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# Pedro Penduko at ang Mga Engkantao
## Cast and characters {#cast_and_characters}
### Guest characters by episode {#guest_characters_by_episode}
**Episode 1: \"Amalanhig\"**
- ***Jamilla Obispo*** as *Kalagua\'s Spirit* - The main villain of the story. Dubbed as the \"ultimate evil\", she was a Babaylan who was burned to death by ancient tribesemen for her wickedness. She now seeks revenge by combining her spirit with a chosen Enkantao. Because she is only a mere spirit, Kalagua uses Dr. Eva Tabinas\' body as a vessel while she works on her plans. Kalagua was actually born dead. However, her father called upon the Devil to bring his baby back to life. Unfortunately, the resurrected Kalagua actually became Salupa. Salupa was an encantada warrior from Floreshka who was fiercely loyal to Floreshka during the war against Dalaketnons. However she wanted Floreshka to destroy Dalaket and refused peace with them. She was sentenced to death for her crimes. However, she made a deal with the Devil which allowed her soul to escape. Salupa replaced Kalagua\'s real soul. Salupa was brought back to life as a human Babaylan in the form of Kalagua.
- ***Cris Daluz*** as *Lolo Pablo Penduko* - the only person who knows that Kalagua was going to take her revenge, that\'s why his mission is to search for the six chosen Engkantaos.
- ***Benjie Felipe*** - one of the villains, a photographer who attacked Josef.
- ***John Estrada*** as *Dr. Lazaro* - the first victim of Kalagua, he is half-amalanhig and half-human, that\'s why Kalagua managed to combine with him.
- ***Joyce So***
**Episode 2: \"Alan\"**
- ***Victor Basa*** as *Ben* - An engkantao who is half-Alan. He seeks revenge against Dianne, his former boss, after she fired him from his job.
- ***Frank Garcia*** as *Coach Carlos* - Edward\'s Coach in the swimming team.
**Episode 3: \"Bal-Bal\"**
- ***Simon Ibarra*** as Arthur\'s Father
- ***Gilleth Sandico*** as Arthur\'s Mother
- ***Gino Paul de Guzman*** as *Austria* - A secret worker for the Bal-Bals who is working in the hospital as security guard so that he can steal dead bodies.
- ***Cassandra Ponti*** as *Baleria* - half-Bal-Bal, she was one of the leaders who was stealing dead bodies in the hospital and eat them.
- ***JR Valentin*** as *Balmonte* - one of the half-Bal-Bal who eats dead bodies.
**Episode 4: \"Mambabarang\"**
- ***Helga Krapf*** as *Mitzi* - An engkantao who is half-mambabarang. She is the one responsible for putting a curse on Hiyas after finding out that Hiyas replaced her as the muse of the MVP basketballteam.
- ***Rodjun Cruz*** as *Rickey* - Mitzi\'s ex-boyfriend and the captain of the MVP basketball team. Rickey became a victim of the mambabarang after he removed Mitzi as the muse of the basketballteam.
**Episode 5: \"Manananggal\"**
- ***Janus del Prado*** as *Doy* - A half-manananggal and half human. He was Marlene\'s boyfriend. Kalagua made his body a host to defeat the 6 chosen ones.
- ***Erich Gonzales*** as *Marlene* - A waitress in Dianne\'s Coffee Shop and Doy\'s girlfriend.
- ***James Blanco*** - Josef\'s co-owner of the club.
**Episode 6: \"Berberoka\"**
- ***Hazel Ann Mendoza*** as *Melinda* - An engkantao who is half-berberoka. Because she is half-berberoka, it is in her nature that she must drink large amounts of water. In this case, Melinda\'s source of water is the city\'s water supply.
- ***Eva Darren*** as*Lola Azon* - Melinda\'s grandmother. To keep Melinda from consuming all of the city\'s water supply, Lola Azon ties her to keep in her bed.
**Episode 7: \"Aswang\"**
- ***Gardo Versoza*** as *Nanding* - a half-aswang and half human. He really does not want to kill people but he just need something fed his family, and his only way to do this was to kill.
- ***Lovely Rivero*** as *Joy* - Nanding\'s wife. She does not know anything about the truth of his husband identity.
**Episode 8: \"Siyokoy\"**
- ***Enchong Dee*** as *Mark* - a half-siyokoy that is on the same swimming team as Edward. Since he is only half-siyokoy, he has to see his reflection every time he is in the water. When he gets into the water, his reflection transforms into a siyokoy ready to kill.
**Episode 9: \"Anggitay\"**
- ***Jenny Miller*** as *Belle* - a half-Anggitay and half-human schoolmate of Pedro, who also became a host of Kalagua.
**Episode 10: \"Nuno sa Punso\"**
- ***John Prats*** as *Bruno* - a half-human and half-nuno sa punso. He was Marie\'s old schoolmate and her partner in JS Prom. He has a love interest with Marie, but gets shut down when he finds out she does not love him.
- ***Jojit Lorenzo*** as *Amang Nuno* - Bruno\'s father.
**Episode 11: \"Pugot\"**
- ***Rafael Rosell*** as *Tony/Antonio Acael*- a half-Pugot, who\'s taking his revenge to a boy gang who killed his girlfriend.
- ***Sergio Garcia*** as one of the gangs.
- ***Marvin Raymundo*** as one of the gangs.
**Episode 12: \"Sigben\"**
- ***Nonie Buencamino*** as *Amo* - The original half Sigben, the kids were not actually Sigbens, he was just infecting them.
- ***Robert Villar*** as *Nognog* - one of the kids who became a Sigben.
**Episode 13: \"Ikugan\"**
- ***Ketchup Eusebio*** as *Watashi* - a half Ikugan. Marie\'s classmate who tried to kill his teacher who is maltreating him.
- ***Ana Capri*** - the class professor whom Watashi kidnapped and tortured.
**Episode 14 - 15: \"Santelmo\"**
- ***Mickey Ferriols*** as Monique\'s mother - she was pregnant by the king of Santelmos that is why Monique has the hottest fire of all half-Santelmos. Her flame is colored blue.
**Episode 16: \"Tiyanak\"**
- ***Bruce Quebral*** as Policeman/Tiyanak - he has a tiyanak twin brother hiding on his back. He uses his twin brother to kill all the criminals he chases.
**Episode 17: \"Tiktik\"**
- ***Jon Avila*** as *Tiktik* - poses as a callboy to prey on gay men. He uses his long protruding tongue to strangle his victims.
- ***James Blanco*** as *Carlo* - Josef\'s friend. In this episode, it was revealed that he was actually gay. He was lucky that he was able to consistently escape the pursuit of the Tiktik.
**Episode 18: \"Saranggay\"**
- ***Jason Abalos*** as Jorgie - a half Saranggay. He is one of Topher\'s friends. He transforms to the Saranggay by using a jewel. One night Tohpher\'s girlfriend got her purse stolen and she thinks that Jorgie is the guy.
- ***Jill Yulo*** as Jane - Topher\'s girlfriend
**Episode 19: \"Agta\"**
- ***Yul Servo*** as *Agta*
- ***Desiree del Valle*** as *Marie* - The girlfriend of the Agta
**Episode 20: \"Busaw\"**
- ***John Arcilla*** - leader of Busaw
- ***Irma Adlawan***
**Episode 21: \"Tikbalang\"**
- ***John Wayne Sace*** as Todi - An enkantao who is half Tikbalang
- ***Christian Vasquez*** as Nelson
**Episode 22: \"Kalagua\"**
- ***Albert Martinez*** as Juan Penduko
**Episode 23: \"Lambana\"**
- ***Geoff Eigenmann*** as Bagong Pantas
**Episode 24: \"Dalaketnon\"**
- ***Gerald Anderson*** as Juancho - The new leader of Dalaketnon
- ***Max Collins*** as Antonina - Cousin of Napoleon. she helped Napoleon to return to Dalaket
**Episode 25: \"Salupa\"**
**Episode 26: \"Huling Sagupaan\"**
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# Pedro Penduko at ang Mga Engkantao
## Production credits {#production_credits}
**Directors**: Dondon Santos, Erick Salud\
**Headwriter**: Agnes Gagelonia-Uligan\
**Episode Writers**: Aloy Adlawan, Galo Ador, Keiko Aquino, Agnes Gagilonia-Uligan, Joel Mercado\
**Production Manager**: Julie Ann Benitez\
**Production Designer**: Chris Ecker De Guzman, PDGP\
**Executive In Charge of Production**: Roldeo Endrinal\
**Executive Producers**: Rocky Ubana and Kylie R
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# Ron Everhart
**Ronald Cochran Everhart** (born January 11, 1962) is an American college basketball coach who is currently an assistant coach at West Virginia University. Born in Fairmont, West Virginia, he was previously head coach at Duquesne University, Northeastern University and McNeese State University.
## Career
Everhart took over as head coach of the Duquesne Dukes basketball team on March 29, 2006. Growing up less than 100 miles from the campus, Everhart watched Duquesne basketball frequently. In his first two seasons at Duquesne, he took a team that had won only three games the season prior to his arrival to 10 wins in 2006--07 and 17 in 2007--08. Everhart had previously turned around programs at both McNeese State and Northeastern.
In 2008--09, the Dukes made even more strides under Everhart, their signature performance coming in an upset win over #9 Xavier on February 7, 2009, Duquesne\'s biggest win in years. The sellout crowd stormed the court following the game. In his third season at Duquesne, he led the Dukes to the Atlantic 10 championship game. The Dukes lost the game 69--64, but earned an NIT bid, marking Duquesne\'s first postseason tournament since the 1994 NIT.
He was fired on March 22, 2012, following the completion of his sixth season as coach of the Dukes. On May 14, 2012, Everhart was named an assistant coach at his home-state West Virginia University under Hall of Fame coach and close friend Bob Huggins
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# Berugo Carámbula
**Heber Hugo Carámbula**, (31 October 1945 -- 14 November 2015), known by his stage name **Berugo Carámbula**, was a Uruguayan actor, comedian and television presenter, born in Las Piedras.
## Career
Berugo Carámbula started his career as a musician; in 1960 formed the jazz band \"Crazy Clown Jazz Band\". Later, already a comedian, was part of the cast in the Uruguayan TV program *Telecataplum*, for which he became well known in Argentina, altogether with the other members of the cast: Ricardo Espalter, Eduardo D\'Angelo, Enrique Almada, Andrés Redondo, Henny Trayles and Raimundo Soto, among others.
As an actor, Carámbula was an important member of several comedies on films, theatres and TV programs, and the TV series *Son amores*. He was also hired as TV host of other programs, both in Argentina and Uruguay. As a musician, he recorded in 1976 el the LP *Solo de Guitarra*, his only production as a classical guitar soloist.
In 1988, Carámbula was awarded with the Martín Fierro Award as the best TV host for his work in *Atrévase a Soñar* (Dare to Dream).
In 2004, he was diagnosed Parkinson\'s disease, what caused him to be out of TV and theatre for four years.
On 28 November 2008, the Departmental Board of Canelones rendered a homage to Carámbula declaring him illustrious citizen of the departamento.
Carámbula died on November 14, 2015, aged 70, in Buenos Aires, after a long battle with his illness.
## Filmography
- *Joven viuda y estanciera* (1970)
- *Los irrompibles* (1975)
- *La noche del hurto* (1976)
- *Donde duermen dos\..
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# Caspase 4
**Caspase 4** is an enzyme that proteolytically cleaves other proteins at an aspartic acid residue (LEVD-), and belongs to a family of cysteine proteases called caspases. The function of caspase 4 is not fully known, but it is believed to be an inflammatory caspase, along with caspase 1, caspase 5 (and the murine homolog caspase 11), with a role in the immune system.
The anti-inflammatory drug indoprofen is an inhibitor of the activity of the caspase-4 enzyme
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# Sandy Hollow–Gulgong railway line
The **Sandy Hollow--Gulgong railway line** is a railway line in eastern New South Wales, Australia. The line forms a cross country connection from the Main North line in the Upper Hunter region to the Gwabegar line in the Central West region. The line is approximately 125 km in length. From the Gwabegar line, trains can then ultimately reach the Main West line creating a circuitous bypass of Sydney for freight traffic heading between the west and north of New South Wales. The line was opened in 1985.
## History
The Sandy Hollow Line between Sandy Hollow, Gulgong and Maryvale (between Wellington and Dubbo), was originally surveyed in 1860 as a more easily graded crossing of the Great Dividing Range than the Blue Mountains line nearer to Sydney. It was not commenced, however, until 1937, when it began as an unemployment relief scheme of the NSW Government, achieving infamy for having no modern mechanical devices used on it, other than trucks carrying concrete for the 5 tunnels and bridge piers, all other work being done with picks, shovels, hand drills, horses and carts. Folk singer Duke Tritton wrote a poem *The Sandy Hollow Line* , which described the hardships of the unemployed workers on \"susso\" who worked on the line.
Construction continued through World War 2 at a desultory pace, held up by money, labour and especially steel shortages, only to be abandoned unfinished, approximately 92% complete, a few years later in 1951. The line crosses the Great Dividing Range by following the Goulburn River and Bylong Valleys from Sandy Hollow to Bylong, with a tunnel under Cox\'s Gap.
The Kerrabee Tunnel, No.1 of 3 in the Bylong range and 1 of 5 on the entire line, that was built under Cox\'s Gap between 1946 and 1949 was used for eastbound road traffic on the Bylong Valley Way until work recommenced in the early 1980s. It was used in 1978 in the filming of the opening scene for the television series Torque, hosted by Peter Wherrett. In that scene, a Bolwell Nagari driven by Wherrett approached as lights in the dark tunnel, then the camera drew back as the car drove out of the tunnel. The tunnel was also used in a scene in the Australian movie The Chain Reaction
The line was opened as a heavy-haul railway to the major coal mine at Ulan in 1982 and extended to Gulgong in 1985 to meet the line to Dunedoo and Dubbo. It is unlikely to be extended to Maryvale.
## Current status {#current_status}
Because of Coal from the Ulan Area is now the primary function of this line, Australian Rail Track Corporation (ARTC) refer to the line as *the Ulan line* all the way from Muswellbrook to Gulgong. Coal from the Ulan, Moolarben, Wilpinjong @ the Western Ulan End and Mangoola (Anvil Hill), Mt Pleasant and Bengalla Mines close to Muswellbrook also use this line. In preparation for this, ARTC are upgrading the lines in the Muswellbrook yard and adding two more passing loops to the Ulan line in 2007. More Loops have been added since then as below. The line previously used outdated electric train staff (ETS) safeworking procedures in 5 sections over its length. This is being replaced with centralised traffic control (CTC) in 5 stages. The stages correspond to the 5 ETS sections, numbered from Muswellbrook to Gulgong. The 4th stage, to Ulan, was completed in May 2008. This extends CTC to the westernmost coal mine on the line, covering the majority of train movements on the line.
Progress at upgrading the signaling by ARTC was criticised as slow and causing bottlenecks. The upgrade was previously due to be completed at the end of 2007.
## Station layout {#station_layout}
Ulan has a balloon loop to terminate, load, and return the coal trains up to 1800m long. There is also a crossing loop 900m long. Unlike earlier plans, there are no sidings for general freight, nor any passenger platforms.
Wilpinjong, Moolarben, Mangoola (Anvil Hill), Mt Pleasant and Bengalla also have a balloon loops.
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# Sandy Hollow–Gulgong railway line
## Crossing loops {#crossing_loops}
As of December 2019, there are thirteen crossing loops
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# Chip Pashayan
**Charles Sahag \"Chip\" Pashayan Jr.** (born March 27, 1941) is an American lawyer and politician from California. He served as a Republican Congressman from the Fresno area in California\'s Central Valley from 1979 to 1991.
## Biography
Born in Fresno, Pashayan attended Bullard High School, graduated with a B.A. from Pomona College in 1963 and earned his J.D. from the University of California, Hastings College of the Law in 1968. He was admitted to the California bar in 1969 and to practice before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1977. He served in the United States Army at the rank of captain from 1968 to 1970. He was special assistant to the general counsel of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. He earned a B.Litt. from Oxford University in 1977.
Pashayan won his first term in 1978, when he upset two-term incumbent Democrat John Hans Krebs by a 54% to 46% margin. He introduced a House resolution recognizing Bobby Fischer as the official World Chess Champion, which passed in 1986. He represented his largely rural, conservative district until 1990, when he was defeated for reelection by Democrat Cal Dooley. He is of Armenian descent
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# Göscheneralpsee
\_\_NOTOC\_\_
**Göscheneralpsee** is a reservoir in the municipality of Göschenen, Canton of Uri, Switzerland. The volume of the reservoir is 76 e6m3 and its surface area 1.32 km2
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# Electoral district of Leichhardt, Queensland (New South Wales)
**Leichhardt** was an electoral district, located in the colony of New South Wales, Australia, and part of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly. The district was created for the July 1859 election, partly replacing the United Pastoral Districts of Moreton, Wide Bay, Burnett, Maranoa, Leichhardt and Port Curtis in the present day central Queensland. It included the towns of Rockhampton and Emerald, the pastoral districts around the Leichhardt River in the Gulf of Carpentaria region and Port Curtis (Gladstone). It was abolished in December 1859 as a result of the separation of Queensland.
The district is one of 4 seats named after Ludwig Leichhardt. The Legislative Assembly of Queensland was established in 1860 and the central Queensland area continued to be part of a district named Leichhardt, until that district was abolished in 1932. New South Wales created the Electoral district of Leichhardt, based on the eponymous suburb in Sydney. The division of Leichhardt, a seat in the Australian House of Representatives was created in 1949
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# Organic Soul
***Organic Soul*** is the debut solo album by Kottonmouth Kings\' frontman Daddy X. It was released on August 24, 2004, via Suburban Noize Records. The nineteen-track record featured guest appearances from Smokin Scotty Dread, E-Mann, Dogboy, and Sky Blue. As of September 11, 2004 the album made it to #18 on the *Billboard* Top Internet albums
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# Céu
**Maria do Céu Whitaker Poças** (born 17 April 1980), known professionally by the mononym **Céu** (`{{IPA|pt|sɛw}}`{=mediawiki}), is a Brazilian singer-songwriter whose first American album was released on the Six Degrees Records label in April 2007.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Céu was born in São Paulo, Brazil, to a musical family. Her father was a composer, arranger, and musicologist. It was from her father that she learned to appreciate Brazil\'s classical music composers, particularly Heitor Villa-Lobos, Ernesto Nazaré, and Orlando Silva.
At fifteen, she decided to become a musician and by her late teens, she studied music theory, as well as the *violão* (a nylon-stringed Brazilian guitar). Her songs reveal many influences, which include samba, s*alsa*, choro, soul, rhythm and blues, hip hop, afrobeat, and electrojazz music. She cites as influences the music of African-Americans Billie Holiday, Ella Fitzgerald, Lauryn Hill, Erykah Badu, and Jorge Ben.
Céu was performing onstage and exploring the repertoire of turn-of-the-century carnival music by her late teens. Soon after that, she relocated temporarily to New York City, where met with fellow Brazilian musician Antônio Pinto, whom she later learned was a distant cousin. Their relationship renewed when he teamed up with lead producer Beto Villares, composer of the musical score for the movie *O Ano em Que Meus Pais Saíram de Férias* (2007), to help her record her album. Antonio Pinto, who produced Céu\'s song \"Ave Cruz\", is the composer of the musical score for two Oscar-nominated films, *Central Station* (1999) and *City of God* (2002).
## Career
Originally issued in 2005 on the São Paulo-based Urban Jungle, her self-titled debut album Céu was picked up by Six Degrees/Starbucks/Hear Music in the US and UK, JVC in Japan and Harmonia Mundi in France and in the Netherlands. For this album, Céu received a Latin Grammy nomination for \"Best New Artist\" in 2006 and a Grammy nomination for Best Contemporary World Music Album in 2008.
Céu performed at the opening ceremony of the 2007 Pan American Games.
In 2008, Céu formed the São Paulo collective *Sonantes* with Brazilian musicians and producers Rica Amabis, Gui Amabis, Pupillo, and Dengue. The song \"Malemolência\" was featured in the soccer game by EA Sports, *FIFA 08*.
In 2009, her critically acclaimed second album *Vagarosa* reached No. 2 on the US Billboard\'s World Music charts. The album was nominated for a 2010 Latin Grammy Award for Best Brazilian Contemporary Pop Album.
In 2010, Céu was invited by Herbie Hancock to record a version of \"Tempo de Amor\" for *The Imagine Project* album. Céu also performed at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in 2010.
In 2011, she contributed a version of the track \"It\'s a Long Way\" in collaboration with Apollo Nove and N.A.S.A. for the Red Hot Organization\'s most recent charitable album *Red Hot + Rio 2*. The album is a follow-up to the 1996 *Red Hot + Rio*. In 2012, Céu received her third Latin Grammy nomination for \"Best Contemporary Brazilian Pop Album\" for her third album *Caravana Sereia Bloom*.
Between 2013 and 2014 Céu performed a series of concerts in Brazil to celebrate the 40th Anniversary of the release of Bob Marley and the Wailers\' legendary album *Catch a Fire*.
In 2014, she released her first live DVD/CD entitled *Céu -- Ao Vivo* in Brazil. The concert was filmed in August 2014 in São Paulo and contains 15 tracks in total, including the never before released cover versions of all-time classics \"Piel Canela\" and \"Mais Uma Noite de Amor\", behind-the-scenes footage of the band, and more. *Céu -- Ao Vivo* also includes live versions of Céu\'s greatest hits, \"Lenda\", \"Malemolência\", \"10 Contados\", \"Cangote\" and \"Baile de Ilusão\".
In 2016, she released her fourth studio album named Tropix. She received critical acclaim from such publications as The Guardian and The New York Times. She also won, in the same year, her first Latin Grammy in the Best Portuguese Language Contemporary Pop Album category.
Her album *APKÁ* was considered one of the 25 best Brazilian albums of the second half of 2019 by the São Paulo Association of Art Critics.
Starbucks has promoted her album in its coffeehouses through its Hear Music Debut CD series. She was the first international artist chosen by Starbucks for promotion.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
*Céu* (*céu*) means \"sky\" and \"heaven\" in Portuguese.
She is the second cousin of Maria Casadevall.
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# Céu
## Discography
- *Céu* (2005)
- *Remixed EP* (2007)
- *Vagarosa* (2009)
- *Caravana Sereia Bloom* (2012)
- *Céu -- Ao Vivo* (2014)
- *Tropix* (2016)
- *Apká!* (2019)
- *Um Gosto de Sol* (2021)
- *Novela* (2024)
## Awards and nominations {#awards_and_nominations}
Year Awards Category Recipient Outcome Ref
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# Amari Masatada
was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period of Feudal Japan. The son and successor of Amari Torayasu, he was a senior retainer of the Takeda clan of Kai Province, and ranked among Takeda Shingen\'s \'Twenty-four Generals\'. Masatada also served as one of Shingen\'s personal attendants. During Shingen\'s campaign in Shinano Province, Masatada served with distinction at the Battle of Kawanakajima in 1561. Masatada later fought at the Battle of Mikatagahara as a senior Takeda officer. By the year of 1563 Masatada went on to fight at the Battle of Usuigatoge and Musashi Matsuyama, but was killed a year later in what would be defined as rare for any standard samurai: a horse riding accident. There is one incident which gave Masatada a stronger name for himself despite being rather eccentric in nature: when Masatada had confronted one of his wounded retainers who suffered from physical bleeding that would not cease flowing, he advised him to drink horse feces and water to support the clotting of his blood --- considered among Japanese culture as a folklore. The man was expectingly hesitant in doing so, but when Masatada himself consumed some of the concoction, he was encouraged to follow suit and reportedly recovered
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# The Honest Man's Fortune
***The Honest Man\'s Fortune*** is a Jacobean era stage play, a tragicomedy written by Nathan Field, John Fletcher, and Philip Massinger. It was apparently the earliest of the works produced by this trio of writers, the others being *The Queen of Corinth* and *The Knight of Malta.*
## Texts
*The Honest Man\'s Fortune* exists in two versions. The play received its initial publication in the first Beaumont and Fletcher folio in 1647; it also survives in a manuscript dated 1613, identified as *MS. Dyce 9* in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. The MS. differs in some particulars from the printed text, most notably in its omission of Act V, scene iii and its alternate ending to the play\'s final scene.
The manuscript was produced by Edward Knight, the \"book-keeper\" or prompter of the King\'s Men. The last page of the manuscript contains permission for performance from Sir Henry Herbert, the Master of the Revels, dated 8 February 1624 (or 1625, new style), a license confirmed in Herbert\'s own records. The play had passed into the possession of the King\'s Men as had several other plays from the Lady Elizabeth\'s company, along with key members (Field, Taylor, Benfield, Ecclestone). The King\'s Men\'s manuscript of 1624/5 was probably prepared for use as a prompt book for an intended revival, the original prompt book having been lost. Knight\'s MS. was likely made from the three authors\' \"foul papers\" or working draft.
Knight\'s manuscript \"corrects some slips made in the 1647 Folio version, simplifies the language, makes a number of cuts, some of them probably by Herbert as censor, omits one scene from the last act and alters the conclusion.\"
## Date and performance {#date_and_performance}
The play\'s text in the second Beaumont and Fletcher folio of 1679 is prefaced by a cast list for the original production, which cites Nathan Field, Joseph Taylor, Robert Benfield, William Ecclestone, Emanuel Read, and Thomas Basse. This combination of personnel indicates that the play was premiered by the Lady Elizabeth\'s Men at the Whitefriars Theatre in the 1612--13 period. The production must have occurred before Ecclestone\'s departure from that company in 1613, which is consistent with the date on the manuscript.
## Authorship
Nineteenth-century scholars recognised that the play had multiple authors, based on its profile of internal evidence; critics beginning with F. G. Fleay proposed several potential authors working in combination, including Fletcher, Massinger, Field, Robert Daborne, Cyril Tourneur, and John Webster. Cyrus Hoy, in his wide-ranging study of authorship shares in the Fletcher canon, argued that both the printed and manuscript texts reveal the hands of Fletcher, Massinger, and Field. Hoy determined that the play is \"very largely\" the work of Field, but also that the collaboration among the writers is close and complex and cannot fully be split among the scenes of the play. Insofar as an Act/scene division is possible and meaningful, Hoy offered this assignment:
: Field -- Acts I and II; Act III, scenes 1b (after Montague\'s entrance) and 2; Act IV;
: Field and Fletcher -- Act V, scenes 1 and 4;
: Field and Massinger -- Act III, scene 3;
: Fletcher -- Act V, scenes 2 and 3;
: Massinger -- Act III, scene 1a (to Montague\'s entrance).
## Scholarship and criticism {#scholarship_and_criticism}
In 1952 Johan Gerritsen published a critical edition specifically of the manuscript version of the play, covering essential aspects of the subject. (Gerritsen assigned the play to Field, Fletcher, and Tourneur.) More recently, the play has attracted critical attention for its treatment of sexual themes, what one commentator has called \"the faithful page/loving heroine/boy player/catamite nexus.\"
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# The Honest Man's Fortune
## Synopsis
The play\'s plot turns on a conflict among three French noblemen. The Duke of Orleans is a rich and powerful aristocrat, arrogant and ruthless, \"a spleenful detracting Lord.\" He resents Montague because Montague had courted his Duchess before the Duke married her; and the Duke has chosen to vent his spleen by suing for control of the lands that provide Montague his income. The Duke\'s suit has no true merit; but he has the wealth and influence to \"corrupt a jury, and make a judge afraid\" -- and through \"false witnesses\" and perjured testimony he wins the lawsuit. Montague, suddenly in deep financial trouble, has to dismiss his retainers, including his loyal page Veramour. The intensity of Veramour\'s attachment to Montague has an almost erotic quality to it, a fact noted by several characters in the play. The page remains devoted to his old master even after Montague has placed Veramour in the household of Lamira, a wealthy, single, and much sought-after young lady.
Orleans turns his malice toward his wife as well, accusing her of infidelity with Montague. This provokes Lord Amiens, the Duchess\'s brother; the two men quarrel, and are about to duel when the Duchess breaks in upon them and confesses that her husband\'s accusation is true. Amiens then goes in search of Montague, to fight him over the dishonor to his family -- but the Duchess follows, and protests that her first admission was a falsehood, told to stop the duel. Once Amiens withdraws, Montague and the Duchess are left alone, and their conversation reveals that their former courtship was chaste and honourable. (Montague makes a sexual advance to her, only to express his satisfaction when it is rejected -- one of those \"chastity tests\" that are such a striking feature of the plays of the era, especially those of Fletcher.)
Two of Montague\'s cashiered followers are gentlemen named Longaville and Duboys. They decide to seek employment by staging a fake quarrel over the affair between Orleans and Amiens, in the hope that this will win them places as the noblemen\'s retainers. Both Orleans and Amiens hear about the matter; the ruthless Orleans is quick to take Duboys into his service, and instructs him to murder Montague. Amiens reacts oppositely, resentful that his affairs are being bandied about by ruffians in the street; but once he meets Longaville and judges him worthy of patronage, Amiens takes the man into his service as well.
Montague tries to recoup his fortunes by investing his last 500 crowns. But he has the bad luck to fall in with disreputable associates: a merchant named Mallicorn, the \"knavish Courtier\" Laverdine, and an unemployed sea captain called La-Poope. Mallicorn takes Montague\'s money, then arranges to have him arrested for some small debts. As Montague is being led away to debtors\' prison by officers and creditors, Duboys arrives, ostensibly to fulfill Orleans\' order of murder; but Duboys arranges the confrontation so that Montague can grab his sword. Montague fights his way free, though he kills an officer in doing so; he escapes, wounded.
The scene shifts to the garden of Lamira\'s country estate, where Veramour the page has entered service. The Duchess of Orleans is present too, having found sanctuary with Lamira when her husband drove her out of his house. They are enjoying the quiet scene, and commenting on their pleasant seclusion from the corrupt city -- when the wounded Montague bursts in upon them. Lamira provides him shelter and aid, and Montague, having no other present recourse, enters into her service.
Soon, Laverdine, Mallicorn, and La-Poope arrive to pay court to Lamira; they meet and mock Montague for his decline in status. Laverdine, though a suitor to Lamira, is strongly attracted to Veramour, and convinces himself that the page is actually a woman in disguise. He propositions the page sexually, though Veramour tells Laverdine that he would \"rather lie with my lady\'s monkey.\"
Amiens employs Longaville to deliver a challenge to Orleans; after doing so, however, Logaville goes to Lamira\'s house to inform the Duchess. She, Lamira, and Montague arrive at the intended duel\'s location to try to stop it. In the confusion, Longaville discharges a pistol and the shot seems to strike the Duchess; she falls. Orleans, thinking that his wife has been killed, is shocked out of his pose of arrogant self-importance. It turns out that the Duchess has only fainted; Longaville had charged his pistol with gunpowder but no lead ball, hoping to frighten Orleans into abandoning the duel with Amiens.
The abortive duel and Orleans\' change of heart provide the resolution of the plot. Lamira holds a banquet at which she announces that she will choose a husband from among her suitors. To the surprise and displeasure of Mallicorn, La-Poope, and Laverdine, she selects Montague, who reproves the other three for their presumption in seeking the hand of a lady so far above them. The now-repentant Orleans decides to restore Montague\'s rightful estates to him. With Montague\'s fortunes restored, Duboys and Longaville can be his retainers once again. (The dead officer is conveniently forgotten.) Laverdine attempts to recover from Lamira\'s rejection by revealing that he has formed an alliance with Veramour, who appears in a woman\'s gown; but it quickly transpires that Veramour is playing a joke on the courtier -- he wears his boy\'s \"breeches\" underneath the gown, and reveals the truth to Laverdine\'s humiliation
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# Joseph Johnson (publisher)
**Joseph Johnson** (15 November 1738 -- 20 December 1809) was an influential 18th-century London bookseller and publisher. His publications covered a wide variety of genres and a broad spectrum of opinions on important issues. Johnson is best known for publishing the works of radical thinkers such as Mary Wollstonecraft, William Godwin, Thomas Malthus, Erasmus Darwin and Joel Barlow, feminist economist Priscilla Wakefield, as well as religious Dissenters such as Joseph Priestley, Anna Laetitia Barbauld, Gilbert Wakefield, and George Walker.
In the 1760s, Johnson established his publishing business, which focused primarily on religious works. He also became friends with Priestley and the artist Henry Fuseli -- two relationships that lasted his entire life and brought him much business. In the 1770s and 1780s, Johnson expanded his business, publishing important works in medicine and children\'s literature as well as the popular poetry of William Cowper and Erasmus Darwin. Throughout his career, Johnson helped shape the thought of his era not only through his publications, but also through his support of innovative writers and thinkers. He fostered the open discussion of new ideas, particularly at his famous weekly dinners, the regular attendees of which became known as the \"Johnson Circle\".
In the 1790s, Johnson aligned himself with the supporters of the French Revolution, and published an increasing number of political pamphlets in addition to a prominent journal, the *Analytical Review*, which offered British reformers a voice in the public sphere. In 1799, he was indicted on charges of seditious libel for publishing a pamphlet by the Unitarian minister Gilbert Wakefield. After spending six months in prison, albeit under relatively comfortable conditions, Johnson published fewer political works. In the last decade of his career, Johnson did not seek out many new writers; however, he remained successful by publishing the collected works of authors such as William Shakespeare.
Johnson\'s friend John Aikin eulogized him as \"the father of the booktrade\". He has also been called \"the most important publisher in England from 1770 until 1810\" for his appreciation and promotion of young writers, his emphasis on publishing inexpensive works directed at a growing middle-class readership, and his cultivation and advocacy of women writers at a time when they were viewed with skepticism.
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# Joseph Johnson (publisher)
## Early life {#early_life}
Johnson was the second son of John Johnson, a Baptist yeoman who lived in Everton, Liverpool, and his wife Rebecca Turner. Religious Dissent marked Johnson from the beginning of his life, as two of his mother\'s relatives were prominent Baptist ministers and his father was a deacon. Liverpool, at the time of Johnson\'s youth, was fast becoming a bustling urban centre and was one of the most important commercial ports in England. These two characteristics of his home -- Dissent and commercialism -- remained central elements in Johnson\'s character throughout his life.
At the age of fifteen, Johnson was apprenticed to George Keith, a London bookseller who specialized in publishing religious tracts such as *Reflections on the Modern but Unchristian Practice of Innoculation*. As Gerald Tyson, Johnson\'s major modern biographer, explains, it was unusual for the younger son of a family living in relative obscurity to move to London and to become a bookseller. Scholars have speculated that Johnson was indentured to Keith because the bookseller was associated with Liverpool Baptists. Keith and Johnson published several works together later in their careers, which suggests that the two remained on friendly terms after Johnson started his own business.
### 1760s: Beginnings in publishing {#s_beginnings_in_publishing}
Upon completing his apprenticeship in 1761, Johnson opened his own business, but he struggled to establish himself, moving his shop several times within one year. Two of his early publications were a kind of day planner: *The Complete Pocket-Book; Or, Gentleman and Tradesman\'s Daily Journal for the Year of Our Lord, 1763* and *The Ladies New and Polite Pocket Memorandum Book*. Such pocketbooks were popular and Johnson outsold his rivals by publishing his both earlier and cheaper. Johnson continued to sell these profitable books until the end of the 1790s, but as a religious Dissenter, he was primarily interested in publishing books that would improve society. Therefore, religious texts dominated his book list, although he also published works relating to Liverpool (his home town) and medicine. However, as a publisher Johnson attended to more than the selling and distributing of books, as scholar Leslie Chard explains: `{{quote|text=Besides the actual selling of books to the public, the bookseller saw to their publication, arrangements with printers, with advertisers, with other booksellers in the city, the provinces, and even foreign countries, in short to their distribution. He also sold, incongruously but typically, [[patent medicine]]. But what probably most occupied his time was the welfare of his authors: at the most he fed and housed them, but at the least he served as banker, postal clerk and packager, literary agent and editor, social chairman, and psychiatrist.<ref>Qtd. in Chard (1977), 141.</ref>}}`{=mediawiki} As Johnson became successful and his reputation grew, other publishers began including him in congers -- syndicates that spread the risk of publishing a costly or inflammatory book among several firms.
#### Formative friendships {#formative_friendships}
In his late twenties, Johnson formed two friendships that were to shape the rest of his life. The first was with the painter and writer Henry Fuseli, who was described as \"quick witted and pugnacious\". Fuseli\'s early 19th-century biographer writes that when Fuseli met Johnson in 1764, Johnson \"had already acquired the character which he retained during life, -- that of a man of great integrity, and encourager of literary men as far as his means extended, and an excellent judge of their productions\". Fuseli became and remained Johnson\'s closest friend. The second and possibly more consequential friendship was with Joseph Priestley, the renowned natural philosopher and Unitarian theologian. This friendship led Johnson to discard the Baptist faith of his youth and to adopt Unitarianism, as well as to pursue forms of political dissent. Johnson\'s success as a publisher can be explained in large part through his association with Priestley, as Priestley published dozens of books with him and introduced him to many other Dissenting writers. Through Priestley\'s recommendation, Johnson was able to issue the works of many Dissenters, especially those from Warrington Academy: the poet, essayist, and children\'s author Anna Laetitia Barbauld; her brother, the physician and writer, John Aikin; the naturalist Johann Reinhold Forster; the Unitarian minister and controversialist Gilbert Wakefield; the moralist William Enfield; and the political economist Thomas Malthus. Tyson writes that \"the relationship between the Academy and the bookseller was mutually very useful. Not only did many of the tutors send occasional manuscripts for publication, but also former pupils often sought him out in later years to issue their works.\" By printing the works of Priestley and other of the Warrington tutors, Johnson also made himself known to an even larger network of Dissenting intellectuals, including those in the Lunar Society, which expanded his business further. Priestley, in turn, trusted Johnson enough to handle the logistics of his induction into the Royal Society.
#### Partnerships
In July 1765, Johnson moved his business to the more visible 8 Paternoster Row and formed a partnership with B. Davenport, of whom little is known aside from his association with Johnson. Chard postulates that they were attracted by mutual beliefs because the firm of Johnson and Davenport published even more religious works, including many that were \"rigidly Calvinistic\". However, in the summer of 1767, Davenport and Johnson parted ways; scholars have speculated that this rupture occurred because Johnson\'s religious views were becoming more unorthodox.
Newly independent, with a solid reputation, Johnson did not need to struggle to establish himself as he had early in his career. Within a year, he published nine first editions himself as well as thirty-two works in partnership with other booksellers. He was also a part of \"the select circle of bookmen that gathered at the Chapter Coffee House\", which was the centre of social and commercial life for publishers and booksellers in 18th-century London. Major publishing ventures had started at the Chapter and important writers \"clubbed\" there.
In 1768 Johnson went into partnership with John Payne (Johnson was probably the senior partner); the following year they published 50 titles. Under Johnson and Payne, the firm published a wider array of works than under Johnson and Davenport. Although Johnson looked to his business interests, he did not publish works only to enrich himself. Projects that encouraged free discussion appealed to Johnson; for example, he helped Priestley publish the *Theological Repository*, a financial failure that nevertheless fostered open debate of theological questions. Although the journal lost Johnson money in the 1770s, he was willing to begin publishing it again in 1785 because he endorsed its values.
The late 1760s was a time of growing radicalism in Britain, and although Johnson did not participate actively in the events, he facilitated the speech of those who did, e.g., by publishing works on the disputed election of John Wilkes and the American Revolution. Despite his growing interest in politics, Johnson (with Payne) still published primarily religious works and the occasional travel narrative. As Tyson writes, \"in the first decade of his career Johnson\'s significance as a bookseller derived from a desire to provide dissent (religious and political) a forum\".
#### Fire
Johnson was on the verge of real success when his shop was ravaged by fire on 9 January 1770. As one London newspaper reported it: `{{quote|text=
Yesterday morning, between six and seven o'clock a fire broke out at Messrs. Johnson and Payne's, Booksellers, in Paternoster Row, which consumed that house, Mr. Cock's, Printer, and Mr. Upton's, an Auctioneer ... in which last mentioned house was kept the whole stock of Bibles, Common Prayers, Etc. belonging to the Proprietors of the Oxford Press ... It was a considerable time before the engines could be brought to play to any purpose, on account their being clogged by ice and snow. The several families were all in bed when the fire was first discovered, and Mr. Johnson had but just time to alarm his partner and the rest of the family, and they escaped, saving only some of their books of account, the whole stock in trade and furniture being destroyed.<ref>Qtd. in Tyson, 31–32.</ref>
}}`{=mediawiki} At the time Fuseli had been living with Johnson and he also lost all of his possessions, including the first printing of his *Remarks on the Writings and Conduct of J. J. Rousseau*. Johnson and Payne subsequently dissolved their partnership. It was an amicable separation, and Johnson even published some of Payne\'s works in later years.
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# Joseph Johnson (publisher)
## 1770s: Establishment {#s_establishment}
By August 1770, just seven months after fire had destroyed his shop and goods, Johnson had re-established himself at 72 St. Paul\'s Churchyard -- the largest shop on a street of booksellers -- where he was to remain for the rest of his life. How Johnson managed this feat is unclear; he later cryptically told a friend that \"his friends came about him, and set him up again\". An early 19th-century biography states that \"Mr. Johnson was now so well known, and had been so highly respected, that on this unfortunate occasion, his friends with one accord met, and contributed to enable him to begin business again\". Chard speculates that Priestley assisted him since they were such close friends.
### Religious publications and advocacy of Unitarianism {#religious_publications_and_advocacy_of_unitarianism}
Immediately upon reopening his business, Johnson started publishing theological and political works by Priestley and other Dissenters. Starting in the 1770s, Johnson published more specifically Unitarian works, as well as texts advocating religious toleration; he also became personally involved in the Unitarian cause. He served as a conduit for information between Dissenters across the country and supplied provincial publishers with religious publications, thereby enabling Dissenters to spread their beliefs easily. Johnson participated in efforts to repeal the Test and Corporation Acts, which restricted the civil rights of Dissenters. In one six-year period of the 1770s, Johnson was responsible for publishing nearly one-third of the Unitarian works on the issue. He continued his support in 1787, 1789, and 1790, when Dissenters introduced repeal bills in Parliament, and he published much of the pro-repeal literature written by Priestley and others.
Johnson was also instrumental in Theophilus Lindsey\'s founding of the first Unitarian chapel in London. With some difficulty, as Unitarians were feared at that time and their beliefs held illegal until the Doctrine of the Trinity Act 1813, Johnson obtained the building for Essex Street Chapel and, with the help of barrister John Lee, who later became Attorney-General, its licence. To capitalize on the opening of the new chapel in addition to helping out his friends, Johnson published Lindsey\'s inaugural sermon, which sold out in four days. Johnson continued to attend and participate actively in this congregation throughout his life. Lindsey and the church\'s other minister, John Disney, became two of Johnson\'s most active writers. In the 1780s, Johnson continued to advocate Unitarianism and published a series of controversial writings by Priestley arguing for its legitimacy. These writings did not make Johnson much money, but they agreed with his philosophy of open debate and religious toleration. Johnson also became the publisher for the Society for Promoting the Knowledge of the Scriptures, a Unitarian group determined to release new worship materials and commentaries on the Bible. (See British and Foreign Unitarian Association#Publishing.)
Although Johnson is known for publishing Unitarian works, particularly those of Priestley, he also published the works of other Dissenters, Anglicans, and Jews. The common thread uniting his disparate religious publications was religious toleration. For example, he published the Reverend George Gregory\'s 1787 English translation of Bishop Robert Lowth\'s seminal book on Hebrew poetry, *De Sacra Poesi Hebraeorum*. Gregory published several other works with Johnson, such as *Essays Historical and Moral* (1785) and *Sermons with Thoughts on the Composition and Delivery of a Sermon* (1787). Gregory exemplified the type of author that Johnson preferred to work with: industrious and liberal-minded, but not bent on self-glorification. Yet, as Helen Braithwaite writes in her study of Johnson, his \"enlightened pluralistic approach was also seen by its opponents as inherently permissive, opening the door to all forms of unhealthy questioning and scepticism, and at odds with the stable virtues of established religion and authority\".
### American Revolution {#american_revolution}
Partially as a result of his association with British Dissenters, Johnson became involved in publishing tracts and sermons in defence of the American revolutionaries. He began with Priestley\'s *Address to Protestant Dissenters of All Denominations, on the Approaching Election of Members of Parliament* (1774), which urged Dissenters to vote for candidates that guaranteed the American colonists their freedom. Johnson continued his series of anti-government, pro-American pamphlets by publishing Fast Day sermons by Joshua Toulmin, George Walker, Ebenezer Radcliff, and Newcome Cappe. Braithwaite describes these as \"well-articulated critiques of government\" that \"were not only unusual but potentially subversive and disruptive\", and she concludes that Johnson\'s decision to publish so much of this material indicates that he supported the political position it espoused. Moreover, Johnson published what Braithwaite calls \"probably the most influential English defence of the colonists\", Richard Price\'s *Observations on the Nature of Civil Liberty* (1776). Over 60,000 copies were sold in a year. In 1780 Johnson also issued the first collected political works of Benjamin Franklin in England, a political risk as the American colonies were in rebellion by that time. Johnson did not usually reprint colonial texts -- his ties to the revolution were primarily through Dissenters. Thus, the works published by Johnson emphasized both colonial independence and the rights for which Dissenters were fighting -- \"the right to petition for redress of grievance, the maintenance and protection of equal civil rights, and the inalienable right to liberty of conscience\".
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# Joseph Johnson (publisher)
## 1770s: Establishment {#s_establishment}
### Informative texts {#informative_texts}
After 1770, Johnson began to publish a wider array of books, particularly scientific and medical texts. One of the most important was John Hunter\'s *A Natural History of the Human Teeth, Part I* (1771), which \"elevated dentistry to the level of surgery\". Johnson also supported doctors when they questioned the efficacy of cures, such as with John Millar in his *Observations on Antimony* (1774), which claimed that Dr James\'s Fever Powder was ineffective. This was a risky publication for Johnson, because this patent medicine was quite popular and his fellow bookseller John Newbery had made his fortune from selling it.
In 1777 Johnson published the remarkable`{{says who|date=March 2021}}`{=mediawiki} *Laws Respecting Women, as they Regard Their Natural Rights*, which is an explication, for the layperson, of exactly what its title suggests. As Tyson comments, \"the ultimate value of this book lies in its arming women with the knowledge of their legal rights in situations where they had traditionally been vulnerable because of ignorance\". Johnson published *Laws Respecting Women* anonymously, but it is sometimes credited to Elizabeth Chudleigh Bristol, known for her bigamous marriage to the 2nd Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull after having previously privately married Augustus John Hervey, afterwards 3rd Earl of Bristol. This publication foreshadowed Johnson\'s efforts to promote works about women\'s issues -- such as *A Vindication of the Rights of Woman* (1792) -- and his support of women writers.
#### Revolution in children\'s literature {#revolution_in_childrens_literature}
Johnson also contributed significantly to children\'s literature. His publication of Barbauld\'s *Lessons for Children* (1778--79) spawned a revolution in the newly emerging genre. Its plain style, mother-child dialogues, and conversational tone inspired a generation of authors, such as Sarah Trimmer. Johnson encouraged other women to write in this genre, such as Charlotte Smith, but his recommendation always came with a caveat of how difficult it was to write well for children. For example, he wrote to Smith, \"perhaps you cannot employ your time and extraordinary talents more usefully for the public & your self `{{sic}}`{=mediawiki}, than in composing books for children and young people, but I am very sensible it is extreamly `{{sic}}`{=mediawiki} difficult to acquire that simplicity of style which is their great recommendation\". He also advised William Godwin and his second wife, Mary Jane Clairmont, on the publication of their Juvenile Library (started in 1805). Not only did Johnson encourage the writing of British children\'s literature, but he also helped sponsor the translation and publication of popular French works such as Arnaud Berquin\'s *[L\'Ami des Enfans](https://web.archive.org/web/20110524091442/http://www.cts.dmu.ac.uk/AnaServer?hockliffe+11297+imageset.anv)* (1782--83).
In addition to books for children, Johnson published schoolbooks and textbooks for autodidacts, such as John Hewlett\'s *Introduction to Spelling and Reading* (1786), William Nicholson\'s *Introduction to Natural Philosophy* (1782), and his friend John Bonnycastle\'s *An Introduction to Mensuration and Practical Mathematics* (1782). Johnson also published books on education and childrearing, such as Wollstonecraft\'s first book, *Thoughts on the Education of Daughters* (1787).
By the end of the 1770s, Johnson had become an established publisher. Writers -- particularly Dissenters -- sought him out, and his home started to become the centre of a radical and stimulating intellectual milieu. Because he was willing to publish multiple opinions on issues, he was respected as a publisher by writers from across the political spectrum. Johnson published many Unitarian works, but he also issued works criticizing them; although he was an abolitionist, he also published works arguing in favour of the slave trade; he supported inoculation, but he also published works critical of the practice.
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# Joseph Johnson (publisher)
## 1780s: Success {#s_success}
During the 1780s, Johnson achieved success: he did well financially, and his firm published more books with other firms. Although Johnson had begun his career as a relatively cautious publisher of religious and scientific tracts, he was now able to take more risks and he encouraged friends to recommend works to him, creating a network of informal reviewers. Yet Johnson\'s business was never large; he usually had only one assistant and never took on an apprentice. Only in the last years of his life did two relatives assist him.
### Literature
Once Johnson\'s financial situation had become secure, he began to publish literary authors, most famously the poet William Cowper. Johnson issued Cowper\'s *Poems* (1782) and *The Task* (1784) at his own expense (a generous action at a time when authors were often forced to take on the risk of publication) and was rewarded with handsome sales of both volumes. Johnson published many of Cowper\'s works, including the anonymous satire *Anti-thelyphora* (1780), which mocked the work of Cowper\'s own cousin, the Rev. Martin Madan, who had advocated polygamy as a solution for prostitution. Johnson even edited and critiqued Cowper\'s poetry in manuscript, \"much to the advantage of the poems\" according to Cowper. In 1791, Johnson published Cowper\'s translations of the Homeric epics (extensively edited and corrected by Fuseli) and three years after Cowper\'s death in 1800, Johnson published a biography of the poet by William Hayley.
Johnson never published much \"creative literature\"; Chard attributes this to \"a lingering Calvinistic hostility to \'imaginative\' literature\". Most of the literary works Johnson published were religious or didactic. Some of his most popular productions in this vein were anthologies; the most famous is probably William Enfield\'s *The Speaker* (1774), which went through multiple editions and spawned many imitations, such as Wollstonecraft\'s *The Female Speaker*.
### Medical and scientific publications {#medical_and_scientific_publications}
Johnson continued his interest in publishing practical medical texts in the 1780s and 1790s; during the 1780s, he brought out some of his most significant works in this area. According to Johnson\'s friend, the physician John Aikin, he intentionally established one of his first shops on \"the track of the Medical Students resorting to the Hospitals in the Borough\", where they would be sure to see his wares, which helped to establish him in medical publishing. Johnson published the works of the scientist-Dissenters he met through Priestley and Barbauld, such as Thomas Beddoes and Thomas Young. He issued the children\'s book on birds produced by the industrialist Samuel Galton and the Lunar Society\'s translation of Linnaeus\'s *System of Vegetables* (1783). He also published works by James Edward Smith, \"the botanist who brought the Linnaean system to England\".
In 1784, Johnson issued John Haygarth\'s *An Inquiry How to Prevent Small-Pox*, which furthered the understanding and treatment of smallpox. Johnson published several subsequent works by Haygarth that promoted inoculation (and later vaccination) for the healthy, as well as quarantining for the sick. He also published the work of James Earle, a prominent surgeon, whose significant book on lithotomy was illustrated by William Blake, and Matthew Baillie\'s *Morbid Anatomy* (1793), \"the first text of pathology devoted to that science exclusively by systematic arrangement and design\".
Not only did Johnson publish the majority of Priestley\'s theological works, but he also published his scientific works, such as *Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air* (1774--77) in which Priestley announced his discovery of oxygen. Johnson also published the works of Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Antoine Lavoisier, both of whom made their own claims of having discovered oxygen. When Lavoisier began to publish works in France on the \"new chemistry\" that he had developed (which included today\'s modern notions of element and compound), Johnson had these translated and printed immediately, despite his association with Priestley who argued strenuously against Lavoisier\'s new system. Johnson was the first to publish an English edition of Lavoisier\'s early writings on chemistry and he kept up with the ongoing debate. These works did well for Johnson and increased his visibility among men of science.
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# Joseph Johnson (publisher)
## 1780s: Success {#s_success}
### Johnson Circle and dinners {#johnson_circle_and_dinners}
With time, Johnson\'s home became a nexus for radical thinkers, who appreciated his open-mindedness, generous spirit, and humanitarianism. Although usually separated by geography, such thinkers would meet and debate with one another at Johnson\'s house in London, often over dinner. This network not only brought authors into contact with each other, it also brought new writers to Johnson\'s business. For example, Priestley introduced John Newton to Johnson, Newton brought John Hewlett, and Hewlett invited Mary Wollstonecraft, who in turn attracted Mary Hays who brought William Godwin. With this broad network of acquaintances and reputation for free-thinking publications, Johnson became the favourite publisher of a generation of writers and thinkers. By bringing inventive, thoughtful people together, he \"stood at the very heart of British intellectual life\" for over twenty years. Importantly, Johnson\'s circle was not made up entirely of either liberals or radicals. Chard emphasizes that it \"was held together less by political liberalism than by a common interest in ideas, free enquiry, and creative expression in various fields\". As Tyson notes, although \"Johnson\'s circle\" is usually used in the singular, there were at least two such \"circles\". The first was made up of a group of London associates: Fuseli, Gregory, Bonnycastle, and Geddes. The second consisted of Johnson\'s writers from farther afield, such as Priestley, Thomas Henry, Thomas Percival, Barbauld, Aikin, and Enfield. Later, more radicals would join, including Wollstonecraft, Wakefield, John Horne Tooke, and Thomas Christie.
Johnson\'s dinners became legendary and it appears, from evidence collected from diaries, that a large number of people attended each one. Although there were few regulars, except perhaps for Johnson\'s close London friends (Fuseli, Bonnycastle and, later, Godwin), the large number of high-profile guests, including Thomas Paine, attests to the reputation of these dinners. The enjoyment and intellectual stimulation that these dinners provided is evidenced by the numerous references to them in diaries and letters. Barbauld wrote to her brother in 1784 that \"our evenings, particularly at Johnson\'s, were so truly social and lively, that we protracted them sometimes till -- but I am not telling tales.\" At one dinner in 1791, Godwin records that the conversation focused on \"monarch, Tooke, \[Samuel\] Johnson, Voltaire, *pursuits*, and religion\" \[emphasis Godwin\'s\]. Although the conversation was stimulating, Johnson apparently only served his guests simple meals, such as boiled cod, veal, vegetables, and rice pudding. Many of the people that met at these dinners became fast friends, as did Fuseli and Bonnycastle; Godwin and Wollstonecraft eventually married.
### Friendship with Mary Wollstonecraft {#friendship_with_mary_wollstonecraft}
The friendship between Johnson and Mary Wollstonecraft was pivotal in both of their lives and illustrates the active role that Johnson played in developing writing talent. In 1787, Wollstonecraft was in financial straits: she had just been dismissed from a governess position in Ireland and had moved back to London. She had resolved to be an author in an era that afforded few professional opportunities to women. After Unitarian schoolteacher John Hewlett suggested to Wollstonecraft that she submit her writings to Johnson, an enduring and mutually supportive relationship blossomed between Johnson and Wollstonecraft. He dealt with her creditors, secured lodgings for her, and advanced payment on her first book, *Thoughts on the Education of Daughters* (1787), and her first novel, *Mary: A Fiction* (1788). Johnson included Wollstonecraft in the exalted company of his weekly *soirées*, where she met famous personages, such as Thomas Paine and her future husband, William Godwin. Wollstonecraft, who is believed to have written some 200 articles for his periodical, the *Analytical Review*, regarded Johnson as a true friend. After a disagreement, she sent him the following note the next morning:
> You made me very low-spirited last night, by your manner of talking -- You are my only friend -- the only person I am intimate with. -- I never had a father, or a brother -- you have been both to me, ever since I knew you -- yet I have sometimes been very petulant. -- I have been thinking of those instances of ill-humour and quickness, and they appeared like crimes. Yours sincerely, Mary.
Johnson offered Wollstonecraft work as a translator, prompting her to learn French and German. More importantly, Johnson provided encouragement at crucial moments during the writing of her seminal political treatises *A Vindication of the Rights of Men* (1790) and *A Vindication of the Rights of Woman* (1792).
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# Joseph Johnson (publisher)
## 1790s: Years of radicalism {#s_years_of_radicalism}
As radicalism took hold in Britain in the 1790s, Johnson became increasingly involved in its causes: he was a member of the Society for Constitutional Information, which was attempting to reform Parliament; he published works defending Dissenters after the religiously motivated Birmingham Riots in 1791; and he testified on behalf of those arrested during the 1794 Treason Trials. Johnson published works championing the rights of slaves, Jews, women, prisoners, Dissenters, chimney sweeps, abused animals, university students forbidden from marrying, victims of press gangs, and those unjustly accused of violating the game laws.
Political literature became Johnson\'s mainstay in the 1790s: he published 118 works, which amounted to 57% of his total political output. As Chard notes, \"hardly a year went by without at least one anti-war and one anti-slave trade publication from Johnson\". In particular, Johnson published abolitionist works, such as minister and former slave-ship captain John Newton\'s *Thoughts Upon the African Slave Trade* (1788), Barbauld\'s *Epistle to William Wilberforce* (1791), and Captain John Gabriel Stedman\'s *Narrative, of a Five Years\' Expedition, Against the Revolted Negroes of Surinam* (1796) (with illustrations by Blake). Most importantly he helped organize the publication of *The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano* (1789), the autobiography of former slave Olaudah Equiano.
Later in the decade, Johnson focused on works about the French Revolution, concentrating on those from France itself, but he also published commentary from America by Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe. Johnson\'s determination to publish political and revolutionary works, however, fractured his Circles: Dissenters were alienated from Anglicans during efforts to repeal the Test and Corporation Acts and moderates split from radicals during the French revolution. Johnson lost customers, friends, and writers, including the children\'s author Sarah Trimmer. Braithwaite speculates that Johnson also lost business due to his willingness to put out works that promoted the \"challenging new historicist versions of the scriptures\", such as those by Alexander Geddes.
Johnson refused to publish Paine\'s *Rights of Man* and William Blake\'s *The French Revolution*, for example. It is almost impossible to determine Johnson\'s own personal political beliefs from the historical record. Marilyn Gaull argues that \"if Johnson were radical, indeed if he had any political affiliation \... it was accidental\". Gaull describes Johnson\'s \"liberalism\" as that \"of \[a\] generous, open, fair-minded, unbiased defender of causes lost and won\". His real contribution, she contends, was \"as a disseminator of contemporary knowledge, especially science, medicine, and pedagogical practice\" and as an advocate for a popular style. He encouraged all of his writers to use \"plain syntax and colloquial diction\" so that \"self-educated readers\" could understand his publications. Johnson\'s association with writers such as Godwin has previously been used to emphasize his radicalism, but Braithwaite points out that Godwin only became a part of Johnson\'s Circle late in the 1790s; Johnson\'s closest friends -- Priestley, Fuseli, and Bonnycastle -- were much more politically moderate. Johnson was not a populist or democratic bookseller: he catered to the self-educating middle class.
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# Joseph Johnson (publisher)
## 1790s: Years of radicalism {#s_years_of_radicalism}
### Revolution controversy {#revolution_controversy}
In 1790, with the publication of his *Reflections on the Revolution in France*, philosopher and statesman Edmund Burke launched the first volley of a vicious pamphlet war in what became known as the Revolution Controversy. Because he had supported the American Revolution, friends and enemies alike expected him to support the French Revolution. His book, which decries the French Revolution, therefore came as a shock to nearly everyone. Priced at an expensive five shillings, it still sold over 10,000 copies in a few weeks. Reformers, particularly Dissenters, felt compelled to reply. Johnson\'s periodical, the *Analytical Review*, published a summary and review of Burke\'s work within a couple of weeks of its publication. Two weeks later, Wollstonecraft responded to Burke with her *Vindication of the Rights of Men*. In issuing one of the first and cheapest replies to Burke (*Vindication* cost only one shilling), Johnson put himself at some risk. Thomas Cooper, who had also written a response to Burke, was later informed by the Attorney General that \"although there was no exception to be taken to his pamphlet when in the hands of the upper classes, yet the government would not allow it to appear at a price which would insure its circulation among the people\". Many others soon joined in the fray and Johnson remained at the centre of the maelstrom. By Braithwaite\'s count, Johnson published or sold roughly a quarter of the works responding to Burke within the following year. The most notable of all of these responses was Thomas Paine\'s *Rights of Man*. Johnson originally agreed to publish the controversial work, but he backed out later for unknown reasons and J. S. Jordan distributed it (and was subsequently tried and imprisoned for its publication). Braithwaite speculates that Johnson did not agree with Paine\'s radical republican statements and was more interested in promoting the rights of Dissenters outlined in the other works he published. After the initial risk was taken by Jordan, however, Johnson published Paine\'s work in an expensive edition, which was unlikely to be challenged at law. Yet, when Paine was himself later arrested, Johnson helped raise funds to bail him out and hid him from the authorities. A contemporary satire suggested that Johnson saved Paine from imprisonment: `{{quote|text=
The time may come when J – n's aid may fail;<br />
Nor clubs combin'd preserve thee from a jail.<ref>Qtd. in Tyson, 128.</ref>
}}`{=mediawiki} Alarmed at the popular appeal of Paine\'s *Rights of Man*, the king issued a proclamation against seditious writings in May 1792. Booksellers and printers bore the brunt of this law, the effects of which came to a head in the 1794 Treason Trials. Johnson testified, publicly distancing himself from Paine and Barlow, despite the fact that the defendants were received sympathetically by the juries.
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# Joseph Johnson (publisher)
## 1790s: Years of radicalism {#s_years_of_radicalism}
### Poetry
During the 1790s alone, Johnson published 103 volumes of poetry -- 37% of his entire output in the genre. The bestselling poetical works of Cowper and Erasmus Darwin enriched Johnson\'s firm. Darwin\'s innovative *The Botanic Garden* (1791) was particularly successful: Johnson paid him 1,000 guineas before it was ever released and bought the copyright from him for £800, a staggeringly large sum. The poem contains three \"interludes\" in the form of dialogues between a poet and his bookseller. The bookseller asks the poet what Tyson calls \"leading questions\" in order to elucidate the poet\'s theory of poetry. Tyson comments \"that although the flat questions of the practical-minded bookseller may be meant to parody Johnson\'s manner, most likely Darwin did not have him or any other particular bookseller in mind\". After the success of *The Botanic Garden*, Johnson published Darwin\'s work on evolution, *Zoonomia* (1794--96); his treatise *A Plan on the Conduct of Female Education* (1797); *Phytologia; or, the Philosophy of Agriculture and Gardening* (1800); and his poem *The Temple of Nature* (1803). According to Braithwaite, *The Temple of Nature* was *Zoonomia* in verse and \"horrified reviewers with its warring, factious, overly materialistic view of the universe\". \[\[<File:BotanicGardenMeadia.jpg%7Cthumb%7Cright%7Calt=Flower> with five petals and large leaves\|Plate engraved by William Blake for Erasmus Darwin\'s *The Botanic Garden* (1791)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
MEADIA\'s soft chains *five* suppliant beaux confess,\
And hand in hand the laughing belle address;\
Alike to all, she bows with wanton air,\
Rolls her dark eye, and waves her golden hair. (I.61--64)\]\] Johnson continued to publish the poetic works of Aikin and Barbauld as well as those of George Dyer, Joseph Fawcett, James Hurdis, Joel Barlow, Ann Batten Cristall and Edward Williams. Most of the poets that Johnson promoted and published are not remembered today. However, in 1793, Johnson published William Wordsworth\'s *An Evening Walk* and *Descriptive Sketches*; he remained Wordsworth\'s publisher until a disagreement separated them in 1799. Johnson also put out Samuel Taylor Coleridge\'s *Fears of Solitude* (1798). They were apparently close enough friends for Coleridge to leave his books at Johnson\'s shop when he toured Europe.
Johnson had a working relationship with illustrator William Blake for nearly twenty years: Johnson commissioned around 100 engravings from Blake -- more than any other publisher -- including the second edition of Wollstonecraft\'s *Original Stories from Real Life* (1791) and Darwin\'s *Botanic Garden*. Johnson may also have had some connection with Blake as a writer, judging from galley proofs of his *French Revolution* (1791). Yet, in *An Island in the Moon*, Blake represents Johnson as \"a bookseller without aesthetic values whose repetitive questions reveal his ignorance\".
### Translations
As part of his endeavour to expose the public to more foreign-language works, Johnson facilitated the translation of educational texts, serious fiction, and philosophy (he was less interested in translating popular novels). In particular, he promoted the translation of the works of persecuted French Girondins, such as Condorcet\'s *Outlines of an Historical View of the Progress of the Human Mind* (1795) and Madame Roland\'s *An Appeal to Impartial Posterity* (1795), which he had released in English within weeks of its debut in France. His publication of a translation of Constanin Volney\'s deistic *Les Ruines, ou méditations sur les révolutions des empires* (1791) quickly became a bestseller. Johnson also had some of the most prominent French children\'s literature translated, such as the works of Madame de Genlis.
Johnson\'s most significant contribution in this area was his promotion of German-language literature. Fuseli encouraged him to publish translations of important new German authors, such as Goethe and Schiller. Johnson was one of the few British publishers arranging for the translation of German moral philosophy in the 1790s, and his most important translated publication was arguably Johann Herder\'s *Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte der Menschheit* (1776), which introduced many of the historical and anthropological methods of thought already present on the Continent to Britons. Instead of attempting to faithfully reproduce texts, almost all of Johnson\'s translators followed the 18th-century practice of freely adapting their texts, for example by substituting \"British\" counterparts of \"German\" examples.
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# Joseph Johnson (publisher)
## 1790s: Years of radicalism {#s_years_of_radicalism}
### *Analytical Review* and other periodicals {#analytical_review_and_other_periodicals}
Johnson\'s first periodicals, *Gospel Magazine* (1766--?), *The Universal Museum and Complete Magazine* (1765--1770), and *The Monthly Record of Literature* (1767), like many 18th-century journals, lasted only a short while, but his later attempts were much more successful. In 1783, he financed the first quarterly medical periodical in London, the *London Medical Journal*, founded by Samuel Foart Simmons, a prominent physician. Explaining the journal\'s goals, Simmons wrote that it would provide \"an account of new medical books and useful discoveries in physic, and at the same time be a repository for original essays\". The journal lasted until 1790 when it was replaced by another Johnson-Simmons venture, *Medical Facts and Observations*, which ran until 1797. In 1788, Johnson and Thomas Christie, a Unitarian, liberal, and classicist, founded the *Analytical Review*. It was a gadfly publication, which offered readers a summary and analysis of the flood of new publications issuing from the presses at the end of the 18th century and provided a forum for radical political and religious ideas. Although it aimed at impartiality, its articles were often critical of the Pitt administration and supportive of the French revolutionaries. Tyson calls it \"the most outspoken journal of its day\", but Chard argues that it was \"never particularly strident and certainly not radical\". It was also instrumental in promoting scientific, philosophical, and literary foreign-language publications, particularly those in German and French. Compared to Johnson\'s earlier periodicals, which were generally \"marginal sectarian efforts\", the *Analytical Review* was quite popular. At 1,500 copies per issue, it did not have the circulation of the *Gentleman\'s Magazine*, which averaged around 4,550, but it was influential despite its more limited readership. Its conservative counterpart and nemesis was the *Anti-Jacobin Review*, established specifically to counteract the effects of the *Analytical* and other radical media outlets. The *Analytical* was suspended at the end of 1798 following the deaths of Christie and Wollstonecraft in 1796 and 1797 respectively, and the retirement of other contributing editors.
In 1796 Johnson joined in a venture to start *The Monthly Magazine*. Founded by his neighbour Richard Phillips and edited by his friend John Aikin, it was associated with Dissenting interests and was responsible for importing much German philosophical thought into England. According to Marilyn Butler, it \"combined many of the best features of the periodicals of the century. It was a miscellany, but more intellectual and much more bookish than the \[*Gentleman\'s Magazine*\]; hospitable to readers, it nevertheless high-mindedly projected an ideal of liberal, middle-class intellectuality that anticipates both the innovative writing and projected readership\" of *Blackwood\'s* and *Fraser\'s*.
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# Joseph Johnson (publisher)
## 1790s: Years of radicalism {#s_years_of_radicalism}
### Changing political winds {#changing_political_winds}
With the beginning of the violence of the Reign of Terror (1793--94), those in Britain who had initially supported the French Revolution began to rethink their position and the government became increasingly concerned about the possibility of a British revolution akin to that of the French. The ardour of radicalism that had prevailed in the early 1790s dissipated. Booksellers were arrested and tried for seditious libel, and many of Johnson\'s authors either stopped writing or became more conservative. Only a few, like Paine, veered further left. After being forced to testify at the trial of Paine and Thomas Hardy, Johnson published fewer incendiary works, among them Joel Barlow\'s *Advice to the Privileged Orders* (1792). Braithwaite describes it as \"without doubt the most extreme that Joseph Johnson ever published (taking him immoderately close to what he later, jokingly, described as a \'hanging\' offence)\". However, once it became clear that Barlow, like Paine, was becoming radicalized, Johnson refused to publish any more of his works. In 1794 Johnson even considered emigrating to America with Priestley to escape the increasing pressure he felt from conservatives and the government.
#### 1798: Trial and imprisonment {#trial_and_imprisonment}
Following the publication of Paine\'s provocative *Rights of Man* in 1791, a sedition law was passed in Britain and, in 1798, Johnson and several others were put on trial for selling Gilbert Wakefield\'s *A Reply to Some Parts of the Bishop Llandaff\'s Address to the People of Great Britain*, a Unitarian work attacking the privileged position of the wealthy. The indictment against Johnson, written on a six-foot parchment roll, read in part: `{{quote|text=
The said Attorney General of our said Lord the King ... giveth the Court here further to understand and be informed that Joseph Johnson late of London bookseller being a malicious, seditious, and ill-disposed person and being greatly disaffected to our said sovereign Lord the King ... wickedly maliciously and seditiously did publish and cause to be published a certain scandalous malicious and seditious libel.<ref>Qtd. in Tyson, 134.</ref>
}}`{=mediawiki} Braithwaite explains, \"an English jury, in effect, was being asked to consider whether Joseph Johnson\'s intentions as a bookseller were really as dangerous and radical as those of Thomas Paine\". An issue of the *Analytical Review* was even offered as evidence against Johnson. Despite having retained Thomas Erskine as his lawyer, who had successfully defended Hardy and Horne Tooke at the 1794 Treason Trials, and character references from George Fordyce, Aikin, and Hewlett, Johnson was fined £50 and sentenced to six months imprisonment at King\'s Bench Prison in February 1799. Braithwaite speculates: `{{quote|text=
If the conduct of the Attorney-General and the ''Anti-Jacobin'' are to serve as any kind of barometer of government opinion, then other scores were clearly being settled and it was not merely for [Johnson's] involvement in the sale of Wakefield's pamphlet but his tenure ... as a stubbornly independent-minded publisher in St Paul's Churchyard, prominently serving the irreligious and unconstitutional interests of 'rational' dissent and dangerously sympathetic to the ideas of foreigners (most visibly through the pages of the ''Analytical'') that Joseph Johnson was ultimately being brought to book.<ref>Braithwaite, 162.</ref>
}}`{=mediawiki} Johnson\'s friends accused Erskine of using the trial as a political platform and not thinking of the best interests of his client. Johnson\'s imprisonment was not harsh; being relatively wealthy, Johnson rented a home for himself within the prison, where he continued to hold his weekly *soirées*.
Although Johnson still believed in the free exchange of ideas and was not embittered by his stay in prison, his publishing habits changed dramatically. After he was released, Johnson published very few political works and none were controversial. Other booksellers followed suit, and Johnson\'s friend, Unitarian minister Theophilus Lindsey, wrote that \"Johnson\'s fate deters them all\". Johnson lost authors after the trial and experienced a noticeable decline in business. Furthermore, he gained fewer new authors, his stalwarts like Priestley began to complain that he was not attending to their business, and he was forced to cease publishing the *Analytical Review*.
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# Joseph Johnson (publisher)
## 1800s: Declining years and death {#s_declining_years_and_death}
As publishing began to change its form in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, large publishing houses pushed out small, independent booksellers. Johnson did not attempt to form or join one of these new firms. In the late 1790s and early 19th century, Johnson\'s business declined, particularly as his relatives, John Miles and Roland Hunter, began to take over the daily operations; Miles was uninterested in the business, and Hunter did not have Johnson\'s commercial sense or his ability to choose successful manuscripts. In January 1806, Johnson\'s premises were wracked by a second fire, destroying the building and all of his stock.
Although not as active in routine business, Johnson still took an interest in political events. For example, he spearheaded the efforts of the booksellers of London and Westminster to appeal a new copyright law in 1808. Moreover, although Johnson did not publish controversial political works after his imprisonment, he still undertook important publishing ventures. For example, he administered the publication of a forty-five-volume work entitled *The British Essayists*, edited by Alexander Chalmers; the complete works of Samuel Johnson; and a ten-volume set of Shakespeare. Johnson published in more congers during the last decade of his life than at any other time. He also occasionally published important new authors, such as the political economist Thomas Malthus, whose *Essay on the Principle of Population* (1798) sparked a long debate between idealists and pragmatists. His emphasis on educational books continued or even increased as his interest in publishing contentious political works diminished. He also continued to support his friends, as with Godwin, who needed financial rescue after his play, *Faulkener*, cost him £800.
Johnson\'s authors became increasingly frustrated with him towards the end of his life, Wakefield calling him \"heedless, insipid, \[and\] inactive\" and Lindsey describing him as \"a worthy and most honest man, but incorrigably `{{sic}}`{=mediawiki} neglectful often to his own detriment\". Priestley, by then in Pennsylvania, eventually broke off his forty-year relationship with the publisher, when his book orders were delayed several years and Johnson failed to communicate with him regarding the publication of his works. Most of the authors who became upset with Johnson were those writing religious or literary works, the riskiest publishing ventures.
### Death
Afflicted by a \"chronic respiratory disease\" for many years, Johnson died at his home and office on 20 December 1809, at the age of 71. The exact nature of his malady is unclear, but his great-nephew Miles wrote to Maria Edgeworth that Johnson was incapacitated with \"spasms\" and \"asthma\" near the end of his life. Never having married, he bequeathed his business concerns to his great-nephews, Hunter and Miles (Hunter took over the business, but could not retain Johnson\'s impressive author list and floundered due to his lack of business \"acumen\"). Johnson\'s remaining £60,000 fortune was shared among friends and family: for example, he willed a £200 annuity to Fanny Imlay, daughter of Mary Wollstonecraft, and £100 to one of Joseph Priestley\'s sons. Johnson was buried at Fulham, where he had rented a country home since 1804, under an epitaph by his life-long friend Henry Fuseli: `{{quote|text=
Beneficent without ostentation, ever ready to produce merit and to relieve distress;<br />Unassuming in prosperity, not appalled by misfortune;<br />Inexorable to his own, indulgent to the wants of others;<br />Resigned and cheerful under the torture and malady which he saw gradually destroy his life.
}}`{=mediawiki} According to Chard, Johnson\'s obituaries, both those written by his friends and those not, \"consistently stress his generosity and his principles\", particularly his integrity. William Godwin\'s obituary of 21 December 1809 in the *Morning Chronicle* was particularly eloquent, calling Johnson an \"ornament to his profession\" and praising his modesty, his warm heart, and the integrity and clarity of his mind.
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# Joseph Johnson (publisher)
## Legacy
Johnson published more books in more fields than any other publisher of his time: \"virtually every giant of the second half of the eighteenth century in medicine, science, religion, philosophy, political thought, education, and poetry published at least one work with Johnson\". Johnson\'s publications helped to \"demystify medicine\" for the public and were integral to the Scientific Revolution. His periodical, the *Analytical Review*, can be seen as a precursor to the *New Statesman*. By the end of his career, Johnson had acquired a majority or monopoly share in the ownership of the works of: Shakespeare, Milton, Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison, Richard Steele, Samuel Johnson, and all of the major novelists of the period (except Samuel Richardson).
Johnson was known for fostering the development of new writers without worrying about maximizing profits, and for printing works on principle, even if he knew they would make little money. His risky publication of Joel Barlow\'s *Advice to the Privileged Orders* (1792), for example, sold 600 copies and barely broke even. He was also instrumental in the creation of the female professional writer, a role that began opening to women only at the end of the 18th century in Britain. By nurturing the writings of Anna Laetitia Barbauld, Charlotte Smith, Mary Hays, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Maria Edgeworth, he gave women the opportunity to demonstrate that they could be both successful and significant authors. Additionally, he published works promoting women\'s equality, such as Hays\'s *An Appeal to the Men of Great Britain* (1798), which called for an end to the tyrannical rule of men over women; Johnson\'s *Analytical Review* reviewed the work extensively and approvingly.
Johnson was remarkably adept at recognizing new writing talent and making innovative works appealing to the public. More importantly, he functioned as a catalyst for experimentation by bringing disparate authors together. While Johnson promoted his authors, he retreated into the background himself. His friend John Aikin explained that he had \"a decided aversion to all sorts of puffing and parade\"; Johnson\'s unassuming character has left historians and literary critics sparse material from which to reconstruct his life. For 200 years, it was assumed that all of Johnson\'s business records and correspondence had been destroyed, but in the early 1990s, one of his \"letter books\" was discovered in an old desk. It contained copies of letters written to business associates as well as friends from 1795 to 1809. His letters to other publishers discuss \"paper, printing, engraving costs, delivery dates, breaches of copyright, binding charges and accounts\" whereas his letters to friends include missives to Priestley, Maria Edgeworth, Erasmus Darwin, Charlotte Smith, and others. This material has allowed scholars to theorize more concretely about Johnson\'s life and work.
Johnson\'s publications were rarely luxury goods: he priced his merchandise competitively, but always within the reach of the middle class, the audience he most wanted to serve. One way that he reduced costs was by printing texts in the provinces and then importing them to London; many of Priestley\'s works, for example, were printed locally in Birmingham. Johnson did not take great care with the printing of many of his books; they are full of errors and poorly bound. But as they were often printed extremely quickly to respond to a particular event, this was expected by his contemporaries.
Before Johnson\'s generation of booksellers, publishers were not highly respected; Johnson\'s sterling reputation helped publishing to become a more reputable business. His advocacy of cheap books, his desire to foster extensive provincial and foreign connections are all a part of why Johnson has been called \"the most important publisher in England from 1770 until 1810\".
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# Joseph Johnson (publisher)
## Publishing statistics {#publishing_statistics}
According to Chard, in the 48 years of his career, Johnson published around 2,700 imprints, averaging 56 per year. About half of these were pamphlets (e.g. sermons, religious tracts, political leaflets) and many were reprints; therefore he averaged around 20 to 30 new books per year. About 25% of his publications were of anonymous authors; these were usually political or religious works. He published more religious works than any other genre (1,067 titles). Johnson made roughly 750 copies for each print run, although many of his political and religious works would have been printed in editions of 250, as their topics were often ephemeral
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# Tempered representation
In mathematics, a **tempered representation** of a linear semisimple Lie group is a representation that has a basis whose matrix coefficients lie in the L^*p*^ space
: *L*^2+ε^(*G*)
for any ε \> 0.
## Formulation
This condition, as just given, is slightly weaker than the condition that the matrix coefficients are square-integrable, in other words lie in
: *L*^2^(*G*),
which would be the definition of a discrete series representation. If *G* is a linear semisimple Lie group with a maximal compact subgroup *K*, an admissible representation ρ of *G* is tempered if the above condition holds for the *K*-finite matrix coefficients of ρ.
The definition above is also used for more general groups, such as *p*-adic Lie groups and finite central extensions of semisimple real algebraic groups. The definition of \"tempered representation\" makes sense for arbitrary unimodular locally compact groups, but on groups with infinite centers such as infinite central extensions of semisimple Lie groups it does not behave well and is usually replaced by a slightly different definition. More precisely, an irreducible representation is called tempered if it is unitary when restricted to the center *Z*, and the absolute values of the matrix coefficients are in *L*^2+ε^(*G*/*Z*).
Tempered representations on semisimple Lie groups were first defined and studied by Harish-Chandra (using a different but equivalent definition), who showed that they are exactly the representations needed for the Plancherel theorem. They were classified by Knapp and Zuckerman, and used by Langlands in the Langlands classification of irreducible representations of a reductive Lie group *G* in terms of the tempered representations of smaller groups.
## History
Irreducible tempered representations were identified by Harish-Chandra in his work on harmonic analysis on a semisimple Lie group as those representations that contribute to the Plancherel measure. The original definition of a tempered representation, which has certain technical advantages, is that its Harish-Chandra character should be a \"tempered distribution\" (see the section about this below). It follows from Harish-Chandra\'s results that it is equivalent to the more elementary definition given above. Tempered representations also seem to play a fundamental role in the theory of automorphic forms. This connection was probably first realized by Satake (in the context of the Ramanujan-Petersson conjecture) and Robert Langlands and served as a motivation for Langlands to develop his classification scheme for irreducible admissible representations of real and *p*-adic reductive algebraic groups in terms of the tempered representations of smaller groups. The precise conjectures identifying the place of tempered representations in the automorphic spectrum were formulated later by James Arthur and constitute one of the most actively developing parts of the modern theory of automorphic forms.
## Harmonic analysis {#harmonic_analysis}
Tempered representations play an important role in the harmonic analysis on semisimple Lie groups. An irreducible unitary representation of a semisimple Lie group *G* is tempered if and only if it is in the support of the Plancherel measure of *G*. In other words, tempered representations are precisely the class of representations of *G* appearing in the spectral decomposition of L^2^ functions on the group (while discrete series representations have a stronger property that an individual representation has a positive spectral measure). This stands in contrast with the situation for abelian and more general solvable Lie groups, where a different class of representations is needed to fully account for the spectral decomposition. This can be seen already in the simplest example of the additive group **R** of the real numbers, for which the matrix elements of the irreducible representations do not fall off to 0 at infinity.
In the Langlands program, tempered representations of real Lie groups are those coming from unitary characters of tori by Langlands functoriality.
## Examples
- The Plancherel theorem for a semisimple Lie group involves representations that are not the discrete series. This becomes clear already in the case of the group SL~2~(**R**). The principal series representations of SL~2~(**R**) are tempered and account for the spectral decomposition of functions supported on the hyperbolic elements of the group. However, they do not occur discretely in the regular representation of SL~2~(**R**).
- The two limit of discrete series representations of SL~2~(**R**) are tempered but not discrete series (even though they occur \"discretely\" in the list of irreducible unitary representations).
- For *non-semisimple* Lie groups, representations with matrix coefficients in *L*^2+ε^ do not always suffice for the Plancherel theorem, as shown by the example of the additive group **R** of real numbers and the Fourier integral; in fact, all irreducible unitary representations of **R** contribute to the Plancherel measure, but none of them have matrix coefficients in *L*^2+ε^.
- The complementary series representations of SL~2~(**R**) are irreducible unitary representations that are not tempered.
- The trivial representation of a group *G* is an irreducible unitary representation that is not tempered unless *G* is compact.
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# Tempered representation
## Classification
The irreducible tempered representations of a semisimple Lie group were classified by `{{harvs|txt|author1-link=Anthony W. Knapp|last1=Knapp|author2-link=Gregg Zuckerman|last2=Zuckerman|year1=1976|year2= 1982}}`{=mediawiki}. In fact they classified a more general class of representations called **basic representations**. If *P=MAN* is the Langlands decomposition of a cuspidal parabolic subgroup, then a basic representation is defined to be the parabolically induced representation associated to a limit of discrete series representation of *M* and a unitary representation of the abelian group *A*. If the limit of discrete series representation is in fact a discrete series representation, then the basic representation is called an **induced discrete series representation**. Any irreducible tempered representation is a basic representation, and conversely any basic representation is the sum of a finite number of irreducible tempered representations. More precisely, it is a direct sum of 2^*r*^ irreducible tempered representations indexed by the characters of an elementary abelian group *R* of order 2^*r*^ (called the **R-group**). Any basic representation, and consequently any irreducible tempered representation, is a summand of an induced discrete series representation. However it is not always possible to represent an irreducible tempered representation as an induced discrete series representation, which is why one considers the more general class of basic representations.
So the irreducible tempered representations are just the irreducible basic representations, and can be classified by listing all basic representations and picking out those that are irreducible, in other words those that have trivial R-group.
## Tempered distributions {#tempered_distributions}
Fix a semisimple Lie group *G* with maximal compact subgroup *K*. `{{harvtxt|Harish-Chandra|1966|loc= section 9}}`{=mediawiki} defined a distribution on *G* to be **tempered** if it is defined on the Schwartz space of *G*. The Schwartz space is in turn defined to be the space of smooth functions *f* on *G* such that for any real *r* and any function *g* obtained from *f* by acting on the left or right by elements of the universal enveloping algebra of the Lie algebra of *G*, the function
$$(1+\sigma)^rg/\Xi$$ is bounded. Here Ξ is a certain spherical function on *G*, invariant under left and right multiplication by *K*, and σ is the norm of the log of *p*, where an element *g* of *G* is written as : *g*=*kp* for *k* in *K* and *p* in *P*
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# Grizzly APC
Grizzly (disambiguation)}} `{{Infobox weapon
| name=Grizzly APC
| image= Grizzly APC.jpg
| image_size = 300
| caption=
|origin= United States
|type=[[Armored personnel carrier]]
|is_vehicle=yes
| crew= 2+8<ref>[http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htarm/articles/20070327.aspx Armor: Blackwater Builds a Better Armored Truck<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
| length= {{convert|263.75|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
| width= {{convert|102.25|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
| height= {{convert|105.25|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
| weight= <{{convert|30000|lb|t LT ST|lk=out}}
| armour= AR500 Steel
| primary_armament=Roof ringmount
| secondary_armament=
| engine= Diesel
| engine_power= 300 HP
| suspension=4×4 or 4x2 wheeled
| speed= {{convert|105|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
| pw_ratio=
| vehicle_range= {{convert|350|mi|abbr=on}}
}}`{=mediawiki}
The **Grizzly APC** is a 22-ton infantry mobility vehicle designed and manufactured by Academi for urban combat.
## Design
4x2, 4x4, and 6x6 versions with three different Caterpillar diesel engines are available.
Its armor, called the \"Blackwater High Threat Armor Protection System\" is claimed to defeat 12.7 mm .50 caliber heavy machine gun rounds as well as IEDs. It is constructed of AR500 steel, and incorporates angled walls and a v-hull chassis to deflect the blast waves produced by explosives. It uses Fiber-Tek armor reinforced belly and lowers, with a fully enclosed drive train. ArmorThane tactical coating on the interior and exterior reduces spall probability.
There are two top-side egress hatches, five gun ports (two on each side and one in rear), and bullet resistant glass windows, capable of NIJ level 3 protection. The Grizzly makes use of forward and rear 400,000+ candle power halogen searchlights, which can be operated remotely. It also has a ringmount roof turret, capable of mounting a 12.7mm heavy machine gun, which may be operated from a remote weapon station.
Blackwater USA submitted two Grizzly APC vehicles to the U.S. military, with EXO Scale anti-EFP appliqué armor from ARES Systems Group, for the MRAP II competition at the Aberdeen Proving Ground. According to the Army Times, the armor passed the testing, but the vehicle failed due to limited armor on the forward area of the vehicle (pictures on ARES\' website shows less armor was used over the frontal area of the cab.) Blackwater had been hoping to discuss adding more armor to the forward area and threatened an automatic protest but it was disregarded, according to an Army Times source.
## Production
The Grizzly is manufactured by **Blackwater Armored Vehicle**, a division of **Academi** (formerly known as **Blackwater Worldwide** and **Xe Services LLC**), in a 70000 sqft factory in Camden, North Carolina. It was scheduled to begin production in April 2007 and Blackwater predicted production of at least a vehicle a day to meet demand. However, the Grizzly was not selected by the US Army in 2008 and lack of projected non-US-military sales have forced cutbacks in staff at the plant.
The first Grizzly was built on a commercial GMC (automobile) chassis. The current versions are built on a custom chassis supplied by Seagrave Fire Apparatus, Clintonville, Wisconsin
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# Maurice de la Taille
**Maurice de La Taille** `{{post-nominals|post-noms=[[Society of Jesus|SJ]]}}`{=mediawiki} (30 November 1872 -- 23 October 1933) was a French Roman Catholic priest whose writings influenced the Liturgical Movement. He entered the Jesuit order in 1890 and taught theology at the Catholic University of the West in Angers. From 1916 to 1918 he was military chaplain to the Canadian Army. From 1919 he taught at the Pontifical Gregorian University.
His principal work, *Mysterium Fidei*, written in 1921, was a comprehensive study of the Mass. Dealing with the sacrifice once offered by Christ, he describes the Mass as the Sacrifice of the Church and the Eucharist as a Sacrament. His contention was that there is a unity between Christ\'s sacrifice begun at the Last Supper, consummated on the Cross and Resurrection and continued in the Mass. There was only one immolation, that at Calvary, to which the supper looked forward and the Mass looks back. He defended himself against his critics in *The Mystery of Faith and Human Opinion* (1930)
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# Kokusai Ku-8
The `{{nihongo|'''Kokusai Ku-8-II'''|国際 ク8 四式特殊輸送機|Kokusai ku 8 yonshiki tokushū yusōki}}`{=mediawiki} (**Kokusai Army Type 4 Special Transport Glider**) was a Japanese military glider used during the Second World War. They were usually towed by Mitsubishi G3M or Mitsubishi Ki-21 aircraft.
## Design and development {#design_and_development}
Design of the Ku-8-II began in December 1941, and the glider was essentially a Kokusai Ki-59 with the engines and fuel tanks removed and a modified undercarriage. It was given the Allied code name **Goose** and later **Gander**. The prototype was completed on May 20, 1943 and took to the air two days later, on May 22, 1943.
A **Ku-8-II** version that was produced in 1944 used a tubular steel frame structure and had a hinged nose that could be opened to the side to allow loading. Also, its capacity was increased slightly to carry twenty troops. In total, approximately 700 were built. They were used operationally in the Philippines, primarily to carry supplies.
## Variants
- **Ku-8-I**:Prototypes.
- **Ku-8-II**:Military transport glider. Production version
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# Paul Nordoff
**Paul Nordoff** (June 6, 1909 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania -- January 18, 1977 in Herdecke, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany) was an American composer and music therapist, anthroposophist and initiator of the Nordoff-Robbins method of music therapy. His music is generally tonal and neo-Romantic in style.
## Career
Born in Philadelphia, he studied the piano at the Philadelphia Conservatory of Music (later the University of the Arts), receiving a B.M. degree in 1927 and an M.M. degree in 1932. He later studied with Rubin Goldmark at the Juilliard School, and in 1960 he received a Bachelor of Music Therapy from the Combs College of Music in Philadelphia. He served as head of composition at the Philadelphia Conservatory (1938--1943), a teacher at Michigan State College (1945--1949), and professor of music at Bard College (1948--1959). While still a student he encountered the work of Rudolf Steiner and became a member of the Anthroposophical Society in 1943, visiting its centre in Dornach to lecture at the conferences held there on Music after 1954.
His work as a composer was acknowledged by two Guggenheim Fellowships (in 1933 and 1935) and the Pulitzer Traveling Fellowship for Music for his 1936 Piano Quintet (in 1940). (This was three years before the first Pulitzer Prize for Music was awarded.) In 1941, Nordoff performed his Theme and Variations for violoncello and piano with cellist Benar Heifetz in a concert of chamber music from the Americas at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City during the 1941 festival of the International Society for Contemporary Music. In 1958 he gave up his academic career, convinced of the power of music as therapy for disabled children. Encouraged by colleagues in research and psychology, he began his explorations with disabled children in Great Britain and Europe, teaming up with Dr Clive Robbins, a special educator committed to music as a medium of therapy.
From 1958 to 1960 Paul Nordoff worked in Sunfield Homes together with Michael Wilson and Dr Herbert Geuter, the son of founder Fried Geuter, both accomplished musicians conversant with the field of music therapy themselves. Thereafter he visited 26 institutions offering Special Needs education, introducing his methods in England, Scotland, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Germany.
Thereafter, they worked together in a research programme beginning in 1961 for two years, in which they treated children with severe handicap in public schools in Philadelphia by means of music therapy, with astonishing results on their ability to learn. Also autistic children were activated and enlivened through their therapy sessions with music.
He was married to the American Eurythmist Sabina Nordoff.
He composed the score to three of Martha Graham\'s ballets: *Praeludium* (1935), *Every Soul Is a Circus* (1939) and *Salem Shore* (1943).
Nordoff\'s music was published by Associated, Carl Fischer, Theodore Presser, and G. Schirmer.
Two films featuring their work were broadcast on BBC Television. In 1976, musicians and managers in the British music industry formed the Silver Clef fund-raising organization to support all the activities of the Centre.
## Nordoff-Robbins music therapy {#nordoff_robbins_music_therapy}
Clive Robbins joined Sunfield as a teacher in 1954 and it was here that he met Paul Nordoff when he came to visit. Encouraged by Dr Herbert Geuter to play to one of the boys and observe the results, Paul Nordoff quickly became inspired by the potential of music to communicate something to severely disabled children. Clive Robbins, equally inspired, teamed up with him to research and develop what is known today as the Nordoff-Robbins method of music therapy, pioneered and still practiced at Sunfield today.
Nordoff-Robbins Music Therapy is an improvisational and compositional approach to individual and group therapy that resulted from the pioneering teamwork of Paul Nordoff and Clive Robbins over a period of 17 years. The early development of Nordoff-Robbins Music Therapy resulted from Nordoff and Robbins\' similar philosophical background, the supportive environment of Sunfield Children\'s Home, the guidance of Herbert Geuter, M.D., and their courage. Since the 1959-1960 academic year, the application and practice of Nordoff-Robbins Music Therapy has undergone many changes. However, the pioneering spirit of Nordoff and Robbins manifested in that watershed year remains strong among contemporary Nordoff-Robbins music therapy practitioners.
Nordoff died in Herdecke, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany in 1977 at the age of 67.
## Books
### Together with P. Grabbe {#together_with_p._grabbe}
- *Minute Stories of the Opera*, N. Y. 1932;
- *Five Melodies of Foster, F. C. transcribed for piano*, N. Y. 1934;
- *Variationen über einen Schuhplattler.* Piano, Mainz 1935;
- *Songs for Pianoforte Accompaniment*, N. Y. 1938;
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# Paul Nordoff
## Books
### with Franklin Brewer {#with_franklin_brewer}
- *I was born to be attractive: a one-act opera*, Philadelphia 1941;
- *Did Matisse find peace? A one-act opera*, Philadelphia 1941;
- *Art and the heart*, Philadelphia 1941;
- *Anthony's Song Book*: Ten Songs, o. O. 1950;
- *Winter symphony*, Louisville \[1957\];
- *Songs and Poems of Robert Burns. New accompaniments for thirty songs*, N. Y. \[1959\];
- *Spirituals for children to sing and play*, Bryn Mawr o. J.;
- *Songs for children with resonator bells and piano*, Bryn Mawr, 1962
### with Clive Robbins {#with_clive_robbins}
- *Music Therapy for Handicapped Children: Investigations and Experience*. New York, 1965.
- *Music Therapy in Special Education*. New York, 1971.
- *Therapy in Music for Handicapped Children*. New York, 1971.
- *Creative Music Therapy: Individualized Treatment for the Handicapped Child*. New York, 1977
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# Fernando de Santiago
**Fernando de Santiago y Díaz de Mendívil** (23 July 1910 -- 6 November 1994) was a conservative politician who served as deputy prime minister of Spain and briefly as acting prime minister during the Spanish transition to democracy in the late 1970s. He had earlier been a general in the Spanish Civil War and under the dictatorship of Francisco Franco.
## Biography
As an active soldier, Santiago participated in the Second Moroccan War in the 1920s and in 1936 joined the Spanish Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War, rising to the rank of lieutenant general. In Francoist Spain, he served as a professor and later director of the *Escuela Politécnica Superior del Ejército* (Superior Polytechnic Army College).
In the waning years of Franco\'s rule, from 4 March 1971 to 24 April 1974, the dictator gave Santiago a task as political as it was military: serve as governor-general of Spanish Sahara after Spanish forces had massacred members of a native independence movement in the \"Zemla Intifada\". Santiago presided over the introduction of limited home-rule in the region, which was eventually decolonized a few years later.
Following Franco\'s death on 20 November 1975, Santiago was named *Vicepresidente del Gobierno para la Defensa* (deputy prime minister for defense) of Spain\'s first post-Franco government, under Prime Minister Carlos Arias Navarro. Following Arias\' resignation, Santiago briefly served as interim prime minister, from 1 to 3 July 1976.
Under the administration of Adolfo Suárez, Santiago remained the principal deputy prime minister but gave up oversight of the defense ministry. While Arias Navarro had been considered a Francoist, Suárez would turn out to be a reformer, putting Spain on the road to democracy. Santiago would become a harsh critic of Suárez\' government. He submitted a resignation letter shortly after Suárez announced he would support the Political Reform Act and its call for open elections; his resignation was accepted on 21 September 1976.
Out of office, Santiago continued to meet with conservative military officials disturbed by Spain\'s democratization and liberalization. In September 1977, he met with a group of army leaders---including Jaime Milans del Bosch---who secretly wrote a letter to King Juan Carlos I asking him to undertake \"actions to rescue the destiny of the Fatherland\". Bosch would later be implicated in the \"23-F\" coup attempt on 23 February 1981.
Santiago died in Madrid on 6 November 1994.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
He married María Ignacia Morales de Los Ríos y Palacio at San Fermín de los Navarros in Madrid on 6 January 1934 who was the daughter of Santiago Morales de Los Ríos y Chávarri (b. Madrid, Salvador y San Nicolás, 1 May 1886 - ?) and Ana María de Palacio y Velasco (29 April 1890 - ?), daughter of the 6th Marquess of Casa Palacio and wife the 1st Marchioness of Villarreal de Álava and grandaunt of Loyola de Palacio and Ana de Palacio
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# Good Hands Records
**Good Hands Records** is an independent hip hop record label founded in 2002 by DJ Truth aka Charley Greenberg and Art Beeswax aka Larry Maley. In 2006, Good Hands secured a distribution deal with Traffic Entertainment Group and released Camp Lo\'s \"Black Hollywood\", Kurupt Presents Tangled Thoughts, \"Philly 2 Cali\", Killah Priest\'s \"The Offering\", Charon Don and DJ Huggy\'s (Hands Down), \"Art of Life\", and Dev Rocka\'s \"The Night Shift\" in 2007.
In 2008, Good Hands re-signed Wu Tang affiliate Killah Priest, and released the follow-up to \"The Offering\", \"Behind The Stained Glass.\" Good Hands also released \"Operation: Take Back Hip Hop\" from Juice Crew legends Craig G & Marley Marl, as well as the Killah Priest & Chief Kamachi collaboration album \"Beautiful Minds.\"
In September 2008, Good Hands announced a joint venture with artist Lil Scrappy\'s new label G\'\$ Up Records. Lil Scrappy & G\'\$ Up \"Silence and Secrecy: Black Rag Gang\" was released on February 24, 2009.
Good Hands earlier releases, via a joint venture with Eastern Conference Records, include Chief Kamachi\'s \"Cult Status\", Chief Kamachi and the Juju Mob\'s \"Black Candles\", and Reef The Lost Cauze\'s \"Feast or Famine
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# St. James College of Parañaque
**St. James College of Parañaque** (S.J.C.P.) was a private, non-sectarian academic institution in Parañaque, Metro Manila which operated from 1987 to 2012. It was established by Jaime T. Torres, a successful businessman involved in brokerage, real estate and agricultural development business, and Myrna Montealegre-Torres, a former educator at the St. Jude Catholic School and Stella Maris College.
## History
Opened in 1987 as **St. James School of Parañaque**, it was the second branch of the St. James College System (established in 1971) which includes other schools in Quezon City, Metro Manila and Calamba, Laguna. The school was located at 8408 Dr. A. Santos Avenue (more popularly known as Sucat Road) in Parañaque. Its chancellor and dean of education is Dr. Norma M. Abracia, and its principal is Nilda Sergio.
In March 2012, the school ordered its closure and was demolished to give way for SM City BF Parañaque. The front portion was converted into an open parking space and is currently occupied by AutomobiliCo Car Shop, while the rear buildings of the campus are still intact. All documents such as Form 137, Transcript of Records, certification, diploma for alumni are processed/transferred at the Quezon City campus.
## Founding and patron saint {#founding_and_patron_saint}
Being devout Catholics, school founders Jaime and Myrna Torres found themselves adhering to the path that St. James, their patron saint, had taken. St. James the Greater was one of the twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ, and the patron saint of Spain.
In commemoration of his Feast Day every July 25, several activities were held on campus.
## Academics
St. James College offered the following academic programs:
### Basic Education {#basic_education}
- Pre-School
- Grade School
- High School
### College of Hospitality Management {#college_of_hospitality_management}
- Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management
### College of Education {#college_of_education}
- Bachelor in Elementary Education
- Bachelor in Secondary Education majors in Math, English
### College of Arts {#college_of_arts}
- Bachelor of Arts, major in Psychology
## Facilities
- Air-conditioned classrooms
- Audi-gymnasium
- Multi-purpose hall
- Quadrangle
- Computer Laboratory
- Science Laboratory
- Speech Laboratory
- Home Economics Laboratory
- Children\'s Activity Center
- Children\'s Playground
- Audio-Visual Room
- Prayer Room
- Swimming Pool
- Open Field
- Music Room
- Karate Room
- Cottages
## College hymn {#college_hymn}
I. O hail, hail, hail to thee Our dearest patron saint St. James, our Alma Mater Life and love for you.
II\. We sing our lovely joy Shower us your holy care Hail to thee, our dearest saint St. James, our Alma Mater, *(Repeat I and II)*
III\. We sing our song for you Hail to thee our patron saint, St. James, our Alma Mater We sing our song divinely Hail to thee, hail to thee Our patron, dear St. James
*(Repeat III)*
## SJCP 20th anniversary celebration {#sjcp_20th_anniversary_celebration}
St. James College of Parañaque celebrated their 20th anniversary November 22--30, 2007. Activities included a torch parade, family day, high school and grade school field demonstrations, a float parade, and a variety show. Since it was raining, the float parade and variety show was moved to December 6.
Many booths were opened inside the campus for the celebration
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# Uerdingen
**Uerdingen** (`{{IPA|de|ˈyːɐ̯dɪŋən}}`{=mediawiki}) is a district of the city of Krefeld, Germany, with a population of 17,888 (2019). Originally a separate city in its own right, Uerdingen merged with the city of Krefeld in 1929. Today, Uerdingen is best known for a local distillery and a railcar factory, and is the eponym of the Uerdingen line.
## History
The earliest archeological artifacts found in Uerdingen date to the first century CE, and are now found in the British museum. The size and permanence of the associated settlement, however, remain unclear, partly because the site was also a camp for the Roman Legion. Records attest that the commander c. 89 CE was Marcus Hordeonius Flaccus; his nickname (\"Castra Ordeonii\") has been proposed as an etymon for \"Uerdingen\".
The earliest reference to a permanent settlement in the Krefeld-Uerdingen area dates to 809: the city charter for Friemersheim describes a nearby town as \"Urdingi\". By the mid-thirteenth century, Uerdingen was a thriving port, serving the Rhine river trade as the northernmost exclave of the Electorate of Cologne. In 1255, Uerdingen was granted its first city charter. The town had an inside harbor and special customs office for ships traveling onwards to Cologne. The town was traded between various German noble houses during the late Middle Ages.
By the early modern period, Uerdingen found itself on the front lines of multiple European (and eventually world-wide) conflicts. The town was repeatedly sacked --- first in the Cologne War and then the Thirty Years\' War, and finally the city was adjacent to Friedrich III\'s famous Schlacht bei Uerdingen in the War of the League of Augsburg. A witch hunt erupted in 1589, damaging civic spirit during the recovery from the Cologne War. Nonetheless, the city was unharmed in the War of the Spanish Succession, and began to recover throughout the rest of the 18th century. The current town hall dates to 1714--25, immediately following the War of the Spanish Succession.
After the town was damaged in the Rhine floods of 1783-4, Revolutionary French administrators grouped it together with the nearby town of Crefeld. The fates of the two would be ever-closer interlinked from industrialization onwards. In 1929, under the influence of the Prussian minister of the interior, Uerdingen and Krefeld united in a special municipal government giving each urbanity equal rights. The new conglomeration was known as \"Krefeld-Uerdingen am Rhein.\" In April 1940, the Nazi regime eradicated the condominium, and renamed the city plain \"Krefeld.\" The unification was not reverted following the war, to the annoyance of the Uerdingene. Nonetheless, Uerdingen, as a part of the city of Krefeld, retained an unusual special status within Germany. One sign of this can still be seen today in Krefeld\'s city coat of arms (\"*Wappen*\"), which still has the Uerdinger arms in its right half. These last remnants of the medieval period were finally eliminated in the North Rhine-Westphalian reapportionment of 1975.
## Economy
During the 20th century most important employer in Uerdingen (as well in Krefeld) was the Bayer concern. Bayer\'s second-largest plant was located in the area, and produced synthetics, pigments, and chemical feedstock. In 2004, most of the chemical and approximately a third of synthetic-materials divisions were spun off from Bayer AG. The ex-Bayer plant is now an industrial park home to several chemical companies, none of which are Bayer AG. The area also has the rail car manufacturer Waggonfabrik Uerdingen (founded 1898), formerly Duewag and today Siemens Mobility. This factory is famous for producing the ICE trains for international fleets and the Uerdingen railbus, a type of light locomotive largely for passenger service on branch lines. Finally, Melchers distillery produces the \"Uerdinger\" brand of gin and a Dujardin Cognac.
## Geography
Uerdingen is bounded on its west by the Krefeld city districts of Bockum, Gartenstadt, and Elfrath; on the northwest by Traar; on the north by Duisburg-Rumeln-Kaldenhausen; and on the northeast by Hohenbudberg in the direction of Duisburg-Rheinhausen. To the east of Uerdingen, across the Rhine, lies Duisburg-Mündelheim, and on the south lies the Krefeld city district of Linn.
A landmark of Uerdingen is a bridge over the river Rhine, built in 1936 and a national monument since 1987.
Krefeld-Uerdingen station lies on the Duisburg--Mönchengladbach railway.
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# Uerdingen
## Coat of arms {#coat_of_arms}
The arms of Uerdingen show the golden keys of Saint Peter upon a divided background, blue above and red below. Blue and red are said to be the colors of Saint Peter, whereby blue would be said to represent heaven and red to symbolize hell. The colors of Uerdingen are likewise blue and red.
## Sport
Uerdingen is best known for its tradition-steeped football team F.C. Bayer 05 Uerdingen, now known as KFC Uerdingen 05. The soccer-team plays in Germany\'s Regionalliga West and was in 1985 winner of the DFB-Pokal against Bayern Munich in Berlin.
## Language
A dialect of Limburgish is still spoken in Uerdingen, a variety known locally as *Oedingsch Platt*, where *oedingsch* signifies \"of Uerdingen\" in the dialect, and *Platt* being a northern German term for the varieties of Limburgish in general. *Oedisch Platt* should not be confused with *Krieewelsch Platt*, the Krefeld *Platt* variety of Limburgish, as there are small, subtle differences between the two. The best known Uerdingen song in *Platt* is \"*Oeding blievt Oeding (os Städtche am Rhien)*\" by Andreas Otto Kickers, sometimes considered to be the Uerdinger Hymn. The song describes life and history of the city and of its inhabitants. The \"*Rhienstädter*\" sing this at all occasions, and thereby cultivate the dialect.
At the northeastern edge of the city runs the isogloss known as the Uerdingen Line.
## Politics
Uerdingen voters after World War II were overwhelmingly inclined towards the SPD, the Social Democratic Party of Germany. At both of the most recent municipal elections, however, the CDU, the Christian Democratic Union, received the most votes.
Uerdingen accounts for the largest part of the *Bezirksvertretung Uerdingen* (\"District Representation of Uerdingen\"), but the area of the electoral district reaches beyond Uerdingen proper.
District representation since 2014: Total, 15 seats / 100%
- SPD (Social Democrats) (6 seats/40,95 %)
- CDU (Christian Democrats) (5 seats/31,09 %)
- Alliance \'90/The Greens (1 seat/9,23 %)
- FDP (liberal) (1 seat/5,7 %)
- The Left (1 seat/4,19 %)
- Alternative for Germany (1 seat/3,99 %)
District manager: Jürgen Hengst (SPD)
## Religion
The Uerdingen population adheres largely to Roman Catholicism. There are at present three Catholic churches, as well as a Catholic church in Hohenbudberg and an Evangelical church, as well
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# Narayanan Vaghul
**Narayanan Vaghul** (1936 -- 18 May 2024) was an Indian banker and philanthropist, who served as chairman and managing director of ICICI Bank, one of India\'s largest private sector banks. He was a recipient of the Padma Bhushan, India\'s third highest civilian honour, in 2010.
## Early life {#early_life}
Vaghul was born in Madras (present-day Chennai) in then British India in 1936. He was second in a family of eight children. He studied at Ramakrishna Mission School and graduated from Loyola College, Madras University in the with a Bachelor of Commerce degree with honours in 1956. In a later interview, he would say that while he wanted to pursue a career in the Indian civil services, he missed the application due to an age cutoff.
## Career
Vaghul started his career with the State Bank of India (SBI), an Indian public sector bank, as a probationary officer. During his time at the bank, he was mentored by then chairman of the bank R. K. Talwar. He later moved to the National Institute of Bank Management, after serving 19 years at SBI. He later became the director there before joining Central Bank of India, another public sector bank, in 1978. In 1981, he was appointed the chairman and managing director of Bank of India.
Vaghul was appointed as the chairman and managing director of the Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India, which was then still a government-controlled public finance institution, in 1985 by prime minister Rajiv Gandhi. He led the corporation\'s transformation into India\'s largest private-sector bank taking the name ICICI Bank. He retired in 1996, but remained as its non-executive chairman until 2009. In addition to driving the transformation at the Bank, his time at ICICI was noted for grooming of leaders, including K. V. Kamath, Kalpana Morparia, Shikha Sharma, and Nachiket Mor, many of whom went on to lead other public and private sector financial institutions.
Vaghul served as a director on the board of many companies including Wipro Technologies, Mahindra & Mahindra, Apollo Hospitals and Mittal Steel Company. He was also the chairman of Mahindra World City, Chennai, when it was set up as one of the first special economic zones in India, and was the first chairman of financial services company CRISIL. He was also chairman of Pratham from 1996-2007 helping the organisation to scale across India.
Vaghul was awarded the Padma Bhushan, India\'s third highest civilian honour, in the trade and industry category in 2010. He won several other awards including Business Man of the Year (1991) from *Business India* and a lifetime achievement award from *The Economic Times*. He was also the Chairman of Give India, one of India\'s NGOs.
Vaghul received the award of Corporate Catalyst---Forbes Philanthropy award in 2012 for his active involvement and assisting philanthropic causes.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Vaghul was married to Padma Vaghul and had two children---a son, Mohan, and a daughter, Sudha.
Vaghul died on 18 May 2024, at the age of 88
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# 15th Hong Kong Film Awards
The **15th Hong Kong Awards** ceremony, honored the best films of 1995 and took place on 28 April 1996 at Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts, Wan Chai, Hong Kong. The ceremony was hosted by Sandra Ng, Dayo Wong and Veronica Yip, during the ceremony awards are presented in 15 categories.
## Awards
Winners are listed first, highlighted in **boldface**, and indicated with a double dagger (`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki}).
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| - ***Summer Snow***`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | - ***Ann Hui --- Summer Snow***`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki} |
| - *The Day the Sun Turned Cold* | - *Derek Yee --- Full Throttle* |
| - *Full Throttle* | - *Wong Kar-wai --- Fallen Angels* |
| - *Fallen Angels* | - *Yim Ho --- The Day the Sun Turned Cold* |
| - *Rumble in the Bronx* | - *Johnnie To --- Loving You* |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| - ***Chan Man Keung --- Summer Snow***`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | - ***Roy Chiao --- Summer Snow***`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki} |
| - *Derek Yee and Law Chi-leung --- Full Throttle* | - *Andy Lau --- Full Throttle* |
| - *Jeffrey Lau --- A Chinese Odyssey Part 1: Pandora\'s Box* | - *Steven Chow --- A Chinese Odyssey Part 2: Cinderella* |
| - *Jeffrey Lau --- A Chinese Odyssey Part 2: Cinderella* | - *Chow Yun-fat --- Peace Hotel* |
| - *Raymond To --- The Umbrella Story* | - *Jackie Chan --- Rumble in the Bronx* |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| - ***Josephine Siao --- Summer Snow***`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | - ***Law Kar-ying --- Summer Snow***`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki} |
| - *Fung Bo Bo --- Mother of a Different Kind* | - *Chin Kar-lok --- Full Throttle* |
| - *Chingmy Yau --- I\'m Your Birthday Cake* | - *Jordan Chan --- Heaven Can\'t Wait* |
| - *Cecilia Yip --- Peace Hotel* | - *Eric Kot --- Love in the Time of Twilight* |
| - *Anita Mui --- Rumble in the Bronx* | - *Dayo Wong --- The Day That Doesn\'t Exist* |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| - ***Karen Mok --- Fallen Angels***`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | - ***Eric Moo --- Those Were the Days\..
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# Family Ties (Daddy X album)
***Family Ties*** is the second solo studio album by American rapper Daddy X. It was released on January 31, 2006 via Suburban Noize Records. The twenty-one-track record featured guest appearances from Dirtball, Dogboy, Big B, Judge D, and Corporate Avenger
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# List of Vancouver Canucks seasons
The Vancouver Canucks are a professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver. The Canucks are members of the National Hockey League (NHL) and are members of the Pacific Division in the Western Conference. The Canucks were founded in 1945 as a member of the Pacific Coast Hockey League (PCHL). They won the President\'s Cup in their first season, and another in 1948. In 1952, the PCHL was renamed the Western Hockey League (WHL), where the Canucks won four more league titles in 1958, 1960, 1969 and 1970. In 1960, the President\'s Cup was renamed the Lester Patrick Cup to honour the late Lester Patrick.
After a failed attempt to gain an expansion team in the NHL\'s first expansion in 1967, a group from Vancouver tried to move the financial struggling Oakland Seals to town in 1969. However, the NHL prevented the move from happening. Prior to the 1970 NHL expansion a Minneapolis, Minnesota based company, Medicor, purchased the WHL Canucks, and an expansion franchise was granted for the NHL beginning in the 1970--71 season. The Canucks have not enjoyed the same success in the NHL, having thus far been unable to capture the Stanley Cup; as of the conclusion of the 2023-24 season, they are tied with their fellow class of 1970 newcomers the Buffalo Sabres as the longest continuously (and currently) active franchises with zero titles. The Canucks franchise has captured three conference titles, 1981--82, 1993--94, and 2010--11, and eleven division titles in its NHL history.
## Table key {#table_key}
Color/symbol Explanation
-------------- -----------------------
Stanley Cup champions
Conference champions
Division champions
Led league in points
: Key of colors and symbols
Term or abbreviation Definition
---------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------
Finish Final position in division or league standings
GP Number of games played
W Number of wins
L Number of losses
T Number of ties
OT Number of losses in overtime (since the 1999--2000 season)
Pts Number of points
GF Goals for (goals scored by the Canucks)
GA Goals against (goals scored by the Canucks\' opponents)
--- Does not apply
: Key of terms and abbreviations
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# List of Vancouver Canucks seasons
## Year by year {#year_by_year}
*For the PCHL and WHL seasons, see Vancouver Canucks (WHL).*
Season Canucks season Conference Division Regular season
----------------------------------- ---------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------- -----------------------------
Finish GP W L T`{{ref|a|a}}`{=mediawiki} OT`{{ref|a|a}}`{=mediawiki}
1970--71 1970--71 --- East 6th 78
1971--72 1971--72 --- East 7th 78
1972--73 1972--73 --- East 7th 78
1973--74 1973--74 --- East 7th 78
1974--75 1974--75 Campbell Smythe`{{Up-arrow|alt=Division champions}}`{=mediawiki} 1st 80
1975--76 1975--76 Campbell Smythe 2nd 80
1976--77 1976--77 Campbell Smythe 4th 80
1977--78 1977--78 Campbell Smythe 3rd 80
1978--79 1978--79 Campbell Smythe 3rd 80
1979--80 1979--80 Campbell Smythe 3rd 80
1980--81 1980--81 Campbell Smythe 2nd 80
1981--82 1981--82 Campbell`{{double dagger|alt=Conference champions}}`{=mediawiki} Smythe 2nd 80
1982--83 1982--83 Campbell Smythe 3rd 80
1983--84 1983--84 Campbell Smythe 3rd 80
1984--85 1984--85 Campbell Smythe 5th 80
1985--86 1985--86 Campbell Smythe 4th 80
1986--87 1986--87 Campbell Smythe 5th 80
1987--88 1987--88 Campbell Smythe 5th 80
1988--89 1988--89 Campbell Smythe 4th 80
1989--90 1989--90 Campbell Smythe 5th 80
1990--91 1990--91 Campbell Smythe 4th 80
1991--92 1991--92 Campbell Smythe`{{Up-arrow|alt=Division champions}}`{=mediawiki} 1st 80
1992--93 1992--93 Campbell Smythe`{{Up-arrow|alt=Division champions}}`{=mediawiki} 1st 84
1993--94 1993--94 Western`{{double dagger|alt=Conference champions}}`{=mediawiki} Pacific 2nd 84
1994--95`{{ref|b|b}}`{=mediawiki} 1994--95 Western Pacific 2nd 48
1995--96 1995--96 Western Pacific 3rd 82
1996--97 1996--97 Western Pacific 4th 82
1997--98 1997--98 Western Pacific 7th 82
1998--99 1998--99 Western Northwest 4th 82
1999--2000 1999--2000 Western Northwest 3rd 82
2000--01 2000--01 Western Northwest 3rd 82
2001--02 2001--02 Western Northwest 2nd 82
2002--03 2002--03 Western Northwest 2nd 82
2003--04 2003--04 Western Northwest`{{Up-arrow|alt=Division champions}}`{=mediawiki} 1st 82
2004--05 2004--05 *Season cancelled due to 2004--05 NHL Lockout*
2005--06 2005--06 Western Northwest 4th 82
2006--07 2006--07 Western Northwest`{{Up-arrow|alt=Division champions}}`{=mediawiki} 1st 82
2007--08 2007--08 Western Northwest 5th 82
2008--09 2008--09 Western Northwest`{{Up-arrow|alt=Division champions}}`{=mediawiki} 1st 82
2009--10 2009--10 Western Northwest`{{Up-arrow|alt=Division champions}}`{=mediawiki} 1st 82
2010--11 2010--11 Western`{{double dagger|alt=Conference champions}}`{=mediawiki} Northwest`{{Up-arrow|alt=Division champions}}`{=mediawiki} 1st 82
2011--12 2011--12 Western Northwest`{{Up-arrow|alt=Division champions}}`{=mediawiki} 1st 82
2012--13`{{ref|c|c}}`{=mediawiki} 2012--13 Western Northwest`{{Up-arrow|alt=Division champions}}`{=mediawiki} 1st 48
2013--14 2013--14 Western Pacific 5th 82
2014--15 2014--15 Western Pacific 2nd 82
2015--16 2015--16 Western Pacific 6th 82
2016--17 2016--17 Western Pacific 7th 82
2017--18 2017--18 Western Pacific 7th 82
2018--19 2018--19 Western Pacific 5th 82
2019--20`{{ref|d|d}}`{=mediawiki} 2019--20 Western Pacific 3rd 69
2020--21`{{ref|e|e}}`{=mediawiki} 2020--21 --- North 7th 56
2021--22 2021--22 Western Pacific 5th 82
2022--23 2022--23 Western Pacific 6th 82
2023--24 2023--24 Western Pacific`{{Up-arrow|alt=Division champions}}`{=mediawiki} 1st 82
2024--25 2024--25 Western Pacific 5th 82
Totals 4,273
### Notes
**a:** Beginning in 1999, overtime losses were worth one point. As of the 2005--06 NHL season, all games will have a winner with ties eliminated; the OT column includes SOL (shootout losses).\
`{{note|b}}`{=mediawiki}**b:** Season was shortened to 48 games due to the 1994--95 NHL lockout.\
`{{note|c}}`{=mediawiki}**c:** Season was shortened to 48 games due to the 2012--13 NHL lockout.\
`{{note|d}}`{=mediawiki}**d:** Season was suspended on March 12, 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.\
`{{note|e}}`{=mediawiki}**e:** Season was shortened to 56 games due to the aforementioned COVID-19 pandemic.\
## All-time records {#all_time_records}
Statistic GP W L T OT GF GA
--------------------------------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ------------ ------------
Vancouver Canucks regular-season record (1970--present) 4,273 1,815 1,866 391 201 13,097 13,924
Vancouver Canucks postseason record (1970--present) 259 118 141 --- --- 715 816
**All-time regular and postseason record** **4,532** **1,933** **2,007** **391** **201** **13,812** **14,740**
*Statistics above are correct as of the end of the 2024--25 NHL season*
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# Hermann Mögling
**Hermann Friedrich Mögling** (1811--1881), also spelt **Herrmann Friedrich Moegling**, was a German missionary from the Basel Mission who spent most of his career in the western regions of the state of Karnataka, India. He is credited as the publisher of the first ever newspaper in the Kannada language called as *Mangalooru Samachara* in 1843. He was awarded a doctorate for his literary work in Kannada called as *Bibliotheca Carnataca*. He also translated Kannada literature into German. Mögling is acknowledged by Kannada writers and linguists as the first modern Kannada writer, as he produced nearly 36 literary works, considered to be ground-breaking and exceptional Kannada literature, in a short period of 20 years.
He was the founder-principal of BEM Theological Seminary, later renamed as Karnataka Theological College. He and his wife Pauline(Nee Bacmeister) laid the foundations for the Evangelical parish and Anandapur, a village made out of jungle in the interior of Karnataka.
## Early life {#early_life}
Hermann Mögling was born in 1811 in the town of Brackenheim in the Kingdom of Württemberg, Germany. He studied theology at the University of Tübingen and joined the Basel Mission. He came to the city of Mangalore in Karnataka as a missionary of Basel Mission in 1836. In 7 years, in 1843, Mögling had mastered Kannada, and went on to start the first Kannada newspaper - Mangalura Samachara.
## Career
Mögling, being a Christian missionary, was involved in missionary related work in Mangalore but he also learnt the native Kannada language and contributed significantly to Kannada literature. One of his pioneering works was the publication of the first Kannada newspaper, *Mangalooru Samachara* (meaning *Mangalore News*).
### Newspaper publishing {#newspaper_publishing}
In the days of Mögling\'s career at Mangalore, there was no simple way of communicating news and other items to the general public because of non-existence of a medium like radio and of a newspaper in the native language. He decided to publish a Kannada newspaper with the intention of spreading news items to the public. He decided to name it as *Mangaluura samaachaara* and its first issue rolled out on 1 July 1843. Thereafter it was published fortnightly and contained 4 pages. The paper was printed using stone slabs. Some of the news items covered were local Mangalore-related news, Indian population, news related to the East India Company and its laws and regulations. Even songs of Purandaradasa and moral stories were also printed. There are conflicting reports on whether this newspaper was used by Mögling as a tool for proselytisation or not. The newspaper became popular and it was decided to shift its publication to the city of Bellary where it was renamed as *Karnataka Samachara*. *Karnataka Samachara* was first released on 1 May 1844 and in fact it was the 15th issue of *Mangalooru Samachara*. *Karnataka Samachara* was the first Kannada newspaper to be printed using movable type. Unfortunately, only three issues of *Karnataka Samachara* were released. Mögling is credited to be one of the visionaries for a unified Karnataka. In his times, not much communication used to happen between the north and south regions of present-day Karnataka though the people in these two regions spoke the same language, Kannada. In the last issue of *Karnataka Samachara*, he talks of a *Samagra Karnataka* (*Unified Karnataka*) which is essentially a union of these different regions.
### Proselytisation
Mögling\'s main job as a missionary of Basel Mission was the spread of Christianity. One of his converts by name Anandaraya Kaundinya and his family have exchanged letters with Mögling which he has published under the title *Iraaru patragalu* (Twelve letters). This was the first collection of letters ever published in Kannada. Even during his stay in Kodagu district during the years (1853--1858) he spent much of his time on proselytisation. He also published a German book titled *Das Kurgland* which mainly deals with his activities related to Christianity.
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# Hermann Mögling
## Career
### Literature
In 1848, Mögling started dealing with Kannada literature by publishing a list of more than 3000 Kannada proverbs. He also composed about 20 poems (along with Weigle who was his cousin brother and a fellow Basel Missionary) in modern Kannada poetical form. This makes him a pioneer of modern Kannada poetry. But his most important contribution to the Kannada literature is regarded as the *Bibliotheca Carnataca*, a six-volume collection of traditional Kannada literary texts, including the songs of Basavanna, an early Lingayat poet; *Bibliotheca Carnataca* as a collection of Kannada classics was edited and published by him between the period 1848--1853. Mögling was helped in this venture by a philanthropist, *J Casamajor* who was a retired judge from Chennai and settled in Nilgiris. With an exchange of letters, the two discussed on ways to collect Kannada manuscripts, select the important ones among them for publishing and identifying skilled people who would be needed to complete this activity. Casamajor agreed to bear all the expenses required for this venture and was very particular that his name should not be mentioned in any of the publications. A total of eight titles were brought out, the first one being the *Ravana digvijaya -- Yakshagana Prasanga* (the victory of Ravana, based on a scene from Yakshagana). The largest published title running 760 pages was the Basava Purana and the smallest one was Kanakadasa\'s *Haribhaktasara*. Other titles published as a part of *Bibliotheca Carnataca* were *Dasara Padagalu* (a collection of 170 Haridasa songs) and Lakshmisha\'s *Jaimini Bharata*. This venture met an abrupt end due to the sudden demise of Casamajor and Mögling\'s return to Germany.
During his stay in Kodagu, Mögling also published the German book *Das Kurgland* and also a Kannada book titled *Raajendranaame* at the behest of the Kodagu king, Senior Virarajendra. The whole book *Raajendraname* was printed using a simpler orthographic form invented by Mögling himself. The Kannada language uses double consonants frequently, which Mögling felt was difficult for children to learn easily and also to print (since a blank line between two print lines was necessitated to print the double consonant). Mögling devised a scheme of accommodating the double consonant in the same single line by breaking the double consonant into a half consonant wherever possible. After getting an approval for his scheme from the Madras Province\'s Education Department, Mögling published this entire book in his devised orthography. He also published a book called *Coorg Memoirs* which is supposedly one of the earliest history books on Karnataka. In this book, he has described the social life of Kodavas and their customs as well.
On his return to Germany, he translated 24 songs of Kanakadasa and Purandaradasa to the German language which were published by Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, an Oriental society in Germany. In 1870, he also translated the first two chapters (67 verses) of *Bibliotheca Carnataca*\'s *Jaimini Bharata* into German.
Pilgrims Progress was published in Kannada by Moegling and Weigle in 1848
### BEM Theological Seminary {#bem_theological_seminary}
Hermann Moegling was the founder-principal of the BEM Theological Seminary, established in 1847 by the Basel Evangelical Missionary Society. This seminary was established to train Pastors for the Protestant churches in Karnataka and Malabar areas. In 1965, BEM Theological Seminary was merged with Union Kanarese Seminary at Tumkur and renamed as present Karnataka Theological College.
### Mission in Coorg {#mission_in_coorg}
In 1852, Rev. Mögling was getting ready to go back to Germany, when he was met by Alamanda Somayya from Coorg, who wanted to convert to Christianity and also invited him to Coorg, offering his land for construction of a church in Coorg. Rev. Mögling cancelled his plans to return to Germany, and instead moved to Coorg along with his junior Rev. Anand Rao Kaundinya in 1853. On 6 January 1853, Alamanda Somayya was baptised into Christianity, taking up the name of Stephanas Somayya. A modest church was built on Somayya\'s land. The then Chief Commissioner of Coorg, Lt Col Mark Cubbon, helped Rev. Mögling to set up Coorg\'s first Protestant church and a school in Mercara in 1855. Further in 1857, the British administration granted Rev. Mögling 97 acres land to establish a church and a coffee estate settlement.
In spite of his busy schedule in Coorg, Rev. Mögling managed to write two books on Coorg. One in German, called Das Kurgland, detailing evangelical work in Coorg, and the other in English, called Coorg Memoirs, an in depth study of the history of Coorg. Rev. Mögling was very much fond of Coorg and used to call it his second home. He left Coorg in 1860, to be with his ailing wife in Germany.
## Late years {#late_years}
When his cousin Gottfried Weigle died in 1855, Mögling (at a late age of 45) married Weigle\'s wife Pauline. This marriage also gave Mögling four stepchildren from Pauline\'s earlier marriage. One last contribution to Kannada from him was his interest in coming up with a Kannada -- English dictionary. He motivated the British in this project and also suggested the name of Ferdinand Kittel as the ideal person to head the project. Mögling died in 1881 and his memorial is in Esslingen.
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# Hermann Mögling
## Recognition
- At the recommendation of Rudolph Roth (a reputed Indologist), Mögling\'s alma mater; the University of Tübingen awarded Mögling an honorary doctorate in 1858 for his work, *Bibliotheca Carnataca*.
- The Mögling Institute of German Language which is in Mangalore and affiliated to Mangalore University is named after him.
- 1 July (the day when the first issue of *Mangalooru Samachara* was released) is celebrated as *Kannada Press Day* in Karnataka
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# Animal Icons
***Animal Icons*** (2004-2007) is a television show from Animal Planet about animals in popular culture. This program tells us about fictional animals from franchises that include Garfield, Godzilla, King Kong, Batman, Spider-Man and Bugs Bunny
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# Lewin's equation
**Lewin\'s equation**, *B* = *f*(*P*, *E*), is a heuristic formula proposed by psychologist Kurt Lewin as an explanation of what determines behavior.
## Description
The formula states that behavior is a function of the person and their environment:
: $B=f(P,E)$
Where $B$ is behavior, $P$ is person, and $E$ is the environment.
This equation was first presented in Lewin\'s book, *Principles of Topological Psychology*, published in 1936. The equation was proposed as an attempt to unify the different branches of psychology (e.g. child psychology, animal psychology, psychopathology) with a flexible theory applicable to all distinct branches of psychology. This equation is directly related to Lewin\'s field theory. Field theory is centered around the idea that a person\'s life space determines their behavior. Thus, the equation was also expressed as *B = f*(*L*), where *L* is the life space. In Lewin\'s book, he first presents the equation as *B* = *f*(*S*), where behavior is a function of the whole situation (*S*). He then extended this original equation by suggesting that the whole situation could be roughly split into two parts: the person (*P*) and the environment (*E*). According to Lewin, s*ocial* behavior, in particular, was the most psychologically interesting and relevant behavior.
Lewin held that the variables in the equation (e.g. *P* and *E*) could be replaced with the specific, unique situational and personal characteristics of the individual. As a result, he also believed that his formula, while seemingly abstract and theoretical, had distinct concrete applications for psychology.
## Gestalt influence {#gestalt_influence}
Many scholars (and even Lewin himself) have acknowledged the influence of Gestalt psychology on Lewin\'s work. Lewin\'s field theory holds that a number of different and competing forces combine to result in the totality of the situation. A single person\'s behavior may be different in unique situations, as he or she is acting partly in response to these differential forces and factors (e.g. the environment, or *E*):
> \"A physically identical environment can be psychologically different even for the same man in different conditions.\"
Similarly, two different individuals placed in exactly the same situation will not necessarily engage in the same behavior.
> \"Even when from the standpoint of the physicist the environment is identical or nearly identical for a child and or an adult, the psychological situation can be fundamentally different.\"
For this reason, Lewin holds that the person (e.g. *P*) must be considered in conjunction with the environment. *P* consists of the entirety of a person (e.g. his or her past, present, future, personality, motivations, desires). All elements within *P* are contained within the life space, and all elements within *P* interact with each other.
Lewin emphasizes that the desires and motivations within the person and the situation in its entirety, the sum of all these competing forces, combine to form something larger: the life space. This notion speaks directly to the gestalt idea that the \"whole is greater than the sum of its parts.\" The idea that the parts (e.g. *P* and *E*) of the whole (e.g. *S*) combine to form an interactive system has been called Lewin\'s \'dynamic approach,\' a term that specifically refers to regarding \"the elements of any situation\...as parts of a system.\"
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# Lewin's equation
## Interaction of person and environment {#interaction_of_person_and_environment}
### Relative importance of *P* and *E* {#relative_importance_of_p_and_e}
Lewin explicitly stated that either the person or the environment may be more important in particular situations:
> \"Every psychological event depends upon the state of the person and at the same time on the environment, although their relative importance is different in different cases.\"
Thus, Lewin believed he succeeded in creating an applicable theory that was also \"flexible enough to do justice to the enormous differences between the various events and organisms.\" In a sense, he held that it was inappropriate to pick a side on the classic psychological debate of nature versus nurture, as he held that \"every scientific psychology must take into account whole situations, *i.e.*, the state of both person and environment.\" Further, Lewin stated that:
> \"The question whether heredity or environment plays the greater part also belongs to this kind of thinking. The transition of the Galilean thinking involved a recognition of the general validity of the thesis: An event is always the result of the interaction of several facts.\"
### Specific function linking *P* and *E* {#specific_function_linking_p_and_e}
Lewin defined an empirical law as \"the functional relationship between various facts,\" where facts are the \"different characteristics of an event or situation.\" In Lewin\'s original proposal of his equation, he did not specify *how* exactly the person and the environment interact to produce behavior. Some scholars have noted that Lewin\'s use of the comma in his equation between the *P* and *E* represents Lewin\'s flexibility and receptiveness to multiple ways that these two may interact. Lewin indeed held that the importance of the person or of the environment may vary on a case-by-case basis. The use of the comma may provide the flexibility to support this assertion.
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# Lewin's equation
## Psychological reality {#psychological_reality}
Lewin differentiates between multiple realities. For example, the psychological reality encompasses everything that an individual perceives and believes to be true. Only what is contained within the psychological reality can affect behavior. In contrast, things that may be outside the psychological reality, such as bits of the physical reality or social reality, has no direct relation to behavior. Lewin states:
> \"The psychological reality\...does not depend upon whether or not the content\...exists in a physical or social sense\....The existence or nonexistence\...of a psychological fact are independent of the existence or nonexistence to which its content refers.\"
As a result, the only reality that is contained within the life space is the psychological reality, as this is the reality that has direct consequences for behavior. For example, in *Principles of Topological Psychology*, Lewin continually reiterates the sentiment that \"the physical reality of the object concerned is not decisive for the degree of psychological reality.\" Lewin refers to the example of a \"child living in a \'magic world.\'\" Lewin asserts that, for this child, the realities of the \'magic world\' are a psychological reality, and thus must be considered as an influence on their subsequent behavior, even though this \'magic world\' does not exist within the physical reality. Likewise, scholars familiar with Lewin\'s work have emphasized that the psychological situation, as defined by Lewin, is strictly composed of those facts which the individual perceives or believes.
## Principle of contemporaneity {#principle_of_contemporaneity}
In Lewin\'s theoretical framework, the whole situation---or the life space, which contains both the person and the environment---is dynamic. In order to accurately determine behavior, Lewin\'s equation holds that one must consider and examine the life space at the exact moment when the behavior occurred. The life space, even moments after such behavior has occurred, is no longer exactly the same as it was when behavior occurred and thus may not accurately represent the whole situation that led to the behavior in the first place. This focus on the present situation represented a departure from many other theories at the time. Most theories tended to focus on looking at an individual\'s past in order to explain their present behavior, such as Sigmund Freud\'s psychoanalysis. Lewin\'s emphasis on the present state of the life space did not preclude the idea that an individual\'s past may impact the present state of the life space:
> \"\[The\] influence of the previous history is to be thought of as indirect in dynamic psychology: From the point of view of systematic causation, past events cannot influence present events. Past events can only have a position in the historical causal chains whose interweavings create the present situation.\"
Lewin referred to this concept as the principle of contemporaneity
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# Arakuzha
**Arakuzha** is a small village situated 6 km from Muvattupuzha in Kerala, India. The SH 41 connects Arakuzha with Muvattupuzha and Koothattukulam. The Moozhi Bridge connects Arakuzha to the Pineapple City of India, Vazhakulam, which is also 6 km from Arakuzha. It is located on SH 41, towards Koothattukulam, the alternate route for Main Central Road. St. Mary\'s High School and St. Joseph\'s Girls\' School are the oldest high schools in Arakuzha. Arakuzha is also home to two Christian pilgrim centres-St. Mary\'s Forane Church and Malekurish Church. The chief festival is on the first Sunday after Easter.
## History
The village has a large population of Syrian Catholic Christians. Marth Mariam Syro-Malabar Catholic Forane Church has an important role in the life of the people. Saint Thomas Christians of Arakuzha have more than 1,500 years of recorded history. This region comprising Kothamangalam, Vazhakulam, Arakuzha, Mylakompu, Nagapuzha, Muthalakodam of erstwhile Travancore kingdom has some very old Syrian churches. Arakuzha, being an ancient Syrian Christian centre has given asylum to many migrant Syrian Christians during the Tipu\'s persecution of Nasranis. Venerable Mar Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly had served as the parish priest of Marth Mariam Church in Arakuzha (1920--22). During his tenure in Arakuzha he started St. Mary\'s School there. He also purchased 12 acre of land in M.C.Road for constructing St. Joseph\'s Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, Meenkunnam.
Several families migrated to different parts of Kerala, mainly to Malabar and high range areas, in search of agriculture land
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# 1986 Federation Cup (tennis)
The **1986 Federation Cup** was the 24th edition of the most important competition between national teams in women\'s tennis. The tournament was held at I. ČLTK Prague in Prague, Czechoslovakia, from 20 to 27 July. The United States defeated three-time defending champions Czechoslovakia in the final (in what was a rematch of last year\'s final), giving the USA their 12th title. The finals marked Martina Navratilova\'s first return to Czechoslovakia since her defection to the United States in 1975.
## Qualifying round {#qualifying_round}
All ties were played at I. ČLTK Prague in Prague, Czechoslovakia, on clay courts.
Winning team Score Losing team
------------------------------------ ------- -------------
**`{{fed|ROU|1965}}`{=mediawiki}** 2--1
**`{{fed|BEL}}`{=mediawiki}** 3--0
**`{{fed|INA}}`{=mediawiki}** 3--0
**`{{fed|POL}}`{=mediawiki}** 3--0
**`{{fed|EGY}}`{=mediawiki}** w/o
3--0
**`{{fed|CHN}}`{=mediawiki}** 3--0
**`{{fed|MLT}}`{=mediawiki}** 3--0
**`{{fed|YUG}}`{=mediawiki}** 3--0
**`{{fed|URU}}`{=mediawiki}** 2--1
Winning nations advance to Main Draw, losing nations play in Consolation rounds.
### Romania vs. Ireland {#romania_vs._ireland}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Daniela Moise \|4 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Jennifer Thornton \|6 \|1 \|0 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Daniela Moise \|T1P2=Teodora Tache \|3 \|7 \|4 \|T2P1=Siobhán Nicholson \|T2P2=Lesley O\'Halloran \|6 \|6.00 \|6 }} }}
### Belgium vs. Finland {#belgium_vs._finland}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ann Devries \|6 \|3 \|6 \|T2P1=Anne Aallonen \|2 \|6 \|0 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ilse de Ruysscher \|T1P2=Ann Devries \|5 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Maija Suonpää \|T2P2=Petra Thorén \|7 \|2 \|3 }} }}
### Indonesia vs. Chile {#indonesia_vs._chile}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Suzanna Anggarkusuma \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Paulina Sepúlveda \|3 \|2 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Yayuk Basuki \|T1P2=Sri Utaminingsih \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Macarena Miranda \|T2P2=Natalie Rodríguez \|0 \|2 \| }} }}
### Poland vs. Mexico {#poland_vs._mexico}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Monika Waniek \|6 \|2 \|6 \|T2P1=Claudia Hernández \|4 \|6 \|4 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Renata Skrzypczyńska \|T1P2=Ewa Zerdecka \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Zarina Galván \|T2P2=Mónica Muñoz \|2 \|1 \| }} }}
### South Korea vs. Luxembourg {#south_korea_vs._luxembourg}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Kim Soo-ok \|4 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Karin Kschwendt \|6 \|2 \|3 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Lee Jeong-soon \|T1P2=Park Jeom-re \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Ginette Huberty \|T2P2=Karin Kschwendt \|2 \|4 \| }} }}
### China vs. Israel {#china_vs._israel}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Zhong Ni \|4 \|6 \|8 \|T2P1=Ilana Berger \|6 \|2 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Duan Li-Lan \|T1P2=Pu Xin-Fen \|6 \|6.045 \|6 \|T2P1=Ilana Berger \|T2P2=Sagit Doron \|2 \|7 \|3 }} }}
### Malta vs. Chinese Taipei {#malta_vs._chinese_taipei}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Carol Cassar-Torreggiani \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Ho Chiu-mei \|1 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Katherine Camilleri \|T1P2=Carol Cassar-Torreggiani \|7 \|4 \|6 \|T2P1=Lai Su-jen \|T2P2=Lai Su-lin \|6.045 \|6 \|2 }} }}
### Yugoslavia vs. Norway {#yugoslavia_vs._norway}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Sabrina Goleš \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Amy Jönsson Raaholt \|2 \|0 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Sabrina Goleš \|T1P2=Aila Winkler \|6 \|7 \| \|T2P1=Amy Jönsson Raaholt \|T2P2=Astrid Sunde \|3 \|6.015 \| }} }}
### Uruguay vs. Philippines {#uruguay_vs._philippines}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Fiorella Bonicelli \|7 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Dyan Castillejo \|6.035 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Fiorella Bonicelli \|T1P2=Silvana Casaretto \|4 \|4 \| \|T2P1=Dyan Castillejo \|T2P2=Jennifer Saberon \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
| 470 |
1986 Federation Cup (tennis)
| 0 |
10,995,846 |
# 1986 Federation Cup (tennis)
## Main draw {#main_draw}
**Participating Teams**
-------------------------
1st Round losing teams play in Consolation rounds
### First round {#first_round}
#### Czechoslovakia vs. Greece {#czechoslovakia_vs._greece}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Hana Mandlíková \|6 \|5 \|6 \|T2P1=Angeliki Kanellopoulou \|1 \|7 \|3 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Andrea Holíková \|T1P2=Regina Maršíková \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Angeliki Kanellopoulou \|T2P2=Olga Tsarbopoulou \|3 \|0 \| }} }}
#### Malta vs. Switzerland {#malta_vs._switzerland}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Carol Cassar-Torreggiani \|1 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Christiane Jolissaint \|1 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Katherine Camilleri \|T1P2=Carol Cassar-Torreggiani \|4 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Christiane Jolissaint \|T2P2=Anne-Marie Rüegg \|6 \|3 \|8 }} }}
#### Great Britain vs. Denmark {#great_britain_vs._denmark}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Jo Durie \|3 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Tine Scheuer-Larsen \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Jo Durie \|T1P2=Anne Hobbs \|2 \|6.005 \| \|T2P1=Anne Møller \|T2P2=Tine Scheuer-Larsen \|6 \|7 \| }} }}
#### Hungary vs. Australia {#hungary_vs._australia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Andrea Temesvári \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Wendy Turnbull \|1 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Csilla Cserépy \|T1P2=Andrea Temesvári \|7 \|4 \|0 \|T2P1=Elizabeth Smylie \|T2P2=Wendy Turnbull \|5 \|6 \|6 }} }}
#### Netherlands vs. Canada {#netherlands_vs._canada}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Marianne van der Torre \|2 \|0 \| \|T2P1=Carling Bassett \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Hellas ter Riet \|T1P2=Marianne van der Torre \|6 \|3 \|1 \|T2P1=Carling Bassett \|T2P2=Jill Hetherington \|5 \|6 \|6 }} }}
#### Japan vs. Austria {#japan_vs._austria}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Etsuko Inoue \|3 \|4 \| \|T2P1=Petra Huber \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Etsuko Inoue \|T1P2=Masako Yanagi \|6 \|2 \|8 \|T2P1=Petra Huber \|T2P2=Judith Wiesner \|1 \|6 \|6 }} }}
#### Egypt vs. South Korea {#egypt_vs._south_korea}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Anjy Fahmy \|0 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Lee Jeong-soon \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Anjy Fahmy \|T1P2=Shahira Tawfik \|0 \|0 \| \|T2P1=Kim Il-soon \|T2P2=Kim Soo-ok \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Uruguay vs. Argentina {#uruguay_vs._argentina}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Fiorella Bonicelli \|1 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Gabriela Sabatini \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Fiorella Bonicelli \|T1P2=Silvana Casaretto \|1 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Mercedes Paz \|T2P2=Gabriela Sabatini \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Bulgaria vs. Soviet Union {#bulgaria_vs._soviet_union}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Manuela Maleeva \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Larisa Savchenko \|2 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Katerina Maleeva \|T1P2=Manuela Maleeva \|6 \|4 \|1 \|T2P1=Svetlana Cherneva \|T2P2=Larisa Savchenko \|1 \|6 \|6 }} }}
#### France vs. Sweden {#france_vs._sweden}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Catherine Tanvier \|4 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Catarina Lindqvist \|6 \|2 \|0 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Pascale Paradis \|T1P2=Nathalie Tauziat \|6 \|5 \|6 \|T2P1=Helena Dahlström \|T2P2=Monica Lundqvist \|3 \|7 \|2 }} }}
#### Brazil vs. Romania {#brazil_vs._romania}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Patricia Medrado \|3 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Daniela Moise \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Niege Dias \|T1P2=Patricia Medrado \|6 \|4 \|6 \|T2P1=Daniela Moise \|T2P2=Teodora Tache \|2 \|6 \|1 }} }}
#### Belgium vs. West Germany {#belgium_vs._west_germany}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ann Devries \|3 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Steffi Graf \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ann Devries \|T1P2=Sandra Wasserman \|1 \|5 \| \|T2P1=Steffi Graf \|T2P2=Claudia Kohde-Kilsch \|6 \|7 \| }} }}
#### Italy vs. New Zealand {#italy_vs._new_zealand}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Raffaella Reggi \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Belinda Cordwell \|3 \|4 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Sandra Cecchini \|T1P2=Raffaella Reggi \|3 \|3 \| \|T2P1=Belinda Cordwell \|T2P2=Julie Richardson \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Yugoslavia vs. Poland {#yugoslavia_vs._poland}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Sabrina Goleš \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Monika Waniek \|3 \|3 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Sabrina Goleš \|T1P2=Aila Winkler \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Monika Waniek \|T2P2=Renata Skrzypczyńska \|4 \|3 \| }} }}
#### Spain vs. Indonesia {#spain_vs._indonesia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Arantxa Sánchez Vicario \|7 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Suzanna Anggarkusuma \|6.015 \|3 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ana Almansa \|T1P2=Arantxa Sánchez Vicario \|5 \|4 \| \|T2P1=Suzanna Anggarkusuma \|T2P2=Yayuk Basuki \|7 \|6 \| }} }}
#### China vs. United States {#china_vs._united_states}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Li Xinyi \|1 \|0 \| \|T2P1=Martina Navratilova \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Duan Li-Lan \|T1P2=Pu Xin-Fen \|2 \|0 \| \|T2P1=Martina Navratilova \|T2P2=Pam Shriver \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
### Second round {#second_round}
#### Czechoslovakia vs. Switzerland {#czechoslovakia_vs._switzerland}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Hana Mandlíková \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Christiane Jolissaint \|4 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Andrea Holíková \|T1P2=Regina Maršíková \|6 \|1 \|9 \|T2P1=Céline Cohen \|T2P2=Christiane Jolissaint \|4 \|6 \|7 }} }}
#### Denmark vs. Australia {#denmark_vs._australia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Tine Scheuer-Larsen \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Elizabeth Smylie \|1 \|0 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Anne Møller \|T1P2=Tine Scheuer-Larsen \|2 \|7 \|1 \|T2P1=Elizabeth Smylie \|T2P2=Wendy Turnbull \|6 \|5 \|6 }} }}
#### Canada vs. Austria {#canada_vs._austria}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Carling Bassett \|6 \|3 \|4 \|T2P1=Petra Huber \|2 \|6 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Jill Hetherington \|T1P2=Jane Young \|2 \|6.045 \| \|T2P1=Petra Huber \|T2P2=Judith Wiesner \|6 \|7 \| }} }}
#### South Korea vs. Argentina {#south_korea_vs._argentina}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Kim Soo-ok \|5 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Gabriela Sabatini \|7 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Lee Jeong-soon \|T1P2=Park Jeom-re \|5 \|0 \| \|T2P1=Mercedes Paz \|T2P2=Gabriela Sabatini \|7 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Bulgaria vs. France {#bulgaria_vs._france}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Manuela Maleeva \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Catherine Tanvier \|0 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Yuliya Berberyan-Maleeva \|T1P2=Dora Rangelova \|3 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Isabelle Demongeot \|T2P2=Pascale Paradis \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Brazil vs. West Germany {#brazil_vs._west_germany}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Patricia Medrado \|0 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Steffi Graf \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Niege Dias \|T1P2=Patricia Medrado \|2 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Bettina Bunge \|T2P2=Steffi Graf \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Italy vs. Yugoslavia {#italy_vs._yugoslavia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Raffaella Reggi \|6 \|7 \| \|T2P1=Sabrina Goleš \|4 \|5 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Laura Garrone \|T1P2=Raffaella Reggi \|6 \|6.035 \|3 \|T2P1=Sabrina Goleš \|T2P2=Aila Winkler \|3 \|7 \|6 }} }}
#### Spain vs. United States {#spain_vs._united_states}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Arantxa Sánchez Vicario \|3 \|0 \| \|T2P1=Martina Navratilova \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ana Almansa \|T1P2=María José Llorca \|0 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Martina Navratilova \|T2P2=Pam Shriver \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
### Quarterfinals
#### Czechoslovakia vs. Australia {#czechoslovakia_vs._australia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Hana Mandlíková \|6 \|3 \|6 \|T2P1=Wendy Turnbull \|1 \|6 \|1 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Andrea Holíková \|T1P2=Regina Maršíková \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Elizabeth Smylie \|T2P2=Janine Tremelling \|4 \|3 \| }} }}
#### Austria vs. Argentina {#austria_vs._argentina}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Petra Huber \|2 \|7 \|4 \|T2P1=Gabriela Sabatini \|6 \|5 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Petra Huber \|T1P2=Judith Wiesner \|1 \|3 \| \|T2P1=Mercedes Paz \|T2P2=Gabriela Sabatini \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Bulgaria vs. West Germany {#bulgaria_vs._west_germany}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Manuela Maleeva \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Claudia Kohde-Kilsch \|4 \|2 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Katerina Maleeva \|T1P2=Manuela Maleeva \|4 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Bettina Bunge \|T2P2=Claudia Kohde-Kilsch \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Italy vs. United States {#italy_vs._united_states}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Raffaella Reggi \|2 \|4 \| \|T2P1=Martina Navratilova \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Laura Garrone \|T1P2=Raffaella Reggi \|3 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Martina Navratilova \|T2P2=Pam Shriver \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
| 1,058 |
1986 Federation Cup (tennis)
| 1 |
10,995,846 |
# 1986 Federation Cup (tennis)
## Main draw {#main_draw}
### Semifinals
#### Czechoslovakia vs. Argentina {#czechoslovakia_vs._argentina}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Hana Mandlíková-Sedlakova \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Gabriela Sabatini \|2 \|4 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Andrea Holíková \|T1P2=Regina Maršíková \|7 \|2 \|2 \|T2P1=Mercedes Paz \|T2P2=Gabriela Sabatini \|6.045 \|6 \|6 }} }}
#### West Germany vs. United States {#west_germany_vs._united_states}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Claudia Kohde-Kilsch \|1 \|4 \| \|T2P1=Martina Navratilova \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Bettina Bunge \|T1P2=Claudia Porwik \|2 \|3 \| \|T2P1=Martina Navratilova \|T2P2=Pam Shriver \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
### Final
#### Czechoslovakia vs. United States {#czechoslovakia_vs._united_states}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Hana Mandlíková \|5 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Martina Navratilova \|7 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Hana Mandlíková \|T1P2=Helena Suková \|4 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Martina Navratilova \|T2P2=Pam Shriver \|6 \|6 \| }} }} `{{winners-other|1986 Federation Cup Champions|United States|United States|Twelfth}}`{=mediawiki}
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10,995,846 |
# 1986 Federation Cup (tennis)
## Consolation rounds {#consolation_rounds}
### Draw
### First round {#first_round_1}
#### Chile vs. Romania {#chile_vs._romania}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Paulina Sepúlveda \|5 \|4 \| \|T2P1=Daniela Moise \|7 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Macarena Miranda \|T1P2=Natalie Rodríguez \|3 \|4 \| \|T2P1=Daniela Moise \|T2P2=Teodora Tache \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Norway vs. Ireland {#norway_vs._ireland}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Amy Jönsson Raaholt \|3 \|6 \|4 \|T2P1=Jennifer Thornton \|6 \|3 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Amy Jönsson Raaholt \|T1P2=Astrid Sunde \|4 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Siobhán Nicholson \|T2P2=Lesley O\'Halloran \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Philippines vs. China {#philippines_vs._china}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Dyan Castillejo \|7 \|2 \|4 \|T2P1=Li Xinyi \|5 \|6 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Dyan Castillejo \|T1P2=Jennifer Saberon \|3 \|0 \| \|T2P1=Duan Li-Lan \|T2P2=Pu Xin-Fen \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Luxembourg vs. Mexico {#luxembourg_vs._mexico}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Karin Kschwendt \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Claudia Hernández \|3 \|4 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ginette Huberty \|T1P2=Pascale Welter \|3 \|6.025 \| \|T2P1=Zarina Galván \|T2P2=Claudia Hernández \|6 \|7 \| }} }}
#### Poland vs. Hungary {#poland_vs._hungary}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Monika Waniek \|2 \|3 \| \|T2P1=Csilla Cserépy \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Monika Waniek \|T1P2=Ewa Zerdecka \|4 \|0 \| \|T2P1=Csilla Cserépy \|T2P2=Réka Szikszay \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Uruguay vs. Chinese Taipei {#uruguay_vs._chinese_taipei}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Fiorella Bonicelli \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Ho Chiu-mei \|4 \|0 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Fiorella Bonicelli \|T1P2=Silvana Casaretto \|6 \|4 \|6 \|T2P1=Lai Su-jen \|T2P2=Lai Su-lin \|4 \|6 \|1 }} }}
#### Belgium vs. Egypt {#belgium_vs._egypt}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ann Devries \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Anjy Fahmy \|2 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ann Devries \|T1P2=Sandra Wasserman \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Anjy Fahmy \|T2P2=Nahla Mohammed \|0 \|0 \| }} }}
#### Malta vs. Indonesia {#malta_vs._indonesia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Carol Cassar-Torreggiani \|0 \|3 \| \|T2P1=Suzanna Anggarkusuma \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Katherine Camilleri \|T1P2=Alexia Gera \|6 \|2 \|7 \|T2P1=Suzanna Anggarkusuma \|T2P2=Sri Utaminingsih \|3 \|6 \|5 }} }}
#### Israel vs. Finland {#israel_vs._finland}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ilana Berger \|1 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Petra Thorén \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ilana Berger \|T1P2=Dalia Koriat \|6 \|4 \|2 \|T2P1=Maija Suonpää \|T2P2=Petra Thorén \|3 \|6 \|6 }} }}
### Second round {#second_round_1}
#### Soviet Union vs. Romania {#soviet_union_vs._romania}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Larisa Savchenko \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Daniela Moise \|1 \|3 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Svetlana Cherneva \|T1P2=Natasha Zvereva \|6 \|7 \| \|T2P1=Daniela Moise \|T2P2=Teodora Tache \|3 \|6.00 \| }} }}
#### Greece vs. Ireland {#greece_vs._ireland}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Angeliki Kanellopoulou \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Lesley O\'Halloran \|3 \|3 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Xenia Anastasiados \|T1P2=Angeliki Kanellopoulou \|1 \|7 \|6 \|T2P1=Rhona Howett \|T2P2=Lesley O\'Halloran \|6 \|6.025 \|3 }} }}
#### Japan vs. China {#japan_vs._china}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Etsuko Inoue \|2 \|4 \| \|T2P1=Li Xinyi \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Etsuko Inoue \|T1P2=Masako Yanagi \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Duan Li-Lan \|T2P2=Pu Xin-Fen \|4 \|3 \| }} }}
#### Netherlands vs. Luxembourg {#netherlands_vs._luxembourg}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Nanette Schutte \|4 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Karin Kschwendt \|6 \|4 \|3 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Hellas ter Riet \|T1P2=Marianne van der Torre \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Ginette Huberty \|T2P2=Karin Kschwendt \|3 \|1 \| }} }}
#### Hungary vs. Uruguay {#hungary_vs._uruguay}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Csilla Cserépy \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Fiorella Bonicelli \|0 \|3 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Csilla Cserépy \|T1P2=Réka Szikszay \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Fiorella Bonicelli \|T2P2=Silvana Casaretto \|1 \|1 \| }} }}
#### Belgium vs. Sweden {#belgium_vs._sweden}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ann Devries \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Helena Dahlström \|4 \|2 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ann Devries \|T1P2=Sandra Wasserman \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Helena Dahlström \|T2P2=Monica Lundqvist \|4 \|2 \| }} }}
#### Indonesia vs. New Zealand {#indonesia_vs._new_zealand}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Suzanna Anggarkusuma \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Belinda Cordwell \|3 \|3 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Yayuk Basuki \|T1P2=Sri Utaminingsih \|6.035 \|6.075 \| \|T2P1=Belinda Cordwell \|T2P2=Julie Richardson \|7 \|7 \| }} }}
#### Finland vs. Great Britain {#finland_vs._great_britain}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Petra Thorén \|4 \|6 \|4 \|T2P1=Annabel Croft \|6 \|3 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Maija Suonpää \|T1P2=Petra Thorén \|0 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Annabel Croft \|T2P2=Anne Hobbs \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
### Quarterfinals {#quarterfinals_1}
#### Soviet Union vs. Greece {#soviet_union_vs._greece}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Larisa Savchenko \|6 \|7 \| \|T2P1=Angeliki Kanellopoulou \|2 \|5 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Svetlana Cherneva \|T1P2=Larisa Savchenko \|5 \| \| \|T2P1=Angeliki Kanellopoulou \|T2P2=Olga Tsarbopoulou \|0 \| \|re2=1 }} }}
#### Japan vs. Netherlands {#japan_vs._netherlands}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Etsuko Inoue \|2 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Marianne van der Torre \|6 \|3 \|2 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Etsuko Inoue \|T1P2=Masako Yanagi \|4 \|3 \| \|T2P1=Hellas ter Riet \|T2P2=Marianne van der Torre \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Hungary vs. Belgium {#hungary_vs._belgium}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Csilla Cserépy \|6 \|1 \|6 \|T2P1=Ann Devries \|1 \|6 \|1 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Csilla Cserépy \|T1P2=Réka Szikszay \|4 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Ann Devries \|T2P2=Sandra Wasserman \|6 \|1 \|0 }} }}
#### Indonesia vs. Great Britain {#indonesia_vs._great_britain}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Suzanna Anggarkusuma \|2 \|6 \|2 \|T2P1=Annabel Croft \|6 \|2 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Suzanna Anggarkusuma \|T1P2=Yayuk Basuki \|2 \|6 \|2 \|T2P1=Annabel Croft \|T2P2=Anne Hobbs \|6 \|4 \|6 }} }}
### Semifinals {#semifinals_1}
#### Soviet Union vs. Netherlands {#soviet_union_vs._netherlands}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Larisa Savchenko \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Marianne van der Torre \|1 \|0 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Svetlana Cherneva \|T1P2=Larisa Savchenko \|6.065 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Hellas ter Riet \|T2P2=Marianne van der Torre \|7 \|1 \|1 }} }}
#### Hungary vs. Great Britain {#hungary_vs._great_britain}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Csilla Cserépy \|4 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Annabel Croft \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Csilla Cserépy \|T1P2=Réka Szikszay \|1 \| \| \|T2P1=Annabel Croft \|T2P2=Anne Hobbs \|2 \| \|re1=1 }} }}
| 876 |
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| 3 |
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# 1986 Federation Cup (tennis)
## Consolation rounds {#consolation_rounds}
### Final {#final_1}
#### Soviet Union vs. Great Britain {#soviet_union_vs
| 19 |
1986 Federation Cup (tennis)
| 4 |
10,995,855 |
# Ireland national baseball team
The **Ireland national baseball team** has been in existence since 1996 and has taken part in several major baseball tournaments and tours. As in many other sports in Ireland, the team represents both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.
## History
The Ireland national baseball team has participated in the following tournaments:
- 1996 -- European Pool B Championships -- Hull, United Kingdom
- 1998 -- European Pool B Championships -- Vienna and Stockerau, Austria
- 2000 -- European Pool B Championships -- Karlovac, Croatia
- 2001 -- Team tour of New England, United States
- 2002 -- European Pool B Championships -- Stockholm, Sweden
- 2004 -- European Pool B Championships -- Regensberg,Germany
- 2005 -- Team tour of Orange County area in Los Angeles, United States
- 2006 -- European Pool B Championships -- Antwerp, Belgium
- 2008 -- European Pool B Championships -- Abrantes, Portugal
- 2010 -- Team tour of New England, United States
- 2014 -- European Pool C Championships -- Ljubljana, Slovenia
- 2016 -- European Pool C Championships -- Ljubljana, Slovenia
- 2018 -- European Pool C Championships -- Ashbourne, County Meath, Ireland
- 2019 -- European Pool B Championships -- Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
- 2022 -- European Pool B Championships -- Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
- 2024 -- European Pool B Championships -- Ashbourne, County Meath, Ireland
Ireland finished fourth in the 2002 tournament, won a bronze in the 2004 tournament and managed a silver medal in the 2006 tournament, losing to tournament favourites Croatia.
Ireland won the C pool in 2018, advancing to the B pool of competition in 2019. The competition was played at the International Baseball Centre in County Meath.
In 2024, Ireland made the final of the B pool qualifiers, which were again hosted in Ireland, eventually losing to Austria.
## Roster
Ireland\'s roster for the 2024 European Baseball Championship Qualifier, the last official competition in which the team took part
| 326 |
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| 0 |
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# Prostaglandin E synthase
**Prostaglandin E synthase** (`{{EnzExplorer|5.3.99.3}}`{=mediawiki}, or **PGE synthase**) is an enzyme involved in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism, a member of MAPEG family. It generates prostaglandin E (PGE) from prostaglandin H2.
The synthase generating PGE2 is a membrane-associated protein.
## Isozymes
Humans express three prostaglandin-E synthase isozymes, each encoded by a separate gene:
----------- ------------------------------------------- ---------- -------- -------- ------------- -------------- -------------------- ----------------- ------------- ------------------ ---------------- ------ ----------- -------------- ------- ----------- ---------------------------- ----------- --------------------------------------------- ---------- -------- -------- -------------- --------------- -------------------- ------------------ ------------- ------------------ ---------------- ------ ----------- -------------- ------- ------------ ---------------------------- ----------- -------------------------------------------- ---------- -------- -------- -------------- --------------- ----------------------------- ------------------ ------------- ------------------ ---------------- ------ ----------- --------------- ------- ------------ ----------------------------
{{protein prostaglandin E synthase\]\] (microsomal) caption= image= width= HGNCid=9599 Symbol=PTGES AltSymbols=MGST1L1 EntrezGene=9536 OMIM=605172 RefSeq=NM_004878 UniProt=O14684 PDB= ECnumber= Chromosome=9 Arm=q Band=34.3 LocusSupplementaryData= }} {{protein prostaglandin E synthase 2\]\] (microsomal) caption= image= width= HGNCid=17822 Symbol=PTGES2 AltSymbols=C9orf15 EntrezGene=80142 OMIM=608152 RefSeq=NM_198939 UniProt=Q9H7Z7 PDB= ECnumber= Chromosome=9 Arm=q Band=34.12 LocusSupplementaryData= }} {{protein prostaglandin E synthase 3\]\] (cytosolic) caption= image= width= HGNCid=16049 Symbol=PTGES3 AltSymbols=p23, TEBP, cPGES EntrezGene=10728 OMIM=607061 RefSeq=NM_006601 UniProt=Q15185 PDB= ECnumber= Chromosome=12 Arm=q Band=13
| 177 |
Prostaglandin E synthase
| 0 |
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# The Money Trap
Money Trap}} `{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox film
| name = The Money Trap
| image = Poster of the movie The Money Trap.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Burt Kennedy]]
| producer = {{ubl|[[David Karr]]|[[Max E. Youngstein]]}}
| writer = {{ubl|[[Lionel White]] (novel)|[[Walter Bernstein]]}}
| narrator =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Glenn Ford]]|[[Elke Sommer]]|[[Rita Hayworth]]|[[Joseph Cotten]]}}
| music = [[Hal Schaefer]]
| cinematography = [[Paul C. Vogel]]
| editing = John McSweeney, Jr.
| distributor = [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM)]]
| released = {{Film date|1965}}
| runtime = 91 mins.
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget =
| gross =
}}`{=mediawiki} ***The Money Trap*** is a 1965 American crime drama film directed by Burt Kennedy, written by Walter Bernstein based on the novel of the same name by Lionel White, and starring Glenn Ford, Elke Sommer, and Rita Hayworth.The supporting cast features Ricardo Montalbán, Joseph Cotten, and James Mitchum.
## Plot
Joe Baron (Glenn Ford), an underpaid police detective, lives a life of luxury. His wife Lisa (Elke Sommer) is not only young and beautiful. She\'s rich. But when their stock dividends drop in value, Joe finds himself in need of liquid cash. After all, Lisa is unwilling to lower her standard of living. The next day, Joe and his partner Pete (Ricardo Montalbán) are ordered to investigate a rich GP, Dr. Van Tilden (Joseph Cotten), who claims he shot an intruder, Phil Kenny (Than Wyenn), in his home. While investigating, Joe and Pete examine a wall safe on Van Tilden\'s second floor. They also find Kenny lying nearby, still breathing. Joe rides in the ambulance with Kenny, who confesses he was after two bags of cash containing \$500,000. He then gives Joe the safe\'s combination before dying.
That evening, Joe, who is secretly shadowed by Pete, visits Kenny\'s wife, Rosalie (Rita Hayworth), a bar waitress. Coincidentally, she is also one of Joe\'s ex-flames. She validates Kenny\'s claim that he was after the \$500,000. Joe gives her old friend some money and recommends that she leave town. Her failure to do so leads to her death later on. But in the meantime, partner Pete tells Joe he \"wants in.\" Joe agrees, and together they devise a plan to steal Van Tilden\'s cash. Later, to their surprise, Van Tilden expresses a desire to see them. He tells them of feeling guilty over Kenny\'s death. To distance himself from the tragedy, he\'s flying to Acapulco. Afterwards, Pete verifies this claim with the airport.
That night, Joe and Pete break into Van Tilden\'s house and raid the wall safe. Then, Murphy\'s law goes mercilessly into effect. Van Tilden, who never took a flight anywhere, is lying in wait with a henchman, Matthews. They spring their deadly trap, wounding Pete seriously. But Joe incapacitates them and helps Pete into his car. They both wind up at Joe\'s home. As Lisa frets over Pete\'s condition, the two detectives examine their take and discover one bag containing heroin. Pete\'s wound is life-threatening. So Joe phones Van Tilden, negotiating medical care for Pete in exchange for the drugs. The doctor accepts. A short time later, he arrives at Joe\'s residence. Yet even after treatment, Pete dies. Still, to fulfill the agreement, Joe must give up the heroin. Then Matthews shows up, and this leads to a violent series of events. The only survivor is a wounded Joe. Seeing him, Lisa phones an ambulance. But Joe orders her to call the police. He takes one last look at his luxurious surroundings, as his wife notifies the authorities.
## Cast
- Glenn Ford as Joe Baron
- Elke Sommer as Lisa
- Rita Hayworth as Rosalie
- Ricardo Montalbán as Pete Delanos
- Joseph Cotten as Dr. Van Tilden
- James Mitchum as Detective Wolski
- Tom Reese as Matthews
- Fred Essler as Mr
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# Joseph Toscano
**Dr Joseph Toscano** (born 1951) is a medical practitioner, a broadcaster and an anarchist who lives in Melbourne, Australia. He has become widely known as an anarchist spokesperson for the *Anarchist Media Institute* through his broadcasting on community radio, his frequent letters to newspapers such as *The Age* and *Herald Sun* and his initiation of community campaigns. He was married to the artist Ellen José until her death in 2017.
He was educated in Brisbane at the University of Queensland where he acquired his Bachelor of Medicine/Surgery, then his doctoral degree from University of Melbourne. When he moved to Melbourne in 1977 Dr Toscano established an activist group called the *Libertarian Workers for a Self-Managed Society*.
Dr Toscano has presented the long running *Anarchist World this week* program on 3CR since 1977, which is also rebroadcast to community radio stations around Australia through the Community Radio Satellite managed by Community Broadcasting Association of Australia (CBAA). A talk back show with Joe Toscano is also a popular 3CR program. A weekly newsletter, the *Anarchist Age Weekly Review* has been compiled by Joe Toscano since 1991 and distributed around the world.
## Anarchist Centenary Celebrations {#anarchist_centenary_celebrations}
The Australian Anarchist Centenary Celebrations in Melbourne from 1--4 May 1986 were used by some anarchists to rebuff the negative connotations placed on the word \"anarchy\". Dr Joseph Toscano told a reporter from the Sun \"Anarchy is a bogey word: we are coming out of the closet, as it were, to show that we do not have horns or tails. We are simply Australians who have a different philosophy of life. We don\'t believe in Big Government: in fact, we don\'t believe in government at all. Government, any government is based on violence and power. If you don\'t believe it, just look at your headlines over the past few weeks. Anarchy doesn\'t mean bombs in the street or supersonic bomber raids, it means \'without rulers\'. Anarchy means voluntary co-operation and self-management, equality, shared economic decision making.\"
The Centenary celebrations included a May Day march on 1 May of about 400 people, including several large puppets and a number of anarchists from around the world. Over the weekend several events occurred including an anarchist film festival, banner, poster and historical displays, a two-day conference held at RMIT and Melbourne University, and a picnic in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne.
After the Anarchist Centenary Celebrations the *Anarchist Media Institute* was established by Dr Toscano and other Melbourne anarchists to increase the media profile of anarchists and correct bias and misconceptions about anarchism in the media.
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# Joseph Toscano
## Campaigns
### Display of Skulls in the Old Melbourne Gaol {#display_of_skulls_in_the_old_melbourne_gaol}
In September 1997, the Anarchist Media Institute demanded the removal from public display of the skulls of two women in the Old Melbourne Gaol, part of a phrenology display by the National Trust of Australia. The skulls were from two women, Frances Knorr and Martha Needle, both executed by hanging in 1894 for murderous crimes. The skulls had been on display for 20 years. Descendants of the two women had been originally consulted about the exhibition and were happy with the display.
Joseph Toscano said the display was macabre, outdated and intrusive and asked why plastic replicas could not be used instead. Ms Diane Gardiner, the public programs manager said the museum had no intention to remove the skulls from display. However, the following February the skulls were removed from display with Joseph Toscano saying that they should finally be accorded a proper burial. Diane Gardiner denied the skulls removal was due to any pressure.
### Friends of OUR ABC {#friends_of_our_abc}
During 2000, Joseph Toscano formed a lobby group, Friends of OUR ABC, to agitate against commercialisation and privatisation of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation In November he was elected unopposed to the Friends of the ABC management committee.
### Reclaim the Radical Spirit of the Eureka Rebellion {#reclaim_the_radical_spirit_of_the_eureka_rebellion}
In 2002, Dr Toscano initiated a commemoration of the Eureka Stockade on its anniversary date - 3 December.
The following year he was special guest of the 2003 Dawn Lantern Walk, and honoured as the occasion\'s Leading Light. Speaking on ABC Radio Ballarat about the *Reclaim the Radical Spirit of Eureka* events he said \"We\'re quite concerned with the 150th anniversary celebrations coming up that people see this as an historical event which has no relationships to the type of society we are today,\" he said. \"We\'re also concerned that it will become some type of sideshow which is basically just there for business, and the radical nature of the rebellion itself will be forgotten.\"
The Eureka 150 Democracy Conference in 2004 held at the University of Ballarat, which charged \$600 per head admission, attracted an alternative democracy conference outside attended by Toscano. Graeme Dunstan, one of the participants in the alternative conference, said \"We are here to bear witness to the fact that not only has the university been corporatised, no longer accessible to the poor, but it looks like democracy has been corporatised too,\"
The debate about the significance of Eureka surfaced at the 150th anniversary commemoration in 2004. Prime Minister John Howard said about Eureka \"it\'s part of the Australian story, not quite the big part that some people give it, but equally a significant part.\" Premier Steve Bracks replied \"The reality is, put that aside, put that aside about whether it\'s a left movement, a centre movement, a right movement, I think the reality is it\'s a move for democracy, and that was a key.\" Dr Joe Toscano brought up the role of the police at Eureka and called on the Victoria Police to apologise for the massacre that took place after the battle was over.
### Defend and Extend Medicare {#defend_and_extend_medicare}
During mid-2003, there was increasing concern over the reduction in Medicare bulk billing rates according to surveys of voters. Starting in May 2003, Dr Joe Toscano initiated a community campaign to Defend and Extend Medicare through a series of community meetings and rallies and electorate based local groups.
The Defend and Extend Medicare campaign was accused of having an anarchist agenda by the Minister of Health, Tony Abbott in December 2003. \"This is a classic unity ticket. Classic rent-a-crowd,\" Mr Abbott told the Herald Sun. \"These people are foisting a form of false advertising on the Australian public by pretending to be grass-roots community activists when they are the dribs and drabs of the extreme Left.\" The paper was briefed by \"A senior intelligence official\" about the activities of DEMG. Ministerial Officers had prepared a report on DEMG for the minister, which the Herald Sun had \"obtained\".
The following day, 6 December, the Herald Sun published the ministerial briefing notes on 8 Defend and Extend Medicare Activists, including Dr Joeseph Toscano. The Victorian Trades Hall Council called on the ALP to probe claims that Mr Abbott possessed such a report on the group, some of whose members are doctors and trade unionists. Subsequently, Labor\'s homeland affairs spokesman, Robert McClelland, referred the matter to Bill Blick, Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security, to investigate whether the Federal Government used police and intelligence agencies to discredit a campaign to defend Medicare. A spokeswoman for Mr Abbott agreed that an internal report had been compiled on the Defend and Extend Medicare group but dismissed any suggestion of improper behaviour on the part of health officials or the minister.
### Case of Robert Thomas {#case_of_robert_thomas}
In 2003, Toscano took up the case of Robert Thomas, an anaesthetic technician, after he was sentenced to 18 months jail and 300 strokes of the cane on theft-related charges in Saudi Arabia. When Mr Thomas\'s wife refused to confess to theft charges, the Saudi judge charged him with the crime of being aware of the theft. Dr Toscano accused the Australian Government of \"sitting on its hands\". A spokesman for Foreign Minister Alexander Downer denied the claim saying it was a matter for the department.
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# Joseph Toscano
## Campaigns
### Election Campaigns {#election_campaigns}
Dr Toscano has stood as an independent candidate for the Senate on several occasions since 1977. Although not enrolled to vote, through a quirk in the electoral laws he is allowed to stand as a candidate. After the 2001 election, he claimed an examination of the informal vote had shown that the number of Australians who have voted informal has increased by nearly thirty percent, and the informal vote in the Victorian Senate election has increased by nearly 100%.
For the 2004 election, Joseph Toscano and Steve Reghenzani ran as a Senate candidate team on a Don\'t Vote or vote informal platform. Dr Toscano said \"We\'re encouraging people to vote informal if they don\'t believe in the system,\" he said. \"Real power (in the present system) doesn\'t lie in Parliament - it lies in the boardrooms of national and transnational corporations. That\'s why many of the policies of both political parties are very similar.\"
Joseph Toscano and Jude Pierce stood as Senate candidates for Victoria in the 2007 Australian federal election. Their platform was based on \"Direct Democracy not Parliamentary Rule\" and included giving electors the Power of Recall where voters can petition to recall \"non-performing\" MPs and Citizen Initiated Referendum.
Toscano received 0.78 percent of the vote at the 2009 Higgins by-election.
In 2010, Toscano ran as part of the \"Group B Independents\" Victorian Senate ticket. The ticket received 3,906 Primary votes and 6,981 votes after Preferences.
He ran as an independent candidate at the 2012 Melbourne state by-election, receiving 0.75% of the vote.
In August 2013, Toscano nominated as a candidate for the Senate in the Commonwealth election. The election was held on 7 September 2013.
### Electoral history {#electoral_history}
Election Party Seat Votes \%
---------------------------------- ----------------------- ------------------- ------- ------
1990 Australian federal election Independent Senate (Victoria) 216 0.0
1993 Australian federal election Independent (Group K) Senate (Victoria) 199 0.0
1996 Australian federal election Independent (Group J) Senate (Victoria) 2,038 0.1
1998 Australian federal election Independent (Group B) Senate (Victoria) 2,205 0.1
2001 Australian federal election Independent (Group E) Senate (Victoria) 1,391 0.05
2004 Australian federal election Independent (Group K) Senate (Victoria) 3,418 0.11
2007 Australian federal election Independent (Group I) Senate (Victoria) 5,695 0.18
2008 City of Melbourne election Independent Lord mayor 815 1.41
2009 Higgins by-election Independent Higgins 523 0.78
2010 Australian federal election Independent (Group B) Senate (Victoria) 3,906 0.12
2012 Melbourne state by-election Independent Melbourne 208 0.74
2012 City of Melbourne election Independent Lord mayor 1,059 1.70
2013 Australian federal election Independent (Group T) Senate (Victoria) 1,637 0.05
2014 Victorian state election Independent Frankston 140 0.4
2017 Northcote state by-election Independent Northcote 331 0.9
2022 Victorian state election Independent Mulgrave 155 0
| 457 |
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| 2 |
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# Charles Towne Square
**Charles Towne Square** was an indoor shopping mall located in North Charleston, South Carolina opened in 1976 by developer Melvin Simon & Associates. It was most noted for its large \"town square\" style clock and children\'s train ride during Christmas time. The mall\'s tenants included original anchors Montgomery Ward, JCPenney and Edward\'s, a local department store which would later be sold to Kuhn\'s-Big K and renamed \"Big K-Edwards.\" Big K-Edwards closed and Wilson\'s Catalog Showrooms moved into the space. The Wilson\'s chain was later sold to Service Merchandise. In addition to the mall\'s anchors, the shopping complex also featured approximately 75 specialty stores and a General Cinemas. The mall opened with great fanfare in 1976 with a Charlestonian bi-centennial theme. Television celebrity Ed McMahon led the festivities, complete with American Revolutionary War-era costumes. Other special guests included World War II soldier Mark Clark, football player Rosey Grier, and Claude Akins.
## The mall\'s demise {#the_malls_demise}
Changing economic conditions spurred by the closure of the nearby Charleston Naval Base prompted anchor JCPenney to relocate to the larger Northwoods Mall in the early 1990s followed by the exit of Service Merchandise. The mall never recovered from these moves and most specialty stores ultimately left the mall. Plans were announced in 1997 to raze the mall, with the exception of the still operating Montgomery Ward, and replace it with a number of big box retailers connected to the existing Montgomery Ward and surrounded by a few smaller shops. The mall was demolished and an 18-screen Regal Cinemas was added along with a Courtyard by Marriott hotel; however, plans for the big box retailers and other shops never materialized.
The subsequent bankruptcy of Montgomery Ward in 2000 also dealt the project a final blow. The store ultimately closed in 2001 and was later converted to office space, with Montgomery Ward\'s free-standing auto center converted to an art gallery that relocated from inside the mall and later would become a restaurant and daycare. The only remaining original tenant from its days as a mall, Piccadilly Cafeterias, which opened in 1976 with the mall and relocated to a newly constructed building on an outparcel at the mall after the mall was demolished, closed suddenly on July 22, 2012, and the building was sold to Cowboy Brazilian Steakhouse. The former mall site has been redeveloped as an office complex, with a Verizon Wireless call center operating in the former Ward\'s building and a new multi-story office tower near Piccadilly which houses the new City Hall for the City of North Charleston.
The main road where the mall was located is still is called Mall Drive.
The mall\'s large \"town square\" style clock was donated to the City of North Charleston upon the mall\'s closing and placed in storage. It was recently refurbished and added to the food court of the nearby newly opened Tanger Outlet Center.
In April 2019, the 18-screen Regal Cinemas was proposed to be demolished for a 300 residential unit complex. As of February 2020, the demolition has wrapped up and the site of the cinema is being prepared for redevelopment
| 521 |
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| 0 |
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# Korey Hall
**Korey Dean Hall** (born August 5, 1983) is an American former professional football fullback in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Green Bay Packers in the sixth round in the 2007 NFL draft, the 191st overall pick, and went on to win Super Bowl XLV with the team over the Pittsburgh Steelers. He played college football for Boise State and high school football in Glenns Ferry, Idaho.
Hall was also a member of the New Orleans Saints and Arizona Cardinals.
## Early life {#early_life}
Born in Mountain Home, Idaho, Hall grew up in nearby Glenns Ferry and played high school football at Glenns Ferry High School in Idaho. He played both linebacker and running back for the Pilots and was named the Class 2A Player of the Year in 2001.
## College career {#college_career}
Hall played at Boise State University where he was a three-time 1st team All-Western Athletic Conference (WAC) linebacker and two-time WAC Special Teams player of the year and WAC Defensive player of the year. He majored in construction management while at Boise State.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
### Green Bay Packers {#green_bay_packers}
Hall was selected by the Green Bay Packers in the sixth round of the 2007 NFL draft, the 191st overall pick. The Packers moved him to fullback with the hope that he would make an impact on special teams.
Hall scored his first and only NFL touchdown on a one-yard pass from quarterback Aaron Rodgers on September 8, 2008, in a Monday night game against the Minnesota Vikings. It was Rodgers\' first career touchdown as a starter in the NFL.
During Hall\'s fourth and final season in Green Bay, the Packers made the playoffs as a wild card team and won four straight games on the road, including Super Bowl XLV. He had one reception for two yards in the Super Bowl.
### New Orleans Saints {#new_orleans_saints}
On July 29, 2011, Hall joined the New Orleans Saints.
### Arizona Cardinals {#arizona_cardinals}
Hall signed with the Arizona Cardinals on September 25, 2012. However, three days later, he was moved to the reserve/retired list.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Hall is now a construction manager in Boise, Idaho
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10,995,945 |
# In Glorious Times
***In Glorious Times*** is the third studio album by avant-rock/metal band Sleepytime Gorilla Museum. The album was released on May 29, 2007.
About the album, The End Records has stated: `{{Cquote|Rock-against-Rock pioneers Sleepytime Gorilla Museum celebrate the extremes of sonic debilitation, with this muffled cry into the dark night of the soul. Triumphantly smothered within the intricate stylings of musical evolution, the expansive world of literature and the pain and passion of one’s emotions, the [[Oakland, California]]-based band have once again imbedded themselves deep in the creative process, allowing themselves to reach new plateaus on their latest album ‘In Glorious Times.’<ref name="endrecords-2">[http://www.theendrecords.com/label/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=851&Itemid=49] {{dead link|date=May 2025}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki}
Drums are performed by Matthias Bossi, replacing Frank Grau. Bossi also performs on the Museum\'s subsequent \"reunion\" album, \'Of The Last Human Being\'.
## Song information {#song_information}
### Helpless Corpses Enactment {#helpless_corpses_enactment}
Prior to the album\'s release, the track \"Helpless Corpses Enactment\" was made available for download. On May 22, 2007, one week before the album\'s release, a video for the same song was also released. It was directed by Adam Feinstein.
The lyrics for \"Helpless Corpses Enactment\" are taken from the book *Finnegans Wake* by James Joyce.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
## Personnel
The instruments listed here are as they appear in the booklet of the cd.
- Matthias Bossi: drums, piano, glockenspiel, xylophone
- Michael Iago Mellender: percussion, trumpet, guitar, Lever-action lever, Vatican, Valhalla, xylophone, toy piano, Tangularium, Electric Pancreas
- Carla Kihlstedt: violin, Percussion-guitar, bass harmonica, nyckelharpa
- Nils Frykdahl: guitar, Percussion-guitar
- Dan Rathbun: bass, Sledgehammer-dulcimer, Thing
All sing
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| 0 |
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# John G. White (biologist)
John White}} `{{EngvarB|date=July 2017}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox scientist
| name = John White
| birth_name = John Graham White
| image = <!--(as myimage.jpg, no 'File:')-->
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS|size=100}}
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1943}}<ref name="wormbook"/>
| birth_place = [[Wales]]
| death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date) -->
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} -->
| residence =
| citizenship =
| nationality =
| fields = {{Plainlist|
* [[Neuroanatomy]]
* [[Connectome|Connectomics]]
* [[Biophotonics]]
* [[Cell division]]<ref name="jgw"/>}}
| workplaces = {{Plainlist|
* [[University of Cambridge]]
* [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]]
* [[Laboratory of Molecular Biology]]
* [[National Institute for Medical Research]]<ref name="wormbook"/>}}
| alma_mater = {{Plainlist|
* [[Brunel University]] (BSc)<ref name="wormbook"/>
* [[University of Cambridge]] (PhD)}}
| thesis_title = Computer aided reconstruction of the nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans
| thesis_url = http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233920
| thesis_year = 1975
| doctoral_advisor = [[Sydney Brenner]]
| academic_advisors =
| doctoral_students = [[Richard M. Durbin|Richard Durbin]]<ref name="durbinphd">{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Richard Michael|last=Durbin |title=Studies on the development and organisation of the nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans |publisher=University of Cambridge |year=1987 |url=https://idiscover.lib.cam.ac.uk/permalink/f/16u99e0/44CAM_ALMA21431241350003606|id={{EThOS|uk.bl.ethos.233920}}|authorlink=Richard M. Durbin}}</ref>
| notable_students = {{Plainlist|
* [[Julie Ahringer]]<ref name=ahringer>{{Cite journal
| doi = 10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00985-1
| last1 = Malone | first1 = C. J.
| last2 = Misner | first2 = L.
| last3 = Le Bot | first3 = N.
| last4 = Tsai | first4 = M. C.
| last5 = Campbell | first5 = J. M.
| last6 = Ahringer | first6 = J.
| last7 = White | first7 = J. G.
| title = The C. Elegans hook protein, ZYG-12, mediates the essential attachment between the centrosome and nucleus
| journal = Cell
| volume = 115
| issue = 7
| pages = 825–836
| year = 2003
| pmid = 14697201
| s2cid = 2605372 | doi-access = free
}}</ref>
* [[Anthony A. Hyman|Tony Hyman]]<ref name=hyman>{{cite web | url=https://www.mpi-cbg.de/research-groups/current-groups/anthony-hyman/group-leader/ | title=Anthony Hyman: Group Leader|website=mpi-cbg.de|author=Anon|year=2022|publisher=[[Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics]] }}</ref>}}
| known_for = Research using ''[[Caenorhabditis elegans]]''
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards = {{Plainlist|
* [[Mullard Award]] (1994)
* [[EMBO Member]] (1994)<ref name=membo/> }}
| signature = <!--(filename only)-->
| signature_alt =
| website = {{Official URL}}
| footnotes =
| spouse =
}}`{=mediawiki} **John Graham White** `{{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS}}`{=mediawiki} (born 1943) is an Emeritus Professor of Anatomy and Molecular Biology at the University of Wisconsin--Madison. His research interests are in the biology of the model organism *Caenorhabditis elegans* and laser microscopy.
## Education
White was educated at Brunel University, where he was awarded an undergraduate degree in Physics in 1969. He went on to study for his PhD at University of Cambridge in 1975 for work on computer-aided reconstruction of the nervous system of *Caenorhabditis elegans* supervised by Sydney Brenner.
| 486 |
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# John G. White (biologist)
## Research and career {#research_and_career}
After working at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, White moved to the University of Wisconsin--Madison in 1993. White\'s research investigates cell division in the nematode *Caenorhabditis elegans*. With collaborators Sydney Brenner, John Sulston and others, White co-developed confocal microscopy and mapped the complete nervous system of *Caenorhabditis elegans*, consisting of 302 neurons and over 7000 synapses. The study was published in 1986 by the *Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society*, and is considered`{{By whom|date=July 2016}}`{=mediawiki} to be the first work in the emerging field of connectomes. More recently his research used:
White identified the first gene with a demonstrated role in determining synaptic specificity. He studied the role of cell--cell interaction in determining the lineage pattern, stimulating a wide field of research. In more recent work, White and his co-workers partially confirmed his earlier model of cytokinesis; they discovered genes controlling cytokinesis and found features previously thought specific to plant cell division. Recognising the potentialities of laser-scanning confocal microscopy, White built a prototype microscope: with Brad Amos he developed this into a commercially produced instrument now widely used. His former doctoral students include Richard Durbin, other notable former students include Ahna Skop, Julie Ahringer and Tony Hyman.
### Awards and honours {#awards_and_honours}
White was the recipient of the Mullard Award in 1994. He was elected a member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) in 1994 and a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2005.
The Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging at the University of Wisconsin-Madison hosts a biennial seminar series named in honor of John White. Featured speakers have included:
- 2022: Martin Chalfie; Columbia University
- 2018: Cornelia Bargmann; Columbia University
## Personal life {#personal_life}
White has been professor emeritus since he retired in 2008
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# Von Joshua
**Von Everett Joshua** (born May 1, 1948) is an American former professional baseball outfielder who played for the Los Angeles Dodgers (1969--71, 1973--74 and 1979), San Francisco Giants (1975--76), Milwaukee Brewers (1976--77) and San Diego Padres (1980) of Major League Baseball (MLB).
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Joshua was drafted out of Chabot College by the San Francisco Giants in the first round of the 1967 January Major League Baseball draft along the likes of Carlton Fisk. However, Joshua signed with the Los Angeles Dodgers.
He helped the Dodgers win the 1974 National League pennant. However, in that year\'s World Series, which the Oakland Athletics won in five games over the Dodgers, Joshua went 0-for-4, all in pinch-hitting appearances, including grounding out to relief pitcher Rollie Fingers for the final out of the Series.
In 10 seasons he played in 822 games and had 2,234 at bats, 277 runs, 610 hits, 87 doubles, 31 triples, 30 home runs, 184 RBI, 55 stolen bases, 108 walks, .273 batting average, .306 on-base percentage, .380 slugging percentage, 849 total bases, 15 sacrifice hits, 15 sacrifice flies and 20 intentional walks. Defensively, he recorded a career .976 fielding percentage.
## Coaching career {#coaching_career}
Joshua was the hitting coach for the Albuquerque Dukes for several years in the late 1980s. Joshua was the Iowa Cubs hitting coach, then was hitting coach of the Chicago Cubs from June to October 2009, following the firing of Gerald Perry. He was rehired as the Iowa Cubs hitting coach for the 2010 season
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# Edmond Miles
**Edmond Miles** (born July 6, 1984) is a former American football linebacker. He was signed by the Miami Dolphins as an undrafted free agent in 2007. He played college football at Iowa.
Miles played 18 games with the Dolphins and the New York Giants before signing as a free agent with the Atlanta Falcons in 2009. He was released from the Falcons on August 25, 2009.
After his NFL career he currently coaches the Cedar Rapids Jefferson J-Hawks football team
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Edmond Miles
| 0 |
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# Minnesota Roller Derby
**Minnesota Roller Derby** (MNRD) is a flat track roller derby league based in Saint Paul, Minnesota, in the United States. Founded in August 2004 as **Minnesota RollerGirls** by the Donnelly sisters, MNRD was one of the first 30 members of the Women\'s Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA) by early 2006. Today the league has over 80 skaters playing on four home teams as well as their All-Star team, which has qualified for WFTDA Playoffs every year since its inception.
## League and business structure {#league_and_business_structure}
Since 2005, the league has played and practiced at the Roy Wilkins Auditorium in Saint Paul, with capacity for up to 4,000 spectators for roller derby, and average attendance ranging between 1,800 and 3,000 fans at MNRG events. MNRG claims to be the first league in the country to have a professional space for practices and bouts.
Minnesota Roller Derby is a limited liability company composed of volunteer skaters aged 18 years and older and other volunteers. No skater or volunteer associated with the Minnesota Roller Derby is paid, nor do they profit based upon level of involvement or upon team wins. Proceeds raised by the league pay for practice space rental, legal and promotional fees, as well as traveling costs to play other WFTDA members in other states and in other countries. The remainder of the revenues are donated to a variety of local charities, with a general focus on organizations that benefit women.
In 2011, Minnesota began the DebuTaunts training and recreation program as a way to bring additional skaters into the league. By 2015, almost all new skaters in the league had spent at least one session in the recreation and training program. In 2016, the DebuTaunts began regularly bouting against regional opponents including Chippewa Valley Roller Derby (Eau Claire, Wisconsin) and the Roller Underground Dirty Ores (Eveleth, Minnesota), and by 2019 the DebuTaunts program, which rebranded as Windchill during that season, was re-envisioned as a primary \"on-ramp\" into Minnesota Roller Derby.
In 2018, the league launched a junior roller derby program, the Minnesota Frostbite, bringing its training resources in line with other top-tier roller derby leagues. The program is open to skaters of all genders aged 6--17.
In November, 2015, the Minnesota RollerGirls were the host league for the 2015 International WFTDA Championships at the Roy Wilkins Auditorium, and in May 2016, Visit Saint Paul named the Championships as their 2015 Event of the Year. The Minnesota All-Stars also competed at the tournament, losing their sole opening round game, 185-173 to Texas Rollergirls of Austin.
The Minnesota RollerGirls were ranked ninth in the world, as of September 25, 2016. In the WFTDA\'s 2022-23 return to regionalized play, they became a part of the WFTDA\'s North America West Region, along with traditional rivals like Rose City Rollers, Denver Roller Derby, Arch Rival Roller Derby, Windy City Rollers, and Madison Roller Derby.
In August 2019, the league adopted its current name as Minnesota Roller Derby, \"to better reflect the organization's membership and community\".
## Home Teams {#home_teams}
Minnesota Roller Derby is composed of four home teams: the Bodies of Water, the Maul Rats, the Roller Vortex, and the Wednesday Warnings. These teams were created during a complete re-draft of the league following a missed Season 17 and a shortened Season 18 in which the league due to the COVID-19 pandemic fielded a pair of adult and a pair of junior teams. From 2005 to 2020, the league\'s home teams were the Atomic Bombshells, Dagger Dolls, Garda Belts, and Rockits. The Silver Bullets, which competed only in the league\'s inaugural season, were reorganized and re-themed as the Rockits for the 2005-06 season and remained the Rockits until the pandemic dissolved the original home teams. The four teams play against each other at home, with these games comprising the home season. Every MNRD home season concludes with a championship game, with the winner receiving the championship trophy, known as The Golden Skate.
**Winners of the Golden Skate**
---------------------------------
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
In 2018 a new trophy for the winner of the third-place game was unveiled. The inaugural Bronze Bearing Trophy was won for the first time by the Garda Belts.
**Winners of the Bronze Bearing**
-----------------------------------
Year
2018
## Travel Team {#travel_team}
The Minnesota All-Stars are the league\'s charter all-star interleague team. This team of elite skaters, drawn from the home teams, trains together year-round and travels for sanctioned WFTDA bouts throughout the year.
The Minnesota Nice are the other half of the All-Stars program. The league\'s B-team are both a pool of dedicated B-team skaters and a backup personnel pool that the Minnesota All-Stars can draw from in the event of an injury or a skater leaving the program due to pregnancy or employment opportunities outside the Twin Cities. The Nice also travel to tournaments and plays in national- and international-level B-team competitions.
Separate from the charter program, the Minnesota Windchill recreation and training program maintains a bouting-ready team which plays smaller leagues and B-teams throughout the Upper Midwest.
Minnesota was one of the pioneers of the \"wall\" technique of blocking, where blockers engage the jammer as a unit rather than individually. Their tenacious defence has earned the nickname \"the Great Wall of Saint Paul.\"
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| 0 |
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# Minnesota Roller Derby
## WFTDA competition {#wftda_competition}
The Minnesota All-Stars have qualified for WFTDA Playoffs and/or WFTDA Championships every year since the first Championship, the Dust Devil tournament, in 2006, at which they placed fourth overall. In 2007 and 2008, as members of the WFTDA\'s East Region, the All-Stars competed at the annual WFTDA Eastern Regional Tournament without advancing to the Championship.
Starting with 2009, MNRG qualified for the WFTDA North Central Regional Tournament for all four years, advancing to compete in the WFTDA Championships in 2010, 2011 and 2012. MNRG hosted the 2009 North Central Regional Tournament, the \"Brawl of America\", at Roy Wilkins Auditorium, at which they came in ninth place.
Minnesota has a long-standing rivalry with Chicago\'s Windy City Rollers, and in June 2012 the two teams played to a rare tie in WFTDA-sanctioned play. The tie (later upheld upon review by the WFTDA) resulted from a scorekeeping correction made well after the end of play, avoiding a potential overtime jam which ordinarily would have settled the score. In the 2013 revision of the Rules of Flat Track Roller Derby, it was specified that the score at the time the game-ending whistle is blown, once confirmed by the officials at the end of game time, is official and that scorekeeping errors must stand if any are discovered after the official final score is recorded.
In 2013, the Women\'s Flat Track Derby Association realigned its competitive divisions to emphasize teams\' win--loss record and difficulty of opponents rather than organizing by regions. The Minnesota All-Stars competed at Division 1 Playoffs during the era of the Divisional system. When the Second Regional Era begins in 2023, Minnesota will compete in the North America East region along with rivals Madison Roller Derby, Windy City Rollers, and Arch Rival Roller Derby.
In 2018 the league declined invitation to the WFTDA Playoffs in A Coruña, Spain, citing the cost of air travel to the city.
### Rankings
Minnesota Roller Derby plays in the WFTDA North America Northeast (NAE) region.
Season Final ranking Playoffs Championship
-------- --------------- ---------- --------------
2006 6 WFTDA --- 4
2007 11 WFTDA R2 E *DNQ*
2008 4 E 11 E *DNQ*
2009 7 NC 9 NC *DNQ*
2010 2 NC 2 NC R1
2011 2 NC 2 NC QF
2012 2 NC 1 NC QF
2013 17 WFTDA 4 D1 *DNQ*
2014 7 WFTDA 3 D1 R1 D1
2015 12 WFTDA 3 D1 R1 D1
2016 10 WFTDA 2 D1 R1 D1
2017 17 WFTDA 4 D1 *CR* D1
2018 17 WFTDA *DNP* *DNQ*
2019 39 WFTDA
2020 39 WFTDA
2023 6 WFTDA NAE
2024 7 WFTDA NAE
- *CR = consolation round*
- *DNP = did not play*
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# Minnesota Roller Derby
## WFTDA competition {#wftda_competition}
### Interleague bouting record {#interleague_bouting_record}
Although the Minnesota home teams occasionally play against other leagues, the majority of their bouts are played by their all-star interleague team.
**Partial travel team bouting history through November 2011**
---------------------------------------------------------------
Date
November 12, 2011
November 11, 2011
October 9, 2011
October 8, 2011
October 7, 2011
August 6, 2011
July 17, 2011
July 16, 2011
May 22, 2011
May 21, 2011
April 2, 2011
March 5, 2011
February 5, 2011
January 29, 2011
November 5, 2010
September 12, 2010
September 11, 2010
September 10, 2010
September 10, 2010
August 21, 2010
July 31, 2010
June 27, 2010
June 26, 2010
May 22, 2010
December 19, 2009
November 21, 2009
October 17, 2009
September 20, 2009
September 19, 2009
September 18, 2009
August 29, 2009
June 28, 2009
June 27, 2009
April 25, 2009
November 22, 2008
October 18, 2008
October 11, 2008
October 10, 2008
September 12, 2008
August 16, 2008
May 11, 2008
May 10, 2008
December 8, 2007
December 8, 2007
October 13, 2007
September 15, 2007
August 18, 2007
December 9, 2006
November 11, 2006
October 21, 2006
September 16, 2006
September 2, 2006
February 25, 2006
November 8, 2005
November 8, 2005
## MNRD in the community {#mnrd_in_the_community}
Minnesota Roller Derby has been featured in numerous local media outlets, such as the *Star Tribune*, the *Pulse of the Twin Cities*, vita.mn, Minnesota Public Radio, and the *City Pages*, and were briefly featured in a Coca-Cola/NASCAR national ad campaign. Emergence Pictures produced the film *Minnesota Mean,* a documentary following six of the players. This film premiered April 15, 2023.
Minnesota Roller Derby is sponsored by a variety of local and national companies, including: *The Onion*, Minnesota Public Radio 89.3: The Current, Ultra Creative, Archetype Design, Saint Paul Athletic Club, Fiant Dental, and Pizza Lucé, among others.
Minnesota All-Stars Lynn \"Juke Boxx\" Klass and Melissa \"Medusa\" Arnold represented the United States on Team USA at the 2011 Roller Derby World Cup. In 2014, Juke Boxx returned to the Team USA roster, joined by Dana \"Second Hand Smoke\" Noss, for the 2014 Roller Derby World Cup
| 361 |
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| 2 |
10,996,073 |
# Arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide
**Arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide** (**5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid**, **5-HPETE**) is an intermediate in the metabolism of arachidonic acid by the ALOX5 enzyme in humans or Alox5 enzyme in other mammals. The intermediate is then further metabolized to: a) leukotriene A4 which is then metabolized to the chemotactic factor for leukocytes, leukotriene B4, or to contractors of lung airways, leukotriene C4, leukotriene D4, and leukotriene E4; b) the leukocyte chemotactic factors, 5-hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid and 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid; or c) the specialized pro-resolving mediators of inflammation, lipoxin A4 and lipoxin B4
| 89 |
Arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide
| 0 |
10,996,075 |
# 2004 Kansas City Chiefs season
The 2004 season was the Kansas City Chiefs\' 35th in the National Football League (NFL), their 45th overall and their 42nd in Kansas City.
The 2004 season proved not to be as successful as the team\'s previous season. Though the Chiefs finished the regular season with the most yards and the second highest number of points, they also had a losing record of 7--9 and no playoff appearance. In fact, the Chiefs\' 483 points-scored was the highest total in NFL history for a team that finished the season with a losing record. The Chiefs joined the 1975 Buffalo Bills as the only teams in NFL history to score an average of at least 30 points per game and miss the playoffs.
## Offseason
### Draft
Round Selection Player Position College
------- ----------- ---------------- ------------------ --------------
2 36 Junior Siavii Defensive tackle Oregon
2 61 Kris Wilson Tight end Pittsburgh
3 93 Keyaron Fox Linebacker Georgia Tech
4 105 Samie Parker Wide receiver Oregon
4 126 Jared Allen Defensive end Idaho State
6 195 Jeris McIntyre Wide receiver Auburn
7 212 Kevin Sampson Offensive tackle Syracuse
: style=\"`{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Kansas City Chiefs|2004|border=2}}`{=mediawiki}\"\| 2004 Kansas City Chiefs draft
## Personnel
### Staff / Coaches {#staff_coaches}
### Roster
## Preseason
### Schedule
Week Date Opponent Result Record Venue Recap
------ ------ -------------------- -------------- -------- ------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
1 at New York Giants **L** 24--34 0--1 Giants Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/games/chiefs-at-giants-2004-pre-1)
2 St. Louis Rams **W** 24--7 1--1 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/games/rams-at-chiefs-2004-pre-2)
3 Cleveland Browns **L** 19--21 1--2 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/games/browns-at-chiefs-2004-pre-3)
4 at Dallas Cowboys **L** 20--24 1--3 Texas Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/games/chiefs-at-cowboys-2004-pre-4)
### Game summaries {#game_summaries}
#### Week 1: at New York Giants {#week_1_at_new_york_giants}
#### Week 2: vs. St. Louis Rams {#week_2_vs._st._louis_rams}
#### Week 3: vs. Cleveland Browns {#week_3_vs._cleveland_browns}
#### Week 4: at Dallas Cowboys {#week_4_at_dallas_cowboys}
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# 2004 Kansas City Chiefs season
## Regular season {#regular_season}
### Schedule {#schedule_1}
Week Date Opponent Result Record Venue Recap
---------------------------------------------------------- -------------- --------------------------- -------------- -------- ---------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------
1 September 12 at **Denver Broncos** **L** 24--34 0--1 Invesco Field at Mile High [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/games/chiefs-at-broncos-2004-reg-1)
2 September 19 Carolina Panthers **L** 17--28 0--2 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/games/panthers-at-chiefs-2004-reg-2)
3 September 26 Houston Texans **L** 21--24 0--3 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/games/texans-at-chiefs-2004-reg-3)
4 at Baltimore Ravens **W** 27--24 1--3 M&T Bank Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/games/chiefs-at-ravens-2004-reg-4)
5 *Bye*
6 October 17 at Jacksonville Jaguars **L** 16--22 1--4 Alltel Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/games/chiefs-at-jaguars-2004-reg-6)
7 October 24 Atlanta Falcons **W** 56--10 2--4 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/games/falcons-at-chiefs-2004-reg-7)
8 October 31 Indianapolis Colts **W** 45--35 3--4 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/games/colts-at-chiefs-2004-reg-8)
9 November 7 at Tampa Bay Buccaneers **L** 31--34 3--5 Raymond James Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/games/chiefs-at-buccaneers-2004-reg-9)
10 November 14 at New Orleans Saints **L** 20--27 3--6 Louisiana Superdome [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/games/chiefs-at-saints-2004-reg-10)
11 New England Patriots **L** 19--27 3--7 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/games/patriots-at-chiefs-2004-reg-11)
12 November 28 **San Diego Chargers** **L** 31--34 3--8 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/games/chargers-at-chiefs-2004-reg-12)
13 December 5 at **Oakland Raiders** **W** 34--27 4--8 McAfee Coliseum [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/games/chiefs-at-raiders-2004-reg-13)
14 at Tennessee Titans **W** 49--38 5--8 The Coliseum [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/games/chiefs-at-titans-2004-reg-14)
15 December 19 **Denver Broncos** **W** 45--17 6--8 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/games/broncos-at-chiefs-2004-reg-15)
16 December 25 **Oakland Raiders** **W** 31--30 7--8 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/games/raiders-at-chiefs-2004-reg-16)
17 January 2 at **San Diego Chargers** **L** 17--24 7--9 Qualcomm Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/games/chiefs-at-chargers-2004-reg-17)
**Note:** Intra-division opponents are in **bold** text.
### Game summaries {#game_summaries_1}
#### Week 1: at Denver Broncos {#week_1_at_denver_broncos}
#### Week 2: vs. Carolina Panthers {#week_2_vs._carolina_panthers}
#### Week 3: vs. Houston Texans {#week_3_vs._houston_texans}
#### Week 4: at Baltimore Ravens {#week_4_at_baltimore_ravens}
#### Week 6: at Jacksonville Jaguars {#week_6_at_jacksonville_jaguars}
#### Week 7: vs. Atlanta Falcons {#week_7_vs._atlanta_falcons}
The Chiefs made NFL history in this game, as they set a record by having 8 rushing touchdowns, the most in a single game in the Super Bowl Era.
#### Week 8: vs. Indianapolis Colts {#week_8_vs._indianapolis_colts}
#### Week 9: at Tampa Bay Buccaneers {#week_9_at_tampa_bay_buccaneers}
#### Week 10: at New Orleans Saints {#week_10_at_new_orleans_saints}
#### Week 11: vs. New England Patriots {#week_11_vs._new_england_patriots}
#### Week 12: vs. San Diego Chargers {#week_12_vs._san_diego_chargers}
#### Week 13: at Oakland Raiders {#week_13_at_oakland_raiders}
#### Week 14: at Tennessee Titans {#week_14_at_tennessee_titans}
#### Week 15: vs. Denver Broncos {#week_15_vs._denver_broncos}
#### Week 16: vs. Oakland Raiders {#week_16_vs._oakland_raiders}
**Christmas Day games** `{{Americanfootballbox
|titlestyle={{NFLPrimaryStyle|Kansas City Chiefs|year=2004|border=2}};text-align:center;
|state=autocollapse
|title=Week 16: Oakland Raiders at Kansas City Chiefs – Game summary
|date={{dow tooltip|December 25, 2004}}
|time=4:00 p.m. CST
|road=Raiders
|R1=7|R2=14|R3=3|R4=6
|home='''Chiefs'''
|H1=7|H2=14|H3=0|H4=10
|stadium=Arrowhead Stadium, Kansas City, Missouri
|attendance=77,289
|weather=Clear, {{convert|43|F|C}}
|referee=Larry Nemmers
|TV=CBS
|TVAnnouncers=[[Dick Enberg]], [[Dan Dierdorf]] and [[Armen Keteyian]]
|reference=[https://www.nfl.com/games/raiders-at-chiefs-2004-reg-16 Recap], [https://static.www.nfl.com/gamecenter/10012004-1225-0073-ee20-2a420ccee839.pdf Game Book]
|scoring=
'''First quarter'''
*OAK – [[Jerry Porter (American football)|Jerry Porter]] 5-yard pass from [[Kerry Collins]] ([[Sebastian Janikowski]] kick), 13:25. ''Raiders 7–0. '''Drive: 3 plays, 10 yards, 0:50.'''''
*KC – [[Larry Johnson (running back)|Larry Johnson]] 6-yard run ([[Lawrence Tynes]] kick), 2:14. ''Tied 7–7. '''Drive: 10 plays, 68 yards, 5:27.'''''
'''Second quarter'''
*OAK – [[Zack Crockett]] 3-yard run (Sebastian Janikowski kick), 11:40. ''Raiders 14–7. '''Drive: 10 plays, 62 yards, 5:34.'''''
*KC – [[Tony Gonzalez]] 2-yard pass from [[Trent Green]] (Lawrence Tynes kick), 6:44. ''Tied 14–14. '''Drive: 9 plays, 44 yards, 4:56.'''''
*KC – Tony Gonzalez 26-yard pass from Trent Green (Lawrence Tynes kick), 1:54. ''Chiefs 21–14. '''Drive: 10 plays, 88 yards, 3:58.'''''
*OAK – [[Alvis Whitted]] 32-yard pass from Kerry Collins (Sebastian Janikowski kick), 0:24. ''Tied 21–21. '''Drive: 7 plays, 69 yards, 1:30.'''''
'''Third quarter'''
*OAK – Sebastian Janikowski 40-yard field goal, 0:09. ''Raiders 24–21. '''Drive: 9 plays, 50 yards, 4:49.'''''
'''Fourth quarter'''
*KC – Larry Johnson 4-yard run (Lawrence Tynes kick), 6:11. ''Chiefs 28–24. '''Drive: 10 plays, 65 yards, 5:03.'''''
*OAK – Sebastian Janikowski 45-yard field goal, 3:49. ''Chiefs 28–27. '''Drive: 6 plays, 43 yards, 2:22.'''''
*OAK – Sebastian Janikowski 46-yard field goal, 1:03. ''Raiders 30–28. '''Drive: 7 plays, 29 yards, 0:39.'''''
*KC – Lawrence Tynes 38-yard field goal, 0:22. ''Chiefs 31–30. '''Drive: 6 plays, 16 yards, 0:41
| 634 |
2004 Kansas City Chiefs season
| 1 |
10,996,079 |
# Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid
| 3 |
Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid
| 0 |
10,996,119 |
# The Duskfall
**The Duskfall** is a Swedish melodic death metal band from Luleå, formed in 1999. The band released four full-length studio albums and, shortly afterwards, split in 2008; however, they reformed in 2014.
## History
The band was formed in 1999 when guitarist Mikael Sandorf, split-up from his previous melodic death metal band Gates of Ishtar and shortly afterwards the band was created. Initially the band would be named Soulash, until changing it in 2001 to The Duskfall. Although line-up changes would hamper the band at first when band members Tommi Konu and Urban Carlsson departed, they would quickly fill the vacant slots with drummer Oskar Karlsson (from the later period of Gates of Ishtar) and bassist Kaj Molin. Soon after, the band would record and release their first demo entitled *Deliverance* in 2001.
In 2002, Duskfall released their debut album *Frailty*, which was produced by Daniel Bergstrand. After the release of *Frailty*, Joachim Lindbäck would join the band on guitar. The final product was 2003\'s *Source* which was recorded at Daniel Bergstrand\'s Dug Out Studios. Duskfall would suffer more departures in the form of members Joachim Lindbäck and Kaj Molin. Eventually the band would recruit Antti Lindholm (also the vocalist and guitarist in Finnish hard rock trio Lambs) on guitars and Marco Eronen on bass. With the new additions, Duskfall would focus on recording their third studio album, *Lifetime Supply of Guilt*.
The Duskfall released their fourth album *The Dying Wonders of the World* on October 26, 2007.
A statement on the official website, dated August 4, 2008, confirmed that the band had disbanded following the departure of main songwriter and founder Mikael Sandorf.
In 2014, Mikael Sandorf announced the band was back together via social media (Facebook and Twitter) and would be recording for the band\'s fifth album. The album, titled *Where The Tree Stands Dead*, was produced by Ahti Kortelainen (Sonata Arctica, Moonsorrow, Sentenced).
Later, The Duskfall announced at the Facebook page that Aki Häkkinen, the frontman of the Finnish nu-metal band Grinister, replaced Klavborn on vocals. They also announced bassist Jonatan Storm\'s departure, with Anton Lindbäck replacing Storm.
During December 2016, The Duskfall confirmed their new lead guitarist Jakob Björnfot (replacing Ronny Edlund) and during mid 2017 they announced Aki Häkkinen\'s departure. In 2017, Edlund rejoined the band. The band\'s new album The Everlasting Shadows was set to come out in 2019 via Black Lion Records.
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| 0 |
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# The Duskfall
## Members
Current members
- Mikael Sandorf -- drums (1999-2001), lead guitar (2001-2008, 2014-2017), vocals (2001, 2017-present)
- Ronny Edlund - rhythm guitar (2014-2016, 2017-present)
- Anton Lindbäck - bass (2015-present)
- Patrik Forlund -- lead guitar(2019-present)
- Sebastian Lindgren - drums (2016-present)
Former members
- Pär Johansson - vocals (1999-2000)
- Kai Jaakkola - vocals (2001-2008)
- Magnus Klavborn - vocals (2014-2015)
- Aki Häkkinen - vocals (2015-2017)
- Antti Lindholm - rhythm guitar (2004-2008), bass (2005)
- Jonny Ahlgren - rhythm guitar (1999-2001)
- Jakob Björnfot -- lead guitar(2017-2019)
- Glenn Svensson - lead guitar (1999-2002)
- Joachim Lindbäck - lead guitar (2003-2004)
- Tommi Konu - bass (1999-2001)
- Kaj Molin - bass (2001-2005)
- Matte Järnil - bass (2006-2008)
- Kim Bjäle - bass (2014)
- Jonatan Storm - bass, vocals (2014-2015)
- Urban Carlsson - drums (2001)
- Oskar Karlsson - drums (2001-2008)
- Fredrik Andersson - drums (2014-2016)
**Timeline** {{#tag:timeline\| ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:18 PlotArea = left:110 bottom:80 top:0 right:10 Alignbars = justify DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1999 till:{{#time:m/d/Y}} TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy
Colors =
` id:vocals value:red legend:Lead_Vocals`\
` id:lead value:teal legend:Lead_Guitar`\
` id:rhythm value:green legend:Rhythm_Guitar`\
` id:bass value:blue legend:Bass`\
` id:drums value:orange legend:Drums`\
` id:studio value:black legend:Studio_Album`\
` id:other value:gray(0.6) legend:Demo`\
` id:bars value:gray(0.95)`
BackgroundColors = bars:bars Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:4 ScaleMajor = increment:1 start:1999
LineData =
`layer:back`\
`color:studio`\
`at:11/30/2002`\
`at:11/30/2003`\
`at:08/12/2005`\
`at:10/26/2007`\
`at:11/21/2014`
LineData =
`layer:back`\
`color:other`\
`at:06/01/2001`\
`at:06/01/2000`
BarData =
`bar:Par text:"Pär Johansson"`\
`bar:Kai text:"Kai Jaakkola"`\
`bar:Magnus text:"Magnus Klavborn"`\
`bar:Aki text:"Aki Häkkinen"`\
`bar:Glenn text:"Glenn Svensson"`\
`bar:Jonny text:"Jonny Ahlgren"`\
`bar:Joachim text:"Joachim Lindbäck"`\
`bar:Antti text:"Antti Lindholm"`\
`bar:Ronny text:"Ronny Edlund"`\
`bar:Jakob text:"Jakob Björnfot"`\
`bar:Tommi text:"Tommi Konu"`\
`bar:Kaj text:"Kaj Molin"`\
`bar:Matte text:"Matte Järnil"`\
`bar:Kim text:"Kim Bjäle"`\
`bar:Jonatan text:"Jonatan Storm"`\
`bar:Anton text:"Anton Lindbäck"`\
`bar:Mikael text:"Mikael Sandorf"`\
`bar:Urban text:"Urban Carlsson"`\
`bar:Oskar text:"Oskar Karlsson"`\
`bar:Fredrik text:"Fredrik Andersson"`\
`bar:Seb text:"Sebastian Lindgren"`\
`bar:Jak text:"Jakob Björnfot"`\
`bar:Patrik text:"Patrik Forlund"`
PlotData=
`width:11 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-4)`\
`bar:Par from:01/01/1999 till:10/01/2000 color:vocals`\
`bar:Kai from:09/01/2001 till:08/04/2008 color:vocals`\
`bar:Magnus from:03/01/2014 till:06/01/2015 color:vocals`\
`bar:Aki from:06/01/2015 till:06/01/2017 color:vocals`\
`bar:Glenn from:01/01/1999 till:12/20/2002 color:lead`\
`bar:Jonny from:01/01/1999 till:03/01/2001 color:rhythm`\
`bar:Joachim from:03/01/2003 till:06/01/2004 color:rhythm`\
`bar:Antti from:06/01/2004 till:08/04/2008 color:rhythm`\
`bar:Ronny from:03/01/2014 till:12/01/2016 color:rhythm`\
`bar:Ronny from:06/01/2017 till:end color:rhythm`\
`bar:Jakob from:12/01/2016 till:06/01/2017 color:rhythm`\
`bar:Jakob from:06/01/2017 till:end color:lead `\
`bar:Tommi from:01/01/1999 till:03/01/2001 color:bass`\
`bar:Kaj from:03/01/2001 till:03/01/2005 color:bass`\
`bar:Antti from:03/01/2005 till:12/01/2005 color:bass width:3`\
`bar:Matte from:02/01/2006 till:08/04/2008 color:bass`\
`bar:Kim from:03/01/2014 till:06/01/2014 color:bass`\
`bar:Jonatan from:06/01/2014 till:06/01/2015 color:bass`\
`bar:Anton from:06/01/2015 till:end color:bass`\
`bar:Mikael from:01/01/1999 till:03/01/2001 color:drums`\
`bar:Mikael from:03/01/2001 till:08/01/2008 color:lead`\
`bar:Mikael from:02/01/2001 till:09/01/2001 color:vocals width:3`\
`bar:Mikael from:03/01/2014 till:06/01/2017 color:lead`\
`bar:Mikael from:06/01/2017 till:end color:vocals`\
`bar:Urban from:03/01/2001 till:04/01/2001 color:drums`\
`bar:Oskar from:04/01/2001 till:08/04/2008 color:drums`\
`bar:Fredrik from:03/01/2014 till:06/01/2016 color:drums`\
`bar:Seb from:06/01/2016 till:end color:drums`\
`bar:Jak from:06/01/2017 till:01/01/2019 color:lead`\
`bar:Patrik from:06/01/2019 till:end color:lead`\
`}}`
## Discography
Album title Release date Record label
---------------------------------- ------------------- ------------------------
*Frailty* November 30, 2002 Black Lotus
*Source* December 30, 2003 Black Lotus
*Lifetime Supply of Guilt* August 12, 2005 Nuclear Blast
*The Dying Wonders of the World* October 26, 2007 Nuclear Blast/Massacre
*Where the Tree Stands Dead* November 21, 2014 Apostasy Records
*The Everlasting Shadows* TBA Black Lion Records
## In popular media {#in_popular_media}
- The video for the song \"Shoot It In\" is featured in the video game *The Darkness*.
- The song \"Case Closed\" is featured in the film *Five Across the Eyes*
| 541 |
The Duskfall
| 1 |
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# Srednekansky District
**Srednekansky District** (*Среднека́нский райо́н*) is an administrative district (raion), one of the eight in Magadan Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as **Srednekansky Urban Okrug**. It is located in the central and northern parts of the oblast. Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Seymchan. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 3,228, with the population of Seymchan accounting for 87.3% of that number.`{{Historical populations|7=1959|8=6766|9=1970|10=11354|11=1979|12=14423|13=1989|14=16594|15=2002|16=5461|17=2010|18=3228|19=2021|20=2275|footnote=Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.|source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web|title=(USSR) Urban population of the union republics, and their territorial units|url=https://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/census.php}}</ref><ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls | title = Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года. Том. 1, таблица 4. Численность населения России, федеральных округов, субъектов Российской Федерации, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов - райцентров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120203125040/http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls | url-status = dead | archivedate = 2012-02-03 }}`{=mediawiki}
}}
## Geography
The district borders the Sakha Republic in the north and northwest, Bilibinsky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and Severo-Evensky District in the northeast, Omsukchansky District in the east, Khasynsky District in the south, Yagodninsky District in the southwest, and Susumansky District in the west. The area of the district is 91818.35 km2.
The Omolon flows at the northeastern border. The Namyndykan, Seymchan, Buyunda, Korkodon, Bulun, and their tributaries flow across the district.
## History
The district was established on August 23, 1931 and had its administrative center in Srednekan. In 1934, the administrative center was moved to Taskan. Seymchan became the administrative center on December 2, 1953.
## Administrative and municipal status {#administrative_and_municipal_status}
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Srednekansky District is one of the eight in the oblast. The urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Seymchan serves as its administrative center.
As a municipal division, the district has been incorporated as **Srednekansky Urban Okrug** since January 9, 2015. Prior to that date, the district was incorporated as **Srednekansky Municipal District**, which was subdivided into one urban settlement and one rural settlement.
## Economy
The main industries of the district are gold, silver, tin, cobalt, bismuth, tungsten, lead, zinc, and coal mining. In addition, under the protection of the mountain ranges, the area in the valley of the Kolyma River lends itself for agricultural production.
### Transportation
The district is served by the Seymchan Airport in Seymchan
| 397 |
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| 0 |
10,996,142 |
# Ust-Srednekan
**Ust-Srednekan** (*Усть-Среднекан*) is a rural locality (a *selo*) in Srednekansky District of Magadan Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Kolyma River, where it is joined by its tributary the Srednekan, 45 km from Seymchan, the administrative center of the district. Population: 27 (2010 Census). Ust-Srednekan has been completely depopulated since 2013, but it has not been officially abolished.On 5 July 2022, a maximum temperature of 37.7 C was registered.
## History
In 1932, it became the seat of administration for the Sevvostlag forced-labor camps, although these operations were later moved to Nagaev Bay and then to the city of Magadan. Ust-Srednekan remained a mining center, although its population decreased so much that in April 2006 it was decided to progressively abandon it. Only twenty-seven inhabitants remained in 2010, with the population fully gone by April 2011.
## Infrastructure and economy {#infrastructure_and_economy}
Access to Ust-Srednekan is difficult, with roads in poor condition. The not yet completed Ust-Srednekan Hydroelectric Plant is located nearby
| 166 |
Ust-Srednekan
| 0 |
10,996,155 |
# 2001 Kansas City Chiefs season
The 2001 season was the Kansas City Chiefs\' 32nd in the National Football League (NFL) and their 42nd overall. It was their first year under head coach Dick Vermeil and 13th under general manager Carl Peterson. They finished the regular season with a 6--10 record.
Along with new coaches joining the team, new additions appeared on the Chiefs\' roster, including running back Priest Holmes and quarterback Trent Green. Vermeil began to install a powerful offense similar to the one he installed in St. Louis to win Super Bowl XXXIV.
## Offseason
Additions Subtractions
--------------------------- ---------------------------------
QB Trent Green (Rams) P Todd Sauerbrun (Panthers)
RB Priest Holmes (Ravens) QB Elvis Grbac (Ravens)
LB Glenn Cadrez (Broncos) DT Chester McGlockton (Broncos)
CB Ray Crockett (Broncos) TE Troy Drayton (Packers)
C Casey Wiegmann (Bears)
DE Rich Owens (Dolphins)
### Draft
### Undrafted free agents {#undrafted_free_agents}
Player Position College
---------------- --------------- ---------------
Ian Allen Guard Purdue
Dyshod Carter Cornerback Kansas State
Ryan Helming Quarterback Northern Iowa
Dave Klemic Wide receiver Northeastern
J. J. Moses Wide receiver Iowa State
Wes Robertson Linebacker Rutgers
Lawrence Tynes Kicker Troy State
: 2001 undrafted free agents of note
## Personnel
### Staff
### Roster
## Preseason
### Schedule
Week Date Opponent Result Record Venue Recap
------ ----------- ------------------------- -------------- -------- ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------
1 August 12 Washington Redskins **W** 20--0 1--0 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/games/redskins-at-chiefs-2001-pre-1)
2 Chicago Bears **W** 10--9 2--0 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/games/bears-at-chiefs-2001-pre-2)
3 at Jacksonville Jaguars **L** 23--28 2--1 Alltel Stadium [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/games/chiefs-at-jaguars-2001-pre-3)
4 at St. Louis Rams **L** 17--21 2--2 Trans World Dome [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/games/chiefs-at-rams-2001-pre-4)
### Game summaries {#game_summaries}
#### Week 1: vs. Washington Redskins {#week_1_vs._washington_redskins}
#### Week 2: vs. Chicago Bears {#week_2_vs._chicago_bears}
#### Week 3: at Jacksonville Jaguars {#week_3_at_jacksonville_jaguars}
#### Week 4: at St. Louis Rams {#week_4_at_st._louis_rams}
| 295 |
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| 0 |
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# 2001 Kansas City Chiefs season
## Regular season {#regular_season}
### Schedule {#schedule_1}
Week Date Opponent Result Record Venue Recap
------ -------------- --------------------------- ------------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 September 9 **Oakland Raiders** **L** 24--27 0--1 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200109090kan.htm)
2 September 23 New York Giants **L** 3--13 0--2 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200109230kan.htm)
3 September 30 at Washington Redskins **W** 45--13 1--2 FedExField [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200109300was.htm)
4 October 7 at **Denver Broncos** **L** 6--20 1--3 Invesco Field at Mile High [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200110070den.htm)
5 October 14 Pittsburgh Steelers **L** 17--20 1--4 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200110140kan.htm)
6 October 21 at Arizona Cardinals **L** 16--24 1--5 Sun Devil Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200110210crd.htm)
7 Indianapolis Colts **L** 28--35 1--6 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200110250kan.htm)
8 November 4 at **San Diego Chargers** **W** 25--20 2--6 Qualcomm Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200111040sdg.htm)
9 November 11 at New York Jets **L** 7--27 2--7 Giants Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200111110nyj.htm)
10 *Bye*
11 November 25 **Seattle Seahawks** **W** 19--7 3--7 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200111250kan.htm)
12 Philadelphia Eagles **L** 10--23 3--8 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200111290kan.htm)
13 December 9 at **Oakland Raiders** **L** 26--28 3--9 Network Associates Coliseum [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200112090rai.htm)
14 December 16 **Denver Broncos** **W** 26--23 `{{small|(OT)}}`{=mediawiki} 4--9 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200112160kan.htm)
15 December 23 **San Diego Chargers** **W** 20--17 5--9 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200112230kan.htm)
16 December 30 at Jacksonville Jaguars **W** 30--26 6--9 Alltel Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200112300jax.htm)
17 January 6 at **Seattle Seahawks** **L** 18--21 6--10 Husky Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200201060sea.htm)
**Note:** Intra-division opponents are in **bold** text.
### Game summaries {#game_summaries_1}
#### Week 1: vs. Oakland Raiders {#week_1_vs._oakland_raiders}
#### Week 2: vs. New York Giants {#week_2_vs._new_york_giants}
#### Week 3: at Washington Redskins {#week_3_at_washington_redskins}
#### Week 4: at Denver Broncos {#week_4_at_denver_broncos}
#### Week 5: vs. Pittsburgh Steelers {#week_5_vs._pittsburgh_steelers}
#### Week 6: at Arizona Cardinals {#week_6_at_arizona_cardinals}
#### Week 7: vs. Indianapolis Colts {#week_7_vs._indianapolis_colts}
#### Week 8: at San Diego Chargers {#week_8_at_san_diego_chargers}
#### Week 9: at New York Jets {#week_9_at_new_york_jets}
#### Week 11: vs. Seattle Seahawks {#week_11_vs._seattle_seahawks}
#### Week 12: vs. Philadelphia Eagles {#week_12_vs._philadelphia_eagles}
#### Week 13: at Oakland Raiders {#week_13_at_oakland_raiders}
#### Week 14: vs. Denver Broncos {#week_14_vs._denver_broncos}
#### Week 15: vs. San Diego Chargers {#week_15_vs
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# James Park Sloan
**James Park Sloan** (born 1945) is an American author, critic, and academic. He was a Professor of English at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He was educated at Harvard University, designed a course in \'Western Values\' for the Harvard Business School and served in the Vietnam War as a paratrooper.
Throughout his life, he played tennis and taught tennis. He is a self-educated tennis player. Currently, he is a professional tennis coach in River Forest, Illinois.
Sloan drew on his military experiences for his first novel, *War Games* (Houghton, 1971), set during the Vietnam War, which won the \'New Writers Award\' for the best novel of 1970-71 from the Great Lakes College Prize Committee.
He gained further recognition with his much-praised second novel, *The Case History of Comrade V* (Houghton, 1972). A third novel, *The Last Cold War Cowboy* (Morrow, 1987) came out in 1987.
He has also written non fiction works including a widely reviewed biography of controversial Polish-American and Jewish writer Jerzy Kosiński, published by Dutton in 1996 (*Jerzy Kosinski: A Biography*).
His short stories and articles include:
- \"The Words of the Prophets\", published in *Amazing* magazine in May 1988
- \"Vietnam No Big Deal\", published in the anthology *Aftermath* (ed
| 209 |
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| 0 |
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# Coppong Daeng Rannu
**Coppong Daeng Rannu** (1920 in Gowa, South Sulawesi -- 2 June 2010) is a master of Makassar ethnic-group dances. She is best known as *Rice Goddess* in performance I La Galigo.
## Life
She began learning dance when she was 10 years old, continued her family\'s dancing-tradition. She was moved to become a dancer by her mother\'s words, \"if you don't learn to dance, then there are no one in our family who could carry on our dancing-generation.\" She learned dancing from her grandfather, Mosoa Daeng Olla, who taught her Pakarena and Salonreng. Pakarena is a dance performed in palace by 3 dancers, and salonreng is a ritual dance performed in certain events, such as in warding off misfortune ceremonies. She may be the only one who able to perform the near-extinct Salonreng.
She debuted as palace dancer of Balla Lompoa, Gowa Royal Palace. For a three-month period in 2004, she performed for I La Galigo across Singapore, Europe, US, and Australia.
She died on 2 June 2010 from asthma at 89
| 176 |
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| 0 |
10,996,191 |
# 2000 Kansas City Chiefs season
The 2000 season was the Kansas City Chiefs\' 31st in the National Football League (NFL), their 41st overall and their second and final season under head coach Gunther Cunningham. They failed to improve on their 9--7 record from 1999 and finished the season 7--9, marked by a series of on and off-field struggles and incidents.
In the offseason, 9-time Pro Bowl linebacker, team captain, and fan favorite Derrick Thomas died of a pulmonary embolism that occurred due to becoming paralyzed following a January car accident. He was the first of three active NFL players to die in the 2000 offseason, along with Raiders safety Eric Turner (cancer) and Panthers running back Fred Lane (homicide).
In the Week 10 game against the Oakland Raiders, Chiefs quarterback Elvis Grbac set a franchise record for passing yards in a single game with 504.
The Chiefs gave the San Diego Chargers their only victory of the season, losing to them in Week 13.
After the season, Warren Moon, who had been in the NFL since 1984, retired.
## Offseason
Additions Subtractions
---------------------------- --------------------------------
P Todd Sauerbrun (Bears) C Jeff Smith (Jaguars)
TE Troy Drayton (Dolphins) LB Derrick Thomas (Car Crash)
DT Steve Martin (Eagles) WR Joe Horn (Saints)
LB Lewis Bush (Chargers) CB Cris Dishman (Vikings)
TE Jason Dunn (Eagles) WR Andre Rison (Raiders)
DE Duane Clemons (Vikings) DT Tom Barndt (Bengals)
T Glenn Parker (Giants)
DE Leslie O\'Neal (retirement)
### Draft
### Undrafted free agents {#undrafted_free_agents}
Player Position College
------------------ ------------------ --------------------------
Arland Bruce Wide receiver Minnesota
Brian Hinton Cornerback Southeast Missouri State
Jonathan Jackson Linebacker Oregon State
Percy King Safety Ohio State
Norris McCleary Defensive tackle East Carolina
Brock McGrew Wide receiver North Texas
Kirk McMullen Tight end Pittsburgh
Andre O\'Neal Linebacker Marshall
Joe Perez Wide receiver Murray State
Josh Rawlings Tackle Minnesota
: 2000 undrafted free agents of note
## Personnel
### Staff / Coaches {#staff_coaches}
### Roster
## Preseason
### Schedule
Week Date Opponent Result Record Venue Recap
------ ----------- ------------------------- -------------- -------- ----------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 at Tennessee Titans **L** 10--14 0--1 Adelphia Coliseum [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2000/preseason.htm)
2 August 13 San Francisco 49ers **L** 10--33 0--2 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2000/preseason.htm)
3 Jacksonville Jaguars **L** 22--26 0--3 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2000/preseason.htm)
4 at Tampa Bay Buccaneers **L** 14--37 0--4 Raymond James Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2000/preseason.htm)
### Game summaries {#game_summaries}
#### Week 1: at Tennessee Titans {#week_1_at_tennessee_titans}
#### Week 2: vs. San Francisco 49ers {#week_2_vs._san_francisco_49ers}
#### Week 3: vs. Jacksonville Jaguars {#week_3_vs._jacksonville_jaguars}
#### Week 4: at Tampa Bay Buccaneers {#week_4_at_tampa_bay_buccaneers}
| 418 |
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| 0 |
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# 2000 Kansas City Chiefs season
## Regular season {#regular_season}
### Schedule {#schedule_1}
Week Date Opponent Result Record Venue Recap
------ -------------- --------------------------- ------------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 September 3 Indianapolis Colts **L** 14--27 0--1 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200009030kan.htm)
2 September 10 at Tennessee Titans **L** 14--17 `{{small|(OT)}}`{=mediawiki} 0--2 Adelphia Coliseum [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200009100oti.htm)
3 September 17 **San Diego Chargers** **W** 42--10 1--2 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200009170kan.htm)
4 September 24 at **Denver Broncos** **W** 23--22 2--2 Mile High Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200009240den.htm)
5 **Seattle Seahawks** **W** 24--17 3--2 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200010020kan.htm)
6 *Bye*
7 October 15 **Oakland Raiders** **L** 17--20 3--3 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200010150kan.htm)
8 October 22 St. Louis Rams **W** 54--34 4--3 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200010220kan.htm)
9 October 29 at **Seattle Seahawks** **W** 24--19 5--3 Husky Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200010290sea.htm)
10 November 5 at **Oakland Raiders** **L** 31--49 5--4 Network Associates Coliseum [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200011050rai.htm)
11 November 12 at San Francisco 49ers **L** 7--21 5--5 3Com Park [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200011120sfo.htm)
12 November 19 Buffalo Bills **L** 17--21 5--6 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200011190kan.htm)
13 November 26 at **San Diego Chargers** **L** 16--17 5--7 Qualcomm Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200011260sdg.htm)
14 at New England Patriots **L** 24--30 5--8 Foxboro Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200012040nwe.htm)
15 December 10 Carolina Panthers **W** 15--14 6--8 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200012100kan.htm)
16 December 17 **Denver Broncos** **W** 20--7 7--8 Arrowhead Stadium [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200012170kan.htm)
17 December 24 at Atlanta Falcons **L** 13--29 7--9 Georgia Dome [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200012240atl.htm)
**Note:** Intra-division opponents are in **bold** text.
### Game summaries {#game_summaries_1}
#### Week 1: vs. Indianapolis Colts {#week_1_vs._indianapolis_colts}
#### Week 2: at Tennessee Titans {#week_2_at_tennessee_titans}
#### Week 3: vs. San Diego Chargers {#week_3_vs._san_diego_chargers}
#### Week 4: at Denver Broncos {#week_4_at_denver_broncos}
#### Week 5: vs. Seattle Seahawks {#week_5_vs._seattle_seahawks}
#### Week 7: vs. Oakland Raiders {#week_7_vs._oakland_raiders}
#### Week 8: vs. St. Louis Rams {#week_8_vs._st._louis_rams}
#### Week 9: at Seattle Seahawks {#week_9_at_seattle_seahawks}
#### Week 10: at Oakland Raiders {#week_10_at_oakland_raiders}
Quarterback Elvis Grbac threw for 504 yards, setting the franchise record for most passing yards in a game.
#### Week 11: at San Francisco 49ers {#week_11_at_san_francisco_49ers}
#### Week 12: vs. Buffalo Bills {#week_12_vs._buffalo_bills}
#### Week 13: at San Diego Chargers {#week_13_at_san_diego_chargers}
The loss dropped the Chiefs to 5--7. Additionally, this would be the only game the Chargers would win all season. The Chiefs failed to score an offensive touchdown, with the team\'s only touchdown coming on a Marvcus Patton pick six in the third quarter.
#### Week 14: at New England Patriots {#week_14_at_new_england_patriots}
#### Week 15: vs. Carolina Panthers {#week_15_vs._carolina_panthers}
#### Week 16: vs. Denver Broncos {#week_16_vs
| 400 |
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| 1 |
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# Dakan, Colorado
**Dakan** was a short-lived mining town, now a ghost town, in western Douglas County, Colorado, United States, in the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The Dakan post office operated from December 30, 1896, until August 2, 1898.
## History
The town was founded in 1896 by prospector William Wanner, who announced that he had made a shipment of ore worth \$35 per ton in silver and gold from his claim, and the Castle Rock *Journal* declared \"The future of Dakan is assured\". By Christmas 1896, there were about 300 people in Dakan.
In January 1897, Dakan was described as having eight buildings, including hotel, restaurant, saloon and grocery store, and contracts for five additional buildings as soon as lumber could be delivered. But, the ore did not live up to the hopes of the prospectors and promoters. By August 1898, the post office was closed and the town disappeared.
## Geography
The town was said to be \"in the shadow of\" Dakan Mountain, which is located at 39 14 15 N 105 03 59 W type:landmark_region:US-CO
| 180 |
Dakan, Colorado
| 0 |
10,996,201 |
# Lucien Boudreau
**Lucien Boudreau** (August 6, 1874 -- December 16, 1962) was a politician, mayor of St. Albert, Alberta, and member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta (then called the Provincial Parliament).
## Early life {#early_life}
Boudreau was born in St-Gregoire de Nicolet, Quebec in 1874. In 1893, he moved to Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, where he spent two years before moving to Alberta. He found employment as a clerk in a store in Strathcona (now part of Edmonton). Before long, he went into business himself, founding a real estate business that he sold in 1901 to Michael Hogan.
That same year, he married Marie Renault of St. Albert and became proprietor of the Astoria Hotel in that city. He ran this hotel until it burned down in 1912.
## Public service {#public_service}
When St. Albert was incorporated as a town in 1904, Boudreau was elected as a member of its first town council. He served in this capacity until 1908, when he was elected to serve as mayor during 1909.
In the meantime, he became interested in provincial politics. He ran for the Provincial Parliament in the 1905 election as the Alberta Liberal Party candidate, but was defeated by Henry William McKenney, who was running as an independent Liberal (the only other candidates were Arthur Guilbault and Wilfrid Gariépy, both of whom were also running as independent Liberals and both of whom withdrew before the election).
Before the ensuing election, boundary redistribution led to McKenney running in Pembina (where he was elected), freeing St. Albert up for Boudreau to run again. He was elected this time, defeating Gariépy (who was running as an independent Liberal after refusing to contest the Liberal nomination on the grounds that it was rigged in Boudreau\'s favour) and Conservative Omer St. Germain (who would leader represent the riding for the United Farmers of Alberta and Liberals). He was re-elected in 1913 and 1917, defeating Conservative candidate Hector Landry both times.
In 1916, Boudreau was the only member of the Provincial Parliament to vote against the Alberta Equal Suffrage Act, which granted women political rights, including the right to vote. He argued that \"the place of women was in the home\", that \"the duty of women, dictated by Providence, was greater than that of men and if the time had come when it was necessary that the administration of the country should be shared by them it looked as if the men were becoming tired of their responsibility.\" He alleged that women who had signed petitions in favour of suffrage had done so \"without knowing what it was all about,\" and expressed a hope that \"though they were going to get the franchise\...the women would do the best they could for its welfare without meddling in the public affairs of the province.\" For his performance, the Calgary *Morning Albertan* lauded him as \"fearless champion of a lost cause\" and suggested that he had voiced \"sentiments which perhaps many of the present legislators felt but lacked the courage to make public.\" The paper further recorded that he was congratulated in private by many of his colleagues after his speech.
Federally, when many Liberals rushed to support Sir Robert Laird Borden\'s Union Government during the Conscription Crisis of 1917, Boudreau remained loyal to Sir Wilfrid Laurier\'s anti-conscription Liberal stub.
During the 1921 election, Boudreau was defeated by Télesphore St. Arnaud of the United Farmers of Alberta. He returned to office in 1926 (when St. Arnaud did not run), but was defeated again in 1930 by St. Germain, this time running for the UFA. Over the course of the next five years, St. Germain became disillusioned with the UFA, and crossed the floor to the Liberals, meaning that when Boudreau challenged him in the 1935 election, he had to do so as an independent Liberal trying to unseat the Liberal incumbent. He defeated St. Germain on the first ballot (Alberta used a single transferable vote electoral system at the time), but was defeated on the second by Lucien Maynard of the Alberta Social Credit Party. This was the end of Boudreau\'s political career.
Boudreau, who stood little over five feet tall, was given the nickname \"the Little Napoleon of St. Albert\" by Perrin Baker, minister of education in the cabinet of John Edward Brownlee.
## Family and legacy {#family_and_legacy}
Lucien Boudreau\'s brother, Rudolphe, was Secretary of the Privy Council under Sir Wilfrid Laurier. His sister-in-law, Alice Renault, was married to Boudreau\'s sometime electoral opponent Omer St. Germain. Lucien Boudreau died in 1962 in St. Albert and was interred at the St. Albert Cemetery.
Boudreau Road in St. Albert is named in his honour
| 775 |
Lucien Boudreau
| 0 |
10,996,203 |
# Rohan Blizard
**Rohan Blizard** (born 20 May 1984) is an Australian professional golfer, who currently plays on the Asian Tour.
## Early life and amateur career {#early_life_and_amateur_career}
Blizard was born in New South Wales and plays golf at New South Wales Golf Club. The highlight of his amateur career came in March 2007 when he claimed the Australian Amateur at his home course. He used local knowledge to his advantage, progressing to the final where he defeated fellow New South Welshman Justin Roach 3 & 2. Blizard was also a member of the Golf Australia National Squad.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
In 2008, Blizard turned pro. His career highlight came in 2011 when he claimed the John Hughes Geely Nexus Risk Services Western Australia Open Championship, shooting a 5-under-par 67 in the final round for a 10-under-par total. This was a two stroke victory over Ashley Hall, David McKenzie and Matt Jager.
## Amateur wins {#amateur_wins}
- 2007 Australian Amateur, SBS Invitational
- 2008 New South Wales Medal, East of Scotland Open Amateur
## Professional wins (3) {#professional_wins_3}
### PGA Tour of Australasia wins (1) {#pga_tour_of_australasia_wins_1}
+-----+-------------+----------------------+-----------------------+------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of\ | Runners-up |
| | | | | victory | |
+=====+=============+======================+=======================+============+==========================================================+
| 1 | 30 Oct 2011 | WA Open Championship | −10 (67-70-74-67=278) | 2 strokes | Ashley Hall, `{{flagicon|AUS}}`{=mediawiki} Matt Jager,\ |
| | | | | | `{{flagicon|AUS}}`{=mediawiki} David McKenzie |
+-----+-------------+----------------------+-----------------------+------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
**PGA Tour of Australasia playoff record (0--1)**
No. Year Tournament Opponent Result
----- ------ ----------------------- ---------------- ------------------------------------
1 2015 Isuzu Queensland Open David Bransdon Lost to birdie on third extra hole
### PGA Tour China wins (1) {#pga_tour_china_wins_1}
+-----+-------------+-------------+--------------------+------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of\ | Runners-up |
| | | | | victory | |
+=====+=============+=============+====================+============+========================================================+
| 1 | 12 Jun 2016 | Lanhai Open | −10 (70-67-69=206) | 1 stroke | Dou Zecheng, `{{flagicon|USA}}`{=mediawiki} Jarin Todd |
+-----+-------------+-------------+--------------------+------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
### Other wins (1) {#other_wins_1}
- 2007 Tasmanian Open (as an amateur)
## Results in major championships {#results_in_major_championships}
Tournament 2008
----------------------- ------
The Open Championship CUT
*Note: Blizard only played in The Open Championship
| 366 |
Rohan Blizard
| 0 |
10,996,235 |
# 1999 Kansas City Chiefs season
The 1999 season was the Kansas City Chiefs\' 30th in the National Football League (NFL) and their 40th overall. The season began with the promotion of defensive coordinator Gunther Cunningham to head coach following the resignation of Marty Schottenheimer after the Chiefs finished with a 7--9 record in 1998.
The team improved on that in 1999, finishing with a 9--7 record, which was good enough for second place in the AFC West. However, the Chiefs were denied the division title and a playoff berth in the final game of the season against the Oakland Raiders, when Raiders kicker Joe Nedney kicked a field goal in overtime. This game also was the final game future Hall of Fame linebacker Derrick Thomas played in just over a month before his death on February 8, 2000.
## Offseason
### Draft
### Undrafted free agents {#undrafted_free_agents}
Player Position College
---------------- ---------------- -------------
Brandon Condie Tight end BYU
Ken Haslip Defensive back USC
Bill Lindquist Quarterback Benedictine
: 1999 undrafted free agents of note
## Personnel
### Staff
### Roster
## Preseason
Week Date Opponent Result Record Venue Attendance Recap
------ ----------- --------------------------- -------------- -------- ------------------- ------------ -------------------------------------------------------------
1 August 15 Tennessee Titans **W** 22--20 1--0 Arrowhead Stadium 75,152 [Recap](https://www.profootballarchives.com/1999nflkc.html)
2 Tampa Bay Buccaneers **L** 7--17 1--1 Arrowhead Stadium 76,292 [Recap](https://www.profootballarchives.com/1999nflkc.html)
3 at Jacksonville Jaguars **L** 6--31 1--2 Alltel Stadium 56,932 [Recap](https://www.profootballarchives.com/1999nflkc.html)
4 at **San Diego Chargers** **W** 34--27 2--2 Qualcomm Stadium 55,555 [Recap](https://www.profootballarchives.com/1999nflkc.html)
## Regular season {#regular_season}
### Schedule
Week Date Opponent Result Record Venue Attendance Recap
------ -------------- --------------------------- ------------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------- ------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 September 12 at Chicago Bears **L** 17--20 0--1 Soldier Field 58,381 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199909120chi.htm)
2 September 19 **Denver Broncos** **W** 26--10 1--1 Arrowhead Stadium 78,683 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199909190kan.htm)
3 September 26 Detroit Lions **W** 31--21 2--1 Arrowhead Stadium 78,384 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199909260kan.htm)
4 October 3 at **San Diego Chargers** **L** 14--21 2--2 Qualcomm Stadium 58,099 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199910030sdg.htm)
5 October 10 New England Patriots **W** 16--14 3--2 Arrowhead Stadium 78,636 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199910100kan.htm)
6 *Bye*
7 at Baltimore Ravens **W** 35--8 4--2 PSINet Stadium 68,771 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199910210rav.htm)
8 October 31 **San Diego Chargers** **W** 34--0 5--2 Arrowhead Stadium 78,473 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199910310kan.htm)
9 November 7 at Indianapolis Colts **L** 17--25 5--3 RCA Dome 56,689 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199911070clt.htm)
10 November 14 at Tampa Bay Buccaneers **L** 10--17 5--4 Raymond James Stadium 64,927 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199911140tam.htm)
11 November 21 **Seattle Seahawks** **L** 19--31 5--5 Arrowhead Stadium 78,714 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199911210kan.htm)
12 November 28 at **Oakland Raiders** **W** 37--34 6--5 Network Associates Coliseum 48,632 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199911280rai.htm)
13 December 5 at **Denver Broncos** **W** 16--10 7--5 Mile High Stadium 73,855 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199912050den.htm)
14 December 12 Minnesota Vikings **W** 31--28 8--5 Arrowhead Stadium 78,932 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199912120kan.htm)
15 Pittsburgh Steelers **W** 35--19 9--5 Arrowhead Stadium 78,697 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199912180kan.htm)
16 December 26 at **Seattle Seahawks** **L** 14--23 9--6 Kingdome 66,332 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199912260sea.htm)
17 January 2 **Oakland Raiders** **L** 38--41 `{{small|(OT)}}`{=mediawiki} 9--7 Arrowhead Stadium 79,026 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200001020kan.htm)
**Note:** Intra-division opponents are in **bold** text.
### Game summaries {#game_summaries}
#### Week 1: at Chicago Bears {#week_1_at_chicago_bears}
#### Week 2: vs. Denver Broncos {#week_2_vs._denver_broncos}
#### Week 3: vs. Detroit Lions {#week_3_vs._detroit_lions}
#### Week 4: at San Diego Chargers {#week_4_at_san_diego_chargers}
#### Week 5: vs. New England Patriots {#week_5_vs._new_england_patriots}
#### Week 7: at Baltimore Ravens {#week_7_at_baltimore_ravens}
#### Week 8: vs. San Diego Chargers {#week_8_vs._san_diego_chargers}
#### Week 9: at Indianapolis Colts {#week_9_at_indianapolis_colts}
#### Week 10: at Tampa Bay Buccaneers {#week_10_at_tampa_bay_buccaneers}
#### Week 11: vs. Seattle Seahawks {#week_11_vs._seattle_seahawks}
#### Week 12: at Oakland Raiders {#week_12_at_oakland_raiders}
#### Week 13: at Denver Broncos {#week_13_at_denver_broncos}
#### Week 14: vs. Minnesota Vikings {#week_14_vs._minnesota_vikings}
#### Week 15: vs. Pittsburgh Steelers {#week_15_vs._pittsburgh_steelers}
#### Week 16: at Seattle Seahawks {#week_16_at_seattle_seahawks}
#### Week 17: vs. Oakland Raiders {#week_17_vs
| 599 |
1999 Kansas City Chiefs season
| 0 |
10,996,247 |
# My Generation/Understand
\"**My Generation/Understand**\" is the ninth single by the Japanese artist Yui. Even though this is a double-A single, \"Understand\" is not included on the album *I Loved Yesterday*, but the song is included in the B-side compilation album, *My Short Stories*. \"My Generation\" was used as the theme song for the drama Seito Shokun!
| 57 |
My Generation/Understand
| 0 |
10,996,252 |
# Kurree
**Kurree Sharif** is a large village of Gujrat District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located at 32°31\'10N 74°12\'55E with an altitude of 220 metres (725 feet) and is about 45 km north east of Gujrat city and about 25 km from the city of Sialkot. It is perched atop a small hillock which overlooks the Marala Headworks at the point where the Chenab River enters Pakistan. The village comes under the administrative jurisdiction of Union Council Mari Khokhran.
## Demography
The village has a population of around 8000.
## History
Before the Partition of India the village had a population of Sikhs and Hindus who migrated to India. It contains the shrine of Jasrath Khokhar
| 120 |
Kurree
| 0 |
10,996,268 |
# Park Express Stakes
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 328, column 25):
unexpected 'b'
{| class = "sortable" | border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-size:90%"
^
``
| 26 |
Park Express Stakes
| 0 |
10,996,270 |
# Tumbleweed Tex Mex Grill & Margarita Bar
**Tumbleweed Tex Mex Grill & Margarita Bar** (also known as Tumbleweed Mexican Food, and Tumbleweed Southwest Grill & Bar) is a chain restaurant based in Louisville, Kentucky. It serves an American-Mexican cuisine in a combination Tex-Mex and Southwest style. Tumbleweed\'s menu includes Continental food, encompassing such foods as chicken and steak. The other major style of cuisine is a Mexican-themed menu, including burritos, chimichangas, chili con queso, and house salads.
## History
Tumbleweed Tex Mex Grill & Margarita Bar serves Southwest-style foods. George R. Keller and his wife Linda opened the first Tumbleweed restaurant in 1975 in New Albany, Indiana (directly across the Ohio River from Louisville), across the road from New Albany High School, and was originally called Tumbleweed Mexican Food. Then in 1978, Linda converted her parents\' Hillside Manor restaurant and bar on Mellwood Avenue in Louisville into a Tumbleweed. This location became the flagship for what was to become a chain of restaurants. In 1994, the restaurant was renamed Tumbleweed Southwest Grill & Bar.
In 1995, the Kellers sold the business to sixty local area investors for US\$9.8 million and an additional US\$1 million in a clause not to compete against the company\'s new owners. The company then became a publicly traded company to help fuel its expansion in the Midwest and overseas markets. John Butorac Jr., took over as president of the company, he was also the former vice president for Chi-Chi\'s.
In 2002, Terrance Smith, CEO of the establishment, was seeking ownership of the company with two other investors. However, on December 18, 2007, Terrance Smith resigned as president and CEO after seven years when the views of the company\'s board of directors began to diverge from his views. Matthew Higgins became the new president and CEO of the company, with his twin brother, Michael Higgins, as COO. Tumbleweed filed for bankruptcy in 2009. At the time of filing, the firm had 37 company-owned or franchised locations left in the states of Indiana, Ohio, and Kentucky and had one licensed location each in Germany and Kuwait. The company was able to emerge from bankruptcy the following year. Still, the company was not performing as well as it would like and was forced to close 8 out of 32 remaining locations in the tri-state area in 2014 after previously withdrawing from overseas operations. Locations in Illinois and Wisconsin closed in 2008 after the local franchise owner filed for bankruptcy. As of 2024, the restaurant operates 15 locations in Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio, including company-owned and franchise locations.
## International
In 1999, Tumbleweed began to expand overseas and had several overseas locations by 2006. The company had a restaurant on an American Army base located in Vilseck, Germany, that was known for its slow service. All of these locations were closed before 2014.
## Sedona Grill {#sedona_grill}
In 2007, Tumbleweed Restaurants decided that it wanted to expand into the upscale restaurant field by opening a separate chain called Sedona Grill with the first location being opened in Lima, Ohio in early 2007. The original plan was to have five locations opened by the end of the year. Ultimately, only one other location was opened, also in Ohio, before the company finally closed the money-losing operation at the beginning of 2008
| 551 |
Tumbleweed Tex Mex Grill & Margarita Bar
| 0 |
10,996,278 |
# Le bambole
***Le bambole*** (US title: ***The Dolls**\'\'; UK title:***Four Kinds of Love**\'\') is a 1965 comedy anthology film in four segments, starring Gina Lollobrigida, Nino Manfredi, Elke Sommer, Jean Sorel, Monica Vitti, Virna Lisi and Akim Tamiroff.
The four vignettes---\"The Telephone Call\" (\"La telefonata\"), \"Treatise on Eugenics\" (\"Il trattato di eugenetica\"), \"The Soup\" (\"La minestra\"), and \"Monsignor Cupid\" (\"Monsignor Cupido\")---concern secrets of love and secret lovers. The fourth segment is based on a tale of Boccaccio\'s *The Decameron*
| 80 |
Le bambole
| 0 |
10,996,295 |
# 1987 Federation Cup (tennis)
The **1987 Federation Cup** was the 25th edition of the most important competition between national teams in women\'s tennis. The tournament was held at Hollyburn Country Club in Vancouver, Canada, from 26 July -- 2 August. West Germany won their first title, defeating the United States in the final. This was their first victory after four previous final appearances.
## Qualifying round {#qualifying_round}
All ties were played at Hollyburn Country Club in Vancouver, Canada, on hard courts.
Winning Team Score Losing Team
------------------------------- ------- -------------
**`{{fed|ISR}}`{=mediawiki}** 3--0
**`{{fed|NOR}}`{=mediawiki}** 3--0
**`{{fed|DEN}}`{=mediawiki}** 3--0
2--1
**`{{fed|CHI}}`{=mediawiki}** 2--1
**`{{fed|IRL}}`{=mediawiki}** 3--0
**`{{fed|POL}}`{=mediawiki}** 2--1
**`{{fed|JAM}}`{=mediawiki}** w/o
**`{{fed|INA}}`{=mediawiki}** 2--1
**`{{fed|SUI}}`{=mediawiki}** 3--0
Winning nations advance to Main Draw, losing nations play in Consolation rounds.
### Israel vs. Zimbabwe {#israel_vs._zimbabwe}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ilana Berger \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Julia Muir \|1 \|3 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ilana Berger \|T1P2=Dalia Koriat \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Paula Iversen \|T2P2=Julia Muir \|1 \|1 \| }} }}
### Norway vs. Peru {#norway_vs._peru}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Amy Jönsson Raaholt \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Karim Strohmeier Merino \|0 \|0 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Amy Jönsson Raaholt \|T1P2=Monica Wiese \|6 \|7 \| \|T2P1=Paloma Collantes \|T2P2=Karim Strohmeier Merino \|0 \|5 \| }} }}
### Denmark vs. Luxembourg {#denmark_vs._luxembourg}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Tine Scheuer-Larsen \|6 \|3 \|6 \|T2P1=Karin Kschwendt \|2 \|6 \|4 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Tine Scheuer-Larsen \|T1P2=Lone Vandborg \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Ginette Huberty \|T2P2=Karin Kschwendt \|3 \|3 \| }} }}
### South Korea vs. Mexico {#south_korea_vs._mexico}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Cho Eun-ok \|4 \|0 \| \|T2P1=Claudia Hernández \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Kim Il-soon \|T1P2=Lee Jeong-soon \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Lucila Becerra \|T2P2=Claudia Hernández \|1 \|4 \| }} }}
### Chile vs. China {#chile_vs._china}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Macarena Miranda \|1 \|6 \|1 \|T2P1=Sun Yan \|6 \|4 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Carolina Espinoza \|T1P2=Macarena Miranda \|6 \|7 \| \|T2P1=Li Xinyi \|T2P2=Zhong Ni \|4 \|5 \| }} }}
### Ireland vs. Chinese Taipei {#ireland_vs._chinese_taipei}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Jennifer Thornton \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Lin Shi-min \|1 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Siobhán Nicholson \|T1P2=Lesley O\'Halloran \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Lin Shi-min \|T2P2=Wang Sai-hwa \|2 \|0 \| }} }}
### Poland vs. Philippines {#poland_vs._philippines}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Renata Skrzypczyńska \|1 \|7 \|3 \|T2P1=Dyan Castillejo \|6 \|5 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Renata Skrzypczyńska \|T1P2=Ewa Zerdecka \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Sarah Rafael \|T2P2=Jennifer Saberon \|3 \|4 \| }} }}
### Indonesia vs. Finland {#indonesia_vs._finland}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Yayuk Basuki \|4 \|5 \| \|T2P1=Anne Aallonen \|6 \|7 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Suzanna Anggarkusuma \|T1P2=Yayuk Basuki \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Anne Aallonen \|T2P2=Laura Mannisto \|4 \|2 \| }} }}
### Switzerland vs. Malta {#switzerland_vs._malta}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Eva Krapl \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Carol Cassar-Torreggiani \|0 \|2 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Céline Cohen \|T1P2=Eva Krapl \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Carol Cassar-Torreggiani \|T2P2=Alexia Gera \|2 \|1 \| }} }}
| 451 |
1987 Federation Cup (tennis)
| 0 |
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