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# Ken Turner (director)
**Kenneth Turner** (fl. 1966) is a British television and film director who worked extensively on series created by Gerry Anderson. After serving as assistant director on the film *Thunderbirds Are Go* (1966), he directed various episodes of *Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons* (1967--68), *Joe 90* (1968--69) and *UFO* (1970--71). He made his film directorial debut with *The Love Pill* (1971), a sex comedy featuring Henry Woolf.
He later collaborated with David Mitton, a future director on *Thomas & Friends*, to establish their own company, Clearwater Films, from which they started to make TV advertisements using stop-motion animation. After Turner left the company, Mitton teamed up with director Robert D. Cardona to change the name to Clearwater Features, the production company behind the first two seasons of *Thomas* and its spin-off, *Tugs*
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# John O'Connor (North Kildare MP)
**John O\'Connor** `{{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KC}}`{=mediawiki} (10 October 1850 -- 27 October 1928) was an Irish Nationalist revolutionary-turned Irish Parliamentary Party parliamentarian MP in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and as member of the Irish Parliamentary Party represented Tipperary in 1885, and South Tipperary from 1885 to 1892, and North Kildare from 1905 to 1918. He was also member of the English Bar.
He was called to the English Bar in 1893 and after his final parliamentary defeat, aged nearly 70, became a King\'s Counsel (KC) in 1919. \'Six foot six of treason felony\' he was commonly known as \"Long John\" because of his great height -- he measured at least 6 ft 6in in height.
He was the son of William O\'Connor and Julia Corbet, both fluent Irish speakers, and was educated by the Christian Brothers at Cork. Other details of his early life given in the official obituary in *The Times* were disputed by the historian Denis Gwynn, apparently without resolution. Thus it is not clear whether he was born in Mallow or in Blarney Lane in Cork city. Although he certainly started his working life in boyhood as some sort of traveller, it is not clear whether he was a van-boy for a local firm of wine merchants, John Daly & Co. of North Main Street, Cork, or a commercial traveller for Sir John Arnott\'s drapery establishment. He certainly joined the Fenian movement, and *The Times* stated that he used his travels in rural Co. Cork to promote the organisation.
O\'Connor\'s role in the 1867 Fenian Rising is disputed, but he certainly maintained the confidence of the Fenian leadership afterwards. According to Gwynn, he was imprisoned at least five times as a result of his republican activities, and also went to the US as an Irish Fenian delegate in 1874.
A political turning-point came when the constitutional Home Rule League leader Charles Stewart Parnell came on a visit to Cork. O\'Connor was credited with a leading part in a plot laid by Fenians to kidnap Parnell when his train stopped at Blarney station for ticket collecting. A strong party of Fenians, armed with revolvers, gathered on the platform at Blarney. However, suspicions were aroused and the train went by without stopping. When he reached Cork, Parnell had a meeting with leading Fenians, and secured the active support of some and neutrality of the rest.
In January 1885, Parnell chose O\'Connor as his nominee for a parliamentary by-election for Tipperary, and secured his selection at the Party convention over a strongly supported local candidate. O\'Connor was returned unopposed. At the December 1885 general election, O\'Connor stood for the new South Tipperary seat, defeating a Conservative by a margin of almost 30 to 1. He was subsequently returned unopposed at the election of 1886.
When the Irish Parliamentary Party split over Parnell\'s leadership in December 1890, O\'Connor was one of Parnell\'s strongest supporters. In the week-long debate in Committee Room 15 of the House of Commons, O\'Connor played a prominent role, particularly on the last day when he moved a resolution critical of Gladstone\'s continued insistence on Parnell\'s removal from the leadership.
At the subsequent general election in 1892, O\'Connor stood as a for the Parnellite Irish National League but lost his seat to candidate for the Anti-Parnellite Irish National Federation by a margin of more than 3 to 1. At the same election, he also fought Kilkenny City, losing to the Anti-Parnellite candidate by the much narrower margin of 45 to 55 per cent. He remained out of the House of Commons for 13 years. During this time he trained as a barrister at the Middle Temple in London, and was called to the English Bar in 1893. He served as a member of the Royal Commission for the British Section of the Chicago Exhibition, 1893, and a member of the Council of the Royal Society of Arts, and was later chairman of the New Central Omnibus Co. and a Director of the London Central Motor Omnibus Co.
In February 1905 he was returned unopposed for North Kildare, which had become vacant on the death of his fellow Parnellite Edmund Leamy. Thereafter he was returned unopposed until the 1918 general election, when he was defeated by the Sinn Féin candidate Daniel Buckley ( later the last Governor-General of the Irish Free State) by more than 2 to 1.
He was a Prior of the Johnson Club and in 1911 read a paper on \'Dr Johnson and Ireland\'. Among O\'Connor\'s achievements as an Irish Nationalist MP was obtaining an annual grant for the teaching of Irish in schools. Before the start of the First World War, when the leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party, John Redmond, was having difficulty in establishing military credibility for the Irish Volunteers, O\'Connor went with Tom Kettle to Belgium, at Redmond\'s request, and purchased several thousand rifles for the use of the Volunteers.
O\'Connor was a popular figure in the House of Commons and had a very courtly manner. *The Times* said that he had close friendships with Lord Loreburn, anti-imperialist Liberal Lord Chancellor, and with Sir John Brunner, although it does not indicate whether the latter was the first baronet or the second baronet. Both baronets were Liberal MPs during O\'Connor\'s time in Parliament. According to *The Times*, O\'Connor was unmarried. Maume (1999), however, citing manuscripts in the Redmond papers in the National Library of Ireland, says that at the time of his first election at North Kildare he had an estranged wife who was suing him for maintenance and whom he intended to divorce.
O\'Connor was the inspiration for Sebastian Moran, in Conan Doyle\'s Sherlock Holmes stories. Moran was second in command to the Napoleon of Crime, Professor Moriarty. The mutinous Royal Mallows regiment in Doyle\'s 1896 short story, \'The Green Flag\', is based on the Connaught Rangers. Mallows is a nod to O\'Connor\'s birthplace
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# Space Lords
***Space Lords*** is a video game released in arcades by Atari Games in 1992. It is a first-person perspective space combat video game.
It is a multiplayer game that can have up to two players per screen: a pilot (primary player) and a copilot (secondary player). Each cabinet has two screens. Two cabinets can be connected by a link cable for a total of four screens with potentially eight players. A single cabinet has a red ship on one screen and a green ship on the other. A second cabinet connected to the first has a blue ship and a yellow ship.
## Gameplay
To play, a player first starts the game as the pilot of the ship. A second player can then join as a co-pilot. The pilot controls the speed and direction of the ship as well as firing lasers and bombs across the screen. The \"Hyperspace\" control can be used to dodge such weapons. The co-pilot, if playing, can act as a gunner. The co-pilot has a targeting reticle used to fire off-center at targets of opportunity. The targeting reticle does not remain stationary relative to the player\'s ship, but stationary relative to the surroundings, which means that it goes to the edge of the screen as soon as the player\'s ship makes a turn if the co-pilot does not compensate. The addition of a co-pilot enables the \"Cloak\" button and adds one extra bomb and one extra hyperspace for the ship.
The ship\'s \"hit points\" are represented by \"Energy\", which slowly depletes as the game progresses, even if the player does nothing. Time, cloaking, and taking damage all deplete Energy. When the Energy bar reaches zero, the ship is destroyed, the defeated player loses one \"life\", and they return to the game\'s main menu. In the case of the ship being destroyed by enemy fire, the game announces what race or opposing player has killed the player. At the end of missions, Energy replenishes, but if a player wishes to stay alive they must destroy opposing ships to salvage Energy from them. Depending on the settings on individual machines, players start with anywhere from one (default) to four lives, with an additional life added for having a co-pilot. If the last life is lost, the player has an option to insert more credits to continue the game.
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# Space Lords
## Gameplay
### Controls
On each side of the game\'s cabinet is one throttle control with a button, a cyclic joystick for the pilot, and a single additional button for the pilot. In addition, there is another cyclic joystick for the co-pilot/gunner and two additional buttons. Each joystick has a trigger and thumb button. What they do differs depending on the player\'s role.
#### Pilot
Joystick: Flight control
Trigger: Fires forward laser as long as it is held.
Thumb button: Fires a bomb in whichever direction the viewpoint is facing.
Throttle: Speed control (ships follow inertial rules; simply releasing the throttle does not stop the ship); variable speed, forward and reverse.
Thumb button: Reverse view as long as button is held.
Hyperspace button: Press for rapid relocation to another spot in the arena; costs the ship one Hyperspace use.
\
Co-pilot
: Joystick: Targeting reticle control; the gunner can shoot off-center at targets on the screen.
: Trigger: Fires secondary laser in whichever direction the reticle is aiming as long as the trigger is held.
: Thumb button: Fires a bomb in whichever direction the reticle is aiming.
: Hyperspace button: Press for rapid relocation to another spot in the arena.
: Cloak button: Makes the ship nearly impossible to see, at the cost of Energy. This button only works if a credit is inserted for a co-pilot.
: Pressing Hyperspace and Cloak together: Both cloaks the ship and boosts its speed to roughly double normal speed, but at a drastic cost in Energy. This use of the Hyperspace button does not cost the ship a Hyperspace use.
## Setting
The game is played in an \"arena\". Each arena in the game is spherical and traveling long enough in one direction brings a player back to the spot they started from. Arenas have two environmental elements: nebulae and asteroids.
Players can hide in nebulae to be undetectable on opponent players\' radars. The computer-controlled ships are also fooled by this. The player in the nebula, however, has his own radar jammed, so they can not see what is approaching. The nebulae does not stop lasers. When hiding like this, the player\'s Energy stores do not regenerate.
Asteroids are massive spheres of rock which stops a ship and deals damage in the process. They stop lasers (though not the blast radius of a bomb), and so are the only \"cover\" in the game.
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# Space Lords
## Modes
When the game begins, players choose whether they wish to fight head-to-head, cooperative against computer-controlled ships identical to the players\', enter a general melee, fight through missions, or modify their ship. Defeated players need to add more credits in order to continue if they\'ve lost all their lives.
In Team mode, up to four player-controlled ships enter the combat area and fight to the death, either against each other or against computer-controlled ships identical to the players\' ships. Once all enemies are destroyed, the player(s) return to the main menu. The number of computer-controlled ships increase each time players defeat the Team arena and re-enter in the same game. A solo player may also fight the computer-controlled ships in this mode if they desire.
In the Melee mode, the player(s) are put into an arena with any number of the computer-controlled races (but no ships like the players\' except those of the players themselves). In Melee mode, it is \"every man for himself\", with the computer-controlled races even fighting each other. Once a player enters the arena, they are there until they die; nothing else returns them to the main menu. Upon dying, if the player still has lives remaining, they may reenter the arena if they wish. Destroying the computer-controlled ships in this mode simply \"spawns\" more ships to fight.
In the Mission mode, a single player ship is made to fight the eight alien races. Each mission requires the player to kill a certain number of the enemy. The higher a player\'s overall score is, the more enemies he has to kill. Each alien race has certain attributes similar to the player\'s ship.
*Attribute* Troids Hydrus Raptor Octons Noptera Naqar Krystar Xyclops
------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------- ------- --------- ---------
Speed X X X
Hyperspace X X
Bombs X X X X X
Aft View X X
Agility X X X
Cloak X X
The first mission is against the easiest of the enemies, the Troids. They are slow, have no bombs, and no hyperspace capability. The next is against the Hydrus. Their tactics are similar to the Troids\', but if the player fires a bomb at a Hydra squadron, it will Hyperspace away. Other enemies include the Raptors, who rely heavily on bombs of their own, the Octons, the Noptera, the Naqar, the Krystar (who are the fastest enemies in the game), and eventually the ultimate enemy race, the Xyclops. After each mission, the player returns to the main menu. Choosing \"Missions\" again from there takes the player to the next mission.
After facing each of the eight races in their own missions, in the next six missions two alien races team up, which the player fights simultaneously. The final mission pits the player against all eight races at once. Finishing that mission ends the game and, if the player\'s score is high enough, takes them to the high score board to enter their name. Only by playing through all 15 missions can a player enter his name on the high score board, even though scores are kept for all combat arenas.
## Features
In the \"Modify\" screen, a player can modify the number of bombs and \"Hyperspace\" uses he carries. The game imposes a 10-second time limit on modifications.
In the arenas, each enemy appears as a squadron of one to three ships. Destroying the last ship in a squadron (or a player-controlled ship) produces a power-up satellite which supplies more Energy, bombs, Hyperspace uses, or an extra life.
The game is programmed with a computer-generated voice, which serves as the player\'s on-board assistant, and often relays important alerts and messages.
Scoring is handled on a \"ranking\" basis. On a player\'s first life, each single kill is worth one rank point, with bonus kills for three or more simultaneous kills. Three alien ships destroyed at once yields a single bonus kill. The bonuses increase as more ships are killed with a single shot, up to the maximum of 56 bonus kills.
If a player continues the game after he loses their last life, they lose 20% of their total ranking and from that point on, each of their kills are worth less points. A player can finish the game after continuing several times, but would have a score around 300 or lower. Ranks are also granted based on the player\'s score. The ranks in the game are Cadet, Corporal, Lieutenant, Captain, Admiral, and Space Lord. The perfect score in the game (which yields the rank of \"Space Lord\") is 999.9.
## Reception
*RePlay* reported *Space Lords* to be the seventh most-popular upright arcade game at the time
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# Manuel García Prieto, Marquis of Alhucemas
**Manuel García Prieto, 1st Marquis of Alhucemas** (5 November 1859 -- 8 March 1938) was a Spanish politician who served as prime minister several times in his life and as the 30th Solicitor General of Spain. He was a member of the Liberal Party. During his last term, he was deposed by Miguel Primo de Rivera.
## Biography
Born on 5 November 1859 in Astorga, province of León. Formed in the law firm of Eugenio Montero Ríos, García Prieto entered the former\'s *cacique* network and married one of his daughters, María Victoria.
Following the assassination of Prime Minister José Canalejas in 1912, and the ensuing factional division within the Liberal Party, García-Prieto led the so-called *demócrata* (\"democratic\") minority, rival of the *romanonista* majority.
On 27 November 1912, he and French ambassador to Spain Léon Geoffray signed the Treaty between France and Spain regarding Morocco, which established *de jure* Spanish zones of influence in northern and southern Morocco, both zones already under *de facto* Spanish control, while France remained the primary colonial power as the sole non-Moroccan state signatory of the 1912 Treaty of Fes.
Within the cadres of the Liberal party, the Marquis of Alhucemas espoused just like Miguel Villanueva the policy of neutrality of Spain during World War I, forcing pro-ally Romanones to resign as Prime Minister in 1917.
He died in San Sebastián on 8 March 1938
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# Cleveland Winslow
**Cleveland Winslow** (May 26, 1836 -- July 7, 1864) was a United States Army officer who served with the 5th New York Volunteer Infantry, otherwise known as the famed Duryee\'s Zouaves, during the American Civil War. He was also a participant in the New York Draft Riots in 1863. Although a charismatic and courageous battlefield commander (and noted for his fondness of flamboyant uniforms), he was reputed to be a strict disciplinarian generally considered to be unpopular with the lower ranking soldiers.
## Early life and career {#early_life_and_career}
Born in Medford, Massachusetts, as the eldest son of Reverend Dr. Gordon Winslow and Katherine G. Fish, he served in the New York State Militia prior to enlisting in the Union Army after hostilities began between Union and Confederate forces in early 1861 (his father, Gordon Winslow would also enlist in the 5th Infantry as a regimental chaplain while his younger brother, Gordon Winslow, Jr., would join the unit later on as a lieutenant).
## Civil War {#civil_war}
### Early war years {#early_war_years}
Assigned to the 5th New York Volunteer Infantry, Winslow initially served as captain of Company K and Company E, before assuming command from Hiram Duryea shortly before Second Battle of Bull Run. He would later command the regiment during the Seven Days Campaign as well as engagements during Antietam although his regiment was largely held in reserve aside from taking part in minor skirmishes. Following these battles, Winslow rapidly rose through the ranks, being promoted to major on September 24, 1862, and colonel on December 4, 1862.
### New York City Draft Riots {#new_york_city_draft_riots}
Returning to New York in May 1863, the original regiment was mustered out after its two-year enlistment period. However, after having subsequently reorganized the 5th New York Infantry as a veteran battalion on May 25, Winslow was recalled to New York City to suppress the New York City draft riots the following month.
Commanding a small force consisting of 50 men from his regiment as well as 200 volunteers under a Major Robinson and two howitzers under Col. E.E. Jardine, Winslow was one of many infantry forces overwhelmed by the rioters and, despite artillery support, was forced to retreat after engaging a large mob numbering an estimated 3,000 rioters in house to house fighting along First Avenue between 18th and 19th Streets.
### Cold Harbor and Death {#cold_harbor_and_death}
After several months of garrison duty while stationed in Alexandria, Virginia, Winslow and his battalion was assigned to the V Corps attached to the Army of the Potomac and gradually brought up to full strength and later led the New York 5th Infantry in its final campaign at the Battle of Chancellorsville. During the Battle of Cold Harbor, Winslow suffered a severe shoulder wound while rallying his soldiers at Bethesda Church on June 2, 1864.
Escorted by his father Gordon Winslow, then a representative of the United States Sanitary Commission to the Army of the Potomac, Winslow was brought back to Alexandria on a hospital steamer (during which time, the elder Winslow drowned after falling off the steamer) and eventually died of his wounds at the Mansion House hospital on July 7, 1864.
Winslow is portrayed by Stan McGee in the 2007 film *Red Legged Devils*
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# Dona Ana Bridge
The **Dona Ana Bridge** spans the lower Zambezi River between the towns of Vila de Sena and Mutarara in Mozambique, effectively linking the two halves of the country. It was originally constructed as a railway bridge to link Malawi and the Moatize coal fields to the port of Beira.
## History
The British South Africa Company had a concession from the Portuguese government to build a railway from Dondo, Mozambique on the main railway line from Beira, Mozambique to Rhodesia. In 1912 the Nyasaland government agreed to give financial assistance to British South Africa Company to build the 61 mi Central African Railway from Nsanje, the southern terminus of the Shire Highlands Railway to the north bank of the Zambezi at Chindio. This line was completed in 1914 and, at first, river steamers went from Chindio to Chinde on the Indian Ocean. From Chinde, the sea-going lighters continued to Beira, Mozambique. It took two to three weeks to move goods from Blantyre to Beira, involved three transhipments and exposed goods to the risk of water damage.
In 1922, the Trans-Zambezia Railway Company completed a line from Beira to Murracca on the Zambezi, opposite Chindio, so there was an almost-complete rail link from Blantyre to Beira except for the short river crossing by ferry. This was inconvenient because the capacity of the ferry depended on the river depth. For two months in the dry season, the river was low and wet-season floods often washed parts of the track away. In 1927, the British government commissioned a report on building a Zambezi bridge.
The Hammond Report proposed that a Zambezi bridge be built at Mutarara, 25 mi upriver of Chindio. The cost of the Zambezi Bridge was estimated at £1.06 million. Eliminating the handling at the ferry and increased traffic were expected to pay the annual interest and create a sinking fund to repay the construction loans. The final cost for the Zambezi Bridge was £1.74 million and it never generated sufficient traffic to pay the interest charge, much less repay the loans raised to build it.
The 3.67 km Dona Ana Bridge was at that time the longest railway bridge in Africa. The bridge comprises 33 spans of 80 m and 7 spans of 50 m. Built by the Portuguese in 1934 during the Portuguese rule of Mozambique, it was rendered unusable in the 1980s, during the Mozambican Civil War. USAID assisted with the repairs and it was converted to a single-lane bridge for vehicle traffic.
Although not located on a primary highway, it provided an alternative route over the Zambezi. The other two options were the bridge at Tete and the former road ferry at Caia which was not always reliable. The Dona Ana Bridge is the longest bridge across the Zambezi and it was the last downstream bridge before the construction of the Armando Emilio Guebuza Bridge in 2009.
The bridge was completely closed to vehicular traffic in October 2006 for rehabilitation and re-conversion to a rail bridge and was reopened as a rail bridge in 2009. In 2017, it underwent renovation, particularly to its pedestrian lane, used by over 3,000 people daily.
## Gallery
Dona Ana Bridge Moz.jpg Sena Bridge Following 2000 Floods (5687097826).jpg\|Destroyed by flood waters, 2000 The National Archives UK - CO 1069-105-13
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# Arctic Aircraft
\_\_NOTOC\_\_ The **Arctic Aircraft Company** was founded in Anchorage, Alaska by Bill Diehl in 1975 to produce an updated version of the Interstate Cadet light aircraft as the Arctic Tern. In 1985, the company closed down, and rights to the aircraft went to the Interstate Aircraft Company
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# Aleksey Nikiforov
**Aleksey Nikiforov** (born 27 April 1957) is a Lithuanian ice hockey coach and former player for Dinamo Riga. He is the father of Quad City Storm winger Vladimir Nikiforov. He resides on Long Island and coaches in Hauppauge, New York.
## Early life {#early_life}
Nikiforov was born in 1957 in Vilnius, Lithuania, to a military family. They later relocated to Riga, Latvia, and there he started playing ice hockey around the age of 7. Nikiforov\'s first ice hockey stick \"consisted of two broken pieces his father scavenged from a local rink and screwed, then taped together.\" His skates \"were bought by his mother on the Soviet Union\'s black market.\"
During his time in Riga, Nikiforov played for Dinamo Riga from the peewee age bracket up to the elite level. He eventually made the junior national team and played briefly at a professional level before recognizing that his future lay in coaching.
## Coaching career {#coaching_career}
In 1980, Nikiforov moved back to Vilnius and took up a coaching position in the town of Elektrėnai. During his time coaching in Lithuania, he was instrumental in the development of Dainius Zubrus and Darius Kasparaitis, who would go on to play in the NHL. In 1987, Nikiforov was invited to attend a coaching development program in Moscow, which was led by ice hockey legend Anatoly Tarasov.
By 1991, Nikiforov had immigrated to the United States, settling on Long Island with his wife, while his parents cared for his two young children in Minsk. He took construction work in Manhattan, until a short coaching stint with Roger Neilson of the New York Rangers, after which he was offered a position at the Rinx, a large recreation complex on Long Island in the town of Hauppague, New York, by Gerry Hart, a former player for the New York Islanders. He was initially employed as a handy man but eventually given the chance to run clinics for students on the ice each morning.
At the Rinx, Nikiforov coached a number of teams, including the PAL Jr. Islanders 16U AAA team and the New York Bobcats of the Atlantic Junior Hockey League. Nikiforov\'s work at PAL Ice Hockey included a stint as the skills and development coach for the organization. Nikiforov also runs ice hockey camp and clinics at the Rinx.
Although much of his time since the 1980s has been spent in the United States, Nikiforov has frequently returned to Lithuania, and in 2017 and 2018 he was the head coach of the Lithuanian U18 National Team and the head coach of the U20 National Team in 2019.
## Notable students {#notable_students}
Over the years, Nikiforov has coached a number of notable ice hockey players: `{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
* [[Matt Gilroy]]<ref name=":2" />
* [[Chris Higgins (ice hockey)|Chris Higgins]]<ref name=":2" />
* [[Mike Komisarek]]<ref name=":2" />
* [[Rob Scuderi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pinchevsky|first=Tal|date=2012-06-14|title=Russian coach celebrates Scuderi's second Cup|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/russian-coach-celebrates-scuderis-second-cup/c-634772|url-status=live|access-date=2020-09-29|website=NHL.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703030252/https://www.nhl
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# Joseph Melrose
**Joseph H. Melrose Jr.** (December 26, 1944 -- November 8, 2014) was an American diplomat who served as United States Ambassador to Sierra Leone during the final years of the Sierra Leone Civil War. He helped broker the Lomé Peace Accord which brought an end to hostilities, and he worked to expose the role of blood diamonds in financing armed conflict in Africa.
## Career
Melrose joined the Foreign Service in 1969 and began with overseas assignments to Vietnam and Syria. He served as Consul General in Karachi, Pakistan when President Zia and U.S. Ambassador Arnold Raphel died in a plane crash, and he was Deputy Chief of Mission in Lagos, Nigeria, from 1995 to 1998. As a career foreign service officer, he held a range of positions, including Executive Director of the Political-Military and Near East and South Asia Bureaus and Vice President of the American Foreign Service Association.
In Sierra Leone, Melrose worked with the Sierra Leonian delegation to get them to agree to the Lomé Peace Talks. Melrose was one of the few diplomats to stay with the US embassy in Freetown after most Americans were evacuated from the capital following the capture of U.N. troops by the RUF.
Melrose was described as \"Mr. Fixit\" and \"the State Department\'s emergency repairman\" by Robert Windrem of NBC News. He headed the Emergency Support Team following the 1998 United States embassy bombings in Nairobi, Kenya, and played a role following the 1983 United States embassy bombing in Beirut. Following his return from Sierra Leone in 2001, he was coordinator for the State Department\'s post-Sept. 11 Task Force.
He retired from the State Department in 2002 and became professor of politics and international relations at Ursinus College, his alma mater. In his post-foreign service career, he became a Senior Consultant in the Office of the Secretary of State\'s Coordinator for Counterterrorism and served as the Acting U.S. Representative for Management and Reform to the United Nations at the United States Mission. In late 2006, he became a Senior Advisor to the U.S. Delegation to the 61st U.N. General Assembly, continuing this role in the 62nd and 63rd assemblies. In 2008, he was a Senior Consultant to the UN Special Court for Sierra Leone studying transition plans for the Court.
His awards include the Ursinus College H. Lloyd Jones Award for distinguished advising and mentoring, the Department of State\'s Distinguished Honor Award and Superior Honor Award, the Secretary of State\'s Career Achievement Award, and the Presidential Distinguished Service Award. In 2016, Ursinus College announced the establishment of the Melrose Center for Global Civic Engagement in his honor.
Melrose earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Ursinus College in 1966 and a Master of Arts degree from Temple University in 1969. He received an honorary degree in Democratic and Human Rights studies from Hilla University in Iraq and an honorary Doctor of Laws from Ursinus College. He has also studied at the University of Michigan under a National Science Foundation program
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# Murder of Daniel Morcombe
**Daniel James Morcombe** (19 December 1989 -- 7 December 2003) was an Australian boy who was abducted from the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, on 7 December 2003 when he was 13 years old. Eight years later, Brett Peter Cowan (born 18 September 1969), a former Sunshine Coast resident, was charged with Morcombe\'s murder. In the same month, DNA tests confirmed bones in the Glass House Mountains were Morcombe\'s. On 13 March 2014, Cowan was found guilty of the murder, and was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder, indecently dealing with a child, and interference with a corpse.
## Disappearance
Morcombe was abducted from an unofficial bus stop under the Kiel Mountain Road overpass in the Woombye district of the Sunshine Coast approximately 2 km north of the Big Pineapple on Sunday, 7 December 2003. Witnesses reported seeing Morcombe at approximately 2:10 PM under the overpass. Morcombe planned to catch the 1:35 PM bus to the Sunshine Plaza Shopping Centre for a haircut and to buy Christmas presents, but the bus had broken down. When a replacement bus eventually arrived, it did not stop, because it was behind schedule and the stop was unofficial. The driver radioed the depot for another bus to go and pick up Morcombe. The driver and other witnesses later reported seeing two men near Morcombe. When the second bus arrived three minutes later, Morcombe and the men were gone.
## Investigation
Morcombe\'s disappearance was one of the most extensively investigated crimes in Queensland\'s history. By 12 December 2008, rewards of A\$250,000 from the Government and A\$750,000 donated privately had been offered.
The private reward expired at midnight on 31 May 2009. That day, the Seven Network reported that a known paedophile, Douglas Jackway, could be of interest to the police. Jackway had been released from prison one month before Morcombe\'s disappearance. The Queensland Government came under criticism over Jackway\'s release; independent Queensland MP Peter Wellington claimed the Supreme Court had presented clear evidence of Jackway\'s risk of reoffending. This publicity prompted civil liberties groups to call for laws banning media outlets from naming people linked to criminal cases.
Earlier in the month, a full-size clay model of the man believed to be involved in Morcombe\'s abduction was placed at the spot where he disappeared. Within a few days more than 300 tips were received.
In July 2009, Morcombe\'s parents called for a coronial inquest into his disappearance. Of particular interest to the family were several criminals who had told police they knew who killed Morcombe. A coronial inquest was held between October 2010 and April 2011. The inquest called as witnesses the bus driver who had failed to stop for Morcombe at the overpass, a woman who had seen a man loitering near Morcombe, and several persons of interest.
On 13 August 2011, after an extensive Mr. Big police operation, police took Brett Peter Cowan into custody and charged him with Morcombe\'s murder, child stealing, deprivation of liberty, indecent treatment of a child under 16, interfering with a corpse, and other offences after having led undercover detectives to Morcombe\'s remains. In 2006, Cowan had been interviewed over the Morcombe case and had admitted to police that he travelled along Kiel Mountain Road on his way to purchase marijuana from a drug dealer on the day of the disappearance. Cowan confessed to having seen and approached Morcombe to offer him a lift to the shopping centre, having parked his car in a nearby car-park of the church he attended.
Around this time, a white Mitsubishi Pajero was seized from a property on Russell Island. The vehicle was believed to have been involved in Morcombe\'s abduction after a witness at the coronial inquest reported seeing a vehicle of similar description parked 100 m north of the site where Morcombe was last seen.
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# Murder of Daniel Morcombe
## Investigation
### Remains found {#remains_found}
On 21 August 2011, two shoes and three human bones were found at a search site at Glass House Mountains. The shoes were similar to the ones that Morcombe was wearing when he disappeared. Underpants and a belt were also found. However, Morcombe also owned a distinctive fob style pocket watch with \"Dan\" engraved on it, which has not been found. By the end of the investigation, seventeen bones had been found, including a rib, hip, leg, arm, and vertebrae. They were all confirmed as belonging to Morcombe using DNA from his toothbrush to make the match. As a result of the find, Morcombe\'s funeral was held at Siena Catholic College on 7 December 2012. More than 2,000 people attended it.
## Trial
On 7 February 2014, Cowan was ordered to stand trial. He was charged with murder, indecently dealing with a child under the age of 16, and improperly dealing with a corpse. The trial, at the Supreme Court of Queensland, began on 10 February 2014 under Justice Roslyn Atkinson. The prosecution closed its case on 7 March. 116 witnesses gave evidence, and over 200 exhibits were tendered in evidence. Cowan pleaded not guilty and declined to give evidence.
On 13 March 2014, Cowan was found guilty of all charges. Cowan had two previous convictions for child sex offences. On 14 March 2014, he was sentenced to life in prison with the possibility of parole after 20 years. He was also sentenced to three-and-a-half years\' imprisonment for indecently dealing with Morcombe, and two years for interfering with his corpse, those sentences to be served concurrently. Judge Roslyn Atkinson said \"I don\'t think you should be released in 20 years\' time\". Cowan appealed his sentence to the Queensland Court of Appeal, under Justice Margaret McMurdo, seeking to have his conviction overturned. His legal team argued \"\... that the confession elicited through an undercover sting by police was inadmissible as evidence at trial\". On 21 May 2015, Cowan\'s appeal was dismissed. The former Queensland Attorney-General Jarrod Bleijie had appealed to have Cowan\'s 20-year minimum sentence increased. This was also dismissed.
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# Murder of Daniel Morcombe
## Impact
### The Daniel Morcombe Foundation {#the_daniel_morcombe_foundation}
The Morcombe family started the \"Daniel Morcombe Foundation\", and put its resources into keeping Morcombe\'s disappearance in the public eye and trying to find out what happened to their son. The foundation is committed to educating children about personal safety, and to raising awareness throughout Australia of the dangers of predatory criminals. These efforts are supported by the Australian media, especially on each anniversary of Morcombe\'s disappearance when a \"Day for Daniel\" is held to promote awareness of the vulnerability of children. An accompanying event is the \"Ride for Daniel\", which covers 50 km of the Sunshine Coast, held each year since 2005.
In 2015, Bruce Morcombe spoke to the family of another missing child, William Tyrrell, and warned them that psychics would descend on them with \"bizarre and offbeat \... distracting information\". He called it distressing and said that although they received hundreds of leads telling them that there was a \"shed or a water tank\", none were of any help, but still couldn\'t be ignored in case they included a \"disguised confession\". Capturing data from CCTV and ATM cameras was more helpful, as once the police have a person of interest it may help disprove an alibi. Morcombe\'s advice was to \"remain positive, that\'s all you can do, the police will be working hard, they want to solve it as well\".
### Media
Morcombe\'s murder was the focus of the *Crime Investigation Australia* season 1 episode \"Tears for Daniel\" aired in 2005. A film based on Morcombe\'s murder, titled *Where is Daniel?*, was planned. Directed by Peter Cousens and cinematography by Dean Cundey. On 2 July 2017, the case was covered by *Casefile True Crime Podcast*.
Morcombe\'s father, Bruce Morcombe, appears in a series six episode of the ABC\'s *You Can\'t Ask That* focused on \"Families of Missing Persons\". In this episode, Morcombe describes the family\'s perspective on the events, as well as the aftermath.
*The Stranger*, a film that fictionalises the undercover police operation to catch the murderer, was released in October 2022. In July 2022, Morcombe\'s parents \"demanded\" that the filmmakers stop using his name to market the film and were upset that they continued to do so
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# Volkan Babacan
**Volkan Babacan** (`{{IPA|tr|voɫkan babadʒan|lang}}`{=mediawiki}; born 11 August 1988) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for İstanbul Başakşehir.
Babacan was a star at the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship, taking Turkey to 3rd place. He made his full international debut on 13 October 2014 in a 1--1 draw away to Latvia in UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying.
## International career {#international_career}
Volkan Babacan was used for most of the UEFA Euro 2016 Qualifying matches, replacing Volkan Demirel after a dispute with the fans. Out of the 10 matches Babacan played, he got 4 clean sheets. Turkey ended up getting 3rd place and got ranked the best 3rd place team, automatically sending them to the UEFA Euro 2016 finals in France. He was part of the Turkey national team for Euro 2016.
## Career statistics {#career_statistics}
### Club
Club Season League Cup
--------------------- ---------- ----------- ------ ------- ------ -------
Division Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals
Fenerbahçe 2003--04 Süper Lig 0 0 0 0
2007--08 0 0 2 0
2008--09 6 0 9 0
2009--10 0 0 2 0
Total 6 0 13 0
İstanbulspor (loan) 2006--07 1\. Lig 11 0 2 0
Kayserispor (loan) 2010--11 Süper Lig 4 0 0 0
Manisaspor 2011--12 Süper Lig 4 0 1 0
2012--13 1\
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11,008,560 |
# Tiwa Pueblo peoples
The **Tiwa**, less commonly **Tigua**, are a group of related Tanoan Pueblo peoples in New Mexico that traditionally speak a Tiwa language (although some speakers have switched to Spanish and/or English), and are divided into the two Northern Tiwa groups, in Taos and Picuris, and the Southern Tiwa in Isleta and Sandia, around what is now Albuquerque, and in Ysleta del Sur near El Paso, Texas.
## Name
*Tiwa* is the English name for these peoples, which is derived from the Spanish term *Tigua* and put into use by Frederick Webb Hodge. The Spanish term has also been used in English writings although the term *Tiwa* now is dominant.
In Spanish *Tigua* only was applied to the Southern Tiwa groups (in Tiguex territory). Spanish variants of *Tigua* include *Cheguas*, *Chiguas*, *Téoas*, *Tiguas*, *Tigües*, *Tiguesh*, *Tigüex*, *Tiguex*, *Tigüez*, *Tihuex*, *Tioas*, *Tziquis*. The names *Atzigues*, *Atziqui*, *Tihues*, and *Tziquis* were originally applied to the Piro but later writers confused these terms for the Piro with the terms for the Southern Tiwa. A further confusion is with some of the terms for the Tewa (*Tegua*, *Tehuas*, *Teoas*) being applied to both the Tewa and (Southern) Tiwa indiscriminately. The forms *Tiguesh*, *Tigüex*, and *Tiguex* are meant to represent a pronunciation of `{{IPA|tix|tiweʃ|}}`{=mediawiki}, which is supposedly an Isletan term meaning \"Isletan\" according to Adolph Francis Alphonse Bandelier. The term *Tiguan* is usually given instead Bandelier\'s *Tigüex* --- this being a representation of the Isletan term for \"Southern Tiwas\" and recorded in modern times as *Tíwan* with the term *Tiwáde* for the singular \"(a) Southern Tiwa\" (J. P. Harrington recorded the singular as *Tiwa* and said that *Tiwa/Tiwan* could also be used to refer to Northern Tiwas).
The Spanish spelling of the name as ***Tihua*** is contemporarily accepted, though the anglicized form (*Tiwa*) is, perhaps, academically more prevalent.
The Governor of the New Mexico Territory, LeBaron Bradford Prince, wrote about a difference between the Tehua pueblos and the Tihua nation.
## History
The Tiwa are first mentioned by Coronado in 1540, and a pueblo (town) referred to by him as both Coofor and Tiguex was most likely the pueblo known since a Spanish map of 1602 as Santiago Pueblo (Bandelier\'s Puaray). Coronado fought the Tiguex War against 12 of the southern Tiwa pueblos around what is now Albuquerque, which together with the diseases and consolidation of missions by the Catholic priests the Spanish brought, resulted in the abandonment of many of the villages.
In February 1583, the merchant Antonio de Espejo came up the Rio Grande to Tiguex (Kuaua), and Puaray (Espejo\'s own statement).
The everyday life of Tiwas Indians of Isleta Pueblo during the end of the 19th century is described in the book \"The Padre of Isleta\". A band of peaceful Tiwa, called Tigua, are massacred in Cormac McCarthy\'s Blood Meridian, referring to a period around 1849-50
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# Drapery hook
The **drapery hook** is a hook designed for hanging drapery. It is often concealed within the drape\'s header tape The distinctive shape shown in the figure, with a sharp end and a blunt end, was patented by James William McGhee (1882--1968) in the 1920s. Numerous other drapery hooks were patented before and after this common design.
## Patents
-
-
- image
- image
## Infringement
Patent 1475306 was the subject of an infringement lawsuit that McGhee lost and appealed. He lost again on appeal when the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit found that hook designs were not patentable in 1929:
> With the lower court, we fail to find in plaintiffs\' device any patentable novelty; certainly there is no invention in the hook member. Hooks of all shapes and materials are among the commonest things of life. In size, strength, and shape they are to be adapted to needs and tastes, and the adaptation of a hook to suit the pole, rod, bar, or rings from which the drapery is to hang is readily made by any person of common intelligence. There is no invention
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# Perry Clark
**Perry Clark** (born December 4, 1951) is an American former college basketball coach and the former head men\'s basketball coach at the University of Miami. He previously served as head coach of Tulane University, and later at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi. From June 2013, until his retirement in June 2020, Clark was an assistant coach for the University of South Carolina basketball team.
Clark has over 30 years of collegiate coaching experience, including 15 years combined as head coach at both Tulane University and the University of Miami (Florida). As a head coach, Clark owned a 304--270 (.530) record, including seven 20-win seasons and nine postseason appearances (3 NCAA, 4 NIT) and won the Metro Conference championship in 1992. The 1992 National Coach of the Year, he was a two-time Metro Conference Coach of the Year (1991, 1992).
## Early career {#early_career}
Clark began his coaching career as an assistant coach at DeMatha Catholic High School. In 1978 he became an assistant coach at Penn State. Beginning in 1982, he served as the recruiting coordinator at Georgia Tech. During this time, five players earned honors as the top freshman -- Mark Price (1983), Bruce Dalrymple (1984), Duane Ferrell (1985), Tom Hammonds (1986) and Dennis Scott (1988). At Tulane, Anthony Reed (1990), Kim Lewis (1991) and Pointer Williams (1992) claimed consecutive Metro Conference Freshman of the Year honors. Clark has coached 19 players who were drafted or have gone on to play in the NBA. Thirteen of those draftees have gone in the first or second rounds, including 2002 selection John Salmons, who was taken with the 26th pick of the first round by the San Antonio Spurs, and James Jones, who was a second-round selection by the Indiana Pacers in the 2003 NBA draft. In his stints at Georgia Tech and Tulane, Clark went a phenomenal eight for nine, from 1983 to 1992, in helping produce the conference\'s top rookie, including a Metro record three in a row at Tulane.
## Miami
He took over the program at Miami in 2000 and spent four seasons with the Hurricanes, where he led them to a 65--54 (.546) record. In his first three seasons with the program, he accumulated 51 wins, the most ever by a Hurricane coach, and became the only Miami coach to take the Hurricanes to the postseason in each of his first two seasons.
Clark\'s 2001--02 Hurricane squad finished 24--8 and received the school\'s fourth NCAA Tournament berth and set a school record for wins in a season. Included in the 24 wins were a school-record 14 consecutive victories to open the season. His Hurricanes were not ranked in the preseason, but were ranked for the final 13 weeks of the campaign, ending the year ranked No. 21 according to the Associated Press.
## Texas A&M Corpus Christi {#texas_am_corpus_christi}
In four seasons at Texas A&M-Corpus Christi, Clark led the Islanders to a 54--71 (.432) overall record. His 2008--09 squad doubled its win total from the previous season and Kevin Palmer earned Southland Newcomer of the Year honors after posting 18.2 points per game in leading a team in which no player had more than a season of NCAA Division I experience
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# Finnur Jónsson
**Finnur Jónsson** (May 29, 1858 -- March 30, 1934) was an Icelandic philologist and Professor of Nordic Philology at the University of Copenhagen. He made extensive contributions to the study of Old Norse literature.
Finnur Jónsson was born at Akureyri in northern Iceland. He graduated from Menntaskólinn í Reykjavík in 1878 and went to Denmark for further studies at the University of Copenhagen. He received a doctorate in philology in 1884 with a dissertation on skaldic poetry. He became a docent at the university in 1887 and a professor in 1898, serving until 1928. After retiring he continued work on his subject with new publications until the year he died.
He was elected member of the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences in Gothenburg in 1905 and corresponding member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities in 1908.
Finnur\'s principal area of study was Old Norse poetry. His three most important works are *Den norsk-islandske skjaldedigtning*, an edition of the entire corpus of skaldic poetry in two parts -- one which gives the text of the manuscripts with variants and one which gives a normalized text and a Danish translation. Another of Finnur\'s major works is *Lexicon Poeticum*, a dictionary of Old Norse poetry, ostensibly an update of a work with the same name by Sveinbjörn Egilsson but in effect an original work. The third principal work is *Den oldnorske og oldislandske litteraturs historie*, a detailed history of Old Norse literature.
Finnur was an unusually prolific scholar, preparing editions of, among other works, numerous Icelanders\' sagas, Kings\' sagas, *Rímur* (along with a dictionary of *rímur*) and the Eddas. A skilled polemicist, he defended his belief in the historical accuracy of the sagas and the antiquity of the Eddic poems in debates with other scholars
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# East Newton
**East Newton** is a hamlet in the civil parish of Aldbrough, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, in an area known as Holderness. It is situated approximately 8 mi north-west of Withernsea town centre. It lies to the east of the B1242 road on the North Sea coast.
East Newton was formerly a township in the parish of Aldbrough, in 1866 East Newton became a civil parish, on 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished and merged with Aldbrough. In 1931 the parish had a population of 25
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# Três de Maio
**Três de Maio** (*English: \"Third of May\"*) is a Brazilian municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is located at -27.752602 -54.243707.
It has an area of 422,2 km^2^. It is located 343 m over sea level. As of 2020 its population was estimated to be 23,876 inhabitants. Its climate is mild with temperatures of 20 °C (68 °F) to 35 °C (95 °F) in summer and 0 (32 °F) to 15 °C (59 °F) in winter.
## Notable residents {#notable_residents}
Supermodel Gisele Bündchen and Evlyn Eickoff were born in Três de Maio
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# Dichin
**Dichin** (*Дичин*) is a village in central northern Bulgaria, located about 25 kilometres north of the old university town of Veliko Tarnovo, just north of the Rositsa River, in the southern little hill part.
## Geography
It is located in Veliko Tarnovo Municipality.
## History
Near Dichin passed a water canal from the river Rositsa to the ancient Roman city Nicopolis ad Istrum. Cooperation \"Saglasie\" was established in 1925.
## Culture
- Communication center \"Zora 1873\" founders of the culture center were Matey Preobrajenski, the teacher Vasil Nedelchev and priest pop Petar Draganov.
## Religion
The Orthodox Church \"Sveta Paraskeva\" (Saint Paraskeva) was built in 1843.
## Economy
From 1948 to 1991 in the village were existed Labour Cooperative farm \"Parvi mai\" (First May). From 1934 to 1987 in Dichin existed the ceramics factory \"Nacho Ivanov\"
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# Dreaming in Cuban
***Dreaming in Cuban*** is the first novel written by author Cristina García, and was a finalist for the National Book Award. This novel moves between Cuba and the United States featuring three generations of a single family. The novel focuses particularly on the women---Celia del Pino, her daughters Lourdes and Felicia, and her granddaughter Pilar. While most of the novel is written in the third person, some sections are written in the first person and other sections are epistolary. The novel is not told in linear fashion; it moves between characters, places and times.
The novel\'s central themes include family relationships, exile, the divisiveness of politics, and memory. Cuban history and culture are important in the novel, including important historical events and the elements of Santería that appear throughout the novel.
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
As a young woman living in Havana, Celia Almeida meets and falls in love with a married Spaniard named Gustavo. The two become lovers until Gustavo returns to Spain. After Gustavo leaves, Celia loses the will to live. Though she has no known medical condition, she wastes away (due to depression). While she is housebound Jorge del Pino courts her and persuades her to marry him. After their honeymoon, he leaves her at home with his mother and sister while he goes on long business trips, punishing her out of his jealousy for her past with Gustavo. His mother and sister are cruel to Celia, even more so after she becomes pregnant. By the time she gives birth to her daughter Lourdes, her mind has snapped.
Thus, for the first months of Lourdes' life, Celia is in a mental institution and Jorge is the one who cares for Lourdes. When Celia is released, Jorge brings her to a new home on the edge of the ocean in Santa Teresa del Mar. Lourdes is distant from her mother and closely bonded to her father. A couple years later, a second daughter named Felicia is born. Finally, they have a son named Javier, who is born eight years after Felicia. Ideologically, Jorge and Celia are very different. Jorge prefers the American-friendly government, while Celia supports attempts at revolution.
Over the years, the three children grow up, and their lives take different paths. Lourdes attends the university and falls in love with a man named Rufino Puente, the son of a wealthy family. They are married in spite of his mother\'s disapproval. After Rufino and Lourdes are married, they live at the Puente family ranch. Eleven days after the Cuban revolution takes place, Lourdes gives birth to a daughter named Pilar. Two years later, Lourdes is pregnant with a second child. One day, she is thrown from her horse while riding frantically to return to the house, and it causes her to lose the child. Lourdes reaches the house just in time to find two soldiers holding Rufino at gunpoint. She scares the soldiers off, but the soldiers return later. They claim the Puente estate as property of the revolutionary government. Lourdes tries to resist, but one of the soldiers rapes her at knifepoint. Soon after, the Puente family flees to Miami. Lourdes finds life in Miami intolerable, and soon they drive north until they reach New York City, where they make their new life. Rufino does not fit in well, and he spends his time working on his inventions. It is Lourdes who supports the family, saving up enough money to purchase a bakery. She runs the bakery herself. Pilar grows up rebelling against her mother and feeling much closer to her father. She becomes a sort of stereotypical \"teenage punk artist\".
Felicia, the second oldest daughter, becomes the best friend of the daughter of a santería high priest at age six. From that time forward, santería has a presence in Felicia\'s life. She drops out of high school and drifts from job to job until she meets Hugo Villaverde. Felicia is enamored with him immediately, and they soon consummate their relationship. Felicia becomes pregnant as a result. Hugo vanishes for seven months before returning and marrying Felicia in a City Hall wedding. He becomes physically abusive almost immediately and then departs to sea the next day. Thus, Felicia is without her husband when she gives birth to her twin daughters, Luz and Milagro. Hugo continues to be a sporadic presence in their lives after that. He manages to impregnate Felicia again and give her syphilis. It is during Felicia\'s pregnancy that her lack of mental stability becomes apparent. She attempts to kill Hugo by dropping a burning rag onto his face while he is sleeping; Hugo wakes up just as she drops the rag on him and he flees, never to be seen again. She later gives birth to a son, who she names Ivanito. While the twins resent their mother, Ivanito is extremely close to her.
The youngest child of Jorge and Celia, Javier, has a talent for science and shares his mother\'s support of the revolution and El Líder. As a result of his rebellion against his father, Javier eventually leaves for Czechoslovakia without telling his parents. He goes on to become a professor of biochemistry and marries a Czech girl, having a daughter with her named Irinita.
When Jorge develops stomach cancer, he travels to New York for treatment, where he spends the last four years of his life. His health gradually fails and he is hospitalized. Over the course of her father\'s illness, Lourdes has a constant desire for food and sex.
When Jorge dies, his spirit leaves his body and appears to bid farewell to his wife. She glimpses him briefly, but she cannot understand his words. Felicia turns to santería to make peace with her father, but she becomes mentally unwell again. When Celia discovers Felicia\'s illness, she takes Luz and Milagro to her home, but Ivanito will not leave his mother. Eventually, Felicia\'s mental state deteriorates to the point where she tries to kill Ivanito and herself with drugged ice cream. The attempt fails. As a result, Felicia is sent to join a Cuban military brigade and Ivanito is sent to boarding school. Celia becomes a full devotee of the revolution and El Líder, performing a wide variety of tasks and becoming a local judge of the People\'s Court.
Meanwhile, in New York, Pilar discovers that her father is cheating on her mother. She tries to run away to Cuba, but she only makes it as far as Miami. She gets caught while seeking out one of her cousins for help. Her mother is called, and Pilar is made to return home to New York. Lourdes becomes an auxiliary policewoman. Her father\'s spirit begins speaking to her regularly. Eventually, Lourdes' business becomes so successful that she buys a second bakery. She has Pilar paint a mural for the opening. Pilar, unbeknownst to her mother, paints a punk Statue of Liberty for the unveiling, but when the crowd disapproves, Lourdes defends her daughter\'s work.
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# Dreaming in Cuban
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
In Cuba, Felicia meets and marries a man named Ernesto Brito, but he dies in a fire soon afterwards. Felicia blames El Líder for his death, though there is no evidence to support this belief. She descends into madness again, and then vanishes, losing her memory and identity for months. When she recovers herself, Felicia discovers that she has married a man named Otto. Whether or not his death was Felicia\'s fault is debatable. While on a ride, he stands up while Felicia performs oral sex. When the ride begins again, he falls over and lands on electrical wires and is electrocuted, but it is unclear as to exactly how he falls, and later in the story, Felicia says that she pushed him.
Meanwhile, the day after Felicia\'s disappearance, Javier returns home to his mother. Celia learns that his wife has left him and taken their daughter. In his heartbreak, Javier wastes away, just as Celia once did, until he vanishes to die. Felicia returns to Havana and fully embraces santería, becoming a priestess. She is still distanced from her mother and children, who do not come to see her. Gradually, Felicia\'s health fades for reasons unknown and she too dies.
In the U.S., Jorge\'s presence begins to fade from the world, and he goes to Lourdes to ask her to go to Cuba and apologize on his behalf and make amends with her mother. One day while Pilar is out in the city, she encounters a botánica (a store that sells the paraphernalia of santería). The proprietor instructs her in a ritual she must perform and gives her the items she needs. On her way home, Pilar is attacked by boys in the park. Pilar recovers herself and returns home to carry out her ritual, which reveals that she and her mother should go to Cuba.
Celia wanders out into the ocean at night after Felicia\'s burial, and she is found in the aftermath by a newly arrived Lourdes and Pilar. They care for her. Lourdes views Cuba with great dislike, but she becomes fond of her nephew Ivanito. Pilar listens to Celia\'s stories and paints her portrait many times. Lourdes finds herself unable to forgive her mother. She resolves to help Ivanito leave Cuba, taking him to join the defectors at the Peruvian embassy. Celia sends Pilar to find him, and though Pilar manages to do so, she tells her grandmother that she did not. After Pilar and Lourdes are gone, Celia walks into the ocean a final time.
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# Dreaming in Cuban
## Important characters {#important_characters}
### Major characters {#major_characters}
- **Celia del Pino:** She is the matriarch of the del Pino family: wife to Jorge; mother to Lourdes, Felicia, and Javier; grandmother to Pilar, Luz, Milagro, Ivanito and Irinita. She is a strong supporter of the revolution, socialism, and El Líder. She is a romantic, taking pleasure in piano music and poetry. She shares a connection with her granddaughter Pilar.
- **Lourdes Puente:** Lourdes is the eldest child of Celia and Jorge, the wife of Rufino, and the mother of Pilar. After beginning her exile in the U.S., Lourdes becomes an entrepreneur, owning her own bakery. She is a strong supporter of capitalism and U.S. patriotism, and she despises El Líder and what he has done to Cuba. She is invasive of Pilar\'s privacy, and she does not understand her daughter.
- **Pilar Puente:** Pilar is the daughter of Lourdes and Rufino, and the granddaughter of Celia and Jorge. She is an artist and a stereotypical punk teenager. Images and music are important to Pilar. She longs to return to Cuba to see her grandmother, but her political feelings are more ambivalent than those of her mother and grandmother. She is close to her father, and she shares a connection with her grandmother.
- **Felicia del Pino:** Felicia, a sweet person with kind eyes and a huge heart, is the second child of Celia and Jorge. She marries three times over the course of the novel, to the following men: Hugo Villaverde, Ernesto Brito, and Otto Cruz. Her three children---Luz, Milagro, and Ivanito---are the product of her marriage to Hugo Villaverde. Her best friend is Herminia Delgado. She has sporadic periods of mental illness. She is politically apathetic, but she strongly embraces santería, eventually becoming a priestess.
- **Herminia Delgado:** Herminia is the best friend of Felicia del Pino. She is the daughter of a high priest of santería and helps guide Felicia to the religion.
- **Luz and Milagro Villaverde:** Luz and Milagro are the twin daughters of Felicia and Hugo Villaverde, and they are the granddaughters of Celia and Jorge. They resent their mother due to her madness, and they secretly slip away to visit their father. They are closer to each other than they are to anyone else, and Luz generally speaks for the pair.
- **Ivanito Villaverde:** Ivanito is the youngest child of Felicia and Hugo Villaverde, and grandson of Celia and Jorge. He is extremely close to his mother, embracing her and accepting her strange ways until she attempts to kill him and later disappears. In her absence, he becomes quite lonely.
### Minor characters {#minor_characters}
- **Jorge del Pino:** He is the patriarch of the del Pino family: husband to Celia; father to Lourdes, Felicia, and Javier; grandfather to Pilar, Luz, Milagro, and Ivanito. He is a supporter of the U.S., working for an American company and turning to America for treatment when he becomes ill. He is particularly close to his daughter Lourdes.
- **Rufino Puente:** Rufino is husband of Lourdes and the father of Pilar. In Cuba, he was a wealthy but humble rancher, but in the U.S., he is removed from his element. He perpetually begins various projects and inventions without economic success. He is close to Pilar.
- **Javier del Pino:** Javier is the third child of Celia and Jorge. He is closer to his mother, sharing her support for the revolution, socialism, and El Líder. His father is quite hard on him, and this eventually causes him to run off to Czechoslovakia in secret.
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# Dreaming in Cuban
## Themes
- **Family relationships**
Family relationships are at the heart of Dreaming in Cuban, which explores how they are twisted by physical separation, politics, and lack of communication. Many of the relationships are ruptured in the novel. Mothers and daughters seem largely unable to connect, as nothing is able to close the distance between Lourdes and Celia, and Lourdes and Pilar are also divided by a lack of understanding. Similarly, Felicia is ultimately distanced from her entire family. Only the bond across generations seems to last: Celia is close to her grandchildren, Pilar in particular. The friendship that springs up between Ivanito and Pilar suggests that there may be hope for connection within the third generation of the family as well. Fathers and daughters, and mothers and sons also share closer relationships in the novel. The relationships between husbands and wives, on the other hand, seem to break often: Jorge and Celia spend the last years of his life apart, Felicia tries to kill two of her three husbands, and Lourdes and Rufino drift further and further apart until they no longer talk.
- **Exile**
This novel explores the impact that exile has on those in exile and those left behind. The exile in the novel reflects the real exile experienced by thousands of Cubans, as the Puente family flees Cuba in the wake of the revolution just as many did in 1961. Celia acutely feels the absence of her granddaughter in Cuba, and she is saddened by the nomadic existence of her children, but she is powerless to change these things. Lourdes uses the exile as an attempt to ignore her past in Cuba and bury the memory of her rape. Her vision of Cuba is frozen at that point in the past. Only in her return to Cuba is Lourdes able to revisit the memory of her rape and her lost child. Pilar grows up with a longing to return to her grandmother in Cuba without knowing the reality of life in Cuba beyond her memories. She too is powerless for a long time to reach Cuba---even her attempt at running away fails. She is distanced further from her family roots and her cultural heritage due to her mother\'s unwillingness to speak of them. This distance is exemplified by Pilar\'s distance from the Spanish language, as she only is able to dream in Spanish after she makes a return visit to Cuba.
- **Divisiveness of politics**
The rift created by politics is also an important theme of the novel. Politics pervade the novel---it is political conflict due to the revolution that leads to the Puente family\'s exile. Politics also polarize the del Pino family\'s relationships. Celia is steadfast in her support of the revolution, even to the point of suppressing creative works in her role as a judge. Her socialism links her more closely to her son Javier, but distances her from Lourdes and even Felicia, with whom she was once close. At the same time, Lourdes' zealous pro-U.S. patriotism distances her from her own daughter Pilar. Ultimately, political inflexibility leads to increasing isolation---Celia is left alone in Cuba, while Lourdes returns home without any greater closeness with her daughter or husband.
## Novel structure {#novel_structure}
*Dreaming in Cuban* is divided into three books. Each book consists of several chapters of narration and one or more chapters of letters written by Celia. The letters all were written prior to the timeline of the rest of the novel. Within each chapter, different sections may center on different characters. These are indicated by the appearance of the character\'s name along with the year prior to the section. The narration of the novel generally moves forward in time, but this is complicated by the frequent appearance of memories and the fact that the novel jumps back and forth between different locations and characters.
The novel is also written through several different styles of narration. The majority of the novel is told through a third-person omniscient narrator. This style of narration is used for sections of the novel centering on the older generations---Celia, Lourdes, and Felicia---as well as Ivanito\'s first section. First-person narration also appears, usually in connection with the youngest generation of the del Pino family. Pilar is the most frequent first-person narrator, but Ivanito and Luz (Felicia\'s children) also narrate sections in the first person. Additionally, Herminia, Felicia\'s best friend, narrates a section telling the story of Felicia\'s final days. Celia\'s first-person voice is also heard through the appearance of her letters which help to fill in gaps in the family\'s history.
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# Dreaming in Cuban
## Reception
*Dreaming in Cuban* was nominated for the National Book Award for Fiction in 1992.
The book landed the 65th spot on the American Library Association\'s list of the one hundred most banned and challenged books in the United States between 2010 and 2019
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# KDFG
**KDFG** is a non-commercial classical music radio station in Seaside, California, broadcasting to the Santa Cruz-Carmel-Salinas, California, area on 103.9 FM. Owned by the University of Southern California, the station broadcasts a classical music format as a full-time simulcast of KDFC in San Francisco.
## History
The station\'s studio was originally in Monterey while its transmitter was located on Mount Toro, south of Salinas. In 2002, alternative rock station KMBY-FM moved from 104.3 FM to 103.9 FM. Its format eventually evolved into a hybrid of modern rock, hard rock, alternative rock, and hip hop, and it was branded as *X103.9*.
On February 9, 2008, the classical music programming of KBOQ (branded as *K-Bach*) moved from 95.5 FM to 103.9 FM, displacing KMBY\'s programming. On February 14, 2008, the station temporarily changed its call sign to KKHK. It then swapped its call sign with 95.5 FM, gaining the KBOQ call sign, on February 26, 2008. On October 17, 2011, KBOQ changed its format from classical to soft adult contemporary without warning, branded as *B103.9*.
In May 2014, Mapleton Communications agreed to sell KBOQ to Saul Levine\'s Mount Wilson FM Broadcasters, Inc. for \$200,000. Mapleton had to divest one station after buying KWAV from Buckley Broadcasting. That July, the website *q1039thehits.com* was registered, leading to reports of a format change to contemporary hit radio as *Q103.9*. On September 5, 2014, upon officially being bought by Mount Wilson FM, the station\'s branding did change to Q103.9 but flipped to classic hits instead of contemporary hits.
In June 2016, the University of Southern California purchased KBOQ for \$475,000. The 103.9 frequency became part of USC\'s classical music radio network, while Mount Wilson FM Broadcasters retained the KBOQ call letters. The station changed its call letters to KDFG on August 26, 2016; on August 31, the station changed its format to back to classical, simulcasting the programming of KDFC.
## Additional frequencies {#additional_frequencies}
In addition to KDFG, the programming of KDFC is transmitted by these stations and translators to widen its broadcast area.
- KDFC --- 90.3 FM, licensed to San Francisco, California
- KXSC --- 104.9 FM, licensed to Sunnyvale, California
- KOSC --- 89.9 FM, licensed to Angwin, California
- K212AA --- 90.3 FM, licensed to Los Gatos, California
- K223AJ --- 92
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# Antillanité
***Antillanité*** is a literary and political movement developed in the 1960s that stresses the creation of a specific West Indian identity out of a multiplicity of ethnic and cultural elements.
## Background
From the early 1960s, a new way of envisaging French West Indian identity began to be articulated by a number of Martinican thinkers, which, in contrast to Négritude\'s stress on the retention of African cultural forms in the Caribbean, dwelt rather on the creation, out of a multiplicity of constituent elements, of a specifically West Indian cultural configuration to which, in time, the name \"Antillanité\" came to be given.
It seems to have been René Ménil, a former collaborator of Aimé Césaire, one of the principal champions of the Négritude movement, who, in an article entitled \"Problèmes d\'une culture antillaise\" first clearly formulated the idea of a West Indian specificity (*spécificité antillaise*) that would enjoy such success in the years that followed.
French West Indian culture, according to Ménil, is: \"neither African nor Chinese, nor Indian, nor even French, but ultimately West Indian. Our culture is West Indian since, in the course of history, it has brought together and combined in an original syncretism all these elements derived from the four corners of the earth, without being any one of those elements in particular.\"
## Theoretical principles {#theoretical_principles}
Originally intended as a counter to the doctrine of Négritude, and its stress on an African rather than Caribbean identity, Antillanité was positively received by a number of prominent Martinican intellectuals, in particular the Groupe de Recherches de l\'Institut Martiniquais d\'Etudes headed by Édouard Glissant, which published the results of its discussions on Caribbean identity in the short-lived journal *Acoma* (1971--73).
Like its predecessor, Négritude, Antillanité is, at its base, an assertion of the difference in the face of the encroachments of the same. The whole of Glissant\'s theoretical work may be seen as a sustained polemic, conducted in the name of \"le Divers,\" (the different) against the claims of the universal, to which a succession of derogatory epithets are attached in a more or less routine fashion.
For Glissant, \"the preoccupation with the universal is the alienated reverse side of the uniquely western pretension to exercise universal control\", and it therefore follows that proponents of Antillanité must adopt a \"firm opposition to any ideology of universal culture.\" Where Antillanité differs most markedly from Négritude is in its conception of the constitution of the different. For Négritude, the different was monolithic, being essentially African in character; however, in the view of Glissant, the different is, itself, diverse, complex, and heterogeneous, made up of a multiplicity of relations held in place by a complex process of attraction and repulsion. Thus, it could be said that while Négritude looked inwards, to African heritage, for its models and values Antillanité looked both inwards, and outwards, towards the Caribbean and Meso-America as a whole, in its quest for self-invention from which proponents conceived identity as an archipelago of signifiers, none of which enjoys primacy over the others and whose unity lies not in the fact of possessing a single source but, rather, in the complex amalgamation of these myriad forces which hold themselves in relation to each other. One of the major advances made by Antillanité is that it has, in large measure, shed the regressive, matricentric orientation common to both assimilationism and Négritude
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# The Definitive Biography of P.D.Q. Bach
***The Definitive Biography of P.D.Q. Bach (1807--1742)?*** is a book by Prof. Peter Schickele chronicling the life of fictitious composer P. D. Q. Bach.
## Table of Contents {#table_of_contents}
- Dedication
- Preface
- Preface to the English Language Edition
- Foreword
- Introduction
- Author\'s Note
- Acknowledgements
- Table of Contents
- **I. P.D.Q. Bach\'s Background: Cause or Effect?**
1. Early Infancy (1742--1745)
2. Late Infancy (1745--1766)
3. The Lost Years (1766--1777)
4. The Turning Point (1777)
- **II. The World of P.D.Q. Bach: A Pictorial Essay**
- **III. Man or Myth?: In Search of P.D.Q. Bach**
- **IV. \"Such a Horrid Clang\": An Annotated Catalogue of the Music of P.D.Q. Bach**
1. The Initial Plunge
2. The Soused Period
3. Contrition
4. Undiscovered Works
- **Appendices**
: A. *A Map of P.D.Q. Bach\'s Travels*
: B. *A Map of P.D.Q. Bach\'s Public Performances*
: C. *Charles Burney\'s Account of His Visit to Wein-am-Rhein in 1788*
: D. *Bibliography*
: E. *Analysis of the Two-Part Contraption*
: F. *Discography*
: G. *Glossary of Unusual Instruments Used by P.D.Q. Bach*
: H
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# R. E. B. Baylor
**Robert Emmett Bledsoe Baylor** (May 10, 1793 -- December 30, 1873) was an American statesman, jurist, ordained Baptist minister, war veteran, slave owner, and a co-founder and the namesake of Baylor University. According to Thomas R. Phillips and James W. Paulsen, he was one of the most productive justices on the Supreme Court of the Republic of Texas.
## Early life {#early_life}
The fifth son and sixth child of twelve children born to Walker and Jane (*née* Bledsoe) Baylor, Robert Emmett Bledsoe Baylor was born on May 10, 1793, in Lincoln County, Kentucky. Baylor\'s ancestors had settled in Tiverton, Devon, with origins in Hungary. His uncle, George Baylor, was the first aide-de-camp to General George Washington in the American Revolutionary War and his father and uncle both served in the life guard to Washington in the Continental Army. His uncle was captured in the Baylor Massacre on September 28, 1778, near Tappan, New Jersey, and was later returned in an exchange. His father served in the 3rd Continental Light Dragoons commanded by his brother George, and was disabled by a cannonball that crushed his instep at the Battle of Germantown at the age of 17. His mother was the sister of Jesse Bledsoe, a U.S. Senator from Kentucky.
R. E. B. Baylor attended the local schools around Paris, Kentucky, and was in a large manner self-taught. He was a soldier in the Kentucky militia, seeing action with Colonel William E. Boswell\'s Regiment during the War of 1812, participating in battles in Ohio against the British, Tecumseh, and Tecumseh\'s confederacy. He also participated in the ill-fated invasion of Canada, serving under Isaac Shelby and future U.S. president William Henry Harrison. After the war, he studied law under his uncle Jesse Bledsoe and practiced law in Kentucky.
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# R. E. B. Baylor
## Political and judicial career {#political_and_judicial_career}
### Origins in Kentucky {#origins_in_kentucky}
Baylor was briefly a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1819 to 1820, before he resigned and moved to Alabama. He had offered himself for the Kentucky Legislature in place of his older brother George, who was stepping down. He played the violin or fiddle along with his opponent, Robert P. Letcher, to attract voters, later claiming a narrow victory.
### Alabama representative {#alabama_representative}
After a single term in office in Kentucky, Baylor left and abruptly moved to Alabama. Some have attributed the sudden move to grief. A persistent story says that while he was riding with a young woman he intended to marry, she was bucked off her horse and dragged to her death, with Baylor unable to save her. Finding the familiar scenes of Kentucky too painful to endure, he left for Tuscaloosa, Alabama.
Once there, Baylor began to practice law and later continued his political career. He finished first out of five candidates to represent Tuscaloosa County in the Alabama House of Representatives in 1824. He first ran for Alabama\'s 2nd congressional district in 1825, losing by 176 votes to John McKee. Baylor was elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-first Congress (March 4, 1829 -- March 3, 1831) from Alabama\'s 2nd congressional district and was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1830 to the Twenty-second Congress. In 1836, Baylor was a lieutenant colonel fighting against the Creek tribe in the Creek War of 1836. Shortly after the Battle of San Jacinto, Baylor\'s nephew, John Walker Baylor Jr., set out to visit his uncles R. E. B. Baylor and Walker Keith Baylor in Mobile, Alabama. While at the home of relatives on furlough from the Texian Army, J. W. Baylor Jr. died from wounds he received that had become infected. Baylor converted and was ordained a Baptist minister in 1839.
### Career in Texas {#career_in_texas}
In 1839, Baylor moved to La Grange, Texas. On February 5, 1840, Mirabeau Lamar, the second president of the Republic of Texas, signed the following Act of Congress:
> \"Section 1st\--Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Republic of Texas, in Congress assembled. That the Secretary of War, be required to issue to R. E. B. Baylor heir of Doctor J. W. Baylor deceased a certificate for 640 acres of land as a donation for participating in the battle of San Jacinto, and a certificate for 640 acres of land allowed to those who died in the service of the country.\
> \"Section 2nd\--Be it further enacted. That the commissioner of the General Land Office be required to grant to the said R.E.B. Baylor, heir of Doctor J. W. Baylor deceased a certificate of one third of a league of land, being the headright of Doctor J. W. Baylor deceased, any law to the contrary notwithstanding.\"
This act secured a large amount of land in Baylor\'s name as the heir to his nephew and for his nephew\'s services in the army. He ended up giving it to his nephew\'s brothers and sisters. In August 1840, Baylor was a participant of the Battle of Plum Creek, serving under Edward Burleson along with two other Baptist ministers, Z. N. Morrell and Thomas Washington Cox. He quickly made a name for himself in Texas law as judge of the Third Judicial District of the Congress of the Republic of Texas, and was appointed to the Supreme Court of the Republic of Texas as an associate justice in 1841, a position he would hold until the annexation of Texas in 1845.
Baylor became the first president of the Texas Baptist Educational Society upon its inception in 1841, and in 1844, along with `{{Abbr|Rev.|Reverend}}`{=mediawiki} William M. Tryon and Rev. James Huckins, sent a petition to the Congress of the Republic of Texas asking the nation to charter a Baptist university. In response to this petition, The Republic of Texas produced an Act of Congress that was signed on February 1, 1845, by Anson Jones, providing the charter that yielded Baylor University and, later, the University of Mary Hardin-Baylor. Baylor presided over the meeting that named Henry Lee Graves as the first president of Baylor University. The Texas Temperance Society elected Baylor as its first president in 1845. He was one of two delegates, along with James S. Mayfield, elected to represent Fayette County at the Texas Constitutional Convention of 1845. At the convention he advocated for homestead protection, the forbiddance of ministers from legislative service, a system of judicial appointment and fought strongly against judicial elections. On April 16, 1846, Baylor was appointed to a six-year term as judge of the state\'s Third Judicial District. He was confirmed by the senate without a dissenting vote, although senator Jesse Grimes tried to lay the nomination on the table and did not vote in the confirmation. Baylor, later the same year, entered the running in the first election for the state\'s 2nd congressional district, finishing last out of four candidates, with the seat won by Timothy Pilsbury. Initially successful in his effort against judicial elections, the greatest change in his career occurred in 1850 when, by constitutional amendment, the appointment system was replaced in favor of popular judicial elections. He held the judicial position until his retirement in 1863.
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# R. E. B. Baylor
## Later life and legacy {#later_life_and_legacy}
R. E. B. Baylor was named to the inaugural faculty of the Baylor Law School for its opening in 1857. His judicial duties did not permit him to present regular lectures. In the 1860 census, he was one of the wealthiest residents in Washington County, Texas. Eugene W. Baker, the longtime historian of Baylor University wrote in his biography of Baylor, *In His Traces: The Life and Times of R. E. B. Baylor*, that he left his farm chores to be the interim president of Baylor University in May 1867. However, Baylor University has also stated he never was president of the university. He was the president of the Baylor Female College Board of Trustees.
After his retirement from the legal profession in 1863 he lived the remainder of his life in Gay Hill, Texas, where he built his home, Holly Oak.
During the Civil War, Baylor supported the Confederacy and the grounds of Baylor University, then in Independence, were used as a training and staging ground for the Confederate Army. A nephew of Baylor, John R. Baylor, was a prominent leader in the Confederacy serving as both a governor and later as a member of the Confederate Congress.
### Death
He died on December 30, 1873, and was buried in Independence, Texas, on the original site of Baylor University. In 1917, his remains were exhumed and transferred to the University of Mary Hardin-Baylor in Belton, Texas. After the original Baylor had closed, the residents of Independence\'s hostility toward the new Baylor University in Waco was too great to permit reburial there, so eventually Judge Baylor was re-interred in the main building at University of Mary Hardin-Baylor in Belton. A fire destroyed the building and ruined his gravesite in 1964. His remains were moved to a small historical park on the campus. A monument was erected in 1966, bearing the single word \"Baylor.\"
### Legacy
Baylor is memorialized on the Waco campus by a seated bronze statue unveiled for the 94th anniversary of the university\'s founding on February 1, 1939, sculpted by Pompeo Coppini and funded by the Texas Centennial Commission. Coppini had been selected over Leonard Crunelle\'s marble sculpture design proposal. George W. Truett delivered the main address at the unveiling, and one of Judge Baylor\'s former slaves, Ann Freeman, was presented on stage and applauded by the approximately 3000 attendees. Many of Baylor\'s documents are located at Baylor University, some of his court records are in McLennan County, and at least two volumes of his legal documents are located at the Brazos County Courthouse.
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# R. E. B. Baylor
## Political, social, and religious views {#political_social_and_religious_views}
Initially a supporter of Andrew Jackson when elected to Congress, Baylor would later change his views on the president. In the mid-1850s, Baylor was an influential leader in the Nativist Texas Know Nothing Party and was named the party\'s \"Grand President\" at a secret convention in Washington-on-the-Brazos on June 11, 1855.
### Slavery
R. E. B. Baylor owned slaves while living in Texas, predominately women. A report commissioned by Baylor University found that in 1860 enslaved persons formed a significant portion of his wealth; the 1860 census records him as owning 33 slaves. In his role as a judge, he once punished an abolitionist harboring an escaped slave. Another man was punished for not returning a borrowed slave promptly. In 1854, Judge Baylor sentenced a slave to hang for arson. In 1856, he ordered the execution of yet another slave. In 1857, he levied a heavy fine on a white person who bought some bacon from a slave. And in 1862, as the Civil War raged, he ordered the execution of a slave for \"intent to rape a white female.\"
### Religious views {#religious_views}
Before 1839, Baylor had always been a skeptic. He had personally identified first as a Deist and then a Unitarian. He converted and became a Baptist in 1839. During the deliberations of the 1845 state constitution, Baylor famously said, \"I do think that any office coming directly from the people ought ever to be filled by the clergy of any denomination.\" He pointed out that Louisiana and other states had adopted similar measures that prohibited the clergy from public office, and that it should remain as it was \"calculated to keep clear and well defined the distinction between Church and State, so essentially necessary to human liberty and happiness\". Francis W. Moore Jr., of Harris County, who took the position that \"no man or set of men should be disenfranchised\", pointed out the irony that Baylor himself was a minister of the gospel who had been directly elected by voters to be a delegate to the convention.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Baylor was a Mason from 1825 until his death. He never married and had no children, although he was close to his nephew John R. Baylor, who lived with him for a time. An 1899 genealogy of the Baylor family erroneously lists R. E. B. Baylor as the father of John R. Baylor
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# East Cowick
**East Cowick** is a village in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, situated approximately 1.5 mi east of Snaith. It lies on the A1041 road and just north of the M62 motorway. It was historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire until 1974.
It forms part of the civil parish of Snaith and Cowick.
## Buildings
The parish church of Holy Trinity was built by Charles Ward of Lincoln between 1853 and 1854, to a design by William Butterfield. The work was commissioned by the William Dawnay, 7th Viscount Downe, and the west end is thought to be modelled on the church at Lindisfarne (Holy Island) in Northumberland. It is now a Grade II listed building. Dawnay\'s commission also included the vicarage and the Church of England primary school, together with its schoolhouse, all of which are Grade II listed. Similar clusters of buildings were erected at Hensall and Pollington. To the west of the village is the late 17th-century Grade I-listed Cowick Hall, the former seat of the Viscounts Downe which is now the headquarters of Croda International. It was built between 1660 and 1690 for Sir John Dawnay, the first Viscount and James Paine altered it for the third Viscount between 1752 and 1760. The fifth Viscount made two further sets of changes in the 1790s and between 1804 and 1811, and the last major alterations were between 1869 and 1880 for Henry and Benjamin Shaw. Recent changes have been more minor. Nikolaus Pevsner, who catalogued the buildings of England, believed that the main fronts of Cowick Hall were among the most accomplished 17th-century country house designs in the land.
## River Don {#river_don}
At the eastern border of the village, a three-arched bridge carries the A1041 road over a small stream. In 1628, the drainage engineer Cornelius Vermuyden diverted the River Don northwards, to join the River Aire. The work was part of the drainage of Hatfield Chase, and the river skirted the eastern edge of the village, to join the Aire at Turnbridge. A \"Great Sluice\" was constructed where the rivers joined, which included a navigable lock. Following flooding of the villages bordering the new route, a 5 mi channel was constructed from Newbridge near Thorne eastwards to Goole, where water levels in the River Ouse were between 5 and lower than at Turnbridge. The channel was called the Dutch River, and was not intended to be navigable, so boats continued to use the lock at Turnbridge, until the sluice at Goole was swept away by floods in 1688. Boats started to use the Dutch River, and the channel through East Cowick gradually silted up. The bridge is now Grade II listed, and the parish boundary follows the course of the Don from the road to the Aire
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# Rose Kerr (Girl Guiding)
**Rose Margaret Guthrie Kerr** `{{post-nominals|country=GBR|OBE}}`{=mediawiki} (*née* **Gough**; 28 April 1882 -- 12 December 1944) was a British pioneer of the Guiding movement.
She was one of the founders of the Rangers section of Girl Guides and was involved in the formation of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS) and authored numerous publications on Guiding. She was awarded the Silver Fish. In 1938 she was made an O.B.E.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
She was born in Dublin, the daughter of Major Wilfred Arbuthnot Gough and Beatrice Guthrie, daughter of the fourth Feudal Baron of Craigie. When she was 2, her father was killed in action at the Battle of Abu Klea, and her mother remarried Captain Henry Denison to whom she became quite devoted. She studied music in Dresden.
In 1906, Rose Gough married Admiral Mark Kerr (8 September 1864 -- 20 January 1944), grandson of William Kerr, 6th Marquess of Lothian; they had two children: Alix Kerr Liddell (1907--1981) and Luise Rosemary Kerr (1908--1986).
Robert Baden-Powell proposed to Rose Gough first, but was refused in December 1905. However they remained close friends.
## Guiding
Juliette Gordon Low persuaded Kerr to lead a Guide company in 1912. According to the story, Juliette Low using her deafness failed to hear Rose Kerr\'s excuses that she didn\'t have time and didn\'t live in London. She gave up this company on going abroad in 1913 to Greece and later Italy. While staying at the Baden-Powell\'s home, Ewhurst Place, in 1916, Olave Baden-Powell insisted that Kerr become a County Commissioner for The Girl Guide Association. She started as Chief Commissioner for the County of London but later turned her attention to international Guiding also. She continued to lead her own Ranger company from that time on.
## World War II {#world_war_ii}
During World War II, a message was smuggled to Kerr from Anni Collan, the Chief Guide of Finland. Collan wrote \"It is a pity that our two countries are at war with one another - but that does not make any difference to us!\"
Rose Kerr\'s daughter, Louise Rosemary \"Rosie\" Kerr, was a close friend of the pilot, Richard Hillary, and was reportedly engaged to the Squadron Leader, Jacques-Henri Schloesing until he was killed in action in 1944. Schloesing had been a Scout leader before the war, and the street where Passy Cemetery stands in Paris is named for him
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# Ben Patrick Johnson
Ben Johnson}} `{{Infobox person
| name = Ben Patrick Johnson
| image = Bpj vo.jpg
| caption = Johnson in the studio, 2006
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1969|6|30}}
| birth_place = [[Tucson, Arizona]]
| occupation = [[Director (business)|Foundation director]], voice actor, [[writer]], [[activist]], [[Blogger (person)|blogger]], [[author]]
| years_active = 1991–present
}}`{=mediawiki}
**Ben Patrick Johnson** (born June 30, 1969, in Tucson, Arizona) is an American voice actor, author and blogger, Foundation Director, and human rights activist.
## Voice-overs {#voice_overs}
Early in his acting career, he participated in voice-over workshops with Joan Gerber.
Johnson appeared on CBS (promoting *Survivor,* *CSI: NY*, *Numbers* and other shows), Fox (for *House M.D.*, *Bones*, *Family Guy*, *The Cleveland Show* and *Raising Hope*), the cable channels Nickelodeon, Cartoon Network, Starz, NFL Network, Big Ten Network, The 101 Network, N3D and others. His voice has been used to promote movies such as *Ice Age*, *Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs*, *Marmaduke*, *The Whole Ten Yards*, *Gulliver\'s Travels*, *Sleepover*, *The Simpsons Movie*, *Alvin and the Chipmunks*, *Planet 51*, *The Pirates! In an Adventure with Scientists!*, *The Emoji Movie*, *Night at the Museum*, *Home*, *Kung Fu Panda 3*, *Trolls*, *The Boss Baby*, *Hot Tub Time Machine*, *Diary of a Wimpy Kid*, *Sonic the Hedgehog*, *Ferdinand*, *Detective Pikachu*, *Sherlock Gnomes*, *The Pianist*, *Minority Report*, *Signs*, and *Apocalypse Now*, Adam Sandler movies like *Eight Crazy Nights* and *50 First Dates* promos for *Judge Maria Lopez*, and in commercials for Burger King, Kellogg\'s and Old Navy.
In 1998, after a brief stint at E!, Johnson moved to *Extra\'s* rival entertainment magazine *Entertainment Tonight*, where he was that show\'s signature voice for the next four seasons. From 1998 to 2005, he was the announcer on the syndicated court show *Judge Joe Brown*.
## Writing
Johnson\'s newest novel, \"If the Rains Don\'t Cleanse\", was published in August 2009 by Havenhurst Books. It is a historical novel detailing the experiences of Johnson\'s parents while Christian schoolteacher missionaries in Belgian Congo in the 1950s and addressing themes of Christianity, spirituality and European Colonialism.
Previous novels include *In and Out in Hollywood*, a roman à clef about a celebrity news show anchor whose fortunes change after he comes out, *Third and Heaven*, and *One Size Fits All*, which details the excesses of a young fashion designer dressing three Best Actress nominees for the Oscars.
## Social media and activism {#social_media_and_activism}
In 2006, Johnson launched a webcast called *Life on the Left Coast.* The video blog featured news, celebrity friends and humor segments. Johnson\'s political commentaries, another staple of the webcast, upset a variety of Christian Right Organizations including The Capital Resource Institute after Johnson condemned the CRI for its position on a bill pending in the California Legislature. CRI issued a statement denouncing Johnson, Equality California, and the webcast. After more than a million views on YouTube, Johnson put the show on hiatus to focus on writing and activism via Facebook and Twitter. Johnson is on the board of Gay Men\'s Chorus of Los Angeles.
In September 2010, Johnson wrote and produced two political TV spots for Equality California, *Whitman Shame* and *Cooley Shame*. The ads, directed at CA Republican gubernatorial candidate Meg Whitman and Republican Attorney General candidate Steve Cooley, address the candidates\' pledges to defend CA Prop 8 in a potential court challenge. Writing about EQCA and Johnson\'s ads, gay activist blogger Rex Wockner suggested that this was the first time a major LGBT organization had gone on the political offensive by playing hardball in TV ads about same-sex marriage.
## Philanthropy
The Ben Patrick Johnson Foundation, launched in 2006, benefits LGBT Issues, Human Rights, Education and interfaith dialogue. Shortly after its inception, the BPJ Foundation partnered with the organization Live and Give to fund housing for an elementary school in Thailand\'s Chiang Mai Province. The Foundation also passes funding to Habitat for Humanity, the micro-loan organization Kiva, Gay and Lesbian Elder Housing, and The National Gay and Lesbian Task Force for its interfaith initiative, The Institute for Welcoming Resources.
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# Ben Patrick Johnson
## *Extra* controversy {#extra_controversy}
Johnson\'s first national exposure came in 1994 when he was chosen as co-host for *Extra*, an entertainment magazine show. Extra demoted Johnson to Senior Correspondent shortly after he came out as gay in the LGBT press and on KABC Talkradio, where he had been Director of Production prior to *Extra*. Warner Bros. Television, the producers of *Extra*, declined to comment on the demotion
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# Mendon Peak (Vermont)
**Mendon Peak** is a mountain located in Rutland County, Vermont. The mountain is a spur off the west side of the Coolidge Range of the Green Mountains, and stands within the Calvin Coolidge State Forest. It is flanked to the east by Little Killington. Mendon Peak is on the Appalachian Mountain Club\'s list of the \"Hundred Highest\" peaks in New England. The summit is trailless and several different approaches are possible.
Mendon Peak stands within the watershed of the Cold River, a tributary of Otter Creek, which drains into Lake Champlain, and thence into the Richelieu River in Québec, the Saint Lawrence River, and into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. The north side of Mendon drains into Eddy Brook, and thence into the North Branch of the Cold River. The south side of Mendon drains via a stream into Sargent Brook, thence into Gould Brook and the Cold River
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# Sh-K-Boom Records
**Sh-K-Boom Records** is an independent record label and producer of recorded and live entertainment, which was founded in 2000 by Kurt Deutsch with the mission of bridging the gap between pop music and theater. In 2004 Sh-K-Boom created their second imprint, **Ghostlight Records**, dedicated to the preservation of traditional musical theater, spurred by the popular release of their first-ever show cast recording, Jason Robert Brown\'s *The Last Five Years*. Together the two labels have over 200 albums in their catalogues. The company has also produced over 50 live concerts as part of their Sh-K-Boom Room Concert Series, and are currently developing new and innovative projects for the stage and screen.
Sh-K-Boom and Ghostlight Records are twelve-time Grammy Award nominees and four-time Grammy winners in the Best Musical Theater Album category for *In the Heights*, *The Book of Mormon* and *Beautiful: The Carole King Musical*. Ghostlight\'s *Book of Mormon* album was the first Broadway cast recording to break into the Billboard Top 10 since the original 1969 release of *Hair*, taking its place as the biggest-selling digital cast recording of all time. The label\'s Original Broadway Cast Album for *In the Heights* also debuted at #1 on the Billboard Top Cast Albums chart and arrived on the *Billboard* 200 at #82.
In June 2017, Sh-K-Boom entered a joint venture with Warner Music Group\'s Arts Music division.
Sh-K-Boom and Ghostlight Records have produced and released the debut solo albums of Broadway stars such as Adam Pascal, Sherie Rene Scott, Patti LuPone, Sutton Foster, Kelli O\'Hara, Alice Ripley, Melissa Errico, Billy Porter, Ben Vereen, Daphne Rubin-Vega, Judy Kuhn, Christine Ebersole, Julia Murney, Ashley Brown, Linda Lavin, Lea Delaria, Anastasia Barzee, and Klea Blackhurst.
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# Sh-K-Boom Records
## Albums
**2000--2004**
- Adam Pascal -- *Model Prisoner*
- Sherie Rene Scott -- *Men I\'ve Had*
- Alice Ripley -- *Everything\'s Fine*
- *The Last Five Years*
- *Debbie Does Dallas: The Musical*
- *Amour*
- *Great Joy: A Gospel Christmas*
- *A Very Merry Unauthorized Children\'s Scientology Pageant*
- Adam Pascal -- *Civilian*
- Christine Ebersole -- *In Your Dreams*
- *The New Moon*
**2005**
- *Hair -- The Actors' Fund of America Benefit Recording*
- *Little Women*
- *Dirty Rotten Scoundrels*
- *Altar Boyz*
- *The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee* -- Original Broadway Cast Recording
- *Bright Lights, Big City*
- Jason Robert Brown -- *Wearing Someone Else's Clothes*
- Billy Porter -- *Live At the Corner of Broadway + Soul*
- *The Immigrant: A New American Musical*
**2006**
- *The Great American Trailer Park Musical*
- *See What I Wanna See*
- *Songs from an Unmade Bed*
- Kevin Cahoon -- *Doll*
- Patti LuPone -- *The Lady With The Torch*
- Julia Murney -- *I\'m Not Waiting*
- *The Drowsy Chaperone* -- Original Broadway Cast Recording
- *George M. Cohan Tonight*
- *title of show*
- *Bernarda Alba*
- Klea Blackhurst -- *Autumn in New York: Vernon Duke's Broadway*
- Daphne Rubin-Vega -- *Redemption Songs*
- *Irving Berlin's White Christmas*
- *The Fantasticks*
- *Jacques Brel is Alive and Well and Living in Paris*
**2007**
- *Orpheus & Euridice*
- *Happy End*
- *The Bubbly Black Girl Sheds Her Chameleon Skin*
- Martin Short -- *Fame Becomes Me*
- *High Fidelity*
- *The Coast of Utopia*
- *Legally Blonde: The Musical*
- Judy Kuhn -- *Serious Playground: The Songs of Laura Nyro*
- *LoveMusik*
**2008**
- *Gone Missing* -- The Civilians
- Kelli O\'Hara -- *Wonder in the World*
- David Yazbek -- *Evil Monkey Man*
- *Make me a Song*: The Music of William Finn (2-disc)
- Christine Ebersole & Billy Stritch -- *Sunday in New York*
- *In the Heights* Original Broadway Cast Recording (2-disc)
- *Passing Strange* Original Broadway Cast Recording
- *Little Fish* World Premiere Recording
- Bailey Hanks -- *So Much Better* (Single)
- Toby Lightman -- *Waiting* (Single)
- Lea DeLaria -- *The Live Smoke Sessions*
- *Frankenstein - A New Musical* -- Original Cast Recording
- Orfeh -- *What Do You Want From Me*
- *13* -- Original Broadway Cast Recording
- Patti LuPone -- *Les Mouches*
**2009**
- Sutton Foster -- *Wish*
- *Next to Normal* -- Original Broadway Cast Recording
- *Hair* -- 2009 Broadway Revival Cast Recording
- Our Time Theatre Company -- *Listen*
- *Pinkilicious* -- The Musical
- *Vanities, A New Musical* -- Original Cast Recording
**2010**
- Sam Tsui & Kurt Hugo Schneider -- *The Covers*
- *Everyday Rapture* -- Original Cast Recording
- *Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson* -- Original Cast Recording
- *Things To Ruin: The Songs of Joe Iconis* -- Original Cast Recording
**2011**
- *Women On The Verge Of A Nervous Breakdown* -- Original Broadway Cast Recording
- *Catch Me If You Can* -- Original Broadway Cast Recording
- *Sister Act* -- London Cast Recording (American release)
- *The Book of Mormon* -- Original Broadway Cast Recording
- *Elf* -- Original Broadway Cast Recording
- *Anything Goes* -- 2011 Broadway Cast Recording
- *Godspell* -- 2011 Broadway Cast Recording
- *Silence! The Musical* -- Original Cast Recording
- Melissa Errico -- *Legrand Affair*
- Anastasia Barzee -- *The Dimming of the Day*
- *Footloose* -- Original Broadway Cast Recording (2011 Re-Release)
- *A Little Princess* -- Premiere Cast Recording
**2012**
- *Newsies* -- Original Cast Recording
- *John & Jen* -- Original Cast Recording (Re-release)
- *Bring It On: The Musical* -- Music Sampler
- *Queen of the Mist* -- Original Cast Recording
- *Calvin Berger* -- Original Cast Recording
- *35MM -- A Musical Exhibition* -- Original Cast Recording
- *Carrie* -- Premiere Cast Recording
- *Pipe Dream* -- Live Encores! Cast Recording
- *Bring It On: The Musical* -- Original Broadway Cast Recording
- *Leap of Faith* -- Original Broadway Cast Recording
- Sandy Stewart & Bill Charlap -- *Something to Remember*
- *Now. Here. This.* -- Original Cast Recording
- *13* -- Original West End Cast Recording
**2013**
- *Fancy Nancy the Musical* -- Original Off-Broadway Cast Recording
- \'\'The Joe Iconis Rock and Roll Jamboree
- *Dogfight* -- Original Cast Recording
- *Rodgers + Hammerstein\'s Cinderella* -- Original Broadway Cast Recording
- *Giant* -- Original Cast Recording
- *Pippin* -- New Broadway Cast Recording
- *Hands on a Hardbody* -- Original Broadway Cast Recording
- *Marry Me a Little* -- New Off-Broadway Cast Recording
- *The Last Five Years* -- New Off-Broadway Cast Recording
- *Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812* -- Original Cast Recording
**2014**
- *Murder for Two* -- Original Cast Recording
- *A Gentleman\'s Guide to Love and Murder* -- Original Broadway Cast Recording
- *The Bridges of Madison County* -- Original Broadway Cast Recording
- *Beautiful: The Carole King Musical* -- Original Broadway Cast Recording
- *Disney\'s Aladdin -- Original Broadway Cast Recording (as Executive Producers)*
- *Love\'s Labours Lost* -- Original Cast Recording
- *A Second Chance* -- Original Cast Recording
- *Venice* -- Original Cast Recording
- Sherie Rene Scott -- *All Will Be Well*
- Alison Fraser -- *Tennessee Williams: Words and Music*
- Mary Testa & Michael Starobin -- *Have Faith*
**2015**
- *The Last Five Years* -- Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
- *Something Rotten!* -- Original Broadway Cast Recording
- *The Fortress of Solitude* -- Original Cast Recording
- Lea DeLaria -- *House of David*
- *Lady, Be Good* -- 2015 Encores! Cast Recording
- *Be More Chill* -- Original Cast Recording
- *Daddy Long Legs* -- Original Off-Broadway Cast Recording
- *Clinton, the Musical* -- Original Cast Recording
**2016**
- *The Hunchback of Notre Dame* -- American Premiere Studio Recording
**2017**
- *Lerner & Loewe\'s Brigadoon* - New York City Center 2017 Cast Recording
- ZIPPERZ by Nathaniel Stookey & Dan Harder - World Premiere Recording
**2018**
- *Songs for a New World* - New York City Center 2018 Encores! Off-Center Cast Recording
**2019**
- *Beetlejuice the Musical* - Original Broadway Cast Recording
- *Be More Chill* - Original Broadway Cast Recording
- *Kiss Me, Kate* - 2019 Broadway Cast Recording
- * Little Shop of Horrors* - The New Cast Album
- *Soft Power* - Original Cast Recording
**2021**
- *Fangirls* -- World Premiere Cast Recording
**2022**
- *A Strange Loop* - Original Broadway Cast Recording
- *Mrs. Doubtfire* - Original Broadway Cast Recording
**2023**
- *Between the Lines* - Original Cast Recording
- *Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Musical* - Studio Cast Recording
- *Kimberly Akimbo* - Original Broadway Cast Recording
**2024**
- *Harmony* - Original Broadway Cast Recording
- *The Gardens of Anuncia* - A New Musical by Michael John LaChiusa
- *Water for Elephants* - Original Broadway Cast Recording
## Awards and honors {#awards_and_honors}
### Drama Desk {#drama_desk}
Sh-K-Boom & Ghostlight were awarded a special 2006 Drama Desk Award for dedication to the preservation of musical theatre through original cast albums
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# Dos de Mayo Uprising
The ***Dos de Mayo*** or **Second of May Uprising** took place in Madrid, Spain, on 2--3 May 1808. The rebellion, mainly by civilians, with some isolated military action by junior officers, was against the occupation of the city by French troops, and was violently repressed by the French Imperial forces, with hundreds of public executions.
## Background
The city had been under the occupation of Napoleon\'s army since 23 March of the same year. King Charles IV had been forced by the Spanish people during the Tumult of Aranjuez to abdicate in favor of his son Ferdinand VII, and at the time of the uprising both were in the French city of Bayonne at the insistence of Napoleon. An attempt by the French general Joachim Murat to move Charles IV\'s daughter and her children along with his youngest son to Bayonne sparked a rebellion.
### Social aspects {#social_aspects}
The *Dos de Mayo* was among the few spontaneous popular uprisings of the war, launched without significant fore-planning, funding, or leadership by government elites. While elements within the Spanish military and state bureaucracy did envision military action to expel the French from the country, Murat\'s hold on Madrid was held to be unassailable in the short term. The two most senior uniformed leaders involved in the *Dos de Mayo*, Daoíz and Velarde y Santillán, were caught unprepared by the actions of the laboring poor: Velarde, a 28-year-old artillery captain, was secretly plotting a campaign elsewhere in the country, but considered a direct attack on the Spanish capital impractical -- drawn to the sound of gunfire, he joined the fighting contrary to his own military instinct, and would perish leading the defense of the Monteleón artillery barracks.
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# Dos de Mayo Uprising
## Beginning of the uprising {#beginning_of_the_uprising}
On 2 May a crowd began to gather in front of the Royal Palace in Madrid. Those gathered entered the palace grounds in an attempt to prevent the removal of Francisco de Paula. Marshal Murat sent a battalion of grenadiers from the Imperial Guard to the palace along with artillery detachments. The latter opened fire on the assembled crowd, and the rebellion began to spread to other parts of the city.
What followed was street fighting in different areas of Madrid as the poorly armed population confronted the French troops. Marshal Murat had quickly moved the majority of his troops into the city and there was heavy fighting around the Puerta del Sol and the Puerta de Toledo. Murat imposed martial law in the city and assumed full control of the administration. Little by little, the French regained control of the city, and many hundreds of people died in the fighting. The painting by Spanish artist Francisco de Goya, *The Charge of the Mamelukes*, portrays the street fighting that took place. The Mamelukes of the Imperial Guard fighting residents of Madrid in the Puerta del Sol, wearing turbans and using curved scimitars, provoked memories of Muslim Spain when Arabs had ruled Spain.
There were Spanish troops stationed in the city, but they remained confined to barracks. The only Spanish troops to disobey orders were from the artillery units at the barracks of Monteleón, who joined the uprising. Two officers of these troops, Luis Daoíz y Torres and Pedro Velarde y Santiyán are still commemorated as heroes of the rebellion. Both died during the French assault of the barracks, as the rebels were reduced by vastly superior numbers.
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# Dos de Mayo Uprising
## Impact of the uprising {#impact_of_the_uprising}
The repression following the crushing of the initial rebellion was harsh. Marshal Murat created a military commission on the evening of 2 May to be presided over by General Grouchy. This commission issued death sentences to all of those captured who were bearing weapons of any kind. In a statement issued that day Murat said: \"The population of Madrid, led astray, has given itself to revolt and murder. French blood has flowed. It demands vengeance. All those arrested in the uprising, arms in hand, will be shot.\"
All public meetings were prohibited and an order was issued requiring all weapons to be handed in to the authorities. Hundreds of prisoners were executed the following day, a scene captured in a famous painting by Goya, *The Third of May 1808*. As the French had been attacked with a variety of improvised weapons, any craftsmen found with shearing scissors, kitchen knives, sewing needles, or other tools of their trade were summarily shot. Only a handful of French-speaking *madrileños* were able to avoid execution by pleading in words intelligible to their executioners.
That same day, in the nearby town of Móstoles, news of the repression prompted Juan Pérez Villamil, who was secretary of the Admiralty and prosecutor of the Supreme War Council, to encourage the mayors of the town, Andrés Torrejón and Simón Hernández, to sign a declaration of war calling on all Spaniards to rise up against the invaders. The name of this declaration was \"Bando de los alcaldes de Móstoles\" or \"bando de la Independencia\", which means \"Edict of the Independence.\"
## Analysis
The *Dos de Mayo* Uprising, together with the subsequent proclamation of Napoleon\'s brother Joseph as king led to a rebellion against French rule. While the French occupiers hoped that their rapid suppression of the uprising would demonstrate their control of Spain, the rebellion actually gave considerable impetus to the resistance.
The uprising and subsequent revolts leading to the Peninsular War have sometimes been compared to the War in the Vendée, as it shared some similarities in that both were counterrevolutionary uprisings (\"the common people\'s Baroque victory over the Enlightenment\", in the words of historian Ronald Fraser). However, the Spanish revolts originated amongst urban populations rather than the rural peasantry and were spread nationally instead of just being concentrated in one region, as well as being aimed to restore a popular king. The revolt also depended upon cross-class appeal, with the labouring classes willing to fight on the insistence that the nobility and clergy likewise enlisted into military service.
## Aftermath
The *Dos de Mayo* Uprising put Iberia in revolt against French rule starting with the Action of Valdepeñas.
The Invasion of Portugal had started with the occupation of Lisbon in 1807. But the *Dos de Mayo* Uprising started a rebellion in Portugal with the Combat of Padrões de Teixeira.
The British intervention started with the Battle of Roliça led by Wellington.
The Spanish conventional warfare started with the Battles of El Bruch.
Napoleon started his invasion of Spain with the Battle of Zornoza.
## Commemoration
The Second of May is now a public holiday in the Community of Madrid. The place where the artillery barracks of Monteleón was located is now a square called the Plaza del Dos de Mayo, and the district surrounding the square is known as Malasaña in memory of one of the heroines of the revolt, the teenager Manuela Malasaña, who was executed by French troops in the aftermath of the revolt.
Several memorials to the heroes of 2 May are located around Madrid, including the Monumento a los Caídos por España (Monument to those who fell to their deaths for Spain).
The name of the Spanish Navy screw frigate `{{ship|Spanish frigate|Villa de Madrid||2}}`{=mediawiki}, in commission from 1863 to 1884, although literally meaning simply \"City of Madrid\", was chosen with the intention of honoring the role of the people of Madrid in the *Dos de Mayo* Uprising
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# Trillium vaseyi
***Trillium vaseyi*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is a spring-flowering perennial plant found only in the southeastern United States. The specific epithet *vaseyi* honors the American plant collector George Richard Vasey, not to be confused with his father Dr. George Vasey. The species is commonly called **Vasey\'s Trillium**. It is also known as the **sweet wakerobin**, **sweet trillium**, or **sweet beth**.
## Description
*Trillium vaseyi* has among the largest flowers in genus *Trillium*, with red petals up to 7 cm long. It grows in rich woods, sometimes on riverbanks but other times on steep slopes.`{{r|FNA:242102017}}`{=mediawiki}
## Taxonomy
*Trillium vaseyi* was named and described by the American botanist Thomas Grant Harbison in 1901.`{{r|IPNI:258402-2}}`{=mediawiki} The type specimen was collected in the mountains of North Carolina in 1878. In his description, Harbison mentions Dr. George Vasey but in fact the type specimen was collected by his son George Richard Vasey.`{{r|US00091979|NY00319910|NY00319911}}`{=mediawiki}
In 1938, Lane Barksdale described *Trillium vaseyi* var. *simile* based on a type specimen collected by the American botanist Henry Allan Gleason in 1904.`{{r|IPNI:258404-2}}`{=mediawiki} Although Gleason stated the flower stalk was \"declined or cernuous\", that of the type specimen is erect.`{{r|NY00051079}}`{=mediawiki} `{{As of|2025|1}}`{=mediawiki}, *Trillium vaseyi* var. *simile* `{{small|(Gleason) Barksd.}}`{=mediawiki} is a homotypic synonym for *Trillium simile* `{{small|Gleason}}`{=mediawiki}.`{{r|POWO:258390-2}}`{=mediawiki}
*Trillium vaseyi* is a member of *Trillium* subgenus *Trillium*, commonly called the ***erectum group***, seven of which occur in the southeastern United States: *Trillium cernuum*, *Trillium erectum*, *Trillium flexipes*, *Trillium rugelii*, *Trillium simile*, *Trillium sulcatum*, and *Trillium vaseyi*. Natural hybrids are common within this group.
## Distribution and habitat {#distribution_and_habitat}
*Trillium vaseyi* is endemic to the Southeastern United States. It occurs primarily in the southern Appalachian Mountains in the states of Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee.`{{r|POWO:258402-2|USDA}}`{=mediawiki} A disjunct population is also known to occur in Lee County, Alabama.`{{r|BONAP}}`{=mediawiki}
## Conservation
, the global conservation status of *Trillium vaseyi* is listed as vulnerable and near threatened by NatureServe and IUCN (resp.).`{{r|NatureServe|IUCN 2022}}`{=mediawiki} It is critically imperiled in Alabama
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# Water supply and sanitation in Paraguay
`{{External links|date=November 2024}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox water supply and sanitation
|country=Paraguay
|image=Flag of Paraguay.svg
|imagesize=100px
|water_coverage=99%
|sanitation_coverage=94%
|share_by_utilities=Urban: Nil; Rural: 60% user contribution
|tax_financing=n/a
|external_financing=n/a
|decentralization=None
|company=Yes
|regulator=Yes
|policy_setting=Ministry of Public Works and Communications
|sector_law=Yes
|urban_providers=1 large public, 500 small private
|rural_providers=2,500
}}`{=mediawiki} Despite many years of concerted efforts and achievements in expanding coverage and improving service sustainability, many issues remain to be addressed in the **water** and **sanitation** sector. Key issues include: (i) a low level of coverage for both water and sanitation, in particular in rural areas; (ii) a low level of cost recovery, despite a legal obligation for tariffs to recover costs; and (iii) an institutional framework that is only partially effective.
## Access
While coverage levels in urban areas are high using a broad definition of services, the coverage with higher levels of services (house taps and sewers) remains low compared to demand and to other countries in the region.
**Water and sanitation coverage in Paraguay (2004)**
Urban (58% of the population) Rural (42% of the population) Total
------------ ----------------------- ------------------------------- ------------------------------- -------
Water Broad definition 99% 68% 86%
Household connections 82% 25% 58%
Sanitation Broad definition 94% 61% 80%
Sewerage 16% 0% 9%
*Source*: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program ([JMP](http://www.wssinfo.org/en/welcome.html)/2006). Data for [water](http://www.wssinfo.org/pdf/country/PRY_wat.pdf) and [sanitation](http://www.wssinfo.org/pdf/country/PRY_san.pdf) based on Permanent Housing Survey of the [Census](http://www.dgeec.gov.py/Censos/index.php) (2002).
## Recent developments {#recent_developments}
In April 2007 a seminar organized by the Center of Multidisciplinary Entrepreneurial Training (CAEM)-TECMA S.A. and financed by the IDB concluded that the Juntas need to improve their management and improve collection of outstanding bills in order to avoid institutional collapse. Otherwise a "domino effect" could occur and jeopardize the financial stability of SENASA as well as the country\'s commitments to the World Bank.
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# Water supply and sanitation in Paraguay
## Responsibility for water supply and sanitation {#responsibility_for_water_supply_and_sanitation}
### Policy and regulation {#policy_and_regulation}
Responsibility for policy formulation is nominally vested in the Ministry of Public Works and Communications and regulation is entrusted to an autonomous entity, the [Regulatory Agency for Sanitation (ERSSAN)](http://www.erssan.gov.py/). The institutional framework is codified in Law 1614/00 of 2000 establishing a regulatory and tariff framework for the sector. The law, which created ERSSAN, was drafted with the expectation that private sector participation in the sector would substantially increase, which did not occur.
In practice, the Ministry of Public Works and Communications has not developed sector policies, leaving a vacuum in this important area. The regulatory agency, created for the purpose of regulating prospective private enterprises, has been ineffective at regulating the national public enterprise ESSAP. SENASA also faces many challenges, since it does not have sufficient capacity to provide adequate support to the ever-increasing number of Juntas.
### Service provision {#service_provision}
Responsibility for water and sanitation service provision in Paraguay in urban areas rests primarily with a national public enterprise, and with more than 1,621 community-managed water associations (Juntas de Saneamiento) in small cities and in rural areas.
The national enterprise, the Empresa de Servicios Sanitarios de Paraguay (ESSAP), is responsible for serving communities with populations of more than 10,000 inhabitants. In rural communities and small towns with less than 10,000 inhabitants water associations provide services, while technical assistance and financing are provided by the [National Environmental Sanitation Service (SENASA)](http://www.senasa.gov.py/).
The Juntas are grouped in 10 associations which supply water to more than half of country\'s population The first Juntas were created with the assistance of the World Bank\'s first rural water and sanitation loan to Paraguay in 1977, fostering a successful long-term partnership that endures until today.
An interesting phenomenon in Paraguay is the emergence of independent private suppliers, called "aguateros", since the 1970s. Their efforts account for a significant share of the expansion of urban water coverage in the area of the capital. Aguateros are private, informal service providers who operate small-scale systems with up to 3,000 connections. An estimated 500 private suppliers serve some total of about 500,000 people.
## Tariffs and cost recovery {#tariffs_and_cost_recovery}
### Urban areas {#urban_areas}
Urban utility tariffs are set below cost recovery levels and are adjusted infrequently, leading to substantial operating losses by the national water and sanitation enterprise. This makes it impossible to finance the investments necessary to further expand coverage and to improve service quality.
Tariffs by Aguateros fully recover costs and compare favorably with tariffs charged by the public sector. These tariffs are not regulated, but to some extent controlled by competition between aguateros serving neighboring areas.
### Rural areas {#rural_areas}
Unlike in many other countries, local Juntas are well organized and do not only recover operating and maintenance costs, but also expand their systems using their own resources and repay a portion of capital costs to the national treasury.
### Affordability
According to data collected by the Pan-American Health Organization based on multi-purpose household surveys, the share of water expenditures in household expenditures in urban areas of Paraguay was the lowest among 10 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean in the late 1990s. The share was on average 1.4% and 1.7% for urban households in the poorest income decile, showing an unusually low difference between the average and poor households. These shares are actually the same or even higher in rural areas, reflecting the unusual high levels of cost recovery in rural areas in Paraguay. Rural households spend on average 1.2% on water, and households in the poorest decile in rural areas spend 2.3% on water. Therefore, despite high levels of cost recovery, tariffs apparently remain affordable.
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# Water supply and sanitation in Paraguay
## External support {#external_support}
### World Bank {#world_bank}
As mentioned above, the World Bank's relationship with the Government of Paraguay and the SENASA on rural water systems goes back for about 30 years. It spans three successfully completed rural water projects: the [First](http://web.worldbank.org/external/projects/main?pagePK=64283627&piPK=73230&theSitePK=40941&menuPK=228424&Projectid=P007867), [Second](http://web.worldbank.org/external/projects/main?pagePK=64283627&piPK=73230&theSitePK=40941&menuPK=228424&Projectid=P007874), and [Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Projects](http://web.worldbank.org/external/projects/main?pagePK=64283627&piPK=73230&theSitePK=40941&menuPK=228424&Projectid=P007920) (approved on December 13, 1977, June 16, 1981, and September 10, 1992, respectively). As a result, the Bank is one of the institutions most trusted by the Government to assist it in this sector. From 1997 to 2007 the Bank supported the US\$ 55.7 million [Fourth Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project](http://web.worldbank.org/external/projects/main?pagePK=64283627&piPK=73230&theSitePK=40941&menuPK=228424&Projectid=P039983) (approved on August 28, 1997), which aimed at increasing water supply and sanitation coverage in rural areas. A secondary development objective was to modify SENASA's role in the sector from an implementer of projects to an efficiently managed promoter of activities.
The World Bank has also supported a pilot project to expand services in small towns by providing subsidies on a competitive basis, which involve "aguateros" as service providers. This experience is summarized in the note entitled Output-Based Aid in Water -- Lessons in Implementation from a pilot in Paraguay.
On April 14, 2009, the World Bank approved a \$64 million loan for the [Paraguay Water and Sanitation Sector Modernization Project](http://web.worldbank.org/external/projects/main?pagePK=64283627&piPK=73230&theSitePK=40941&menuPK=228424&Projectid=P095235). The objective of the project is to increase the efficiency, coverage, and sustainability of water supply and sanitation services in Paraguay by (a) improving the governance of the sector, (b) improving water services and increasing access to sewerage services in the Asunción metropolitan area, and (c) increasing access to sustainable water and sanitation services in rural areas.
### Interamerican Development Bank {#interamerican_development_bank}
In 2001 the IDB approved a US\$12m loan to support a [Small Community Water Supply Sanitation Project](http://www.iadb.org/projects/Project.cfm?project=PR0118&Language=English) executed by SENASA. Until 2007 more than US\$7m had been disbursed
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# Snaith and Cowick
**Snaith and Cowick** is a civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately 6 mi west of the town of Goole and covers an area of 2406.612 ha.
The civil parish is formed by the town of Snaith and the villages of East Cowick and West Cowick. According to the 2011 UK census, Snaith and Cowick had a population of 3,579, an increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 3,028.
The parish was part of the Goole Rural District in the West Riding of Yorkshire from 1894 to 1974, then in Boothferry district of Humberside until 1996
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| 0 |
11,008,977 |
# Laura (band)
**Laura** is a post-rock band from Melbourne, Australia.
## History
Laura formed in 2001 and released their debut EP - *Photographs\...* in 2002. Although it received positive reviews on the whole, it failed to gain the band a significant following. However, with their follow up album Mapping Your Dreams (produced by noted Japanese engineer Naomune Anzai) in 2004, they became world-renowned for their loud live shows and post-rock sound.
The album garnered high-rotation airplay and promotional support from independent radio stations FBi Radio and 2ser in Sydney as well as 3RRR and 3PBS in Melbourne. It was critically successful notably in the naming of self-released single *We Should Keep This Secret* (from their Mapping Your Dreams album) as Beat Magazine\'s single of the week in 4 September, and later becoming the magazine\'s single of that year.
*Radio Swan Is Down*, their second album, was released in 2006 and was supported by a national tour.
In February 2007, Laura supported US band Isis on their tour of Australia. *(re)capitulate*, released in October 2007, is a live recording that was recorded at the HiFi Bar in Melbourne during this tour. The live version of \'Radio Swan Is Down part 1\' was voted Beat Single of the week as well as receiving much critical acclaim for its intensity and power.
Their second EP *Yes Maybe No*, released in 2008 on US label Elevation Recordings, was limited to 2000 copies.
Having released a Japanese edition of *Radio Swan is Down* the previous year, Laura toured Japan in 2008 to promote the album, playing shows in Tokyo, Osaka and Hiroshima. In 2009, they supported Swedish band Cult of Luna and Japanese band Mono on their tours of Australia.
The band play live shows occasionally and continue to write new material.
In 2018, Andrew, Ben and Carolyn starting writing and recording some new material for their side project, Sens Dep (Sensory Deprivation). Their album Lush Desolation is being released on 30 November 2020.
## Members
- Nathan Biggin (piano, synthesizers, guitars)
- Andrew Chalmers (guitars, vocals)
- Carolyn Gannell (cello)
- Andrew Yardley (bass guitars)
- Ben Yardley (guitars)
## Discography
### Singles
- *We Should Keep This Secret* (2004)
- *I Hope* (2006)
- *Radio Swan Is Down part 1 - Live* (2007)
- *Mark the Day* (2010)
- *This Grey Earth* (2011)
- *The Slow* (2012)
### EPs
- *Photographs\..
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Laura (band)
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11,008,978 |
# Dunagiri
**Dunagiri** is a historic area in Almora district in the state of Uttarakhand in India. Dunagiri is known as the birthplace of modern-day Kriya Yoga because Lahiri Mahasaya was initiated into Kriya Yoga by Mahavatar Babaji at this site.
Approximately 400 km from Delhi, a cluster of six small villages forms the place that is variously known as Dunagiri, Drongiri and Doonagiri. 116 such villages combine to form the Development Block of Dwarahat, which falls under the District of Almora. Located at a height of 8,000 ft above sea level, Dunagiri is famous within Kumaon for its temple of Shakti -- known here as Dunagiri Devi.
## History
According to the local tradition, the town has been regularly visited by sages (*Rishi-Munis*) of India who established their ashrams here in the midst of nature. Ashram of Garga Muni was at Dunagiri after whom river Gagas is said to have been named. Shukdev Muni\'s *ashram* (son of sage Ved Vyasa) was also here, at a place now known as \"Shukdevi\". During their period of anonymous travel, the Pandavas of Mahabharata took shelter at Dunagiri. Pandukholi is said to be the place near Dunagiri where they stayed for a period of time. Pandav\'s Guru Dronacharya also did *tapasya* (devout austerity) at Dunagiri. Dunagiri is mentioned in *Manas khand* of *Skanda Purana*. Dunagiri *Devi* is described as *Mahamaya Harpriya* (*Manas khand, 36.17--18*). Manas khand of Skandpuran bestows Dunagiri with the title of Brahm-parvat (Divine Mountain). Among all the Shakti temples of Kumaon, Dunagiri is counted amid the most ancient '*Sidh Shaktipeeth*', as a primary '*ugra*' (intense) '*peeths*' -- called '*Ugra Peeth*'. This *Shaktipeeth* in its essence has been influenced over time by *Shaiva*, *Vaishnav* and *Shakt* practices.
## Mahavatar Babaji Cave {#mahavatar_babaji_cave}
This [cave](https://rishikeshdaytour.com/blog/mahavatar-babaji-cave-in-india/) is where Yoga Guru Lahiri Mahasaya got Kriya Yoga teachings directly from Mahavatar Babaji. Every day pilgrims and Kriya Yogis that follow different Gurus visit this cave.
## Transportation
### Rail
Nearest Railway Station Kathgodham is 140 km.
### Air
Nearest airport Pantnagar Airport is 178 km, nearest International Airport is New Delhi International Airport.
### Road
47 km from Ranikhet and 100 km from Nainital
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# Dinner in the Sky
**Dinner in the Sky** is a Belgian-based novelty restaurant service which uses a crane to hoist its diners, table, and waiting staff 150 ft into the air. *Forbes* magazine called it one of the world\'s ten most unusual restaurants.
Dinner in the Sky has mobile services available in 60 nations; the company has operations in various cities, including Paris and Las Vegas.
## History
In 2007, David Ghysels, the owner of a marketing and communications company, partnered with Stefan Kerkhofs, a bungee jumping organizer, to create an aerial-based dinner for the Jeunes Restaurateurs d\'Europe association. Shortly afterwards, Ghysels and Kerkhofs began receiving telephone calls from people around the world who wished to replicate their aerial dinner concept; the two men subsequently chose to franchise their idea. Ghysels said, \"People were getting bored with just going to the same old restaurants.\"
In 2008, Las Vegas resident Michael Hinden and his wife Janeen discovered Dinner in the Sky during a trade fair. On 31 December 2008, the Hindens tested the concept in Las Vegas as part of a New Year\'s Eve party for their friends and business partners. In March 2009, Michael Hinden began operating a Las Vegas-based Dinner in the Sky on West Sahara Avenue during weekends.
By August 2009, Dinner in the Sky operated in more than a dozen countries, including Canada and China. At that time, Hinden planned to move his restaurant to the Las Vegas Strip, at the site of a vacant building previously used as a sales office for the nearby Trump International Hotel. Hinden, who had 15 employees working for his restaurant service, hoped to begin operating six days a week at the new location. However, Steve Wynn, owner of the Wynn and Encore properties across the street, objected to the plan, calling Dinner in the Sky a \"carnival-like attraction.\" Boyd Gaming also opposed the relocation, which would place the restaurant near its Echelon Place project. Hinden\'s relocation plans were rejected by county officials who noted safety concerns and felt that such a restaurant did not belong on the Las Vegas Strip.
In January 2013, plans were underway for a new, permanent location in Las Vegas, near CityCenter. The new location was to cost \$4 million, and would include the conversion of an office into a ground-based restaurant and bar. A groundbreaking ceremony for the Las Vegas location took place in June 2013. The Las Vegas restaurant was the company\'s first permanent location
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# Socialite Belle Panchanne: The Wife Is a Superheroine!
is a Japanese tokusatsu comedy series that began airing April 3, 2007 on TV Tokyo. The story follows a nearly 30-year-old housewife contracted to become a bishōjo superheroine by a kami. The series is a parody of an earlier tokusatsu series titled *La Belle Fille Masquée Poitrine* and features that show\'s writer returning. Cospa is featured in several episodes.
## Characters
`{{nihongo|Yumiko Shinjō|新庄 由美子|Shinjō Yumiko|28}}`{=mediawiki}:A housewife who in her teens fought monsters as the `{{nihongo|Masked Belle Florence|美少女仮面フローレンス|Bishōjo Kamen Furōrensu}}`{=mediawiki} but gave up that lifestyle in order to become a normal girl once again. When the kami reappears, she is unsure at first, but then agrees to become the Socialite Belle Panchanne to fight the new monsters that threaten the life of her Kami-sama and her family. If her identity were to be revealed, she is told that she would transform into a sea cucumber in a fish tank.`{{r|Cucumber}}`{=mediawiki} When she introduces herself to the villain for the episode, they always point out that Panchanne cannot really be a `{{nihongo4|"belle"|美少女|bishōjo}}`{=mediawiki} as she is much too old to even be considered a `{{nihongo4|girl|少女|shōjo}}`{=mediawiki}. Also, when first confronting the villain, she will say a verse from a Japanese poem.
: To transform into Panchanne, Yumiko calls out `{{nihongo|"''[[Ancien Régime]], [[Flag of France|Tricolore]]!''"|アンシャンレジーム・トリコロール！|Anshanrejīmu Torikorōru!}}`{=mediawiki}. Panchanne\'s catchphrase is `{{nihongo|"Stepping through the flowers and the storm, the elegant and lovely fighter! The Socialite Belle Panchanne has arrived!!"|花も嵐も踏み越えて戦う愛のエレガント！美少女戦麗舞パンシャーヌ参上!!|Hana mo arashi mo fumikoete tatakau ai no ereganto! Bishōjo Serebu Panshānu sanjō!!}}`{=mediawiki}
: Panchanne wields a baton, with which she can perform her `{{nihongo|Shiroganēze Attack|シロガネーゼアタック|Shiroganēze Atakku}}`{=mediawiki}`{{r|Shiroganēze}}`{=mediawiki} which allows her to subdue villains. Her `{{nihongo|Pure Wave|ピュアウェーブ|Pyua Wēbu}}`{=mediawiki} purifies the hearts of villains. She has also used `{{nihongo|Gorgeous Scarf Whip|ゴージャスマフラーウィップ|Gōjasu Mafurā Wippu}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{nihongo|First Class Beam|ファーストクラスビーム|Fāsuto Kurasu Bīmu}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{nihongo|Elegant Four|エレガントフォア|Ereganto Foa}}`{=mediawiki}, and `{{nihongo|Gorgeous Jewel Flash|ゴージャスジュエルフラッシュ|Gōjasu Jueru Furasshu}}`{=mediawiki} against villains.
`{{nihongo|Kensuke Shinjō|新庄 健介|Shinjō Kensuke|30}}`{=mediawiki}: Yumiko\'s husband who initially is thought to be unaware of his wife\'s alteregos. However, later in the series it is revealed that before the series began he met her Kami-sama in a bar who revealed to him that she was previously Florence. After overhearing Yumiko complaining of not having an exciting life and reminiscing of her days as Florence, he pays Kami-sama to turn her into a superheroine, again. However, later in the series as her superheroics begin to put a strain on her marriage, Kensuke complains to Kami-sama, but in retaliation he turns him into Panchanne\'s nemesis the `{{nihongo|Super-Evil Devil|超悪デビル|Chōwaru Debiru}}`{=mediawiki}.\
`{{nihongo|Kiyoshi Shinjō|新庄 清志|Shinjō Kiyoshi|23}}`{=mediawiki}: Kensuke\'s younger brother who works as a police officer in the town they live in. He continually tries to discover the identity of Panchanne, often accusing other women in the community. This usually angers Yumiko to the point where she will physically beat Kiyoshi for not believing that she is in fact Panchanne.\
`{{nihongo|Risa Shinjō|新庄 理沙|Shinjō Risa|6}}`{=mediawiki}: The daughter of Yumiko and Kensuke. She discovers her mother\'s secret and becomes the `{{nihongo|Socialite Belle Panchanne-Mini|美少女戦麗舞パンシャーヌミニ|Bishōjo Serebu Panshānumini}}`{=mediawiki} to assist her mother. Her powers as Panchanne-Mini are similar and weaker than Panchanne\'s, but she has her own `{{nihongo|Shiroganēze Attack Mini|シロガネーゼアタックミニ|Shiroganēze Atakku Mini}}`{=mediawiki}.\
`{{nihongo|[[Kami]]-sama|神様}}`{=mediawiki}: A Shinto deity who previously gave Yumiko her powers as Florence and gives them to her once more as Panchanne. He has lost all of his dignity as a kami, and has resorted to swindling people out of their money. He is also very short, even shorter than Yumiko.
## Episodes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13
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# Lorne Campbell (ice hockey)
**Lorne Douglas Campbell** (October 8, 1879 -- May 6, 1957) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player from Montreal who played over 140 games in various professional leagues, including the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League (WPHL) and International Professional Hockey League (IPHL).
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Lorne Campbell, a centre forward position wise, first played senior hockey for the Montreal Hockey Club in his hometown of Montreal. He played for the organization\'s second team before joining the main squad for the 1900--01 season. He then turned professional in the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League (WPHL) with the Pittsburgh Bankers in the 1901--02 season. He played three seasons with the Bankers before joining the Pittsburgh Pros team in the IPHL, which was a merged team of the best WPHL players. Campbell played three seasons in the IPHL, also spending short stints with the Portage Lakes Hockey Club and the Calumet Miners. Campbell was one of the most prominent goal scorers in the IPHL\'s short history, ending up with both most goals and most games played at the conclusion of the league in 1907.
For the 1907--08 season, Campbell returned to Canada to play for the Winnipeg Maple Leafs of the Manitoba Professional Hockey League (MPHL). That season he played for Winnipeg in its unsuccessful Stanley Cup challenge. He played one season with the Pittsburgh Athletic Club of the WPHL, and also one game with the Winnipeg Strathconas of the MPHL, before finishing his career with one season in the National Hockey Association (NHA) with Cobalt in 1910. In 1915--16, Campbell played on the Pittsburgh Winter Garden hockey team, an amateur team based in Pittsburgh.
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# Lorne Campbell (ice hockey)
## Playing style {#playing_style}
The Toronto Star, prior to the 1908 Stanley Cup challenge with the Winnipeg Maple Leafs against the Montreal Wanderers, described Campbell as a \"fine skater and stick-handle\[r\]\" and a \"glutton for punishment\", and noted that his strong point was the manner in which he rushed the puck right in on the nets. The newspaper claimed that he seldom shot from long distance but instead was a wonder in getting through the opponent defence.
An example of Campbell taking serious punishment from opposing defence occurred in a December 1905 game between the Pittsburgh Pros and Michigan Soo Indians, in the IPHL, where Michigan Soo player Eddie Howell knocked him down in the second half of the contest with an elbow check and then clubbed him over the head with his stick. Blood was streaming down from an ugly gash below Campbell\'s right eye, and after the game it was believed he was suffering from a case of concussion of the brain.
An article in the Pittsburgh Press from March 9, 1907, chronicling Campbell\'s career in hockey up until then, claimed that while he was not considered as big of a \"star\" as deserting Pittsburgh players Hod Stuart and Billy Baird, he was considered a more reliable and uniformly good player by the newspaper, and it also noted that he could always be depended on to bring his game, which could not be said of either Stuart or Baird.
### Career statistics {#career_statistics}
Season Team League Regular season
------------- -------------------------- ------------- ---------------- -----
1899--1900 Montreal-2 CAHL-I 1 0
1900--1901 Montreal-2 CAHL-I 1 2
Montreal AAA CAHL 7 10
1901--02 Pittsburgh Bankers WPHL 13 6
Pittsburgh Bankers X-Games 5 6
1902--03 Pittsburgh Bankers WPHL 14 14
1903--04 Pittsburgh Bankers WPHL 15 21
1904--05 Pittsburgh Professionals IPHL 24 29
Portage Lakes HC IPHL 4 6
1905--06 Pittsburgh Professionals IPHL 24 35
Calumet Miners IPHL 1 3
1906--07 Pittsburgh Professionals IPHL 24 35
1907--08 Winnipeg Maple Leafs MPHL 15 29
Stanley Cup -- --
Exh. 3 2
1908--09 Winnipeg Strathconas MPHL 1 0
1908--09 Pittsburgh Athletic Club WPHL 14 11
1910 Cobalt Silver Kings NHA 2 4
WPHL totals 56 52
IPHL totals 77 108
**Source:** *Total Hockey*, *eliteprospects.com* and *sihrhockey
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# Mamiña
**Mamiña** is a small village in northern Chile located 130 km east from Iquique at 2800 metres (9.340 ft.) above sea level in the foothills of Los Andes Mountain range. Famous for its many hot springs that reach surface at 70 Cº, which are claimed to be beneficial for skin and bones. It has some hotels and hostels and basic services
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| 0 |
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# Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid
**UDP-glucuronic acid** is a sugar used in the creation of polysaccharides and is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid (except in primates and guinea pigs). It also participates in the heme degradation process of human.
It is made from UDP-glucose by UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.22) using NAD+ as a cofactor. It is the source of the glucuronosyl group in glucuronosyltransferase reactions
| 68 |
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| 0 |
11,009,187 |
# George Cochrane (ice hockey)
**John \"Goldie\" Cochrane** (September 27, 1881 -- April 15, 1952) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player.
## Biography
Born in Berlin (today known as Kitchener), Ontario, in 1881, Cochrane began playing hockey as a boy in Berlin in the 1890s. Beginning in 1900, he played for the amateur senior teams in Berlin and Galt. For the 1906--07 season, he moved to Houghton, Michigan, where he played for Houghton-Portage Lakes in the International Professional Hockey League. Cochrane, playing as a rover, participated in 17 games and scored 12 goals for Portage Lakes, helping the team win the league championship that year.
Cochrane joined the Canadian Expeditionary Force in 1914 and was sent overseas to fight in World War I. He returned to Canada in 1918 after being wounded. His playing career over, Cochrane relocated to Exeter, Ontario, and coached teams in the Ontario Hockey Association for several years. He died in 1952, at age 70
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11,009,193 |
# Plug It In
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{{album chart|Flanders|40|artist=Krezip|album=Plug It In|rowheader=true|accessdate=27 July 2020}}
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| 23 |
Plug It In
| 0 |
11,009,202 |
# Alice Kessler-Harris
**Alice Kessler-Harris** (June 2, 1941, Leicester) is R. Gordon Hoxie Professor Emerita of American History at Columbia University, and former president of the Organization of American Historians, and specialist in the American labor and comparative and interdisciplinary exploration of women and gender.
## Education
Kessler-Harris received her B.A. from Goucher College in 1961 and her Ph.D. from Rutgers University in 1968.
## Career
She contributed the piece \"Pink Collar Ghetto, Blue Collar Token\" to the 2003 anthology *Sisterhood Is Forever: The Women\'s Anthology for a New Millennium*, edited by Robin Morgan.
Her newest book, *A Difficult Woman: The Challenging Life and Times of Lillian Hellman*, was published in June 2012. Her other books include *Gendering Labor History*, which collects some of her best-known essays on women and wage work; *In Pursuit of Equity: Women, Men, and the Quest for Economic Citizenship in Twentieth Century America*, which won several prizes including the Joan Kelly Prize, the Philip Taft award, and the Bancroft Prize. Among her other fellowships and awards, Kessler-Harris has been a fellow at the National Humanities Center in Durham, North Carolina and at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. She is the past president of the Labor and Working-Class History Association
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11,009,228 |
# El inmigrante
***El inmigrante*** (\"The Immigrant\") is a 2005 documentary directed and written by brothers David and John Eckenrode along with John Sheedy, about immigrant deaths along the U.S.-Mexico border. The film documents the story of the fatal encounter between Mexican migrant Eusebio de Haro Espinosa and elderly Texan Sam Blackwood, close to Blackwood\'s property near the international border.
## Cast
- The de Haro family
- Brackettville (Texas) community members
- Vigilante border militias in Arizona
- The horseback border patrol in El Paso
- Migrants
## Awards
The film won the award of Best Documentary Film at the 2007 Byron Bay International Film Festival
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11,009,240 |
# Frank Glass
**Frank \"Pud\" Glass** (February 10, 1884 -- March 2, 1965) was a Scottish-Canadian professional ice hockey player who played in various professional and amateur leagues, including the National Hockey Association and Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association. He was a member of the Montreal Wanderers\' Stanley Cup champion teams in the 1905--06, 1906--07, 1907--08 and 1909--10 seasons. He was the captain of Montreal Wanderers when they won their fourth Stanley Cup.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Frank Glass was born in Broughty Ferry, Scotland, but raised in Canada. He played hockey in his neighbourhood of Pointe-Saint-Charles in Montreal. His first senior team was the Montreal Wanderers, then an amateur team for the 1904--05 season. He would play for the Montreal Wanderers for seven seasons. In 1906, he became a professional paid player on the Wanderers, one of five out of a roster of nine. He first signed a contract with the Montreal Hockey Club, then chose not to report and signed with the Wanderers instead for more money. His situation caused a problem for the league, which eventually allowed him to play for the Wanderers and fined him \$50. A similar situation occurred before the 1907--08 season and Glass was again fined and threatened with league expulsion if he signed two contracts again. During his time with the Wanderers the Wanderers were the top team in the country, winning league championship and Stanley Cups from 1906 until 1910. In 1911--12, his final season, he played for the Montreal Canadiens.
Frank Glass grew up in the same neighbourhood of Pointe-Saint-Charles in Montreal as fellow Montreal Wanderers player Ernie \"Moose\" Johnson, and the two were inseparable companions off the ice and also teamed well together on the ice. Glass and Johnson played together on the 1902--03 Montreal St. Lawrence team in the Montreal City Hockey League before rejoining in the 1906 season on the Montreal Wanderers in the ECAHA. At the onset of the 1905--06 season Brooklyn Skating Club manager Tom Howard tried to acquire both Glass and Johnson to his club, but the AAHL rules committee ruled the Canadians ineligible to play with the American club on counts of professionalism.
## Deployment and playing style {#deployment_and_playing_style}
Outside of the left wing position, Glass also played as a rover, the more free-roaming position in the seven man game between defence and the forward line. The March 21, 1908 issue of the Ottawa Citizen, in a review of the players on the Montreal Wanderers, claimed that Glass\' greatest strength as a player was his checking. The newspaper claimed that Glass\' effectiveness as a player was not evidently visible to the spectators:
## Career statistics {#career_statistics}
MCHL = Montreal City Hockey League
Regular season
--------------- ----------------------- ------------- ---- ----------------
Season Team League GP G
1901--02 Montreal St. Lawrence MCHL -- --
1902--03 Montreal St. Lawrence MCHL -- --
1903--04 Montreal St
| 478 |
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| 0 |
11,009,293 |
# Barney Holden
**Bernard \"Barney\" Holden** (March 21, 1881 -- October 27, 1948) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who played 146 games in various professional and amateur leagues, including the National Hockey Association and International Professional Hockey League. Amongst the teams he played with were the Montreal Shamrocks and Quebec Bulldogs.
He was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba.
## Career
Barney Holden started out his amateur ice hockey career in his hometown of Winnipeg, playing for the CPR and Shamrocks teams in the local amateur leagues between 1901 and 1903.
In 1904, he became one of the first professional ice hockey players in history, playing with the Portage Lakes Hockey Club in Houghton, Michigan, in the IPHL. He scored the first goal in the first game of the first professional hockey league game on December 9, 1904, in the Pittsburgh Duquesne Gardens. Holden won two IPHL championships with the Portage Lakes Hockey Club, in 1905--06 and 1906--07. The 1905--06 team included four future Hockey Hall of Fame members in Riley Hern, Joe Hall, Bruce Stuart and Cyclone Taylor.
In 1907, Holden moved back to Winnipeg to play for the Maple Leafs aggregation, and in March 1908 the team challenged the Montreal Wanderers for the Stanley Cup, losing 8--20 (5--11, 3--9) over two games on March 10 and 12.
For the 1909--1910 season, he moved to Montreal to play for the Montreal Shamrocks in the CHA and the NHA.
During the 1910--11 season, Holden was a member of the Quebec Bulldogs in the NHA, and in 1911--12 he moved to Saskatoon to play for the Wholesalers in the Saskatchewan Professional Hockey League.
## Playing style {#playing_style}
Holden was a big-sized player for his era, standing at 6 feet and weighing 200 pounds, and while he did not have a reputation as one of the dirtiest players of his era, he could still handle himself physically with a punishing playing style. While Holden was a member of the Winnipeg Maple Leafs, the team played in an infamous qualifying game against the Winnipeg Hockey Club on December 19, 1907, where the Winnipeg Hockey Club players walked off the ice in protest of the Maple Leafs rough-house antics. Holden himself described the contest as the roughest game he was ever in, and his two teammates Harry Smith and Joe Hall were later expelled from the league for their rough-house antics in the game.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
After his playing career, Holden settled in Vancouver, British Columbia, where he worked for the Rat Portage Lumber Company.
He died in Burnaby, British Columbia and is buried at Mountain View Cemetery in Vancouver.
## Statistics
Regular season
-------------------- --------------------------- ------------- ---- ----------------
Season Team League GP G
1904--05 Portage Lakes Hockey Club IPHL 24 9
1905--06 Portage Lakes Hockey Club IPHL 20 9
1906--07 Portage Lakes Hockey Club IPHL 20 4
Winnipeg Strathconas MHL 1 1
1907--08 Winnipeg Maple Leafs MHL 15 4
Stanley Cup -- --
Exh
| 493 |
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| 0 |
11,009,353 |
# Aughton, East Riding of Yorkshire
**Aughton** is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Ellerton, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately 7 mi north-west of the market town of Howden and 9 mi south-west of the market town of Pocklington. In 1931 the parish had a population of 100. On 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished to form Ellerton.
It lies west of the B1228 road and east of the River Derwent.
## All Saints Church {#all_saints_church}
All Saints Church, Aughton is located at the far end of the village and overlooks vast expanses of the floodplains of the River Derwent. Tucked away in the village, it can only be accessed on foot through a small gate and field adjacent to Aughton Hall. An historic church, famous for its association with Robert Aske, leader of the insurgents in the Pilgrimage of Grace, October 1536. Aske was executed for treason on 12 July 1537. The church displays a mixture of architectural designs as it has been altered throughout the years, but is noted especially for its Norman arch between the chancel and nave. On the chancel floor a well-preserved ancient brass of a knight in 15th century plate armour and his lady can be found, although much of the lady is now missing. Standing in the churchyard and looking up at the tower, (which was rebuilt by Christopher Aske sometime after 1536), a shield with six quarterings can be seen engraved on the outside wall, now badly weathered but it offers the following inscription in old French text: \"*Christofer le second filz de Robert Ask chr oblier ne doy, Ao Di 1536.*\" This is literally translated as: \"*Christopher, the second son of Robert Aske, chevalier, ought not to forget the year of our Lord 1536.*\" Also on the tower is a benchmark of the time and carved, in sunk relief, a newt or salamander otherwise known in Old English as an Ask.
The church was designated in 1966 as a Grade I listed building and is now recorded in the National Heritage List for England, maintained by Historic England.
To the north of the church are the surviving earthworks, now restored, of a motte-and-bailey castle, that has been scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 as an ancient monument
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# Fred Lake (ice hockey)
**Frederick Edgar Lake** (March 12, 1883 -- November 29, 1937) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He was one of the first professional players and he played 181 games in various professional and amateur leagues, including the National Hockey Association, Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association, and International Professional Hockey League. Amongst the teams he played with were the Ottawa Senators and Toronto Ontarios. He won two Stanley Cups in 1909 and 1911 with Ottawa.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Born in Moosomin, Saskatchewan (then in the Northwest Territories), Fred Lake first played senior-level hockey for the Moosomin Hockey Club in 1900--01. In 1902, he turned professional with the Pittsburgh Keystones of the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League (WPHL). In 1903, he played for the Portage Lakes Hockey Club (of Houghton, Michigan) that claimed the \"US Professional Championship\". For 1903--04, he would sign up for the new International Professional Hockey League (IPHL) first playing for the Michigan Soo Indians in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan before moving back to Portage Lakes, where he would play for three seasons until 1907.
Lake moved back to Canada in 1907, playing first for the Winnipeg Strathconas then the Winnipeg Maple Leafs. As a member of the Maple Leafs he would play in an unsuccessful Stanley Cup challenge against the Montreal Wanderers in 1908.
For the 1908--09 season, Lake signed with the Pittsburgh Athletic Club of the WPHL. However, after three games he was released because of his rough play. He was signed by the Ottawa Hockey Club of the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association (ECHA) and helped Ottawa win the Stanley Cup. In the early years of his hockey career Lake had been a left winger, but with Ottawa he was converted into a defenceman. He would remain a player with Ottawa for four seasons, winning another Stanley Cup championship in 1911, before being traded to the Toronto Ontarios in 1913, where he played for one season. For his final season, he returned via a trade to Ottawa. He only played two games for the Senators that season and retired after the season.
## Death
Fred Lake was found dead in his car in an unoccupied shed at the rear end of a vacant house near Connaught Park Racetrack in Aylmer, Quebec near Ottawa on November 30, 1937, with the exhaust pipe of the automobile connected to the inside of the vehicle. Cause of death was deemed asphyxiation by carbon monoxide gas. He had been involved in a motor accident two years prior and had been in ill health ever since the accident. He was 54 years old.
## Statistics
Exh. = Exhibition games
Regular season
-------------------- --------------------------- ------------- ---- ----------------
Season Team League GP G
1902--03 Pittsburgh Keystones WPHL 5 1
Portage Lakes Hockey Club Exh. 2 8
1903--04 Michigan Soo Indians Exh
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# Systems simulation
Computers are used to generate numeric models for the purpose of describing or displaying complex interaction among multiple variables within a system. The complexity of the system arises from the stochastic (probabilistic) nature of the events, rules for the interaction of the elements and the difficulty in perceiving the behavior of the systems as a whole with the passing of time.
## Systems Simulation in Video Games {#systems_simulation_in_video_games}
One of the most notable video games to incorporate systems simulation is Sim City, which simulates the multiple systems of a functioning city including but not limited to: electricity, water, sewage, public transportation, population growth, social interactions (including, but not limited to jobs, education and emergency response)
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# Distance Diagnostics Through Digital Imaging
**Distance Diagnostics through Digital Imaging** (DDDI) is the name of a system developed at the University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. It allows textual information and descriptive images to be submitted directly from Georgia county Extension offices for rapid diagnosis of plant and pest disease issues by resource professionals at the University. Since its inception in the late 1990s, universities throughout the United States have adapted this system for their use.
DDDI was developed by an IT team in collaboration with agricultural specialists at the University of Georgia in 1997. DDDI was initially created to allow Cooperative Extension offices throughout Georgia to easily submit relevant information and images of plant diseases; the goal is to receive a rapid diagnosis from University faculty, facilitating timely, corrective action. This new method for submitting samples of unidentified pests and organisms was exceptionally efficient, resulting in significant time and cost savings. "It\'s a reality that we can\'t have every specialist in every corner of the state to help farmers. But \[DDDI\] puts together expertise and technology, and this allows us to increase our service,\" said Stephen Portch, former University of Georgia Chancellor.
Customized DDDI systems are currently in place in ten US states, the Dominican Republic, the American Protectorates of the Pacific, and all of Central America. The system has grown to include commercial clients as well. DDDI has expanded from plant pathology into entomology, marine sciences, crop and soil sciences, forestry, and veterinary medicine.
The system utilizes conventional software and hardware, and has taken advantage of the Internet and the World Wide Web to attempt to improve the convenience of accessing such material as needed by various individuals
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# Ken Mallen
**William Kenneth Russell Mallen** (October 4, 1884 -- April 23, 1930) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He won two Stanley Cups in his career, in 1910 with the Ottawa Senators, and in 1915 with the Vancouver Millionaires. Mallen played over 150 games in his career.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Born in Morrisburg, Ontario, Mallen played one season with Cornwall of the Federal Amateur Hockey League (FAHL) before turning professional with the Calumet Miners of the International Professional Hockey League (IPHL) in 1904. His first season, he scored 38 goals in 24 games to establish a goal-scorer\'s reputation. He left the IPHL because of the rough play in December 1905, returning to the FAHL, although he returned to Calumet for one final season in 1907.
Mallen played in 1907--08 with Toronto of the Ontario Professional Hockey League and the Montreal Hockey Club, then played another season in the United States for the Pittsburgh Athletic Club of the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League (WPHL). Mallen continued his team-hopping ways, playing in Ottawa from December 1909 until December 1910, then the Quebec Bulldogs in 1910--11, before moving out west to play in the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA), where he played three seasons with the New Westminster Royals, one with the Vancouver Millionaires, one with the Victoria Aristocrats and one with the Spokane Canaries before retiring in 1917.
His older brother Jim Mallen was also a professional ice hockey player and the two brothers played on the same Calumet Miners team in the 1905--06 and 1906--07 seasons.
## Playing style {#playing_style}
Ken Mallen was known as one of the speediest players of his era and he was also a capable goal scorer. During the 1912--13 PCHA season Mallen won a speed skating contest against fellow PCHA players Moose Johnson, Si Griffis and Cyclone Taylor, all of them considered to be among the quickest players in the game at the time. Mallen played both as a winger and as a rover during his career.
## Post career {#post_career}
After retiring from hockey, Mallen worked as a referee and a skating instructor, teaching speed-skating in Ottawa and skating for the London, Ontario Skating Club
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# Uridine diphosphate galactose
**Uridine diphosphate galactose** (**UDP-galactose**) is an intermediate in the production of polysaccharides. It is important in nucleotide sugars metabolism, and is the substrate for the transferase B4GALT5.
## Sugar metabolism {#sugar_metabolism}
Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-galactose is relevant in glycolysis. UDP-galactose is the activated form of Gal, a crucial monosaccharide building block for human milk oligosaccharide (HMO). The activated form of galactose (Gal) serves as a donor molecule involved in catalyzing the conversion of UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose. The conversion is a rate-limiting step essential to the pace of UDP-glucose production that determines the completion of glycosylation reactions.
To further explain, UDP-galactose is derived from a galactose molecule which is an epimer of glucose, and via the Leloir pathway, it is used be used as a precursor for the metabolism of glucose into pyruvate. When lactose is hydrolyzed, D-Galactose enters the liver via the bloodstream. There, galactokinase phosphorylates it to galactose-1-phosphate using ATP. This compound then engages in a \"ping-pong\" reaction with UDP-glucose, catalyzed by uridylyltransferase, yielding glucose-1-phosphate and UDP-galactose. This glucose-1-phosphate feeds into glycolysis, while UDP-galactose undergoes epimerization to regenerate UDP-glucose
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# Marcano
**Marcano** is a surname of Spanish origin. The Italian version of this surname is \"Marciano\". It was a military family that came to the New World with Christopher Columbus. The Family later grew and spread throughout the Caribbean, where the surname became rooted in the countries of Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Cuba and Venezuela (Margarita Island) and eventually Trinidad & Tobago.
## People
Notable people with the surname include:
- Alfredo Marcano (1947--2009), Venezuelan boxer
- Arturo J. Marcano Guevara, Venezuelan sports author and activist
- Bobby Marcano (1951--1990), Venezuelan baseball player
- César Marcano (born 1987), Venezuelan cyclist
- Cristina Marcano (born 1960), Venezuelan biographer of Hugo Chávez
- Danielle Marcano (born 1997), Puerto Rican footballer
- Elias Marcano (born 1971), Venezuelan wrestler
- Héctor Marcano (born 1956), Puerto Rican television producer, host, actor and comedian
- (born 1979), Venezuelan lawyer and politician
- Iván Marcano (born 1987), Spanish footballer
- Jason Marcano (1983--2019), Trinidad and Tobago footballer
- Jesús Marcano Moya (born 1980), Venezuelan engineer and computer hacker.
- Jesús Rosas Marcano (1930--2001), Venezuelan educator, journalist, poet and composer
- José Rafael Marcano, Venezuelan engineer and videogame programmer
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# Time Waits for No One (Rolling Stones song)
- jazz rock
\| length = `{{Duration|m=6|s=38}}`{=mediawiki} \| label = Rolling Stones/Virgin \| writer = Jagger/Richards \| producer = The Glimmer Twins }} \"**Time Waits for No One**\" is a song by the English rock band the Rolling Stones from the 1974 album *It\'s Only Rock \'n Roll*. It was the first song recorded for the album.
Credited to Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, \"Time Waits for No One\" is a slow-tempo, almost hypnotic song dissimilar to the ones for which the Stones are best known. The track features a distinctive groove that has been compared to the later song \"Waiting on a Friend\", which was initially recorded in late 1972. However, it seems like the song\'s unique musical inspiration seems to come more from their 1971 song Moonlight Mile and their 1973 track \"Can You Hear The Music\". It is also noted for its distinct Latin influences. The song begins with a riff played by Richards, repeated throughout the song. Drummer Charlie Watts and Bill Wyman incorporated jazz beats throughout this performance. Song contributor Ray Cooper provides the distinctive driving percussion for the song, including tambourine, maracas and a knocking beat that carries through the entire song like the sound of a ticking clock. Wyman also contributes an early use of synthesizer on a Stones track. Stones recording veteran Nicky Hopkins provides the song\'s swirling piano runs.
The most notable aspects of the song are the extended guitar solo played by Mick Taylor and the haunting lyrics by Mick Jagger. Taylor credits the inspiration for the solo to a visit to Brazil, which followed the Stones\' European Tour 1973. Taylor\'s solo piece echoes beautifully throughout the entire song. It\'s worth noting that Taylor\'s solo in the song is reminiscent of solos in Carlos Santana\'s \"Song of the Wind\" from his 1972 album Caravanserai
Jagger\'s lyrics are a pastiche of complex observations and reflections. He speaks in the voice of a person seeking the true meaning of life, that, as the title suggests, time waits for no one: `{{poemquote|''Yes, star crossed in pleasure the stream flows on by''
''Yes, as we're sated in leisure, we watch it fly{{nbsp}}...''
''Drink in your summer, gather your corn''
''The dreams of the night time will vanish by dawn''}}`{=mediawiki}
AllMusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine described \"Time Waits for No One\" as having \"aching beauty\". The song, though well regarded among the Stones\' canon of work, has never been performed live and has appeared on only two compilation albums. The track appeared on the British compilation album *Time Waits for No One: Anthology 1971--1977*, issued in 1979. This album was available on vinyl only (CDC59107) and has never been released on CD. Subsequently, the track was included on the 1981 album *Sucking in the Seventies* but it was a truncated version of the original. Taylor\'s solo was faded out early, making it about two minutes shorter than the original.
The science-fiction thriller *Time After Time* features the song during the chorus while Malcolm McDowell is time-traveling as H. G. Wells
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# Jillian Becker
**Jillian Becker** (born 2 June 1932) is a South African-born British author, journalist, and lecturer, who specialises in research about terrorism. Her work includes *Hitler\'s Children: The Story of the Baader-Meinhof Terrorist Gang* (1977).
## Early life and move to London {#early_life_and_move_to_london}
Becker\'s father was Bernard Friedman, a South African surgeon and politician who co-founded the anti-apartheid Progressive Party. Becker attended Roedean School in Johannesburg before graduating from the University of the Witwatersrand.
Becker left her first husband, Michael Geber, in South Africa to live in Italy with her second husband, Gerry Becker, before moving to London in 1960, living at Mountfort Crescent, near Barnsbury Square in London. It was here that Becker\'s friend, Sylvia Plath, came to stay with her young children in the days immediately before Plath\'s suicide. Becker\'s book *Giving Up* is based around Plath\'s last days there.
## Career and political advocacy {#career_and_political_advocacy}
Becker\'s best-known book, *Hitler\'s Children: The Story of the Baader-Meinhof Terrorist Gang*, is about the German Red Army Faction. The book was chosen by Golo Mann as *Newsweek* (Europe) book of the year 1977, and serialised in newspapers in London, Oslo and Tokyo.
*The PLO: The Rise and Fall of the Palestine Liberation Organization* was commissioned by Weidenfeld & Nicolson and published in 1984. Becker spent months in Lebanon during the Lebanese Civil War, which Israel entered to confront the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). She claimed to have retrieved secret documents from the ruins of bombed PLO office buildings and to have interviewed Lebanese of all denominations and Palestinians who had experienced PLO oppression, as well as supporters, members and leaders of the PLO. The book was heavily criticized by the *Journal of Palestine Studies* as \"facile and tendentious,\" as well as the lack of any PLO members being interviewed.
In the 1980s, Becker served in a multi-party working group to advise the British Parliament on measures to combat international terrorism. She was also consulted by the embassies of several countries affected by domestic terrorist organisations, some of which were supported by foreign nation states. In many of these cases, terrorist activity was an aspect of proxy wars, which Becker called \"the hot spots of the Cold War\". In 1985, with Lord Chalfont, a former minister in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Becker founded the Institute for the Study of Terrorism (IST), becoming its executive director from 1985 to 1990.
Becker is on the council of The Freedom Association, and is the manager and editor of *The Atheist Conservative* blog. She lives in California
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# Ran McDonald
**Ranald \"Ran\" John McDonald** (November 21, 1889 -- January 29, 1950) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 159 games in various professional and amateur leagues, including the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA). Among the teams he played with were the New Westminster Royals, Portland Rosebuds, Victoria Aristocrats, and Spokane Canaries.
He also played lacrosse with the Vancouver Lacrosse Club.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Born in Cashion\'s Glen, Ontario, McDonald played for various senior teams in Fort William, Ontario, and Port Arthur, Ontario, before joining the new New Westminster Royals of the PCHA. He was named to the league\'s first all-star team in 1912, 1913, and 1914. McDonald played eight seasons in all in the PCHA before 1919. He played in the ill-fated 1919 Stanley Cup Finals, cancelled after five games due to the Spanish flu pandemic, and played one more season in 1920--21 with the Edmonton Dominions of the Big Four League before retiring
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# Galactose 1-phosphate
D-**Galactose-1-phosphate** is an intermediate in the intraconversion of glucose and uridine diphosphate galactose. It is formed from galactose by galactokinase.The improper metabolism of galactose-1-phosphate is a characteristic of galactosemia. The Leloir pathway is responsible for such metabolism of galactose and its intermediate, galactose-1-phosphate. Deficiency of enzymes found in this pathway can result in galactosemia; therefore, diagnosis of this genetic disorder occasionally involves measuring the concentration of these enzymes. One of such enzymes is galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT). The enzyme catalyzes the transfer of a UDP-activator group from UDP-glucose to galactose-1-phosphate. Although the cause of enzyme deficiency in the Leloir pathway is still disputed amongst researchers, some studies suggest that protein misfolding of GALT, which may lead to an unfavorable conformational change that impacts its thermal stability and substrate-binding affinity, may play a role in the deficiency of GALT in Type 1 galactosemia. Increase in galactitol concentration can be seen in patients with galactosemia; putting patients at higher risk for presenile cataract
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# No Humans Involved (novel)
***No Humans Involved*** is the seventh novel in Kelley Armstrong\'s fantasy series *Women of the Otherworld*. It is narrated by Jaime Vegas, a necromancer.
## Plot
Jaime found herself wrestling with her decision to participate. While the promise of money and the possibility of gaining control over her abilities had initially drawn her in, the show\'s relentless pursuit of the paranormal was beginning to take a toll on her psyche. The relentless exposure to haunted locations and the escalating obsession with eerie phenomena was pushing Jaime to confront her deepest fears. She had always avoided using her abilities, but the show\'s unrelenting focus on the supernatural was forcing her to break free from her self-imposed limits.
Meanwhile, Eve, Jaime\'s loyal companion, became increasingly suspicious of the show\'s production. She had noticed subtle inconsistencies in the footage, leading her to suspect that producer Jeremy was orchestrating events behind the scenes to amp up the drama for higher ratings. As she delved deeper, Eve uncovered a hidden agenda lurking within the show\'s production. She realized that a mysterious entity seemed to be influencing the haunted locations, manipulating the events and fueling the show\'s sensationalistic narrative.
Jaime, the enigmatic paranormal investigator, found herself drawn into a haunting case when Hope Adams approached her with a plea for help. Haunted by the restless spirit of her deceased husband, Hope sought Jaime\'s expertise to appease the troubled soul. With reluctance, Jaime accepted the task, unaware of the malevolent force lurking behind the guise. As Jaime delved into the investigation, she uncovered a sinister truth. The spirit haunting Hope was not her husband at all but a malevolent entity masquerading as him. Jaime\'s senses detected the demonic nature of the creature and realized it was working in concert with a shadowy figure named Karl Marsten.
Faced with the growing threat, Jaime unleashed the full extent of her paranormal prowess. A fierce confrontation ensued, leaving Hope deeply shaken and disturbed by the revelation of the demon\'s true nature. Meanwhile, Eve, a determined researcher, pursued her own investigations that led her to Savannah Levine, her estranged daughter. Savannah revealed a dark family secret, a curse that had plagued their lineage for generations, fueling the supernatural events that plagued Jaime\'s investigations.
The demon, emboldened by the show\'s success, orchestrates a gruesome public display, targeting the show\'s crew and viewers. Jaime realizes the demon is feeding on the fear and energy generated by the show, using it as a conduit to escape its confinement. Jeremy, consumed by his own ambition, refuses to believe the truth, pushing Jaime and Eve to confront him. The confrontation turns violent, leaving Jeremy struggling with the consequences of his actions. Jaime, with the help of a reluctantly supportive Eve, confronts Savannah and the demon. She realizes he must embrace her powers and the darkness within her to defeat the demon, ultimately making a desperate choice to sacrifice herself to break the curse that binds hiler and Savannah.
Jaime\'s sacrifice creates a wave of energy that neutralizes the demon and breaks the curse, freeing Savannah from its influence. The show is canceled, and Jeremy is forced to face the fallout of his actions. Eve, forever changed by the ordeal, takes over the camera, vowing to expose the truth behind the paranormal world. She reflects on Jaime\'s sacrifice, understanding the burden she carried and the lengths she went to protect others.
## Characters
- **Jaime Vegas** - A necromancer with a troubled past and a dangerous ability to raise the dead.
- **Jeremy Danvers** - The enigmatic Alpha werewolf, leads the Pack, a powerful tribe of shape-shifters.
- **Eve Levine** - The charismatic witch, possesses a deep understanding of the supernatural world.
- **Hope Adams** - A cunning werewolf with a thirst for both blood and knowledge.
- **Savannah Levine** - Eve\'s younger sister who struggles to control her growing powers as a witch.
- **Karl Marsten** - The mysterious on the rogue werewolf with a complex connection to Jaime
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# Sibby Nichols
**Sebastian John \"Sibby\" Nichols** (August 10, 1884 -- January 20, 1957) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 110 games in various amateur and professional leagues, including the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association and Pacific Coast Hockey Association. Amongst the teams he played with were the Montreal Shamrocks, Vancouver Millionaires, Victoria Aristocrats, Spokane Canaries, and Seattle Metropolitans. He also played lacrosse with the Vancouver Lacrosse Club.
## Biography
Nichols started out playing hockey in Montreal, Quebec where he represented the Montreal Shamrocks, Montreal Light Heat Power, and Montreal Astor-Canadien in different leagues. In the 1910--11 season he also played for the Moncton Victorias of the IPPHL and Belleville of the EOPHL, before moving out west to Vancouver and the Vancouver Millionaires in the PCHA for the 1912 season.
Nichols played for the Vancouver Millionaires from 1912 to 1916, though in the 1914--15 season when the Millionaires won its only Stanley Cup he was with the military and stationed in Asia on the ship *RMS Empress of Russia* at the outbreak of World War I. Back in the league for the 1915--16 season Nichols played one game with the Millionaires before moving on to the Victoria Aristocrats.
The Aristocrats were transferred to Spokane, Washington for the 1916--17 PCHA season and played there for one year as the Spokane Canaries, with Nichols tallying 10 goals. In March 1917 Nichols entered the Canadian Over-Seas Expeditionary Forces and did not play for two seasons before making a brief comeback in the 1919--20 season with the Seattle Metropolitans, appearing in the 1920 Stanley Cup Finals.
Nichols was born in Alexandria in the township of North Glengarry, Ontario in 1884, and he died in Los Angeles in 1957.
## Statistics
CAHL-I = Canadian Amateur Hockey League-Intermediate, MMfHL = Montreal Manufacturers Hockey League, MCSHL = Montreal City Senior Hockey League\
IPPHL = Inter-Provincial Professional Hockey League, EOPHL = Eastern Ontario Professional Hockey League, Exhb. = Exhibition games
Regular season
------------- --------------------------- ------------- ---- ----------------
Season Team League GP G
1907--08 Montreal Shamrocks-2 CAHL-I 3 5
1908--09 Montreal Shamrocks-2 CAHL-I 6 --
Montreal Light Heat Power MMfHL 10 11
1909 Montreal Shamrocks ECHA 2 0
1909--10 Montreal Light Heat Power MMfHL 9 11
1909--10 Montreal Shamrocks CHA 1 1
1910--11 Montreal Light Heat Power MMfHL 3 8
Montreal Astor-Canadien MCSHL 2 2
Moncton Victorias IPPHL 5 13
Belleville EOPHL 2 3
1912 Vancouver Millionaires PCHA 15 19
1912--13 Vancouver Millionaires PCHA 1 0
1913--14 Vancouver Millionaires PCHA 12 14
1914--15
1915--16 Vancouver Millionaires PCHA 1 0
PCHA All-Stars Exhb. 2 2
Victoria Aristocrats PCHA 11 12
1916--17 Spokane Canaries PCHA 23 10
1917--18
1918--19
1919--20 Seattle Metropolitans PCHA 4 0
Stanley Cup -- --
PCHA totals 67 55
*Statistics from Society of International Hockey Research at sihrhockey
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# Marta Rivera de la Cruz
**Marta Rivera de la Cruz** (1970, Lugo, Spain) is a Spanish writer and politician from the Peoples Party. She was elected to the 15th Congress of Deputies in the 2023 Spanish general election from Madrid.
## Biography
Rivera de la Cruz was born into a family of well-known journalists. At the age of 18 she moved to Madrid, where she earned a bachelor of science degree in information with a specialty in political communication from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. She spent a quarter studying at Oxford University on a scholarship. She continues to live in Madrid. She wrote her doctoral thesis in the Department of Philology at the Universidad Complutense and is a member of the editorial team of the on-line magazine of the Department, *Espéculo*.
She began her literary career in 1996 with the novel *El refugio* (The Refuge), for which she received the Premio de Novela Corta Joven y Brillante (1996). Two years later, in 1998, she won the Premio Ateneo of Seville for the novel *Que veinte años no es nada* (Twenty Years is Nothing), in which she relates the unchanging passion that Luisa feels for a famous writer, Cósimo Herrera, twenty years her elder. The novel went through five editions. In 2000 Rivera de la Cruz published two novels, *Linus Daff, inventor de historias* (Linus Daff, Inventor of Stories) and *Viajar a Chipre* (Traveling to Cyprus).
Besides her novels, Rivera de la Cruz has also written essays. In 2001 she published a book of essays entitled *Fiestas que hicieron historia* (Fiestas That Made History). She has also written short stories, such as \"El beso del andén\" (The Kiss of the Platform).
*Hotel Almirante* (Admiral Hotel), a novel, appeared in 2002. The story centers around the discovery of the body of a beautiful young woman in a luxury hotel. The following year, 2003, she published *Tristezas de amor* (Sadnesses of Love), another book of essays, and *Grandes de España* (Great People of Spain).
Her most recent novel, *En tiempo de prodigios* (In the Time of Wonders), was the runner-up for the Premio Planeta in 2006. The novel tells the story of Cecilia, a woman on whom life does not smile during the time period of the book, but who discovers the true meaning of life thanks to a story that Silvio, the grandfather of her best friend, tells her bit by bit. Even his family is not aware of his command of the German language and his past as a spy in World War II.
In addition to her writing, Rivera de la Cruz has worked as an editor. She was responsible for the anthology *Cuentos de Navidad* and for the latest edition of the work of Alejo Carpentier, *La ciudad de las columnas* (The City of Columns). She has worked in other media, such as *El País Semanal* (The County This Week), the Sunday supplement of the Madrid newspaper *El País*, and the radio program *Al sur de la semana* of the COPE radio chain. She works with various literary publications of Spain and North America, contributing articles on Hispano-American literature and other topics. She has also edited the Galician literature section of the literary magazine *Leer*.
## Works
### Novels
- *El Refugio* (1996). Winner of the II Premio Novela Corta Joven y Brillante 1996.
- *La segunda vida de Antonio Bénitez Reino* (Lugo, 1997).
- *Que veinte años no es nada* (Seville, 1998). Winner of the II Premio Ateneo Joven de Sevilla de Novela 1998. `{{ISBN|84-7647-804-6}}`{=mediawiki}
- *Linus Daff, inventor de historias* (Barcelona, 2000). `{{ISBN|84-01-32815-2}}`{=mediawiki}
- *Viajar a Chipre* (Barcelona, 2000). `{{ISBN|84-8450-158-2}}`{=mediawiki}
- *Hotel Almirante* (Madrid, 2002). `{{ISBN|84-670-0058-9}}`{=mediawiki}
- *En tiempo de prodigios* (Madrid, 2006). Runner-up for the Premio Planeta 2006. `{{ISBN|978-84-08-06901-0}}`{=mediawiki}
- *La vida despues* (Barcelona 2011). ISBN ??
- *La boda de Kate*
- *Nosotros, los de entonces*
### Essays
- *Fiestas que hicieron historia* (Madrid, 2001). `{{ISBN|978-84-8460-139-5}}`{=mediawiki}
- *Tristezas de amor* (Madrid, 2003). `{{ISBN|84-670-0467-3}}`{=mediawiki}
### Biographies
- *Grandes de España* (Madrid, 2004). `{{ISBN|978-84-03-09499-4}}`{=mediawiki}
### Other works {#other_works}
- \"El beso del andén\" (Madrid, 2001), a story in the anthology *Sobre raíles*
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# Anthony Neilson
**Anthony Neilson** (born 1967, Edinburgh) is a Scottish playwright and director. He is known for his collaborative way of writing and workshopping his plays. Much of his work is characterised by the exploration of sex and violence.
Neilson has been cited as a key figure of In-yer-face theatre, a term used to characterise new plays with a confrontational style and sensibility that emerged in British theatre during the 1990s. He has been credited with coining the phrase \"in-your-face theatre\" but has rejected the label and instead describes his work in this style as "\'experiential\' theatre".
Experimenting with various other forms of theatre, Neilson is also recognised for creating non-naturalistic plays that utilise elements of absurdist and expressionist storytelling to depict the interior landscape of their characters. He has described such theatre as \"psycho-absurdism\".
## Career
### Writing
Neilson studied at the Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama but expelled for \"insubordination\", now unoccupied he entered a BBC young writers\' competition and won which started him on the path of becoming a writer.
He also participated in the Bush Theatre\'s 2011 project *Sixty Six Books*, writing a piece based upon a book of the King James Bible. He has also written for the television series *Spooks*.
### Directing
Neilson has more recently moved into directing with his first feature film *The Debt Collector* in 1999 which won the Fipresci (International Critics) Award at the Troia International Film Festival. As his writing work involves collaborations he has a massive directorial role in the creation of his plays but in 2007 he was credited as director of his play *God in Ruins* at the Soho Theatre. At the RSC he directed the world premiere of *The Drunks* by the Durnenkov Brothers in 2009. In 2010 he directed *Caledonia* by Alistair Beaton at the Edinburgh Festival.
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# Anthony Neilson
## Association with in-yer-face theatre {#association_with_in_yer_face_theatre}
In-yer-face theatre is a label used to characterise a confrontational style and sensibility of drama that emerged in new plays (primarily written by young writers) that were performed in Great Britain during the 1990s. This label was popularised by critic Aleks Sierz in his 2001 book *In-Yer-Face Theatre: British Drama Today*, where he analysed and celebrated this style of drama. In the book Sierz wrote an entire chapter examining Neilson\'s work and three of his plays: *Normal*, *Penetrator* and *The Censor*.
### Reputation
Sierz has dubbed Neilson as one of \"the big three\" playwrights (along with Sarah Kane and Mark Ravenhill) associated with In-yer-face theatre, whom Sierz has referred to as \"the most provocative new writers of the \[nineties\]\" who also \"had an influence that far outweighed the number of plays they wrote at the time\... What they did was transform the language of theatre, making it more direct, raw and explicit. They not only introduced a new dramatic vocabulary, they also pushed theatre into being more experiential, more aggressively aimed at making audiences feel and respond.\"
Sierz has highlighted Neilson as \"one of the first to exploit the new freedoms of nineties drama\" and \"one of the first writers of the decade to create an experiential theatre of extreme sensations\", adding that \"Although often underrated, Neilson\'s significance lies less in his skill as a writer than in his pioneering of a form of confrontational theatre that became central to the new aesthetic of British drama in the nineties.\"
### Coining \"In-your-face theatre\" {#coining_in_your_face_theatre}
Sierz has been mistakenly cited as coining the phrase "In-yer-face theatre", writing that "Although I certainly was the first to describe, celebrate and theorise this kind of new writing, which emerged decisively in the mid-1990s, I certainly did not invent the phrase." In his piece "[A brief history of in-yer-face theatre](https://www.sierz.co.uk/writings/a-brief-history-of-in-yer-face-theatre/)" Sierz cites an interview with *The Financial Times*\'s critic Sraha Hemming in November 1995, where Neilson remarked "I think that in-your-face theatre is coming back --- and that is good." Sierz has stated that "As far as I know, this seems to be the very first coinage of the term "in-your-face theatre"."
### \'Experiential Theatre\' and rejection of the \'In-yer-face\' label {#experiential_theatre_and_rejection_of_the_in_yer_face_label}
Although Sierz credits Neilson for coining the term \"In-your-face theatre\", Neilson has rejected the label to describe his own work and instead prefers to describe it as \"experiential\" theatre:`{{cquote|<blockquote>I will presume that you know about the "In-yer-face" school of theatre, of which I am allegedly a proponent... I've never really liked the term because it implies an attempt to repel an audience, which was never my aim. In fact, the use of morally contentious elements was always intended to do the very opposite. Given that one's genuine morality (as distinctive from the morality that we choose for ourselves) tends to be instinctive rather than cerebral, engaging a receptive audience with such issues is a useful way of scrambling the intellectual response that inhibit/protect us from full involvement with what we're watching. Engage the morality of an audience and they are driven into themselves. They become, in some small way, participants rather than voyeurs. That's why I prefer the term "experiential" theatre. If I make anything, let it be that.<ref name=foreword/></blockquote>}}`{=mediawiki} Neilson has also stated \"As far as I can tell, In-Yer-Face was all about being horrid and writing about shit and buggery. I thought I was writing love stories.\"\
Sierz has defined \'experiential theatre\' as describing: `{{cquote|<blockquote>the kind of drama, usually put on in studio spaces, that aims to give audiences the experience of actually having lived through the actions depicted on stage. (But not literally!) Instead of allowing spectators to just sit back and contemplate the play, experiential theatre grabs its audiences and forces them to confront the reality of the feelings shown to them. Yes, it's in-yer-face.<ref>[http://www.inyerfacetheatre.com/az.html 'New Writing A - Z' page on Alek Sierz's In-yer-face theatre website]</ref></blockquote>}}`{=mediawiki}
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# Anthony Neilson
## Censorship of *Stitching* in Malta {#censorship_of_stitching_in_malta}
In 2009 Neilson\'s play *Stitching* was planned to be staged in Malta by Unifaun Theatre but was banned by the Maltese Board of Film and Stage Classification. Initially no reason for the ban was given to the Unifaun Theatre. After chasing up for an explanation for the board\'s decision Unifaun Theatre received a letter from the police commissioner outlining the reason for the ban:
> "1. Blasphemy against the State Religion -- pages 10 and 17
>
> 2\. Obscene contempt for the victims of Auschwitz -- page 29
>
> 3\. An encyclopaedic review of dangerous sexual perversions leading to sexual servitude -- pages 33, 34 and several others
>
> 4\. Abby's eulogy to the child murderers Fred and Rosemary West -- page 3
>
> 5\. Reference to the abduction, sexual assault and murder of children -- page 36
>
> In conclusion, the play is a sinister tapestry of violence and perversion where the sum of the parts is greater than the whole. The Board feels that in this case the envelope has been pushed beyond the limits of public decency."
Responding to the board\'s decision the play\'s producers stated that they planned to stage the play in defiance of the ban. At a press conference the production\'s director, Chris Gatt, explained that the creative team were looking for a suitable venue to stage the play but that the Maltese police could take action against them by \"present\[ing\] the charges under the Film and Stage Classification legislation, then we would risk a fine of €11.65 for a first-time offence. However, if they prosecute us under the Criminal Code for violating obscenity and public decency, we risk a prison term of between 1 to 6 months.\" In response Friggiri issued a statement saying that "The play cannot be staged. The producers know they are breaking the law, but that's their business. \... The play is an insult against human dignity from beginning to end \... The board's remit is not to defend the law. Our obligation is to follow it."
In response to the ban the British theatre critics Andrew Hayden and Aleks Sierz condemned the board\'s decision.
It took a Court Case 9 years to finally reverse the decision. In May 2018, the ECHR ruled that the ban was unlawful
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# Teknonymy
**Teknonymy** (from *τέκνον* \'child\' and *ὄνομα* \'name\') is the practice of referring to parents by the names of their children. This practice can be found in many different cultures around the world. The term was coined by anthropologist Edward Burnett Tylor in an 1889 paper. Such names are called **teknonyms**, **teknonymics**, or **paedonymics**.
## Examples
Teknonymy can be found in:
- Various Austronesian peoples:
- The Cocos Malays of Cocos (Keeling) Islands, where parents are known by the name of their first-born child. For instance, a man named Hashim and his wife, Anisa, have a daughter named Sheila. Hashim is now known as *Pak Sheila* (literally \'Sheila\'s father\') and Anisa as *Mak Sheila* (\'Sheila\'s mother\').
- Toba Batak people of Indonesia. The case is very similar to the Cocos Malays.
- Balinese people of Indonesia.
- Dayak and related indigenous peoples of Borneo, like the Penan
- Betsileo people of Madagascar, in particular the Zafimaniry subgroup
- language of the Madurese people of Indonesia
- Mentawai people of Indonesia
- Tao people of Taiwan
- the Korean language; for example, if a Korean woman has a child named Su-min, she might be called `{{translit|ko|Su-min Eomma}}`{=mediawiki} (meaning \'mother of Su-min\')
- the Chinese language has a similar but also very flexible phenomenon. Suppose a boy\'s nickname at home is *二儿* (*Er\'er*), then the father of the child can call the child\'s mother *他妈/孩儿他妈/二儿他妈*, meaning \'his mom\'/\'child\'s mom\'/\'Er\'er\'s mom\', respectively. Similar applies to the boy\'s mother calling her husband (i.e., the boy\'s father) by changing *妈* (\'mom\') to *爸/爹* (\'dad\'). This usage occurs mostly between parents, but can also be found in other limited scenarios, e.g. a teacher calling a child\'s parents.
- Bangladeshi people
- the Arabic-speaking world; for example, if a Saudi man named Hasan has a male child named Zayn, Hasan will now be known as `{{translit|ar|Abu Zayn}}`{=mediawiki} (literally \'father of Zayn\'). Similarly, `{{translit|ar|Umm Malik}}`{=mediawiki} (Malik is a name used for males) is \'mother of Malik\'. This is known as a `{{translit|ar|[[Kunya (Arabic)|kunya]]}}`{=mediawiki} in Arabic and is used as a sign of respect for others.
- areas of Amazonia
- the Zuni language, indigenous to New Mexico
- various African peoples, particularly in West Africa
- the Nupe people of Nigeria; for example, if a man has a son named Isyaku, he will be known as *Baba Isyaku*, whereas his wife would be called *Nna Isyaku*.
- the Yoruba language of West Africa; for example, if a woman has a son named Femi, she will now be known as *iya Femi* (meaning \'mother of Femi\') and her husband *baba Femi* (meaning \'father of Femi\').
- the Hausa language of West Africa; for example, if a man has a son named Adam, the man will be known as *Baban Adam*, while his wife would be called *Maman Adam*.
- Swahili, as spoken in Tanzania and Kenya; for example, if a woman has a son named Musa, the woman would be known as *Mama Musa*. Musa\'s father would be known as *Baba Musa*
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# Minimal volume
In mathematics, in particular in differential geometry, the **minimal volume** is a number that describes one aspect of a smooth manifold\'s topology. This diffeomorphism invariant was introduced by Mikhael Gromov.
Given a smooth Riemannian manifold `{{math|(''M'', ''g'')}}`{=mediawiki}, one may consider its volume `{{math|vol(''M'', ''g'')}}`{=mediawiki} and sectional curvature `{{math|''K''<sub>''g''</sub>}}`{=mediawiki}. The minimal volume of a smooth manifold `{{mvar|M}}`{=mediawiki} is defined to be:
$$\operatorname{MinVol}(M):=\inf\{\operatorname{vol}(M,g) :g\text{ a complete Riemannian metric with }|K_{g}|\leq 1\}.$$ Any closed manifold can be given an arbitrarily small volume by scaling any choice of a Riemannian metric. The minimal volume removes the possibility of such scaling by the constraint on sectional curvatures. So, if the minimal volume of `{{mvar|M}}`{=mediawiki} is zero, then a certain kind of nontrivial collapsing phenomena can be exhibited by Riemannian metrics on `{{mvar|M}}`{=mediawiki}. A trivial example, the only in which the possibility of scaling is present, is a closed flat manifold. The Berger spheres show that the minimal volume of the three-dimensional sphere is also zero. Gromov has conjectured that every closed simply connected odd-dimensional manifold has zero minimal volume.
By contrast, a positive lower bound for the minimal volume of `{{mvar|M}}`{=mediawiki} amounts to some (usually nontrivial) geometric inequality for the volume of an arbitrary complete Riemannian metric on `{{mvar|M}}`{=mediawiki} in terms of the size of its curvature. According to the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, if `{{mvar|M}}`{=mediawiki} is a closed and connected two-dimensional manifold, then `{{math|MinVol(''M'') {{=}}`{=mediawiki} 2π{{!}}χ(*M*){{!}}}}. The infimum in the definition of minimal volume is realized by the metrics appearing from the uniformization theorem. More generally, according to the Chern-Gauss-Bonnet formula, if `{{mvar|M}}`{=mediawiki} is a closed and connected manifold then:
$$\operatorname{MinVol}(M)\geq c(n)\big|\chi(M)\big|.$$ Gromov, in 1982, showed that the volume of a complete Riemannian metric on a smooth manifold can always be estimated by the size of its curvature and by the simplicial volume of the manifold, via the inequality:
$$\operatorname{MinVol}(M)\geq\frac{\|M\|}{(n-1)^nn!}
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# Big Shots Bonus EP
***Big Shots Bonus EP*** is a follow-up album to Charizma & Peanut Butter Wolf\'s *Big Shots* album. Similar to *Big Shots*, this album is produced entirely by PB Wolf, however it includes tracks that were not on the former album. This album was released only in vinyl format.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
+----+--------------------------------------+-------------+--------------+--------------------+------+
| \# | Title | Composer(s) | Performer(s) | Producer(s) | Time |
+====+======================================+=============+==============+====================+======+
| A1 | \"Gatha Round \[Original Version\]\" | C. Hicks\ | Charizma | Peanut Butter Wolf | 4:42 |
| | | C. Manak | | | |
+----+--------------------------------------+-------------+--------------+--------------------+------+
| A2 | \"Devotion \[Harp Version\]\" | C. Hicks\ | Charizma | Peanut Butter Wolf | 4:11 |
| | | C. Manak | | | |
+----+--------------------------------------+-------------+--------------+--------------------+------+
| A3 | \"High School Love\" | C. Hicks\ | Charizma | Peanut Butter Wolf | 4:05 |
| | | C. Manak | | | |
+----+--------------------------------------+-------------+--------------+--------------------+------+
| A4 | \"Take It Easy (Interlude)\" | C. Hicks\ | Charizma | Peanut Butter Wolf | 0:37 |
| | | C. Manak | | | |
+----+--------------------------------------+-------------+--------------+--------------------+------+
| B1 | \"Just Like A Test\" | C. Hicks\ | Charizma | Peanut Butter Wolf | 2:47 |
| | | C. Manak | | | |
+----+--------------------------------------+-------------+--------------+--------------------+------+
| B2 | \"Bless You\" | C. Hicks\ | Charizma | Peanut Butter Wolf | 3:24 |
| | | C. Manak | | | |
+----+--------------------------------------+-------------+--------------+--------------------+------+
| B3 | \"Red Light, Green Light \[Remix\]\" | C. Hicks\ | Charizma | Peanut Butter Wolf | 3:00 |
| | | C. Manak | | | |
+----+--------------------------------------+-------------+--------------+--------------------+------+
| B4 | \"Vapors\" | C. Hicks\ | Charizma | Peanut Butter Wolf | 4:44 |
| | | C
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# Realizability
In mathematical logic, **realizability** is a collection of methods in proof theory used to study constructive proofs and extract additional information from them. Formulas from a formal theory are \"realized\" by objects, known as \"realizers\", in a way that knowledge of the realizer gives knowledge about the truth of the formula. There are many variations of realizability; exactly which class of formulas is studied and which objects are realizers differ from one variation to another.
Realizability can be seen as a formalization of the Brouwer--Heyting--Kolmogorov (BHK) interpretation of intuitionistic logic. In realizability the notion of \"proof\" (which is left undefined in the BHK interpretation) is replaced with a formal notion of \"realizer\". Most variants of realizability begin with a theorem that any statement that is provable in the formal system being studied is realizable. The realizer, however, usually gives more information about the formula than a formal proof would directly provide.
Beyond giving insight into intuitionistic provability, realizability can be applied to prove the disjunction and existence properties for intuitionistic theories and to extract programs from proofs, as in proof mining. It is also related to topos theory via realizability topoi.
## Example: Kleene\'s 1945-realizability {#example_kleenes_1945_realizability}
Kleene\'s original version of realizability uses natural numbers as realizers for formulas in Heyting arithmetic. A few pieces of notation are required: first, an ordered pair (*n*,*m*) is treated as a single number using a fixed primitive recursive pairing function; second, for each natural number *n*, φ~*n*~ is the computable function with index *n*. The following clauses are used to define a relation \"*n* realizes *A*\" between natural numbers *n* and formulas *A* in the language of Heyting arithmetic, known as Kleene\'s 1945-realizability relation:
- Any number *n* realizes an atomic formula *s*=*t* if and only if *s*=*t* is true. Thus every number realizes a true equation, and no number realizes a false equation.
- A pair (*n*,*m*) realizes a formula *A*∧*B* if and only if *n* realizes *A* and *m* realizes *B*. Thus a realizer for a conjunction is a pair of realizers for the conjuncts.
- A pair (*n*,*m*) realizes a formula *A*∨*B* if and only if the following hold: *n* is 0 or 1; and if *n* is 0 then *m* realizes *A*; and if *n* is 1 then *m* realizes *B*. Thus a realizer for a disjunction explicitly picks one of the disjuncts (with *n*) and provides a realizer for it (with *m*).
- A number *n* realizes a formula *A*→*B* if and only if, for every *m* that realizes *A*, φ~*n*~(*m*) realizes *B*. Thus a realizer for an implication corresponds to a computable function that takes any realizer for the hypothesis and produces a realizer for the conclusion.
- A pair (*n*,*m*) realizes a formula (∃ *x*)*A*(*x*) if and only if *m* is a realizer for *A*(*n*). Thus a realizer for an existential formula produces an explicit witness for the quantifier along with a realizer for the formula instantiated with that witness.
- A number *n* realizes a formula (∀ *x*)*A*(*x*) if and only if, for all *m*, φ~*n*~(*m*) is defined and realizes *A*(*m*). Thus a realizer for a universal statement is a computable function that produces, for each *m*, a realizer for the formula instantiated with *m*.
With this definition, the following theorem is obtained:
: Let *A* be a sentence of Heyting arithmetic (HA). If HA proves *A* then there is an *n* such that *n* realizes *A*.
On the other hand, there are classical theorems (even propositional formula schemas) that are realized but which are not provable in HA, a fact first established by Rose. So realizability does not exactly mirror intuitionistic reasoning.
Further analysis of the method can be used to prove that HA has the \"disjunction and existence properties\":
- If HA proves a sentence (∃ *x*)*A*(*x*), then there is an *n* such that HA proves *A*(*n*)
- If HA proves a sentence *A*∨*B*, then HA proves *A* or HA proves *B*.
More such properties are obtained involving Harrop formulas.
## Later developments {#later_developments}
Kreisel introduced **modified realizability**, which uses typed lambda calculus as the language of realizers. Modified realizability is one way to show that Markov\'s principle is not derivable in intuitionistic logic. On the contrary, it allows to constructively justify the principle of independence of premise:
$$(A \rightarrow \exists x\;P(x)) \rightarrow \exists x\;(A \rightarrow P(x))$$.
**Relative realizability** is an intuitionist analysis of computable or computably enumerable elements of data structures that are not necessarily computable, such as computable operations on all real numbers when reals can be only approximated on digital computer systems.
**Classical realizability** was introduced by Krivine and extends realizability to classical logic. It furthermore realizes axioms of Zermelo--Fraenkel set theory. Understood as a generalization of Cohen's forcing, it was used to provide new models of set theory.
**Linear realizability** extends realizability techniques to linear logic. The term was coined by Seiller to encompass several constructions, such as geometry of interaction models, ludics, interaction graphs models.
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# Realizability
## Use in proof mining {#use_in_proof_mining}
Realizability is one of the methods used in proof mining to extract concrete \"programs\" from seemingly non-constructive mathematical proofs. Program extraction using realizability is implemented in some proof assistants such as Coq
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# Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center
**CHA Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center**, formerly known as **Queen of Angels -- Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center**, is a private hospital located at 1300 North Vermont Avenue in Los Angeles, California. The hospital has 434 beds and is owned by the South Korea-based CHA Medical Group.
## History
The hospital has been in business since 1924.
In 2004, HPMC joined the CHA Medical Group, which includes CHA Biotech Corporation, Cha University, and medical centers in Gangnam, Bundang, and Gumi. CHA renamed it CHA Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center. CHA Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center is the first Korean-owned and operated general hospital in the United States.
The hospital is an acute-care seven-building facility with 434 licensed beds, 1,400 employees, and an 800-member medical staff. It was the proving round for the new specialty of critical care medicine. Dr Weil was the founding president of the society for critical care medicine. He trained critical care specialist from every continent and published the first text book on the subject.
In 1989, the operations of Queen of Angels Hospital were merged with Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center. The name of the hospital then became Queen of Angels `{{En dash}}`{=mediawiki} Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center. The Queen of Angels building, a Spanish-style hospital complex, was mainly used as a movie set. The USC critical care fellowship program was centered here by Dr. Weil and Dr. Schubin. Two of the three fathers of the specialty. The shock research unit was the most sophisticated critical care units in the world. Dr Bectal was the first surgeon in the area to do total hip replacement after training in London.
## Improvement in ED services {#improvement_in_ed_services}
Recently, there has been a major improvement in ED (Emergency Department) services for patients. It is divided into three tracks according to the severity of the symptoms to provide fast emergency services. This allows patients to receive shorter waiting times and immediate treatment.
### Ten-Year Expansion and Modernization Master Plan {#ten_year_expansion_and_modernization_master_plan}
The master plan was designed to expand and modernize its facility and to fulfill the state\'s seismic safety mandate that all hospitals must meet by 2020.
There would be new emergency department. The new ED was planned to include increasing the current 20 beds to 26 beds and doubling the size of the department\'s physical space from its current 11,000 ft2 to 26,000 ft2. The emergency department is staffed by a trained, multilingual team of physicians, nurses and ancillary staff, providing a culturally sensitive resource for the community.
Also included in Phase 1 of the master plan is building a new 650-spot parking structure for patients, employees and visitors and beautifying overall internal and external designs of the hospital campus. The anticipated completion date was fall 2019.
## Controversies
### \"Patient dumping\" {#patient_dumping}
In February 2007, an investigation was launched after a hospital official allegedly \"dumped\" 54-year-old Gabino Olvera, a paraplegic patient, on a Skid Row street. According to witnesses, Olvera was removed from a hospital van and was left writhing in a gutter, wearing nothing more than a soiled gown and a broken colostomy bag. The hospital agreed to pay `{{Currency|1 million}}`{=mediawiki} and be monitored for up to 5 years as part of a settlement agreement reached in 2008.
### Ransomware
In 2016, the hospital\'s computer system was hijacked by ransomware forcing the hospital to use paper for more than a week. Patients were asked to pick up lab results in person. The hospital paid a 40 bitcoin ransom that was then worth approximately `{{Currency|17 thousand}}`{=mediawiki} to the hackers to regain access to their system.
## In popular culture {#in_popular_culture}
Exterior scenes of the hospital was used for the 1979`{{En dash}}`{=mediawiki}1986 CBS medical drama series, *Trapper John, M.D
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# Picardy Spaniel
The **Picardy Spaniel** is a breed of dog developed in France for use as a gundog. It is related to the Blue Picardy Spaniel, and still has many similarities, but the Picardy Spaniel is the older of the two breeds. It is thought to be one of the two oldest continental spaniel breeds and was favoured by the French nobility, remaining popular for hunting after the French Revolution due to its weather resistant coat that enabled it to hunt in a variety of conditions and terrain. However its popularity waned following the influx of English hunting breeds in the early 20th century. Slightly smaller than an English Setter but larger than most of its spaniel cousins, it has no major health issues although as with many breeds with pendulous ears, it can be prone to ear infections.
## History
The French Spaniel and the Picardy Spaniel are speculated`{{who|reason=who speculated?|date=April 2019}}`{=mediawiki} to have stemmed from the Chien d\' Oysel described in the writings of Gaston Phoebus. Hunting during this period in France was one of the favourite sports of the nobility and the French type of Spaniel became the favourite hunting dog of the French Royalty. The breed can be seen in paintings dating from this period by artists Alexandre-François Desportes and Jean-Baptiste Oudry. They were also the first breed of dog to be admitted into salons.`{{unreliable source?|reason=no author given "Sarahsdogs" website|date=April 2019}}`{=mediawiki}
The breed became more popular still following the French Revolution and the aftermath in which hunting was no longer restricted to the nobility. Although spread throughout France, a large concentration was located in the north west where the weather resistant coat of the breed made it ideal for the wooded and swampy conditions. During the early 19th century, British hunters crossed the channel to hunt in the grounds of north west France. The British brought their own hunting dogs, and this resulted in a change of preference as French hunters switched to English breeds and caused a major blow to the existence of the Picardy Spaniel. In addition the infusion of blood from the English Setter into the local spaniel population created the Blue Picardy Spaniel.
### Recognition
The Epagneul Picard Club was formed in 1921 and was merged with the Club of Blue Picardy Spaniel on 28 July 1937. A further merger took place on 21 May 1980 when these clubs merged with the Pont-Audemer Club to form the Club des Epagneuls Picards, Bleus de Picardie & Pont Audemer.
The Picardy Spaniel is recognised by a variety of Kennel Clubs and associations including the North American Kennel Club, American Rare Breed Association, United Kennel Club, and the Fédération Cynologique Internationale. All four associations use the standard as set by the FCI. It is also recognised by the Continental Kennel Club, but unlike the closely related Blue Picardy Spaniel, it is not recognised by the Canadian Kennel Club.
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# Picardy Spaniel
## Description
### Appearance
Typical examples of the breed measure between 22 - at the withers, with the average weight between 20 -. The breed is similar in size to the English Setter, although is slightly smaller. Of the Spaniel type breeds, only the Large Münsterländer and Drentse Patrijshond are recognised as possibly growing to larger sizes, with the Drentse measuring 21.5 -, and the Münsterländer slightly smaller with a narrower range at 23 -.
The breed has a squarely built muscular body and an oval shaped head with a long muzzle and long ears that hang fairly low. Its coat can vary in colours from chocolate, chestnut brown and white with sandy coloured markings on the head and white or grey spots on the legs. Its hair is abundant with a slight wave, enabling it to work in dense cover and even in water.
### Temperament
The Picardy Spaniel is a docile breed of dog and is fond of playing with children and bonds well with their master. It is described as having a gentle sociable nature, possessing a good character with a laid-back attitude, and being relatively easy to train. In France, the breed is used for hunting in wooded areas for pheasants, and in swamps for snipes. However it can also be used for hunting ducks, hares and rabbits. The breed excels at hunting in marshes and will not hesitate to jump into water. It can also adequately serve as a retriever should it be required. The dog is content with a small amount of space and could suit life in the city, but also loves open spaces.
## Health
The Picardy Spaniel has no known hereditary health problems, and has an average lifespan of 14 years. However being a hunting spaniel, the breed is prone to ear infections. These infections are common among dogs with pendulous ears, including Basset Hounds and other breeds of spaniel. Overfeeding a Picardy Spaniel may lead to overweight.
## Gallery
image:Epagneul picard 4.jpg\|Gibbs des Chaumes de Thiérache, young picardy spaniel 6 months old image:Épagneul Picard.jpg\|Gibbs des Chaumes de Thiérache, young picardy spaniel 6 months old image:Epagneul Picards bis.jpg\|Gibbs des Chaumes de Thiérache, young picardy spaniel 6 months old image:Epagneul Picard ter
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# Joanne Goode
**Joanne Gwendoline \"Jo\" Goode** MBE (née **Wright**; born 17 November 1972) is an English badminton player. She represented Great Britain at the 1996 and 2000 Olympic Games, and won the 2000 mixed doubles bronze medal with Simon Archer. Goode also won seven gold medals at the Commonwealth Games, a gold at the European Championships, and a silver at the World Championships.
## Career
Goode competed in badminton at the 2000 Summer Olympics in mixed doubles with Simon Archer and won a bronze medal. She also played in women\'s doubles with Donna Kellogg losing in the quarterfinals against Gao Ling and Qi Yiyuan.
Archer and Goode won gold medals twice at the Commonwealth Games in 1998 and 2002.
## Achievements
### Olympic Games {#olympic_games}
*Mixed doubles*
+------+-----------------------------+--------------+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------+-------------+
| Year | Venue | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
+======+=============================+==============+============================================+=======================+=============+
| 2000 | The Dome, Sydney, Australia | Simon Archer | Michael Søgaard\ | 15--4, 12--15, 17--14 | **Bronze** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|DEN}}`{=mediawiki} Rikke Olsen | | |
+------+-----------------------------+--------------+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------+-------------+
### World Championships {#world_championships}
*Mixed doubles*
+------+------------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------+----------------+-------------+
| Year | Venue | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
+======+====================================+==============+=============================================+================+=============+
| 1999 | Brøndby Arena, Copenhagen, Denmark | Simon Archer | Kim Dong-moon\ | 10--15, 13--15 | **Silver** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|KOR}}`{=mediawiki} Ra Kyung-min | | |
+------+------------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------+----------------+-------------+
### World Cup {#world_cup}
*Women\'s doubles*
+------+------------------------------------+----------------+-------------------------------------------+----------------------+-------------+
| Year | Venue | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
+======+====================================+================+===========================================+======================+=============+
| 1995 | Istora Senayan, Jakarta, Indonesia | Julie Bradbury | Finarsih\ | 15--11, 4--15, 3--15 | **Bronze** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Lili Tampi | | |
+------+------------------------------------+----------------+-------------------------------------------+----------------------+-------------+
### Commonwealth Games {#commonwealth_games}
*Women\'s doubles*
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------+----------------------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+
| Year | Venue | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
+======+========================================================+===================+==============================================+========================+=============+
| 1994 | McKinnon Gym, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada | Joanne Muggeridge | Julie Bradbury\ | 15--9, 15--11 | **Gold** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|ENG}}`{=mediawiki} Gillian Clark | | |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------+----------------------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+
| 1998 | Kuala Lumpur Badminton Stadium, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | Donna Kellogg | Chor Hooi Yee\ | 15--8, 15--6 | **Gold** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|MAS}}`{=mediawiki} Lim Pek Siah | | |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------+----------------------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+
| 2002 | Bolton Arena, Manchester, England | Gail Emms | Ang Li Peng\ | 4--7, 8--6, 6--8, 4--7 | **Bronze** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|MAS}}`{=mediawiki} Lim Pek Siah | | |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------+----------------------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+
*Mixed doubles*
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+
| Year | Venue | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
+======+========================================================+==============+===============================================+========================+=============+
| 1994 | McKinnon Gym, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada | Nick Ponting | Simon Archer\ | 10--15, 12--15 | **Bronze** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|ENG}}`{=mediawiki} Julie Bradbury | | |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+
| 1998 | Kuala Lumpur Badminton Stadium, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | Simon Archer | Nathan Robertson\ | 15--2, 15--5 | **Gold** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|ENG}}`{=mediawiki} Joanne Davies | | |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+
| 2002 | Bolton Arena, Manchester, England | Simon Archer | Chew Choon Eng\ | 0--7, 7--5, 7--3, 7--3 | **Gold** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|MAS}}`{=mediawiki} Chin Eei Hui | | |
+------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------+-------------+
### European Championships {#european_championships}
*Women\'s doubles*
+------+--------------------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+-------------+
| Year | Venue | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
+======+==========================+================+================================================+=======================+=============+
| 1996 | Herning Badminton Klub,\ | Julie Bradbury | Lisbeth Stuer-Lauridsen\ | 12--15, 15--10, 4--15 | **Bronze** |
| | Herning, Denmark | | `{{flagicon|DEN}}`{=mediawiki} Marlene Thomsen | | |
+------+--------------------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+-------------+
| 1998 | Winter Sports Palace,\ | Donna Kellogg | Rikke Olsen\ | 5--15, 10--15 | **Bronze** |
| | Sofia, Bulgaria | | `{{flagicon|DEN}}`{=mediawiki} Marlene Thomsen | | |
+------+--------------------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+-------------+
| 2000 | Kelvin Hall,\ | Donna Kellogg | Helene Kirkegaard\ | 7--15, 15--10, 15--8 | **Gold** |
| | Glasgow, Scotland | | `{{flagicon|DEN}}`{=mediawiki} Rikke Olsen | | |
+------+--------------------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+-------------+
*Mixed doubles*
+------+------------------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-------------+
| Year | Venue | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
+======+========================+==============+=====================================================+======================+=============+
| 1998 | Winter Sports Palace,\ | Simon Archer | Michael Keck\ | 15--8, 11--15, 8--15 | **Bronze** |
| | Sofia, Bulgaria | | `{{flagicon|NED}}`{=mediawiki} Erica van den Heuvel | | |
+------+------------------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-------------+
### European Junior Championships {#european_junior_championships}
*Girls\' doubles*
+------+-----------------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------+-------------+
| Year | Venue | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
+======+=========================================+==============+===============================================+==============+=============+
| 1991 | BMTE-Törley impozáns sportcsarnokában,\ | Alison Humby | Mette Pedersen\ | 8--15, 6--15 | **Silver** |
| | Budapest, Hungary | | `{{flagicon|DEN}}`{=mediawiki} Trine Pedersen | | |
+------+-----------------------------------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------+-------------+
*Mixed doubles*
+------+---------------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+
| Year | Venue | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
+======+=====================+==================+================================================+===============+=============+
| 1989 | Armitage Centre,\ | William Mellersh | Christian Jakobsen\ | 14--18, 2--15 | **Silver** |
| | Manchester, England | | `{{flagicon|DEN}}`{=mediawiki} Marlene Thomsen | | |
+------+---------------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+
| 780 |
Joanne Goode
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# Joanne Goode
## Achievements
### IBF World Grand Prix {#ibf_world_grand_prix}
The World Badminton Grand Prix sanctioned by International Badminton Federation (IBF) since 1983.
*Women\'s doubles*
+------+----------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| Year | Tournament | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
+======+================+================+======================================================+=======================+===============+
| 1992 | Dutch Open | Julie Bradbury | Anne Mette Bille\ | 9--15, 15--9, 2--15 | **Runner-up** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|DEN}}`{=mediawiki} Marianne Rasmussen | | |
+------+----------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| 1993 | Swiss Open | Gillian Clark | Marina Andrievskaya\ | 15--8, 15--7 | **Winner** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|RUS|1991}}`{=mediawiki} Marina Yakusheva | | |
+------+----------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| 1993 | Dutch Open | Zhang Ning | Finarsih\ | 9--15, 3--15 | **Runner-up** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Lili Tampi | | |
+------+----------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| 1994 | Thailand Open | Julie Bradbury | Ge Fei\ | 12--15, 4--15 | **Runner-up** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Gu Jun | | |
+------+----------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| 1995 | Malaysia Open | Julie Bradbury | Gil Young-ah\ | 15--10, 15--11 | **Winner** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|KOR}}`{=mediawiki} Jang Hye-ock | | |
+------+----------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| 1995 | Hong Kong Open | Julie Bradbury | Gil Young-ah\ | 15--17, 5--15 | **Runner-up** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|KOR}}`{=mediawiki} Jang Hye-ock | | |
+------+----------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| 1996 | U.S. Open | Julie Bradbury | Eliza Nathanael\ | 7--15, 5--15 | **Runner-up** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Zelin Resiana | | |
+------+----------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| 1996 | Denmark Open | Julie Bradbury | Helene Kirkegaard\ | 6--15, 2--15 | **Runner-up** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|DEN}}`{=mediawiki} Rikke Olsen | | |
+------+----------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| 2000 | Indonesia Open | Donna Kellogg | Lotte Jonathans\ | 7--15, 15--12, 15--10 | **Winner** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|NED}}`{=mediawiki} Nicole van Hooren | | |
+------+----------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
*Mixed doubles*
+------+-------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| Year | Tournament | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
+======+===================+==============+==============================================+=======================+===============+
| 1994 | All England Open | Nick Ponting | Chris Hunt\ | 15--10, 15--11 | **Winner** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|ENG}}`{=mediawiki} Gillian Clark | | |
+------+-------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| 1994 | Thailand Open | Nick Ponting | Tri Kusharjanto\ | 10--15, 12--15 | **Runner-up** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|INA}}`{=mediawiki} Minarti Timur | | |
+------+-------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| 1996 | Polish Open | Nick Ponting | Chen Xingdong\ | 15--10, 12--15, 8--15 | **Runner-up** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Peng Xinyong | | |
+------+-------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| 1998 | Hong Kong Open | Simon Archer | Michael Søgaard\ | 15--8, 7--15, 8--15 | **Runner-up** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|DEN}}`{=mediawiki} Rikke Olsen | | |
+------+-------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| 1998 | Grand Prix Finals | Simon Archer | Kim Dong-moon\ | 6--15, 9--15 | **Runner-up** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|KOR}}`{=mediawiki} Ra Kyung-min | | |
+------+-------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| 1999 | All England Open | Simon Archer | Ha Tae-kwon\ | 15--2, 15--13 | **Winner** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|KOR}}`{=mediawiki} Chung Jae-hee | | |
+------+-------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| 1999 | Swiss Open | Simon Archer | Michael Søgaard\ | 15--5, 15--4 | **Winner** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|DEN}}`{=mediawiki} Rikke Olsen | | |
+------+-------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| 2000 | Thailand Open | Simon Archer | Zhang Jun\ | 13--15, 12--15 | **Runner-up** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Gao Ling | | |
+------+-------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| 2000 | Indonesia Open | Simon Archer | Michael Søgaard\ | 15--13, 11--15, 15--4 | **Winner** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|DEN}}`{=mediawiki} Rikke Olsen | | |
+------+-------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
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| 1 |
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# Joanne Goode
## Achievements
### IBF International {#ibf_international}
*Women\'s doubles*
+------+---------------------------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------+
| Year | Tournament | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
+======+=================================+================+======================================================+========================+===============+
| 1990 | Welsh International | Alison Humby | Julie Bradbury\ | 11--15, 8--15 | **Runner-up** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|ENG}}`{=mediawiki} Cheryl Johnson | | |
+------+---------------------------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------+
| 1991 | Irish International | Alison Humby | Katrin Schmidt\ | 15--12, 15--11 | **Winner** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|GER}}`{=mediawiki} Kerstin Ubben | | |
+------+---------------------------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------+
| 1992 | Portugal International | Joanne Davies | Marina Andrievskaya\ | 15--4, 15--2 | **Winner** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|CIS}}`{=mediawiki} Elena Rybkhina | | |
+------+---------------------------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------+
| 1993 | La Chaux-de-Fonds International | Tracy Dineen | Natalja Ivanova\ | 15--7, 8--15, 15--12 | **Winner** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|RUS|1991}}`{=mediawiki} Julia Martynenko | | |
+------+---------------------------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------+
| 1993 | Austrian International | Alison Humby | Anne Søndergaard\ | 13--15, 17--14, 11--15 | **Runner-up** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|DEN}}`{=mediawiki} Lotte Thomsen | | |
+------+---------------------------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------+
| 1993 | Hamburg Cup | Joanne Davies | Anne Mette Bille\ | 11--15, 7--15 | **Runner-up** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|DEN}}`{=mediawiki} Marlene Thomsen | | |
+------+---------------------------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------+
| 1993 | Welsh International | Julie Bradbury | Joanne Davies\ | 15--9, 15--4 | **Winner** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|ENG}}`{=mediawiki} Joanne Muggeridge | | |
+------+---------------------------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------+
| 1994 | Welsh International | Julie Bradbury | Si-An Deng\ | 15--3, 17--15 | **Winner** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|CAN}}`{=mediawiki} Denyse Julien | | |
+------+---------------------------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------+
| 1996 | Scottish Open | Gillian Gowers | Liu Lu\ | 15--6, 3--15, 5--15 | **Runner-up** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Qian Hong | | |
+------+---------------------------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------+
*Mixed doubles*
+------+-------------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| Year | Tournament | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
+======+=========================+==============+====================================================+=======================+===============+
| 1990 | Welsh International | Nick Ponting | Vitali Shmakov\ | 17--14, 7--15, 15--11 | **Winner** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|URS}}`{=mediawiki} Vlada Chernyavskaya | | |
+------+-------------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| 1991 | Welsh International | Andy Goode | Chris Hunt\ | 18--17, 15--4 | **Winner** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|ENG}}`{=mediawiki} Karen Chapman | | |
+------+-------------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| 1991 | Irish International | Nick Ponting | Michael Keck\ | 15--10, 15--11 | **Winner** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|GER}}`{=mediawiki} Anne-Katrin Seid | | |
+------+-------------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| 1992 | Portugal International | Andy Goode | Nikolai Zuyev\ | 15--4, 15--2 | **Winner** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|CIS}}`{=mediawiki} Marina Andrievskaya | | |
+------+-------------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| 1992 | Welsh International | Nick Ponting | Michael Keck\ | 15--7, 18--16 | **Winner** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|GER}}`{=mediawiki} Karen Neumann | | |
+------+-------------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| 1993 | Austrian International | Nick Ponting | Heinz Fischer\ | 15--9, 15--7 | **Winner** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|AUT}}`{=mediawiki} Irina Serova | | |
+------+-------------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| 1993 | Wimbledon International | Chris Hunt | Jiang Wen\ | 6--15, 15--6, 15--13 | **Winner** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} Tao Xiaoqiang | | |
+------+-------------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| 1993 | Welsh International | Chris Hunt | Simon Archer\ | 15--9, 15--8 | **Winner** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|ENG}}`{=mediawiki} Joanne Davies | | |
+------+-------------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| 1994 | Welsh International | Nick Ponting | James Anderson\ | 18--15, 15--9 | **Winner** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|ENG}}`{=mediawiki} Emma Constable | | |
+------+-------------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
| 1996 | Scottish Open | Nick Ponting | Jens Olsson\ | 12--15, 15--11, 8--15 | **Runner-up** |
| | | | `{{flagicon|SWE}}`{=mediawiki} Astrid Crabo | | |
+------+-------------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Joanne Wright married Andy Goode, an English badminton player who managed the British team in badminton at the 1996 Summer Olympics. They have three children named Jack, Molly, and Harry.
Goode was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2004 Queen\'s Birthday Honours
| 635 |
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# Framingham Public School District
The **Framingham Public School District** or **Framingham Public Schools** (**FPS**) comprises thirteen public schools in the city of Framingham, Massachusetts. It is classified as one of the state\'s 24 urban school districts, while the district generally describes itself as urban/suburban. The school district\'s main offices are located at 73 Mount Wayte Avenue in Framingham, in what is known as the Perini building.
During the late 1990s and early 2000s Framingham upgraded its schools, replacing the former Cameron school with a completely new school and performed major renovations to the Wilson elementary school, the McCarthy elementary school and the high school. Two public school buildings that were mothballed due to financial issues or population drops were leased to the Metrowest Jewish Day School (at the former Juniper Hill Elementary) and Mass Bay Community College (at the former Farley Middle school). At some point in the 1980s, the district sold off some of its older, smaller schools that were no longer being used, including Lincoln, Roosevelt and Washington. These schools were originally constructed in the 1930s as part of several WPA buildings. Additionally, the former Memorial school on Hollis street was closed when high levels of asbestos was found in the building. The Lincoln school is now a medical office building, Memorial and Roosevelt are now senior citizen housing and Washington demolished and replaced with a park.
The Framingham School Department can trace its roots back to 1706 when the town hired its first school master, Deacon Joshua Hemenway. While Framingham had its first school master, it did not get its own public school building until 1716. The first high school, the Framingham Academy, opened its doors in 1792; however that school was eventually closed due to financing issues and the legality of the town providing funds for a private school. The first town-operated high school opened in 1852 and has been in operation continuously in numerous locations throughout the town.
The Superintendent of Schools is Dr. Robert Tremblay.
| 332 |
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| 0 |
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# Framingham Public School District
## Public schools {#public_schools}
B.L.O.C.K.S (Building Learning Opportunities for Children\'s Kindergarten Success) Preschool is a program taught by certified early childhood teachers. Half-day, full-day, and extended-day options are available for students. There is a maximum of 18 children per class along with 1 teacher and 1 aide. B.L.O.C.K.S fosters a flexible and nurturing atmosphere that meets children\'s needs individually and as part of a group. Sessions are offered at Juniper Hill School and Framingham High School.
### Elementary schools {#elementary_schools}
All Framingham elementary schools feature kindergarten through grade five.
- **Barbieri** School
: The Barbieri school opened in 1974 as a middle school, one of three new middle schools at the time, and is named for local fire department LT. Paul F. Barbieri. The school specializes in bilingual language and communication based teaching. It has been cited as a Commonwealth Compass School. It is located on Dudley Road, in a complex of parkland, athletic fields and schools on the west shore of Farm Pond. The school is one of the four elementary schools with a Dual Language program. The standard program was eliminated in the 2009--2010 school year.
: **Facilities**:
- 30 classrooms on four floors
- Cafeteria
- Auditorium
- Gymnasium
- Olympic sized pool (closed)
- In-school library
- 7 baseball fields (in adjacent athletic facility)
- Outdoor basketball court (in adjacent athletic facility)
- 1 multi-use athletic field (football/soccer/lacrosse)
- **Brophy** School
: The Brophy school opened in 1968 and is named for local Framingham educators Rose and Anna Brophy. Its school slogan is \"Sharing One World at Brophy.\" It is located on Pleasant Street (Route 30), about one mile west of Temple Street. It shares its building design with the Potter Road School. <https://www.framingham.k12.ma.us/Domain/9>
: **Facilities**:
- 26 classrooms on two floors
- Shared cafeteria/auditorium
- Gymnasium
- In-school Library Media Center
- Central courtyard
- Community playground
- 3 multi-use athletic fields (football/soccer/lacrosse)
- Outdoor basketball court
- Charlotte A. **Dunning** Elementary School
: Built in the early 1960s and originally called The Frost Street Elementary School, it was renamed in 1965 after local politician Charlotte A. Dunning. It is located on Frost Street, in a complex of nature paths, athletic fields, farmland and schools adjacent to the Hultman Aqueduct. It shares a building design with the Hemenway School.
: **Facilities**:
- 30 classrooms
- Shared cafeteria/auditorium
- Gymnasium
- In-school library
- Central courtyard
- Community playground
- 2 baseball fields (shared with Walsh Middle School)
- 1 multi-use athletic field (football/soccer/lacrosse/track & field, shared with Walsh Middle School)
- 1 outdoor basketball court (shared with Walsh Middle School)
- 4 outdoor asphalt tennis courts (shared with Walsh Middle School)
- The Joshua **Hemenway** Elementary School
: Hemenway opened in 1961 and is named after Framingham\'s first school headmaster, Deacon Joshua Hemenway. Hemenway is a multiple intelligences school that teaches using real-life experiences, hands-on science and current world events. It is located on Water Street, approximately half a mile east of Edgell Road. It shares a building design with the Dunning School.
: **Facilities**:
- 30 classrooms, 2 temporary classroom facilities
- Shared cafeteria/auditorium
- Gymnasium
- In-school library
- Central courtyard
- Community playground
- 1 baseball field
- The George P. **King** Elementary School
King Elementary school is Framingham\'s first STEAM school. STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Math) is essentially science and technology interpreted through engineering and the arts, all based in mathematical elements.
- Miriam F. **McCarthy** School
: McCarthy was built in the mid-1950s and expanded in 1995 and is named after local educator Miriam F. McCarthy. McCarthy places a focus on literary arts in an effort to teach its students to become proficient and strategic readers and writers. It is located on Flagg Drive in a complex of schools and athletic fields.
: **Facilities**:
- 30 classrooms
- Shared cafeteria/auditorium
- Gymnasium
- In-school library and computer lab
- Community playground
- 1 baseball field (shared with Fuller Middle School)
- 2 baseball fields (in adjacent athletic facility)
- 2 multi-use athletic fields (football/soccer/lacrosse, in adjacent athletic facility)
- **Potter Road** Elementary School
: Built in 1969, along with the Brophy School, Potter Road is the only school besides FHS that is not named after an individual. Potter Road emphasizes a plan for lifelong learning that teaches students that education is not confined to the classroom and that personal growth continues beyond the school doors. Potter Road is located on its name-sake road, halfway between Water Street and Elm Street.
: **Facilities**:
- 36 classrooms on two floors
- Shared cafeteria/auditorium
- Gymnasium
- In-school library and computer lab
- Central courtyard
- Community playground
- 2 baseball fields
- 1 multi-use athletic field (football/soccer/lacrosse)
- 1 outdoor basketball court
- Mary E. **Stapleton** Elementary
: Built in the 1920s as the Saxonville School, it was expanded in 1980 and renamed for local educator and principal Mary E. Stapleton. Stapleton implements a school wide theme focusing on environmental education which uses hands-on learning and features the Carol Getchell Nature Trail along the Sudbury River. In 2006, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts cited Stapleton as \"Environmental Eagle\" due to the success of its recycling program. It is located on Elm Street, just north of the Concord Street/Central Street/Elm Street intersection.
: **Facilities**
- 30 classrooms on two floors
- Shared cafeteria/auditorium
- Gymnasium
- In-school library and computer lab
- Community playground
- Harmony Grove, formerly known as **Wilson** Elementary School
: Wilson was built in the 1940s and underwent a major renovation/expansion in the early 2000s, and is named for President Woodrow Wilson. The Global Studies program expands on the standard curriculum by adding age-appropriate activities and modules that help children gain a greater personal knowledge of the world. It is located on Leland Street, just south of the Beaver Street/Kendall Avenue/Leland Street intersection. It is the last of the schools in Framingham named for US Presidents, with the former Washington and Lincoln schools closed and sold off to private groups.
: **Facilities**
- 44 classrooms on two floors
- Shared cafeteria/auditorium
- Gymnasium
- In-school library and computer lab
- Community playground
### Middle schools {#middle_schools}
All Framingham middle schools feature grades six through eight.
- **Cameron Middle School**
: The original Cameron Middle School opened in 1974 and is named after Framingham educator, Dr. Walter C. Cameron. Cameron was originally one of three new middle school buildings built by the town using the same architectural design, the others being Farley and Barberi. The school was closed in 1982 and demolished in 2000. The current school opened in 2002. Its school colors are yellow and green and the mascot is the Cameron Cougars. In the 2006--07 school year, the student council at Cameron conducted a survey of the student body of the school about changing the name mascot from the Cameron Comets; from a list of ten possible names, the name Cougars was chosen. The school is located on Elm Street across from Norton\'s Pond.
- **Fuller Middle School**
: The Fuller Middle School Opened in 1998 in the former Framingham South High School building. It is named after Dr. Solomon Carter Fuller (1872--1953), a pioneering African-American in the field of psychology and his wife Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller (1877--1968), a well-known sculptor and artist in the 1920s. Its school colors are black (Onyx) and green (Jade) and the mascot is Fuller Falcons. The school is located on Flagg Drive across from the McCarthy Elementary School. It has been cited as a Commonwealth Compass School.
- **Walsh Middle School**
: Walsh Middle School opened in 1969 and is named after Framingham educator, William S. Walsh. Its school colors are maroon and gold and the mascot is the Walsh Wildcats. The school is located on Brook Street, in a complex of nature paths, athletic fields, farmland and schools adjacent to the Hultman Aqueduct and the Dunning Elementary School.
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# Framingham Public School District
## Public schools {#public_schools}
### High school {#high_school}
- **Framingham High School** (grades nine through 12)
: From 1963 until 1990, the town operated two independent high schools; Framingham North High School and Framingham South High School. The two separate high schools often competed with each other in sports, causing a friendly rivalry. Due to falling population, the two schools were combined at the campus of Framingham North, which was renamed Framingham High School. (The Framingham South High school building was made into the Fuller Middle School.)
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
: The two high schools were distinguished by their colors and mascots: North had the Spartans in green and gold while South had the Flyers in blue and white. When the time for the merger of the schools came, the district held an election to determine the fate of the colors and mascots. The winning combination was to be the Spartans in blue and white, however alumni of the original Framingham High raised a protest that the town should revert to the original mascot and colors which happened to be used by Framingham South. The School Committee agreed with the alumni and overrode the students choice.
- **Eugene Thayer Campus** (grades nine through 12)
: The Thayer Campus is for students who do not learn well in a typical school setting
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# Agriculture in Nicaragua
Nicaragua produces coffee, cotton, bananas, sugar and beef cattle.
## Production
In 2018, Nicaragua produced 7.2 million tons of sugarcane, being heavily dependent on this product. In addition to sugarcane, the country produced 395 thousand tons of maize, 365 thousand tons of rice, 300 thousand tons of palm oil, 252 thousand tons of banana, 209 thousand tons of cassava, 197 thousand tons of beans, 194 thousand tons of peanut, 141 thousand tons of coffee, 118 thousand tons of orange, in addition to smaller yields of other agricultural products such as pineapple, potato, sorghum, tomato etc.
## History
Nicaragua\'s relatively low population density and its wealth of land resources have both held the promise of solutions to poverty and been a major cause of it. The importance of one or two crops has meant that the country\'s entire economy has undergone boom-or-bust cycles determined primarily by worldwide prices for agricultural exports.
Coffee became the country\'s principal crop in the 1870s, a position it still held as of 1992 despite the growing importance of other crops. Cotton gained importance in the late 1940s, and in 1992 was the second biggest export earner. In the early 1900s, Nicaraguan governments were reluctant to give concessions to the large United States banana companies, and bananas have never been as important a crop for Nicaragua as they have been for Nicaragua\'s Central American neighbors; bananas are grown in the country, however, and were generally the third largest export earner in the post-World War II period. Beef and animal by-products, the most important agricultural export for the three centuries before the coffee boom of the late 1800s, were still important commodities in 1992.
From the end of World War II to the early 1960s, the growth and diversification of the agricultural sector drove the nation\'s economic expansion. From the early 1960s until the increased fighting in 1977 caused by the Sandinista revolution, agriculture remained a robust and significant part of the economy, although its growth slowed somewhat in comparison with the previous postwar decades. Statistics for the next fifteen years, however, show stagnation and then a drop in agricultural production.
The agricultural sector declined precipitously in the 1980s. Until the late 1970s, Nicaragua\'s agricultural export system generated 40 percent of the country\'s GDP, 60 percent of national employment, and 80 percent of foreign exchange earnings. Throughout the 1980s, the Contras destroyed or disrupted coffee harvests as well as other key income-generating crops. Private industry stopped investing in agriculture because of uncertain returns. Land was taken out of production of export crops to expand plantings of basic grain. Many coffee plants succumbed to disease.
In 1989, the fifth successive year of decline, farm production declined by roughly 7 percent in comparison with the previous year. Production of basic grains fell as a result of Hurricane Joan in 1988 and a drought in 1989. By 1990 agricultural exports had declined to less than half the level of 1978. The only bright spot was the production of nontraditional export crops such as sesame, tobacco, and African palm oil.
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# Agriculture in Nicaragua
## Crops
### Sugar
Historically, poor transportation limited production of sugarcane to roughly the same area in northwest Nicaragua where bananas were grown. Demand for sugar remained comparatively low until the United States-imposed embargo on Cuban sugar began in 1960. Demand then soared, and sugar production tripled over in the next two decades. Like all other agricultural products, sugar production was severely hit by the United States trade embargo on Nicaraguan products from 1985 to 1990. Production of raw sugarcane stood at 2,300 tons in 1989.
Sugar production increased dramatically, and Nicaragua produced 7.2 million tons of sugarcane in 2018, being heavily dependent on this product.
### Maize
### Rice
Nicaragua\'s domestic rice production is only able to satisfy 70% of the countries demand. Leading to rice having to be imported from other places.
Rice is primarily produced in the departments of Matagalpa, Granada, Boaco, Chontales, Leon, Rivas and Rio San Juan. And an estimated 70% of this land has been irrigated. Reports from the Nicaraguan Association of Rice Growers (ANAR), national production of irrigated rice is about 65.6 quintals per manzana, while it is around 26 quintals per manzana for rainfed rice.
### Palm oil {#palm_oil}
The first palm oil plantations began production in 1990, these were created in the Caribbean lowlands.
### Bananas
Unlike in other Central American countries, political squabbles over who would control the plantations and shipment of the crop prevented bananas from becoming the major export earner in Nicaragua. Bananas, a native fruit of tropical Asia, were introduced to Nicaragua early in the colonial period. Initially, until a market for them appeared in the United States in the 1860s, bananas, like other fruit, were destined mostly for local consumption.
Small plots of the Gros Michel variety of banana were planted for export, but political turmoil and difficulties in establishing secure transportation routes hampered export. Because United States companies developed banana production in neighboring countries, Nicaragua\'s large potential for this crop remained underdeveloped.
Politics and outbreaks of disease in the 20th century kept banana production low. During their time in power, the Somoza family, who had discovered that coffee and cattle were more profitable than bananas, refused to give United States banana companies the free rein that they enjoyed throughout the rest of Central America. In addition, an outbreak of Panama disease, a fungus that kills the plant\'s underground stem, wiped out most of the banana plantations in the early 20th century.
New plants of the Valery and Giant Cavendish variety were planted, with constant use of fungicides was required to control black sigatoka disease. Although Cavendish bananas yield three times the harvest of the older Gros Michel type, Cavendish bananas are more difficult to harvest and transport. Cavendish bananas, for example, bruise easily and must be picked at an earlier stage and crated in the fields for transport. Most banana production is in the Pacific lowlands, in a region extending north from Lago de Managua to the Golfo de Fonseca. In 1989, banana production amounted to 132,000 tons.
### Cassava
### Coffee
Large-scale coffee growing began in Nicaragua in the 1850s, and by 1870 coffee was the principal export crop, a position it held for the next century. Coffee is a demanding crop, however, because coffee trees require several years to produce a harvest, and the entire production process requires a greater commitment of capital, labor, and land than do many other crops. Coffee also grows only in the rich volcanic soil found on mountainous terrain, making transportation of the crop to the market difficult.
In 1992 more land was planted in coffee than in any other crop. The actual amount of land devoted to coffee varies somewhat from year to year, but averaged 2,100 km^2^ in the 1980s. Production is centered in the northern part of the central highlands north and east of Estelí, and also in the hilly volcanic region around Jinotepe.
Although production of coffee dropped somewhat in the late 1980s, the 1989 crop was still 42,000 tons. Nicaragua\'s poor transportation system and ecological concerns over the amount of land devoted to growing crops on volcanic slopes in the Pacific region limit further expansion of coffee cultivation. These limitations have led growers to explore planting other crops in undeveloped areas of the country.
### Cotton
Cotton was Nicaragua\'s second biggest export earner as of the 1980s. A latecomer to Nicaraguan agriculture, cotton became feasible as an export crop only in the 1950s, when pesticides were developed that permitted high yields in tropical climates. Cotton soon became the crop of choice for large landowners along the central Pacific coast.
As the amount of land under cultivation grew, erosion and pollution from the heavy use of pesticides became serious problems. Lack of credit for planting, a drop in world cotton prices, and competition from Chile discouraged cotton production in the mid-1980s. Production of cotton dropped significantly in the 1980s, and the 1989 crop of 22,000 tons was less than a third of that produced in 1985.
## Livestock
The first cattle were brought to Nicaragua by the Spanish in the 16th century, and livestock raising was a mainstay of the early colony. Drier areas on the western slopes of the central highlands were ideal for cattle raising, and by the mid-18th century, a wealthy elite, whose income was based on livestock raising, controlled León, Nicaragua\'s colonial capital.
In the late 20th century, as was true in the late 16th century, cattle raising has been concentrated in the areas east of Lago de Managua. Most beef animals are improved zebu strains. Smaller herds of dairy cattle- -mostly Jersey, Guernsey, or Holstein breeds---are found near population centers. A breed that is unique to Nicaragua is the La Reina.`{{Fact|date=August 2021}}`{=mediawiki}
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# Agriculture in Nicaragua
## Agricultural policy {#agricultural_policy}
In 1979 the new Sandinista administration quickly identified food as a national priority in order that the country\'s chronically malnourished rural population could be fed. The government planned to increase production to attain self-sufficiency in grains by 1990. Self-sufficiency in other dietary necessities was planned for the year 2000. For a variety of reasons, however, including the private sector\'s retention of 60 percent of arable land, the Sandinista government continued to import food and grow cash crops. In 1993 the goal of self-sufficiency in food production was still far from being achieved.
To generate essential foreign exchange, the Ortega administration continued to support an upscale, high-tech agroexport sector, but returns on its investment diminished. By 1990 only one-quarter of the pre-1979 area planted in cotton, one of the leading foreign exchange earners in the 1970s, was still under cultivation. Despite an established priority for food production, food imports to Nicaragua grew enormously from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s.
In general, the Sandinistas made little progress in reducing economic dependence on traditional export crops. To the contrary, faced with the need for food self-sufficiency versus the need for essential foreign exchange earnings, the Ortega administration, demonstrating scant economic expertise, continued to prop up the country\'s traditional agroindustrial export system. They did so despite expensive foreign imports, diminished export markets, and a powerful opposing private sector.
Revenues from traditional export crops continued their rapid decline throughout the 1980s. Despite this drop, agriculture accounted for 29 percent of the GDP in 1989 and an estimated 24 percent in 1991. Agriculture employed about 45% of the work force in 1991
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# Rurtalbahn GmbH
**Rurtalbahn** (German for \"Rur Valley Railway\") is a railway company servicing the Rur valley from Linnich to Heimbach. Its major hub is Düren station, from where two train lines run to the two destinations.
Rurtalbahn GmbH is owned by R.A.T.H GmbH (74.9%) and Dürener Kreisbahn (25.1%). It was outsourced from Dürener Kreisbahn in 2003, who had formerly promoted their railway network as Rurtalbahn. Dürener Kreisbahn had operated the two train lines since 1993 (however with the line to Linnich being shorter - trains only went to Jülich).
On weekends, Rurtalbahn runs several tourist trains in the Eifel area such as the BördeExpress. Rurtalbahn has a stake of 50% in the recently founded VIAS GmbH, a railway company servicing the Frankfurt area. In the Düren area, Rurtalbahn runs its trainlines on behalf of Aachener Verkehrsverbund (AVV), the Bördeexpress is run on behalf of IG Rurtalbahn.
Rurtalbahn is also expanding its freight branch
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# Carychiinae
**Carychiinae** is a taxonomic subfamily of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.
## Taxonomy
Carychiinae is part of the family Ellobiidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
Some authors consider Carychiidae as a separate family.
## Genera
Genera within the subfamily Carychiinae include:
- *Carychiella* Strauch, 1977
- *Carychiopsina* Kadolsky, 2020 †
- *Carychiopsis* Sandberger, 1872 †
- *Carychium* O. F. Müller, 1773 - type genus of the subfamily Carychiinae
- *Koreozospeum* Jochum, Prozorova, Sharyi-ool & Páll-Gergely, 2015
- *Ovicarychium* Kadolsky, 2020 †
- *Turricarychium* Kadolsky, 2020 †
- *Zospeum* Bourguignat, 1856
- *Zuella* Kadolsky, 2020 †
## Ecology
One lineage of the Ellobioidea, the Carychiidae has successfully accomplished a complete transition onto land. Extant carychiid snails inhabit aphotic and permanently wet epigean (*Carychium*) or subterranean (*Zospeum*) environments throughout their Holarctic distribution. This dramatic shift from a marine to a terrestrial habitat has occurred independently of the stylommatophoran land-snails of the Eupulmonata
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# National Geographic Explorer
***National Geographic Explorer*** (or simply ***Explorer***) is an American documentary television series that originally premiered on Nickelodeon on April 7, 1985, after having been produced as a less costly and intensive alternative to PBS\'s *National Geographic Specials* by Pittsburgh station WQED. The first episode (\"Herculaneum: Voices from the Past\") was produced by WQED and featured long-time *Explorer* cameraman Mark Knobil, who is the few staff members with the franchise during all 24 seasons. The program is the longest-running documentary television series on cable television. Presented every Sunday from 5:00 pm to 8:00 pm, the original series was three hours in length, containing five to ten short films. Although the National Geographic Society had been producing specials for television for 20 years prior to *Explorer*, the premiere of the series required an increase in production from 4 hours of programming a year to 156 hours. Tim Cowling and Tim Kelly were the executive producers for the series during this transition.
In its 36 years on television, *Explorer* has worked for five television outlets. In February 1986, *Explorer* moved to TBS, where it had a successful run until September 1999, when it moved to CNBC. In October 2001, the series moved to MSNBC. In June 2003, the series was relaunched on MSNBC as *Ultimate Explorer*, with Lisa Ling as the host. On July 8, 2004, *Explorer* joined the National Geographic Channel.
*National Geographic Explorer* has earned more than 400 awards, including 52 Emmy Awards, 13 Cable ACE awards, the Family Television Award, the Genesis Award, the DuPont-Columbia Silver Baton Award, the Peabody Award, four gold medals at the International Film and Television Festival of New York, as well as being nominated for two Academy Awards.
The original Explorer series ended in 2011 and then was started again in 2015 with the help of original programming president Tim Pastore, hosted by British journalist Richard Bacon, with executive producers Lou Wallach, Jeff Hasler and Brian Lovett. The series is broadcast on National Geographic\'s 171 channels around the world. In 2018, Bacon was replaced by Phil Keoghan who is best known for hosting *The Amazing Race*.
## Plot / Format {#plot_format}
Variety magazine described the series: \"The new-model \'Explorer\' is described as a weekly \'docu-talk\' series that will feature magazine-style field reporting, celebrity guest and talk show segments shot in front of a studio audience.\"
## Background
*National Geographic Specials* were being produced by Pittsburgh station WQED for PBS.
## History
*National Geographic Explorer* began broadcasting in April 1985 on Nickelodeon. The following year, the show moved to TBS. Each episode was made by an independent production company with a National Geographic staffer serving as an associate producer. Local actor Bingo O\'Malley was selected by *Herculaneum: Voices from the Past* producer Joe Seamans as host. *Herculaneum* was extended for broadcast on PBS in 1987 under the title, \'\'In the Shadow of Vesuvius\".
The show bounced between CNBC (which was subject to interruptions in the fall and late spring/early summer due to World Series and NBA Finals postgames from NBC Sports), then MSNBC and finally National Geographic Channel. In April 2010, the show celebrated its 25 year with a special, \"Explorer: 25 Years\".
## Hosts / narrators {#hosts_narrators}
- David Greenan (1985)
- Tom Chapin (1985--1988)
- Robert Urich (1988--1995)
- Boyd Matson (1995--2003)
- Lisa Ling (2003--2010)
- Salvatore F Vecchio (2000-2014)
- Richard Bacon (2016)
- Jeff Goldblum (2017)
- Dan Rather (2017)
- Nick Schifrin (2017)
- Ted Danson (2017)
- Ali Wentworth (2017)
- Phil Keoghan (2018)
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