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# Dean Barrett
**Dean Barrett** (born 1942 in New London, Connecticut) is an American novelist, mystery writer and playwright. Most of his writing takes place in Asia, especially China and Thailand.
## Background
After graduating from university, Barrett joined the Army Security Agency and was trained as a Chinese translator. He served in Thailand and Taiwan with the 83rd RRSOU (Radio Research Special Operations Unit) during the Vietnam War. He then earned a master\'s degree in Asian Studies from the University of Hawaiʻi.
Barrett has made his home in Asia for more than 40 years, mostly in Hong Kong and Thailand. His writing on Asian themes has won him several awards, including the South Asia award for best play on the BBC Overseas Playwrights contest and the PATA Grand Prize for Excellence.
## Writing
Barrett is the author of several novels set in Asia - *Memoirs of a Bangkok Warrior*; *Hangman\'s Point* (Hong Kong); *Kingdom of Make-Believe* (Thailand); *Skytrain to Murder* (Thailand); \"Identity Theft\" (Thailand and Florida), *A Love Story: The China Memoirs of Thomas Rowley* (1862 China).
A mystery novel set in New York City, *Murder in China Red*, features a Chinese detective from Beijing. Barrett has also written a humorous travel book on China, *Don Quixote in China: The Search for Peach Blossom Spring*.
His latest books are *Murder at the Horny Toad Bar & Other Outrageous Tales of Thailand* and *The Go Go Dancer Who Stole My Viagra and Other Poetic Tragedies of Thailand*. *Dragon Slayer* is a book with three novellas on Chinese themes. His novel entitled, *Permanent Damage* is a sequel to *Skytrain to Murder*, a detective novel set in Thailand starring Scott Sterling. Several of Barrett\'s novels have been optioned for film. His latest novel is Pop Darrell\'s Last Case, a detective novel set in New York City but involving Chinese themes.
Barrett\'s plays have been performed in nine countries and his musical, *Fragrant Harbour*, set in 1857 Hong Kong, was selected by the National Alliance for Musical Theater to be staged on 42nd Street.
He wrote a satirical column for the *Hong Kong Standard* for five years under the name Uncle Yum Cha (\"Uncle Drink Tea\"). Barrett is one of the contributors to the highly successful *Bangkok Noir*, along with John Burdett, Stephen Leather, Christopher Moore and others. He has finished writing *Thieves Hamlet*, a sequel to *Hangman\'s Point*, also set in Hong Kong and southern China in 1857
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# 2006 Samoan general election
General elections were held in Samoa on 31 March 2006 to determine the composition of the 14th Parliament. The main contesting parties were that of incumbent Prime Minister Tuila`{{okina}}`{=mediawiki}epa Sa`{{okina}}`{=mediawiki}ilele Malielegaoi, of the Human Rights Protection Party (HRPP); and the Samoan Democratic United Party (SDUP). In addition, three other parties, the Christian Party (SCP), the Samoa Party (SP), and the Samoa Progressive Party (SPP), competed in the election. The result was a landslide victory for the HRPP, which won 33 of the 49 seats. The newly founded SDUP secured ten seats, and the remaining six were won by independents. After the election, three independents joined the HRPP, increasing the party\'s seat count to 36.
## Background
During the previous Samoan general election in 2001, the incumbent HRPP won 23 seats but fell short of a majority to form a government. The opposition Samoan National Development Party (SNDP) won 13 seats, whilst the newly founded Samoan United People\'s Party secured a single seat, and independents won the rest. Le Mamea Ropati became the SNDP leader, following Tui Ātua Tupua Tamasese Efi\'s resignation. The HRPP was able to remain in power due to the support of independents. Following the election, certain independents formed the Samoan United Independents party (SUIP). In December 2003, the SNDP and the SUIP merged to form the Samoan Democratic United Party, with Le Mamea Ropati as its leader and Asiata Sale\'imoa Va\'ai, previously leader of the SUIP, as deputy leader.
## Electoral system {#electoral_system}
During the time of the 2006 election, Samoa\'s legislative assembly was composed of 49 seats, each serving a five-year term. 47 of the 49 members of parliament were elected from electoral constituencies, whilst the remaining two were elected through independent voters. Candidates were elected using First past the post voting.
Only Matai *(chiefs)* were permitted to contest any of the 47 constituencies, whilst the other two seats were open to all individuals. Once the final election results are confirmed, the leader of the majority party is appointed prime minister by the O le Ao o le Malo (head of state). The O le Ao o le Malo then appoints cabinet ministers on the advice of the prime minister.
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# 2006 Samoan general election
## Campaign
The incumbent HRPP government campaigned on the economy, specifically on the economic growth of five per cent, which occurred in 2005. The HRPP also promised to continue development projects if re-elected. The ruling party pledged to proceed with developing roads, schools and the overall education system and tourism by upgrading hotels and advances in agriculture, specifically in crops and livestock. The party also emphasised Cultural preservation and vowed to construct more sports venues for the upcoming South Pacific Games. Tuila\'epa predicted the HRPP would secure a two-thirds majority.
The opposition SDUP, on the other hand, led by Le Mamea Ropati, a former HRPP cabinet minister, attacked the HRPP for its past corruption scandals and highlighted the high cost of living. The SDUP pledged to remove the Value Added Goods and Services Tax from essential food items, which they said was the cause of a price hike. Le Mamea claimed that the HRPP would increase the tax if re-elected. The SDUP also attacked the ruling party for causing the national doctors\' strike. This strike arose after the HRPP government began to implement a 42% salary increase for civil servants, which was to occur in a series of phases over three years but declined to raise wages for individuals in the health care sector. The Samoan Medical Association was also outraged at the government for this action since they had proposed an increase for doctors in 2004. Despite the SDUP scrutinising the ruling party for the strike, these attacks did little to lower the HRPP\'s vote count at the ballot box.
The Samoan Christian Party was led into the election by Tuala Falenaoti Tiresa Malietoa, the first woman to lead a political party in Samoan history and the wife of the O le Ao o le Malo, Malietoa Tanumafili II. The Christian party, whose executives were solely composed of women, sought to promote development in all sectors of Samoan society. Tuala stated \"\...from the beginning of time, the Samoan women have been free and uninhibited in our own cultural organisation. We bring in a new perspective and a new and a fresh attitude to national governance and national development.\"
The Samoa Progressive Party ran a single candidate, former cabinet minister Toalepaiali\'i Toesulusulu Siueva Pose II. Toalepaiali\'i criticised the HRPP government for its focus on roads when exports had decreased, which he said had the potential to undermine the benefits of road development. The party campaigned on prioritising education and catering to the needs of citizens, particularly mental and physical development.
The Samoa Party (SP) was founded and led by former auditor-general Su\'a Rimoni Ah Chong. He gained international attention as auditor-general after exposing widespread corruption within the HRPP government during the tenure of former prime minister Tofilau Eti Alesana. The party focused on government reform and anti-corruption and intended to establish free education, which Su\'a said would fulfil compulsory education. The SP promised to combat corruption by implementing a two-term limit for the premiership and restoring the autonomy of watchdog institutions as part of a \"good governance\" agenda.
## Opinion polling {#opinion_polling}
### Voting intention {#voting_intention}
Pollster Date Sample size HRPP SP SPP SDUP SCP Undecided
---------------- ------------------ ------------- ----------- ------ ------ ----------- ------ -----------
Samoa Observer 19 March 2006 200 **54.0%** 3.0% 7.0% 28.9% 2.5% 8.0%
Samoa Observer 19 February 2006 200 35.5% 9.0% **45.0%**
Samoa Observer 14 January 2006 200 32.0% 6.5% 4.0% **43.0%** 5.5% 9.0%
### Preferred prime minister {#preferred_prime_minister}
Pollster Date Sample size Tuila{{okina}}epa Sa{{okina}}ilele Malielegaoi Su\'a Rimoni Ah Chong Le Mamea Ropati Other Undecided
---------------- --------------- ------------- ------------------------------------------------ ----------------------- ----------------- ------- -----------
Samoa Observer December 2005 200 27% 13.5% **40.5%** 19% 4%
## Conduct
In December 2005, Tuila\'epa announced that the election would take place on 24 February 2006. However, Tuila`{{okina}}`{=mediawiki}epa later delayed the election and changed the date several times before settling on 31 March 2006. SDUP leader Le Mamea Ropati criticised the government for the date modifications and questioned if they intended to have an election at all.
Prime minister Tuila`{{okina}}`{=mediawiki}epa proposed in January 2006 the introduction of a residency requirement of at least three years to be eligible to vote, which only applied to candidates at the time. Le Mamea dismissed the proposal as a \"ploy\" to undermine Samoan voters in other countries, which he said primarily backed the SDUP. Tanuvasa Isitolo Lemisio, the electoral commissioner, later confirmed that the current law, which permitted citizens and dual citizens residing overseas to vote as long as they were registered, would remain intact.
Campaigning ceased at 6:30 pm on 30 March, and polling stations opened the following day at 9 am local time.
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# 2006 Samoan general election
## Results
The HRPP secured 33 seats, while the SDUP won ten and independent candidates won six. However, results in the Fa\'asalele\'aga 3 constituency produced a tie between the top two candidates, incumbent member Unasa Mesi Galo of the HRPP and the SDUP\'s Tofa Eteuati Si\'itia, both with 356 votes each. Unasa prevailed following a subsequent recount.
### Results by constituency {#results_by_constituency}
Source:
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''Tuisugaletaua Sofara Aveau'''
|votes = '''781'''
|percentage = '''36.2'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Maposua Fealofani
|votes = 760
|percentage = 35.3
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Tofele Lata Tavui
|votes = 587
|percentage = 27.2
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoa Party
|candidate = Tupuanai Avaioi Imoasina
|votes = 29
|percentage = 1.3
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 2,156
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''Anauli Pofitu Fesili'''
|votes = '''1,422'''
|percentage = '''20.4'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = '''Sililoto Tolo Tuaifaiva'''
|votes = '''1,322'''
|percentage = '''19.0'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = [[Patu Ativalu]]
|votes = 1,286
|percentage = 18.4
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Taumanupepe Keleso
|votes = 757
|percentage = 10.9
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Siligatusa Semi Lesa
|votes = 618
|percentage = 8.9
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Tafemalii Suluvale Alofoe
|votes = 579
|percentage = 8.3
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoa Party
|candidate = Letaa Tanielu
|votes = 417
|percentage = 6.0
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Tuiletufuga Siaosi Tuiletufuga
|votes = 284
|percentage = 4.1
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Christian Party (Samoa)
|candidate = Sagauga Sabu Utaileuo
|votes = 109
|percentage = 1.6
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 6,974
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''Manuleleua Lalagofaatasi Falaniko Leleua'''
|votes = '''331'''
|percentage = '''73.4'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Lepou Petelo II
|votes = 120
|percentage = 26.6
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 451
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = '''[[Lealailepule Rimoni Aiafi]]'''
|votes = '''795'''
|percentage = '''32.4'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Ulu Vaomalo Ulu Kini
|votes = 630
|percentage = 25.7
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = [[Ale Vena Ale]]
|votes = 545
|percentage = 22.2
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Panoa Easter Ah Kuoi
|votes = 255
|percentage = 10.4
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Seiuli Saoaumaga Lino
|votes = 129
|percentage = 5.3
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Ulugia Aukuso Ulugia
|votes = 98
|percentage = 4.0
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 2,452
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = '''Solamalemalo Keneti Sio'''
|votes = '''738'''
|percentage = '''30.0'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Patea Satini Epati
|votes = 555
|percentage = 22.6
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Leatupue Pili
|votes = 365
|percentage = 14.9
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Muaiava Tuaitino Umu Toeava
|votes = 343
|percentage = 14.0
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Faumuina Laneselota
|votes = 270
|percentage = 11.0
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Polutele Solomona Matiu
|votes = 75
|percentage = 3.1
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Moala Samasoni Pomare
|votes = 72
|percentage = 2.9
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoa Party
|candidate = Tupai Kelly
|votes = 38
|percentage = 1.5
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 2,456
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = '''Muagututagata Peter Ah Him'''
|votes = '''980'''
|percentage = '''40.5'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Taliaoa Pita Ulia
|votes = 658
|percentage = 27.2
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Fata Saifoloi
|votes = 434
|percentage = 17.9
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Luafatasaga Maanaima Sega
|votes = 252
|percentage = 10.4
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Saena Tialino Penaia II
|votes = 95
|percentage = 3.9
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 2,419
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''Toleafoa Apulu Fa'afisi'''
|votes = '''653'''
|percentage = '''16.6'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''Aiono Tile Gafa'''
|votes = '''531'''
|percentage = '''13.5'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Maiava Visekota Peteru
|votes = 460
|percentage = 11.7
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Suemalo Lipa Vaoga
|votes = 420
|percentage = 10.7
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Leaupepetele Denis Leaupepetele
|votes = 386
|percentage = 9.8
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Sauvao Taueva Sio Vaauli
|votes = 363
|percentage = 9.2
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Suafoa Fuimaono Lautasi II
|votes = 334
|percentage = 8.5
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoa Party
|candidate = Semaoa Feausi
|votes = 325
|percentage = 8.3
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Christian Party (Samoa)
|candidate = Fesolai Logomalieimatagi Tepa Toloa
|votes = 222
|percentage = 5.6
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoa Party
|candidate = Leofo Aipovi Aiono
|votes = 193
|percentage = 4.9
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Talamatavao Malua
|votes = 49
|percentage = 1.2
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 3,936
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
| 1,386 |
2006 Samoan general election
| 2 |
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# 2006 Samoan general election
## Results
### Results by constituency {#results_by_constituency}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''[[Tolofuaivalelei Falemoe Lei’ataua]]'''
|votes = '''425'''
|percentage = '''36.0'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Tulilo Paulo Leutele
|votes = 350
|percentage = 29.7
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Agaseata Livi
|votes = 119
|percentage = 10.1
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoa Party
|candidate = Lemaluafaitoaga Sauni Felise
|votes = 104
|percentage = 8.8
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Amiatu Sagato Amiatu
|votes = 92
|percentage = 7.8
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Samoa Pita
|votes = 90
|percentage = 7.6
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 1,180
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''Vaeolenofoafia Tapasu'''
|votes = '''654'''
|percentage = '''30.9'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoa Progressive Political Party
|candidate = Toalepaialii Siu Pose Salesa III
|votes = 515
|percentage = 24.4
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Fagafagamanualii Theresa McCarthy
|votes = 246
|percentage = 11.6
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Manu Taialofa Tuitofa Naseri
|votes = 238
|percentage = 11.3
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Talimatasi Setu
|votes = 187
|percentage = 8.8
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Aanamaaitu Pasitale Afamasaga
|votes = 172
|percentage = 8.1
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Letelemaaana Talalelei
|votes = 102
|percentage = 4.8
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 2,114
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = '''[[Mulipola Oliva]]'''
|votes = '''819'''
|percentage = '''32.8'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Vaatiuola Lautolo Misi
|votes = 690
|percentage = 27.6
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Levaa Sauaso
|votes = 498
|percentage = 19.9
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Leiataualesa Vaiao
|votes = 225
|percentage = 9.0
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Taimalelagi Naotala
|votes = 158
|percentage = 6.3
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Lesa Tominiko Lesa Niko
|votes = 80
|percentage = 3.2
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Leiataualesa Niko Fidow
|votes = 27
|percentage = 1.1
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 2,497
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''[[Misa Telefoni Retzlaff]]'''
|votes = '''852'''
|percentage = '''76.2'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Olomoutu Salapu Asalele
|votes = 266
|percentage = 23.8
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 1,118
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = '''[[Le Mamea Ropati]]'''
|votes = '''1114'''
|percentage = '''55.5'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Masinalupe Tusipa Masinalupe
|votes = 565
|percentage = 28.2
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Iputau Sami Lemalu
|votes = 302
|percentage = 15.0
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Taloaina Moana Tuala Tamalelagi
|votes = 26
|percentage = 1.3
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 2,007
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''[[Palusalue Fa{{okina}}apo II]]'''
|votes = '''1019'''
|percentage = '''20.9'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = '''Tuia Pua Fuatogi Letoa'''
|votes = '''897'''
|percentage = '''18.4'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Auseugaefa Tuvaifale Vaasatia Poloma Komiti
|votes = 867
|percentage = 17.8
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Seve Sung Chan Chui
|votes = 756
|percentage = 15.5
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Leota-Suatele Manusegi Suatele
|votes = 590
|percentage = 12.1
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoa Party
|candidate = Toeta Toafa
|votes = 519
|percentage = 10.7
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Seve Leu Ruta Tofaeono
|votes = 219
|percentage = 4.5
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 4,867
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''[[Tuu'u Anasi'i Leota]]'''
|votes = '''679'''
|percentage = '''56.9'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Tupuola Tevaseu Mano Sola Siaosi Hunt
|votes = 481
|percentage = 40.3
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Afoa Fetulima Nonu
|votes = 33
|percentage = 2.8
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 1,193
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''Tuiloma Lameko'''
|votes = '''1186'''
|percentage = '''20.5'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = '''[[Fuimaono Naoia Tei]]'''
|votes = '''1065'''
|percentage = '''18.4'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Tusa Misi Tupuola
|votes = 931
|percentage = 16.1
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Fuimaono Puleimanufiu Faasopo
|votes = 883
|percentage = 15.3
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Fuimaono Esera Rimoni
|votes = 748
|percentage = 12.9
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Alaimoana Esau Ropati
|votes = 480
|percentage = 8.3
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Leilua Punivalu
|votes = 218
|percentage = 3.8
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoa Party
|candidate = Talauega Lafi
|votes = 106
|percentage = 1.8
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Fuimaono Naoia Fereti Tupua
|votes = 96
|percentage = 1.7
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Fonoti Faagalu Taeao-o-alii
|votes = 73
|percentage = 1.3
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 5,786
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
| 1,369 |
2006 Samoan general election
| 3 |
10,999,048 |
# 2006 Samoan general election
## Results
### Results by constituency {#results_by_constituency}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''[[Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa]]'''
|votes = '''481'''
|percentage = '''65.1'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Fata Siaosi
|votes = 257
|percentage = 34.8
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 738
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''[[Tuila{{okina}}epa Sa{{okina}}ilele Malielegaoi]]'''
|votes = Unopposed
|percentage =
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''Taua Kitiona Seuala'''
|votes = '''676'''
|percentage = '''66.1'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Fuataga Kasimani
|votes = 332
|percentage = 32.5
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Christian Party (Samoa)
|candidate = Lavatai Mailagi
|votes = 14
|percentage = 1.4
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 1,022
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = '''Paepae Kapeli Sua'''
|votes = '''731'''
|percentage = '''43.0'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Tautoloitua Farani Posala
|votes = 627
|percentage = 36.9
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Utuga Faamanatu Faaaliga
|votes = 258
|percentage = 15.2
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoa Party
|candidate = Tauiliili Joe Kolose Fruean
|votes = 62
|percentage = 3.6
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Letiu Elisapeta Tali Lee
|votes = 23
|percentage = 1.4
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 1,701
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''Leao Talalelei Tuitama'''
|votes = '''369'''
|percentage = '''24.5'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Togiai Fuatau Eteuati Faiilagi
|votes = 365
|percentage = 24.3
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Taito Aliifaalogo Faitele
|votes = 348
|percentage = 23.1
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Leniu Fea Tionisio Seinafolava Hunt
|votes = 269
|percentage = 17.9
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Leilua Tavas Leota
|votes = 153
|percentage = 10.2
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 1,504
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''Moefaauo Lufilufi'''
|votes = '''628'''
|percentage = '''35.0'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Savea Sione
|votes = 617
|percentage = 34.4
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Lealaisalanoa Francis Hugo Siliva Nickel
|votes = 312
|percentage = 17.4
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoa Party
|candidate = Fogamomi Tomanogi Sapati Moeono
|votes = 211
|percentage = 11.7
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Faamatuainu Tala Mailei
|votes = 28
|percentage = 1.6
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 1,796
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''Fonotoe Pierre Lauofo'''
|votes = '''1149'''
|percentage = '''55.0'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = [[Leota Leuluaiali'i Ituau Ale]]
|votes = 834
|percentage = 39.9
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoa Party
|candidate = Manu Falaula
|votes = 105
|percentage = 5.0
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 2,088
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''[[Gatoloaifaana Amataga Alesana-Gidlow]]'''
|votes = '''710'''
|percentage = '''14.7'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''Tiata Pulufana Saunoa'''
|votes = '''707'''
|percentage = '''14.6'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Tuilimu Manuele Paletasala
|votes = 614
|percentage = 12.7
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Tofilau Tauvaga
|votes = 437
|percentage = 9.0
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Fiu Loimata II
|votes = 389
|percentage = 8.0
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Leauanae Makiasi S
|votes = 352
|percentage = 7.3
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Leaana Sosaiete
|votes = 308
|percentage = 6.4
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Pauli Taavili
|votes = 302
|percentage = 6.2
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Tofilau Saolele
|votes = 271
|percentage = 5.6
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Pipi Samasina
|votes = 264
|percentage = 5.5
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Sili Alapati
|votes = 177
|percentage = 3.7
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Leota Semisi
|votes = 165
|percentage = 3.4
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Tofilau Semeli Sinai
|votes = 120
|percentage = 2.5
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 4,834
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''Pau Sefo Pau'''
|votes = '''505'''
|percentage = '''32.5'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Leasnapapa Laki
|votes = 459
|percentage = 29.5
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Papalii Memea Samuelu Petaia
|votes = 419
|percentage = 26.9
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Tuilagi Iakopo James Bartley
|votes = 150
|percentage = 9.6
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = [[Namulau’ulu Vavae Tuilagi]]
|votes = 23
|percentage = 1.5
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 1,556
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
| 1,273 |
2006 Samoan general election
| 4 |
10,999,048 |
# 2006 Samoan general election
## Results
### Results by constituency {#results_by_constituency}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''Unasa Mesi Galo'''
|votes = '''367'''
|percentage = '''25.4'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Tofa Eteuati Siitia
|votes = 361
|percentage = 25.0
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Unasa Felise Moors
|votes = 281
|percentage = 19.5
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Sua Ioelu
|votes = 195
|percentage = 13.5
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Tooala Tulouna
|votes = 163
|percentage = 11.3
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Toala Tanielu
|votes = 77
|percentage = 0.5
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 1,444
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''Mulitalo Sealiimalietoa Siafausa Vui'''
|votes = '''689'''
|percentage = '''60.7'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoa Party
|candidate = '''[[Su'a Rimoni Ah Chong]]'''
|votes = 436
|percentage = 38.4
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Peseta Senio Lauvao
|votes = 10
|percentage = 0.9
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 1,135
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''Sala Fata Pinati'''
|votes = '''1068'''
|percentage = '''64.3'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoa Party
|candidate = Sala Vaimili II Uili Ioane
|votes = 490
|percentage = 29.5
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Christian Party (Samoa)
|candidate = [[Tuala Falenaoti Tiresa Malietoa]]
|votes = 103
|percentage = 6.2
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 1,661
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = '''Levaopolo Talatonu Va’ai'''
|votes = '''393'''
|percentage = '''41.9'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Faasootauloa Pati
|votes = 388
|percentage = 41.4
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoa Party
|candidate = Toiaivao Faimafili Lauano
|votes = 150
|percentage = 16.0
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Saofia Omeli Sealiimalietoa
|votes = 7
|percentage = 0.7
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 938
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = '''Galuvao Viliamu Sepulona'''
|votes = '''481'''
|percentage = '''37.4'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Leota Lu II
|votes = 464
|percentage = 36.1
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Seuamuli Sapio Tooala
|votes = 255
|percentage = 19.8
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Maiava Faafuata
|votes = 89
|percentage = 6.9
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 1,285
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''Tuilo'a Anitelea'''
|votes = '''366'''
|percentage = '''38.7'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Gaina Aukusitino
|votes = '''297'''
|percentage = '''31.4'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Peseta Toleafoa Lua Nafoi
|votes = 254
|percentage = 26.8
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Gaono Silino
|votes = 29
|percentage = 3.1
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 946
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''Safuneituuga Paaga Neri'''
|votes = '''404'''
|percentage = '''31.4'''
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Sooalo Siliga
|votes = 289
|percentage = 22.5
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Faalafeitele Alofiotaoa Natuitasina Tugaga
|votes = 277
|percentage = 21.5
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Mamea Minnie lofa Tumanuvao Matalavea
|votes = 109
|percentage = 8.5
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoa Party
|candidate = Feo Nemaia Esau
|votes = 90
|percentage = 7.0
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Manuta Lavamaile
|votes = 69
|percentage = 5.4
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Fui Tifaga
|votes = 49
|percentage = 3.8
|change = }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 1,287
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''[[La'auli Leuatea Polataivao]]'''
|votes = '''593'''
|percentage = '''60.9'''
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Segi Usufono Tauanae
|votes = 294
|percentage = 30.2
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoa Party
|candidate = Polataivao Ila Matagi
|votes = 77
|percentage = 7.9
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Polataivao Savelio
|votes = 5
|percentage = 0.5
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Tupaimanaia Ioane
|votes = 4
|percentage = 0.4
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 973
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = '''[[Va'ai Papu Vailupe]]'''
|votes = '''1095'''
|percentage = '''52.9'''
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Masoe Toga Potoi
|votes = 802
|percentage = 38.8
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Lealiifanolevalevale Iopu Tanielu
|votes = 154
|percentage = 7.4
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 2,069
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
| 1,174 |
2006 Samoan general election
| 5 |
10,999,048 |
# 2006 Samoan general election
## Results
### Results by constituency {#results_by_constituency}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = '''Motuopuaa Uifagasa Aisoli'''
|votes = '''597'''
|percentage = '''44.5'''
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Toleafoa Mauteni Tamasone Metuli II Esera
|votes = 449
|percentage = 33.4
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Valasi Togamaga Tafito Selesele
|votes = 297
|percentage = 22.1
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 1,343
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = '''[[Aeau Peniamina]]'''
|votes = '''634'''
|percentage = '''73.1'''
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Solia Sefo Kalolo
|votes = 167
|percentage = 19.3
|change }}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Gisa Fuatai Purcell
|votes = 66
|percentage = 7.6
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 867
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = '''Lafaitele Patrick Leiataualesa'''
|votes = '''421'''
|percentage = '''37.6'''
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Seuula Ioane
|votes = 381
|percentage = 34.0
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Tuaiaufai Latu
|votes = 256
|percentage = 22.8
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Lolomatausama Siuola
|votes = 63
|percentage = 5.6
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 1,121
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''Tapuai Sepulona Moamanu'''
|votes = '''861'''
|percentage = '''26.9'''
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''Toomata Alapati Toomata'''
|votes = '''781'''
|percentage = '''24.4'''
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Leilua Manuao
|votes = 626
|percentage = 19.6
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Tapuai Toese
|votes = 417
|percentage = 13.0
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoa Party
|candidate = Muagutuia Mose
|votes = 354
|percentage = 11.0
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoa Party
|candidate = Afualo Pule Afualo
|votes = 162
|percentage = 5.1
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 3,201
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = '''Taua Falaimo'''
|votes = '''681'''
|percentage = '''37.8'''
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Afoa Faleulu Mauli
|votes = 498
|percentage = 27.7
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Amituanai Tausisi
|votes = 260
|percentage = 14.4
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Tamala Uilisone Leuluaialii
|votes = 213
|percentage = 11.8
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Leilua Tutogi
|votes = 148
|percentage = 8.2
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 1,800
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = '''[[Asiata Sale'imoa Va'ai]]'''
|votes = '''591'''
|percentage = '''43.6'''
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Selesele Tanielu Asiata
|votes = 565
|percentage = 41.6
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Tavui Iose Gray
|votes = 201
|percentage = 14.8
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 1,357
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = '''Toluono Feti'''
|votes = '''585'''
|percentage = '''36.7'''
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Laulu Ianeta Tui Laulu
|votes = 544
|percentage = 34.1
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Leituala Tuuaga II
|votes = 351
|percentage = 22.0
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Seumanufagai Pueleo
|votes = 88
|percentage = 5.5
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = Autagavaia Lave
|votes = 28
|percentage = 1.8
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 1,596
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''Taua Falaimo'''
|votes = '''1103'''
|percentage = '''69.6'''
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Le Tagaloa Pita
|votes = 481
|percentage = 30.4
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 1,584
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''[[Tapunuu Niko Lee Hang]]'''
|votes = '''1040'''
|percentage = '''30.5'''
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Human Rights Protection Party
|candidate = '''Hans Joachim Keil'''
|votes = '''725'''
|percentage = '''21.3'''
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Wilson Edward Lotasiano
|votes = 414
|percentage = 12.1
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Jensen Taimang
|votes = 389
|percentage = 11.4
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoa Party
|candidate = Craig Farell
|votes = 357
|percentage = 10.5
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoa Party
|candidate = Godinet Hymel Joseph
|votes = 284
|percentage = 8.3
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Samoan Democratic United Party
|candidate = Michael Edward Hunt
|votes = 101
|percentage = 3.0
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Christian Party (Samoa)
|candidate = Silva Meleane Elaine
|votes = 100
|percentage = 2.9
|change }}`{=mediawiki}\
`{{Election box turnout no change|
|votes = 3,410
|percentage =
|change =
}}`{=mediawiki}
| 1,153 |
2006 Samoan general election
| 6 |
10,999,048 |
# 2006 Samoan general election
## Aftermath
Three independents decided to join the HRPP upon their electoral triumph, increasing the ruling party\'s seat share to 36.
Following the HRPP\'s victory, prime minister Tuila`{{okina}}`{=mediawiki}epa promised to focus on the \"well-being of the people\". He expressed, \"We have very little natural resources, so the yeoman asset is so important to us. We will concentrate on improving the education of our people as well as \[their\] health.\" Tuila`{{okina}}`{=mediawiki}epa and deputy prime minister Misa Telefoni Retzlaff, were comfortably re-elected as leader and deputy leader of the HRPP respectively by the party caucus.
The results took the opposition SDUP by surprise, as polling earlier in 2006 predicted a comfortable victory for the party. Opposition leader Le Mamea announced that the party would assess how to proceed; the number of seats the party won was similar to that before the dissolution of the 13th Parliament. Le Mamea stated, \"several weeks before the election we were right up at the top of the polls. Even myself as the preferred prime minister and the party as the ruling party. People needed a change. That is what I meant when I said we were very surprised. We did not anticipate this result.\"
The leader of the Samoa Progressive Party, Toalepaiali\'i, blamed the opposition parties\' losses on bribery on the part of the HRPP and claimed that prime minister Tuila`{{okina}}`{=mediawiki}epa was knowledgeable about the matter. Tuila`{{okina}}`{=mediawiki}epa denied these assertions and attributed his party\'s landslide victory to economic growth, as well as an alleged flawless record of improving the standard of living. He also stated that the opposition parties \"had themselves to blame\" for failing to attain more seats and said that the SDUP\'s attack strategy did not bode well for voters. Tuila`{{okina}}`{=mediawiki}epa encouraged them to hold party conferences to analyse errors made in the election.
Ten candidates filed election petitions alleging various irregularities. Three of these were subsequently withdrawn, and five went to trial, of which three were eventually upheld. Fa\'asalele\'aga No. 2 MP Pau Sefo Pau was deprived of his seat after being found guilty of four counts of bribery and one of treating. The petitioner, Leanapapa Laki, was also convicted of ten counts of bribery. In Aleipata Itupa-I-Lalo, Paepae Kapeli Su\'a was found guilty of two counts of bribery, while the petitioner was found guilty of three counts of bribery and three of treating. And in Fa\'asalele\'aga No. 4, Mulitalo Vui Siafausa was convicted of bribery after making a gift of fine mats to a village outside his constituency. The petitioner, Samoa Party leader Su\'a Rimoni Ah Chong was also convicted of bribery for giving someone money and a television set. All those convicted were deprived of their seats and barred from standing in the subsequent by-elections.
The parliamentary session was officially opened by the O le Ao o le Malo, Malietoa Tanumafili II, on 30 May 2006
| 480 |
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| 7 |
10,999,060 |
# Saska Kępa
**Saska Kępa** (`{{IPA|pl|ˈsaska ˈkɛmpa}}`{=mediawiki}, *Saxon Meadow*) is a neighbourhood in Warsaw, Poland, part of the Praga Południe (South Praga) district, with a population of over 40.000 inhabitants. It is also the home to one of Warsaw\'s largest urban parks, the Skaryszew Park. The neighbourhood is mostly occupied by semi-detached suburban houses and villas.
## History
In the seventeenth century, an area of the (eastern) bank of the Vistula River opposite Warsaw was turned into a military camp. This area became known as Saska Kępa (\'Saxon meadow\') after the Saxon Guards of the Kings of Poland stationed there in the eighteenth century. The area retained its rural character until the early twentieth century. It officially became part of the city of Warsaw in 1916, and quickly became one of the fastest-growing areas of the city. During the 1920s and 1930s members of Warsaw\'s growing middle class built mansions in the suburb and the area became a popular residential area.
The location of Saska Kępa on the east bank of the Vistula, allowed the district to escape the systematic destruction inflicted during and after the Warsaw Uprising of 1944. The area also largely escaped urban redevelopment by communist authorities after World War II, despite several plans to industrialise it. This allowed the suburb, now a district of Praga Południe to retain much of its original peaceful character. It has historically housed many foreign embassies and consulates, nestled among streets that were named in the 1920s after continents, nations, and major world cities.
Francuska Street is today the main commercial street, and is lined with shops and increasingly large numbers of restaurants.
The \"front door\" to the district is Rondo Waszyngtona, a roundabout named after George Washington, which links the suburb via the Poniatowski Bridge to the Warsaw city centre by road and tram. The north side of the roundabout hosts the Polish National Stadium, formerly the 10th Anniversary Stadium.
Several controversial apartment complexes have sprung up within Saska Kępa, but no further major construction projects are being considered for fear they would damage the unique character of the area. Many of the older homes in Saska Kępa were remodelled in the late 1990s and early 2000s, but most were restored in a manner consistent with the pre-World War II character of the district
| 384 |
Saska Kępa
| 0 |
10,999,063 |
# Victor Bulmer-Thomas
**Victor Bulmer-Thomas** CMG OBE is a British academic who has specialised in Latin America and the Caribbean. Born in London, his first experience of the Americas was as a V.S.O. in Belize (1966/7), where he taught several of the future leaders of the country. He studied at New College, Oxford University for his undergraduate degree, where he obtained a first. In 1975 he graduated with a DPhil from St Antony\'s College, Oxford, with an original dissertation on Costa Rica where he pioneered the concept of constructing databases from primary sources and applying them to Latin American economic history. While at university, he became involved in left-wing student politics.
## Academic career {#academic_career}
### Early years in Scotland {#early_years_in_scotland}
His first academic post was at the Fraser of Allander Institute for Research on the Scottish Economy at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow. He was one of the first to be appointed to this new Institute, where he worked with a team of economists building a model of the Scottish economy that required the construction of an input-output model. While at the Institute, he also worked as a consultant to the Moroccan government. where he applied his knowledge and use of input-output tables.
His first published works were on the Scottish economy, including a study of the household savings rate and the Scottish balance of payments on the eve of oil production. However, his experience in the field of input-output analysis (he also built an input-output table for Guatemala) led to the publication of his first book with a foreword by the Nobel laureate Wassily Leontief (Input-Output Analysis for Developing Countries: Sources, Methods and Applications, 1982).
### London
He moved from Scotland in 1978 to take up a post as lecturer in Development Economics at Queen Mary College (now Queen Mary) at London University. Here he undertook research on Latin America and was invited to take part in a study group on Latin America in the 1930s. Working on Central America, he found it necessary to construct the national accounts for the five countries of the region from 1920 onwards. This led to the publication in 1987 of *The Political Economy of Central America since 1920*.
He was the guest editor of a special issue of the *Journal of Latin American Studies on Central America* published in 1983, and he joined the editorial board in 1984 -- a post he held without interruption for 25 years. From 1986--97 he was also editor of the *Journal of Latin American Studies*. In 1988 he launched a Masters in Economics with special reference to Latin America at Queen Mary, which attracted many students from the region. In 1988 he became Reader in Economics of Latin America, the first person to hold that title in the United Kingdom, and in 1990 he was promoted to Professor of Economics. Two years later, he became the Director of London University\'s Institute of Latin American Studies, although he remained attached to Queen Mary. During his six years as Director, the Institute flourished and received a 5\* (the highest ranking) in the Research Assessment Exercise. It was during this time as Director that he published his best known book The Economic History of Latin America since Independence. This has now been translated into Spanish, Japanese and Chinese and went into a third edition in 2014. While Director, he received honours from the governments of Brazil and Colombia as well as an OBE from the British government in recognition of his role in building up the reputation of the Institute.
He retired as Director in 1998, but remained on the staff of the Institute of Latin American Studies as Senior Research Fellow. It was during this time that he began to take an interest in the economic history of the Caribbean. However, this research was interrupted when he became the Director of Chatham House, the London home of the Royal Institute of International Affairs in 2001. Whilst at Chatham House, he introduced the Chatham House Prize, an annual award presented to a leading international statesperson He supervised the first award in 2005 and, importantly, set the template that has ensured its ongoing success. Having by then published 20 books as sole author or editor, including the two volume Cambridge Economic History of Latin America, he was content to let research take a back seat while he concentrated on reviving the fortunes of Chatham House. He stepped down as Director of Chatham House in 2006, receiving a CMG from the British government in recognition of his achievements.
After leaving Chatham House at the end of 2006, he became a visiting professor at Florida International University where he worked on an economic history of the Caribbean since the Napoleonic Wars. On returning to the UK, he worked on the theme of the United States as an empire. His book, *Empire in Retreat: the Past, Present and Future of the United States*, was published in 2018.
He is currently Professor Emeritus of London University, Senior Distinguished Fellow of the School of Advanced Studies at London University, Honorary Professor of the Institute of the Americas at University College London, Associate Fellow in the United States and Americas Programme at Chatham House. He is married to Barbara Swasey from Belize (they have been married since 1970) and they have three children. His hobbies include playing quartets, underwater photography, kayaking, walking and tennis.
| 900 |
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| 0 |
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# Victor Bulmer-Thomas
## Publications
### Books and monographs {#books_and_monographs}
- *Internal Empire: The Rise and Fall of English Imperialism*, London, C. Hurst (Publishers), 2023.
- *From Slavery to Services: the Struggle for Economic Independence in the Caribbean*, Kingston, Ian Randle Publishers, 2021
- *Empire in Retreat: the Past, Present and Future of the United States*, New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 2018
- *The Economic History of Latin America since Independence*, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2014 (third edition)
- *The Economic History of the Caribbean since the Napoleonic Wars*, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2012
- (with Barbara Bulmer-Thomas), *The Economic History of Belize: from 17th Century to Post-Independence*, Cubola, Belize, 2012
- (editor with John Coatsworth and Roberto Cortés Conde), *The Economic History of Latin America*, \"Vol. 1. The Colonial Era and the Short 19th Century\", Cambridge University Press (2006)
- (editor with John Coatsworth and Roberto Cortés Conde), *The Economic History of Latin America*, \"Vol. 2. The Long 20th Century\", Cambridge University Press (2006)
- (editor), *Regional Integration in Latin America and the Caribbean: the Political Economy of Open Regionalism*, ILAS, 2001
- (editor with James Dunkerley), *The United States and Latin America: the New Agenda*, ILAS and Harvard University, 1999
- (editor), *Integración Regional en Centroamérica*, San José, FLACSO, 1998
- *Reflexiones sobre la Integración Centroamericana*, Banco Centroamericano de Integración Económica, 1997
- (editor) *Thirty Years of Latin American Studies in the United Kingdom*; London: Institute of Latin American Studies, 1997
- (editor) *The New Economic Model in Latin America and its Impact on Income Distribution and Poverty*, Macmillan/ILAS, 1996. (Spanish edition published by Trimestre Económico in Mexico)
- (co-editor with Mónica Serrano) *Rebuilding the State: Mexico after Salinas*, Institute of Latin American Studies, 1996 (Spanish edition published by Fondo de Cultura Económica in Mexico)
- (co-editor with D\'Alva Kinzo, M.) *Growth and Development in Brazil: Cardoso\'s Real Challenge*, Institute of Latin American Studies, 1995
- *The Economic History of Latin America since Independence*, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1994. (Spanish edition published by Fondo de Cultura Económica in Mexico in 1998; Japanese edition published by Nagoya University in 2001; Chinese edition forthcoming)
- (co-editor with N.Craske and M. Serrano), *Mexico and the North American Agreement: Who will Benefit?*, Macmillan, 1994. A Spanish version was published as Mexico Frente al TLC: Costos y Beneficios, Colegio de México, 1995
- (editor and coauthor), *Central American Integration, Report for the Commission of the European Community*, University of Miami, 1992
- (with Malcolm Deas et al.), *Latin America in Perspective*, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1991
- (editor) *Britain and Latin America: A Changing Relationship*, Royal Institute of International Affairs and Cambridge University Press, 1989
- *Studies in the Economics of Central America*, London: MacMillan; New York: St. Martins Press, 1988
- *The Political Economy of Central America since 1920*, Cambridge University Press, 1987. A Spanish version (La Economía Política de América Central desde 1920) was published by the Banco Centroamericano de Integración Económica, Tegucigalpa, Honduras, in 1989
- *Latin American Debt: Origins, Policies and Prospects*, London: Latin American Newsletters, 1987
- *Input Output Analysis: Sources, Methods and Applications for Developing Countries*. London: John Wiley, 1982. (With a Foreword written by Professor Wassily Leontief)
- *Income, Expenditure and the Balance of Payments in Scotland*. Glasgow: Fraser of Allander Institute, Research Monograph No
| 550 |
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| 1 |
10,999,071 |
# Segismundo Moret
**Segismundo Moret y Prendergast** (2 June 1833 -- 28 January 1913) was a Spanish politician and writer. He was the prime minister of Spain on three occasions and the president of the Congress of Deputies on two occasions.
## Biography
Moret was born in Cádiz on 2 June 1833. His mother\'s family, the Prendergasts, were of Irish descent. He studied at the *Universidad Central* in Madrid, where, in 1858, he became professor of political economy while he continued his studies in jurisprudence.
In 1863, Moret was elected representative to parliament as an independent representing the town of Almadén in the province of Ciudad Real. He was re-elected in 1868 after the Revolution of 1868 and took part in the writing of the new Spanish Constitution of 1869. He was noted for his eloquence.
As Minister of Overseas in the government presided by General Prim in 1870, Moret, himself a member of the Spanish Abolitionist Society, pushed for the abolition of slavery and the creation of a constitution for Puerto Rico. In 1871, he was Minister of the Treasury (*hacienda*) in the first government of King Amadeo I, and in 1872, he was appointed ambassador in London but resigned months later months and accepted a directorship in a large British bank.
With the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty to the Spanish throne in 1875, Moret returned to Spain, where he founded the *Partido Democrático-Monárquico* party. He was again elected deputy for Ciudad Real in 1879 and rallied to the monarchy in 1882. In 1883, he was appointed Minister of the Interior (*Gobernación*), and after 1885, he joined the Liberal Party in which he cooperated with Práxedes Mateo Sagasta as Minister of State (*estado*, foreign affairs, 1885--1888), Interior (*Gobernación*, 1888, 1901, 1902), Development (*Fomento*) (1892), State (*Estado*, foreign affairs, 1892, 1894) and Overseas Colonies (*Ultramar*, 1897--1898). When Sagasta died, he participated in the quarrels for the control of the party.
In 1897, as Minister for Overseas Colonies (*Ultramar*), Moret decreed the autonomy for Cuba and Puerto Rico. He opposed the war against the United States in 1898. In 1902, he collaborated in the creation of the Institute of Social Reform, which was a precursor of the future Ministry of Labour.
In 1905, after the resignation of Montero Rios, Moret became prime minister but was forced to resign in July 1906 after he had lost his majority in the parliament (*Cortes Generales*) although he became again prime minister briefly the same year (30 November -- 4 December).
After the bloody confrontations of the \"Tragic Week\" in 1909 in Barcelona, Moret was again appointed prime minister after the resignation of Antonio Maura while he was also Minister of the Interior. He was forced to resign in February 1910 when he was replaced by José Canalejas. He denounced the Canalejas Ministry as \"a democratic flag being used to cover reactionary merchandise\".
In 1912, after the assassination of Prime Minister Canalejas and the appointment of a new prime minister, Álvaro Figueroa Torres, Count of Romanones, Moret was elected as the 155th president of the Congress of Deputies, which he was until his death, on 28 January 1913. It was his second term as speaker of the Spanish lower house; from July 15, 1901 to April 3, 1902, he had served as the 147th speaker
| 551 |
Segismundo Moret
| 0 |
10,999,074 |
# 2001 Samoan general election
General elections were held in Samoa on 2 March 2001 to determine the composition of the 13th Parliament. Four parties contested the election, including the ruling Human Rights Protection Party (HRPP) and the main opposition Samoan National Development Party (SNDP). The HRPP was led into the election by Prime Minister Tuilaʻepa Saʻilele Malielegaoi, who succeeded Tofilau Eti Alesana in 1998 following his resignation.
No party won a majority; the HRPP secured the most seats, winning 23, while the SNDP won 13. The newly formed Samoan United People\'s Party (SUPP) won a single seat, and 12 independents were successful. Following the election, the HRPP won the support of four independents, including three non-member party affiliates, allowing it to remain in government. SNDP Leader Tui Ātua Tupua Tamasese Efi resigned shortly after the party\'s loss and was succeeded by Le Mamea Ropati. The Supreme Court later voided the election of five members of parliament, after finding them guilty of charges brought about by electoral petitions.
## Background
During the previous election held in 1996, the governing HRPP won 24 seats, losing its pre-election majority, although it remained the largest party. The main opposition, the Samoan National Development Party, secured 11 seats, and the newly formed Western Samoa Labour Party won a single seat. Independents saw a rise in support, with 13 entering parliament; the decline in support for both major parties was reportedly due to the HRPP\'s 1994 corruption scandal and the widespread perception of the SNDP as an ineffective opposition.
In 1997, parliament voted to change the country\'s name from Western Samoa to Samoa. Prime Minister Tofilau Eti Alesana argued an official change was necessary to resolve a naming inconsistency, as numerous organisations worldwide, including the United Nations, referred to the nation simply as Samoa. The prime minister alleged that Tui Ātua Tupua Tamasese Efi, the opposition leader and a former prime minister, was responsible for the inconsistency, having ordered a change in the name used at the United Nations. Efi opposed the change, arguing it risked offending American Samoans, as the name Samoa may have originated outside Western Samoa. The opposition leader also claimed the motion was a distraction from a passport scandal that surfaced in the same year, where the government had been illegally selling Samoan passports to Chinese and Taiwanese nationals. While the governor of American Samoa, Tauese Sunia, expressed no issue with the modification, many American Samoans believed the change would undermine the territory\'s identity.
In 1998, Alesana resigned as prime minister and leader of the HRPP due to ill health, he was succeeded by Tuila'epa Sa'ilele Malielegaoi. Alesana remained in cabinet as a minister without portfolio until his death in 1999.
| 450 |
2001 Samoan general election
| 0 |
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# 2001 Samoan general election
## Electoral system {#electoral_system}
During the time of the 2001 election, Samoa\'s parliament, the legislative assembly, was composed of 49 seats, with each member serving a five year term. Thirty-five members were elected from single-member constituencies, six constituencies elected two members, whilst the other two were elected through individual voters, mostly non-ethnic Samoans and individuals with partial Samoan ancestry. Candidates were elected using the First-past-the-post voting system. Only Matai *(Chiefs)* were permitted to contest any of the 47 constituencies, whilst the other two seats were open to all individuals. The controversial Electoral Amendment act, which came into effect in 2000, required candidates to have resided in Samoa for at least three years to qualify as a candidate. Previously, the requirement was 12 months. Civil servants were not allowed to run.
### Voters
The government introduced Universal suffrage in 1991, granting Samoan citizens aged 21 and older the right to vote. Voters could elect to enrol in a constituency rather than the one where they reside by right of significant family ties or matai titles. As a result, the population of constituencies and the constituency\'s voter roll have not always correlated. Cabinet amended the 1963 electoral act in August 2000, establishing the register of voters as a separate entity from the legislative assembly. The 2001 election was the first in which it was compulsory for all eligible individuals to register to vote. The new register of voters commenced the enrollment of electors in October 2000. There were only two registration centres where individuals could enrol or update their details, with one each at Mulinu{{okina}}u on Upolu, and Savaiʻi. Due to the centres being severely understaffed, the process was reportedly chaotic, with long queues, and many voters waited for several hours. One person died while in line, and several fights broke out due to discontent over the process. As a result, Health Minister Misa Telefoni Retzlaff unsuccessfully called for the election\'s postponement. At the closure of voter registration on 19 January 2001, a total of 92,788 voters were registered.
#### Overseas voting {#overseas_voting}
Although more Samoans resided outside Samoa than in the country around the time of the election, the HRPP government refused to entertain overseas voting. Prime Minister Tuila'epa expressed his opposition to allowing \"outsiders\" to participate in the electoral process and said that \"they (Samoans abroad) don\'t understand, and they don\'t feel the pain serving Samoa day in and day out.\" The prime minister also stated that if overseas ballots were allowed, \"Parliament might as well be moved from Mulinu`{{okina}}`{=mediawiki}u to Canberra.\" Opposition Leader Tui Ātua Tupua Tamasese Efi, opposed the government\'s decision due to the Samoan diaspora\'s significant contribution to the economy through remittance funds.
## Schedule
On the advice of the prime minister, the O le Ao o le Malo (head of state), Malietoa Tanumafili II, signed a declaration on 22 January 2001, ordering the dissolution of the 12th Parliament, which went into effect the following day. Voter registration closed on 19 January. The O le Ao o le Malo issued the writ for the election on 30 January. The deadline for candidates to register or withdraw was on 16 February, and the return of the writ occurred on 18 March.
Date Event
------------- ------------------------------------------------
19 January Registration for voters closes
23 January The 12th Parliament is dissolved
30 January O le Ao o le Malo issues Writ for the election
16 February Candidate nominations close
2 March Election day
18 March Writ for the election returned
## Parties and candidates {#parties_and_candidates}
Four parties contested the election, including the governing Human Rights Protection Party, led by Prime Minister Tuila'epa Sa'ilele Malielegaoi, and the main opposition Samoan National Development Party, led by Tui Ātua Tupua Tamasese Efi. The Samoa All People\'s Party (SAPP) and the newly formed Samoa United People\'s Party (SUPP), which registered with the electoral commission a month before the poll, also participated.
A total of 153 candidates competed in the election, a slight decrease from the 163 in 1996. The HRPP fielded 55, while 33 were affiliated with the SNDP. The SUPP stood five candidates, the SAPP had one contestant, and the other 59 were independents. Among the independents were five HRPP affiliates who were challenging incumbents from the party; they were, therefore, not permitted to run as members of the HRPP due to the party\'s policy of endorsing incumbents over challengers. Nine candidates were women; four were HRPP members, while the other five were independents.
Party Leader Candidates
------- ----------------------------------- -- -------------------------------- ------------
Human Rights Protection Party Tuilaʻepa Saʻilele Malielegaoi 55
Samoan National Development Party Tui Ātua Tupua Tamasese Efi 33
Samoa All People\'s Party Matatumua Maimoana 1
Samoan United People\'s Party 5
Independents 58
| 785 |
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# 2001 Samoan general election
## Campaign
Party manifestos rarely featured in previous elections; however, the 2001 poll saw an increased presence of political manifestos. Both the HRPP and SNDP published one, and it was the first election in which the HRPP had a clearly defined platform. Despite this, public engagement with the party platforms was low, and some voters reported that the manifestos were not widely available. Many candidates chose to campaign on their record and what they aimed to accomplish as individuals if elected, and often did not make mention of their party\'s policies or their party affiliation altogether. Significant issues of concern among voters included infrastructure, rural development, healthcare and education.
The HRPP campaigned on increasing foreign aid to improve the country\'s infrastructure. The party also announced its intentions to boost the economy and improve the health and education sectors. The prime minister claimed the opposition SNDP could not provide a credible alternative to the HRPP and the Samoan people. The SNDP platform focused on reforming the government and ceasing corruption. Opposition Leader Efi and the party proposed the establishment of a special task force to end corruption within the government and that independent commissions of inquiry investigate government scandals, including 1997 passports scandal and the controversial dismissal of Chief Auditor Su'a Rimoni Ah Chong. The opposition leader blamed the HRPP administration for the mishandling of the state-owned Polynesian Airlines, which he claimed led to an increase in the nation\'s debt. The party carried out weekly press conferences criticising the government. Malielegaoi predicted that the HRPP would retain power.
## Conduct
On election day, polling stations were open from 9:00 to 15:00. Voters still queuing to vote at 15:00 were handed special cards by polling staff, allowing them to cast their ballots. Voting was reportedly peaceful and orderly, despite intense weather in Upolu and Western Savaiʻi in the final hours of voting. The preliminary count was completed on election day, and the official count began on 3 March and concluded ten days later.
## Results
The official results were released on 12 March. The HRPP won the most seats but fell short of a majority, securing 23, similar to the 24 seats it won in the previous election. The SNDP secured 13, an increase of two compared to its seat share in 1996; one SUPP member was successful, and 12 independents were elected. One member was elected unopposed. Three women won representation; two were newcomers, while Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa was the only incumbent female candidate to win re-election. Half of the MPs in the new parliament were newcomers or former members. Two cabinet ministers were unseated.
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# 2001 Samoan general election
## Aftermath
Following the election, four independents joined the HRPP, permitting it to remain in government. Three of these new HRPP members had pledged to join the party if they were victorious, while one had intended to join whichever party won the most seats. The HRPP caucus elected Health Minister Misa Telefoni Retzlaff as the party\'s deputy leader, he subsequently became deputy prime minister. Both positions had been vacant since Malielegaoi assumed office as prime minister in 1998. The prime minister claimed the appointment undercut rumours that Misa intended to leave the HRPP and form a new opposition party. The *O le Ao o le Malo*, Malietoa Tanumafili II, officially opened the 13th parliamentary session on 19 March 2001. The SNDP demanded a second recount in 20 constituencies, claiming the initial vote tally and the original recount were flawed. Efi resigned as leader of both the opposition and the SNDP, he was succeeded by Le Mamea Ropati.
Some unsuccessful candidates filed electoral petitions against their victorious opponents. Of the ten petitions, five alleged corrupt practices on the part of the winning contestant, including bribery and treating and three challenged the eligibility of candidates. One alleged a successful candidate\'s victory was carried by the votes of ineligible voters, while another petition claimed the results in a constituency were invalid. Before the courts tried any petitions, one was withdrawn after the petitioner, Afamasaga Fa'amatala Tole'afoa, reached an understanding with the defendant, Fagafagamanuli'i Therese McCarthy, agreeing to reconcile due to their shared affiliation with the United Independents bloc (later the Samoan United Independents Party, SUIP). McCarthy also withdrew a counter-petition. The courts dismissed four petitions, while it upheld five - voiding the results in these constituencies. After the courts processed all the petitions and the occurrence of all subsequent by-elections, the HRPP seat share had risen to 29, the SNDP\'s total remained at 13, and independents occupied the rest. Parties in parliament are required to have at least eight seats to attain recognition as a parliamentary party; because the SUPP fell short of this threshold, the party\'s sole MP was classified as an independent
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| 3 |
10,999,078 |
# Sorbus cashmiriana
***Sorbus cashmiriana***, the **Kashmir rowan**, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae, native to the western Himalayas, including Kashmir.
It is a small, usually short-lived deciduous tree growing to 6 -, with a trunk up to 25 cm in diameter. The bark is smooth grey or red-grey. The leaves are 15 - long, pinnate, with 15--21 leaflets, dark green on top and lighter green underneath, the petiole reddish, the leaflets 3 - long and 1.5--2 cm broad, with serrated margins. The flowers are 7--10 mm in diameter, with five very pale pink petals and pale yellowish stamens, produced in corymbs in the spring. Pollination is by insects. The fruit is a white to whitish-pink pome 12--15 mm in diameter, ripening in the autumn and often persisting long after the leaf fall into winter.
## Cultivation
It is a popular ornamental tree, grown for its clusters of white fruit. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society\'s Award of Garden Merit
| 165 |
Sorbus cashmiriana
| 0 |
10,999,090 |
# Essich
**Essich** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɛ|s|ɪ|x}}`{=mediawiki}, *Easaich*) is a region of Scotland located between Inverness and Loch Ness. It is located 2.7 kilometres from the centre of Inverness and is serviced by Holm Primary School
| 33 |
Essich
| 0 |
10,999,109 |
# Jean Franco
**Jean Franco** (March 31, 1924 -- December 14, 2022) was a British-born American academic and literary critic known for her pioneering work on Latin American literature. Educated at Manchester and London, she taught at London, Essex (where she was the university\'s first professor of Latin American literature), and Stanford, and was latterly professor emerita at Columbia University.
## Research
Jean Franco\'s research was wide-ranging and voluminous. She was among the first English-speaking Latin Americanists to write seriously about Latin American literature. She particularly focused on women and women\'s writing and was a pioneer of Latin American cultural studies.
## Personal life and death {#personal_life_and_death}
Franco died on December 14, 2022, at the age of 98.
## Awards
- In 1992 she was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Essex.
- In 1996 she won a PEN award for lifetime contribution to the dissemination of Latin American literature in English.
- In 2000 the Latin American Studies Association awarded her the Kalman Silvert Award for her contributions to Latin American Studies.
- In 2002 she was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Manchester.
- Her book *The Decline and Fall of the Lettered City* was awarded the Bolton-Johnson Prize by the Conference of Latin American Historians for the best work in English on the History of Latin America published in 2003.
## Selected publications {#selected_publications}
- *The Modern Culture of Latin America* (1967)
- *An Introduction to Latin American Literature* (1969)
- *Spanish American Literature Since Independence* (1973)
- *César Vallejo. The Dialectics of Poetry and Silence* (1976)
- *Plotting Women
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| 0 |
10,999,110 |
# Mark Russell (composer)
**Mark Russell** (born 23 May 1960) is a British composer whose works include music for the television series *Cold Feet*, *Murder City*, *The Bill*, *The Worst Witch*, *Inspector George Gently* and *Kingdom*. He presented *Mixing It* with Robert Sandall on BBC Radio 3 from 1990 to 2007, when the programme ended. His score for *Cold Feet* was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Original Television Music in 1999, though lost to Ben Bartlett\'s score to *Walking with Dinosaurs*. In 2012 his score for the BBC series *Leonardo* was nominated for an Ivor Novello Award in the Best Television Soundtrack category. His score for the *Best of Men*, the BBC2 biopic of Ludwig Guttmann the founder of the Paralympics starring Eddie Marsan, was nominated for an RTS award in 2012.
Born in London, Russell was educated at St Paul\'s Cathedral School and Churcher\'s College. He graduated from the University of York in 1982 with a degree in music; he was a presenter on University Radio York but was \"thrown out \... for laughing while reading the news\"
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Mark Russell (composer)
| 0 |
10,999,127 |
# Workers Autonomous Trade Unions Confederation
The **Workers Autonomous Trade Unions Confederation** (*CONFSAL* or *Conf. S.A.L.*; Italian *Confederazione Generale dei Sindacati Autonomi dei Lavoratori*, German *Arbeiter Autonomous Gewerkschaft-Bündnis*) is an Italian autonomous trade union association
| 35 |
Workers Autonomous Trade Unions Confederation
| 0 |
10,999,148 |
# Pierce the Veil
**Pierce the Veil** is an American rock band formed in San Diego, California, in 2006. It was founded by brothers Vic and Mike Fuentes after the disbanding of Before Today, which formed out of the San Diego punk scene. Jaime Preciado and Tony Perry joined the group in 2007, on bass and lead guitar respectively.
Pierce the Veil has released five studio albums and has toured worldwide since the release of their debut album, *A Flair for the Dramatic* in 2007. The band released their second full-length studio album, titled *Selfish Machines* in 2010. Their third album, *Collide with the Sky*, was released in 2012, and is their first album released by Fearless Records. Featuring the hit first single \"King for a Day\", the album debuted at No. 12 on the US *Billboard 200*. Their fourth album, *Misadventures*, was released on May 13, 2016, and following a hiatus, their fifth album, *The Jaws of Life*, was released on February 10, 2023.
## History
### 2006--2009: Early years and *A Flair for the Dramatic* {#early_years_and_a_flair_for_the_dramatic}
Pierce the Veil was founded by Mike Fuentes and Vic Fuentes in 2006, after the disbandment of their band Before Today (formerly known as Early Times). The brothers continued to write songs together and eventually came up with enough material for a new full-length album. Still backed by their label, Equal Vision Records, they wrote and recorded an entire album on their own in Seattle, WA with producer Casey Bates. The brothers released the album *A Flair for the Dramatic* on June 26, 2007, under a new name: Pierce the Veil, which is derived from a song of the same name from Before Today\'s album, *A Celebration of an Ending*. Soon after, Pierce the Veil acquired new members Tony Perry (lead guitar) and Jaime Preciado (bass). Pierce the Veil toured vigorously for about 3 months after the release of *A Flair for the Dramatic*. They have toured with bands such as A Day to Remember, Chiodos, From First to Last, Emery, All Time Low, Sleeping with Sirens, The Devil Wears Prada and Mayday Parade.
In November 2007, Pierce the Veil performed one date on the Vans Warped Tour 2007, and were on the entire tour in 2008. They also played the Bamboozle Left in 2008. Their first headlining tour, called *The Delicious Tour*, which took place in October--November 2008, featured Breathe Carolina, Four Letter Lie and Emarosa. They ended their record cycle with the Taste of Chaos 2009 tour along with Bring Me the Horizon, Thursday, Four Year Strong and Cancer Bats. Vic and Mike Fuentes with Ayrton Jara confirmed to be included in the new project and supergroup Isles & Glaciers, featuring vocalists Craig Owens of Chiodos and Jonny Craig of Emarosa. The \"supergroup\" released its first EP titled *The Hearts of Lonely People* on March 9, 2010. However Isles & Glaciers has broken up, saying \"Isles & Glaciers was only a one time thing\".
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# Pierce the Veil
## History
### 2009--2011: *Selfish Machines* {#selfish_machines}
During August 2009, Pierce the Veil announced that they were currently in studio recording new material for their next album. After a few months off the road and building anticipation for their sophomore release, the band moved to Los Angeles to record their album *Selfish Machines* with Producer Mike Green. Singer and lyricist Vic Fuentes stated, \"The title refers to human nature and the animal-like qualities inside all of us that we try and hide, but should just learn to accept. We are all selfish machines and we all have natural tendencies to want, love, and take.\" *Selfish Machines* was released on June 21, 2010, under Equal Vision Records, and made it to No. 1 on the Billboard Heatseekers Chart. In support of the release, the band played a number of festivals including Bamboozle Left, South by Southwest, Never Say Never Festival, and the Vans Warped Tour. The band also contributed a cover of Blue Öyster Cult\'s classic song \"(Don\'t Fear) The Reaper\" to the *Punk Goes Classic Rock* compilation, released on April 27, 2010. They were a part of the Take Action Tour with Attack Attack! that went to New Zealand and Australia, and also played on the *Versus Tour* in Japan with Confide. They played the \"This Is a Family Tour\" with Emmure, In Fear and Faith, Of Mice & Men, and Attack Attack!, which lasted until late December 2010.
Pierce the Veil also played at the Fox Theater in Pomona as a surprise appearance as part of the Alternative Press Tour 2010 with bands such as August Burns Red, Bring Me the Horizon, Polar Bear Club, Emarosa, and This Is Hell. On November 1, 2010, the band announced that they would be kicking off 2011 touring with Silverstein, Miss May I, The Chariot, and A Bullet for Pretty Boy on the \"Winterizer Tour\". Throughout March and April, \"The Gamechanger\'s Tour\" with A Day to Remember, Bring Me the Horizon, and label mates We Came as Romans followed. They also co-headlined the second leg of Escape the Fate\'s headlining tour \"The Dead Masquerade\". After taking the summer off to spend some more time on writing new material, the band was supposed to head out on their first ever South American Tour supporting Sum 41 in September; however, due to illness of Sum 41\'s frontman, the tour was cancelled. They finished up the year touring Europe with blessthefall and co-headlined the No Guts No Glory Tour with Miss May I afterwards. They once again contributed to a \"Punk Goes\...\" album, *Punk Goes Pop 4*, covering the song \"Just the Way You Are\" by Bruno Mars, which was released on November 21, 2011.
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# Pierce the Veil
## History
### 2011--2013: Fearless Records and *Collide with the Sky* {#fearless_records_and_collide_with_the_sky}
On August 23, 2011, Pierce the Veil signed with Fearless Records. On December 22, 2011, a video update revealed in that in early 2012, the band would be going into the studio to record their third studio album. On December 26, 2011, Vic Fuentes announced on the band\'s Facebook page that the band had finished writing the songs for their third album, which they began writing during the summer and while on tour with Miss May I, Woe Is Me, The Amity Affliction and letlive during November and December, and they would now be choosing a producer to work with on the album in early 2012. On February 27, 2012, The band issued an update on their official Facebook page stating that they have chosen to work with producers Dan Korneff and Kato Khandwala at the House of Loud in New Jersey on their upcoming third album. On April 20, 2012, it was announced that the new album would be titled *Collide with the Sky* and would be released through Fearless Records on July 17, 2012. On May 17, 2012, the album cover and the track list of the new album were revealed along with the announcement of the band\'s first ever UK headlining tour in September 2012. The first single from the new album, \"King for a Day\", features Kellin Quinn of Sleeping with Sirens and was released on June 5, 2012. The second single, \"Bulls in the Bronx\", was released three weeks later on June 26, 2012.
In order to promote the album, the band appeared on the Vans Warped Tour from June 16, 2012, to August 5, 2012, playing the event\'s main stage for the first time. They were regularly joined on stage by Kellin Quinn to perform the song \"King for a Day\". After Warped, Pierce the Veil embarked on their first headlining tour in the UK, selling out almost all of the dates. Their following headlining tour in the US, The Collide with the Sky tour, saw a similar success. They ended the year appearing at No. 33 in Rock Sound magazine\'s best albums of 2012 list as well as winning nine categories in the best of 2012 reader\'s poll conducted by Alternative Press, including *Best Live Band of the Year*, *Album of the Year* and *Artist of the Year*. On January 9, 2013, Vic Fuentes released information that he had recently been in the studio writing new songs with Tom Denney.
On January 7, 2013, Pierce the Veil and pop-punk band All Time Low announced that they would be co-headlining the Spring Fever Tour in Spring 2013. Both bands toured across the United States, along with opening acts Mayday Parade and You Me at Six. The tour began on April 11, 2013, and ended on May 12, 2013. Toward the end of the tour, on May 7, 2013, the music video for Pierce the Veil\'s song \"Bulls in the Bronx\" was released.
### 2013--2015: *This Is a Wasteland* and World Tour {#this_is_a_wasteland_and_world_tour}
On September 23, 2013, the band announced plans to release a documentary on November 11 detailing their first world tour. It included live footage from their world tour, three music videos, and additional content. The band released this statement on the documentary: *\"Our first world tour was absolutely the craziest experience of our lives..* \[sic\] *and we filmed EVERYTHING! Follow along as we visit uncharted territories in search of the best shows and thrilling experiences we could absolutely find along the way. This DVD is for the fans and the fans only. Thank you for letting us travel the world and share this adventure with you!\" - Vic, Mike, Tony, and Jaime*
On October 18, 2013, the band launched pre-orders for their documentary with a new release date of November 25.
On July 21, Vic Fuentes and Kellin Quinn of Sleeping with Sirens announced a co-headlining world concert tour. The tour started on November 5, 2014, in Fresno. They first announced the first North America leg with 20 concerts with support from Beartooth and This Wild Life. A month later, on August 22, 2014, the band confirmed the second leg of the concert tour which took place in Europe. Between March 20, 2015, and April 11, 2015, Pierce the Veil played concerts in the Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden, Germany, and the UK. According to Epitaph Records, all concerts in Europe were sold out. Before heading to Europe the band played a second US leg with support from PVRIS and Mallory Knox.
### 2015--2018: *Misadventures* and departure of Mike Fuentes {#misadventures_and_departure_of_mike_fuentes}
The band\'s fourth studio album, *Misadventures*, was released on May 13, 2016 through Fearless Records. Produced by Dan Korneff, the album spawned the singles \"The Divine Zero\" and \"Texas Is Forever\".
In November 2017, drummer Mike Fuentes was accused of soliciting nude photos and statutory rape by a young woman. The incidents were have alleged to have occurred roughly a decade prior over the course of several years. The pair allegedly initiated contact on MySpace before meeting for the first time at a Pierce the Veil concert. Fuentes was 24 at the time, while the girl was 16, a legal minor in the state of California. The woman stated they had sex after meeting again at a concert during Warped Tour. The relationship was said to have lasted until she turned 18.
In December 2017, a second woman accused him of requesting nude pictures when she was a minor. She accused him anonymously on Twitter. The woman claimed they first met at Warped Tour in 2008, when she was 14 years old where they exchanged phone numbers. When she turned 15, Fuentes allegedly requested nude photos from her.
In light of the allegations, Fuentes and the rest of the band released a statement later that month, stating that Mike Fuentes was to step down as drummer to \"concentrate on his personal life\". The band announced a hiatus and cancelled their planned 2018 UK tour with All Time Low. No formal charges were brought publicly against Mike Fuentes for either allegation.
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# Pierce the Veil
## History
### 2018--present: hiatus and *The Jaws of Life* {#present_hiatus_and_the_jaws_of_life}
On July 5, 2018, vocalist and guitarist Vic Fuentes posted on his social media that he is working on the band\'s fifth album. In February 2019, the official band Twitter posted that they were still working on the album.
On 13 April 2020, the band uploaded a home rehearsal of their track \"Hold On Till May\" to YouTube, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. The performance featured former member Mike Fuentes, however the band did not specify whether he had officially returned as a member of the band. Reaction to Mike Fuentes performing with the band was mixed, with listeners expressing concern on social media over the sexual allegations surrounding him, with the band having yet to address them fully beyond the original 2017 statement. On August 24, 2020, Vic confirmed that Mike had left the band in 2017 and will not be featured on the next album.
In June 2022, I Prevail announced their "True Power Tour," scheduled to take place from September to November 2022, with Pierce The Veil serving as direct support, this being the band's first tour since 2017 and the departure of drummer Mike Fuentes. Prior to the tour, the band recruiting former letlive. drummer Lionel Robinson as their touring drummer. On September 1, 2022, the band released the single \"Pass the Nirvana\". On November 11, 2022, the band released their second new single, \"Emergency Contact\" and announced that their fifth studio album *The Jaws of Life* would be released on February 10, 2023.
The band embarked on the \'Creative Control\' and \'The Jaws of Life\' tours, along with an Australian tour with Beartooth in support of the album. In mid-2024, the band supported Blink-182 on their One More Time\... tour in North America.
On December 3, 2024, the band announced the I Can\'t Hear You World Tour via social media. The tour will feature songs from every album in the band's discography, and it will be the band's first solo headlining amphitheater tour.
## Musical style {#musical_style}
Pierce the Veil\'s music style has generally been regarded as a mix of post-hardcore, pop-punk, experimental rock, and emo.
Their debut album *A Flair for the Dramatic* has been described as a mixture of emo, screamo and progressive rock. According to German music magazine *Intro* the compositions on their debut album are \"complex\" and were compared to artists like Sparta, And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead and partly even to Queen.
Their sophomore album, *Selfish Machines,* was partly influenced by punk music and has been compared to bands like Emarosa, Chiodos, The Used and Alesana. The band was praised by *The Morning Call* for the band\'s mix of metal and hardcore punk with the songwriting and melodies of pop music. Their third album, *Collide with the Sky*, was widely praised for its elements of progressive rock. Their fourth album, *Misadventures*, leaned more towards pop and pop-punk. The album was compared to artists like Atreyu, My Chemical Romance and Panic! at the Disco. The vocals of Vic Fuentes have been compared to Claudio Sanchez of Coheed and Cambria.
The term \"mexicore\" has also been applied to the band due to the Spanish flair in many of their songs. Vic Fuentes said in an interview with *Alternative Press* that the band always tries to \"incorporate at least a hint of Latin influence in every song.\" Vic Fuentes described \"mexicore\" as a \"mix of heavy music with a little Spanish feel.\"
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# Pierce the Veil
## Members and lineup {#members_and_lineup}
### Current
- Vic Fuentes -- lead vocals, rhythm guitar, keyboards, piano, programming (2006--present); lead guitar, bass (2006--2007)
- Tony Perry -- lead guitar (2007--present)
- Jaime Preciado -- bass, backing vocals (2007--present); keyboards, programming (2022--present)
### Current touring musicians {#current_touring_musicians}
- Loniel Robinson -- drums (2022--present)
### Former members {#former_members}
- Mike Fuentes -- drums (2006--2017); programming, backing vocals (2006--2007)
### Former touring musicians {#former_touring_musicians}
- Jesse Barrera -- lead guitar (2015)
### Timeline
{{#tag:timeline\| ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:20 PlotArea = left:90 bottom:80 top:0 right:5 Alignbars = justify DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy Period = from:01/01/2006 till:{{#time:m/d/Y}} TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:4 ScaleMinor = increment:1 start:2006 ScaleMajor = increment:2 start:2007
Colors =
`id:Vocals value:red legend:Lead_vocals,_rhythm_guitar`\
`id:BVocals value:pink legend:Backing_vocals`\
`id:Lead value:green legend:Lead_guitar`\
`id:Keys value:purple legend:Keyboards,_programming`\
`id:Bass value:blue legend:Bass`\
`id:Drums value:orange legend:Drums`\
`id:Tour value:yellow legend:Touring_musician`\
`id:studio value:black legend:Studio_album`\
`id:bars value:gray(0.95)`
BackgroundColors = bars:bars
LineData =
`layer:back`\
`color:studio`\
`at:06/26/2007`\
`at:06/22/2010`\
`at:07/17/2012`\
`at:05/13/2016`\
`at:02/10/2023`
BarData =
`bar:Vic text:"Vic Fuentes"`\
`bar:Tony text:"Tony Perry"`\
`bar:Jesse text:"Jesse Barrera"`\
`bar:Jaime text:"Jaime Preciado"`\
`bar:Mike text:"Mike Fuentes"`\
`bar:Loniel text:"Loniel Robinson"`\
` `
PlotData=
`width:11 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(11,-3)`\
` bar:Vic from:01/01/2006 till:end color:Vocals`\
` bar:Vic from:01/01/2006 till:end color:Keys width:3`\
` bar:Vic from:01/01/2006 till:06/25/2007 color:Lead width:7`\
` bar:Jesse from:06/19/2015 till:08/08/2015 color:Lead`\
` bar:Jesse from:06/19/2015 till:08/08/2015 color:Tour width:3`\
` bar:Vic from:01/01/2006 till:06/25/2007 color:Bass width:5`\
` bar:Tony from:06/26/2007 till:end color:Lead`\
` bar:Jaime from:06/26/2007 till:end color:Bass`\
` bar:Jaime from:06/26/2007 till:end color:BVocals width:3`\
` bar:Jaime from:01/01/2022 till:end color:Keys width:7`\
` bar:Mike from:01/01/2006 till:12/16/2017 color:Drums`\
` bar:Mike from:01/01/2006 till:06/25/2007 color:Keys width:7`\
` bar:Mike from:01/01/2006 till:06/25/2007 color:BVocals width:3`\
` bar:Loniel from:09/09/2022 till:end color:Drums`\
` bar:Loniel from:09/09/2022 till:end color:Tour width:3`
}}
## Discography
### Studio albums {#studio_albums}
- *A Flair for the Dramatic* (2007)
- *Selfish Machines* (2010)
- *Collide with the Sky* (2012)
- *Misadventures* (2016)
- *The Jaws of Life* (2023)
## Awards and nominations {#awards_and_nominations}
Awards and Nominations
------------------------
Year
**2010**
**2013**
**2014**
**2015**
**2016**
**2017**
## Tours
- The Delicious Tour (2008)
- 2011 Europe Tour (2011)
- No Guts, No Glory Tour (with Miss May I) (2011)
- 2012 UK Tour (2012)
- Collide with the Sky Tour (2012)
- 2013 Southeast Asia Tour (2013)
- Street Youth Rising Tour (2013)
- Spring Fever Tour (with All Time Low) (2013)
- 2013 UK Tour (2013)
- Latin American Tour 2013 (2013)
- PTV/SWS World Tour (with Sleeping with Sirens) (2014--2015)
- The Misadventures Tour (2016)
- South America/Mexico Tour 2016 (2016)
- Australian Tour 2016 (2016)
- Made to Destroy Tour (2016)
- U.K
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# Alberto Moreiras
**Alberto Moreiras** is a Spanish-born academic and cultural theorist who currently works at Texas A&M University. Previously he taught at Duke University and at the Centre for Modern Thought at the University of Aberdeen.
His publications include *Tercer espacio*, *The Exhaustion of Difference*, and *Línea de sombra*. He is a scholar interested in Heidegger, Levinas and Derrida. His researches explore negative categories, which are in many ways experimental.
In critic Juan Poblete\'s words, Moreiras\'s work \"has been characterized thus far by a strong metacritical component whereby theoretical texts are continuously de/constructed in an investigation of both their epistemological status and their general political potential as interventions in a concrete field of forces
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# And the Big Men Fly
***And the Big Men Fly*** is an Australia-based play by Alan Hopgood, written in 1963, and has been adapted to numerous media including a TV series and film.
Its primary subject is a fictional Australian rules football team, the Crows (note: the term predated the Adelaide Crows, which was founded in 1990).
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
The coach of the Crows football team, J.J. Forbes, sends his assistant, Wally, out to find a new player for the big season championship which was to start in 2 weeks. J.J thought that they would never have a chance, as Wally couldn\'t seem to find anyone with some decent talent.
J.J was getting very upset at Wally and told him on the phone to do anything to get someone, as he says, \"I don\'t care if you have to rewrite the law books. That\'s what we put you through university for!\" A little while later, Wally bursts into the room yelling and screaming. \"J.J... I\'ve got him! I\'ve got him! Oh, you\'ve never seen anything like him, he\'s beautiful, he\'s a Greek god.\" At this point, J.J starts to think that Wally has gone mad and needs to see a psychiatrist.
Wally is trying to convince J.J that this player, Achilles Jones, can kick a wheat bag 10 yards. J.J doesn\'t believe Wally at first, but thinks that he has nothing to lose so they decide to go and meet Achilles They drive all the way out to Manangatang, where this Achilles lives, and J.J finally gets to meet him. At first, things are a bit stressful as Achilles gets the shotgun out and threatens to kill them when they arrive. They try convincing Achilles to come and play football for the Crows but Achilles is just too happy where he is and won\'t go anywhere. J.J and Wally aren\'t happy, so they decide that they are going to get Achilles to play by bribing his partner, Lil, with gifts and getting her to convince Achilles to try it out and play a few games. To start with convincing Lil, they tell her that she will get all sorts of nice things and they even give her a fur coat. They end up telling Achilles that the Williamses`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}Achilles\' neighbors and worst enemies`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}think that he would never be able to play football in his life, so he decides that he will go and play for the Crows, only so he can show the Williamses that he can play and that he is better than them.
Once Achilles arrives in Melbourne, he is taught the rules of the game and does private training. He is kept private from the public as Wally and J.J want to make a big showcase on the first day of the football championship. In the first game of the championship, Achilles takes to the field but does nothing. J.J and Wally start to get very stressed out and worried that he won\'t do anything, until J.J sends Wally out onto the field to see what was wrong with him and found out that it was partly because he was wearing football boots, which he much disliked, and partly because Achilles can\'t play or kick when he\'s not angry. J.J then told Wally to send Lil out onto the field and make up a story about the Williamses so that he would get all angry and start to run and kick the ball around.
This keeps going on every week of the championship. Lil has to keep making up stories, and telling Achilles that the Williamses said bad stuff about him when they actually didn\'t. This is the only way that they could get Achilles to actually get out there on the football field to run around and play the actual game.
Just before the season had begun, Wobbly Coates and J.J made a public bet on the radio over their yearly wages that the Crows wouldn\'t get into the championship grand final and win, as they haven\'t done for the past 30 years. Near the end of the season, Wobbly realises that he is going to lose this bet if he doesn\'t do something to stop Achilles from playing the grand final, so he rang up the Williamses and told them that Achilles had been saying lots of bad stuff about them and their farm. This then set the Williamses off, and they went to fight him. This plan by Wobbly had already been working excellently as he wanted to tire Achilles out before the big game so that he couldn\'t play. The fight between the Williamses and Achilles went on for three days straight, but Achilles was still pushing on strong for the grand final match.
On the night before the big game, Les Williams gave up and decided that he didn\'t want to fight anymore`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}this is when Achilles found out that his best mate, Milly the horse, had died back at home on the farm. Les and Achilles decide to come together inside and have a cup of tea and decide that they are going to stop all of this nonsense between the two of them.
Achilles doesn\'t want to play the game when he gets to the field on the big day, but luckily enough, Les Williams heard on the radio who rang him up and told him all the lies`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}it was Wobbly Coates. This report got Achilles playing the game for a while and both the commentators and the crowd were going wild by this time because of his performance in the game.
As the game nears the end, Achilles has to make a decision whether he is going to win the game or make them lose. He thinks about it and suddenly decides that he is going to get the score even, and then kicks the ball straight up into the commentary box where Wobbly Coates is sitting, and hopefully, it hits him and injures him. This decision was going to be his payback for all of the lies that he had told Les Williams.
The grand final game ends in a draw and is rescheduled to next week without the participation of the new team recruit, Achilles. He then decides that he is going to live back on the farm with Lil and spend a lot more time with her.
### Cast (stage) {#cast_stage}
- Elspeth Ballantyne
- Jane Bertelsen
- Simon Chilvers
- Paul Eddey
- Brian Harold
- Alan Hopgood
- Paul Karo
- Dennis Miller
- Leslie Wright
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# And the Big Men Fly
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
### Production history {#production_history}
In 1963 the Melbourne Theatre Company had scheduled *The Man Who Came to Dinner* with Frank Thring and Alan Hopgood, which was expected to run for months at the Russell Street Theatre. However the play bombed unexpectedly and MTC director John Sumner needed a replacement. He asked Hopgood if he had any plays and Hopgood wrote *And the Big Men Fly* in a week. The play had its world premiere at Russell St Theatre in Melbourne in 1963. Hopgood himself played Forbes, while Dennis Miller played Jones.
The play was filmed for television in 1963.
The play was presented again in 1988 with Hopgood reprising the role of Forbes. Jones was played by Shane Connor.
*It educated my two kids*, said Hopgood later. *It was made into a TV mini-series and almost 250,000 copies of the script have been sold since.*
## 1963 TV Movie {#tv_movie}
The play was very popular in its initial run and was filmed for Australian TV by Nine Network in Melbourne.
It was broadcast on 5 October 1963 the night of the 1963 VFL Grand Final.
The cast were substantially the same as for the original theatre production.
It is not clear if the production was broadcast in other cities.
### Cast
- Alan Hopgood as J.J. Forbes
- Paul Karo as Wally Sloss
- Dennis Miller as Achilles Jones
- Elspeth Ballantyne / Diane Craig as Lil
- Simon Chilvers as Harry Head
- Maurie Fields as Merv Harvey
- Paul Eddey as Wobbley Coates
- Leslie Wright as Les Williams
- Jane Bertelsen as Television employee
- Brian Harold as Television employee
### Reception
The *Age* said it \"did not turn out to be the big laugh\... it was on stage\... it just\... fizzled\.... a reminder that a success on stage does not necessarily qualify for a production for TV and vice versa. Performances obviously needed polishing up\... The production, in fact, called for more than the physical transfer it was. This might have helped put over the \'home truths\' of the play to the non-captive TV audience.\"
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# And the Big Men Fly
## 1974 TV series {#tv_series}
The play was adapted into a TV series in 1974.
Copies of episodes are available at the National Archives of Australia. Scripts are at the National Film and Sound Archive.
### Cast {#cast_1}
- John Hargreaves as Achilles Jones
- Diane Craig as Lil
- Frank Wilson as J.J. Forbes
- Reg Evans as Wally Sloss
- George Mallaby as Jack Drew
- Barry McQueen as Harry Head
- Colin McEwan as Wobbly Coates
- Dennis Miller as Moola Barnes
- Jack Perry as Les Williams
- Terry Gill as Peter Williams
- Ivor Bowyer as Willy Williams
- Diane Lewis as Miss Terious
- Maurie Fields as Merv Harvey
- Peter Aanensen as Alby
- Rosie Sturgess as Miss Turner
- Noel Browne as Zanecchi
- Sue McIntosh as Hostess
- Joan Letch as Miss Turnibread
### Sequel
It led to a sequel *And Here Comes Bucknuckle* (1981)
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# William James Parkhill
**William James Parkhill** (December 27, 1840 -- May 26, 1913) was an Ontario political figure. He represented Simcoe South in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1878 to 1883 as a Conservative member.
He was born in County Tyrone, Ireland in 1839 and came to Canada West in 1856. He first settled in Toronto but later worked at lumber camps near Parry Sound. Around 1861, he was hired by William and Robert Henry who were timber merchants operating near King. He was promoted to manager and later ran their sawmill at Randwick. In 1862, he married Anne Jane Crossley, who later ran the general store in Randwick. Parkhill was the first postmaster for the village and served as reeve for Mulmur Township in 1877.
Parkhill was elected to the provincial assembly in 1878 after William McDougall resigned to take a seat in the federal parliament and was reelected in the general election that followed. He was Grand Master for the Orange Lodge of Ontario West and Deputy Grand Master for the Grand Lodge of British America. In 1899, he was named customs collector at Midland and served in that post until his death in 1913
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# 2007–08 Israeli Premier League
The **2007--08 Israeli Premier League season** began on 18 August 2007 and ended on 1 June 2008, with Beitar Jerusalem win their second consecutive title.
Two teams from Liga Leumit were promoted at the end of the previous season: Ironi Kiryat Shmona and Bnei Sakhnin. The two teams relegated were Hakoah Amidar Ramat Gan and Hapoel Petah Tikva.
## Teams and Locations {#teams_and_locations}
Twelve teams took part in the 2007-08 Israeli Premier League season, including ten teams from the 2006-07 season, as well as two teams which were promoted from the 2006-07 Liga Leumit.
Ironi Kiryat Shmona were promoted as champions of the 2006-07 Liga Leumit. Bnei Sakhnin were promoted as runners up. Bnei Sakhnin returned after an absence of one season, while Ironi Kiryat Shmona made their debut in the top flight.
Hakoah Amidar Ramat Gan and Hapoel Petah Tikva were relegated after finishing in the bottom two places in the 2006-07 season.
Club Stadium Capacity
--------------------- --------------------------------- ----------
Beitar Jerusalem Teddy Stadium 21,600
Bnei Yehuda Bloomfield Stadium 15,700
Hapoel Tel Aviv
Maccabi Tel Aviv
Maccabi Haifa Kiryat Eliezer Stadium 14,002
Maccabi Herzliya Herzliya Municipal Stadium 8,100
F.C. Ashdod Yud-Alef Stadium 7,800
Maccabi Netanya Sar-Tov Stadium 7,500
Maccabi Petah Tikva Petah Tikva Municipal Stadium 6,800
Hapoel Kfar Saba Levita Stadium 5,800
Ironi Kiryat Shmona Kiryat Shmona Municipal Stadium 5,300
Bnei Sakhnin Doha Stadium 5,000
+------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------+
| Beitar Jerusalem | Bnei Yehuda\ | Hapoel Kfar Saba | Maccabi Herzliya |
| | Hapoel Tel Aviv\ | | |
| | Maccabi Tel Aviv | | |
+==================+=========================+===============================+============================+
| Teddy Stadium\ | Bloomfield Stadium\ | Levita Stadium | Herzliya Municipal Stadium |
+------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------+
| | | | |
+------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------+
| Maccabi Netanya | Maccabi Haifa | Maccabi Petah Tikva | |
+------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------+
| Sar-Tov Stadium\ | Kiryat Eliezer Stadium\ | Petah Tikva Municipal Stadium | |
+------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------+
| | | | |
+------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------+
| F.C. Ashdod | Bnei Sakhnin | Ironi Kiryat Shmona | |
+------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------+
| Yud-Alef Stadium | Doha Stadium | Kiryat Shmona Stadium | |
+------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------+
| | | | |
+------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------+
## League table {#league_table}
{{#invoke:sports table\|main\|style=WDL \|show_limit=5 \|res_col_header=QR
\|team1=BEI\|name_BEI=Beitar Jerusalem \|team2=MNE\|name_MNE=Maccabi Netanya \|team3=IKS\|name_IKS=Ironi Kiryat Shmona \|team4=BnS\|name_BnS=Bnei Sakhnin \|team5=MHA\|name_MHA=Maccabi Haifa \|team6=MTA\|name_MTA=Maccabi Tel Aviv \|team7=HTA\|name_HTA=Hapoel Tel Aviv \|team8=ASH\|name_ASH=F.C. Ashdod \|team9=BnY\|name_BnY=Bnei Yehuda \|team10=MPT\|name_MPT=Maccabi Petah Tikva \|team11=HKS\|name_HKS=Hapoel Kfar Saba \|team12=MHE\|name_MHE=Maccabi Herzliya \|win_BEI=20\|draw_BEI=7\|loss_BEI=6\|gf_BEI=61\|ga_BEI=23\|status_BEI=C \|win_MNE=16\|draw_MNE=10\|loss_MNE=7\|gf_MNE=40\|ga_MNE=24 \|win_IKS=15\|draw_IKS=11\|loss_IKS=7\|gf_IKS=43\|ga_IKS=34 \|win_BnS=15\|draw_BnS=10\|loss_BnS=8\|gf_BnS=35\|ga_BnS=29 \|win_MHA=13\|draw_MHA=8\|loss_MHA=12\|gf_MHA=38\|ga_MHA=27 \|win_MTA=11\|draw_MTA=8\|loss_MTA=14\|gf_MTA=43\|ga_MTA=43 \|win_HTA=12\|draw_HTA=5\|loss_HTA=16\|gf_HTA=35\|ga_HTA=40 \|win_ASH=11\|draw_ASH=6\|loss_ASH=16\|gf_ASH=36\|ga_ASH=52 \|win_BnY=11\|draw_BnY=5\|loss_BnY=17\|gf_BnY=31\|ga_BnY=43 \|win_MPT=10\|draw_MPT=7\|loss_MPT=16\|gf_MPT=28\|ga_MPT=39 \|win_HKS=9\|draw_HKS=10\|loss_HKS=14\|gf_HKS=37\|ga_HKS=54\|status_HKS=R \|win_MHE=7\|draw_MHE=9\|loss_MHE=17\|gf_MHE=32\|ga_MHE=51\|status_MHE=R
\|col_CL2=green1\|text_CL2=Qualification for the Champions League second qualifying round \|result1=CL2 \|col_UC2=blue1\|text_UC2=Qualification for the UEFA Cup second qualifying round \|result2=UC2 \|col_UC1=blue2\|text_UC1=Qualification for the UEFA Cup first qualifying round \|result3=UC1 \|col_IC2=#ccccff\|text_IC2=Qualification for the Intertoto Cup second round \|result4=IC2 \|col_UC1b=blue1\|text_UC1b=Qualification for the UEFA Cup first qualifying round \|note_res_UC1b=Since Beitar Jerusalem won both Israeli State Cup and the Israeli Premier League championship, then the cup-runner-up, Hapoel Tel Aviv, awarded with entry to the 2008--09 UEFA Cup. \|result7=UC1b \|col_R=red1\|text_R=Relegation to Liga Leumit \|result11=R\|result12=R \|class_rules=1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored. \|update=complete \|source=[The Israel Football Association](https://web.archive.org/web/20120920084238/http://eng.football.org.il/Leagues/Pages/LeagueDetails.aspx?LEAGUE_ID=40&SEASON_ID=9) }}
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# 2007–08 Israeli Premier League
## Results
The schedule consisted of three rounds. During first two rounds, each team played each other once home and away for a total of 22 matches. The pairings of the third round were then set according to the standings after first two rounds, giving every team a third game against each opponent for a total of 33 games per team.
### First and second round {#first_and_second_round}
{{#invoke:sports results\|main \|matches_style=FBR \|team1=BEI\|team2=BnS\|team3=BnY\|team4=ASH\|team5=HKS \|team6=HTA\|team7=IKS\|team8=MHA\|team9=MHE\|team10=MNE \|team11=MPT\|team12=MTA
\|name_BEI=Beitar Jerusalem \|match_BEI_BnS=0-1 \|match_BEI_BnY=3--0 \|match_BEI_ASH=5-0 \|match_BEI_HKS=4-0 \|match_BEI_HTA=1-0 \|match_BEI_IKS=0-0 \|match_BEI_MHA=1-0 \|match_BEI_MHE=4-2 \|match_BEI_MNE=2-0 \|match_BEI_MPT=2-1 \|match_BEI_MTA=2-0
\|name_BnS=Bnei Sakhnin \|match_BnS_BEI=2-2 \|match_BnS_BnY=0-0 \|match_BnS_ASH=3-0 \|match_BnS_HKS=1-1 \|match_BnS_HTA=1-0 \|match_BnS_IKS=0-0 \|match_BnS_MHA=1-1 \|match_BnS_MHE=0-3 \|match_BnS_MNE=0-0 \|match_BnS_MPT=1-0 \|match_BnS_MTA=3-2
\|name_BnY=Bnei Yehuda \|match_BnY_BEI=0-3 \|match_BnY_BnS=3-0 \|match_BnY_ASH=3-2 \|match_BnY_HKS=0-2 \|match_BnY_HTA=1-1 \|match_BnY_IKS=1-1 \|match_BnY_MHA=0-3 \|match_BnY_MHE=0-1 \|match_BnY_MNE=1-2 \|match_BnY_MPT=0-1 \|match_BnY_MTA=0-4
\|name_ASH=F.C. Ashdod \|match_ASH_BEI=1-2 \|match_ASH_BnS=3-1 \|match_ASH_BnY=3-0 \|match_ASH_HKS=2-4 \|match_ASH_HTA=1-1 \|match_ASH_IKS=0-0 \|match_ASH_MHA=1-0 \|match_ASH_MHE=0-1 \|match_ASH_MNE=1-6 \|match_ASH_MPT=1-3 \|match_ASH_MTA=0-0
\|name_HKS=Hapoel Kfar Saba \|match_HKS_BEI=1-1 \|match_HKS_BnS=0-0 \|match_HKS_BnY=0-0 \|match_HKS_ASH=3-1 \|match_HKS_HTA=1-1 \|match_HKS_IKS=2-3 \|match_HKS_MHA=0-3 \|match_HKS_MHE=2-3 \|match_HKS_MNE=1-2 \|match_HKS_MPT=0-0 \|match_HKS_MTA=0-3
\|name_HTA=Hapoel Tel Aviv \|match_HTA_BEI=1-2 \|match_HTA_BnS=0-1 \|match_HTA_BnY=1-0 \|match_HTA_ASH=0-2 \|match_HTA_HKS=1-2 \|match_HTA_IKS=0-1 \|match_HTA_MHA=2-0 \|match_HTA_MHE=0-2 \|match_HTA_MNE=0-1 \|match_HTA_MPT=2-1 \|match_HTA_MTA=1-0
\|name_IKS=Ironi Kiryat Shmona \|match_IKS_BEI=0-3 \|match_IKS_BnS=0-0 \|match_IKS_BnY=2-1 \|match_IKS_ASH=2-1 \|match_IKS_HKS=2-2 \|match_IKS_HTA=2-1 \|match_IKS_MHA=1-1 \|match_IKS_MHE=3-0 \|match_IKS_MNE=0-0 \|match_IKS_MPT=2-1 \|match_IKS_MTA=1-0
\|name_MHA=Maccabi Haifa \|match_MHA_BEI=0-0 \|match_MHA_BnS=0-1 \|match_MHA_BnY=1-0 \|match_MHA_ASH=3-0 \|match_MHA_HKS=2-1 \|match_MHA_HTA=2-0 \|match_MHA_IKS=1-0 \|match_MHA_MHE=1-1 \|match_MHA_MNE=0-2 \|match_MHA_MPT=0-1 \|match_MHA_MTA=3-1
\|name_MHE=Maccabi Herzliya \|match_MHE_BEI=1-1 \|match_MHE_BnS=0-1 \|match_MHE_BnY=0-2 \|match_MHE_ASH=1-1 \|match_MHE_HKS=0-0 \|match_MHE_HTA=2-3 \|match_MHE_IKS=1-3 \|match_MHE_MHA=0-1 \|match_MHE_MNE=1-2 \|match_MHE_MPT=1-1 \|match_MHE_MTA=1-3
\|name_MNE=Maccabi Netanya \|match_MNE_BEI=0-1 \|match_MNE_BnS=1-2 \|match_MNE_BnY=0-0 \|match_MNE_ASH=3-0 \|match_MNE_HKS=2-3 \|match_MNE_HTA=0-0 \|match_MNE_IKS=0-0 \|match_MNE_MHA=2-1 \|match_MNE_MHE=0-0 \|match_MNE_MPT=1-0 \|match_MNE_MTA=1-0
\|name_MPT=Maccabi Petah Tikva \|match_MPT_BEI=1-2 \|match_MPT_BnS=2-0 \|match_MPT_BnY=1-0 \|match_MPT_ASH=0-0 \|match_MPT_HKS=0-1 \|match_MPT_HTA=2-1 \|match_MPT_IKS=3-1 \|match_MPT_MHA=1-1 \|match_MPT_MHE=1-1 \|match_MPT_MNE=0-0 \|match_MPT_MTA=3-2
\|name_MTA=Maccabi Tel Aviv \|match_MTA_BEI=0-0 \|match_MTA_BnS=0-0 \|match_MTA_BnY=3-1 \|match_MTA_ASH=1-1 \|match_MTA_HKS=0-1 \|match_MTA_HTA=1-3 \|match_MTA_IKS=2-2 \|match_MTA_MHA=0-3 \|match_MTA_MHE=2-0 \|match_MTA_MNE=0-2 \|match_MTA_MPT=2-1
\|update=complete \|source=[Israel Football Association](https://www.football.org.il/leagues/league/?league_id=40&season_id=9) }}
### Third round {#third_round}
{{#invoke:sports results\|main \|matches_style=FBR \|team1=BEI\|team2=BnS\|team3=BnY\|team4=ASH\|team5=HKS \|team6=HTA\|team7=IKS\|team8=MHA\|team9=MHE\|team10=MNE \|team11=MPT\|team12=MTA
\|name_BEI=Beitar Jerusalem \|match_BEI_BnS=1-2 \|match_BEI_BnY=0-1 \|match_BEI_ASH=null \|match_BEI_HKS=null \|match_BEI_HTA=null \|match_BEI_IKS=null \|match_BEI_MHA=null \|match_BEI_MHE=3-1 \|match_BEI_MNE=3-0 \|match_BEI_MPT=4-0 \|match_BEI_MTA=1-1
\|name_BnS=Bnei Sakhnin \|match_BnS_BEI=null \|match_BnS_BnY=1-3 \|match_BnS_ASH=1-2 \|match_BnS_HKS=2-0 \|match_BnS_HTA=0-1 \|match_BnS_IKS=null \|match_BnS_MHA=1-0 \|match_BnS_MHE=null \|match_BnS_MNE=1-1 \|match_BnS_MPT=null \|match_BnS_MTA=null
\|name_BnY=Bnei Yehuda \|match_BnY_BEI=null \|match_BnY_BnS=null \|match_BnY_ASH=2-0 \|match_BnY_HKS=3-0 \|match_BnY_HTA=2-3 \|match_BnY_IKS=null \|match_BnY_MHA=null \|match_BnY_MHE=2-0 \|match_BnY_MNE=null \|match_BnY_MPT=null \|match_BnY_MTA=0-1
\|name_ASH=F.C. Ashdod \|match_ASH_BEI=1-0 \|match_ASH_BnS=null \|match_ASH_BnY=null \|match_ASH_HKS=3-1 \|match_ASH_HTA=2-1 \|match_ASH_IKS=2-0 \|match_ASH_MHA=2-0 \|match_ASH_MHE=null \|match_ASH_MNE=null \|match_ASH_MPT=null \|match_ASH_MTA=null
\|name_HKS=Hapoel Kfar Saba \|match_HKS_BEI=0-4 \|match_HKS_BnS=null \|match_HKS_BnY=null \|match_HKS_ASH=null \|match_HKS_HTA=null \|match_HKS_IKS=1-3 \|match_HKS_MHA=1-0 \|match_HKS_MHE=3-3 \|match_HKS_MNE=null \|match_HKS_MPT=null \|match_HKS_MTA=2-3
\|name_HTA=Hapoel Tel Aviv \|match_HTA_BEI=3-1 \|match_HTA_BnS=null \|match_HTA_BnY=null \|match_HTA_ASH=null \|match_HTA_HKS=0-1 \|match_HTA_IKS=2-0 \|match_HTA_MHA=1-1 \|match_HTA_MHE=2-1 \|match_HTA_MNE=null \|match_HTA_MPT=null \|match_HTA_MTA=null
\|name_IKS=Ironi Kiryat Shmona \|match_IKS_BEI=3-2 \|match_IKS_BnS=0-1 \|match_IKS_BnY=2-0 \|match_IKS_ASH=null \|match_IKS_HKS=null \|match_IKS_HTA=null \|match_IKS_MHA=null \|match_IKS_MHE=2-2 \|match_IKS_MNE=null \|match_IKS_MPT=1-0 \|match_IKS_MTA=3-1
\|name_MHA=Maccabi Haifa \|match_MHA_BEI=0-1 \|match_MHA_BnS=null \|match_MHA_BnY=0-1 \|match_MHA_ASH=null \|match_MHA_HKS=null \|match_MHA_HTA=null \|match_MHA_IKS=2-1 \|match_MHA_MHE=3-0 \|match_MHA_MNE=null \|match_MHA_MPT=0-0 \|match_MHA_MTA=3-3
\|name_MHE=Maccabi Herzliya \|match_MHE_BEI=null \|match_MHE_BnS=0-2 \|match_MHE_BnY=null \|match_MHE_ASH=2-0 \|match_MHE_HKS=null \|match_MHE_HTA=null \|match_MHE_IKS=null \|match_MHE_MHA=null \|match_MHE_MNE=0-2 \|match_MHE_MPT=0-1 \|match_MHE_MTA=1-0
\|name_MNE=Maccabi Netanya \|match_MNE_BEI=null \|match_MNE_BnS=null \|match_MNE_BnY=3-2 \|match_MNE_ASH=1-0 \|match_MNE_HKS=1-1 \|match_MNE_HTA=3-0 \|match_MNE_IKS=1-2 \|match_MNE_MHA=0-2 \|match_MNE_MHE=null \|match_MNE_MPT=null \|match_MNE_MTA=null
\|name_MPT=Maccabi Petah Tikva \|match_MPT_BEI=null \|match_MPT_BnS=0-4 \|match_MPT_BnY=0-1 \|match_MPT_ASH=0-3 \|match_MPT_HKS=1-0 \|match_MPT_HTA=1-2 \|match_MPT_IKS=null \|match_MPT_MHA=null \|match_MPT_MHE=null \|match_MPT_MNE=0-1 \|match_MPT_MTA=null
\|name_MTA=Maccabi Tel Aviv \|match_MTA_BEI=null \|match_MTA_BnS=3-1 \|match_MTA_BnY=null \|match_MTA_ASH=2-0 \|match_MTA_HKS=null \|match_MTA_HTA=2-1 \|match_MTA_IKS=null \|match_MTA_MHA=null \|match_MTA_MHE=null \|match_MTA_MNE=0-0 \|match_MTA_MPT=2-1
\|update=complete \|source=[Israel Football Association](https://www.football.org.il/leagues/league/?league_id=40&season_id=9) }}
## Goals
### Top Goalscorers {#top_goalscorers}
Rank Player Club Goals
------ ----------------- --------------------- -------
1 Samuel Yeboah Hapoel Kfar Saba 15
2 Rômulo Beitar Jerusalem 12
Yannick Kamanan Maccabi Tel Aviv 12
Moshe Biton Bnei Yehuda 12
5 Dimitar Makriev F.C. Ashdod 11
6 Yero Bello Ironi Kiryat Shmona 10
Yeghia Yavruyan Bnei Sakhnin 10
8 Yossi Shivhon Maccabi Tel Aviv 9
Maor Buzaglo Bnei Sakhnin 9
Yuval Avidor Ironi Kiryat Shmona 9
Source: [The Israel Football Association](http://football.org.il/Leagues/Pages/PlayerTopGoals
| 498 |
2007–08 Israeli Premier League
| 1 |
10,999,179 |
# Nelly Richard
**Nelly Richard** (born 1948) is a Chilean cultural theorist and editor of the *Revista de crítica cultural*. Among her books are *The Insubordination of Signs* and *Cultural Residues*.
Critic Jon Beasley-Murray writes in a review of her work that \"Nelly Richard has been for over two decades the most tireless campaigner and theorist for the potential and role of art, first in dictatorial and then in postdictatorial Chile, and more broadly in the current neoliberal and postideological condition that first emerged under General Augusto Pinochet but now affects us all.\"
Richard has been important in disseminating the work of contemporary thinkers and writers such as Beatriz Sarlo, Néstor García Canclini, Jacques Derrida, Ernesto Laclau, Frederic Jameson, Jesús Martín Barbero, and Diamela Eltit throughout Latin America.
Marisol Vera, editorial director of Cuarto Proprio, writes in the introduction to the 1994 edition *La insubordinación de los signos* that \"her texts, and their attendant discussions, enable a field of inquiry that are vital for cultural reflection and critical debate in the post-transition years.\"
In the introduction to the English translation of *La insubordinación de los signos*, Alice A. Nelson and Silvia R. Tandeciarz write that Richard\'s work is located at \"the intersection of literary criticism, art history, aesthetics, philosophy, and feminist theory.\"
## Biography
Richard was born in Caen, France in 1948, and studied modern literature at the Paris-Sorbonne University. She moved to Chile in 1970 and became involved in local networks of art criticism and curatorship. Her work included coordinating exhibitions of visual art at the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, under the direction of Nemesio Antúnez. She left this post after the violent upheaval of the 1973 Chilean coup d\'état.
During the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet, Richard worked extensively within the Escena de Avanzada art movement whose focus was to confront the military regime\'s intervention in and censorship of museums, academia, and communications in general. Richard was a key figure in shaping this movement and broadcasting to the outside world. The movement lends its name to an entire section of *Márgenes e Instituciones, Arte en Chile desde 1973*. Escena de Avanzada was particularly active in national and international expositions, as well as publications, edited and curated by Richard. Among them is the Chilean presence at the 1982 Paris Biennale, the journals CAL and La Separata, and editions from the galleries Cromo and Sur
After the transition to democracy, Richard was founding director of the Revista de Crítica Cultural until it ceased publication in 2008. It was during this period that her work turned to postcolonial thought and gender theory, which further established her as a distinguished figure in the Chilean feminist movement. Richard had previously been one of the primary organizers of the First Congress of Female Latin American Literature held in 1987 in Santiago de Chile.
She was a Guggenheim Fellow in 1996. Between 1997 and 2000, she was director of the Rockefeller Foundation in Chile\'s program Postdictadura y transición democrática: identidades sociales, prácticas culturales y lenguajes estéticos. She has directed the Editorial Cuarto Propio series Crítica y ensayos, and was an invited researcher at the Museo Nacional Cetro de Arte Reina Sofía en España.
She is currently director of Cultural Studies at Universidad ARCIS, and vice-rector of Outreach, Communications, and Publications. She is a member of Distinguished Professors in Aesthetics Cluster in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Chile, as well as the Advisory Council in the Spanish and Portuguese Department at Princeton University.
## Publications
- *Campos cruzados. Crítica cultural, latinoamericanismo y saberes al borde*, 2009
- *Feminismo, Género y diferencia(s)* 2008
- \"Fugitive Identities and Dissenting Code-Systems: Women Artists During the Military Dictatorship in Chile\", in *WACK!* Los Angeles Museum of Contemporary Art 2007 exhibition catalogue
- *Fracturas de la memoria
| 629 |
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| 0 |
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# Freaky Eaters (British TV programme)
***Freaky Eaters*** is a British factual television programme produced by independent television production company *betty* for BBC Three. Broadcast dates were February--March 2007 (Series 1), February--April 2008 (Series 2), and February--April 2009 (Series 3). Series 1 was narrated by the actress Jill Halfpenny and Series 2 by Sharon Horgan.
## Synopsis
Each episode focuses on an individual with some form of eating disorder, often a selective eating disorder (an extremely restricted diet, often to the point of avoiding entire food groups), or food neophobia.
With the help of a team of specialist experts, techniques are employed to help the person overcome their eating problems and develop more healthy diets.
In Series 1, the specialist experts were nutritionist Natalie Savona and psychological coach Benjamin Fry. In Series 2 psychologist Dr. Stephen Briers took over from Benjamin Fry. In Series 3, Charlotte Watts took over as nutritionist and Felix Economakis as the psychological coach. Dr. Pixie McKenna adopted the role of programme doctor across all three series.
## Episodes
Source:
### Series 1 {#series_1}
1. Addicted to Crisps and Pizza (Kevin Johnson)
2. Addicted to Chips (Sarah Dolby)
3. Addicted to Cheese (Dave Nunley)
4. Addicted to Spaghetti hoops (Adrian England)
5. Addicted to Chocolate (Rachel Renton)
6. Addicted to Junk Food (Debbie Ezeogu)
7. Addicted to Junk Food 2 (Martyn Sadd)
### Series 2 {#series_2}
1. Addicted to Burnt Sausages (Natalie Holland)
2. Addicted to Junk Food (radio presenter Chris Hawkins)
3. Addicted to Meat (Pete Turner)
4. Addicted to Bread (Joanne Stappard)
5. Addicted to Meat and Potatoes (Kerry Singleton)
6. Addicted to Biscuits (Andrew Forster)
7. Addicted to Potatoes (Joanne Adams)
8. Addicted to Pasta (Helen Tree)
9. Addicted to Cheese (Kate Silk)
### Series 3 {#series_3}
1. Addicted to Bacon and Burgers (Niquita Hartchley)
2. Addicted to Cheese (Vicki Zukiewicz)
3. Addicted to Beans and chips (Tom Bull)
4. Addicted to Brown Sauce (Jamie Davidson)
5. Addicted to Chips (Dave Wheatley)
6. Addicted to Diet Cola (Katie Walker)
7. Addicted to Yorkshire puddings (Aaron Saunders)
8. Addicted to Meat (Richard Smart)
## Cancellation
The show was cancelled by the BBC in April 2010. On the Richard Bacon BBC Radio 5 Live show in December 2010, Harry Hill, who had regularly lampooned *Freaky Eaters* on *Harry Hill\'s TV Burp*, stated he had been told by a producer of *Freaky Eaters* that his coverage of the show was the reason it had been commissioned for a second and third series.
## American version {#american_version}
*Freaky Eaters* spawned an American version that aired on TLC from September 2010 to June 2011
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# Giovanni Boaga
**Giovanni Boaga** (February 28, 1902 -- November 17, 1961) was an Italian mathematician and geodesy professor.
He was born in Trieste and died in Tripoli, Libya. His Gauss-Boaga Projection is the standard projection used in Italian topography by the Istituto Geografico Militare
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| 0 |
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# Thuljaji
**Thuljaji Bhonsle** (Marathi: तुळजाजी, also known as Tullasu Rasa) (1738--1787) was the eldest son of Pratap Singh and the ruler of Thanjavur Bhonsle dynasty from 1763 to 1773 and 1776 to 1787. He was a weak-hearted ruler despite being extremely generous. His period is known for the treaties which made Thanjavur subordinate to the British East India Company.
## Invasion of Ramnad and the Occupation of the Nawab of the Carnatic {#invasion_of_ramnad_and_the_occupation_of_the_nawab_of_the_carnatic}
In 1771, Thuljaji invaded the dominion of the Polygar of Ramnad who had wrested Hanumantagudi from Thanjavur during the reign of Pratapsingh. The Raja of Ramnad was a dependent of the Nawab of Carnatic and this act of aggression by Thuljaji forced the Nawab to interfere. The Nawab and the East India company laid siege to Tanjore, and forced the Raj to surrender. A humiliating treaty was forced upon the Raja and was later ratified by the officials of the British East India Company. Eighty lakhs of arrears had to be paid apart from a war indemnity of thirty-two lakhs. Thuljaji also ceded two Subhas of Thanjavur to the Nawab. Arni and Hanumantagudi were taken from the Raja\'s hands and Thanjavur was to have the same foreign policy as the kingdom of the Nawab.
Humiliated and shaken by the provisions of the treaty, Thuljaji applied to the Peshwa for help. A large army commanded by Raghoba was dispatched to help Thuljaji. But court intrigues at Satara forced him to turn back. Thanjavur was taken by the forces of the Nawab of Carnatic and Thuljaji was deposed. Thanjavur loathed under the rule of the Nawab for three years (from 1773 to 1776).
## Restoration
In 1776, the Board of Directors of the British East India Company ordered the restoration of Thuljaji. However, soon after his restoration a treaty was forced upon him by which he became a mere vassal of the British. His army was disbanded and replaced with Company troops. He was to pay regular tribute to both the Nawab and the Company.
## The Second Mysore War {#the_second_mysore_war}
The Second Mysore War broke out in 1780 between Hyder Ali and the Company. The very next year, along with his son Tipu Sultan he invaded Thanjavur. The Mysore army was in occupation of the kingdom for 6 months. The region was plundered and the people carried away. The missionary Schwartz records the abduction of 20,000 children from Thanjavur by Tipu Sultan in the year 1784 alone. The produce fell and a calamity ensued. Thanjavur did not recover from the impact of Tipu\'s invasion till the beginning of the 19th century.
## Literature
Thuljaji was a fine writer and could compose in Sanskrit as well as Telugu and Marathi. He conferred the title of *Andhra Kalidasa* on poet Aluri Kuppana. Kuppana wrote classics such as *Acharyavijayamu*, *Panchanada Sthalapurana*, *Yakshaganas* of Ramayana and the Bhagavata, *Parana Bhagavatacharitra*, *Indumati Parinaya* and *Karmavipaka*.
Thuljaji was tolerant of other faiths and religions. He confided upon a Christian missionary called Schwartz who hoped to convert Thuljaji to Christianity. Thuljaji however remained a devout Hindu, drawn deeply to the Saivism sect.
## Death
Thuljaji died in 1787 at age 49 leaving behind an impoverished state. Two of his queens committed Sati. As two of his sons had predeceased him, he had adopted Serfoji from a collateral branch of the Bhonsle family. Serfoji II ascended the throne at the age of 10 with Thuljaji\'s brother Amarsingh as regent
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10,999,214 |
# Kalangi Nathar
**Kalangi Nathar** was an Indian ascetic who belonged to both the natha tradition of northern India and the siddha tradition of southern India. He was the guru of saint Bhogar and was born in Varanasi and belonged to the ancient tradition of nava (nine) nātha sadhus (holy ascetics), tracing their tradition to Shiva.
He is associated with the Kanjamalai hill in southern India and is often referred to us \"Kanjamalai Siddhar\". He attained mukti on this hill, near Kanchipuram, where his samadhi, now known as the Sidhhar Kovil temple, is still located. The hill is found in Sivathapuram a small village, 12 km away from Salem, India, enroute to Elampillai. The temple is also associated with Kali and Murugan.
## Biography
According to Bhogar\'s poems Kalangi was his father, which would mean that he was from the Porkollar (goldsmith) or the Vishwakarma caste.
Boghar glorifies Kalangi in many of his verses. Kalangi and Bhogar were considered to possess an ideal master and student relationship. It is said that they had a mutual spiritual progresses. Kalangi especially took care of the spiritual advancement of his disciple Bhogar and was behind Bhogar\'s development and innovations.
Kalangi stayed in Sathuragiri Hills and in Pothigai hills and is believed to have controlled wild animals with mantras. Kalangi is known for his tall physique and was an expert in the art of breath control (vaasi yogam).
He was the disciple of the great siddhar Tirumular. He is one among the seven disciples whom Tirumular bestowed his knowledge, the other six being Indran, Soman, Rudhran, Kanduru, Brahman, and Kanjamalaiyan.
## Identification with other saints {#identification_with_other_saints}
### Kamalamuni
Kalangi Nathar is often believed to be the same as the saint Kamalamuni. In the 63rd song of *Kamalamuni Suthiram 76*, a line states \"Kamalamuni alias Kalangi\".
The following information is available about Sri Kamalamuni in the book *Bogar 7000* written by Bhogar.
- Song 5729: Kamalamuni was born in the Tamil month of Vaikasi (May --- June), his birth star being the second part of Poosam.
- Song 5725: The siddhar named Kamalamuni belongs to Kuravar caste. He lived for six-eight generations.
- Song 5841: Kamalamuni is 4000 years and some 300 odd (days) old. He lived in China for a long time.
However, Karuvurar in his book *Vadha Kaviyam* (song 584) says that \"Maamuni\" belonged to the \"Kannar\" caste. He does not explicitly say \"Kamalamuni\", but only mentions the name of \"Maamuni\". It is not clearly known whether Karuvurar refers to Kamalamuni or not.
In *Bhogar Janana Sasthra*, it is mentioned that Kamalamuni attained samadhi at Madurai. It is believed that siddhar Kamalamuni attained samadhi at Thiruvarur
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10,999,215 |
# Richard Jackson (colonial agent)
**Richard Jackson, KC** (c. 1721 -- 6 May 1787), nicknamed \"Omniscient Jackson\", was a British lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1762 to 1784. A King\'s Counsel, he acted as Official Solicitor or counsel of the Lords Commissioners for Trade and Plantations, owner of lands in New England, and colonial agent of Connecticut.
Jackson was called to the bar in 1744; he became a bencher of Lincoln\'s Inn in 1770 and its treasurer in 1780. He was a teacher of law in the Inner and Middle Temples; among his students was William Franklin, son of Benjamin Franklin. Jackson was a collaborator in Franklins\' political interests during their London years. He was also Member of Parliament for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis from 1762 to 1768 and for New Romney from 1768 until 1784, and was one of the Lords of the Treasury from 1782 to 1783. In 1781, he was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries
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| 0 |
10,999,233 |
# Pingding County
**Pingding County** (`{{zh|s=平定县 |p=Píngdìng Xiàn}}`{=mediawiki}) is a county in the east of Shanxi Province, People\'s Republic of China, bordering Hebei to the east. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Yangquan, occupying its southeast corner
| 41 |
Pingding County
| 0 |
10,999,237 |
# René Mailhot
**René Mailhot** (1942/43 -- April 28, 2007) was a Canadian journalist from the province of Quebec. He began his career at the age of twenty with the French-language newspaper Le Droit, published in Ottawa. Afterwards, Mailhot went into public television in Moncton, New Brunswick.
While working with Radio-Canada during the FLQ October Crisis Mailhot was arrested and beaten twice by police officers.[1](https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GZEuAAAAIBAJ&sjid=I6EFAAAAIBAJ&dq=logos%20gazette&pg=828%2C800796)
Mailhot became noted for the public affairs programs *Le 60* (*The 60*) and *Télémag* during the 1970s. He was in journalism in print, on television and on the radio. He appeared on the programs *Indicatif présent* (*Present Indicative*) and *Sans frontière* (*Without Frontiers*), where he displayed and explained geopolitical maps. He specialized in popular science and international relations. Michel Désautels said of him, \"He had the knack for making complex things simple.\"
Mailhot traveled extensively throughout the world. He visited a total of more than 100 countries, including those in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. He reported on many major events, including the breakdown of the USSR, the fall of the Berlin Wall, the civil war in Mozambique, apartheid in South Africa, and the Islamic Revolution in Iran. On the local level, he was active during the October crisis in Quebec. He also observed the divergence between René Lévesque and Pierre Bourgault, two of the most prominent supporters of Quebec independence. He later became the international relations specialist at Radio-Canada.
Mailhot also directed the magazine *Le trente* (*The Thirty*), served as president of the Professional Journalists Federation of Quebec as well as the founder of the Press Council of Quebec.
He died from pneumonia on April 28, 2007, aged 64
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10,999,307 |
# Mahmud Raqi District
**Mahmud Raqi District** (*ولسوالی محمود راقی*) is located in the western part of Kapisa Province, Afghanistan. It borders with Parvan Province to the south and with other districts from Kapisa Province: Nijrab District and the former Kohistan District to the north and Tagab District to the southeast. The district center is the town of Mahmud Raqi - the provincial capital. The population is 56,800 (2006)
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Mahmud Raqi District
| 0 |
10,999,314 |
# Ilyushin Il-20 (1948)
The **Ilyushin Il-20** was a Soviet prototype for a heavily armored ground-attack aircraft to replace the Ilyushin Il-10. It featured a number of innovative concepts including a cockpit mounted on top of the engine, directly behind the propeller, and wing-mounted autocannon that could be adjusted on the ground to fire level or depressed 23° to allow the aircraft to strafe ground targets while remaining in level flight. However it was slower than the Il-10, and its M-47 engine was problematic in flight tests in 1948--49. It was not placed into production. The test pilots called the aircraft the *Gorbach* (Hunchback).
## Development
Ilyushin\'s concept to meet the 1947 requirement for a superior aircraft to the Il-10 in performance and firepower was a heavily armored, single-engine, all-metal, low-wing monoplane powered by the newly developed M-47---also known as the MF-45Sh or M-45Sh---liquid-cooled engine, which developed 3000 hp at takeoff. The design\'s most notable feature was the pilot\'s cockpit mounted directly above the engine, reminiscent of the Blackburn Blackburn and Blackburn Cubaroo. Furthermore, the cockpit was situated directly behind the four-bladed propeller to maximize pilot visibility. The windshield extended down to the propeller hub and provided the pilot with a 37° downward field of view; in a medium dive he could view targets directly underneath the aircraft.
As was traditional with Ilyushin\'s ground-attack aircraft the Il-20 used a load-bearing armored shell to protect the pilot and gunner as well as the engine, fuel, lubrication and cooling systems. The thickness of the armor varied between 6 and and weighed a total of 1840 kg. The pilot\'s canopy used armored glass 100 mm thick for the main windshield and 65 mm for the quarterlights.
A wide variety of armament suites were considered for the Il-20. One involved two wing-mounted 23 mm cannon and two others mounted in the fuselage, fixed downwards at a 23° angle for strafing targets in level flight. This version\'s normal bombload was only 400 kg, but 700 kg could be carried in overload condition or four RS-132 rockets could be carried instead. Another version used one 45 mm cannon, two 23 mm guns and six underwing rockets. Most studies placed the rear gunner in a dorsal turret separated from the cockpit by the main fuel tank, but one study put him in an armored Il-K8 rear turret, but this required a longer fuselage and moving the wings aft to maintain the CG in the right place.
The obliquely-mounted fuselage cannon were thought to be too difficult to aim and were not included in the prototype; the weight savings allowed the ammunition for the four 23 mm Shpital\'nyy Sh-3 wing-mounted guns to be increased to 900 rounds. One additional innovation in the prototype was that they could be adjusted on the ground to fire at a 23° downward angle in addition to the normal level position. The dorsal gunner also fired a Sh-3 gun, which was mounted in a separate, remotely controlled, Il-VU-11 turret that could traverse through 180° and elevated to a maximum of 80°. A cassette of ten AG-2 aerial grenades was provided to deter any fighters approaching from below. Maximum bomb load was 1190 kg and four bomb bays were provided in the wing center-section for small bombs. Alternatively two 500 kg bombs could be carried on wing racks. Launch rails were provided for four 132 mm RS-132 rockets.
The prototype was completed on 27 November 1948 and its first flight was shortly afterwards on 4 December. The best speed that the Il-20 could manage was only 515 km/h at an altitude of 2800 m, 36 km/h slower than the Il-10 at the same altitude, possibly a consequence of the increased drag and weight penalties inherent in the greater fuselage cross-section and area as a result of the placement of the pilot above the engine. The new M-47 engine proved to be defective with severe vibration problems. Other problems were that the Air Force was not satisfied with the armament and that access to the engine for routine maintenance was severely hampered by the placement of the cockpit over the engine. Another concern was the close placement of the cockpit to the propeller; this was believed to increase the risk to the pilot if he had to bail out or make a belly landing---in which case the bent propeller blades might hit the canopy.
These issues, coupled with emerging jet engine technology, led to the cancellation of the Il-20 program on 14 May 1949
| 749 |
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| 0 |
10,999,318 |
# Oliver Todd
**Oliver C. Todd** (1916--2001) was an American jazz band leader, organ, piano, and trumpet player. He was born in Kansas City, United States. He was one of the city\'s most famous band leaders and led a band known as the Hottentots, a group he formed in 1934 with Kansas City, Kansas, resident Margaret Johnson, who would assume leadership after Todd left the band in 1936.
Hottentots members included, at various times, the following musicians: Tiny Davis (trumpet) formerly with The International Sweethearts of Rhythm, Gene Ramey (string bass), Winston Williams (string bass), Bill Graham (alto sax) later with Count Basie and Ellington, Clifford Love, Eddie McClelland (tenor sax) and Clayborn Graves. In 1992, he won the KC Jazz Heritage Award. He was also a friend of Charlie Parker.
Oliver Todd died July 16, 2001, at the age of 83. After his death, he was for some time interred in an unmarked grave until The Coda Jazz Fund paid for a headstone for him
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Oliver Todd
| 0 |
10,999,380 |
# James Annesley, 3rd Earl of Anglesey
**James Annesley, 3rd Earl of Anglesey** (3 Jul 1674--21 January 1702), succeeded to his Earldom on the death of his father, James Annesley, 2nd Earl of Anglesey in 1690, the same year in which he matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford. His mother was Lady Elizabeth Manners, daughter of John Manners, 8th Earl of Rutland. In October 1699 he married Lady Catherine Darnley, illegitimate daughter of James II of England by Catherine Sedley, Countess of Dorchester. They had a daughter, Lady Catherine Annesley, who married William Phipps and was an ancestress of the Baron Mulgrave.
The couple were legally separated in June 1701, on the grounds of Anglesey\'s cruelty to his wife. The earl, already suffering from consumption, died in the following January
| 129 |
James Annesley, 3rd Earl of Anglesey
| 0 |
10,999,403 |
# Indi Nadarajah
**Indi Nadarajah** (Tamil: இந்தி நடராஜா; born 2 July 1959) is an actor and comedian based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. He regularly performs on the Malaysian stage for both public and private shows. At present, he works with fellow Malaysian actor Allan Perera in a comedy duo called *Comedy Court*. Apart from his work on stage, he has also starred in the film *Setem* (2009) and features in the Channel 4 drama *Indian Summers* (2015).
## Early life {#early_life}
Nadarajah was born in Kuala Lumpur to Sri Lankan Tamil parents. He attended Cochrane Road School in Kuala Lumpur and Oswestry School in Shropshire, England. After finishing school, he returned to Malaysia and became involved in the amateur theatre scene, performing with the then Liberal Arts Society among others.
## Career
Nadarajah started his acting career working with the Instant Café Theatre, of which he was an early member. In 1994, the Instant Café produced *The Oblong Bar*, a short play devised within the company by Nadarajah, which was later developed into a full-length play titled *Quid Pro Quo*. In 1997, he began work on a comedy duo, along with fellow Malaysian actor Allan Perera, called Comedy Court. The pair celebrated their 10th anniversary in 2007 and still continue to perform shows at the present time.
## Filmography
- *Setem* (2009)
## TV shows {#tv_shows}
- *Silver Lining*
- *Crossings*
- *Small Mission Enterprise*
- *Indian Summers*
## Awards
In 2002, Nadarajah was awarded the BOH Cameronian Arts Award for Best Acting Ensemble (along with Allan Perera) for his starring role in The Actor\'s Studio, Malaysia production of The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde. In 2009, he was nominated for Best Supporting Actor for his role in Setem (2009) by the Malaysia Film Festival
| 297 |
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| 0 |
10,999,436 |
# Process performance index
In process improvement efforts, the **process performance index** is an estimate of the process capability of a process during its initial set-up, *before* it has been brought into a state of statistical control.
Formally, if the upper and lower specifications of the process are USL and LSL, the estimated mean of the process is $\hat{\mu}$, and the estimated variability of the process (expressed as a standard deviation) is $\hat{\sigma}$, then the process performance index is defined as:
: $\hat{P}_{pk} = \min \Bigg[ {USL - \hat{\mu} \over 3 \hat{\sigma}}, { \hat{\mu} - LSL \over 3 \hat{\sigma}} \Bigg]$
$\hat{\sigma}$ is estimated using the sample standard deviation. P~pk~ may be negative if the process mean falls outside the specification limits (because the process is producing a large proportion of defective output).
Some specifications may only be one sided (for example, strength). For specifications that only have a lower limit, $\hat{P}_{p,lower} = {\hat{\mu} - LSL \over 3 \hat{\sigma}}$; for those that only have an upper limit, $\hat{P}_{p,upper} = {USL - \hat{\mu} \over 3 \hat{\sigma}}$.
Practitioners may also encounter $\hat{P}_{p} = \frac{USL - LSL} {6 \hat{\sigma}}$, a metric that does not account for process performance not exactly centered between the specification limits, and therefore is interpreted as what the process would be capable of achieving if it could be centered and stabilized.
## Interpretation
Larger values of P~pk~ may be interpreted to indicate that a process is more capable of producing output within the specification limits, though this interpretation is controversial. Strictly speaking, from a statistical standpoint, P~pk~ is meaningless if the process under study is not in control because one cannot reliably estimate the process underlying probability distribution, let alone parameters like $\hat{\mu}$ and $\hat{\sigma}$.`{{Disputed inline|date=February 2021}}`{=mediawiki} Furthermore, using this metric of past process performance to predict future performance is highly suspect.`{{Disputed inline|date=February 2021}}`{=mediawiki}
From a management standpoint, when an organization is under pressure to set up a new process quickly and economically, P~pk~ is a convenient metric to gauge how set-up is progressing (increasing P~pk~ being interpreted as \"the process capability is improving\"). The risk is that P~pk~ is taken to mean a process is ready for production before all the kinks have been worked out of it.
Once a process is put into a state of statistical control, process capability is described using process capability indices, which are formulaically identical to P~pk~ (and P~p~).`{{Disputed inline|date=February 2021}}`{=mediawiki} The indices are named differently in order to call attention to whether the process under study is believed to be in control or not.
## Example
Consider a quality characteristic with a target of 100.00 μm and upper and lower specification limits of 106.00 μm and 94.00 μm, respectively. If, after carefully monitoring the process for a while, it appears that the process is out of control and producing output unpredictably (as depicted in the run chart below), one can\'t meaningfully estimate its mean and standard deviation. In the example below, the process mean appears to drift upward, settle for a while, and then drift downward.
If $\hat{\mu}$ and $\hat{\sigma}$ are estimated to be 99.61 μm and 1.84 μm, respectively, then
Index
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$\hat{P}_p = \frac{USL - LSL} {6 \hat{\sigma}} = \frac{106.00 - 94.00} {6 \times 1.84} = 1.09$
$\hat{P}_{pk} = \min \Bigg[ {USL - \hat{\mu} \over 3 \hat{\sigma}}, { \hat{\mu} - LSL \over 3 \hat{\sigma}} \Bigg] = \min \Bigg[ {106.00 - 99.61 \over 3 \times 1.84}, { 99.61 - 94 \over 3 \times 1.84} \Bigg] = 1.02$
That the process mean appears to be unstable is reflected in the relatively low values for P~p~ and P~pk~. The process is producing a significant number of defectives, and, until the cause of the unstable process mean is identified and eliminated, one really can\'t meaningfully quantify how this process will perform
| 627 |
Process performance index
| 0 |
10,999,444 |
# Triangular routing
**Triangular routing** is a method for transmitting packets of data in communications networks. It uses a form of routing that sends a packet to a proxy system before transmission to the intended destination. Triangular routing is a problem in mobile IP; however, it finds applications in other networking situations, for instance to avoid problems associated with network address translation (NAT), implemented for example by Skype.
2) Datagram is intercepted 3) Datagram is
by home agent and detunneled and
is tunneled to the delivered to the
care-of address. mobile node.
+-----+ +-------+ +------+
|home | =======> |foreign| ------> |mobile|
|agent| | agent | <------ | node |
+-----+ +-------+ +------+
1) Datagram to /|\ /
mobile node | / 4) For datagrams sent by the
arrives on | / mobile node, standard IP
home network | / routing delivers each to its
via standard | |_ destination. In this figure,
IP routing. +----+ the foreign agent is the
|host| mobile node's default router.
+----+
Figure 1: Operation of Mobile IPv4
## Description
Notations Used
: CH`{{dash}}`{=mediawiki}Correspondent Host
: MH`{{dash}}`{=mediawiki}Mobile Host
: HA`{{dash}}`{=mediawiki}Home Agent
: FA`{{dash}}`{=mediawiki}Foreign Agent
### Triangular routing problem {#triangular_routing_problem}
The problem in communication between a fixed host and a mobile host, such as a home computer and a smartphone, is that while the mobile host knows the fixed host\'s address, the fixed host does not know the mobile host\'s current address. Therefore, different routing must be used for the different directions.
In mobile IP, packets that are sent to a mobile host by the correspondent host are first routed to the mobile host\'s home agent and then forwarded to the mobile host at its current location by its home agent. However, packets that are sent from the mobile host should not be handled in this way.
### Solution
For mobile IP, routing optimization is necessary because all packets sent to the mobile host (MH) shall pass through the home agent (HA) but the route may not be the best. After receiving the packets sent by the correspondent host (CH) to the MH, the HA notifies the CH of the binding information about the MH, i.e., the current foreign agent (FA) address of the MH, and the CH encapsulates the packets and establishes the tunnel to the FA for transparent transmission. The binding information is transferred via a definite port number. If the MH moves again, the new FA will transfer the updated binding information to the old FA to ensure that the packets are transferred to the new FA. And meanwhile, the HA gets the updated binding information so the subsequent packets will be transferred directly from the CH to the new FA. The mobile IP with route optimization sets high requirements on the CH. The CH shall have the ability to obtain the binding information, encapsulate the packets and establish the tunnel. Therefore, the CH protocol stack needs many modifications.
This may lead to problems when using services that do ingress filtering, since the source address on the packet will be the home address of the mobile host, not the care-of address assigned to the host on its guest network. To avoid this, many mobile IP implementations offer the option of tunneling packets from the mobile host through the home agent, too.
Unlike in mobile IPv4, mobile IPv6 avoids triangular routing and is therefore as efficient as native IPv6
| 564 |
Triangular routing
| 0 |
10,999,458 |
# Paul Morris (racing driver)
**Paul \"The Dude\" Morris** (born 22 December 1967) is an Australian motor racing driver and team owner. The owner of Paul Morris Motorsport, he competes in Queensland sprint car racing and the Stadium Super Trucks, the latter of which includes the series\' Australian Boost Mobile Super Trucks championship. He won the SST championship in 2017 and the Boost Mobile Super Trucks title in 2021.
Morris is one of two people, alongside Shane Van Gisbergen, to have won all three major car racing events at Mount Panorama; the Bathurst 1000, Bathurst 6 Hour and Bathurst 12 Hour.
## Early career {#early_career}
Morris started his motor racing career at the age of 19 in 1987, driving in the Queensland Gemini Series. He won Rookie of the Year in his debut season, and won the state championship the following year. He spent the next three years competing in Formula Ford.
Morris made his Bathurst debut in 1991, driving a Toyota Corolla. He won the Class C title that year with Geoff Full.
He joined the BMW Works team in 1992, and competed in the Australian Touring Car Championship for several years. Morris went on to compete in the Australian Super Touring Championship from 1994 to 2000 (excluding 1998), winning four championships. His notable sponsors during this time were Benson & Hedges and Diet Coke. He also competed in the V8 Touring Car Championship full-time in 1994, driving a Holden Commodore sponsored by Diet Coke. That same year, he would claim another class victory at the Bathurst 1000 with German driver Altfrid Heger in a BMW, having written off his Holden in testing prior to the race.
In 1998, Morris drove for PacWest Racing in the PPG Dayton Indy Lights Championship in the United States. His best result was sixth in the opening round at Homestead.
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# Paul Morris (racing driver)
## V8 Supercars {#v8_supercars}
Morris co-drove with the Holden Racing Team in the 1999 endurance events. He finished third with Mark Skaife at Bathurst in that year.
From 2000, Morris again competed in the V8 Supercar Series full-time. Originally sponsored by Big Kev, he was involved in a major start-line accident at the Oran Park round in 2000. He suffered a number of fractured vertebrae in this accident, and narrowly escaped the flaming wreckage of his VS Commodore.
Morris recovered without missing any V8 Supercar races, and he went on to achieve his first major success at Calder Park Raceway in 2001, where he won two of the three races and won the round overall.
In the week leading up to the final V8 Supercar round of 2008 Morris announced he would no longer be driving full-time in 2009 and that the team were searching for a full-time replacement in the No. 67 Commodore.
In 2011, Morris competes in the second-tier Fujitsu V8 Supercar Series in one of the teams older Commodores.
In 2014, Morris won the Bathurst 1000 outright for the first time as co-driver to Chaz Mostert for Ford Performance Racing. Morris had previously \'won\' the 1997 AMP Bathurst 1000 in a Super Touring BMW 320i with Craig Baird. However the Morris/Baird BMW was disqualified immediately after the race as the team had mistakenly left Baird in the car at its last pit stop, resulting in Baird breaching race regulations by driving for more than three continuous hours. The disqualification handed the win to team mates Geoff and David Brabham.
Speaking over the 2015 V8 Supercars Winton SuperSprint Morris announced his retirement from Bathurst after losing his co-driver seat to Cameron Waters.
Morris continues to race in the V8 Development Series.
## Sprintcars
Morris competes in Speedway Sprintcars in Australia in the KRE-engined No. 67 Supercheap Auto Sprintcar. Morris took his first Sprintcar pole position in Round 4 of the KRE Race Engines Track Championship at Brisbane International Speedway (Archerfield Speedway) in January 2011. He has also had heat wins in World Series Sprintcars.
Morris suffered a major crash at Archerfield during round 6 of the 2012/13 World Series Sprintcars. After winning his earlier heat race, Morris started from position 5 in the B Main, but lasted less than a ¼ of a lap after clipping the wheels of another car on the front straight resulting in his car going end over end and finally coming to rest in the middle of turn 2. Morris escaped the crash without injury, but his Sprintcar was in need of major repair.
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| 1 |
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# Paul Morris (racing driver)
## Stadium Super Trucks {#stadium_super_trucks}
In 2015, Morris made his Speed Energy Formula Off-Road (Stadium Super Trucks) debut at Surfers Paradise, where he finished third in the first race. A doubleheader on 25 October saw Morris finish fifth and second to score the overall win. A year later, he ran much of the 2016 schedule and finished fourth in points, the highest championship run for a winless driver that year.
Morris contested the full 2017 schedule as he scored three wins at Adelaide and Darwin (twice). Entering the season finale at Lake Elsinore Diamond, Morris trailed Matthew Brabham by 15 points but did not participate due to a rib injury. In his place, he had off-road veteran Jerett Brooks drive his No. 67 truck, with all points scored by Brooks going to Morris; Brooks finished eighth and second in the weekend, enabling Morris to win the 2017 championship by one point over Brabham.
In May 2018, the series formed an alliance with Boost Mobile to increase its presence in Australia. As part of the agreement, Paul Morris Motorsport became a logistics partner for the series\' Australian operations. However, SST was banned by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS) later that month for safety reasons. When the trucks returned in 2019 under the Boost Mobile Super Trucks name, Paul Morris Motorsport\'s Norwell Motorplex became its headquarters. In October 2019, Morris also ran his first SST race of the year at Gold Coast; he led much of the second race before colliding with Cole Potts on the final lap, surrendering the win to Brabham.
When the series began an Australian championship in 2020 called the Boost Mobile Super Trucks, Morris and Paul Morris Racing Academy development driver Luke van Herwaarde partnered to race under the Team Norwell name.
The 2021 Boost Mobile Super Trucks began with Morris winning two of three races in the opener at Symmons Plains Raceway before finishing second to Shae Davies in the last. The same pattern of winning the first two but being denied a sweep by Davies occurred a round later at Hidden Valley Raceway. The season ended early after the COVID-19 pandemic cancelled many of the final rounds. Morris and Davies were mathematically tied for the points lead with 93 points apiece, and the former held the tiebreaker as he had four wins to Davies\' two.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Morris is nicknamed \"The Dude\". He received the moniker when he returned from a trip to the United States in the 1990s, where the word \"dude\" was frequently used.
His son Nash Morris is also a racing driver who competes in the Super3 Series and Boost Mobile Super Trucks.
## Career highlights {#career_highlights}
- Winner, Australian Super Touring Championship 1995, 1997, 1999, 2000
- Winner, Bathurst 1000 (Australian Touring Car Championship) 1991 (Class C), 1994 (Class B)
- Winner, Bathurst 500 (Super Touring) 1999
- 3rd, Bob Jane T-Marts 1000 at Mount Panorama Circuit 1999
- Winner, Calder Park Raceway round of the 2001 Shell Championship Series
- 3rd, Bathurst 24 Hour at Mount Panorama Circuit 2003
- Winner Bathurst 12 Hour 2007 (BMW)
- Winner 2014 Bathurst 1000 with Chaz Mostert
- Winner 2017 Bathurst 6 Hour with Luke Searle
- Winner, Stadium Super Trucks 2017
| 548 |
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| 2 |
10,999,458 |
# Paul Morris (racing driver)
## Career results {#career_results}
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| Season | Series | Position | Car | Team |
+==========+=================================================+==========+======================+===========================+
| 1989 | Motorcraft Formula Ford Driver to Europe Series | 5th | Van Diemen RF89 Ford | Paul Morris |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 1990 | Motorcraft Formula Ford Driver to Europe Series | **3rd** | Van Diemen RF89 Ford | Morgan Vault Racing |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 1991 | Motorcraft Formula Ford Driver to Europe Series | 5th | Van Diemen RF91 Ford | Speedtech |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| | Australian Drivers\' Championship | 4th | Shrike NB89H Holden | |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 1992 | Australian Touring Car Championship | 9th | BMW M3 Evolution II | Tony Longhurst Racing |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 1993 | Australian Touring Car Championship | 16th | BMW M3 Evolution II | Tony Longhurst Racing |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 1994 | Australian Touring Car Championship | 13th | Holden VP Commodore | LoGaMo Racing |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| | Australian Manufacturers\' Championship | **2nd** | BMW 318i | LoGaMo Racing |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 1995 | Australian Super Touring Championship | **1st** | BMW 318i | Paul Morris Motorsport |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| | Australian GT Production Car Series | 5th | BMW M3R | Paul Morris Motorsport |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 1996 | Australian Super Touring Championship | **2nd** | BMW 318i | Paul Morris Motorsport |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 1996--97 | TraNZam Championship | **1st** | | |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 1997 | Australian Super Touring Championship | **1st** | BMW 320i | Paul Morris Motorsport |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 1998 | Indy Lights Championship | 21st | Lola T97/20 Buick | PacWest Racing |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| | Queensland Gemini Championship | **1st** | Holden Gemini Coupe | Paul Morris Motorsport |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 1999 | Australian Super Touring Championship | **1st** | BMW 320i | Paul Morris Motorsport |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| | Shell Championship Series | 37th | Holden VT Commodore | Holden Racing Team |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 2000 | Shell Championship Series | 19th | Holden VS Commodore\ | Paul Morris Motorsport |
| | | | Holden VT Commodore | |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 2000--01 | Australian Super Touring Championship | **1st** | BMW 320i | Paul Morris Motorsport |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 2001 | Shell Championship Series | 17th | Holden VT Commodore | Paul Morris Motorsport |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 2002 | V8 Supercar Championship Series | 35th | Holden VX Commodore | Paul Morris Motorsport |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 2003 | V8 Supercar Championship Series | 23rd | Holden VY Commodore | Paul Morris Motorsport |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 2004 | V8 Supercar Championship Series | 22nd | Holden VY Commodore | Paul Morris Motorsport |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 2005 | V8 Supercar Championship Series | 19th | Holden VZ Commodore | Paul Morris Motorsport |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 2006 | V8 Supercar Championship Series | 21st | Holden VZ Commodore | Paul Morris Motorsport |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 2007 | V8 Supercar Championship Series | 22nd | Holden VZ Commodore\ | Paul Morris Motorsport |
| | | | Holden VE Commodore | |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 2008 | V8 Supercar Championship Series | 20th | Holden VE Commodore | Paul Morris Motorsport |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 2009 | Fujitsu V8 Supercar Series | 35th | Holden VZ Commodore | Paul Morris Motorsport |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| | V8 Supercar Championship Series | 43rd | Holden VE Commodore | |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 2010 | Fujitsu V8 Supercar Series | 16th | Holden VZ Commodore | Paul Morris Motorsport |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| | V8 Supercar Championship Series | 40th | Holden VE Commodore | |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 2011 | International V8 Supercars Championship | 41st | Holden VE Commodore | Paul Morris Motorsport |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| | Fujitsu V8 Supercar Series | 8th | | |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 2012 | V8SuperTourer Championship | 33rd | Holden VE Commodore | AV8 Motorsport |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| | Dunlop V8 Supercar Series | 24th | Holden VE Commodore | Paul Morris Motorsport |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| | International V8 Supercars Championship | 57th | Ford FG Falcon | |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 2013 | V8SuperTourer Championship | 23rd | Holden VE Commodore | MPC Motorsport |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| | Dunlop V8 Supercar Series | 12th | | Paul Morris Motorsport |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| | International V8 Supercars Championship | 48th | Holden VF Commodore | Lucas Dumbrell Motorsport |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| | Pirtek Enduro Cup | 20th | | |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 2014 | International V8 Supercars Championship | 27th | Ford FG Falcon | Ford Performance Racing |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| | Pirtek Enduro Cup | **2nd** | | |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 2015 | V8 Supercars Dunlop Series | 14th | Ford FG Falcon | Paul Morris Motorsport |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| | Kerrick Sports Sedan Series | 14th | MARC | MARC Cars Australia |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| | Stadium Super Trucks | 11th | Stadium Super Truck | Supercheap Auto |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 2016 | Australian Production Car Series | **3rd** | BMW M135i | Roadchill Freight Express |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| | Stadium Super Trucks | 4th | Stadium Super Truck | UFD Racing |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 2017 | Stadium Super Trucks | **1st** | Stadium Super Truck | UFD Racing |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 2018 | Stadium Super Trucks | 8th | Stadium Super Truck | UFD Racing |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 2019 | Stadium Super Trucks | 14th | Stadium Super Truck | UFD Racing |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 2020 | Boost Mobile Super Trucks | N/A | Stadium Super Truck | Team Norwell |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
| 2021 | Boost Mobile Super Trucks | **1st** | Stadium Super Truck | Team Norwell |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------+----------+----------------------+---------------------------+
### Complete Bathurst 1000 results {#complete_bathurst_1000_results}
Year Car# Team Car Co-driver Position Laps
-------- ------ --------------------------- --------------------- -------------------- ---------- ------
1991 78 Speedtech Motorsport Toyota Sprinter Geoff Full 12th 140
1992 20 Benson & Hedges Racing BMW M3 Denny Hulme DNF 32
1993 23 LoGaMo Racing BMW M3 Joachim Winkelhock 15th 146
1994 46 LoGaMo Racing BMW 318i Altfrid Heger 10th 155
1997\* 2 Paul Morris Motorsport BMW 320i Craig Baird DSQ 161
1998\* 2 Brad Jones Racing Audi A4 Paul Radisich DNF 84
1999 2 Holden Racing Team Holden VT Commodore Mark Skaife **3rd** 161
2000 29 Paul Morris Motorsport Holden VT Commodore Matt Neal 12th 158
2001 29 Paul Morris Motorsport Holden VT Commodore Ashley Stichbury 12th 159
2002 29 Paul Morris Motorsport Holden VX Commodore Wayne Wakefield DNF 135
2003 29 Paul Morris Motorsport Holden VY Commodore John Faulkner DNF 5
2004 29 Paul Morris Motorsport Holden VY Commodore Alan Gurr DNF 50
2005 67 Paul Morris Motorsport Holden VZ Commodore Paul Radisich DNF 26
2006 67 Paul Morris Motorsport Holden VZ Commodore Steve Ellery 6th 161
2007 67 Paul Morris Motorsport Holden VE Commodore Steve Ellery DNF 145
2008 39 Paul Morris Motorsport Holden VE Commodore Russell Ingall 18th 156
2009 67 Paul Morris Motorsport Holden VE Commodore Tim Slade 7th 161
2010 39 Paul Morris Motorsport Holden VE Commodore Russell Ingall 8th 161
2011 49 Paul Morris Motorsport Holden VE Commodore Steve Owen 11th 161
2012 49 Paul Morris Motorsport Ford FG Falcon Steve Owen DNF 53
2013 80 Lucas Dumbrell Motorsport Holden VF Commodore Scott Pye 6th 161
2014 6 Ford Performance Racing Ford FG Falcon Chaz Mostert **1st** 161
\* Super Touring race
| 1,222 |
Paul Morris (racing driver)
| 3 |
10,999,458 |
# Paul Morris (racing driver)
## Career results {#career_results}
### Indy Lights results {#indy_lights_results}
<table>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th><p>Year</p></th>
<th><p>Team</p></th>
<th><p>1</p></th>
<th><p>2</p></th>
<th><p>3</p></th>
<th><p>4</p></th>
<th><p>5</p></th>
<th><p>6</p></th>
<th><p>7</p></th>
<th><p>8</p></th>
<th><p>9</p></th>
<th><p>10</p></th>
<th><p>11</p></th>
<th><p>12</p></th>
<th><p>13</p></th>
<th><p>14</p></th>
<th><p>Rank</p></th>
<th><p>Points</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><p>1998</p></td>
<td><p>PacWest Lights</p></td>
<td style="background:#CFEAFF;"><p>MIA<br />
</p></td>
<td style="background:#EFCFFF;"><p>LBH<br />
</p></td>
<td style="background:#EFCFFF;"><p>NZR<br />
</p></td>
<td style="background:#CFCFFF;"><p>STL<br />
</p></td>
<td style="background:#EFCFFF;"><p>MIL<br />
</p></td>
<td style="background:#CFCFFF;"><p>DET<br />
</p></td>
<td style="background:#CFEAFF;"><p>POR<br />
</p></td>
<td style="background:#EFCFFF;"><p>CLE<br />
</p></td>
<td style="background:#CFCFFF;"><p>TOR<br />
</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFFFFF;"><p>MIS<br />
</p></td>
<td style="background:#CFEAFF;"><p>TRS<br />
</p></td>
<td style="background:#EFCFFF;"><p>VAN<br />
</p></td>
<td><p>LAG</p></td>
<td><p>FON</p></td>
<td style="background:#CFCFFF;"><p><strong>21st</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#CFCFFF;"><p><strong>18</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
### Complete Bathurst 24 Hour results {#complete_bathurst_24_hour_results}
+------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------+------+---------+---------+
| Year | Team | Co-drivers | Car | Class | Laps | | |
+======+================================+===============================================+====================+=======+======+=========+=========+
| 2002 | Prancing Horse Racing Scuderia | John Bowe\ | Ferrari 360 N-GT | 1 | 96 | DNF | DNF |
| | | `{{Flagicon|AUS}}`{=mediawiki} Brad Jones\ | | | | | |
| | | `{{Flagicon|AUS}}`{=mediawiki} John Teulan | | | | | |
+------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------+------+---------+---------+
| 2003 | John Teulan | Peter Fitzgerald\ | Porsche 996 GT3 RC | A | 515 | **3rd** | **3rd** |
| | | `{{Flagicon|AUS}}`{=mediawiki} John Teulan\ | | | | | |
| | | `{{Flagicon|AUS}}`{=mediawiki} Scott Shearman | | | | | |
+------+--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------+------+---------+---------+
### Bathurst 6 Hour {#bathurst_6_hour}
+------+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+---------------------+-------+------+-----+-----+
| Year | Team | Co-drivers | Car | Class | Laps | | |
+======+===========================+================================================+=====================+=======+======+=====+=====+
| 2016 | David Searle | Luke Searle\ | BMW M135i | A1 | 0 | DNF | DNF |
| | | `{{flagicon|AUS}}`{=mediawiki} Barry Graham | | | | | |
+------+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+---------------------+-------+------+-----+-----+
| 2017 | Roadchill Freight Express | Luke Searle | BMW M135i Hatch F20 | A1 | 113 | 1st | 1st |
+------+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+---------------------+-------+------+-----+-----+
| 2021 | Miedecke Motorsport | George Miedecke\ | Ford Mustang GT | A2 | 120 | 6th | 1st |
| | | `{{flagicon|AUS}}`{=mediawiki} Brodie Kostecki | | | | | |
+------+---------------------------+------------------------------------------------+---------------------+-------+------+-----+-----+
### Supercars Championship results {#supercars_championship_results}
(Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Supercars results
-------------------
Year
1992
1993
1994
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
### NASCAR Camping World West Series {#nascar_camping_world_west_series}
(key) (Bold -- Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics -- Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. \* -- Most laps led.)
NASCAR Camping World West Series results
------------------------------------------
Year
2008
### Stadium Super Trucks {#stadium_super_trucks_1}
(key) (Bold -- Pole position. Italics -- Fastest qualifier. \* -- Most laps led.)
Stadium Super Trucks results
------------------------------------------------------------------
Year
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
^†^ -- Jerett Brooks drove Morris\' truck, points went to Morris
#### Boost Mobile Super Trucks {#boost_mobile_super_trucks}
(key) (Bold -- Pole position. Italics -- Fastest qualifier. \* -- Most laps led.)
Boost Mobile Super Trucks results
-----------------------------------
Year
2020
2021
Season in progress.\
`{{sup|1}}`{=mediawiki} The race was abandoned after Matt Mingay suffered serious injuries in a crash on lap three.\
`{{sup|2}}`{=mediawiki} Standings were not recorded by the series for the 2020 season
| 534 |
Paul Morris (racing driver)
| 4 |
10,999,468 |
# Father Christmas (computer worm)
The **Father Christmas** worm, also known as the **HI.COM VMS** worm, was a computer worm that used the DECnet to attack VAX/VMS systems. It was released in December 1988. The aim of this worm was to send a Christmas greeting from \"Father Christmas\" from the affected system.
## History
At around 17:00 EST on December 22, 1988, a worm was detected on the Space Physics Analysis Network (SPAN). This was a NASA network on the DECnet Internet with many connections to other networks such as HEPnet. The majority of the computers on SPAN were VAX computers running the VAX/VMS operating system. The worm originated from a computer on the DECnet in Switzerland by a person using the multi-user login name PHSOLIDE. The infection was thought to have spread to more than 6,000 computer nodes.
On December 23, an email went out to warn SPAN centre managers that a worm had been released onto SPAN. The purpose of the worm was to create a file entitled \"Hi.com\" prior to December 24. At half past midnight on that day, it was designed to send out a message from Father Christmas to all users on the local rights database for each network. It exclusively targeted VAX/VMS systems, but it did not perform any other actions than sending that message. One recommended strategy to prevent infection at the time was to create an empty \"Hi.com\" file which would stop the worm from being able to create a new version of the same file. It was subsequently estimated that only 2% of infected devices launched the worm.
The Father Christmas worm had the effect of strengthening security measures on SPAN and the DECnet Internet. This was demonstrated on January 13, 1989, when a nearly identical worm was released into the Easynet intranet. The network manager was able to quickly prevent the spread of the worm because of the exposure of the Father Christmas worm from the previous month
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# Vazrazhdane
**Vazrazhdane** (*Възраждане* `{{IPA|bg|vɐzˈraʒdɐnɛ|}}`{=mediawiki}) is a district in the centre of Sofia. `{{As of|2012}}`{=mediawiki} it has 49,158 inhabitants. The district\'s area is 3.16 km² or 2,5% of the total capital area. It has several neighbourhoods: the Zones B-2, B-3, B-4, B-5, B-18 and B-19 as well as Serdika. The territory of the regions is divided as follows: residential zone- 1.21 km²; parks, gardens and green zones- 1.36 km²; industrial zone- 0.15 km²; public zones including roads, squares and infrastructure- 0.43 km².
There 17 elementary and high schools with 8,000 pupils; 7 kindergartens; 6 libraries. The district boasts three churches, the National Polytechnical Museum and several monuments.
The economy is very dynamic and is based on services, finance, government and industry. There are several hundred trade shops including the Mall of Sofia, several banks as well as government departments and ministries. The industrial sector contains non-polluting food-processing and shoe factories. The current unemployment is 5,3%
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# Dvorovi
**Dvorovi** (Cyrillic: Дворови) is a town located just north of the city of Bijeljina in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013 Dvorovi had a population of 4,873 inhabitants. It suffered major damage during the flooding in May 2014.
## Tourism
*Dvorovi Spa* (Banja Dvorovi) is a popular tourist destination. It was established after the discovery of thermal water, while drilling for oil in 1956. The depth of the source is at 1350 meters, the water is oligomineral, and the water temperature is 75°C.
## Sport
Dvorovi has a football club known as FK Proleter Dvorovi
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# Evia Oyj
Evia}} `{{Infobox company
| name = Evia Oyj
| logo = Evia Logo.svg
| type = [[Public company|Public]] – [[Osakeyhtiö|Oyj]]<br />({{OMX|HEX24263|EVI1V}})
| genre =
| fate =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| foundation = 1955 in [[Finland]] as Markkinointi Viherjuuri, since 2001 Evia Oyj
| founders = Matti Viherjuuri and Kaija Viherjuuri
| defunct = 2009 (bankruptcy)
| location_city = [[Helsinki]]
| location_country = Finland
| location =
| locations =
| area_served =
| key_people = [[Jari Torvelainen]], [[Chief executive officer|CEO]]
| industry = [[Mass media|Media]]
| products =
| production =
| services = [[Marketing]] [[communication]]
| revenue = {{loss}} [[Euro|€]]10.7 [[1000000 (number)|million]] (2006)<ref>[http://www.evia.fi/ar2006/digiPaperEn/ Evia Annual Report 2006] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928072511/http://www.evia.fi/ar2006/digiPaperEn/ |date=2007-09-28 }} {{in lang|en}}</ref>
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| aum =
| assets =
| equity =
| owner =
| num_employees = 40
| parent =
| divisions = Axel Digital Group, Viherjuuri Helsinki Oy, Indigo
| subsid =
| homepage =
| footnotes =
| intl =
}}`{=mediawiki}
**Evia Oyj** was one of the largest Finnish marketing communication agencies. The company was founded in 1955, and it was known as **Markkinointi Viherjuuri** before the 2001 name change to Evia Oyj.
On 18 June 2009, Evia filed for bankruptcy.
## History
Evia was founded in 1955 and was named Markkinointi Viherjuuri by its founder Matti Viherjuuri. From 1955 to 1989, Markkinointi Viherjuuri was private company (Oy), and after 1989 public company (Oyj) and was listed in OMX (formerly *Helsingin Pörssi*) OTC-list.
In 2001, Markkinointi Viherjuuri announced new name for company, Evia Oyj to reflect the parent companies role better. Evia was formed from two separate parts: *E* meaning of digital communications and Latin word *via* meaning of *road*.
On 18 November 2002, Evia concluded personnel negotiations where three people was dismissed, two people was laid off for the time being and four persons as of 1 April 2003. After this Evia had another personnel negotiations on 26 August 2003, when concluded that 36 employees will set to fixed-term layoff for three months.
On 31 August 2004, Evia gave profit warning, and positive profit warning on 20 January 2006.
On 28 June 2005, CEO Mika Sario resigned and a new CEO, Jari Torvelainen, started on 1 August 2005.
## Services
Evia offered advertisement, marketing and communication services: direct marketing and digital communication services, brand management and design management. Evia had average of 90 employees at its best days.
## International cooperatives {#international_cooperatives}
Evia was cooperative of global Edelman, which had 46 own agencies and over 50 cooperative agencies all over the world. With cooperative contacts Evia did global projects like medical company communications and Shell oil company brand communication.
## Awards
- Outdoor campaign made for Sony BRAVIA was selected January 2006 in London as JCDecaux Group December 2005 best Innovate-Campaign in whole world.
- Toyota, which is Evia\'s marketing customer, won total of six awards in Loyalty Awards 2006.
- Evia Stenfors-campaign won Best Viral Campaign title in Finnish media Grand One 2007 gala.
## Bankruptcy
On 18 June 2009, the company sought bankruptcy due to heavy debts and recession in the marketing business. Marketing agency Viherjuuri Helsinki Oy, which was part of Evia, was split into an independent business and continued to operate. Viherjuuri applied for a court approval to undergo a reorganization. On 30 November 2009, it too filed for bankruptcy
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# Eurolot
**Eurolot S.A.** (previously styled as **EuroLOT**) was a Polish regional airline based in Warsaw. Apart from its own flights under the *eurolot.com* brand, it operated short-haul flights for LOT Polish Airlines, as well as ad hoc charter flights. Its main base was Warsaw Frederic Chopin Airport (when operating for LOT), whilst its own flights centre on its hubs at John Paul II Kraków Airport and Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport. The airline had its head office in the LOT Polish Airlines headquarters in Warsaw. Eurolot ended operations on 31 March 2015. The company slogan was *Zawsze z klasą*, *Always classy.*
## History
### Early years {#early_years}
EuroLOT was established on 19 December 1996 and commenced regular air operations on 1 July 1997. Initially, EuroLOT operated as an air carrier with its own network of connections. At that time EuroLOT\'s fleet was made up of turboprop aircraft: 5 owned ATR 42-30018-seat BAe Jetstream 31 aircraft. The primary task of EuroLOT was to reconstruct the network of domestic and regional flights while reducing operational costs and to create new value in the field of domestic air transport.
In 2000 the company ceased to be an independent carrier and became an operator. In the same year, EuroLOT took over all ATR aircraft from LOT. In 2002 EuroLOT began to modernize its fleet by replacing ATR 42-300 with newer ATR 42-500. As of March 2007, it had 278 employees.
### Later development {#later_development}
Established as a wholly owned subsidiary of LOT Polish Airlines, its current main shareholder is the State Treasury with 62.1% of shares, while Towarzystwo Finansowe Silesia is the minority shareholder with 37.9% shares. During the 2011 summer season, after the State Treasury acquired the majority of its shares, the airline started flying Polish regional routes under the *eurolot.com* brand, in addition to operating flights for LOT. Starting in December 2011, Eurolot introduced flights from Gdańsk and Warsaw to Poprad, Slovakia in addition to expanding rapidly in the domestic market.
In 2012, Eurolot placed an order for 8 Bombardier Dash 8 Q400 NextGen turboprop aircraft to replace the old ATR fleet. In 2014 Eurolot considered the wet-lease of a LOT Boeing 787 Dreamliner for services to South East Asia as part of a larger LOT restructuring. However, this plan did not materialise.
On 6 February 2015, it was announced that the company would be liquidated due to financial problems and end operations on 31 March 2015. LOT Polish Airlines assumed some of Eurolot\'s routes, re-leasing former Eurolot aircraft.
## Codeshare agreements {#codeshare_agreements}
Eurolot had codeshare agreements with the following airlines as of July 2014:
- LOT Polish Airlines
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# Eurolot
## Destinations
Eurolot served the following destinations as of September 2014:
---- ---------------------------------------------
† Hub
\* Operated by Eurolot for LOT Polish Airlines
\* Served by Eurolot and LOT Polish Airlines
---- ---------------------------------------------
City Country IATA ICAO Airport Ref Commenced End
------------- --------- ------ ------ ---------------------------------------------------------- ----- ------------------ -----------------
Amsterdam AMS EHAM Amsterdam Airport Schiphol ^\*^ \- 31 March 2015
Beauvais BVA LFOB Beauvais--Tillé Airport ^\*^ September 2013 31 March 2015
Brussels BRU EBBR Brussels Airport ^\*^ April 2014 31 March 2015
Bydgoszcz BZG EPBY Bydgoszcz Ignacy Jan Paderewski Airport 31 March 2015
Chișinău KIV LUKK Chișinău International Airport ^\*^ 26 October 2014 \|31 March 2015
Dubrovnik DBV LDDU Dubrovnik Airport ^\*^ \- 31 March 2015
Düsseldorf DUS EDDL Düsseldorf Airport ^\*^ 26 October 2014 31 March 2015
Frankfurt FRA EDDF Frankfurt Airport ^\*^ \- 31 March 2015
Gdańsk GDN EPGD Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport ^†\ \*^ \- 31 March 2015
Helsinki HEL EFHK Helsinki Airport \- 31 March 2015
Heringsdorf HDF EDAH Heringsdorf Airport ^\*^ \- 31 March 2015
Katowice KTW EPKT Katowice International Airport ^\*^ \- 31 March 2015
Kraków KRK EPKK John Paul II International Airport Kraków-Balice ^†\ \*^ \- 31 March 2015
Lublin LUZ EPLB Lublin Airport ^\*^ \- 31 March 2015
Milan MXP LIMC Malpensa Airport ^\*^ 28 February 2014 31 March 2015
Munich MUC EDDM Munich Airport ^\*^ \- 31 March 2015
Paris CDG EHAM Charles de Gaulle Airport ^\*^ \- 31 March 2015
Poznań POZ EPPO Poznań-Ławica Airport ^\*^ \- 31 March 2015
Riga RIX EVRA Riga International Airport ^\*^ \- 31 March 2015
Rome FCO LIRF Leonardo da Vinci--Fiumicino Airport ^\*^ 09/2013 31 March 2015
Rzeszów RZE EPRZ Rzeszów-Jasionka Airport ^\*^ \- 31 March 2015
Salzburg SZG LOWS Salzburg Airport ^\*^ \- 31 March 2015
Split SPU LDSP Split Airport ^\*^ \- 31 March 2015
Stuttgart STR EDDS Stuttgart Airport ^\*^ 26 October 2014 31 March 2015
Szczecin SZZ EPSC Szczecin-Goleniów \"Solidarność\" Airport ^\*^ \- 31 March 2015
Tallinn TLL EETN Tallinn Airport ^\*^ \- 31 March 2015
Vienna VIE LOWW Vienna International Airport ^\*^ \- 31 March 2015
Vilnius VNO EYVI Vilnius International Airport ^\*^ \- 31 March 2015
Warsaw WAW EPWA Warsaw Frédéric Chopin Airport ^\*^ 1997 31 March 2015
Wrocław WRO EPWR Wrocław Airport ^\*^ \- 31 March 2015
Zadar ZAD LDZD Zadar Airport ^\*^ \- 31 March 2015
Zagreb ZAG LDZA Zagreb Airport ^\*^ 26 October 2014 31 March 2015
Zürich ZRH LSZH Zürich Airport ^\*^ \- 31 March 2015
## Fleet
As of November 2014, the Eurolot fleet consisted of the following aircraft with an average age of 2.3 years for the Q400\'s:
+-----------------+------------+--------+---------+------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Aircraft | In Service | Orders | Options | Passengers | Notes |
+=================+============+========+=========+============+=====================================================+
| Bombardier Q400 | 11 | 3 | 6 | 78 | 6 served LOT routes. Were transferred to LOT
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# Amar Singh of Thanjavur
**Amar Singh** or **Ramaswami Amarasimha Bhonsle** (Marathi: रामस्वामी अमरसिंह भोसले) was the younger son of the Maratha Raja of Thanjavur Pratap Singh and served as the regent soon after the death of his brother Thuljaji II and ruled Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom in the name of Thuljaji\'s minor son Serfoji II from 1787 to 1793.
## Reign
In 1793, he usurped the throne after deposing the boy-King Serfoji and ruled as the absolute ruler of Thanjavur from 1793 to 1798.
He is said to have been very generous and to have given vast amounts of land to learned men. He resisted attempts by the British to seize the kingdom right until the time of his deposition in favour of his adoptive nephew, 29 June 1798.
He showed interest in Telugu and Sanskrit dramas. Mathru Boothana was a famous poet in his court and he composed Parijatapaharanam, which bears similarity to Kuchipudi Dance
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# Rachad
**Rachad** (*رشاد*) is an Algerian islamist political movement. Rachad claims its goal is to \"bring about a fundamental change in Algeria, to break with the political practices in progress since independence and to restore hope to the Algerian people\" and that it \"intends to work for the establishment of a rule of law governed by democratic principles and good governance.\" It calls upon the Algerian people to overthrow the government by peaceful mass protests, arguing that the government is controlled by a military junta largely responsible for the horrors of the Algerian Civil War and for the country\'s economic and social malaise. The movement has the reputation for having a high \"intellectual calibre of the leadership\" and for transcending the gulf between secular and Islamist politics. According to Rachad, any Algerian can join Rachad, \"respecting their differences, banishes all forms of extremism, exclusion or discrimination and advocates non-violence to bring about change\".
As of 2021 it is banned by the Algerian government.
## History
Rachad was founded in 2007 by a number of Algerian opponents of the current government, including Abbas Aroua, Mourad Dhina, Rachid Mesli, Mohamed Samraoui, and Mohamed Larbi Zitout (who comprise the movement\'s secretariat, and all live in exile), and others living in Algeria whose identity has not been made public. In September 2008, its founding member Abbas Aroua, through the Cordoba Foundation, organised a conference in Geneva, \"Perspectives on political change in Algeria\", which brought together Algerians from a variety of political perspectives who oppose the current system, including Rachad, to agree on a set of shared principles. Along with other groups across the political spectrum, it called for a boycott of the 2009 presidential elections; afterwards, it condemned the reported results as fraudulent and claimed that the true participation rate was just 16%. The organisation has made extensive use of TV and the Internet to spread its ideas, with spokespersons appearing on major channels including Aljazeera. In January 2011, as unprecedented large-scale protests began in Algeria, it called upon its supporters to join demonstrations against the system. Rachad\'s pronouncements have been supportive of the Arab Spring uprisings, including the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi in Libya, while condemning the Algerian political reforms undertaken by the Bouteflika régime as a \"masquerade\"
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# Loltun Cave
**Loltun Cave** is a cave in the Yucatán, approximately 7 km south of Oxkutzcab. The cave contains paintings attributed to the Maya civilization from the Late Preclassic Era or even older. The name is Mayan for \"Flower Stone\" (\"Lol-Tun\").
## History
This cave is about two kilometers in length. Inside Loltún there is evidence that confirms human occupation such as recovered bones of mammoth, bison, cats, and deer remains from the pleistocene. On the walls you can observe natural formations and paintings, hand painted with representations of the technique of negative human faces painted on the walls, sculptural representations, representations of animals and some geometric shapes. Tools were also recovered.
The prehispanic Maya also used the cave as shelter and used to extract the clay to make their tools. The tour offers visits to the galleries and natural formations known locally as the room of musical columns, a vault known as the cathedral, jaltunes, Grand Canyon, corn cob, the infant, black hand paintings, the room of stalactites and trenches. The Huechil cavity was excavated where they found remains of extinct fauna such as mammoth bones and vegetation different from today. The occupation in Loltún goes back more than 10,000 years and served as a hiding place during the caste war.
## Location
It is located 110 kilometers southwest of Mérida. It is 7 km south of the town of Oxkutzcab
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# Charles Dickinson West
**Charles Dickinson West** (January 1847 -- 10 January 1908) was an Irish mechanical engineer and naval architect, who worked for many years at the Imperial College of Engineering, in Meiji era Japan.
## Biography
West was born in Dublin, Ireland as the eldest son of The Very Reverend John West, Dean of St Patrick\'s Cathedral, Dublin, and graduated with a degree in civil engineering from Trinity College Dublin in 1869. He worked at Bergenhead Steel Company in Great Britain for five years, followed by positions in other forms where he gained experience in shipbuilding, steel mills and steam power.
In 1882, West was hired by the Meiji government of the Empire of Japan as a foreign advisor, to teach steam engine mechanics, mechanical drawing, engineering, and mechanical engineering. He replaced Henry Dyer at the *Kobu Daigakko*, the forerunner of the Imperial College of Engineering of Tokyo Imperial University. He held the position of professor of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, until his death 25 years later.
While in Japan, he assisted the Naval Architectural Department of the Imperial Japanese Navy. He also served as an advisor to several Japanese shipyards, including Mitsubishi, Kawasaki and Osaka Iron Works.
West remained a bachelor all his life. His hobbies included boating and photography, and his large collection of photographs is preserved at the Tokyo University library. Many of his diaries and manuscripts are also preserved, including lecture notes and examination problems given to his students. During his entire stay in Japan, West returned to Europe only once. He was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun by Emperor Meiji in 1905 for his contribution to higher education in engineering in Japan.
During a winter stay at Atami hot springs resort in 1907, West caught pneumonia and died shortly after in the University of Tokyo Hospital on 10 January 1908. He is buried in Aoyama Cemetery in Tokyo. A monument with his bronze bust was unveiled on the main campus of Tokyo University on 19 March 1910
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# Mitterbach am Erlaufsee
**Mitterbach am Erlaufsee** is a village in the district of Lilienfeld in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
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# Ray Barlow
**Raymond John Barlow** (17 August 1926 -- 14 March 2012) was an England international footballer who made more than 400 appearances in the Football League, most of which were for West Bromwich Albion.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
### West Bromwich Albion {#west_bromwich_albion}
Barlow joined West Bromwich Albion in 1944 and helped them to promotion to the First Division in 1948--49. The team would remain in the top flight for the rest of Barlow\'s playing career with the club.
Under the management of Vic Buckingham, he was part of the 1954 FA Cup winning team. In the final West Bromwich Albion beat Preston North End 3--2. This team came close to accomplishing a League and Cup double that year, but finished runners-up in the League behind Wolverhampton by four points.
Barlow remained a regular in midfield until 1960, by which time players like Derek Kevan, Bobby Robson and Dave Burnside were all playing.
### Birmingham City {#birmingham_city}
Barlow joined Albion\'s neighbours Birmingham City in 1960. He ended his playing career with non-League Stourbridge in 1961 after only a handful of appearances for the Blues.
### International career {#international_career}
Barlow won just one cap for England, in a Home Championship match against Northern Ireland on 2 October 1954 which England won 2--0. This was an experimental England side which contained seven debutants. Johnny Haynes, who also made his debut in that match was the only player who would become an England regular. Besides this, Barlow had two outings for England B and four for the Football League XI, and an FA tour of South America.
## After retirement {#after_retirement}
After retirement, Barlow went on to run a tobacconist\'s and sweet shop in West Bromwich and then a post office in Stourbridge.
## Legacy
In 2004 Barlow was named as one of West Bromwich Albion\'s 16 greatest players, in a poll organised as part of the club\'s 125th anniversary celebrations. He was described by Bobby Robson as one of the best players he had played alongside. In his autobiography Bobby Moore said that he modelled his game on Barlow.
Barlow was the last surviving member of the team that won the FA Cup in 1954 against Preston North End. He died on 14 March 2012, aged 85, after a long illness. The flags at The Hawthorns were lowered to half-mast on the day of Barlow\'s funeral, and a minute\'s applause was held at The Hawthorns before West Brom\'s game against Newcastle United on 25 March
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# Life Is Elsewhere
***Life Is Elsewhere*** (*Život je jinde*) is a Czech-language novel by Milan Kundera finished in 1969. It was first published in French in 1973 (**La vie est ailleurs**). Set in Czechoslovakia before, during, and after the Second World War, it tells the story of a young poet Jaromil and his mother who cling to each other as Jaromil tries to find artistic fame and advance the revolution at the expense of his most intimate relationships.
## Plot
When Jaromil\'s mother learns she is pregnant in Prague, his father discreetly recommends an abortion, and the mother bursts into tears. The father relents and agrees to marry her.
Jaromil is a precocious child; at five, he says things like \"Life is like weeds\", which his Mama takes to be very profound and pins to the walls of their house. At school he shows off and makes no friends except for the janitor\'s son.
War breaks out. Mama wants to try to have another child, but her husband says he never even wanted one, and refuses. Mama feels her only love is her son; she takes Jaromil to a spa town, where they meet a painter and teacher, who compliments the \"original inner world\" visible in Jaromil\'s drawings. He begins to tutor Jaromil, and begins an affair with Mama, which she soon stops out of a sense of propriety.
Jaromil imagines a dashing character, Xavier, who lives myriad fantastic lives; every time he falls asleep, he enters another dream within a dream.
Jaromil\'s father grows increasingly absent during the war, and one day Mama is informed that he was killed. She feels romantically liberated, but Jaromil chafes imagining her betraying his father\'s memory. She learns her husband had had an affair with a Jewish woman, who was taken to Theresienstadt during the war; he had attempted to rescue his mistress, and had died in the process.
As Jaromil awkwardly attempts to begin romantic advances toward girls, a Communist revolution begins in the country, and he is gripped by revolutionary fervor, and finds solidarity with the party. He also begins to find a measure of literary acclaim for his poems, which are published in some small newspapers. He uses his poetry to woo a redhead girl he had met at a market checkout counter, and reconnects with the janitor\'s son, who has become a policeman, and invites Jaromil to read at a symposium of well-known party poets.
Jaromil is tortured by the fact that he was a virgin when he first slept with the redhead, and she was not; he is tortured by the idea that his power over her is limited in any way. When the redhead is fifteen minutes late for a date, Jaromil berates her, and she eventually invents an excuse that she was late because she had to say goodbye to her brother before he illegally emigrates from the country. To her surprise, he reports her brother to the janitor\'s son, who eagerly thanks Jaromil for his loyalty.
The next day, the redhead and her brother are arrested. Jaromil catches a cold, attends a party, gets insulted, starts an argument, and ends up locked outside in the freezing night. He catches pneumonia and dies with his mother by his side. When the redhead gets out of prison after three years (with her brother still imprisoned), she goes to the apartment of a widower with whom she had been sleeping while she\'d been with Jaromil. He tells her Jaromil had died. The narrator relates that in the present day, nobody remembers Jaromil or his poems.
## Publication
Kundera finished writing the novel in Bohemia in 1969. French publisher Claude Gallimard visited Kundera in Prague, encouraged him to emigrate to France, and smuggled the manuscript back to France, where it was published by Éditions Gallimard in 1973. An English translation appeared in 1976; unsatisfied, Kundera revised the French translation in 1985, from which Aaron Asher re-translated the book into English in 2000.
Like most of Kundera\'s novels, the book is divided into seven parts, but when it was almost finished, it only had six. \"I didn't feel satisfied. Suddenly I had the idea of including a story that takes place three years after the hero's death---in other words, outside the time frame of the novel,\" said Kundera. \"Immediately, the novel's architecture had become perfect.\"
The name \"Life Is Elsewhere\" is taken from a line in Arthur Rimbaud\'s A Season in Hell, in the section \"The Foolish Virgin\", which says: \"He was very nearly a child... His mysterious ways seduced me. I forgot all my earthly duties in order to follow him. O this life! Real life is elsewhere. We aren\'t of this earth. I go where he goes, how can't I? And yet he blows up at me all the time, me---poor soul. That demon! He's doubtless a demon, for he is certainly not a man.\" Kundera\'s book often compares events in Jaromil\'s life to those in the biographies of various real poets, including Rimbaud, and claims that \"life is elsewhere\" was a revolutionary slogan written by students on the walls of the Sorbonne.
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| 0 |
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# Life Is Elsewhere
## Reception
The novel won the Prix Médicis in 1973. Reviewing the book in the New York Times in 1974, Paul Theroux described Kundera as \"a magnificent short‐story writer and reasonably good novelist\". In a postnote to the French edition, François Ricard wrote, \"Along with Don Quixote and Madame Bovary, Life Is Elsewhere is perhaps the harshest work ever written against poetry
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# 2005–06 Australian region cyclone season
The **2005--06 Australian region cyclone season** was an above average tropical cyclone season. It began on 1 November 2005 and ended on 30 April 2006. The regional tropical cyclone operational plan also defines a *tropical cyclone year* separately from a *tropical cyclone season*, which runs from 1 July 2005 to 30 June 2006.
Tropical cyclones in this area are monitored by four Tropical Cyclone Warning Centres (TCWCs): the Australian Bureau of Meteorology in Perth, Darwin, and Brisbane; and TCWC Port Moresby in Papua New Guinea.
## Systems
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DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/11/2006 till:01/06/2007 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMinor = grid:black unit:month increment:1 start:01/11/2006
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` id:C1 value:rgb(0.3,1,1) legend:Category_1_=_63–88_km/h_(39-55_mph)`\
` id:C2 value:rgb(0.75,1,0.75) legend:Category_2_=_89–117_km/h_(55-73_mph)`\
` id:C3 value:rgb(1,0.85,0.55) legend:Category_3_=_118–159_km/h_(73-99_mph)`\
` id:C4 value:rgb(1,0.45,0.54) legend:Category_4_=_160–199_km/h_(99-124_mph)`\
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` from:21/12/2006 till:23/12/2006 color:TL text:"04R (TL)"`\
` from:06/01/2007 till:10/01/2007 color:C3 text:"``Clare (C3)``"`\
` from:18/01/2007 till:22/01/2007 color:C2 text:"Daryl (C2)"`\
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` from:22/02/2007 till:24/02/2007 color:C2 text:"``Kate (C2)``"`\
` from:26/02/2007 till:01/03/2007 color:C1 text:"``Emma (C1)``"`\
` from:28/02/2007 till:06/03/2007 color:TL text:"TL"`\
` from:16/03/2007 till:21/03/2007 color:C4 text:"``Larry (C4)``"`\
` from:20/03/2007 till:26/03/2007 color:C4 text:"Floyd (C4)"`\
` from:20/03/2007 till:24/03/2007 color:C3 text:"Wati (C3)"`\
` from:26/03/2007 till:31/03/2007 color:C5 text:"``Glenda (C5)``"`\
` barset:break`\
` from:26/03/2007 till:29/03/2007 color:TL text:"TL"`\
` from:04/04/2007 till:07/04/2007 color:C2 text:"Hubert (C2)"`\
` from:10/04/2007 till:13/04/2007 color:TL text:"Elia (TL)"`\
` from:16/04/2007 till:26/04/2007 color:C5 text:"``Monica (C5)``"`
` bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas`\
` from:01/11/2006 till:01/12/2006 text:November`\
` from:01/12/2006 till:01/01/2007 text:December`\
` from:01/01/2007 till:01/02/2007 text:January`\
` from:01/02/2007 till:01/03/2007 text:February`\
` from:01/03/2007 till:01/04/2007 text:March`\
` from:01/04/2007 till:01/05/2007 text:April`\
` from:01/05/2007 till:01/06/2007 text:May`
TextData =
` pos:(569,23)`\
` text:"(For further details, please see"`\
` pos:(713,23)`\
` text:"``scales``)"`
### Tropical Low 02S {#tropical_low_02s}
An area of convection persisted on 4 November about 560 km north of the Cocos Islands, associated with a tight low-level circulation. With good outflow and moderate but decreasing wind shear, conditions favored development. By early on 5 November, the system consisted of a partially exposed circulation with deep convection on its western side, tracking southwestward. At 0400 UTC that day, the Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre (TCWC) in Perth issued a gale warning in association with the disturbance. Later in the day, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) classified it as Tropical Cyclone 02S, and both the JTWC and TCWC Perth anticipated further strengthening.
Throughout its duration, TCWC Perth maintained the system as a 55 km/h tropical low. However, the JTWC assessed the storm as reaching peak winds of 85 km/h, based on observations indicating the consolidation of convection over the center. The agency forecast the storm to strengthen further; however, by late on 6 November it had begun weakening. Around the same time, the storm crossed into the area of responsibility of Météo-France in Réunion (MFR); as such, it was re-designated as Tropical Depression 04. The depression continued southwestward as it slowly weakened. Early on 8 November, the JTWC issued its final warning, and six hours later, the MFR discontinued advisories while it was located about 1485 km southeast of Diego Garcia.
### Severe Tropical Cyclone Bertie--Alvin {#severe_tropical_cyclone_bertiealvin}
A weak tropical low persisted on 17 November at a low latitude about 740 km west-southwest of the Indonesia island of Sumatra. Early on 18 November, the TCWC Perth issued a gale warning on the system; at the time, the system consisted of cycling convection in association with several small circulations. The circulations organized into a well-defined center of circulation, and at 0000 UTC on 19 November it was classified as Tropical Cyclone Bertie about 835 km northwest of the Cocos Islands. The storm tracked southwestward around the western periphery of a mid-level ridge between Australia and Indonesia. Environmental conditions generally favored further strengthening, with good outflow though moderate wind shear, and late on 19 November the JTWC initiated advisories on Bertie.
Tropical Cyclone Bertie gradually strengthened and became a Severe Tropical Cyclone on 21 November. The next day, TCWC Perth issued its last advisory on the cyclone, as it was expected to cross 90ºE, which separates the TCWC Perth and the Météo-France (MFR) areas of responsibility. However, Bertie turned due southward, and the MFR issued advisories for 30 hours as the cyclone remained just east of 90ºE, during which the MFR estimated Bertie attained peak winds of 185 km/h. Early on 23 November, the JTWC assessed the cyclone as reaching winds of 210 km/h, which is the equivalent to a marginal Category 4 on the Saffir--Simpson hurricane scale. On 24 November, the cyclone crossed into the area of responsibility of the MFR, and it was renamed Intense Tropical Cyclone Alvin. Shortly thereafter the storm turned to the northwest and weakened as it encountered unfavourable conditions The JTWC issued its last advisory on 26 November after it weakened to a tropical depression, and two days later the MFR discontinued advisories. The remnants of the storm continued northwestward until turning west-southwestward and dissipating on 3 December.
### Tropical Low 04S {#tropical_low_04s}
A tropical low persisted on 19 December just west of 90ºE, which is just outside the area of responsibility of TCWC Perth. The system initially consisted of pulsating convection in association with an elongated and partially exposed low-level circulation. TCWC Perth began issuing gale warnings on the system on 22 December as the low tracked southeastward. Moderate wind shear persisted over the system, preventing immediate development The low turned southwestward, and on 23 December it entered the area of responsibility of Météo-France in Réunion (MFR).
Upon entering the South-West Indian Ocean, the MFR classified the system as Tropical Depression 06. Convection increased and organized, and the JTWC initiated advisories on Tropical Cyclone 04S on 24 December. However, wind shear increased shortly thereafter, and the system weakened. On 25 December, the JTWC discontinued advisories, and a day later the MFR followed suit. The remnants tracked southwestward, and the MFR again issued advisories starting on 27 December. After passing near Rodrigues, the system weakened again due to persistent vertical wind shear, and on 29 December the MFR again issued the final warning on the system.
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# 2005–06 Australian region cyclone season
## Systems
### Severe Tropical Cyclone Clare {#severe_tropical_cyclone_clare}
A tropical low formed north of Northern Territory and tracked roughly parallel to the coast. On 7 January, TCWC Perth started issuing tropical cyclone advisories on this system. The low became Tropical Cyclone Clare when it was located 250 km north of Cape Leveque or 430 km north of Broome. A steady strengthening trend continued and Clare peaked as a 139 km/h storm, or a Category 3 cyclone on the Australian scale, with a minimum pressure of 960 hPa at the centre of the system. On 9 January the cyclone made landfall near Karratha and Dampier next day, and dissipated on the 10th as it continued inland. On 12 December 2006, the Bureau of Meteorology announced that the name \"Clare\" would be retired, and will never be used for an Australian Cyclone ever again.
In preparation of the storm, 1,500 people were evacuated, while incoming flights and mining operations were closed. Although sustained wind speeds of 131 km/h and gusts of up to 142 km/h were recorded, the towns affected by TC Clare escaped with only minor structural damage. The precipitation associated with Ex-Tropical Cyclone Clare caused extensive flooding in the towns of Walkaway and Lake Grace over the weekend of 14--15 January. Because it made landfall at low tide, storm surge damage was negligible. Overall, damage was estimated to be at least A\$5 million (US\$3.2 million), and Clare was responsible for no deaths.
### Tropical Cyclone Daryl {#tropical_cyclone_daryl}
On 17 January, TCWC Perth started issuing tropical cyclone advisories for a tropical low overland. The low tracked into Kuri Bay next day and developed into Tropical Cyclone Daryl. It continued to strengthen, and on 21 January briefly became a Severe Tropical Cyclone operationally but was downgraded to a 55kt Tropical Cyclone following the end of season analysis. Over the next two days, Daryl tracked parallel to the West Australian coast, mostly as a Category 2 system. Daryl continued tracking in a south-westerly direction before being downgraded to a low-pressure system on 23 January. The cyclone did not cross the coast.
### Tropical Low 07U {#tropical_low_07u}
A tropical low developed off the north coast of the Top End in late January. It made landfall in the Darwin area and drifted down the western border of the Northern Territory. The low brought heavy rainfall to many parts of the western Northern Territory. The low continued to move south through the Victoria River District and into the Tanami Desert. The Victoria Highway was cut by floodwaters, isolating Timber Creek and the Victoria River Crossing. On 31 January, the low deepened producing near gale-force winds.
- [Significant Weather Summaries](http://www.bom.gov.au/inside/services_policy/public/sigwxsum/sigw0106.shtml#low) from Australian Bureau of Meteorology
- [A comprehensive discussion](https://archive.today/20120721211854/http://www.bom.gov.au/bmrc/clfor/cfstaff/jmb/00_2006_28Jan_a.html) of the low
- [An animated satellite picture loop](https://web.archive.org/web/20070927010810/http://australiasevereweather.com/temp/200601ntlow.gif) for the week 26 January to 1 February
### Severe Tropical Cyclone Jim {#severe_tropical_cyclone_jim}
On 24 January, a broad area of low pressure developed near the coast of Queensland after a monsoonal trough passed through the region. Northeasterly winds flowing into the system quickly increased convection, resulting in heavy rainfall over coastal regions of Queensland. The slow movement of the developing low continued through 26 January before turning northeast in response to a mid-level ridge to the north. On 28 January, the JTWC began monitoring the system as Tropical Storm 10P and shortly after, the Bureau of Meteorology classified the storm as a Category 1 cyclone and gave it the name Jim.
Jim continued to intensify as it steadily tracked east-northeastward. Upper-level outflow associated with the storm gradually improved as the cyclone neared the edge of the Bureau of Meteorology\'s warning area. Shortly before crossing 160°E on 30 January, Jim intensified into a Category 3 cyclone, with winds reaching 120 km/h 10-minute sustained). At the same time, the JTWC assessed the system to have become a Category 1 equivalent with winds of 120 km/h 1-minute sustained). After crossing 160°E, warning responsibility of the cyclone was given to the RSMC in Nadi, Fiji. Upon entering their area of responsibility, Jim sharply turned southeast, attaining a peak intensity with winds of 150 km/h 10-minute sustained) as it brushed New Caledonia. By 1 February, the storm had transitioned into an extratropical cyclone, dissipating a few days later.
As the storm was developing, torrential rainfall affected portions of coastal Queensland between 26 and 27 January. In a 24-hour span, 258 mm of rain fell in Home Hill, leading to minor flooding. On 28 January, the cyclone brushed Flinders Reef, Willis Island and Lihou Reef, bringing winds up to 65 km/h to all three areas.
### Tropical Cyclone Kate {#tropical_cyclone_kate}
Cyclone Kate originated from an area of low pressure that was first identified on 22 February 2006, within a monsoonal trough. The system rapidly intensified throughout the day, with the Australian Bureau of Meteorology issuing their first advisory on the system that evening. Upon being classified, the system was immediately declared Tropical Cyclone Kate. At the same time, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) also began issuing advisories on the system, designating it as Tropical Cyclone 13P. The system remained nearly stationary over the northwestern Coral Sea. Early on 23 February, the storm attained its peak intensity with winds of 95 km/h 10-minute sustained) and a barometric pressure of 985 hPa (mbar). However, the JTWC assessed the system to have been slightly weaker, attaining peak winds of 85 km/h 1-minute sustained). Kate stalled shortly thereafter and began to weaken due to increasing wind shear. Rapid weakening took place throughout the day, and JTWC declared the system dissipated early on 24 February. The Bureau of Meteorology downgraded Kate to a tropical low around the same time, although they continued to monitor the storm for several more hours before reporting that it had dissipated over open waters.
Upon the cyclone\'s formation, the Bureau of Meteorology warned vessels to avoid the storm in anticipation of rough seas and winds gusting to 125 km/h. Although the storm did not pose much of a threat to Queensland, officials urged residents to ensure their disaster kits were ready and that preparations for a moderate storm, such as storing lose outdoor objects and clearing gutters, had been completed. While the storm had no direct impact on land, large swells affected most of the Queensland coastline. In the Shire of Noosa, six surfers sustained serious injuries after wading into turbulent waters. Waves up to 1.8 m tossed the six surfers, leaving them with injuries ranging from broken noses and fractured ankles to head wounds from surfboards. The waves also caused additional beach erosion to parts of Papua New Guinea previously impacted by Cyclone Ingrid.
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# 2005–06 Australian region cyclone season
## Systems
### Tropical Cyclone Emma {#tropical_cyclone_emma}
The ninth storm of the season, Cyclone Emma, originated from a southward-moving area of low pressure that was first identified on 25 February. Although classified tropical, the structure of the system represented that of a monsoonal storm. However, low wind shear and well-developed outflow gradually allowed convection to develop near the center of circulation. As the system near the Pilbara coastline of Western Australia on 27 February, it intensified into a Category 1 cyclone and attained peak winds of 75 km/h 10-minute sustained). The JTWC, however, reported the storm to have been slightly weaker, attaining peak winds of 65 km/h 1-minute sustained). After moving inland near Mardie, Emma weakened to a tropical low but became exceedingly large, with the cloud cover from the storm encompassing most of Western Australia. The remnants of the weak storm persisted until 1 March, at which time it dissipated over the Great Australian Bight.
Although a weak storm, rainfall from Emma caused flooding in numerous parts of Western Australia. In Karratha, six people required rescue after their cars became stranded in flood waters. The most significant damage took place along the Murchison River which swelled to roughly 16 km in width. Although only one town was threatened by the river, large areas of farmland were inundated by the expanding river, leading to substantial agricultural losses. Despite the extensive flooding, no fatalities were reported as a result of Emma.
### Tropical Low {#tropical_low}
A tropical low formed in the Arafura Sea north of Nhulunbuy on 24 February. It moved northwest into the Banda Sea and deepened during the next two days. Through the remainder of February it moved slowly south-southwest into the Timor Sea. The low persisted into March but did not reach cyclone intensity. A cyclone watch was issued for a portion of Western Australia though the maximum sustained winds of the low were just 25 knots.
- [Significant Weather Summaries](http://www.bom.gov.au/inside/services_policy/public/sigwxsum/sigw0206.shtml#low) from Australian Bureau of Meteorology
### Severe Tropical Cyclone Larry {#severe_tropical_cyclone_larry}
TCWC Brisbane issued a gale warning for a Tropical Low in the Coral Sea on 16 March. On the same day, RSMC Nadi classified it as a deepening tropical depression (15F). On 17 March, the tropical low strengthened into Tropical Cyclone Larry. Larry moved towards the Queensland coast and gradually intensified to Category 4 on the Australian scale, making landfall with that strength on 20 March over Innisfail. Larry was downgraded to a tropical low that night.
Cyclone Larry is considered to be the worst cyclone to hit Queensland since 1931. The total damage caused by Larry was estimated to be A\$1 billion (2006).
### Severe Tropical Cyclone Floyd {#severe_tropical_cyclone_floyd}
On 21 March 2006, TCWC Perth started issuing advisories on a Tropical Low. That low later strengthened into Tropical Cyclone Floyd as a Category 1 on the Australian scale. Overnight on 22 March, it became a severe tropical cyclone. Strengthening further, Floyd reached Australian Category 4 at 8 p.m. AWST (1200 UTC) on 23 March. Floyd attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds up to 105 knots (10-minute average) on 24 March. A steady weakening trend occurred thereafter and Floyd became a tropical low about 285 kilometres west northwest of Exmouth on 27 March.
### Severe Tropical Cyclone Wati {#severe_tropical_cyclone_wati}
Severe Tropical Cyclone Wati originated in the South Pacific region and moved into Brisbane\'s area of responsibility in late March. It later moved to the south-east where cyclone watches were issued for Lord Howe Island and cyclone warnings for Norfolk Island.
### Severe Tropical Cyclone Glenda {#severe_tropical_cyclone_glenda}
Cyclone Glenda began as a tropical low on 15 March in the Gulf of Carpentaria. The precursor disturbance drifted over Top End and later across the northeastern portion of Western Australia, and after emerging into the Indian Ocean it strengthened into a tropical storm. Aided by favourable environmental conditions, Glenda rapidly intensified to reach Category 5 status on the Australian cyclone scale, and with a peak intensity of 910 mbar it was among the strongest cyclones on record within the Australia region. On 30 March, it moved ashore near Onslow as a Category 3 cyclone, and the next day it degenerated into a remnant tropical low over land.
The precursor disturbance produced heavy rainfall in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, causing record flooding and some road damage. Minor damage was reported at the final landfall of Glenda. Due to the sparse population and preparations made, the cyclone was not responsible for any deaths or injuries. In all, damages from the storm amounted to A\$1.2 million (\$965,000 USD). However, its name was later retired from the list of tropical cyclone names.
### Tropical Low {#tropical_low_1}
Cocos Islands faced their first cyclone threat this cyclone season on 25 March when a tropical low developed to its east-northeast. The low passed well to their east and did not develop further. The maximum sustained winds near the low were 30 knots and the minimum pressure was 994 hPa.
| 833 |
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# 2005–06 Australian region cyclone season
## Systems
### Tropical Cyclone Hubert {#tropical_cyclone_hubert}
TCWC Perth issued a gale warning for a Tropical Low off Northwest Australia on 4 April. The low moved erratically at first, and then towards southwest. It strengthened into Tropical Cyclone Hubert (Australian Category 1) on 5 April and to Australian Category 2 on 6 April. Prior to landfall, Hubert weakened rapidly in an unfavourable atmospheric environment, and the surface circulation was poorly defined. Eventually, Hubert was downgraded to a tropical low with maximum sustained winds to 33 knots as it crossed the coast during the night of 7 April (based on AWST).
### Tropical Low 21U (Elia) {#tropical_low_21u_elia}
### Severe Tropical Cyclone Monica {#severe_tropical_cyclone_monica}
The final and second most intense storm of the season, Monica originated from an area of low pressure off the coast of Papua New Guinea on 16 April. The storm quickly developed into a Category 1 cyclone the next day, at which time it was given the name Monica. Traveling towards the west, the storm intensified into a severe tropical cyclone before making landfall in Far North Queensland, near the Lockhart River, on 19 April. After moving over land, convection associated with the storm quickly became disorganized.
On 20 April, moved over the Gulf of Carpentaria and began to re-intensify. Over the following few days, deep convection formed around a 37 km wide eye. Early on 22 April, the Bureau of Meteorology assessed Monica to have attained Category 5 status, on the Australian cyclone intensity scale. The JTWC also upgraded Monica to a Category 5 equivalent cyclone, on the Saffir--Simpson Hurricane Scale. The storm attained its peak intensity the following day with winds of 250 km/h (155 km/h 10-minute sustained) and a barometric pressure of 916 hPa (mbar). At the same time, the JTWC assessed the storm to have attained winds of 285 km/h 1-minute sustained), ranking it as one of the strongest storms ever recorded in the Southern Hemisphere. On 24 April, Monica made landfall about 35 km west of Maningrida, at the same intensity. Rapid weakening took place as the storm moved over land. Less than 24 hours after landfall, the storm had weakened to a tropical low. The remnants of the former-Category 5 cyclone persisted until 28 April over northern Australia.
In contrast to the extreme intensity of the cyclone, relatively little structural damage resulted from it. No injuries were reported throughout the storm\'s existence and losses were estimated to be A\$1.6 million (US\$766,000). However, severe environmental losses took place. In the Northern Territory, about 7,000 km2 of trees were downed by Monica\'s high wind gusts. In response to the large loss of forested area, it was stated that it would take several hundred years for the area to re-flourish.
## Storm names {#storm_names}
### Lists
**TCWC Perth**
- Bertie
- Clare
- Daryl
- Emma
- Floyd
- Glenda
- Hubert
**TCWC Brisbane**
- Jim
- Kate
- Larry
- Monica
| 493 |
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# 2005–06 Australian region cyclone season
## Season effects {#season_effects}
\|- \| Low \|\| `{{sort|20051105|5 – 8 November}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|TD}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|1|Tropical low}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|TD}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|035|{{convert|20|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|TD}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0995|{{convert|995|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| None \|\| None \|\| None \|\| \|- \| Bertie-Alvin \|\| `{{sort|20051119|19 – 24 November}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|5|Category 4 severe tropical cyclone}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|185|{{convert|100|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0928|{{convert|928|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| None \|\| None \|\| None \|\| \|- \| Low \|\| `{{sort|20051221|21 – 23 December}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|TD}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|1|Tropical low}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|TD}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|035|{{convert|20|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|TD}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0998|{{convert|998|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| None \|\| None \|\| None \|\| \|- \| Clare \|\| `{{Sort|20060106|January 6 – 10}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|4|Category 3 severe tropical cyclone}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|140|{{convert|75|kn|km/h mph|order=out|abbr=on|round=5}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|0960|960 hPa (28.35 inHg)}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| Western Australia \|\| \|\| \|- \| Daryl \|\| `{{sort|20060117|17 - 23 January 2006}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|3|Category 2 tropical cyclone}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|100|{{convert|55|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0976|{{convert|976|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| Western Australia \|\| `{{sort|0|None}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{sort|0|None}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| \|- \| Low \| `{{sort|20060124|24 January – 1 February}}`{=mediawiki} \| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|TD}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|1|Tropical low}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|TD}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|035|{{convert|20|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|TD}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0989|{{convert|989|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \| None \|\| None \|\| None \|\| \|- \| Jim \| `{{sort|20060127|27 – 30 January}}`{=mediawiki} \| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|4|Category 3 severe tropical cyclone}}`{=mediawiki} \| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|120|{{convert|65|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0970|{{convert|970|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \| None \|\| None \|\| None \|\| \|- \| Kate \|\| `{{sort|20060222|22 – 23 February}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|3|Category 2 tropical cyclone}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|095|{{convert|50|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0985|{{convert|985|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| Torres Strait \|\| `{{sort|1|Unknown}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{sort|1|Unknown}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| \|- \| Emma \|\| `{{Sort|20060226|26 February – 1 March}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A1}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|2|Category 1 tropical cyclone}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A1}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|075|{{convert|40|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A1}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0988|{{convert|988|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| Western Australia \|\| `{{sort|1|Unknown}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{sort|1|Unknown}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| \|- \| Low \|\| `{{sort|20060228|28 February – 6 March}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|TD}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|1|Tropical low}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|TD}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|055|{{convert|30|kn|km/h mph|order=out|round=5|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|TD}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0998|{{convert|998|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| None \|\| None \|\| None \|\| \|- \| Larry \|\| `{{sort|20060322|16 – 21 March}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|5|Category 4 severe tropical cyclone}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|185|{{convert|100|kn|km/h mph|order=out|round=5|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0940|{{convert|940|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| Queensland \|\| `{{ntsp|1100000000||$}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 1 \|\| \|- \| Floyd \|\| `{{sort|20060318|18 – 27 March}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|5|Category 4 severe tropical cyclone}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|195|{{convert|105|kn|km/h mph|order=out|round=5|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A4}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0916|{{convert|916|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| Pilbara Coast \|\| \|\| None \|\| \|- \| Wati \| `{{sort|20060320|20 March – 24 March}}`{=mediawiki} \| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|4|Category 3 severe tropical cyclone}}`{=mediawiki} \| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|155|{{convert|85|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A3}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0955|{{convert|955|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \| None \|\| None \|\| None \|\| \|- \| Glenda \|\| `{{sort|20060322|22 – 31 March}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|6|Category 5 severe tropical cyclone}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|205|{{convert|110|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0910|{{convert|910|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| Northern Territory, Pilbara Coast \|\| \|\| None \|\| \|- \| Low \|\| `{{sort|20060326|26 – 29 March}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|TD}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|1|Tropical low}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|TD}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|055|{{convert|30|kn|km/h mph|order=out|round=5|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|TD}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0994|{{convert|994|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| None \|\| None \|\| None \|\| \|- \| Hubert \|\| `{{Sort|20060402|2 – 8 April}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|3|Category 2 tropical cyclone}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|095|{{convert|50|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A2}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0980|{{convert|980|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| Western Australia \|\| `{{sort|0|None}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{sort|0|None}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| \|- \| Monica \|\| `{{sort|20060416|16 – 26 April}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|6|Category 5 severe tropical cyclone}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{Sort|250|{{convert|135|kn|km/h mph|round=5|order=out|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=#`{{storm colour|A5}}`{=mediawiki}\|`{{sort|0916|{{convert|916|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}}}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| Queensland, Northern Territory \|\| \|\| None \|\| \|- `{{TC Areas affected (Bottom)|TC's=17 systems|dates=5 November – 26 April|winds={{convert|250|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}|pres=910 hPa (26
| 487 |
2005–06 Australian region cyclone season
| 4 |
10,999,642 |
# 2005 Anguillian general election
General elections were held in Anguilla on 21 February 2005 to elect the seven elected seats in the House of Assembly. The Anguilla United Front, an alliance of the Anguilla National Alliance and the Anguilla Democratic Party, won the elections retaining four of the elected seats.
## Background
In the previous elections in 2000, the governing Anguilla United Party was defeated by a coalition of the Anguilla National Alliance and the Anguilla Democratic Party. Together the two parties won four of the seven elected seats and the leader of the Anguilla National Alliance, Osbourne Fleming, became Chief Minister. In May 2004 the leadership of the opposition passed from Hubert Hughes, leader of the Anguilla United Movement party, to Edison Baird, leader of the Anguilla Strategic Alliance. This came after one member of the House of Assembly, Albert Hughes, changed parties.
## Electoral system {#electoral_system}
The House of Assembly has 11 members. Seven members are directly elected by the plurality voting system while the other four members are appointed. One of the appointed members is chosen by the governing party, while the other three are appointed by the Governor, with one of the three appointments being made in consultation with the opposition.
## Campaign
Towards the end of January 2005 Chief Minister Osbourne Fleming announced that the election would be held on 21 February, with nominations required by the 8 February. A record 25 candidates put themselves up for election by the 7,560 eligible voters.
The governing Anguilla United Front stood based on the development they had brought over the past five years, including the island\'s first 18 hole golf course, the renovation of Wallblake Airport and plans for a luxury hotel. Osbourne Fleming claimed that the developments would bring jobs and had made Anguilla significantly different from how it had been five years before.
Three opposition parties, the Anguilla Strategic Alliance, Anguilla United Movement and Anguilla Progressive Party fielded candidates. Opposition leader Edison Baird of the Anguilla Strategic Alliance said that the government had not been open enough in explaining how the development project would benefit ordinary Anguillans. Opposition parties also criticised tax concessions given to the company who would be building the luxury hotel.
## Results
All 6 incumbents who sought re-election kept their seats in the election. The only change took place in Valley North where the previous representative, Eric Reid, stood down and was succeeded by Evans McNeil Rogers.
### By constituency {#by_constituency}
Constituency Candidate Party Votes
-------------------- ------------------------ ------- ----- -------
1 - Island Harbour **Kenneth Harrigan** 459 59.61
Joshua Hodge 167 21.69
Barbara Webster-Bourne 102 13.25
Londrade Hodge 42 5.45
2 - Sandy Hill **Osbourne Fleming** 309 68.82
Jerome Roberts 107 23.83
George Hodge 33 7.35
3 - Valley North **Evans Rogers** 609 50.04
Ralph Hodge 354 29.09
Leroy Rogers 211 17.34
Valencia Hodge 43 3.53
4 - Valley South **Victor Banks** 539 54.12
Evan Gumbs 349 35.04
Iwandai Gumbs 108 10.84
5 - Road North **Edison Baird** 338 44.01
Rhona Richardson 261 33.98
Haydn Hughes 147 19.14
Anne Edwards 22 2.86
6 - Road South **Hubert Hughes** 420 44.54
Brent Davis 241 25.56
Curtis Richardson 224 23.75
Jere Gumbs 58 6.15
7 - West End **Albert Hughes** 160 37.56
Walcott Richardson 139 32.63
Wilmoth Hodge 127 29.81
## Aftermath
The day after the elections was declared a national holiday and the four elected members of the Anguilla United Front were sworn into government by the Governor Alan Huckle. Following the election, Albert Hughes, left the Anguilla Strategic Alliance and joined the government. This meant the opposition was evenly split between the Anguilla Strategic Alliance and the Anguilla United Movement, so the Governor did not appoint a Leader of the Opposition
| 621 |
2005 Anguillian general election
| 0 |
10,999,664 |
# Ramsau, Lower Austria
**Ramsau** is a town in the district of Lilienfeld in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
| 20 |
Ramsau, Lower Austria
| 0 |
10,999,666 |
# Helga Feddersen
**Helga Feddersen** (`{{IPA|de|ˈhɛl.ɡa ˈfɛ.dɐ.sn̩|lang|De-Helga Feddersen.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}; 14 March 1930 -- 24 November 1990) was a German actress, comedian, singer, author, and theater director.
## Biography
Feddersen was born and died in Hamburg. She took up acting early in her life, first being cast for minor parts such as maids, cooks and cleaning ladies. After her first successes she moved up major rôles such as naive heroines, young mothers and young ladies of noble heritage.
After a cancer operation in 1955, which resulted in a slight disfiguration of her face, directors shied back from casting her as romantic heroine. Shrewdly recognizing the hint given to her by the fates, she decided to change genres, now appearing most successfully in comedies. Being of Northern German origin with a strong but likeable Northern German accent, Feddersen was mostly cast for productions set in Northern Germany. She often played women of slightly naive but gentle and likeable characters.
Despite her success in comedies, Feddersen still remained popular as a serious actress. Among her most notable appearances on the silver screen was the part of Klothilde in the 1959 cinema adaptation of Thomas Mann\'s classic novel Buddenbrooks.
In 1963, Feddersen played a small part as a witness in *`{{Interlanguage link multi|Das Haus an der Stör|de|3=Stahlnetz: Das Haus an der Stör|lt=Das Haus an der Stör}}`{=mediawiki}* (*The house near river Stör*) an episode of *Stahlnetz*, the German adaptation of the US-format *Dragnet*. This particular episode became the most successful of the whole series and remains to this day as the episode which saw the most re-runs.
In the late 1960s, Feddersen discovered her writing talent, and over the next fifteen years she wrote the scripts for several successful made-for-TV movies and mini series, most of them portraying the hard but hopeful lives of sailors, shipyard workers, fisher men and their families in the port of Hamburg and along the river Elbe as well as the German North Sea Coast.
In 1971, Feddersen - who was also a highly acclaimed stage actress - was invited to Hamburg\'s famous Ohnsorg-Theater. The Ohnsorg Theater remains to this day as the most popular theater in Germany, and each of its productions (usually 4 to 6 per year) is videotaped for a subsequent TV airing after the end of a play\'s scheduled run. Feddersen\'s 1971 guest appearance at the Ohnsorg Theater as the nosy, fussy middle-aged spinster Bertha Bliesemann in the play *Der möblierte Herr* (loosely translated *The Gentleman lodger*) resulted in one of the most popular broadcasts ever from the Ohnsorg Theater. *Der möblierte Herr* is regularly re-run on German TV.
In 1975, Feddersen was cast for the part of Else Tetzlaff in the series *Ein Herz und eine Seele*, the German adaptation of the British sitcom *Till Death Us Do Part*, which was known in the U. S. as *All in the Family*. She took over the part from Elisabeth Wiedemann, who had declined to sign a contract for a new season. The part of Else\'s son-in-law, Michael, was also recast. The cast changes, though, were immensely unpopular with the German audience, so the series was discontinued. The failing of *Ein Herz und eine Seele* was Feddersen\'s first serious flop in her career.
Aside from being an actress, Feddersen loved to appear as a comedian. During the late 1970s, she hosted several comedy shows and enjoyed a smash hit in 1978, when she teamed up with Dieter \"Didi\" Hallervorden for the duet *Du, die Wanne ist voll* (*The bathtub\'s full*), a chart topping spoof cover version of *You\'re the One That I Want* from the movie *Grease*. In 1981, Feddersen enjoyed a solo \# 1 on the German charts with *Gib mir bitte einen Kuss* (*Please, give me just one kiss*), a spoof vocal version of the Chicken Dance.
In the 1980s, Feddersen mostly worked as a writer. Her book *Hallo, hier ist Helga* (*Hello, this is Helga*) became an instant best seller.
In 1983 a dream came true for her when she opened her very own theater in Hamburg. Her self-written play *Die Perle Anna* (*Anna, the pearl*) about a witty and good hearted house maid was a box office hit and ran for several years.
In 1989, Feddersen was diagnosed with cancer for the second time in her life. Although she had to give up her beloved theater, her will to live helped her to overcome cancer. In 1990, she worked as an actress again. Her guest appearance as a courageous policeman\'s widow in the long-running series *Großstadtrevier* (famous for its authentical portrayal of policemen\'s work and private lives), though, became the last role she ever played. Shortly after the filming of the show\'s episode was completed, Feddersen was diagnosed with cancer again. Shortly before her death on 24 November 1990, she married Olli Maier, who had been her life partner for more than ten years.
Helga Feddersen was buried in Stuttgart by request of Olli Maier, because it was his birth city. Maier was severely rebuked for this decision by the mayor and the people of Hamburg, because Helga Feddersen had always declared that Hamburg was her true home.
Helga Feddersen is still remembered and recognized in Germany as a talented actress and a loveable, warm-hearted person.
## Selected filmography {#selected_filmography}
**Actress**
- *Professor Nachtfalter* (1951)
- *The Buddenbrooks* (1959), as Clothilde Buddenbrook
- *Girl from Hong Kong* (1961)
- *The Green Archer* (1961)
- *Stahlnetz: `{{Interlanguage link multi|Das Haus an der Stör|de|3=Stahlnetz: Das Haus an der Stör|lt=Das Haus an der Stör}}`{=mediawiki}* (1963, TV), as Hildegard Fette
- *Stahlnetz: Strandkorb 421 (Stahlnetz)* (1964, TV), as Hotel Chambermaid
- *The Priest of St
| 937 |
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| 0 |
10,999,674 |
# Grevillea tetragonoloba
***Grevillea tetragonoloba*** is species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a dense, erect to spreading shrub, usually with pinnatipartite to almost pinnatisect leaves, the end lobes linear, and clusters of yellowish-brown to fawn flowers with a scarlet to orange-red style.
## Description
*Grevillea tetragonoloba* is dense, erect to spreading shrub that typically grows to a height of 2.0--2.5 m. Its leaves are 60--130 mm long and mostly pinnatipartite to almost pinnatisect with 3 to 13 lobes, the end lobes linear, 30--130 mm long, 0.8--1.5 mm wide, sharply pointed and rectangular in cross-section. The flowers are arranged on one side of a rachis 45--115 mm long, the flowers yellowish-brown to fawn with a scarlet to orange-red style, the pistil 22--25 mm long. Flowering occurs throughout the year with a peak between October and March, and the fruit a follicle 10--15 mm long.
## Taxonomy
*Grevillea tetragonoloba* was first formally described in 1856 by Carl Meissner in de Candolle\'s *Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis* from specimens collected by James Drummond in the Swan River Colony. The specific epithet (*tetragonoloba*) means \"four-angled lobe\", referring to the cross-sectional shape of the leaf lobes.
## Distribution and habitat {#distribution_and_habitat}
This grevillea grows in mallee heath, woodland and shrubland between Cape Riche and Needilup and near Bremer Bay in the Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and Mallee bioregions of south-western Western Australia.
## Conservation status {#conservation_status}
*Grevillea tetragonoloba* is listed as \"not threatened\" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. Grevillea *tetragonoloba* is listed as Endangered by the IUCN Red List and its main threats include road and agriculture construction and weed invasion
| 285 |
Grevillea tetragonoloba
| 0 |
10,999,697 |
# Rohrbach an der Gölsen
**Rohrbach an der Gölsen** is a town in the district of Lilienfeld in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.
## Geography
Rohrbach an der Gölsen lies in the Mostviertel in Lower Austria. About 41.27 percent of the municipality is forested
| 45 |
Rohrbach an der Gölsen
| 0 |
10,999,707 |
# Izgrev, Sofia
**Izgrev** (*}}, meaning \"sunrise\"*) is one of the 24 districts of Sofia. It has an area of about 4.2 km^2^ The population as of 2006 is 33,611. It includes three neighbourhoods: \"Iztok\" (pop. 15,600), \"Dianabad\" (14,000) and \"Izgrev\" (3,100). There are many parks and green spaces which cover around 42% of the municipal area making it one of the environmentally friendliest urban areas in Sofia. There are 17 foreign embassies.
The economy is dominated by services, trade, finance, industry and construction. There are 15 small and middle-size manufacturing plants and 2 large ones producing electrical and electronic equipment, machinery, metals and metal details. There are 340 trade sites which include the World Trade Centre \"Interpred\". The unemployment for 2004 is 3,1% and for 2006- 1,1% which is among the lowest in the capital and the nation.
The public infrastructure includes 12 schools, 9 kindergartens, 2 clinics, Hospital for active treatment of neurogy and psychiatry, 2 libraries. Other institutions structures include the Borisova Gradina TV Tower, National Sports Complex \"Diana\", Park-Hotel \"Moskva\" (Moscow), National Investigating Department, several TV headquarters, Yug (South) Bus Station and others
| 187 |
Izgrev, Sofia
| 0 |
10,999,714 |
# Albano (river)
The **Albano** is a stream (or *torrente*) of Lombardy, Italy which flows through the province of Como. It rises from the Bocchetta di Sommafiume, in the commune of Germasino and runs eastwards through the Albano valley entering Lake Como at Dongo. Between the communes of Germasino and Dongo Albano passes through Garzeno.
The most common fish are brown trout (both *Salmo trutta* morpha *fario* and *S. trutta* morpha *lacustris*), rainbow trout, and chub. The fauna supported by the stream also include amphibians such as the fire salamander, and insects such as stream mayflies
| 96 |
Albano (river)
| 0 |
10,999,768 |
# Sankt Veit an der Gölsen
**Sankt Veit an der Gölsen** is a town in the district of Lilienfeld in the Austrian federal state of Lower Austria.
## Geography
**Sankt Veit an der Gölsen** is located in the Mostviertel at the south-western edge of the Vienna Woods and at the beginning of the Lower Austrian Prealps. The river Gölsen flows through the municipal territory. The area of the town is 78.12 square kilometer, whereby 55.98% consists of woodland area.
Parts of the town are Außer-Wiesenbach, Inner-Wiesenbach, Kerschenbach, Kropfsdorf, Maierhöfen, Obergegend, Pfenningbach, Rainfeld, Schwarzenbach an der Gölsen, St. Veit an der Gölsen, Steinwandleiten, Traisenort, Wiesenfeld and Wobach.
## History
In the antiquity the territory was part of the province Noricum. Located in the Austrian core country Lower Austria it took part in the changeful history of Austria.
## Population
## Politics
The Mayor of the town is Johann Gastegger. After the election in 2010 for the local government the SPÖ has 15 mandates, the ÖVP has 7 mandates and the FPÖ has one mandate.
## Notable residents {#notable_residents}
- Clemens Lashofer (February 2, 1941 - July 6, 2009) - Abbot of Göttweig Abbey
| 192 |
Sankt Veit an der Gölsen
| 0 |
10,999,776 |
# Entrainment (physical geography)
In physical geography, **entrainment** is the process by which surface sediment is incorporated into a fluid flow (such as air, water or even ice) as part of the operation of erosion
| 35 |
Entrainment (physical geography)
| 0 |
10,999,801 |
# Paula Vesala
**Paula Julia Vesala** (born December 10, 1981) is a Finnish singer-songwriter. She was one of two singers and main lyricist in the pop rock duo PMMP along with Mira Luoti. Her solo career began in 2015 under the stage name **Vesala**. She has composed songs for other well-known Finnish artists such as Vesa-Matti Loiri, Jenni Vartiainen, and Antti Tuisku.
## Career
### Education
Vesala attended the Sibelius Academy in Helsinki, where she studied music education and classical singing as well as the piano and violin. Since 2011, she has studied dramaturgy at the Helsinki Theatre Academy and later at University of California, Los Angeles. Her 10-minute play \"English Lesson\" was chosen among seven others as one of the best in the national Theater Masters 10-minute playwriting competition.
- Pohjois-Savon Ammattikorkeakoulu (Savonia Polytechinc) Music Pedagogy / major: classical singing 2000 -- 2002
- Sibelius Academy: Department: Music Education / major: music education 2002 -- 2011
- The Helsinki Theatre Academy: Dramaturgy degree program / major: dramaturgy and playwriting 2011 -- 2014
- UCLA-University of California, Los Angeles in MFA Playwriting program at TFT (School of Theater, Film and Television) 2014 -- 2017
### PMMP (2002--2013) {#pmmp_20022013}
**PMMP** was a Finnish band fronted by singers Paula Vesala and Mira Luoti and backed by musicians Mikko Virta, Juho Vehmanen and Heikki Kytölä. PMMP has been called one of the biggest and most important bands of the 2000s, as the band had a huge impact on the music scene in Finland. PMMP\'s albums were produced by Jori Sjöroos, who also wrote the music for all songs. The lyrics are written by Paula and Mira, mostly Paula. The name of the band is often said to be an abbreviation of the phrase \"Paulan ja Miran Molemmat Puolet\" (both sides of Paula and Mira). In an interview on Finnish talk show Krisse Show, they stated that the name of the band is derived from the names of its members: Paula, Mira, Mira, Paula, similarly to ABBA.
PMMP first became well known in Finland for the 2003 summer hit *Rusketusraidat* (*Tan Lines*). They then enjoyed great success with their second album *Kovemmat kädet* (*Rougher Hands*), which went gold (double platinum in 2010). An extended version of the album was released in August 2005. *Oo siellä jossain mun*, a single from the aforementioned album, is PMMP\'s biggest hit so far in Finland.
In November 2006, PMMP released their third album *Leskiäidin tyttäret* (*Daughters of a widowed mother*), which went platinum on the day it was released.
They released an album labeled *Puuhevonen* (*Wooden Horse*) featuring contemporary takes on traditional children\'s songs in 2007, around the time their first children were born. In 2009, they released their fourth rock/pop album *Veden varaan* (*Overboard*, or *Afloat*) and their fifth album *Rakkaudesta* (*Out of love*, or *About love*) was released in 2012.
The band was an acclaimed live act. PMMP played their final concert on October 27, 2013, at the Helsinki Ice Hall which, along with an additional show on the night before, sold out within the first minutes after ticket sales opened.
In 2013, PMMP was awarded by the Ministry of Education and Culture in Helsinki with the Finland Prize. The Prize gives recognition to important figures in the Finnish cultural landscape across widely varying fields. The pop-duo were \"commended for offering new role models for young women.\"
### Awards
PMMP has won a total of nine Finnish Grammys. The categories are:
- 2003 -- Pop-rock newcomer
- 2005 -- Album of the year *Kovemmat kädet* (*Rougher Hands*), Pop album *Kovemmat kädet* and Best band
- 2006 -- Album of the year *Leskiäidin tyttäret* (*Daughters of a widowed mother*) and Pop album *Leskiäidin tyttäret*
- 2009 -- Album of the year *Veden varaan* (*Overboard*, or *Afloat*), Rock album *Veden varaan* and Best band
### Solo career (2015--present) {#solo_career_2015present}
In October 2015, Paula Vesala announced that in the future she would make music under the stage name *Vesala*. Her first single \"Tequila\", written and composed by her, was released on October 23, 2015, and her first solo album on June 17, 2016. The album sold platinum in just over a month.
### As a lyricist and composer {#as_a_lyricist_and_composer}
Paula Vesala has composed and written songs for other artists such as Johanna Kurkela, Jenni Vartiainen, Vesa-Matti Loiri, Martti Saarinen, Katri Ylander, Tiktak, Petra Gargano, Antti Tuisku, Anna Abreu, Uusi Fantasia, Freeman, Katri Helena, Jippu, Samuli Edelmann, Stig, Jesse Kaikuranta and Aṣa. She has composed music for Finnish theater, including for the play *Neljäs Tie* directed by Esa Leskinen shown at the Finnish National Theatre in 2013. In 2016, she received the Juha Vainio Award, an annual award given to a significant Finnish lyricist. Vesala was the 26th person and the 5th woman to receive the award.
### As an actress {#as_an_actress}
Vesala acted in a silent film called *Myrsk* (Tempest) by director Elina Oikari at TaiK in 2013, playing the role of Prince Ferdinand. She has provided the Finnish voice for several movies including *Tinker Bell*, *Happily N\'Ever After*, *Arthur and the Minimoys*, *High School Musical 1*, 2 and 3. She translated Benny Andersson\'s, Lars Rudolfsson\'s and Björn Ulvaeus\' musical *Kristina från Duvemåla*, and the ABBA songs in the musical *Mamma Mia!* from Swedish to Finnish for Svenska Teatern.
| 880 |
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| 0 |
10,999,801 |
# Paula Vesala
## Career
### Other projects {#other_projects}
#### Kerkko Koskinen Kollektiivi {#kerkko_koskinen_kollektiivi}
Kerkko Koskinen Kollektiivi (*Kollektiivi* for short) is a Finnish band formed by Kerkko Koskinen (Ultra Bra) with Vuokko Hovatta (Ultra Bra), Paula Vesala (PMMP) and Manna. In January 2014, Paula Vesala informed that she had left the group. She was replaced by Maija Vilkkumaa.
Kollektiivi has released two albums, *Kerkko Koskinen Kollektiivi* (which won the Finnish gold record music prize) in 2012 and *2* in 2014.
#### Vain elämää {#vain_elämää}
In 2014, Paula Vesala took part in the 3rd season of Vain elämää with Samuli Edelmann, Elastinen, Paula Koivuniemi, Vesa-Matti Loiri, Jenni Vartiainen, and Toni Wirtanen. The season aired from September 19, 2014, to November 7, 2014. At the end of the 3rd season, the compilation album *Vain Elämää -- Kausi 3 (ilta)* was released under the label WEA / Warner. The album topped the Finnish Albums Chart. The compilation album *Vain Elämää -- Kausi 3 (päivä)* that reached number two in Finnish Albums Chart was released.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Paula Vesala is from the Finnish town of Kärsämäki. On November 8, 2014, Paula Vesala married her longtime partner Lauri Ylönen, the lead singer of The Rasmus in Las Vegas; the couple filed a marriage statement on December 29, 2014, and the marriage was registered in Helsinki on January 5, 2015. They have a son Julius, who was born in April 2008. The family moved to Los Angeles in Autumn 2014. On September 26, 2016, the couple announced their divorce after a 12-year relationship through an official statement
| 263 |
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| 1 |
10,999,805 |
# Tarcoola Beach, Western Australia
**Tarcoola Beach** is a southern coastal suburb of Geraldton, Western Australia, which falls under the jurisdiction of the local government area of the City of Greater Geraldton.
The suburb was gazetted in 1985-1986.
## Geography
Tarcoola Beach is a narrow strip about 3.2 km in length, and is located between Brand Highway and the Indian Ocean, at the southern entrance to Geraldton.
## Demographics
In the `{{CensusAU|2006}}`{=mediawiki}, Tarcoola Beach had a population of 1,422.
Tarcoola Beach residents had a median age of 37, and a regionally above-average median individual income --- \$656 per week, compared with \$461 per week. The population of Tarcoola Beach was predominantly Australian-born - 78.9%, as of the 2006 census - while 6.39% were born in the United Kingdom. 6.57% of the local population reported one or more parents of Italian birth, while small numbers of Filipinos were also present.
The most popular religious affiliations in descending order in the 2001 census were Roman Catholic, Anglican, no religion and Uniting.
## Facilities
Tarcoola Beach contains a number of accommodation options, including a caravan park and several motels and B&Bs. The suburb contains no schools or shopping facilities, relying in both cases on neighbouring Mount Tarcoola
| 204 |
Tarcoola Beach, Western Australia
| 0 |
10,999,806 |
# List of diplomatic missions of Northern Cyprus
This is a **list of diplomatic missions of Northern Cyprus**. The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) is recognized only by Turkey, and consequently has only one embassy with *de jure* recognition, along with six consulates-general. However this has not prevented the TRNC authorities from opening representative offices elsewhere. Legally the two representative offices in the United States are in the status of commercial entities and the staff do not have diplomatic visas.
## Americas
Host country Host city Mission Head
-------------- ------------------ ----------------------- ---------------------
Name Title
Washington, D.C. Representative Office Mustafa Lakadamyalı
New York City Representative Office Mehmet Dânâ
## Asia
Host country Host city Mission Head
-------------- ------------- -------------------------- -----------------
Name Title
Baku Representative Office Ufuk Turganer
Manama Representative Office Umut Koldaş
Kuwait City Representative Office Hilmi Akil
Bishkek Economy & Tourism Office Atınç Keskin
Muscat Representative Office Mustafa Tunç
Islamabad Representative Office Mehmet Davulcu
Doha Representative Office Mustafa Güven
Abu Dhabi Representative Office Zeliha Khashman
## Europe
Host country Host city Mission Head
-------------- ------------ ----------------------- ------------------------
Name Title
Gaming Representative Office
Brussels Representative Office Ayda Soylu
Helsinki Representative Office Sonat Altuğ
Strasbourg Representative Office Selda Çimen
Berlin Representative Office Beniz Uluer Kaymak
Budapest Representative Office Özgür Ezel
Rome Representative Office Mustafa Davulcu
Stockholm Representative Office Murat Soysal
Geneva Representative Office Gizem Alpman
Ankara Embassy Kemal Köprülü
Antalya Consulate-General Mustafa K
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# Eusebio Leal
**Eusebio Leal Spengler** (11 September 1942`{{spnd}}`{=mediawiki}31 July 2020) was a Cuban historian. He served as the municipal historian of Havana, as well as the director of the restoration project of Old Havana. Under his oversight, the historic centre of the capital city became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. He also authored books and hosted radio and television programs that recounted the city and its history.
## Early life {#early_life}
Leal was born in Havana on 11 September 1942. He was raised by a single mother, who was a washerwoman and cleaner. He dropped out of school during grade six in order to support the two of them. Although he did not receive further formal schooling, he passed the university entrance exam through self-learning. He studied at the University of Havana, obtaining a master\'s degree in Latin American, Caribbean, and Cuban studies and a doctorate of historical science from the same institution. During his studies, he would read in the small museum run by Emilio Roig de Leushenring, to whom he was introduced in 1962. Leal would go on to be mentored by Roig, until the latter\'s death in 1964.
## Career
Leal succeeded Roig as the city historian of Havana in 1967. One of his first tasks was to renovate the Palacio de los Capitanes Generales, situated on the Plaza de Armas. The project took 11 years to complete and, by the end of the 1970s, became the municipal museum with Leal selected to be its first director. Subsequently, he managed to have the entire Old Havana cited as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1982. Leal was able to put his master plan of refurbishing 30 buildings into action with the support of Fidel Castro.
The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, coupled with the cessation of sugar subsidies, resulted in a period of economic hardship in Cuba called the Special Period. Leal realised that the Cuban state could not fund the restoration of Old Havana directly. As a result, he persuaded Castro to pass part of the profits from commercial businesses set up in the area to fund the restoration. For that purpose, he established several companies to draw foreign investment into the country. This included Habaguanex S.A., a tourist-management company that owned hotels and restaurants, and was not liable to tax on its profits.
Leal was accorded unparalleled freedom from government intervention, such as being granted US\$1 million in seed money to be used at his own discretion. He also was allocated a special security force to protect him at historical sites.
The successful revitalization effort, and the broad powers given to him by the government, resulted in Leal becoming the de facto mayor of Old Havana. He would greet foreign heads of state at the airport from time to time, and supervise cultural and state events. He was also a member of the ruling Cuban Communist Party\'s elite Central Committee and eventually, was regarded as an elder statesman.
### Other positions {#other_positions}
Leal was president of the Commission of Monuments in the City of Havana and a specialist in Archeological Sciences. He also served as deputy to the National Assembly, as well as a goodwill ambassador for the United Nations. He established his own radio and television show entitled, \"Andar la Habana\", in which he chronicled forgotten historical accounts while taking a stroll down the streets of Old Havana. He wrote a number of books about Havana, including *Desafío de Una Utopía* (Challenge of a Utopia, 1996), which explored how Old Havana could be preserved, and *La Habana, ciudad antigua* (Havana, ancient city, 1988).
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Leal was a close friend of Fidel Castro and his brother Raúl. Nonetheless, he eschewed making open political expressions, preferring to identify himself as a \"Fidelist\" rather than a Marxist. His predominantly moderate political positions led to him being excluded from a key promotion when Raul became president in February 2008; however, he ultimately remained in his post.
Leal was a devout Roman Catholic. He credited his enjoyment of restoring historical structures to his early commitment to the Church. Consequently, he championed the freedom of religion for all those who also wanted to participate in the Communist Party. His faith drew the ire of many bureaucrats within the party, however, he saw no disjuncture between religion and revolution, stating in a 2010 interview that \"for me they were never incompatible\".
Leal\'s son, Javier, runs a travel agency and an art gallery in Barcelona, Spain.
Leal died on the morning of 31 July 2020. He was 77, and had been suffering from cancer.
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Eusebio Leal
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# Eusebio Leal
## Awards and honours {#awards_and_honours}
Leal was promoted to Commander of the Legion of Honour in January 2013, having previously been Knight and Officer of that same order. In 2017, he received both the Order of Isabella the Catholic from the Spanish government, as well as the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. The following year, the Order of Merit was bestowed on him by Chile. Subsequently, during a visit to Cuba by Felipe VI of Spain in November 2019, he was awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III. Leal served as guide to both Felipe and Queen Letizia during their tour of Old Havana.
In addition to those from his home country, Leal received honorary degrees from universities in Chile, Greece, Italy, Peru, and Uruguay
| 135 |
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# Traisen, Austria
**Traisen** (`{{IPA|de|ˈtʀaɪ̯zn̩|-|De-at Traisen.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}, pronunciation in local German dialect `{{IPA|de|ˈtʀoːazn̩||De-at-3 Traisen (Ort).ogg}}`{=mediawiki}) is a town in the district of Lilienfeld in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.
## Population
## Personalities
- Rupert Hollaus (1931--1954) was an Austrian Grand Prix motorcycle road racer who competed for the NSU factory racing team. He is the only Austrian to win a road racing World Championship.
- Kurt Krieger (1926--1970), nicknamed \"Dutch\", was a Major League Baseball player who played pitcher from 1949 to 1951
| 84 |
Traisen, Austria
| 0 |
10,999,849 |
# Du, die Wanne ist voll
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| 32 |
Du, die Wanne ist voll
| 0 |
10,999,851 |
# Mornington Sanctuary
-17.5288 126.1033 type:landmark_region:AU format=dms display=title **Mornington Sanctuary**, formerly **Mornington Station**, is a 3582 km2 nature reserve in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. It contains the Mornington Wilderness Camp and is owned and managed by the Australian Wildlife Conservancy (AWC). It lies in the Pentecost subregion of the Central Kimberley Bioregion.
## History
Mornington is a pastoral lease that was run mainly as a beef cattle station for most of the 20th century. It was named after Victoria\'s Mornington Peninsula by Bob Maxted. It was acquired by AWC in 2001 for biodiversity conservation.
## Landscape and climate {#landscape_and_climate}
Much of the landscape of the reserve is rugged; it contains a section of the Wunaamin-Miliwundi Ranges and the upper catchment of the Fitzroy River, as well as the mesas of the Baulk Face Range and Fitzroy Bluff. Tributaries of the Fitzroy River flow through vertically walled gorges, such as Dimond Gorge. Lake Gladstone, the largest wetland in the Kimberley, lies in the north-west part of the reserve. Vegetation is predominantly various forms of tropical savanna woodland and grassland regulated by frequent wildfires. Fragments of rainforest communities such as Livistona palm forests may be found in gullies and other areas protected from fires.
The climate is tropical and monsoonal with distinct wet (November--April) and dry (May--October) seasons. Average annual rainfall is about 700 mm.
## Wildlife
The reserve has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it supports significant populations of threatened red goshawks and Gouldian finches, as well as globally important populations of grey falcons, Australian bustards, chestnut-backed buttonquails, bush stone-curlews, white-quilled rock-pigeons, varied lorikeets, northern rosellas, purple-crowned fairywrens, silver-crowned friarbirds, white-gaped, yellow-tinted, bar-breasted and banded honeyeaters, sandstone shrike-thrushes, white-browed robins, spinifexbirds, painted firetails, masked and long-tailed finches.
Other threatened animals recorded from Mornington include freshwater crocodiles and northern quolls. Spectacled hare-wallabies, ghost bats and orange leaf-nosed bats are likely to occur.
## Access
Mornington Sanctuary is remote. Road access to the Wilderness Camp is by 4WD vehicles only, via the Gibb River Road and the 90 km no-through Mornington Road, and may be closed during the wet season. Driving distances and estimated times are:
- Broome - 550 kilometres (7 hours)
- Derby - 330 kilometres (5 hours)
- Fitzroy Crossing - 385 kilometres (6 hours)
- Kununurra - 565 kilometres (8 hours)
The Wilderness Camp has a 1,000 m airstrip; charter flights can be arranged
| 404 |
Mornington Sanctuary
| 0 |
10,999,876 |
# Türnitz
**Türnitz** is a town in the district of Lilienfeld in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.
## Population
## Climate
Mean annual temperature is 8.2 degree Celsius; annual precipitation is 1108.8 mm. Rainfall is at its highest in August at 136.6 mm, at its lowest in April at 59.4 mm. It is warmest in July, coolest in January
| 60 |
Türnitz
| 0 |
10,999,907 |
# 2005–06 South Pacific cyclone season
The **2005--06 South Pacific cyclone season** was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. It began on November 1, 2005, and ended on April 30, 2006. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the southern Pacific Ocean east of 160°E. Additionally, the regional tropical cyclone operational plan defines a *tropical cyclone year* separately from a *tropical cyclone season*, and the \"tropical cyclone year\" runs from July 1, 2005, to June 30, 2006.
Tropical cyclones between 160°E and 120°W and north of 25°S are monitored by the Fiji Meteorological Service in Nadi. Those that move south of 25°S are monitored by the Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre in Wellington, New Zealand.
\_\_TOC\_\_
## Seasonal forecasts {#seasonal_forecasts}
+-----------------------------+-------------+------------------+-----+
| Source\ | Tropical\ | Severe\ | Ref |
| Record | Cyclone | Tropical Cyclone | |
+=============================+=============+==================+=====+
| *Record high:* | 1997--98:16 | 1982--83:10 | |
+-----------------------------+-------------+------------------+-----+
| *Record low:* | 2003--04: 3 | 1994--95: 1 | |
+-----------------------------+-------------+------------------+-----+
| FMS | 7--9 | \- | |
+-----------------------------+-------------+------------------+-----+
| Activity during the season: | 5 | 3 | |
+-----------------------------+-------------+------------------+-----+
During October 2005, both RSMC Nadi and New Zealand\'s National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research issued seasonal forecasts which contained information on what was expected to occur during the 2005--06 tropical cyclone season. Both agencies expected that the season would see a near average amount of tropical cyclone activity due there being no El Niño or La Niña. As a result of these conditions RSMC Nadi predicted that between 7--9 tropical cyclones would develop while NIWA did not predict how many tropical cyclone there would be during the season. RSMC Nadi also reported that Fiji had a higher chance of being hit by a tropical cyclone this season than during recent previous seasons. NIWA also predicted that there was an average risk of a tropical cyclone coming within 550 km, of: Fiji, Tonga, Niue, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna, the Southern Cook Islands, Samoa, and New Zealand.
## Seasonal summary {#seasonal_summary}
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`from:01/02/2006 till:01/03/2006 text:February`\
`from:01/03/2006 till:01/04/2006 text:March`\
`from:01/04/2006 till:01/05/2006 text:April`
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# 2005–06 South Pacific cyclone season
## Systems
### Tropical Depression 03F {#tropical_depression_03f}
Formed on December 8 and dissipated on December 18, 2005.
### Tropical Cyclone Tam {#tropical_cyclone_tam}
Tam originated as Tropical Depression 04F near 15°S 179.5°E on January 6. The system then lingered around for a few days, appearing to significantly weaken, but strengthened later. As Tam moved southeastward on January 12, a gale warning was issued for Tonga and later for Niue as well as American Samoa. Tam accelerated towards south-southeast and became extratropical on January 14.
### Tropical Depression 05F {#tropical_depression_05f}
Formed on January 10 and dissipated on January 13, 2006.
### Tropical Cyclone Urmil {#tropical_cyclone_urmil}
The second named storm of the season formed out of a weak tropical disturbance on January 13. Later that day, the RSMC in Nadi began issuing advisories on the system and classified it as Tropical Depression 06F while located about 370 km west of Pago Pago, American Samoa. With favorable environmental conditions in the wake of Tropical Cyclone Tam, the depression rapidly organized, strengthening into a Category 1 cyclone six hours after the first advisory was issued and was given the name Urmil. Several hours later, the JTWC also began issuing advisories on Urmil, designating it as Tropical Cyclone 07P. On January 14, Urmil underwent a brief period explosive deepening, attaining its peak intensity of 110 km/h 10-min). Not long after reaching its peak, increased wind shear, cooler waters, and faster forward motion caused the storm to weaken. By January 15, Urmil transitioned into an extratropical cyclone. Later that day, the remnants of the storm were absorbed into the mid-latitude westerlies.
Tropical Cyclone Urmil had little impact on land, with gale-force winds being felt only in Tonga. Heavy rains exaggerated flooding produced by Cyclone Tam earlier in January and caused minor crop damages.
### Tropical Depression 07F {#tropical_depression_07f}
The seventh depression of the season developed on January 15 as Urmil was dissipating. A weak system, 07F formed out of a slow moving tropical disturbance about 790 km north of Fiji. The system peaked in intensity with winds of 30 km/h later that day. On January 16, the low dissipated about 325 km west-northwest of Fiji.
### Severe Tropical Cyclone Jim {#severe_tropical_cyclone_jim}
Cyclone Jim originated in the Australian region, and moved into Fiji\'s area of responsibility on January 30. Jim gradually turned south-southeastward and became extratropical on February 1. The extratropical remnants of Jim (08F) lingered around and then moved northwest.
Despite being well to the west of that country, Cyclone Jim was blamed for extensive flooding in Fiji, with the western coast of the island of Viti Levu -- including the city of Lautoka -- inundated by floodwaters on January 29. No fatalities were reported in any of the areas affected by the cyclone.
### Tropical Depression 10F {#tropical_depression_10f}
The tenth depression of the season formed on February 2 about 150 km southwest of Niue. High wind shear prevented significant strengthening, with winds peaking at 55 km/h and a minimum pressure of 998 hPa (mbar). Tracking erratically in a southerly direction, the depression slowly weakened as convection was displaced by wind shear. Tropical Depression 10F was last monitored on February 4 about 740 km southeast of Tongatapu.
### Tropical Depression 11F {#tropical_depression_11f}
Formed on February 8 and dissipated on February 10, 2006.
### Severe Tropical Cyclone Vaianu {#severe_tropical_cyclone_vaianu}
Tropical Depression 12F formed near 14.5°S 176.1°W on February 10 and a tropical cyclone alert was raised in Tonga. This is the third tropical system to threaten Tonga this season. At that time, another Tropical Depression (11F) was to its south causing unstable movements of the two depressions due to a Fujiwara interaction. On the next day, 12F became the dominant system and moved south. Strengthening into Tropical Cyclone Vaianu, it turned southwest and passed between Fiji and Tonga. On February 13, Vaianu resumed a southward track and reached hurricane intensity. Vaianu then struck the Tonga islands as a Category 1 cyclone on the Saffir--Simpson scale, knocking down power lines and flattening crops, such as banana and mango trees. In Nuku`{{Okina}}`{=mediawiki}alofa, low-lying areas were shut down because of flooding. On February 13, Vaianu reached its peak intensity of 85 mp/h, but these peak winds were well away from the Tonga and Fiji islands, but Tonga still felt Vaianu\'s winds. Then, the cyclone accelerated towards the southeast, entered TCWC Wellington\'s area of responsibility and became extratropical on February 16.
### Tropical Depression 13F {#tropical_depression_13f}
Formed on February 19 and dissipated on February 26, 2006.
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# 2005–06 South Pacific cyclone season
## Systems
### Severe Tropical Cyclone Wati {#severe_tropical_cyclone_wati}
Tropical Depression 16F formed on March 17 and strengthened into Tropical Cyclone Wati on March 19 north of New Caledonia. It moved westwards and slowly strengthened into a Category 3 cyclone on the Australian scale before coming to a near standstill over the Coral Sea. After remaining stationary for most of March 22, Wati took a southeasterly course on March 23, gaining speed and continuing that course on March 24. A cyclone watch was issued for Lord Howe Island and a cyclone warning was issued for Norfolk Island. Wati passed between the two islands and became extratropical on March 25.
The remains of Wati brought heavy rain and strong winds to the North Island of New Zealand on March 26, with gusts of 140 km/h reported at Cape Reinga.
### Other systems {#other_systems}
During November 30, the FMS reported that Tropical Depression 01F had developed to the southeast of American Samoa.
At this time the system was poorly organized and located within a region of weak vertical wind shear, to the southeast of an upper-level outflow. Over the next couple of days, atmospheric convection surrounding the system failed to become organized and became displaced to the east and south of the center, as it moved south-eastwards into an area of increasing vertical wind shear. The system was last noted during December 2, while it was located about 155 km to the east of Palmerston Island in the Southern Cook Islands. During the following day, the FMS reported that Tropical Depression 02F had developed within an area of moderate vertical wind shear, about 880 km to the northeast of Port Vila in Vanuatu. Over the next few days, the system remained poorly organized and fairly diffused, while an upper-level trough of low pressure approached the system from the west-southwest. This trough steered the system towards the southeastwards and exposed it to strong westerly winds, before the FMS issued their final advisory on the system during December 6.
During January 30, the FMS briefly monitored Tropical Depression 09F, which was thought to be located to the north-northeast of New Caledonia. The system was being steered into an environment of increasing vertical wind shear, while atmospheric convection was active within the systems eastern quadrant and was detached from the systems center.
Tropical Depression 13F was first noted by the FMS during February 19, while it was located about 675 km to the southeast of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands.
During March 13, the FMS reported that Tropical Depression 14F had developed about 225 km to the southeast of Port Vila, Vanuatu.
The system was slowly moving within an area of high vertical wind shear with atmospheric convection, displaced about 220 km to the east of the low level circulation centre. Over the next couple of days the system moved southwards and never became well organised, before it was last noted by the FMS during March 16. The precursor tropical low to Severe Tropical Cyclone Larry moved into the basin, from the Australian region and was assigned the designator 16F by the FMS during March 16.`{{BoM TC Database}}`{=mediawiki} However, during that day the system recurved and moved back into the Australian region during the next day, where it later made landfall near Innisfail, Queensland and caused widespread damage to Queensland. During April 20, the FMS reported that Tropical Depression 17F had developed to the east of the International Date Line, about 500 km to the southeast of Suva, Fiji.
Over the next day the system moved south-eastwards and remained weak and exposed, with deep convection displaced to the south and east of the low level circulation centre. The system was subsequently last noted by the FMS during April 21, as it left the tropics. During the final days of April, several depressions to the east of the International Date Line were noted by the FMS, however, none of these were referred to as tropical depressions
| 665 |
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# Sainik School, Lucknow
**Sainik School, Lucknow** was established in July 1960. The only one of the sainik schools to be administered by the state government, the alumni of which, Captain Manoj Pandey, posthumously received Param Vir Chakra. It was the first Sainik School in the country and was followed by the setting up of other Sainik Schools, under the Ministry of Defence, Government of India, on the same lines. The education in this school is subsidised by the Government of Uttar Pradesh. It is a co-ed (for both boys and girls) residential English medium school affiliated to CBSE Board.
## Mission
The school\'s mission is to seek representation of Uttar Pradesh in the officer cadre of the Defence services through the National Defence Academy and Indian Naval Academy. Therefore, the school imparts military-oriented training to its cadets.
Sainik School is a residential English medium school. The school is a member of Indian Public Schools conference and is included in the Government of India list of meritorious scholars.
The Sainik School is 15 km from Lucknow city. The Lucknow airport is 3 km away and the nearest railhead is Char Bagh, which is 13 km from the school.
The school prepares boys and girls for the science stream of the Central Board of Secondary Education Examination (CBSE) for Class 10 and 12, New Delhi. The school provides education to boys from Class 6 to 12.
## Management
The school is run by the Uttar Pradesh Sainik Schools Society, which is registered under the Indian Societies Registration Act (1860). It is the only Sainik school which is completely financed and managed by the State Government.
## Facilities
As a boarding school, the school provides accommodation to its staff in the school campus. Government of India Scheme of Scholarships in approved residential Secondary Schools is operational in the School.
The school spreads over 280 acre. It has extensive playgrounds and its own stadium Major Salman Ahmad Khan Shaurya Chakra Stadium. The school has facilities for games like hockey, cricket, football, basketball, volleyball, badminton, boxing, table tennis, horse riding and swimming. The cadets go through rigorous physical training throughout their stay. The school follows a timetable for compulsory games and physical training.
Its academic facilities include science laboratories for physics, chemistry and biology; separate music and art rooms; and a library. There are six hostels for the cadets.
The school has six houses named after personalities, Shastri, Pant, Nehru, Sampurnanand, Kidwai and Tandon. The school has a cadet's mess and a sick bay, the latter overseen by a Resident Medical Officer.
## Admission
Admission is on the basis of a competitive examination and interview, which is followed by a medical examination by a Military Medical Board at the Command hospital, Lucknow.
Boys having UP\'s domicile certificate between the age of 10`{{frac|1|2}}`{=mediawiki} and 12 years as on 2 July, of the year of admission are eligible to apply. The boy must have passed class 6 from a recognised school. The child is admitted according to the final placement in the merit list and the number of vacancies available in the school.
The academic year of the School has been divided into:
- First Term 1 July to 24 December.
- Second Term 15 January to 30 April.
- Summer Vacation from about 3 May to about 30 June.
- Winter Vacation from about 24 December to about 15 January.
As of 2018, the school began admitting girls to its programs.
## Notable alumni {#notable_alumni}
### Gallantry award winners {#gallantry_award_winners}
Alumni who have won a Gallantry award
- Capt Manoj Kumar Pandey, PVC (Posthumously)
- Capt Sunil Chandra, VrC (Posthumously)
- Maj Salman Ahmed Khan, SC (Posthumously)
- Maj Amia Kumar Tripathi, SM (Posthumously)
- Lt. Gen. Prateek Sharma, AVSM, SM
- Col K.J. Singh, SC, SM
- Col Siddharth Tiwari, SM
### Alumni civil dignitaries {#alumni_civil_dignitaries}
- Mr Harsh Vardhan - Member of Parliament
- Vierendrra Lalit - Film Maker(Film Director-Cinematographer), Mumbai
| 658 |
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| 0 |
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# Artstetten-Pöbring
**Artstetten-Pöbring** is a town in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
| 18 |
Artstetten-Pöbring
| 0 |
10,999,949 |
# James O'Connor (academic)
**James Richard O\'Connor** (April 20, 1930 -- November 12, 2017) was an American political economist and professor of sociology. He was born April 20, 1930, in Boston, Massachusetts, and died November 12, 2017, in Santa Cruz, California. Together with Barbara Laurence he founded the journal *Capitalism Nature Socialism* in 1988. His political commitment was evident in his networking and organizing with intellectuals across continents to bring to the attention of North American audiences news, perspectives, and analyses of social and environmental struggles from different parts of the world. This is one major way in which the journal Capitalism, Nature, and Socialism came to have international breadth and reach, as well as benefit from the input of thinkers from many countries.
He had two sons, Steven and Daniel O\'Connor.
O'Connor\'s influential work, The Fiscal Crisis of the State examines the tendency of government expenditures to outpace revenues in the United States during the late 1960s and early 1970s. However, its relevance extends beyond the U.S. context, as it sheds light on similar challenges faced by other countries during that period and even in today\'s global economy.
Here are some key points from O'Connor\'s analysis: 1. Anatomy of American State Capitalism: O'Connor delves into the structure of American state capitalism, exploring how political power and budgetary control operate within the United States. 2. Social Capital Expenditures: He discusses social investment and social consumption, emphasizing that understanding government expenditures requires considering power dynamics within the private economy. 3. Social Expenses of Production: O'Connor argues that the state increasingly socializes the expenses of production over time. 4. Financing the Budget: The book explores various potential mechanisms for financing increased budgetary outlays, including state enterprises, state debt issuance, and tax rate adjustments.
O\'Connor\'s analysis remains relevant for understanding contemporary social policy and economic systems.
His subsequent works Accumulation Crisis and The Meaning of Crisis sought to further explore the themes of social and psychological crisis.
The entire first part (five chapters) of his book Natural Causes was devoted to environmental history. In it O'Connor revised historical materialism and theorized labour not as the enemy of nature, but as a partner in a common history of capitalist exploitation, claiming that "the more that (human modified) nature is seen as the history of labour, property, exploitation, and social struggle, the greater will be the chances of a sustainable, equitable, and socially just future."
## Works
- *The Fiscal Crisis of the State* (St. Martin\'s Press, 1973). `{{ISBN|978-1-31513-204-4}}`{=mediawiki}
- *Accumulation Crisis* (Basil Blackwell,Ltd, 1984). `{{ISBN| 0-631-13552-9}}`{=mediawiki}
- *The Meaning of Crisis* (Basil Blackwell,Ltd, 1987). `{{ISBN|0-631-13821-8}}`{=mediawiki}
- *Natural Causes: Essays in Ecological Marxism* (Guilford Press, 1998)
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# Dimond Gorge
**Dimond Gorge** is a gorge on the Fitzroy River, Western Australia, within Mornington Sanctuary.
## Features
### Fauna
The Short-eared rock-wallaby is a known inhabitant of Dimond Gorge.
### River level gauging {#river_level_gauging}
The Department of Water maintain an operating gauging station in the gorge and the current river level can be ascertained [here](http://www.bom.gov.au/fwo/IDW62400/IDW62400.502027.plt.shtml)
## History
Dimond Gorge was considered as a location for the peaceful use of nuclear explosions in the 1960s.
There have been several proposals to dam the Fitzroy River at Dimond Gorge to serve as a water source for agriculture in Kimberley and as a source for Perth.
In 2023, the Bunuba National Park was established, which stretches from Dimond Gorge to Geikie Gorge including the Danggu Gorge National Park
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Dimond Gorge
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# Millimeter Anisotropy eXperiment IMaging Array
The **Millimeter Anisotropy eXperiment IMaging Array** (**MAXIMA**) experiment was a balloon-borne experiment funded by the United States NSF, NASA, and Department of Energy, and operated by an international collaboration headed by the University of California, to measure the fluctuations of the cosmic microwave background. It consisted of two flights, one in August 1998 and one in June 1999. For each flight the balloon was started at the Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility in Palestine, Texas and flew to an altitude of 40,000 metres for over 8 hours. For the first flight it took data from about 0.3 percent of the sky of the northern region near the Draco constellation. For the second flight, known as MAXIMA-II, twice the area was observed, this time in the direction of Ursa Major.
Initially planned together with the BOOMERanG experiment, it split off during the planning phase to take a less risky approach by reducing flying time as well as launching and landing on U.S. territory.
## Instrumentation
A 1.3-metre primary mirror, along with a smaller secondary and tertiary mirror, was used to focus the microwaves onto the feed horns. The feed horns had spectral bands centred at 150, 240 and 420 GHz with a resolution of 10 arcminutes. A bolometer array consisting of sixteen NTD-Ge thermistors measured the incident radiation.
The detector array was cooled to 100 mK via a four-stage refrigeration process. Liquid nitrogen cooled the outer layer of radiation shielding and He-4 was used to cool the two other layers to a temperature of 2--3 K. Finally liquid He-3 cooled the array down to operation temperature. The shielding, together with the properties of the feed horns, gave a sensitivity of `{{val|40|u=uV/s<sup>{{fraction|1|2}}</sup>}}`{=mediawiki}.
Two CCD cameras were used to provide accurate measurements of the telescope\'s orientation. The first wide-field camera pointed towards Polaris and gave a coarse orientation up to 15 arcminutes. The other camera was mounted in the primary focus and gave an accuracy of half an arcminute for stars brighter than 6th magnitude. In total, this produced an overall position tracking accuracy of 10\' for the telescope.
For pointing the telescope, four motors were used.
## Results
Compared to MAXIMA\'s competitor the BOOMERanG experiment, MAXIMA\'s data covers a smaller part of the sky but with much more detail. By the end of the year 2000 the experiment had provided the most accurate measurements of the Cosmic microwave background (CMB) fluctuations on small angular scales. Using this data it was possible to calculate the first three acoustic peaks from the CMB power spectrum. The results confirmed the standard cosmological model, giving a baryon density of about 4%, which agrees with the density calculated from Big Bang nucleosynthesis. The measurement of the flatness of the Universe also confirmed a major prediction of inflationary cosmology, although BOOMERang was the first to discover this
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