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# 1987 Federation Cup (tennis)
## Main draw {#main_draw}
**Participating Teams**
-------------------------
1st Round losing teams play in Consolation rounds
### First round {#first_round}
#### United States vs. Japan {#united_states_vs._japan}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Chris Evert \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Etsuko Inoue \|2 \|4 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Chris Evert \|T1P2=Zina Garrison \|6 \|7 \| \|T2P1=Etsuko Inoue \|T2P2=Akiko Kijimuta \|2 \|5 \| }} }}
#### France vs. Austria {#france_vs._austria}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Nathalie Tauziat \|6 \|7 \| \|T2P1=Judith Wiesner \|3 \|5 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Isabelle Demongeot \|T1P2=Catherine Tanvier \|1 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Petra Huber \|T2P2=Judith Wiesner \|6 \|3 \|1 }} }}
#### Great Britain vs. Chile {#great_britain_vs._chile}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Jo Durie \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Macarena Miranda \|2 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Jo Durie \|T1P2=Anne Hobbs \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Carolina Espinoza \|T2P2=Macarena Miranda \|1 \|0 \| }} }}
#### Belgium vs. Italy {#belgium_vs._italy}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ann Devries \|2 \|5 \| \|T2P1=Raffaella Reggi \|6 \|7 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ann Devries \|T1P2=Sandra Wasserman \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Laura Garrone \|T2P2=Caterina Nozzoli \|3 \|1 \| }} }}
#### Bulgaria vs. Greece {#bulgaria_vs._greece}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Manuela Maleeva \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Angeliki Kanellopoulou \|0 \|0 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Yulia Berberian \|T1P2=Dora Rangelova \|2 \|4 \| \|T2P1=Angeliki Kanellopoulou \|T2P2=Olga Tsarbopoulou \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Ireland vs. Indonesia {#ireland_vs._indonesia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Jennifer Thornton \|4 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Yayuk Basuki \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Rhonda Howett \|T1P2=Lesley O\'Halloran \|6 \|3 \| \|T2P1=Yayuk Basuki \|T2P2=Waya Walalangi \|7 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Jamaica vs. Spain {#jamaica_vs._spain}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Joni Van Ryck De Groot \|3 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Arantxa Sánchez Vicario \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Henrietta Harris \|T1P2=Joni Van Ryck De Groot \|6 \|2 \| \|T2P1=María José Llorca \|T2P2=Arantxa Sánchez Vicario \|7 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Denmark vs. Australia {#denmark_vs._australia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Tine Scheuer-Larsen \|7 \|4 \|0 \|T2P1=Elizabeth Smylie \|5 \|6 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Tine Scheuer-Larsen \|T1P2=Lone Vandborg \|4 \|6 \|2 \|T2P1=Jenny Byrne \|T2P2=Wendy Turnbull \|6 \|2 \|6 }} }}
#### Argentina vs. Switzerland {#argentina_vs._switzerland}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Gabriela Sabatini \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Eva Krapl \|2 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Mercedes Paz \|T1P2=Gabriela Sabatini \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Céline Cohen \|T2P2=Eva Krapl \|2 \|0 \| }} }}
#### Brazil vs. New Zealand {#brazil_vs._new_zealand}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Patricia Medrado \|7 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Julie Richardson \|5 \|2 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Niege Dias \|T1P2=Patricia Medrado \|6 \|5 \|3 \|T2P1=Belinda Cordwell \|T2P2=Julie Richardson \|4 \|7 \|6 }} }}
#### Norway vs. South Korea {#norway_vs._south_korea}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Amy Jönsson Raaholt \|6 \|5 \|11 \|T2P1=Kim Il-soon \|1 \|7 \|9 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Amy Jönsson Raaholt \|T1P2=Stine Vogt-Andersen \|2 \|0 \| \|T2P1=Kim Il-soon \|T2P2=Lee Jeong-myung \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Hong Kong vs. West Germany {#hong_kong_vs._west_germany}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Patricia Hy \|7 \|2 \|4 \|T2P1=Steffi Graf \|6 \|6 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Patricia Hy \|T1P2=Paulette Moreno \|1 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Bettina Bunge \|T2P2=Silke Meier \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Canada vs. Netherlands {#canada_vs._netherlands}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Carling Bassett \|4 \|7 \|6 \|T2P1=Marcella Mesker \|6 \|5 \|2 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Carling Bassett \|T1P2=Jill Hetherington \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Marcella Mesker \|T2P2=Marianne van der Torre \|4 \|2 \| }} }}
#### Israel vs. Soviet Union {#israel_vs._soviet_union}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ilana Berger \|3 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Larisa Savchenko \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ilana Berger \|T1P2=Dalia Koriat \|1 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Svetlana Cherneva \|T2P2=Larisa Savchenko \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Poland vs. Yugoslavia {#poland_vs._yugoslavia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Renata Skrzypczyńska \|3 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Sabrina Goleš \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Renata Skrzypczyńska \|T1P2=Ewa Zerdecka \|2 \|4 \| \|T2P1=Sabrina Goleš \|T2P2=Renata Šašak \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Sweden vs. Czechoslovakia {#sweden_vs._czechoslovakia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Catarina Lindqvist \|3 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Hana Mandlíková \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Catarina Lindqvist \|T1P2=Maria Lindström \|3 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Hana Mandlíková \|T2P2=Jana Novotná \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
### Second round {#second_round}
#### United States vs. France {#united_states_vs._france}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Chris Evert \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Nathalie Tauziat \|1 \|0 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Chris Evert \|T1P2=Pam Shriver \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Isabelle Demongeot \|T2P2=Catherine Tanvier \|3 \|3 \| }} }}
#### Great Britain vs. Italy {#great_britain_vs._italy}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Jo Durie \|5 \|4 \| \|T2P1=Raffaella Reggi \|7 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Jo Durie \|T1P2=Anne Hobbs \|6 \|7 \|6 \|T2P1=Sandra Cecchini \|T2P2=Raffaella Reggi \|7 \|5 \|4 }} }}
#### Bulgaria vs. Indonesia {#bulgaria_vs._indonesia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Manuela Maleeva \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Yayuk Basuki \|4 \|0 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Yulia Berberian \|T1P2=Dora Rangelova \|0 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Suzanna Anggarkusuma \|T2P2=Yayuk Basuki \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Spain vs. Australia {#spain_vs._australia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Arantxa Sánchez Vicario \|1 \|6 \|1 \|T2P1=Elizabeth Smylie \|6 \|4 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=María José Llorca \|T1P2=Arantxa Sánchez Vicario \|1 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Elizabeth Smylie \|T2P2=Wendy Turnbull \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Argentina vs. New Zealand {#argentina_vs._new_zealand}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Gabriela Sabatini \|6 \|7 \| \|T2P1=Belinda Cordwell \|3 \|5 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Mercedes Paz \|T1P2=Gabriela Sabatini \|4 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Belinda Cordwell \|T2P2=Julie Richardson \|6 \|3 \|1 }} }}
#### South Korea vs. West Germany {#south_korea_vs._west_germany}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Kim Il-soon \|1 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Steffi Graf \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Kim Il-soon \|T1P2=Lee Jeong-myung \|1 \|0 \| \|T2P1=Steffi Graf \|T2P2=Claudia Kohde-Kilsch \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Canada vs. Soviet Union {#canada_vs._soviet_union}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Carling Bassett \|7 \|4 \|4 \|T2P1=Larisa Savchenko \|5 \|6 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Jill Hetherington \|T1P2=Helen Kelesi \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Svetlana Cherneva \|T2P2=Larisa Savchenko \|4 \|3 \| }} }}
#### Yugoslavia vs. Czechoslovakia {#yugoslavia_vs._czechoslovakia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Sabrina Goleš \|4 \|3 \| \|T2P1=Hana Mandlíková \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Sabrina Goleš \|T1P2=Renata Šašak \|4 \|7 \|4 \|T2P1=Jana Novotná \|T2P2=Regina Rajchrtová \|6 \|5 \|6 }} }}
### Quarterfinals
#### United States vs. Great Britain {#united_states_vs._great_britain}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Chris Evert \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Jo Durie \|3 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Elise Burgin \|T1P2=Zina Garrison \|7 \|7 \| \|T2P1=Jo Durie \|T2P2=Anne Hobbs \|5 \|5 \| }} }}
#### Bulgaria vs. Australia {#bulgaria_vs._australia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Manuela Maleeva \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Elizabeth Smylie \|4 \|4 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1= \|T2P1= \| np=}} }}
#### Argentina vs. West Germany {#argentina_vs._west_germany}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Gabriela Sabatini \|4 \|4 \| \|T2P1=Steffi Graf \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Mercedes Paz \|T1P2=Gabriela Sabatini \|6.015 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Bettina Bunge \|T2P2=Silke Meier \|7 \|1 \|2 }} }}
#### Canada vs. Czechoslovakia {#canada_vs._czechoslovakia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Carling Bassett \|4 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Hana Mandlíková \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Jill Hetherington \|T1P2=Helen Kelesi \|6.025 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Hana Mandlíková \|T2P2=Helena Suková \|7 \|6 \| }} }}
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# 1987 Federation Cup (tennis)
## Main draw {#main_draw}
### Semifinals
#### United States vs. Bulgaria {#united_states_vs._bulgaria}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Chris Evert \|6 \|2 \|6 \|T2P1=Manuela Maleeva \|2 \|6 \|4 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Chris Evert \|T1P2=Pam Shriver \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Katerina Maleeva \|T2P2=Dora Rangelova \|1 \|1 \| }} }}
#### West Germany vs. Czechoslovakia {#west_germany_vs._czechoslovakia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Steffi Graf \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Hana Mandlíková \|4 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Steffi Graf \|T1P2=Claudia Kohde-Kilsch \|7 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Hana Mandlíková \|T2P2=Helena Suková \|5 \|2 \| }} }}
### Final
#### United States vs. West Germany {#united_states_vs._west_germany}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Chris Evert \|2 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Steffi Graf \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Chris Evert \|T1P2=Pam Shriver \|6 \|5 \|4 \|T2P1=Steffi Graf \|T2P2=Claudia Kohde-Kilsch \|1 \|7 \|6 }} }} `{{winners-other|1987 Federation Cup Champions|West Germany|[[West Germany]]|First}}`{=mediawiki}
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# 1987 Federation Cup (tennis)
## Consolation rounds {#consolation_rounds}
### Draw
### First round {#first_round_1}
#### Mexico vs. Norway {#mexico_vs._norway}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Claudia Hernández \|0 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Amy Jönsson Raaholt \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Lucila Becerra \|T1P2=Alejandra Vallejo \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Amy Jönsson Raaholt \|T2P2=Monica Wiese \|3 \|1 \| }} }}
#### Poland vs. Ireland {#poland_vs._ireland}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Renata Skrzypczyńska \|3 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Jennifer Thornton \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Renata Skrzypczyńska \|T1P2=Ewa Zerdecka \|4 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Rhona Howett \|T2P2=Lesley O\'Halloran \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Peru vs. Malta {#peru_vs._malta}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Karim Strohmeier Merino \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Carol Cassar-Torreggiani \|4 \|2 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Paloma Collantes \|T1P2=Karina Heck \|4 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Carol Cassar-Torreggiani \|T2P2=Alexia Gera \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Hong Kong vs. Finland {#hong_kong_vs._finland}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Patricia Hy \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Anne Aallonen \|2 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Patricia Hy \|T1P2=Paulette Moreno \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Anne Aallonen \|T2P2=Laura Mannisto \|1 \|2 \| }} }}
#### Jamaica vs. Netherlands {#jamaica_vs._netherlands}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Joni Van Ryck De Groot \|1 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Marcella Mesker \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Henrietta Harris \|T1P2=Joni Van Ryck De Groot \|1 \|0 \| \|T2P1=Marcella Mesker \|T2P2=Marianne van der Torre \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Philippines vs. Zimbabwe {#philippines_vs._zimbabwe}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Jennifer Saberon \|6 \|3 \|4 \|T2P1=Julia Muir \|2 \|6 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Sarah Rafael \|T1P2=Jennifer Saberon \|5 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Lesley Barbour \|T2P2=Paula Iversen \|7 \|3 \|8 }} }}
#### China vs. Switzerland {#china_vs._switzerland}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Zhong Ni \|6 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Eva Krapl \|7 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Weng Qin-Di \|T1P2=Zhong Ni \|4 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Céline Cohen \|T2P2=Eva Krapl \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Israel vs. Chinese Taipei {#israel_vs._chinese_taipei}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ilana Berger \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Lin Shi-min \|1 \|2 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ilana Berger \|T1P2=Yael Shavit \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Lin Ya-hui \|T2P2=Wang Dai-hwa \|2 \|3 \| }} }}
#### Chile vs. Luxembourg {#chile_vs._luxembourg}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Macarena Miranda \|0 \|0 \| \|T2P1=Karin Kschwendt \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Carolina Espinoza \|T1P2=Macarena Miranda \|4 \|6 \|1 \|T2P1=Ginette Huberty \|T2P2=Karin Kschwendt \|6 \|3 \|6 }} }}
### Second round {#second_round_1}
#### Sweden vs. Mexico {#sweden_vs._mexico}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Catarina Lindqvist \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Claudia Hernández \|2 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Catrin Jexell \|T1P2=Maria Lindström \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Xóchitl Escobedo \|T2P2=Alejandra Vallejo \|2 \|1 \| }} }}
#### Denmark vs. Ireland {#denmark_vs._ireland}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Tine Scheuer-Larsen \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Jennifer Thornton \|4 \|2 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Tine Scheuer-Larsen \|T1P2=Lone Vandborg \|7 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Siobhán Nicholson \|T2P2=Lesley O\'Halloran \|5 \|2 \| }} }}
#### Brazil vs. Peru {#brazil_vs._peru}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Niege Dias \|2 \|7 \|6 \|T2P1=Karim Strohmeier Merino \|6 \|6.005 \|0 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Niege Dias \|T1P2=Cláudia Monteiro \|6 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Paloma Collantes \|T2P2=Karim Strohmeier Merino \|1 \|7 \|3 }} }}
#### Belgium vs. Hong Kong {#belgium_vs._hong_kong}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ann Devries \|3 \|4 \| \|T2P1=Patricia Hy \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ann Devries \|T1P2=Sandra Wasserman \|3 \|3 \| \|T2P1=Patricia Hy \|T2P2=Paulette Moreno \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Netherlands vs. Zimbabwe {#netherlands_vs._zimbabwe}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Marcella Mesker \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Julia Muir \|0 \|0 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Marcella Mesker \|T1P2=Marianne van der Torre \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Paula Iversen \|T2P2=Julia Muir \|2 \|4 \| }} }}
#### Switzerland vs. Japan {#switzerland_vs._japan}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Eva Krapl \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Etsuko Inoue \|2 \|2 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Céline Cohen \|T1P2=Eva Krapl \|3 \|5 \| \|T2P1=Emiko Okagawa \|T2P2=Masako Yanagi \|6 \|7 \| }} }}
#### Israel vs. Greece {#israel_vs._greece}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ilana Berger \|4 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Angeliki Kanellopoulou \|6 \|1 \|1 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ilana Berger \|T1P2=Dalia Koriat \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Angeliki Kanellopoulou \|T2P2=Olga Tsarbopoulou \|3 \|1 \| }} }}
#### Luxembourg vs. Austria {#luxembourg_vs._austria}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Karin Kschwendt \|0 \|7 \|3 \|T2P1=Judith Wiesner \|6 \|5 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ginette Huberty \|T1P2=Pascale Welter \|0 \|0 \| \|T2P1=Petra Huber \|T2P2=Judith Wiesner \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
### Quarterfinals {#quarterfinals_1}
#### Sweden vs. Denmark {#sweden_vs._denmark}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Catarina Lindqvist \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Tine Scheuer-Larsen \|0 \|4 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Catrin Jexell \|T1P2=Maria Lindström \|6 \|4 \|3 \|T2P1=Tine Scheuer-Larsen \|T2P2=Lone Vandborg \|2 \|6 \|6 }} }}
#### Brazil vs. Hong Kong {#brazil_vs._hong_kong}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Niege Dias \|2 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Patricia Hy \|6 \|7 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1= \| \| \| \|T2P1= \| \| \| }} }}
#### Netherlands vs. Switzerland {#netherlands_vs._switzerland}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Marcella Mesker \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Emanuela Zardo \|3 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Marcella Mesker \|T1P2=Marianne van der Torre \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Céline Cohen \|T2P2=Emanuela Zardo \|0 \|1 \| }} }}
#### Israel vs. Austria {#israel_vs._austria}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ilana Berger \|2 \|6 \|4 \|T2P1=Judith Wiesner \|6 \|2 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1= \| \| \| \|T2P1= \| \| \|np= }} }}
### Semifinals {#semifinals_1}
#### Sweden vs. Hong Kong {#sweden_vs._hong_kong}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Catarina Lindqvist \|7 \|7 \| \|T2P1=Patricia Hy \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Catarina Lindqvist \|T1P2=Maria Lindström \|6 \|4 \|7 \|T2P1=Patricia Hy \|T2P2=Paulette Moreno \|0 \|6 \|9 }} }}
#### Netherlands vs. Austria {#netherlands_vs._austria}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Marcella Mesker \|7 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Judith Wiesner \|5 \|3 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1= \| \| \| \|T2P1= \| \| \|np= }} }}
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# 1987 Federation Cup (tennis)
## Consolation rounds {#consolation_rounds}
### Final {#final_1}
#### Hong Kong vs. Netherlands {#hong_kong_vs
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# 1998 Kansas City Chiefs season
The 1998 season was the Kansas City Chiefs\' 39th in the National Football League (NFL) and their 29th overall.
The season began with the team hoping to not only improve on their 13--3 campaign the previous season but to also avenge their loss in the 1998 playoffs against the eventual Super Bowl champion Denver Broncos. However, instead, the Chiefs failed to succeed in the highly competitive AFC West.
Kansas City began the season on a bright spot, with a 4--1 record and three wins against division rivals; however they then endured a 6-game losing streak, dropping their record to 4--7, and the team finished with a 7--9 record and 4th place in the AFC West. The biggest low point of the season was during a Week 11 matchup against their division rival Denver Broncos, in which the Chiefs defense were penalized five times on the same drive, including three penalties by linebacker Derrick Thomas, topping off an embarrassing 30--7 loss.
This was the first losing season of head coach Marty Schottenheimer\'s career. Following the season, Schottenheimer announced his intention to resign after ten seasons with the team, and defensive coordinator Gunther Cunningham assumed coaching duties for 1999.
This was the first time Derrick Thomas was not named to the Pro Bowl roster.
## Offseason
On April 9, Marcus Allen announced his retirement.
### Draft
## Personnel
### Staff
### Roster
## Preseason
Week Date Opponent Result Record Venue Attendance Recap
------ ------ -------------------------- ------------------------------------------- -------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ -------------------------------------------------------------
1 vs. Green Bay Packers **L** 24--27 `{{small|(OT)}}`{=mediawiki} 0--1 Tokyo Dome `{{small|([[Tokyo]])}}`{=mediawiki} 42,018 [Recap](https://www.profootballarchives.com/1998nflkc.html)
2 vs. Tampa Bay Buccaneers **W** 17--13 1--1 Oklahoma Memorial Stadium `{{small|([[Norman, Oklahoma|Norman, OK]])}}`{=mediawiki} 43,657 [Recap](https://www.profootballarchives.com/1998nflkc.html)
3 at Minnesota Vikings **L** 0--34 1--2 Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome 60,955 [Recap](https://www.profootballarchives.com/1998nflkc.html)
4 Jacksonville Jaguars **W** 22--21 2--2 Arrowhead Stadium 71,079 [Recap](https://www.profootballarchives.com/1998nflkc.html)
5 St. Louis Rams **L** 6--10 2--3 Arrowhead Stadium 69,501 [Recap](https://www.profootballarchives.com/1998nflkc.html)
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# 1998 Kansas City Chiefs season
## Regular season {#regular_season}
The Chiefs began the season well on September 6 with an impressive performance and easily defeated the Oakland Raiders at Arrowhead 28--8. Kansas City sacked the Raiders quarterbacks 10 times, with Derrick Thomas collecting 6 by himself.
On September 13, Kansas City fell to the Jacksonville Jaguars on the road, 21--16.
On September 27, the Chiefs visited the Philadelphia Eagles for the first time in franchise history.
On October 4, Kansas City conquered the Seattle Seahawks and the rain at Arrowhead, 17--6. Rich Gannon hit Andre Rison for an 80-yard touchdown pass after a 54-minute rain delay caused by a violent storm. The two teams combined for nine turnovers, five by Kansas City. The win improved the Chiefs\' record to 4--1, however a 6-game losing streak following this game dropped the team to 4--7.
On November 16, against the Denver Broncos, the Chiefs defense was penalized five times on one drive, three of the penalties coming from legendary linebacker Derrick Thomas. The game is known now by Chiefs fans as the \"Monday Night Meltdown\". After that it was all downhill as the Chiefs suffered their first losing season since 1988.
### Schedule
Week Date Opponent Result Record Venue Attendance Recap
------ -------------- --------------------------- -------------- -------- ----------------------------- ------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 September 6 **Oakland Raiders** **W** 28--8 1--0 Arrowhead Stadium 78,945 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199809060kan.htm)
2 September 13 at Jacksonville Jaguars **L** 16--21 1--1 Alltel Stadium 69,821 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199809130jax.htm)
3 September 20 **San Diego Chargers** **W** 23--7 2--1 Arrowhead Stadium 73,730 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199809200kan.htm)
4 September 27 at Philadelphia Eagles **W** 24--21 3--1 Veterans Stadium 66,675 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199809270phi.htm)
5 October 4 **Seattle Seahawks** **W** 17--6 4--1 Arrowhead Stadium 66,418 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199810040kan.htm)
6 October 11 at New England Patriots **L** 10--40 4--2 Foxboro Stadium 59,749 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199810110nwe.htm)
7 *Bye*
8 Pittsburgh Steelers **L** 13--20 4--3 Arrowhead Stadium 79,431 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199810260kan.htm)
9 November 1 New York Jets **L** 17--20 4--4 Arrowhead Stadium 65,104 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199811010kan.htm)
10 November 8 at **Seattle Seahawks** **L** 12--24 4--5 Kingdome 66,251 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199811080sea.htm)
11 **Denver Broncos** **L** 7--30 4--6 Arrowhead Stadium 78,100 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199811160kan.htm)
12 November 22 at **San Diego Chargers** **L** 37--38 4--7 Qualcomm Stadium 59,894 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199811220sdg.htm)
13 November 29 Arizona Cardinals **W** 34--24 5--7 Arrowhead Stadium 69,613 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199811290kan.htm)
14 December 6 at **Denver Broncos** **L** 31--35 5--8 Mile High Stadium 74,962 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199812060den.htm)
15 December 13 Dallas Cowboys **W** 20--17 6--8 Arrowhead Stadium 77,697 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199812130kan.htm)
16 December 20 at New York Giants **L** 7--28 6--9 Giants Stadium 66,040 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199812200nyg.htm)
17 at **Oakland Raiders** **W** 31--24 7--9 Network Associates Coliseum 52,679 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199812260rai.htm)
**Note:** Intra-division opponents are in **bold** text.
### Game summaries {#game_summaries}
#### Week 1: vs. Oakland Raiders {#week_1_vs._oakland_raiders}
#### Week 2: at Jacksonville Jaguars {#week_2_at_jacksonville_jaguars}
#### Week 3: vs. San Diego Chargers {#week_3_vs._san_diego_chargers}
#### Week 4: at Philadelphia Eagles {#week_4_at_philadelphia_eagles}
#### Week 5: vs. Seattle Seahawks {#week_5_vs._seattle_seahawks}
#### Week 6: at New England Patriots {#week_6_at_new_england_patriots}
#### Week 8: vs. Pittsburgh Steelers {#week_8_vs._pittsburgh_steelers}
#### Week 9: vs. New York Jets {#week_9_vs._new_york_jets}
#### Week 10: at Seattle Seahawks {#week_10_at_seattle_seahawks}
#### Week 11: vs. Denver Broncos {#week_11_vs._denver_broncos}
#### Week 12: at San Diego Chargers {#week_12_at_san_diego_chargers}
#### Week 13: vs. Arizona Cardinals {#week_13_vs._arizona_cardinals}
#### Week 14: at Denver Broncos {#week_14_at_denver_broncos}
#### Week 15: vs. Dallas Cowboys {#week_15_vs._dallas_cowboys}
#### Week 16: at New York Giants {#week_16_at_new_york_giants}
#### Week 17: at Oakland Raiders {#week_17_at_oakland_raiders}
### Standings
## Awards and records {#awards_and_records}
The team was penalized 158 times for 1,304 yards, an NFL record that stood until the Oakland Raiders surpassed it in 2011
| 577 |
1998 Kansas City Chiefs season
| 1 |
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# Greatest Hits (Social Distortion album)
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 106, column 1):
unexpected '{'
{{album chart|Billboard200|86|artist=Social Distortion|rowheader=true|access-date=April 8, 2024}}
^
``
| 24 |
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| 0 |
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# Gary G. Cohen
**Gary G. Cohen** is President Emeritus of Cohen Theological Seminary, in Torrance, California, and in Seoul, South Korea. After graduating from Temple University in Philadelphia with a B.S.Ed., he taught high school biology and chemistry at Germantown High School in Philadelphia, and physics at Shelton College in Ringwood, New Jersey. Cohen then graduated from Faith Theological Seminary with an M.Div. and a STM, and received his Th.D. from Grace Theological Seminary in Winona Lake, Indiana. In 1989, a Litt.D. was conferred upon him for his writings, including *Hosea-Amos,* *Understanding Revelation,* *The Horsemen Are Coming,* and *Weep Not for Me*. Articles by him appear in *Zion\'s Fire* and in other periodicals.
Cohen was one of the translators of the *New King James Bible*, and he did editorial work on the *Red Letter King James Bible* and contributed articles for the *Christian Life Bible* and the *Kirban Prophecy Bible*. His articles on Hebrew and Greek words appear in the *\"Old Testament Theological Word Book\"* and in *\"The Complete Bible Library.\"*
Cohen is a retired Army Reserve chaplain (COL), and is a graduate of the United States Air Force Air War College. He has also served as pastor of two churches, as president of both Graham Bible College (in Bristol, Tennessee) and Clearwater Christian College, and as a professor at Miami Christian College.
In 1994, with the help of his family, he built the prototype for the model of the old City of Jerusalem, housed in Orlando, FL, at the Holy Land Experience until its closure in 2020
| 259 |
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| 0 |
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# The Neighbor No. Thirteen
is a horror film directed by Yasuo Inoue and written by Hajime Kado. It is based on Santa Inoue\'s manga of the same name, with Oguri Shun, Hirofumi Arai and Nakamura Shido in major roles.
The first volume of the manga is available in English on Kindle.
## Plot
Juzo Murasaki (Oguri Shun) arrives at a work construction area for his new job as a construction worker. To his quiet dismay, his supervising boss is Toru Akai (Hirofumi Arai) who, along with his gang, had made Juzo\'s life a living hell during their middle school years. Akai however doesn\'t recognise Juzo.
Juzo becomes more disconcerted when he discovers Akai is living with his wife, Nozomi Akai (Yumi Yoshimura), and their toddler son above Juzo\'s new apartment. As he struggles to accept those unexpected developments, a mysterious sinister-looking hooded figure appears nearby. When Juzo later has a closer look, half of the man\'s face is scarred and he calls himself Number 13 (Nakamura Shido).
As Juzo attempts to control his flashbacks and dreams, boss Akai constantly picks on him and other workers including another former middle-school student Seki Hajime (Tomoya Ishii), who ignores Juzo\'s asocial tendencies by being a friendly face. Meanwhile, Akai\'s wife Nozomi attempts to make friends with Juzo by inviting him into her home and encouraging him to look after her toddler son. One evening she proudly shows Juzo her husband\'s school photos. Juzo notices the mark X in a gap between students. He suffers an intense flashback, which reveals the cause of his absence that day: Akai and his gang bully Juzo in the school\'s science room until they throw acid at Juzo\'s face.
At construction site, Seki becomes suspicious of Juzo\'s increasingly odd behaviour, and goes to Akai with his concerns. Unaware that Number 13 is watching, Seki tries to get Akai\'s attention, but Akai walks away. Seki becomes aware of Number 13, who immediately kills him. Number 13 haunts Juzo wherever he goes. Meanwhile, Arai watches Juzo with growing suspicion as a number of his workers and neighbours disappear without trace.
After finding Nozomi\'s body in the apartment upstairs with the toddler nowhere in sight, Juzo realises where Number 13 has taken the toddler son to and hurries off to save the boy. Coming home from work, Akai discovers his wife\'s body and his son gone. He\'s already guessed Juzo was a former classmate and that he has taken his son to their middle school.
At school, Juzo finds the toddler drowned in a school bathroom and realises Number 13 is out of control. He walks around the school, trying to find Number 13. He comes across Akai, who attacks Juzo while demanding his son back. After a violent confrontation, Juzo---who we realise is Number 13 all along---kneels over Akai on the floor. As he is about to stab Akai\'s head, Akai desperately shouts: \"I\'m sorry!\" Juzo freezes. The apology splits Juzo\'s universe into two.
Universe #1: as described above.
Universe #2: in the science room, Juzo rebels against Akai\'s bullying, which causes Akai to apologise. Juzo later appears in a class photo as a happy-looking middle school student next to Akai and the gang. As an adult, he walks past an apartment block where he and the Akai family lived in Universe #1. Juzo notes construction workers are taking down the apartment-block sign, which suggests the block is slated to be demolished. He spots a dark hooded figure standing in a window. It\'s Number 13. Juzo looks away as if he doesn\'t recognise him, and continues walking next to his work friend. It\'s Akai.
At this point, we viewers realise the events in Universe #1 never took place in Universe #2. Universe #1 is a scenario of what could have been if Juzo hadn\'t stood up to Akai\'s bullying in the science room, which could end with having acid thrown at Juzo\'s face. This would have given birth to Number 13 albeit Universe #1.
## Cast
- Nakamura Shido as 13-gō / No
| 674 |
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| 0 |
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# List of countries by firearm-related homicide rates
This is a **list of countries by firearm-related homicide rate** per 100,000 population by year.
Homicide figures may include justifiable homicides along with criminal homicides, depending upon jurisdiction and reporting standards. Not included are accidental deaths, or justifiable deaths by any means other than by firearm.
## Table of homicide rates from firearms {#table_of_homicide_rates_from_firearms}
All the data in this table is from United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). There are 2 countries in the UNODC dataset that are missing from the table below: Egypt (2.062 rate in 2011) and India (0.297 rate in 2012).
- ***Asterisk** (\*) in **Location** column indicates a **Crime in LOCATION** article.*
Location 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
---------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
1.126 1.751 1.430 1.635 1.599 1.528 1.493 1.596 2.427
0.096 0.140 0.133 0.084 0.091 0.129 0.136 0.217 0.106
0 0
8.532 4.291 3.238 2.171 3.274 10.975 4.417 1.112
2.305 2.418 2.685 2.521 2.733 2.826 3.655
0.674 0.212 0.631 0.523 0.903 0.277
0.103 0.096 0.078 0.150 0.100 0.094 0.132 0.113 0.153
0.145 0.179 0.135 0.101 0.090 0.182 0.103 0.058 0.105
0.165 0.175 0.186 0.148 0.179 0.180
28.538 25.496 14.269 19.528 20.154 26.816 23.739 28.521 26.983
11.717 6.046 9.263 11.064 6.436 8.238 5.742 6.832 6.126
0.206
22.454 22.748 20.004 23.388 25.127 21.885 22.324 19.729 20.151
4.674 3.124 0 4.719 4.741 7.928 1.584 3.157
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.384 0.306 0.184 0.272 0.267 0.376 0.169 0.099
0.495 0.428 0.362 0.625 0.441 0.669 0.546 0.908 0.644
15.945
0.237 0.152 0.287 0.244
1.926 2.124 5.552 2.717 4.761
0.889 0.781 0.736 0.704 0.678 0.730 0.617 0.501 0.438
3.637 2.221 2.617 1.854 2.016 1.818 1.532 1.466 1.442
18.127 18.252 16.344 16.149 16.470 18.357 18.528 19.682 21.126
8.304 7.905 7.474 7.955 8.711 7.765 7.865 6.750
0.223 0.172 0.268 0.363 0.120 0.572 0.331 0.165 0.373
0.160 0.402 0.242 0.163 0.164 0.165 0.501 0.505 0.255
0.095 0.076 0.047 0.085 0.076 0.066 0.019 0.095
0.052 0.139 0.175
1.381 9.723 9.800 9.884 8.522 2.854 0 0
6.724 6.116 4.409 4.264 4.914 5.767 5.918 11.116
22.565 10.248 4.588 3.759 2.727 3.025 2.731 3.365 4.355
4.782 11.181 14.715 27.929 41.441 47.984 68.106 88.845 48.393
1.426
0.091 0.218 0.109 0.164 0.219 0.201
0.100 0.142
0.848 0.768
0.065 0.048 0.045 0.052 0.069
0.318 0.268 0.257 0.236 0.329 0.206 0.242
0 1.617 0 2.462 0 0.834 0
3.436 3.554 6.197 6.712 8.457 33.380 26.270
2.983 3.387 4.131 2.546 2.882 4.216 5.695
0 0 0 0
28.721 26.962 30.194 27.112 29.158 41.868 42.294 53.364
0 0 0 0 0.027 0 0 0 0.014
0.040 0.021 0.072 0.031 0.123 0 0.041 0.030
0.270 0 0 0 0 0.298 0 0
0.369 0.543
0.202 0.154 0.171
44.706 44.206 39.639 39.769 36.097 47.857 39.248 34.855 25.677
0.003 0.003 0.002
0.425 0.242 0.311 0.449 0.335 0.460
0.105 0.349 0.261
0
0.106 0.070 0.139 0.241 0.102
0.180
0 0
0 0.776 0.596 0.203 0.417 0 0.438 0.672
0 0.154
17.497 19.333 20.346 20.679 20.723 17.842 13.106 10.654 10.058
0
0.090 0.061 0 0.190 0.065 0.099 0.101 0.276
1.914 1.115 1.908 2.062 1.109 1.739 2.527 1.577 1.892
0.024 0.005 0.094 0.025 0.014 0.009 0.043 0.006
0.216 0.194 0.184 0.190 0.185 0.209 0.152 0.182 0.236
1.230 0.248 0.232 0.171 0.152 0.133
2.000 3.286 6.117 2.886 3.302
0.238 0.189 0.568 0.758 0.237 0.854 1.092
0.157 0.210 0.158 0.264 0.106 0.107 0.322 0.270 0.109
0.066 0.065 0.022 0 0.045 0
0.370
10.227 9.361 8.624 7.058 6.494 7.078 8.087 11.289
4.803 4.351 5.360 4.609 5.491 6.670 6.442 5.746
2.937 2.288 3.357 3.113 3.312 3.416 4.194
1.103 1.567 3.050 4.286
18.382 15.898 17.697
0.227 0.289 0.255 0.283 0.120
25.207 12.594 18.863 33.500 39.761 60.685
30.580 26.162 22.317 17.359 12.367 18.062
20.128 17.203 9.531 20.897 22.738 27.368
0.235 0.151 0.272 0.351 0.552 0.415 0.173 0.186
0.071 0.055 0.055 0.275 0.110 0.184 0.276 0.055 0.240
0.142 0 0 0.284 0.095 0.143 0.048 0.048 0.193
0
0.018 0.055 0.018 0.055 0.037 0.019 0.019 0
0.105 0.082 0.078 0.112 0.105 0.135 0.084 0.097 0.121
0.074 0.343 0.237 0.224 0.211 0.240
3.398 2.610 2.141 1.666 3.369 1.362 2.580
0.597 0.430 0.463 0.438 0.423 0.398 0.301 0.335 0.287
0.137 0.092 0.104 0.128 0.153 0.166 0.191 0.205 0.085
0.063
0.103 0.152
1.464 1.805
20.551 28.488 27.647 25.497 23.285 20.956
0.661 0.561 0.426 0.431
0.043 0
0.047 0.054 0.048 0.055 0.041 0.037
4.054 3.152 3.156 3.342 3.178 2.804 2.581
6.807 5.370 6.387 7.175 8.696 4.968 4.745 5.877 4.806
0.012 0.009 0.022 0.035
: Homicide rates by firearm per 100,000 inhabitants.
## Table
All the data in this table is from United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). This format allows for easier sorting, ranking, and comparison of countries.
- ***Asterisk** (\*) in **Location** column indicates a **Crime in LOCATION** article.*
Location Rate Year
---------- -------- ------
1.126 2022
0.096 2022
0 2015
8.532 2022
2.305 2022
0.674 2019
0.103 2022
0.145 2022
0.165 2021
28.538 2022
11.717 2022
0.206 2014
22.454 2022
4.674 2021
0 2020
0.384 2022
0.495 2022
15.945 2020
0.237 2017
1.926 2018
0.889 2022
3.637 2022
18.127 2022
8.304 2021
0.223 2022
0.160 2022
0.095 2022
0.052 2018
1.381 2021
6.724 2022
22.565 2022
2.062 2011
4.782 2022
1.426 2021
0.091 2019
0.100 2017
0.848 2018
0.065 2020
0.318 2022
0 2021
3.436 2021
2.983 2021
0 2022
28.721 2021
0 2022
0.040 2022
0.270 2021
0.297 2012
0.369 2015
0.202 2022
44.706 2022
0.003 2019
0.425 2022
0.105 2020
0 2016
0.106 2020
0.180 2014
0 2015
0 2021
0 2022
17.497 2022
0 2015
0.090 2021
1.914 2022
0.024 2022
0.216 2022
1.230 2019
2.000 2021
0.238 2021
0.157 2022
0.066 2022
0.370 2021
10.227 2021
4.803 2021
2.937 2020
1.103 2019
18.382 2016
0.227 2020
25.207 2021
30.580 2022
20.128 2021
0.018 2021
0.235 2022
0.071 2022
0.142 2022
0 2021
0.105 2022
0.074 2019
3.398 2022
0.597 2022
0.137 2022
0.063 2020
0.103 2015
1.464 2016
20.551 2020
0.661 2021
0.043 2021
0.047 2021
4.054 2020
6.807 2022
0.012 2019
: Homicide rates by firearm per 100,000 inhabitants. Latest available year
| 1,011 |
List of countries by firearm-related homicide rates
| 0 |
10,996,404 |
# Internet Radio Equality Act
The **Internet Radio Equality Act** (IREA), originally introduced as `{{USBill|110|H.R.|2060}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Clarify|date=April 2009}}`{=mediawiki}, is proposed legislation by Rep Jay Inslee (D) WA to nullify the May 1, 2007, determination of the Copyright Royalty Board (CRB) modifying the current webcast radio royalties and fees retroactively to January 1, 2006. The previous system charged radio stations a per performance rate of \$0.000768, and it was that same rate from 1998-2005. The new system, effective May 1, 2007, increased that per-performance rate to the following levels: 2006=\$0.0008, 2007=\$0.0011, 2008=\$0.0014, 2009=\$0.0018, and 2010=\$0.0019. This bill was introduced on April 26, 2007 by Rep. Jay Inslee (D-WA) and Rep. Donald Manzullo (R-IL) and has been cosponsored by over 100 members of the Congress. It was introduced in the Senate as `{{usbill|110|S|1353}}`{=mediawiki} on May 10 by Ron Wyden (D-OR) and Sam Brownback (R-KS). The bill\'s proponents claim that \"the majority of webcasters will go bankrupt and silent\" when the Copyright Royalty Board\'s decision takes effect unless the bill passes.
The legislation appears to have been abandoned in committee, as of July 19, 2008.
## Background
The decision of the Copyright Royalty Board was made following the guidelines of a \"willing buyer / willing seller\" business model, and as the result of a two-year proceeding, with dozens of witnesses and hundreds of documents from over twenty different parties, including (but not limited to) large webcasters, small webcasters, NPR, college stations, and SoundExchange. The CRB was privy to private financial records and business models of the webcasters, and after reviewing the evidence and testimony, issued their decision (currently under appeal) on May 1, 2007. It is dissatisfaction with the CRB decision that prompted the creation and sponsoring of the IREA.
Statutory license regulations dictate that digital transmissions of public performances of sound recordings need permissions from two sets of copyright owners---the owners of the musical work (usually the songwriter or the composer) and the owners of the sound recordings themselves (usually a record label, unless the artists own their own master recordings). Traditional radio stations pay a flat per-song fee, and are only responsible for paying the musical work royalty. Internet radio is an entirely different market, and is responsible for both royalties, according to the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998.
The sound recording royalty, when paid under the provisions of the statutory license, is distributed to the featured artist on the recording, two musicians\' unions, and the owner of the copyright---usually a record label.
While traditional radio stations cannot determine how many people are listening to their station at a given moment, this information is readily available to an Internet radio station. The Internet Radio Equality Act specifies that the provider may choose to pay royalties of:
- 0.33 cents (\$0.0033) per hour of sound recordings transmitted to a single listener, or
- 7.5 percent of the revenues received by the provider during that year that are directly related to the provider\'s digital transmissions of sound recordings.
## Rate Comparison {#rate_comparison}
The following comparison is calculated based upon an imaginary Internet radio station that broadcasts, on average, fifteen songs to one hundred listeners each hour. Totals given are per year.
### Internet Radio Equality Act rates {#internet_radio_equality_act_rates}
\$2890.80 (\$.0033/hour \* 24 hours/day \* 365 days/year \* 100 average listeners/hour)
### Copyright Royalty Board rates {#copyright_royalty_board_rates}
Source:
**2006**: \$10512 (\$.0008/song \* 15 songs/hour \* 24 hours/day \* 365 days/year \* 100 average listeners/hour)\
**2007**: \$14454 (\$.0011/song \* 15 songs/hour \* 24 hours/day \* 365 days/year \* 100 average listeners/hour)\
**2008**: \$18396 (\$.0014/song \* 15 songs/hour \* 24 hours/day \* 365 days/year \* 100 average listeners/hour)\
**2009**: \$23652 (\$.0018/song \* 15 songs/hour \* 24 hours/day \* 365 days/year \* 100 average listeners/hour)\
**2010**: \$24966 (\$.0019/song \* 15 songs/hour \* 24 hours/day \* 365 days/year \* 100 average listeners/hour)
## Alternative Rates and Terms to the Copyright Royalty Board Determination {#alternative_rates_and_terms_to_the_copyright_royalty_board_determination}
SoundExchange recently came to an agreement with certain large webcasters regarding the minimum fees that were modified by the recent determination of the Copyright Royalty Board on May 1, 2007. While their decision imposed a \$500 per station or channel minimum fee for all webcasters, certain webcasters represented through Digital Media Association (DiMA) negotiated a \$50,000 \"cap\" on those fees. ( SoundExchange also recently offered alternative rates and terms to certain eligible small webcasters, that allows them to calculate their royalties as a percentage of their revenue or expenses, instead of at a per performance rate.
These developments directly attend to some of the concerns prompting the creation of the proposed IREA, namely the \"uncapped\" \$500 minimum fee, and the ability to assess liability at a rate other than the CRB determination.
| 778 |
Internet Radio Equality Act
| 0 |
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# Internet Radio Equality Act
## Support and Controversy {#support_and_controversy}
Internet broadcasters have organized a coalition which is supporting this legislation; a nationwide \"Internet Radio Day of Silence\" took place among participating broadcasters on June 26, 2007.
Critics of the Act, such as musicFIRST and SoundExchange, believe that the IREA is unnecessary, and that it would be a large windfall to large webcasters, allowing them to pay a fraction of what they have been paying since 1998. They also believe that the bill is flawed in principle, as it makes the rate less than what it was from 1998-2005
| 99 |
Internet Radio Equality Act
| 1 |
10,996,427 |
# Limann government
This is a listing of the ministers who served in Limann\'s People\'s National Party government during the Third Republic of Ghana. The Third Republic was inaugurated on 24 September 1979. It ended with the coup on 31 December 1981, which brought the Provisional National Defence Council of Jerry Rawlings to power.
## List of ministers {#list_of_ministers}
Portfolio Minister Time frame Notes
------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------- -------
President Hilla Limann September, 1979 -- 31 December 1981
Vice President Joseph W. S. de-Graft Johnson September, 1979 -- 31 December 1981
Minister for Foreign Affairs Isaac Chinebuah September, 1979 -- 31 December 1981
Minister for Interior Ekow Daniels September, 1979 -- October 1981
Kwame Sanaa-Poku Jantuah October 1981 -- 31 December 1981
Minister for Defence S. K. Riley-Poku September, 1979 -- December 1981
Attorney General and Minister for Justice Joe Reindorf September, 1979 -- October 1981
Archibald Lartey Djabatey October 1981 -- 31 December 1981
Minister for Finance and Economic Planning Amon Nikoi 1979 -- May 1981
George Benneh May 1981 -- 31 December 1981
Minister for Health Michael Paul Ansah 1979 -- 1981
Kwamena Ocran August 1981 -- 31 December 1981
Minister for Local Government Kwame Sanaa-Poku Jantuah September 1979 -- October 1981
Minister for Education, Culture and Sports Kwamena Ocran September 1979 -- 1980
Francis Kwame Buah 1980 -- 1981
Minister for Agriculture E. Kwaku Twumasi 1979 -- ?
E. Kwaku Andah ? -- December 1980
Nelson Agbesi December 1980 -- December 1981
Minister for Trade and Tourism Francis Kwame Buah 1979 -- 1980
Vincent Bulla 1980 -- December 1981
Minister for Transport and Communications Harry Sawyerr September 1979 -- December 1981
Minister for Works and Housing Colonel David Zanlerigu 1979 -- ?
Felix Amoah ? -- ?
Minister for Industries, Science and Technology Vincent Bulla September 1979 -- 1980
Col. David Zanlerigu 1980 -- August 1981
Michael Paul Ansah August 1981 -- December 1981
Minister for Lands and Natural Resources E. F. Yeboah Acheampong ? -- ?
Minister for Labour, Youth and Social Welfare Frank Q. Amega 1979 -- ?
Adisa Munkaila November 1980 -- December 1981
Minister for Information, Presidential Affairs and Special Initiatives John S. Nabila September 1979 - 1980
Minister for Fuel and Energy George Benneh 1979 - November 1980
F. Wulff Tagoe November 1980 -- ?
Minister for Youth and Rural Development E. Kwaku Andah ? -- ?
Minister for Information and Tourism Yaw Opoku Afriyie ? -- ?
Minister for Culture and Sport Thomas G. Abilla ? -- ?
Regional Ministers
Ashanti Regional Minister J. O. Afram ? -- ?
Brong Ahafo Region E. K. Twumasi(MP) S.G. Arthur( Deputy Minister) ? -- ? Dep:
Central Regional Minister Kankam da Costa ? -- ?
Eastern Regional Minister F. K. B. Amoah ? -- ?
Greater Accra Regional Minister I. T. Torto ? -- December 1981
Northern Regional Minister Alhaji I. Haruna
Upper Region G. Nango ? -- ?
Volta Regional Minister Nelson Agbesi (MP) December 1979 -- December 1980
F. Q
| 497 |
Limann government
| 0 |
10,996,469 |
# 1996 Kansas City Chiefs season
The 1996 season was the Kansas City Chiefs\' 27th in the National Football League (NFL) and their 37th overall. Following their loss to the Colts in the playoffs the year before, the Chiefs failed to improve their 13--3 record from 1995 and finishing 9--7 record and second-place finish in the AFC West. Despite being predicted as one of the eventual winners of Super Bowl XXXI by *Sports Illustrated*, the team missed the playoffs for the first time since 1989.
## Offseason
### NFL draft {#nfl_draft}
## Personnel
### Staff
### Roster
## Preseason
Week Date Opponent Result Record Venue Attendance Recap
------ ---------- -------------------- -------------- -------- --------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ -------------------------------------------------------------
1 August 4 vs. Dallas Cowboys **W** 32--6 1--0 Estadio Universitario `{{small|([[Monterrey]])}}`{=mediawiki} 45,128 [Recap](https://www.profootballarchives.com/1996nflkc.html)
2 New Orleans Saints **W** 42--6 2--0 Arrowhead Stadium 65,710 [Recap](https://www.profootballarchives.com/1996nflkc.html)
3 St. Louis Rams **L** 30--34 2--1 Arrowhead Stadium 72,191 [Recap](https://www.profootballarchives.com/1996nflkc.html)
4 at Chicago Bears **W** 14--10 3--1 Soldier Field 51,111 [Recap](https://www.profootballarchives.com/1996nflkc.html)
## Regular season {#regular_season}
### Schedule
Week Date Opponent Result Record Venue Attendance Recap
------ -------------- --------------------------- -------------- -------- ---------------------------------- ------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 September 1 at Houston Oilers **W** 20--19 1--0 Houston Astrodome 27,725 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199609010oti.htm)
2 September 8 **Oakland Raiders** **W** 19--3 2--0 Arrowhead Stadium 79,281 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199609080kan.htm)
3 September 15 at **Seattle Seahawks** **W** 35--17 3--0 Kingdome 39,790 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199609150sea.htm)
4 September 22 **Denver Broncos** **W** 17--14 4--0 Arrowhead Stadium 79,439 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199609220kan.htm)
5 September 29 at **San Diego Chargers** **L** 19--22 4--1 Jack Murphy Stadium 59,384 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199609290sdg.htm)
6 Pittsburgh Steelers **L** 7--17 4--2 Arrowhead Stadium 79,189 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199610070kan.htm)
7 *Bye*
8 **Seattle Seahawks** **W** 34--16 5--2 Arrowhead Stadium 76,057 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199610170kan.htm)
9 October 27 at **Denver Broncos** **L** 7--34 5--3 Mile High Stadium 75,652 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199610270den.htm)
10 November 3 at Minnesota Vikings **W** 21--6 6--3 Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome 59,552 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199611030min.htm)
11 November 10 Green Bay Packers **W** 27--20 7--3 Arrowhead Stadium 79,281 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199611100kan.htm)
12 November 17 Chicago Bears **W** 14--10 8--3 Arrowhead Stadium 76,762 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199611170kan.htm)
13 November 24 **San Diego Chargers** **L** 14--28 8--4 Arrowhead Stadium 69,472 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199611240kan.htm)
14 November 28 at Detroit Lions **W** 28--24 9--4 Pontiac Silverdome 75,079 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199611280det.htm)
15 at **Oakland Raiders** **L** 7--26 9--5 Oakland--Alameda County Coliseum 57,082 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199612090rai.htm)
16 December 15 Indianapolis Colts **L** 19--24 9--6 Arrowhead Stadium 71,136 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199612150kan.htm)
17 December 22 at Buffalo Bills **L** 9--20 9--7 Rich Stadium 68,671 [Recap](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199612220buf.htm)
**Note:** Intra-division opponents are in **bold** text.
| 394 |
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| 0 |
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# 1996 Kansas City Chiefs season
## Regular season {#regular_season}
### Game summaries {#game_summaries}
#### Week 1: at Houston Oilers {#week_1_at_houston_oilers}
#### Week 2: vs. Oakland Raiders {#week_2_vs._oakland_raiders}
#### Week 3: at Seattle Seahawks {#week_3_at_seattle_seahawks}
#### Week 4: vs. Denver Broncos {#week_4_vs._denver_broncos}
#### Week 5: at San Diego Chargers {#week_5_at_san_diego_chargers}
#### Week 6: vs. Pittsburgh Steelers {#week_6_vs._pittsburgh_steelers}
#### Week 8: vs. Seattle Seahawks {#week_8_vs._seattle_seahawks}
#### Week 9: at Denver Broncos {#week_9_at_denver_broncos}
#### Week 10: at Minnesota Vikings {#week_10_at_minnesota_vikings}
#### Week 11: vs. Green Bay Packers {#week_11_vs._green_bay_packers}
#### Week 12: vs. Chicago Bears {#week_12_vs._chicago_bears}
#### Week 13: vs. San Diego Chargers {#week_13_vs._san_diego_chargers}
#### Week 14: at Detroit Lions {#week_14_at_detroit_lions}
**Thanksgiving Day games** `{{Americanfootballbox
|titlestyle={{NFLPrimaryStyle|Kansas City Chiefs|year=1996|border=2}};text-align:center;
|state=autocollapse
|title=Week 14: Kansas City Chiefs at Detroit Lions – Game summary
|date={{dow tooltip|November 28, 1996}}
|time=12:30 p.m. [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]/11:30 a.m. CST
|road='''Chiefs'''
|R1=7|R2=7|R3=0|R4=14
|home=Lions
|H1=0|H2=14|H3=7|H4=3
|stadium=[[Pontiac Silverdome]], [[Pontiac, Michigan]]
|attendance=75,079
|weather=None (indoor stadium)
|referee=[[Gary Lane (American football)|Gary Lane]]
|TV=NBC
|TVAnnouncers=Dick Enberg, Paul Maguire, Phil Simms and Jim Gray
|reference=[https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/199611280det.htm Recap], [https://nflgsis.com/1996/reg/14/17599/Gamebook.pdf Game Book]
|scoring=
'''First quarter'''
*KC – [[Marcus Allen]] 1-yard run ([[Pete Stoyanovich]] kick), 3:49. ''Chiefs 7–0. '''Drive: 9 plays, 91 yards, 4:44.'''''
'''Second quarter'''
*DET – [[Johnnie Morton]] 16-yard pass from [[Scott Mitchell (quarterback)|Scott Mitchell]] ([[Jason Hanson]] kick), 14:54. ''Tied 7–7. '''Drive: 8 plays, 73 yards, 3:55.'''''
*DET – [[Mike Wells (defensive lineman)|Mike Wells]] fumble recovery in end zone (Jason Hanson kick), 12:20. ''Lions 14–7.''
*KC – [[Chris Penn (American football)|Chris Penn]] 17-yard pass from [[Rich Gannon]] (Pete Stoyanovich kick), 8:04. ''Tied 14–14. '''Drive: 3 plays, 24 yards, 1:26.'''''
'''Third quarter'''
*DET – [[Barry Sanders]] 13-yard run (Jason Hason kick), 0:21. ''Lions 21–14. '''Drive: 14 plays, 81 yards, 7:06.'''''
'''Fourth quarter'''
*KC – [[Derrick Walker (American football)|Derrick Walker]] 9-yard pass from Rich Gannon (Pete Stoyanovich kick), 10:54. ''Tied 21–21. '''Drive: 9 plays, 64 yards, 4:27.'''''
*DET – Jason Hanson 21-yard field goal, 8:41. ''Lions 24–21. '''Drive: 7 plays, 45 yards, 2:13.'''''
*KC – Marcus Allen 1-yard run (Pete Stoyanovich kick), 0:46. ''Chiefs 28–24. '''Drive: 15 plays, 76 yards, 7:55.'''''
|stats=
'''Top passers'''
*KC – Rich Gannon – 15/18, 120 yards, 2 TD
*DET – Scott Mitchell – 18/29, 247 yards, TD, 2 INT
'''Top rushers'''
*KC – [[Greg Hill (running back)|Greg Hill]] – 17 rushes, 103 yards
*DET – Barry Sanders – 20 rushes, 77 yards, TD
'''Top receivers'''
*KC – [[Kimble Anders]] – 5 receptions, 44 yards
*DET – [[Brett Perriman]] – 8 receptions, 131 yards
}}`{=mediawiki}
#### Week 15: at Oakland Raiders {#week_15_at_oakland_raiders}
#### Week 16: vs. Indianapolis Colts {#week_16_vs
| 418 |
1996 Kansas City Chiefs season
| 1 |
10,996,492 |
# Martin Nessley
**Martin Scott Nessley** (born February 16, 1965) is a retired American professional basketball player who had a brief career in the NBA during the 1987--88 season. He was a 7\'2\", 260 lb center.
Nessley played college basketball at Duke University from 1983 to 1987 and was selected with the second pick in the sixth round of the 1987 NBA draft by the Los Angeles Clippers. He spent the following season with the Clippers and the Sacramento Kings, scoring 48 points in 44 games
| 86 |
Martin Nessley
| 0 |
10,996,568 |
# Hill River (Western Australia)
Hill River}} `{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Use Australian English|date=March 2015}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox river
| name = Hill River
| image =
| map = {{Infobox mapframe |wikidata=yes |zoom=10 |frame-height=300 | stroke-width=2 |coord={{WikidataCoord|display=i}}|point = none|stroke-color=#0000FF |id=Q3135649 }}
| source1_location = {{cvt|8|km}} east of [[Badgingarra]]
| mouth_location = [[Indian Ocean]]
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[Australia]]
| length = {{cvt|86|km}}
| source1_elevation = {{cvt|328|m}}<ref>{{cite web|url= http://maps.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&cmd=sp&p=207244&st=&s=Hill%20River|title= Bonzle Digital Atlas – Map of Hill River|year= 2009|access-date= 12 July 2016}}</ref>
| mouth_elevation = [[sea level]]
| discharge1_avg =
| basin_size = {{cvt|3721|km2}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ribbonsofblue.wa.gov.au/mid-west-region/background-information.html |title=Ribbons of Blue - Mid West Region |year= 2008 |access-date= 12 March 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531090022/http://www.ribbonsofblue.wa.gov.au/mid-west-region/background-information.html |archive-date= 31 May 2009 }}</ref>
}}`{=mediawiki} The **Hill River** is a river in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia.
## Geography
The headwaters of the Hill River rise near Dinner Hill, approximately 8 km east of Badgingarra. It then flows in a westerly direction, crossing the Brand Highway just north of Badgingarra, passing through the Hill River Nature Reserve and the northern boundary of the Southern Beekeeper\'s Nature Reserve and finally discharging into the Indian Ocean 8.7 km south of Jurien Bay.
The river has four tributaries; Coomallo Creek, Winjardie Creek, Munbinea Creek and Boothendara Creek.
## History
The river was seen and named by the explorer George Grey on 14 April 1839 during his second disastrous expedition along the Western Australian coast.
It was likely named after Rowland Hill, well known for his inception of the Uniform Penny Post, but importantly for Grey, Secretary to the Colonization Commissioners for South Australia (under the South Australia Act 1834). Grey\'s friend and promoter William Hutt M.P. was also a commissioner. In the previous week, Grey had also named rivers after Hutt, Hutt\'s wife Mary Bowes, Hutt\'s business partner John Chapman and Charles Buller M.P., an active parliamentary proponent of the free colonisation of South Australia. In October 1840, at 28 years of age, Grey was appointed Governor of South Australia.
## Hill River development {#hill_river_development}
In the 1990s a proposed utilization of coal deposits at Mount Lesueur 10 km north of the river by the Hill River Power Development Company Pty Ltd, was abandoned in 1990 due to the creation of the Mount Leseuer National Park.
## Uses
The mouth of the Hill River is a popular camping destination and can be reached in a two-wheel drive vehicle. The river mouth is usually closed to the ocean by a sandbar, which opens up in periods of high river flow
| 418 |
Hill River (Western Australia)
| 0 |
10,996,581 |
# Everytime You Touch Me
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{{single chart|Flanders|46|artist=Moby|song=Everytime You Touch Me|rowheader=true|access-date=May 21, 2017}}
^
``
| 25 |
Everytime You Touch Me
| 0 |
10,996,592 |
# List of 1888–89 New Zealand Native football team matches
The 1888--89 New Zealand Native football team played 107 rugby union matches during their 14-month tour of the British Isles, Australia, and New Zealand. The tour was the longest in rugby history, and the first by a New Zealand team to Europe. The team was privately organised by Joe Warbrick, and was originally intended to contain only Māori players. Several non-Māori and a number of non-New Zealand-born players were eventually recruited to strengthen the side. Of their rugby matches, they won 78, lost 23, and drew 6. The team played three internationals: a heavy loss to England, a win over Ireland, and a narrow loss to Wales.
The initial leg of the Native team\'s journey was a tour of New Zealand, and their first match was a 5--0 victory over Hawke\'s Bay. The team departed from New Zealand having won seven of their nine matches, but their losses included a heavy defeat to Auckland. After stopping in Melbourne on their way to London, they played their first match in England against Surrey on 3 October 1888. The team played 74 matches in the British Isles---with 36 of these in their first three months. Only one match was played in Scotland, against Hawick RFC, and three in Ireland. The intense itinerary of matches continued during the second half of their British Isles leg; this contributed to a high injury rate, and the team struggled to field a full side during much of this time. Despite the injury toll, they won 14 of their last 20 matches in England. While in the British Isles the Natives averaged a game every 2.3 days.
Following their departure from Plymouth in March 1889, the Natives travelled to Melbourne, Australia. There the team played eight Australian rules football (then known as Victorian rules) matches and two rugby games. The team continued their journey to New South Wales and Queensland, where they played mostly rugby. This included playing each state side twice, as well as at least two association football matches. The final leg of the team\'s trip was another tour of New Zealand---this saw them lose only once, to Auckland in their final game.
| 368 |
List of 1888–89 New Zealand Native football team matches
| 0 |
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# List of 1888–89 New Zealand Native football team matches
## Matches played {#matches_played}
*Notes on scoring:*
- *For the rugby matches in the British Isles, Victoria, and New Zealand tries scored one point, conversions two points, and penalties and drop goals three points.*
- *For the rugby matches in New South Wales tries scored three points, conversions two points, and drop goals four points.*
- *For the rugby matches in Queensland tries scored two points, conversions three points, and drop goals four points.*
- *For Victorian Rules matches the numbers in brackets under points scored states the goals, then behinds (goals/behinds).*
- *For Victorian Rules matches the number before the brackets is the score calculated with goals worth six points, and behinds one.*
*Notes on matches:*
- *The match record for the British Isles is considered complete, however the match record of the Victorian Rules and Association football matches in the Australian leg of the tour is a matter of some debate. The list of Victorian Rules matches was compiled by historian Greg Ryan and relied heavily on coverage of the matches in the Melbourne press. The frequency of matches suggests the list is complete.*
*Notes on opposition:*
- *As the tour occurred before the 1895 schism of rugby football---where many northern English rugby clubs left the Rugby Football Union to form the Northern Union---many of the team\'s opponents in the British Isles later elected to play rugby league rather than rugby union. The links in the tables below link to those clubs regardless of what code they subsequently played.*
- *At least one club, Manningham F.C., has since converted to association football.*
### Summary
---------------------
**Rugby matches**
Played in
Britain and Ireland
New Zealand
Australia
Total
---------------------
-----------------------------
**Victorian Rules matches**
Matches
11
-----------------------------
### New Zealand and Victoria {#new_zealand_and_victoria}
Date Opponents Venue For Against
------- ------------------ -------------- ----- ---------
Hawke\'s Bay Napier 5 0
Hawke\'s Bay Napier 11 0
Auckland Auckland 0 9
Nelson Nelson 9 0
Wellington Wellington 3 0
Canterbury Christchurch 5 4
South Canterbury Timaru 9 0
Otago Dunedin 0 8
Otago Dunedin 1 0
Melbourne Melbourne 3 0
Melbourne Melbourne 1 1
Total 47 22
Source:
### British Isles {#british_isles}
Date Opponents Venue For Against
------- ------------------------ ----------------- ----- ---------
Surrey Richmond 4 1
Northamptonshire Northampton 12 0
Kent Blackheath 4 1
Moseley Moseley 4 6
Burton-on-Trent Burton-on-Trent 3 4
Midland Counties Birmingham 10 0
Middlesex Fletching 0 9
Hull Hull 0 1
Dewsbury Dewsbury 6 0
Wakefield Trinity Wakefield 0 1
Northumberland County Newcastle 3 3
Stockton-on-Tees Stockton 6 1
Tynemouth North Shields 7 1
Halifax Free Wanderers Halifax 4 13
Newcastle and District Newcastle 14 0
Hartlepool Rovers Hartlepool 1 0
Cumberland County Maryport 10 2
Carlisle Carlisle 13 0
Hawick Hawick 3 1
East Cumberland Carlisle 12 0
Westmorland County Kendal 3 1
Swinton Swinton 0 2
Liverpool and District Liverpool 9 0
Ireland Dublin 13 4
Trinity College Dublin 4 4
North of Ireland Belfast 2 0
Lancashire County Manchester 0 1
Batley Batley 5 5
Yorkshire County Manningham 10 6
Broughton Rangers Broughton 8 0
Wigan Wigan 5 1
Llanelli Llanelli 0 3
Wales Swansea 0 5
Swansea Swansea 5 0
Newport Newport 3 0
Cardiff Cardiff 1 4
Bradford Bradford 1 4
Leeds Parish Church Leeds 6 3
Kirkstall Kirkstall 7 3
Brighouse Rangers Brighouse 4 0
Huddersfield Huddersfield 7 6
Stockport Stockport 3 3
Castleford Castleford 3 9
Warrington Warrington 7 1
Yorkshire County Wakefield 4 16
Spen Valley District Cleckheaton 8 7
Somersetshire County Wellington 17 4
Devonshire County Exeter 12 0
Taunton Taunton 8 0
Gloucestershire County Gloucester 4 1
Midland Counties Moseley 6 1
Blackheath Rovers Blackheath 9 3
United Services Portsmouth 10 0
England Blackheath 0 7
London Welsh Richmond 2 1
Cambridge University Cambridge 3 7
Oxford University Oxford 0 6
Manningham Manningham 4 0
St. John\'s, Leeds Leeds 9 0
Leigh Leigh 1 4
Runcorn Runcorn 8 3
Oldham Oldham 0 6
Halifax Free Wanderers Halifax 6 0
Barrow and District Barrow 0 3
Widnes Widnes 8 1
Manchester Manchester 7 1
Walkden Walkden 6 1
St. Helens St
| 689 |
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| 1 |
10,996,593 |
# Nursing Service Cross
The **Nursing Service Cross** (**NSC**) is a conspicuous service decoration`{{refn|group=note|A decoration is an award made for valour, gallantry, bravery, distinguished or conspicuous service, and is distinct from an honour in that it is not an appointment made to an order, like the Order of Australia.<ref>{{cite book |date=2017|chapter=Orders, Decorations, and Medals|title=Army Manual of Dress|url=https://www.army.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-03/Army%20Dress%20Manual_0.pdf#page590|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia|location=Canberra, Australia|page=6-2}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki} of the Australian honours and awards system, instituted by Letters Patent`{{refn|group=note|In Australia, Letters Patent are an official prerogative instrument of law making, made under the royal prerogative (which is that power of the Crown still existing and not superseded by parliamentary legislation), enabled by section 61 of the ''Australian Constitution''. As the Sovereign has remained the font of "all honour and dignity" in Australia, the practice of instituting Australian honours and awards via Letters Patent continues, although in practice the role of the Sovereign is very limited, as Letters Patent are drafted by the government of the day and by convention the Sovereign is guided by the advice of that government to sign them, making the role taken by the Sovereign overwhelmingly symbolic.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Jordan|first=Roy|date=8 September 2003|title=A Rare Form of Law Making: Legislation Made Outside Parliament|url=https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/library/prspub/LJCA6/upload_binary/ljca64.pdf|magazine=Department of the Parliamentary Library: Research Note|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia|location=Canberra, Australia|pages=1–2}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki} on 18 October 1989.Refer:
- [Letters Patent Constituting the Nursing Service Cross 1989](https://www.defence.gov.au/medals/_Master/docs/HonoursDecorations/S108-90-Nursing-Service-Cross-Regulations.pdf), cl 2
-
-
The Nursing Service Cross is awarded to medics (enrolled nurses) and nurses (registered nurses) of the Australian Defence Force for outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties,`{{refn|group=note| Nomination criteria excludes recognising immediate or short term paramedic and first aid care alone.<ref>{{cite book |title= Defence Honours and Awards Manual|volume=1|chapter=Conspicuous Service Decorations and Nursing Service Cross|url=https://defence.gov.au/medals/_Master/docs/DHAM/12.pdf#page1|location=Canberra, Australia|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia|page=12-1|date=2012|access-date=23 May 2020}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki} or for an act of exceptional dedication in the performance of such duties, in warlike or non-warlike conditions.
There have been 28 recipients, and 29 awards, since the Nursing Service Cross was instituted on 18 October 1989. Jonathan Aharon Walter is the sole awardee to have received the Nursing Service Cross more than once, first in 2004, and then again in 2007 (when he was awarded a Bar to his existing Nursing Service Cross).Refer:
- **For NSC** `{{Cite It's an Honour|ausawardid=1057438|date=14 June 2004|recipient=PTE Walter, Jonathan Aharon (Army)|award=Nursing Service Cross|postnominal=NSC|citation=For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties in warlike operations as the Medical Assistant/Nurse for Delta Company, AUSBATT VIII, whilst deployed on Operation CITADEL|postscript=.|access-date=23 May 2020}}`{=mediawiki}
- **For NSC and Bar** `{{Cite It's an Honour|ausawardid=1134449|date=26 January 2007|recipient=CPL Walter, Jonathan Aharon (Army)|award=Nursing Service Cross with Bar|postnominal=NSC and Bar|citation=For exceptional dedication in the performance of nursing duties as a member of Special Operations Task Unit 637.1 during Operation Slipper, Afghanistan 2005|postscript=.|access-date=23 May 2020}}`{=mediawiki}
The current Regimental Sergeant Major of the Army, Kim Felmingham, is also a Nursing Service Cross recipient.Refer:
-
-
- As of March 2010, nominations for the award of the Nursing Service Cross were suspended by determination of the Chief of Defence Force.Refer:
-
- Chief of the Defence Force Determination CDF/OUT/2010/146 of 3 March 2010
| 503 |
Nursing Service Cross
| 0 |
10,996,593 |
# Nursing Service Cross
## Design
The Nursing Service Cross is a four-stepped sterling silver equidistant straight armed cross, ensigned with the Crown of Saint Edward, surmounted by a plain sterling silver suspender bar. The obverse (front of the medal) has a transparent red enamel cross insert, overlaid on a flecked pattern radiating from the centre of the cross.Refer:
-
-
thumb\|upright=.4\|left\|Reverse of Nursing Service Cross
The reverse (rear) of the Nursing Service Cross has a horizontal panel that displays the recipient\'s details, superimposed on a design of fluted rays of varying lengths.Refer:
-
-
The Nursing Service Cross is suspended on a 32 mm ribbon,`{{refn|group=note|Formally known as the riband.<ref>{{cite book |date=2017|chapter=Orders, Decorations, and Medals|title=Army Manual of Dress|url=https://www.army.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-03/Army%20Dress%20Manual_0.pdf#page590|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia|location=Canberra, Australia|page=6-4}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki} that has a central deep red band 12 mm wide, flanked by two white vertical bands 8 mm wide, and is edged in gold bands 2 mm wide. The symbolism of the colours used on the ribbon for the Nursing Service Cross is that the gold represents the colour of sand, white represents purity, and the deep red colour used (which is the colour of a native sedge flower) is a link between a natural Australian colour and the red cross.
Second and subsequent awards of the Nursing Service Cross are recognised by a sterling silver bar with a superimposed central 6mm wide red enamel cross insert, worn on the ribbon above the medal (and an 8 mm wide cross of red enamel worn centrally on the ribbon bar, and a half sized bar on the ribbon of the miniature cross).
The miniature of the Nursing Service Cross is a half-sized replica of the cross, suspended from a miniature of the ribbon that is 16 mm wide.
A lapel badge, being a 10 mm wide replica of the cross, is also provided to awardees.
| 305 |
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| 1 |
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# Nursing Service Cross
## History
The award of medals for conspicuous conduct can be traced back to 1643 (potentially even earlier). Before 18 October 1989, eligible Australian Defence Force (ADF) members could be awarded the Royal Red Cross under the Imperial honours system. About 250 Australian nurses received one of the two classes of the Royal Red Cross between the Boer War and the Vietnam War. The last time the Royal Red Cross was awarded in Australia,`{{refn|group=note|The last military nurses to be awarded the Royal Red Cross in Australia were Jane Greenslade (Navy), Pegeen Mallon (Air Force), Carol Ann O’Connor (Air Force), and Pamela Joy Wright (Army) on 31 December 1981.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/search|title=Royal Red Cross (2nd Class) (Imperial)|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia|website=Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet|access-date=31 May 2020}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki} which had never been intended as a specific award for Australian military nurses, was on 31 December 1981.
### Origin
When Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke came to power in 1983, he declared his government would no longer be making any recommendations for Imperial honours and awards. On 26 January 1986, Hawke announced the intention to seek Letters Patent for a new military award to recognise outstanding operational and non-operational service by Australian Defence Force nurses, to be called the Australian Nursing Service Cross. On 17 July 1986, the Australian Government announced a competition to design the Nursing Service Cross. On 12 December 1986, the competition winners had their design concepts and ideas forwarded to qualified designers, sculptors and engravers for finalisation.
On 18 October 1989, the Queen of Australia, Elizabeth II, issued Letters Patent instituting the Nursing Service Cross decoration.Refer:
- [Letters Patent Constituting the Nursing Service Cross 1989](https://www.defence.gov.au/medals/_Master/docs/HonoursDecorations/S108-90-Nursing-Service-Cross-Regulations.pdf), cl 2
-
-
### Suspension of new nominations {#suspension_of_new_nominations}
On 3 March 2010, the Nursing Service Cross (while it is still active as an award in the Australian honours and awards scheme) was closed to new nominations by determination of the Chief of Defence Force.Refer:
-
- Chief of the Defence Force Determination CDF/OUT/2010/146 of 3 March 2010
Awards to eligible defence members for outstanding devotion or exceptional dedication to nursing duties are now considered under the Order of Australia, Distinguished Service and Conspicuous Service awards criteria, as applicable.Refer:
-
- Chief of the Defence Force Determination CDF/OUT/2010/146 of 3 March 2010
### 2017 commemorative coin {#commemorative_coin}
In 2017, the Royal Australian Mint produced for News Corp Australia a 20 cent non-circulating legal tender coin and card (241,744 produced) to commemorate the Nursing Service Cross, that was available from participating newsagents in April 2017.Refer:
-
- The nickel plated copper coin had the following features:
- **Reverse** -- A representation of the Nursing Service Cross decoration, including suspender bar and ribbon. Positioned in the centre of a wreath at the bottom of the coin face is a representation of the St Edward\'s Crown. The design included the number \'20\' and the inscription \'NURSING SERVICE CROSS\'.
- **Obverse** -- An effigy of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, together with the inscriptions \'ELIZABETH II\', \'AUSTRALIA\' and the inscription, in numerals, of the year 2017, as well as the initials of the coin\'s designer Ian Rank-Broadley \'IRB\'.
| 523 |
Nursing Service Cross
| 2 |
10,996,593 |
# Nursing Service Cross
## List of recipients {#list_of_recipients}
There have been 28 recipients, and 29 awards, since the Nursing Service Cross was established on 18 October 1989. Jonathan Aharon Walter is the sole awardee to have received the Nursing Service Cross twice, first in 2004, and then again in 2007 (when he was awarded a Bar to his existing Nursing Service Cross).Refer:
- **For NSC** `{{Cite It's an Honour|ausawardid=1057438|date=14 June 2004|recipient=PTE Walter, Jonathan Aharon (Army)|award=Nursing Service Cross|postnominal=NSC|citation=For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties in warlike operations as the Medical Assistant/Nurse for Delta Company, AUSBATT VIII, whilst deployed on Operation CITADEL|postscript=.|access-date=23 May 2020}}`{=mediawiki}
- **For NSC and Bar** `{{Cite It's an Honour|ausawardid=1134449|date=26 January 2007|recipient=CPL Walter, Jonathan Aharon (Army)|award=Nursing Service Cross with Bar|postnominal=NSC and Bar|citation=For exceptional dedication in the performance of nursing duties as a member of Special Operations Task Unit 637.1 during Operation Slipper, Afghanistan 2005|postscript=.|access-date=23 May 2020}}`{=mediawiki}
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| Rank\ | Name | Post-nominals | Service | Date awarded | Citation | Notes |
| (at time of award) | | | | | | |
+================================+======+==============================================================================================================================================+==============================+==============+===============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================+========+
| data-sort-value=\"13\"\|FLTLT | | data-sort-value=\"36\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"3\"\|RAAF | | For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties as the critical care Nursing Officer on Operation CATALYST within the USAF Theatre Hospital, 332nd Expeditionary Health Group, Balad, Iraq. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"13\"\|CAPT | | data-sort-value=\"36\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"2\"\|Army | | For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties with the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"13\"\|CAPT | | data-sort-value=\"36\"\|CSC, NSC | data-sort-value=\"2\" \|Army | | For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties as the Second-in-Command of the Army Parachute Surgical Team and Officer Commanding Holding Company of the ANZAC Field Hospital deployed in support of Operation SUMATRA ASSIST. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"5\"\|SGT | | data-sort-value=\"36\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"2\"\|Army | | For an act of exceptional dedication in the performance of nursing duties as a member of the Royal Australian Army Medical Corps, Defence Co-operation Program -- East Timor. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"13\"\|FLTLT | | data-sort-value=\"36\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"3\"\|RAAF | | For outstanding devotion to duty and tireless work in the delivery of lifesaving care to the injured, and solace to their friends and relatives as a member of the Operation BALI ASSIST Aeromedical Evacuation Team, October 2002. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"4\"\|CPL | | data-sort-value=\"36\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"2\"\|Army | | For acts of exceptional dedication in the performance of nursing duties as a member of Special Operations Task Unit 637.1 during Operation SLIPPER, Afghanistan 2005. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"6\"\|SSGT | | data-sort-value=\"35\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC, [[Order of Australia#Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM)|OAM]]}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"2\"\|Army | | For outstanding devotion and competency in providing medical treatment to vehicle accident casualties on 14 January 2000 while on Operation STABILISE in East Timor. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"14\"\|SQNLDR | | data-sort-value=\"36\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"3\"\|RAAF | | For outstanding performance of nursing duties at No 3 RAAF Hospital. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"4\"\|CPL | | data-sort-value=\"36\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"2\"\|Army | | For exceptional dedication and devotion to duty to the Australian Army, particularly following a motor vehicle accident near Paluda Camp in Malaysia on 23 September 1993. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"13\"\|FLTLT | | data-sort-value=\"36\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"3\"\|RAAF | | For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties with the Royal Australian Air Force aeromedical evacuation team during Operation SUMATRA ASSIST. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"15\"\|WGCDR | | data-sort-value=\"28\"\| `{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=[[Order of Australia#Member (AM)|AM]], NSC}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"3\"\|RAAF | | For outstanding achievement as the Commanding Officer of Number 6 Royal Australian Air Force Hospital, Royal Australian Air Force Williams, and as the Commanding Officer of the United Nations Military Hospital, Dili, East Timor. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"14\"\|SQNLDR | | data-sort-value=\"36\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"3\"\|RAAF | | For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties as the Nursing Administrator at the No 3 Royal Australian Air Force Hospital, Richmond NSW. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"5\"\|PO | | data-sort-value=\"36\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"1\"\|RAN | | For outstanding professionalism, expertise and devotion to duty while on board HMAS `{{em|SWAN}}`{=mediawiki}. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"4\"\|CPL | | data-sort-value=\"36\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"2\"\|Army | | For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties as the Medical Assistant on Operation CATALYST with the Australian Army Training Team in Northern Iraq. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"7\"\|WO2 | | data-sort-value=\"36\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"2\"\|Army | | For an act of exceptional dedication in the performance of nursing duties as a member of the Royal Australian Army Medical Corps, Defence Co-operation Program -- East Timor. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"13\"\|CAPT | | data-sort-value=\"36\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"2\"\|Army | | For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties as the Operating Theatre Nursing Officer while serving with the Australian Medical Support Force in Rwanda. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"13\"\|CAPT | | data-sort-value=\"36\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"2\"\|Army | | For outstanding devotion and competency in nursing duties on Operation CATALYST at the United States Air Force Theatre Hospital, Balad, Iraq. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"13\"\|FLTLT | | data-sort-value=\"36\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"3\"\|RAAF | | For conspicuous nursing service to the Royal Australian Air Force at No 3 RAAF Hospital. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"4\"\|CPL | | data-sort-value=\"36\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"2\"\|Army | | For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of medical duties with the 1st Combat Service Support Team in East Timor. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"7\"\|CPO | | data-sort-value=\"36\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"1\"\|RAN | | For outstanding devotion to duty and competency as the senior health services member in HMAS `{{em|HOBART}}`{=mediawiki}. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"4\"\|CPL | | data-sort-value=\"36\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"2\"\|Army | | For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties while serving as a medical assistant with the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"4\"\|CPL | | data-sort-value=\"36\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"2\"\|Army | | For exceptional dedication in the performance of nursing duties as the Regimental Aid Post Corporal Medic, B Squadron, the 3rd/4th Cavalry Regiment. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"12\"\|FLGOFF | | data-sort-value=\"36\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"3\"\|RAAF | | For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties with the Australian Medical Support Force, Australian Contingent, United Nations Mission Assistance in Rwanda. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"14\"\|SQNLDR | | data-sort-value=\"36\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"3\"\|RAAF | | For exceptional dedication to the RAAF in the field of nursing education | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"13\"\|CAPT | | data-sort-value=\"36\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"2\"\|Army | | For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties with the Australian Medical Support Force, Australian Contingent, United Nations Mission Assistance in Rwanda. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"5\"\|SGT | | data-sort-value=\"36\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"3\"\|RAAF | | For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties as a Senior Non-Commissioned Officer Medical Assistant at the Health Services Flight, No 304 Air Base Wing, Edinburgh | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"1\"\|PTE | | data-sort-value=\"30\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"2\"\|Army | | For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties in warlike operations as the Medical Assistant/Nurse for Delta Company, AUSBATT VIII, whilst deployed on Operation CITADEL. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"4\"\|CPL | | data-sort-value=\"29\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC and Bar}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"2\"\|Army | | For exceptional dedication in the performance of nursing duties as a member of Special Operations Task Unit 637.1 during Operation SLIPPER, Afghanistan 2005. | Refer: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | - |
| | | | | | | - |
+--------------------------------+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+
| data-sort-value=\"4\"\|CPL | | data-sort-value=\"34\"\|`{{post-nominals|size=100%|list=NSC, [[Bravery Medal (Australia)|BM]]}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=\"2\"\|Army | | For outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties as the Medical Assistant for the Peace Monitoring Team Arawa during Operation BEL ISI, Bougainville
| 2,027 |
Nursing Service Cross
| 3 |
10,996,597 |
# Newcastle railway line
The **Newcastle railway line** is a branch railway line in the city of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. The line branches off the Main North line at Broadmeadow and travels in an easterly direction through the inner suburbs to Newcastle Interchange, with one intermediate station at Hamilton. Until its curtailment in December 2014, it extended to Newcastle station. NSW TrainLink operates electric passenger train services over this line as part of its Central Coast & Newcastle Line service, and diesel railcars to Maitland and beyond as part of the Hunter Line.
## History
A line between Newcastle and the then much larger settlement at Maitland was first proposed in 1853 by the proponents of the original Sydney to Parramatta railway. The *Hunter River Railway Company* was formed later that year and the line was surveyed, however the private company failed and was bought out by the NSW government. Construction continued until the line opened in 1857. The line between Sydney and Newcastle was electrified in June 1984.
The terminus at Newcastle moved to various locations throughout the years, and has variously been named Honeysuckle and Honeysuckle Point. It was moved to its current alignment in 1872 and took the name of Newcastle in 1935 when Wickham and Civic stations opened. A mortuary station opened in 1883 to serve trains departing for Sandgate Cemetery. It closed on 1 April 1933. A large goods yard, the *Newcastle Goods yard* was constructed east of Newcastle station in 1858. This was closed in the late 1980s and redeveloped as a bus station and park land. The line was duplicated in 1864. The Main North line from Sydney connected at Hamilton Junction in 1887.
## Services
Passenger and goods services were operated by steam haulage from inception. In 1961 the 620/720 class diesel railcars were introduced to provide local suburban service to Maitland on the Hunter line and south to Fassifern and Toronto on the Toronto branch line. Long haul trains to Sydney were operated by steam haulage until their final withdrawal from passenger services in 1971, and from freight trains in 1972.
In June 1984, the line was electrified when the electrification project from Wyong was completed and electrified local and long-distance services were introduced south to Sydney. Local services to Maitland and beyond continue to be served by diesel railcars. The introduction into service of the Endeavour railcarcars from 1994, and the Hunter railcars from 2006, allowed the final withdrawal of the long running 620/720 railcars.
| 417 |
Newcastle railway line
| 0 |
10,996,597 |
# Newcastle railway line
## Partial closure {#partial_closure}
### Closure proposals {#closure_proposals}
A criticism of the line has been that it cuts Newcastle off from its own harbour foreshore with a number of proposals to close or at least pare it back. In November 1972, Minister for Transport Milton Morris announced the line would be cut back to Civic.
In 1990, CityRail proposed closing the line beyond Civic in response to a study on Newcastle\'s transport and development. As a proposed solution to this, since 2003 there had been studies to close the line and have Broadmeadow station become the major rail transport hub for the Newcastle region.
In 2005, there was a move pushed by business and property development interests to close the line with the proposal to redevelop the foreshore. This was widely criticised by among others Upper Hunter Region users, and former Deputy Prime Minister and rail enthusiast Tim Fischer. Originally the State Government had decided to close the line but later in 2006 and after a huge public outcry, Premier Morris Iemma announced that the line would stay open although in 2007 tenders were placed for a study into the line\'s future, including possible removal of the overhead wires and dieselisation of services.
### Partial closure implementation {#partial_closure_implementation}
In December 2012, the New South Wales government announced the line east of Wickham would close to better connect the older CBD to the water front precinct of Honeysuckle. This resulted in the closure of Wickham, Civic and Newcastle stations.
The line closed between Hamilton and Newcastle stations on 25 December 2014, with the Hamilton to Wickham section reopened on 15 October 2017 when Newcastle Interchange was opened as the line\'s new terminus.
A short section of the corridor east of Wickham was incorporated into the Newcastle Light Rail, which generally follows a parallel route to the railway line along Hunter and Scott Streets and serves as its replacement.
### Nile inquiry into Newcastle planning {#nile_inquiry_into_newcastle_planning}
The resignations in August 2014 of Tim Owen and Andrew Cornwell from the NSW Legislative Assembly and of Jeff McCloy from his post as Lord Mayor of Newcastle, came at a time of growing public concern that the decision to truncate the Newcastle railway had not been made properly. On 16 September 2014, the opposition and crossbench parties in the NSW Legislative Council successfully moved for a select committee to inquire into the planning process in Newcastle and the broader Hunter region.
The inquiry took over 370 submissions from official bodies and the public.
A substantial majority of the submissions opposed the Government\'s decision to close the railway. The inquiry held three public hearings in November 2014; some evidence was given of dealings with owners of land parcels near the railway who did not disclose their interests.
The chairman of the committee requested the NSW government to defer the railway\'s closure, scheduled for 25 December 2014, until his inquiry had considered the submissions and evidence and made its report. This request was denied.
On 18 December 2014, the inquiry released an interim report containing eight recommendations, including that no steps be taken to remove existing rail infrastructure until more planning work had been undertaken.
### Court action {#court_action}
On 24 December 2014, the Save Our Rail (NSW) Inc group were granted an injunction by the Supreme Court of New South Wales preventing RailCorp from removing any part of line infrastructure after the closure of the line. RailCorp lodged an appeal. This did not affect the closure of the line, but if the appeal is unsuccessful, will require an Act of Parliament to formally close the line before work to remove infrastructure can commence.
### Legislation
On 9 September 2015, the \'Transport Administration Amendment (Closure of Railway Line at Newcastle) Bill 2015\' was introduced into the NSW parliament lower house by Transport Minister Andrew Constance. The bill was passed by the lower house on 16 September 2015 on party lines, and introduced to the upper house the same day by Roads Minister Duncan Gay.
The numbers in the upper house were not as certain, with the balance of power held by the Shooters and Fishers Party (two members), the Animal Justice Party (one member), the Christian Democratic Party (Australia) (two members), and the Greens New South Wales (five members). The government needed just two votes of these members for the bill to pass, and on 14 October the final votes were taken, achieving the support of the two Shooters, Robert Borsak and Rob Brown.
The bill was assented to by the Governor of New South Wales on 22 October 2015, and so became an Act.
The Act did not seek to amend the Transport Administration Act itself, merely to provide enabling legislation for the railway line from Railway Street, Wickham to the former Newcastle station to be removed. It did however contain retrospective legislation declaring that all work previously carried out was deemed authorised by the Act.
The legislation essentially made the Save Our Rail injunction moot, as the injunction was granted on the basis that rail infrastructure could not be removed without an Act of Parliament. The track and associated overhead wiring and stanchions were removed in early 2016, except within Newcastle station
| 871 |
Newcastle railway line
| 1 |
10,996,617 |
# Collected Works (Simon and Garfunkel album)
***Collected Works*** is the first box set released by Simon & Garfunkel in 1981. It contains all five of their Studio albums: *Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M.*, *Sounds of Silence*, *Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme*, *Bookends*, and *Bridge over Troubled Water*. Originally released in 1981 as a 5-LP box set, it was reissued as a 3-CD set in 1990.
The collection was succeeded in 2001 by *The Columbia Studio Recordings (1964--1970)*, which includes several bonus tracks in addition to the original album contents.
## Track listing (CD edition) {#track_listing_cd_edition}
**Disc one**
*Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M.*\
1. \"You Can Tell the World\" -- 2:45\
2. \"Last Night I Had the Strangest Dream\" -- 2:12\
3. \"Bleecker Street\" -- 2:45\
4. \"Sparrow\" -- 2:49\
5. \"Benedictus\" -- 2:41\
6. \"The Sound of Silence\" (Original acoustic version) -- 3:07\
7. \"He Was My Brother\" -- 2:50\
8. \"Peggy-O\" -- 2:24\
9. \"Go Tell It on the Mountain\" -- 2:06\
10. \"The Sun Is Burning\" -- 2:49\
11. \"The Times They Are a-Changin\'\" -- 2:54\
12. \"Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M.\" -- 2:17
*Sounds of Silence*\
13. \"The Sound of Silence\" (Electric instrument overdubs on the original acoustic version) -- 3:08\
14. \"Leaves That Are Green\" -- 2:23\
15. \"Blessed\" -- 3:16\
16. \"Kathy\'s Song\" -- 3:21\
17. \"Somewhere They Can\'t Find Me\" -- 2:37\
18. \"Anji\" -- 2:17\
19. \"Richard Cory\" -- 2:57\
20. \"A Most Peculiar Man\" -- 2:33\
21. \"April Come She Will\" -- 1:51\
22. \"We\'ve Got a Groovy Thing Goin\'\" -- 1:59\
23. \"I Am a Rock\" -- 2:49
**Disc two**
*Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme*\
1. \"Scarborough Fair/Canticle\" -- 3:11\
2. \"Patterns\" -- 2:44\
3. \"Cloudy\" -- 2:14\
4. \"Homeward Bound\" -- 2:30\
5. \"The Big Bright Green Pleasure Machine\" -- 2:45\
6. \"The 59th Street Bridge Song (Feelin\' Groovy)\" -- 1:40\
7. \"The Dangling Conversation\" -- 2:39\
8. \"Flowers Never Bend with the Rainfall\" -- 2:12\
9. \"A Simple Desultory Philippic (Or How I Was Robert McNamara\'d Into Submission)\" -- 2:11\
10. \"For Emily, Whenever I May Find Her\" -- 2:04\
11. \"A Poem on the Underground Wall\" -- 1:55\
12. \"7 O\'Clock News/Silent Night\" -- 1:58
*Bookends*\
13. \"Bookends Theme\" -- 0:32\
14. \"Save the Life of My Child\" -- 2:49\
15. \"America\" -- 3:41\
16. \"Overs\" -- 2:11\
17. \"Voices of Old People\" -- 2:06\
18. \"Old Friends\" - 2:35\
19. \"Bookends Theme\" (Reprise) -- 1:22\
20. \"Fakin\' It\" -- 3:17\
21. \"Punky\'s Dilemma\" -- 2:14\
22. \"Mrs. Robinson\" -- 4:04\
23. \"A Hazy Shade of Winter\" -- 2:17\
24. \"At the Zoo\" -- 2:22
**Disc three**
*Bridge over Troubled Water*\
1. \"Bridge over Troubled Water\" -- 4:54\
2. \"El Condor Pasa (If I Could)\" -- 3:05\
3. \"Cecilia\" -- 2:54\
4. \"Keep the Customer Satisfied\" -- 2:33\
5. \"So Long, Frank Lloyd Wright\" -- 3:47\
6. \"The Boxer\" -- 5:09\
7. \"Baby Driver\" -- 3:14\
8. \"The Only Living Boy in New York\" -- 3:59\
9. \"Why Don\'t You Write Me\" -- 2:45\
10. \"Bye Bye Love\" -- 2:55\
11
| 511 |
Collected Works (Simon and Garfunkel album)
| 0 |
10,996,621 |
# Andrew Dodt
**Andrew Dodt** (born 26 January 1986) is an Australian professional golfer who plays on the European Tour, Asian Tour, and PGA Tour of Australasia. He has won twice on the European Tour, in India and Thailand, both events co-sanctioned with the Asian Tour.
## Amateur career {#amateur_career}
Dodt was born in Queensland, Australia and learned to play golf from the age of four at Gatton Golf Club, close to where he lived. He was a member of the Golf Australia National Squad and won many high-profile amateur tournaments including the 2007 Australian Amateur Stroke Play. That win gave Dodt a spot in the 2007 MFS Australian Open at The Australian Golf Club in December. He turned professional at the conclusion of that tournament.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
Dodt joined the Asian Tour for the 2008 season.finished his début season ranked 43rd on the Order of Merit, and improved to 15th in 2009. He won his first professional tournament at the 2010 Avantha Masters, which was co-sanctioned with the European Tour.
In 2015, Dodt won on the European Tour for the first time in five years at the True Thailand Classic, with a one stroke victory over Scott Hend and Thongchai Jaidee. He came from four shots behind in the final round with a five-under-par round to claim the victory. Dodt showed a return to form at the end of 2016, finishing runner-up in the Australian PGA Championship and tied for third in the UBS Hong Kong Open, in successive weeks. In 2017 he had some good results in important events, finishing tied for 6th place in the 2017 BMW PGA Championship and tied for 4th in the Aberdeen Asset Management Scottish Open. His good Scottish Open finish qualified him for the 2017 Open Championship where he finished tied for 44th place. 2018 was a disappointing year; his only top-10 finish being in the Fiji International.
Dodt injured his back in April 2019 and only returned to competitive golf in August at the Sarawak Championship. Dodt won the event after a playoff with Richard T. Lee. Dodt won with a birdie 4 at the first playoff hole. Earlier Lee had tied Dodt with an eagle 3 at the final hole.
## Amateur wins {#amateur_wins}
- 2003 Victorian Junior Masters
- 2006 Malaysian Amateur
- 2007 Australian Amateur Stroke Play
| 391 |
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# Andrew Dodt
## Professional wins (4) {#professional_wins_4}
### European Tour wins (2) {#european_tour_wins_2}
+-----+-------------+--------------------------+-----------------------+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of\ | Runner(s)-up |
| | | | | victory | |
+=====+=============+==========================+=======================+============+=============================================================+
| 1 | 14 Feb 2010 | Avantha Masters^1^ | −14 (67-68-71-68=274) | 1 stroke | Richard Finch |
+-----+-------------+--------------------------+-----------------------+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | 15 Feb 2015 | True Thailand Classic^1^ | −16 (71-67-67-67=272) | 1 stroke | Scott Hend, `{{flagicon|THA}}`{=mediawiki} Thongchai Jaidee |
+-----+-------------+--------------------------+-----------------------+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
^1^Co-sanctioned by the Asian Tour
### Asian Tour wins (3) {#asian_tour_wins_3}
+-----+-------------+--------------------------+-----------------------+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of\ | Runner(s)-up |
| | | | | victory | |
+=====+=============+==========================+=======================+============+=============================================================+
| 1 | 14 Feb 2010 | Avantha Masters^1^ | −14 (67-68-71-68=274) | 1 stroke | Richard Finch |
+-----+-------------+--------------------------+-----------------------+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | 15 Feb 2015 | True Thailand Classic^1^ | −16 (71-67-67-67=272) | 1 stroke | Scott Hend, `{{flagicon|THA}}`{=mediawiki} Thongchai Jaidee |
+-----+-------------+--------------------------+-----------------------+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | 18 Aug 2019 | Sarawak Championship | −24 (66-64-70-64=264) | Playoff | Richard T. Lee |
+-----+-------------+--------------------------+-----------------------+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
^1^Co-sanctioned by the European Tour
**Asian Tour playoff record (1--2)**
+-----+------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| No. | Year | Tournament | Opponent(s) | Result |
+=====+======+===========================+==============================================================+==============================================+
| 1 | 2008 | Hana Bank Vietnam Masters | Rhys Davies, `{{flagicon|THA}}`{=mediawiki} Thongchai Jaidee | Jaidee won with par on third extra hole\ |
| | | | | Dodt eliminated by birdie on second hole |
+-----+------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 2 | 2019 | Sarawak Championship | Richard T. Lee | Won with birdie on first extra hole |
+-----+------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 3 | 2020 | Bandar Malaysia Open | Trevor Simsby, `{{flagicon|USA}}`{=mediawiki} Jarin Todd | Simsby won with birdie on second extra hole\ |
| | | | | Todd eliminated by birdie on first hole |
+-----+------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
### PGA Tour of Australasia wins (1) {#pga_tour_of_australasia_wins_1}
+-----+-------------+-----------------------+----------------------+------------+-----------+
| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of\ | Runner-up |
| | | | | victory | |
+=====+=============+=======================+======================+============+===========+
| 1 | 31 Aug 2014 | Isuzu Queensland Open | −7 (72-70-72-67=281) | 2 strokes | Tom Bond |
+-----+-------------+-----------------------+----------------------+------------+-----------+
## Results in major championships {#results_in_major_championships}
Tournament 2017
----------------------- ------
The Open Championship T44
\"T\" = Tied\
*Note: Dodt only played in The Open Championship.*
## Results in World Golf Championships {#results_in_world_golf_championships}
*Results not in chronological order before 2015
| 397 |
Andrew Dodt
| 1 |
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# Volva (mycology)
thumb\|right\|upright=1.2\|A simplified diagram of an agaric-type basidioma in (A) the early development stage, and (B) after the body is fully expanded. (1) is the universal veil, the outer layer protecting the developing basidioma; (4) is the volva, the remnant of the universal veil at the base of the basidioma.
In mycology, a **volva** is a cup-like structure at the base of a mushroom that is a remnant of the universal veil, or the remains of the peridium that encloses the immature fruit bodies of gasteroid fungi. This macrofeature is important in wild mushroom identification because it is an easily observed, taxonomically significant feature that frequently signifies a member of Amanitaceae. This has particular importance due to the disproportionately high number of deadly poisonous species contained within that family.
A mushroom\'s volva is often partially or completely buried in the ground, and therefore care must be taken to check for its presence when identifying mushrooms. Cutting or pulling mushrooms and attempting to identify them later without having noted this feature could be a fatal error.
Whilst a volva is a feature best known from *Amanita* species and stinkhorns such as the Phallaceae family and others in the Phallales order, it may also occur with other genera including:
- *Volvariella*
- *Volvopluteus*
- *Volvanarius*
- *Battarrea*
Some other species such as *Leucoagaricus volvatus,* *Leucoagaricus bivelatus* also display a volva despite this not being a typical trait for these genera.
The majority of the almost 300 species described In the *Conocybe* genus do not have a volva but there are a small number of species in *Conocybe section Singerella* which possess a small volva, though in some it may not be immediately evident as they can remain buried in dung. *Conocybe* species with a volva include: *C. anthuriae*, *C. corneri*, *C hornana*, *C. locellina*, C. vaginata, *C. volvata*, *C. volviornata,* *C. volviradicata.* `{{Gallery| mode=packed
| Volvariella bombycina Volva.jpg| ''[[Volvariella bombycina]]''
| Volvariella surrecta.jpg| ''[[Volvariella surrecta]]'' growing parasitically
| Volvopluteus gloiocephalus Volva
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Volva (mycology)
| 0 |
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# Jamie Reid (poet)
**Jamie Reid** (April 10, 1941 -- June 25, 2015) was a Canadian writer, activist, and arts organizer. He was born in Timmins, Ontario and came of age on the west coast of Canada.
Reid co-founded the influential poetry journal *TISH* in Vancouver in 1961 with George Bowering, Frank Davey, David Dawson, and Fred Wah. He published his first collection of poems, *The Man Whose Path Was on Fire*, in 1969. A short time later he joined the Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist) and stopped writing for 25 years in favour of political activism \"because \[he\] didn't have a way of working the language of politics into the language of poetry.\"
Reid returned to poetry and cultural criticism in the late 1980s, with a special interest in jazz expressed in many of his works. He lived in North Vancouver with his wife, the painter Carol Reid, since returning to Vancouver in 1990, and their home was a hub of literary activism and activity, including the publication of his local/international avant-garde magazine *DaDaBaBy*. Reid also edited and contributed to the intergenerational Vancouver literary journal *Tads* (1996-2001) through which Reid, George Bowering, Renee Rodin, and George Stanley mentored younger writers, including Thea Bowering, Wayde Compton, Reg Johanson, Ryan Knighton, Jason le Heup, Cath Morris, Chris Turnbull, and Karina Vernon
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# Sikorsky S-61R
border
`|caption= US Coast Guard HH-3F "Pelican" from ``Coast Guard Air Station San Francisco`\
`|type= Medium-lift transport/``Search and Rescue`` (SAR) helicopter`\
`|manufacturer= ``Sikorsky`` `\
`Agusta`\
`|designer =`\
`|first_flight= 1963`\
`|introduction= 1965`\
`|retired =`\
`|status= In service`\
`|primary_user= ``United States Air Force`` (Historical)`\
`|more_users= ``United States Coast Guard`` (Historical)`\
`Italian Air Force`` (Historical) `\
` ``Tunisian Air Force`\
`|produced= 1963–1970s`\
`|number_built=`\
`|developed_from= ``Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King`\
`|variants =`
}}
The **Sikorsky S-61R** is a twin-engine helicopter used in transport or search and rescue roles. A developed version of the S-61 (the SH-3 Sea King), the S-61R was also built under license by Agusta as the **AS-61R**. The S-61R served in the United States Air Force as the **CH-3C/E Sea King** and the **HH-3E Jolly Green Giant**, and with the United States Coast Guard as the **HH-3F**, nicknamed **\"Pelican\"**. This article covers several different variants of this type in different roles, one major difference of the S-61R compared to the S-61 was a rear ramp.
The S-61R is recognized for its Search and Rescue and cargo hauling abilities.
## Development
The Sikorsky S-61R was developed as a derivative of their S-61/SH-3 Sea King model. It features a substantially revised fuselage with a rear loading ramp, a conventional, though watertight, hull instead of the S-61\'s boat-hull, and retractable tricycle landing gear. The fuselage layout was used by Sikorsky for the larger CH-53 variants, and by the much later (though similarly sized) S-92.
In 1957, Sikorsky engineers were working on a new model for the United States Navy to replace the HUS-1s, used for anti-submarine warfare. Designated the HSS-2 (Helicopter, anti-Submarine, Sikorsky) under the old designation system, this helicopter would enter service as the SH-3 Sea King under the new tri-service designation system. On 9 January 1958, General Randolph M. Pate, Commandant of the Marine Corps, wrote to the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) requesting procurement of modified HSS-2s to replace the Marines\' HUS-1 helicopters. General Pate recommended that the transport version be designated the HR3S (Helicopter, Transport-3-Sikorsky). Funds for aircraft procurement were short in 1958 and progress on the design of the HR3S was slow. Detailed specifications for the new helicopter were published by CNO on 7 March 1960. Four items were specified:
- a rear loading ramp
- fuselage capable of landing in water
- ready for operational evaluation by 1963
- a modification of a helicopter that had already been developed
While the design of the assault transport version was in final review, the HSS-2 was being tested. Problems were encountered with its stability and the main transmission was limited to 2,000 horsepower, even though at peak power the engines could produce more. In July 1959, before the selection of the HR3S, Vertol Aircraft Corporation had given presentations to the Marines of their new model, the 107A, and in late March 1960, with Sikorsky engineers still wrestling with problems in the HSS-2 and designing a ramp for the HR3S, Vertol dispatched a YHC-1A (an early prototype of the 107) to the Landing Force Development Center at Marine Corps Base Quantico, for assessment by six Marine pilots. The Marine assessment endorsed the acquisition of the Vertol 107M. On 20 February 1962, the Marines selected the Vertol 107M as the winner of the HRX competition, and it entered Marine service as the CH-46 Sea Knight.
Notwithstanding the loss of the HRX competition, Sikorsky built an S-61R prototype as a private venture, with its first flight in 1963. During its development, the US Air Force placed an order for the aircraft, which was designated **CH-3C** using the new system. The Air Force used the CH-3C to recover downed pilots. The **CH-3E** variant with more powerful engines would follow in 1965.
The improved **HH-3E** variant would follow later, with eight built, and with all 50 CH-3Es converted to this standard. Known as the *Jolly Green Giant* (because of its size and olive green color scheme; alluding to the Jolly Green Giant company mascot), the HH-3E featured protective armor, self-sealing tanks, a retractable inflight refueling probe, jettisonable external tanks, a high-speed hoist, and other specialized equipment.
In 1965, the U.S. Coast Guard ordered a version designated **HH-3F Sea King** (more commonly known by its nickname \"Pelican\") for all-weather air-sea rescue. The Pelican featured search radar with a nose antenna radome offset to port, and water landing capability.
Italian Agusta built a S-61R variant under license, named AS-61R. Agusta produced 22 helicopters for the Italian Air Force. The company claimed it could re-open the production line in 36 months to build additional AS-61 helicopters.
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# Sikorsky S-61R
## Operational service {#operational_service}
### United States {#united_states}
USAF variants served in numerous air rescue squadrons and aerospace rescue and recovery squadrons of the Military Airlift Command (MAC), rescue squadrons of the Air Combat Command (ACC) and other USAF major commands worldwide. The aircraft was also used by a number of Air Force Reserve Command and Air National Guard rescue squadrons. All USAF HH-3Es, to include Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard, were retired in the 1990s and replaced by the current HH-60G Pavehawk.
The HH-3F Pelican was a dependable workhorse for the US Coast Guard from the late 1960s until it was phased out in the late 1990s. All USCG HH-3Fs were replaced by the HH-60J Jayhawk and those aircraft have since been upgraded to the MH-60T Jayhawk version.
#### Transatlantic flight {#transatlantic_flight}
Between 31 May and 1 June 1967, two HH-3Es of the United States Air Force made the first nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean by helicopter. Departing from New York in the early hours, the two helicopters arrived at the 1967 Paris Air Show at Le Bourget after a 30 hr 46 min flight. The operation needed nine in-flight refuelings. Both helicopters were later lost in combat operations in Southeast Asia in 1969 and 1970.
### Italy
Agusta began production in 1974 and delivered 22 helicopters as replacements for the Grumman HU-16 Albatross used for SAR (Search and Rescue) missions at sea. Italian Air Force AS-61R helicopters performed SAR missions under designation HH-3F in time of peace and C/SAR (Combat SAR) in time of crisis or during military assignment. All helicopters were operated by the five flights of the 15° Stormo *Stefano Cagna* and deployed in four bases across Italy.
In Italian Service the HH-3F replaced HU-16 seaplanes. From 1993 15° Stormo performed support missions to evacuate civilians during natural catastrophes and disasters in Italy. 15º Stormo was also engaged with SAR missions in the hostile zones of the several operations abroad where Italian Armed Forces were deployed - Somalia, Albania, Bosnia, Kosovo, Iraq and Afghanistan.
The Italian Air Force phased out the HH-3F on 26 September 2014, replacing them with the AgustaWestland AW139 in the SAR role.
In November 2024, Clayton International purchased 26 retired Italian S-61R helicopters.
### Commercial service {#commercial_service}
In 2016 a S-61R crashed in Palm Bay Florida, about 15 minutes after taking off.
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# Sikorsky S-61R
## Variants
S-61R
: Military transport helicopter, Sikorsky model number.
HR3S-1
: Proposed transport helicopter for U.S. Marine Corps, cancelled
S-61R-10
: Prototype operated by Sikorsky and first flown 17 June 1963.
S-61R-12
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
: One aircraft for the Argentine Air Force to HH-3F standards.
CH-3C
: Long-range military transport helicopter for the US Air Force, 75 built.
CH-3E
: Long-range military transport helicopter for the US Air Force. 41 converted from CH-3C, plus 45 newly manufactured.
HH-3E Jolly Green Giant
: Long-range search and rescue helicopter for the US Air Force, 50 converted from CH-3E.
MH-3E
: Special Operations version for the US Air Force.
VH-3E
: US Air Force VIP transport helicopter.
HH-3F \"Pelican\"
: Long-range search and rescue helicopter for the US Coast Guard, 40 built.
AS-61R (HH-3F Pelican)
: Long-range search and rescue helicopter built since 1974 under license in Italy by Agusta, 22 built.
## Operators
### Civil
`{{USA}}`{=mediawiki}
- Croman Helicopters
- Erickson
### Military
`{{TUN}}`{=mediawiki}
- Tunisian Air Force
### Former
`{{ARG}}`{=mediawiki}
- Argentine Air Force
`{{ITA}}`{=mediawiki}
- Italian Air Force
`{{USA}}`{=mediawiki}
- San Bernardino County Sheriff
- United States Air Force
- United States Coast Guard
## Aircraft on display {#aircraft_on_display}
### Argentina
- H-02 -- S-61R on static display at the Museo Nacional de Aeronáutica in Morón, Buenos Aires. It was formerly used as a presidential helicopter.
### United States {#united_states_1}
- 44010 -- CH-3C in storage at Yanks Air Museum in Chino, California.
- 62-12581 -- CH-3C on static display at the Air Force Flight Test Center Museum at Edwards Air Force Base near Rosamond, California.
- 63-9676 -- CH-3E in storage at the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio.
- 65-5690 -- CH-3E on static display at the Aerospace Museum of California at Sacramento McClellan Airport (former McClellan AFB) in Sacramento, California.
- 64-14232 -- H-3E on static display at Kirtland Air Force Base in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
- 65-12784 -- HH-3E on static display at the Air Park at Hurlburt Field in Mary Esther, Florida.
- 65-12797 -- CH-3E on static display at the Carolinas Aviation Museum in Charlotte, North Carolina.
- 66-13290 -- HH-3E on static display at Francis S. Gabreski Air National Guard Base in Westhampton, New York. It is the aircraft in which Leland T. Kennedy earned the first of his two Air Force Crosses.
- 67-14703 -- HH-3E on static display at the Museum of Aviation at Robins Air Force Base in Warner Robins, Georgia.
- 67-14709 -- HH-3E on static display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio.
- USCG 1476 -- HH-3F on static display at the Pima Air and Space Museum adjacent to Davis-Monthan Air Force Base in Tucson, Arizona.
- USCG 1484 -- HH-3F on static display at Winvian Farm in Morris, Connecticut. It is incorporated into a guest bedroom.
- USCG 1486 -- HH-3F on static display at the National Naval Aviation Museum at Naval Air Station Pensacola in Pensacola, Florida.
## Specifications (HH-3E) {#specifications_hh_3e}
`{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Evergreen,<ref name=Evergreen_S-61R_specs>[http://www.evergreenaviation.com/EHI/specsheets/s61.html S-61R specifications] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181434/http://www.evergreenaviation.com/EHI/specsheets/s61.html |date=3 March 2016 }}. EvergreenAviation.com</ref> Globalsecurity<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/hh-3-specs.htm HH-3 specifications]. GlobalSecurity.org</ref>
|prime units?=kts
<!--
General characteristics
-->
|crew=3
|capacity=28 pax / {{cvt|6500|lb|0}} payload
|length ft=73
|length in=
|length note=
|width ft=<!-- if applicable -->
|width in=<!-- if applicable -->
|width note=
|height ft=18
|height in=1
|height note=
|empty weight lb=13341
|empty weight note=
|gross weight lb=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight lb=22050
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity={{cvt|683|USgal|impgal l}}
|more general=
<!--
Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=[[General Electric T58-GE-10]]
|eng1 type=[[turboshaft]] engines
|eng1 shp=1400
|eng1 note=
|rot number=1
|rot dia ft=62
|rot dia in=<!-- helicopters -->
|rot area sqft=3019
|rot area note=5-bladed main rotor; blade section [[NACA airfoil|NACA 0012]]<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>
<!--
Performance
-->
|max speed kts=143
|max speed note=
|cruise speed kts=
|cruise speed note=
|never exceed speed kts=
|never exceed speed note=
|range nmi=779
|range note=
|combat range nmi=
|combat range note=
|ferry range nmi=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling ft=21000
|ceiling note=IGE
::::{{cvt|17500|ft|0}} OGE
|climb rate ftmin=2220
|climb rate note=IGE
::::{{cvt|1300|ft/min|0}} OGE
|time to altitude=
|disk loading lb/sqft=7.3
|disk loading note=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass=
|more performance=
<!--
Armament
-->
|guns= Door guns on some variants (For information on American equipment, see [[U.S. Helicopter Armament Subsystems#CH-3E Sea King.2FHH-3E Jolly Green Giant .28Sikorsky S-61R.29|U.S
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# Fat Guy Stuck in Internet
***Fat Guy Stuck in Internet*** is an American science-fiction comedy television series created by John Gemberling and Curtis Gwinn for Cartoon Network\'s late-night adult-oriented programming block Adult Swim; and ended with a total of ten episodes.
An adaptation/remake of Gemberling and Gwinn\'s 2005 Channel 102 web series *Gemberling*, *Fat Guy Stuck in Internet* follows computer programmer Ken Gemberling -- the titular \"Fat Guy\" -- who is accidentally sucked into his computer and learns he is destined to save cyberspace from a variety of evils. After a pilot aired in May 2007, Adult Swim commissioned a full season of *Fat Guy Stuck in Internet* which lasted ten episodes, airing from June 2008 to August 2008. Following the run of its first season, the channel chose not to renew the show for a second, effectively cancelling the series.
## Setting and premise {#setting_and_premise}
Hotshot computer programmer Ken Gemberling is the top programmer at Ynapmoclive Interactive, but is also remarkably rude, selfish, and arrogant. After dumping beer on his computer keyboard, Gemberling is inexplicably sucked into his computer, landing in the farthest reaches of the internet where he soon discovers that he is in fact \"The Chosen One\", prophesied to save cyberspace from a devastating virus known as the nanoplague. Joined by a pair of humanoid \"programs\" named Bit and Byte, Gemberling embarks on an epic adventure to save the internet, return home and unleash the hero within, all the while hunted through cyberspace by ruthless white trash bounty hunter Chains.
## Production
*Fat Guy Stuck in Internet* first appeared as a 2005 web series created by Upright Citizens Brigade alumni John Gemberling and Curtis Gwinn, known as the comedy duo of The Cowboy & John. Originally titled *Gemberling*, the series followed the same storyline and major plot points of its television adaptation, featuring much of the same cast (with the notable exception of Katie Dippold in the role of Byte) though with a considerably lower budget and more profanity. Aired in five-minute episodes as part of Channel 102, *Gemberling* became Channel 102\'s longest-running original series, lasting a total of eight episodes including a 17-minute finale. The shorts also aired as part of Fuse TV{{\'}}s *Munchies*.
In January 2007, Cartoon Network announced that they had commissioned Gemberling and Gwinn to create a series based on *Gemberling* as part of the Adult Swim programming block. Adult Swim made the decision to rename the series as *Fat Guy Stuck in Internet*, a title which both creators disliked. The entirety of the series was filmed and produced inside of a warehouse in Bushwick, Brooklyn. On May 30, 2008, Gemberling and Gwinn premiered *Fat Guy Stuck in Internet* before a live audience at the Upright Citizens Brigade theatre in New York City.
*Fat Guy Stuck in Internet* uses a mix of greenscreen effects, hard sets, miniatures, matte paintings and computer animation to create the show\'s cyberspace environment, though carries over many of the intentionally low-budget props and special effects from the web series (e.g. broom handles being used as laser-shooting weapons, etc.).
The basic premise of *Fat Guy Stuck in Internet* is a parody of the film *Tron*, from which the series also borrows several visual elements. Gemberling and Gwinn have noted further parody and stylistic influence taken from *The Matrix*, *Star Wars*, *The Lord of the Rings* and Stephen King, in particular his *Dark Tower* series.
## Characters
- **Gemberling** (John Gemberling) -- A skilled but slovenly programmer in real life otherwise recognized by his given internet handle of \"Fat Guy Stuck in Internet\", Gemberling is actually the prophesied savior of the internet, destined to save cyberspace from evil. At first a selfish jerk, Gemberling\'s quest brings out his inner goodness and strength as he learns the value of heroism and friendship.
- **Chains** (Curtis Gwinn) -- A dim-witted redneck bounty hunter hired by the C.E.O. to track Gemberling through cyberspace, Chains is more interested in smoking pot and eating cyberchicken than doing his job. Chains eventually becomes Gemberling\'s troublesome sidekick.
- **Byte** (Liz Cackowski) -- The sister of Bit, Byte is a humanoid computer program who aides Gemberling early in his quest, placing great confidence and belief in his abilities. She is later kidnapped by Chains and converted to evil by the C.E.O.
- **Bit** (Neil Casey) -- Brother of Byte, Bit is another humanoid program who assists Gemberling in his adventure. Along with Byte, he is kidnapped by Chains and ultimately suffers his fate at the hands of his newly evil sister.
- **The C.E.O.** (John Gemberling) -- The villainous (albeit inept) C.E.O. of Ynapmoclive Interactive, he controls the nanoplague which will destroy the internet.
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# Fat Guy Stuck in Internet
## Episodes
## International broadcast {#international_broadcast}
In Canada, *Fat Guy Stuck in Internet* previously aired on G4\'s Adult Digital Distraction block, and on the Canadian version of Adult Swim.
## Reception
*Fat Guy Stuck in Internet* received mixed reviews from viewers and critics. *The A.V. Club*, having reviewed every episode as part of their \"Adult Swim Sunday\" column, was one of the series\' harsher critics, primarily criticizing the show\'s \"cheap\" writing, poor movie parodies and John Gemberling\'s \"smirking, mediocre\" performance. As the series progressed, however, the reception became a bit warmer, with later episodes being called \"not completely terrible\" and \"not entirely unpleasant\" to the final episode being described as \"going out with a bang\", the reviewer admitting \"for a couple minutes, I actually found myself engaged\". *Time* looked positively on the series, noting the show \"delivers\", being \"striking-looking and even good-hearted in its own bizarre way\"
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# 1988 Federation Cup (tennis)
The **1988 Federation Cup** was the 26th edition of the most important competition between national teams in women\'s tennis. The tournament was held at Flinders Park in Melbourne, Australia, from 4--11 December. Czechoslovakia defeated the Soviet Union in the final (in what was the first time the Soviet Union reached the semifinals since 1979), giving Czechoslovakia their 5th title, and 4th in six years.
## Qualifying round {#qualifying_round}
All ties were played at Flinders Park in Melbourne, Australia, on hard courts.
Winning Team Score Losing Team
------------------------------------ ------- -------------
**`{{fed|CHN}}`{=mediawiki}** 2--1
2--1
3--0
**`{{fed|BUL|1971}}`{=mediawiki}** 3--0
Winning nations advance to Main Draw, losing nations play in consolation rounds.
### China vs. Malta {#china_vs._malta}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Tang Min \|7 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Carol Cassar-Torreggiani \|6.035 \|2 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Hua Wei \|T1P2=Tang Min \|6 \|6.045 \|6 \|T2P1=Carol Cassar-Torreggiani \|T2P2=Alexia Gera \|4 \|7 \|2 }} }}
### Luxembourg vs. Chinese Taipei {#luxembourg_vs._chinese_taipei}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Karin Kschwendt \|4 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Wang Shi-ting \|6 \|4 \|1 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ginette Huberty \|T1P2=Karin Kschwendt \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Lai Su-lin \|T2P2=Wang Shi-ting \|1 \|0 \| }} }}
### South Korea vs. Ireland {#south_korea_vs._ireland}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Park Mal-sim \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Siobhán Nicholson \|3 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Lee Jeong-soon \|T1P2=Sohn Mi-ae \|6 \|5 \|6 \|T2P1=Siobhán Nicholson \|T2P2=Lesley O\'Halloran \|2 \|7 \|2 }} }}
### Bulgaria vs. Philippines {#bulgaria_vs._philippines}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Elena Pampoulova \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Sarah Rafael \|3 \|2 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Galia Angelova \|T1P2=Svetlana Krivencheva \|6.065 \|7 \|6 \|T2P1=Dyan Castillejo \|T2P2=Jennifer Saberon \|7 \|6.025 \|4 }} }}
## Main draw {#main_draw}
**Participating Teams**
-------------------------
1st Round losing teams play in consolation rounds
### First round {#first_round}
#### West Germany vs. Mexico {#west_germany_vs._mexico}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Claudia Kohde-Kilsch \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Claudia Hernández \|2 \|0 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Isabel Cueto \|T1P2=Eva Pfaff \|7 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Lucila Becerra \|T2P2=Claudia Hernández \|6.045 \|2 \| }} }}
#### Japan vs. France {#japan_vs._france}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Etsuko Inoue \|3 \|3 \| \|T2P1=Catherine Tanvier \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Etsuko Inoue \|T1P2=Akiko Kijimuta \|4 \|6.035 \| \|T2P1=Catherine Suire \|T2P2=Catherine Tanvier \|6 \|7 \| }} }}
#### Italy vs. Poland {#italy_vs._poland}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Laura Garrone \|6 \|4 \|3 \|T2P1=Katarzyna Nowak \|0 \|6 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Cathy Caverzasio \|T1P2=Laura Garrone \|2 \|7 \|6 \|T2P1=Katarzyna Nowak \|T2P2=Ewa Zerdecka \|6 \|6.025 \|2 }} }}
#### Israel vs. Australia {#israel_vs._australia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ilana Berger \|2 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Anne Minter \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ilana Berger \|T1P2=Hagit Ohayon \|2 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Elizabeth Smylie \|T2P2=Wendy Turnbull \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Soviet Union vs. Yugoslavia {#soviet_union_vs._yugoslavia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Natasha Zvereva \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Karmen Škulj \|1 \|4 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Larisa Savchenko \|T1P2=Natasha Zvereva \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Mima Jaušovec \|T2P2=Karmen Škulj \|1 \|3 \| }} }}
#### Belgium vs. Austria {#belgium_vs._austria}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ann Devries \|1 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Judith Wiesner \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Sabine Appelmans \|T1P2=Ann Devries \|4 \|6.025 \| \|T2P1=Heidi Sprung \|T2P2=Judith Wiesner \|6 \|7 \| }} }}
#### Netherlands vs. Spain {#netherlands_vs._spain}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Brenda Schultz \|2 \|6.045 \| \|T2P1=Arantxa Sánchez Vicario \|6 \|7 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Manon Bollegraf \|T1P2=Caroline Vis \|7 \|4 \|4 \|T2P1=Conchita Martínez \|T2P2=Arantxa Sánchez Vicario \|5 \|6 \|6 }} }}
#### Indonesia vs. Great Britain {#indonesia_vs._great_britain}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Yayuk Basuki \|6 \|7 \| \|T2P1=Sara Gomer \|2 \|6.055 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Suzanna Anggarkusuma \|T1P2=Yayuk Basuki \|7 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Julie Salmon \|T2P2=Clare Wood \|5 \|3 \| }} }}
#### Czechoslovakia vs. Brazil {#czechoslovakia_vs._brazil}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Helena Suková \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Niege Dias \|1 \|3 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Jana Novotná \|T1P2=Jana Pospíšilová \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Niege Dias \|T2P2=Luciana Tella \|3 \|2 \| }} }}
#### China vs. New Zealand {#china_vs._new_zealand}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Tang Min \|4 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Belinda Cordwell \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Hua Wei \|T1P2=Tang Min \|1 \|6.025 \| \|T2P1=Belinda Cordwell \|T2P2=Julie Richardson \|6 \|7 \| }} }}
#### Denmark vs. Luxembourg {#denmark_vs._luxembourg}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Tine Scheuer-Larsen \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Karin Kschwendt \|3 \|4 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Henriette Kjær Nielsen \|T1P2=Tine Scheuer-Larsen \|2 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Ginette Huberty \|T2P2=Karin Kschwendt \|6 \|4 \|3 }} }}
#### Greece vs. Argentina {#greece_vs._argentina}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Angeliki Kanellopoulou \|6 \|5 \|3 \|T2P1=Bettina Fulco \|1 \|7 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Christína Papadáki \|T1P2=Olga Tsarbopoulou \|1 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Mercedes Paz \|T2P2=Cristina Tessi \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Canada vs. South Korea {#canada_vs._south_korea}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Helen Kelesi \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Park Mal-sim \|1 \|2 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Helen Kelesi \|T1P2=Rene Simpson \|4 \|6.045 \| \|T2P1=Kim Il-soon \|T2P2=Lee Jeong-myung \|6 \|7 \| }} }}
#### Finland vs. Hungary {#finland_vs._hungary}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Petra Thorén \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Réka Szikszay \|3 \|3 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Anne Aallonen \|T1P2=Nanne Dahlman \|6 \|4 \|4 \|T2P1=Virág Csurgó \|T2P2=Réka Szikszay \|4 \|6 \|6 }} }}
#### Bulgaria vs. Sweden {#bulgaria_vs._sweden}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Elena Pampoulova \|5 \|3 \| \|T2P1=Catarina Lindqvist \|7 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Galia Angelova \|T1P2=Elena Pampoulova \|6 \|6.045 \|1 \|T2P1=Jonna Jonerup \|T2P2=Maria Lindström \|2 \|7 \|6 }} }}
#### Switzerland vs. United States {#switzerland_vs._united_states}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Eva Krapl \|2 \|4 \| \|T2P1=Barbara Potter \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Sandrine Jaquet \|T1P2=Emanuela Zardo \|0 \|0 \| \|T2P1=Patty Fendick \|T2P2=Gigi Fernández \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
### Second round {#second_round}
#### West Germany vs. France {#west_germany_vs._france}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Claudia Kohde-Kilsch \|7 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Catherine Tanvier \|5 \|4 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Isabel Cueto \|T1P2=Eva Pfaff \|6 \|4 \|6 \|T2P1=Maïder Laval \|T2P2=Catherine Suire \|4 \|6 \|1 }} }}
#### Italy vs. Australia {#italy_vs._australia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Laura Garrone \|6.00 \|3 \| \|T2P1=Anne Minter \|7 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Cathy Caverzasio \|T1P2=Laura Garrone \|4 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Elizabeth Smylie \|T2P2=Wendy Turnbull \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Soviet Union vs. Austria {#soviet_union_vs._austria}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Natasha Zvereva \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Judith Wiesner \|3 \|3 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Larisa Savchenko \|T1P2=Natasha Zvereva \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Heidi Sprung \|T2P2=Judith Wiesner \|1 \|1 \| }} }}
#### Spain vs. Indonesia {#spain_vs._indonesia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Arantxa Sánchez Vicario \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Yayuk Basuki \|1 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Conchita Martínez \|T1P2=Arantxa Sánchez Vicario \|6 \|5 \|6 \|T2P1=Suzanna Anggarkusuma \|T2P2=Yayuk Basuki \|0 \|7 \|2 }} }}
#### Czechoslovakia vs. New Zealand {#czechoslovakia_vs._new_zealand}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Helena Suková \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Belinda Cordwell \|4 \|3 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Jana Novotná \|T1P2=Jana Pospíšilová \|7 \|7 \| \|T2P1=Belinda Cordwell \|T2P2=Julie Richardson \|6.005 \|6.035 \| }} }}
#### Denmark vs. Argentina {#denmark_vs._argentina}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Tine Scheuer-Larsen \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Bettina Fulco \|3 \|2 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Henriette Kjær Nielsen \|T1P2=Tine Scheuer-Larsen \|4 \|7 \|6 \|T2P1=Bettina Fulco \|T2P2=Mercedes Paz \|6 \|6.055 \|4 }} }}
#### Canada vs. Finland {#canada_vs._finland}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Helen Kelesi \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Petra Thorén \|4 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Jill Hetherington \|T1P2=Helen Kelesi \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Anne Aallonen \|T2P2=Nanne Dahlman \|1 \|1 \| }} }}
#### Sweden vs. United States {#sweden_vs._united_states}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Catarina Lindqvist \|6 \|7 \| \|T2P1=Lori McNeil \|4 \|5 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Catarina Lindqvist \|T1P2=Maria Lindström \|5 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Gigi Fernández \|T2P2=Lori McNeil \|7 \|6 \| }} }}
| 1,161 |
1988 Federation Cup (tennis)
| 0 |
10,996,780 |
# 1988 Federation Cup (tennis)
## Main draw {#main_draw}
### Quarterfinals
#### West Germany vs. Australia {#west_germany_vs._australia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Claudia Kohde-Kilsch \|1 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Anne Minter \|6 \|4 \|3 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Sylvia Hanika \|T1P2=Claudia Kohde-Kilsch \|6 \|0 \|2 \|T2P1=Elizabeth Smylie \|T2P2=Wendy Turnbull \|2 \|6 \|6 }} }}
#### Soviet Union vs. Spain {#soviet_union_vs._spain}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Natasha Zvereva \|6.025 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Arantxa Sánchez Vicario \|7 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Larisa Savchenko \|T1P2=Natasha Zvereva \|4 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Conchita Martínez \|T2P2=Arantxa Sánchez Vicario \|6 \|4 \|4 }} }}
#### Czechoslovakia vs. Denmark {#czechoslovakia_vs._denmark}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Helena Suková \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Tine Scheuer-Larsen \|4 \|4 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Jana Novotná \|T1P2=Jana Pospíšilová \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Henriette Kjær Nielsen \|T2P2=Tine Scheuer-Larsen \|3 \|2 \| }} }}
#### Canada vs. Sweden {#canada_vs._sweden}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Helen Kelesi \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Catarina Lindqvist \|4 \|4 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Jill Hetherington \|T1P2=Helen Kelesi \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Catarina Lindqvist \|T2P2=Maria Lindström \|3 \|0 \| }} }}
### Semifinals
#### West Germany vs. Soviet Union {#west_germany_vs._soviet_union}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Claudia Kohde-Kilsch \|7 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Natasha Zvereva \|5 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Sylvia Hanika \|T1P2=Claudia Kohde-Kilsch \|6 \|1 \|5 \|T2P1=Larisa Savchenko \|T2P2=Natasha Zvereva \|1 \|6 \|7 }} }}
#### Czechoslovakia vs. Canada {#czechoslovakia_vs._canada}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Helena Suková \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Helen Kelesi \|0 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Jana Novotná \|T1P2=Jana Pospíšilová \|7 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Helen Kelesi \|T2P2=Rene Simpson \|6.025 \|3 \| }} }}
### Final
#### Soviet Union vs. Czechoslovakia {#soviet_union_vs._czechoslovakia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Natasha Zvereva \|3 \|4 \| \|T2P1=Helena Suková \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Larisa Savchenko \|T1P2=Natasha Zvereva \|7 \|7 \| \|T2P1=Jana Pospíšilová \|T2P2=Jana Novotná \|6.05 \|5 \| }} }} `{{winners-other|1988 Federation Cup Champions|Czechoslovakia|[[Czechoslovakia]]|Fifth}}`{=mediawiki}
| 279 |
1988 Federation Cup (tennis)
| 1 |
10,996,780 |
# 1988 Federation Cup (tennis)
## Consolation rounds {#consolation_rounds}
### Draw
### First round {#first_round_1}
#### Philippines vs. Ireland {#philippines_vs._ireland}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Sarah Rafael \|2 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Siobhán Nicholson \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Dyan Castillejo \|T1P2=Jennifer Saberon \|2 \|4 \| \|T2P1=Siobhán Nicholson \|T2P2=Lesley O\'Halloran \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Bulgaria vs. Malta {#bulgaria_vs._malta}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Elena Pampoulova \|7 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Carol Cassar-Torreggiani \|6.045 \|3 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Galia Angelova \|T1P2=Svetlana Krivencheva \|4 \|7 \|1 \|T2P1=Helen Asciak \|T2P2=Carol Cassar-Torreggiani \|6 \|5 \|6 }} }}
#### Luxembourg vs. South Korea {#luxembourg_vs._south_korea}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Karin Kschwendt \|7 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Kim Il-soon \|5 \|3 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ginette Huberty \|T1P2=Karin Kschwendt \|1 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Kim Il-soon \|T2P2=Lee Jeong-soon \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### China vs. Chinese Taipei {#china_vs._chinese_taipei}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Tang Min \|6 \|3 \|3 \|T2P1=Wang Shi-ting \|3 \|6 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Hua Wei \|T1P2=Yang Li-Hua \|6.025 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Lai Su-lin \|T2P2=Lin Ya-hui \|7 \|6 \| }} }}
### Second round {#second_round_1}
#### Brazil vs. Hungary {#brazil_vs._hungary}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Niege Dias \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Réka Szikszay \|2 \|0 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Niege Dias \|T1P2=Luciana Tella \|6 \|7 \| \|T2P1=Virág Csurgó \|T2P2=Réka Szikszay \|2 \|6.065 \| }} }}
#### Poland vs. Israel {#poland_vs._israel}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ewa Zerdecka \|5 \|3 \| \|T2P1=Ilana Berger \|7 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Magdalena Feistel \|T1P2=Ewa Zerdecka \|2 \|4 \| \|T2P1=Ilana Berger \|T2P2=Hagit Ohayon \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Yugoslavia vs. Ireland {#yugoslavia_vs._ireland}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Karmen Škulj \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Lesley O\'Halloran \|3 \|2 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Mima Jaušovec \|T1P2=Karmen Škulj \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Jo Griffiths \|T2P2=Lesley O\'Halloran \|4 \|1 \| }} }}
#### Netherlands vs. Bulgaria {#netherlands_vs._bulgaria}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Brenda Schultz \|4 \|7 \|7 \|T2P1=Elena Pampoulova \|6 \|6.045 \|5 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Carin Bakkum \|T1P2=Brenda Schultz \| \| \| \|T2P1=Galia Angelova \|T2P2=Svetlana Krivencheva \| \| \|np= }} }}
#### South Korea vs. Japan {#south_korea_vs._japan}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Park Mal-sim \|6 \|2 \|6 \|T2P1=Etsuko Inoue \|4 \|6 \|4 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Kim Il-soon \|T1P2=Lee Jeong-soon \|4 \|6 \|8 \|T2P1=Akiko Kijimuta \|T2P2=Kumiko Okamoto \|6 \|1 \|6 }} }}
#### Greece vs. Belgium {#greece_vs._belgium}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Angeliki Kanellopoulou \|6 \|3 \|2 \|T2P1=Ann Devries \|3 \|6 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Christína Papadáki \|T1P2=Olga Tsarbopoulou \|2 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Ann Devries \|T2P2=Caroline van Renterghem \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Chinese Taipei vs. Mexico {#chinese_taipei_vs._mexico}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Wang Shi-ting \|5 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Claudia Hernández \|7 \|3 \|1 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Lai Su-lin \|T1P2=Wang Shi-ting \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Lucila Becerra \|T2P2=Xóchitl Escobedo \|2 \|4 \| }} }}
#### Switzerland vs. Great Britain {#switzerland_vs._great_britain}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Eva Krapl \|6 \|5 \|2 \|T2P1=Sara Gomer \|4 \|7 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Sandrine Jaquet \|T1P2=Eva Krapl \|3 \|0 \| \|T2P1=Sara Gomer \|T2P2=Julie Salmon \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
### Quarterfinals {#quarterfinals_1}
#### Brazil vs. Israel {#brazil_vs._israel}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Niege Dias \|6 \|7 \| \|T2P1=Ilana Berger \|2 \|5 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Niege Dias \|T1P2=Luciana Tella \|6 \|7 \| \|T2P1=Ilana Berger \|T2P2=Hagit Ohayon \|4 \|5 \| }} }}
#### Yugoslavia vs. Netherlands {#yugoslavia_vs._netherlands}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Karmen Škulj \|2 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Brenda Schultz \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Tanja Černe \|T1P2=Karmen Škulj \|0 \|7 \|2 \|T2P1=Carin Bakkum \|T2P2=Brenda Schultz \|6 \|5 \|6 }} }}
#### South Korea vs. Belgium {#south_korea_vs._belgium}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Park Mal-sim \|6 \|6.095 \|1 \|T2P1=Ann Devries \|3 \|7 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Lee Jeong-soon \|T1P2=Sohn Mi-ae \|7 \|3 \|6 \|T2P1=Sabine Appelmans \|T2P2=Caroline van Renterghem \|5 \|6 \|4 }} }}
#### Chinese Taipei vs. Great Britain {#chinese_taipei_vs._great_britain}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Wang Shi-ting \|4 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Sara Gomer \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Lai Su-lin \|T1P2=Wang Shi-ting \|1 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Sara Gomer \|T2P2=Julie Salmon \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
### Semifinals {#semifinals_1}
#### Brazil vs. Netherlands {#brazil_vs._netherlands}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Niege Dias \|2 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Brenda Schultz \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Niege Dias \|T1P2=Luciana Tella \|3 \|4 \| \|T2P1=Manon Bollegraf \|T2P2=Caroline Vis \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Belgium vs. Great Britain {#belgium_vs._great_britain}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ann Devries \|7 \|2 \|4 \|T2P1=Sara Gomer \|6.035 \|6 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ann Devries \|T1P2=Caroline van Renterghem \|1 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Sara Gomer \|T2P2=Julie Salmon \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
### Final {#final_1}
#### Netherlands vs. Great Britain {#netherlands_vs
| 694 |
1988 Federation Cup (tennis)
| 2 |
10,996,820 |
# Rokeby, Ontario
**Rokeby, Ontario** was the Government townsite located on the mainland at Bobcaygeon, Ontario, Canada, by the Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada, Sir John Colborne. Through common usage and the establishment of a Post Office in 1838, the name Bobcaygeon came to describe the entire town.
Rokeby Park was the home of John Morritt, in County Durham, England. This was close to the confluence of the River Greta and the River Tees. This area inspired the painting \'Rokeby\', by Turner, which depicts the waterfall and rocks at the \'meeting of the waters\'. It seems likely that both Colborne and Thomas Need would have been familiar with this part of England, and possibly with the painting. They would certainly have been familiar with the epic poem *Rokeby*, by Sir Walter Scott, which was written, and set, in that locality. Rokeby would have been a natural choice for this place of rapids, rocks, and waterfalls - which we now know as Bobcaygeon.
In 2023, a new Polyethylene production facility was opened in the town
| 173 |
Rokeby, Ontario
| 0 |
10,996,831 |
# Alpert Awards in the Arts
The **Herb Alpert Award in the Arts** was established in the 1994 by *The Herb Alpert Foundation* in collaboration with the California Institute of the Arts. The Herb Alpert Foundation, which included then-present Kip Cohen, and benefactors Herbert and Lani Alpert, approached then-CalArts president Steven Lavine with the proposition of providing young artists studying at the institute opportunities to engage with current American artists. This would be a forum to provide them with the best possible professional training. CalArts previously established a relationship with Herb Alpert from his support of the jazz program at the School of Music.
Initially, the Alpert Foundation provided a \$50,000 award to five early mid-career artists. Artist are selected in the disciplines of dance, film and video, music, theatre, and visual arts, each representative of five of the six schools at CalArts. In order to be selected for the award, there is a two-tier process of nominators and panelists. Each year, the CalArts faculty determines fifty artists and art professionals as nominators to select two artist each. 100 artists are then invited to apply to award, which will be judged by panel of three experts in each discipline (15 total). According to the foundation, the awards are chosen by a panel of experts and are given to risk-taking artists typically in their mid-careers. The foundation attempts to identify artists who were sensitive to the artist\'s potential contribution to society. Awardees spend a week at CalArts, lecturing, offering classes, and meeting individually with current students. In addition to the residency, recipients have also shown or performed their work at CalArts\' professional arts theater, REDCAT, in downtown Los Angeles.
In 2010, the foundation in increased its annual fellowship to \$75,000. In 2021, the Foundation increased the number of recipients to two in each discipline, comprising with a total of ten awardees each year.
Year Film/Video Visual Arts Theatre Dance Music
------ -------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------
1995 Leslie Thornton Mel Chin Reza Abdoh Ann Carlson James Carter
1996 Su Friedrich Carrie Mae Weems Suzan-Lori Parks David Roussève Anne LeBaron
1997 Craig Baldwin Kerry James Marshall Lisa Kron Victoria Marks Chen Yi
1998 Jeanne C. Finley Roni Horn Danny Hoch Joanna Haigood Pamela Z
1999 Lourdes Portillo Pepon Osorio Brian Freeman Ralph Lemon George Lewis
2000 Peggy Ahwesh Shirin Neshat W. David Hancock Mark Dendy Steve Coleman
2001 Ellen Bruno Cai Guo-Qiang Erik Ehn John Kelly Zhou Long
2002 RTMark Christian Marclay David Greenspan Lisa Nelson Laetitia Sonami
2003 Coco Fusco Catherine Opie Carl Hancock Rux Rennie Harris Vijay Iyer
2004 Renee Tajima-Peña Catherine Sullivan Dan Hurlin Stephan Koplowitz Miya Masaoka
2005 Jem Cohen Harrell Fletcher Naomi Iizuka Donna Uchizono David Dunn
2006 Bill Morrison Jim Hodges Daniel Alexander Jones Sarah Michelson Lawrence D. Morris
2007 Jacqueline Goss Walid Raad Cynthia Hopkins Jeanine Durning Mark Feldman
2008 Bruce McClure Byron Kim Lisa D\'Amour Pat Graney Derek Bermel
2009 Paul Chan Paul Pfeiffer Rinde Eckert Reggie Wilson John King
2010 Jim Trainor Rachel Harrison Bill Talen Susan Rethorst Lukas Ligeti
2011 Natalia Almada Emily Jacir Marc Bamuthi Joseph Jess Curtis Nicole Mitchell
2012 Kevin Everson Michael Smith Eisa Davis Nora Chipaumire Myra Melford
2013 Lucien Castaing-Taylor Sharon Hayes Pavol Liska & Kelly Copper Julia Rhoads Alex Mincek
2014 Deborah Stratman Daniel Joseph Martinez Annie Dorsen Michelle Dorrance Matana Roberts
2015 Sharon Lockhart Tania Bruguera Taylor Mac Maria Hassabi Julia Wolfe
2016 Cauleen Smith Simone Leigh Anne Washburn Ishmael Houston-Jones Dohee Lee
2017 Kerry Tribe Amy Franceschini Daniel Fish luciana achugar Eve Beglarian
2018 Arthur Jafa Michael Rakowitz Robert O\'Hara Okwui Okpokwasili Courtney Bryan
2019 Beatriz Santiago Muñoz Cecilia Vicuña Lloyd Suh Pam Tanowitz Meshell Ndegeocello
2020 Sky Hopinka Firelei Báez Phil Soltanoff Karen Sherman Christian Scott
2021 Kahlil Joseph, Adam Khalil Tanya Lukin Linklater, Steffani Jemison Kimber Lee, Kaneza Schaal Beth Gill, Will Rawls David Virelles, Toshi Reagon
2022 Bani Khoshnoudi, Terence Nance Guadalupe Maravilla, Martine Syms Virginia Grise, Aleshea Harris Nia Love, Yanira Castro Tomeka Reid, Cory Smythe
2023 Christopher Harris, Madeleine Hunt-Ehrlich American Artist, Park McArthur Whitney White, Tania El Khoury Makini \[jumatatu m
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# Harvard University Choir
The **Harvard University Choir**, more commonly referred to as the **University Choir** or simply **UChoir**, is Harvard University\'s oldest choir. It has provided choral music for the Harvard Memorial Church and its predecessor church for over 180 years, and is Harvard\'s only professional choir. Each year, a select group of choristers also make up the Harvard Choral Fellows, who sing at the church\'s daily Morning Prayers service in Appleton Chapel.
The University Choir is the only professional choir on campus. Singers are paid a significant stipend each year. The Choir is directed by Edward Elwyn Jones, the Gund University Organist and Choirmaster at Memorial Church, and David von Behren, the Assistant University Organist and Choirmaster. In fall 2009, UChoir performed in the 100th Carols Services, the oldest carols service in the country, and in that spring performed J.S. Bach\'s St. John\'s Passion.
## History of the University Choir {#history_of_the_university_choir}
While the first mention of choral performance at Harvard comes from the eighteenth century, a formal constitution of the University Choir was not seen until 1834; the constitution makes it clear, however, that the choir had existed before this date. One of the attractions of joining the choir at the time was the lack of supervision during compulsory Morning Prayers services.
The Choir sat in the Gallery and were left alone until it was time to sing; often they would sleep or read, paying little attention to the service. After the appointment of John Knowles Paine as the first University Organist and Choirmaster in 1862, the Choir attained the status of a professional performance choir.
The annual Christmas Carol services, the longest continually running services of their kind in the country, were founded in 1910 by Archibald T. Davison, who soon invited the women of Radcliffe College to participate, a tradition maintained by Davison\'s successor, Professor G. Wallace Woodworth.
John R. Ferris, who served as Choirmaster from 1958 to 1990, won high praise for performances of a wide variety of sacred choral literature by incorporating women into the previously all-male University Choir.
Under the directorship of Dr. Murray Forbes Somerville between 1990 and 2003, the choir began touring and recording CDs on the Koch International, Northeastern, Naxos, Centaur, Gothic, and ASV labels and, with the Boston Camerata under Joel Cohen, for Erato Records of France.
After his leadership during the 2003--2004 academic year, during which he served as Acting University Organist and Choirmaster, Edward Elwyn Jones was appointed the seventh Gund University Organist and Choirmaster. The first year of his appointment saw a Spring concert entitled \"Choral Evolution\" which featured Leonard Bernstein's *Chichester Psalms*, Roxanna Panufnik's *Westminster Mass*, and Libby Larsen's *Missa Gaia*. The tradition of new commissions for the choir has continued under Jones; with the choir has featured a new commission each year at the Carol Services and most recently`{{As of?|date=October 2024}}`{=mediawiki} premiered three new works by Carson P. Cooman, Emma Lou Diemer, and Tarik O\'Regan, written to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the Memorial Church. Jones has also led the Choral Fellows on two spring tours to Montreal, Quebec and San Francisco, California, and took the Sunday Choir to Mexico City, Querétaro, and San Miguel de Allende, Mexico in the spring of 2007.
## About the Choir {#about_the_choir}
Approximately 40 singers form the Sunday Choir, a group that performs a wide range of choral literature for the Sunday services of Memorial Church in Harvard Yard. In recognition of their commitment, all members of this group are paid. Auditions for positions in the Sunday Choir are held early in the Fall Term. The choir attracts singers who like a challenge, singing a wide variety of music at a professional standard with a weekly performance deadline. This group performs in the annual Christmas Carol services and spring concert, and collaborates with other musical groups, both on and off campus. The Sunday Choir also undertakes both international and domestic tours.
The weekly schedule of the Sunday Choir involves rehearsals from 5 to 6:30 PM on Tuesday and Thursday afternoons in addition to a rehearsal and service on Sunday mornings. Weekday rehearsals are preceded by an hour-long tea.
In addition, the Sunday Choir goes on retreat to the St. Paul's School in New Hampshire on Columbus Day weekend each year where, among other things, they celebrate \"Carols in October\" and begin to learn the repertoire for the Christmas Carol services in December. The choir also presents a spring concert each year and often performs at the Harvard ARTS FIRST festival in early May.
Sixteen selected singers from this ensemble form the Choral Fellows.
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# Harvard University Choir
## The Choral Fellows {#the_choral_fellows}
The Ferris Choral Fellows (formerly known as the Choral Fellows and before that as the Morning Choir) are a group of sixteen dedicated singers drawn from the Sunday Choir who additionally perform in the daily Morning Prayers services in Appleton Chapel; this is one of Harvard's oldest traditions. This ensemble also represents the University Choir on tour and at special events. These singers are appointed for the full academic year after extensive auditions held the previous spring and receive free voice lessons as well as a significant stipend.
The Choral Fellows program employs a select group of singers who are dependable and committed members of the University Choir. The Choral Fellows as a group are responsible for between 6 and 8 services a week and their preparation and attendance are considered a given. Their presence is intended to help the choir develop the consistency and polish that comes from singing together often.
Conceived by Dr. Murray Forbes Somerville (Gund University Organist and Choirmaster, 1990--2003) the program is designed to provide a select group of students with a performing opportunity they would not find elsewhere as well as raise the standard of musical performance within the choir.
The Choral Fellows program was made possible by a gift to the Memorial Church at Harvard University, with the support of the Reverend Professor Peter J. Gomes (1942--2011), Plummer Professor of Christian Morals and Pusey Minister in The Memorial Church
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# Caspase 5
**Caspase 5** is an enzyme that proteolytically cleaves other proteins at an aspartic acid residue, and belongs to a family of cysteine proteases called caspases. It is an inflammatory caspase, along with caspase 1, caspase 4 and the murine caspase 4 homolog caspase 11, and has a role in the immune system
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# Ruthenocene
**Ruthenocene** is an organoruthenium compound with the formula (C~5~H~5~)~2~Ru. This pale yellow, volatile solid is classified as a sandwich compound and more specifically, as a metallocene.
## Structure and bonding {#structure_and_bonding}
Ruthenocene consists of a ruthenium ion sandwiched in between two cyclopentadienyl rings. It features ruthenium centre bound symmetrically to the planes of two cyclopentadienyl rings. It is closely related to the isoelectronic ferrocene.
In contrast to ferrocene, wherein the cyclopentadienyl rings are in a staggered conformation, those of ruthenocene crystallise with an eclipsed conformation. This difference is due to the larger ionic radius of ruthenium, which increases the distance between the cyclopentadienyl rings, decreasing steric interactions and allowing an eclipsed conformation to prevail. In solution, these rings rotate with a very low barrier.
## Preparation
Ruthenocene was first synthesized in 1952 by Geoffrey Wilkinson, a Nobel laureate who had collaborated in assigning the structure of ferrocene only a year earlier. Originally, ruthenocene was prepared by the reaction of ruthenium trisacetylacetonate with excess of cyclopentadienylmagnesium bromide.
: Ru(acac)~3~ + C~5~H~5~MgBr → Ru(C~5~H~5~)~2~ + 3 \"acacMgBr\" + \"C~5~H~5~\"
Ruthenocene may also be prepared by the reaction of sodium cyclopentadienide with \"ruthenium dichloride\" prepared in situ by reduction of ruthenium trichloride.
## Chemical properties {#chemical_properties}
Ruthenocene typically oxidises via two electron change, instead of one. With weakly coordinating anions as electrolyte, the oxidation proceeds via a 1e step.
Ruthenocene has been investigated as a photoinitiator for polymerization reactions
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# Trencher (comics)
***Trencher*** is an American comic book series, that was created, written and drawn by Keith Giffen and released by Image Comics in 1993. It totaled only four issues before it ended, with a 5th issue indicated in the end caption, and an ad for a 5th issue in *Images of ShadowHawk* #2. However there never was a 5th issue and the next Trencher appearances was in *Images of Shadowhawk* #1--3 in 1993 also from Image Comics, *Trencher X-Mas Bites Holiday Blow-Out* in December 1993, and in *Blackball Comics* #1 in March 1994, both from short-lived UK publisher Blackball Comics. Giffen illustrated this in a sort of twisted ligne Claire style with some hyper-detailed elements of Geoff Darrow. All stories are ultraviolent and a parody of the then prevalent \"Image Comics style\".
## Plot
The story follows a zombie-like anti-hero named Gideon Trencher, as he endeavors to complete his mission of exterminating souls which had been \"wrongfully reincarnated\". Due to the large superhuman population this often brought him in conflict with super-powered beings both important (Supreme and ShadowHawk) to the minor (*The Nasal Python*, who has the ability to use his nose hairs as fully functioning appendages, and *The Hurler*, who can utilize pinpoint projectile vomit as a weapon.)
It\'s Gideon\'s job to hunt down these beings, with the assistance of a voice in his head named Phoebe, who is his dispatcher, giving him information on his targets, his surroundings, and who also serves as character foil for the otherwise isolated character. He moves from one name on the list to the next, usually receiving heavy damage to his body, frequently resulting in what should be fatal injuries (such as having his head blown from his body).
An unknown organization has designed many of these \"trencher\" units, who seemingly are resurrected and re-outfitted corpses (similar to deadmen in Gungrave) who are sent on separate missions.
Gideon is frequently involved in situations that largely make little sense within their own context, but continue author Keith Giffen\'s well known satire. From hunting down four separate Elvis possessed bodies who are each a variation on the beings who replaced Superman after his death in the DC universe, to engaging in a major smack down with superhero Supreme, Gideon endures constant abuse throughout the series until it abruptly ends at issue four, although his story picks up immediately in *Images of ShadowHawk* 1--3.
In *Images of ShadowHawk*, Trencher fights Shadowhawk without the obligatory later team-up. They both want to get to a former mob boss Carmine \"The Blowhole\" Oliveri but for different reasons. As Shadowhawk eventually overcomes Trencher by cutting his intestines, Trencher in fact hanging from a building and falling to the street, ShadowHawk reaches Oliveri who is actually possessed by Twilight Runner and blows out Oliveri\'s brain.
Trencher and ShadowHawk, however, cross paths not long after these events, with the \"Shadowhawk: The monster within\" storyline. With Trencher fully regenerated after his last encounter with ShadowHawk, his dispatcher Phoebe watches Shadowhawk struggle with his ever dwindling chances of finding a cure for his AIDS infection and leaves Trencher to assist ShadowHawk for a time; transporting him throughout alternia in an attempt to find a cure. Trencher, now alone in New York, goes on repossessing souls on his own, though he bitterly complains to Phoebe upon return that he requires the dispatch info to do his job properly. The series ends with Trencher killing a sub-demon who was attacking both ShadowHawk and Spawn, and then telling Shadowhawk that there was never a cure and that he just needs to accept his inevitable death, after handing him (Shadowhawk) a loaded gun, Trencher walks away.
In *Trencher X-Mas Bites Holiday Blow-Out*, Trencher fights a mad scientist Dr. Tushman, who after removing a missile from the sphincter of one Blazin\' Glory (a Captain America parody) is caught in a massive radioactive fart and transformed into a shadow being. He hunts down people, collecting their farts and killing them until he comes across Trencher.
In *Blackball Comics* #1 Trencher is pitted against Blitz the Manic Mandrill created by Simon Bisley. It\'s a silent issue with no captions and no written dialogue only with drawn balloons and sound effects. The issue is a reference to the \"Death of Superman\" storyline, with several of the panels in the fight being direct send-ups of the Doomsday fight, along with a note from \"the editors\" pointing out how apologetic they are for letting an otherwise intelligent character get pulled into such a mindless slugfest. The book ends with the two characters blowing up themselves and everything else, still fighting, though being reduced to disembodied heads, they keep spitting at each other, as they can\'t (or won\'t) stop trying to one-up the other.
Trencher later reappears as a cameo in Dave Elliot\'s *Sharky* (Issue 4). Where he and a number of other superheroes (Savage Dragon, Flaming Carrot, Mr. Monster etc.) are summoned from the demigod Sharky\'s mind (As these characters are all of his favorite comic book characters) to assist him in battling his enemies. Trencher fights alongside the other heroes until Sharky no longer needs their assistance, leading him and the other heroes fade away.
The \"Not quite a crossover\" short story, previewing the unfinished *Blackball Comics* #3, involves Mr. Monster detonating a nuclear devise and nearly burying Trencher, Mr. Monster assumes that nothing could have survived the blast (though he had no idea that Trencher was near the explosion), and leaves as Trencher is seen covered in debris with a rather disgruntled expression.
Trencher\'s final appearance was in the unfinished *Blackball Comics* #3, which would later be published years after its cancellation in the trade paperback \"Mr. Monster\'s books of forbidden knowledge volume 0\" under the reworked title \"Never Touch A Satan Glass!\" (Along with \"Not quite a crossover\") The story was meant to feature an epic slugfest between Giffen\'s Trencher and Gilbert\'s Mr. Monster, both of which were being illustrated by their respective creators in a collaborative effort, but Blackball Comics went bankrupt after *Blackball Comics* #1 and the initially thirty-page fight was left at an unfinished 6 pages. Gilbert would later release the unfinished story with an additional seventh page to conclude it. The story then picks up with Trencher going to Mr. Monster\'s mountain to repossess the soul of his secretary, but find\'s out that he has the wrong address and has attacked the wrong mountain, he trips over a child while attempting to leave and drags Mr. Monster\'s secretary with him through the Satan Glass which happens to be a direct doorway to hell. The glass shatters and Mr. Monster laments how he\'ll miss his beloved secretary because his taxes are due and she\'s not here to do them, only to find out that Trencher had grabbed a mannequin instead of the secretary. Trencher, now in hell, talks appreciatively to the mannequin, whom he still believes to be the secretary, complementing her on her quiet mannerisms, and asking it if she knows how to file tax returns.
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# Trencher (comics)
## Personality and abilities {#personality_and_abilities}
Trencher has a very dry and gruff tone, with an almost \"been there, done that\" mentality. As Giffen put it \"he\'d have already killed himself if he weren\'t already dead\" Trencher has been described by Keith Giffen as being a more blue collar working man type character, as opposed to his other character Lobo, which Trencher has at times been labeled a knock off. His job as a repo-man, collecting souls, also conveys the general unpleasantness of his position, implying that he has good reason to hate his messy, un-respected and thankless job. Trencher almost never displays overt rage, in many ways his anger is illustrated by the more imposing he becomes as a character the more annoyed he gets at not accomplishing his task. The Images of Shadowhawk issues illustrate this well, where Trencher\'s frustration over Shadowhawk\'s constant intervention with every attempt he makes to eliminate his target, leading to him devastating an entire hospital in an attempt to remove Shadowhawk from the equation. He also never quite ever opens his mouth when he speaks, preferring to talk through gritted teeth, often out of the side of his mouth, he is rarely seen without a cigarette.
Trencher also has a regenerative healing factor and super strength, however, it seems that both of these are slightly controlled by Phoebe, who also can initiate programs within Trencher\'s body, at one point injecting an adrenal burst into his system so that he could stand toe to toe against Supreme and have an even chance in the fight. The adrenal burst, however, cannot be sustained long, as it will burn Trencher\'s body up from the inside out, but its initiation allows him to fight even top tier, near godlike, characters for a short time.
Trencher also possesses a large arsenal of heavy weapons, and is quite proficient in marksmanship. Though he tends to get very close to his targets and use rapid fire weapons to blow them to pulp in order to make sure they\'re dead, as he is much more dangerous up close due to his physical strength and high caliber weaponry make it near impossible to escape him close range.
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# Trencher (comics)
## Status
Giffen stated in a 2008 interview that, \"There is not a chance Trencher will ever appear in another comic book\...I\'ve moved on. The character doesn\'t interest me anymore. Never say never, but\...never.\"
## Collected editions {#collected_editions}
Boom! Studios released a Trencher trade paperback reprinting the four issues.
There is no collections of the Images of *ShadowHawk* 1--3, *Blackball Comics* issue 1, and *Trencher X-Mas Bites Holiday Blowout* issues, but all can be found very cheap in back issue bins.
*Mr. Monster\'s Books Of Forbidden Knowledge* Volume 0 (Trade Paperback), contains The \"Not quite a crossover\" and the unfinished *Blackball Comics* Issue 3 retitled \"Never Touch A Satan Glass\"
Dave Elliot\'s Sharky (Hardcover) Issue 4
*ShadowHawk: Chronicles* (Trade Paperback) collects most of Shadowhawk: The monster within, but is missing *Badrock and Company* #6 and *ShadowHawk* #0, which completes the \"monster within\" story arc
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# W. S. Penley
**William Sydney Penley** (19 November 1851 -- 11 November 1912) was an English actor, singer and comedian who had an early success in the small role of the Foreman in Gilbert and Sullivan\'s *Trial by Jury*. He later achieved wider fame as producer and star of the prodigiously successful Brandon Thomas farce, *Charley\'s Aunt* and as the Rev Robert Spalding in several productions of Charles Hawtrey\'s farce *The Private Secretary*.
Penley began his stage career in 1871 in farce and was soon performing in musical theatre. From 1875, he appeared in several runs of *Trial by Jury*, making an impression when he became a replacement in the role of the Foreman of the Jury. Over the next decade, he steadily gained prominence in character roles in operettas and Victorian burlesque, playing in several of these at the Royal Strand Theatre and other London theatres. In 1879 he toured as the leading comic role of Sir Joseph Porter in *H.M.S. Pinafore* and in 1880 he visited the US in a tour.
In 1883 he made a great success as Brother Pelican in *Falka*, and the following year came what *The Times* called \"his first triumph\", as Spalding in *The Private Secretary*, a role that he repeated several times. In 1892, Penley created the title role in *Charley\'s Aunt*, which played for a record-setting 1,466 performances in London, and in revivals of the play. He retired from the stage in 1901 and managed the Great Queen Street Theatre until 1907. He was also one of the proprietors of *The Church Family Newspaper*.
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# W. S. Penley
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
### Early life {#early_life}
Penley was born at St Peters, Broadstairs, Kent, the only son of William George Robinson Penley (1823--1903), a schoolmaster, and his first wife, Emily Ann, *née* Wooton, the widow of Walter Pilcher. Although Penley\'s relatives included the painter Aaron Edwin Penley, his family was more generally associated with the theatre. His great-grandfather, William (1773--1838), a comedian at Drury Lane, was the first in a theatrical line that included Sampson (1792--1838) actor-manager at the Theatre Royal, Windsor, and Thomas Turpin Belville (1805--93), a theatre manager in Bath. Penley was educated at his father\'s schools -- first at Grove House, St Peters, and then in London, where his father moved to a school in Westminster. He was a chorister at the Chapel Royal and at Westminster Abbey. After an apprenticeship with a City firm of milliners he joined the staff of Copestake, Moore, Crampton & Co, wholesale drapers and mercers. His obituarist in *The Times* speculated that Penley\'s career in retail may have been cut short by an irrepressible sense of humour ill-suited to a serious commercial concern.
### Early career {#early_career}
At the age of twenty Penley made his stage debut in 1871 at the Court Theatre, London as Tim, the porter, in a revival of John Maddison Morton\'s farce, *My Wife\'s Second Floor*. The following year he played in T. F. Plowman\'s burlesque *Zampa* at the Court and performed at the Holborn Theatre in Hervé\'s operetta *Doctor Faust*. Among the cast of *Zampa* was Selina Dolaro, whose company Penley joined under the management of Richard D\'Oyly Carte at the Royalty Theatre in London and on tour, in 1875. He played one of the two notaries in Offenbach\'s *La Périchole*, and was in the chorus of its companion piece, Gilbert and Sullivan\'s *Trial by Jury*. In November of that year he was promoted to the role of the Foreman of the Jury in the latter work when it returned to the Royalty. He continued in the part when the opera played on another tour and in London, at the Opera Comique and the Royal Strand Theatre in 1876--77. Penley was considered to be an important addition in the small role, with his malleable comic features.
Penley gained increasing prominence during 1876 in supporting roles in Offenbach\'s *Geneviève de Brabant*, and *Madame l\'archiduc*, and W. S. Gilbert and Frederic Clay\'s comic opera *Princess Toto*. The last of these was staged at the Strand, where Penley remained for three years under the management of Ada Swanborough, appearing mostly in burlesque. On 22 March 1879 he married Mary Ann Rickets, the daughter of a cattle salesman; they had three sons and three daughters.
In 1879, at the Royalty, Penley played Grinder in a revival of B. C. Stephenson and Arthur Sullivan\'s *The Zoo* in a bill in which he also played the wicked Jellicoe in *Crutch and Toothpick* by George R Sims. He then rejoined D\'Oyly Carte, playing Sir Joseph Porter in *H.M.S. Pinafore* on tour in 1879. The theatrical newspaper *The Era* said of him, \"Mr. W. S. Penley seems to be designed both by nature and art for the onerous part of the \'First Lord\', the mock dignity of whose \'official\' utterances Mr. Penley brings out splendidly.\" In March 1880 he appeared at the Gaiety Theatre, London as Matthew Popperton in the extravaganza *La voyage en Suisse*, with the Hanlon-Lees comic acrobatic troupe. When the troupe went to the US, Penley accompanied them.
He reappeared in London at the old Globe Theatre in July 1882 as Bedford Rowe in *The Vicar of Bray* and at the Comedy Theatre in October 1882 as Derrick Van Slous in *Rip Van Winkle*. Continuing to rise to more important parts, Penley made a great success as Brother Pelican in *Falka* (1883), and in 1884 came what *The Times* called \"his first triumph\", as the Rev Robert Spalding in *The Private Secretary* at the Globe Theatre. He succeeded Herbert Beerbohm Tree in the role, and was famous for his portrayal of it for many years.
Penley re-joined the D\'Oyly Carte Opera Company in 1891, playing Punka, the Rajah of Chutneypore, in *The Nautch Girl* at the Savoy Theatre, while Rutland Barrington stepped out of the role to tour with Jessie Bond. Barrington returned to the company later that year, and Penley resumed his career in non-musical theatre.
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# W. S. Penley
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
### *Charley\'s Aunt* and later years {#charleys_aunt_and_later_years}
On 29 February 1892 Penley produced the farce *Charley\'s Aunt* at the Theatre Royal, Bury St. Edmunds, appearing in the role of Lord Fancourt Babberley (who reluctantly impersonates a rich widow from Brazil). Brandon Thomas wrote the play as a vehicle for Penley; later the two disagreed (and went to court) about how much, if any, of the plot was Penley\'s invention rather than Thomas\'s. Penley told a journalist in 1894, \"The play was my idea and Brandon Thomas wrote it. Later on, we went down into the country and worked at it. Then we worked it out on the stage.\" The provincial production was a success, and Penley then produced the play in London at the Royalty in December 1892, after which it transferred to the larger Globe in 1893. *Charley\'s Aunt* became an unprecedented hit, running for 1,466 performances in London, a record that lasted for decades. The original run finally ended in December 1896, but the play was revived several times. *The Times* commented that it was probable that although the \"long runs filled his pockets, \[they\] broke his strength\".
Penley\'s last new role was as the eccentric Lord Markham, in the comedy *A Little Ray of Sunshine*, by Mark Ambient and Wilton Heriot, in which he toured from May 1898 and opened at the Royalty in January 1899.
In 1900 Penley had the Novelty Theatre, London rebuilt, renaming it the Great Queen Street Theatre. He starred in revivals of *The Private Secretary* and *Charley\'s Aunt* later that year, and retired from acting in 1901. He continued to manage the Great Queen Street Theatre until 1907. Penley was a Freemason, becoming an early member of Green Room Lodge (an actors\' lodge affiliated with the Green Room Club), and also the Savage Club Lodge, a lodge closely associated with the Savage Club. He was a staunch member of the Church of England, and was one of the proprietors of *The Church Family Newspaper*.
Penley retired, first to Woking, and then to Farnham and finally St Leonards-on-Sea, where he lived what his biographer John Parker calls \"a quiet country life\". After a two-month illness, Penley died at the age of 60 at his home in St Leonards. He is buried at Hastings Borough Cemetery
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# Haylee Partridge
**Haylee Joanne Partridge** (born 3 April 1981 in Lower Hutt) is a New Zealand cricketer who played 21 State League matches for the Northern Districts Spirit between 1999 and 2002
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# Kravchuk polynomials
**Kravchuk polynomials** or **Krawtchouk polynomials** (also written using several other transliterations of the Ukrainian surname *Кравчу́к*) are discrete orthogonal polynomials associated with the binomial distribution, introduced by `{{harvs|txt|authorlink=Mikhail Kravchuk|first=Mykhailo|last=Kravchuk|year=1929}}`{=mediawiki}. The first few polynomials are (for *q* = 2):
: $\mathcal{K}_0(x; n) = 1,$
: $\mathcal{K}_1(x; n) = -2x + n,$
: $\mathcal{K}_2(x; n) = 2x^2 - 2nx + \binom{n}{2},$
: $\mathcal{K}_3(x; n) = -\frac{4}{3}x^3 + 2nx^2 - (n^2 - n + \frac{2}{3})x + \binom{n}{3}.$
The Kravchuk polynomials are a special case of the Meixner polynomials of the first kind.
## Definition
For any prime power *q* and positive integer *n*, define the Kravchuk polynomial $\begin{aligned}
\mathcal{K}_k(x; n,q) = \mathcal{K}_k(x) ={}&
\sum_{j=0}^{k}(-1)^j (q-1)^{k-j} \binom {x}{j} \binom{n-x}{k-j}
\\ ={}&
\sum_{j=0}^k (-1)^j (q-1)^{k-j} \frac{ x^{\underline{j}} }{ j! } \frac{ (n-x)^{\underline{k-j}} }{ (k-j)! }
\end{aligned}$ for $k=0,1, \ldots, n$. In the second line, the factors depending on $x$ have been rewritten in terms of falling factorials, to aid readers uncomfortable with non-integer arguments of binomial coefficients.
## Properties
The Kravchuk polynomial has the following alternative expressions:
$$\mathcal{K}_k(x; n,q) = \sum_{j=0}^{k}(-q)^j (q-1)^{k-j} \binom {n-j}{k-j} \binom{x}{j}.$$
$$\mathcal{K}_k(x; n,q) = \sum_{j=0}^{k}(-1)^j q^{k-j} \binom {n-k+j}{j} \binom{n-x}{k-j}.$$
Note that there is more that merely recombination of material from the two binomial coefficients separating these from the above definition. In these formulae, only one term of the sum has degree $k$, whereas in the definition all terms have degree $k$.
### Symmetry relations {#symmetry_relations}
For integers $i,k \ge 0$, we have that
$$\begin{align}
(q-1)^{i} {n \choose i} \mathcal{K}_k(i;n,q) = (q-1)^{k}{n \choose k} \mathcal{K}_i(k;n,q).
\end{align}$$
### Orthogonality relations {#orthogonality_relations}
For non-negative integers *r*, *s*,
$$\sum_{i=0}^n\binom{n}{i}(q-1)^i\mathcal{K}_r(i; n,q)\mathcal{K}_s(i; n,q) = q^n(q-1)^r\binom{n}{r}\delta_{r,s}.$$
### Generating function {#generating_function}
The generating series of Kravchuk polynomials is given as below. Here $z$ is a formal variable.
$$\begin{align}
(1+(q-1)z)^{n-x}(1-z)^x &= \sum_{k=0}^\infty \mathcal{K}_k(x;n,q) {z^k}.
\end{align}$$
### Three term recurrence {#three_term_recurrence}
The Kravchuk polynomials satisfy the three-term recurrence relation
$$\begin{align}
x \mathcal{K}_k(x;n,q) = - q(n-k) \mathcal{K}_{k+1}(x;n,q) + (q(n-k) + k(1-q)) \mathcal{K}_{k}(x;n,q) - k(1-q)\mathcal{K}_{k-1}(x;n,q)
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# Austin Parsons
**Austin Edward Werring Parsons** (born 9 January 1949) is a Scottish-born former cricketer who played for Auckland and Sussex
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# Memorial Church of Harvard University
The **Memorial Church of Harvard University** is a building on the campus of Harvard University. It is an interdenominational Protestant church.
## History
### 18th century {#th_century}
The first distinct building for worship at Harvard University was Holden Chapel, built in 1744. The college soon outgrew the building, which was replaced by a chapel inside Harvard Hall in 1766, then a chapel in University Hall in 1814, and finally by Appleton Chapel, a building dedicated solely to worship sited where Memorial Church now stands.
Standing for 73 years before the current building, Appleton Chapel was home to religious life at Harvard until 1932. Its namesake is preserved inside Memorial Church, as the Appleton Chapel portion of the main building houses the daily service of Morning Prayer. When Appleton Chapel was built in 1858 thanks to the generosity of Samuel Appleton, Morning Prayer attendance was compulsory. When attendance became voluntary in 1886, the college was left with a building that had become too large for the morning prayer services and too small for the Sunday services.
### 20th century {#th_century_1}
Following World War I, Harvard University President Abbott Lawrence Lowell (1909--1933) combined the idea of a war memorial with the need for a new chapel. Appleton Chapel was torn down after the 1931 Commencement. The University Architects Coolidge, Shepley, Bulfinch & Abbott, were enlisted to design the new building, and they planned a structure that would complement the imposing edifice of Widener Library. This created an open area known as the Tercentenary Theatre, where Commencement Exercises are held.
The current Memorial Church was built in 1932 in honor of the men and women of Harvard University who died in World War I. The names of 373 alumni were engraved within alongside a sculpture named *The Sacrifice* by Malvina Hoffman. It was dedicated on Armistice Day on November 11, 1932. The knight\'s face in *The Sacrifice* was modelled on the British World War I flying ace, Ian Henderson.
Since then, other memorials have been established within the building commemorating those Harvardians who later died in World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. For seventy-five years, it has stood in Harvard Yard opposite Widener Library as a physical reminder of Harvard\'s spiritual heritage. Since its inception, the Harvard Memorial Church has had weekly choral music provided at its Sunday services by the Harvard University Choir, which is composed of both graduate and undergraduate students in the university.
## Gallery
<File:Memorial> Church, Harvard Univ, Cambridge, Massachusetts.jpg <File:MemorialChurch2.jpg%7CBustling> Harvard Yard <File:MemorialChurchWinter.jpg%7CWinter> time <File:MemorialRoom.jpg%7CWorld> War I Memorial <File:MemorialChurchWWII.jpg%7CWorld> War II Memorial <File:USA-Harvard> Memorial Church Interior.jpg <File:USA-Harvard> Memorial Church0.jpg <File:USA-Harvard> Memorial Church1.jpg <File:The> Harvard Memorial Church Nave.png <File:The> Harvard Memorial Church Sculpture
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# United States Football League on television
On May 24, 1982, the United States Football League (USFL) reached an agreement with ABC and ESPN on television rights. The money for inaugural 1983 season would be a total of \$13 million: \$9 million from ABC and \$4 million from ESPN (roughly \$1.1 million per team).
## Coverage overview {#coverage_overview}
ABC televised a Sunday afternoon game-of-the-week, one prime time evening game, plus coverage of the USFL divisional playoffs and championship game. The contract required the USFL to schedule a minimum of three games on Sunday, with ABC guaranteed to broadcast one game nationally (the aforementioned, Sunday afternoon game-of-the-week) or two or more regionally. The contract included no clauses regarding \"blackouts\" or \"cross-feeding\". In all, the total package with ABC called for 21 telecasts of USFL action. Meanwhile, ESPN generally televised two prime time games (on Saturdays and Mondays respectively) each week of the USFL season.
### The first USFL games on ABC and ESPN {#the_first_usfl_games_on_abc_and_espn}
On Sunday, March 6, 1983 ABC televised three games. The Los Angeles Express and New Jersey Generals played in the primary regional televised USFL game, with the Express winning, 20--15. ABC also televised the Chicago Blitz at Washington Federals and the Philadelphia Stars at Denver Gold.
On Monday, March 7, 1983 the Michigan Panthers opened their 1983 schedule with a 9--7 win at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama against the Stallons. The game marked the first professional football game ever to be broadcast on ESPN. Novo Bojovic of Serbia hit the winning field goal from 48 yards out in the waning moments to preserve the Panthers\' road win.
### Sponsors
ABC claimed to have made a profit from its coverage of USFL during the 1983 season. Regular season 30-second spots were priced at \$30,000; playoff spots at \$35,000. Thirty-second spots for the championship game between the Michigan Panthers and the Philadelphia Stars played on July 17 sold for \$60,000. Major sponsors throughout the season included Gallo, Anheuser Busch, Buick, Chevrolet, Dodge, Honda and Miller.
Major USFL sponsors for ESPN in 1984 included Ford, Anheuser Busch, American Motors, DuPont, GMC, Mattel, Michelin, Nissan, Noxema, Timex and A.C. Delco.
### Ratings
According to an ABC spokesman, the network averaged a 6.0 rating for their first USFL season. This was slightly better than the network\'s coverage of the first American Football League football season back in 1960. In its second year, AFL games on ABC averaged a 6.1 rating, and in 1962, the third year, a 6.5. The coverage was nonetheless quite low for a Big Three television network, with a June 17 prime-time regular season game between Chicago and Birmingham finishing as the lowest-rated prime time broadcast of the week, with a 4.8 rating.
Overall, ESPN averaged a 3.3 rating for its USFL coverage, a 3.0 for Saturday games and a 3.5 for the Monday night coverage. \"We are pretty pleased with the results\", said an ESPN spokesman, who noted that the network\'s overall USFL rating average was almost 50% higher than its prime time average for their entire fourth quarter of 1982.
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# United States Football League on television
## Coverage overview {#coverage_overview}
### The end of the USFL itself {#the_end_of_the_usfl_itself}
ABC offered the USFL a 4-year, \$175 million TV deal to play in the spring in 1986. ESPN offered \$70M over 3 years, regardless of the time of year. By this point, the league had driven out most of the owners who would have been willing to accept those terms. The owners in the league walked away from what averaged out to \$67 million per year starting in 1986 to pursue their big picture---merger with the NFL.
In 1984, the league began discussing the possibility of competing head-to-head with the NFL by playing its games in the fall beginning in 1986. The idea was to force a merger in which the NFL would be forced to admit some USFL teams. Despite the protests of many of the league\'s \"old guard,\" who wanted to stay with the original plan of playing football in the spring months, the voices of incoming Chicago owner Eddie Einhorn (who would never field his team in the league and did not even plan on doing so in 1986) and Generals owner Donald Trump and others would eventually prevail. Trump sold a majority of the other owners on the gamble that if a merger did occur, their teams would instantly be worth the \$70 million or so NFL franchises were worth at that time \-\-- tripling, quadrupling, or more their cash investment.
On August 22, 1984, the league\'s owners voted to go along with Einhorn and Trump\'s idea and begin playing a fall season in 1986. The fourteen remaining owners reiterated this intention in a second vote on April 30, 1985. The spring advocates had lost and the fall advocates would accept nothing less than victory vs. the NFL, either by forcing a merger or winning a sizeable settlement and securing a TV network for fall broadcasts. Spring football had been replaced with an incredibly risky gamble for a huge return. The spring football advocates promptly threatened to leave the league (among them the Pittsburgh Maulers, who immediately folded, the Tampa Bay Bandits, who intended to continue in the spring without the USFL, and the Denver Gold, who were considering joining the Bandits but had not yet made a firm commitment). The illness and death of the Bandits\' owner derailed the efforts to maintain a presence of professional football in the spring. Others that were sharing markets with the NFL (such as the New Orleans Breakers and Philadelphia Stars) were forced to relocate, which combined with the smaller markets that had received USFL teams in 1984 but had no other major league franchises at the time (Jacksonville, Birmingham, Memphis and Oklahoma) undermined the league\'s contention that it was a major league and discouraged the major networks from carrying their games.
The other major factor in the networks\' lack of interest in the USFL was the College Football Association. The CFA had successfully sued the NCAA in the lawsuit *NCAA v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma*, gaining control of its member colleges\' television rights. Whereas the NCAA handed its exclusive rights to one network (CBS in 1983), the CFA offered packages to both CBS and ABC, and ABC also acquired rights to the Pacific-10 and Big Ten Conferences. With ABC now once again having college football to air on Saturdays, and the network reluctant to give up weeknight prime time, they no longer needed the USFL.
In another effort to keep themselves afloat while at the same time attacking the more established National Football League, the USFL filed an antitrust lawsuit against the older league, claiming it had established a monopoly with respect to television broadcasting rights, and in some cases, to access of stadium venues.
The USFL claimed that the NFL had bullied ABC, CBS and NBC into not televising USFL games in the fall. It also claimed that the NFL had a specific plan to eliminate the USFL, the \"Porter Presentation.\" In particular, the USFL claimed the NFL conspired to ruin the Invaders and Generals. The USFL sought damages of \$567 million, which would have been tripled to \$1.7 billion under antitrust law. It hoped to void the NFL\'s contracts with the three major networks. The USFL proposed two remedies: either force the NFL to negotiate new television contracts with only two networks, or force the NFL to split into two competing 14-team leagues, each limited to a contract with one major network.
Lack of an over-the-air broadcast partner aside, ESPN still offered to carry 22 USFL games on its channel for the fall 1986 season: a game of the week on Sunday nights, three playoff games and the championship. ESPN\'s contract had an escape clause that would have allowed the network to cancel its contract with the league if membership dropped below 12 active teams (only eight teams were scheduled to play that year), but ESPN chose not to exercise the clause in 1986. In 1987, ESPN gave this time slot to the NFL, establishing that league\'s first cable presence and there introduced ESPN Sunday Night Football and the second primetime game of the week for the league each week.
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# United States Football League on television
## Franchises most affected by the television coverage {#franchises_most_affected_by_the_television_coverage}
ABC\'s contract with the league required that, at the very least, there had to be franchises in the Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York markets. Not coincidentally, these markets were home to ABC\'s best-performing owned-and-operated stations\--WLS-TV in Chicago, WABC-TV in New York and KABC-TV in Los Angeles.
### Chicago Blitz {#chicago_blitz}
Before the end of the 1984 season, it was announced that the Blitz would be shut down. Chicago White Sox part-owner Eddie Einhorn was awarded a new Chicago franchise. While it was stressed that this new franchise was not the Blitz, Einhorn retained all player contracts. A strong proponent of the USFL\'s planned move to the fall in 1986, he opted not to field a team in 1985. ABC had no objections to this move, probably due to the USFL\'s anemic ratings in Chicago.
### Denver Gold {#denver_gold}
Just after Mouse Davis took over as head coach, the USFL announced that it would switch to a fall schedule for the 1986 season. Local support for the Gold practically vanished. While the Gold had been one of the USFL\'s attendance leaders, fans in the Denver area were not about to abandon the Broncos (especially with quarterback John Elway in the midst of his Hall of Fame career) in favor of the Gold. Despite finally getting into the playoffs with an 11--7 record, the Gold\'s attendance crashed to 14,400 fans per game. As a result, despite finishing second in the Western Conference, they were forced to play on the road against the lower-seeded Memphis Showboats under pressure from ABC. The network, who had considerable influence over the USFL due to the structuring of the league\'s television contract, did not want the embarrassment of having a game played in a near-empty Mile High Stadium.
### Los Angeles Express {#los_angeles_express}
The Express never drew well at the cavernous Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, even in their breakthrough 1984 season. The low attendance figures began to prove very embarrassing and frustrating both to the league and ABC, which had hoped for a more credible product to emanate from the nation\'s second-largest media market. The team had to play its last home game at John Shepard Stadium on the campus of Pierce College, a small junior college in the San Fernando Valley.
The Arizona Wranglers, despite having the worse record of the two participating teams, got to host the 1984 Western Conference championship game because the Coliseum was being prepared for the 1984 Summer Olympics. To accommodate Arizona\'s oppressive summer heat, as well as the ABC Sports television schedule, the game kicked off at 8:30 p.m. local time, 11:30 p.m. Eastern time.
The league took over the team for the 1985 season, which was an unmitigated disaster. The team had to continue operating due to the contract\'s stipulation that there had to be a team in Los Angeles. In one of ABC\'s biggest blunders, the network declined to air a matchup between the Express and the Houston Gamblers, a game that featured two future Hall of Fame quarterbacks against each other with Gamblers\' Jim Kelly rallying to win 34--33 against Steve Young\'s Express. ABC instead aired Doug Flutie\'s debut for the New Jersey Generals, resulting in the Gamblers-Express game being nicknamed \"The Greatest Game No One Saw.\" Young and Kelly would eventually face each other in 1992 in the No Punt Game---which, coincidentally, would follow a similar pattern with Kelly\'s Buffalo Bills rallying to beat Young\'s San Francisco 49ers 34--31 but, because the 49ers and Bills were both Super Bowl contenders, received extensive national television carriage.
Unable to find a new owner, the USFL announced that the Express would suspend operations for the first fall season in 1986, a factor in the league not securing a broadcast contract for that season.
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# United States Football League on television
## Announcers
### ABC
1. Keith Jackson/Lynn Swann
2. Jim Lampley/Lee Corso (Lee Corso was also an analyst for ESPN\'s USFL coverage)
3. Tim Brant/Lee Grosscup
4. Bill Flemming/Ron Mix
5. Corey McPherrin/Kevin Kiley
ABC used Frank Gifford as the studio anchor and Mike Adamle as a sideline reporter. Another play-by-play man that ABC used was Curt Gowdy.
### Championship game announcers {#championship_game_announcers}
Game Date Network Play-by-play announcers Color commentators Sideline reporters Trophy presentation
------ --------------- --------- ------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------
1st July 17, 1983 ABC Keith Jackson Lynn Swann Tim Brant Tim Brant
2nd July 15, 1984 ABC Keith Jackson Lynn Swann Tim Brant and Mike Adamle Mike Adamle
3rd July 14, 1985 ABC Keith Jackson Lynn Swann Tim Brant Tim Brant
### ESPN
1. Jim Simpson/Paul Maguire (Mondays)
2. Tom Kelly/Don Heinrich (Saturdays)
ESPN used Tom Mees as a studio anchor
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# Dippin'
***Dippin***\' is an album by jazz saxophonist Hank Mobley released on the Blue Note label in 1966. It is the second of nine Blue Note sessions to feature Mobley alongside Lee Morgan during the trumpeter\'s second stint with the label. It is also the second of nine consecutive Hank Mobley recording sessions to feature Billy Higgins.
## Reception
The AllMusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 4.5 stars, calling it \"one of Hank Mobley\'s finer moments\" and \"a fine document of Mobley\'s abilities as a bandleader and composer\".
## Track listing {#track_listing}
All compositions by Hank Mobley except as noted
1. \"The Dip\"`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}7:57
2. \"Recado Bossa Nova\" (Luiz Antonio, Djalma Ferreira)`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}8:13
3. \"The Break Through\"`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}5:51
4. \"The Vamp\"`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}8:21
5. \"I See Your Face Before Me\" (Arthur Schwartz, Howard Dietz)`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}5:29
6. \"Ballin{{\' \"}}`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}6:49
## Personnel
- Hank Mobley`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}tenor saxophone
- Lee Morgan`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}trumpet
- Harold Mabern, Jr
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# Mithavirana
**Mithavirana** is a small village located in Vav taluka in Vav Tharad district in the Indian state of Gujarat. Mithavirana is old village in Vav
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# Rawlings government
This is a listing of the ministers who served in Jerry Rawlings\'s National Democratic Congress government during the Fourth Republic of Ghana. This started on January 7, 1993, after 11 years of military rule by Rawlings. He retired from the Ghana Armed Forces and served a further two democratically elected terms ending January 7, 2001.
*For Rawlings\' first military government, see: Armed Forces Revolutionary Council.*\
*For Rawlings\' second military government, see: Provisional National Defence Council
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# Fred Schwarz
**Frederick Charles Schwarz** (15 January 1913 -- 24 January 2009) was an Australian physician, author, and political activist who founded the Christian Anti-Communism Crusade (CACC). He made a number of speaking tours in the United States in the 1950s, and in 1960 moved his base of operations to California. He authored several books, including *You Can Trust The Communists (To Be Communists)*. Schwarz worked with his wife, Lillian Schwarz, from abroad and, in his later years, at their Australian home in Camden, New South Wales, near Sydney.
## Early life {#early_life}
Schwarz was born in Brisbane, Australia, the fourth of twelve children. His father was a Viennese Jew who emigrated to Australia after his conversion to Christianity.
Schwarz obtained dual degrees in Arts and Science at the University of Queensland, Brisbane, and later completed a degree in medicine. He specialized as both a general practitioner and psychiatrist, and from 1953 kept a private practice at home in the Sydney suburb of Strathfield.
## Career
In 1940, following a debate with an Australian communist, Schwarz felt compelled to study communist ideology. Eventually he became a recognised expert on Marxist-Leninist philosophy. He founded and was chairman of the not-for-profit Christian Anti-Communism Crusade (CACC), based originally in Sydney and later in Long Beach, California. He held that position until the late 1990s. During his time with the CACC, Schwarz gave lectures and seminars across the United States on the subject of communism, placing an emphasis on the role of education in understanding Marxism-Leninism from that movement\'s source documents by Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Mao Zedong, and others. Under Schwarz\'s leadership, the CACC financed an orphanage in India for impoverished children.
In the early 1960s, Schwarz gained a national following through his television network and powerful allies among southern California anticommunists: Walter Knott, founder of Knott\'s Berry Farm and member of the John Birch Society, and Patrick Frawley, a magnate whose portfolio included Paper Mate and Technicolor. Knott and Frawley provided financial support to Barry Goldwater\'s 1964 presidential campaign, and they funded Schwarz\'s anticommunist rallies.
Schwarz organized a \"Southern California School of Anti-Communism\" that filled the 16,000-seat Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena from 28 August to 1 September 1961. The opening night\'s most popular speaker was Ronald Reagan. According to Morrie Ryskind, writing in *The Los Angeles Times*, \"The evening sessions, featuring nationally known speakers, were televised, and those who should know tell me that some three million people listened in nightly. At any rate, I can honestly say that in my 25 years in Los Angeles I have never known a local event that so completely captured the enthusiasm of the city.\" A subsequent event, the three-hour \"Hollywood\'s Answer to Communism\" held at the Hollywood Bowl on 16 October 1961, featured such celebrities as Roy Rogers, John Wayne, James Stewart and U.S. Senator Thomas J. Dodd. Television critic John Crosby described it as \"a monster three-hour concentration of pure venom on television\... in which the patriots suggested again and again that the United States was largely peopled by traitors.\" Singer Janet Greene became CACC\'s musical director and performed at their meetings.
Schwarz wrote four books and a fortnightly newsletter for nearly 40 years. His first book, *You Can Trust the Communists (to be Communists)*, was published in 1960 by Prentice Hall, and sold over one million copies worldwide. His second book was *The Three Faces of Revolution*, published in 1972 by Capitol Hill Press.
His third book was the autobiographical *Beating the Unbeatable Foe: One Man\'s Victory over Communism, Leviathan, and the Last Enemy*, published in 1996. The foreword reproduces a letter in which US President Ronald Reagan, with whom Schwarz had been friendly for many years, wrote (on 4 January 1990): \"Fred, you\'re to be commended for your tireless dedication in trying to ensure the protection of freedom and human rights.\" The book included accolades by William F. Buckley Jr., Reed Irvine, John Stormer, and others. In acknowledgement of Schwarz\'s influence upon Reagan\'s anticommunist policies and rhetoric, speechwriter Anthony R. Dolan sent Schwarz a copy of Reagan\'s Evil Empire speech with the note: "I thought you might like to see the oak tree that has grown from the acorn which you planted so many years ago."
*You Can Trust the Communists (to be Communists)* was re-published posthumously in 2011 with additional chapters added by David A. Noebel, under the title *You Can Still Trust the Communists: To be Communists, Socialists, and Progressives Too*. Schwarz had no input into the additional chapters, nor did he endorse them, as they were written and published after his death. The book included an encomium from Phyllis Schlafly that said, \"Dr. Fred Schwarz is one of America's great heroes. In his 50 years of work in the United States, he trained a whole generation to recognize the evil and the danger of Communism at home and abroad. He was a major force in building the conservative anti-Communist movement and in supporting Ronald Reagan's goal of defeating the \'evil empire\'.\"
Though some critics and supporters have sought to depict Schwarz as conservative and right wing, he eschewed both labels, stating in *Time* magazine, \"We are not angels; we have neither right wings, left wings or any wings.\" He insisted that the purpose of his work was bipartisan opposition to Communism grounded in a knowledge of its fundamental doctrines.
In 1936, while a student at the University of Queensland, Schwarz established the University of Queensland Medical Society (UQMS), a medical student\'s union. He pursued industrial action before and after his graduation, successfully ensuring better treatment and higher wages for graduating medical students. In Schwarz\'s obituary Derek H. Meyers wrote, \"Although this industrial action seemed scandalous to older doctors at the time, it is clear that every graduate of an Australian medical school since then owes a debt of gratitude to Fred.\"
As a notable authority on the ideology, Schwarz expressed sympathy for the appeal of Communism. Appearing on *Firing Line with William F. Buckley*, he asserted that arguments that Communists are unintelligent, \"psychological misfits\" are puerile, and that he considered the \"Communist critique and analysis of capitalism\" to be understandably persuasive to those convinced of capitalism\'s role in the creation of poverty and war.
Schwarz was the father-in-law of leading Australian clinical cardiologist and medical scientist, Professor Murray Esler
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# Another Workout
***Another Workout*** is an album by jazz tenor saxophonist Hank Mobley recorded during two sessions in 1961. Most of the album was recorded during a session on December 5, 1961, while the final track, \"Three Coins in a Fountain,\" was recorded on March 26, 1961 (during the sessions for Mobley\'s *Workout* album). The album was not released until 1985 on the Blue Note. The musicians on *Another Workout* are the same as those on *Workout*, with the exception of guitarist Grant Green, who does not appear. The musicians are: Mobley is accompanied by pianist Wynton Kelly, bassist Paul Chambers and drummer Philly Joe Jones. According to writer Bob Blumenthal, producer Michael Cuscuna called the delay of this album\'s release \"incomprehensible\".
## Track listing {#track_listing}
*All compositions by Hank Mobley, except where noted.*
1. \"Out of Joe\'s Bag\" - 5:07
2. \"I Should Care\" (Cahn, Stordahl, Weston) - 7:41
3. \"Gettin\' and Jettin\'\" - 7:43
4. \"Hank\'s Other Soul\" - 8:42
5. \"Hello Young Lovers\" (Hammerstein, Rodgers) - 8:03
6
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# Bahgarah
**Bahgarah** is the name of a village in the district of Darrang, a district of Asom in India.
## Demography
Bahgarah consists of seven villages inhabited by both Hindus and Muslims. The \[Muslim\]s in this village are called \[Goria\]s. They are the descendants of the soldiers who invaded \[Asom\] in 1206 AD under the leadership of \[Bakhtiar Uddin Khilji\], and the later part of the 14th century.
The \[Muslim\]s are originally from modern day \[Malda\] district of West Bengal.
## Etymology
The name has come from the word \"Bah\" meaning bamboo and \"Gar\" meaning fort.
It is said that in the course of the battle of Saraighat when Ram Singh attacked \[Asom\] the people of this locality built a fence of bamboo to ward off the enemy. And it has been attested by \[Edward Gait\] that when Ram Singh attacked this place with 200 horsemen he could not enter the village because of the bamboo fence. The village was renamed Bahgarah
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# Pierluigi Oliverio
**Pierluigi Oliverio** is a former American politician, who was the 6th district Councilmember on the San Jose City Council. He was sworn in on March 20, 2007, and left office in January 2017. He was elected to three consecutive terms, and could no longer run due to term limits.
## Background
Pierluigi grew up in San Jose attending K-12 public schools, and obtained his BA and Teaching Credential from San Jose State University. Prior to being elected to the San Jose City Council Pierluigi worked in the semiconductor and software industry.
## Political campaigns {#political_campaigns}
In an election held June 5, 2018, Pierluigi Oliverio unsuccessfully ran for the Santa Clara County Supervisor position in District 4 to replace the outgoing Ken Yeager. In the days after the election night, it seemed that Oliverio came in for a second place runoff election by a slim 105-vote margin However, it became clear that this was a third place showing as the Santa Clara County Registrar of Voters continued its round-the-clock tally of provisional and mailed-in ballots.
Oliverio ran unsuccessfully as a candidate for California\'s 17th congressional district in the 2016 election, without raising any money, coming in fifth place with 4.2% of the vote.
Two months after losing his run for Congress, Oliverio filed papers in August 2016 to campaign for a seat on the Santa Clara Valley Open Space Authority\'s board of directors. Again, he did not spend any funds on the campaign. He lost against the incumbent in District 4, Dorsey Moore, who won the four-year term for 2016--2020.
In 2014, Oliverio campaigned unsuccessfully in the mayoral race for the City of San Jose, California. He was eliminated from the race in the June primary coming in fourth with just under 10 percent of the vote.
He is a board member of the [Silicon Valley Taxpayer\'s Association](https://www.svtaxpayers.org).
Elected to the [City of San Jose\'s Planning Commission](https://www.sanjoseca.gov/your-government/departments-offices/planning-building-code-enforcement/planning-division/commissions-hearings-and-developers-roundtable/planning-commission) in March 2019, and reelected May 2022. Elected Chair of the City of San Jose\'s Planning Commission June 2022.
Elected to [Willow Glen Neighborhood Association](https://www.wgna.net) Board in 2018.
Re-Elected to 5th term on the Santa Clara County Democratic Central Committee in March 2024.
Member of the local chapter of the League of Women Voters since 2020
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# The Big "C"
**The Big \"C\"** is a large concrete letter \"C\" built into Charter Hill in the Berkeley Hills overlooking the University of California, Berkeley. It was constructed on March 23, 1905, and is considered a campus landmark.
## History
### Class rush and construction {#class_rush_and_construction}
Soon after the University of California\'s founding in 1868, a tradition known as *class rush* was founded. During the event, freshmen would run up the hills above the campus and mark their class numerals in the hillside for all to see, but the sophomore class would attempt to protect the hill by rolling the freshmen back down the hill. The University, however, recognized the tradition as dangerous and banned it. As a result, the men of the freshmen and sophomore classes jointly constructed the Big \"C\" upon the hills above the Greek Theatre and California Memorial Stadium. A plaque was emplaced with the words \"In memory of the Rush, buried Charter Day 1905 by the classes of 1907 and 1908. Requiescat in pace.\" Once the concrete dried, the freshman class, still trying to preserve the ideals of class rush, painted the Big \"C\" gold, one of the University\'s colors.
The construction of the symbol is commemorated in the fight song \"Big C\".
### Post-construction history {#post_construction_history}
After construction, the job of keeping the Big \"C\" painted yellow became the responsibility of the sophomore class as other classes, fraternities, and organizations would paint over the Big \"C\" in a display of their class or organization pride. The process continued as the Big \"C\" accumulated inches of paint layers over its original concrete base. In 1961, a group of Stanford University engineering students used jackhammers to assault the Big \"C\" and rearrange the concrete to a block \"S,\" but the problem was quickly corrected. Soon, the Rally Committee was made guardian of the Big \"C\" and is currently responsible for its upkeep and protection.
In the 1940s, a 184-inch cyclotron was constructed above the Big \"C\" at what was to become the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
## Other Cs {#other_cs}
Several other University of California Branches (Riverside, most prominently), have since constructed their own \"C\"s. The \"C\" located on the Box Spring Mountains at UC Riverside is the largest and topographically the highest \"C\" in the UC system. The \"C\" is a hallmark at all UC campuses, but at UCR, the \"C\" continues to be student-inspired. Students campaigned to have a \"C\" on the side of the Box Springs Mountains that would be bigger than that of any other campus. Early in the 1954-55 school year, a group of UCR students assembled on the roof of Weber Hall while another group gathered at the selected spot on the Box Springs Mountain to mark off the site. In 2017, the most direct trail to the C was fenced off due to the creation of the Perris Valley rail line. The trail is still accessible from a trailhead to the north, though hikers are discouraged from crossing onto the railroad right-of-way.
## Gallery
<File:View> from The Big \"C\" in Berkeley, California
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# Viking Dragonfly
The **Viking Dragonfly** is an American amateur-built aircraft, designed by Bob Walters and produced by Viking Aircraft LLC of Elkhorn, Wisconsin. The aircraft is supplied as a kit or as plans for amateur construction.
## Design and development {#design_and_development}
The Dragonfly is a two-seater aircraft that features a tandem wing layout with a forward wing mounted low and the other behind the cockpit in a shoulder position, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit under a bubble canopy, fixed landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration. The cockpit is 43 in wide
The aircraft is constructed from composites, based on construction techniques pioneered by Burt Rutan at Rutan Aircraft Factory (RAF). The airframe design is visually similar to the RAF\'s Quickie 2, which was developed independently, but the Dragonfly has larger airfoils and a smaller engine, resulting in a slower but more docile handling aircraft. Its forward 20 ft span wing employs a GU25-5(11)8 mod airfoil, when the aft wing (span 22 ft) uses an Eppler 1212 airfoil. Both wings have a total area of 92.2 sqft. Standard engines used include the 60 hp Volkswagen air-cooled engine and the 85 hp Jabiru 2200 four-stroke powerplants. Construction time from the supplied kit is estimated as 700 hours, while from plans is estimated at over 1200 hours.
## Operational history {#operational_history}
The Dragonfly was given the Outstanding New Design Award at the EAA Convention in 1980. By 1998, 500 examples of all variants were reported as flying.
## Variants
Dragonfly Mk I
: Original version with main landing gear mounted in fairings at the lower wing tips. Operations require paved runways and wide taxiways due to widely spaced main wheels.
Dragonfly Mk II
: Version with conventional landing gear.
Dragonfly Mk III
: Version with tricycle landing gear
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# Winston Bryant
**Winston Bryant** (born October 3, 1938) is an American politician and attorney who served as the Secretary of State of Arkansas (1977--1978), the 14th Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas (1981--1991) and Arkansas Attorney General (1991--1999).
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
He was born in Malvern, Arkansas. In 1960, Bryant graduated from Ouachita Baptist University in Arkadelphia. He graduated in 1963 from University of Arkansas School of Law in Fayetteville. He received a Master of Laws in Administrative Law from George Washington University Law School in 1970.
## Career
Bryant served as a legislative assistant to the late U.S. Senator John L. McClellan from 1968 to 1971. Thereafter, he was a prosecuting attorney in his native Hot Spring County and a member of the Arkansas House of Representatives from 1973 to 1977.
Elected Secretary of State in 1976, he vacated the office after one term, describing it as \"a glorified janitor\'s job.\" He unsuccessfully ran for the U.S. House of Representatives from Arkansas\' Fourth District on 1978 which was being vacated by Ray Thornton, who ran for the U.S. Senate. Bryant led the five-man primary, but lost in a runoff to Union County Prosecuting Attorney Beryl Anthony Jr. He was elected lieutenant governor in 1980 and served one term under Republican governor Frank White and four terms under Democrat Bill Clinton before being elected attorney general in 1990. He won 55--45% for the post over future Congressman and governor Asa Hutchinson, and was renominated in the 1994 Democratic primary 58-42% over State Representative (and future U.S. Senator) Mark Pryor. Bryant triumphed in the ordinarily heavily Republican year by a margin of 80--20% over his GOP opponent, Dan Ivy, a controversial attorney and former Democrat.
While serving as attorney general, Bryant waged two separate campaigns for the United States Senate. In 1996, he ran for the seat being vacated by Senator David Pryor. He received the Democratic nomination in a close runoff primary against State Senator and future University of Central Arkansas president Lu Hardin, but lost in a close race to Republican Congressman Tim Hutchinson. When Arkansas\'s other senator, Dale Bumpers, retired before the 1998 election, Bryant once again ran in the Democratic primary. He placed second in the initial balloting, and lost the run-off to former Representative Blanche Lincoln who went on to defeat Republican state Senator Fay Boozman in the general election. After his defeat by Lincoln, he finished his term as attorney general and retired to his law practice in Malvern.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
He is married to the former Susan Hughes and has one son, John Bryant. He enjoyed watching his great nephews play baseball
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# Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens
*Pandoc failed*: ```
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unexpected '|'
|-| align="right"| {{Hs|1856-08-08}} 8 August 1856
^
``
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Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens
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# J. W. Nixon High School
and Gold {{ color box\|#FFD700}} }}
**Joseph W. Nixon High School** is a public high school located in South Texas, United States. It was built in 1964 as the second high school in Laredo, Texas. The original high school in Laredo was Raymond & Tirza Martin High School, previously known as Laredo High School. Both are part of the Laredo Independent School District (LISD).
Over a period of two years (2014-2015), J. W. Nixon underwent a \$40 million renovation. Several older campus buildings were demolished to create a reconfigured two-story building centered around a U-shaped courtyard. Funds for the project were mostly derived from a construction bond package approved by voters. `{{as of|2016}}`{=mediawiki}, J. W. Nixon has new complexes for tennis and track and field, along with new classrooms.
## History
J. W. Nixon is named for a former LISD superintendent. It opened its doors in September 1964, with W. E. Lockey serving as Nixon\'s first principal. The first class to graduate was the Class of 1965. Initially, J.W. Nixon served as a junior high/high school with grades seven through twelve. The original school property consisted of 20 acre and the cost of construction was \$151,047,568. In 2007 J.W. Nixon had a record breaking number of more than 400 students graduating.
About 2 a.m. on December 7, 2012, arsonists torched three portable buildings at Nixon High School. Three other classrooms sustained smoke damage. No individuals were physically harmed in the fire.
In 2014, Nixon fell short on minimum state standards and were placed on the Public Education Grant list.
Viola Ileana Martinez Moore (1929-2017), born in Zapata and a graduate of Martin High School in Laredo, was a subsequent principal of J. W. Nixon, the first Hispanic woman to head a 5-A high school in Texas. The J. W. Nixon Band Hall is named in her honor. After regular retirement, she served for two terms as a trustee of the Laredo Independent School District and as principal of the Roman Catholic Blessed Sacrament Elementary School in Laredo. Her obituary describes her as one of \"no limitations, a goal-getter, a catcher of dreams, and the best example for our community as a whole.\"
Among the original J. W. Nixon faculty is Cecilia Cantu. Another member, Laura Garcia Magnon (died 2012), retired after forty-five years of continuous service to J. W. Nixon. The Nixon science building is named in her honor.
In 2015, Pedro \"Pete\" Solis of Nixon High School was named \"Texas Coach of the Year\" for Class 5A by the Texas Association of Basketball Coaches.
## Rivalry
The Nixon-Martin High annual football game is known as the oldest and most popular school rivalry game in the city.
Each year both teams face in this border city classic. The game is usually played in November.
year winner score
--------- ----------- -------
1974-75
1975-76
1976-77
1977-78
1978-79
1979-80
1980-81
1981-82
1982-83
1983-84
1984-85
1985-86
1986-87
1987-88
1988-89
1989-90
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97 Nixon
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00 **Nixon**
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03 **Nixon**
2003-04 **Nixon**
2004-05 **Nixon** 44-13
2005-06 **Nixon** 43-0
2006-07 **Nixon** 19-14
2007-08 **Nixon**
2008-09 Martin
2009-10 Martin 35-26
2010-11 Martin 27-14
2011-12 **Nixon**
2012-13 **Nixon**
2013-14 Martin
2014-15 Martin
2015-16 **Nixon**
2016-17 **Nixon**
2017-18 **Nixon**
2018-19 **Nixon**
2019-20 **Nixon** 33-30
2020-21
2021-22 **Nixon** 28-13
2022-23 Martin
2023-24 Martin 28-27
2024 Nixon
-
## Notable alumni {#notable_alumni}
- Pete Astudillo (class of 1982) - Tejano singer and former member of Selena y Los Dinos
- Freddie Benavides - Professional baseball player, interim manager of the Cincinnati Reds
- Dr. Francisco G
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# James Sturm
**James Sturm** (born 1965) is an American cartoonist and co-founder of the Center for Cartoon Studies in White River Junction, Vermont. Sturm is also the founder of the National Association of Comics Art Educators (NACAE), an organization committed to helping facilitate the teaching of comics in higher education.
## Biography
Sturm grew up in Rockland County, New York, and later attended the University of Wisconsin--Madison. In college, he published the comic strip *Down and Out Dawg* for the student newspaper, *The Daily Cardinal*. Sturm partnered with Tim Keck (who later co-founded *The Onion*) to sell monthly calendars decorated with *Down and Out Dawg* characters, helping both pay for their studies.
In 1988, one year after graduating, he self-published *Down and Out Dawg*, a book collecting his college newspaper strips, and *Commix*, an anthology that featured some of the first works of Chris Ware and Scott Dikkers. In 1990, Sturm was hired as a production assistant on Art Spiegelman\'s *RAW* magazine, and subsequently was published in the second and fourth issues of the *Drawn & Quarterly* anthology magazine.
In 1991, Sturm received a Master of Fine Arts from the School of Visual Arts in New York. He then moved to Seattle, Washington, and co-founded the alternative newsweekly, *The Stranger*. Meanwhile, Fantagraphics published his first comic book *The Cereal Killings* #1. During the next five years Sturm juggled jobs as art director of *The Stranger*, publisher of his own Bear Bones Press, and work on his own comics, like *The Revival*, published in 1996. In 1997, Sturm became a professor at the Savannah College of Art and Design, in Savannah, Georgia.
In 1998, Drawn & Quarterly published the story *Hundreds of Feet Below Daylight*, the second in Sturm\'s trilogy of American historical fiction pieces. Two years later came the last installment of the trilogy, the best-selling and award-winning graphic novel *The Golem\'s Mighty Swing*. This book went on to be printed in three languages, earned praise from such publications as *The Sunday Observer*, *Entertainment Weekly*, and *The Washington Post Book World*, and was chosen as the Best Graphic Novel of 2000 by *Time*. In 2004, Drawn & Quarterly collected *Hundreds of Feet Below Daylight* and *The Revival* as a deluxe comic book titled *Above & Below*. In October 2007, the trilogy was collected in a volume entitled *James Sturm\'s America: God, Gold, and Golems*.
In 2003, Sturm wrote the Marvel Comics four-issue miniseries *Fantastic Four: Unstable Molecules*, featuring characters based on the Fantastic Four. It won an Eisner Award for Best Limited Series.
In 2004, Sturm and Michelle Ollie founded the Center for Cartoon Studies, with its first classes offered in the fall of 2005. As of April 2010, he writes a column about the Internet for the website *Slate*
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# Hitchcock & Herrmann
***Hitchcock & Herrmann*** is a play written by David Knijnenburg which examines the relationship between film director Alfred Hitchcock and musical composer Bernard Herrmann.
## Synopsis
By combining a talent for self-promotion and producing films that were popular, Alfred Hitchcock became one of the greatest directors of motion pictures. No less of a talent in the world of musical composition, Bernard Herrmann was a child prodigy who had worked with Orson Welles before finding a collaboration with Hitchcock on *The Trouble with Harry*, **The Man Who Knew Too Much**, *The Wrong Man*, *North by Northwest*, *Vertigo*, **Psycho**, *The Birds* and *Marnie*. After ten years the two men ended their collaboration.
## Themes
Through what is two intersecting monologues the play *Hitchcock & Herrmann* explores the relationship between these two geniuses and endeavours to explain in their own words why at the height of their creative talents they parted company and never worked together again. Interspersed throughout are examples of Herrmann\'s music - often taking the place for important dramatic points.
## Production history {#production_history}
### Australia
The play was first performed in January, 2005 as a rehearsed reading at the 4MBS Performance Studio in Brisbane, Australia with Knijnenburg himself playing the part of Hitchcock and Yalin Ozucelik as Bernard Herrmann. This reading was somewhat of a rushed affair in order to accommodate Ozuceik who was soon to begin studies at NIDA and would subsequently be unavailable.
Nevertheless, the show was a success, resulting in a three-week performance season in March 2005. Knijnenburg again played Hitchcock, however this time the role of Bernard Herrmann was taken by Michael Priest.
Further successes followed culminating in a nomination for Best Playwright in the 2005 Matilda Awards for Excellence in Live Drama. Other nominees in the category included world-famous playwright David Williamson.
In 2006 Knijnenburg was invited to perform the show at the Melbourne Fringe Festival. With Michael Priest unavailable a new actor was cast in the role of Bernard Herrmann - Jesse Rosenfeld, a young actor who had recently graduated from the Victorian College of the Arts but had been acting since the age of twelve when he appeared in Bruce Beresford\'s film *Paradise Road* alongside Pamela Rabe, Pauline Collins, Glenn Close and Cate Blanchett and has since joined the cast of the television series *Neighbours*.
In 2021 the play was published by Playlab Press
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# Alain Cayzac
**Alain Cayzac**, born in Évreux, Eure on 2 June 1941 is a French advertising agent and was the president of the Paris Saint-Germain Football Club between June 2006 and April 2008.
A graduate of HEC Paris, Alain Cayzac began his career as an advertising agent in 1969, before co-founding in 1972 the agency RSCG with Bernard Roux, Jacques Séguéla, and Jean-Michel Goudard. He became the president in 1984, a post he retained after the merger with Eurocom in 1992. He later became the vice-president of Havas in 1997. He left Havas in 2005.
A member of the directors\' committee of Paris Saint-Germain since 1986, he became a minority shareholder (2%) from 1991 to 2005, then the president in June 2006. He resigned in April 2008 after the club suffered poor results, escaping relegation on the last day of the 2007-2008 football season
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# 190 Coltrin Road
**190 Coltrin Road** is the residence of the High Commissioner of Pakistan in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the enclave of Rockcliffe Park amongst other prestigious ambassadorial residences. It was constructed in 1929 and is considered an important historical site, according to the *Local Architectural Conservation Advisory Committee* of Rockcliffe Park, under the *Ontario Heritage Act* (1974).
## History
190 Coltrin Road was designed by *Clarence Burritt* in 1929 for the son and daughter of G. H. Millen, former president of the E. B. Eddy Company. The house was briefly owned by W. Garfield Weston of the Weston Bakeries empire. It was bought by Pakistan in 1949 as a residence for their high commissioner. Since then, it has served for more than five decades as the residence of the High Commissioner of Pakistan to Canada.
## Architecture
190 Coltrin Road was made with the intention of incorporating several architectural styles, including:
- The Georgian Revival, as depicted in the Ionic columns at the entrance and dentils on the cornice.
- The Gothic Revival, in the details of its dormer windows
- Colonial New England, in the red brick facade and symmetric white picket fence.
## Ambassadorial Residence {#ambassadorial_residence}
This residence has historically seated almost all Pakistani High Commissioners:
- Shahid Malik
- Musa Javed Chohan
- Naela Chohan
- Akbar Zeb
## Trivia
A small seed that Liaqat Ali Khan planted on this residence on June 1, 1951, now stands as one of the tallest trees in Rockcliffe Park
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# Valkyrie (American band)
**Valkyrie** is an American doom metal band from Harrisonburg, Virginia, led by brothers Jake and Pete Adams.
## History
Valkyrie formed in the summer of 2002 as a three-piece consisting of vocalist/guitarist Jake Adams, bassist Eric Seaman, and drummer Luke Shafer. In 2004, Jake\'s brother Pete was introduced on second guitar and a five-song demo was recorded at a local college radio station. Shafer was soon replaced by Mike Hoke on drums, and a new demo, *Sunlight Shines*, as well as a split 7-inch with VOG were recorded.
Seaman and Hoke parted ways with the band at the end of 2004 and were replaced by bassist Nick Crabill and drummer Nic McInturff. This line-up recorded the eponymous debut album, which was released by Twin Earth Records. In early 2006 Valkyrie again parted ways with its rhythm section and recruited bassist Will Barry-Rec and drummer Gary Isom (Spirit Caravan, Pentagram). Isom and Valkyrie parted ways in mid-2007 and Valkyrie recruited drummer Warren Hawkins.
In 2014, Valkyrie was signed to Relapse Records. The band\'s 2015 album *Shadows* and 2020 album *Fear* were both released through the label.
## Musical style {#musical_style}
Valkyrie draws from pre-metal style to create a stoner metal sound. *Blabbermouth* described the band as \"Drawing heavily from the classic eras of hard rock and heavy metal,\" saying \"Valkyrie plays guitar-driven rock \'n\' roll replete with infectious solos and catchy, powerful vocals. The band has drawn numerous comparisons to greats like Thin Lizzy, Scorpion, Black Sabbath, early Iron Maiden, and Deep Purple.\"
## Members
**Current members**
- Jake Adams -- lead vocals, rhythm guitar (2002--present)
- Pete Adams -- lead guitar, backing vocals (2004--present)
- Warren Hawkins -- drums (2007--present)
- Alan Fary -- bass (2012--present)
**Former members**
- Eric Seaman -- bass (2002--2004)
- Nick Crabill -- bass (2004--2006)
- Will Barry-Rec -- bass (2006--2012)
- Luke Shafer -- drums (2002--2004)
- Mike Hoke -- drums (2004)
- Nic McInturff -- drums (2004--2006)
- Gary Isom -- drums (2006--2007)
**Timeline** {{#tag:timeline\| ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:20 PlotArea = left:100 bottom:80 top:0 right:25 Alignbars = justify DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy Period = from:01/01/2003 till:{{#time:m/d/Y}} TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:3 ScaleMajor = increment:2 start:2003 ScaleMinor = increment:1 start:2003
Colors =
` id:vocals value:red legend:Lead_vocals,_rhythm_guitar`\
` id:guitar value:green legend:Lead_guitar,_backing_vocals`\
` id:bass value:blue legend:Bass`\
` id:drums value:orange legend:Drums`\
` id:studio value:black legend:Studio_album`\
` id:EP value:gray(0
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# Fe del Valle
**Fe del Valle Ramos** (Remedios, Cuba, 9 August 1917 -- 13 April 1961) was a Cuban civil rights activist, who died in the El Encanto fire, a terrorist attack in Havana.
## Personal background {#personal_background}
Fe del Valle was a trained milliner, originally from San Juan de los Remedios, Villa Clara Province. She was commonly known as \"Lula\". In 1938 she married Orlando Ravelo, and had two children; in 1961, son Robin was age 14, and Erick was 17, training to be a military pilot.
## El Encanto department store {#el_encanto_department_store}
El Encanto was the largest department store in Cuba, with five retail storeys. It was originally built in 1888, and was situated on the corner of Galiano and San Rafael in Old Havana. Before the Cuban Revolution, it had been privately owned, but in 1959 it was nationalized. In 1961, it employed about 930 people. After the store was nationalized, Fe del Valle became an organizer of many of the department store\'s activities. She became head of the children\'s department, and was also one of the founders of the National Revolutionary Militias, and head of the store\'s delegation to the Federation of Cuban Women. In April 1961, she was helping to plan the construction of a day care center on the roof of the building. That was to serve the children of the store\'s employees, most of whom were women.
## El Encanto fire {#el_encanto_fire}
After the store closed on 13 April 1961, a fellow employee, Carlos González Vidal, planted two incendiary devices in the tailoring department. After the fire was discovered, Fe del Valle tried to extinguish the flames. When that failed, she evidently attempted to recover money donated towards the day care center; she then became trapped, and was overcome by dense smoke. Her death provoked popular outrage, particularly because she was a woman dedicated to the revolution. Carlos González Vidal was later tried, sentenced to death, and executed by firing squad.
## Legacy
The former site of the department store is now the location of the Fe del Valle park
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# Boundary Peak (Maine/Quebec)
This mountain, which has no formal name, is located on the Canada--US border between boundary markers 445 and 446. It is the highest point on the border east of the Rocky Mountains. Specifically it is the highest point for 3190 mi of border from the Passamquoddy Bay up to 111 degrees west in Liberty County, Montana at border monument 360 (miles; 360 mi) from the Pacific. The southeast half is in Oxford County, Maine; the northwest half is in Le Granit Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada.
The south and east sides of the mountain drain via streams into the Kennebago River, then into Cupsuptic Lake, through a series of lakes into the Rapid River and Umbagog Lake, the source of the Androscoggin River, which drains into Merrymeeting Bay, the estuary of the Kennebec River, and then into the Gulf of Maine. The north and west sides of the mountain drain into Ruisseau Clearwater, then into the Rivière Arnold, and the Rivière aux Araignées, into Lac Mégantic, then into the Chaudière River, and Saint Lawrence River, which drains into the Gulf of St. Lawrence
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# Paradoxophyla
***Paradoxophyla*** is a small genus of microhylid frogs endemic to Madagascar
| 13 |
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| 0 |
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# Carden Township
The **Township of Carden** was a municipality in the north-west corner of Victoria County, now the city of Kawartha Lakes, in the Canadian province of Ontario.
## Geography
According to the 1996 Canadian census, the last prior to the amalgamation of Victoria County, the township has a total area of 186.84 km2.
## Name
Sir John Colborne, Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada from 1830 to 1836 named the town to honour Admiral John Surman Carden 1771-1858 who embarked Sir John following the relief of Sir John Moore\'s army at Corunna in the Peninsula War.
## Demographics
*\*Note that the following precise figures were rounded to the nearest 5 by Statistics Canada, and that percentages may have a small statistical error.*
As of the census of 1996, there were 890 people, 335 households and 285 families in the township. The population density was 4.75 /km2. The racial makeup of the county was 100% Caucasian, with no permanent residents of a visible minority.
There were 335 households and 285 families, out of which 91.20% were married couples, and 8.80% were single parent families. 14.93% of households were made up of individuals. The average household value was \$165,563.
The age distribution was 5.1% under the age of 4, 12.4% from 5 to 14, 10.7% from 15 to 24, 40.5% from 25 to 54, 12.9% from 55 to 64, and 18.0% 65 or older. The median age was 40.5 years. For every 100 females there were 108.2 males.
The median per capita income for the township was \$21,667. Males had a median income of \$28,007 versus \$14,370 for females.
In the population over 25, 19.0% had less than a grade nine education. 54.8% had at least a high school diploma or equivalent. While 35.7% graduated from a non-university post-secondary institute, only 4.8% completed university
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# Eldon Township
The **Township of Eldon** was a municipality located in the west of the former Victoria County, now the city of Kawartha Lakes, in Ontario, Canada
| 28 |
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| 0 |
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# Electromote
The **Electromote** was the world\'s first vehicle run like a trolleybus, which was first presented to the public on April 29, 1882, by its inventor Dr. Ernst Werner von Siemens in Halensee, a suburb of Berlin, Germany.
## Working on electro-magnetic propulsion {#working_on_electro_magnetic_propulsion}
In 1847, Siemens told his brother Wilhelm that should he have time and money, he wanted to build himself a carriage with electro-magnetic propulsion. In the early 1880s, he managed to realize the idea, first erecting the masts and infrastructure on site in 1881. Halensee, independent and not yet part of Berlin at the time, had only been named the previous year and was not yet fully developed, providing the project with the space needed as well as access via the Berlin Ringbahn at nearby Halensee station.
## Operational history {#operational_history}
The Elektromote operated from April 29 to June 13, 1882, on a 540 m trail-track along "Straße No. 5", today\'s Joachim-Friedrich-Straße, and "Straße No. 13", today\'s Johann-Georg-Straße, crossing the upper Kurfürstendamm. According to other sources, the track was along the Ku\'damm itself. The track being unimproved and correspondingly bumpy led to malfunctions of the vehicle which in turn contributed to the short duration of the experiment. Public transport or demonstration was not part of the project\'s purpose.
This experimental vehicle already fulfilled all the technical criteria of a typical trolleybus. After the demonstration runs closed on June 13, the test track was dismantled on June 20, 1882.
## Voltage and horsepower {#voltage_and_horsepower}
The Electromote built by the Siemens & Halske company was a converted four-wheel landau carriage, equipped with two 2.2 kW electric motors, each of which transmitting power directly to one of the rear wheels using a chain drive. This was because a working differential was not available at the time. The voltage used was 550 V DC. The electric power transmission to the coach was by a flexible cable pulling a small eight-wheeled \"contact car\" (*Kontaktwagen*) that ran along the overhead power lines. The car was weighed so it wouldn\'t fall off the cables it ran on. In English language use, the *Kontaktwagen* was later named the \"trolley\", giving the trolley car and trolley bus their names. With the horsepower available, the conveyance reached approx. 12 km/h. To power the system, Carl Ludwig Frischen, chief engineer of Siemens & Halske, had a power station built in a nearby shed, consisting of a small steam engine hooked up to a dynamo
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# Annabel Walker
**Annabel Walker** (active 1987 - present) is an English author, who grew up in South-West Devon. She read English and History at Bristol University and subsequently became a journalist working for the national press in London. Her first book, *Kensington and Chelsea: A Social and Architectural History*, was published by John Murray in 1987. In 1995, her biography of the explorer Aurel Stein (subsequently translated and published in Chinese) was reviewed in the TLS, The Spectator, as well as academic journals.
She is also the author of *England from the Air*. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1989
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| 0 |
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# Kazama
is a Japanese surname
| 6 |
Kazama
| 0 |
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# 1990 Venetian regional election
The **Venetian regional election of 1990** took place on 6 and 7 May 1990.
## Events
Christian Democracy was by far the largest party, but it was four seats short of an outright majority in the Regional Council. The Greens and the regionalist parties did surprisingly well.
After the election Christian Democrat Franco Cremonese formed a government comprising the Italian Socialist Party, the Italian Republican Party and the Italian Democratic Socialist Party. The government fell in 1992 in the verge of *Tangentopoli* scandals and was replaced by a succession of governments, which included both Venetian League and the Democratic Party of the Left, the successor party of the Communists.
## Results
-----------
Party
**Total**
-----------
Source: [Regional Council of Veneto](http://oe.consiglioveneto
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| 0 |
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# Binary tetrahedral group
In mathematics, the **binary tetrahedral group**, denoted 2T or `{{angbr|2,3,3}}`{=mediawiki}, is a certain nonabelian group of order 24. It is an extension of the tetrahedral group T or (2,3,3) of order 12 by a cyclic group of order 2, and is the preimage of the tetrahedral group under the 2:1 covering homomorphism Spin(3) → SO(3) of the special orthogonal group by the spin group. It follows that the binary tetrahedral group is a discrete subgroup of Spin(3) of order 24. The complex reflection group named 3(24)3 by G.C. Shephard or 3\[3\]3 and `{{CDD|3node|3|3node}}`{=mediawiki} by Coxeter, is isomorphic to the binary tetrahedral group.
The binary tetrahedral group is most easily described concretely as a discrete subgroup of the unit quaternions, under the isomorphism `{{nowrap|Spin(3) ≅ Sp(1)}}`{=mediawiki}, where Sp(1) is the multiplicative group of unit quaternions. (For a description of this homomorphism see the article on quaternions and spatial rotations.)
## Elements
+------------------------------+---------+
| \ | \ |
| 8-fold | 12-fold |
+------------------------------+---------+
| 24 quaternion elements: | |
| | |
| - 1 order-1: 1 | |
| - 1 order-2: −1 | |
| - 6 order-4: ±i, ±j, ±k | |
| - 8 order-6: (+1±i±j±k)/2 | |
| - 8 order-3: (−1±i±j±k)/2. | |
+------------------------------+---------+
: Symmetry projections
Explicitly, the binary tetrahedral group is given as the group of units in the ring of Hurwitz integers. There are 24 such units given by
$$\{\pm 1,\pm i,\pm j,\pm k,\tfrac{1}{2}(\pm 1 \pm i \pm j \pm k)\}$$ with all possible sign combinations.
All 24 units have absolute value 1 and therefore lie in the unit quaternion group Sp(1). The convex hull of these 24 elements in 4-dimensional space form a convex regular 4-polytope called the 24-cell.
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# Binary tetrahedral group
## Properties
The binary tetrahedral group, denoted by 2T, fits into the short exact sequence
$$1\to\{\pm 1\}\to 2\mathrm{T}\to \mathrm{T} \to 1.$$ This sequence does not split, meaning that 2T is *not* a semidirect product of {±1} by T. In fact, there is no subgroup of 2T isomorphic to T.
The binary tetrahedral group is the covering group of the tetrahedral group. Thinking of the tetrahedral group as the alternating group on four letters, `{{nowrap|T ≅ A<sub>4</sub>}}`{=mediawiki}, we thus have the binary tetrahedral group as the covering group, `{{nowrap|2T ≅ <math>\widehat{\mathrm{A}_4}</math>.}}`{=mediawiki}
The center of 2T is the subgroup {±1}. The inner automorphism group is isomorphic to A~4~, and the full automorphism group is isomorphic to S~4~.
The binary tetrahedral group can be written as a semidirect product
$$2\mathrm{T}=\mathrm{Q}\rtimes\mathrm{C}_3$$ where Q is the quaternion group consisting of the 8 Lipschitz units and C~3~ is the cyclic group of order 3 generated by `{{math|1=''ω'' = −{{sfrac|1|2}}(1 + ''i'' + ''j'' + ''k'')}}`{=mediawiki}. The group Z~3~ acts on the normal subgroup Q by conjugation. Conjugation by `{{math|''ω''}}`{=mediawiki} is the automorphism of Q that cyclically rotates `{{mvar|i}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{mvar|j}}`{=mediawiki}, and `{{mvar|k}}`{=mediawiki}.
One can show that the binary tetrahedral group is isomorphic to the special linear group SL(2,3) -- the group of all `{{nowrap|2 × 2}}`{=mediawiki} matrices over the finite field **F**~3~ with unit determinant, with this isomorphism covering the isomorphism of the projective special linear group PSL(2,3) with the alternating group A~4~.
### Presentation
The group 2T has a presentation given by
$$\langle r,s,t \mid r^2 = s^3 = t^3 = rst \rangle$$ or equivalently,
$$\langle s,t \mid (st)^2 = s^3 = t^3 \rangle.$$ Generators with these relations are given by
$$r = i \qquad s = \tfrac{1}{2}(1+i+j+k) \qquad t = \tfrac{1}{2}(1+i+j-k),$$
with $r^2 = s^3 = t^3 = -1$.
A Cayley Table with these properties, elements ordered by GAP, is
1 2 r 4 -1 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 s 15 16 17 t 19 20 21 22 23 24
2 6 7 8 9 1 13 s 15 16 17 t r 4 -1 20 21 22 23 10 11 12 24 19
r 8 -1 10 11 20 23 9 t 12 1 19 s 21 24 7 16 2 4 15 22 13 17 6
4 16 19 -1 12 13 8 17 23 r 10 1 15 20 21 9 t 7 11 22 6 24 2 s
-1 9 11 12 1 15 17 t 2 19 r 4 21 22 6 23 7 8 10 24 13 s 16 20
6 1 13 s 15 2 r 4 -1 20 21 22 7 8 9 10 11 12 24 16 17 t 19 23
7 s 9 16 17 10 24 15 22 t 2 23 4 11 19 13 20 6 8 -1 12 r 21 1
8 20 23 9 t r s 21 24 7 16 2 -1 10 11 15 22 13 17 12 1 19 6 4
9 15 17 t 2 -1 21 22 6 23 7 8 11 12 1 24 13 s 16 19 r 4 20 10
10 7 4 11 19 s 9 16 17 -1 12 r 24 15 22 t 2 23 1 13 20 6 8 21
11 t 1 19 r 24 16 2 8 4 -1 10 22 13 20 17 23 9 12 6 s 21 7 15
12 23 10 1 4 21 t 7 16 11 19 -1 6 24 13 2 8 17 r s 15 20 9 22
13 4 15 20 21 16 19 -1 12 22 6 24 8 17 23 r 10 1 s 9 t 7 11 2
s 10 24 15 22 7 4 11 19 13 20 6 9 16 17 -1 12 r 21 t 2 23 1 8
15 -1 21 22 6 9 11 12 1 24 13 s 17 t 2 19 r 4 20 23 7 8 10 16
16 13 8 17 23 4 15 20 21 9 t 7 19 -1 12 22 6 24 2 r 10 1 s 11
17 22 2 23 7 19 20 6 s 8 9 16 12 r 10 21 24 15 t 1 4 11 13 -1
t 24 16 2 8 11 22 13 20 17 23 9 1 19 r 6 s 21 7 4 -1 10 15 12
19 17 12 r 10 22 2 23 7 1 4 11 20 6 s 8 9 16 -1 21 24 15 t 13
20 r s 21 24 8 -1 10 11 15 22 13 23 9 t 12 1 19 6 7 16 2 4 17
21 12 6 24 13 23 10 1 4 s 15 20 t 7 16 11 19 -1 22 2 8 17 r 9
22 19 20 6 s 17 12 r 10 21 24 15 2 23 7 1 4 11 13 8 9 16 -1 t
23 21 t 7 16 12 6 24 13 2 8 17 10 1 4 s 15 20 9 11 19 -1 22 r
24 11 22 13 20 t 1 19 r 6 s 21 16 2 8 4 -1 10 15 17 23 9 12 7
There is 1 element of order 1 (element 1), one element of order 2 ($e_5=-1$), 8 elements of order 3, 6 elements of order 4 (including $e_3=r$), 8 elements of order 6 (which include $e_{14}=s$ and $e_{18}=t$).
### Subgroups
The quaternion group consisting of the 8 Lipschitz units forms a normal subgroup of 2T of index 3. This group and the center {±1} are the only nontrivial normal subgroups.
All other subgroups of 2T are cyclic groups generated by the various elements, with orders 3, 4, and 6.
## Higher dimensions {#higher_dimensions}
Just as the tetrahedral group generalizes to the rotational symmetry group of the *n*-simplex (as a subgroup of SO(*n*)), there is a corresponding higher binary group which is a 2-fold cover, coming from the cover Spin(*n*) → SO(*n*).
The rotational symmetry group of the *n*-simplex can be considered as the alternating group on *n* + 1 points, A~*n*+1~, and the corresponding binary group is a 2-fold covering group. For all higher dimensions except A~6~ and A~7~ (corresponding to the 5-dimensional and 6-dimensional simplexes), this binary group is the covering group (maximal cover) and is superperfect, but for dimensional 5 and 6 there is an additional exceptional 3-fold cover, and the binary groups are not superperfect.
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# Binary tetrahedral group
## Usage in theoretical physics {#usage_in_theoretical_physics}
The binary tetrahedral group was used in the context of Yang--Mills theory in 1956 by Chen Ning Yang and others. It was first used in flavor physics model building by Paul Frampton and Thomas Kephart in 1994. In 2012 it was shown that a relation between two neutrino mixing angles, derived by using this binary tetrahedral flavor symmetry, agrees with experiment
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# Binary octahedral group
In mathematics, the **binary octahedral group**, name as 2O or `{{angbr|2,3,4}}`{=mediawiki} is a certain nonabelian group of order 48. It is an extension of the chiral octahedral group *O* or (2,3,4) of order 24 by a cyclic group of order 2, and is the preimage of the octahedral group under the 2:1 covering homomorphism $\operatorname{Spin}(3) \to \operatorname{SO}(3)$ of the special orthogonal group by the spin group. It follows that the binary octahedral group is a discrete subgroup of Spin(3) of order 48.
The binary octahedral group is most easily described concretely as a discrete subgroup of the unit quaternions, under the isomorphism $\operatorname{Spin}(3) \cong \operatorname{Sp}(1)$ where Sp(1) is the multiplicative group of unit quaternions. (For a description of this homomorphism see the article on quaternions and spatial rotations.)
## Elements
Explicitly, the binary octahedral group is given as the union of the 24 Hurwitz units
$$\{\pm 1,\pm i,\pm j,\pm k,\tfrac{1}{2}(\pm 1 \pm i \pm j \pm k)\}$$ with all 24 quaternions obtained from
$$\tfrac{1}{\sqrt 2}(\pm 1 \pm 1i + 0j + 0k)$$ by a permutation of coordinates and all possible sign combinations. All 48 elements have absolute value 1 and therefore lie in the unit quaternion group Sp(1).
## Properties
The binary octahedral group, denoted by 2*O*, fits into the short exact sequence
$$1\to\{\pm 1\}\to 2O\to O \to 1.\,$$ This sequence does not split, meaning that 2*O* is *not* a semidirect product of {±1} by *O*. In fact, there is no subgroup of 2*O* isomorphic to *O*.
The center of 2*O* is the subgroup {±1}, so that the inner automorphism group is isomorphic to *O*. The full automorphism group is isomorphic to *O* × **Z**~2~.
### Presentation
The group 2*O* has a presentation given by
$$\langle r,s,t \mid r^2 = s^3 = t^4 = rst \rangle$$ or equivalently,
$$\langle s,t \mid (st)^2 = s^3 = t^4 \rangle.$$ Quaternion generators with these relations are given by
$$r = \tfrac{1}{\sqrt 2}(i+j) \qquad s = \tfrac{1}{2}(1+i+j+k) \qquad t = \tfrac{1}{\sqrt 2}(1+i),$$
with $r^2 = s^3 = t^4 = rst = -1.$
### Subgroups
The binary tetrahedral group, 2*T*, consisting of the 24 Hurwitz units, forms a normal subgroup of index 2. The quaternion group, *Q*8, consisting of the 8 Lipschitz units forms a normal subgroup of 2*O* of index 6. The quotient group is isomorphic to *S*~3~ (the symmetric group on 3 letters). These two groups, together with the center {±1}, are the only nontrivial normal subgroups of 2*O*.
The generalized quaternion group, *Q*16, also forms a subgroup of 2*O*, index 3. This subgroup is self-normalizing so its conjugacy class has 3 members. There are also isomorphic copies of the binary dihedral groups *Q*8 and *Q*12 in 2*O*.
All other subgroups are cyclic groups generated by the various elements (with orders 3, 4, 6, and 8).
## Higher dimensions {#higher_dimensions}
The *binary octahedral group* generalizes to higher dimensions: just as the octahedron generalizes to the orthoplex, the octahedral group in SO(3) generalizes to the hyperoctahedral group in SO(*n*), which has a binary cover under the map $\operatorname{Spin}(n) \to SO(n)
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# John Frederick Adolphus McNair
**John Frederick Adolphus McNair** `{{post-nominals|country=GBR|CMG|RA|AMICE|FLS|FRGS}}`{=mediawiki} (23 October 1828 -- 17 May 1910) was a British Indian and colonial official.
## Early life and family {#early_life_and_family}
McNair was born in Bath. He married firstly Sarah Desgranges Paine in 1849. They had seven children. He married secondly Madalena Williamson, *née* Vallance.
## Career
McNair was educated at King\'s College London and at the School of Mines. He was a multi-talented civil servant in the service of the Straits Settlements. He was an engineer, superintendent of convicts, manager of public works and a member of the commission for the pacification of Larut following the signing of a peace treaty, in 1874.
McNair\'s childhood was filled with the study of geology. Over time he amassed a large collection of metals. He later had this transported to Madras where he was to begin his first job.
In 1846, at the age of 17, McNair left England to take up employment with the British East India Company, (E. I. C.) at Madras, India. McNair studied and was fluent in Hindustani, a skill that would stand him in good stead.
From Madras, McNair was transferred to Malacca (part of Straits Settlements in 1853 to be responsible for the Madras Native Artillery reporting to J. B. Westerhout, then the advisor to the government of the Straits Settlements.
He was then posted to Singapore, where he took up an appointment as private secretary and aide-de-camp to the Governor of Straits Settlements. In 1857, McNair was appointed Executive Engineer and Superintendent of Convicts in the Straits Settlements (Penang, Malacca and Singapore) and he was also in responsible for Public Works and the Oriental Gaol in Singapore.
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# John Frederick Adolphus McNair
## Contributions
His strong command of the Hindustani language meant he could easily converse with Indian convicts which was particularly useful since he had only one assistant, a European warden, the petty officers being selected among the convicts themselves.
McNair employed the Indian convicts in the construction of roads all over Singapore and buildings like the St Andrew\'s Cathedral, Singapore and Government House (known as The Istana).
In 1867, he accompanied Sir Harry Ord the new governor of Straits Settlements back to Singapore, when control of the Straits Settlements was transferred from the India Office to the Colonial Office in London. He was appointed Colonial Engineer and through his efforts, the building of the water works which had been plagued with failures, was successfully completed.
In 1874, though not a commissioner himself, he was involved with the Commission for the Pacification of Larut in Perak comprising then Captain Samuel Dunlop, F. A. Swettenham, Chung Keng Quee and Chin Seng Yam.
Sir Andrew Clarke started the title \"Empress of India,\" and asked Major McNair to translate this. Of the several versions he provided, \"Kaisar-i-Hind\" was selected and officially used for the first time in Sir Andrew\'s proclamation, which was at once sent home to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, the Earl of Carnavon.
In 1875, Following the murder of J. W. W. Birch and the Perak War it started, he was appointed Chief Commissioner inquiring into the complicity of the Chiefs of Perak, 1875-1876.
In 1882, he was appointed Acting Resident Councillor to the Governor of Penang. McNair Street in George Town is named after him. He resigned his position in 1884 on medical grounds after a distinguished career in the Straits Settlements spanning many different positions (he had acted as Colonial Secretary in Singapore at one time) and locations (he was once in charge of artillery in Labuan).
His several missions to Siam (now Thailand) gained him familiarity with its King of Thailand and was conferred with the Order of the White Elephant by his majesty King of Siam. On 24 May 1879, he was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George
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# Yamaha FZR600
The **Yamaha FZR600** is a sports motorcycle produced by Yamaha between 1988 and 1996 (1999 in the USA). It was the successor to the FZ600 and was replaced by the Yamaha YZF600R in 1997. It had a steel Deltabox frame and swingarm, similar in appearance to the alloy Deltabox frame introduced three years earlier on the 1WG FZR400.
## The \"Deltabox\" frame Design {#the_deltabox_frame_design}
The Yamaha FZR600 engine was slanted forward in the frame. This was the basis of the Genesis engine and Delta Box frame concept, and helped to lower the center of gravity and help centralize mass. This layout allowed the real fuel tank to sit behind the cylinders, low between the frame rails, and further aided with lowering the center of gravity. Forward of this sat the airbox, with four 32 mm Mikuni downdraft carburetors, and all these assemblies were covered by a plastic cover dummy petrol tank.
## The 4-Valve design and the \"EXUP\" exhaust valve {#the_4_valve_design_and_the_exup_exhaust_valve}
Unlike the larger FZR models, which had featured three intake valves and two exhaust valves per cylinder, the FZR600 had a four valve per cylinder layout, necessitated by the different gas flow characteristics of the 600 cc engine over the 750 and 1,000 cc units in the FZR range. Many models came with the EXUP valve system, mandatory for units sold in California. This system located in the lower exhaust manifold helps maintain high back pressure at low engine speeds, and opens up more at higher engine speeds, giving the motor better mid-range power. The EXUP system was mainly found in US and some European models to compensate for the loss of power caused by emissions related modifications for those markets. Standard world market models produced 99 bhp, compared to about 91 bhp for EXUP equipped versions.
## Changes over the years {#changes_over_the_years}
The original steel-framed \'3HE\' FZR600 remained virtually unchanged throughout its production which began in 1988.
## 1990
In 1990, the rear wheel width was increased to 4 inches, which is up from the 3.5-inch wheel which was stock for the 1988-1989 models. In the same year the front brake calipers were upgraded to 4-piston units (as opposed to the 2-piston calipers on the 1988-1989 models).
## 1991-1992 {#section_1}
In 1991 the FZR received a single trapezoid headlamp to ape its FZR1000 EXUP sibling. The FZR also received a different swingarm, which was slightly fatter in profile. Aside from the minor mechanical changes, the paintwork and color schemes were the main change for each new model year, including the Vance and Hines special edition scheme that was available for 1992, of which only 636 were produced.
## 1993 {#section_2}
Yamaha ended up reverting to the twin round headlamp design for 1993.
## 1994 {#section_3}
In 1994 we saw the introduction of the 4JH model exclusively for the European and Asian markets, the main difference being the replacing of the twin circular headlights with the now famous twin \"Cats eyes\" style headlights that also happen to be found on the successor of the FZR600, the 1994-1996 YZF600R. Along with some minor bodywork changes in order to update the styling and accompany the new headlights
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# Verulam Township
The **Township of Verulam** was a rural municipality within the former Victoria County, now the city of Kawartha Lakes. It was bounded on the north by the geographic township of Somerville, the south by the geographic township of Emily, the west by the geographic township of Fenelon, and the east by the County of Peterborough. For the purposes of government, land surveying and reference, it is now properly referred to as the \"Geographic Township of Verulam\".
The township was ten concessions (each 7/8 mi wide) and thirty-two lots deep, and was surveyed on the Lake Ontario frontage system. Sturgeon Lake completely bisected the township from west to east.
Errors in surveying across the lake resulted in jogs in many of lot lines north of the lake in Concessions IV through X, and was the cause of the irregular northern boundary. The township also included parts of Concession XIX of the Geographic Township of Harvey which were isolated from the rest of that township by Pigeon Lake in the east.
The Township of Verulam was part of Peterborough County until 1850, when Victoria County was formed. It is now part of the City of Kawartha Lakes.
## Communities
- Bobcaygeon, former township seat
- Ancona Point
- Dunsford
- Greenhurst-Thurstonia
- Kenstone Beach
- Red Rock
- Sturgeon Point
## History
In 1818, six chiefs of the Mississauga First Nations met at Port Hope to sign a treaty to convey to the Crown all the land which is now City of Kawartha Lakes and Peterborough County for the sum of about £740.
Verulam Township was named for the Earl of Verulam, James Walter Grimston (1775 - 1845) who was the brother-in-law of Lord Liverpool, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1812 to 1827. The township was surveyed in 1831 by the government of Upper Canada and lots were first offered for sale in 1832, for 8 shillings per acre.
## Agriculture
Lumbering was the first important industry to be developed, as the township had abundant stands of white pine up until about 1904, when loggers moved northward into Haliburton and what is now Algonquin Park. Agriculture in various forms was also pursued with the land south of the lake most suitable for crops. Dairying is still an important industry: Kawartha Dairy Company, the last large remaining dairy in the area serving south central Ontario, is in operation at Bobcaygeon. The Verulam Agricultural Society founded in 1858, now the Bobcaygeon Agricultural Society, still meets and holds an annual Fall Fair at its Fairgrounds located on the main island of Bobcaygeon.
## Settlement
Settlement first occurred at Bobcaygeon, at the eastern end of the township with the 1832 arrival of Thomas Need from England. Thomas Need built a lumber and grist mill, laid out a village plot, founded a Post Office, and supervised the building of the first lock on the Trent-Severn Waterway. Several other notable settlements arose over the years, including the hamlet of Dunsford, the police village of Greenhurst-Thurstonia, and the police village of Sturgeon Point.
## Transportation
The lakes were important to early transportation, though lumber interests mostly controlled use of the waterway until the system was completed in 1920. The Trent-Severn Waterway was originally intended as a defensive and commercial route from the upper Great Lakes through to Lake Ontario, however delays to its completion through the railway- and highway-building eras have relegated the canal to purely pleasure-craft use. Today, the Trent-Severn Waterway is a National Historic Site of Canada under the jurisdiction of Parks Canada.
Water and corduroy roads were the entrance to Verulam Township until in 1879, the Victoria Railway (later the Canadian National Railway) was constructed between Lindsay and Haliburton, via Fell\'s Station in the northwest. In 1904, the Canadian Pacific Railway was completed to Bobcaygeon from Lindsay and Burketon Jct. Improvements to the highway system continued until the need for railways became redundant. The line to Bobcaygeon was abandoned in 1957. The railway through Fell\'s Station was abandoned in 1987 following the burning of the McLaren Creek bridge near Lindsay.
## Verulam Township today {#verulam_township_today}
Although there have been various lumbering, manufacturing, farming and mining operations within the township, today the primary industry is tourism. Settlement consists mostly of small farms, with concentrations of cottages along the shores of Sturgeon Lake. Many marinas are located on Sturgeon Lake, and a system of well-developed parks are available for day use
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# Madriu-Perafita-Claror Valley
The **Madriu-Perafita-Claror Valley** (*Vall del Madriu-Perafita-Claror*) is a glacial valley in the southeast of Andorra. It covers an area of 42.47 km^2^, approximately 9% of the total area of Andorra, and is part of the second largest watershed basin in Andorra. The isolated valley is recognised as a haven for rare or endangered wildlife, and the undeveloped valley has recently been considered to be the \"spiritual heart\" of Andorra. It became Andorra\'s first, and to date its only, UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2004, with a small extension in 2006.
## Overview
The valley is a glacial landscape, with high pastures, craggy cliffs, and steep wooded valleys. It is bounded by mountain ridges to the south, east and west, with the southern edge running along the border with Spain, and by an escarpment which drops away into the Valira valley to the north. It is isolated from the rest of Andorra, and can only be reached by tracks passable on foot. Dwellings, field terraces, tracks, and the remains of ironworking demonstrate the ways that the natural resources of the high Pyrenees were used by the local inhabitants over a period of over 700 years, through changes in climate,`{{Dubious|date=September 2009}}`{=mediawiki} economic prosperity, and social structures.
Two small settlements, Entremesaigües and Ramio, are situated in the narrow valley floor. Both were year-round settlements until the last 50 years, but both are now occupied only in the summer. There are 12 houses in all, constructed from local granite with schist roofs. Each house has a large barn for storage of grain and hay. The houses and the enclosed areas near the settlements are the only areas owned privately, accounting for approximately 1% of the area of the valley.
The settlements are surrounded by terraced fields, which were used to grow wheat and rye but now mostly for grazing. The higher fields are now giving way to forest, which also covers areas on the slopes where grape vines were grown in the Middle Ages. The forests, also owned communally, were managed to produce charcoal until the 19th century.
Iron smelting, using local iron ore, took place in valley, on the banks of the Madriu River. The forge, a so-called Catalan style forge typical of the Pyrenees, was abandoned in 1790.
The high pasture was grazed in the summer by sheep, cows and horses, with the land owned on a communal basis since the Middle Ages. Shepherds spend the summer in *borders*, small stone huts with turf roofs. The animals\' milk was used to make cheese.
Tracks link the valley to Roussillon to the east, the Languedoc to the north, and Catalonia to the south; tracks paved with flat stones connect the valley to the centre of Andorra.
After a period of neglect, many of the structures, such as the shepherds\' huts, trackways, and field boundary walls, have been restored in recent years. There are no plans to build an access road, and the land is intended to be developed as a distinctive area for farming of high-quality livestock, and for limited tourism.
Two of the GR footpaths pass through the valley, the GR 7 and GR 11, as well as the GRP circuit of Andorra. There are several refuges for hikers to stay the night, including some which are staffed in season
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# Rafael Little
**Rafael Little** (born September 23, 1986) is a former American football running back. He was signed by the Tennessee Titans as an undrafted free agent in 2008. He played college football at Kentucky.
Little has also been a member of the Winnipeg Blue Bombers and Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL).
## Statistics
Season Games Yards Attempts Touchdowns Average
----------- ------- ------- ---------- ------------ ---------
Freshman 9 437 53 4 5.0
Sophomore 11 1045 197 9 5.3
Junior 8 1094 140 6 4.8
Senior 10 1123 190 7 5
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# Raghunatha Shiromani
**Raghunatha Shiromani** (*রঘুনাথ শিরোমণি*, IAST: Raghunātha Śiromaṇi) (c. 1477--1547) was an Indian philosopher and logician. He was the head ( The Chancellor ) of the Ancient Mithila University also known as Mithila Vidyapeeth. He was born in a brahmin family at Nabadwip in present-day Nadia district of West Bengal state. He was the grandson of `{{IAST|Śulapāṇi}}`{=mediawiki} (c. 14th century CE), a noted writer on `{{IAST|[[Smṛti]]}}`{=mediawiki} from his mother\'s side. He was a pupil of Vāsudeva Sārvabhauma. He brought the new school of Nyaya, Navya Nyāya, representing the final development of Indian formal logic, to its zenith of analytic power.
Raghunatha\'s analysis of relations revealed the true nature of number, inseparable from the abstraction of natural phenomena, and his studies of metaphysics dealt with the negation or nonexistence of a complex reality. His most famous work in logic was the `{{IAST |Tattvacintāmaṇidīdhiti}}`{=mediawiki}, a commentary on the *Tattvacintāmaṇi* of `{{IAST |Gangeśa Upādhyāya}}`{=mediawiki}, founder of the *`{{IAST |Navya Nyāya}}`{=mediawiki}* school
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# Kristie Smith
**Kristie Lynn Smith** (born 7 August 1988) is an Australian professional golfer who plays on the Futures Tour and the Ladies European Tour.
She was the 2008 Australian Amateur Champion and was the low amateur in the 2008 MFS Women\'s Australian Open at Kingston Heath Golf Club, finishing at 1 under par in equal 5th place.
Smith turned pro at the end of 2009, earning playing privileges on the Futures Tour. In December 2009 she also qualified for the Ladies European Tour. She won her first tournament as a professional in January 2010 at the Canberra Ladies Classic on the ALPG Tour. She won her second pro tournament on 11 April 2010 at the Daytona Beach Invitational on the Futures Tour
| 124 |
Kristie Smith
| 0 |
10,997,733 |
# St Edward's College, East Gosford
**St Edward\'s College** is an independent Catholic secondary day school for boys, located in `{{NSWcity|East Gosford}}`{=mediawiki}, in the Central Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. The school was founded by the Congregation of Christian Brothers in 1953, who continue to run the school. Colloquially referred to as ***Eddies***, the College caters for boys from Year 7 to Year 12. St. Edward\'s is the only Catholic independent all-boys\' secondary school located on the NSW Central Coast. It has approximately 1,000 students and 100 staff.
## History
The school was opened in 1953 by the Congregation of Christian Brothers.
The Regal Theatre, in the city, was demolished in 1978 and the remains of the building were used as land fill for the College ovals.
In 2003, St Edward\'s College celebrated its 50th anniversary and on the day of its creation *Founders Day* used to be celebrated at the school with markets and games.
In 2013, St Edward\'s College celebrated its 60th anniversary.
In 2023, St Edward\'s College celebrated its 70th anniversary.
## Facilities
St Edward's covers a nine hectare site on the shores of Caroline Bay. The College has three multi-purpose ovals, other sporting facilities, a multipurpose hall/gymnasium known as the Edmund Rice Centre (or ERC), specialised technology and art facilities, computer laboratories, a library housing more than 7000 books, three music rooms in addition to 6 practical rooms and a purpose built food technology room.
## Academic arrangements {#academic_arrangements}
The College operate a year 7 Core programme where the students are placed in \'Core classes\'. Here the students have one teacher in the same room, for their core subjects of English, Religion and HSIE. They then go to their other subjects. This approach helps ease the transition from primary to high school.
## Co-curricular program {#co_curricular_program}
### Outdoor education {#outdoor_education}
St Edward\'s College runs an Outdoor Education programme through camps, which are held in Years 7 to 10. The programme provides a sequential course for the four years, developing skills of a higher order each year. Some of the activities conducted on these camps include archery, canoeing, \"deep and meaningful\" conversation sessions, sailing, windsurfing, abseiling, rock climbing, mountain biking, initiative challenges and fencing.
### Social justice {#social_justice}
The college has a significant emphasis on the concept of social justice and \'giving back\' to the community; and is described as a \'Central part of school life at St. Edwards\'. In 2002, teacher, Patrick \[Pack-a-day-Pat\] Dell introduced a programme called *The Waterford Project*, where boys from years 8-11 perform compulsory community service and offers a wide variety of activities to help students complete their hours. The Waterford Project is named for the city in Ireland where Edmund Ignatius Rice, the founder of the Christian Brothers\', began his work.
## Sport
- 2005 -- The school won its third state basketball title in four years.
- 2008 -- U/14 NSW Country Rugby Union Champions. Vincent Fester Shield Winners
- 2008 -- Final 16 of the [Arrive Alive Cup](https://web.archive.org/web/20080812050924/http://www.arrivealive.com.au/content.php/246.html) Rugby league competition
- 2012 -- U/16 NSW All Schools Rugby League Champions
- 2014 -- U/16 NSW rugby union sevens champions. Edu Connex Central Coast sevens \$1000 tournament winners.
## Notable alumni {#notable_alumni}
Upon leaving school, students are known as Old Boys and are able to join into the Old Boys Union, an organisation of ex-students that seeks to maintain the friendships created while at the College
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# Puffball (film)
***Puffball*** is a 2007 supernatural horror-thriller film directed by Nicolas Roeg, his final feature before his death in 2018. The script was adapted from Fay Weldon\'s 1980 novel of the same name by her son, Dan Weldon. The film was partially funded through the UK Film Council\'s New Cinema Fund. The film had its premiere at the Transilvania International Film Festival on 3 June 2007. The film was later released in Canada on 28 October 2007, and saw a limited release in the United States on 29 February 2008.
## Plot
Liffey, an ambitious young architect, moves to an isolated and eerie Irish valley to build a modern piece of architecture. The ruined cottage and land that she will use are a gift from her fiancé Richard, and is the former home of Molly, the elderly matriarch of a farming family living on the other side of the woods. Molly\'s daughter is Mabs, herself mother of three girls and wife to farmer Tucker. Now in her forties, Mabs wants another baby, a boy to inherit the farm -- or perhaps she just wants to be pregnant again.
Mabs and Molly use black magic to give Mabs a baby boy. But Liffey becomes pregnant after sleeping with both Richard and Tucker, causing everybody to believe that her baby is Tucker\'s. Mabs seeks Molly\'s help again to kill Liffey\'s baby with magic, making it look like a miscarriage. Mabs\'s elder daughter helps Liffey successfully fight the spell. In the end, Mabs is finally pregnant with her own child, a boy.
## Cast
- Kelly Reilly -- Liffey
- Miranda Richardson -- Mabs Tucker
- Rita Tushingham -- Molly
- Donald Sutherland -- Lars
- William Houston -- Tucker
- Oscar Pearce -- Richard
## Production
Although the novel upon which it was based was set in rural England, the film was filmed and set in Monaghan, Ireland. In a 2008 interview, Roeg says of the location, \"We shot in Ireland and without wishing to lean towards pretension or cliché there is a mysticism associated with the place\... The atmosphere and the locations were very important and yes, as with my other films, it does become something of a character in its own right.\"
## Reception
*The Guardian* reviewer Philip French wrote of the film, \"A curious mixture of *Cold Comfort Farm*, *Straw Dogs* and *Rosemary\'s Baby*, *Puffball* is certainly watchable.\" Blogcritics\'s Tony Dayoub was somewhat critical, writing \"*Puffball* peters out at the end. There is a lot of build-up, but no payoff to the frightening imagery which the movie employs,\" but adding \"There is enough to recommend a viewing of the film if you are a fan of Roeg\'s work.\"
Not Coming to a Theater Near You\'s Jason W was more negative, calling it, \"a confused film which reminds us that Roeg's best work will always remain his sexy masterpieces of the 1970s. Hints of Roeg's brilliance are in short supply\...\" The *Toronto Star\'s* Geoff Pevere was also highly critical, writing that the film is \"Hysterical when it\'s not merely ridiculous, and shot through with such signature Roegian distractions\... *Puffball* might well be titled for the hypothetical drug one might need to take in order to take it seriously
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# Leo Dupont
**Leo Dupont** (24 January 1797 -- 18 March 1876), also known as \"the holy man of Tours\" or \"the apostle of the Holy Face\", was a Roman Catholic layman who helped spread various devotions such as that of the Holy Face of Jesus and the nightly Eucharistic adoration. He was declared venerable by Pope Pius XII.
## Early life {#early_life}
Leon Papin Dupont was born 24 January 1797 on the family sugar plantation in Martinique. His father was Nicholas Dupont, a wealthy and slave-owning French planter, his mother was a creole from Martinique, Marie-Louise Gaigneron de Marolles. His father died when Leo was six years old. Leon was schooled in Martinique and then for two years at a boarding school in the United States while the French Revolution went on. He was then sent to France to further his education at the College of Pontlevoy, near the Chateau of Chissay, which belonged to his maternal uncle, the Comte Gaigneron de Marolles. He was religious from an early age, but along with his one brother Theobald he studied law in Paris. He had inherited a considerable fortune from his father.
During this period, Dupont met a number of religious figures including Saint Madeleine Sophie Barat, foundress of the Society of the Sacred Heart. Upon finishing his law degree, not having seen his mother for six years, he returned to Martinique, where he received an appointment as a councilor of the court. His younger brother Theobald died of a fever in 1823 when Leo was about twenty-four years old.
In 1827, Leo Dupont married Caroline d\'Andiffredi and, in 1832, they had a daughter, Henrietta. Caroline died about a year after Henrietta was born. After the death of his wife, Dupont and his mother moved to France and, in 1834, settled in Tours, where the physician Pierre Bretonneau was a neighbor. He also made the acquaintance of William Palmer. Dupont established a law practice and became administrator of the Cathedral property.
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