'s similar attempt in his *The Unknown Witches of Oz* (2000)
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# HMS Blazer
Seven ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name **HMS *Blazer***. George Spencer - First Lord of the Admiralty, named the first *Blazer* after a dog in his foxhound pack; thereafter, the Royal Navy re-used the name.
- was a 12-gun gunboat launched in 1797 that the Swedes took possession of in 1801 but restored to Britain in 1802. She was sold in 1803.
- was a 12-gun gun-brig launched in 1804 and sold in 1814.
- was a wooden paddle sloop launched in 1834, converted to a survey vessel in 1843, and broken up in 1853.
- was a mortar vessel launched in 1855, renamed *MV3* later that year, and transferred to the Thames Conservancy Board in 1867.
- was an `{{sclass|Albacore|gunboat|0||1855}}`{=mediawiki} wooden screw gunboat launched in 1856, converted to a dredger and renamed *YC29* in 1868, and sold in 1877.
- was an `{{sclass|Ant|gunboat|0}}`{=mediawiki} gunboat launched in 1870, used as a tender from 1904, but reverting to a gunboat in 1914. She was sold in 1919.
- is an `{{sclass|Archer|patrol vessel}}`{=mediawiki} launched in 1985 and in service as of 2012
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# Northern, Central and Southern Vietnam
**Northern Vietnam**, **Central Vietnam** and **Southern Vietnam** are the three main historical, geographical and cultural regions within Vietnam. Each region consists of subregions, with considerable cultural differences originating from each subregions. The regional names below have been used by the Vietnamese governments since 1975 (see also: Subdivisions of Vietnam):
**Northern Vietnam** (*Bắc Bộ* or **Tonkin**) includes the following subregions:
- Northeast (*Đông Bắc Bộ*)
- Northwest (*Tây Bắc Bộ*)
- Red River Delta (*Châu thổ sông Hồng* or *Đồng bằng sông Hồng*)
**Central Vietnam** (*Trung Bộ*) includes the following subregions:
- North Central Coast (*Bắc Trung Bộ*)
- South Central Coast (*Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ*)
- Central Highlands (*Tây Nguyên* -- \"Western Highlands\")
**Southern Vietnam** (*Nam Bộ* or **Cochinchina**) includes the following subregions:
- Southeast (*Đông Nam Bộ*)
- Mekong River Delta (*Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long* or *Tây Nam Bộ* - \"Southwest\")
## Historical context {#historical_context}
The Northern Vietnam is the traditional homeland of the ethnic Vietnamese (Kinh people) where the Đông Sơn culture existed with the first states appearing here, the region later was ruled by Nanyue and later the various Chinese dynasties until the independence in 939 and influenced by Han Chinese culture, language, and migration. After the division of Vietnam from 944, the country was unified and the Đinh Dynasty was established as the first Vietnamese one with the title of emperor in 968. Through migration and conquests, Vietnamese people gradually spread south in a process called Nam Tiến (*Advancing South*).
Central Vietnam was home to Cham people, a Malayo-Polynesian ethnic group who founded their distinct Indianised Kingdom over the Central Coast before being subdued by the Vietnamese during the 14th century. Their predecessors, people who are now known as the Sa Huỳnh culture, dated back from 1000 BCE.
The Southern Vietnam was part of Funan, Chenla then Angkor Empire. Chinese (Han) and Vietnamese started migrating en masse to this region during the 16th to 17th century, the region was gradually annexed by Vietnamese, including the Mekong Delta of Cambodia.
Northern and Southern Vietnam was a fluid concept that changed constantly during the course of history. During the Northern and Southern dynasties (1533--1592), Vietnam was partitioned with the Mạc dynasty holding the Red River Delta and Lê dynasty controlling the Central Region from Thanh Hóa to Bình Định while Champa and the Khmers still held their polities further south.
During the Trịnh--Nguyễn War and from 1627 to 1777, two ruling Lords existed in the country with the border (mostly) being the Gianh River in Quảng Bình Province. The North, called *Đàng Ngoài* (Outer Realm) was ruled by the Trịnh lords and Nguyễn lords in the South, called *Đàng Trong* (Inner Realm) or *Quảng Nam Quốc*, with Lê emperors still nominally acting as head of state. The two sides ruled their own domain independent of the other, and frequently fought each other. The imposed separation encouraged the two regions to develop their own cultures.
After the Tây Sơn Wars (1771--1802) and the founding of the Nguyễn dynasty (descendants of the Nguyễn lords, the country was unified in 1802 with the center of power now switched to Huế in Central Vietnam. During French colonialism, the French divided the country into three parts, directly ruling over Cochinchina as a colony (Southern Vietnam) while establishing protectorates in Annam (Central Vietnam) and Tonkin (Northern Vietnam). Consequently, Cochinchina was more directly influenced by French culture than the other two regions. Hanoi, being the capital of French Indochina, was the only place in Northern Vietnam with significant French influence.
From 1954 to 1976, Vietnam was again divided into two separate countries, it divided by the Bến Hải River in Quảng Trị Province at the 17th parallel, with the North led by a communist government, and the South by one that was capitalist. Although the nation has been united since 2 July 1976, linguistic, cultural, and other differences serve to delineate the two regions from one another, with accompanying stereotypes.
The largest city in the North is Hanoi, the nation\'s capital; and the country\'s economic capital and largest city in the South today is Ho Chi Minh City (usually called Saigon).
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| 0 |
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# Northern, Central and Southern Vietnam
## Cultural differences {#cultural_differences}
The cultural differences between the regions can be divided into two main categories: \"tangible\" cultural differences such as traditional clothing, cuisine, and so on; and \"intangible\" cultural differences dealing with stereotypes of behavior, attitude and such between the people of these two regions.
### Perceived traits and stereotypes {#perceived_traits_and_stereotypes}
While relations between the two groups are generally civil, the increased contact due to the influx of northerners into the South since the start of the Vietnam War has given rise to very many stereotypes about people from different regions:
- Northerners, especially Hanoians, tend to view themselves as more cultured and refined.
- Southerners consider themselves more dynamic, and tolerant.
- Northerners are more concerned about status and appearances.
- Southerners are more liberal with their money while Northerners are more thrifty.
- Northerners are more socially conservative and afraid of change, while Southerners are more dynamic and more socially liberal.
- Southerners are more Westernized, while northerners are more Chinese, East European, Socialist and Communist-influenced.
- Southerners are more direct while the northerners are more formal.
### Cuisine
Cuisine is one of the cultural differences between the regions. Northern Vietnam being the \"cradle\" of ethnic Vietnamese civilization, bears many of Vietnam\'s signature dishes (such as *phở*and *bún chả*). The cuisine is perceived to be complex in ingredients but simplistic in flavours.
The South\'s cuisine has been influenced by the cuisines of southern Chinese immigrants and indigenous Cambodians, and thus Southerners prefer sweet and sour flavors, respectively, in many dishes. Examples of sour-flavored food items include canh chua and green mango salad/green papaya salad. Southern cookery also tends to use a significantly larger variety of fresh ingredients while Northern cuisine much relies on preserved and dried goods. The cuisines of Southern Vietnam and Cambodia also share considerable similarities in ingredients, cooking style and food dishes, such as hủ tiếu Nam Vang.
Central Vietnamese cooking is distinct from the cuisines of both the Northern and Southern regions, in its use of many small side dishes and requiring more complex preparation (ingredient prep, cooking, serving, etc.). The royal cuisine of Hue places greater importance and food presentation, examples like bánh bèo and bánh bột lọc. It is also distinctive in its spiciness when compared to its counterparts, for example in bún bò Huế. Food items from this region also tend to be lesser in size of individual portions. Central Vietnam dishes also feature a large amount of seafood.
Certain unusual foods are more prevalent in one region than in another. For example, dog meat is much more popular in the North than in the South. Cat meat is also eaten in Northern parts of the country. Similarly, certain seafood dishes and game meat, such as basa fish or grilled rodent meat, while popular in other parts of the country, is uncommon in the North.
Southern Vietnam has a renowned coffee culture while tea is the preferred beverage in the North.
### Clothing
Traditional clothes are also often used to symbolize different regions. In women\'s attire, commonly the áo tứ thân is associated with the North, the áo ngũ thân with the central region (due to its emergence in the Vietnamese royal court in the 18th century), and the áo bà ba in the South (although many of these clothes are worn across different regions). However, the áo dài is now a very popular and widely worn ladies\' attire nationwide.
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# Northern, Central and Southern Vietnam
## Cultural differences {#cultural_differences}
### Linguistic differences {#linguistic_differences}
thumb\|upright=1.25\|Map of main Vietnamese dialects The Vietnamese language features many accents, the three major dialects are those of the North, Center, and South with major differences in phonology and vocabulary. Due to cultural prominence, the Hanoi and Saigon accents are mostly intelligible to speakers from other regions. The Central accent, in particular from the provinces of Nghệ An, Hà Tĩnh, Quảng Bình, Quảng Nam, and Quảng Ngãi is often unintelligible to speakers outside of these regions.
Differences in these accents lie in several different factors, including but not limited to the following:
- Pronunciation of words, an example would be: a Hanoi is pronounced like the English /z/ while a Saigon is pronounced like the English /j/.
- Northern Vietnamese has the full 6 tones, whereas Southern Vietnamese has only 5 (merging two of the tones into one)
- Words ending in \"nh\" are pronounced differently between North and South (See Vietnamese phonology for details)
- Merging of the \"tr\" and \"ch\" sounds in Northern Vietnamese
- Some differences in vocabulary between different regions
- Northerners speak with a higher-pitched accent .
- Central Vietnamese (in the North-Central Coast, from Nghệ An to Huế) speak in a high-pitched, diverse accents. In areas of Nghệ An, people living in different villages could speak in completely different accents.
- Southerners, along with the South Central Coast provinces of Bình Định, Phú Yên, Khánh Hòa, Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận, speak in a lower-pitched, more monotone accent , which is also found in the accents of various aboriginal languages spoken by Montagnard hill tribe ethnicities.
In Central Vietnamese, the number of tones is reduced to 5 (om Quảng Trị and Huế accents) or only 4 (in Hà Tĩnh, Nghệ An and Quảng Bình accents). One of the distinctive feature of Central Vietnamese and Quảng Nam accent is the use of a different set of particles and pronouns, making it stand apart from Northern and Southern Vietnamese. For example, *chi*, *mô*, *tê*, *răng* and *rứa* (what, where, that, why and thus) are used instead of *gì*, *đâu*, *kìa*, *sao* and *vậy* in Standard Vietnamese.
While these differences may seem superficial to non-Vietnamese speakers, even the difference in phonology. The vocabulary of the different regions also differs, and the difference between Northern and Southern Vietnamese is quite striking.
Kinship terms are especially affected, as each term has a subtly different meaning in each region. In the South, the eldest child in a family is referred by the ordinal number two, while in the North \"number two\" refers to the second-eldest child. The vocabularies of the different regions also differ. Vocabulary differences can be confusing as sometimes the same word could have different meaning in each dialects. For example, the word *mận* refers to two different fruits: it is used for *Prunus salicina* (a type of plum) in the North, while in the South it refers to *Syzygium samarangense* (the rose apple). Similarly; *chè* is a dessert in Southern Vietnamese but in the Northern it has two meanings: *tea* and *chè*, *ốm* means sick in Northern Vietnamese and thin in Southern Vietnamese. \"bông\" refers to flower in Southern Vietnamese but means cotton in Northern Vietnamese, and the word địt refers to flatuence in the South but means \"fuck\" in the North.
### Differences in climate {#differences_in_climate}
Vietnam is located in both a tropical and a temperate zone. It is characterized by strong monsoon influences, but has a considerable amount of sun, a high rate of rainfall, and high humidity. Regions located near the tropics and at high altitudes are endowed with a temperate climate.
Northern Vietnam has a humid subtropical climate, with a full four seasons, with much cooler temperatures than in the South (which has a tropical savanna climate), as well as winters that can get quite cold, sometimes with frost. The lowest temperature reached in Hanoi was 2.7 C in 1955. Snow can even be (rarely) found in the high mountains of Northern Vietnam such as Sapa and Mount Mẫu Sơn when the region receives a strong cold wave.
Central and Southern Vietnam, which have a tropical climate, have only two main seasons: a dry season and a rainy season.
### Miscellaneous cultural differences {#miscellaneous_cultural_differences}
- While Southern Vietnamese often ring in the Tết Nguyên Đán with yellow *mai* (*Ochna integerrima*) blossoms, Northern Vietnamese often prefer *hoa đào* (peach) blossoms.
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# Northern, Central and Southern Vietnam
## Names
During French Indochina these regions were named in Vietnamese as *Bắc Kỳ* (北圻), *Trung Kỳ* (中圻), and *Nam Kỳ* (南圻); these terms itself had originated from the Minh Mạng period. During the Empire of Vietnam (a Japanese-sponsored state) these regions were renamed to *Bắc Bộ* (北部), *Trung Bộ* (中部), and *Nam Bộ* (南部) by Prime Minister Trần Trọng Kim. Following the creation of the State of Vietnam and the establishment of its government, the Chief of State Bảo Đại signed the two ordinances related to the administration and local governance of the State of Vietnam, namely Ordinance No. 1 (\"Organisation and Operation of civil authorities in Vietnam\") and Ordinance No. 2 (\"Statutes of Government office\"). These ordinances renamed the regions to Bắc Việt (北越), Trung Việt (中越), and Nam Việt (南越). Later on 4 August 1954 the government of the State of Vietnam enacted Ordinance No. 21 which renamed the regions to *Bắc Phần* (北分), *Trung Phần* (中分), and *Nam Nhần* (南分). On 24 October 1956 the South Vietnamese president Ngô Đình Diệm officially abolished the three region system as the regions were divided into smaller regions in South Vietnam
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# Shakatapuram
**Shakatapuram**, also known by the name **Bhandigadi**, is a religious place for Hindus located in the Koppa taluk of the state of Karnataka, India. It is located near Sringeri and is situated on the banks of river Tunga. It is famous for a Hindu Math called *Shri Vidya Peetam* which is present at this place. The Kumbhabhishekam event held at this place attracts a number of devotees.
## History
The history of the *Shri Vidya Peetam* can be traced to a sadhu named *Thotakacharya*, who was a disciple of Adi Shankara and the first pontiff of the *Uttaramnaya Jyotish Peetam*, a Hindu institution, located in Badrinath. A sadhu named *Sri Satya Theertha* who was of the same lineage as Thotakacharya, came to Shakatapuram about six centuries ago and established the *Shri Vidya Peetam*. An idol of the Hindu God, Lakshmi Narayana was brought by *Sri Satya Teertha* from Badarinath and installed at Shakatapuram. This is the presiding deity of this place. The Hindu Gods, Krishna, Raja Rajeshwari and Dattatreya are also worshipped here. The Math preaches the Advaita form of Hindu philosophy.
## Current scenario {#current_scenario}
The current pontiff of the Math is *Sri Sri Sri Krishnananda Theertha Mahaswamigal* who is the 33rd pontif to head this institution. He is a scholar in Kannada, Sanskrit and Vedanta and he became the head of this institution at the age of 13. He started touring India in 1994, to spread his message of goodwill and spirituality amongst the people.
In 1962, *Sri Sri Ramachandrananda Theertha*, the then pontiff of the Math established a branch at East Tambaram in Chennai.
## Kumbhabhisheka
Kumbhabhishekham was celebrated in the Math in 2001 and 2007. In 2001, the event were held to celebrate the installation of a temple to worship the Hindu Lord, Ganesha and the completion of 20 years of the pontificate of *Sri Krishnananda Theertha Mahaswamigal*. In 2007, the event attracted thousands of devotees from other states of India as well. This event was attended by the BJP leader, Murali Manohar Joshi. *Horekanike* (offerings of food articles) were made during this event
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# Operation Rocky Top
**Operation Rocky Top** was an investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation into political corruption in the Tennessee state government in the late 1980s.
## Code name {#code_name}
The code name for the investigation was derived from \"Rocky Top\", one of the state\'s official songs. Years later, another investigation of Tennessee public corruption was code-named Operation Tennessee Waltz, after another state song.
## Investigation
Operation Rocky Top was launched in 1986 as an FBI and Tennessee Bureau of Investigation undercover investigation into illegal activities in charity bingo, including the illegal sale of bingo licenses.
A first-year member of the Tennessee House of Representatives, Randy McNally of Oak Ridge, became a secret participant in the investigation in 1986 after he reported to authorities that a bingo lobbyist had offered him bribes and had boasted about bribing other lawmakers. For the duration of the investigation McNally wore a wire and cultivated the trust of bingo lobbyists and other insiders so they would talk freely in front of him and offer him bribes. Ned McWherter, who was Speaker of the Tennessee House when the investigation began and who was elected Governor of Tennessee in 1986, also was praised by federal officials for cooperating with the investigation.
## Results
Operation Rocky Top became public in January 1989 when W.D. \"Donnie\" Walker, a one-time bingo regulator in the state government who later became a lobbyist, pleaded guilty to offering McNally a \$10,000 (`{{Inflation|US|10000|1986|fmt=eq}}`{=mediawiki}) bribe in exchange for his vote on a measure to legalize horse racing. In exchange for a plea bargain, Walker gave investigators details on how he had helped bingo operators become chartered as bogus charities so they could obtain state licenses to run bingo games, and how bingo operators then channeled money back to state legislators who were part of the scheme. At the height of activity there were nearly 300 bingo operations in the state with estimated annual revenue of \$31 million.
The investigation resulted in more than 50 convictions and the incarceration of several politicians, most notably Tennessee House of Representatives\' majority leader, Democrat Tommy Burnett.
Two other targets of the investigation committed suicide before testifying, Tennessee Secretary of State Gentry Crowell, in December 1989, just before he was scheduled to testify for a third time before a federal grand jury, and State Representative Ted Ray Miller of Knoxville, after being charged with bribery. Following the scandal, Tennessee established limits on political contributions and placed new restrictions on lobbying
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| 0 |
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# American Hockey Association (1926–1942)
The **American Hockey Association** (**AHA**) was a minor professional hockey league that operated between 1926 and 1942. It had previously operated as the Central Hockey League, and before that as part of the United States Amateur Hockey Association. The AHA was the first professional hockey league to field teams in the Southern United States. The founding president was Alvin Warren, who also owned the St. Paul Saints.
Other founding owners included William Grant, league secretary and owner of the Duluth Hornets (and Warren\'s successor as president in 1930), Paul Loudon of the Minneapolis Millers, and William Holmes, owner of the league\'s only Canadian franchise, the Winnipeg Maroons, and also owner of the Winnipeg Auditorium.
## History
The United States Amateur Hockey Association split into two sections in 1925. The western-based teams formed a new league, which was initially called the \"Central Hockey Association\" before ultimately re-naming itself the \"American Hockey Association.\"
Eddie Livingstone, banished by National Hockey League team owners in 1917, owned the Chicago Cardinals. Eager to sign a new interleague agreement with the NHL in 1927, the AHA revoked Livingstone\'s franchise after one season when NHL president Frank Calder threatened that no deal would be signed with the league as long as it was associated with Livingstone.
The Oklahoma-based Tulsa Oilers and Missouri-based St. Louis Flyers took the ice in 1928, predating the NHL\'s short-lived St. Louis Eagles franchise by six years. The Kansas City Greyhounds were added to the league in 1933. The Oilers and Flyers were also joined in the early 1940s by two Texas-based teams, the Dallas Texans and Fort Worth Rangers.
By 1930, some AHA owners, led by Walter Whiteside of the Tulsa Oilers, were questioning the league\'s relationship with the NHL. They approved the creation of a new Chicago franchise, the Chicago Shamrocks, owned by James E. Norris, bringing the league into an NHL market. Renaming the league the **American Hockey League**, they also established a franchise in Buffalo, New York, an IHL city, which would have been prohibited under the previous agreement with the NHL. In October 1930, Calder declared the AHL to be an outlaw league and threatened never to allow any AHL players into the NHL. The NHL carried out its threat and denied the applications of former AHL players to join NHL teams for the 1931--32 season. In the fall of 1931, the AHL applied to the Stanley Cup trustees to challenge for the trophy, but was unsuccessful in its attempts to force the NHL into a series.
The AHL struggled through two seasons in opposition to the NHL. The Buffalo Majors folded halfway through the 1931--32 season, leaving 12 players who unsuccessfully tried to sue team owners to recover \$12,000 in unpaid salaries. By the summer of 1932, the AHL was willing to sign another affiliation agreement with the NHL and officially return to minor league status. The NHL insisted that the AHL leave Chicago, and the Shamrocks were shut down, despite having won the league championship. Norris was told that he would be welcomed into the NHL and acquired the Detroit franchise in 1933. The AHL went back to being known as the American Hockey Association.
The AHA, led by acting president Lyle Wright of the Omaha Knights, voted to shut the league down in the fall of 1942. It returned after World War II as the United States Hockey League, starting with the 1945--46 season.
## Teams
- Buffalo Majors (1930--31 to 1931--32)
- Chicago Americans / Cardinals (1926--27)
- Chicago Shamrocks (1930--31 to 1931--32)
- Dallas Texans (1941--42; joins USHL in 1945)
- Detroit Greyhounds (1926--27)
- Duluth Hornets (1926--27 to 1932--33)
- Fort Worth Rangers (1941--42; joins USHL in 1945)
- Kansas City Americans (1940--42; joins USHL in 1945)
- Kansas City Greyhounds (1933--40)
- Kansas City Pla-Mors (1927--33)
- Minneapolis Millers (1926--27 to 1930--31; 1936--37 to 1941--42; joins USHL in 1945)
- Minneapolis Warriors (1936)
- Oklahoma City Warriors (1933--34 to 1935--36)
- Omaha Knights (1939--40 to 1941--42; joins USHL in 1945)
- St. Louis Flyers (1928--29 to 1941--42)
- St. Paul Saints (1926--27 to 1929--30; 1932--33; 1935--36 to 1941--42; joins USHL in 1945)
- St. Paul Greyhounds (1932--33)
- Tulsa Indians (1933--34)
- Tulsa Oilers (1928--29 to 1931--32; 1932--33 to 1941--42; joins USHL in 1945)
- Wichita Blue Jays (1932--33)
- Wichita Skyhawks (1935--36 to 1939--40)
- Wichita Vikings (1933--34)
- Winnipeg Maroons (1926--27 to 1927--28)
### Timeline
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| 0 |
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# American Hockey Association (1926–1942)
## Champions
The Harry F. Sinclair Trophy was awarded to the league champions. `{{div col|colwidth=25}}`{=mediawiki}
- 1926--27 --- Duluth Hornets
- 1927--28 --- Minneapolis Millers
- 1928--29 --- Tulsa Oilers
- 1929--30 --- Kansas City Pla-Mors
- 1930--31 --- Tulsa Oilers
- 1931--32 --- Chicago Shamrocks
- 1932--33 --- Kansas City Pla-Mors
- 1933--34 --- Kansas City Greyhounds
- 1934--35 --- St. Louis Flyers
- 1935--36 --- St. Louis Flyers
- 1936--37 --- Minneapolis Millers
- 1937--38 --- St. Louis Flyers
- 1938--39 --- St. Louis Flyers
- 1939--40 --- St. Paul Saints
- 1940--41 --- St
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# Dave Deyoe
**Dave Deyoe** (born December 14, 1960) is the Iowa State Representative from the 51st District. He has served in the Iowa House of Representatives since January 2007.
Deyoe currently serves on several committees in the Iowa House -- the Agriculture, Appropriations, Economic Growth, and the Environmental Protection committees. He also serves as the chair of the Economic Development Appropriations budget subcommittee.
## Electoral history {#electoral_history}
\*incumbent `{{Compact election box no change begin}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
| election_title = [[Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2006|Iowa House of Representatives general elections, 2006]]
| election_note = District 10
| election_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sos.iowa.gov/elections/pdf/GenOffResults.pdf |title=Official Results Report, General Election held Tuesday, November 7th 2006 |publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]] |date=2006-11-21 |access-date=2013-12-03 |page=27 |format=PDF}}</ref>
| turnout_votes = 12,103
| result = gain
| loser_party = Iowa Democratic Party
| winner = Dave Deyoe
| winner_party = Republican Party of Iowa
| winner_votes = 6,358
| winner_percent = 52.53%
| candidate2 = Susan Radke*
| candidate2_party = Iowa Democratic Party
| candidate2_votes = 5,678
| candidate2_percent = 46.91%
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
| election_title = Iowa House of Representatives primary elections, 2008
| election_note = District 10
| election_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sos.iowa.gov/elections/pdf/2008/OfficialResultsReport2008Primary.pdf |title=2008 Primary Election Canvass Summary |publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]] |date=2008-06-29 |access-date=2013-12-03 |page=94 |format=PDF}}</ref>
| turnout_votes = 518
| result =
| winner = Dave Deyoe*
| winner_party = Republican Party of Iowa
| winner_votes = 510
| winner_percent = 98.46%
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
| election_title = [[Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2008|Iowa House of Representatives general elections, 2008]]
| election_note = District 10
| election_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sos.iowa.gov/elections/pdf/2008/OfficialCanvass2008General.pdf |title=2008 General Election Canvass Summary |publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]] |access-date=2013-12-03 |page=36 |format=PDF}}</ref>
| turnout_votes = 16,241
| result = hold
| winner = Dave Deyoe*
| winner_party = Republican Party of Iowa
| winner_votes = 9,240
| winner_percent = 56.89%
| candidate2 = Susan Radke
| candidate2_party = Iowa Democratic Party
| candidate2_votes = 6,310
| candidate2_percent = 38.85%
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
| election_title = Iowa House of Representatives primary elections, 2010
| election_note = District 10
| election_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sos.iowa.gov/elections/pdf/2010/canvsummary.pdf |title=2010 Official Primary Results Report |publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]] |date=2010-07-01 |access-date=2013-12-03 |page=36 |format=PDF}}</ref>
| turnout_votes = 2,626
| result =
| winner = Dave Deyoe*
| winner_party = Republican Party of Iowa
| winner_votes = 2,127
| winner_percent = 80.10%
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
| election_title = [[Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2010|Iowa House of Representatives general elections, 2010]]
| election_note = District 10
| election_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sos.iowa.gov/elections/pdf/2010/streporr.pdf |title=2010 General Election Canvass Summary |publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]] |date=2010-11-24 |access-date=2013-12-03 |page=9 |format=PDF}}</ref>
| turnout_votes = 13,104
| result = hold
| winner = Dave Deyoe*
| winner_party = Republican Party of Iowa
| winner_votes = 7,803
| winner_percent = 59.55%
| candidate2 = Selden Spencer
| candidate2_party = Iowa Democratic Party
| candidate2_votes = 4,734
| candidate2_percent = 36.13%
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
| election_title = Iowa House of Representatives primary elections, 2012
| election_note = District 49
| election_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sos.iowa.gov/elections/pdf/2012/primary/canvsummary.pdf |title=2012 Official Primary Results Report |publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]] |access-date=2013-12-03 |page=158 |format=PDF}}</ref>
| turnout_votes = 872
| result =
| winner = Dave Deyoe*
| winner_party = Republican Party of Iowa
| winner_votes = 728
| winner_percent = 83.49%
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
| election_title = [[Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2012|Iowa House of Representatives general elections, 2012]]
| election_note = District 49
| election_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sos.iowa.gov/elections/pdf/2012/general/canvsummary.pdf |title=2012 General Election Canvass Summary |publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]] |access-date=2013-12-03 |page=9 |format=PDF}}</ref>
| turnout_votes = 16,305
| result = (newly redistricted)
| winner = Dave Deyoe*
| winner_party = Republican Party of Iowa
| winner_votes = 9,192
| winner_percent = 56.38%
| candidate2 = Kevin Ericson
| candidate2_party = Iowa Democratic Party
| candidate2_votes = 6,171
| candidate2_percent = 37
| 652 |
Dave Deyoe
| 0 |
10,135,945 |
# List of songs recorded by Björk
Icelandic singer and songwriter Björk has recorded more than two hundred songs for ten studio albums, two soundtrack albums, a compilation album, six remix albums and three collaboration albums. She is the sole writer and producer of most of the songs included in her albums. She also sometimes plays instruments during her recording sessions. Moreover, she has provided credited and uncredited contributions on songs recorded by other artists, including background vocals, songwriting, remixing and production.
After enrolling at the Barnamúsíkskóli in Reykjavík, she started developing an interest in writing and performing. A live recording of her rendition of Tina Charles\' 1976 song \"I Love to Love\", sung when she was 10 years old, led to the signing of a record deal with Fálkinn. Her first eponymous solo release (1977), nowadays considered juvenilia, consisted of cover songs. Nonetheless, the album included her first composition, \"Jóhannes Kjarval\". Thereafter, Björk ventured into music bands experiences, singing as the lead voice of groups like Tappi Tíkarrass, Kukl, the Elgar Sisters and, most notably, the Sugarcubes. While recording with the Sugarcubes, Björk appeared as a background vocalist for fellow artists like Megas, Current 93 and Bless, and some of her original music was included in local music compilations. In 1990 she released *Gling-Gló* alongside Tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar, a cover album of jazz standards.
In 1993, after departing from The Sugarcubes, Björk released her first solo album, *Debut*, which propelled her to international stardom. The album was followed by a series of critically acclaimed recordings, including *Post* (1995), *Homogenic* (1997), *Vespertine* (2001), *Medúlla* (2004), *Volta* (2007), *Biophilia* (2011), *Vulnicura* (2015), *Utopia* (2017), and *Fossora* (2022). All of her albums were released under One Little Independent Records. Björk has collaborated with a number of artists and songwriters throughout her career, including Nellee Hooper, Sjón, Mark Bell, Anohni and Arca.
Björk\'s recorded output also encompasses songs recorded for motion pictures. She has composed theme songs for *The Young Americans* (1993), *Anton* (1996), *Being John Malkovich* (1999), *Með mann á bakinu* (2004), *Hot Chocolate* (2005) and *Moomins and the Comet Chase* (2010). Most notably, she created the soundtrack for *Dancer in the Dark* (2000), directed by Lars von Trier, while also acting as the main protagonist in the film itself, a role which gained her the Best Actress Award at the 53rd Cannes Film Festival, whereas her song \"I\'ve Seen It All\" received a nomination at the 73rd Academy Awards for Best Original Song. Björk reprised double duty as main actress and composer for Matthew Barney\'s *Drawing Restraint 9*, for which she recorded an eponymous soundtrack (2005). Her latest contribution for a film is recording background vocals for *The Northman* soundtrack, her fourth feature movie role.
During the course of her career, Björk\'s songs and compositions were nominated for several music awards. She has received five BRIT Awards, four MTV Video Music Awards, one Academy Award nomination, and sixteen Grammy Awards nominations. In 2010, the Royal Swedish Academy of Music awarded her with the prestigious Polar Music Prize, considered the equivalent of the \"Nobel Prize of Music\" in Sweden, praising \"her deeply personal music and lyrics, her precise arrangements and her unique voice\". In 2017, Björk released her first song book, titled *34 Scores for Piano, Organ, Harpsichord and Celeste*, which features a selection of arrangements for songs belonging to her catalogue.
A \|x=\|z=\|Sec1=Other contributions\|Sec2=See also\|Sec3=Notes\|Sec4=References\|extlinks=yes}}
| 564 |
List of songs recorded by Björk
| 0 |
10,135,945 |
# List of songs recorded by Björk
## Songs
-------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
Indicates single release
{{‡\|alt=Song released as a promotional single}} Indicates promotional single release
Indicates single release as a featured artist
§ Indicates songs unreleased in a commercial form
-------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
: Key
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| Song | Artist(s) | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Album(s) | Year | |
+=====================================================================================================================+================================+===============================+==============================+===================================================================+======+===+
| \"107 Steps\"\ | with\ | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Selmasongs* | 2000 | \ |
| | Siobhan Fallon | Sjón\ | Mark Bell | | | |
| | | Lars von Trier | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"5 Years\" | | Björk | Björk\ | *Homogenic* | 1997 | \ |
| | | | Mark Bell | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Aeroplane\" | | Björk | Nellee Hooper | *Debut* | 1993 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Afi\" | \ | Björgvin Gíslason\ | Björgvin Gíslason | *`{{sort|Orugglega|Örugglega}}`{=mediawiki}* | 1983 | \ |
| | featuring Björk Guðmundsdóttir | Bjartmar Guđlaugsson | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Afterwards\"\ | \ | Arca\ | Arca | *`{{sort|KiCk i|[[KiCk i]]}}`{=mediawiki}* | 2020 | \ |
| | featuring Björk | Björk\ | | | | |
| | | Antonio Machado | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Alarm Call\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | | Björk | Björk\ | *Homogenic* | 1997 | |
| | | | Mark Bell | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"`{{sort|Alfur Ut Ur Hol|[[The Fool on the Hill|Álfur Út Ur Hól]]}}`{=mediawiki}\"\ | | John Lennon\ | Pálmi Gunnarsson\ | *Björk* | 1977 | |
| | | Paul McCartney\ | Sigurður Karlsson\ | | | |
| | | Björgvin Hólm | Tony Cook | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"All Is Full of Love\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | | Björk | Howie B\ | *Homogenic* | 1997 | \ |
| | | | Björk\ | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"All Neon Like\" | | Björk | Björk\ | *Homogenic* | 1997 | \ |
| | | | Mark Bell | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"All We Are\"\ | with\ | David Longstreth | David Longstreth | *Mount Wittenberg Orca* | 2010 | \ |
| | Dirty Projectors | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Allow\" | featuring\ | Björk\ | Björk | *Fossora* | 2022 | |
| | Emilie Nicolas | Emilie Nicolas | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Alta Mira\"\ | | Edgar Winter\ | Pálmi Gunnarsson\ | *Björk* | 1977 | |
| | | Björgvin Hólm | Sigurður Karlsson\ | | | |
| | | | Tony Cook | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Ambergris March\" | | Björk | Björk\ | *Drawing Restraint 9* | 2005 | \ |
| | | | Mark Bell\ | | | |
| | | | Valgeir Sigurðsson | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Amphibian\"\ | | Björk | Björk\ | *Being John Malkovich*\ | | \ |
| | | | Valgeir Sigurðsson\ | \"Cocoon\" | | |
| | | | Mark Bell | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"An Echo, a Stain\" | | Björk\ | Björk | *Vespertine* | 2001 | \ |
| | | Guy Sigsworth | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Ancestors\"\ | | Björk\ | Björk | *Medúlla* | 2004 | \ |
| | | Tagaq | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Ancestress\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki}\ | featuring\ | Björk | Björk | *Fossora* | 2022 | |
| | Sindri Eldon | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Antarctic Return\" | | Björk | Björk | *Drawing Restraint 9* | 2005 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Arabadrengurinn\" | | Sævar Árnason\ | Pálmi Gunnarsson\ | *Björk* | 1977 | |
| | | Björgvin Hólm | Sigurður Karlsson\ | | | |
| | | | Tony Cook | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Arisen My Senses\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki}\ | | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Utopia* | 2017 | |
| | | Arca | Arca | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Army of Me\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki}\ | | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Post* | 1995 | \ |
| | | Graham Massey | Graham Massey\ | | | \ |
| | | | Nellee Hooper | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Arpeggio\" | | Björk | Björk | *Utopia* (Bird Call Boxset USB edition) | 2019 | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"`{{sort|Astartofrar|Ástartöfrar}}`{=mediawiki}\" | with\ | Valdimar Auðunsson | Tómas Magnús Tómasson | *Gling-Gló* | 1990 | |
| | Tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Atlantic\" | | Björk | Björk | \"Human Behaviour\" | 1993 | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Atom Dance\" | with\ | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Vulnicura* | 2015 | \ |
| | Anohni | Oddný Eir Ævarsdóttir | Arca | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Atopos\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | featuring\ | Björk\ | Björk | *Fossora* | 2022 | |
| | Kasimyn | Kasimyn | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Aurora\" | | Björk | Björk | *Vespertine* | 2001 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Bachelorette\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | | Björk\ | Björk | *Homogenic* | 1997 | \ |
| | | Sjón | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Bænin\"\ | | Melanie Safka\ | Pálmi Gunnarsson\ | *Björk* | 1977 | |
| | | Kolbrún Jónsdóttir | Sigurður Karlsson\ | | | |
| | | | Tony Cook | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Batabid\" | | Björk | Björk | \"Pagan Poetry\" | 2001 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Bath\"\ | | Björk\ | Björk | *Drawing Restraint 9* | 2005 | \ |
| | | Akira Rabelais | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Beautiful Mother\"\ | with\ | David Longstreth | David Longstreth | *Mount Wittenberg Orca* | 2010 | \ |
| | Dirty Projectors | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Bella Símamær\" | with\ | Mark Fontenoy\ | Tómas Magnús Tómasson | *Gling-Gló* | 1990 | |
| | Tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar | Loftur Guðmundsson | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Big Time Sensuality\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | | Björk\ | Nellee Hooper | *Debut* | 1993 | \ |
| | | Nellee Hooper | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"`{{sort|Bilavisur|[[The Blacksmith Blues|Bílavísur]]}}`{=mediawiki}\"\ | with\ | Jack Holmes\ | Tómas Magnús Tómasson | *Gling-Gló* | 1990 | |
| | Tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar | Jón Sigurðsson | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Black Lake\" | | Björk | Björk\ | *Vulnicura* | 2015 | \ |
| | | | Arca | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Blissing Me\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki}\ | | Björk | Björk\ | *Utopia* | 2017 | \ |
| | | | Arca | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Body Memory\" | | Björk | Björk\ | *Utopia* | 2017 | |
| | | | Arca | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Borealis\" | featuring\ | Jerrilynn Patton\ | Jerrilynn Patton | *Akoma* | 2024 | |
| | Björk | Björk | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"`{{sort|Bornin Vid Tjornina|Börnin Viđ Tjörnina}}`{=mediawiki}\" | with\ | Jenni Jónsson | Tómas Magnús Tómasson | *Gling-Gló* | 1990 | |
| | Tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Brestir Og Brak\" | with\ | Jón Múli Árnason\ | Tómas Magnús Tómasson | *Gling-Gló* | 1990 | |
| | Tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar | Jónas Árnason | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"`{{sort|Bukolla|[[Your Kiss Is Sweet|Búkolla]]}}`{=mediawiki}\"\ | | Stevie Wonder\ | Pálmi Gunnarsson\ | *Björk* | 1977 | |
| | | Syreeta Wright\ | Sigurður Karlsson\ | | | |
| | | Björgvin Hólm | Tony Cook | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Cetacea\" | | Björk\ | Björk | *Drawing Restraint 9* | 2005 | \ |
| | | Matthew Barney | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Charlene\" | | Björk\ | Björk\ | \"Isobel\" | 1995 | \ |
| | | Ken Downie\ | Nellee Hooper | | | |
| | | Ed Handley\ | | | | |
| | | Andy Turner | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Claimstaker\" | | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Utopia* | 2017 | |
| | | Arca | Arca | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Cocoon\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Vespertine* | 2001 | \ |
| | | Thomas Knak | Thomas Knak | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Come to Me\" | | Björk | Nellee Hooper | *Debut* | 1993 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Cosmogony\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | | Björk\ | Björk | *Biophilia* | 2011 | \ |
| | | Sjón | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Courtship\"\ | | Björk | Björk\ | *Utopia* | 2017 | |
| | | | Arca | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Cover Me\" | | Björk | Björk | *Post* | 1995 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Crying\" | | Björk\ | Nellee Hooper | *Debut* | 1993 | \ |
| | | Nellee Hooper | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Crystalline\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | | Björk | Björk\ | *Biophilia* | 2011 | \ |
| | | | 16bit | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Cvalda\" | with\ | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Selmasongs* | 2000 | \ |
| | Catherine Deneuve | Mark Bell\ | Mark Bell | | | |
| | | Sjón\ | | | | |
| | | Lars von Trier | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Dark Matter\" | | Björk\ | Björk | *Biophilia* | 2011 | \ |
| | | Mark Bell | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Declare Independence\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki}\ | | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Volta* | 2007 | \ |
| | | Mark Bell | Mark Bell | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Desired Constellation\" | | Björk\ | Björk | *Medúlla* | 2004 | \ |
| | | Olivier Alary | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Domestica\" | | Björk | Björk | \"Pagan Poetry\" | 2001 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Earth Intruders\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | | Timbaland\ | Timbaland\ | *Volta* | 2007 | \ |
| | | Danja\ | Björk\ | | | |
| | | Björk | Danja | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"`{{sort|Eg Veit Ei Hvad Skal Segja|[[Ricochet (Teresa Brewer song)|Ég Veit Ei Hvađ Skal Segja]]}}`{=mediawiki}\"\ | with\ | Larry Coleman\ | Tómas Magnús Tómasson | *Gling-Gló* | 1990 | |
| | Tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar | Joe Darion\ | | | | |
| | | Norman Gimbel\ | | | | |
| | | Loftur Guðmundsson | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Enjoy\" | | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Post* | 1995 | \ |
| | | Tricky | Tricky | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Fagurt Er í Fjörðum\" | | Látra-Björg | Björk | *Fossora* | 2022 | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Family\" | | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Vulnicura* | 2015 | \ |
| | | Arca | The Haxan Cloak\ | | | |
| | | | Arca | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Features Creatures\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki}\ | | Björk\ | Björk | *Utopia* | 2017 | |
| | | Sarah Hopkins | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Flétta\" | \ | Anohni\ | Anohni | *Swanlights* | 2010 | |
| | featuring Björk | Björk | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Foot Soldier\" | | Björk\ | Björk\ | \"Hidden Place\" | 2001 | |
| | | Mark Bell | Mark Bell | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Fossora\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki}\ | featuring\ | Björk\ | Björk | *Fossora* | 2022 | |
| | Kasimyn | Kasimyn | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Freefall\" | | Björk | Björk | *Fossora* | 2022 | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Frosti\" | | Björk | Björk | *Vespertine* | 2001 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Fungal City\" | featuring\ | Björk | Björk | *Fossora* | 2022 | |
| | Serpentwithfeet | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"`{{sort|Fusi Hreindyr|Fúsi Hreindýr}}`{=mediawiki}\" | | Björgvin Gíslason\ | Pálmi Gunnarsson\ | *Björk* | 1977 | |
| | | Björgvin Hólm | Sigurður Karlsson\ | | | |
| | | | Tony Cook | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Future Forever\" | | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Utopia* | 2017 | |
| | | Arca | Arca | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Generous Palmstroke\" | | Björk\ | Björk\ | \"Hidden Place\" | 2001 | \ |
| | | Zeena Parkins | Marius de Vries | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Gling Gló\" | with\ | Alfreð Clausen\ | Tómas Magnús Tómasson | *Gling-Gló* | 1990 | |
| | Tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar | Kristín Engilbertsdóttir | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Gloomy Sunday\" §\ | | Rezső Seress\ | Don Henley | *Stormy Weather* | 1998 | \ |
| | | Sam M. Lewis | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Glóra\" | | Björk | Björk | \"Big Time Sensuality\" | 1993 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Gotham Lullaby\"\ | with\ | Meredith Monk | Björk\ | *Monk Mix: Remixes and Interpretations of Music by Meredith Monk* | 2012 | |
| | the Brodsky Quartet | | Brodsky Quartet | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Gratitude\"\ | | Björk\ | Björk | *Drawing Restraint 9* | 2005 | \ |
| | | Matthew Barney | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Harm of Will\" | | Björk\ | Björk | *Vespertine* | 2001 | \ |
| | | Guy Sigsworth\ | | | | |
| | | Harmony Korine | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Headphones\" | | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Post* | 1995 | \ |
| | | Tricky | Tricky | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Heirloom\"\ | | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Vespertine* | 2001 | \ |
| | | Console | Console | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Her Mother\'s House\"\ | featuring\ | Björk\ | Björk | *Fossora* | 2022 | |
| | Ísadóra Bjarkardóttir Barney | Ísadóra Bjarkardóttir Barney | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Hidden Place\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki}\ | | Björk\ | Björk | *Vespertine* | 2001 | \ |
| | | Guy Sigsworth\ | | | | |
| | | Mark Bell\ | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Himnaför\" | | Björgvin Hólm | Pálmi Gunnarsson\ | *Björk* | 1977 | |
| | | | Sigurður Karlsson\ | | | |
| | | | Tony Cook | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"History of Touches\" | | Björk | Björk\ | *Vulnicura* | 2015 | \ |
| | | | Arca | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Hollow\" | | Björk | Björk | *Biophilia* | 2011 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Holographic Entrypoint\"\ | | Matthew Barney | Björk | *Drawing Restraint 9* | 2005 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Hope\" | | Björk\ | Björk | *Volta* | 2007 | \ |
| | | Timbaland | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Human Behaviour\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki}\ | | Björk\ | Nellee Hooper | *Debut* | 1993 | \ |
| | | Nellee Hooper | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Hunter\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | | Björk | Björk\ | *Homogenic* | 1997 | \ |
| | | | Mark Bell | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Hunter Vessel\" | | Björk | Björk | *Drawing Restraint 9* | 2005 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Hyperballad\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | | Björk | Björk\ | *Post* | 1995 | \ |
| | | | Nellee Hooper | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"I Can\'t Help Loving That Man\"\ | with\ | Oscar Hammerstein II\ | Tómas Magnús Tómasson | *Gling-Gló* | 1990 | |
| | Tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar | Jerome Kern | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"`{{sort|I Dansi Med Ter|[[Sway (Luis Demetrio song)|Í Dansi Með þér]]}}`{=mediawiki}\"\ | with\ | Pablo Beltrán Ruiz\ | Tómas Magnús Tómasson | *Gling-Gló* | 1990 | |
| | Tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar | Þorsteinn Sveinsson | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"I Go Humble\"\ | | Björk\ | Björk\ | \"Isobel\" | 1995 | \ |
| | | Mark Bell | Nellee Hooper | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"I Miss You\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki}\ | | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Post* | 1995 | \ |
| | | Howie B | Howie B | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"I Remember You\"\ | | Johnny Mercer\ | Björk | \"Venus as a Boy\" | 1993 | \ |
| | | Victor Schertzinger | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"I See Who You Are\" | | Björk\ | Björk | *Volta* | 2007 | \ |
| | | Mark Bell | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"I\'ve Seen It All\" ‡\ | with\ | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Selmasongs* | 2000 | \ |
| | Thom Yorke | Sjón\ | Mark Bell | | | |
| | | Lars von Trier | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Immature\" | | Björk | Mark Bell\ | *Homogenic* | 1997 | \ |
| | | | Björk\ | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"In the Musicals\"\ | | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Selmasongs* | 2000 | \ |
| | | Mark Bell\ | Mark Bell | | | |
| | | Sjón\ | | | | |
| | | Lars von Trier | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Innocence\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | | Timbaland\ | Timbaland\ | *Volta* | 2007 | \ |
| | | Danja\ | Björk\ | | | |
| | | Björk | Danja | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Isobel\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Post* | 1995 | \ |
| | | Marius de Vries\ | Nellee Hooper | | | |
| | | Nellee Hooper\ | | | | |
| | | Sjón | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"It\'s in Our Hands\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | | Björk | Björk\ | *Greatest Hits* | 2002 | \ |
| | | | Drew Daniel | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"It\'s Not Up to You\" | | Björk | Björk | *Vespertine* | 2001 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"It\'s Oh So Quiet\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki}\ | | Bert Reisfeld\ | Björk\ | *Post* | 1995 | \ |
| | | Hans Lang | Nellee Hooper | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Jóga\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Homogenic* | 1997 | \ |
| | | Sjón | Mark Bell | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Jóhannes Kjarval\" | | Björk | Pálmi Gunnarsson\ | *Björk* | 1977 | |
| | | | Sigurður Karlsson\ | | | |
| | | | Tony Cook | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Jólakötturinn\"\ | | Jóhannes úr Kötlum | Ríkarður Örn Pálsson | *Hvít er Borg og Bær* | 1987 | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Jólasveinar\" §\ | | Traditional | Kevin Ryder\ | *How the \... Stole Christmas* | 1995 | |
| | | | Gene \"Bean\" Baxter | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Karvel\" | | Björk\ | Graham Massey | \"I Miss You\" | 1997 | \ |
| | | Graham Massey | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Kata Rokkar\" | with\ | Theodór Einarsson | Tómas Magnús Tómasson | *Gling-Gló* | 1990 | |
| | Tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Keep Your Mouth Shut\"\ | featuring\ | Tricky\ | Tricky | *Nearly God* | 1996 | \ |
| | Björk | Björk | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Komið\"\ | | Björk | Björk | *Medúlla* (Bonus track) | 2004 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Leaving London\" | with\ | David Arnold | David Arnold | *The Young Americans* | 1993 | |
| | Björk | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Like Someone in Love\"\ | | Johnny Burke\ | Björk\ | *Debut* | 1993 | \ |
| | | Jimmy Van Heusen | Nellee Hooper | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Lilith\" | featuring\ | Plaid\ | Plaid | *Not for Threes* | 1997 | \ |
| | Björk | Björk | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Lionsong\" ‡ | | Björk | Björk\ | *Vulnicura* | 2015 | \ |
| | | | Arca | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Litli Tónlistarmaðurinn\" | with\ | Jack Holmes\ | Tómas Magnús Tómasson | *Gling-Gló* | 1990 | |
| | Tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar | Jón Sigurðsson | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Losss\" | | Björk | Björk\ | *Utopia* | 2017 | |
| | | | Rabit\ | | | |
| | | | Arca | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Luktar-Gvendur\" | with\ | Nat Simon\ | Tómas Magnús Tómasson | *Gling-Gló* | 1990 | |
| | Tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar | Eiríkur Eiríksson | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Með mann á bakinu\" §\ | | Björk | Björk | | 2004 | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Miðvikudags\" | | Björk | Björk | *Medúlla* | 2004 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Moon\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | | Björk\ | Björk | *Biophilia* | 2011 | \ |
| | | Damian Taylor | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Mother Heroic\" | | Björk\ | Björk | \"Hidden Place\" | 2001 | \ |
| | | E. E. Cummings\ | | | | |
| | | Guy Sigsworth | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Mouth Mantra\" | | Björk | Björk\ | *Vulnicura* | 2015 | \ |
| | | | Arca | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Mouth\'s Cradle\"\ | | Björk | Björk | *Medúlla* | 2004 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"`{{sort|Musastiginn|Músastiginn}}`{=mediawiki}\" | | Björgvin Gíslason | Pálmi Gunnarsson\ | *Björk* | 1977 | |
| | | | Sigurður Karlsson\ | | | |
| | | | Tony Cook | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Mutual Core\" | | Björk | Björk | *Biophilia* | 2011 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"My Juvenile\" | with\ | Björk | Björk | *Volta* | 2007 | \ |
| | Anohni | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"My Spine\"\ | featuring\ | Björk\ | Björk\ | \"It\'s Oh So Quiet\"\ | | \ |
| | Evelyn Glennie | Evelyn Glennie | Evelyn Glennie | *Telegram* | | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Mycelia\" | | Björk | Björk | *Fossora* | 2022 | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"`{{sort|Nattura|[[Náttúra]]}}`{=mediawiki}\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki}\ | | Björk | Björk | | 2008 | \ |
| | | | | | | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Nature Is Ancient\"\ | | Björk\ | Björk\ | \"Bachelorette\" | 1997 | \ |
| \"My Snare\"\ | | Mark Bell | Mark Bell | | | \ |
| | | | | | | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"New World\" ‡ | | Björk\ | Björk | *Selmasongs* | 2000 | \ |
| | | Sjón\ | | | | |
| | | Lars von Trier | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"No Embrace\"\ | with\ | David Longstreth | David Longstreth | *Mount Wittenberg Orca* | 2010 | \ |
| | Dirty Projectors | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"North\" §\ | \ | Björk | Björk | *Versations/Tetralogía* | 2005 | |
| | featuring Björk | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Notget\" | | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Vulnicura* | 2015 | \ |
| | | Arca | Arca | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Nu Flyver Anton\" § | | Jakob Gislason\ | Hilmar Örn Hilmarsson\ | *Anton* | 1995 | \ |
| | | Björk | Bjarne Helth Hansen | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"`{{sort|O Borg, Min Borg|Ó Borg, Mín Borg}}`{=mediawiki}\" | with\ | Haukur Morthens\ | | *Sódóma Reykjavík* | 1992 | |
| | Björk | Vilhjálmur frá Skáholti | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Ocean\"\ | with\ | David Longstreth | David Longstreth | *Mount Wittenberg Orca* | 2010 | \ |
| | Dirty Projectors | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Oceania\" ‡\ | | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Medúlla* | 2004 | \ |
| | | Sjón | Mark Bell | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"`{{sort|Oliver|Óliver}}`{=mediawiki}\" | | Jóhann Helgason\ | Pálmi Gunnarsson\ | *Björk* | 1977 | |
| | | Björgvin Hólm | Sigurður Karlsson\ | | | |
| | | | Tony Cook | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"`{{sort|Oll Birtan|Öll Birtan}}`{=mediawiki}\" | | Björk | Björk | *Medúlla* | 2004 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"On and Ever Onward\"\ | with\ | David Longstreth | David Longstreth | *Mount Wittenberg Orca* | 2010 | \ |
| | Dirty Projectors | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"One Day\" | | Björk | Nellee Hooper | *Debut* | 1993 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Ooops\" `{{Hash-tag}}`{=mediawiki} | featuring\ | 808 State\ | 808 State | *Ex:el* | 1991 | \ |
| | Björk | Björk | | | | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Opening Titles\" | with\ | David Arnold | David Arnold | *The Young Americans* | 1993 | |
| | Björk | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Oral\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | with\ | Björk | Björk\ | | 2023 | |
| | Rosalía | | Sega Bodega\ | | | |
| | | | Rosalía | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Overture\" | | Björk | Björk | *Selmasongs* | 2000 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Ovule\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki}\ | | Björk | Björk\ | *Fossora* | 2022 | |
| | | | El Guincho\ | | | |
| | | | Sideproject | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Oxygen\" | \ | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Her Greatest Hits* | 1997 | |
| | featuring Björk | Evelyn Glennie | Evelyn Glennie | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Pabbi Minn\"\ | with\ | Paul Burkhard\ | Tómas Magnús Tómasson | *Gling-Gló* | 1990 | |
| | Tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar | Þorsteinn Sveinsson | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Pagan Poetry\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | | Björk | Björk\ | *Vespertine* | 2001 | \ |
| | | | Marius de Vries\ | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Paradisia\" | | Björk | Björk | *Utopia* | 2017 | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Pearl\"\ | | Björk | Björk | *Drawing Restraint 9* | 2005 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Petrolatum\" | | Björk\ | Mark Bell\ | *Drawing Restraint 9*\ | 2005 | \ |
| | | Mark Bell | Björk\ | (Surrounded edition) | | |
| | | | Valgeir Sigurðsson | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Play Dead\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki}\ | with\ | Björk\ | David Arnold\ | *The Young Americans*\ | 1993 | \ |
| | David Arnold | David Arnold\ | Danny Cannon\ | *Debut*(Reissued edition) | | \ |
| | | Jah Wobble | Tim Simenon | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Pleasure Is All Mine\"\ | | Björk | Björk | *Medúlla* | 2004 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Pluto\" | | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Homogenic* | 1997 | \ |
| | | Mark Bell | Mark Bell | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Pneumonia\" | | Björk | Björk | *Volta* | 2007 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Possibly Maybe\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | | Björk | Björk\ | *Post* | 1995 | \ |
| | | | Nellee Hooper | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Prayer of the Heart\"\ | with\ | John Tavener\ | Björk | *A Portrait* | 2004 | \ |
| | Björk | Traditional | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Qmart\" | featuring\ | 808 State\ | 808 State | *Ex:el* | 1991 | \ |
| | Björk | Björk | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Quicksand\"\ | | Björk\ | Björk | *Vulnicura* | 2015 | \ |
| | | Spaces | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Ruby Baby\"\ | with\ | Jerry Leiber\ | Tómas Magnús Tómasson | *Gling-Gló* | 1990 | |
| | Tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar | Mike Stoller | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Sacrifice\" | | Björk | Björk | *Biophilia* | 2011 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Saint\" | | Björk | Björk\ | *Utopia* | 2017 | |
| | | | Arca | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Scary\" | | Björk\ | Björk | \"Bachelorette\" | 1997 | \ |
| | | Guy Sigsworth | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Scatterheart\"\ | | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Selmasongs* | 2000 | \ |
| | | Sjón\ | Mark Bell | | | |
| | | Lars von Trier | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Sharing Orb\"\ | with\ | David Longstreth | David Longstreth | *Mount Wittenberg Orca* | 2010 | \ |
| | Dirty Projectors | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Shimenawa\" | | Björk | Björk | *Drawing Restraint 9* | 2005 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Short Term Affair\" | featuring\ | Steve Brown\ | Tot Taylor | *Phenomenon* | 1997 | \ |
| | Björk | Steve Coogan | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Show Me Forgiveness\" | | Björk | Björk | *Medúlla* | 2004 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"`{{sort|Sidasta Eg|Sídasta Ég}}`{=mediawiki}\" | | Björk\ | Björk\ | \"Big Time Sensuality\" | 1993 | \ |
| | | Guðlaugur Kristinn Óttarsson\ | Guðlaugur Kristinn Óttarsson | | | |
| | | Þór Eldon | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"So Broken\" | | Björk | Björk | \"Jóga\" | 1997 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Sod Off\" | | Björk | Björk | \"Jóga\" | 1997 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Solstice\" | | Björk\ | Björk | *Biophilia* | 2011 | \ |
| | | Sjón | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Sonnets/Unrealities XI\" | | Björk\ | Björk | *Medúlla* | 2004 | \ |
| | | E. E. Cummings | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Sorrowful Soil\" | | Björk | Björk | *Fossora* | 2022 | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"`{{sort|Stigdu Mig|Stígðu Mig}}`{=mediawiki}\" | | Björk\ | Björk\ | \"Venus as a Boy\" | 1993 | \ |
| | | Guðlaugur Kristinn Óttarsson\ | Guðlaugur Kristinn Óttarsson | | | |
| | | Þór Eldon | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Stonemilker\" ‡ | | Björk | Björk | *Vulnicura* | 2015 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Storm\"\ | | Björk\ | Björk | *Drawing Restraint 9* | 2005 | \ |
| | | Leila Arab | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Submarine\"\ | | Björk | Björk\ | *Medúlla* | 2004 | \ |
| | | | Mark Bell | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Sue Me\" | | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Utopia* | 2017 | |
| | | Arca | Arca | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Sun in My Mouth\" | | Björk\ | Björk | *Vespertine* | 2001 | \ |
| | | E. E. Cummings\ | | | | |
| | | Guy Sigsworth | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Surrender\" `{{Hash-tag}}`{=mediawiki} | featuring\ | Ólöf Arnalds | Davíð Þór Jónsson\ | *Innundir skinni* | 2010 | |
| | Björk | | Kjartan Sveinsson | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Sweet Intuition\"\ | | Björk\ | The Black Dog\ | \"Army of Me\" | 1995 | \ |
| | | Ken Downie\ | Björk | | | |
| | | Ed Handley\ | | | | |
| | | Andy Turner\ | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Synchronicity\" §\ | | Björk | Björk\ | | 2004 | |
| | | | Valgeir Sigurðsson | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Tabula Rasa\" | | Björk | Björk\ | *Utopia* | 2017 | |
| | | | Arca | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"`{{sort|Tad Sest Ekki Saetari Mey|[[You Can't Get a Man with a Gun|Þad Sést Ekki Sætari Mey]]}}`{=mediawiki}\"\ | with\ | Irving Berlin\ | Tómas Magnús Tómasson | *Gling-Gló* | 1990 | |
| | Tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar | Loftur Guðmundsson | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Takk\" | with\ | þórhallur\ | | *Sódóma Reykjavík* | 1992 | |
| | þórhallur | Björk | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Tetralógia\" §\ | \ | Björk | Björk\ | *Versations/Tetralogía* | 2005 | |
| | featuring Björk | | Daníel Ágúst Haraldsson | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"The Anchor Song\" | | Björk | Björk | *Debut* | 1993 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"The Boho Dance\"\ | | Joni Mitchell | Björk\ | *A Tribute to Joni Mitchell* | 2007 | |
| | | | Guy Sigsworth | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"The Comet Song\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki}\ | | Björk\ | Björk\ | | 2010 | \ |
| | | Sjón | Matthew Herbert\ | | | \ |
| | | | Mark Bell | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"The Dull Flame of Desire\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki}\ | with\ | Björk\ | Björk | *Volta* | 2007 | \ |
| | Anohni | Fyodor Tyutchev | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"The Gate\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki}\ | | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Utopia* | 2017 | \ |
| | | Arca | Arca | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"The Modern Things\" | | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Post* | 1995 | \ |
| | | Graham Massey | Graham Massey\ | | | |
| | | | Nellee Hooper | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"There\'s More to Life Than This\" | | Björk\ | Nellee Hooper | *Debut* | 1993 | \ |
| | | Nellee Hooper | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"This Country Makes It Hard to Fuck\" (Björk Remix)\ | featuring\ | Fever Ray | Fever Ray\ | *Country Creatures* | 2019 | |
| | Björk | | Peder Mannerfelt | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Thunderbolt\" | | Björk\ | Björk | *Biophilia* | 2011 | \ |
| | | Oddný Eir Ævarsdóttir | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Tondeleyo\" | with\ | Sigfús Halldórsson\ | Tómas Magnús Tómasson | *Gling-Gló* | 1990 | |
| | Tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar | Tómas Guðmundsson | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Trance\" §\ | | Björk | Björk | | 2010 | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Travessia\" §\ | | Milton Nascimento\ | Eumir Deodato\ | | 1996 | \ |
| | | Fernando Brant | Arnaldo DeSouteiro | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Triumph of a Heart\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | | Björk | Björk | *Medúlla* | 2004 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Trölla-Gabba\" | featuring\ | Björk\ | Björk | *Fossora* | 2022 | |
| | Kasimyn | Kasimyn | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Undo\" | | Björk\ | Björk | *Vespertine* | 2001 | \ |
| | | Thomas Knak | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Unison\"\ | | Björk | Björk | *Vespertine* | 2001 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Unravel\" | | Björk\ | Björk\ | *Homogenic* | 1997 | \ |
| | | Guy Sigsworth | Guy Sigsworth | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Utopia\" | | Björk | Björk\ | *Utopia* | 2017 | |
| | | | Arca | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Venus as a Boy\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | | Björk | Nellee Hooper | *Debut* | 1993 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Verandi\" | | Björk | Björk\ | \"Hidden Place\" | 2001 | \ |
| | | | Valgeir Sigurðsson\ | | | |
| | | | Marius de Vries | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Vertebræ by Vertebræ\"\ | | Björk | Björk\ | *Volta* | 2007 | \ |
| | | | Damian Taylor | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Vessel Shimenawa\" | | Björk | Björk | *Drawing Restraint 9* | 2005 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Victimhood\" | | Björk | Björk | *Fossora* | 2022 | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Violently Happy\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | | Björk\ | Nellee Hooper | *Debut* | 1993 | \ |
| | | Nellee Hooper | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Virus\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | | Björk\ | Björk | *Biophilia* | 2011 | \ |
| | | Sjón | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"`{{sort|Visur Vatnsenda-Rosu|[[Vísur Vatnsenda-Rósu]]}}`{=mediawiki}\"\ | | Rósa Guðmundsdóttir\ | Hector Zazou | *Chansons des mers froides*\ | | \ |
| | | Jón Ásgeirsson | | \"Possibly Maybe\" | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"`{{sort|Vokuro|Vökuró}}`{=mediawiki}\"\ | | Jórunn Viðar\ | Björk | *Medúlla* | 2004 | \ |
| | | Jakobína Sigurðardóttir | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Wanderlust\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | | Björk\ | Björk | *Volta* | 2007 | \ |
| | | Sjón | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"When the World Comes to an End\"\ | with\ | David Longstreth | David Longstreth | *Mount Wittenberg Orca* | 2010 | \ |
| | Dirty Projectors | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Where Is the Line\" ‡\ | | Björk | Björk\ | *Medúlla* | 2004 | \ |
| | | | Mark Bell | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Who Is It (Carry My Joy on the Left, Carry My Pain on the Right)\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki}\ | | Björk | Björk | *Medúlla* | 2004 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Woe (I See It from Your Side)\" (Björk Remix) `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki}\ | featuring\ | Shygirl\ | Shygirl\ | *Nymph_o* | 2023 | |
| | Björk | Karma Kid\ | Karma Kid\ | | | |
| | | Sega Bodega\ | Sega Bodega\ | | | |
| | | Cosha\ | Mura Masa\ | | | |
| | | Mura Masa\ | Björk | | | |
| | | Björk | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Yoga\" | featuring\ | Tricky\ | Tricky | *Nearly God* | 1996 | \ |
| | Björk | Björk | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"You Only Live Twice\" §\ | | Leslie Bricusse\ | David Arnold | | 1997 | \ |
| | | John Barry | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"You\'ve Been Flirting Again\" | | Björk | Björk | *Post* | 1995 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
| | | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------+---+
: Name of song, performing artists, writers, originating albums, and year released.
| 6,555 |
List of songs recorded by Björk
| 1 |
10,135,945 |
# List of songs recorded by Björk
## Other contributions {#other_contributions}
-- --------------------------
Indicates single release
-- --------------------------
: Key
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| Song | Artist(s) | Role(s) | Album | Year | |
+=============================================+========================================================================+======================================+==============================================+======+===+
| \"Sigur\" | Bergþóra Árnadóttir | - Background vocals | *Bergmál* | 1982 | |
| | | - Shaker | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Við\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Þau Gengu Tvö\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| Johann Sebastian Bach\'s *Matthäus-Passion* | Pólýfónkórinn, Hamrahlíðarkórinn, Kór Öldutúnsskóla og 2 kammersveitir | - Choir member (Hamrahlíðarkórinn) | *Mattheusar-Passía* | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Djúp Fyrir Mig\" | Various Artists | - Interpreter | *Lystisnekkjan Gloría* | 1986 | |
| | | - Flute | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Lungu\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Lifað Í Vatni\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Sálmur 323\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Við Birkiland\" | Megas | - Background vocals | *Loftmynd* | 1987 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Björg\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Plastpokablús\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Skúli Fógeti\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Á horninu\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Ástarsaga\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Magister Lyngdal\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Nótt\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"það sem best er\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Börn í borg\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Reykjavíkurnætur\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Filahirðirinn frá Súrin\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Drukknuð Börn\" | | | *Höfuðlausnir* | 1988 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Tæblús\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"(Borðið þér) Orma frú Norma\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Borgarblús\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Drengirnir í Bangkok\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Í Öskjuhlíð\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Aðeins eina Nótt\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Álafossúlpan\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Litla Stúlkan með Eldspýturnar\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Telpurnar í Bangkok\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"(Öskjuhliðarendi) Homage á Paden Powel\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Pæklaðar Plómur\" | | | *Hættuleg hljómsveit & glæpakvendið Stella* | 1990 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Greip & Eplasafi\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Ekki Heiti Ég Elísabet\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Ungfrú Reykjavík\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Söngur Um Ekkert\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Styrjaldarminni\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Hafmeyjarblús\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Svefn er Allt Sem Þarf\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Söngur um Ekkineitt\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Worlds Collapse\" | Bless | | *Gums* | | \ |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Yonder\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Falling\" | Current 93 and Hilmar Örn Hilmarsson | | *Island* | 1991 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Bedtime Story\" `{{dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | Madonna | - Songwriter | *Bedtime Stories* | 1994 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Party Town (The Groove of Hafnir City)\" | HAM | - Keyboards | *Dauður Hestur* | 1995 | |
| | | - Composer | | | |
| | | - Producer | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Sodoma Theme\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Animalia\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"On the Run Again\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Stressed Out\" (Married to the Mob Mix) | A Tribe Called Quest | - Remixer | \"Stressed Out\" | 1996 | \ |
| | | - Background vocals | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Stressed Out\" (Dandelions Mix) | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Stressed Out\" (Say Dip Mix) | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Cabin in the Sky\" | Matmos | - Celesta | *The Civil War* | 2003 | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Roses and Teeth for Ludwig Wittgenstein\" | | - Interpreter | *The Rose Has Teeth in the Mouth of a Beast* | 2006 | \ |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Up My Sleeves\" | Death Grips | - Found object\ | *The Powers That B* | 2014 | \ |
| | | (vocal samples) | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Billy Not Really\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Black Quarterback\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Say Hey Kid\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Have a Sad Cum\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Fuck Me Out\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Voila\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Big Dipper\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Sonnets/Unrealities XI\" | Hamrahlíðarkórinn | - Choir adaptation | *Come and Be Joyful* | 2020 | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| \"Cosmogony\" | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| | Robin Carolan and Sebastian Gainsborough | - Background vocals | *The Northman* | 2022 | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
| | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+------+---+
: Name of song, performing artists, featured roles, originating albums, and year released
| 918 |
List of songs recorded by Björk
| 2 |
10,135,962 |
# Brídín Brennan
**Brídín Ní Bhraonáin**, professionally known as **Brídín Brennan**, is an Irish pop singer from Gweedore, County Donegal. She is the youngest of nine siblings, notably the sister of Enya, Moya Brennan, Ciarán Brennan, and Pól Brennan, and has also toured with family band Clannad.
## Career
Brídín\'s musical career began in the 1990s, when her sister Moya asked her to join as a vocalist at Clannad\'s live performances, and with the Duggans (also members of Clannad). Brídín featured on \"Noinín/The Mucky Duck\".
Over the next few years she accompanied Clannad on tours in Ireland and abroad, and took part in recording on some of their albums and appeared as a backing singer for Moya Brennan on the television shows *Later\... with Jools Holland* in the UK and *The Tonight Show* with Jay Leno in the United States.
She went on to work along with her other sisters Olive and Deirdre on Moya Brennan\'s solo projects, including the first and second solo albums *Máire* and *Misty Eyed Adventures*. Brídín went on to record her sole album *Eyes of Innocence* in 2005. The album was exclusively released in Ireland.
Prior to her music career, Brídín started work as a hairdresser, \"for two to two-and-a-half years in Donegal when I left school.\" She also worked as a senior receptionist at the Charles Worthington salon in London, and also as a food safety receptionist.
## Discography
*Albums*
*Eyes of Innocence* (2005)
*Singles*
- \"Hang On\" (2001)
- \"You Can\'t Hurt Me\" (2005)
## Personal life {#personal_life}
In 2001, Brídín married Australian-born Cameron Campbell. They have two young daughters. Enya is godmother to one of Brídín\'s daughters
| 275 |
Brídín Brennan
| 0 |
10,135,992 |
# Tiny Lights
**Tiny Lights** was a music group formed in Hoboken, New Jersey by John Hamilton (guitar/vocals) and Donna Croughn (vocals/electric violin) in 1985. Original members include Dave Dreiwitz (bass/trumpet), Jane Scarpantoni (cello), John Mastro (drums). Based in Hoboken, New Jersey, the group frequently performed at Maxwell\'s and the Court Tavern in New Brunswick, New Jersey. They recorded a total of seven albums, two of which were later released on Psychic TV\'s Temple Records. From 1988 to 1994 Tiny Lights toured the United States extensively. A compilation album, *The Young Person\'s Guide to Tiny Lights* was released on Bar/None Records in 1995. Other members include Stuart Hake (cello), Andy Demos (drums), Catherine Bent (cello), Andy Burton (piano, organ), and Ron Howden (drums---formerly the drummer for Nektar).
The group\'s members employed a rich array of instrumentation, including cello, electric violin, trumpet, soprano saxophone, tabla drums and bass clarinet. Improvisation was a constant feature of their live performances. *Rolling Stone* memorably described the band as \"Sly and the Family Partridge.\"
Dave Dreiwitz went on to play bass for the band Ween. Jane Scarpantoni has enjoyed a career recording and touring for artists including Lou Reed, Richard Barone, Bob Mould, 10,000 Maniacs, R.E.M., The Indigo Girls, Bruce Springsteen, and the Lounge Lizards. Donna Croughn recorded with Bob Bert for Bewitched on Sub Pop. Catherine Bent subsequently toured with Cirque du Soleil, has performed and recorded with jazz and pop artists including Joe Jackson, Lee Konitz and Kanye West, and is a professor at Berklee College of Music. John Hamilton and Donna Croughn are raising their two children, Jasper and Henry, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where John works as a Professor of Comparative Literature and German at Harvard University.
On July 10, 2011, John Hamilton granted permission on behalf of Tiny Lights to host recordings on the Live Music Archive, linked below, and there is a small but growing collection of live recordings of the band that fans have been contributing
| 327 |
Tiny Lights
| 0 |
10,135,993 |
# Northern Vietnam
**Northern Vietnam** or ***Tonkin*** (*Bắc Bộ*) is one of three geographical regions in Vietnam. It consists of three geographic sub-regions: the Northwest (Vùng Tây Bắc), the Northeast (Vùng Đông Bắc), and the Red River Delta (Đồng Bằng Sông Hồng). It is near China. Unlike tropical Central and Southern Vietnam, Northern Vietnam has a subtropical climate.
It has a total area of about 109,942.9 km^2^. Its largest city Hanoi is now Vietnam\'s capital. Among the three geographical regions, the oldest is Northern Vietnam. Vietnamese culture originated in the Red River Delta and the Kinh Vietnamese eventually spread south into the Mekong Delta.
## Administration
**Northern Vietnam** includes three administrative regions, which in turn comprises 25 First Tier units.
+-------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------+-------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Administrative Region | First Tier Administrative Units | Area (km^2^) | Population (2022) | Population Density\ | Notes |
| | | | | (people/ km^2^) | |
+===========================================+======================================+==============+===================+=====================+=====================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================+
| **Northeast** (Đông Bắc Bộ) | Bắc Giang\ | 50,826.38 | 9,474,710 | 186.41 | contains most of the mountainous provinces that lie to north of the highly populated Red River lowlands. Four of them are along Vietnam\'s border with China. |
| | Bắc Kạn\ | | | | |
| | Cao Bằng\ | | | | |
| | Hà Giang\ | | | | |
| | Lạng Sơn\ | | | | |
| | Phú Thọ\ | | | | |
| | Quảng Ninh\ | | | | |
| | Thái Nguyên\ | | | | |
| | Tuyên Quang | | | | |
+-------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------+-------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **Northwest** (Tây Bắc Bộ) | Điện Biên\ | 50,565.71 | 4,911,370 | 97.13 | contains inland provinces in the west of Vietnam\'s northern part. Three of them are along Vietnam\'s border with Laos, and two border China (Dien Bien borders both China and Laos). |
| | Hòa Bình\ | | | | |
| | Lai Châu\ | | | | |
| | Lào Cai\ | | | | |
| | Sơn La\ | | | | |
| | Yên Bái | | | | |
+-------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------+-------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **Red River Delta** (Đồng Bằng Sông Hồng) | Bắc Ninh\ | 15,070.70 | 22,091,250 | 1,465.84 | contains the small but populous provinces along the mouth of the Red River. The Red River Delta has the smallest area but highest population and population density of all regions. It is also the only region without any land borders with neighboring countries. |
| | Hà Nam\ | | | | |
| | Hà Nội `{{ref|a|†}}`{=mediawiki}\ | | | | |
| | Hải Dương\ | | | | |
| | Hải Phòng `{{ref|a|†}}`{=mediawiki}\ | | | | |
| | Hưng Yên\ | | | | |
| | Nam Định\ | | | | |
| | Ninh Bình\ | | | | |
| | Thái Bình\ | | | | |
| | Vĩnh Phúc | | | | |
+-------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------+-------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
: Northern Vietnam
Municipality (thành phố trực thuộc trung ương)
Of all 25 First Tier units, two are municipalities and 23 are provinces
| 527 |
Northern Vietnam
| 0 |
10,136,005 |
# Electoral district of Broken Hill
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 7, column 43):
unexpected 'n'
{| class="wikitable" style='border-style: none none none none;'
^
``
| 26 |
Electoral district of Broken Hill
| 0 |
10,136,034 |
# Andro, Imphal East
**Andro** is a village and a nagar panchayat in Imphal East district in the state of Manipur, India.
Andro is an earmarked Scheduled Caste village which has been developed to represent the cultural heritage and artful creativeness of the Manipuri tribes. Located at distance of 25 km towards east of Imphal Andro creates an authentic Manipuri village along with the cultural complex established and run by the Mutua Museum Imphal. This complex encompasses varieties of pottery creations from north eastern India. The doll house of the complex has been imaginatively developed by displaying 29 different types of dolls that represent the cross cultural mix of Manipuri tribes across the region. Authentic Manipuri pottery can be purchased and even a few tricks of trade can be learned at the town.
## Pottery
Andro is a small hamlet located towards the east of Imphal and is popularly known for its pottery.
This village is home to the Andro Gramshang Museum, which comprises different varieties of traditional pots namely, Pudond Makhong, Walom, Ngangkha and Yukhum. Among other varieties are Wangkham, Kambi, Kambi Makhong Panba and Eshaiphu. Pottery can only be done by the married women of Andro. Traditional methods of pottery are replaced with a flat stone and a bat, which is used to beat the mud into a required shape. Along with pots, the women also make vases, piggy banks and lamps. Apart from pottery, Andro is also famous for a Doll House, which showcases dolls belonging to 29 popular Manipuri tribes.
## Transportation
This small village has also witnessed a certain level of development in terms of transportation facilities. Travellers can easily avail buses, cycles, auto-rickshaws and taxis to access different locations. The suitable time to visit Andro is from the months of October to February, when the climate is pleasant
## Demographics
India census, Andro had a population of 8313. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Andro has an average literacy rate of 47%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 56% of the males and 44% of females literate. 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.
## Politics
Andro is part of Inner Manipur (Lok Sabha constituency)
| 369 |
Andro, Imphal East
| 0 |
10,136,041 |
# FIZ Karlsruhe
**FIZ Karlsruhe --- Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure**, formerly **Fachinformationszentrum Karlsruhe**, is a not-for-profit company with the public mission to make sci-tech information from all over the world publicly available and to provide related services in order to support the national and international transfer of knowledge and the promotion of innovation. The service institution is member of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Scientific Community, a union of German research institutes. The institute provides information services and infrastructure for the academic and research community and maintains a collection of scientific databases.
Business areas:
1. **STN International**, the online service for sci-tech research and patent information, offers a wide array of databases, the FIZ AutoDoc full-text delivery service, and retrieval, analysis, and visualization functions. STN is developed and operated by FIZ Karlsruhe in cooperation with CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service, Columbus/Ohio). The Scientific & Technical Information Network, offered in partnership with the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), resells over 200 scientific and patent databases including CAS REGISTRY and CAplus, INSPEC, Compendex, Derwent World Patents Index, INPADOC, the USPTO Genetic Sequence Database (USGENE), and GENESEQ. In May 2009, FIZ Karlsruhe became the European marketing agent for the SequenceBase data subscription version of USGENE.
2. KnowEsis comprises e-Science solutions, e.g. digital infrastructures, independent of scientific disciplines, that support the process of research in all its stages, from idea to experiment, analysis, data aggregation, and publication. The activities focus on virtual research environments, hosting, and long-term availability.
3. Databases and Information Services comprises both conventional database production and the development and operation of science portals in the following subject areas:
- Mathematics and computer science: The main product here is zbMATH (Zentralblatt für Mathematik), an abstracting service in mathematics research, offering detailed abstracts and reviews dating back to 1868. The computer science portal io-port.net provides access to computer science publications from all over the world.
- Crystallography and chemistry: The Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD). FIZ Karlsruhe also indexes scientific publications for the CA database on behalf of Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS).
- Energy: On behalf of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) FIZ Karlsruhe represents Germany in the international co-operations ETDE and INIS producing the databases ENERGY (energy and energy technology) and INIS (peaceful use of nuclear research and nuclear technology). On behalf of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi), FIZ Karlsruhe's BINE information service supports the targeted dissemination of research results in the fields of energy efficiency and renewables.
FIZ Karlsruhe also conducts applied research on data management, information mining and information retrieval in close collaboration with academic institutions and research organizations and offers professional training and support to young scientists.
## Databases
- Zentralblatt MATH zbMATH Database (formerly Zentralblatt für Mathematik - Mathematics Abstracts)
- MathEduc Database (formerly ZDM: Zentralblatt für Didaktik der Mathematik / International Reviews on Mathematical Education)
- *io-port*, an informatics portal and computer science database, also containing entries from the Computer Science section of Zentralblatt MATH
- Inorganic Crystal Structure Database
- ETDEWEB, Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDE)
- ENERGY, a bibliographic database on energy research and energy technology. \"The (FIZ Karlsruhe) ENERGY database is produced in collaboration with the Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDE), a program of the International Energy Agency (IEA)
| 538 |
FIZ Karlsruhe
| 0 |
10,136,047 |
# Chuck Ramsey
**Lowell Wallace \"Chuck\" Ramsey** (born February 24, 1952), is an American former professional football player who was a punter for eight seasons with the New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL). Previously he played with the Chicago Fire of the World Football League (WFL).
During his time as a Jet, in fact, throughout his entire NFL career, he averaged exactly 40 yards per punt and only had 4 punts blocked. He punted 553 times for 22,128 yards. He averaged 42.4 yards per punt in 1980, and his longest punt was 79 yards in his first full season, 1978
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# KineticNovel
is a brand of the Japanese software publishing company Visual Arts. The productions of the KineticNovel label are unlike other visual novels in that no choices are given to the player -- they have only one possible outcome. The player can choose when to go to the next dialogue screen or else put the game on autoplay and just sit back and enjoy, analogous to listening to a CD or watching a DVD movie. The majority of KineticNovel\'s products contain adult material of a sexual nature, though all-ages products are produced as well, such as Key\'s *Planetarian: The Reverie of a Little Planet*.
The company gets most of its sales via offering its products for download over the Internet. However, there are instances where kinetic novels will be ported to consumer consoles, as with what occurred with *Planetarian* when it was ported to the PlayStation 2 by Prototype. After over three years since the last kinetic novel was produced in April 2006, the VisualArt\'s brand Issue produced a new kinetic novel, *Meitantei Shikkaku na Kanojo*, on August 28, 2009.
## Kinetic novels {#kinetic_novels}
- *Planetarian: The Reverie of a Little Planet*, released November 29, 2004 by Key
- *Maiden Halo*, released January 7, 2005 by Giant Panda
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# The Least Worst of the Suicide Machines
***The Least Worst of the Suicide Machines*** is a compilation album by the Detroit, Michigan punk rock band The Suicide Machines, released in 2002 by Hollywood Records. It has tracks from all of the band\'s albums on the Hollywood label: *Destruction by Definition* (1996), *Battle Hymns* (1998), *The Suicide Machines* (2000), and *Steal This Record* (2001). It also includes several previously unreleased bonus tracks. The album was released shortly after the band had left the Hollywood label and signed with Side One Dummy Records.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
## Performers
- Jason Navarro - vocals
- Dan Lukacinsky - guitar, backing vocals
- Royce Nunley - bass, backing vocals
- Derek Grant - drums, hammond organ, clavinet, piano, backing vocals (tracks 1--14, 27 & 28)
- Ryan Vandeberghe - drums (tracks 15--26, 29 & 30)
- Vinnie Nobile - trombone (tracks 1--8)
- Larry Klimas - tenor saxophone (tracks 1--8)
- Joe Bishara - loops and programming (tracks 15--20)
- Bennett Salvay - orchestral arrangements and organ (tracks 15--20)
## Album information {#album_information}
- Record label: Hollywood Records
- All songs written by The Suicide Machines
- Tracks 1--8 produced by Julian Raymond, Phil Kaffel, and The Suicide Machines. Tracks 9--14, 27 & 28 Produced by Julian Raymond and The Suicide Machines. Tracks 15--20, 29 & 30 produced by Julian Raymond.
- Tracks 1--8 recorded November--December 1995 at A&M Studios in Hollywood, California by Phil Kaffel with assistance by Alex Reed and Krish Sharma. Tracks 9--20 recorded at A&M Studios in Hollywood. Tracks 21--26 recorded at Hensen Recording Studio in Hollywood. Tracks 27 & 28 recorded live December 27, 1997 at St. Andrew\'s Hall in Detroit, Michigan by Joe Barresi. Track 29 recorded in 1999. Track 30 recorded in 2001.
- Tracks 1--8 mixed January 1996 at Conway Studios by Jerry Finn with assistance by Shawn O\'Dwyer. Tracks 9--26, 29 & 30 mixed at Image Recording, Inc. by Chris Lord-Alge, with assistance by Mike Dy on tracks 9--14. Tracks 27 & 28 mixed by Joe Barresi at Pacifique Studios in North Hollywood, California with assistance by Brian Young.
- Mastered by Tim Pak
- Art direction and design by Mark A. Penxa
## Song information {#song_information}
- Tracks 1--8 are from the album *Destruction by Definition* (1996)
- Tracks 9--14 are from the album *Battle Hymns* (1998)
- Tracks 15--20 are from the album *The Suicide Machines* (2000)
- Tracks 21--26 are from the album *Steal This Record* (2001)
- Track 27 originally appeared on the promotional EP *Live! Live! Live!* (1998). Track 28 is from the same performance but was not included on the EP. Both songs were recorded live at St. Andrew\'s Hall in Detroit, Michigan on December 27 & 28, 1997.
- Track 29 was recorded in 1999 and originally appeared on the compilation *Plea for Peace: Take Action*.
- Track 30 was a track from the Steal This Record sessions that ultimately got cut from the final album. This is the first time it was widely released as previously it was only on the Japanese version of the album
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# The Rising Shore — Roanoke
***The Rising Shore --- Roanoke*** is a novel about the Lost Colony of Roanoke Island by Deborah Homsher. The story of the Lost Colony is one of America\'s first great mysteries. Historically, John White, the leader of the venture, sailed home to London for supplies and then returned three years later to find no trace of the hundred colonists he\'d left in Virginia except the word \"Croatoan\" carved in a post.
## Plot
The novel tells the story of two women who sailed from London to the shore of the Virginia wilderness in 1587. Elenor White Dare is daughter of the expedition\'s leader and mother of Virginia Dare, the first English child born on the American continent. Freshly married and newly pregnant when she boards the ship, Elenor longs to explore and paint pictures of the New World, as her father has done, but her dreams are frustrated by her status as John White\'s daughter - not his son. Margaret Lawrence, her bold young servant, blazes her own path to independence as a member of the struggling colony that settles on Roanoke Island.
The adventures of Elenor and Margaret begin in Elizabethan London, cross the Atlantic, pass through the Caribbean, and climax in the Outer Banks region of North America.
## Reception
Mary Kay Bird-Guilliams of *Library Journal* praised the book, writing, \"\"The invented portions are believable, including the ending\--you can debate the details, but it seems quite logical. \... most public libraries will want to purchase for readers who enjoyed Jane Smiley\'s *The All-True Travels and Adventures of Lidie Newton*.\" In a positive review, *The Virginian-Pilot*{{\'}}s Mary Ellen Riddle said, \"What truly sings in Homsher\'s work is her amazing ability to understand life. On every page, she analyzes it with a powerful voice. One is astounded to find that the words are unique and apt.\"
Midwest Book Review\'s *Small Press Bookwatch* called the book \"an enthralling saga of a colony presumed doomed\", while *The Pilot*{{\'}}s Janis Cooke Newman stated \"Homsher has a way with words\"
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# Mandal Commission protests of 1990
**Mandal commission protests of 1990** were against reservation in government jobs based on caste in India.
## Background
### Mandal Commission {#mandal_commission}
Mandal Commission was set up in 1977 January by Morarji Desai government to identify the socially or educationally backward classes to consider the question of seat reservations and quotas for people to redress caste discrimination, and used eleven social, economic, and educational indicators to determine backwardness. It was chaired by B. P. Mandal. The commission submitted the report to the President on 30 December 1980. It recommended 27% reservation quota for OBC resulting in total 49.5% quota in government jobs and public universities. V. P. Singh, the Prime Minister implemented the recommendations in August 1990, by reserving 27% of jobs under the central government and public sector undertakings which led to protests.
## Protests
These protests were against giving government jobs to certain castes to rectify historical injustices they faced. These protests closed roads, highways, transportation services, government services, schools, and businesses of India. Anti-reservationists protested. Student protests were planned publicly, and in advance. Protest events were photographed for many published articles of newspapers locally and nationally. Protests began during the year when the eleven-year-old Mandal Commission was opened to bring into effect new government employment opportunities, reservation for backwards classes.`{{fact|date=October 2024}}`{=mediawiki}
Between the failure to effectively control the political cost of the protests escalating enough to close parts of the nation, and an eleven-year-old human rights improvement project, were causes that ultimately led to accepting the resignation of the Janata Dal party\'s Prime Minister of India, V. P. Singh.`{{fact|date=October 2024}}`{=mediawiki}
Culturally unique features of the protests and riots were bandhs (a version of a strike), hartals (a version of a municipal shut-down), dharnas (a version of swarming). Incidents of destruction of public property, looting, and intimidation for bandhs, hartals and dharnas were published and listed geographically as travel information in newspaper articles. Articles also highlighted politicians and victims of rioting during the protests. Although not advisable, late summer travel by airline and vehicle during the protests was possible without delays, between capitals New Delhi and Chandigarh, and Shimla for example. Police prevented extending the range and duration of the strikes, and some strike activity from even occurring. The strike helped to give large popularity to Mandal Commission report and fueled the political grouping of the OBC castes, which later helped a lot for the strengthening of regional political parties and stronger parties other than Congress and BJP.`{{fact|date=October 2024}}`{=mediawiki}
## Self immolations {#self_immolations}
### Rajiv Goswami {#rajiv_goswami}
Rajiv Goswami was the first student to attempt self-immolation while a student at Deshbandhu College, Delhi University in October, 1990 to protest against Prime Minister V.P. Singh\'s implementation of the Mandal Commission laws for Affirmative Action (reservation) recommendations. His action sparked a series of self-immolations by college students and led to a formidable movement against job reservations for backward classes, as recommended by the Mandal Commission. He was later elected as the President of Delhi University\'s Student Union, he died after about a decade of suffering because of the 70% burns he had suffered.
## Popular culture {#popular_culture}
- 2010 TV series *Armanon Ka Balidaan-Aarakshan* had backdrop of these protests.
- *Hurdang* (2022) by Nikhil Nagesh Bhat is set in the backdrop of the protests
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# Musurgia Universalis
***Musurgia Universalis, sive Ars Magna Consoni et Dissoni*** (\"The Universal Musical Art, or the Great Art of Consonance and Dissonance\") is a 1650 work by the Jesuit scholar Athanasius Kircher. It was printed in Rome by Ludovico Grignani and dedicated to Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria. It was a compendium of ancient and contemporary thinking about music, its production and its effects. It explored, in particular, the relationship between the mathematical properties of music (e.g. harmony and dissonance) with health and rhetoric. The work complements two of Kircher\'s other books: *Magnes sive de Arte Magnetica* had set out the secret underlying coherence of the universe and *Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae* had explored the ways of knowledge and enlightenment. What *Musurgia Universalis* contained, through its exploration of dissonance within harmony, was an explanation of the presence of evil in the world.
## Composition and publication {#composition_and_publication}
Kircher compiled all the musical knowledge available in his day, making this the first encyclopedia of music. Since its publication it has been a valuable source of information to musicologists about baroque concepts of style and composition. It provides the earliest account of the doctrine of the affections in music. As well as including a three-part fantasy of his own and a composition by Emperor Ferdinand III, Kircher reproduced many musical pieces to illustrate the styles he described, thereby preserving pieces by Frescobaldi, Froberger, and others. Kircher had a number of collaborators who assisted his research with their expertise, and by providing him with examples of different types of music. These included Antonio Maria Abbatini, Giovanni Girolamo Kapsperger and Giacomo Carissimi.
*Musurgia Universalis* was one of Kircher\'s largest books. The work was published in two volumes with a total of 1,112 pages and many illustrations. It was one of the most influential books on music theory in the seventeenth century, and of the 1,500 copies known to have been published, 266 are still recorded in various collections. Three hundred copies of the first edition were distributed to Jesuit missionaries who gathered in Rome in 1650 for the election of the new Superior General and carried back to many different lands. In 1656 a Jesuit mission to China took two dozen copies with it when it departed. A second edition was published in Amsterdam in 1662.
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# Musurgia Universalis
## Concepts
The concepts presented in *Musurgia Universalis* overlap with Kircher\'s other works - they include musical cryptography (*Polygraphia Nova*) and tarantism (*Magnes sive de Arte Magnetica*). There was a detailed discussion of the phenomenon of the echo and its similarity to the reflection of light (*Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae*). His account of speaking tubes and amplification was developed in his later work *Historia Eustachio Mariana*, concerning his installation of trumpets that broadcast a call to prayer at the shrine of Mentorella.
Book eight explained a method for composition and writing harmony that Kircher maintained any person could use, whether they knew anything about music or not. He had invented this system while teaching mathematics at Würzburg University many years previously. This method had great appeal for Jesuits working as missionaries, who sought to use the power of music to draw converts to the Catholic faith by composing hymns in the languages of the people where they were working. Accompanying this method was a description of the arca musurgia, a kind of calculating machine that allowed users to apply Kircher\'s rules on composition and actually create music. A number of these machines were built and distributed to distinguished patrons together with the book.
After providing the reader with many explanations of physical phenomena and their explanation, as in many of his other works Kircher used the final book to expound the spiritual dimension of everything he has revealed. In *Musurgia Universalis* he likens the creation of the world to the building of a great organ with six registers corresponding to the six days of creation on which God plays, creating harmony. The illustration shows the elaborately decorated organ with small circular panels illustrating each of the days of creation.
## Structure
- Book one: on physiology, dealing with the structure of the ear, anatomy of the vocal organs, and the sounds made by animals, birds and insects, including the death-song of the swan
- Book two: on philology, the origin of sound, the music of the Hebrews, and the ancient Greeks
- Book three: on arithmetic, with the theory of harmonics, proportion, the ratios of intervals, the Greek scales, the Scale of Guido d\'Arezzo, the system of Boethius, and the ancient Greek modes
- Book four: on geometry, discussion of the monochord, and its divisions
- Book five: on organology, based book xii of the Harmonicorum by Marin Mersenne, containing a dissertation on instrumental music
- Book six: on composition, musical notation, counterpoint, and other branches of composition, containing a canon that can be sung by twelve million two hundred thousand voices
- Book seven: on discernment, covering the difference between ancient and modern music
- Books eight: on wonders, including a mathematical method ('musarithmica') that allows the most inexperienced to compose with perfection
- Book nine: on the magic of consonance and dissonance and their effects on the mind and body including tarantism
- Book ten: on analogy, discusses the harmony of the spheres, and of the four elements, the principles of harmony exemplified in the proportions of the human body and the affections of the mind, together with practical description of the aeolian harp, which Kircher claimed to have invented.
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# Musurgia Universalis
## Illustrations
An engraved portrait of Archduke Leopold Wilhelm faces the frontispiece of volume one, was designed by Johann Paul Schor and engraved by Paulus Pontius, a student of Rubens. It is dated \'Antwerp 1649\'.
Each of the work\'s two volumes had its own frontispiece. For volume one this followed the design common to many of Kircher\'s works, depicting a threefold universe with the divine at the top, the celestial in the middle and the earthly below. At the top the eye of God overlooks all from within a triangle which bathes choirs of angels in divine light. Two angels hold aloft a banner proclaiming the sanctus as a \'Canon angelicus 36 vocum\... in 9 choros distributus\' (\'a 36-voice canon of angels, divided into nine choirs\'). Beneath this sits Apollo on the celestial sphere, holding the lyre that symbolises harmony and pushing away the panpipes associated with his rival Marsyas. Together with the signs of the zodiac, the sphere carries a quotation from the Book of Job (38:37): \'Quis concentum coeli dormire faciet?\' (\'Who shall make the concert of heaven to sleep?\'). At the bottom left of the image Pythagoras sits, with one arm resting on this theorem and the other pointing towards a group of smiths, the sound of whose Pythagorean hammers striking metal is said to have first given him the notion of the mathematical basis of harmony. In the centre are a ring of dancing pans on land, and to their right, a triton dancing in the water with mermaids. On the right there is an illustration of an echo, a topic discussed in the work, with a shepherd reciting a line from Virgil (\"pascite, ut ante, boves\") and a listener mishearing only the last part of the final word. The echo rebounds from the side of Mount Helicon, where Pegasus strikes the rock with his hoof, bringing forth the stream of Hippocrene that flows down to the figure of Muses surrounded by musical instruments.
The frontispiece for volume two was designed by Pierre Miotte. It depicts Orpheus with his lyre and the three-headed guardian of the underworld, Cerberus. The motto around his pedestal reads \'Apollo\'s right hand holds the lyre of the world, his left fits high to low; thus good things are mingled with ill
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# Electoral district of The Darling
The Darling was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1904 to 1913, named after the Darling River. It was created in the 1904 re-distribution of electorates following the 1903 New South Wales referendum, which required the number of members of the Legislative Assembly to be reduced from 125 to 90, and consisted of Bourke and parts of The Barwon and Wilcannia. It was abolished in 1913 with most of the district going to Cobar and the balance to Sturt
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# Coroners Court of Queensland
The **Coroners Court of Queensland** is a court in the court hierarchy of Queensland, Australia. The Court has exclusive jurisdiction in Queensland over the remains of a person and to make findings about the cause of death of a person.
## Jurisdiction
A coroner will investigate a death where the identity of the deceased is not known; the death was violent or unnatural, such as accidents, falls, suicides or drug overdoses; the death happened in suspicious circumstances; a cause of death certificate has not been issued and is not likely to be issued; the death was a health care related death; the death occurred in care or custody (such as an aged care, correctional, mental health, or juvenile detention facility); or the death occurred as a result of the operations of Queensland Police.
A coroner may decide to hold an inquest which has the powers of a court, compelling witnesses to give evidence before the Court, and in making findings can make recommendations aimed at preventing similar deaths. Cultural and family concerns are typically considered as part of any coronial investigation.
Decisions made by the Coroners Court may be heard on appeal to the District Court of Queensland; and the Coroners Court has appellate jurisdiction where the investigating coroner declines a request for an inquest.
## Composition
Queensland has seven full-time coroners, presided over by the state coroner and the deputy state coroner, both based in Brisbane, and additional coroners who are located in Brisbane, Cairns, Mackay, and Southport
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# Mariano Benlliure
**Mariano Benlliure y Gil** (8 September 1862`{{spaced ndash}}`{=mediawiki}9 November 1947) was a Spanish sculptor and medallist, who executed many public monuments and religious sculptures in Spain, working in a heroic realist style.
## Life and works {#life_and_works}
He was born in the Lower Street of the Carmen neighborhood of Valencia. His earliest sculptures featured bullfighting themes, modeled in wax and cast in bronze. At the age of thirteen he showed a wax *modello* of a picador at the Exposición Nacional de Bellas Artes, 1876. Pursuing the thought of becoming a painter, he went to Paris his expenses paid by his master, Francisco Domingo Marqués. A trip to Rome in 1879, revealing at first hand the sculptures of Michelangelo convinced him to be a sculptor. In 1887 he established himself permanently in Madrid, where in that year\'s Exposición Nacional his portrait sculpture of the painter Ribera won him a first-prize.
Benlliure\'s style is characterized by detailed naturalism allied to an impressionistic spontaneity. His portrait busts and public monuments are numerous, and include:
- the tomb of Práxedes Mateo Sagasta in the Pantheon of Illustrious Men, Madrid
- monument to José de San Martín, Lima, Peru
- the monument to Álvaro de Bazán, Plaza de la Villa, Madrid.
- the monument to Isabella the Catholic, Granada
- the monument to General Cassola, Parque del Oeste, Madrid
- the monument to Maria Christina of Bourbon, Madrid
- the bronze equestrian statue of the monument to Alfonso XII, in Madrid\'s El Retiro, the centerpiece of a memorial designed by architect José Grases Riera.
- the monument to Agustina de Aragón, in Zaragoza.
- the monument to Castelar, in Madrid.
- the monument to Arsenio Martínez Campos, in El Retiro.
- the monument to Miguel Primo de Rivera, in Jerez de la Frontera.
- the monument to Antonio Maura, in Palma de Mallorca.
- the monument to Cuba, in El Retiro, with help from Miquel Blay, Francisco Asorey and Juan Cristóbal (completed by 1930, unveiled in 1952).
- the monument to Arthur Walsh Fergusson in the Philippines.
- the bronze bust of his good friend Juan Luna, a Filipino political activist, who also painted a portrait of Benlliure. It was completed in plaster in 1884. It was gifted by Spanish donors to the Philippine government in October 12, 1922 and kept in the National Library of the Philippines. It was believed lost during the Battle of Manila in 1945 with the destruction of the National Library. It was rediscovered in September 2023 during an auction event and was turned over to the National Museum of the Philippines.
Benlliure was the protector of the Cadiz sculptor Juan Luis Vassallo, taking charge of the reproduction of the work *La Jeroma*, which in 1927 had won first prize at the Casino. Mariano Benlliure was the engraver of the first Peseta coins issued in 1947 showing the head of Franco.
He was depicted on the Spanish 500 ptas banknote in the 1950s, with his sculpture \"Sepulcro De Gayarre en el Roncal\" on the reverse.
His brothers José and Juan Antonio Benlliure were also painters
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# The Loin's Mouth
***The Loin\'s Mouth*** was a semi-quarterly, Tenderloin-based publication about life in the San Francisco Tenderloin and Tendernob area. It was conceived of by its editor, Rachel Mills, in the Spring of 2006 and released eight issues through the Spring of 2009. Articles were generally humorous and typically revolved around a central theme of each issue, such as \"Love in the Loin\" (released in February 2007). Content ranged from fake news stories to editorial pieces to short stories with such titles as \"One Night Stand,\" \"Friday Night Fights,\" and \"I, Drunkard.\" Contributors varied dramatically in age, background, and education. Maxon Crumb (brother of R. Crumb) had submitted several illustrations.
At its height, *The Loin\'s Mouth* had a circulation of approximately 6,000 and was distributed free-of-charge in bars, cafes, and bookstores in the Tenderloin, SOMA, the Mission District, and on Polk Street, as well as at City Lights Bookstore in North Beach and Amoeba Records in the Upper Haight.
## Awards
*The Loin\'s Mouth* was an editor\'s pick for \"Best Neighborhood Rag\" in the SF Weekly\'s \"Best of SF\" issue and won the reader\'s poll for \"Best Local Zine (Print)\" in the SF Bay Guardian\'s annual \"Best of the Bay\" issue for 2008
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# Le mariage aux lanternes
`{{italic title}}`{=mediawiki} ***Le mariage aux lanternes*** (*The Wedding by Lantern-Light)* is an opérette in one act by Jacques Offenbach. The French libretto was written by Michel Carré and Léon Battu.
It was first performed at the Salle Choiseul, Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens, Paris, on 10 October 1857. The operetta was a reworking of *Le trésor à Mathurin*, with words by Battu (1829--1857), which had a well-received single performance at the Salle Herz, Paris, on 7 May 1853 but was subsequently lost.
After the Paris premiere, *Le mariage aux lanternes* was produced in Berlin and Vienna in 1858, Prague, Graz and Budapest in 1859, London, New York, Brussels, Stockholm in 1860, Moscow in 1871 and Milan in 1875. Later it was revived at the Opéra-Comique in 1919, Stockholm in 1927 and Berlin in 1930.
The work is in Offenbach\'s more pastoral and sentimental style rather than the \'bouffonerie\' of some of his contemporary stage works.
## Roles
+--------------------+-------------+---------------------------------+
| Role | Voice type | Premiere cast, 10 October 1857\ |
| | | Conductor: Jacques Offenbach |
+====================+=============+=================================+
| Catherine | soprano | Marie Dalmont |
+--------------------+-------------+---------------------------------+
| Denise | soprano | Maréchal |
+--------------------+-------------+---------------------------------+
| Fanchette | soprano | Lise Tautin |
+--------------------+-------------+---------------------------------+
| Guillot | tenor | Paul Geoffroy |
+--------------------+-------------+---------------------------------+
| Le garde-champêtre | spoken role | Antognini |
+--------------------+-------------+---------------------------------+
| | | |
+--------------------+-------------+---------------------------------+
: `{{sronly|Roles, voice types, premiere cast}}`{=mediawiki}
## Synopsis
: Place: A village square, with Guillot\'s house and a barn with a large tree in front
: Time:
A young farmer Guillot has affection for his orphan cousin Denise, who was entrusted to him by their uncle Mathurin. He hides his feelings by treating her roughly, driving the young girl to despair. Both write to their uncle: him for money, her for advice. Two gossiping widows, Catherine and Fanchette, poke fun at the doltishness of Guillot, but when he receives a letter from his uncle telling him about treasure that may be found under the great tree when the evening church bells peal the two women determine to win Guillot\'s hand.
At the time of the angélus, Denise enters, reading a letter from her uncle which tells her that she will find a good husband underneath the great tree, where she falls asleep. As Guillot arrives with his spade and lantern, he hears her speak his name in her sleep, and understands that she is Mathurin\'s promised treasure. By the light of the lanterns of villagers, who have also come to inspect the treasure, they agree to wed, much to the chagrin of the two widows.
## Recordings
- [Recordings may be found on operadis-opera-discography.org.uk](http://www.operadis-opera-discography.org.uk/CLOFMARI
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# Al forno
***Al forno*** (`{{IPA|it|al ˈforno|lang}}`{=mediawiki}; `{{literally|to the oven}}`{=mediawiki}, meaning \'baked\') is food that has been baked in an oven. Italian dishes commonly prepared in this way include pizza, breads and pasta dishes, notably lasagna.
Pasta is sometimes boiled before it is baked in *al forno* pasta dishes. This double cooking means that it is served soft, not with the firm al dente consistency that some Italians prefer in pasta dishes.
## History and culture {#history_and_culture}
Southern Italy has a tradition of wood-burning ovens and open-flame grills. A wood-fired oven and *al forno* dishes are a feature of many Italian restaurants. Brick and clay ovens are a key feature of cuisines of the Mediterranean and Middle East, with wood being the main fuel for many parts of Europe for many centuries. A typical oven found in Italian restaurants is brick lined with an arched oven door, and a wooden board with a very long handle is used to place the food to be cooked in the centre of the oven
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# Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza
The Roman Catholic **Archdiocese of Mendoza** (*Archidioecesis Mendozensis*) is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Neuquén and San Rafael.
## History
On 20 April 1934, Pope Pius XI established the Diocese of Mendoza from the Diocese of San Juan de Cuyo. It lost territory to the Diocese of San Rafael when it was created in 1961. At the same time, the Diocese of Mendoza was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope John XXIII on 10 April 1961.
## 2016--2017 sexual abuse scandal {#sexual_abuse_scandal}
On 5 May 2017, Kosaka Kumiko, a Japanese-Argentinian nun, was arrested and accused of helping priests sexually abuse children at a school for youths with hearing disabilities in Mendoza Province. Kumiko\'s arrest came after the arrests of two priests: Horacio Corbacho and Nicola Corradi. Three other men employed at one of the Antonio Provolo Institute for the Deaf\'s Argentine schools were arrested for acts. Corradi had previously been accused as early as 2009 of committing sex abuse at the Antonio Provolo Institute for the Deaf\'s main campus in Verona, Italy.
On 15 June 2019, it was announced that the two priests will stand trial on 5 August 2019. The two priests will face trial in Argentina, where they were jailed after being accused of sexually abusing 22 children at the Argentine school. The trial began as scheduled. Institute employee Armando Gomez also joined the two priests as a co-defendant. Former institute employee Jorge Bordón had been sentenced to 10 years in prison in 2018 for sex abuse at the institute as well. The trial is expected to last for two more months
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# Barry Helton
**Barry Bret Helton** (born January 2, 1965) is an American former professional football player who was a punter for four seasons in the National Football League (NFL) during the 1980s and 1990s. He played college football for the Colorado Buffaloes, twice earning consensus All-American honors. He was selected by the San Francisco 49ers in fourth round of the 1988 NFL draft. He played in the NFL for San Francisco and Los Angeles Rams, playing in Super Bowl XXIII and Super Bowl XXIV for the 49ers.
Helton was born in Colorado Springs, Colorado. He attended the University of Colorado Boulder, where he played for the Buffaloes from 1984 to 1987.
Helton\'s son Bret is also a professional athlete, pitching in the Pittsburgh Pirates\' minor league system. He and his wife Lisa had three more children, Chad, Brad and Nicole
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# Menisa, Edmonton
**Menisa** is a neighbourhood in south east Edmonton, Alberta, Canada located in Mill Woods. In the Cree language, Menisa means \"berries\".
Menisa is bounded on the south by Anthony Henday Drive, on the north by Mill Woods Road, on the east by 66 Street, and on the west by 80 Street.
Residential development in Menisa began in 1976 and was nearly complete by 1980. The majority of dwellings in Menisa are single detached houses (83%) with a significant number of row houses (14%). Approximately seven out of eight dwellings are owner occupied.
## Demographics
In the City of Edmonton\'s 2012 municipal census, Menisa had a population of `{{nts|2544}}`{=mediawiki} living in `{{nts|919}}`{=mediawiki} dwellings, a -5.3% change from its 2009 population of `{{nts|2685}}`{=mediawiki}. With a land area of 0.89 km2, it had a population density of `{{nts|2858.4}}`{=mediawiki} people/km^2^ in 2012.
## Services
St. Clement Elementary/Junior High School is near the border between Menisa and Satoo, Edmonton.
Menisa Shopping Centre is located in the neighbourhood. In addition to Menisa Shopping Centre, residents have access to shopping at Mill Woods Town Centre, a mall located to the north of the neighbourhood along 66 Street.
The Grey Nuns Community Hospital and the Edmonton Police Service\'s South East Division Station are both located a bit further north in the neighbourhood of Tawa
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# Aleko Lilius
**Aleko Axel August Eugen Lilius** (2 April 1890`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}24 June 1977) was an explorer, businessman, diplomat, writer, journalist, and photographer of Finnish, Swedish, and Russian extraction. He has been described as an English journalist, a Russian Finn, an American of Finnish origin, a Swedish journalist and adventurer, and an intrepid American journalist. He is the author of *I Sailed with Chinese Pirates*, an account of the time he spent among pirates of the South China seas.
## Biography
Lilius was born in Saint Petersburg, Russia, on 2 April 1890. His father was a senior translator for the Senate of Finland and served as a staff captain in the Izmaylovsky Regiment. His mother was Natalia Starck who was born in the Caucasus and was the daughter of major general Julius Starck.
Before World War I, Lilius was an enterprising businessman whose colorful exploits attracted much publicity. In 1916, Lilius was the highest taxed private individual in Finland as a private banker who owned the *Privatbanken I Helsingfors*.
As a young man, he explored much of the Americas, China, North Africa, and South Africa, before settling down for a while in the Philippines. Lilius\' writing was based on his wide-ranging travels in places such as China, Morocco, and Mexico. The first mention of Lilius as a writer is as the author of the script for the 1919 Finnish film *Venusta etsimässä eli erään nuoren miehen ihmeelliset seikkailut* (In Search of Venus or The Marvelous Adventures of a Young Man). In China in 1927, he rescued the remnants of the American flag from the looted American consulate in Nanking. While in the Philippines, he participated in a project to photograph the Bugkalot tribe. During the 1920s and 1930s, Lilius worked as a foreign correspondent in Asia and North Africa. During the 1920s, he worked with linguist Rudolf Schuller as a photographer in Mexico. In the 1930s, Lilius lived in the United States, residing in the Armour--Stiner Octagon House in Irvington, New York.
He ran into conflict with the law several times in the 1930s. According to an article in the Singaporean *The Straits Times*, Lilius was convicted of fraud and \"sentenced to two months hard labour\" in 1929. Four years later while in the Philippines, he was again pronounced guilty of fraud for issuing four checks with insufficient funds and was sentenced to one year and one day in prison plus required to pay what he owed. Lilius appealed to a higher court for a reversal of the lower court\'s decision; his appeal was successful and the charges were reversed.
Lilius sued a Philippine railroad company after the car in which he and has family were traveling was hit by a locomotive in 1931. Although he won the suit in a lower court, the railroad company appealed to the Supreme Court. Lilius again succeeded and was awarded P30,865.
In the 1950s he lived in Morocco. In 1958 he moved to Helsinki, Finland, and later devoted himself to painting. Lilius died on 24 June 1977 in Helsinki, Finland.
## Works
### *I Sailed with Chinese Pirates* {#i_sailed_with_chinese_pirates}
Lilius is primarily remembered as the author of *I Sailed with Chinese Pirates*, an account of the time he spent among the pirates of the South China seas. The original review in *The New York Times* (27 July 1931) reads in part:
Lai Choi San is widely believed to be the source of inspiration for the character of the Dragon Lady, the oriental femme fatale in Milton Caniff\"s comic strip *Terry and the Pirates*. Lilius referred to Lai Choi San as Queen of the Pirates rather than Dragon Lady, but Caniff did use the Chinese name for his character. According to one source, this was the cause of a later legal dispute between Lilius and the syndicate that produced the comic strip
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# Champa, Chhattisgarh
Champa was Zamindari Estate before Indian Independence. the name of the city **Champa** is derived from the Raja\'s marehorse.
**Champa** is a city and municipality in Janjgir-Champa district in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh.
## Geography
Champa has an average elevation of 253 metres (830 feet). It is located on the banks of Hasdeo river, a tributary of Mahanadi.
## Demographics
India census, Champa had a population of approx 45000. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Champa has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 59% and female literacy of 41%. 14% approx of the population is under 6 years of age. The city is divided in two parts by a temple of Samleshwari Devi which is situated in the heart of the city.
## Kosa
Kosa Silk of champa is famous for its purity and made by people belong to Dewangan Caste. Kosa is also exported to other countries from here.
## Administration
Champa City runs under the administration of the **Municipality Of Champa**. ,, Pradeep Namdev is mayor of Champa. He is from the Bhartiya Janta Party.
## Economy
Champa is famous for Samleshwari Devi temple Kuldevi of champa and Kaleswar Nath Mahadev temple Jagannath temple Mahamaya temple (Madanpur) Rajmahal palace. Champa is also famous for its Kosa silk, gold and brass metal works. Champa has large industries viz. Madhya Bharat Paper Limited (MBPL), Prakash Industries Ltd., CSPGCL\'s Marwa Power Plant and many mega power projects are in under construction. Kosa silk merchant are particularly from Dewangan caste. They import Kosa (Tassar silk) yarn from China and Korea and make silk shirtings and sarees. They also make yarn from Kosa called Cocoon in English and make Khadi Shirtings. They export it to many Indian states and countries like the U.K., U.S.A. and Brazil. Champa is one of the producer of High Quality Silk.
## Education
### Colleges
- Indian Institute of Handloom Technology, Champa
- Govt. M.M.R.Post Graduate college
- The Leprosy Mission Chhattisgarh Vocational Training Centre, Champa
### School
#### English Medium {#english_medium}
- [Delhi Public School Champa](http://dpschampa.com/)
- **Fairy Public School \[Champa\]**
- [ST. Mary\'s English Medicum school](https://stmarysemschoolsmmi.com/)
- [Hasdeo Public School Champa](http://hpschampa.org/)
- [Lions Hr. Sec. School Champa](https://web.archive.org/web/20161021182832/http://lionsschoolchampa.com/)
- Rainbow Kidzee School, Champa
- Prince Of Peace English High School Champa CG
- Little Angel Convent School Champa
#### Hindi Medium {#hindi_medium}
- Saraswati Shishu Mandir, Champa
- Saraswati Shishu Mandir Primary School (Hatri Bazar)
- Amardeep Public School Champa
- LDN School
- Keshar Public School
- Gyandeep Public School
- Gyanmandir School
- Gaytri Bal Sanskar High School
- Manka Public School
## Hospitals
- JGM Hospital(Jeevanlal Gulabani Memorial Hospital)
- B.D.M. Dharam Hospital (Government Hospital)
- NKH Hospital
- Nayak Nursing Home
- Dewangan Nursing Home
- Mission Hospital
- Osho Dhara Hospital
- Rathore Clinic
- Vinayak Netralay
- Nayak Maternity and Surgical Centre
- TLM Bethesda Leprosy Home and Hospital
- Bachpan Children Hospital
## Transportation
Champa is a well connected city to Bigger cities whether by road or by Railways. It is easy to reach champa.
### Roadways
Champa is well connected through roads to state capital Raipur which is 161.4 km away via NH130B and it is connected to Delhi, the country\'s capital, via NH44.
### Railways
Champa railway station is a junction on the Tatanagar--Bilaspur section of Howrah-Nagpur-Mumbai line. Korba (Gevra) passengers need to change line from here for going to Korba. It is the biggest railway station in the Janjgir-Champa District of Chhattisgarh. It is one of the \'A\' graded stations of the country.
### Air
Nearest commercial airport is Swami Vivekananda Airport, Naya Raipur (178 km away).
## Tourist places {#tourist_places}
### Hanuman Dhara {#hanuman_dhara}
Hanuman Dhara is picnic spot located at northwest city (Side of Hasdeo River). This place is surrounded by dense trees. Name of the spot is for Hanuman Temple, situated in this place.
### Kera Jhariya {#kera_jhariya}
It is a tourist place located beside Bank of Hasdev River. According to a historical myth, a monk lived at this place who was capable of crossing the river by walking.
### Madwarani Temple {#madwarani_temple}
(17 km away from city) Its goddess durga temple situated at Champa Korba road
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# Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Resistencia
The Roman Catholic **Archdiocese of Resistencia** (*Archidioecesis Resistenciae*) is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Formosa and San Roque de Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña.
## History
On 3 June 1939, Pope Pius XII established the Diocese of Resistencia from the Archdiocese of Santa Fe. It lost territory to the Diocese of Formosa when it was created in 1957 and to the Diocese of Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña in 1961. The Diocese of Resistencia was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope John Paul II on 28 February 1984
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# Ivanpah (ghost town), California
**Ivanpah** (sometimes referred to as Ivanpah I) was a short-lived silver mining town located in San Bernardino County, California, United States. It was founded in 1869 and existed until at least the mid-1880s.
## Location
Ivanpah was located at 35° 32\' 42.15\" -115° 32\' 7.19\" (WGS84), on the northeast side of Clark Mountain.
## History
While searching for copper, the Piute Company of California and Nevada in 1869 found rich deposits of silver ore on the lower slopes of what was soon named Clark Mountain, west of the Nevada line. The company laid out a townsite at Willow Spring, near a wash on the southeast slope, about nine miles east of the discoveries. The settlement was named Ivanpah, which, roughly translated from a Native American language (probably one of the Numic languages), means "clear water".
By the summer of 1871, Ivanpah had become a small but well-established trading center for a huge district spilling over into Nevada. A traveler came across fifteen well-built adobe buildings, including a hotel, two stores, the office and headquarters of the Piute Company, and several small houses.
A deep gorge led to the mines, which were scattered about Mineral (Alaska) Hill. The chief properties were the Hite & Chatfield claim, which was soon renamed the Lizzie Bullock, and the Monitor and Beatrice, owned by the McFarlane brothers: Tom, Andrew, John, and William. Six miles southwest of Ivanpah was the Copper World Mine.
Despite litigation and intermittent depressions, the McFarlanes put up a 5-stamp mill near town in 1875; JA Bidwell, the new owner of the Lizzie Bullock, built a 10-stamp mill in 1876; and a post office was established in early 1878. By the spring of 1879, the 100 men on Alaska Hill were carrying on a brisk trade at Ivanpah's two saloons, two stores, two blacksmith shops, two shoemakers' shops, two hotels, two hay yards, a butcher shop, and several "neat and comfortable" houses. A weekly newspaper, named the *Green-Eyed Monster*, was founded in early 1880, but it died after a few issues.
The ore, however, was losing its value, and the new camps of Calico and Providence were drawing away miners. The post office was moved to the new smelter camp of Valley Wells in early 1899, and its name was changed to Rosalie. About a dozen stone and adobe ruins remain at the town-site and millsites
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# Roman Catholic Diocese of Formosa, Argentina
The Roman Catholic **Diocese of Formosa** **\'Dioecesis Formosae**\' (erected 11 February 1957) is in Argentina and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Resistencia.
## Bishops
### Ordinaries
- Raúl Marcelo Pacífico Scozzina, O.F.M
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# 1989 European Cup final
The **1989 European Cup final** was a football match held at the Camp Nou in Barcelona, Spain, on 24 May 1989 that saw Milan of Italy defeat Steaua București of Romania 4--0. Two goals each from Marco van Basten and Ruud Gullit gave the *Rossoneri* their third victory in the competition.
## Route to the final {#route_to_the_final}
Steaua București
------------------ ------ ----------
Opponent Agg. 1st leg
Sparta Prague 7--3 5--1 (A)
Spartak Moscow 5--1 3--0 (H)
IFK Göteborg 5--2 0--1 (A)
Galatasaray 5--1 4--0 (H)
## Match
### Details
---------------- ---------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ------------------ --------------- ------------------- ----------------- ---------------- ----------------------- ---------------- -------------------------------- ------------------------------- -------------------------------- -------------------------------- -------------------------------- ------------------ --------------- ------------------- ----------------- ---------------- ------------------
{{Football kit pattern_la = \_steaua8889h pattern_b = \_steaua8889h pattern_ra = \_steaua8889h pattern_sh = \_steaua8889h pattern_so = \_steaua8889h leftarm = 000080 body = 000080 rightarm = 000080 shorts = 189AE7 socks = 189AE7 Steaua București}} }} {{Football kit pattern_la = \_acmilan8990away pattern_b = \_acmilan8889away pattern_ra = \_acmilan8990away pattern_sh = \_acmilan8990away pattern_so = \_acmilan8990away leftarm = FFFFFF body = FFFFFF rightarm = FFFFFF shorts = FFFFFF socks = FFFFFF title = Milan }}
---------------- ---------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ------------------ --------------- ------------------- ----------------- ---------------- ----------------------- ---------------- -------------------------------- ------------------------------- -------------------------------- -------------------------------- -------------------------------- ------------------ --------------- ------------------- ----------------- ---------------- ------------------
+--------------------------------+---+-------------------------------+
| ------------------- -------- | | ------------------ -------- |
| GK **1** | | GK **1** |
| RB **2** | | RB **2** |
| CB **3** | | LB **3** |
| CB **4** | | RM **4** |
| RM **5** | | CB **5** |
| LB **6** | | CB **6** |
| CF **7** | | LM **7** |
| CM **8** | | CM **8** |
| CF **9** | | CF **9** |
| CM **10** | | AM **10** |
| LM **11** | | CM **11** |
| **Substitutes:** | | **Substitutes:** |
| GK **12** | | GK **12** |
| DF **13** | | DF **13** |
| MF **14** | | DF **14** |
| MF **15** | | MF **15** |
| FW **16** | | FW **16** |
| **Manager:** | | **Manager:** |
| Anghel Iordănescu | | Arrigo Sacchi |
| ------------------- -------- | | ------------------ -------- |
+--------------------------------+---+-------------------------------+
+--------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| **Assistant referees:**\ | **Match rules** |
| Werner Föckler (West Germany)\ | |
| Eugen Strigel (West Germany) | - 90 minutes. |
| | - 30 minutes of extra time if necessary. |
| | - Penalty shoot-out if scores still level. |
| | - Five named substitutes. |
| | - Maximum of two substitutions
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# Godstar (song)
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{{single chart|UKsinglesbyname|67|artist=Psychic TV and The Angels of Light|rowheader=true|accessdate=14 December 2021}}
^
``
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# Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salta
The Roman Catholic **Archdiocese of Salta** (erected 28 March 1806, as the Diocese of Salta) is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese, responsible for the suffragan Dioceses of Catamarca, Jujuy and Orán as well as the Territorial Prelatures of Cafayate and Humahuaca.
## History
It was created on 17 February 1807, the territory being taken from the ancient Diocese of Tucumán (the see was in Córdoba). Until 1898, it comprised also the civil Provinces of Tucumán, Santiago del Estero, and Catamarca, which were then detached to form new dioceses. It was elevated to an archdiocese on 20 April 1934
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# Block booking
**Block booking** is a system of selling multiple films to a theater as a unit. Block booking was the prevailing practice in the Hollywood studio system from the turn of the 1930s until it was outlawed by the U.S. Supreme Court\'s decision in *United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.* (1948). Under block booking, \"independent (\'unaffiliated\') theater owners were forced to take large numbers of a studio\'s pictures without knowing much about them. Those studios could then parcel out B movies along with A-class features and star vehicles, which made both production and distribution operations more economical.\" The element of the system involving the purchase of unseen pictures is known as **blind bidding**.
## Origins in the silent era {#origins_in_the_silent_era}
Paramount Pictures, under Adolph Zukor\'s leadership, was largely responsible for introducing the practice of block booking to Hollywood. General manager Al Lichtman suggested to Zukor that the studio produce 52 films a year and that they sell their yearly program in advance:
The rest of the studio system, with the exception of United Artists, copied these policies to varying degrees. For much of the 1920s Paramount and Warner Bros., in particular, \"relied heavily on block booking and blind bidding\". In 1921 the Federal Trade Commission launched an investigation of the studios\' booking practices that would last for 11 years. A 1927 cease and desist order was disregarded by the majors. Smaller distributors such as Associated Exhibitors that attempted to retain open booking were eventually driven to accept the practice.
## The system\'s growth {#the_systems_growth}
With Hollywood\'s conversion to sound film in the late 1920s, block booking increasingly became standard practice: in order to get access to a studio\'s attractive A pictures, many theaters were obliged to rent the company\'s entire output for a season. Paramount Pictures President Adolph Zukor obtained the Paramount-Publix chains of theaters that totaled in 1,200 screens, and insisted that the exhibitors and independent theaters sign a contract with their company if they wanted the exclusive, top-of-the-line Paramount productions. With a whole season\'s worth of films offered up on an all-or-nothing basis, theaters were not just bidding on movies they had not seen, but on many movies not yet even made. This was also called \"blind bidding\" because, other than knowing the genre, the actors and actresses, and a brief overview of the plot, the exhibitors knew nothing about the films they were acquiring. In one case, Zukor pressured theater operators to buy a block of 104 films each year and forced them to show two films per week for 52 consecutive weeks. With the B movies---less expensively produced films intended to run as the lower half of double features---rented at a flat fee (rather than the box office percentage basis of A films), rates could be set that essentially guaranteed the profitability of every B movie. Block booking and blind bidding meant that the majors did not have to worry over much about the quality of these B pictures:
*Life* magazine, in a 1957 retrospective on the studio system, described the less-attractive films as \"million-dollar mediocrities\":
Along with the blocks of features, exhibitors were required to take the major\'s shorts as well---a practice known as *full-line forcing*. The smaller Hollywood studios---known collectively as Poverty Row---did not have the big pictures with A-list stars that would have allowed them to compel theater owners to directly block book. Instead, they mostly sold exclusive regional distribution rights to so-called states\' rights firms. These distributors in turn marketed blocks of movies to exhibitors, typically six or more pictures featuring the same star (given that the films\' source was Poverty Row, a relatively minor star).
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# Block booking
## End
In July 1938, the Justice Department\'s antitrust division filed a suit, *United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc. et al.*, charging the eight major Hollywood studios with violating the Sherman Antitrust Act.
The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 controlled the interstate commerce with different trust-busting provisions and were brought to bear against studio system monopolistic activities. Block booking and blind bidding were at the heart of the practices charged as illegally monopolistic. The Department of Justice filed suit against the distribution arms of Hollywood studios in the Famous Players--Lasky antitrust case of 1928. The Department of Justice charged the ten entities that controlled 98% of the domestic theatrical distribution. Appeals were filed and the studios were able to prevent charges from being followed through until 1929, due to the collapse of the stock market and the Great Depression happening at the same time, making this issue moot. The major studios controlled the programming of their theaters and also negotiated wide-ranging distribution deals that constricted the financial state of independent theaters.
On October 29, 1940, the Big Five studios (Loews/MGM, Paramount, 20th Century-Fox, Warner Bros.--First National, and RKO---the majors that owned large theater chains) signed a consent decree in an attempt to settle the case. It provided, among other things, that \"block booking would continue, but in blocks no larger than five films; trade shows would be held regularly to provide exhibitors with advance screenings; \[and\] forcing of shorts and newsreels was banned.\" Because the decree was forged after the September 1 beginning of the 1940--41 exhibition season, the new blocks-of-five arrangement did not go into effect until the 1941--42 season. When the consent decree lapsed in 1942, most of the majors continued with blocks of five, though MGM went with blocks of twelve for two years. In contrast, Warner Bros. abandoned blocks altogether in 1943. The practice was entirely outlawed by the Supreme Court\'s 1948 decision, *United States v. Paramount*, against the studios in the *Paramount* antitrust case.
In concurrence with decisions held by the lower courts, the Supreme Court ruled that all of the major movie studios had prevented domestic and foreign competition through their control over theaters. In its 1948 decision, the Supreme Court ordered the elimination of block booking and demanded a separation of theater holdings from production and distribution. Without control over block booking, studios feared that they could no longer force theaters to buy up to 400 movies each year. In anticipation of mass profit-loss, studios cut production schedules and terminated contracts with actors, producers, directors and other staff. Newly unemployed artists began pursuing careers in television, following earlier predecessors. As popular movie actors transitioned from the silver screen to the television screen, viewers followed their favorite artists to the new medium. In 1951, almost all cities with television stations saw a significant increase in movie theater closures corresponding with a simultaneous increase in television viewership
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# Andrew Wenthe
**Andrew Wenthe** (born 1977) was the Iowa State Representative from the 18th District. He served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 2007 to 2013. He received his BA from the University of Northern Iowa.
During his time in the House, Wenthe was a member of several of its committees: the Administration and Rules, Agriculture, Appropriations, State Government, and Transportation committees. His prior political experience included serving as a legislative assistant for State Senator Jeff Danielson and as legislative staff for Senator Chuck Grassley.
In 2013, he was elected mayor of Fayette, Iowa, with his first term starting in 2014. As of January 2020, he remains mayor.
## Electoral history {#electoral_history}
\*incumbent `{{Compact election box no change begin}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
|election_title =[[Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2006]]
|election_note =District 18
|election_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/GenOffResults.pdf |title=Official Results Report - Statewide, 2006 General Election 11-07-2006 |publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]] |date=2006-11-21 |accessdate=2011-09-19 |page=29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061214021626/http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/GenOffResults.pdf |archivedate=2006-12-14 }}</ref>
|turnout_votes =11,004
|result =gain
|loser_party =Republican Party of Iowa
|winner =Andrew Wenthe
|winner_party =Iowa Democratic Party
|winner_votes =6,160
|winner_percent =56.0
|candidate2 =[[David Lalk]]*
|candidate2_party =Republican Party of Iowa
|candidate2_votes =4,783
|candidate2_percent =43.5}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
|election_title =[[Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2008]]
|election_note =District 18
|election_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.ia.us/elections/results/2008GeneralResults.html|title=November 4, 2008 General Election Results|publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]]|accessdate=2011-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408054656/http://www.sos.state.ia.us/elections/results/2008GeneralResults.html|archive-date=April 8, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|turnout_votes =14,034
|result =hold
|loser_party =Republican Party of Iowa
|winner =Andrew Wenthe*
|winner_party =Iowa Democratic Party
|winner_votes =7,861
|winner_percent =56.0
|candidate2 =Austin Lorenzen
|candidate2_party =Republican Party of Iowa
|candidate2_votes =6,170
|candidate2_percent =44.0}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Compact election box no change
|election_title =[[Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2010]]
|election_note =District 18
|election_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/elections/2010/gensummaryorr.pdf|title=Official Results Report, General Election held November 2, 2010|publisher=[[Iowa Secretary of State]]|date=2010-12-16|accessdate=2011-09-19|page=59}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|turnout_votes =11,230
|result =hold
|loser_party =Republican Party of Iowa
|winner =Andrew Wenthe*
|winner_party =Iowa Democratic Party
|winner_votes =5,499
|winner_percent =49.0
|candidate2 =Roger Arthur
|candidate2_party =Republican Party of Iowa
|candidate2_votes =5,463
|candidate2_percent =48
| 317 |
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| 0 |
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# Cusp (novel)
***Cusp*** is a 2005 hard science fiction novel by American writer Robert A. Metzger. It deals with two perpendicular rings running along the Earth\'s surface that act as cosmic jets using ionized hydrogen.
In this universe, the fusion of organic and non-organic material is an everyday thing. Multiple characters are portrayed in the story, and it is told from a third-person narrative.
## Literary significance and reception {#literary_significance_and_reception}
Carl Hays reviewing for *Booklist* magazine said that \"Metzger's background as a telecommunications scientist enables a brilliant, sprawling vision of humanity in the late twenty-first century.\" *Kirkus Reviews* was mixed in their coverage saying that *Cusp* was \"Overcomplicated by several orders of magnitude, with anonymous characters mystifyingly associated with a ferocious and largely unfathomable plot. Still, minds will boggle at the extravagance of Metzger\'s imagination
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# William Lowrie
Bill Lowrey}} `{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Use Australian English|date=March 2017}}`{=mediawiki} **William Lowrie** (18 October 1857 -- 20 July 1933) was an Australian agricultural educationist.
Lowrie was the son of John Lowrie, a shepherd, wife Christina, *née* Anderson. Lowrie was born near Galashiels, Selkirkshire, Scotland. Lowrie was brought up on a farm *Clarilaw*, one of the largest farms in Roxburghshire, and attended school at Blainslie; he later entered the University of Edinburgh, where he graduated M.A. in 1883, and obtaining a Highland and Agricultural Society\'s bursary in 1884, studied agriculture and graduated B.Sc. in 1886 with a prize in mathematics and several first-class honours. Lowrie lectured on natural science and agriculture at Gordon\'s College, Aberdeen.
In 1887 he was appointed Professor at the Roseworthy Agricultural College, South Australia, after the sacking of John D. Custance, and continued his research into the virtues of fallowing and the use of water-soluble phosphates as fertilizer. Following this Lowrie travelled throughout the wheat-growing districts of South Australia, addressing farmers and endeavouring to persuade them to adopt his methods. He resigned his position as principal of Roseworthy Agricultural College after criticism of him in Parliament. He was urged to reconsider by the Agricultural and Horticultural Society and others. W. C. Grasby was appointed as Head Master, freeing Lowrie to concentrate on research and promulgation of modern farming methods and the resignation was withdrawn. He was contracted by the Victorian government to report on the Longerenong and Dookie agricultural colleges. His reports, which were constructive though highly critical, were not welcomed.
He was made an honorary and contributing member of the R.A.& H.S.S.A. in 1898 as a show of confidence in him.
In 1901 he left for a position in Canterbury, New Zealand as principal of the Lincoln Agricultural College, then in 1908 became Director of Agriculture in Western Australia where his brother-in-law, Newton Moore, was premier. In 1909 he declined the offer of the chair of agriculture at the University of Sydney. Lowrie returned to South Australia in 1911 as Director of Agriculture, following the resignation of Professor William Angus (and acting directorship of A. E. V. Richardson). Lowrie resigned in 1914 owing to differences of opinion with the Minister for Agriculture regarding the reorganization of the department. After his retirement Lowrie took up farming on \'Battunga\', near Echunga, South Australia and specialized in farming and breeding pure-bred Border Leicester sheep.
Lowrie died at Echunga on 20 July 1933 and was buried at St George\'s cemetery, Magill. Lowrie had married twice, firstly to Mary Longbottom on 24 June 1891; she died four months later after an ectopic pregnancy. On 23 March 1903 Lowrie married Alice Longbottom (Mary\'s sister) who survived him. There were no children. Lowrie did excellent work, especially in South Australia; no one else in his time did more to make farming profitable. A bust of him, by Marguerite Richardson, is at Roseworthy Agricultural College
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# Stuff (band)
**Stuff** was an American jazz fusion band during the late 1970s and early 1980s. The members were Gordon Edwards (bass guitar), Richard Tee (keyboards), Eric Gale (guitar), Cornell Dupree (guitar), Chris Parker (drums), and later Steve Gadd (drums).
## History
Edwards describes how the band was founded:
> \"I was contracting and playing studio sessions, and hired Cornell for many of the dates -- so we started recruiting for the band. One day at Rudy Van Gelder\'s -- I remember it was a hell of a job; it was for Queen Esther Marrow, great singer. George Benson was on the job, Bernard Purdie, and Richard Tee on keyboards. Esther asked me if she could use the band for a club date she had lined up -- a club called Mikell\'s in New York City. We did play there, and Richard Tee stopped by one time and he started coming every night. We only worked Monday through Thursday, and Mikell\'s was packed, wall to wall, round the block.\"
After parting ways with Esther the band returned to play there every week:
> \"Steve Gadd came by one night to sit in with us, as did Eric Gale, and they both became a part of the band. We were rolling heavy, and one night I was approached by Michael Lang, the gentleman who put on Woodstock, who said he was sure he could get us a record deal -- were we interested. Sure enough Warner Bros. flew in from California to hear us live. They liked us, but we couldn\'t use the name The Encyclopaedia of Soul -- it was too long. I remember we were in a diner that was on the corner by Atlantic Records one day; there was me, Michael Lang, Cornell Dupree and Erma Dupree and we were trying to decide what we would call the band. It was Erma who said, \"You know Gordon, you always call everybody stuff, I don\'t care who it is. You should call the band Stuff.\"
They joined Van McCoy\'s big disco hit \"Hustle\" in 1975. Members of Stuff were the most important session musicians of that era, playing with Brook Benton, Herbie Mann, Aretha Franklin, and Paul Simon. They supported Joe Cocker during his world tour to promote his *Stingray* album and performed with *Saturday Night Live* in its second season. The band released five albums between 1975 and 1980. Their second full-length studio album: *More Stuff* earned a Grammy nomination. Stuff\'s first album was recorded at Long View Farm in North Brookfield, Massachusetts and produced by Herb Lovelle in 1976. In Japan it was certified platinum.
Stuff was associated with Mikell\'s, the New York jazz club where session musicians would meet for jam sessions with visiting soul, jazz, and funk musicians.
## Discography
- 1976 *Stuff* (Warner Bros.)
- 1977 *More Stuff* (Warner Bros.)
- 1978 *Live Stuff* (Warner Bros.)
- 1979 *Stuff It* (Warner Bros.)
- 1980 *Live in New York* (Warner Bros.)
- 1996 *The Right Stuff* (Warner Bros
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# Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Juan de Cuyo
The **Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Juan de Cuyo** (*Archidioecesis Sancti Ioannis de Cuyo*) is a Latin rite metropolitan diocese in Argentina.
Its archiepiscopal seat is San Juan Cathedral (*Catedral de San Juan Bautista*), dedicated to Saint John the Baptist, in San Juan, Argentina. The city also has a minor basilica: the *Basílica di Nuestra Señora de los Desamparados*, or the Basilica of Our Lady of the Forsaken.
## History
- In 1826 Pope Leo XII founded the see as the **Apostolic Vicariate of San Juan de Cuyo** on territory taken from the Diocese of Córdoba del Tucumán.
- Pope Gregory XVI elevated it to a diocese on 19 September 1834.
- On 20 April 1934 it was elevated to a Metropolitan Archdiocese of San Juan de Cuyo / Sancti Ioannis de Cuyo (Latin) by Pope Pius XI . On the same date it lost territory to create the dioceses of Mendoza and the suffragan Diocese of San Luis.
## Statistics
As per 2014, it pastorally served 638,183 Catholics (91.0% of 701,000 total) on 89,615 km² in 43 parishes and 216 missions with 96 priests (80 diocesan, 16 religious), 8 deacons, 85 lay religious (17 brothers, 68 sisters) and 21 seminarians.
## Ecclesiastical province {#ecclesiastical_province}
The Metropolitan\'s suffragan sees are :
- Roman Catholic Diocese of La Rioja
- Roman Catholic Diocese of San Luis
## Bishops
### Ordinaries
*Apostolic Vicar of San Juan de Cuyo*
1. Justo Santa María de Oro, O.P. (O.P.) (1828-1834)
*Bishops of San Juan de Cuyo*
1. Justo Santa María de Oro, O.P. (1834-1836)
2. José Manuel Eufrasio de Quiroga Sarmiento (1837-1852)
3. Nicolás Aldazor, O.F.M. (1858-1866)
4. Venceslao Javier José Achával y Medina, O.F.M. (1867-1898)
5. Marcellino Benavente, O.P. (1899-1910)
6. José Américo Orzali (1911-1934)
*Archbishops of San Juan de Cuyo*
1. José Américo Orzali (1934-1939)
2. Audino Rodríguez y Olmos (1939-1965)
3. Ildefonso Maria Sansierra Robla, O.F.M. Cap. (1966-1980)
4. Ítalo Severino Di Stéfano (1980-2000)
5. Alfonso Delgado Evers (2000-2017)
6. Jorge Eduardo Lozano (2017-present)
### Coadjutor archbishop {#coadjutor_archbishop}
- Jorge Eduardo Lozano (2016-2017)
### Auxiliary Bishops of San Juan de Cuyo {#auxiliary_bishops_of_san_juan_de_cuyo}
- José Hilarión de Etura y Cevallos (Ceballos), O.P. (1839-1849)
- José Benito Salvador de la Reta, O.F.M. (1881-1897)
- Juan José Marcos Zapata (1913-1951)
- Leonardo Gregorio Gallardo Heredia (1960-1961)
- Ildefonso Maria Sansierra Robla, O.F.M. Cap. (1962-1966), appointed Archbishop here
- Carlos María Domínguez, O.A.R
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# On the Eve of Destruction: 1991–1995
***On the Eve of Destruction: 1991--1995*** is a compilation album by the Detroit, Michigan punk rock band The Suicide Machines, released in 2005 by Noise Riot Records. It collects nearly all the tracks from the band\'s early releases, including *The Essential Kevorkian* and *Green World* demos, the \"Vans Song\" single, and other demos and rare tracks. Several of the songs were re-recorded for the band\'s debut album *Destruction by Definition* in 1996 but appear here in early, rawer forms. It was the first release from Noise Riot, a label founded by Suicide Machines singer Jason Navarro. It was the band\'s final release prior to their break up, lasting from 2006 to 2009, but a new album, *Revolution Spring* has since been released in 2020.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
All songs written by The Suicide Machines `{{Track listing
|total_length = 62:57
|title1 = Skachoo!
|length1 = 02:01
|title2 = Everyday Life
|length2 = 01:46
|title3 = Pre Fab People
|length3 = 02:40
|title4 = Green World
|length4 = 02:18
|title5 = With Sunshine
|length5 = 01:51
|title6 = Inside/Outside
|length6 = 02:00
|title7 = The Golfing Song
|length7 = 01:40
|title8 = The Vans Song
|length8 = 02:47
|title9 = Drunken Jocks...
|length9 = 00:46
|title10 = Ugly Place
|length10 = 02:02
|title11 = Snotrag
|length11 = 02:48
|title12 = Friends Are Hard To Find
|length12 = 02:20
|title13 = Something and Nothing
|length13 = 03:07
|title14 = Heyska!
|length14 = 02:36
|title15 = New Girl
|length15 = 01:54
|title16 = The Real You
|length16 = 02:08
|title17 = Too Much
|length17 = 02:30
|title18 = 9021Oh No!
|length18 = 02:51
|title19 = Hey
|length19 = 02:54
|title20 = Whatshername
|length20 = 01:50
|title21 = Bonkers
|length21 = 02:26
|title22 = Suicide Machines
|length22 = 02:33
|title23 = She's Not Worth It
|length23 = 01:57
|title24 = Little Home
|length24 = 01:41
|title25 = Too Much
|length25 = 02:44
|title26 = Vans Dub
|length26 = 02:39
|title27 = Post Office Death Squad
|length27 = 02:14
|title28 = Inside/Outside (Reprise)
|length28 = 01:54
}}`{=mediawiki}
## Performers
- Jason Navarro - vocals
- Dan Lukacinsky - guitar
- Jason Brake - bass
- Dave Smith - bass (tracks 14--16)
- Derek Grant - drums
## Album information {#album_information}
- Record label: Noise Riot Records
- All songs written by The Suicide Machines
- Mastered by Tim Pok
- Art direction and design by Mark A
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# Doris Kelley
**Doris J. Kelley** is a former Iowa State Representative from the 20th District. She served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 2007 to 2011.
Kelley served on several committees in the Iowa House -- the Commerce committee; the Education committee; the Local Government committee; and the Ways and Means committee. She also served as vice-chair of the Administration and Regulation Appropriations Subcommittee.
Kelley was elected in 2006 with 6,344 votes (52%), defeating Republican opponent David Wieland. [1](https://web.archive.org/web/20070715101939/http://www.sos.state.ia.us/pdfs/GenOffResults.pdf)
In the November 2, 2010 general election, Kelley was defeated by Republican challenger Walt Rogers.
From 1995 to 2000, Kelley held the position of Chief Spokesperson/Marketing Director at Cedar Falls Utilities\' Communications Utility. Throughout her career, she has also held notable roles such as Director of Business Development at Black and Veatch, Director of Consulting Services at DesignLiNC, Incorporated, and Telecommunications Coordinator at the Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities.
Kelley has a history of leadership roles, having served as the Past President of the Black Hawk Leadership Board of Directors and as a former director of the Cedar Falls Main Street Program
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# Rod Crewther
**Rodney James Crewther** (23 September 1945 -- 17 December 2020) was a physicist, notable in the field of gauge field theories.
## Education
After gaining his MSc at Melbourne University where he was resident at Ormond College, Crewther was awarded a Fulbright scholarship to the California Institute of Technology. He studied under the tutelage of Nobel prizewinner Murray Gell-Mann and completed his doctorate, in 1971, after successfully defending his dissertation against the renowned theorist Richard Feynman. His thesis was entitled *Spontaneous Breakdown of Conformal and Chiral Invariance.*
## Career
After his PhD, he held postdoctoral appointments at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York and the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinois. Subsequently, he spent twelve years in Europe, six of them as a Staff Member of the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) in Geneva, and the remainder as a research associate at the University of Berne, University of Dortmund, and at the Max Planck Institute in Munich. Crewther was then appointed as a senior lecturer in physics at the University of Adelaide.
Having a keen interest in politics, Crewther was vice-president of the University of Adelaide branch of the National Tertiary Education Union. He also served on the University Council.
## Teaching
He designed the honours physics course \"Gauge Field Theories.\" He also lectured on Quantum Mechanics III, Advanced Dynamics and Relativity, and Honours Quantum Field Theory. For courses Quantum Mechanics II, Honours Relativistic Quantum Mechanics and Particle Physics, and Classical Fields and Mathematical Methods, his notes were followed by his successors.
Dr Crewther also taught a 4-week module of Physics 1B at the University of Adelaide where he hosted mechanics lectures that focused on the centre of mass, rotation, angular momentum and gyroscopic precession.
## Death
He died in 2020 around Christmas time from cancer
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# Poh Ah Tiam
Datuk Wira **Poh Ah Tiam** (`{{zh|t=傅潤添|s=傅润添|p=Fù Rùntiān}}`{=mediawiki}; 1 April 1952 -- 15 March 2007) was a Malaysian politician, businessman and community leader of Chinese descent. Poh was born in Kampung Belimbing, near Durian Tunggal, Malacca. He and his family moved to nearby Machap Baru, where Poh in later years contributed significantly to the small town\'s development.
After working as a teacher and later venturing into business, Poh stood as a state assembly candidate for Pulau Sebang in the 1986 General Elections and won, beginning his political career. He was the Malacca state Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) and the Malacca State Housing and Local Government Committee Chairman, as well as the Malacca state assemblyman for Pulau Sebang (1986-1995), Bukit Sedanan (1995-2004) and Machap (2004-2007). During his tenure, the Machap Baru town saw extensive development, with new housing and public facilities constructed.
Poh died on 15 March 2007 at the Pantai Hospital Malacca due to renal failure arising from lymphatic cancer, triggered a by-election in Machap on 12 April 2007, which elects Lai Meng Chong of Malaysian Chinese Association, Barisan Nasional as its assemblyman. Following his death, a highway and a recreational park in Machap Baru were built and named after him to commemorate his contribution to the state.
## Election results {#election_results}
\|Year \|Constituency Candidate \|Votes \|Pct Opponent(s) \|Votes \|Pct \|Ballots cast
-------- ----------------------- ----------- --------------------------- ----------- ------------ ------------- ----------------------------- --------- -------- ----------------
1986 **N05 Pulau Sebang** \| (**MCA**) **3,695** **61.69%** \| Ang Kuang Meng (DAP) 2,075 34.64% 5,990
1990 \| **Poh Ah Tiam** (**MCA**) **4,325** **70.33%** \| Lim Swee (DAP) 1,586 25.79% 6,150
1995 **N07 Bukit Sedanan** \| **Poh Ah Tiam** (**MCA**) **5,869** **78.03%** \| Wong Chin Chye (DAP) 1,372 18.24% 7,521
1999 \| **Poh Ah Tiam** (**MCA**) **4,966** **65.89%** \| Zamani Abd Wahid (keADILan) 2,340 31.05% 7,537
2004 **N08 Machap** \| **Poh Ah Tiam** (**MCA**) **5,847** **79.55%** \| Liou Chen Kuang (DAP) 1,285 17
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# David Klinghoffer
**David Klinghoffer** is an Orthodox Jewish author and essayist, and a proponent of the pseudoscientific idea of intelligent design. He is a Senior Fellow of the Discovery Institute, the organization that is the driving force behind the intelligent design movement. He was a frequent contributor to *National Review*, and a former columnist for the Jewish weekly newspaper *The Forward*, to which he still contributes occasional essays.
## Intelligent design {#intelligent_design}
Klinghoffer has published a series of articles, editorial columns, and letters to the editor in both Jewish and non-Jewish conservative publications seeking to promote the pseudoscience of intelligent design and to discredit Darwinian views of evolution.
## Religion
Klinghoffer is an Orthodox Jew who has written a spiritual memoir about his religious background. He was raised in Reform Judaism by his adoptive parents, and formally converted to Orthodox Judaism, In his book, *Why the Jews Rejected Jesus*, Klinghoffer theorizes that Jewish rejection of Jesus allowed Christianity to separate from Judaism and become a multi-ethnic religion. Christianity was thus able to achieve a dominance in Gentile Europe that would have been impossible for Judaism to attain. To Klinghoffer, this changed world history, because Christianity was able to serve as a bulwark against the spread of Islam into Europe.
In May 2010, the Discovery Institute released a free 105-page eBook titled *Signature of Controversy: Responses to Critics of Signature in the Cell*, edited by Klinghoffer, with chapters by Discovery Institute fellows David Berlinski, Casey Luskin, Stephen C. Meyer, Paul Nelson, Jay Richards, and Richard Sternberg
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# Center for the Study of Science and Religion
**The Center for the Study of Science and Religion** (CSSR), now known as the **Research Cluster on Science and Subjectivity** (RCSS), focuses on the intersection between the humanities and natural sciences, supported by the Columbia University Department of Biology. The CSSR was founded in the summer of 1999 by Robert Pollack, Professor of Biological Sciences at Columbia University, Adjunct Professor of Religion at Columbia University, and Adjunct Professor of Science and Religion at Union Theological Seminary in the City of New York. It serves as a forum for the examination of issues that lie at the boundary of two complementary ways of comprehending the world; namely, religion and science.
## Within Low Memorial Library (1999-2007) and The Earth Institute (2007-2014) {#within_low_memorial_library_1999_2007_and_the_earth_institute_2007_2014}
Initially founded as an interdisciplinary center spanning multiple departments, the center received \$100,000 from the Templeton Foundation, \$25,000 from the Nathan Cummings Foundation, and \$10,000 from the Fetzer Institute, supporting lecture series and a Columbia University Irving Medical Center\'s writer-in-residence program, which ultimately invited poet Michael Ondaatje to teach a seminar series.
With these grants, existing within the framework of the Columbia University Earth Institute, the CSSR hosted numerous speaker series examining the dual-perspectives of religion and science on biological and ecological questions. Notable lectures include a 2003 lecture by Jeffrey Sachs on the influence of the relationship between geography and religion in the Middle East, a 2003 film screening on artificial intelligence, introduced by Sharon Olds, and a 2008 panel on the evolution of the human genome, featuring Philip Kitcher and Patricia Williams.
Holistically, the CSSR sponsored one major symposium about every two years, and four or more guest lectures each semester. These symposia include:
- A Colloquium on the Centennial of William James\'s *The Varieties of Religious Experience*, March 24 & 25, 2002
- Destructive Emotions: Neuroscience, Psychology and Buddhism, January 28, 2003
- Love and its Obstacles, November 7, 2004
- Mind and Reality, February 25 & 26, 2005
CSSR and Columbia University Press oversaw publication of the *Columbia Series in Science and Religion*. In sum, the academic direction and programming of the center were set by the Director and associated Professors, in order to educate the student body in the relationship between religion, science, and sustainability.
## Within the Center for Science and Society: from CSSR to RCSS (2014-present) {#within_the_center_for_science_and_society_from_cssr_to_rcss_2014_present}
In academic year 2014--15, the CSSR was relocated from The Earth Institute to the Columbia Center for Science and Society, where it was assigned a place as a Research Cluster, retaining a symbolic link to the CSSR with its new name: the RCSS. The RCSS secured generous funding, most notably from Harvey Kruegar (a 1951 graduate of Columbia College and 1954 graduate of Columbia Law School), ultimately facilitating numerous undergraduate-led projects at the intersection of science, service, and subjectivity. Empowering undergraduates as project leaders became the operating model for the RCSS during this time period. Starting in the FY23-24 school year, the RCSS is led by Lili Yamasaki, serving as the second director.
### Research Cluster on Science and Subjectivity {#research_cluster_on_science_and_subjectivity}
Notable undergraduate student projects include organizing a speaker event with Nobel Laureate Eric Kandel, on the relationship between the arts and sciences, the creation of the Black Undergraduate Mentorship Program within the Columbia University Department of Biology, the formation of a clinical volunteering program with the local Terence Cardinal Cooke Health Care Center entitled *At Your Service*, and a partnership with the Columbia University Double Discovery Center to teach underserved high school students a molecular biology laboratory course, entitled *Glass Half Full or Empty: Illuminating the Human Transcriptome*.
The RCSS oversees the production of an undergraduate-produced publication, primarily featuring journal entries from each of the undergraduate project leaders
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# Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz
The **Archdiocese of Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz** (*Archidioecesis Sanctae Fidei Verae Crucis* is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Argentina. A metropolitan see, there are two suffragan sees in its ecclesiastical province: Rafaela and Reconquista.
## History
On 15 February 1897 Pope Leo XII founded the Diocese of Santa Fe from territory taken from the Diocese of Paraná. On 20 April 1934 the diocese was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Pius XI. On the same date it lost territory to create the dioceses of Diocese of Mendoza. It lost further territory when the dioceses of Resistencia (1939), Reconquista (1957) and Rafaela (1961) were created. Blessed John Paul II changed the name of the archdiocese to the Archdiocese of Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz on 19 September 1992. The archdiocese has also had a history of sex abuse allegations, with former Archbishop Edgardo Gabriel Storni found guilty and bishop Sergio Fenoy being criminally charged in July 2020 for attempting to supplant an investigation
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# Masan Bay
**Masan Bay** (`{{Korean|hangul=마산만}}`{=mediawiki}) is a bay in Changwon, South Korea
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# Kinta River
**Kinta River** (Malay: *Sungai Kinta*) is a river in Perak, Malaysia. It gets its name from the Kinta Valley, which surrounds Ipoh, the capital of Perak. Ipoh sits along this river. There are many limestone hills in the area surrounding the river, and there used to be many tin mines. The supposedly largest tin field in the world was discovered in 1876 in the Kinta Valley. The river was also well known for its wide variety of freshwater fish. The fisheries department reported a greater abundance of fish from the Intake Dam to Tasek, and from a secluded fish pool, 0.75 mile down from Tanjung Rambutan. Fishing in this area used to be a major local activity until the fisheries gradually closed down.
Kinta River is one of the main branches of the Perak River
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# Busan Bay
**Busan Bay** (`{{Korean|hangul=부산만}}`{=mediawiki}) is a bay located in the southern Busan, South Korea. The entrance of the bay opens to the southeast, and leads to the Korea Strait.
The bay has a number of islands in it, including Oryukdo, Yeongdo, Dudo (Busan), and Jodo (Busan)
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# VR photography
**VR photography** (after **virtual-reality photography**) is the interactive viewing of panoramic photographs, generally encompassing a 360-degree circle or a spherical view. The results is known as **VR photograph** (or **VR photo**), **360-degree photo**, **photo sphere**, or **spherical photo**, as well as **interactive panorama** or **immersive panorama**.
VR photography is the art of capturing or creating a complete scene as a single image, as viewed when rotating about a single central position. Normally created by stitching together a number of photographs taken in a multi-row 360-degree rotation or using an omnidirectional camera, the complete virtual reality image can also be a totally computer-generated effect, or a composite of photography and computer generated objects. The history of VR photography is human-computer interaction in which a real or imaginary environment is simulated and users interact with and manipulate that world.
## Capture
There are several ways of capturing VR photography.
### Rectilinear stitching {#rectilinear_stitching}
This involves the rotation of a digital camera, typically in the portrait (up and down) position and centered directly over the tripod. As the operator manually rotates the camera clockwise, the camera stops or clicks into a detent at regular intervals, such as every 30° of rotation. The rotator can be adjusted by changing the position of \"detent ring or bolt,\" into another slot, to alter the interval of rotation: 40°, 60°, 90° etc.
If a given camera lens supports a wider view, one could select a larger detent value (for example, 60° instead of 30°). With a larger detent interval, fewer images are needed to capture a complete panoramic scene. The photographer may only need to take 6 shots as opposed to 10 shots to capture the same panorama. The combination of a precision rotator and a digital camera allows the photographer to take rectangular \"slices\" of any scene (indoors or outdoors). With a typical point and shoot digital camera, the photographer will snap 8, 10, 12 or 14 slices of a scene. Using specialized \"photo stitching\" software, the operator then assembles the \"slices\" into a single rectangular image, typically 4,500 pixels to 6,000 pixels wide. This technique, while extremely time-consuming, has remained popular even through today as the required equipment, rotator heads and software are relatively inexpensive and easy to learn. A stitched panoramic view is also called \"cylindrical\"---as the resulting stitched panorama allows panning in a complete 360°, but offers a limited vertical field of about 50° degrees above or below the horizon line.
### Spherical stitching {#spherical_stitching}
This method requires the use of a \"Fisheye lens\" equipped digital SLR camera. The 2-shot fish eye camera system was made popular by IPIX in the mid-1990s and a two-shot rotator head that rotated and locked into 0° and 180° positions only. The camera was an Olympus or Nikon CoolPix camera and the lenses used were the Nikon FC-E8 or FC-E9 fish-eye lens. The IPiX 360 camera system enabled photographers to capture a full 360 X 360 floor to ceiling view of any scene with just 4 shots as opposed to the more time-consuming 8, 10, or 12-shot rectilinear produced panoramas described above. This type of virtual tour required more expensive virtual tour camera equipment including (for example) a Sigma 8mm f/3.5 lens which allowed photographers to set their rotator heads to 90° and capture a complete virtual tour of any scene in just 4 shots (0°, 90°, 180°, 270°).
### Cubical stitching {#cubical_stitching}
This technique was one of the first forms of immersive, floor to ceiling virtual tours. Apple Computer pioneered this with the release of Apple\'s QuickTime VR in the early 1990s. Free utility software such as Cubic Converter and others allowed photographers to stitch and convert their panoramas into a \"cube\" like box to achieve a complete 360 X 360 view. Today, this technique is considered rather \"old school,\" and spherical stitching has become more mainstream for producing these types of tours.
### One-shot optics {#one_shot_optics}
Using one-shot panoramic optics one can create quick and easy panoramic videos and images such as the type used on the iPhone.
### Software
Various software products can be used to create virtual tours. While programs such as Adobe Photoshop have new features that allow users to stitch images together, they only support \"rectilinear\" types of stitching. Photoshop cannot produce them as quickly or accurately as stitching software programs can such as Autodesk Stitcher. This is because there is sophisticated math and camera-lens profiles that are needed to create the desired panorama image which is based on your camera\'s depth of field (FOV) and the type of lens used. Cameras such as the Nikon D3 or D700 have a full frame digital SLR cameras, whereas the Nikon D90 or Canon T2i (Rebel line of Digital EOS cameras) have a smaller sensor. When full frame digital SLR cameras are used with a fish eye lens such as a Sigma 8mm F/3.5, a full circular image is captured. This allows you to shoot 2 or 3 shots per view to create a 360 X 360 stitched panoramic image. When used with a non full frame digital SLR camera like the Nikon D90 or Canon digital Rebel and similar cameras, 4-shots are required with the camera in the portrait position. The resulting image will have the left and right sides cropped off each of the 4 images and each of the four corners, creating a rounded image.
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# VR photography
## Capture
### Hardware
#### Cameras with one lens {#cameras_with_one_lens}
These models are used with a fisheye lens. The lens bends the angle of the shot to take a larger radius of the selected subject. It is not possible to take a complete 360-degree picture with this technique because there is always a dead angle directly behind the lens.
#### Cameras with two lenses {#cameras_with_two_lenses}
360-degree cameras with two lenses are probably the most common type, as they can accommodate a full 360-degree angle with two lenses facing each other. A camera takes pictures and videos with an angle of just over 180 degrees, e.g. 220 degrees. These are then converted into a 360-degree object using software. Problems are often caused by stitching errors. This means that an incorrect combination of the images can result in an unclean cut edge that is difficult or impossible to remove.
#### Cameras with multiple lenses {#cameras_with_multiple_lenses}
Depending on the application, manufacturers use more than two camera lenses to produce the images. One of the first cameras was the throwing camera \"Panono\". It has 36 cameras, which are triggered at the same time at the highest point, if the camera was thrown into the air. The more lenses are installed in the camera, the more difficult it becomes for the software to combine the individual images. The possible stitching problems are less with a good stitching.
#### Camera rigs {#camera_rigs}
Camera rigs are mostly used for the attachment of 6 conventional Actioncams. GoPro produced one of the first camera rigs. They are available in different versions and connect several single cameras. The cameras are placed in this cube and record the surroundings in all directions.
#### Mosaic based cameras {#mosaic_based_cameras}
If several \"normal\" cameras are combined in a network, one speaks of mosaic-based cameras. Each of these cameras records a small area of the environment. The individual images are then joined like mosaic stones to form an omnidirectional overall image. The number of cameras to be used depends on the focal length of the lenses used. The smaller the focal length, the larger the angle of view and the fewer cameras are required.
## Display
QuickTime VR (QTVR) was the original interactive panorama format, with Apple\'s QuickTime software acting as the viewer. Recent versions of Microsoft Windows and Microsoft Photos also provide built-in support via the .pano file extension. There are also a growing number of different players and plug-ins. Many of these have been based on Flash, Java, SilverLight, and custom programming using OpenGL and WebGL, but 360 player development is now largely based in HTML5 and JavaScript.
VR photography can also be used for displaying objects in 360 (360 product photography), commonly referred to as 360 Object VR, 360 product photography, 360 product images and 360 product views). These are created by capturing a series of images as the object rotates over a 360 rotation (camera stays in a fixed position). The output will be a series of individual images (typically JPG format) that can then be composed into an interactive 360 view, typically using HTML5 and JavaScript. 360 Object VR is commonly used in ecommerce
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# Hart, California
**Hart** was a short-lived gold mining town located in the Mojave Desert, in San Bernardino County, California. It existed between 1908 and 1915, and was located on the northeastern edge of Lanfair Valley near the New York Mountains. The area is now in the Castle Mountains National Monument, administered by the National Park Service.
## History
In late 1907, while a depression gripped the nation, three prospectors from Goldfield -- James Hart and the brothers Bert and Clark Hitt -- found pockets of rich gold ore in the Castle Mountains, approximately four miles south of the Barnwell & Searchlight Railroad.
The strike was touted as the \"Second Goldfield bonanza\". In early 1908, prospectors swarmed to the strike. During the next few months, 700 people arrived, a camp was established, a telephone line was strung to Barnwell, the weekly newspaper *Enterprise* started up, a voting precinct and justice-court township were created, and a post office were established.
By summer, Hart\'s 1,500 residents were served by the Norton House and Martin House Hotels, and the Star rooming house (flophouse). Other businesses included two general stores, (including the Hart-Gosney), the Ames Book and Cigar Store, a real-estate office, a candy store, two lumberyards, a bakery, eight saloons (including Hart and Hitt, C. Aguire, Arlington Club, Honest John, Oro Belle, and Northern Bar), and a brothel. There were telephone and telegraph services, and a water line.
A miners\' union was organized. A businessmen\'s league limited the sale of liquor, enforced police and fire regulations, and ousted gamblers and toughs.
Hart and Hitt\'s original claim was sold by their promoter, Will Foster, to the Oro Belle Mining Company of Duluth, Minnesota in 1908 for \$100,000. The mine was never profitable and shut down permanently in 1918.
All the other mines had the same fate. The pockets of high-grade ore proved small, and mining declined as soon as 1909. The largest mine besides the Oro Belle was the Big Chief, originally called the Jumbo, also owned by the Hart brothers. A 10 Stamp mill was built at this mine. Other mines included the Twin Peaks, the Flyer, the Florence, the Zinc-Graf property, and the Todd Hunter lease.
The *Enterprise* and other businesses closed. A fire wiped out much of the business district (largely deserted); the leading mines suspended work and the miners' union was disbanded. The court district and voting precinct were abolished, and the post office closed in late 1915
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# Neal Blewett
**Neal Blewett**, AC (born 24 October 1933) is an Australian Labor Party politician, diplomat and historian. He was the Member of the House of Representatives for Bonython from 1977 to 1994. He served in both the Hawke and Keating governments, notably in the former as Minister for Health from 1983 to 1991, during which time he oversaw the Government\'s reaction to HIV/AIDS. After retiring from Parliament in 1994, he was appointed High Commissioner to the United Kingdom, a role he held until 1998.
## Education and academic career {#education_and_academic_career}
Born in Launceston, Tasmania, Blewett was educated at Launceston High School and the University of Tasmania, from which he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts with Honours and a Diploma of Education. Blewett received a Rhodes Scholarship and studied PPE at Jesus College, Oxford between 1957 and 1959 for a further BA (later converted to a Master of Arts). He obtained a PhD from the University of Oxford in 1967.
An historian of British electoral politics of the Edwardian era, in 1972 Blewett published a study of the British general elections of January and December 1910. The book was very well received, described by reviewers \"as one of the most substantial achievements of recent historical psephology\" and \"an extremely impressive monograph using practically every possible technique at the disposal of the professional historian\". In 1974 Blewett was appointed professor of politics at Flinders University in South Australia, a position he held until 1977 when he ran for parliament.
## Political career {#political_career}
When Labor under Bob Hawke won government in the 1983 election, Blewett was made Minister for Health. In 1987, with the introduction of \"super-departments\", he gained additional responsibilities as Minister for Community Services and Health. As Health Minister, he oversaw many important reforms such as the implementation of the Medicare universal health scheme, the Disability Services Act 1986, a \'Drug Offensive\' which included tobacco smoking and alcohol, and a national strategy to combat HIV/AIDS. The strategy included a major education and advertising campaign (including the famous \'Grim Reaper\' advertisement), and legislation against discrimination against HIV/AIDS sufferers.
In 1990, he became Minister for Trade and Overseas Development. Blewett supported Paul Keating in his successful 1991 leadership challenge against Hawke, and when Keating became Prime Minister, Blewett became Minister for Social Security until he resigned from politics in 1994, sparking a Bonython by-election.
## Post-political career {#post_political_career}
In 1994, Neal Blewett was appointed Australian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom, as which he served until 1998. At the same time, he was on the Executive Council of the World Health Organization.
Returning to Australia in 1998, he became President of the Australian Institute of International Affairs and a visiting professor of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Sydney. In 2002, he was appointed as President of the Alcohol and Other Drugs Council of Australia.
In 1999, he published *A Cabinet Diary: A Personal Record of the First Keating Government 1991--93*, his memoirs which detailed his time on the frontbench of the Keating government.
## Honours
Neal Blewett has received honorary degrees from the University of Tasmania, the University of Hull and the Australian National University. He was appointed an Honorary Fellow of Jesus College Oxford in 1998.
In 1995, he was appointed Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) for service to Australian society.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Neal Blewett was married for 26 years to Jill Blewett, a renowned Australian playwright, with whom he had two children. Jill died when she was electrocuted in their home in October 1988. The South Australian coroner made no finding that her death was accidental, and in his 1999 memoir *A Cabinet Diary*, Blewett said that his wife \"took her own life in October 1988\".
Blewett revealed he was homosexual in a May 2000 issue of *The Age*\'s *Good Weekend* magazine, which profiled his relationship with long-term partner Robert Brain, whom he had met as a university student 50 years previously. The couple live in Leura in the Blue Mountains, west of Sydney. Brain and Blewett moved in together in 1989, after which Blewett successfully sued a radio station and two doctors for claiming that he was imposing wrong AIDS policy because he was gay and because the gay community would not support a more appropriate policy. The defence argued that calling someone gay was not defamatory, but this argument was rejected. The defamation was that Blewett had imposed the wrong AIDS policy on Australia because he was gay and had refused to take the right action that gays wouldn\'t like. This was found to be false and defamatory
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# Graeme Richmond
**Graeme Richmond** (27 January 1934 -- 15 September 1991) was a long time administrator of the Richmond Football Club.
Recruited from Geelong College, he played mainly as a defender in Richmond\'s Thirds from 1951 to 1953. He captained this side and won its Best & Fairest in 1952. He also played 13 games for the Richmond Seconds side in 1952 and 1953. His playing career ended with a serious knee injury but he went on to coach the Richmond Under 17s in 1960 and Under 19s in 1961 and 1962.
He served as Club Secretary from 1962 until 1968, then as Club Treasurer from 1968 to 1969. He was a member of the Richmond Football Club Committee from 1970 through to 1986 and was Vice-President from 1979 until 1983. He was suspended for the rest of the season in 1974 for his involvement in an infamous bench-clearing brawl at Windy Hill in Round 7.
Graeme Richmond was made a life member of the Richmond Football Club in 1967, was a life member of the Victorian Football League and was awarded the VFL\'s Jack Titus Service Award in 1983.
He was the publican of the George Hotel in St Kilda, and in 1978 agreed to convert its ballroom into a punk rock venue. Named the Crystal Ballroom, it became a launching pad for local bands, including The Birthday Party, Models and Hunters and Collectors, and also hosted many international bands.
He died of cancer in 1991 and was posthumously inducted into the Club\'s Hall of Fame in its inaugural year, 2002.
During the Tigers Centenary year, Graeme was awarded \"Servant of the Century\" in 100 Tiger Treasures
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# NFL on DuMont
***The NFL on DuMont*** is an American television program that broadcast National Football League (NFL) games on the now defunct DuMont Television Network. The program ran from 1951 to 1955.
## History
DuMont\'s NFL coverage consisted of contracts the network signed with individual NFL teams. Only for the NFL Championship Game did the network actually sign a contract with the league. Some teams did not have deals with DuMont; instead selling television rights to local stations, independent producers, or breweries who were major sponsors and who also packaged the telecasts.
### 1951-1952
Locally and regionally televised games were broadcast as early as 1939, but on December 23, 1951, DuMont televised the first ever live, coast-to-coast professional football game, the NFL Championship Game between the Los Angeles Rams and Cleveland Browns. DuMont paid \$75,000 for the rights to broadcast the game.
In 1952, DuMont only aired New York Giants games before moving to a more national scope the following season.
### 1953-1954 {#section_1}
During the 1953 and 1954 seasons, DuMont broadcast Saturday night NFL games. It was the first time that National Football League games were televised live, coast-to-coast, in prime time, for the entire season. This predated *Monday Night Football* on ABC by 17 years. Several of the games in 1953 and 1954 originated in New York (Giants), Pittsburgh (Steelers), or Washington (Redskins). (All three of these cities had DuMont O&Os.)
From 1953-55, DuMont televised the Thanksgiving NFL games between the Detroit Lions and the Green Bay Packers.
DuMont was nominated for Emmy Awards for its coverage of the 1953 and 1954 seasons but did not win.
DuMont proved to be a less than ideal choice for a national broadcaster. The network had only eighteen primary affiliates in 1954, dwarfed by the 120 available to NBC (although a number of ABC, CBS, and NBC affiliates that had DuMont \"secondary\" affiliations did carry some NFL games, mainly on Sunday afternoons). Coverage of Canadian football\'s \"Big Four\" was more readily available on NBC than NFL games were in most markets on DuMont.
### 1955 {#section_2}
In January 1955, DuMont obtained rights from the Los Angeles Newspaper Charities to cover the Pro Bowl only one week before the game date. As they had trouble lining up affiliates to cover the game on such short notice, the telecast was cancelled.
By 1955, the DuMont network was beginning to crumble. For instance, in 1955, NBC replaced DuMont as the network for the NFL Championship Game, paying a rights fee of \$100,000. ABC acquired the rights to the Thanksgiving game. Meanwhile, most teams (sans the Giants, Eagles and Steelers, who received regionalized coverage from DuMont) were left to fend for themselves in terms of TV coverage.
Consequently, this is roughly how coverage went for each team in 1955:
- Colts - local coverage
- Bears - ABC home games
- Cardinals - ABC home games
- Browns - regional coverage, sponsored and produced by Carling Beer
- Lions - local coverage
- Packers - no coverage
- Rams - ABC Pacific
- Giants - DuMont regional
- Eagles - DuMont regional
- Steelers - DuMont regional
- 49ers - ABC Pacific
- Redskins - regional coverage, sponsored and produced by Amoco Gasoline
The October 17, 1955 issue of *Sports Illustrated* lists Chicago Cardinals-New York game as not televised. However, an article on this game in October 16, 1955 issue of the *New York Times* states, \"(t)he game will be telecast but will be blacked out within a 75 mile radius of New York City.\" Meanwhile, the October 31, 1955 issue of *Sports Illustrated* lists the Chicago Bears-Los Angeles game as being televised. If so, it could have been televised as a syndicated pick up. Bob Wolff is listed as doing play-by-play for the Giants game for DuMont, so Chris Schenkel could have made the call here.
DuMont ceased most entertainment programs (and a nightly newscast) in early April 1955. DuMont still broadcast some sports events (a Monday-night boxing show and the 1955 NFL season) until either August 1956, or Thanksgiving 1957. Prior to the 1956 NFL season, DuMont sold its broadcast rights to CBS; for DuMont\'s last broadcast in 1957, a high school football state championship, it borrowed Chris Schenkel, CBS\'s announcer for New York Giants broadcasts at the time.
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# NFL on DuMont
## Announcers
DuMont normally used a single announcer for its telecasts, a common practice then but a departure from modern practice where a play-by-play announcer is paired with a color commentator. Several of DuMont\'s championship game broadcasts did have color commentators.
- Frankie Albert
- Jim Britt
- Ken Coleman
- John Fitzgerald
- Earl Gillespie
- Red Grange
- Tom Harmon
- Herman Hickman
- Bob Kelley
- Bill McColgan
- Steve Owen - Owen was the host of *Pro Football Highlights* on the DuMont Television Network from 1951-53.
- Van Patrick
- Bob Prince
- Bob Reynolds
- By Saam
- Chris Schenkel - In 1952, Schenkel was hired by the DuMont Television Network, for which he broadcast New York Giants football and hosted DuMont\'s *Boxing From Eastern Parkway* (1953-1954) and *Boxing From St. Nicholas Arena* (1954-1956).
- Ray Scott - His first NFL broadcasts came in 1953 over the DuMont network; three years later he began doing play-by-play on Packers broadcasts for CBS and it was in Green Bay that his terse, minimalist style (e.g. : \"Starr . . . Dowler . . . Touchdown, Green Bay.\") developed its greatest following.
- Chuck Thompson - Thompson\'s national television debut was in 1954 when he succeeded Ray Scott as the voice of the NFL\'s Saturday night *Game of the Week* on the DuMont Television Network, as well as that year\'s NFL Championship Game.
- Joe Tucker
- Don Wattrick
- Harry Wismer - In 1953, Wismer was involved in an early attempt to expand football into prime time network television, when ABC, now with a renewed interest in sports, broadcast an edited replay on Sunday nights of the previous day\'s Notre Dame games, which were cut down to 75 minutes in length by removing the time between plays, halftime, and even some of the more uneventful plays. (While this format was not successful in prime time, a similar presentation of Notre Dame football later became a staple of Sunday mornings for many years on CBS with Lindsey Nelson as the announcer.) Also that season was the first attempt at prime time coverage of pro football, with Wismer at the microphone on the old DuMont Network. Unlike ABC\'s Notre Dame coverage, DuMont\'s NFL game was presented live on Saturday nights, but interest was not adequate to save the DuMont Network, which had by this point already entered what would be a terminal decline (although it did mount a subsequent 1954 season of NFL telecasts, minus Wismer, which proved to be one of its last regular programs).
### NFL Championship Game commentators {#nfl_championship_game_commentators}
Season Play-by-play Color commentator(s)
-------- ------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------
1951 Harry Wismer Earl Gillespie
1952 Harry Wismer
1953 Harry Wismer Red Grange
1954 By Saam (first half) and Chuck Thompson (second half)
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# NFL on DuMont
## Status of broadcasts today {#status_of_broadcasts_today}
Two episodes of the NFL\'s highlights package, *Time for Football*, from the 1954 season survive, featuring game action of Week 1 and Week 6. *Time for Football* was a co-production of DuMont and Tel Ra. The Week 6 episode presumably includes DuMont\'s own game footage from the Saturday night game between Philadelphia and Green Bay. No audio play-by-play or commentary survives from any DuMont telecast.
It is also possible that [this video footage](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4mvpG0xMiM) is DuMont coverage of the 1953 NFL Championship Game, though it is not confirmed and the tape contains no audio. That footage is available for viewing on YouTube. This game, and others aired by DuMont, were broadcast live and were probably not recorded except on kinescope for later viewing by the few DuMont affiliates and stations in the west or for highlight reels and game film.
Two five-second plugs from October 1954 promoting DuMont\'s NFL programming survive
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# I Don't Wanna Live Without Your Love
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# Mara the Lioness
**Mara the Lioness** (1965--1974) was an animal actor who appeared as Elsa in the 1966 movie *Born Free*, based on the true story of Elsa the Lioness raised by George and Joy Adamson.
Mara was born in the wild in 1965, a premature cub abandoned by her mother during a violent rain storm. She was found lying on sodden ground, caked in mud on the plains of Masailand by Samwel, an African game scout and Larry Wateridge. Sick with hunger and in a semi coma, she was taken to a nearby coffee plantation in Kenya owned by British couple Irene and Douglas Grindlay.
Irene Grindlay took it upon herself to nurse the ailing cub back to health. Initially Mara was to stay only a few days but she soon became a permanent fixture, hand reared and fully domesticated. As she grew larger however it became increasingly clear that she would need to be relocated.
The most obvious choice was the local animal orphanage at the entrance to the Nairobi National Park. Opened in September 1963 as a refuge for orphaned or sick wild animals, the park initially held less than thirty animals, with Ugas (who also starred in the movie *Born Free*) the only lion. By 1965 the park held 117 orphans of 36 species including lion, leopard, cheetahs, african buffalo, camels, hyena, jackal and wild dogs. It took many months for Mara to settle into her new home where she was affectionately known as the \"friendly lioness\". The Grindlays, as self-appointed guardians, remained in frequent contact.
## Fame
Mara had only been in the Animal Orphanage for about six months when the *Born Free* film crew arrived. They were looking for lionesses to play the part of Elsa and decided that Mara would make an ideal adult Elsa. Seventeen lionesses were selected from across Africa and used to portray this famous big cat; their ages ranging from a few weeks to several years old. In total there were twenty-one lions and lionesses used during filming, with Mara the primary animal actor.
Although Mara\'s size and weight required delicate handling on set, she was placid and easily directed. The Grindlays were regulars on set but were careful never to attend when Mara was filming because Mara had a tendency to stray towards them. Her affection for the Grindlays and theirs for her never waned.
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# Mara the Lioness
## Life after *Born Free* {#life_after_born_free}
Once filming had completed, Mara returned to the Animal Orphanage, however the Board of Trustees of the Kenya National Parks became concerned regarding in the increase in the number of adoptees. They requested that Mara, Ugas and three younger lionesses be relocated to Whipsnade Park. The Grindlays, who maintained responsibility for Mara, eventually agreed to release Mara into the care of Whipsnade.
While waiting to go to Whipsnade, reports surfaced that Ugas, Mara and three other lionesses were to be rehabilitated by George and Joy Adamson. The proposed experiment was heavily protested.
The Grindlays were opposed to the idea because Mara\'s behaviour was that of a domesticated dog. Along with animal lovers, naturalists and experienced game wardens, they held the belief that integration back into the wild would harm Mara, rather than benefit. Mara did not fear man and indeed went out of her way to approach and play. This posed an enormous risk to her safety.
In addition, release into the wild would place Mara and the other lionesses at risk of contracting *Babesia*. Domesticated animals have no resistance to the fatal disease, a fact which George and Joy Adamson knew. Their lion Elsa had died of the same disease not less than two years earlier when they had attempted to release her back into the wild.
Eventually only Ugas was released into the Meru Game Reserve. It was decided that Mara was too tame and she and the other lionesses should be relocated to Whipsnade Park. Just prior to her departure Mara gave birth to male and female twin cubs, sired by Ugas during the filming of *Born Free*.
In 1966, Irene Grindlay wrote a book titled *Velvet Paws* which detailed the life of Mara up to and including her appearance in the movie *Born Free*.
> *\"We have no reason to reproach ourselves. We are quite convinced that we did the right thing in opposing her release and that for many years to come in Whipsnade Park she will be well-fed, contented and \... safe.\"* (Irene Grindlay, 1966)
It is not known how long Mara resided at Whipsnade Park. Mara lived the rest of her life at Whipsnade Park, she died in 1974.
## Films
- *The Lions Are Free* is the real life continuation of the award-winning movie classic Born Free. This film tells in a most personal and touching way about what happened to the lions that were in *Born Free*. Bill Travers who starred in *Born Free*, travels to a remote area in Kenya East Africa to visit conservationist George Adamson and several of his lion friends. There are some scenes of George Adamson and Bill Travers interacting with lions who are living free. James Hill who directed *Born Free* produced this film along with Bill Travers. In November 2006, this film and the film *Christian The Lion at World\'s End* were both released on DVD.
- Mara is also a lion cub\'s name in the Disneynature 2011 documentary film *African Cats*
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# Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tucumán
The **Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tucumán** (*Archidioecesis Tucumanensis*) is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Añatuya, Concepción and Santiago del Estero.
## History
The first Diocese of Tucumán was erected in 1570 but the see was in Santiago del Estero, until 1697, and later in Córdoba: it is now the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Córdoba.
On 15 February 1897 Pope Leo XIII founded the new Diocese of Tucumán from territory taken from the Diocese of Salta. Pope Pius XII elevated it to an archdiocese on 11 February 1957. It lost territory to the Diocese of Concepción when it was created in 1963.
## Bishops
### Ordinaries
- Pedro Miguel Argandoña Pastene Salazar (1744--1762)
- Pablo Padilla y Bárcena (1898--1921)
- Barnabé Piedrabuena (1923--1928)
- Agustín Barrere, F.M.I
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# Outi Alanko-Kahiluoto
**Outi Alanko-Kahiluoto** (born 14 June 1966) is a Finnish politician representing the Green League. She was elected to the Finnish Parliament in the parliamentary election of March 2007 and reelected in 2011. In the 2015 parliamentary elections, Alanko-Kahiluoto was again reelected to the parliament with 7,884 votes. She was not re-elected in the 2023 Finnish parliamentary election.
She is also a member of the Helsinki City Council and has been the chairperson of the local party organisation in Helsinki. Her political career began with her successful campaign in the municipal elections in 2004.
Alanko-Kahiluoto was born in Oulu. Prior to her election to the parliament in 2007, she worked as a researcher at the University of Helsinki.
She is married to theatre director Atro Kahiluoto. They have two children
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# Clint Rickards
**Clint Rickards** (born January 20, 1961) is a former high-ranking New Zealand police officer who in the 2000s was accused of involvement in a number of sexual crimes in the 1980s. These involved multiple police officers having sex with teenage girls. Rickards was brought to trial in two cases, one for the alleged rape of Louise Nicholas and another for allegedly kidnapping and indecently assaulting a then 16-year-old girl. He was acquitted in both trials in March 2006. Although he and co-accused, former policemen Brad Shipton and Bob Schollum, were acquitted, the juries in both trials were not allowed to hear of the previous convictions of Schollum and Shipton or that they were both currently serving sentences for a pack rape that involved the use of a baton on a young woman in Mt Maunganui in 1989.
From 2004 to 2007 Rickards was suspended on full pay. He held the rank of Assistant Commissioner, but resigned from the police on 22 November 2007, one day before the official inquiry into his misconduct was scheduled to begin. The police paid out his contract to the equivalent of 13 months\' salary (NZ\$300,000) in a deal leading to the resignation.
In 2008, Rickards completed a law degree, which he had been studying for during his suspension. He was admitted to the bar in November 2008. He was reported to be considering taking Louise Nicholas to court for what he considers perjury during the rape trial
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# Yukpa people
**Yukpa** is an Amerindian ethnic group that inhabits the northeastern part of the Cesar Department in northern Colombia by the Serranía del Perijá bordering Venezuela. Their territory covers the eastern areas of the municipalities of Robles La Paz, Codazzi and Becerril in *Resguardos* (indian reserve) named Socorpa, Menkue, El Cozo Iroka and some other small areas in Venezuela. According to an Inter Press Service story, the majority of the Yukpa, who number nearly 10,000, live in Venezuela although some communities are still located in the mountains across the border in Colombia. The Yukpa people have been known to consume certain nest-inhabiting wasp species, such as *Polistes pacificus*, which make paper nests that can be quickly knocked from its hanging place on a tree directly into a fire, where the larvae are then toasted
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# Antonio Zanchi
**Antonio Zanchi** (`{{IPA|it|anˈtɔːnjo dˈdzaŋki}}`{=mediawiki}; 6 December 1631 -- 12 April 1722) was an Italian painter of the Baroque, active mainly in Venice, but his prolific works can also be seen in Padova, Treviso, Rovigo, Verona, Vicenza, Loreto, Brescia, Milano, and Bergamo, as well as Bavaria.
He was born in Este and trained with Francesco Ruschi. His masterpieces were the canvas on the *Plague of Venice* painted for the Scuola di San Rocco and the ceiling on the *Crowning of the Virgin Mary with St. Girolamo Miani* (1703) in the Patriarchal Seminary of Venice, next to the Church of Santa Maria della Salute. He also painted a number of canvases for the Venetian church of Santa Maria del Giglio. Among his pupils were Francesco Trevisani and Antonio Molinari.
## Works
- *Alexander Taking the Body of Darius* (1660), Palazzo Albrizzi, Venice
- *Abraham Teaches Astrology to the Egyptians* (1665), Santa Maria del Giglio, Venice
- *Martyr of Saint Julian* (1674), St. Julian (San Guiliano), Venice
- *Crowning of the Virgin Mary with St. Girolamo Miani* (1703), Patriarchal Seminary of Venice
- *Universal Law*, Scuola di San Fantin, Venice
- *Samson and Deliliah*
- *Allegory of Time*
- *Joseph Interprets Dreams*, attributed work
- *Isaac Blesses Jacob*
- *David and Goliath*
- Canvases at the Santa Maria del Giglio church
```{=html}
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```
- The death of Aggripina\*
## Gallery
Antonio Zanchi La Virgen se aparece a las víctimas de la peste det 1666 Scuola Grande di San Rocco, Venecia.jpg\|*The Virgin Appears to Victims of the Plague* <File:Antonio> Zanchi Alegoría del Tiempo.jpg\|*Allegory of Time* <File:Antonio> Zanchi (attr) Josef deutet die Träume.jpg\|*Joseph interprets Dreams* <File:Antonio> Zanchi Jacob recibe la bendición de Isaac.jpg\|*Isaac blesses Jacob* <File:Antonio> Zanchi Abraham enseña astrología a los egipcios 1665 Santa Maria del Giglio Venecia.jpg\|*Abraham teaches astrology to the Egyptians* <File:Scuola> Grande dei Carmini (Venice) - Sala capitolare - Il miracolo del pozzo di Antonio Zanchi
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# Som, Uttar Pradesh
**Som** is a village in Sandila block of Hardoi district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was previously counted as a census town, but the 2011 census reclassified it as a village. It is connected to state highways and has 3 primary schools and 0 healthcare facilities. As of 2011, its population is 5,040, in 1,135 households
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# Tony Jewell (footballer)
**Tony \'TJ\' Jewell** (born 8 December 1943) is a former Australian rules football player who played in the VFL between 1964 and 1970 for the Richmond Football Club.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
### Richmond Football Club {#richmond_football_club}
He was recruited from Oakleigh in the VFA where he had led the club\'s goalkicking in 1962 and was placed 4th in the VFA\'s best & fairest award, the J. J. Liston Trophy, in 1963. Jewell played for Richmond Football Club, where he played a total of 80 games between 1964 and 1970.
## Coaching career {#coaching_career}
His initial coaching experience after leaving Richmond was with Caulfield then in the second division of VFA. He led them to the 2nd division premiership and promotion to the top division in 1973.
### Richmond Football Club {#richmond_football_club_1}
He was senior coach of Richmond from 1979 to 1981, which included winning the 1980 premiership, but was sacked to make way for Francis Bourke. He later returned to coach the Richmond Football Club as senior coach in his second stint from 1986 to 1987.
### St Kilda Football Club {#st_kilda_football_club}
He was also senior coach of St Kilda in 1983 and 1984
| 199 |
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| 0 |
10,136,780 |
# Teatro Pilipino
**Teatro Pilipino** was a resident drama company of the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) from 1976 to 1987. It was founded by Filipino playwright, translator, director, and educator Rolando S. Tinio, who also served as its Artistic.
The company was dedicated to producing world classics in translation as well as notable Filipino plays, as it aimed to promote cultural development and support of the Filipino language through theater.
Teatro Pilipino popularized a number of classic masterpieces among Filipino audiences by translating them into Filipino. Tinio believed that by presenting these works in translation, he was translating the philosophies and ideologies behind those plays as well.
After a 1975 pilot season of two plays sponsored by the Department of Public Information and the Cultural Center of the Philippines, the company was formally introduced as one of two resident drama companies of the CCP. After a change in government in 1986, the new CCP Management decided to abandon the drama companies, forcing Teatro Pilipino to move to a new home at the old Metropolitan Theater (MET) at Lawton, near Downtown Manila.
After the death of its principal actor, Dame Ella Luansing-Tinio in 1991, the curtain fell for the last time, after a performance of Shakespeare\'s *Twelfth Night* (Ikalabing-Dalawang Gabi). The play was produced as a showcase for Unang Tagpo (National Theater Festival).
Teatro Pilipino held annual summer workshops on acting, directing and stage management.
## Notable productions {#notable_productions}
Plays by Filipino playwrights staged by Teatro include Francisco Baltazar's Orosman at Zafira (Orosman and Zafira), 1977; and those written by Tinio himself, such as May Katwiran ang Katwiran (Reason Has Its Reason), 1981, 1989; and Ang Babae sa Panitik (Women in Literature), 1991
| 284 |
Teatro Pilipino
| 0 |
10,136,830 |
# Court of King's Bench of Manitoba
The **Court of King\'s Bench of Manitoba** (*Cour du Banc du Roi du Manitoba*)---or the **Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba**, depending on the monarch---is the superior court of the Canadian province of Manitoba.
The court is divided into two divisions. The Family Division deals with family law cases including divorces, guardianships, adoptions and child welfare. The General Division deals with civil and criminal matters, including civil trials, probate law, indictable offences and applications for the review of decisions from certain administrative tribunals.
The current Chief Justice of the Court of King\'s Bench `{{As of|2021|lc=y}}`{=mediawiki} is Judge Glenn Joyal, who was appointed on 3 February 2011.
## History of the Court {#history_of_the_court}
In May 1871, the legislature of Manitoba enacted *The Supreme Court Act* to establish a superior court with original and appellate jurisdiction in the province, called the **Manitoba Supreme Court**. The law provided:
> There shall be constituted a Court of Justice for the Province of Manitoba, to be styled \"The Supreme Court,\" which shall have jurisdiction over ail matters of Law and Equity, ail matters of wills and intestacy, and shall possess such powers and authorities in relation to matters of Local or Provincial jurisdiction, as in England are distributed among the Superior Courts of Law and Equity, and of Probate.
The Act also established inferior courts known as Petty Sessions. In 1872, *The Supreme Court Act* was amended by the Manitoba Legislature to change the name of the court to \"The Court of Queen\'s Bench,\" and the first Chief Justice was appointed in July that year. Also that year, the Petty Sessions were abolished and County Courts were established.
In 1906, the appellate jurisdiction of the Court of Queen\'s Bench was transferred to the newly-established Manitoba Court of Appeal. In 1984, the County Courts were merged with the Court of Queen\'s Bench, and the judges of the County Courts became Court of Queen\'s Bench judges. Further, in 1984 the Family Division of the Court of Queen\'s Bench was established.
## Divisions
The court is divided into two divisions.
The Family Division deals with cases of family law and child protection, including divorces, guardianships, adoptions, and child welfare. Judges of the Family Division sit in Flin Flon, Morden, Selkirk, St. Boniface, The Pas, Thompson, and Winnipeg.
The General Division deals with civil and criminal matters, including civil trials, probate law, indictable offences and applications for the review of decisions from certain administrative tribunals. Judges of the General Division sit in Brandon, Dauphin, Flin Flon, Morden, Portage la Prairie, Selkirk, St. Boniface, Swan River, The Pas, Thompson, and Winnipeg.
| 438 |
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| 0 |
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# Court of King's Bench of Manitoba
## Judges
### Current justices {#current_justices}
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Judge | Title | Appointed | Location |
+======================+============================================+==============================================+==========+
| Glenn D. Joyal | Chief Justice | February 3, 2011 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Shane I. Perlmutter | Associate Chief Justice (General Division) | March 7, 2013 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Gwen B. Hatch | Associate Chief Justice (Family Division) | May 14, 2020 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Brenda L. Keyser | Supernumerary judge | - October 3, 1995 | Winnipeg |
| | | - April 4, 2014 (Supernumerary status) | |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| John A. Menzies | Supernumerary judge | - August 7, 1996 (Family Division) | Brandon |
| | | - October 6, 1998 (General Division) | |
| | | - September 1, 2017 (Supernumerary status) | |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Deborah J. McCawley | Supernumerary judge | - September 16, 1997 | Winnipeg |
| | | - May 26, 2014 (Supernumerary status) | |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Frank Aquila | Supernumerary judge (Family Division) | - February 28, 2000 | Winnipeg |
| | | - January 1, 2016 (Supernumerary status) | |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Robert B. Doyle | Judge (Family Division) | February 28, 2000 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Joan G. McKelvey | Judge | September 27, 2001 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Colleen Suche | Supernumerary judge | - July 16, 2002 | Winnipeg |
| | | - November 19, 2018 (Supernumerary status) | |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Shawn D. Greenberg | Judge | October 28, 2003 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| A. Catherine Everett | Judge (Family Division) | November 22, 2006 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Michael A. Thomson | Judge (Family Division) | June 1, 2007 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Douglas N. Abra | Supernumerary judge | - June 22, 2007 (effective July 10) | Winnipeg |
| | | - July 10, 2017 (Supernumerary status) | |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Joan A. MacPhail | Judge (Family Division) | January 22, 2009 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Chris W. Martin | Judge | January 22, 2009 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| William Johnston | Judge (Family Division) | July 30, 2009 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Robert A. Dewar | Judge | September 9, 2009 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Richard A. Saull | Judge | February 10, 2010 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Gerald L. Chartier | Judge | September 30, 2010 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Herbert Rempel | Judge | - December 1, 2011 (Family Division) | Winnipeg |
| | | - March 7, 2013 (General Division) | |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Sheldon W. Lanchbery | Judge | June 6, 2013 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| James G. Edmond | Judge | October 1, 2013 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Victor E. Toews | Judge | March 7, 2014 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Sadie Bond | Judge | April 11, 2014 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Allan D. Dueck | Judge (Family Division) | May 9, 2014 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Sandra Zinchuk | Judge | February 26, 2015 | Dauphin |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Kaye E. Dunlop | Judge (Family Division) | June 19, 2015 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Regan Thatcher | Judge (Family Division) | June 19, 2015 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Lore Mirwaldt | Judge (Family Division) | October 20, 2016 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| David Kroft | Judge | October 20, 2016 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Candace Grammond | Judge | October 20, 2016 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Scott Abel | Judge | December 19, 2017 | Brandon |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Kenneth Champagne | Judge | April 4, 2018 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Jeffrey Harris | Judge | October 9, 2018 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Connie Petersen | Judge (Family Division) | October 9, 2018 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Annette Horst | Judge (Family Division) | October 9, 2018 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Shauna Mc Carthy | Judge | June 27, 2019 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Anne Turner | Judge | June 27, 2019 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Theodor Bock | Judge | February 5, 2020 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Elliot H. Leven | Judge | December 11, 2020 | Brandon |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| L. Kim Antonio | Judge (Family Division) | December 11, 2020 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
| Brian Bowman | Judge | March 2, 2024 | Winnipeg |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------+
: Current judges, `{{As of|2024|August|lc=y}}`{=mediawiki}
### Past justices {#past_justices}
Past justices of the Court of King\'s Bench of Manitoba have included:`{{div col|colwidth=24em}}`{=mediawiki}
- Gordon J. Barkman
- Alexander Morris
- James Charles McKeagney
- Louis Betourney
- Edmund Burke Wood
- Joseph Dubuc (Chief Justice of Manitoba from August 8, 1903 until 1909)
- James Andrews Miller
- Lewis Wallbridge
- Thomas Wardlaw Taylor
- Robert Smith
- Albert Clements Killam
- John Farquhar Bain
- Albert Elswood Richards
- William Edgerton Perdue
- Thomas Graham Mathers
- Daniel Alexander Macdonald
- John Donald Cameron
- Thomas Llewellyn Metcalfe
- James Emile Pierre Prendergast
- Hugh Amos Robson
- Alexander Casmir Galt
- John Philpot Curran
- Andrew Knox Dysart
- John Evans Adamson
- James Frederick Kilgour
- William James Donovan
- Percival John Montague
- Fawcett Gowler Taylor
- Ewan Alexander McPherson
- William James Major
- Esten Kenneth Williams
- Arnold Munroe Campbell
- Joseph Thomas Beaubien
- John Joseph Kelly
- Robert George Brian Dickson
- John Alton Duncan
- Richard J. Scott (currently serving as Chief Justice of the Manitoba Court of Appeal)
- Michel A. Monnin (currently serving as a judge on the Manitoba Court of Appeal)
- Freda M. Steel (currently serving as a judge on the Manitoba Court of Appeal)
- Barbara M. Hamilton
- Alan D
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# Chezg
**Chezg** (*چزگ*) is a village in Taghenkoh-e Shomali Rural District, Taghenkoh District, Firuzeh County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 662, in 164 families
| 31 |
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| 0 |
10,136,906 |
# Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology
The ***Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology*** is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published in two parts, *A* and *B*, by the American Institute of Physics on behalf of the American Vacuum Society. It was established in 1964 and the editor-in-chief is Eray Aydil (University of Minnesota).
## History
- 1964--1982 *Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology*
- 1983--present *Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films*
- 1983--1990 *Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics Processing and Phenomena*
- 1991--present *Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures*
## Part *A* {#part_a}
Part *A* covers applied surface science, electronic materials and processing, fusion technology, plasma technology, surface science, thin films, vacuum metallurgy, and vacuum technology. According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal has a 2015 impact factor of 1.724.
## Part *B* {#part_b}
Part *B* covers vacuum and plasma processing of various materials, their structural characterization, microlithography, and the physics and chemistry of submicrometer and nanometer structures and devices. According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 1.398
| 189 |
Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology
| 0 |
10,136,909 |
# Justin Lee (activist)
**Justin Lee** is an American author, speaker, YouTuber, and LGBTQ Christian activist known for his focus on building bridges between groups who disagree.
He is the author of *Torn: Rescuing the Gospel from the Gays-vs.-Christians Debate* and *Talking Across the Divide: How to Communicate with People You Disagree With and Maybe Even Change the World*, and the director of a 2009 documentary, *Through My Eyes*, which explores the struggles of young gay Christians.
He is the founder and former executive director of the Gay Christian Network, which he ran from 2001 to 2017, and Nuance Ministries, which he has run since 2017.
## Background
Lee grew up in a conservative Christian home and continued identifying as an evangelical even after coming out as gay. According to The New York Times, \"Justin Lee believes that the Virgin birth was real, that there is a heaven and a hell, that salvation comes through Christ alone and that he\... is an evangelical Christian.\"
In 1997, after struggling to reconcile his own faith and sexuality, Lee posted his story online and heard from others who were similarly struggling. This led him to be more outspoken on behalf of LGBT Christians.
## Involvement with the Gay Christian Network {#involvement_with_the_gay_christian_network}
In August 2001, Lee launched the Gay Christian Network (GCN), first as a small online community of gay Christians, and then as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization to provide resources and support to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender Christians. The organization was notable for its welcoming of \"Side B\" gay and bi Christians who abstain from same-sex sexual relationships, despite Lee\'s own \"Side A\" (affirming) views. In an interview for CNN, Lee explained:
> We\'re just trying to get people together who experience attraction to the same sex, however they have handled that, and who love Jesus and say, OK, you are welcome here, and then let\'s pray together and figure out where God wants us to take it.
In 2007, Lee discussed the organization\'s origins as an online community:
> The Internet has made a huge difference in creating a movement \[\...\]. What at first might have seemed a little fringe group is then able to gain momentum as people meet others and discover they're not alone.
By 2016, the organization had grown to the point that its conference was being promoted as \"the largest annual LGBT Christian event\" with an attendance of \"1,500+ LGBT Christians and allies.\"
In 2017, Lee and the GCN board of directors announced in a joint statement that he would be leaving the organization \"due to irreconcilable differences about the direction and future of the organization,\" and that the organization\'s name would soon be changing. The organization later rebranded as Q Christian Fellowship, though Lee has distanced himself from the new incarnation, calling it \"an entirely different organization.\"
After his departure from GCN, Lee said he intended to continue doing LGBT Christian activism and announced the formation of a new nonprofit called Nuance Ministries.
## Fight against reparative therapy {#fight_against_reparative_therapy}
Lee has been an outspoken critic of the \"ex-gay\" or \"reparative therapy\" movement.
In his book *Torn*, he discussed his own experience with the \"ex-gay\" movement in the 1990s, writing that \"therapy can\'t make gay people straight\...what\'s typically happening is *behavior* change, not *orientation* (that is, *attraction*) change.\"
In 2006, he appeared on the Dr. Phil Show to argue that attempting to change someone\'s orientation does not work.
In 2012, Lee held a public conversation with Alan Chambers, then the president of \"ex-gay\" organization Exodus International, in which Lee argued that Exodus was hurting people and being dishonest about their results. Chambers then admitted that
> The majority of people whom I have met, and I would say the majority meaning 99.9 percent of them, have not experienced a change in their orientation or have gotten to a place where they can say that they could never be tempted or are not tempted in some way, or experience some level of same-sex attraction.
A year later, when Exodus announced that they would be closing, Lee wrote, \"As a Christian, I grew up believing groups like Exodus could make me straight. Even years after I realized that didn\'t work, I continued to hear from friends and family who pushed me to keep trying to change my orientation. Exodus\'s announcement today is the acknowledgement many of us have been waiting to hear for a long, long time.\"
## \"Side A\"/\"Side B\" dialogue {#side_aside_b_dialogue}
Lee engages in frequent public dialogues with Spiritual Friendship co-founders Ron Belgau and Wesley Hill in which Lee takes a \"Side A\" position (arguing for monogamous same-sex relationships) and Belgau or Hill takes a \"Side B\" position (arguing for celibacy).
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# Justin Lee (activist)
## Other notable details {#other_notable_details}
Lee is recognizable for his baldness and noticeable lack of eyebrows due to alopecia areata, a condition he has had since childhood.
## Books
- [Torn: Rescuing the Gospel from the Gays-vs.-Christians debate](https://www.amazon.com/Torn-Rescuing-Gospel-Gays-vs-Christians-Debate-ebook/dp/B00FOVU3PM/) (Jericho Books, 2012)
- [Talking Across the Divide: How to Communicate with People You Disagree with and Maybe Even Change the World](https://www.amazon
| 64 |
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| 1 |
10,136,954 |
# Na Hoon-a
**Choi Hong-gi** (`{{Korean|최홍기}}`{=mediawiki}; February 11, 1951), known professionally as **Na Hoon-a** (`{{Korean|나훈아}}`{=mediawiki}), is a South Korean trot singer who debuted in 1966.
## Introduction
Na Hoon-a is often referred to as the \"Emperor of Trot\" due to his charismatic personality and powerful voice. He was one of the country\'s most popular singers of the 1970s, alongside his rival Nam Jin. Na made international headlines in 2008 when he pulled down his pants on live television to dispel rumors that he had been castrated by a Japanese gangster. He is a legendary trot singer, and often appears on the KBS 1TV *Golden Oldies* (*가요무대*)
| 106 |
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| 0 |
10,136,976 |
# Sweet Impact
\"**Sweet Impact**\" is BoA\'s 22nd Japanese single. It was released on April 25, 2007, and it hit #5 on the Oricon chart on its first day of release. The song \"Sweet Impact\" was first featured in Japan\'s FASIO commercial in January 2007. The video was inspired by Michael Jackson\'s *Moonwalker*. The single has approximately sold over 5,000 copies in Korea. It is also her first single to feature different cover art for both the CD-Only and CD+DVD versions.
## Track listings {#track_listings}
### CD
#### First Press Edition {#first_press_edition}
1. Sweet Impact (5:02)
2. Bad Drive (3:31)
3. So Real (ArmySlick\'s Scratch Build Vocal) (4:39)
4. Sweet Impact (TV Mix) (5:02)
5. Bad Drive (TV Mix) (3:28)
#### Regular Edition {#regular_edition}
1. Sweet Impact (5:02)
2. Bad Drive (3:31)
3. Sweet Impact (TV Mix) (5:02)
4. Bad Drive (TV Mix) (3:28)
### DVD
1. Sweet Impact (video clip) (5:06)
## Live performances {#live_performances}
- 2007.04.02 - Hey! Hey! Hey! Music Champ
- 2007.04.27 - Music Station
- 2007.05
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| 0 |
10,136,997 |
# New Wave (Against Me! album)
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unexpected '{'
{{album chart|Billboard200|57|artist=Against Me!|accessdate=August 3, 2015|rowheader=true}}
^
``
| 24 |
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| 0 |
10,137,044 |
# Cabana boy
A **cabana boy** is a male attendant who serves the guests of a hotel, large private estate, or luxury resort operating from a nearby *cabaña* (Spanish for cabin; compare cabin boy, a similar occupation aboard ships during the age of sail), often on a beach. A **pool boy** or **pool attendant** performs the same duties at a swimming pool. Duties may include: working with towels, swimsuits, robes, blankets, bathing caps, soap, umbrellas, beach chairs, launder, and may serve refreshments.
## Notable cabana boys in fiction {#notable_cabana_boys_in_fiction}
### Literature
- in the 1974 novel *Montauk* by the Swiss writer Max Frisch
### Motion pictures {#motion_pictures}
- Jeffrey Willis in *The Flamingo Kid*
- Enrique Salvatore in *Legally Blonde*
- Alan Riply in *Forever Mine*
### Video games {#video_games}
- in *The Curse of Monkey Island* and *The Siege of Plunder*
- a single mission in *Hitman: Blood Money*, set in Del Mar, California
### Television
- Brad Carlton in *The Young and the Restless*
- Cabana Boy (also known as Pool Boy) in *MADtv*\'s recurring skit \"Cabana Chat\" played by Bryan Callen
- John Cherland and Kirk Porter in *Crowned: The Mother of All Pageants*
- Sean (Dustin Clare) in *Satisfaction*
- Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry) in *Friends*
- Ramon (Carlos Jacott) in *Seinfeld*
- Zak (Paul Michael Robinson) in *Sabrina, the Teenage Witch*
- Brandon Walsh (Jason Priestley) in *Beverly Hills, 90210*
- Bart Simpson in *The Simpsons* was once described by his sister Lisa Simpson as \"the devil\'s cabana boy.\"
- In *Monk (TV series)* Lieutenant Randy Disher is mockingly dubbed a \"Cabana Boy\" of his superior, Captain Leland Stottlemeyer, by the criminal Dale the Whale
| 280 |
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| 0 |
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# Ninja Golf
***Ninja Golf*** is an Atari 7800 video game which combines a beat \'em up and golf. It was programmed by David A. Dentt and David R. Sullivan of BlueSky Software and published by Atari Corporation in 1990 as one of the last releases for the console. A version for Atari 8-bit computers was in simultaneous production but was cancelled. The ninja player character hits a golf ball at the beginning of each hole, then fights enemies in side-scrolling sections to reach it. Each green is guarded by a fire-breathing dragon boss that the player must defeat by throwing *shurikens*.
Critical reception for *Ninja Golf* has been mixed, though retrospective media coverage has seen its unusual concept and blend of genres as very memorable. The game has since been featured on several retro game compilations, services, and consoles. An enhanced remake for iOS and Android was developed by Alpha Dog Games and released by Atari Interactive in 2019.
## Gameplay
*Ninja Golf* mixes golf and beat \'em up gameplay and puts the player in the role of a ninja who has completed their training, tasked with nine holes of the titular sport as a final test. Each hole (stage) begins with the player aiming their golf ball via a mini-map and shooting it toward the green. The path to reach the ball is set up like a traditional side-scroller, where the player fights other ninjas and hostile animals along the way. These creatures include gophers, birds, giant frogs, sharks, and snakes, depending on the environment. For instance, sharks are encountered in water hazards and snakes in sand traps. Ninjas exist in all the environments, including underwater.
The player can dodge foes by jumping and crouching as well attack with punches, kicks, and a limited supply of throwing shurikens. All regular enemies die in a single hit. The player can pick up restorative items such as extra health, lives, and shurikens as well as temporary invincibility and an instant warp to the green. The pattern of taking golf swings and fighting towards the ball\'s landing spot repeats until the green is reached, where the player encounters a dragon boss that guards it. These battles take place in a third-person perspective. The player must hit the dragon with shurikens while moving either right or left to avoid its fireballs. The player\'s score increases with defeating enemies, picking up items, and finishes holes with a limited number of strokes. The game contains four difficulty levels: easy, medium, hard, and *kamikaze*.
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# Ninja Golf
## Development
*Ninja Golf* was developed by BlueSky Software with a team consisting of programmers David R. Sullivan and David A. Dentt alongside artist Dana Christian. Sullivan was contracted by BlueSky while Dentt was led to employment at the company in 1988 while working at arcade video game developer Cinematronics. *Ninja Golf* was one of several titles pitched by publisher Atari Corporation\'s internal software team in early 1989.
Sullivan claimed that BlueSky was originally set to create a comedic platformer in the spirit of the film *Caddyshack*, but the simultaneous popularity of ninjas in the 1980s and the success of golf games like *Mean 18* led to the finalized concept. \"The way it was explained to me was that sports games were popular, ninjas were popular, so *Ninja Golf*\", Dentt recounted. \"One can not help but be in awe of the thought process!\" After being given the concept, the team expanded on it as development progressed, frequently receiving feedback from Atari. According to Sullivan, Christian was responsible for the game\'s more absurd elements and Atari was unhappy that the game swayed from a more serious tone.
The budget for the project was \$77,000 USD. The programmers each worked on a separate port of the game: Dentt on a version for the Atari 7800 home console and Sullivan on a version for the Atari 8-bit computers. The two frequently shared code with one another at their weekly meetings at a Sizzler restaurant. Aside from some art, the builds were nearly identical. However, the 8-bit computer version was eventually cancelled and remaining work shifted solely to the 7800 release.
Dentt\'s equipment consisted of an Atari ST and one external hard disk drive. The team had planned to implement a 3D renderer for the golf gameplay, but a simpler side-view was quickly added instead as combat became the main focus. When coding the graphics, Dentt recalled that the 7800 split the screen into three distinct sections. Each section could swap its palette during interrupt, increasing the possible total of colors on-screen at once. Dentt hid a joystick test within the game even after his producer insisted it be removed.
## Release
*Ninja Golf* was one of a plethora of games first unveiled by Atari at the summer 1989 Consumer Electronics Show. This came alongside an announcement that the company intended to further support its consoles even as its market share continued to dwindle against overwhelming competition from Nintendo. *Ninja Golf* was released in North America in the fourth quarter of 1990 and was one of the last titles for the Atari 7800. Atari manufactured about 100,000 cartridges for retail. The game has since seen numerous re-releases. It was included on the Internet Archive\'s MESS emulator in 2014; as part of a collection of Atari games for the Evercade handheld in 2020; on the short-lived Plex Arcade streaming service in 2021; on the *Atari 50* compilation for eighth and ninth generation consoles in 2022; and on cartridge for the Atari 2600+ console in 2024.
An enhanced remake of *Ninja Golf* was developed by Alpha Dog Games and published by Atari Interactive as a free-to-play application for iOS and Android around March 2019. Like the original game, the remake switches between golf and beat \'em up gameplay, but now features fully 3D graphics. In 2021, Atari sold off the distribution rights to the *Ninja Golf* remake alongside other free-to-play apps in order to refocus on marketing premium games for console and PC.
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# Ninja Golf
## Reception and legacy {#reception_and_legacy}
Critical reception for *Ninja Golf* has been mixed, though retrospective media sources have considered the game very memorable due to its unusual premise and mix of genres. Robert Naytor of *Hardcore Gaming 101* felt that neither the golf nor the beat \'em up gameplay were particularly well-realized, leading to a difficult and repetitive experience once the charm of the concept wears off. *AllGame* reviewer Joseph Scoleri III gave a similar assessment, summarized, \"While these facets of the game are imaginative, amusing and fun, the overall gameplay seems a little bland in comparison.\" John Delaney of the *Retro Gamer* team noted the serious delivery of its humor as deadpan and its gameplay as fun despite being simplistic compared to other beat \'em ups and golf simulations.
*Wireframe* contributor Ian Dransfield summarized it as having \"sort of *Jack Nicklaus*-does-*Shinobi* vibes. Is it good? No, not really. Is it absurd and funny? Yep. Perfect for golf haters everywhere.\" Brett Weiss wrote in his book *Classic Home Video Games 1972-1984* that the game successfully combines distinct genres, lauding the boss encounters as graphically impressive and functionally reminiscent of the bonus stages from the original *Shinobi*. Atari Gaming Headquarters reviewer Matthew Lippart made a similar observation regarding the boss fights and offered general praise to its graphics. He commended the combat gameplay while noting its difficulty in attacking when jumping and summarizing it \"basically *Kung Fu* with a really bad golf engine thrown in.\" Andy Slaven briefly mentioned in *Video Game Bible, 1985-2002* that the game\'s premise \"may sound wacky\" but it is \"surprisingly enjoyable\".
On his list \"The Best and Worst of \'80s Ninja Video Games\" *Den of Geek* writer Craig Lines proclaimed, \"I'm not sure there's a more quintessentially \'80s game in existence than Ninja Golf,\" calling it \"endlessly inventive\" and \"one of the best of its kind.\" Levi Buchanan of *IGN* listed it as the second best release on the Atari 7800, stating in a tongue-in-cheek fashion, \"*Ninja Golf* is a better conversation piece than a game. But how can you deny the concept? Or that box art?\"
The game has been featured on other lists by magazines and websites in the decades following its original release. This includes *Next Generation*'s \"five most bizarre game concepts of all time\", CNET\'s \"30 dumbest videogame titles ever\", *Paste*'s \"10 Goofy Golf Videogames that Aren't *Mario Golf*, *Bleacher Report*'s \"12 Most Insane Sports Video Games Ever\", and *Complex*'s \"15 Most Violent Sports Video Games\". The game\'s cover art has been considered among the worst of all time by *IGN*, *Complex*, *ComicsAlliance*, *Comic Book Resources*, *T3*, *Sports Illustrated*, and *Grunge*
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# UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs
The **UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs** (officially the **UCLA Meyer and Renee Luskin School of Public Affairs**) is the public affairs/public service graduate school at the University of California, Los Angeles. The school consists of three graduate departments---Public Policy, Social Welfare, and Urban Planning---and an undergraduate program in Public Affairs that began accepting students in 2018. In all, the school offers three undergraduate minors, the undergraduate major, three master\'s degrees, and two doctoral degrees.
It was formerly known as the **UCLA School of Public Affairs** until March 18, 2011, when it was renamed after UCLA alumni Meyer and Renee Luskin.
## Departments and degrees {#departments_and_degrees}
The Luskin School of Public Affairs offers degrees in the following concentrations:
- Public policy -- MPP
- Social welfare -- MSW, PhD
- Urban planning -- MURP, MRED, PhD
- Public affairs -- BA
Joint degree programs (J.D., MBA., Latin American Studies, Architecture and Urban Design, and Asian American Studies) are offered. Consult individual departments for more information.
The following minors are offered for undergraduate UCLA students:
- Public affairs
- Urban and Regional Studies
- Gerontology
## Research centers {#research_centers}
The Luskin School of Public Affairs houses the following research centers:
- Luskin Center for Innovation
- The Ralph and Goldy Lewis Center for Regional Policy Studies
- Institute of Transportation Studies
- Center for Policy Research on Aging
- Institute on Inequality and Democracy
- The Latino Policy & Politics Initiative
- The Center for Neighborhood Knowledge
- Latin American Cities Initiative
- UCLA Voting Rights Project
Unique programs include a Social Justice Initiative, Senior Fellows program, and Global Public Affairs.
## The UCLA Voting Rights Project {#the_ucla_voting_rights_project}
The University of California, Los Angeles Voting Rights Project (UCLA VRP) was founded in August 2019. The UCLA VRP started out as a project within the UCLA Latino Politics & Policy Institute, and as of July 1, 2024, became an independent research center housed within the Luskin School of Public Affairs.
The UCLA VRP\'s Faculty Director is Matt Barreto, and the project\'s Director of Litigation is Chad W. Dunn. The purpose of the UCLA VRP is to teach and train students on the history and modern application of the Voting Rights Act, and to support equal voting rights across the United States through impact litigation and the publishing of public policy research reports. The UCLA VRP maintains a two-quarter/semester sequence on teaching voting rights for undergraduate, graduate, and law students.
### Notable work {#notable_work}
The UCLA VRP is currently`{{When|date=January 2020}}`{=mediawiki} involved with the following court cases:
- *Higginson v. Poway*
- N*ew York v. U.S. Dep\'t of Commerce*
- *Texas L.U.L.A.C. v. Whitley*
- *Harding v. Dallas County*, *Texas*
- *Veasey v. Perry (Abbott)*
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# Mesilla Valley
The **Mesilla Valley** is a geographic feature of Southern New Mexico and far West Texas. It was formed by repeated heavy spring floods of the Rio Grande.
## Background
The fertile Mesilla Valley extends from Radium Springs, New Mexico, to the west side of El Paso, Texas. The valley is characterized by its few remaining bosques, as well as its native cottonwood trees, and increasingly, by invasive tamarisk, which was introduced in the late 19th century, and is known locally as *salt cedar*.
Due to the fertile nature of the valley, agriculture is a very important activity in this area. Stahmann Farms owns the world\'s largest pecan orchard, located south of the city of Las Cruces, New Mexico. Alfalfa, cotton, chile, onions and corn are other important cash crops grown in the Mesilla Valley. The Mesilla Valley is also known for its wine-producing capabilities, which originated with the Spanish exploration into New Mexico. It was part of Mexico until Gadsden Purchase in 1853
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# William Stanley, 9th Earl of Derby
**William Richard George Stanley, 9th Earl of Derby** (c. 1655 -- 5 November 1702), styled **Lord Strange** from 1655 to 1672, was an English peer and politician.
Derby was the eldest son of Charles Stanley, 8th Earl of Derby, and Dorotha Helena Kirkhoven.
He succeeded his father in the earldom in 1672 and later served as Lord Lieutenant of Lancashire from 1676 to 1687 and again from 1688 to 1701 and of Cheshire from 1676 to 1687. In 1685, Derby petitioned the House of Lords for the restoration of some of the family estates that had been seized from his late father, including the manors of Hawarden, Bidston, and Broughton, Lancashire.
Following the Glorious Revolution in which King William III supplanted James II, Derby was ordered as Lord Lieutenant of Lancashire to call out the Lancashire Militia in 1689. He raised three regiments of foot and three troops of horse, and was appointed Colonel of the first regiment. However, his younger brother, James, a professional soldier, actually commanded the Lancashire Brigade during the campaign in Ireland.
Lord Derby married Lady Elizabeth Butler, daughter of Thomas Butler, Earl of Ossory, in 1673. His only son James Stanley, Lord Strange, predeceased him.
On his death on 5 November 1702, his junior title of Baron Strange fell into abeyance between his two daughters (it was later called out abeyance in favour of the eldest daughter, Henrietta). He was succeeded in the earldom by his younger brother James Stanley, 10th Earl of Derby. Lady Derby died on 5 July 1717
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# KDEE-LP
**KDEE-LP** (97.5 FM) is a community radio station based in Sacramento, California.
## History
KDEE-LP was launched in 2004 by the California Black Chamber of Commerce. It is a community-oriented, commercial-free radio station serving the Greater Sacramento area with public affairs information, news for small business entrepreneurs, and youth programming. KDEE 97.5 FM is located at 1600 Sacramento Inn Way, Suite 232, Sacramento, CA 95815.
## Format
KDEE-LP provides a mix of music under the Urban Adult Contemporary format: MoTown, Soul, Neo-Soul, today\'s R&B, Jazz, Urban Gospel, new music from rising and established artists, and news. The station offers commercial-free programming and talk shows to provide information specific to the Sacramento community. KDEE-LP has a more expanded playlist typical of most non-commercial stations averaging 3,000 songs, and avoiding hip hop/rap music altogether. This makes it a community alternative to commercial stations KSFM, KHYL and former stations KBMB and KSSJ.
## Programming
Current \"On Air\" personalities are Tristen Mays, Jay King and Leon Guidry, along with several Sacramento community leaders and guests.
Talk shows include *In Black America*, *Free Talk Live*, *Health Matters*, and *Mid-Day Connect*.
Programming includes *Gospel Soul Sunday*, *The Smooth Vibe*, *New Music Mondays*, *Hot Lunch Special*, and *Friday Night Dance Party*. Note: SacTown\'s Smooth Vibe, hosted by Leon Guidry, blends the softer side of soul with urban and smooth Jazz. Sunday\'s noon till 6pm (PST)
## Coverage
When KDEE-LP was launched, it was originally on 97.7 FM, and could only be heard in the eastern part of Sacramento County at the most; it is not heard over the air too well in Sacramento proper, especially the African American community. However, this situation has been somewhat remedied: they have since launched a webcast. In 2011, KDEE-LP was moved to 97.5 FM and the transmitter was moved to provide better coverage. The terrestrial signal now covers the Sacramento metropolitan area and several outlying areas such as Davis, Elk Grove, Roseville, and Natomas. The 97.5 online stream (kdeefm.org) is available anywhere you get an Internet connection
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# Hospitalization Benefits Plan
**Alberta Hospitalization Benefits** describes health law for the province of Alberta, Canada. Chapter 3 of the *Hospitals Act* is the **Hospitalization Benefits Plan**.
Origins include the 1919 *Municipal Hospitals Act*, national *Health Services Act* of 1944, and the provincial *Lloydminster Hospital Act* of 1947
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