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# Ahmed Fakroun
**Ahmed Fakroun** (*أحمد فكرون*; born 1953) is a singer and songwriter from Benghazi, Libya. He is a pioneer of modern Arabic World Music.
John Storm Roberts, of Original Music, AllMusic, wrote that among raï singers, the pop-oriented Ahmed Fakroun stands out on two grounds. First, he is influenced by Europop and French art rock, not just the generalized rock of the others. Second, he\'s a multi-instrumentalist in both traditions as well as a singer. He plays bouzouki-like saz, mandol and darbouka drum, as well as guitar, bass guitar and keyboards. Sometimes he seems overly crossover-oriented: but on form, his crossover deepens into telling biculturalism. It has also been noted that Fakroun was a pioneer in bringing disco music to raï.
## Discography
- *Awedni*, produced by Tommy Vance, 1973 London, UK (distributed by Wadny Recordi, Columbia Records, Polydor France, 1977)
- *Nisyan*, arranged by Nicolas Vangelis & Ahmed Fakroun, 1977, Italy (distributed by Shawara Al Madina, recorded With Enid at Lodge Studio, and mixed at Edin studio London)
- *Yumma*, 1978, Italy (Recorded at IAF Studio)
- *Shibacik* (with Mark Harris), 1979, Italy
- *Soleil Soleil* (with Jhon Ferre), 1983 / 1984, Paris
- You Son (Prince Language Edit).
- *Love Words* (aka *Mots D\'amour*), 1987, Paris (recorded in Paris at Studio des Dame and Garage Studios)
- *Intithar* (recorded at Garage Studios, Paris)
- *Sinbad* (Released by Fakrounmusic, recorded in Libya)
- *Salma* (Released by Fakrounmusic, recorded in Libya)
## Biography
Fakroun has collaborated with international producers including Tommy Vance, Papathanassiou Vangelis, Nicholas Nicorelli, Riccardo Sinigaglia, Group classical rock Enid, Jean Ferre, Jean-Baptiste Mondino and Mark Harris.
An early childhood fascination with rhythmic harmony led him to choose the Fender Precision Electric Bass as his first instrument. This was soon accompanied with harmonica, guitar, and piano, as well as traditional stringed instruments such as oud, mandola and saz.
From the very beginning, he listened intently to music from every corner of the planet - from the Libyan desert and the temples of India to the Scottish highlands, streets of Paris, London, and New York - absorbing a rich variety of influences that would lead to his unique, personal style. His first band, formed in 1970 in Benghazi, played extensively at local school dances and events. Then, in England for five years of upper school, he made his first studio recordings with Tommy Vance, a producer for [Radio Capital](http://www.capitalradio.co.uk/sectional.aspid=3711&scolorsection=listen&b=menu) and the BBC. Joined by three English musicians, Ahmed started performing widely throughout England. Ahmed continued his pursuit of musical and cultural understanding and harmonizing of the world's heritages, returning to his homeland with the hit single - \"Wadny (Promise me) \" and \"Nojoum Al Layl (Night Stars) \" - that launched him to instant stardom in the Arab world. He was soon back in Europe, signing contracts with Italy's [Ricordi label](http://www.italianprog.com/l_ricordi.htm), the Polydor/Phonogram label (for whom he recorded his second single) and the Venezuela branch of the Columbia label. The single \"Soleil Soleil\" recorded with the Bain Douche Paris dic label delivered a major break for his career.
During Ahmed's lengthy sojourn in Paris, promoted with a videoclip produced by Jean Baptiste Mondino and starring popular comedian Coluche (winner of a César in 1984) - which took off in France and many other European countries, winner of the festival youth in 1986 in Morocco. Ahmed Fakroun has been producing and marketing new material on his own for many years now from his well-furnished home studio. He surrounds himself with the latest in musical technology and it allows him to share his passionate vision of global musical friendship with fans everywhere.
Fakroun recently released a remix called Drago, a collaboration with Mudd (Paul Murphy) produced by Claremont 56
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# New York State Fallen Firefighters Memorial
The **New York State Fallen Firefighters Memorial** in Albany, New York is dedicated to the New York firefighters who have died in the line of duty. Governor of New York George Pataki officially dedicated the memorial on October 5, 1998. It features a 54 ft by 15 ft gray granite wall, with 2,312 names permanently etched into the stone. In front of the wall stands a 10 ft high dark bronze sculpture of two firefighters rescuing an injured colleague created by New York sculptor Robert Eccleston. The sculpture rests on a paved plaza with charcoal and red bricks forming a Maltese Cross. The Memorial stands on the northeast side of the Empire State Plaza in the park-like area bordered by Norway maples. It is easily accessible to the hundreds of thousand of visitors who travel to the New York State Capitol and Plaza each year.
The Fallen Firefighters Memorial Ceremony is held each year during national Fire Prevention Week
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# Neil Billingsley
**Neil Billingsley** (born 1970) is a former child actor from the seventies and eighties and financial consultant. He was born in New York City. His four siblings were also child actors, most notably Peter Billingsley and Melissa Michaelsen.
## Career
In 1975, Neil began playing Danny Walton on the daytime soap opera *Search for Tomorrow*. His role lasted several years. The role was taken over by Cain Devore and later John Loprieno. Besides numerous roles in commercials, and guest shots on TV series like *Father Murphy*, Neil also starred in TV movies such as *Million Dollar Infield* and *Shattered Innocence* (which also featured sister Melissa and *A Christmas Story\'s* Melinda Dillon). During the third season of *The All New Mickey Mouse Club*, Neil played a character named Dave on the four episode serial *Just Perfect*. Following his acting career, Neil graduated from Arizona State University and entered the world of finance. Now using the last name Michaelsen, Neil has worked for TM Capital and for APS Financial Corporation. He currently is involved with Triple Tap Ventures in Houston, Texas, which operates Alamo Drafthouse Theaters in Texas (El Paso, Lubbock, and Katy)
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# Kidnapping of Hossein Alikhani
**Hossein Alikhani** was an Iranian NGO founder, political scientist, and author who was abducted in a sting operation by undercover United States Customs Service agents in 1992, and released after being held for 130 days.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Alikhani was the author of *In the Claw of The Eagle: A Guide to U.S Sanctions Against Libya* and *Sanctioning Iran: Anatomy of a Failed Policy*, and was an authority on the subject of unilateral trade sanctions and the Iran and Libya Sanctions Act of 1996. He founded the NGO Centre for World Dialogue based in Nicosia, Cyprus. Despite his own troubles in the United States, Alikhani was an avid proponent of improving US-Iran relations and enabled the first meeting between the former Iranian hostage-taker of the United States embassy in Tehran, Abbas Abdi and his former hostage, Barry Rosen. The reconciliation meeting in 1998 was organized by the Centre for World Dialogue and took place at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris.
Hossein Alikhani died on 4 March 2008 at the age of 63 after battling acute leukemia. His children include the Emmy Award-winning producer Borna Alikhani.
## Kidnapping
Alikhani was seized in the Bahamas in 1992, accused of violating American sanctions against Libya, and held for 130 days. His seizure was a \"kidnapping\" because the sanctions did not apply to non-American citizens living outside the United States.
Alikhani filed a suit in Iran against the United States for \"kidnapping\" him and, won the first lawsuit by an Iranian against the United States for supporting terrorism. Iran informed the U.S. government through the Swiss consulate in Tehran. According to the court decision the US government was required to pay \$550 million to Alikhani.
As the United States refused to pay the money, Alikhani asked the court to put the American embassy in Tehran on sale. Alikhani expected to make as much as \$200 million from the sale, much less than the \$550 million awarded him by the Tehran court. This was a symbolic victory for Alikhani considering that the sale has not taken place; the US embassy compound is still housed by Iran\'s Revolutionary Guards.
Gary Sick, an Iran expert at Columbia University, says the U.S. made a mistake by allowing Americans to collect such large damages in these uncontested cases. \"If we could play that game, others can play that game too,\" says Mr. Sick, who served at the National Security Council under three presidents.
Independent human rights bodies in the US also took up Alikhani\'s case much after the case was decided, presenting the case as one of extraordinary rendition
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# The Liturgical Year
***The Liturgical Year**\'\' (French:***L\'Année Liturgique**\'\') is a written work in fifteen volumes describing the liturgical year of the Catholic Church. The series was written by Dom Prosper Louis Pascal Guéranger, a French Benedictine priest and abbot of Solesmes. Dom Guéranger began writing the work in 1841, and died in 1875 after writing nine volumes. The remaining volumes were completed by another Benedictine under Dom Guéranger\'s name.
The series describes the liturgy of the Catholic Church throughout the liturgical year, including the Mass and the Divine Office. Also described is the historical development of the liturgy in both Western and Eastern traditions. Biographies of saints and their liturgies are given on their feast days.
*The Liturgical Year* has been called the \"Summa\" of the liturgy of the Catholic Church.
It is a major reference work for Catholics, particularly Traditionalist Catholics
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# Echorouk El Yawmi
***Echorouk*** or ***Ech Chorouk El Yawmi*** (*translit=aš-Šurūq al-Yawmi*) is a daily newspaper in Algeria published Saturday to Thursday in the tabloid format. It is the second-largest daily Arabophone newspaper (after *El Khabar*).
## History
*Echorouk El Yawmi* was started in 1990 under the name of *Echorouk Al Arabi*. It is independent, and often critical of the government and the Islamist rebel movements which remain active after the Algerian Civil War. The newspaper also publishes *Echorouk El Ousboui*, a weekly supplement.
The newspaper\'s online version -- *Echorouk Online* -- was the third most visited website in 2010 in the MENA region.
In July 2015, *Echorouk El Yawmi* partnered with the British Council in Algeria to launch a competition to learn English. The newspaper used to publish a series of weekly articles in English from July 24 to August 20, 2015. Participants had to read the articles then answer the two asked questions on the newspaper\'s website, the British Council\'s website, or the Facebook page. The prizes were granted to five winners and were awarded in September in a ceremony held at the UK Ambassador\'s Residence in Algiers in presence of prominent personalities.
## 2006 Qadhafi affair {#qadhafi_affair}
In a fall 2006 trial, the leader of neighbouring Libya, Muammar Gaddafi, took the unprecedented step of suing the paper in an Algerian court for defamation. The court decided on October 31 that Ech Chorouk\'s reporting of Qadhafi\'s attempts to induce Algerian Tuaregs to separatism had slandered the Libyan leader, and suspended the paper for two months. The editor and the responsible reporter were both sentenced to six months in jail. The verdict was condemned as a strike against press freedom by virtually the entire Algerian independent press and numerous political parties, as well as from international press watchdogs
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# Bergland, Austria
**Bergland** is a municipality in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
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# Pothos (plant)
Pothos}} `{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Pothos repens CBM.png
|image_caption = ''Pothos repens''<br/>1900 illustration<ref>Fitch (d. 1927) - Curtis's Botanical Magazine v.126 [ser.3:v.56] (1900)</ref>
|taxon = Pothos
|authority=[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] (1753)<ref name=ipni/><ref name=Linn/>
|synonyms=
*''Batis'' <small>Blanco (1837), illegitimate homonym, not P.Browne 1756</small>
*''Goniurus'' <small>C.Presl (1851)</small>
*''Pedicellarum'' {{small|M.Hotta (1976)}}
*''Tapanava'' <small>Adans. (1763)</small>
|synonyms_ref = <ref name = powo>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30071824-2 ''Pothos'' L.] ''[[Plants of the World Online]]''. Retrieved 11 May 2024.</ref>
}}`{=mediawiki}
***Pothos*** is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae (tribe Potheae). It is native to China, the Indian Subcontinent, Australia, New Guinea, Southeast Asia, and various islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans.
The common houseplant *Epipremnum aureum*, also known as \"pothos\", was once classified under the genus *Pothos*.
## Species
65 species are accepted. `{{Div col}}`{=mediawiki}
1. *Pothos armatus* C.E.C.Fisch. - Kerala
2. *Pothos atropurpurascens* M.Hotta - Borneo
3. *Pothos barberianus* Schott- Borneo, Malaysia, Sumatra
4. *Pothos beccarianus* Engl. - Borneo
5. *Pothos boyceanus* `{{small|G.Rajkumar, Shaju, Nazarudeen & Prakashk.}}`{=mediawiki} - India (Kerala)
6. *Pothos brassii* B.L.Burtt - Queensland
7. *Pothos brevistylus* Engl. - Borneo
8. *Pothos brevivaginatus* Alderw. - Sumatra
9. *Pothos chinensis* (Raf.) Merr. - China, Tibet, Taiwan, Japan, Ryukyu Islands, Indochina, Himalayas, India, Nepal, Bhutan
10. *Pothos clavatus* Engl. - New Guinea
11. *Pothos crassipedunculatus* Sivad. & N.Mohanan - southern India
12. *Pothos curtisii* Hook.f. - Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra
13. *Pothos cuspidatus* Alderw. - western New Guinea
14. *Pothos cylindricus* C.Presl - Sabah, Sulawesi, Philippines
15. *Pothos degenerans* `{{small|S.Y.Wong, P.C.Boyce & A.Hay}}`{=mediawiki} - Borneo (Sarawak, Kalimantan)
16. *Pothos dolichophyllus* Merr. - Philippines
17. *Pothos dzui* P.C.Boyce - Vietnam
18. *Pothos englerianus* (Engl.) Alderw. - Sumatra
19. *Pothos falcifolius* Engl. & K.Krause - Maluku, New Guinea
20. *Pothos fractiflexus* `{{small|Joling, J.T.Pereira & Damit}}`{=mediawiki} - Borneo (Sabah)
21. *Pothos gigantipes* Buchet ex P.C.Boyce - Vietnam, Cambodia
22. *Pothos gracillimus* Engl. & K.Krause - Papua New Guinea
23. *Pothos grandis* Buchet ex P.C.Boyce & V.D.Nguyen - Vietnam
24. *Pothos hellwigii* Engl. - New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Bismarck Archipelago
25. *Pothos hookeri* Schott - Sri Lanka
26. *Pothos inaequilaterus* (C.Presl) Engl. - Philippines
27. *Pothos insignis* Engl. - Borneo, Palawan
28. *Pothos junghuhnii* de Vriese - Borneo, Java, Sumatra
29. *Pothos keralensis* A.G. Pandurangan & V.J. Nair - Kerala
30. *Pothos kerrii* Buchet ex P.C.Boyce - Guangxi, Laos, Vietnam
31. *Pothos kingii* Hook.f. - Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia
32. *Pothos lancifolius* Hook.f. - Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia
33. *Pothos laurifolius* P.C.Boyce & A.Hay - Brunei
34. *Pothos leptostachyus* Schott - Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
35. *Pothos longipes* Schott - Queensland, New South Wales
36. *Pothos longivaginatus* Alderw. - Borneo
37. *Pothos luzonensis* (C.Presl) Schott - Luzon, Samar
38. *Pothos macrocephalus* Scort. ex Hook.f. - Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra
39. *Pothos mirabilis* Merr. - Sabah, Kalimantan Timur
40. *Pothos motleyanus* Schott - Kalimantan
41. *Pothos oliganthus* P.C.Boyce & A.Hay - Sarawak
42. *Pothos ovatifolius* Engl. - Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Philippines
43. *Pothos oxyphyllus* Miq. - Borneo, Sumatra, Java
44. *Pothos paiei* `{{small|(M.Hotta) S.Y.Wong, A.Hay & P.C.Boyce}}`{=mediawiki} -- Borneo
45. *Pothos papuanus* Becc. ex Engl. - New Guinea, Solomon Islands
46. *Pothos parvispadix* Nicolson - Sri Lanka
47. *Pothos philippinensis* Engl. - Philippines
48. *Pothos pilulifer* Buchet ex P.C.Boyce - Yunnan, Guangxi, Vietnam
49. *Pothos polystachyus* Engl. & K.Krause - Papua New Guinea
50. *Pothos remotiflorus* Hook. - Sri Lanka
51. *Pothos repens* (Lour.) Druce - Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, Laos, Vietnam
52. *Pothos roxburghii* `{{small|de Vriese}}`{=mediawiki} - Indian subcontinent, Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia
53. *Pothos salicifolius* Ridl. ex Burkill & Holttum -- Peninsular Malaysia
54. *Pothos scandens* L. - Indian subcontinent, Indo-China, Malesia
55. *Pothos tener* (Roxb.) Wall. - Maluku, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Bismarck Archipelago, Vanuatu \'\'
56. *Pothos thomsonianus* Schott - southern India
57. *Pothos tirunelveliensis* `{{small|Sasikala & Reema Kumari}}`{=mediawiki} - India (Tamil Nadu)
58. *Pothos touranensis* Gagnep. - Vietnam
59. *Pothos venustus* `{{small|(Wall. ex C.DC.) A.Hay & P.C.Boyce}}`{=mediawiki} - Singapore
60. *Pothos versteegii* Engl. - New Guinea
61. *Pothos vietnamensis* `{{small|V.D.Nguyen & P.C.Boyce}}`{=mediawiki} -- Vietnam
62. *Pothos volans* P.C.Boyce & A.Hay - Brunei, Sarawak
63
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# Heteropsis (plant)
***Heteropsis*** is a genus of plants in the family Araceae, native to Central and South America.
## Species
- *Heteropsis boliviana* Rusby - Bolivia
- *Heteropsis croatii* M.L.Soares - Peru, northwestern Brazil
- *Heteropsis duckeana* M.L.Soares - northwestern Brazil
- *Heteropsis ecuadorensis* Sodiro - Ecuador
- *Heteropsis flexuosa* (Kunth) G.S.Bunting - Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, northwestern Brazil
- *Heteropsis linearis* A.C.Sm. - Peru, northwestern Brazil
- *Heteropsis longispathacea* Engl. - northwestern Brazil
- *Heteropsis macrophylla* A.C.Sm. - Amazonas State of northwestern Brazil
- *Heteropsis melinonii* (Engl.) A.M.E.Jonker & Jonker - Venezuela, the Guianas
- *Heteropsis oblongifolia* Kunth - Central America, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil
- *Heteropsis peruviana* K.Krause - Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, northwestern Brazil
- *Heteropsis rigidifolia* Engl. - southeastern Brazil
- *Heteropsis robusta* (G.S.Bunting) M.L.Soares - Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador, northwestern Brazil
- *Heteropsis salicifolia* Kunth - eastern Brazil
- *Heteropsis spruceana* Schott - Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, Ecuador, northwestern Brazil
- *Heteropsis steyermarkii* G.S.Bunting - Colombia, Venezuela, French Guinea, Peru, northwestern Brazil
- *Heteropsis tenuispadix* G.S
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# 2005–06 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
The **2005--06 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season** was the fifth least-active on record. The Météo-France office on the island of Réunion tracked 13 tropical disturbances, of which six intensified into a moderate tropical storm. Three of these systems proceeded to attain tropical cyclone status -- reaching 10 minute maximum sustained winds of at least 120 km/h. The American-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center also tracked eight storms in the basin. Activity was below normal due to a powerful Walker circulation, which increased convection over the neighboring Australian basin, but suppressed activity in the western Indian Ocean. As a result, most of the storms developed near or entered from the Australian basin, crossing 90°E to enter the South-West Indian Ocean.
A series of four short-lived systems occurred from September to November in the northeastern portion of the basin. These were followed by the first named storm -- Alvin -- which was renamed after it crossed from the Australian region as Tropical Cyclone Bertie in late November. After another short-lived disturbance in late December, there was a tropical disturbance in the Mozambique Channel in January that killed 26 people when it brought heavy rainfall to Mozambique. Later in the month, Tropical Cyclone Boloetse took an erratic track across Madagascar, killing six people when it brushed the island\'s southwest coast. In February, there was a small, short-lived unnamed tropical storm that presented difficulties to warning agencies in determining its structure. Intense Tropical Cyclone Carina was the strongest system of the season, attaining peak 10 minute winds of 205 km/h in the open waters of the eastern portion of the basin. Sprawling Tropical Storm Diwa brought six months\' worth of rainfall to the drought-ridden island of Réunion, reaching 2943 mm in the mountainous peaks. The rains led to flooding and landslides that killed 10 people directly or indirectly. Two of the deaths occurred when a saturated cliff collapsed onto a coastal road. The final storm, Elia, dissipated on April 17 after previously entering from the Australian basin.
\_\_TOC\_\_
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# 2005–06 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
## Seasonal summary {#seasonal_summary}
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` id:canvas value:gray(0.88)`\
` id:GP value:red`\
` id:ZD value:rgb(0,0.52,0.84) legend:Zone_of_Disturbed_Weather/Tropical_Disturbance_=_≤31_mph_(≤50_km/h)`\
` id:TD value:rgb(0.43,0.76,0.92) legend:Tropical_Depression/Subtropical_Depression_=_32–38_mph_(51–62_km/h)`\
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Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas
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` barset:Hurricane`\
` bar:Month`
PlotData=
` barset:Hurricane width:11 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till`\
` from:05/09/2005 till:06/09/2005 color:ZD text:"01 (TDi)"`\
` from:12/10/2005 till:15/10/2005 color:TD text:"02 (TDe)"`\
` from:06/11/2005 till:08/11/2005 color:TD text:"03 (TDe)"`\
` from:06/11/2005 till:08/11/2005 color:TD text:"04 (TDe)"`\
` from:24/11/2005 till:03/12/2005 color:IT text:"Alvin (ITC)"`\
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` from:23/02/2006 till:11/03/2006 color:IT text:"Carina (ITC)"`\
` from:02/03/2006 till:08/03/2006 color:ST text:"Diwa (STS)"`\
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` from:13/04/2006 till:17/04/2006 color:TS text:"Elia (MTS)"`
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` from:01/11/2005 till:30/11/2005 text:November`\
` from:01/12/2005 till:31/12/2005 text:December`\
` from:01/01/2006 till:31/01/2006 text:January`\
` from:01/02/2006 till:28/02/2006 text:February`\
` from:01/03/2006 till:31/03/2006 text:March`\
` from:01/04/2006 till:30/04/2006 text:April`\
` from:01/05/2006 till:31/05/2006 text:May`
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` pos:(525,23)`\
` text:"(For further details, please see"`\
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` text:"``scales``)"`
Météo-France\'s meteorological office in Réunion (MFR) -- the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the South-West Indian Ocean -- tracked and named all tropical cyclones from the east coast of Africa to 90° E, and south of the equator. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), which is a joint United States Navy -- United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the region, also issued advisories for storms during the season.
There were 13 tropical disturbances in the season that were monitored by the MFR. Since the agency began operations in the early 1990s, this season had the second-fewest disturbances that received warning, only behind the 2000--01 season. Since the advent of satellite imagery in 1967, this season was the fifth least-active in terms of storm days and the number of cyclones. There were six systems that attained the intensity of a moderate tropical storm, which has 10 minute sustained winds of at least 65 km/h, below the average of nine. There were 30 days in which a moderate tropical storm was active, less than the average of 48. Three tropical storms attained tropical cyclone status, or 10 minute winds of at least 120 km/h, and there were 10 days in which these systems were active; this is half the average of 20 days, continuing the trend since the 2000--01 season of fewer stronger systems. The season was very similar to the 1998--99 season; both had late starts for the first named storm, drought conditions over much of the basin, and low activity. The third named storm, Carina, did not occur until late February, which at the time was the latest such date since naming began in 1960.
In general, storms in the season formed in the basin\'s periphery or north of the Mascarene Islands. No systems developed in the Mozambique Channel, an unusual occurrence. The overall lack of activity was due to a strong Walker circulation over Indonesia, which increased convection over the Australian region, but suppressed convection over the Indian Ocean. The Intertropical Convergence Zone -- typically a major contributor to tropical cyclogenesis -- was rarely active. Conditions became generally more favorable in February and March, when four of the six tropical storms occurred. The general lack of thunderstorms over the basin caused drought-like conditions. Pierrefonds Airport on Réunion recorded just 18 mm of rainfall from November to January, a record minimum. The island also recorded its third-highest average atmospheric pressure from November to April.
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# 2005–06 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
## Systems
### Tropical Disturbance 01 {#tropical_disturbance_01}
At the beginning of September 2005, the ITCZ was active in the northeastern portion of the basin, accompanied by a small circulation and scattered convection. Located in the presence of strong wind shear, the circulation was exposed from the convection, a sign of unfavorable conditions. However, warm waters fueled an increase in convection, and the MFR classified the system as Tropical Disturbance 1 on September 5. That day, the JTWC issued a TCFA, but continued shear caused weakening as the disturbance tracked southeastward. By September 8, the MFR had discontinued advisories on the system, after the circulation had become exposed. After turning to the west-northwest, the circulation began dissipating on September 12.
### Tropical Depression 02 {#tropical_depression_02}
The second disturbance was first classified by the MFR on October 12 about 1,575 km east of Diego Garcia. The system had enough of a circulation and associated convection, and proceeded southwestward for its duration. After the convection consolidated more and developed curved rainbands, the MFR upgraded the system to a 55 km/h tropical depression on October 14. This period of organization occurred during a brief decrease in wind shear. At 12:00 UTC on October 14, the JTWC classified the system as Tropical Cyclone 01S, estimating peak 1 minute winds of 75 km/h. Increasingly unfavorable conditions caused the convection to diminish. Late on October 15, both the JTWC and MFR discontinued advisories due to the increasing disorganization of the disturbance. The circulation remained well-organized but devoid of convection, and the MFR last monitored the center on October 21.
### Tropical Depression 03 {#tropical_depression_03}
Tropical Depression Three formed on November 6 while east-southeast of Diego Garcia; it moved generally southward, reaching peak winds of 55 km/h before dissipating on November 8.
### Tropical Depression 04 {#tropical_depression_04}
Simultaneous to Tropical Depression Three was Tropical Depression Four, which entered the basin on November 7 from the Australian region, and was also classified by the JTWC as Tropical Cyclone 02S with winds of 65 km/h. The depression was weakening at the time, and both the JTWC and MFR discontinued advisories on November 8.
### Intense Tropical Cyclone Bertie--Alvin {#intense_tropical_cyclone_bertiealvin}
In the middle of November, a westerly wind burst produced an area of convection southwest of Sumatra, which spawned a circulation at 2º S on November 16. Two days later, the BoM classified the system as a tropical low to the north of the Cocos Islands. The low moved southwestward, quickly intensifying, prompting the BoM to name it *Bertie*. The storm moved southwestward and intensified due to favorable water temperatures and atmospheric conditions, reaching winds of 185 km/h on November 22 while just east of 90º E. The track shifted nearly due south, and the eye moved along the dividing line between the Australian and south-west Indian Ocean basins. Early on November 24, the cyclone crossed 90º E and was renamed *Alvin*; at the time, the system was beginning to weaken due to cooler waters from upwelling and increased wind shear.
The MFR estimated peak 10 minute winds of 175 km/h within the basin, making it an intense tropical cyclone; it was the third consecutive year in which there was a November storm of such intensity. The JTWC, which designated Alvin as Tropical Cyclone 03S, estimated 1 minute winds of 195 km/h. A building ridge to the south turned the storm to the west-northwest. By November 25, the increased wind shear had exposed the circulation from the convection, indicative of rapid weakening, and on that day Alvin was downgraded below tropical cyclone status. On the next day, the storm weakened to tropical depression status after nearly all of the convection was gone, prompting the JTWC to cease issuing advisories. The residual circulation remained well-defined with only temporary increases in convection. The MFR stopped issuing warnings on December 3, after Alvin had passed south of Diego Garcia, although the circulation continued westward and was still visible north of Madagascar on December 10.
### Tropical Depression 06 {#tropical_depression_06}
On December 21, the BoM began monitoring a tropical low in the western portion of the Australian basin, which had moved eastward from the south-west Indian Ocean basin. The system moved southwestward and later to the southwest, once again crossing 90º E and causing the MFR to designate it Tropical Depression 6. At the time, the circulation was partially exposed from the convection, although it organized over the next day. This spurred the JTWC to designate it as Tropical Cyclone 04S on December 24 with winds of 65 km/h. As with other systems in the season, strong shear caused the system to weaken; the JTWC discontinued advisories on December 25, and the MFR followed suit the next day. However, the system continued to the southwest, reorganizing enough on December 27 for the MFR to reissue advisories. Shear again weakened the convection, and the MFR discontinued advisories again on December 29 while the system was a short distance west-northwest of Rodrigues.
### Tropical Disturbance 07 {#tropical_disturbance_07}
The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) produced an area of convection northeast of Madagascar on December 29, which had an association circulation. On January 1, the system moved across northern Madagascar and subsequently entered the Mozambique Channel. It continued quickly to the southwest, passing north of Europa Island, and was classified as Tropical Disturbance 7 late on January 3. It continued intensifying and organizing until moving ashore Mozambique near Vilankulo, and the system nearly attained tropical depression stage. The system followed the country\'s coastline, bending southward toward the capital Maputo. On January 7, the disturbance moved offshore, but the system soon moved back overland and dissipated later that day over Swaziland. The system brought heavy rainfall to Inhambane Province, reaching 162 mm in Inhambane. The rains resulted in flooding but also alleviated drought conditions in Mozambique. The rains also caused the Mutamba River to exceed its banks in Inhambane, flooding roads up to a meter (3.3 ft) deep and halting traffic. Across Mozambique, 26 people died due to the floods.
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# 2005–06 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
## Systems
### Tropical Cyclone Boloetse {#tropical_cyclone_boloetse}
A pulse in the monsoon spawned an area of convection from the Seychelles westward. A circulation was evident by January 20, signalling its formation as a tropical disturbance. Poor inflow from the trade winds prevented any initial organization as the system tracked southeastward. A ridge steered the disturbance to the southwest on January 23, bringing it just southeast of Tromelin Island. With light wind shear, the system developed a small area of convection over a well-defined circulation. Early on January 25, the MFR upgraded the disturbance to a tropical depression, and the JTWC classified it as Tropical Cyclone 09S. Later that day, the MFR upgraded it to a moderate tropical storm, giving it the name *Boloetse*. After a brief period of strengthening, the storm weakened due to increased shear and diurnal cooling. The track shifted to the south-southwest, paralleling Madagascar to the east. Steered between ridges to the east and west, Boloetse stalled and turned to the west-northwest. Late on January 27, the MFR downgraded the storm to a tropical depression, and late the next day, the circulation struck eastern Madagascar just north of Mananjary. The circulation had been weak during the approach to land, although there was a large increase in convection at the time of landfall.
The circulation became difficult to locate over land, and the JTWC briefly halted issuing advisories on January 29. On the next day, the circulation emerged westward into the Mozambique Channel, where low wind shear and good outflow allowed for restrengthening. By late on January 31, the system had reorganized into a moderate tropical storm. On the next day, the JTWC reissued advisories on Boloetse as the storm was just 170 km east of the Mozambique coast. Weak steering from the ridge to the southeast caused the storm to meander in the area of favorable conditions. By late on February 2, Boloetse attain tropical cyclone status, developing an eye in the center of the organizing convection. An approaching trough caused the storm to accelerate southeastward, bringing it northeast of Europa Island. Late on February 3, the JTWC estimated peak 1 minute winds of 185 km/h, while the MFR estimated 10 minute winds of 155 km/h. An eyewall replacement cycle and increased wind shear caused Boloetse to weaken, and on February 4, the cyclone passed within 20 km of southwestern Madagascar. The storm accelerated and weakened, transitioning into an extratropical cyclone on February 5. The remnant system was absorbed by the approaching trough two days later.
Along much of its path, the storm dropped heavy rainfall. The formative stages of Boloetse spread rainfall to Mauritius, where Vacoas recorded 175 mm of rainfall over 24 hours. In eastern Madagascar, the storm dropped 133 mm in Mahanoro over 18 hours. The storm deluged coastal Mozambique with over 100 mm of rainfall, causing river levels to increase in Inhambane Province. Europa Island recorded 136 mm of rainfall over just six hours. The cyclone still maintained much of its intensity during its final approach to southwestern Madagascar, bringing estimated wind gusts of 200 km/h to the coast. Toliara recorded wind gusts of 145 km/h. In addition, heavy rainfall flooded two villages. Boloetse killed six people across southern Madagascar, while leaving 6,500 people homeless.
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# 2005–06 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
## Systems
### Severe Tropical Storm 09 {#severe_tropical_storm_09}
On February 15, a broad low-pressure area developed east of Madagascar. Over the next few days, the system dropped heavy rainfall to the Mascarene Islands. St. Brandon recorded 229 mm of rainfall over 24 hours, and Plaisance Airport on Mauritius recorded 177 mm of rainfall in 48 hours. The heaviest precipitation occurred on Réunion in a short amount of time, with 1-in-50 year rainfall rates. A station in the capital Saint-Denis recorded 376 mm in just three hours, and over 48 hours, Le Brûlé recorded 1274 mm of precipitation. A weak low-pressure area began organizing within the trough on February 17, organizing enough to be classified as Tropical Disturbance 09 the next day just off the eastern coast of Madagascar. A small system, it developed a concentrated area of convection just 200 km in diameter, which followed a powerful hot tower that spurred development. The structure rapidly organized, and by February 19, there was an eye-like feature in the center of the thunderstorms. At 18:00 UTC that day, the JTWC classified it as Tropical Cyclone 12S, and the MFR upgraded it to a moderate tropical storm. Forecasters initially assessed the structure as akin to a mesoscale convective vortex, which is a small and short-lived system, and there was also uncertainty whether the winds were at the surface. As a result, there was a disagreement between the MFR, which estimated peak 10 minute winds of 95 km/h, and the Meteorological Service of Mauritius, which assessed a much weaker storm. The latter agency is responsible for officially naming systems, and as a result, the severe tropical storm was unnamed.
Moving southeastward in the flow of the trough, the small storm began weakening on February 20 due to strong northwesterly wind shear, which caused the convection to dwindle over the circulation. That day, the storm passed just 80 km north of Mauritius, by which time the center was exposed and the intensity had dropped to tropical depression status. It turned back to the northwest, steered by the low-level trade winds and following its previous path. Late on February 20, the JTWC discontinued advisories, and three days later, the circulation dissipated off the east coast of Madagascar.
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# 2005–06 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
## Systems
### Intense Tropical Cyclone Carina {#intense_tropical_cyclone_carina}
An active phase of the Madden--Julian oscillation increased convection across the northeastern periphery of the basin, and the ITCZ produced a distinct low-pressure area on February 21 to the east of Diego Garcia. The convective structure organized, aided by good outflow and moderate but lessening wind shear. A ridge to its southeast steered the nascent system slowly to the southwest into an area of increasingly favorable conditions. On February 22, the system was classified as Tropical Disturbance 10. The next day, the Mauritius Meteorological Service named the disturbance *Carina* while it was still an intensifying system. Also on February 23, the JTWC initiated warnings on the storm as Tropical Cyclone 14S. On the next day, the MFR upgraded Carina to a moderate tropical storm. The storm stalled on February 25 due to weakness in the ridge, and on the same day, the JTWC upgraded the storm to the equivalent of hurricane status with 1 minute winds of 120 km/h. By that time, an eye had developed within the center of increasingly organized convection, and the MFR upgraded Carina to tropical cyclone status on February 26.
Continued favorable conditions, including minimal wind shear and powerful outflow, allowed Carina to intensify further while progressing slowly southwestward. Late on February 27, the MFR upgraded the storm to an intense tropical cyclone, and the eye reached a diameter of 70 km. Based on the storm\'s presentation on satellite imagery, the MFR estimated peak 10 minute winds of 205 km/h on February 28. On the same day, the JTWC estimated peak 1 minute winds of 240 km/h. Unfavorable conditions -- cooler waters and stronger wind shear -- caused Carina\'s structure to rapidly degrade after the peak intensity. By March 2, the storm weakened below tropical cyclone status, and soon after the circulation became exposed from the convection, prompting the JTWC to discontinue advisories. Carina stalled that day when it reached a col between two ridges; as a result, the track shifted to the northeast and later northwest due to the building influence of the ridge to the southeast. Environmental conditions prevented significant convection to regenerate, and the circulation of Carina turned westward across the Indian Ocean without redevelopment. It turned back to the southwest, passing near St. Brandon on March 10. The MFR stopped tracking Carina on the next day, and the circulation dissipated on March 13 to the southeast of Madagascar.
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# 2005–06 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
## Systems
### Severe Tropical Storm Diwa {#severe_tropical_storm_diwa}
In the beginning of March, the monsoon was active to the northeast of Madagascar, the first time during the season that such active convection persisted northeast of the island. The broad system had two foci of low pressure; one was located northeast of Madagascar near St. Brandon, and the other was to its south closer to Réunion. The structure resembled a monsoon depression, but as the two low-pressure areas consolidated, they became more distinct. On March 2, the system that would become Diwa originated out of the southern low, and both systems continued to interact until Diwa absorbed the other disturbance. The wind field was large and asymmetrical, ranging 2,000 km in diameter, and there was little convection near the centers. Despite the lack of organization, the Meteorological Service of Mauritius named the system Tropical Storm Diwa on March 3 due to the threat to the Mascarene Islands, as well as the presence of gale-force winds. The structure slowly evolved into that of a tropical cyclone as the convection concentrated. On March 4, Diwa passed northwest of Réunion, still disorganized with much of the convection to the south. That day, the JTWC initiated advisories on the system as Tropical Cyclone 16S. The storm continued slowly to the southwest at first, until it turned to the southeast on March 6 while rounding the ridge. Despite accelerating into an area of cooler waters, Diwa\'s structure became much more like a tropical cyclone on March 8. The MFR estimated peak 10 minute winds of 110 km/h, making it a severe tropical storm, and the JTWC estimated peak 1 minute winds of 100 km/h. Diwa quickly transitioned into an extratropical cyclone as it interacted with a cold front to the south, completing the transition by March 9. The circulation gradually lost its definition, dissipating on March 11.
The formative stages of Diwa brought heavy rainfall, reaching 193 mm over 48 hours, to St. Brandon, as well as gale-force winds, with gusts to 120 km/h. Along Mauritius, winds reached 126 km/h, along with 495 mm of rainfall at a station in the southeastern portion of the island. Gale-force winds affected Réunion for nearly three days, due to the storm\'s lopsided structure, and gusts peaked at 194 km/h along the coast. Diwa dropped the equivalent of six months\' worth of rainfall, peaking at 2943 mm at Grand-Îlet over four days, which approached the record totals set by Cyclone Hyacinthe in 1980, making it the 6th wettest tropical system in history. The volcanic peak Commerson\'s Crater recorded 1474 mm over 24 hours, while coastal areas just 15 km away recorded 188 mm of rainfall over the same time. The storm caused power outages on the island, and three people died due to using a generator inside their home during the storm. One person drowned during the floods, and four people drowned in residual flooding accidents on the island in the weeks after the storm. The floods wrecked several homes during river flooding and caused several landslides, some of which occurred two weeks after the storm due to saturated grounds. On March 24, a cliff collapsed onto a coastal road, killing two people and severely injuring two others; the road was reopened three months later. In addition to the damaging effects, the rainfall also alleviated drought conditions.
### Moderate Tropical Storm Elia {#moderate_tropical_storm_elia}
At the end of March, an active phase of the Madden--Julian oscillation caused an increase in convection over the northeastern portion of the basin. A low-pressure area formed on April 1 in the neighboring Australian basin, although the system soon after moved northwestward to cross 90º E. The low meandered for several days, unable to intensify much due to insufficient moisture in the region. On April 6, the MFR designated the system as Tropical Disturbance 13, although the agency discontinued advisories on the next day. On April 7, the low crossed back into the Australian basin, only to turn to the southwest on April 10, steered by a ridge to the southeast. During this time, the system passed about 185 km northwest of the Cocos Islands. On April 12, the JTWC designated the system as Tropical Cyclone 12S. On the same day, the system intensified into a tropical depression, after the convective structure improved amid favoring conditions.
Early on April 13, the depression crossed 90º E into the south-west Indian Ocean. By that time, the system had good outflow to the south, although lack of moisture prevented significant development. Late on April 13, the MFR upgraded the system to Moderate Tropical Storm Elia, assessing peak 10 minute winds of 75 km/h. The JTWC meanwhile estimated 1 minute winds of 95 km/h. Increasing wind shear and cooler waters resulted in diminished intensity of the convection, causing Elia to weaken. The MFR downgraded the storm to tropical depression status on April 15 after the circulation became exposed. On the same day, the JTWC discontinued advisories. The circulation dissipated on April 17, signaling the end of the season.
### Other systems {#other_systems}
Tropical Disturbance 12 briefly was classified by the MFR on March 4, located 620 km north of the developing Tropical Storm Diwa. The disturbance moved quickly to the southeast around Diwa\'s circulation, and was ultimately absorbed by the larger storm.
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# 2005–06 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
## Storm names {#storm_names}
A tropical disturbance is named when it reaches moderate tropical storm strength. If a tropical disturbance reaches moderate tropical storm status west of 55°E, then the Sub-regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Centre in Madagascar assigns the appropriate name to the storm. If a tropical disturbance reaches moderate tropical storm status between 55°E and 90°E, then the Sub-regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Centre in Mauritius assigns the appropriate name to the storm. A new annual list is used every year so no names are retired
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# CA19-9
**Carbohydrate antigen 19-9** (**CA19-9**), also known as **sialyl-Lewis^A^**, is a tetrasaccharide which is usually attached to O-glycans on the surface of cells. It is known to play a role in cell-to-cell recognition processes. It is also a tumor marker used primarily in the management of pancreatic cancer.
## Structure
CA19-9 is the sialylated form of Lewis antigen^A^. It is a tetrasaccharide with the sequence Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-3\[Fucα1-4\]GlcNAcβ.
## Clinical significance {#clinical_significance}
### Tumor marker {#tumor_marker}
Guidelines from the American Society of Clinical Oncology discourage the use of CA19-9 as a screening test for cancer, particularly pancreatic cancer. The reason is that the test may be falsely normal (false negative) in many cases or abnormally elevated in people who have no cancer (false positive) in others. The main use of CA19-9 is therefore to see whether a pancreatic tumor is secreting it; if that is the case, then the levels should fall when the tumor is treated, and they may rise again if the disease recurs. Therefore it is useful as a surrogate marker for relapse.
In people with pancreatic masses, CA19-9 can be useful in distinguishing between cancer and other diseases of the gland.
#### Limitations
CA19-9 can be elevated in many types of gastrointestinal cancer, such as colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Apart from cancer, elevated levels may occur in pancreatitis, cirrhosis, and diseases of the bile ducts. It can also be elevated in people with obstruction of the bile ducts.
In people who lack Lewis antigen^A^ (a blood type antigen on red blood cells), which is about 10% of the white population, CA19-9 is not produced by any cells, even in those with large tumors. This is because of a deficiency of a fucosyltransferase enzyme that is needed to produce Lewis antigen^A^.
## History
CA19-9 was discovered in the serum of patients with colon cancer and pancreatic cancer in 1981. It was characterized shortly after, and it was found to be carried primarily by mucins
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# Bischofstetten
**Bischofstetten** is a town in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
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# Blindenmarkt
**Blindenmarkt** is a town in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.
## Geography
Blindenmarkt lies in the valley of the Ybbs River 8 km east of Amstetten in the Mostviertel in Lower Austria
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# Homomorphic secret sharing
In cryptography, **homomorphic secret sharing** is a type of secret sharing algorithm in which the secret is encrypted via homomorphic encryption. A homomorphism is a transformation from one algebraic structure into another of the same type so that the structure is preserved. Importantly, this means that for every kind of manipulation of the original data, there is a corresponding manipulation of the transformed data.
## Technique
Homomorphic secret sharing is used to transmit a secret to several recipients as follows:
1. Transform the \"secret\" using a homomorphism. This often puts the secret into a form which is easy to manipulate or store. In particular, there may be a natural way to \'split\' the new form as required by step (2).
2. Split the transformed secret into several parts, one for each recipient. The secret must be split in such a way that it can only be recovered when all or most of the parts are combined. (See *Secret sharing*.)
3. Distribute the parts of the secret to each of the recipients.
4. Combine each of the recipients\' parts to recover the transformed secret, perhaps at a specified time.
5. Reverse the homomorphism to recover the original secret.
## Examples
Suppose a community wants to perform an election, using a decentralized voting protocol, but they want to ensure that the vote-counters won\'t lie about the results. Using a type of homomorphic secret sharing known as Shamir\'s secret sharing, each member of the community can add their vote to a form that is split into pieces, each piece is then submitted to a different vote-counter. The pieces are designed so that the vote-counters can\'t predict how any alterations to each piece will affect the whole, thus, discouraging vote-counters from tampering with their pieces. When all votes have been received, the vote-counters combine them, allowing them to recover the aggregate election results.
In detail, suppose we have an election with:
- Two possible outcomes, either *yes* or *no*. We\'ll represent those outcomes numerically by +1 and −1, respectively.
- A number of authorities, *k*, who will count the votes.
- A number of voters, *n*, who will submit votes.
1. In advance, each authority generates a publicly available numerical key, *x~k~*.
2. Each voter encodes his vote in a polynomial *p~n~* according to the following rules: The polynomial should have degree `{{nowrap|''k'' − 1}}`{=mediawiki}, its constant term should be either +1 or −1 (corresponding to voting \"yes\" or voting \"no\"), and its other coefficients should be randomly generated.
3. Each voter computes the value of his polynomial *p~n~* at each authority\'s public key *x~k~*.
- This produces *k* points, one for each authority.
- These *k* points are the \"pieces\" of the vote: If you know all of the points, you can figure out the polynomial *p~n~* (and hence you can figure out how the voter voted). However, if you know only some of the points, you can\'t figure out the polynomial. (This is because you need *n* points to determine a degree-`{{nowrap|(''n'' − 1)}}`{=mediawiki} polynomial. Two points determine a line, three points determine a parabola, etc.)
4. The voter sends each authority the value that was produced using the authority\'s key.
5. Each authority collects the values that he receives. Since each authority only gets one value from each voter, he can\'t discover any given voter\'s polynomial. Moreover, he can\'t predict how altering the submissions will affect the vote.
6. Once the voters have submitted their votes, each authority *k* computes and announces the sum *A~k~* of all the values he\'s received.
7. There are *k* sums, *A~k~*; when they are combined together, they determine a unique polynomial *P*(*x*) -- specifically, the sum of all the voter polynomials: *P*(*x*) = *p*~1~(*x*) + *p*~2~(*x*) + \... + *p*~*n*~(*x*).
- The constant term of *P*(*x*) is in fact the sum of all the votes, because the constant term of *P*(*x*) is the sum of the constant terms of the individual *p~n~*.
- Thus the constant term of *P*(*x*) provides the aggregate election result: if it is positive, more people voted for +1 than for −1; if it is negative, more people voted for −1 than for +1.
### Features
This protocol works as long as not all of the *k* authorities are corrupt --- if they were, then they could collaborate to reconstruct *P*(*x*) for each voter and also subsequently alter the votes.
The protocol requires `{{nowrap|''t'' + 1}}`{=mediawiki} authorities to be completed, therefore in case there are `{{nowrap|''N'' > ''t'' + 1}}`{=mediawiki} authorities, `{{nowrap|''N'' − ''t'' − 1}}`{=mediawiki} authorities can be corrupted, which gives the protocol a certain degree of robustness.
The protocol manages the IDs of the voters (the IDs were submitted with the ballots) and therefore can verify that only legitimate voters have voted.
Under the assumptions on *t*:
1. A ballot cannot be backtracked to the ID so the privacy of the voters is preserved.
2. A voter cannot prove how they voted.
3. It is impossible to verify a vote.
The protocol implicitly prevents corruption of ballots. This is because the authorities have no incentive to change the ballot since each authority has only a share of the ballot and has no knowledge how changing this share will affect the outcome.
### Vulnerabilities
- The voter cannot be certain that their vote has been recorded correctly.
- The authorities cannot be sure the votes were legal and equal, for example the voter can choose a value that is not a valid option (i.e. not in `{{mset|−1, 1}}`{=mediawiki}) such as −20, 50, which will tilt the results in their favor
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# Celebration Family
***Celebration Family*** (1987) is a made for television drama film. It is based on the real story of a married couple, James and Janet Marston, who, after discovering that they are not able to have more children naturally, start to adopt instead. The result was a family of sixteen children, who were often sick, disabled or suffered from behavioural problems.
## Starring
- James Read as James Marston
- Stephanie Zimbalist as Janet Marston
- Royce D. Applegate as Shawn
- Ed Begley, Jr. as Jake Foreman
- Olivia Burnette as Ellie
- Anne Haney as Judge Gelson
- Vaughn Tyree Jelks as Ricky
- Diane Ladd as Mrs. Heflin
## Trivia
Olivia Burnette was nominated in 1988 for the Young Artist Awards as the *Best Young Actress Under Ten Years of Age in Television or Motion Pictures*
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# Mungindi railway line
The **Mungindi railway line** is a railway line in northern New South Wales, Australia. It branches from the Main North line at Werris Creek station and heads north-west through the towns of Gunnedah and Narrabri before reaching Moree which for many years was the railhead before the extension to Mungindi was constructed. The line is currently truncated to Weemelah between Moree and Mungindi. Passenger trains still operate to Moree, and goods trains (mainly wheat) operate to Camurra. As of 1 September 2009, services have been suspended between Camurra and Weemelah. The line between Werris Creek and Moree is also known as the **North-West line**.
## History
The line opened from Werris Creek to Gunnedah in 1879, Narrabri in 1884 and Moree in 1897. Moree was for many years the railhead for the large sheep stations in the area, however the construction by the Queensland Government of a railway close to the NSW border prompted the construction of a line from Moree to Mungindi, which is on the state border. The line opened in 1914, and effectively became considered an extension of the mainline from Werris Creek. The line traverses the black soil plains of the area, much of which are devoted to sheep grazing. In 1974, the line north of Weemelah was cut by flooding and the line was thus truncated at this location. On 1 September 2009, services were suspended between Camurra and Weemalah, however the decision was reversed in November 2009 when the line reopened in February 2010 after approximately 2,500 sleepers were replaced.
## Branches
A branch line was opened from Moree to Inverell in 1901, with proposals to extend it to Glen Innes, Grafton and Iluka at one time, but nothing came of this plan. This line closed in 1994. A branch line was opened between Camurra (11 km north of Moree) to North Star, New South Wales and Boggabilla in 1932. It is now closed beyond North Star. Another branch was opened from Narrabri to Burren in 1903 and it was extended to Cryon in 1905 and Walgett in 1908. This line is still open for freight only as far as Walgett wheat terminal. In 1906, a branch was opened from Burren Junction to Pokataroo. The last 16 km of the line was closed past Merrywinebone in 1974, when it was damaged by floods. It is now only open for grain traffic.
## Passenger service {#passenger_service}
Currently, a daily NSW TrainLink Xplorer operates between Werris Creek (from Sydney) and Moree.
Until its cessation in November 1988, Moree was served by the overnight *North West Mail*.
In June 1959, an extension of the *Northern Tablelands Express* to Moree was introduced being operated by DEB set railcars. In June 1984, the service was taken over by XPTs and renamed the *Northern Tablelands XPT* with a DEB set connection between Werris Creek and Moree.
In February 1990, the service was replaced by a road coach service. In 1993, the service was replaced with Xplorer DMU, initially operating to Tamworth on a day return but, upon delivery of sufficient rolling stock, direct services were provided to Armidale and Moree, that once again divided at Werris Creek and this is how the train continues in service today.
Between 1926 and 1974, CPH railmotors provided a passenger service between Moree and Mungindi connecting with the *North West Mail* usually three times per week.
## The future {#the_future}
There are proposals to connect Queensland Rail\'s South-Western line from a point near Goondiwindi to North Star, either with a bogie exchange or dual gauge to Moree or Narrabri. There are also proposals to extend the standard gauge to Toowoomba railway station and Brisbane and/or Gladstone. In 2008, CTC is being extended as far as Narrabri primarily for coal traffic
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# Abertillery railway station
**Abertillery railway station** was a station which served Abertillery, in the Welsh county of Monmouthshire.
## History
Among the lines built by the Monmouthshire Railway and Canal Company from `{{rws|Newport}}`{=mediawiki} into the valleys was a 6 mi branch from `{{rws|Aberbeeg}}`{=mediawiki} to `{{rws|Nantyglo}}`{=mediawiki}, which was first opened as a tramroad in 1824 branching from the Llanhiledd Tramroad between Crumlin and Beaufort. The first timetabled passenger service began on 21 December 1850 from `{{rws|Newport Courtybella}}`{=mediawiki} to `{{rws|Blaina}}`{=mediawiki} via Abertillery. The line was converted to a railway in 1855 together with other Monmouth tramroads in the area. It became part of the Great Western Railway in 1880 and remained there at the Grouping of 1923.
The first Abertillery station was replaced by a second situated 185 m north in c. 1893/4. Solidly-built stone buildings were provided on the Up platform. The platforms were constructed of timber in order to reduce the weight on the made-up land on the valley side. Just to the south of the station was Abertillery Junction where a short mineral branch less than a mile long diverged to serve Cwmtillery Colliery from 1858 to 1963. The station had 59 employees in 1929 and 48 in 1938. In the 1930s, a combined rail and theatre ticket was issued which allowed passengers from certain stations in the Western valleys of Monmouthshire to travel to Abertillery which at the time had four cinemas.
Passenger services were withdrawn from the station on 30 April 1962 and cessation of goods services followed on 7 April 1969. The line through the station was singled on 3 May 1971. The route was progressively shortened as collieries were closed, with the last section being taken out of use in 1989 after the closure of Six Bells Colliery. The first station had remained open for goods traffic until 1 April 1963 during which period it was designated as \"Abertillery Old Yard\".
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# Abertillery railway station
## Present and future {#present_and_future}
The trackbed is clear up to south of the former station site. However the A467 road has been built on the formation from there northward.
The platform of the old station, albeit entirely cleared of station buildings, remained partly in place into the 1980s until the A467 development began, but a wire fence stood between it and the singled line. Station House, the one-time home of the stationmaster and the one remaining building associated with Abertillery Station, remains as a private dwelling on the town\'s Oak Street.
### Proposed reopening {#proposed_reopening}
Abertillery was initially identified as a potential future phase development of the Ebbw Valley Railway. The preferred location of the station would be the British Gas site to the south of the former Co-op store. The extension of the railway line to Abertillery would involve relaying 2.5 km of single-track from Aberbeeg Junction. In April 2009, a bus link to the nearest station at `{{rws|Llanhilleth}}`{=mediawiki} was withdrawn after Blaenau Gwent County Borough Council said that it could not continue funding the £200,000 a year service following the ending of Welsh Assembly funding.
In October 2010, it was reported that Sewta had approved recommendations by Capita Symonds for new stations at Abertillery and `{{rws|Crumlin|Monmouthshire}}`{=mediawiki} as part of a £14.2 million scheme which would see an hourly service between Abertillery and Cardiff. Negotiations were said to be ongoing with Tesco, the owners of the Co-op site, for the sale of the land. The site would have parking for up to 80 cars, creating a park and ride facility. The estimated cost of extending the line to Abertillery is estimated at £16.7m according to Sewta; part of the trackbed, which is owned by Blaenau Gwent Council, is used as a cycleway but there is thought to be sufficient space for a single track.
However, after the scheme was omitted from the Welsh Government\'s National Transport Plan for funding priorities until 2015, Welsh Transport Minister Carl Sargeant AM confirmed that the new station is not a priority until after 2015.
This line has been identified by Campaign for a Better Transport as a priority 1 candidate for reopening
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# No Man's Land (1984 film)
***No Man\'s Land*** is a 1984 American made-for-television Western film. The film featured Marc Alaimo, Donna Dixon, Terri Garber, Jack Garner, Estelle Getty, Sam J. Jones, Janis Paige, and Stella Stevens. It was directed by Rod Holcomb and written by Juanita Bartlett.
## Plot
The sheriff of a western town has three daughters by different men. Each has inherited: skills\...magic, gambling & tomboy/cowboy. Together they help their mother catch a band of outlaws.
## Cast
- Marc Alaimo as Clay Allison
- Wil Albert as Wilmot
- Frank Bonner as Deputy Thad Prouty
- Donna Dixon as Sarah Wilder
- Terri Garber as Brianne Wilder
- Jack Garner as Simon Claypool
- Estelle Getty as Eurol Muller
- Sam J. Jones as Eli Howe
- Bryan Michael McGuire as Dandy Wallace
- Ralph Michael as Doc Havilland
- Melissa Michaelsen as Missy Wilder
- Janis Paige as Maggie Hodiak
- John Quade as Henry Lambert
- Eldon Quick as Everett Vanders
- Dack Rambo as Connell
- John Rhys-Davies as Grimshaw
- D
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No Man's Land (1984 film)
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# Dorfstetten
**Dorfstetten** is a town in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
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# Emmersdorf an der Donau
**Emmersdorf an der Donau** is a town in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.
## Population
## Gallery
Emmersdorf - Kirche (1).JPG\|Parish church Emmersdorf 7582.JPG\|Residential building Hl Nepomuk Gemeindeamt Emmersdorf 02
| 41 |
Emmersdorf an der Donau
| 0 |
11,000,405 |
# Alexandra Pigg
**Alexandra Pigg** (born **Sandra McKibbin**; 1962) is a British actor who first came to prominence as Petra Taylor in the TV soap opera *Brookside*. Her best-known film appearances are as Elaine in *Letter to Brezhnev* (1985), for which she was nominated for a BAFTA award, and as Bridget Baines in *A Chorus of Disapproval* (1988).
## Early life {#early_life}
Pigg was born as Sandra McKibbin but later changed her name to Alexandra Pigg for her acting career. She is from the Knotty Ash area of Liverpool. Pigg attended the Holly Lodge Girls\' Grammar School in Liverpool. To finance and gain a union card to enable her acting career, Pigg became a nightclub dancer. She would dance alongside her pet snake, named Emma.
## Career
In 1982, she portrayed Petra Taylor, with her husband Gavin played by Danny Webb, in the series *Brookside*.
Following her role in the 1985 film *Letter to Brezhnev*, she starred in the BBC film *Smart Money* (1986), *A Chorus of Disapproval* (1988) with Anthony Hopkins and Jeremy Irons, *Strapless* (1989) with Bridget Fonda, *Chicago Joe and the Showgirl* (1990) with Kiefer Sutherland and Emily Lloyd, *Bullseye!* (1990) starring Michael Caine and Roger Moore, and *Immortal Beloved* (1994) with Gary Oldman.
She was originally cast in the role of Kochanski in the pilot episode of *Red Dwarf* but was unavailable for new recording dates following an electricians\' strike, so the part then went to Clare Grogan.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Pigg has been married three times, first to film director Bernard Rose with whom she has a daughter. When Rose was developing *Candyman*, Pigg was to play the lead character Helen, with their friend Virginia Madsen to play to role of Helen\'s friend, Bernie. The choice was then made to make the character of Bernie African American so Madsen lost the part. As shooting was about to commence, Pigg discovered that she was pregnant so the role of Helen was offered to Madsen. Pigg was then married to producer Tarquin Gotch with whom she has two children.
She was interviewed with her *Letter to Brezhnev* co-star Peter Firth on *BBC Breakfast* in April 2017, during which Firth explained that they dated briefly after making the film and that they have been in a relationship since 2010. They married in London on Christmas Eve 2017
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# York Community Access Television
**York Community Access Television** (YCAT) was a Public-access television cable TV station in York, Pennsylvania.
The current cable system in the City of York began operations soon after the city and York Cable Co. reached agreement on the city's first cable television franchise in 1964. The *York Cable Co.* later became *Cable TV of York*, then was known as *Susquehanna Communications* or *Suscom.* The company is now owned by Comcast Cable company.
## History
Cable television systems were developed in the 1960s with little government oversight or regulation. Companies wanting to expand their services had to use the public right-of-way to string their cables into a community. The City of York was among the first communities both in the Commonwealth and the United States to grant a franchise for operation and development of a cable television system. That agreement stipulated general standards for customer service by the cable television company. The York City Council approved that agreement by ordinance in 1964 --- two years before the Federal Communications Commission established rules for all cable television systems.
The City of York renewed the agreement in 1974 with little change. That year, *York Community Access Television* (YCAT) was founded, establishing the second community access television station within the United States and giving York residents their first opportunity to make television. (The first cable access television station had begun in New York City.)
YCAT began with limited broadcast time on a channel shared with other programming. A third renewal occurred in 1984 which included the first and, until the latest effort, the only review of the cable television service and operations within the City of York.
That study and report recommended a dedicated public access channel, specific channels geared toward serving Spanish-speaking residents, channels geared toward actions of Congress and efforts at interactive television. Those changes led to many improvements in cable service, including addition of C-SPAN, an addition of a Spanish channel, and limited mandatory hours of community access programming. The City of York remains the only municipality in York County that mandates within its franchise agreement community access and other local origination programming. Springettsbury Township, however, has recently mandated governmental access within its franchise agreement.
The City of York agreement included specific language in which the company committed to providing quality service in installation, repairs and programming. That agreement also included a requirement that Cable television franchise fees paid to the city increase from 1% in 1984 to the maximum amount allowed by state and federal law of 5% by August 1992.
The agreement mandated a level of service of not less than 35 channels of video and audio programming. That programming included television programs available off the air, access programming, local origination programming and programming imported from distant markets and received from cable satellite networks. Access programming was mandated between a minimum of 12 hours to a maximum of 18 hours weekly with the cable company making its equipment and facilities available to users between 10 a.m. and midnight. Local origination programming also would consist of a minimum of 12 hours. All community access programming must be noncommercial.
Prior to 1996, community access shared a channel with other programming. From 1996-2004, the cable company made community access television available on cable channel 16, 24-hours a day, seven days a week. YCAT, Inc., a local volunteer nonprofit organization, oversaw operations of that channel. It largely operated on a budget of less than \$10,000 per year, with the company, since 1997, donating between \$3,000 to \$6,000 yearly and volunteers raising the rest of the funds on their own. During its best years, YCAT raised as much as \$22,000 yearly and offered twice-yearly training sessions to members. At its high mark, YCAT had more than 300 paid members. As of 2004, YCAT had slightly more than 100 paid members. 2004 marked the first in a few years that it offered a specific formal training session, although some members have informally provided training to interested members of the public.
In 1994, the City of York reviewed the cable franchise agreement with Cable TV of York. The agreement remained unchanged from what was approved in 1984. The city, through the franchise, had oversight on the operation of the cable television system which required the company to operate the system in accordance with state-of-the-art technology. Requirements existed for providing good customer service. Significant changes took effect within the cable industry since the 1994 and 1984 renewals, and from 1994 to 2004. Digital cable had begun. The internet and the use of cable modems came into wide use. Cable television programming grew dramatically. Satellite television outlets such as DirecTV and the Dish Network also became widely available, creating competition with cable television companies and definitely affecting franchise fees collected by municipalities.
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# York Community Access Television
## Susquehanna Communications (SusCom) {#susquehanna_communications_suscom}
Susquehanna Communications was founded in 1965 as *York Cable Co.* and headquartered in York, PA. The privately held company operated advanced networks in six states serving over 230,000 customers. The company name was changed to *Susquehanna Communications* in 1999, reflecting its change from a provider of traditional cable television to a provider of a variety of advanced, interactive, digital communications products. In 2000, the SusCom brand was introduced for consumer marketing based on its familiar use and high awareness among customers.
Initially, television services offered by York Cable Television Co., now known as SusCom, amounted a little more than the NBC, CBS, and ABC network stations that broadcast locally, some network affiliates out of Baltimore or Philadelphia, some public television stations and any independent stations produced locally or offered regionally. The television service expanded as more cable television offerings increased over the years with the start of services such as HBO, Showtime, CNN, the Disney Channel, TBS, Lifetime and ESPN.
Suscom had invested heavily to keep its technological capability and what it offered to its customers both in the city and the surrounding communities as most up to date as possible. The company had installed broadband and offered digital cable as well as broadband internet service. Residents could listen to any sort of music they desire, watch nearly any type of program that interested them, receive digital and high definition television broadcast, have all sorts of pay-per-view programming and also see various programs produced locally by Suscom professionals or volunteers associated with the local access television station known as York Community Access Television.
On October 31, 2005, Comcast officially announced that it had acquired Susquehanna Communications (SusCom,) a York, PA based cable television and broadband services provider and unit of the former Susquehanna Pfaltzgraff company, for a net cash investment of approximately \$540 million. In this deal, Comcast acquired approximately 230,000 basic cable customers, 71,000 digital cable customers, and 86,000 high-speed internet customers. Comcast previously owned approximately 30 percent of Susquehanna Communications.
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# York Community Access Television
## White Rose Community Television (WRCT) {#white_rose_community_television_wrct}
White Rose Community Television (WRCT), once owned by Susquehanna Cable System since 1973, switched from York Community Access Television when Comcast took control of the area's cable market.
WRCT is currently broadcasting on two channels in the York County region, channel 16 and 18. Both channels can be watched live from anywhere in the world via a live stream on [WRCT.tv](http://wrct.tv). Program schedules are also available at [WRCT.tv](http://wrct.tv)
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York Community Access Television
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11,000,481 |
# Erlauf (municipality)
**Erlauf** is a municipality in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
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Erlauf (municipality)
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# Golling an der Erlauf
**Golling an der Erlauf** is a town in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
| 24 |
Golling an der Erlauf
| 0 |
11,000,580 |
# Le Rhône 9J
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| 20 |
Le Rhône 9J
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# Le Rhône 9C
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Le Rhône 9C
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# Hofamt Priel
**Hofamt Priel** is a municipality in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria north of the river Danube. On the night of 2 May 1945, the SS marched more than 200 refugees a short way inland and murdered them
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# María Mariño
**María Mariño Carou** (1907--1967) was a Galician writer. She was born on 8 June 1907 in a house on Rúa Cega in Noia, A Coruña province. She was the daughter of Xosé Mariño Pais, a shoe maker. She was the fourth of five children. Her siblings were Concha (1898), Emilio (1901), Cándido (1902) and Asunción (1908). She had to leave school in order to work, because her father used to gamble in the taverns of Noia. Whilst Emilio found work as a mechanic and Cándido as a carpenter, María and her sisters helped out in domestic tasks. On 31 May 1939 Mariño Carou married Roberto Pose Carballido and also began to lie about her age. She died of leukaemia on 19 May 1967, just before her sixtieth birthday.
In 1963 she published \"Palabra no Tempo\", arguably her best work
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María Mariño
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11,000,645 |
# Iraq Medal (Australia)
The **Iraq Medal** was instituted by Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia on the advice of the Australian Prime Minister John Howard in 2004. The Iraq Medal is awarded to Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel who served in or around Iraq (19 March 2003 -- 25 November 2013) during the Iraq War. ADF personnel are also recognised by the \'IRAQ 2003\' clasp to the Australian Active Service Medal.
## Eligibility
Members of the ADF who render service with the forces known as:
- Operation Falconer - the ADF contribution to the United States led military operations to remove the threat of Iraqi weapons of mass destruction that:
- commenced on 18 March 2003 and ended on 30 April 2003, with 7 days service in the specified areas comprising the total land areas, territorial waters, inland waterways and superjacent airspace boundaries of Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates Oman, Saudi Arabia, Jordan Yemen, the Persian Gulf the Strait of Hormuz, the Gulf of Oman, those portions of the Arabian Sea bounded by 68 degrees East and 12 degrees North the Gulf of Aden, the Bab el Mandeb, the Red Sea, the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba;
- commenced on 1 May 2003 and ended on 22 July 2003, with 30 days service in the specified areas comprising the total land areas, territorial waters, inland waterways and superjacent airspace boundaries of Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia north of 23 degrees North, the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz.
- Operation Catalyst the ADF contribution to the United States led coalition operations in Iraq to support the Australian effort to assist with the rehabilitation of Iraq and remove the threat of weapons of mass destruction that commenced on 16 July 2003 and ended on 31 July 2009, for 30 days service in the specified areas comprising the total land areas, territorial waters, inland waterways and superjacent airspace boundaries of Iraq Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia north of 23 degrees North, the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz.
- Operation Riverbank from 21 July 2008 personnel attached to the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq as part of Operation Riverbank. The operation ended on 25 November 2013.
- Operation Kruger from 1 January 2009 personnel deployed on Operation KRUGER as part of the Security Detachment Iraq which protects the Australian embassy in Baghdad. The operation ended in late July 2011.
## Description
- The Iraq Medal is a cupro-nickel circular medal. The obverse features the Commonwealth Coat of Arms.
- The reverse has a processional lion, which is copied from a relief on the Gateway of the Temple of Ishtar in Babylon. In the Assyrian Empire, the lion was a dominant symbol of power. The lion stands on a narrow plinth, symbolising balance, with the word \'IRAQ\' inscribed underneath.
- The ribbon is sand yellow representing the desert sands of Iraq, with central stripes of purple and red representing the ADF and the conflict in Iraq
| 509 |
Iraq Medal (Australia)
| 0 |
11,000,669 |
# Hürm
**Hürm** is a town in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
| 18 |
Hürm
| 0 |
11,000,693 |
# Roy Lee Jackson
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| 19 |
Roy Lee Jackson
| 0 |
11,000,710 |
# Lower Madawaska River Provincial Park
**Lower Madawaska River Provincial Park** is a waterway-class provincial park on the Madawaska River in Renfrew County, Ontario, Canada. The park includes the shores on both sides of the Madawaska River from Latchford Bridge to Griffith.
A non-operating park, it offers neither facilities nor services. Its most popular use is for whitewater kayaking and canoeing
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# Walsh Island
**Walsh Island** or **Walshisland** (`{{Irish place name|Inis na mBreatnach|no_translate=yes}}`{=mediawiki}) is a village in County Offaly, Ireland. It takes its name from the surrounding hinterland which is a fertile area of land on a hill (104m) located in an area of bogland known as the Bog of Allen, (hence, \"island\"). The village is one kilometre west of the R400 regional road which runs through the bog below. Walsh Island is 12 km from the nearest town, Portarlington. As of the 2016 census, the village had a population of 443 people.
## Sports
Walsh Island GAA club has produced two All-Ireland Senior Football Championship winning captains in Willie Bryan and Richie Connor. Walsh Island\'s Matt Connor was also selected in 1999 as a member of the GAA Millennium Football team. He was also the subject of a *Laochra Gael* television programme on TG4. The club\'s intermediate level team was also featured on the RTÉ programme *ParkLive* in 2006.
The local soccer team, the Walsh Island Shamrocks, plays its home games at Carty Park. They play in the C.C.F.L League (for teams from Counties Offaly, Laois, Westmeath and Longford).
The village also has a small Gaelic handball alley which was restored by Walsh Island development group and officially opened in August 2015.
## Economy and culture {#economy_and_culture}
Bogland plays a role in the culture and economy of Walsh Island. Its \"island\" name is thought to refer to the fact that the village is surrounded by bogs - which may have flooded in centuries gone by, creating an \"island\". The village has one pub called \'The Hoppers\', which is run by the Flint family.
A threshing festival is held in Walsh Island each summer to celebrate the harvest season, called the Hopper\'s Harvest. It is usually held in August and incorporates a vintage tractor run, traditional cooking, butter making, animal display and a dog show.
The Mountlucas Wind Farm, just outside the village, has a recreational walking route.
Walsh Island is known for the preserved blacksmith\'s forge in the village centre
| 340 |
Walsh Island
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11,000,715 |
# Joanna Sulej
**Joanna Sulej** (born 16 September 1989 in Łosice) is a Polish figure skater who competed as both a single skater and pair skater.
As a single skater, she was the 2005 and 2006 Polish junior national champion. She teamed up with Mateusz Chruściński to compete in pairs in 2008 and they began competing together in the 2008--2009 season. They represented Poland at the 2010 Winter Olympics.
## Programs
### Pairs career {#pairs_career}
+------------+-------------------+-------------------+------------+
| Season | Short program | Free skating | Exhibition |
+============+===================+===================+============+
| 2009--2010 | Scent of a Woman\ | Romeo and Juliet\ | |
| | (soundtrack)\ | (soundtrack)\ | |
| | by Thomas Newman | by Nino Rota | |
+------------+-------------------+-------------------+------------+
| 2008--2009 | | | |
+------------+-------------------+-------------------+------------+
## Competitive highlights {#competitive_highlights}
### Pairs career {#pairs_career_1}
(with Chruściński)
Event 2008--2009 2009--2010
------------------------ ------------ ------------
Winter Olympics 18th
World Championships 19th 15th
European Championships 15th 14th
Nebelhorn Trophy 10th
JGP U.K. 14th
Polish Championships 1st 1st
### Singles career {#singles_career}
Season 2003--04 2004--05 2005--06
--------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
JGP Romania 18th
JGP Ukraine 22nd
Toruń Cup 2nd J.
Warsaw Cup 3rd J. 3rd J.
Polish Championships 1st J. 1st J.
Polish Youth Olympic Days 7th J. 2nd 1st J
| 207 |
Joanna Sulej
| 0 |
11,000,730 |
# Upper Madawaska River Provincial Park
**Upper Madawaska River Provincial Park** is a waterway-class provincial park on the Madawaska River in the municipality of South Algonquin in Nipissing District, Ontario, Canada. The park consists of a strip of land along both shores of the Madawaska River from the communities of Whitney to Madawaska. It is upstream and north of (and not contiguous with) the Lower Madawaska River Provincial Park.
As a non-operating park, it offers neither facilities nor services. Its most popular use is for whitewater kayaking and canoeing. A rail corridor along the river that was originally built for the now-abandoned Ottawa, Arnprior and Parry Sound Railway has been incorporated into the park in the form of a rail trail
| 121 |
Upper Madawaska River Provincial Park
| 0 |
11,000,736 |
# Kilb
**Kilb** is a town in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.
## Geography
Kilb lies in the foothills of the Alps on the Sierning River, which has its source in the municipality. About 25.93 percent of the municipality is forested
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Kilb
| 0 |
11,000,742 |
# Lake Bütgenbach
**Lake Bütgenbach** (*Bütgenbacher See*; *Lac de Butgenbach*) is an artificial lake created by the damming of the Warche river in 1932. It is located in East Belgium near the village of Bütgenbach in Ardennes (High Fens), Belgium. The lake is not far from the border of Germany.
It is a popular tourist attraction, with water sports, including kayaking and windsurfing
| 63 |
Lake Bütgenbach
| 0 |
11,000,755 |
# 2007 West Dunbartonshire Council election
The **2007 West Dunbartonshire Council election** was held on 3 May 2007, the same day as the other Scottish local government elections and the Scottish Parliament general election. The election was the first one using six new wards created as a result of the Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004, each elected three or four councillors using the single transferable vote system form of proportional representation. The new wards replace 22 single-member wards which used the plurality (first past the post) system of election.
## Results
## Ward results {#ward_results}
## Aftermath
On 3 November 2008, Clydebank Waterfront Cllr Marie McNair resigned from the Labour Party and then sat as an Independent.
On 2 February 2009, Clydebank Central Cllr Willie McLaughlin resigned from the Labour Party and sat as an Independent until 30 March 2011, when he sat as a member of Ban Bankers\' Bonuses.
Labour\'s Margaret Bootland resigned due to ill health in December 2010. The by-election was won by Labour\'s Lawrence O\'Neill on 3 March 2011`{{STV Election box begin2|
|title= Kilpatrick By-Election (3 March 2011) - 1 seat<ref>{{cite web |title=Labour Wins Kilpatrick By-Election |url=http://www.west-dunbarton.gov.uk/council-and-democracy/news/labour-wins-kilpatrick-by-election/ |website=west-dunbarton.gov.uk |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805184105/www.west-dunbarton.gov.uk/council-and-democracy/news/labour-wins-kilpatrick-by-election/ |archive-date=2012-08-05 |date=2011-03-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|numcounts = 1}}`{=mediawiki} `{{STV Election box candidate2|
|party = Scottish Labour Party
|candidate = '''Lawrence O'Neill'''
|count1 = '''1,382'''
|percentage = 60.01
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{STV Election box candidate2|
|party = Scottish National Party
|candidate = Frank McNiff
|count1 = 758
|percentage = 32.94
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{STV Election box candidate2|
|party = Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party
|candidate = Douglas Boyle
|count1 = 161
|percentage = 6.99
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{STV Election box end2|
|numcounts = 1
|electorate = 8,963
|valid = 2,301
|spoilt = 26
|quota = 1,151
|turnout = 2,327 (25
| 284 |
2007 West Dunbartonshire Council election
| 0 |
11,000,764 |
# StableUpdate
**StableUpdate** is a cross platform library for automatic update of the installed applications on the client side. It supports the automated creation, detection, downloading, installation and removing of the service packs.
## Features
StableUpdate offers strict version control, upgrading between the two defined version numbers only and supports the existence of the multiple versions between the numerous clients. Single files are updated as a unit, but for the .jar and .zip archives only the changed part need to be transferred. All changes for the certain update are transferred in a single packed archive. The updates are generated comparing the old and updated installations on the developer side with the provided update generator. If the user notices that the updated software actually works worse, she can also uninstall the update, also in a user friendly way.
This tool supports mirrors, storing the bulk update data in multiple servers that may change location over time and only needs to reach the .xml configuration file which must be available in one of the several preconfigured web locations. This file contains the checksums for the update files that are verified on the client side, increasing security.
StableUpdate displays release notes for each update and, if needed, provides the mini announcement desk.
## Server and Client {#server_and_client}
**On the client side,** the update session is activated by calling the agreed procedure in the linked library (usually after the user selects update action from menu). The activated module interacts with the user with a built-in GUI.
**On the server side,** requirements are reduced to minimum---checking and downloading all needed files via HTTP.
The preparation of new updates is also comparatively user friendly, including generating new configuration files required for upload to the list of expected locations.
## History
The project was started in 2004 and it is now continued by the second maintainer. It is now used as an update module in various areas, from experimental research software to pharmacy databases. It needs attention to configure, but, as one of its users says, \"Once it worked though, it seemed to work really well
| 349 |
StableUpdate
| 0 |
11,000,797 |
# Kirnberg an der Mank
**Kirnberg an der Mank** is a town in the district of Melk in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
| 24 |
Kirnberg an der Mank
| 0 |
11,000,822 |
# Each Man's Son
***Each Man\'s Son*** is the fourth novel by Canadian writer Hugh MacLennan. First published in 1951 by Macmillan of Canada, it takes place in a coal mining town on Cape Breton, Nova Scotia just before the First World War.
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
Mollie MacNeil and her son Alan, miss Archie (Mollie\'s husband) who is away in the United States trying to make a living as a professional boxer. Archie has been away for four years and it is not clear whether he will return at all. He is adamant that he will never go and work in the coal mines. Meanwhile, Louis Camire, a French expatriate, is trying to convince Mollie to come with him to France where people are more equal than those in the company-owned mining town.
The company doctor, Daniel Ainslie, takes a liking to young Alan, since his own wife Margaret is unable to bear children herself. Margaret was made barren by her own husband, who had to perform a procedure on her. Ainslie tries to exert his influence on Mollie and Alan. Daniel believes that Alan has the intelligence to escape the mining town. Mollie and Margaret share their fears about Daniel\'s influence and contrive to blunt it.
After much soul-searching, Daniel realizes that he cannot both have Alan like a son and his wife Margaret at the same time. This contradiction is violently resolved in the book\'s conclusion.
## Legacy
Actor Billy MacLellan narrated an audiobook edition of the novel in 2022, for which he won an ACTRA Award for Best Male Voice Performance in 2023
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# Phylogenetic bracketing
**Phylogenetic bracketing** is a method of inference used in biological sciences. It is used to infer the likelihood of unknown traits in organisms based on their position in a phylogenetic tree. One of the main applications of phylogenetic bracketing is on extinct organisms, known only from fossils, going back to the last universal common ancestor (LUCA). The method is often used for understanding traits that do not fossilize well, such as soft tissue anatomy, physiology and behaviour. By considering the closest and second-closest well-known (usually extant) organisms, traits can be asserted with a fair degree of certainty, though the method is extremely sensitive to problems from convergent evolution.
## Method
Extant Phylogenetic Bracketing requires that the species forming the brackets be extant. More general forms of phylogenetic bracketing do not require this and may use a mix of extant and extinct taxa to form the bracket. These more generalized forms of phylogenetic bracketing have the advantage in that they can be applied to a wider array of phylogenetic cases. However, since these forms of bracketing are also more generalized and may rely on inferring traits in extinct animals, they also offer lower explanatory power compared to the EPB.
### Extant phylogenetic bracketing (EPB) {#extant_phylogenetic_bracketing_epb}
This is a popular form of phylogenetic bracketing first introduced by Witmer in 1995. It works by comparing an extinct taxon to its nearest living relatives. For example, *Tyrannosaurus*, a theropod dinosaur, is bracketed by birds and crocodiles. A feature found in both birds and crocodiles would likely be present in *Tyrannosaurus*, such as the capability to lay an amniotic egg, whereas a feature both birds and crocodiles lack, such as hair, would probably not be present in *Tyrannosaurus*. Sometimes this approach is used for the reconstruction of ecological traits as well.
### Levels of inference {#levels_of_inference}
The extant phylogenetic bracket approach allows researchers to infer traits in extinct animals with varying levels of confidence. This is referred to as the levels of inference. There are three levels of inference, with each higher level indicating less confidence for the inference.
#### Inferences based on osteological correlates {#inferences_based_on_osteological_correlates}
**Level 1** --- The inference of a character that leaves a bony signature on the skeleton in both members of the extant sister groups. Example: Saying that *Tyrannosaurus rex* had an eyeball is a level 1 inference because both extant members of the groups encompassing *Tyrannosaurus rex* have eyeballs, and eyeball sockets (orbital excavations) in the skull, the homology of which is well established, and the fossils of *Tyrannosaurus rex* skulls have similar morphology.
**Level 2** --- The inference of a character that leaves a signature on the skeleton of only one of the extant sister groups. For example, saying that *Tyrannosaurus rex* had air sacs running through its skeleton is a level 2 inference as birds are the only extant sister group to *Tyrannosaurus rex* to show such air sacs. However the underlying pneumatic fossae, air sacs, in the bones of extant birds are remarkably similar to the cavities seen in the fossil vertebrae of *Tyrannosaurus rex*. The high degree of similarity between the pneumatic fossae in *Tyrannosaurus rex* and extant birds makes this a fairly strong inference, yet not as strong as a level 1 inference.
**Level 3** --- The inference of a character that leaves a bony signature on the skeleton but is not present in either extant sister group to the taxon in question. For example, saying that ceratopsian dinosaurs such as *Triceratops horridus* had horns in life would be a level 3 inference. Neither extant crocodylians, nor extant birds have horns today, but the osteological evidence for horns in ceratopsians is without question. Thus a level 3 inference receives no support from the extant phylogenetic bracket, but can still be used with confidence based on the merits of the fossil data itself.
#### Inferences that lack osteological correlates {#inferences_that_lack_osteological_correlates}
The Extant Phylogenetic Bracket can be used to infer the presence of soft tissues even when those tissues do not interact with the skeleton. As before, there are three different levels of inference. These levels are designated as prime levels. They descend in confidence as they move up a level.
**Level 1′** --- The inference of a character that is shared by both extant sister groups, but does not leave behind a bony signature. For example, saying that *Tyrannosaurus rex* had a four-chambered heart would be a level 1′ inference as both extant sister groups (Crocodylia and Aves) have four-chambered hearts, but this trait does not leave behind any bony evidence.
**Level 2′** --- The inference of a character that is found in only one sister group to the taxon in question and that does not leave behind any bony evidence. For instance saying that *Tyrannosaurus rex* was warm-blooded would be a level 2′ inference as extant birds are warm-blooded but extant crocodylians are not. Further, since warm-bloodedness is a physiological trait rather than an anatomical one, it does not leave behind any bony signatures to indicate its presence.
**Level 3′** --- The inference of a character that is found in neither sister group to the taxon in question and that does not leave behind any bony signatures. For example, saying that the large sauropod dinosaur *Apatosaurus ajax* gave birth to live young similar to mammals and many lizards would be a level 3′ inference as neither crocodylians nor birds give birth to live young and these traits do not leave impressions on the skeleton.
In general the primes are always less confident than their underlying levels; however, the confidence between levels is less clear cut. For instance it is unclear if a level 1′ would be less confident than a level 2. The same would go for a level 2′ versus a level 3.
## Example of bracketing with one extinct and one extant group {#example_of_bracketing_with_one_extinct_and_one_extant_group}
The Late Cretaceous *Kryptobaatar* and the extant monotremes (family Tachyglossidae and Ornithorhynchidae) all sport extratarsal spurs on their hind feet. Greatly simplified, the phylogeny is as follows, with taxa known to have extratarsal spurs in bold:
Assuming that the *Kryptobaatar* and monotreme spurs are homologous, they were a feature of their mammalian last common ancestor, so we can tentatively conclude that they were present among the Early Cretaceous Eobaataridae---its descendants---as well.
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# Phylogenetic bracketing
## Example of bracketing with only extinct groups {#example_of_bracketing_with_only_extinct_groups}
A fragmentary fossil with a known phylogeny can be compared to more complete fossil specimen to give an idea about general build and habit. The body of labyrinthodonts can usually be inferred to be broad and squat with a sideways compressed tail, although only the skull has been known for many taxa, based on the shape of more well-known labyrinthodont finds.
## Example of failure using phylogenetic bracketing {#example_of_failure_using_phylogenetic_bracketing}
Phylogenetic bracketing is based on the notion of anatomical conservationism. The general body shape of an animal can be fairly constant through large groups, but not always.
The large theropod dinosaur *Spinosaurus* was until 2014 only known from fragmentary remains, mainly of the skull and vertebrae. It was assumed that the remaining skeleton would look more or less like that of related animals like *Baryonyx* and *Suchomimus*, who sport a traditional theropod anatomy of long, strong hind legs and relatively small front legs. A 2014 find, however, included a set of hind legs. The new reconstruction indicate earlier *Spinosaurus* reconstructions were wrong, and the animal was mainly aquatic and had relatively weak hind legs. It is possible it walked on all fours when on land, the only theropod to do so
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# Burov
**Burov** (*Буров*, *Буров*) is a Slavic male surname, its feminine counterpart is **Burova**
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# 2004 Amstel Gold Race
The **2004 Amstel Gold Race** was the 39th edition of the annual Amstel Gold Race road bicycle race, held on Sunday April 18, 2004 in the Limburg province, The Netherlands. The race stretched 251.1 kilometres, with the start in Maastricht and the finish in Valkenburg. There were a total of 191 competitors, with 101 riders completing the race.
## Result
Cyclist Team Time
---- --------- ------ ---------
1
2 \+ 1\"
3 \+ 18\"
4 s.t.
5 s.t
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# Bruce Hornsby discography
Here is a discography of works by Bruce Hornsby. Hornsby released albums with his backing group The Range in his early years, and from 2002 onward with The Noisemakers. He has also released solo albums, as well as collaborations with other artists.
## Studio albums {#studio_albums}
### with The Range {#with_the_range}
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | |
+=======================================================================================+===========================================+======================+======+
| US\ | AUS\ | GER\ | NLD\ |
| | | | |
| | - For 1990 release: | | |
| | - For \"Harbor Lights\" and *Hot House* | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+
| *The Way It Is* | - Released: April 1, 1986 | 3 | 20 |
| | - Label: RCA | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+
| *Scenes from the Southside* | - Released: May 3, 1988 | 5 | 11 |
| | - Label: RCA | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+
| *A Night on the Town* | - Released: May 25, 1990 | 20 | 56 |
| | - Label: RCA | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+
| \"---\" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+
: List of albums, with selected details and chart positions
### Solo work {#solo_work}
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+----------------------+
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions |
+=======================================================================================+================================+======================+
| US\ | AUS\ | GER\ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Harbor Lights* | - Released: April 6, 1993 | 46 |
| | - Label: RCA Records | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Hot House* | - Released: July 18, 1995 | 68 |
| | - Label: RCA | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Spirit Trail* | - Released: October 13, 1998 | 148 |
| | - Label: RCA | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Absolute Zero* | - Released: April 2019 | --- |
| | - Label: Zappo | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Non-Secure Connection* | - Released: August 14, 2020 | --- |
| | - Label: Zappo | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+----------------------+
| *\'Flicted* | - Released: May 27, 2022 | --- |
| | - Label: Zappo | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+----------------------+
| \"---\" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+----------------------+
: List of albums, with selected details and chart positions
### with The Noisemakers {#with_the_noisemakers}
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+----------------------+
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions |
+=======================================================================================+==================================+======================+
| US\ | US\ | US\ |
| | Rock\ | Folk\ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Big Swing Face* | - Released: June 25, 2002 | --- |
| | - Label: RCA Records | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Halcyon Days* | - Released: August 17, 2004 | 86 |
| | - Label: Columbia Records | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Levitate* | - Released: September 15, 2009 | 116 |
| | - Label: Verve Records | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Rehab Reunion* | - Released: June 17, 2016 | --- |
| | - Label: 429 Records | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+----------------------+
| \"---\" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+----------------------+
: List of albums, with selected details and chart positions
### Other collaborations {#other_collaborations}
- *Piano Jazz* (2005), Marian McPartland
- *Ricky Skaggs & Bruce Hornsby* (2007) US (SonyBMG/Legacy), with Ricky Skaggs
- *Camp Meeting* (2007) with Christian McBride and Jack DeJohnette
- *Cluck Ol\' Hen* (2014), with Ricky Skaggs
- \"Voyager One\" (2019) with yMusic (single)
### Compilations
- *Greatest Radio Hits* (2003)
- *Playlist: The Very Best of Bruce Hornsby* (2010)
- *The Essential Bruce Hornsby* (2015)
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# Bruce Hornsby discography
## Live albums {#live_albums}
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+----------------------+-----+
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | |
+=======================================================================================+================================+======================+=====+
| US\ | US\ | US\ | |
| | Rock\ | Indie\ | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+----------------------+-----+
| *The Way It Is Tour (1986-1987)* (Japan) | - Released: 1986 | --- | --- |
| | - Label: RCA | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+----------------------+-----+
| *Here Come the Noise Makers*\ | - Released: October 24, 2000 | 167 | --- |
| (with the Noisemakers) | - Label: RCA | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+----------------------+-----+
| *Bride of the Noisemakers*\ | - Released: June 7, 2011 | 125 | 33 |
| (with the Noisemakers) | - Label: 429 Records | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+----------------------+-----+
| *Solo Concerts* | - Released: August 25, 2014 | --- | --- |
| | - Label: Vanguard | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+----------------------+-----+
| \"---\" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+----------------------+-----+
: List of albums, with selected details and chart positions
### Live releases {#live_releases}
A number of recordings of live shows have been made available:
Dagle\'s Choice
- *Dagle\'s Choice, Volume 1* (2010)
- *Dagle\'s Choice, Volume 2* (2010)
- *Dagle\'s Choice, Volume 3* (2010)
- *Dagle\'s Choice, Volume 4* (2011)
*Bruce Hornsby Live* releases
- *Britt Pavilion, Jacksonville OR - July 6, 2002*
- *Red Butte Garden, Salt Lake City UT - July 11, 2002*
- *State Theatre, Kalamazoo MI - July 21, 2002*
- *Westbury Music Fair, Westbury NY - July 24, 2002*
- *South Shore Music Circus, Cohasset MA - July 25, 2002*
- *Wolf Trap, Vienna VA - July 29, 2002*
- *Biltmore Estates, Asheville NC - August 2, 2002*
- *Chastain Park, Atlanta GA - August 3, 2002*
- *Bloomsbury Theatre, London U.K. - September 13, 2004 (solo)*
- *Muffathalle, Munich Germany - September 15, 2004 (solo)*
- *Jazzhouse, Copenhagen Denmark - September 22, 2004 (solo)*
- *Ovens Auditorium, Charlotte NC - October 9, 2004*
- *Harbor Center Pavilion, Portsmouth VA - October 15, 2004*
- *Ridgefield Opera House, Ridgefield CT - October 19, 2004*
- *State University, Buffalo NY - November 1, 2004*
- *Orpheum Theatre, Boston MA - November 5, 2004*
- *Kimmel Center, Philadelphia PA - November 6, 2004*
- *Moore Theater, Seattle WA - November 19, 2004*
- *Aladdin Theater, Portland OR - November 20, 2004*
- *McDonald Theatre, Eugene OR - November 22, 2004*
- *The Vic, Chicago IL - December 2, 2004*
- *Orpheum Theatre, Madison WI - December 6, 2004*
- *Fine Arts Center, Grand Rapids MI - December 12, 2004*
- *Broward Center for the Performing Arts, Ft. Lauderdale FL - February 11, 2005*
- *Davis Theater, Montgomery AL - February 16, 2005*
- *House of Blues, New Orleans LA - February 18, 2005*
- *Paramount Theatre, Austin TX - February 19, 2005*
- *House of Blues, Anaheim CA - July 20, 2005*
- *Stewart Park, Roseburg OR - July 26, 2005*
- *Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle WA - July 27, 2005*
- *Oregon Zoo, Portland OR - July 29, 2005*
- *Red Butte Garden, Salt Lake City UT - July 31, 2005*
- *Tivoli Theatre, Chattanooga TN - August 18, 2005*
- *Biltmore Estates, Asheville NC - August 20, 2005*
- *Mann Center, Philadelphia PA - August 30, 2005*
- *Meadowbrook Arts Center, Gilford NH - September 2, 2005*
- *William & Mary Hall, Williamsburg VA - December 3, 2005*
- *Chateau Ste. Michelle, Woodinville WA - July 15, 2006*
- *Konocti Harbor Resort, Kelseyville CA - July 19, 2006*
- *Mountain Winery, Saratoga CA - July 20, 2006*
- *McGlohon Theater, Charlotte NC - August 13, 2006*
- *Boarding House Park, Lowell MA - August 26, 2006*
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# Bruce Hornsby discography
## DVDs and box sets {#dvds_and_box_sets}
- *A Night on the Town*, Bruce Hornsby (w/ guests), (1990)
- *Rockpalast Live*, Bruce Hornsby and the Range, (1991)
- *Bruce Hornsby & Friends*, Performance film, (2004)
- *Three Nights on the Town*, Bruce Hornsby and the Noise Makers, (2005)
Box set
- *Intersections (1985-2005)* (2006) Legacy Recordings
## Albums with associated acts {#albums_with_associated_acts}
### With the Grateful Dead {#with_the_grateful_dead}
- *Infrared Roses* (1991)
- *Grayfolded* (1994,1995)
- *Dick\'s Picks Volume 9* (1997)
- *So Many Roads (1965--1995)* (1999)
- *Dick\'s Picks Volume 17* (2000)
- *View from the Vault, Volume Two* (2001), also released as DVD
- *Grateful Dead Download Series Volume 11* (2006)
- *Road Trips Volume 2 Number 1* (2008)
- *30 Trips Around the Sun* (2015)
- *30 Trips Around the Sun: The Definitive Live Story 1965--1995* (2015)
- *Robert F. Kennedy Stadium, Washington, D.C., July 12 & 13, 1989* (2017)
- *Giants Stadium 1987, 1989, 1991* (2019)
- *Saint of Circumstance* (2019)
- *Enjoying the Ride* (2025)
- *The Music Never Stopped* (2025)
### With the Other Ones {#with_the_other_ones}
- *The Strange Remain* (1999)
### Grateful Dead-related album contributions {#grateful_dead_related_album_contributions}
- *Deadicated: A Tribute to the Grateful Dead*, various artists, (1991)
- *The Concert for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame*, various artists, (1996)
- *Mickey Hart\'s Mystery Box*, Mickey Hart, (1996)
- *Furthur*, various artists, (1997)
- *Furthur More*, various artists, (1997)
- *Furthur Most*, various artists, (2000)
- *Over the Edge and Back*, Mickey Hart, (2002)
- *Gilford, NH, September 2, 2005*, Ratdog, (2005)
- *Atlantic City, NJ, September 4, 2005*, Ratdog, (2005)
- *Pure Jerry: Coliseum, Hampton, VA, November 9, 1991*, Jerry Garcia Band, (2006)
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# Bruce Hornsby discography
## Singles
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | | |
+=============================================+==============================================================================+======================+======+=======+
| US\ | US Main\ | US AC\ | AUS\ | BEL\ |
| | | | | (Fl)\ |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| 1986 | \"Every Little Kiss\" | 72 | 18 | 37 |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| | \"The Way It Is\" | 1 | 3 | 1 |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| | \"On the Western Skyline\" | --- | 6 | --- |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| | \"Mandolin Rain\" | 4 | 2 | 1 |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| 1987 | \"Every Little Kiss\" (re-release) | 14 | --- | 3 |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| 1988 | \"The Valley Road\" | 5 | 1 | 1 |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| | \"Look Out Any Window\" | 35 | 5 | 7 |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| | \"Defenders of the Flag\" | --- | 11 | --- |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| 1990 | \"Across the River\" | 18 | 1 | 8 |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| | \"Lost Soul\" | 84 | --- | 16 |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| | \"A Night on the Town\" | --- | 4 | --- |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| | \"Fire on the Cross\" | --- | 50 | --- |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| 1991 | \"Set Me in Motion\" | --- | 26 | --- |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| 1993 | \"Fields of Gray\" | 69 | --- | 7 |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| | \"Harbor Lights\" | --- | 38 | 13 |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| 1994 | \"Rainbow\'s Cadillac\" | 121 | --- | 27 |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| 1995 | \"Walk in the Sun\" | 54 | --- | 10 |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| 1996 | \"Swing Street\" | --- | --- | --- |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| 1998 | \"Great Divide\" | --- | --- | --- |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| 2004 | \"Gonna Be Some Changes Made\" | --- | --- | 35 |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| 2005 | \"Dreamland\" | --- | --- | 23 |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| 2019 | \"Voyager One\"\ | --- | --- | --- |
| | `{{small|(featuring [[yMusic]])}}`{=mediawiki} | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| | \"Cast-Off\"\ | --- | --- | --- |
| | `{{small|(featuring [[Justin Vernon]])}}`{=mediawiki} | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| 2020 | \"My Resolve\"\ | --- | --- | --- |
| | `{{small|(featuring [[James Mercer (musician)|James Mercer]])}}`{=mediawiki} | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| | \"Bright Star Cast\"\ | --- | --- | --- |
| | `{{small|(featuring [[Jamila Woods]] and [[Vernon Reid]])}}`{=mediawiki} | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| | \"Anything Can Happen\"\ | --- | --- | --- |
| | `{{small|(featuring [[Leon Russell]])}}`{=mediawiki} | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
| \"---\" denotes releases that did not chart | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+-------+
## Miscellaneous Tracks {#miscellaneous_tracks}
- \"Heartbreak Town\", from the film *Twice Upon a Time* (1983)
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
- \"Something to Believe In\", with Clannad, from *Sirius* (1987)
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
- \"Two Kinds of Love\", with Stevie Nicks, from *The Other Side of the Mirror* (1989)
- \"The End of the Innocence\", with Don Henley, from *The End of the Innocence* (1989)
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
- \"I Can\'t Make You Love Me\", with Bonnie Raitt, from *Luck of the Draw* (1991)
- \"Madman Across the Water\" from *Two Rooms: Celebrating the Songs of Elton John & Bernie Taupin* (1991)
- \"The Star-Spangled Banner\", with Branford Marsalis
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# Monkey Bridge
Monkey bridge}} `{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=October 2015}}
{{No footnotes|date=February 2024}}
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2014}}`{=mediawiki}
***Monkey Bridge***, published in 1997, is the debut novel of Vietnamese American attorney and writer Lan Cao, a professor of international law at Chapman University School of Law. In addition to *Monkey Bridge*, Cao co-authored *Everything You Need to Know about Asian American History* with Himilce Novas
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# La Bandera (film)
***La Bandera*** (released in the United States as *Escape from Yesterday*) is a 1935 French drama film directed by Julien Duvivier and starring Annabella, Jean Gabin and Robert Le Vigan. It was based on the 1931 novel *La Bandera* by Pierre Mac Orlan. After committing a brutal murder in Paris, a Frenchman flees to Barcelona where he enlists in the Spanish Foreign Legion. He is sent to fight in Morocco where he unexpectedly bonds with his comrades and marries a local woman before his past begins to catch up with him. Like Duvivier\'s other works of the period, the film is infused with poetic realism.
The film was made at the Joinville Studios in Paris with sets designed by the art director Jacques Krauss. Location shooting took place in Barcelona and at barracks in Tetuán in Spanish Morocco.
## Plot
Curfew bells are ringing at night in Paris, while a man and his drunken girlfriend Jacqueline walk down the street. Pierre Gilieth comes out of house #25 looking very frightened, both Pierre Gilieth and Jacqueline accidentally collide while consumed in their distraction. Pierre Gilieth decides to walk away but leaves a streak of blood on Jacqueline\'s dress. Immediately, she realizes her dress is stained with blood and gasps. The film cuts to his peering through Venetian blinds in Barcelona. A detective follows him around town, while Pierre Gilieth meets with fellow Frenchmen in a bar, who pick his pocket to give his identifications away to the detective. When Pierre Gilieth finds out he tries to fight the thieves, but then refuses to have the police investigate the matter.
Now at the end of his resources, having been rejected as a sailor on a merchant ship, he decides join the Spanish Foreign Legion on seeing a placard. The story is just before the Spanish Civil War, as the top of the placard reads \"Spanish Republic\" and \"Law of 17 July 1934\". Many of his fellow legionnaires have joined from destitution (and their pay will be five Pesetas), but the Frenchman Fernando Lucas, played by Robert Le Vigan, has money not only for cigarettes but for barhopping. The other legionnaires are on the impression that the money is being sent by his mother and that the reason for his joining the legion was his desertion from the French Army. When Lucas drops his identification card which he quickly hides, Gilieth becomes wary that Lucas is hiding something. Gilieth follows the advice from his best friend Mulot (Milo in the Spanish issue), played by Raymond Aimos, to pick Lucas pocket in the night to read it; but fails.
Thus Gilieth feeds a newspaper clipping that he had been carrying around, announcing a 50,000 Franc reward for the capture of the culprit of the \"Crime of Rue St-Vincent\", to the swine in the base pen; hoping to get rid of the dark memories it brings. Lucas shows up and invites him to get a drink, but soon in the bar Lucas manages to anger Gilieth to the point of a fist fight. Shortly after, his unit of legionnaires the *bandera* is ready to move south, Gilieth is able to convince his captain, played by Pierre Renoir, to have Lucas transferred to another location on account of violation of personal space. Indeed, once the *bandera* departs, the detective from Barcelona comes and talks to Lucas.
Mulot tries to cheer Gilieth up by bringing him to a local establishment with dancing girls. There he meets Aisha la Slaoui, a native who is portrayed by Annabella with marks on her forehead and chin; and immediately falls in love with her. He proposes to her as soon as he finds it appropriate, and their gypsy wedding ceremony involves their mutually making a cut in their mate\'s forearms and licking blood from it.
Wishing to get away from Lucas, Gilieth plans to escape with her to her people in the south at Rabat, to become one of them; but still he needs to deal with Lucas. Until that time, he commands her to lie about her love for him and to entertain Lucas, even doing whatever he asks until he tells her who he really is. Lucas tries to get Aisha to leave Gilieth and be his woman. Gilieth confronts them together and tells Aisha to spit Lucas\' in the eye; which she does. Then he tells Lucas to come with him outside to settle the matter like men. Aisha gives Lucas a coin, one of her jewelry pieces, to remember her by in case something happens to him.
Lucas and Gilieth have a heated confrontation, where Lucas pulls out a knife and Gilieth is able to grasp Lucas\' knife, but spares his life. There he admits that he killed a man, and says that he has given up his notion of escape with Aisha. Lucas tells Gilieth that he will surely be sleeping in jail that very night. Gilieth then shows two cartridges, telling him that he will first shoot Lucas and then himself during combat which will take place soon.
As the men finish their talk, they hear the horn from their crew to take places. An unexpected uprising needs to be put down, for which task both Gilieth\'s and Lucas\' banderas will be required. No legionnaire wants to volunteer to be one of the twenty-four who are to hold a small outpost in advance of the main force, until the captain says that he will command it himself. Immediately they all step forward, except Lucas, who pauses a moment. The sergeant then picks the first twelve on the left and on the right, which includes the main cast.
The scene which follows has many of the stereotypes of this *genre*, of which the most important is that no Moroccan combatant is ever depicted; they are presented as supremely concealed snipers. Plot elements involve poisoned water and men who try to get to a safe supply but who only get shot for their valor. A fighter plane appears and several of the unit get shot either by \"friendly fire\" or, as the legionnaires surmise, by an enemy pilot. Captain Weller, sensing he only has a few minutes to live, tells Gilieth to take over. At this point Lucas informs Captain Weller, that he is a police spy as shown on his identification card. The captain is furious, and tells him to leave the men alone, and that as he is not a real legionnaire; he should depart if he should survive. Shortly after, the captain dies of heat stroke and exhaustion. The only two who remain are Gilieth and Lucas, as the main force charges up the hill, their machine guns blazing to sweep the enemy from their positions.
Yet at this moment of victory, Gilieth gets shot by a sniper, leaving Lucas to answer the roll call of the twenty-four with \"Killed in action\" for all except for Gilieth, who was \"Promoted on the battlefield to corporal and killed in action\". He himself is \"Present\". Returning to Aisha, he gives her back her coin, saying that Gilieth died thinking about her.
## Reception
Writing for *The Spectator* in 1935, Graham Greene praised the film, calling it \"an intelligent melodrama saved from triteness by the character of the police spy\". Greene particularly praised the \"effective opening\" scene of the film, offering it as \"an excellent illustration of the main advantage the film possesses over the ordinary stage play; the means it has to place the drama in its general setting\" -- an advantage Greene attributed to the \"exactitude and vividness\" of the camera when compared to prose.
The film was the most popular non-English talking movie shown in Australia
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# Expedition to the Demonweb Pits
***Expedition to the Demonweb Pits*** is a super-adventure module for the 3.5 edition of the *Dungeons & Dragons* roleplaying game. The adventure is designed for characters of levels 9--12. It involves the machinations of the demon lords Lolth and Graz\'zt and was heavily influenced by the 1980 adventure module *Queen of the Demonweb Pits*.
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
*Expedition to the Demonweb Pits* revolves around the reading of the Dark Pact. The demon lord Graz\'zt seeks to form an alliance with Lolth against Orcus. Lolth spurns his offer, and Graz\'zt, not taking rejection lightly, now schemes to undermine Lolth. With the aid of his cambion son, Rule-of-Three, Graz\'zt plans a Demon Council within the Abyss. While he is doing this, Rule-of-Three spreads word among the drow that their goddess is coming to the Prime Material Plane to wage the eternity war against their hated cousins, the surface elves and their god, Corellon Larethian. After the Demonic Council is arranged, Rule-of-Three and Graz\'zt involve a group of mortals (the PCs) about Lolth\'s coming. Their goal is to bring attention to Lolth in her own Demonweb and then use the mortals to embarrass her in the eyes of the other demon lords, while at the same time, sealing the Dark Pact of planar binding using the divine spark Lolth gives it. It is the PC\'s goal to prevent the reading of that pact.
### Items
*Expedition to the Demonweb Pits* offers the characters many items, including two new legend items: *Thaas* and *Spidersilk*. *Thaas* is an ancient magical elven bow dedicated to slaying demons. *Spidersilk* is a suit of fine armor for arcane spell casters that grants many spider-oriented benefits.
## Publication history {#publication_history}
The adventure was written by Wolfgang Baur and Gwendolyn F.M. Kestrel, and was published in April 2007 by Wizards of the Coast. Cover art was by David Hudnut, with interior art by David Bircham, Miguel Coimbra, Ed Cox, Carl Critchlow, Eric Deschamps, Wayne England, Erik Gist, Brian Hagan, Ralph Horsley, Howard Lyon, Ted Pendergraft, Arnie Swekel, and James Zhang.
When asked whether this adventure was influenced by module *Q1: The Demonweb Pits*, designed as a revision, or a completely new expedition, Wolfgang Baur explained: \"Of course *Expedition* was influenced by *Q1*, since there would be no Demonweb Pits without that classic module. But we took the plot in a new direction, focusing on Planescape elements such as the cities of Sigil and Zelatar, plus a wider web than the first one. Many elements carry across the history of the Demonweb: from 1st edition\'s *Q1*, from \"The Harrowing\" in *Dungeon* magazine #84, and from 2nd edition\'s *Planes of Chaos*. It\'s a place that has grown over time, and we\'re continuing that exploration. Possibly with more demons than usual.\"
## Critical reception {#critical_reception}
*Expedition to the Demonweb Pits* received a mixed reaction on its release. Wayne Tonjes described it as \"very convoluted\", with \"a few too many places where the plot requires the players to make one specific choice to access key phases of the campaign.\" However, he did also say it \"fulfill\[ed\] its goal of introducing a whole new spin on a classic module for old school gamers and new players alike.\"
Nickolas Davis of *The Gamer* named it the second best adventure published for 3.5, after *Eyes of the Lich Queen*
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# 2003 Amstel Gold Race
The **2003 Amstel Gold Race** was the 38th edition of the Amstel Gold Race road bicycle race, held on Sunday April 20, 2003 in the Limburg province, The Netherlands. The race stretched 250.7 kilometres, with the start in Maastricht and the finish in Valkenburg. There were a total number of 197 competitors, with 122 of them finishing the race
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# Narendrapuram
**Narendrapuram** is a locality in Rajamahendravaram City. It is located in Rajanagaram mandal of Rajahmundry revenue division. The locality also forms a part of Godavari Urban Development Authority
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# Slobodan Backović
**Slobodan Backović** (`{{lang-sr-cyrl|Слободан Бацковић}}`{=mediawiki}; born September 3, 1946 in Nikšić, Montenegro) is a Montenegrin politician and nuclear physicist. He is a member of the Doclean Academy of Sciences and Arts and the Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts. A former Minister of Education and Science in the government of Montenegro as a member of the Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro, Backović is well known for a controversial decision to rename the elementary and secondary education subject \"Serbian Language\" to \"First Language\".
In 2008, Backović was appointed to as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Montenegro to the Russian Federation, and he presented his credentials to Vladimir Titov, the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation on 5 June 2008. and to President Dmitry Medvedev on September 18, 2008
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# Microsoft Corp. v. AT&T Corp.
***Microsoft Corp. v. AT&T Corp.***, 550 U.S. 437 (2007), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Supreme Court reversed a previous decision by the Federal Circuit and ruled in favor of Microsoft, holding that Microsoft was not liable for infringement on AT&T\'s patent under 35 U.S.C. § 271(f).
In this case, Microsoft exported abroad the \"master version\" of its Windows software disk, which incorporated a speech processing function claimed by one of AT&T\'s patents, with the intent that such software be copied abroad for installation onto foreign-manufactured computers.
According to the Supreme Court, liability for such unauthorized replication and installation would have to arise under the patent laws of those foreign countries, not the U.S. Patent Act. Although AT&T argued that the Supreme Court\'s decision actually created a \"loophole\" for software makers to avoid liability under § 271(f), the Supreme Court explained that it is Congress, not the Court, that is responsible for addressing any such loopholes.
## Background
### Factual background {#factual_background}
AT&T held a patent (US Patent No. 4472832) on a program that could digitally encode and compress recorded speech on a computer. Microsoft\'s Windows operating system had the potential to infringe that patent because Windows incorporated a software called NetMeeting that, when installed, enabled a computer to process speech in the same manner as claimed by AT&T\'s patent. Microsoft shipped abroad a \"master version\" of Windows, either on a disk or via encrypted electronic transmission, to foreign manufacturers. These manufacturers first used the master version of Windows to generate copies, and then installed the copies onto the computers they sold to users abroad. AT&T accused Microsoft of infringing U.S. Patent Re. 32580, which was a reissue of U.S. Patent No. 4472832, and filed a suit charging Microsoft with liability for the foreign replications and installations of Windows.
In general, no patent infringement occurred when a patented product was made and sold in another country. However, section 271(f) of the Patent Act, in response to *Deepsouth Packing Co. v. Laitram Corp* and adopted in 1984, provided that infringement would occur when one \"supplies\" a patented invention\'s \"components\" from the United States for the purpose of \"combination\" abroad.
### Procedural background {#procedural_background}
In 2001, AT&T filed an infringement suit to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, charging Microsoft with liability for the foreign installations of Windows. Microsoft responded that: (1) Windows software could not be a "component" of a patented invention within the meaning of § 271(f) because it was intangible information; (2) even if the Windows software were a "component," no actual "components" had been "supplied" from the United States as required by § 271(f) because the copies installed on the foreign-assembled computers had all been made abroad.
However, rejecting all these responses, the District Court held Microsoft liable under § 271(f). After Microsoft appealed, a divided panel of the Federal Circuit still affirmed the District Court\'s decision. In October 2006, the Supreme Court finally agreed to address the conflicting case law surrounding § 271(f) by granting a writ of certiorari. Oral argument was held on February 26, 2007 in front of eight Justices. On April 30, 2007, the Supreme Court reversed the Federal Circuit and ruled in favor of Microsoft.
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# Microsoft Corp. v. AT&T Corp.
## Opinion of the court {#opinion_of_the_court}
### The District Court\'s opinion: in favor of AT&T {#the_district_courts_opinion_in_favor_of_att}
The U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York explained that § 271(f) did not limit "components" to only physical machines or tangible structures, but also intangible information or data. Therefore, the district court rejected Microsoft\'s argument that software can not be a "component" of a patented invention under § 271(f).
As for the copies made abroad, the district court held that such copies should still be considered as "supplied from\" the United States because the code or master disk used for foreign replication was originally manufactured and shipped from the U.S. Therefore, the court denied Microsoft\'s claim that foreign copies should not be considered as \"supplied from\" the United States. By considering the legislative intent of § 271(f) to prohibit the circumvention of infringement through exportation, the Court ruled that Microsoft was liable for patent infringement. Microsoft appealed
### The Federal Circuit\'s opinion: Affirmed {#the_federal_circuits_opinion_affirmed}
The appellate court relied on prior Federal Circuit case law *Eolas Technologies Incorporated v. Microsoft Corporation* and held that software code alone qualifies as an invention eligible for patenting. Since statutory language does not limit § 271(f) to patented 'machines' or 'physical structures,' software can very well be a 'component' of patented invention under § 271(f)".
The Federal Circuit also explained that the act of \"copying\" is subsumed in the act of \"supplying\". Therefore, the exportation of the master disk, with the specific intent to be replicated abroad, was an act considered as "supplied or caused to be supplied from the United States within the meaning of § 271(f)."
However, Federal Circuit Judge Randall R. Rader objected to the view that "supplies" includes the act of foreign "copying". Judge Rader expressed concerns that such an interpretation was an impermissible "extraterritorial expansion" of U.S. patent law because it reached copying activity overseas. In his view, AT&T\'s remedy lied not in U.S. law, but rather the law of the foreign country in which the infringement due to copying occurred.
### The Supreme Court\'s opinion: Reversed {#the_supreme_courts_opinion_reversed}
The Supreme Court accepted Microsoft\'s petition for a writ of certiorari, mainly in order to answer two questions:
1. Whether digital software code can be considered a "component of a patented invention" within the meaning of § 271(f)(1); and, if so,
2. Whether copies of such a "component" made in a foreign country are considered as "supplied from the United States."
On April 30, 2007, the Supreme Court, in a 7-1 majority, reversed the Federal Circuit ruling in favor of Microsoft.
#### Majority opinion {#majority_opinion}
The Supreme Court ruled that abstract software code was an "idea" lacking physical embodiment and it could not be a "usable, combinable part of a computer." Justice Ginsburg analogized abstract software code to a detailed set of instructions such as that of a blueprint. Further, she observed that Congress did not include the export of design tools such as blueprints in enacting the statutory provision. Therefore, Justice Ginsburg argued that the Windows software must be encoded or expressed in some sort of tangible medium, in order to be considered as a \"component\" under § 271(f). The Court thus denied AT&T\'s characterization of abstract software as a combinable component that qualified for § 271(f) liability.
Furthermore, the Court largely agreed that the copies of Windows used to install on the foreign computers were not considered as "supplied" from the United States. The distinction between "supply" and "copy" was legally relevant for liability purposes under § 271(f). Although software copying was much easier compared with the action of \"copy\" in traditional industries, the liability should not be affected by the ease of copying.
According to the reasoning above, the Court ruled that software code did not qualify as a component for purposes of triggering liability under § 271(f) and the copies installed onto the computers sold abroad were not considered as \"supplied\" by Microsoft from the United States either.
#### Concurring opinion {#concurring_opinion}
Microsoft suggested that even a disk shipped from the United States and used to install Windows directly on a foreign computer, would not give rise to liability under § 271(f) if the disk were removed after installation.
Justice Samuel Alito, in a concurrence joined by Justices Thomas and Breyer, agreed with Microsoft in terms of this particular issue, but through different reasoning as the majority opinion.
He emphasized that § 271(f) required the component to be \"combined\" with other components to form the infringing device, meaning that the component must remain a part of the device. As for this case, once the copying and installation process were completed, the Windows program was recorded in a physical form in magnetic fields on the computers\' hard drives. No physical aspect of the Windows CD-ROM---original disk or copy---was ever incorporated in the computer itself if the disk were removed after installation.
Since no physical object originating from the United States was combined with those computers sold abroad, Justice Alito believed there was no patent infringement within the meaning of § 271(f) and it was irrelevant whether the Windows software was installed directly from the master disk or not.
#### Dissent
In a lone dissent, Justice Stevens disagreed with the Supreme Court\'s major opinion that the abstract software was analogous to an abstract set of instruction, i.e., a blueprint, and could not be regarded as a \"component\".
In his view, unlike a blueprint that merely instructed a user how to do something, software actually directly caused infringing conduct to occur. In addition, he argued that the abstract software code, whether embodied in a physical medium or not, should be considered a "component" within the meaning of § 271(f) because it had no other intended use except for installation onto a computer\'s hard drive.
Based on these reasons, Justice Stevens explained that he would affirm previous Federal Circuit\'s majority opinion in this case.
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# Microsoft Corp. v. AT&T Corp.
## Impact
### Opinions from the society {#opinions_from_the_society}
Because of the major impact the decision would have on the U.S. software industry, this case drew a lot of attention from both academics and leaders in the software industry. These interested parties, including law professors, the Department of Justice, and some software companies, submitted amicus briefs on behalf of AT&T and Microsoft.
Microsoft had gained broad support in its defense efforts from the Bush administration, Amazon.com Inc., Intel Corp., Yahoo Inc., and also from industry groups such as the Business Software Alliance and the American Intellectual Property Law Association.
One big concern from these Microsoft supporters was that a decision in favor of AT&T could have put the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office into the role of an arbiter of intellectual property worldwide and pushed software prices higher, which could potentially lead to substantial losses of competitive advantage of U.S. manufacturers in foreign markets.
The Software Freedom Law Center even filed an amicus brief urging that software was not eligible for patent protection because the courts had long held that laws of nature, abstract ideas, and mathematical algorithms were not eligible for patent protection, and software was nothing more than a description of a mathematical algorithm.
### Discussions of § 271(f) {#discussions_of_271f}
In this case, the Supreme Court reversed the previous decisions from the Federal Circuit and the District Court, which raised some discussions on the extraterritorial applications and possible revisions of § 271(f).
From some scholars, the Federal Circuit\'s decision on this case represented the peak of extraterritoriality in modern U.S. patent law as 1) it expanded the definition of \"components\" in § 271(f) to encompass intangible items and 2) it broadly interpreted "supply," for the purposes of § 271(f), to include the act of providing a master component from which copies were made abroad.
On the other hand, while the Supreme Court\'s conceded that their decision may effectively created a "loophole" for software companies to avoid liability under § 271(f), they still rejected the Federal Circuit\'s broad interpretation of Section § 271(f) as it would have increased the number of products sold abroad within the reach of US patent laws, which may introduce inevitable conflict of different patent systems and standards in different countries. Although the Supreme Court\'s decision could be seen as a blow to US patent holders like AT&T, actually these patent holders still had the alternative of enforcing these rights through foreign patent systems, which were the more appropriate protection mechanism.
In terms of the reach of US patent laws and § 271(f) potential revision for software industries, the Supreme Court had invited Congress to consider whether it was desirable to revise patent infringement liability under §271(f) to include exporting software within the intent that such product be copied abroad for use on foreign computers.
## Recent § 271(f) cases {#recent_271f_cases}
- [Union Carbide v. Shell Oil](https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-federal-circuit/1348047.html)
- [NTP v. Research in Motion](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=12741229581232708370&q=NTP+v.+Research+in+Motion&hl=en&as_sdt=2,5&as_vis=1)
- [AT&T v. Microsoft](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=4283529110189940872&q=AT%26T+v.+Microsoft&hl=en&as_sdt=2,5&as_vis=1)
- [Eolas v. Microsoft](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=10158345147351815687&q=Eolas+v.+Microsoft&hl=en&as_sdt=2,5&as_vis=1)
- [Pellegrini v. Analog Devices](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=215088113012691687&q=Pellegrini+v.+Analog+Devices&hl=en&as_sdt=2,5&as_vis=1)
- [Bayer v. Housey Pharms](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=12401292055482736023&q=Bayer+v
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# The Four Blazes
**The Four Blazes** were an American R&B vocal and instrumental group formed in Chicago and popular in the 1940s and 1950s. They were also occasionally billed as **The Five Blazes** and (probably just on record labels) as the \"Blasers\" or the \"Flames.\"
## Career
The group was formed in 1940 by drummer Paul Lindsley \"Jelly\" Holt, an experienced Chicago musician who had previously been a member of the Five Rhythm Rocketeers. The Rocketeers had a residency at the Grand Terrace Ballroom, and linked up with Earl Hines for a European tour in 1939. When they returned, the Rocketeers broke up and Holt formed a new band, The Four Blazes. The other original members were Jimmy Bennett and William \"Shorty\" Hill on guitars and mandolin, and Prentice Butler on bass.
Bennett was later replaced by lead guitarist Floyd McDaniel (1915-1995), and the group also added pianist Ernie Harper (1920-1984) - brother of pianist Walt Harper from Pittsburgh. As The Five Blazes, they signed with Aristocrat Records in 1947, becoming only the second act to record for the predecessor to Chess Records. Confusingly, one of their numbers was \"Chicago Boogie,\" and an entirely different group from Los Angeles called The Four Blazes recorded a song called \"Chicago Blues\" around the same time.
The Chicago group became The Four Blazes again after Ernie Harper left in 1948 for a solo career. In 1951, Butler died and was replaced by lead vocalist and bass player Tommy Braden. The group recorded a series of singles for United Records from 1952 onwards, several of them featuring saxophonist Eddie Chamblee. Their first release, \"Mary Jo\", hit \# 1 on the R&B charts in August 1952, and the follow-ups \"Please Send Her Back To Me\" and \"Perfect Woman\" also made the R&B top ten.
In 1954, Braden left the band for a while, seeking a solo career; he died in 1957. Although Braden returned for a while, and Red Holloway took over from Eddie Chamblee accompanying the band in the studio, the Blazes broke up for good after a last recording session in 1955. \"Jelly\" Holt started a new vocal/instrumental group called the Four Whims before retiring in the early 1960s, and McDaniel performed with the Ink Spots before launching a solo career late in life
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# Paul R. Mendes-Flohr
**Paul R. Mendes-Flohr** (*פול מנדס-פלור*; 17 April 1941 -- 24 October 2024) was an American-Israeli scholar of modern Jewish thought. As an intellectual historian, Mendes-Flohr specialized in 19th and 20th-century Jewish thinkers, including Martin Buber, Franz Rosenzweig, Gershom Scholem, and Leo Strauss.
## Biography
Mendes-Flohr was born as Paul Flohr. He took his wife Rita's maiden name of Mendes as the first part of his hyphenated last name. He held a doctorate from Brandeis University, which was supervised by Alexander Altmann, Nahum Glatzer, and Ben Halpern. Mendes-Flohr taught at the University of Chicago, where he was Dorothy Grant Maclear Professor Emeritus of Modern Jewish History and Thought. He was also Professor Emeritus of Jewish Thought at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
He was co-author and co-editor, with Jehuda Reinharz, of a book of modern Jewish history, *The Jew in the Modern World: A Documentary History,* and with Arthur A. Cohen*,* of a book on contemporary Jewish religious thought*.*
In 2019, Mendes-Flohr published a highly regarded Martin Buber biography entitled, *Martin Buber: A Life of Faith and Dissent.* The German translation appeared in 2022 and in Hebrew in 2023. His most recent work, *Cultural Disjunctions: Post-Traditional Jewish Identities*, was published in 2021.
In 2021, Mendes-Flohr began work on [The Global Lehrhaus](https://thelehrhaus.org), an international platform for education and reflection on issues of common concern. The Global Lehrhaus was inspired by the Freies Jüdisches Lehrhaus (Free House of Jewish Learning), a center for continuing education established by Franz Rosenzweig, and later directed by Martin Buber.
Raised in Brooklyn, New York, Mendes-Flohr lived in Israel from 1970 with his wife, artist [Rita Mendes-Flohr](https://www.ritamendesflohr.com). He had two children, both also artists, and four grandchildren. Mendes-Flohr died on 24 October 2024, at the age of 83.
## Selected works {#selected_works}
- *Identität. Die zwei Seelen der deutschen Juden* (in German).
-
- *\[`{{Google books|id=P75QAQAAIAAJ|plainurl=y}}`{=mediawiki} From Mysticism to Dialogue: Martin Buber\'s Transformation of German Social Thought\].* Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1989.
- Divided passions: Jewish intellectuals and the experience of modernity (1991).
-
- *German Jews: a dual identity* (1999).
-
- *A land of two peoples: Martin Buber on Jews and Arabs* Edited with commentary and a new preface by Paul R. Mendes-Flohr.
- Martin Buber: a contemporary perspective (2002).
-
- Martin Buber: a life of faith and dissent (2019).
- *Franz Rosenzweig and the Possibility of a Jewish Theology* (forthcoming)
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# Shake Keane
**Ellsworth McGranahan** \"**Shake**\" **Keane** (30 May 1927 -- 11 November 1997) was a Vincentian jazz musician and poet. He is best known today for his role as a jazz trumpeter, principally his work as a member of the ground-breaking Joe Harriott Quintet (1959--65).
## Early life in St Vincent {#early_life_in_st_vincent}
Born on the Caribbean island of St Vincent into \"a humble family that loved books and music\", Keane attended Kingstown Methodist School and St Vincent Grammar School. He was taught to play the trumpet by his father, Charles (who died when Keane was 13), and gave his first public recital at the age of six. When he was 14 years old, Keane led a musical band made up of his brothers. In the 1940s, with his mother Dorcas working to raise six children, the teenager joined one of the island\'s leading bands, Ted Lawrence and His Silvertone Orchestra.
During Keane\'s early adulthood in St Vincent, his principal interest was literature, rather than the music for which he would become better known. He had been dubbed \"Shakespeare\" by his school friends, on account of his love of prose and poetry. This nickname was subsequently shortened to \"Shake\", which name he came to use throughout his adult life. He published two books of poetry -- *L\'Oubili* (1950) and *Ixion* (1952) -- while still in St Vincent.
## Early career in Europe {#early_career_in_europe}
Keane emigrated to Great Britain in 1952. He worked on BBC Radio\'s *Caribbean Voices* programme, reading poetry and interviewing fellow writers and musicians. He began reading literature at London University by day, while also playing the trumpet in London nightclubs, working in a number of styles including cabaret, highlife, soca, mento, calypso and jazz. From 1959, he committed more fully to jazz, spending six years as a member of pioneering alto saxophonist Joe Harriott\'s band. Harriott\'s group was the first in Europe, and one of the first worldwide, to play free jazz, and Keane contributed mightily to the band\'s artistic success, thanks to his fleet and powerful improvisatory skills on trumpet and flugelhorn. Both Harriott and Keane played with the Mike McKenzie Harlem All Stars.
During this period, Keane and Harriott also played extensively with English jazz pianist Michael Garrick, often in a \"poetry and jazz\" setting. He also made a small handful of records under his own name, but these were usually light jazz, a world away from his work with Harriott and Garrick. In 1966, Keane left Britain to settle in Germany. He became featured soloist with the Kurt Edelhagen Radio Orchestra, and also joined the pre-eminent European jazz ensemble of the 1960s, The Kenny Clarke-Francy Boland Big Band.
## Family life in London {#family_life_in_london}
During 1953, Keane met Christiane Richard, from Lyon, France, at one of his performances in London. The couple settled down together in Tufnell Park and had two sons in the early 1960s: Alan and Noel Julian. They moved to Notting Hill to live with his friend and bandmate, Coleridge Goode. At some point, Keane formed a relationship with Scots-born Elizabeth Uma Ramanan, with whom he had a son, Roland Ramanan, in 1966, by which time Keane had left for Germany to join Edelhagen\'s orchestra.
## Later career {#later_career}
Keane\'s musical career was set aside in the early 1970s, as he returned to St Vincent in 1972 to take up a government position as director of culture, remaining in the post until 1975. Afterwards, he turned to teaching as his main profession, while continuing to write poetry. His collection *One a Week with Water* (1979) won the prestigious Cuban Casa de las Américas prize for poetry.
In 1981, Keane moved to New York City, settling the Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn. He did not return full-time to music until 1989, when he rejoined Michael Garrick and his old band mates Coleridge Goode and Bobby Orr for a tour in honour of Joe Harriott. In 1991, Keane appeared in a BBC *Arena* documentary with the Jamaican poet Linton Kwesi Johnson, filmed by Anthony Wall.
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# Shake Keane
## Death and legacy {#death_and_legacy}
In the 1990s, Keane remained based in Brooklyn. He had reestablished contact with Margaret Bynoe, an academic who also hailed from St Vincent. They married and set up home together in 1991. Thanks to an old friend and colleague from the BBC in the 1950s, Erik Bye, Keane established a regular pattern of work in Norway from 1991 to his death. He contributed music to Norwegian television and stage productions for the next few years, also touring the country playing jazz. It was while preparing for one such tour that he became ill, subsequently dying from stomach cancer on 11 November 1997 in Bergen, at the age of 70.
In 2003, he was honoured by his country with the unveiling of a life-size bust at the Peace Memorial Hall in Kingstown.
The authoritative collection to date of Shake Keane\'s poetry is [*The Angel Horn -- Shake Keane (1927--1997) Collected Poems*](https://www.spdbooks.org/Products/091344166X/the-angel-horn.aspx), published by House of Nehesi Publishers in 2005 and launched that same year at the St. Martin Book Fair to an audience of more than 200 guests. Keane himself had selected the poems for inclusion but died before publication. The book was seen through to publication by his widow, Margaret Bynoe. According to Vincentian author Dr. Adrian Fraser, \"*The Angel Horn* is vintage Shake Keane, ... spanning a period of 40 years ... the best of Keane.\"
The biography *Riff: The Shake Keane Story*, by Philip Nanton, was published in January 2021 by Papillote Press.
## Discography
### As bandleader {#as_bandleader}
- *In My Condition* (Columbia, 1961)
- *Bossa Negra* (Columbia, 1962)
- *That\'s The Noise* (Decca, 1965)
- *With The Keating Sound* (Decca, 1966)
- *The Big Fat Horn Of Shake Keane* (Decca, 1966)
- *Dig It* (Phase 4, 1968)
- *Rising Stars At Evening Time* (Economy, 1971)
- *Real Keen Reggae into Jazz* (LKJ, 1991)
### As sideman {#as_sideman}
- Joe Harriott: *Southern Horizons* (Jazzland, 1960)
- Joe Harriott: *Free Form* (Jazzland, 1960)
- Wilton \"Bogey\" Gaynair: *Africa Calling* (Candid, 1960)
- Joe Harriott: *Abstract* (Columbia, 1962)
- Joe Harriott: *Movement* (Columbia, 1963)
- Joe Harriott: *High Spirits* (Columbia, 1964)
- David Mack: *New Directions* (Columbia, 1964)
- Michael Garrick: *Poetry & Jazz In Concert* (Argo, 1964)
- Michael Garrick: *October Woman* (Argo, 1965)
- Jonny Teupen: *Love and Harp A La Latin* (Vogue, 1965; reissued by Sonorama Records, Berlin, Germany
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# Ray Searage
**Raymond Mark Searage** (born May 1, 1955) is an American former professional baseball relief pitcher and coach. Searage played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Mets (1981), Milwaukee Brewers (1984--1986), Chicago White Sox (1986--1987), and Los Angeles Dodgers (1989--1990). He was also the pitching coach for the Pittsburgh Pirates from 2010 through 2019.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Searage is from Deer Park, New York. He graduated from Deer Park High School in 1973, and then attended Suffolk Community College for one year, before he transferred to West Liberty State College, where he played college baseball for the West Liberty Hilltoppers in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics.
The St. Louis Cardinals selected Searage in the 22nd round of the 1976 Major League Baseball draft. In December 1979, the Cardinals traded Searage to the New York Mets for Jody Davis. He made his MLB debut with the Mets on June 11, 1981, just hours before the start of the 1981 MLB strike. In his brief tenure with the Mets in 1981, he had a 1--0 win--loss record and a 3.65 earned run average across 26 games played. He also went 1-for-1 in his only at bat, making him the only Met in history to have a 100% winning percentage and a 1.000 batting average.
In January 1982, the Mets traded Searage to the Cleveland Indians for Tom Veryzer. He spent two years in the minor leagues for the Cleveland organization before he signed with the Milwaukee Brewers after the 1983 season.
While with the Brewers, Searage had a streak of 28 consecutive scoreless innings pitched from 1984 to 1985, which tied a team record. He struggled in 1985, and was demoted to the minor leagues on June 14. The Brewers recalled him in August. He began the 1986 season with Milwaukee, but again struggled and was sent to the minor leagues, before being recalled in June. In July 1986, the Brewers traded Searage to the Chicago White Sox for Al Jones and Tom Hartley. Searage signed with the Los Angeles Dodgers in April 1988. After spending the 1988 season in the minor leagues, he made the Dodgers\' major league team in 1989. After pitching for the Dodgers in 1990, Searage finished his playing career with the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red Barons in 1991 and the Edmonton Trappers in 1992.
In seven major league seasons, Searage had an 11--13 win--loss record with a 3.50 ERA. He appeared in 254 games, pitched `{{frac|287|2|3}}`{=mediawiki} innings, finished 101 games, and garnered 11 saves. Searage allowed 267 hits, 120 runs, 112 earned runs, 22 home runs, 137 walks (23 intentional), 193 strikeouts, hit three batters, made 14 wild pitches, faced 1,242 batters, and balked twice.
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# Ray Searage
## Coaching career {#coaching_career}
In 1994, Searage rejoined the Cardinals\' organization as a minor league pitching coach, assigned to the Madison Hatters of the Class A Midwest League. He coached the Peoria Chiefs of the Midwest League in 1995 and 1996 and the Prince William Cannons of the Class A-Advanced Carolina League in 1997. Searage worked for the Tampa Bay Devil Rays organization as the pitching coach for the Orlando Rays of the Class AA Southern League from 1998 through 2000. The Florida Marlins hired Searage as their minor league pitching coordinator in 2000. In 2001, he served as interim pitching coach for the Calgary Cannons of the Class AAA Pacific Coast League, substituting for Britt Burns. He joined the Pittsburgh Pirates organization, and served as the pitching coach for the Williamsport Crosscutters of the Class A-Short Season New York-Penn League in 2003 and 2004, the Hickory Crawdads of the Class A South Atlantic League in 2005, the Altoona Curve of the Class AA Eastern League in 2006 and 2007, and for the Indianapolis Indians of the Class AAA International League in 2008 and 2009.
On October 17, 2009, he was promoted to the Pittsburgh Pirates as the assistant pitching coach. When John Russell, the manager of the Pirates, initiated the firing of Joe Kerrigan, the Pirates\' pitching coach, in August 2010, Searage was named interim pitching coach for the Pirates. After Clint Hurdle was named manager, Searage was named full-time pitching coach. In 2015, the Pirates had 98 wins and a 3.21 team ERA, both second-best in MLB. As the Pirates\' pitching coach, Searage was credited with rejuvenating the careers of Francisco Liriano, Edinson Vólquez, Charlie Morton, J. A. Happ, and A. J. Burnett. He held that position until October 3, 2019, when he was dismissed shortly after Hurdle.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Searage has three sons. His son Ryan played professional baseball for the Pirates organization
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# 2002 Amstel Gold Race
The **2002 Amstel Gold Race** was the 37th edition of the annual Amstel Gold Race road bicycle race, held on Sunday April 28, 2002 in the Limburg province, The Netherlands. The race stretched 254.4 kilometres, with the start and finish in Maastricht. There were a total of 195 competitors, with 98 of them finishing the race.
## Results
*sources: *
Cyclist Team Time
---- ------------------------------------------------------- ------ ---------
1
2 s.t.
3 s.t.
4 `{{flagathlete|[[Lance Armstrong]]|USA}}`{=mediawiki} s.t.
5 \+ 52\"
6 s.t.
7 s.t.
8 s.t.
9 s.t.
10 s.t
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# Chen Cheng (Ming dynasty)
`{{family name hatnote|[[Chen (surname)|Chen]]|lang=Chinese}}`{=mediawiki} **Chen Cheng** (`{{zh|t=陳誠|s=陈诚|p=Chén Chéng|w=Ch'en Ch'eng|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}) (1365--1457), courtesy name **Zilu** (子鲁), pseudonym **Zhushan** (竹山), was a Chinese diplomat known for his overland journeys into Central Asia during the Ming dynasty. His travels were contemporaneous to the treasure voyages of the admiral Zheng He.
## Life
Chen was born in 1365 in Linchuan County, Jiangxi province. He obtained the positions of *juren* (举人) and *jinshi* (進士) in 1393 and 1394 respectively after taking the imperial examination.
In 1396, Chen was sent on a diplomatic mission to the western region of Qaidam to establish border defence. In 1397, he was sent by the Hongwu Emperor as an envoy to Vietnam. From 1406 to 1411, he served in the Wenyuange (文渊阁), the imperial library in the Forbidden City, as an editor of the *Yongle Encyclopedia*.
Buddhist idols and temples in Turfan were described in 1414 by Chen Cheng.
In 1414, 1416 and 1420, Chen Cheng led a Ming mission to the court of the Timurid dynasty at Samarkand.
## Works by Chen Cheng {#works_by_chen_cheng}
- *Travel in the Western Region*
- *Xi yu fan guo zhi*, \"A Record of the Barbarian Countries in the Western Region
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# Edmond and Corrigan
**Edmond and Corrigan** is an Australian architectural firm based in Melbourne, Victoria, founded in the late 1970s by partners Maggie Edmond and Peter Corrigan, the firm\'s principals. The practice\'s work, both built and written, has been widely associated with the emergence of architectural postmodernism in Australia, an interest in suburbia and a search for an Australian architectural identity. Peter Corrigan taught design studios at RMIT University for over 30 years, until his death in December 2016.
## Architectural practice {#architectural_practice}
The practice of Edmond and Corrigan was officially formed in 1975, though the pair had gradually been collaborating and associating on projects after Corrigan\'s return from America in 1974. Much of their early work consisted of church buildings and community buildings for the Catholic communities of suburban Melbourne.
They designed the Keysborough Church of the Resurrection, completed in 1977, and later buildings in Keysborough. The project was published in 1977. The School of the Resurrection, Keysborough was awarded the Victorian Architecture Medal in 1979.
The practice\'s subsequent projects, many of them in suburban sites, continued with the idea of an Australian architectural language, visible in their competition entries for the Parliament House, Canberra Competition in 1977, The Australian Stockman\'s Hall of Fame and the State Library of Victoria, their many projects for community buildings, and their work for universities.
They later undertook larger projects; many of them, particularly RMIT Building 8, pursued the idea of \'a city in a single building\'. Their Athan House of 1986 was published widely.
The practice also worked extensively in stage and set design for Opera Australia, Melbourne University Theatre Group, and La Mama.
Peter Corrigan wrote about his practice\'s work and about others, explicitly stating the practice\'s goal of creating or fostering a particularly Australian architectural language.
### Recognition
In 2003 Peter Corrigan was awarded the RAIA Gold Medal, 2003, the highest accolade of the Australian architecture profession. In 1993 he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate in Architecture from RMIT University.
Twenty years later, in 2023, Maggie Edmond was awarded the Australian Institute of Architects Gold Medal at the National Awards, with her name added to the same award that was presented to Peter Corrigan in 2003. At the 2023 National Awards she described the correction as \'restorative\'. The rectification awards their work as a unique and innovative partnership
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# Stephen Bright
**Stephen B. Bright** (born 1948) is an American lawyer known for representing people facing the death penalty, advocating for the right to counsel for poor people accused of crimes, and challenging inhumane practices and conditions in prisons and jails. He has taught at Yale Law School since 1993 and has been teaching at the Georgetown Law Center since 2017 (it is his third visit to Georgetown). In 2016, he ended almost 35 years at the Southern Center for Human Rights in Atlanta, first as director from 1982 to 2005, and then as president and senior counsel from 2006 to 2016.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Bright grew up on a family farm in Boyle County, Kentucky. As a student at Boyle County High School, he was a journalist, writing stories for *The Advocate-Messenger.* He began his undergraduate studies at the University of Kentucky (UK) in Lexington in fall 1965. He became involved with student government, switched his major from journalism to political science, and was elected student body president in 1970. Entering that office in a turbulent time of student demonstrations against the Vietnam War, the outspoken and controversial Bright earned a reputation as UK\'s \"first liberal activist student president.\" He received his B.A. and J.D. degrees from the University of Kentucky.
## Legal career {#legal_career}
Bright served as a legal services attorney with the Appalachian Research & Defense Fund from 1975 to 1976, a public defender with the Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia from 1976 to 1979, and director of a law school clinical program in Washington, D.C., from 1979 to 1982.
He has represented people facing the death penalty at trials and on appeals, and prisoners in challenges to inhumane conditions and practices; written essays and articles on the right to counsel, racial discrimination in the criminal legal system, judicial independence, and other topics, which have been published in scholarly publications, books, magazines and newspapers; and testified before committees of both the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives.
In addition to Yale and Georgetown, he has also taught at the law schools at Harvard University, University of Chicago, Emory University, University of Georgia, Georgia State University Law School, University of Tennessee, Northeastern University, American University, and other universities.
The *Fulton County Daily Report* named Bright as \'Agitator (and Newsmaker) of the Year\' in 2003 for his contribution to bringing about creation of a public defender system in Georgia by bringing lawsuits and issuing reports that led to the state legislature\'s passage of the Georgia Indigent Defense Act.
Bright has argued before the Supreme Court in the cases of *McWilliams v. Dunn* (2017), *Foster v. Chatman* (2016), *Snyder v. Louisiana* (2008), and *Amadeo v. Zant* (1988). The Supreme Court ruled in favor of his clients in each case, finding racial discrimination in jury selection in the cases of Foster, Snyder and Amadeo, and the denial of funds for an crucial expert witness that denied McWilliams a fair trial.
## Works
In 2023, Bright co-authored, with James Kwak the book *The Fear of Too Much Justice: Race, Poverty, and the Persistence of Inequality in the Criminal Courts* (`{{ISBN|978-1620970256}}`{=mediawiki})
## Representation in other media {#representation_in_other_media}
- His work and the work of the Center have been the subject of a documentary film, *Fighting for Life in the Death Belt*
- Two books about their work are *Proximity to Death* by William S. McFeely (Norton, 1999) and *Finding Life on Death Row* by Katya Lezin (Northeastern University Press, 1999).
## Honors
- National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers\' Lifetime Achievement Award in 2008
- Inducted into the University of Kentucky College of Law Hall of Fame.
- American Bar Association\'s Thurgood Marshall Award in 1998
- American Civil Liberties Union\'s Roger Baldwin Medal of Liberty in 1991
- National Legal Aid & Defender Association\'s Kutak-Dodds Prize in 1992
- Human Rights Award, Death Penalty Focus (2011)
He has received honorary degrees from Georgetown, Emory, Northeastern, Louisville and Quinnipiac universities, the University of Kentucky, Centre College, Berea College, the University of Central England, and the John Jay College of Criminal Justice, and other awards
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# Lake Pohenegamook
**Lake Pohenegamook** (*Lac Pohénégamook*, `{{IPA|fr|lak pɔeneɡamok|pron}}`{=mediawiki}) is a Canadian lake located in Temiscouata Regional County Municipality (MRC), in the administrative region of Bas-Saint-Laurent in southeastern Quebec, immediately north of the International Boundary with Maine at Aroostook County. It is the source of the Saint Francis River.
## Geography
Oriented north-south, the lake is nestled in a valley in the Notre Dame Mountains, part of the Appalachian Range. Route 289 runs along the southern and western shores through the municipality of Pohénégamook---an amalgamation of several villages.
The National Transcontinental Railway constructed its mainline from Winnipeg, Manitoba, to Moncton, New Brunswick, along the western and southern shores in 1912---today this line forms the mainline of CN Rail between Halifax, Nova Scotia, and Montreal, Quebec.
The community of Estcourt Station, Maine, (the northernmost point in New England) is located immediately south of the CN railway line at the lake\'s southern shore.
## Toponymy
The name of Lake Pohenegamook comes from the Abenaki **ponegamikw** and means \'winter camp\'. Many other translations have also appeated over time, like \'drawn in the form of a lying man\', \'lake of laughter\', \'lake of mockery\', \'deep lake\' or \'place of resting\'.
The place name \"Lac Pohénégamook\" was formalized on December 5, 1968, at the Commission de toponymie du Québec (Quebec Names Board).
## Legend
According to legend, a monster that looks like an upturned canoe covered in scales called the Ponik lives in the lake. It is possible that the monster\'s appearance was conceived from the mistaken observation of a sturgeon, from stories of sea serpents, or from logs floating in the lake\'s waters. The legend of the Ponik has a positive impact on the lake and the city of Pohenegamook, as it makes them both more known to many Quebecers
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# Arthur Elliot (artist)
**Arthur Elliot** (1809-1892) was an English artist who sketched dozens of lively pictures of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, during his visit there from September 1881 to March 1882. He had a sharp eye for the details of daily life and recorded them with an equally sharp wit. The winter months, in particular, were of interest to Elliot, who recorded the various sleighs and the winter dress of Montréalers, and painted charming watercolours of skating carnivals and of children sledding on city streets.
Barriere de peage sur le chemin de la Cote-des-Neiges, 1882.jpg Dorchester Street, Montreal, Arthur Elliot, 1881
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# Edward Padula
**Edward Padula** (January 24, 1916 -- November 1, 2001) was an American theatre producer, stage manager, and occasional director and writer.
Born in Newark, New Jersey, Padula began his theatrical career by directing the book for the early Lerner and Loewe collaboration *The Day Before Spring* in 1945. A full decade passed before he returned to Broadway as a stage manager, working on such productions as *No Time for Sergeants* (1955), *Rumple* (1957), *God and Kate Murphy*, and *Saratoga* (1959).
In 1958, Padula began to audition songwriting teams for a musical about American teenagers he hoped to produce. Lee Adams and Charles Strouse won the job on the third tryout, and Padula linked them with book writer Michael Stewart. *Bye Bye Birdie* (1960) not only proved to be the producer\'s most successful project, but also won him the Tony Award for Best Musical. Following *All American* (1962) and *Bajour* (1964), producer Padula donned the hats of book writer and director as well for the ill-fated *A Joyful Noise* (1966), which closed after four previews and twelve performances. Its major distinction was the introduction of choreographer Michael Bennett to the theatrical community.
Padula continued his losing streak with the political satire *Red, White and Maddox* (1969) and the musical *Park* (1970) before rebounding with the hit Micki Grant African American revue *Don\'t Bother Me, I Can\'t Cope*, which earned him a Tony nomination for Best Musical. It was his last Broadway production.
Padula died of a heart attack in Bridgehampton, New York, aged 84. The tony is currently at the house of his niece
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# Samuel Walker Houston
**Samuel Walker Houston** (February 12, 1864`{{spaced ndash}}`{=mediawiki}November 19, 1945) was an American pioneer in the field of education.
## Early life {#early_life}
On February 12, 1864, Samuel Walker Houston was a Texas Education pioneer. Born a slave in Huntsville, Texas. Houston\'s father was Joshua Houston, and his mother was Sylvester Baker, two former slaves of Sam Houston.
## Career
After studying with his father and Professor C. W. Luckie, Samuel W. Houston realized that education was the building block to success. A member of the intellectual elite, he was influenced by Booker T. Washington. Young Samuel matriculated to study in Virginia, then to Atlanta University in Georgia, where he was a student of W.E.B. DuBois before moving on to Howard University in Washington D.C.
While in D.C, Houston honed administrative skills, working for 5 years as a clerk for the Navy.
**1903:** Instructor Houston returned home to Texas to teach at the Red Hill Community School in Grimes County, Texas. He also founded and published a local newspaper: *The Huntsville Times*.
Houston founded the Galilee Community School in 1906, which later became known as the Houstonian Normal and Industrial Institute.
**1906:** Professor Houston founded Galilee Community School---Texas\' first 1-12th grade school academy for African-Americans---on land donated by the Melinda and Sanford Williams family. The Galilee Community School later grew and morphed into the Samuel W. Houston Industrial and Training Institute in Walker County where vocational skills were taught to classes that included vocational and fine art classes. Funding from the community and outside sources, including substantial grants from the Julius Rosenwald Fund for the construction of 2 dormitories housing up to 400 boys and girls, the property on Highway 30 was a source of community pride.
**In 1930**, Houston\'s school was consolidated into the Huntsville Independent School District. Samuel W. Houston was named supervising principal over nine Walker County schools, including the Samuel W. Houston High School for black students.
The Rosenwald Fund\'s grants were joined by monies and support from the Jeanes Fund, the Slater Fund, Smith Hughes, Smith-Level and the General Education Board of New York provided generous grants to support not only the construction of buildings but the teaching of music, arts and the humanities as well. Prof. Houston was a prolific musician and took full advantage of their generosity towards his students.
The Rosenwald Fund\'s special agent G.T. Bludworth was instrumental in helping to ensure the expansion of the institute to 5 dormitories and 2 academic buildings.
**1935**: Professor Houston served as the Commissioner of Interracial Cooperation; was Field Secretary and Director of the State Interracial Commission of Texas; and later as the Walker County Superintendent for persons of color. He eventually became the supervising principal over nine Walker County schools and first principal of the aptly named Samuel W. Houston High School which later became the Samuel Walker Houston Elementary School.
**1995**: The creation of \"The Dreamers,\" a monument to underscore the contributions made by the black community in the growth and development of Huntsville and Walker County. The work of art was commissioned by the Huntsville Independent School District, Huntsville Arts Commission and the Samuel W. Houston High School\'s Ex-Students Association.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: "Pathfinders: A history of the pioneering efforts of African-Americans, Huntsville, Walker County, Texas\" by Naomi W. Lede'
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# Samuel Walker Houston
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Samuel Walker Houston first married Cornelia Orvis, the daughter of Rev. and Mrs. Orvis. They had a son, Harold Houston. Later, the mother and a baby daughter died in childbirth.
April 18, 1915: Samuel W Houston and fellow instructor Hope Harville wed. They raised three children: Samuel W. Houston Jr., (5/9/1916), Helen Hope (8/25/1917), and Hazel Sylvester (9/30/1919).
On November 19, 1945, Houston died at the age of 81, while staying in the home of Constance Houston in Houston Texas.
### Legacy
1935: Professor Houston served as the Commissioner of Interracial Cooperation; was Field Secretary and Director of the State Interracial Commission of Texas; and later as the Walker County Superintendent for persons of color. He eventually became the supervising principal over nine Walker County schools and first principal of the aptly named Samuel W. Houston High School which later became the Samuel Walker Houston Elementary School.
November 19, 1945, Samuel W. Houston died at the age of 81 and was buried in Huntsville\'s Oakwood Cemetery where his father, Joshua Houston, Aunt Virginia Houston Wilson and namesake, General Sam Houston are all interred.
In 1995, on the grounds of the old Samuel W. Houston Elementary School, the Huntsville Independent School District, along with the Huntsville Arts Commission and the high school\'s Ex-Students Association, commissioned artists Larry Zink and Monica Taylor to create *The Dreamers*, a monument to underscore the contributions made by the black community in the growth and development of Huntsville and Walker County was placed in front of the old facility, now renamed to the Samuel W. Houston Museum and Cultural Center
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# Bianco world map
The **Bianco World Map** is a map created by *Andrea Bianco*, a 15th-century Venetian sailor and cartographer who resided on Chios. This map was a large piece of a nautical atlas including ten pages made of vellum (each measuring 26 × 38 cm). These vellum pages were previously held in an 18th-century binding, but the current owner, Venetian library Biblioteca Marciana, separated the pages for individual exhibition.
To confirm his authorship of the atlas, Bianco added to the first page a signature flag with the text \"Andreas Biancho de Veneciis me fecit M cccc xxx vj\". Roughly translated, this reads \"Made by me Andreas Biancho in Venice, 1436.\"
Andrea Bianco also collaborated with Fra Mauro on the Fra Mauro world map of 1459.
## Content
The first page, or *Tavola 1*, shows a diagram of the *Raxon or Toleta of Marteloio*, a navigational technique that enabled sailors to calculate how to return to their intended course after being blown off-course. The next eight pages contain seven local and one Europe-wide Portolan charts. The ninth page contains a circular world map measuring 24 cm in circumference. The final page illustrates a Ptolemaic world map based upon Ptolemy\'s first projection with a graduation of the latitudes. The map also contains two different estimates of the size of the world sphere
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# Padmanoor
**Padmanoor** is a place in Kinnigoli. It is about 1.5 km from Kinnigoli bus-stand and 3 km from S.Kodi, 7 km from Mulki
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# Galactose epimerase deficiency
**Galactose epimerase deficiency**, also known as **GALE deficiency**, **Galactosemia III** and **UDP-galactose-4-epimerase deficiency**, is a rare, autosomal recessive form of galactosemia associated with a deficiency of the enzyme *galactose epimerase*.
## Symptoms and signs {#symptoms_and_signs}
Symptoms of congenital Type III Galactosemia are apparent from birth, but vary in severity depending on whether the peripheral or generalized disease form is present. Symptoms may include:
- Infantile jaundice
- Infantile hypotonia
- Dysmorphic features
- Sensorineural hearing loss
- Impaired growth
- Cognitive deficiencies
- Depletion of cerebellar Purkinje cells
- Ovarian failure (POI) and hypertrophic hypergonadism
- Liver failure
- Renal failure
- Splenomegaly
- Cataracts
Studies of Type III galactosemia symptoms are mostly descriptive, and precise pathogenic mechanisms remain unknown. This is largely due to a lack of functional animal models of classic galactosemia. The recent development of a *Drosophila melanogaster* GALE mutant exhibiting galactosemic symptoms may yield a promising future animal model.
## Genetics
Galactose epimerase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder, which means the defective gene is located on an autosome, and two copies of the defective gene - one from each parent - are required to inherit the disorder. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive disorder both carry one copy of the defective gene, but usually do not experience any signs or symptoms of the disorder.
### Genetic basis {#genetic_basis}
Various human GALE mutations resulting in Type III galactosemia have been identified. Functional analysis of these mutant GALE isoforms suggests that reduced catalytic efficiency and increased likelihood of proteolytic digestion act causatively in Type III galactosemia.
Mutated Residue Biochemical Effect Clinical Manifestation
--------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------
V94M, K257R, L313M, R335H Strongly impaired turnover number and specificity constant Severe generalized galactosemia.
S81R, T150M, P293L Mild turnover number impairment Intermediate galactosemia.
L183P, D103G, G90E, N34S Strongly impaired turnover number and specificity constant; increased proteolytic digestion. Severe generalized galactosemia.
### Biochemical basis {#biochemical_basis}
GALE deficiency inhibits UDP-glucose regeneration, preventing the formation of glucose-1-phosphate and leading to the accumulation of galactose and galactose-1-phosphate. High galactose-1-phosphate levels have been shown to interfere with phosphoglucomutase, glycogen phosphorylase, UDP-glycopyrophosphorylase, activity in bacterial models and *in vitro*, yet *in vivo* mechanisms toxicity have yet to be confirmed. Regardless, median galactose-1-phosphate levels act as the most accurate predictors of the severity of symptoms associated with Type III galactosemia.
Blockage of the Leloir pathway by GALE deficiency or dysfunction activates alternate pathways of glucose metabolism and leads to galactitol and galactonate formation. Galactonate is metabolized by the pentose phosphate pathway, and is not considered toxic. Galactitol, however, may accumulate in lens fibers, perturbing lens epithelial cell permeability and leading to cell death and cataract formation. GALE deficiency also perturbs glycolipid and glycoprotein biosynthesis due to decreased production of UDP-GalNAc from UDP-GlcNAc.
## Diagnosis
Screening for elevated galactose levels may detect GALE deficiency or dysfunction in infants, and mutation studies for GALE are clinically available.
### Classification
There are 2 forms of epimerase deficiency: benign RBC deficiency and Severe liver deficiency. Severe form is similar to galactosemia.
## Treatment
Individuals presenting with Type III galactosemia must consume a lactose- and galactose-restricted diet devoid of dairy products and mucilaginous plants. Dietary restriction is the only current treatment available for GALE deficiency. As glycoprotein and glycolipid metabolism generate endogenous galactose, however, Type III galactosemia may not be resolved solely through dietary restriction
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# John Mwirichia
**John G. M. Mwirichia** is a Kenyan politician and businessman. He entered politics in 1992 during the struggle of multiparty democracy in Kenya and was a leader of the Ford party. When multiparty democracy was achieved, he went on to be elected Ford-Kenya chairman Nairobi branch and has since held various positions in the party. He has opposed the award of salary increment by MPs. Mwirichia has argued that Kenya does not need \'Foreign Constitutional Experts\' as equivalents can be found within the country.
Mwirichia founded the ball manufacturing company Sportex Investments in 1999. He is also Finance Director of Kenya Industrial Estates
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# Lazare Sèhouéto
**Lazare Maurice Sèhouéto** (born April 18, 1963) is a Beninese politician. Under President Mathieu Kérékou, he served as Minister of Commerce, Industry, Community Development, and the Promotion of Employment from May 2001 to June 2003, and as Minister of Agriculture, Husbandry, and Fishing from June 2003 to February 2005. He was one of five Force Clé candidates elected to the National Assembly in the March 2003 parliamentary election. He was the candidate of the Movement for the People\'s Alternative in the March 2006 presidential election, taking sixth place with 2.04% of the vote. In the 2007 parliamentary election he was one of four Force Clé candidates to be elected
| 112 |
Lazare Sèhouéto
| 0 |
11,001,506 |
# Boomsday (novel)
***Boomsday***, a 2007 novel by Christopher Buckley, is a political satire about the rivalry between squandering Baby Boomers and younger generations of Americans who do not want to pay high taxes for their elders\' retirement.
## Title
Boomsday is referred to in the book as the day that a majority of the Baby Boomers would begin retiring, thrusting the United States into economic trouble and the raising of taxes to compensate for Social Security.
## Plot synopsis {#plot_synopsis}
Cassandra Devine, \"a morally superior twenty-nine-year-old PR chick\" and moonlit angry blogger, incites generational warfare when she proposes that the financially nonviable Baby Boomers be given incentives (free Botox, no estate tax) to kill themselves at 70. The proposal, meant only as a catalyst for debate on the issue, catches the approval of millions of citizens, chief among them an ambitious presidential candidate, Senator Randolph Jepperson.
With the aide of public relations guru Terry Tucker, Devine and Jepperson attempt to ride \"Voluntary Transitioning\" all the way to the White House, over the objections of the Religious Right and the Baby Boomers, deeply offended by the demonstrations taking place on the golf courses of their retirement resorts.
## Connections to other media {#connections_to_other_media}
Terry Tucker, Cassandra\'s boss and co-conspirator, is said to have learned what he knows from Nick Naylor, the protagonist of Buckley\'s 1994 novel *Thank You For Smoking*.
## Reception
Jane and Michael Stern of *The New York Times* compared *Boomsday* to *Saturday Night Live* and the works of Kurt Vonnegut, although both comparisons were unfavorable, noting that Buckley\'s novel \"might make you long for the days when puerile humor wasn\'t confused with genuine wit.\" Missy Schwartz of *Entertainment Weekly* remarked that \"Buckley\'s ace storytelling trumps any shortcomings. And when you\'re as ticked off about the state of our country as Buckley seems to be, who has time for subtlety?\"
Janet Maslin of *The New York Times* wrote, in praising the book, that \"even at its breeziest, *Boomsday* features wickedly plausible ingredients like a Cape Town-to-Rio Rolex Challenge for yachts and a boomer-advocacy organization whose office lobby has been given the brushed-steel look of a Sub-Zero refrigerator. From its jailed reporters who form a "Pulitzer Nation" (wearing "do-rags made from expensive hosiery") to tax exemptions for Segways and cosmetic surgery, not to mention a proposed set of celebrity-endorsement suicide ads ("like the milk ads, only they're drinking poison"), this satire combines the serious and the ridiculous with dead-on aplomb.\"
## Film adaptation {#film_adaptation}
Screenwriters Ron Bass and Jen Smolka have adapted the novel into a screenplay. Tom Vaughan was announced as director for a film production announced for early 2011 shooting by GreeneStreet Films and Das Films. As of mid-2020, the movie was still officially classed as \"in production\"
| 461 |
Boomsday (novel)
| 0 |
11,001,522 |
# Barbara Lang (film actress)
**Barbara Lang** (born **Barbara Jean Bly**, March 2, 1928 -- July 22, 1982) was an American actress and singer.
## Early life {#early_life}
Lang was born March 2, 1928. She was a student at Eagle Rock High School and acted in little theater.
### Illness
After having poliomyelitis Lang was told that she might never walk again. She turned to the Bible during this time and credited faith for performing a miracle. Shortly after being stricken, her legs and facial muscles were paralyzed, and she had difficulty speaking. The lingering effect she experienced most was tiring easily.
Lang began singing in night clubs to pay her medical debts. She was a self-taught vocalist who trusted her accompanist to select each song\'s key and pitch. She eventually began singing regularly in Portland and San Francisco.
## Career
### Film
She first came to the attention of Hollywood producers with appearances in six *Death Valley Days* episodes (1955--1956). In 1957, she signed a contract with Metro Goldwyn Mayer and was assigned to dramatic school. As a new star for MGM Lang played the female lead in *House of Numbers* (1957), co-starring with Jack Palance. It was filmed inside San Quentin Prison and in Mill Valley, California.
Lang was at first named to star opposite Elvis Presley in *Jailhouse Rock*. Before being cast the movie was tentatively entitled *Jailhouse Kid*. In the Joe Pasternak production of *Party Girl* (1958), Lang played \"Ginger D\'Amour\", a Chicago showgirl of the 1930s.
### Television
After surviving and recovering from polio, Lang went into television work. Her TV credits are numerous. She is in episodes of *The Thin Man* (1957), the episode \"Escape to Tampico\" of *Maverick* (1958), *The Bob Cummings Show* (1958), *77 Sunset Strip* (1959), *Lawman* (1959), *Tightrope!* (1959), and *Outlaws* (1960), among others.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
In November 1958, Lang won an annulment of her two-year marriage to actor Alan Wells. The decree was granted on grounds that Wells had married Lang in Ensenada, Mexico, ten months before his divorce from actress Claudia Barrett was final. Lang and Wells met when she played in *Death Valley Days*.
She married John George in 1967 but divorced in 1972.
Lang died at age 54 in on July 22, 1982 reportedly from pneumonia
| 382 |
Barbara Lang (film actress)
| 0 |
11,001,585 |
# Driver and Vehicle Agency
The **Driver and Vehicle Agency** (**DVA**; *An Ghníomhaireacht Tiománaithe agus Feithiclí*) is a government agency of the Department for Infrastructure in Northern Ireland. The agency is responsible for conducting vehicle testing, driver testing and the issuance of driving licences.
It was created in early 2007 through the merger of the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Northern Ireland (DVLNI) and the Driver and Vehicle Testing Agency (DVTA).
## Driver and vehicle testing {#driver_and_vehicle_testing}
In Northern Ireland, the DVA is responsible for carrying out the practical driving test, and theory test to allow residents to obtain their full licence. The theory test is the same as the rest of the UK, and is set by the DVSA. Practical driving tests follow a similar format to the rest of the UK, however, some aspects of the test are different and the DVA can change it at any time.
The DVA also carry out vehicle MOT testing, unlike in Great Britain, vehicles requiring MOT/PSV testing must attend a DVA MOT centre. The DVA currently operate 15 centres across Northern Ireland
## Driver and Vehicle Licensing {#driver_and_vehicle_licensing}
The DVA is responsible for driver licensing in Northern Ireland, as this is a devolved matter, and issues both provisional and full driving licences.
Any licence issued by the DVA is a UK driving licence, and is treated exactly the same as a GB licence.
Unlike the DVLA, the DVA still issues paper counterparts with all versions of the NI driving licence.
## Previous Responsibilities {#previous_responsibilities}
Prior to 2014, the DVA was also responsible for vehicle registration and vehicle tax. This responsibility was transferred to the DVLA. Personalised (private) registrations must now be purchased through the DVLA directly, and customers are recommended to tax their vehicles online.
Customers can still tax their vehicles in person at a Post Office branch in Northern Ireland
| 309 |
Driver and Vehicle Agency
| 0 |
11,001,591 |
# Alexander Bishop House
The **Alexander Bishop House**, sometimes called the Donelson-Bishop House, is a historic home located in the Powell community of Knox County, Tennessee, United States. Built in 1793 by pioneer Stockley Donelson (1753--1804), the house is one of the oldest in Knox County. Alexander Bishop, the house\'s namesake, purchased it in 1856, and his descendants have maintained it ever since. In 1997, the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places as an example of late eighteenth-century architecture and for its role in the region\'s settlement.
The house is a notable surviving example of a late eighteenth century double-pen long house. The oldest part of the house still contains several features common to early frontier houses, such as full dovetail joints, fireplaces with stone foundations, boxed stairs, and broad floorboards. The house was originally oriented toward old Jacksboro Pike, which passed through the area roughly along what is now Pedigo Road. Sometime after 1825, the house was combined with an adjacent log house. The clapboard siding was added by Bishop during the latter half of the nineteenth century.
Stockley Donelson, the house\'s builder, was the son of Middle Tennessee pioneer John Donelson, and brother of Rachel Jackson, wife of Andrew Jackson. In 1796, Donelson sold the house to early Knoxville surveyor Charles McClung. McClung sold the house to Mrs. Charles Curd in 1825, and her family in turn sold the house to Bishop in 1856. Bishop moved to Texas in 1879, and the house was given to his son
| 254 |
Alexander Bishop House
| 0 |
11,001,625 |
# 2001 Amstel Gold Race
The **2001 Amstel Gold Race** was the 36th edition of the annual Amstel Gold Race road bicycle race, held on Sunday April 28, 2001 in the Limburg province, The Netherlands. The race stretched 257 kilometres, with the start and finish in Maastricht. There were a total of 190 competitors, with 37 finishing the race.
## Result
Cyclist Team Time
---- ------------------------------------------------------- ------ ---------
1
2 `{{flagathlete|[[Lance Armstrong]]|USA}}`{=mediawiki} s.t.
3 \+ 17\"
4 s.t.
5 s.t.
6 \+ 20\"
7 s.t.
8 s.t.
9 s.t.
10 s.t
| 91 |
2001 Amstel Gold Race
| 0 |
11,001,644 |
# John Inglis (footballer, born 1966)
**John Inglis** (born 16 October 1966) is a Scottish former professional footballer.
He began his career as a professional footballer in 1983. He played the majority of his career with Scottish Premier League clubs St Johnstone and Aberdeen. He won the Scottish League Cup with the latter in 1996. He moved to Levski Sofia, becoming the first Scot to play in the A PFG, and then winning the League and Cup double in 1999--2000.
Following his retirement, Inglis remained in Bulgaria and became an agent. He took his football agents license in Bulgaria and holds an agents license 0032 with the Bulgarian BFU
| 109 |
John Inglis (footballer, born 1966)
| 0 |
11,001,686 |
# Albert Johnson (jockey)
**Albert M. Johnson** (November 18, 1900 - September 18, 1966) was an American Hall of Fame jockey and trainer. Born in the rural community of Milan, Washington, Albert Johnson began his career in 1917 at Playfair Race Track in nearby Spokane.
Owner/trainer Stuart Polk recognized Johnson\'s potential and signed him to a contract. A year later, Polk sold Johnson\'s contract for a reported \$15,000 to California horseman John H. Rosseter. The astute Polk would then sign another future Hall of Famer, Laverne Fator and in 1920 his brother Mark Fator who would become the 1922 American National Champion jockey by wins.
Albert Johnson\'s success at local racetracks led to a move to tracks in the New York City area where he was the principal jockey for Morvich in his undefeated two-year-old season in 1921 and with whom he won the 1922 Kentucky Derby. Johnson was hired by prominent owner/breeder Willis Sharpe Kilmer, whose racing stable had included Sun Briar and Exterminator. Riding for Kilmer brought Albert Johnson rode Exterminator to a number of important wins and ended 1922 as the United States Champion Jockey by earnings.
In all, Albert Johnson won four American Classic Races. In 1925, riding for Glen Riddle Farm, he won the Belmont Stakes aboard a son of Man o\' War named American Flag. The following year Johnson won his second Kentucky Derby on Col. Edward R. Bradley\'s colt, Bubbling Over. Back in New York a few weeks later, he won his second straight Belmont Stakes for Glen Riddle Farm with Crusader, another colt sired by Man o\' War. In the Preakness Stakes, Johnson had five career mounts with his best finish a fourth in 1926 and again in 1929.
Fighting to maintain his weight, in 1929 Johnson traveled to France where he rode in steeplechase races that accommodate heavier weight limits for jockeys. Returning home, he turned to training and in the mid-1930s was hired by longtime friend Bing Crosby to help condition horses for his Binglin Stable partnership. In 1937, Johnson was the trainer of record for Crosby\'s High Strike that won the Chula Vista Handicap.
Johnson went on to work as a timer at various major racetracks in California and was living in Millbrae at the time of his death in 1966. In 1971 he was inducted in the United States\' Racing Hall of Fame, the Washington Racing Hall of Fame in 2006, and in 2018, the State of Washington Sports Hall of Fame
| 414 |
Albert Johnson (jockey)
| 0 |
11,001,704 |
# Caswell–Taylor House
The **Caswell--Taylor House** was a historic home located at 803 North Fourth Avenue in the Fourth and Gill neighborhood of Knoxville, Tennessee. It is also known as **The Governor\'s House**, as it was the home of Governor Robert Love Taylor for several years.
The house included a variety of architectural styles, including Queen Anne, Late Victorian and Eastlake. The property, a private residence, was on the National Register of Historic Places
| 74 |
Caswell–Taylor House
| 0 |
11,001,734 |
# Brambles Farm Peace Camp
The **Brambles Farm Peace Camp** was a peace camp set up in the Spring of 1982 on farmland at Waterlooville, Hampshire by local residents and peace campaigners to protest at and to disrupt the planned construction of a torpedo factory on the site. The demonstrators occupied the land for 10 weeks before being evicted in September of that year. The site was soon re-occupied for a short time although this was short-lived and the peace camp folded soon after. The Torpedo Town Festival was born out of the camp and was held at various locations, wandering from Hampshire to as far away as Wales, until the early nineties
| 113 |
Brambles Farm Peace Camp
| 0 |
11,001,794 |
# Daniel House (Knoxville, Tennessee)
The **Daniel House** is a historic home located at 2701 Woodson Drive in Knoxville, Tennessee. It was designed in 1948--1949 by James W. Fitzgibbon, and constructed by George W. Qualls.
The structure was uniquely built into a hillside from salvaged Quonset hut structural supports. The Daniels sold it to Neal Cantrell in 1961. Cantrell died in 1970 and his family let the property deteriorate. In 1982, architect Peter Calandruccio bought it for \$37,000 and began renovation. In 1986, *Fine Homebuilding* magazine published Calandruccio\'s extensive account of the renovations.
Donald Renfroe bought it for \$175,000 in 1993. Previous owner Alexis Walsh owned the home since purchasing it from Johnny Miller in July 2008, and subsequently it was renovated again, including the installation of a new roof. It was sold in 2015 to Candace Avery who is the current owner.
The house was designed in the *Moderne* architectural style (as opposed to Modern Architecture). Its use of indigenous East Tennessee materials and its Streamline Moderne style have been described as \"distinctive\". It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998
| 186 |
Daniel House (Knoxville, Tennessee)
| 0 |
11,001,870 |
# Evans Brothers (Nigeria Publishers) Limited
**Evans Brothers (Nigeria Publishers) Limited** is a Nigerian educational publisher that publishes textbook titles for all levels of education.
## History
In 1945 the British publishing firm Evans Brothers Limited \"hired a consultant to come out to Nigeria and research the book needs of the then British colony of Nigeria\". That consultant was Dr. L. C. Larcombe and following his trip, he wrote *Larcombe's Progressive Arithmetic* (Lower, Middle and Upper Standard), a textbook series that came to dominate the primary arithmetic market in Nigeria in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s.
With the success of this series and other publications such as *Civics for Self Government* by J. R. Bunting, Evans Brothers decided to send resident representatives to Nigeria to promote the interests of the company. The first of these was Ove Stentort who set up base in the university town of Ibadan.
In the 1960s with education growing in importance in Nigeria, Evans Brothers decided to set up a more targeted form of publishing in the country with better marketing and distribution. Then in December 1966 they set up a full-fledged Nigerian firm which was incorporated under the name of Evans Brothers (Nigeria Publishers) Limited, with Joop Berkhout as its pioneer managing director.
A major restructuring of the new company took place following the promulgation of the Nigerian Enterprises Promotion Decree of 1972 (also known as the indigenization decree) under which it \"became mandatory for a minimum of 40% of the equity of companies to be owned by Nigerians\".
Susanah O. Tomomowo-ayodele has described Evans Brothers (Nigeria Publishers) Limited as \"Nigeria\'s leading educational publisher\". It publishes a range of educational textbooks and learning materials (nursery, primary and secondary levels) along with some fiction and general publications. Textbooks from the firm occupy a commanding position in fields such as basic technology
| 306 |
Evans Brothers (Nigeria Publishers) Limited
| 0 |
11,001,880 |
# General John T. Wilder House
The **General John T. Wilder House** is a historic home located at 2027 Riverside Drive in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. It was constructed by Union General John T. Wilder, leader of the 17th Indiana Volunteers (Lightning Brigade) who fought in the Civil War Battle of Chickamauga.
General Wilder built the home in 1904, presumably as a summer home since he already owned a home in the Fort Sanders neighborhood of Knoxville. The home is on the National Register of Historic Places.
He was appointed by four U.S. Presidents (Grant, McKinley, Roosevelt and Taft) to administer pensions in East Tennessee. Along with his friend, Capt. Hiram S. Chamberlain of Knox County, he also purchased over 700 acres of land in Roane County, Tennessee. They founded Rockwood, Tennessee, and the Roane Iron Company. He also had interests in cement, mining and banking around Knoxville, as well as a hotel atop Roan Mountain, Tennessee
| 157 |
General John T. Wilder House
| 0 |
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