id
int64 39
11.1M
| section
stringlengths 3
4.51M
| length
int64 2
49.9k
| title
stringlengths 1
182
| chunk_id
int64 0
68
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
11,009,906 |
# National Geographic Explorer
## Executive producers {#executive_producers}
- Tim Kelly
- Tim Cowling
- Tom Simon
- Michael Rosenfeld
- Patrick Prentice
- Jonathan Halperin
- Robert Zakin
- Lou Wallach,
- Jeff Hasler
- Brian Lovett
- Laura Glassman
- Drew Pulley
## Episodes
Source:
Episode list starting with the change in title to simply *Explorer*
### Season 1 (2005) {#season_1_2005}
- \"Collapse\", a forensic look at the chain of events leading up to some of the world\'s most fatal structural disasters, including the worst structural failure to take place in the U.S. prior to 9/11
- \"Deadly Love\", spider sex
- \"Elephant Rage\"
- \"Hogzilla\"
- \"Inside Shock & Awe\"
- \"L.A. Future Quake\"
- \"Last Days of the Maya\"
- \"Mysteries of Survival\", Pablo Valencia, Adirondack Mountains
- \"Nightmare in Jamestown\"
- \"Pyramids of Fire\"
- \"Python vs. Gator\"
- \"Search for Adam\"
- \"Secrets of the Tornado\"
- \"Super Chopper\"
- \"Super Snake!\"
- \"Surviving Maximum Security\"
- \"The True Face of Hurricanes\"
- \"Violent Earth\"
- \"Witchcraft Murder\"
- \"World\'s Most Dangerous Gang\"
### Season 2 (2006) {#season_2_2006}
- \"Attack of the Killer Bees\"
- \"Doomsday Volcano\"
- \"Drowning New Orleans\"
- \"Fire Ants: Texas Border Massacre\"
- \"Inside North Korea\"
- \"Killer Cane Toads\"
- \"Outsmarting Terror\"
- \"Science of Surveillance\"
- \"Secret Lives of Jesus\"
- \"Super Rig\"
- \"Super Sub\"
- \"Supercarrier\"
- \"Ultimate Bear\", black, brown, and polar bears
- \"Ultimate Cat\" lions, tigers and leopards
- \"Ultimate Hippo\"
- \"Ultimate Shark\"
- \"World\'s Most Dangerous Drug\"
### Season 3 (2007) {#season_3_2007}
- \"Aryan Brotherhood\"
- \"China\'s Secret Mummies\"
- \"Heroin Crisis\"
- \"Inside Bethlehem\"
- \"Inside the Body Trade\"
- \"Iraq\'s Guns for Hire\"
- \"Jellyfish Invasion\"
- \"The Last Christians of Bethlehem\"
- \"Mammoth Mystery\"
- \"The Missing Years\"
- \"Science of Babies\"
- \"Science of Dogs\"
- \"Struck By Lightning\"
- \"Ultimate Crocodile\"
- \"Ultimate Viper\"
### Season 4 (2008) {#season_4_2008}
- \"Alaska\'s Last Oil\"
- \"Border Wars\", Illegal immigration to the United States along the US-Mexico border, US Border Patrol
- \"Congo Bush Pilots\"
- \"Death of the Iceman\"
- \"Finding Anastasia\"
- \"Gorilla Murders\"
- \"Guns in America\"
- \"Inside Sumo\"
- \"Lost Cities of the Amazon\"
- \"Marijuana Nation\"
- \"Moment of Death\"
- \"Mystery of the Mummy Murders\"
- \"Science of Cats\"
- \"Science of Evil\"
- \"Secret History of Gold\"
- \"Shark Superhighway\"
- \"Testosterone Factor\"
- \"Tunnel to a Lost World\"
- \"Zoo Tiger Escape\"
### Season 5 (2009) {#season_5_2009}
- \"24 Hours After Asteroid Impact\"
- \"Child Mummy Sacrifice\"
- \"Chimps on the Edge\"
- \"Climbing Redwood Giants\"
- \"Easter Island Underworld\"
- \"Inside Death Row\"
- \"Inside Guantanamo Bay\"
- \"Inside LSD\"
- \"Italy\'s Mystery Mummies\", Capuchin catacombs of Palermo, Catherine of Bologna, others
- \"Monster Fish of the Congo\"
- \"Mystery of the Disembodied Feet\"
- \"Narco State\"
- \"Nazi Mystery\"
- \"Secret History of Diamonds\"
- \"Sex, Lies & Gender\"
- \"T-Rex Walks Again\"
- \"The Virus Hunters\"
### Season 6 (2010) {#season_6_2010}
- \"Camp Leatherneck\"
- \"DEA Takedown\"
- \"Electronic Armageddon\", electromagnetic pulse warfare
- \"Explorer: 25 Years\"
- \"Fatal Insomnia\"
- \"Inside the Nuclear Threat\"
- \"Journey to an Alien Moon\"
- \"Python Wars\", and other invasive species
- \"Solitary Confinement\"
- \"Talibanistan\", the Taliban in Waziristan and rest of the border region
- \"Vampire Forensics\"
- \"Nazi Mystery: Twins from Brazil\", Joseph Mengele\'s experiments on twins revived in Brazil
### Season 7 (2011) {#season_7_2011}
- \"American Hostage\"
- \"Lost Cannibals of Europe\"
- \"How to Build a Beating Heart\"
- \"Man vs Volcano\"
- \"Megapiranha\"
- \"Mystery of the Murdered Saints\"
- \"Stormagenddon\"
- \"Taking Down the Mob\"
- \"Crime Lords of Tokyo\"
- \"Gang War USA\"
- \"Murder in the Roman Empire\"
- \"Hostage Crises Massacre\"
- \"Psychic Gold Hunt\"
- \"To Catch a Smuggler\"
- \"Marijuana Gold Rush\"
- \"Guerrilla Gold Rush\"
### Season 8 (2015) {#season_8_2015}
- \"Warlords of Ivory\"
- \"Legend of the Monkey God\"
- \"Bill Nye\'s Global Meltdown\"
- \"The Cult of Mary\"
- \"Call of the Wild\"
- \"Eyes Wide Open\"
- \"Fighting ISIS\"
- \"Faces of Death\"
- \"Point of No Return\"
- \"Blood Antiquities\"
- \"Battle for Varunga\"
- \"What Would Teddy Do?\", about Theodore Roosevelt
### Season 9 (2016) {#season_9_2016}
- \"Episode 1\" originally broadcast November 14, 2016 - host Richard Bacon, stories of death and features interviews with comedian Larry Wilmore and environmental activist Erin Brockovich.
- \"Episode 2\" originally broadcast November 21, 2016
- \"Episode 3\" originally broadcast November 28, 2016
- \"Episode 4\" originally broadcast December 5, 2016 - Russian gender camps, Uganda's Hollywood and blows up a bus for science, David Banner, Chris Kluwe and Gavin McInnes debate the meaning of manhood.
- \"Episode 5\" originally broadcast December 12, 2016
- \"Episode 6\" originally broadcast December 19, 2016
| 808 |
National Geographic Explorer
| 1 |
11,009,906 |
# National Geographic Explorer
## Episodes
### Season 10 (2017) {#season_10_2017}
- \"Episode 1\" originally broadcast March 6, 2017
- \"Episode 2\" originally broadcast March 13, 2017 - host Aasif Mandvi, investigates US Terrorist watchlist
- \"Episode 3\" originally broadcast March 20, 2017 - host Nick Schifrin, interview with His Holiness the Dalai Lama
- \"Episode 4\" originally broadcast March 27, 2017
- \"Episode 5\" originally broadcast April 3, 2017 - host Dan Rather, Iceland's gene pool could unlock the cure to diseases like Alzheimer's; Ryan Duffy investigates the rhino horn black market.
- \"Episode 6\" originally broadcast April 10, 2017
- \"Episode 7\" originally broadcast April 17, 2017
- \"Episode 8\" originally broadcast April 24, 2017
- \"Episode 9\" originally broadcast May 1, 2017 - investigates Mexico's violent war on drugs, an looks into Oklahoma's disappearing cattle, plus actor and activist Mandy Patinkin.
- \"Episode 10\" originally broadcast May 8, 2017
- \"Episode 11\" originally broadcast May 15, 2017 - host Jeff Goldblum, in-depth look at Big Pharma, prescription drugs and the opioid epidemic.
- \"Episode 12\" originally broadcast May 22, 2017
- \"Episode 13\" originally broadcast May 29, 2017
- \"Episode 14\" originally broadcast June 5, 2017 - host Ted Danson about a rare surgical procedure. Plus why NASA's newest star, is a world-famous chef.
- \"Episode 15\" originally broadcast June 12, 2017 - host Ted Danson, growing illegal fish trade, plus executive director of Human Rights Watch Kenneth Roth.
- \"Episode 16\" originally broadcast June 19, 2017
- \"Episode 17\" originally broadcast June 26, 2017 - host Ali Wentworth, interview with civil rights pioneer the Rev. Jesse L. Jackson Sr
| 273 |
National Geographic Explorer
| 2 |
11,009,932 |
# Together for Change
**Together for Change** (*Заједно за Промјене, ЗЗП, Zajedno za Promjene, \'\'\'ZZP\'\'\'*) was a populist political alliance in Montenegro that existed from 2001 to 2006, originally known as **Together for Yugoslavia** (ЗЗЈ, *ZZJ*). It based itself upon the necessity for a united Yugoslav state with Serbia. Predrag Bulatović was its wingleader. The pro-European semi-conservative coalition also based itself on economic and democratic reforms, bringing down of the authoritarian regime of Prime Minister Milo Đukanović and his Democratic Party of Socialists.
## History
### Formation
The political alliance merged after a drastic change within the Socialist People\'s Party of Montenegro. With Slobodan Milošević and his SPS defeated in Serbia and him on trial at the Hague, SNP CG lost its main financial supplier and room was made for the democratic wing under Predrag Bulatovic to come to prominence. The party had purged in 2001 its entire old pro-Milošević leadership, with its new president Predrag Bulatović deliberately voting for the removal of most members of the party who had close or intimate links with either Slobodan Milošević or its already by then former leader Momir Bulatović. The party adopted a new pro-European program and pointed out that it is capable of conducting real lustration in order to make a final brake with the policies of the 1990s, unlike the Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro which saw only a change in political ideology, but with precisely the same men from the reign of Slobodan Milošević gathered around Milo Đukanović. Breaking ties with parties belonging to the old regime, it ended the For Yugoslavia short-lived pro-Milošević political alliance, with Momir Bulatovic\'s People\'s Socialist Party taking charge over it and transforming it into the Patriotic Coalition for Yugoslavia. SNP CG however kept only the Serbian People\'s Party of Montenegro at its side, although putting it at hard pressure to replace its old leadership that represented unpopular characters from the 1990s and change its fiercely Serbian nationalistic pursuits. As a result, the party became more moderate with Andrija Mandić as its new president. Emphasizing the need to emulate DPS from 1998 with its broad anti-Milošević coalition, SNP searched to form a broad anti-Đukanović coalition on the very basis to gather all political forces that wanted to maintain the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, unlike ruling Milo\'s coalition which desired an independent Montenegrin state. The People\'s Party of Montenegro under the new leadership of Predrag had abandoned Milo\'s coalition because of its disappointment in Milo\'s promises of reforms and ideological differences over Montenegro\'s independence proposing and had aligned with SNP. Thus SNP CG made the **Together for Yugoslavia** (Заједно за Југославију) alliance with Serb People\'s Party (SNS) and the People\'s Party of Montenegro (NS CG).
### 2001 elections
The 2001 Montenegrin parliamentary election saw practically just two choices: this SNP-led alliance and Milo\'s Victory is of Montenegro coalition, both very large coalition of strong potential. Both sides tried to get the Liberal Alliance of Montenegro at its side, but ZZJ didn\'t do it because LSCG\'s frontline goal was an independent Montenegrin state, the very thing this alliance is opposing as its mainstream policy. ZZJ was also at very bad relations with LSCG already because of SNP\'s past - LSCG opposed Milošević ever since its creation in 1990, and has never joined DPS despite they too changed their political ideology.
The coalition won the 2001 parliamentary election in Montenegro under the name **Together for Yugoslavia** with 148,513 votes or 40.87% and 33 seats (21 for SNP CG, 9 for NS CG and 3 for SrNS CG), but failed to form a government.
### 2002 elections {#elections_1}
At the legislative elections in Montenegro, on 21 October 2002, the coalition won 38.4% (133,900 votes) of the popular vote and 30 of 75 seats (19 for SNP CG, 6 for SrNS CG and 5 for NS CG). It had represented the entire opposition force in Montenegro, and was a strong proponent of union with Serbia. The union became more dis-unified after the DSS CG seceded from SNS CG in 2003 (taking 2 of SNS\' 6 MPs in the Parliament).
### 2006 referendum
The pro-Yugoslavian Alliance\'s last major political movement was during the 2006 Montenegrin independence referendum, when it made the Unionist Bloc supporting the NO option for independence. They got 185,002 votes, or 44.51% of the total vote, losing the referendum. However the referendum was highly and deeply controversial, so the Bloc never really accepted its results. After the independence referendum the Alliance was demolished, the Serbian People\'s Party left, forming a Serb-centric alliance, while SNP, NS and DSS ran as a coalition on the 2006 Montenegrin parliamentary election. With the poor outcome of the coalition - winning only 11 seats, despite huge promises and all the expectations that this election would be final Đukanović\'s fall - the unofficial leader of the Yugoslavist bloc Predrag Bulatović resigned from political leadership and SNP distanced itself from NS and DSS, ending the last fringes of the once huge alliance.
## Elections {#elections_2}
### Parliamentary elections {#parliamentary_elections}
Year Coalition name Popular vote \% of popular vote Overall seats won Seat change Government
------ ------------------------- -------------- -------------------- ------------------- ------------- ------------
2001 Together for Yugoslavia 148,513 40.56% 1
2002 Together for Changes 133,894 38.4% 3
| 872 |
Together for Change
| 0 |
11,009,932 |
# Together for Change
## Member parties {#member_parties}
The political alliance was composed by:
+------------+---------------------------------+-------+------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Party name | | Abbr
| 21 |
Together for Change
| 1 |
11,009,963 |
# Donuts EP: J. Rocc's Picks
\_\_NOTOC\_\_ `{{Infobox album
| name = Donuts EP: J. Rocc's Picks
| type = EP
| artist = [[J Dilla]]
| cover = DonutsEP.jpg
| alt =
| released = March 13, 2006
| recorded = 2005–2006
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Hip hop music|Hip hop]]
| length =
| label = [[Stones Throw]]
| producer = [[J Dilla]]
| prev_title = [[Donuts (album)|Donuts]]
| prev_year = 2006
| next_title = [[The Shining (J Dilla album)|The Shining]]
| next_year = 2006
}}`{=mediawiki}
***Donuts EP: J. Rocc\'s Picks*** is an EP released by Stones Throw following the 2006 death of Detroit producer/rapper J Dilla. The follow-up to his *Donuts* album, this EP features tracks picked by J. Rocc, a fellow producer on Stones Throw. The tracks on the EP are extended versions of the original tracks from *Donuts*, with the exception of \"Signs\", which is not included on the original album.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
All tracks written by J. Yancey
| 170 |
Donuts EP: J. Rocc's Picks
| 0 |
11,009,970 |
# Isaac Lipnitsky
**Isaac Oskarovich Lipnitsky** (*Ісаак Оскарович Липницький*; 25 June 1923`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}25 March 1959) was a Soviet chess master. He was a two-time Ukrainian champion (1949, 1956), and was among Ukraine\'s top half-dozen players from 1948 to 1956. He was a chess theoretician and professional teacher.
## Early life {#early_life}
Born in Kyiv, Lipnitsky was a childhood companion and chess rival of David Bronstein in Kyiv. In Bronstein\'s 1995 book, coauthored with Tom Furstenberg, *The Sorcerer\'s Apprentice*, Bronstein and Lipnitsky are pictured together in a group photo from the Kyiv Junior Chess Club in 1939, and Bronstein includes an early drawn game from 1938 against Lipnitsky in his collection.
Lipnitsky qualified for his first Ukrainian Championship in 1939 at Dnepropetrovsk at age 16, and he made a very creditable 7th place, with 8/15 (+5 −4 =6), half a point ahead of Bronstein, who was also making his debut at age 15. The Second World War then suspended most chess competition in the USSR for the next six years. Lipnitsky served in the Soviet Red Army, fought in the Battle of Stalingrad, and was decorated four times.
Lipnitsky\'s first result of note after the war in high-level competition was a tie for 5th--8th places in the 1948 Ukrainian Championship at Kyiv with 11/18, only half a point behind winner Anatoly Bannik, another childhood rival from the Kiev Junior Chess Club. In a tournament at Kharkiv 1948, Lipnitsky scored 7½/15, to place 11th.
## Ukrainian Champion, Soviet runner-up {#ukrainian_champion_soviet_runner_up}
Lipnitsky won the Ukrainian Championship in 1949 at Kiev, with a very strong 15½/19 (+14 −2 =3). This earned him the Master title. Efim Geller, who later earned the Grandmaster title, was second.
Lipnitsky had by far the best result of his career at Moscow in 1950 at the URS-ch18, where he scored a superb 11/17 (+8 −3 =6), to tie for 2nd--4th places, along with Lev Aronin and Alexander Tolush, only half a point behind champion Paul Keres.
In the 1950 Ukrainian Championship at Kiev, Lipnitsky scored 12/17 to place a strong second. In the 1952 Ukrainian Championship at Kiev, Lipnitsky finished in a tied 5th--6th place with 8½/15. Then in the 1953 Ukrainian Championship at Kiev, he ended up in a tied 3rd--4th place, with 8½/13.
Lipnitsky did not do anywhere near as well in the next two Soviet Championships, however. In URS-ch19, Moscow 1951, Lipnitsky scored just 6½/17 (+4 −8 =5), for a tied 15th--16th place, and a 2588 performance. At URS-ch20, Moscow 1952, Lipnitsky made only 7/19 (+3 −8 =8), for 17th place, and a 2567 performance.
Lipnitsky scored a very good 7/10 in the 1954 USSR Team Championship at Riga. He won the Ukrainian Championship again in 1956 at Kiev with 15/19, this time a point ahead of Bannik, who was second.
Unfortunately, in later years, his play has been affected by poor health.
## Legacy and style {#legacy_and_style}
Lipnitsky never got the chance to compete internationally in an individual tournament, missing out on the chance to earn international chess titles. Very few Soviet players got the chance to compete internationally during those years, and invitations were controlled by the USSR Chess Federation. In the Ukraine of his peak years, the region had more than 30 million people, and chess was very popular, with many strong players. By the chess standards of the 21st century, with Ukraine now an independent nation since 1991, Lipnitsky was certainly of International Master standard, and likely Grandmaster level. Lipnitsky achieved victories over most of the top Soviet players of his era during his peak years from 1948--56, including Paul Keres, Vasily Smyslov, Tigran Petrosian, Alexander Kotov, Yuri Averbakh, Igor Bondarevsky, Mark Taimanov, Efim Geller, Semyon Furman, Lev Aronin, Alexei Suetin, Ilya Kan, and Evgeny Vasiukov, among others. He had a wide opening repertoire with both colours, and his style was positional in nature, with tactics not dominating, but flowing from the situation.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Isaac was а son of Oscar (d. 1975) and Sima (d. 1958) and had one brother (Don). He was married to an actress Lyalya Leshchinskaya. They had one daughter Liana (June 2, 1946 - April 12, 2000). During World War II, he served as a corporal in an anti-spy unit. Lipnitsky died at age 35 in Kiev in 1959. The cause of death was polycythemia, a kind of chronic leucosis. It is mentioned in a book *Isaak Lipnitsky* by Vadim Teplitsky (Israel, 1993, in Russian).
| 739 |
Isaac Lipnitsky
| 0 |
11,009,970 |
# Isaac Lipnitsky
## Notable chess games {#notable_chess_games}
- \[<http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1106176>, Isaak Lipnitsky vs Tigran Petrosian, USSR Championship, Moscow 1950, Bogo-Indian Defence (E11), 1--0\] It\'s a very tough maneuvering endgame win over a future World Champion.
- \[<http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1125613>, Isaak Lipnitsky vs Vasily Smyslov, USSR Championship, Moscow 1950, Queen\'s Gambit Declined, Slav Defence, Exchange Variation (D13), 1--0\] Smyslov, another future World Champion, is a master of the endgame, but here Lipnitsky proves just a bit too tough with a patient strategical victory.
- \[<http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1084321>, Alexander Kotov vs Isaak Lipnitsky, USSR Championship, Moscow 1951, Nimzo-Indian Defence, Classical Variation (E35), 0--1\] Some very clever tactics feature in this Kingside attack.
- \[<http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1134501>, Alexei Suetin vs Isaak Lipnitsky, USSR Championship, Moscow 1952, Ruy Lopez, Modern Steinitz Defence (C79), 0--1\] Black whips up a dandy attack after White\'s Queen goes pawnhunting.
- \[<http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1156396>, Isaak Lipnitsky vs Ilya Kan, USSR Championship, Moscow 1952, Sicilian Defence, Kan/Paulsen Variation (B43), 1--0\] Kan\'s special variation takes a beating.
- \[<http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1368711>, Isaak Lipnitsky vs Evgeniy Vasiukov, USSR Team Championship, Voroshilovgrad 1955, King\'s Indian Defence, Fianchetto Variation (E60), 1--0\] Black\'s slightly offbeat opening strategy gets slowly squeezed
| 185 |
Isaac Lipnitsky
| 1 |
11,009,979 |
# Lydia Mei
**Lydia Mei** (2 July 1896 -- 14 September 1965) was an Estonian artist who specialized in watercolors.
Born in Liepāja, in the Courland Governorate of the Russian Empire (now Latvia), Lydia Mei was the middle child of the three daughters of an Estonian ship\'s captain who was born in Hiiumaa. All three sisters would become artists, with Lydia Mei and Natalie Mei achieving public prominence during the Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity) period of Estonian art of the 1920s and sister Kristine Mei becoming a sculptor.
Mei studied architecture at the Petrograd Women\'s Polytechnic Institute until 1918. But she became famous as a watercolorist in late 1920s. She married sculptor Anton Starkopf and is occasionally credited with the name Lydia Mei-Starkopf. She died in 1965 in the capital city of Tallinn
| 133 |
Lydia Mei
| 0 |
11,010,005 |
# Tiger Woods PGA Tour 08
***Tiger Woods PGA Tour 08*** is a sports video game released by EA Sports on all major seventh-generation platforms along with the PlayStation 2, Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X. EA Tiburon developed every version except the Nintendo DS version, which was worked on by Exient Entertainment.
## Reception
*Tiger Woods PGA Tour 08* received \"mixed or average\" and \"generally favorable\" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic.
*Games for Windows* gave the PC version 7.5 out of 10
| 84 |
Tiger Woods PGA Tour 08
| 0 |
11,010,021 |
# Henry J. Bean
**Henry J. Bean** (November 13, 1853 -- May 8, 1941) was an American politician and judge in Oregon. He was the 24th Chief Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court. He served in that role twice during the 1930s. At his death on the bench, he was the longest-serving justice in the state's history. A native of Maine, he also served in the Oregon House of Representatives.
## Early life {#early_life}
Henry Bean was born in Bethel, Maine, on November 13, 1853, to Elizabeth E. Bean (née Swift) and Timothy Bean.
There he attended Gould, Hebron, and North Yarmouth Academies for his primary education. Bean attended Gould Academy from 1874 to 1878 before spending six years as a teacher. Later he studied law under Maine Supreme Court justice Enoch Foster and was admitted to the bar in 1881.
He then moved to Oregon where he set up a law practice in Pendleton, Oregon, in 1882. In private practice, Bean formed a partnership with James A. Fee from 1885 to 1886. In that Eastern Oregon town, he served as the city attorney in 1883 and then as city recorder from 1885 to 1886. Bean then served a term in the Oregon State House in 1889. He represented Umatilla County in the lower chamber as a Republican. Bean married Mattie Magahey in Pendleton in 1896. They had two sons together.
## Judicial career {#judicial_career}
After serving as district attorney from 1896 to 1900, Henry Bean then served as a county judge for Umatilla County from 1904 to 1906. Following that he was selected to be a circuit court judge from 1906 to 1910.
In November 1910, Bean was elected to the Oregon Supreme Court where he would serve until his death. He won re-election in 1914, 1920, 1926, 1932, and 1938. His thirty years on the bench made him the longest-serving justice on the court until co-worker George Rossman earned that distinction.
Bean served as chief justice twice during his tenure. First from 1931 to 1933 and then from 1937 to 1939. He died in office on May 8, 1941, and was replaced by James T. Brand
| 358 |
Henry J. Bean
| 0 |
11,010,065 |
# Digital divide in China
Over the past decade, there has been an increase in the use of information and communications technologies (ICTs) in China. As the largest developing country in the world, China faces a severe digital divide, which exists not only between mainland China and the developed countries, but also among its own regions and social groups.
## Overview
China\'s telecommunication sector has been growing at an annual rate of between 30% and 50% in the past ten years due to rapid political, economic, and social changes. However, like most developing countries, the national telephone density and the Internet- user rate remain relatively low, only 23% and 2.18% respectively in 2001. Moreover, the digital divide among regions and social groups inside China is severe.
The term *digital divide* refers to the gap between those with regular, effective access to Digital and information technology, and those without. It encompasses both physical access to technology hardware and skills and resources which allow for its use. It can refer to both international as well as domestic disparities in the access to information technology.
Since the implementation of China\'s Tenth Five Year Plan (2001-2005), the PRC has stressed the importance of information technology in its economic development. There is an optimism within the government that the \"Internet and information technology (IT) are crucial factors for building international economic competitiveness and overcoming inter-regional development gaps at home.\" The plan classifies the building of an information society as key to China\'s economic development and modernization, with the belief that the development of IT will naturally pull the impoverished areas\' economy out of poverty.
Statistics show that many parts of rural China are being left behind while the urban areas reap the benefits of the internet and IT. The China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) has released statistics showing continuous annual growth in internet users, yet such growth has been a predominantly urban phenomenon as the majority of China\'s internet users are located almost exclusively in China\'s big cities. Furthermore, there is little economic incentive for Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to expand into regions with low purchasing power and/or population densities. It is left to the Chinese government to bridge the ever-expanding gap of the digital divide.
| 372 |
Digital divide in China
| 0 |
11,010,065 |
# Digital divide in China
## Statistics
The tables and pictures below show the geographical distribution of internet access in China. Internet density ranges from a high of 30.4% in Beijing to as low as 3.8% in the province of Guizhou. Just as startling as the differences in penetration rates is the vast disparity in the number of websites per person (table 2). Finally, the image of worldwideweb users in China portrays a graphic representation of the digital divide. We can infer from these statistics that users come from a relatively privileged strata of the population, dwelling in highly urbanized settings and concentrated in the prosperous Eastern regions.
### Regional distribution of Internet access {#regional_distribution_of_internet_access}
Source:
The current situation of telephone application and Internet use indicates the severity of the digital divide among regions in Mainland China. Traditionally, Mainland China\'s regions have been divided into three categories according to their geographical location and administrative divisions: Eastern, Central, and Western. The Eastern region possessed the largest segment of total Internet users, and the Central and Western region possessed the smallest fraction respectively, more than two times lower than the Eastern region.
Most researchers found that there is a close linkage between geographic features and telecommunication application; this linkage shows that geographic accessibility relates significantly to telecommunication access. Generally, the geographic feature of each region from East to Central to West is marked by plain, hill and mountain respectively. The second factors are demographic indicators; the population density of these regions appears inversely opposite their geographical elevation: the Eastern region has the highest population density, followed by the Central region, while the West, the most geographically elevated, has the lowest population density. The third factor is the level of economic development in these regions, which paints a similar picture: the level of economic development is closely related to Internet access.
In particular, Internet users concentrate largely in metropolitan areas. The latest statistics by the China Internet Center show that Internet users in Beijing account for 12. 39 percent of the national total; Shanghai accounts for 8.98 percent, while the corresponding figures for Tibet and Qinghai Province in northwestern China are 0.0 percent and 0.31 percent, respectively.
Anhui Internet Penetration rate by Year
-------------- -----------------------------------
4.3% (2006)
5.5%(2007)
9.6%(2008)
11.8%(2009)
17.4%(2010)
22.7%(2011)
26.6%(2012)
31.3%(2013)
35.9%(2014)
39.4% (2015)
44.3%(2016)
Beijing Internet Penetration rate by Year
------------- -----------------------------------
28.7%(2006)
30.4%(2007)
46.6%(2008)
60%(2009)
65.1%(2010)
69.4%(2011)
70.3%(2012)
72.2%(2013)
75.2%(2014)
75.3%(2015)
76.5%(2016)
77.8%(2017)
Chongqing Internet Penetration rate by Year
------------- -----------------------------------
6.1%(2006)
7.9%(2007)
12.7%(2008)
21.2%(2009)
28.3%(2010)
34.6%(2011)
37%(2012)
40.9%(2013)
43.9%(2014)
45.7%(2015)
48.3%(2016)
51.6%(2017)
Fujian Internet Penetration rate by Year
------------- -----------------------------------
11.3%(2006)
14.6%(2007)
24.3%(2008)
38.5%(2009)
45.2%(2010)
50.9%(2011)
57%(2012)
61.3%(2013)
64.1%(2014)
65.5%(2015)
69.6%(2016)
69.7%(2017)
Gansu Internet Penetration rate by Year
------------- -----------------------------------
4.8%(2006)
5.9%(2007)
8.4%(2008)
12.5%(2009)
20.4%(2010)
24.8%(2011)
27.4%(2012)
31%(2013)
34.7%(2014)
36.8%(2015)
38.8%(2016)
42.4%(2017)
Region Internet Penetration rate(2007)
---------------- ---------------------------------
Guangdong 19.9%
Shandong 12.2%
Jiangsu 13.7%
Zhejiang 19.9%
Sichuan 8.4%
Hebei 9.2%
Hubei 9.3%
Henan 5.5%
Shanghai 28.7%
Liaoning 11.4%
Hunan 6.4%
Shaanxi 10.6%
Shanxi 11.3%
Guangxi 8.0%
Heilongjiang 9.6%
Jiangxi 6.6%
Yunnan 6.2%
Jilin 10.0%
Tianjin 24.9%
Chongqing 7.9%
Inner Mongolia 6.7%
Xinjiang 7.7%
Guizhou 3.8%
Hainan 14.1%
Ningxia 7.0%
Qinghai 6.8%
Tibet 5.8%
#### Comparison of East/Middle/West in China internet development {#comparison_of_eastmiddlewest_in_china_internet_development}
Penetration Rate Domain Name Number/10,000 People Website Number/10,000 People
-------- ------------------ ---------------------------------- ------------------------------
East 14.0% 44.5 12.2
Middle 6.5% 7.9 2.0
West 6.9% 8.2 1.8
Nation 9.4% 22.0 5.9
| 564 |
Digital divide in China
| 1 |
11,010,065 |
# Digital divide in China
## Statistics
### Concentration of World Wide Web Users in Mainland China {#concentration_of_world_wide_web_users_in_mainland_china}
Source:
We concentrate on China\'s digital divide as their country\'s population is huge. Nevertheless, they are also known as a fast-growing technology country which is also a new industrialized country.
#### Urban-rural areas {#urban_rural_areas}
One of the main factors of the digital divide in China is location. Chinese citizens that reside in urban areas are much more likely to have access to the Internet than those who live in rural areas. More specifically, there is an Internet penetration rate of 50% in urban areas of China, but only 18.5% in rural areas of China.
China\'s telecommunication development is severely imbalanced between its rural and urban areas. Due to low population density and geographical disadvantages, rural areas experience a comparatively extremely high cost of investment in ICT infrastructure. By the end of 1998, China\'s rural areas had about 70 percent of the national population but only 20 percent of its total number of telephones. Compared to an urban telephone density of 27.7 percent, the rural telephone density of 2.85 percent is 10 times lower than urban telephone density in 1998.
Nevertheless, the situation of ICT development in rural China has improved gradually, thanks to general economic development and to the influx of ICT investment in rural areas. In 1998, the number of new telephone subscribers reached 6.913 million in rural areas, a 38.7 percent increase over 1997. The growth rate was two times more than that in urban areas. By the end of 1998, total telephone subscribers in rural area had reached 24.78 million; among them were 20.62 million rural household subscribers. The majority of the rural areas are in a digital divide as the government haven\'t developed the technology infrastructure here
#### Income levels {#income_levels}
According to the OECD, income is a key factor in PC and Internet access. Access rates between the lowest and highest brackets range from country to country within the OECD --from 3 times more likely to 10 times more likely. The latest CNNIC survey indicates that 65 percent of China\'s Internet users earn an annual income of more than 6000 yuan; in contrast, the users who earn less than 6000 Yuan annually only share 15 percent of total Internet use. Although the non-income users do share 20 percent of Internet use, this fact may not undermine the importance of income because this 20 percent is more likely to represent students who usually receive a high living subsidy from their parents. Study of telephone subscription of farm households in rural China also proves that farm households with higher annual incomes are more likely to subscribe to a telephone than are low-income-level farm households.
#### Education levels {#education_levels}
Differences in education levels are also highly correlated to PC and Internet access: those with higher levels of education are more likely to have ICTs at home and/or at work. Education is closely correlated to income, which obviously facilitates the purchase of ICTs and inclusion in the work environment. However, when income levels are taken into account, those with higher educational attainment will have higher rates of access. 91 percent of Chinese Internet users have a high school or above degree. A ZEF study on telephone access in rural China shows that heads of farm households with a primary level of education were more likely to subscribe to telephones than those without any level of education.
#### Gender divide {#gender_divide}
In China, a gender-based digital divide appears to be much smaller than education- and income-based divides. According to CNNIC\'s report from July 2011, 44.9% of Chinese Internet users are women.
| 609 |
Digital divide in China
| 2 |
11,010,065 |
# Digital divide in China
## Factors contributing to the increase in the divide {#factors_contributing_to_the_increase_in_the_divide}
Important structural changes in post-Mao China after Reform and Opening, beginning under Deng Xiaoping\'s leadership, must be considered in relation to the digital divide. The current urban-rural dual structure---or market-driven versus government-centered---is the underlying cause of the urban-rural divide. The digital divide between the two sectors could potentially intensify the current economic differences, causing more inequalities between the rural and urban sectors. It is also important to consider technology domestication or domestication theory.
In addition, China is facing the problem of digital divide due to imbalance of diffusion of ICTs infrastructure, high online charges, insufficiently trained staff, imperfect network legation, and information resource shortage in the Chinese language.
Insufficient infrastructure is a huge problem for achieving connectivity in rural areas, especially in the Western regions. There is currently a lack of incentive for telecommunication providers to invest in broadening their Western networks, mainly due to a lack of purchasing power and low population densities in these areas. The work of market forces push Internet Service Providers to \"shy away from investing in these regions that show little promise of short-term profits.\"
Even if a rural area achieves the infrastructure for connectivity, high costs of internet-compatible computers remains a problem in rural areas. CNNIC touts that 26.6% of internet users have a monthly income of less than RMB 500, which is close to the average urban income of RMB 523. However, the average real income for the rural population is as low as RMB 187, deeming it impossibly expensive for the average rural person to access the internet.
The cost of internet usage in China is much higher than other nations. Many minimum wage workers in China cannot afford access to internet because the cost of having the internet is about 10 percent of their wage. The cost of internet usage in China as a percentage of income is 18 times the cost in South Korea and 51.5 times the cost in Japan. This data shows that because the cost of the internet is so high in China, many Chinese citizens cannot afford the internet. The digital divide in China is directly related to income.
For those who cannot afford computers, inadequate funding and geographical coverage for public libraries which could provide shared internet access is another factor. Those without computers are also facing a new limited access to Internet cafés. The Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Information Industry have both issued a notice forbidding the opening of any new internet bars for the year 2007.
Illiteracy is a major problem that contributes to the digital divide between the rural and urban areas. It is \"not unusual to find districts and towns with 20% of the population not being able to read or write properly, and less than 5% of children attending school\". It is necessary that the government undertake efforts to improve education in the Western regions if it wants to build its information society and bridge the digital divide.
| 507 |
Digital divide in China
| 3 |
11,010,065 |
# Digital divide in China
## Factors contributing to the reduction in the divide {#factors_contributing_to_the_reduction_in_the_divide}
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in China is running a 2.5 million dollar project for taking internet access to rural areas of China. Also, the \'Go West\' project in the Tenth Five-Year Plan (2001--2005) calls for the improvement of infrastructure in Western regions. Although it mainly aims at improving transportation infrastructure, approximately one million kilometers of new fibre-optic were laid alongside the installation of satellite telecommunications facilities between the years 2001 and 2005.
## Telecommunications policies and reforms {#telecommunications_policies_and_reforms}
Under its unique macro-economic and political environment, the China has adopted a special telecommunications policy and strategy for telecommunications reform. As a fundamental and strategic industry, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (MPT) of China has monopolized telecommunication operations for more than four decades. Recognizing its incapability of monopolizing the huge market and of meeting increasing demand, China launched a telecommunications reform that has been aimed at full competition. As the result, the basic telecommunication market advanced from a monopoly to a duopoly, and it is now being extended to pluralistic competition. In 1994, China Unicom was formed and allowed to build and to operate nationwide cellular networks. To promote fair competition in the paging service, the paging sector of China Telecom was split in 1998 to form Guoxin Paging Ltd.
Aiming at a deep reform, a new round of reform was launched in 1998. The basic idea was to form a fair market by breaking up CT and at the same time to strengthen Unicom through market restructuring. China Telecom Hong Kong, China Mobile Group, Jitong, and China Net Communication were formed. Competition has taken place among state-owned institutions.
With the goal of completely separating government and enterprise functions, the Ministry of Information Industry was established in 1998. MII became a neutral regulator by taking over the regulatory functions of MPT, while ceding the functions of enterprise. MII was organized into departments responsible for policymaking, administration, market regulation, and internal affairs.
In parallel with reform and reorganization, the China also gave high priority to the legislature work and industrial supervision of telecommunications. In 2000, Regulations of Telecommunications of the People\'s Republic of China and the Administrative Methods of Internet Services were promulgated, a centralized telecommunication regulatory body was created, and the development of China\'s telecommunications and industrial administration were put on the track of the rule of law.
To further accelerate the ICT development, the national Ninth Five-Year Plan established an information and telecommunication industry as one of the crucial industry. With the reform as the driving force, China\'s telecommunications developed steadily and rapidly throughout the Ninth Five-Year Plan period. The Tenth Five-Year Plan period will continue to make it a basic national policy to further China through science and technology, to push industrialization by virtue of the IT development and to explore a path for IT development suited to the national conditions.
In addition, the China\'s accession to WTO is generally recognized as an external drive force to deepen and accelerate the telecommunication reform, because the domestic telecommunication market has gradually opened up to foreign investors and competitors.
| 525 |
Digital divide in China
| 4 |
11,010,065 |
# Digital divide in China
## DOT Force {#dot_force}
According to the Okinawa Charter on the Global Information Society, the Digital Opportunity Task Force (DOT Force) looked into activities aimed at eliminating this threat to global development. Although China did not take a part in the G8 conference, China formed its own DOT Force strategy. Generally speaking, the DOT Force was a comprehensive systems engineering project. All of the stakeholders including the Chinese government, state-owned enterprises, private companies, research institutes and universities have played a role in trying to bridge the national digital divide.
First it created a national strategy of informatization. China has formulated the policy of national informatization construction to promote upgrading and optimizing of Chinese industries while realizing industrialization and modernization. In the ninth and tenth five-plan, China gives priority attention to the important role of the information and communication industry. Meanwhile, a series of important informatization application projects represented by Golden Card, Golden Bridge and Golden Gate have been initiated one after another, which have strongly promoted the informatization construction. Social informatization was drawn up as the strategic initiative underlying the whole modernization drive to achieve leap-frogging social and economic development.
Second is the online and enterprise online program that was initiated in the mid-1990s to mobilize the governments at all level online to facilitate information access for all citizens. The aim of the program was that 30%, 60%, and 80% of all levels of government would be online by 1998, 1999, and 2000; 100 large conglomerates, 10,000 midsize firms, and 1,000,000 small firms to be wired within 2000. These e-government program not only allow people to promptly obtain information on government policies, regulations, law and enterprise services, but also is a crucial initiative drive to bridge the domestic digital divide between the information \"haves\" and \"have nots\" nationwide.
Third is a special expenditure for bridging the digital divide among regions. It was clear that bridging the digital divide was difficult without special expenditure from national budgets. China has not only invested heavily in the creation of the telecommunication infrastructure, but also the universal telecommunication access in rural and remote areas. To bridge the widening Internet-connection gap between rural and urban areas, China has recently launched the \"Every Village has a Phone\" and \"Gold Farm Engineering\" project, which promoted telephone access and Internet application in rural areas. 5,000 networked telephones have been installed in rural areas, and more than 200 agricultural websites have been created. In particular, great efforts have been made to accelerate the construction and improvement of the IT infrastructure to satisfy the socio-economic needs of western regions of the country. China has drawn up a series of favorite policies to encourage the domestic and foreign investors participate in the investment and building of the information industry in the western regions. Moreover, especial efforts have been made by the government to cultivate a number of promising IT industries in the western regions.
Fourth is the action to narrow down the digital divide that caused by the difference in education and gender. China supported colleges and universities to educate people how to use ICTs and how to benefit from the ICT application. After networked universities and important institutes, China initiated long distance education facilities in less developing region, in particular, the rural and west regions. For instance, under support from Australia and the World Bank, Ningxia launched a distance learning center (DLC) recently, which will help promote development and poverty reduction in this western province of China by introducing the use of information and communication technology to promote distance learning as well as information and knowledge dissemination. Using state-of-the art distance learning technology, the DLC allows participants from across China, and other East Asian countries, and even other continents, to share information and learn together without leaving their hometowns.
Fifth is the state allowed the private sectors to provide information services. This policy significantly helped the spread of Website development and Internet cafés throughout the country. As a result, the severe competition from the private sectors undermined the monopoly of state-owned Internet service providers and brought the cost of Internet access down to an affordable level for a large proportion of the population and a rapid increase in the number of Internet users
| 708 |
Digital divide in China
| 5 |
11,010,101 |
# R761 road (Ireland)
The **R761 road** is a regional road in County Wicklow (except for the northernmost 200m) in Ireland. From its junction with the M11 and R119 in Bray it takes a southerly route to its junction with the R750 in the village of Rathnew, on the outskirts of Wicklow, where it terminates.
The road is 25 km long. En route it passes through Bray, Greystones, Kilcoole and Newcastle
| 71 |
R761 road (Ireland)
| 0 |
11,010,177 |
# Elegant frog
The **elegant frog** or **beautiful nursery-frog** (***Cophixalus concinnus***) is a critically endangered species of amphibian. This particular frog species is found in Australia\'s montane rainforests, usually under logs and in leaf litter. Their geographic range within Australia is less than 100 km^2^.
## Characteristics
These frogs are grey on their backs with pale or orange patches. The belly is usually white, yellow or brown. Their size is usually around 25 mm. The texture of the entire frog is smooth. The fingers and toes are large pads but they are not webbed. Their call sounds like a number of clicks or a rattle that lasts for a few seconds.
## Ecology
This species is often located in Australian rainforests at high elevations. They are usually found on the forest floor in leaf litter. Their mating calls occur on tree trunks, logs and bushes. They are Terrestrial breeders. Their unpigmented eggs are laid underneath rocks or logs with moist soil. They are laid in a string. The average number of eggs deposited per year is 1--50 eggs per female.
## Conservation
This species is listed as critically endangered because its occurrence is less than 100 km^2^, and its area occupancy is less than 10 km^2^. The individuals are located in a single location, and there is also a prediction that a decline in the frog\'s mature species will occur because of Global warming. Other threats often occur in Australian National Parks that are, and the development of walking tracks and other facilities designed for tourists. In addition to its IUCN listing, it has been certified critically endangered under the EPBC Act since July 2019
| 275 |
Elegant frog
| 0 |
11,010,192 |
# Benzopyrone
**Benzopyrone** may refer to either of two ketone derivatives of benzopyran which constitute the core skeleton of many flavonoid compounds:
- Chromone (1-benzopyran-4-one)
- Coumarin (1-benzopyran-2-one)
Certain simple benzopyrones have clinical medical value as an edema modifiers. Coumarin and other **benzopyrone**s, such as 5,6 benzopyrone, 1,2 benzopyrone, diosmin and others are known to stimulate macrophages to degrade extracellular albumin, allowing faster resorption of edematous fluids.
Naturally occurring coumarin is also the basis for various 4-hydroxybenzopyrone-based molecules which occur naturally dicoumarol and are made synthetically warfarin and function as anticoagulants
| 91 |
Benzopyrone
| 0 |
11,010,254 |
# Buy Me
***Buy Me*** is a television program that has aired on HGTV in the U.S. since 2005, and on HGTV Canada since 2003, where it is that cable network\'s most popular show. It is also seen in Belgium and South Africa, either dubbed or with subtitles. It is produced by Whalley-Abbey Media Holdings (WHAM), which is owned by Debbie Travis and her husband, and produced *Debbie Travis\' Facelift*.
It shows the entire process of selling a home, from listing the property, to repairing any problems with it, to open houses, to the negotiations of the selling process. It covers all of the details of the process, including home inspections, and occasionally even mild arguments between the sellers and real estate agents. Occasionally, the home fails to sell within the six-month period allotted, but in most cases (whether it sells or not) a postscript of sorts is given by the narrator or in text, stating how things turned out.
The show is generally taped around WHAM\'s native Montreal, and receives a Quebec tax credit for film and video production. A few more recent episodes are clearly shot around Vancouver in coastal British Columbia, and some in Calgary, Alberta\'s largest city. New episodes are being taped in the U.S., in both Raleigh, North Carolina and Denver, Colorado. The show has been renewed for five more 13-episode seasons.
Apparently because the show is seen by both Canadian and American audiences, any obvious indications of the shooting location are eliminated, including the blurring of street signs, and the omission of any place names by the narrator. Prices discussed are not changed or converted however, particularly since the U.S. dollar and Canadian dollar are nearly equal in value (`{{As of|2007|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}).
A similar series, *Bought & Sold*, has started airing `{{As of|2007|05|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki} on HGTV in the U.S
| 303 |
Buy Me
| 0 |
11,010,260 |
# Marysole Wörner Baz
**Marysole Wörner Baz** (August 17, 1936 -- June 22, 2014) was a Mexican painter, engraver and sculptor.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Marysole Wörner Baz was born in Mexico City on August 17, 1936. As a child her parents gave her pens to sketch with, because a pencil can be erased and corrected. She had and did not want any formal training.
Wörner Baz initially launched her career in Paris and she received some attention. She was self-taught and she mixed with older foreign artists that kept her up to date with Mexican visual arts. It also gave her the chance to develop a style quite different from other contemporary artists.
Wörner Baz\'s contemporaries included the "*Generación de la Ruptura*" including Manuel Felguérez, Vicente Rojo Almazán, Lilia Carrillo and Alberto Gironella. However she was more akin to the European artists living in Mexico, like Leonora Carrington, Remedios Varo, Vlady, Mathias Goeritz, Francisco Moreno Capdevilla and Benito Messeguer.
Her success and her expanding knowledge of different media---from painting to drawing and sculpture was limited by her alcoholism. Rehabilitation in the early seventies gave her access to exhibitions in the (Palacio de Bellas Artes, Museo de Arte Moderno, Museo Universitario del Chopo and to international collectors.
From her first individual exhibition, in 1955, and throughout her more than five decades work, she explored diverse media, kinetic art and installation art.
Wörner Baz died on June 22, 2014, at the age of 77
| 244 |
Marysole Wörner Baz
| 0 |
11,010,280 |
# Jersey Shore Steel
**Jersey Shore Steel** Company is a family-owned company based in Jersey Shore, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania in the United States, principally manufacturing rail steel.
It was founded in 1938, near the end of the Great Depression by John A. Schultz. The mill was set up in the former New York Central locomotive shop in Avis, across Pine Creek from Jersey Shore. The company began manufacturing steel rails for the railroad industry. In its first year of business, Jersey Shore Steel was able to produce 15,000 tons of rail steel. When John A. Schultz died in 1943, the business was passed on to his sons Charles and John A. Jr. The brothers oversaw expansion and devastation. A massive fire nearly destroyed the steel mill in 1963, and the Agnes Flood of the West Branch Susquehanna River valley caused tremendous amounts of damage in 1972. The company which is owned by a third generation of the Schultz family operates two mills, the original mill in Avis and a second mill in Lycoming County at Montoursville. It is capable of producing 170,000 tons of rail steel annually. The rail steel produced by Jersey Shore Steel can be used as door supports, fence posts, sign stands, barricade legs, shelving supports, orchard posts, and vineyard stakes.
Many of the products produced by Jersey Shore Steel reach their destination via the Lycoming Valley Railroad, a short line that operates 38 miles of track in Lycoming and Clinton along track that was formerly owned by Conrail and the Reading and New York Central Railroads
| 260 |
Jersey Shore Steel
| 0 |
11,010,282 |
# Ruth Stafford Peale
**Ruth Stafford Peale** (`{{née}}`{=mediawiki} **Stafford**; September 10, 1906 -- February 6, 2008) was an American writer, editor, and speaker.
She was born in Fonda, Iowa, to Canadian parents Methodist clergyman Frank B. Stafford and Loretta A. Stafford. In 1913, the family moved to Detroit, where she attended high school and ultimately attended Wayne State University. Peale graduated from Syracuse University in 1928, where she studied math and philosophy. After this, she taught high school mathematics.
Although she originally vowed never to marry a minister after growing up as the daughter of a minister, eventually she married Norman Vincent Peale on June 20, 1930. Norman would later write *The Power of Positive Thinking.* The two met in Syracuse.
Along with her husband, Peale co-founded the Guideposts publishing organization in 1945. She has been recognized as the driving force behind the *Guideposts* inspirational magazine. Peale served as Guideposts\' Chairman of the Board from 1992 to 2003. The two also formed the Peale Center for Christian Living.
Peale was the first woman to be president of the National Board of North American Missions of the Reformed Church in America. She also founded the Knit for Kids program of the Peale Center, which distributes sweaters to children in need.
In 1971, she published the book *The Adventure of Being a Wife*, which offered advice for married women based on her and her husband\'s philosophy of positive thinking. This was later republished as *Secrets of Staying in Love* in 1984.
Peale died on February 6, 2008, in Pawling, New York, at age 101. At her death, Peale was chairman emeritus of Guideposts.
During her lifetime, Peale received multiple awards and honors, including the Horatio Alger Award for Distinguished Americans, American Association of University Women \"Woman of the Year\" in 2000, and four honorary doctoral degrees
| 304 |
Ruth Stafford Peale
| 0 |
11,010,296 |
# Karen Carpenter (album)
***Karen Carpenter*** is the only solo album by singer/drummer Karen Carpenter of the Carpenters, recorded between 1979 and 1980 and released by A&M Records in 1996.
## Background and recording {#background_and_recording}
The album came about when Richard Carpenter, Karen\'s older brother and musical partner, announced in 1979 that he wanted to take the year off while being treated for an addiction to Quaaludes putting Carpenters on a temporary hold. Karen on the other hand was eager to work and decided to pursue a solo record.
The album was recorded in New York with producer Phil Ramone in 1979 and 1980. Karen was backed by various New York and Los Angeles studio musicians, including John \"JR\" Robinson, Steve Gadd, Greg Phillinganes, Louis Johnson and members of Billy Joel\'s band.
Out of the twenty-one songs recorded, only eleven were chosen for the album. The songs on the album were mixed according to Karen Carpenter\'s instructions.
The production of the album cost \$400,000 of Carpenter\'s own money and \$100,000 fronted by A&M Records. The \$100,000 fronted by A&M was offset against Carpenters\' future album royalties.
## Cancellation
A&M executives in New York approved the material, but the executives in Los Angeles, including label owners Herb Alpert and Jerry Moss, responded negatively. Ramone recalls that Carpenter broke down in tears. Devastated, she accepted A&M\'s urging not to release the album. It was officially announced in May 1980.
Richard Carpenter later said that the decision not to release the album was Karen\'s, who respected the opinions of A&M executives and others---including him. Several musicians who worked on the album have said that Carpenter very much wanted her album to be released and that it was not her idea or decision to shelve it.
An episode of *E! True Hollywood Story* profiling Karen Carpenter claims that Herb Alpert called the album \"unreleaseable\". Quincy Jones championed releasing the album to Derek Green, an A&M Records vice-president, but Alpert, Moss and Green insisted the album had to be canceled.
On February 3, 1983, the day before Carpenter\'s death, she called Ramone to discuss the album; according to Ramone, Carpenter said, \"I hope you don\'t mind if I curse. I still love our *fucking* record!\"
| 370 |
Karen Carpenter (album)
| 0 |
11,010,296 |
# Karen Carpenter (album)
## Posthumous release {#posthumous_release}
The song \"Make Believe It\'s Your First Time\" was re-recorded by Carpenters during the sessions for *Made in America*, but it remained unreleased until the inclusion on *Voice of the Heart* in 1983.
Four songs from the album (\"Lovelines\", \"If I Had You\", \"If We Try\" and \"Remember When Lovin\' Took All Night\") were later rearranged by Richard Carpenter and included on the Carpenters\' 1989 album *Lovelines*. However, the \"If I Had You\" single released the same year was credited as Karen Carpenter\'s solo.
Two additional songs, \"My Body Keeps Changing My Mind\" and \"Still Crazy After All These Years\", were featured on Carpenters 1991 box set *From the Top*.
The album in its original intended form remained shelved until the release in 1996 --- thirteen years after Karen Carpenter\'s death. The reason behind the release was partly due to renewed interest in Carpenters music in the mid 90s and the success of the *If I Were a Carpenter* tribute album. The liner notes of Karen\'s album included comments from Richard Carpenter and producer Phil Ramone about the later decision to release it the way Karen approved it. The resulting release included additional twelfth bonus track, \"Last One Singin\' the Blues\".
While the album was being prepared for release, an individual at A&M copied Carpenter\'s unreleased and unfinished material on a cassette tape and distributed it via a fan club on Yahoo! through the mail. The songs were leaked onto the internet in 2000. Two of the unreleased songs, \"I Love Makin\' Love to You\" and \"Truly You\" were finished, while the remaining tracks were work leads only and in different stages of completion.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
- \"Lovelines\", \"If I Had You\", \"If We Try\", and \"Remember When Lovin\' Took All Night\" also appeared on the Carpenters album *Lovelines*.
## Unreleased tracks {#unreleased_tracks}
The following are a list of songs that Karen Carpenter recorded that never made it onto the album; however, they all circulate via bootlegging circles in various stages of completeness and in varying quality.
No. Title Writer(s) Length
----- --------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- --------
1\. \"Love Makin\' Love to You\" Evie Sands, Ben Weisman, Richard Germinaro 3:22
2\. \"Don\'t Try to Win Me Back Again\" Carlotta McKee, Gordon Gordy 4:38
3\. \"Something\'s Missing (In My Life)\" Jay Asher, Paul Jabara 4:43
4\. \"Keep My Lovelight Burnin\'\" Evie Sands, Ben Weisman 3:10
5\. \"Midnight (Never Lets You Down)\" Rod Temperton 4:13
6\. \"Jimmy Mack\" Eddie Holland, Lamont Dozier 3:30
7\. \"I Do It for Your Love\" Paul Simon 3:37
8\. \"Truly You\" Russell Javors 3:10
9\
| 436 |
Karen Carpenter (album)
| 1 |
11,010,339 |
# Mick Moody
**Mick Moody** (born 24 February 1960) was an Irish soccer player during the 1980s and 1990s.
## Career
Moody was a tough defender who began his career in 1979 at Shelbourne. After a couple of years at Tolka Park, he moved to Bray Wanderers who were then a Leinster Senior League side.
In 1984, he returned to the League of Ireland and joined Home Farm where he spent 2 seasons, alongside future teammates Dave Henderson and Pat Kelch. After a year in the First Division with Drogheda United, he moved to St Patricks Athletic and would have the most successful spell of his career.
Pat\'s finished as runners up in 1987/88, came in third spot the following season (Mick was voted the club\'s Player of the Year in both seasons) before clinching the Premier Division league title in 1989/90. Due to financial problems in Inchicore, that Pat\'s team would soon break up and in 1992, Moody signed for Shamrock Rovers. Despite Noel King being sacked in Mick\'s first season at Rovers, he would make 52 league appearances (2 goals) in his 2 years at the \"Hoops\".
Eamonn Gregg took him to Dalymount Park in the summer of 1993 and he would go on to make 68 league appearances, scoring 2 goals at Bohemians during his 3 years at the club. He returned to St Patrick\'s Athletic following his time at Bohs.
## Off the field {#off_the_field}
Moody was a member of the Garda Síochána and made the headlines in August 1989 when he arrested U2 member Adam Clayton
| 261 |
Mick Moody
| 0 |
11,010,365 |
# First Upper Peru campaign
The **First Upper Peru campaign** was a military campaign of the Argentine War of Independence, which took place in 1810. It was headed by Juan José Castelli, and attempted to expand the influence of the Buenos Aires May Revolution in Upper Peru (modern Bolivia). There were initial victories, such as in the Battle of Suipacha and the revolt of Cochabamba, but it was finally defeated during the Battle of Huaqui that returned Upper Peru to Royalist influence. Manuel Belgrano and José Rondeau would attempt other similarly ill-fated campaigns; the Royalists in the Upper Peru would be finally defeated by Sucre, whose military campaign came from the North supporting Simón Bolívar.
## Antecedents
The Spanish king Ferdinand VII was captured and imprisoned during the Peninsular War, and the Junta of Seville took over government, claiming to govern on the absent king\'s behalf. There was concern about this in many Spanish overseas colonies, who thought that in the absence of the king they had the same right for self-determination as Seville. This caused the Chuquisaca Revolution and the La Paz revolution, which tried to create their own government Juntas. However, both revolutions were short-lived, and swiftly defeated by the Spanish authorities. The May Revolution, in Buenos Aires, was more successful, and ousted the viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros. The Primera Junta, which replaced him, prepared a military expedition to Upper Peru to secure the control of the area, while another expedition headed to Paraguay.
Before proceeding to Upper Peru, this military campaign defeated a counter revolution in Córdoba, organized by the former viceroy Santiago de Liniers. Ortiz de Ocampo disobeyed orders to execute the prisoners, sending them to Buenos Aires instead. As a result, the Junta appointed Juan José Castelli as commander of the Army of the North instead of Ocampo, and executed the prisoners on their way to Buenos Aires.
| 314 |
First Upper Peru campaign
| 0 |
11,010,365 |
# First Upper Peru campaign
## Development
Castelli was not received well in Córdoba, where Liniers was popular, but he was in San Miguel de Tucumán. In Salta, despite the formal good reception, he had difficulty obtaining troops, mules, food, money or guns. He took the political leadership of the Expedition, displacing Hipólito Vieytes, and replaced Ocampo with Colonel Antonio González Balcarce. He was informed that Cochabamba revolted in support of the Junta, but was threatened by royalist forces from La Paz. Castelli intercepted as well a mail from Nieto to Gutiérrez de la Concha, governor of Córdoba, which was already executed for his support to Liniers. This mail mentioned a royalist army led by Goyeneche advancing over Jujuy. Balcarce, who had advanced to Potosi, was defeated by Nieto in the Battle of Cotagaita, so Castelli sent two hundred men and two cannons to strengthen his forces. With these reinforcements Balcarce achieved the victory at the Battle of Suipacha, which allowed patriots to control all of Upper Peru unopposed. One of the men sent was Martín Miguel de Güemes, who would eventually lead the *Guerra Gaucha* in Salta years later.
At Villa Imperial, one of the richest cities of Upper Peru, an open cabildo calls Goyeneche to withdraw from their territory, which he obeys as he did not have military strength to prevail. The Bishop of La Paz, Remigio La Santa y Ortega, flees with him. Castelli is received in Potosí, where he required an oath of allegiance to the Junta and the surrender of the royalist generals Francisco de Paula Sanz and José de Córdoba y Rojas. He arranged that the operation to capture Vicente Nieto was carried out exclusively by the surviving patricians at the mines of Potosi, who had been incorporated with honors to the Army of the North. Sanz, Nieto and Córdoba were executed at the Plaza of Potosí; but Nieto claimed to die happy because it was under the Spanish flag. Goyeneche and Ortega, on the other hand, were safe on royalist land. Bernardo Monteagudo, inmate at the Jail of the Court of Chuquisaca for his participation in the revolution of 1809, escaped to join the ranks of the army. Castelli, who already knew the background of Monteagudo, appointed him his secretary.
He set up his government in Chuquisaca, where he presided over the change of regime in the entire region. He planned the reorganization of the Mines of Potosi, and a reform at the University of Charcas. He proclaimed the end of native slavery in the Upper Peru, canceling the tutelage and giving them political rights as neighbors, equal to those of the criollos. He prohibited as well the establishment of new convents and parishes, to avoid the common practice that, under the guise of spreading the Christian doctrine, the natives were forced into servitude by religious orders. He authorized free trade and redistributed land expropriated from the former workers of the mills. The decree was published in Spanish, Guarani, Quechua and Aymara; he established several bilingual schools as well. The first anniversary of the May Revolution was celebrated in Tiahuanaco with Indian chiefs, where Castelli paid tribute to the ancient Incas, encouraging people to rise against the Spanish. However, despite the welcome received Castelli was aware that most of the aristocracy supported the auxiliary army out of fear instead of genuine support.
In November 1810 he sent a plan to the Junta: to cross the Desaguadero river, border between the two viceroyalties, and take control of the Peruvian cities Puno, Cuzco and Arequipa. Castelli argued that it was urgent to rise against Lima, because its economy depended largely on those districts and if they lose their power over the main royalist stronghold would be threatened. The plan was rejected as too risky, and Castelli was required to comply with the original orders. Castelli obeyed as ordered.
In December, fifty-three peninsulars were banished to Salta, and the decision was delivered for approval of the Junta. The vocal Domingo Matheu, who was associated with Tulla and Pedro Salvador Casas, arranged the annulment of the act, arguing that Castelli had acted influenced by slander and unfounded accusations. Support for Castelli began to decline, mainly due to the favourable treatment of natives and the determined opposition of the church, which attacked Castelli through his secretary Bernardo Monteagudo and his public atheism. Both royalists in Lima and Saavedra in Buenos Aires compared them both with Maximilien Robespierre, leader of the Reign of Terror of the French Revolution.
Castelli also abolished the mita in Upper Peru, a project that was shared by Mariano Moreno, but Moreno had been removed from the Junta by this point. Without Castelli being in Buenos Aires to mediate between them, the disputes between Moreno and Saavedra had worsened. The Junta requested Castelli to moderate his actions, but he went ahead with the positions he shared with Moreno. Several saavedrist officers, such as José María Echaurri, José León Domínguez, Matías Balbastro, chaplain Manuel Antonio Azcurra and the sergeant major Toribio de Luzuriaga, planned to kidnap Castelli, deliver him to Buenos Aires for trial, and give the command of the Army of the North to Juan Jose Viamonte. However, Viamonte did not accept the plan when he was informed by the conspirators, and did not attempt to carry it out. When he knew about the fate of Moreno, Castelli wrote a mail to Vieytes, Rodriguez Peña, Larrea and Azcuénaga, asking them to move to the Upper Peru. After the defeat of Goyeneche, they would march back to Buenos Aires. However, the mail was sent by the common postal service, and the postmaster of Córdoba, Jose de Paz, decided to send it instead to Cornelio Saavedra. Besides, the morenist members of the Junta had already been ousted and exiled by that point.
| 965 |
First Upper Peru campaign
| 1 |
11,010,365 |
# First Upper Peru campaign
## Defeat
The order of the Junta not to proceed to the Viceroyalty of Peru was a de facto truce that would last while not attacking Goyeneche. Castelli tried to turn the situation into a formal agreement, which would imply recognition of the Junta as a legitimate interlocutor. Goyeneche agreed to sign an armistice for 40 days until Lima was issued, and used that time to be strengthened. On 19 June, with the truce still in effect, an advanced royalist troop attacked positions at Juraicoragua. Castelli declared the truce broken and declared war on Peru.
The royalist army crossed the Desaguadero on June 20, 1811, starting the Battle of Huaqui. The Army waited near Huaqui, between the plains of Azapanal and Lake Titicaca. The patriotic left wing, commanded by Diaz Velez, faced the bulk of the royalist forces, while the center was hit by the soldiers of Pio Tristan. Many patriotic soldiers recruited at the Upper Peru surrendered or fled, and many of the recruits in La Paz switched sides during the battle. The Saavedrist Juan José Viamonte was instrumental in the defeat, by refusing to join the conflict.
Although the casualties of the Army of the North were not substantial, it was left demoralized and disbanded. The inhabitants of Upper Peru left them and welcomed the royalists back, so the army had to quickly leave those provinces. However, the resistance of Cochabamba prevented the royalists from proceeding to Buenos Aires. Castelli moved to the post of Quirbe, and received orders to return to Buenos Aires for trial. However, upon learning of such orders they had already been replaced by others: Castelli should be confined at Catamarca, while Saavedra himself took charge of the Army of the North. Saavedra was deposed as soon as he left Buenos Aires, and confined in San Juan. The First Triumvirate, who took government by then, required Castelli to return.
Once in Buenos Aires, Castelli was in a situation of political isolation. The triumvirate and the newspaper La Gazeta accused him of defeat in Huaqui and seek punishment as deterrent. His former supporters were divided between those who joined the ideas of the Triumvirate and those no longer able to do much. Castelli suffered from tongue cancer during the long trial, which made him progressively difficult to speak, and died in October 1812, with the trial still open
| 398 |
First Upper Peru campaign
| 2 |
11,010,401 |
# The El Dorados
**The El Dorados** were an American doo-wop group, who achieved their greatest success with the song \"At My Front Door\", a no. 1 hit on the US *Billboard* R&B chart in 1955.
## History
The group formed in Chicago, Illinois, United States, in 1952, originally as \"Pirkle Lee and the Five Stars\". It comprised Pirkle Lee Moses Jr. (lead vocals), Louis Bradley and Arthur Basset (tenors), Jewel Jones (second tenor/baritone), James Maddox and Richard Nickens (both baritone/bass). When Moses Jr. got out of the United States Air Force in 1954, they changed their name to The El Dorados.
Vivian Carter heard them and signed them to her Vee-Jay Records label, making their first recordings in mid 1954. After a string of unsuccessful singles, they recorded \"At My Front Door\" (also known as \"Crazy Little Mama\") in 1955, and it rose to No. 1 on the US *Billboard* R&B chart, and No. 17 on the US pop chart. Their follow-up, \"I'll Be Forever Loving You\", also made the R&B top ten in early 1956.
After Basset and Nickens left the group, they continued to record as a quartet. The original group split up in 1957. Moses stayed in Chicago and formed a new version of The El Dorados with John Brunson plus members of another group, The Kool Gents. Meanwhile, Bradley, Jones and Maddox moved to California, and renamed themselves The Tempos.
The label dropped The El Dorados in 1958, and Moses Jr. subsequently toured with a succession of backing vocalists. In 1969, he resuscitated the group name with new members, at the same time as a former member of The Tempos, Johnny Carter, also toured with another set of El Dorados. The two competing groups merged in the late 1970s, and subsequently continued to tour and record as The El Dorados until Moses\' death in 2000.
After Moses\'s death, Norman Palm, a long-time member since the late 1970s, took over and renamed the group Pirkle Lee Moses Jr\'s El Dorados, in tribute to his long-time colleague and friend.
Clarence Wright & Larry Johnson joined sometime In the 1980s
Rufus Hunter(Formerly Of The Magnificents) was a member In the 1990s.
Louis Bradley Died On April 15, 1991.
Richard Nickens Died On August 3, 1991, From cancer.
Larry \"Hi-C\" Johnson died In 1999.
As of 2008, Pirkle Lee Moses Jr\'s El Dorados actively tours the Midwest, and the East Coast from time to time.
In 2013 The Lineup was, Norman Palm, Norman Palm Jr, Saalik Ziyad, and Clarence \"Huffy\" Wright
| 422 |
The El Dorados
| 0 |
11,010,418 |
# Libertia paniculata
***Libertia paniculata*** is a plant in the family Iridaceae. It is endemic to Australia, where it occurs in Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria
| 27 |
Libertia paniculata
| 0 |
11,010,437 |
# Johnny McMahon
**John McMahon** was an Irish footballer during the 1920s and 1930s.
McMahon who was born in Derry is a Bohemians legend and was a goalscoring central defender in the All-Conquering Bohs team of 1927/28. He won a full international cap for Ireland in 1933 against Scotland.
## Before Bohemians {#before_bohemians}
Johnny first came to prominence as a youngster with St. Eugenes in his native Derry with whom he played for from 1916 until 1922. He was lost to football for a few years after he moved to Dublin in 1922 where he joined the Garda Síochána. During this time, he played Gaelic Football for Garda GAA and reached the Dublin County Championship Final in 1923 where they lost by a point to O\'Tooles.
## Bohemians
He joined Bohemians in November 1925 and began as a right back in the Bohs \"B\" team. Within a month he had been promoted to the first team, scoring on his debut in a 4-1 win over Pioneers at Dalymount Park.
Johnny became a regular in the central defence position over the next few seasons and appeared in 33 of their 36 games in the 1927/28 season where Bohs won the League, FAI Cup, League of Ireland Shield and Leinster Senior Cup. He scored an amazing 14 goals that season, 10 of them being penalties. He added another League winners medal in 1929/30 as Bohs great amateur team of that time showed their class. McMahon would also score in the winner in a 3-2 victory over Standard Liège that would win Bohemians the Aciéries d\'Angleur tournament. On 1 October 1933, he picked up a serious injury against a Peru/Chile XI and would never fully recover from it. This injury forced him to retire from football soon after. During his time at Bohemians, he scored a remarkable amount for a central defender - 34 league strikes.
After retirement, he spent several on the Bohemian F.C. Management Committee.
## Representative Honours {#representative_honours}
He first appeared for the League of Ireland XI against an Irish League XI in March 1928, scoring the second in a 3-1 win for the LOI. The following October, he captained them against the Welsh League XI and scored the first goal (a penalty) in a 4-3 win for his side.
From 1930 to 1933, McMahon was a regular in the Irish Amateur team, winning 7 caps. He also captained them to a 4-3 win over England Amateurs side at Solitude in February 1933.
His greatest honour came in September 1933 when he was selected for Ireland against Scotland in Glasgow in September 1933. Johnny unfortunately had to withdraw from the following squad due to an injury picked up when playing for Bohs against a Peru/Chile XI and would never receive another cap. He remains the last player to be capped by the (Northern) Irish Football Association while playing for Bohemians
| 480 |
Johnny McMahon
| 0 |
11,010,468 |
# Wow (Superbus album)
***Wow*** is the third studio album by the French power pop band Superbus. It was released on 16 October 2006 on Mercury Records. The album reached the sixth place on French album charts.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
All tracks by Jennifer Ayache
1. \"Le Rock à Billy\" (*Billy\'s Rock*) - 2:01
2. \"Ramdam\" - 3:16
3. \"Butterfly\" - 3:52
4. \"Over You\" - 2:43
5. \"Lola\" - 2:58
6. \"Tiens Le Fil\" (*Hold the Wire*) - 2:01
7. \"Un Peu De Douleur\" (*A Little Pain*) - 2:47
8. \"Let Me Hold You\" - 3:15
9. \"On Monday\" - 4:21
10. \"Travel the World\" - 3:47
11. \"Jenn Je T\'aime\" (*Jenn I Love You*) - 3:16
12. \"Ça Mousse\" (*It\'s Frothing*) - 3:11
13. \"Bad Boy Killer\" (bonus track) - 2:44
14. \"Breath \"(bonus track) - 3:45
15. \"Heart of glass\" (iTunes Bonus Track)
16. \"Travel the World\" (at Mme Krapabelle a frappe Bart Simpson concert) - 3:47
## Personnel
- Jennifer Ayache, `{{aka}}`{=mediawiki} Jenn. -- vocals
- Patrice Focone, a.k.a. Pat. -- guitar, backing vocals)
- Michel Giovannetti, a.k.a. Mitch. -- guitar)
- François Even, a.k.a. Küntz
| 191 |
Wow (Superbus album)
| 0 |
11,010,472 |
# Alexander Croke
**Sir Alexander Croke** (July 22, 1758 -- December 27, 1842) was a British judge, colonial administrator and author influential in Nova Scotia of the early nineteenth century.
## Life
Croke was born in Aylesbury, England, to a wealthy family and attended Oriel College, Oxford, where he earned the degree of Doctor of Civil Law. He was called to the bar in 1786. Practicing maritime law, he earned a strong enough reputation for his work that in 1801 he was offered his choice of appointments to the newly established vice-admiralty courts in Nova Scotia or the West Indies.
He married Alice Blake in 1796.
## Career
Croke\'s bench in Nova Scotia had considerable jurisdiction: it covered all maritime cases in a colony based largely on fishing and where smuggling was commonplace. Since the population and the Assembly was highly sympathetic to smuggling, the court, which denied jury trials to the accused was unpopular. During the War of 1812, the ever-conservative Croke even found guilty merchants who had been granted licences by colonial authorities to engage in the slave trade with New England, on the grounds that he could not support an illegal policy.
His appointment to the Nova Scotia Council in 1802 gave him seniority over the other councilors, contrary to the established order. As the senior councilor, Croke administered the colony while the lieutenant governor was away, from December 6, 1808, to April 15, 1809, and again from August 25 to October 16, 1811. His administration was marked with conflict with the Assembly, whose budget he vetoed.
Croke influenced the development of educational institutions in Nova Scotia. He was on the first board of King\'s College and was primarily responsible for drafting its statutes, which required students to subscribe to the Anglican faith (as only a quarter of Nova Scotians did). When a strong movement to establish inter-denominational education appeared a few years later, Croke was among its most vocal opponents.
Croke published works of satirical poetry (which exacerbated his unpopularity in certain circles), a book on the genealogy of his family, and many letters.
He left Nova Scotia in 1815 and was knighted on July 5, 1816. He died in 1842 at his family home Studley Priory, Oxfordshire
| 372 |
Alexander Croke
| 0 |
11,010,521 |
# Joseph Chayyim Caro
**Joseph Chayyim ben Isaac Selig Caro** (1800 -- April 21, 1895, Włocławek, Russian Empire, now Poland) was a notable rabbi. He was educated as an Orthodox Talmudist, and married the daughter of Rabbi Tzebi Hirsch Amsterdam of Konin, government of Kalisz in Russian Poland, whose pupil he became. He afterward established himself as a merchant in Gnesen (Gniezno), near Posen (Poznań), whence, at about the age of forty, he was called to the rabbinate of Pinne (Pniewy), in the province of Posen. Later he became rabbi of Fordon, in the same province, and twenty years after his first call he became rabbi of the progressive and Germanized community of Wloclawek, where he remained until his death. He was one of the first truly Orthodox rabbis in Russia to acquire a correct knowledge of German and to deliver sermons in that language.
Caro was famous not only for his extensive rabbinical knowledge, but also as a preacher. His works remained popular among old-style *maggidim* (preachers) and *darshanim* (exegetes). His first work, *Minchat Shabbat*, is a German translation (in Hebrew characters) of *Pirqe Abot*, with a short commentary in German and a longer one in Hebrew (Krotoschin, 1847). In the third edition of that work (Wilna, 1894) the German commentary is omitted, and that of Maimonides is substituted for it. Caro\'s *Teba we-Haken* -- containing rules of *shechita* (ritual slaughter) and *bedikah* (verification) in the form of a dialogue -- was published by his sons Isaac and Jacob (Leipzig, 1859; 2d ed., Wilna, 1894). His chief work, *Qol Omer Qera*, is a collection of sermons in four volumes (Warsaw, 1860--80; 2d ed., Wilna, 1895), arranged after the order of the Pentateuch in the weekly sections, which furnished the texts.
The last of his published works, *Yoreh u-Malqosh* (Wilna, 1894), is also a collection of sermons, mostly funeral orations, some of which were originally delivered in German. Here and there in his works are to be found poetical compositions and other traces of the influence of modern ideas not common among the rabbis of Russian Poland. His inclination toward the *Haskalah* and its Neo-Hebrew literature is shown by the article which he contributed, at a very advanced age, to the year-book *Ha-Asif* (iv. 132-137, Warsaw, 1887), entitled \"Birkat ha-Tzeduqim.\" Caro was also a pioneer Zionist and defended the colonization of Palestine against the opponents of that plan. Two of his letters on the subject are printed in *Shibat Tzion*. He attended to his rabbinical duties until past the age of ninety, and retired from active work only a few years before his death.
One of Caro\'s sons became a professor at the University of Breslau, and two others were the rabbis, respectively, of Lemberg (Lviv) and Thorn (Toruń)
| 459 |
Joseph Chayyim Caro
| 0 |
11,010,555 |
# St. Theresa's Catholic Church (Ottawa)
**St. Theresa\'s Catholic Church** is a Roman Catholic church on Cartier Street in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The church is located in the eastern section of downtown Ottawa, on Somerset Street between Elgin Street and the Rideau Canal.
## History
The parish was founded in 1929, split off from St. Patrick\'s parish, which had covered all of Centretown. The Romanesque Revival church building was completed in 1933 designed by noted Ottawa architects W.E. Noffke, Sylvester and Morin
| 82 |
St. Theresa's Catholic Church (Ottawa)
| 0 |
11,010,580 |
# 1990 Azerbaijani Supreme Soviet election
Supreme Soviet elections were held in the Azerbaijan SSR on 30 September and 14 October 1990. They were the first multi-party elections in the country
| 31 |
1990 Azerbaijani Supreme Soviet election
| 0 |
11,010,588 |
# Joseph-Gédéon-Horace Bergeron
**Joseph-Gédéon-Horace Bergeron** (October 13, 1854 -- January 22, 1917) was a Canadian politician.
Born in Rigaud, Canada East, the son of T. R. Bergeron and Leocadie Caroline Delphine Coursol, Bergeron was educated at the Jesuits\' College, Montreal and took a commercial course at the Montreal Business College, where he obtained a diploma. In March 1877, he received a B.C.L. from McGill University. He was called to the Quebec Bar in July 1877.
Bergeron was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the riding of Beauharnois in January 1879 after the death of the sitting member, Michael Cayley. A Conservative, he was acclaimed at the general elections held in 1882 and re-elected in 1887, 1891, and 1896. He was defeated in 1900 but was re-elected again in 1904 before losing in 1908. From 1891 to 1896, he was the Deputy Speaker and Chairman of Committees of the Whole of the House of Commons.
## Electoral record {#electoral_record}
\|- `{{Canadian party colour|CA|PC|row}}`{=mediawiki} \|Conservative \|Joseph-Gédéon-Horace Bergeron \|align=\"right\"\|776 `{{Canadian party colour|CA|Unknown|row}}`{=mediawiki} \|Unknown \|L. A. Seers \|align=\"right\"\| 763 `{{Canadian party colour|CA|Unknown|row}}`{=mediawiki} \|Unknown \|J. B. C. St
| 187 |
Joseph-Gédéon-Horace Bergeron
| 0 |
11,010,599 |
# Ddrum
**ddrum** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|iː|d|r|ʌ|m}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Respell|DEE|drum}}`{=mediawiki}) is an American-based Swedish company, currently a division of Armadillo Enterprises, Inc. that manufactures acoustic drum sets, electronic drum sets, and Electronic Triggers.
Ddrum was originally a brand of Clavia, makers of the Nord series of keyboards and synthesizers. In 2005, the company was sold to Armadillo Enterprises, which expanded the brand from only electronic drums into a wider range of products.
## Acoustic drums {#acoustic_drums}
Ddrum is a sister company to Dean Guitars and produces drums that fall into one of several series, grouped according to quality and materials used in construction. In addition, ddrum is one of several manufacturers that offers customers the ability to customize their own kit from a number of criteria including shell dimensions, finish, and hardware options in what they call the \"USA Custom Shop.\"
**USA Custom Shop** - a custom kit with many different options, including a few wood selections.
**USA Standard** - a less customizable USA drum set option, available in tour tough veneers, die cast hoops and bullet lugs.
**MAX** - ddrum\'s high-end import kit. Available in a maple/alder blended wood shell. Bass drums and snares feature 6 inner plies of alder and 2 outer plies of maple. Includes 2 core kit configurations, both featuring 8x12 and 14x16 toms and a choice of either an 18x22 or 14x24 bass drum. There is also a limited edition purple sparkle burst featuring in a 20x22 bass drum as well as 7x10, 8x12, 12x14, 14x16 toms.
**Reflex** - an industry first, drum shells made from alder, a tone wood long associated with prized vintage guitars and basses. Available in wrapped standard, and painted RSL and ELT series. Also includes the larger sized Powerhouse and Bombardier kits. Alder kits were originally released as a lower cost alternative to traditional maple drums, but were quickly adopted by many of ddrum\'s top performing artists.
**Hybrid** - electro/acoustic 6-piece kit. The drums can be used in fully acoustic, fully electric (with mesh heads), or blended Hybrid Drums configuration, allowing for the blending of the two sounds.
**Journeyman** - Basswood shells available in several configurations.
**D2** - entry-level series available in basswood shells.
**Electronics** - DDBETA lite entry-level E-kit, DDBETA, DDBETA XP, electronic drum kits. Acoustic Pro triggers, Chrome Elite Triggers, Red Shot Triggers.
## Snare drums {#snare_drums}
**Vintone Elemental** - metal snares in a variety of depth, available in steel, aluminum and nickel-over brass
**Vintone Arbor** - wood snares in a variety of depths and diameters, available in Maple, Cherry, Mahogany, Walnut, and Alder.
Ddrum also produces deccabons, which are similar in concept to octobans, except that there are ten drums in a full set (hence \"decca\") as opposed to eight (\"octo\"). All deccabons are six inches in diameter. They are available with shells made from either clear acrylic or black fiberglass. Drum depths range from 6 inches to 24 inches in 2-inch increments.
Supplies of Ddrum kits outside the USA, particularly to the UK, are sparse with long wait times.
## Notable endorsers {#notable_endorsers}
### Acoustic drums {#acoustic_drums_1}
- Vinnie Paul Abbott - Pantera, Hellyeah
- Kent Diimmel - In This Moment, 3 By Design
- Daniel Cardoso - Anathema, Sirius, Reset, Storm Legion
- Tim Yeung - Morbid Angel, Vital Remains, All That Remains, Divine Heresy
- Carmine Appice
- Vinny Appice - Kill Devil Hill
- Chad Smith - Mobile Deathcamp
- Simon Collins - Sound of Contact
- Luis \"chocs\" Campos - Collinz Room, Noelia
- James Kottak - Scorpions
- Rhim - The Birthday Massacre
- Richard Christy - Charred Walls of the Damned
- Robb Reiner - Anvil
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
- Warner Swopes - Brother O Brother
- JP Stone - Falling Knives, The Royal Space Chimps, Hellcat
### Electronic triggers/modules {#electronic_triggersmodules}
- Abe Laboriel Jr
| 631 |
Ddrum
| 0 |
11,010,604 |
# Kopli
**Kopli** (Estonian for *\"Paddock\"*) is a subdistrict of the district of Põhja-Tallinn (Northern Tallinn) in Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. It is located on the Kopli Peninsula and is bordered by parts of the Tallinn Bay, the Kopli Bay to the southwest and the Paljassaare Bay to the north. Kopli has a population of 7,240 (`{{as of|2015|01|01}}`{=mediawiki}). Kopli\'s former German name until 1918 was *Ziegelskoppel*.
Bekker Port, which was erected for the Bekker Shipbuilding Yard in 1912--1913, is located in the area. In 1912 a Russo-Baltic Shipbuilding Yard, which is now BLRT Grupp, was also set up in the area. There is also Port of Meeruse.
The subdistrict is served by the city\'s 1, 2 & 5 tram routes, as well as the 73 bus route.
Estonian Maritime Academy is located in Kopli.
## Cemetery
Kopli was the former location of the largest Lutheran Baltic German cemetery in Tallinn, known as Kopli cemetery (in Estonian: *Kopli kalmistu*; in *Friedhof von Ziegelskoppel*) which was founded around 1774. The cemetery was flattened and destroyed over a 170 years later around 1950--1951, during the second occupation of the Baltic states, by the Soviet authorities who used the area of Kopli as a base for the Soviet Armed Forces. The former cemetery is now a public park.
## Shipyards
The Russo-Baltic Shipyard (Estonian: Vene-Balti laevaehitustehas) was a shipyard located on the Kopli peninsula. The project covered a large territory and fully changed the region\'s appearance. It is one of the largest complexes in Estonia that was planned as a whole. The region was completed mainly between 1912 and 1915.
After the Russian-Japanese War the Russian Empire needed a new shipyard and everything that came with it: a harbour, a sea fortress, a ship factory. In 1911 it was decided that the new navy base would be in Tallinn and so three shipyards were built: Noblessner, Bekker and the Russo-Baltic shipyard. The shipyard, that opened on May 31, 1913, was at first called "Russian-Baltic Shipbuilding and Mechanics Ltd". The project was realized with technical and financial assistance of foreign capital from the French-Belgian company Schneider-Creusot. The project covered a large territory and fully changed the region\'s appearance.
Most of the buildings and constructions were designed according to the plans of the Russian architect Aleksandr Dmitriyev. Originally, the complex had everything a person could need, including homes, a hospital, a diner, a church, a school, a cinema, a bakery, a post office, even a tramm was put up to work. An orthodox church was built as well, since most of the workers were of Russian origin. It was planned so that a worker could go an entire life without leaving factory grounds. The region had its own power plant that was eight times more powerful than Tallinn\'s power plant.
The newly formed region could provide accommodation up to 1000 workers at the beginning, while just a few years later the numbers could vary between 7000 and 10000 workers in 1917. The living quarters were built hierarchically. The manual laborers lived on the northern side of the peninsula, later called the Kopli lines (Estonian: *Kopli liinid)*, having accommodation in barracks. The most commonly built barrack had two stories and a corridor-based interior with rooms or apartments on both sides. Each house had running water and electricity. All houses were wooden, some of them had a brick hallway, those were planned for families, but more skilled workers moved in them instead. Two long barracks were planned for young workers without families.
The Directors', Engineers' and Officers' quarters, later called the "Professors' Village" (Estonian: *Professorite küla*) was located on the southern side of the peninsula, on Süsta, Ketta and Kaluri streets. Those houses were different from the common workers' houses, being highly comfortable and fancier. Although each house has a unique look, all of them are wooden with a brick hallway, which is usually covered with wood. All of the buildings have a garden, the Director\'s and Deputy Director\'s houses (Kaluri 15 and 13) used to have park-like gardens reaching up to the sea.
Due to the start of World War I, shipbuilding decreased. In 1917, the factory was evacuated. After the war, the empty barracks were used as hospitals. Later, the newly independent Estonian government tried to reestablish the factory but without luck. The machinery was sold and former soldiers came to live here.
Kopli Kinnisvaravalitsus (English: Kopli Real Estate Administration), later renamed Kopli Kinnisvarad (English: Kopli Real Estate) was formed to manage and fix the housing. 1930s are considered Kopli\'s peak. The factory grounds were put in use again and the Tallinn University of Technology moved to the main building. That is when the name Professors village came into use, since many professors moved there.
After World War II, many of the buildings were in ruins. The new administration, formed by the Soviet occupation of Estonia, founded a new shipyard, where repair work was done, later called Balti Laevaremondi Tehas (English: Baltic Ship Repair Factory). New factory buildings were built. However, the university still remained in the main building. Around the same time, the streets were given names for the first time. However, the worker\'s part was numbered and called lines. In addition, the new factory\'s workers were no longer housed there, so after the 1960s, the region suffered a rapid downfall. The houses were poorly maintained and inhabited by drunkards, former convicts and others experiencing troubles. The Soviet government had plans of demolishing the worker\'s part since the 1970s. However, because of the uncertainty, there were problems with the ownership and it never came to it.
After Estonia regained its independence, the factory became one of the most important enterprises of the country and even now, approximatively 1000 people work in the production lines every day. The work space varies from the original buildings of the Tsarist period to the buildings from the Soviet time. The Estonian Maritime Academy moved into the main building of the factory at the beginning of the XXI-st Century, thus taking good care of the building. The fate of the former workers\' houses was more dramatic: in the early 2000s, the houses were inhabited by homeless people and often caught on fire. After a while, the State Administration decided to privatize the wooden houses in order to either restore or demolish them, and in the end decided to look for a foreign investor to rehabilitate the constructions, in order to improve the region\'s reputation. For years, the region waited for a developer, up until the year 2015, when *Fund Ehitus* started developing a new settlement in the Kopli lines. Today, many of the historical houses have been reconstructed and new houses, designed by Kino Maastikuarhitektid, Apex and Peeter Pere Architects have been built, but many are still waiting to be built.
## Gallery
<File:Kopli> Eesti Mereakadeemia.jpg\|Estonian Maritime Academy (formerly the main building of Tallinn University of Technology, 1932--1964). <File:Tallinn>, Kopli algkool, 1940, 1949 (1).jpg\|Tallinn Art Gymnasium. <File:Tallinn>, Kopli lastepäevakodu, 1928 (2).jpg\|Children\'s kindergarten and nursery. <File:Tallinn>, Bekkeri laevatehase haldushoone, 1912-1914 (1).jpg\|Bekker shipyard main building. <File:Kopli> trammidepoo.jpg\|A tram depot in the end of Kopli. <File:EU-EE-Tallinn-PT-Kopli-Bekkeri> sadam.JPG\|Bekker Port in Kopli seen from the Stroomi Beach in Pelguranna. <File:EU-EE-Tallinn-PT-Kopli-Kopliranna> buildings.JPG\|Old wooden houses <File:EU-EE-Tallinn-PT-Kopli-Kopliranna> 24.JPG\|Renovated Soviet era 5-storey apartment building (*khrushchyovka*) <File:EU-EE-Tallinn-PT-Kopli-Sirbi.JPG%7CStreetview> in winter <File:Paljassaare> laht.jpg\|Paljassaare Bay <File:Kopli> liinid
| 1,215 |
Kopli
| 0 |
11,010,618 |
# Wild bean
**Wild bean** is a common name for several plants and may refer to:
- *Phaseolus*, a genus in the family Fabaceae
- *Strophostyles helvula*, a species of bean in the family Fabaceae
- *Strophostyles umbellata*, a species of bean in the family Fabaceae
| 46 |
Wild bean
| 0 |
11,010,622 |
# Belontia
***Belontia***, sometimes referred to as **combtail gouramis**, is a genus of gouramis, the only genus within the subfamily **Belontiinae**, native to freshwater habitats in Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka. These are medium sized to large gouramis that are seldom kept in aquariums due to their aggression and relative lack of the color common to other gouramis.
## Species
There are currently two recognized species in this genus:
- *Belontia hasselti* (G
| 73 |
Belontia
| 0 |
11,010,641 |
# WAGN (AM)
**WAGN** (1340 AM) is a radio station licensed to Menominee, Michigan broadcasting an oldies and talk format.
Formerly an affiliate of ABC Radio\'s OldiesRadio network, the web site *dx-midAMerica* reported in January 2008 that the station had dropped Oldies Radio in favor of local voicetracking with the new moniker \"1340 Gold\" [(1)](https://www.angelfire.com/wi/dxmidamerica/FormatFlips.html). Prior to affiliating with Oldies Radio, WAGN had programmed Adult Standards as an affiliate of the Westwood One/Dial Global America\'s Best Music network.
In late December 2008, WAGN began to simulcast its oldies format on its FM sister WHYB 103.7 FM (formerly an adult contemporary-formatted station). WAGN will launch a News/Talk format featuring hosts such as Dave Ramsey, Rush Limbaugh, and Laura Ingraham on January 5, 2009, while the Oldies format will move permanently to 103.7 FM. [(1)](http://www.northpine
| 133 |
WAGN (AM)
| 0 |
11,010,642 |
# Frans August Larson
**Frans August Larson** (April 2, 1870 -- December 19, 1957) was a Swedish missionary to Mongolia. He was the author of *Larson, Duke of Mongolia* which described time spent in Central Asia.
## Background
Larson was born to a poor family as child number eleven. His parents were crofters (tenant farmers) on an estate known as Hällby, Tillberga parish, in the Swedish province of Västmanland. Larson\'s father died when Larson was three and his mother died when he was nine. He then became a servant boy for another one of the estate\'s crofters. At first he worked in the gardens, and with the cattle in the barn. Later, he became a stable boy, and he developed a passionate interest in horses which was to shape his life.
At seventeen, Larson wanted to go to Brazil, but was prevented from this by his sister Edla, who told him that he must wait until he had turned 21 and was of age to pursue such adventures. Instead, he was allowed to work at a blacksmith\'s shop. In 1889 he took the boat from Västerås to Stockholm to visit Edla. She was married to a general contractor, who felt that his young brother-in-law ought to become an architect. Larson began work as a carpenter on his brother-in-law\'s building projects in order to qualify for architecture studies in Stockholm.
During this period, Larson became interested in missionary work through the influence of his sister. He enrolled in the mission school in Eskilstuna, and rather than begin his studies at architecture school, he accepted employment with an American missionary society which worked in China and Mongolia. In this pursuit, he was driven more by a thirst for adventure and his love of horses than by his religious zeal. Together with other missionaries-to-be, he was sent to England for six weeks of training before his departure for China and Mongolia.
| 318 |
Frans August Larson
| 0 |
11,010,642 |
# Frans August Larson
## Mongolia
Frans August Larson was the first Christian & Missionary Alliance missionary to Mongolia. The year was 1893, and Larson was now 23 years old. From the harbor city of Tianjin, he traveled to Beijing and on to Baotou, a distance of over 700 mi. Larson covered most of this distance on foot, since he was too tall to ride a donkey, and he was too much of an animal lover to accept a ride in a wagon drawn by draft animals that were relentlessly whipped by the driver.
Larson was gifted both in social matters and at languages. He came into contact with the prince of the province of Ordos, who provided him with a teacher of the Mongolian language. When he had learned enough to get by on his own, he made his way northward to Urga (modern day Ulaanbaatar) in order to refine his new language skills.
The trip took just over a month. He stayed in Urga one year, and then traveled southward again. He settled in Kalgan (Zhangjiakou) on the border between China and Mongolia, just south of the steppes and the northernmost arm of the Great Wall of China. There, he fell in love with an American woman missionary. She was a year older than he, her name was Mary Rogers, and she came from Albany in the state of New York. They married in 1897.
Kalgan lies about 140 mi northwest of Beijing, and was an important junction for caravan traffic westward to Xinjiang and northward to Mongolia and Russia. People who had business in those regions passed through Kalgan, and many visited the Larson family. One such person was Sven Hedin the world-famous Swedish explorer. This was the beginning of a lifelong friendship. Another guest in the Larson household was future American President Herbert Hoover, an engineer surveying a railroad route between Beijing and the Mongolian border.
| 320 |
Frans August Larson
| 1 |
11,010,642 |
# Frans August Larson
## Boxer Rebellion {#boxer_rebellion}
The Boxer Rebellion, which broke out in China in the year 1900, was a hunt for foreigners- foreign influences in general, and missionaries and Christian converts in specific. About 220 missionaries, including 45 Swedes, and untold thousands of Christian Chinese were slaughtered by the Boxers. With a loaded rifle always at the ready, Larson managed to save himself, his wife and two small daughters, and about 20 Swedish and American missionaries, and got the party to Siberia. Larson had about twenty camels, fifteen horses and several draft oxen at pasture north of Kalgan. The animals belonged to the British consul in Beijing, C.W. Campbell. They were to have been used on an expedition Larson had agreed to lead. The Boxer Rebellion put a stop to this expedition. Campbell was confined to the British legation in Beijing, and Larson was able to use the animals to escape.
Larson was forced to leave most of his belongings in Kalgan. The Boxers destroyed everything, including the research for a Swedish-English-Mongolian dictionary that he and his wife had worked on together for several years. To get back on his feet financially Larson began working as an interpreter and foreman at a newly opened gold mine near the city of Kyakhta on the border of Mongolia and Siberia. After four months, he had earned enough for the family to take the Trans-Siberian Railway to Finland and to then travel via Sweden and by boat to the USA and his wife\'s hometown of Albany, New York.
Less than a year later, he was back in Siberia. A rich American had lent him 200 dollars for the trip, and he had twelve cents left when he walked into the gold mine offices in Kyakhta. There, he became a guide and interpreter for two Swedish railway engineers (Major Wilhelm Olivecrona and Engineer Carl Lagerholm), who had just built a railway in Norrland in northern Sweden, and were surveying a railway from Siberia via Urga to Beijing.
However, the project was abandoned, and Larson was unemployed. He then turned to a British missionary society, offering to become their representative in Mongolia. His task was to distribute Mongolian-language Bibles to the Mongols. The year was 1902. The family took up residence in Kalgan again, and Larson\'s wife resumed her missionary work while Larson crossed Mongolia with a caravan consisting of five horses, four Mongolian assistants and ten camels loaded with Bibles which were distributed to Buddhist nomads.
Larson continued with this work for twelve years. He became very familiar with Mongolia and her many peoples. He became the friend of princes, nobility and Buddhist lamas, including Bogdo Gegen, The Living Buddha of Urga. Within Tibetan Buddhism, Bogdo Gegen ranked as the third potentate after the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama, and from 1911 until his death, he was also the Emperor of Mongolia. Larson\'s services to him included helping the Emperor obtain a Model T Ford. He was appointed Duke of Mongolia in 1920.
Larson was now 43 years old. He had spent 20 years in Mongolia and was well on the way to becoming a legend. War had broken out between Mongolia and China as a result of the fall of the royal dynasty in 1911 and Mongolia\'s declaration of independence. The Chinese, who had started the conflict, were faring poorly, and wanted to end the war. China\'s president, Yuan Shikai, turned to Larson, who succeeded in forging peace. As a result, he was appointed the \[Chinese\] president\'s advisor on Mongolian issues. When he ended his work after two years, he was rewarded for his efforts with a citation of honor and 36,000 Chinese dollars (equivalent to three years\' wages).
Content to leave the big city behind, Larson returned to \"Tabo-ol,\" his ranch on the steppes north of Kalgan, where he had established a profitable horse breeding business, providing horses for the race tracks at Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin. Larson now left both missionary work and politics behind, and turned to business. In 1917, he became part owner in the Danish-American commerce house, Andersson & Mayer. Five years later, he started his own commerce business, F.A. Larson and Company, with offices in Kalgan and Urga. Using Dodge trucks from America, he could ship freight between the two cities in four days. In the days of camel caravans, it had taken more than a month to cover the same route.
| 739 |
Frans August Larson
| 2 |
11,010,642 |
# Frans August Larson
## Expeditions
During his 46 years in Mongolia, Larson was hired several times as an expedition leader. The first planned expedition was for C.W. Campbell, the British consul in Shanghai. This expedition, was postponed due to the Boxer Rebellion, and was undertaken in 1902. In 1923, he was hired by Roy Chapman Andrews, the famous paleontologist who hunted for dinosaur remains in the Gobi desert. In thanks, Larson was made an honorary member of the board of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City.
Ever since their very first meeting, Larson and explorer Sven Hedin had spoken about a joint expedition. In 1927, it became a reality, it was the largest scientific expedition that had been organized in Mongolia. Larson was responsible for logistics, which included such tasks as obtaining 300 camels, 26 Mongolian tents, and a year\'s worth of supplies for 65 persons.
During a visit to Sweden in 1929, Larson met the great Swedish industrialist Ivar Kreuger, \"The Match King\", and suggested that he make investments in China. \"If you can get something big going, I\'m in,\" answered Krueger. Larson began planning a gigantic railway project which would connect Nanjing with Urumqi in Xinjiang, and with Novosibirsk in Russia. Krueger would provide the financing in exchange for monopolies on the safety match markets in north and central China. Larson had just gotten the Chinese government to agree to the idea when a newswire came from Paris: Ivar Krueger was dead!
Several years later, then-president of China, Chiang Kai-shek, had asked Larson to report on the situation in northern China. Larson tried to get the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs to send a group of Swedish military officers to train several thousand Mongols to watch the mountain passes in the borderlands between China and Mongolia. The area was rife with bandits, as well as Communist troops, to the detriment of his own business, among other things. However, this suggestion was refused by the Swedish consul in Shanghai. He did not even want to forward the plan to Stockholm, which Larson later deeply regretted. He felt that enacting this plan would have prevented the communist revolution in China.
| 365 |
Frans August Larson
| 3 |
11,010,642 |
# Frans August Larson
## Japanese invasion {#japanese_invasion}
When Larson was forced to flee from the Japanese advances in 1939, he lost huge portions of his ownings for the second time. He headed to California, where he was reunited with his wife and his now-grown children, and continued on to Sweden, where he had purchased a mink farm together with a relative. Then the Second World War broke out. It became impossible to get fuel and tires for the trucks that were to transport feed for the minks. The minks were sold at a loss. Larson got onto the first boat back to New York, and from there went to Alabama, where one of his brothers lived.
Larson was close to seventy years old. He had no hopes of any sort of pension. In order to provide for himself, he bought a farm for \$1500, on which he began to raise chickens. However, his wife longed for her relatives in California, so after three years, he moved his operations there. Chicken farming was profitable. At the height of his farming operation, he had more than 1,000 chickens, but tired of this after a few years, because he had no time left over for anything else. He again took up the trade he had learned as a teenager in Stockholm --- at 75 years of age, he began to build single-family homes. It proved to be more lucrative and less time-consuming than chicken farming.
At 80 years of age, Larson felt the urge to travel again. His wife had died, so he sold his house and went to Sweden, where he spent a year traveling. That same year, he published his book *Larson, Duke of Mongolia*, about his adventures in Central Asia.
Back in North America, he lived on Vancouver Island in Canada for eight months, helping a newly-immigrated Swedish couple get started. After this, he spent his summer months with them, and winter with his daughter in southern California. In 1957, Larson died at the age of 87. He was buried in a cemetery in Altadena, California
| 347 |
Frans August Larson
| 4 |
11,010,674 |
# Second Upper Peru campaign
The **Second Upper Peru campaign** was an unsuccessful invasion in 1812-1813 by the rebel United Provinces of the Río de la Plata led by Manuel Belgrano, of Upper Peru (today Bolivia), which was still under control of Spanish troops.
## The campaign {#the_campaign}
The First Upper Peru campaign (1810-1811) had ended in failure when the Northern Army under command of Juan José Castelli had suffered a crushing defeat in the Battle of Huaqui, and was forced out of Upper Peru and retreated back to Jujuy.\
The Junta in Buenos Aires decided in 1812 to carry out a second campaign to liberate Upper Peru. On 26 March 1812, Colonel Major Belgrano headed immediately towards Jujuy, where he found the Northern army in a sorry state. The revolutionary soldiers were demoralized, badly armed, isolated and facing an outbreak of malaria. His first task was to restore discipline and improve the material condition of the Northern Army.
Furthermore, a Loyalist army, led by General Pío Tristán, was advancing south with 3,000 troops into the northwest of Argentina, heading towards Jujuy. Belgrano realized that he did not have enough strength to defend the city, and on 23 August he ordered the evacuation of all the civilian population to the interior of Tucumán Province, and the destruction of anything that could be of value to the royalists in a scorched earth retreat that was later known as the Jujuy Exodus.
Manuel Belgrano stopped his retreat at San Miguel de Tucumán and prepared for battle against the weakened Royalist army. He led the Northern Army to victory in the Battle of Tucuman (24 September 1812) and forced the Loyalists to retreat. He won a second victory at Salta in the north of present-day Argentina on 20 February 1813 and captured the entire Loyalist army.
Belgrano and his Northern army now advanced into Upper Peru (present-day Bolivia), but were stopped by superior forces under command of Joaquín de la Pezuela, in the battles of Vilcapugio (1 october 1813) and Ayohuma (14 November 1813).
The defeated Northern army retreated back to Jujuy. In January 1814, Manuel Belgrano was replaced by Colonel José de San Martín, arrested and prosecuted, but finally his merits were recognized and he was acquitted. San Martín, for health reasons, resigned four months later, being replaced by Colonel José Rondeau
| 390 |
Second Upper Peru campaign
| 0 |
11,010,709 |
# Weather Girls
**Weather Girls** is a group of Japanese idols from Taiwan. Originally, the group is formed in 2010 and acted as weather forecasters on television and the internet for Taiwan and the United States. After attracting attention in Japan, seven of its members, one for each day of the week, are selected to debut as an idol group in Japan in 2012. They are the first Taiwanese girl group to come to Japan.
In Japan, the group is under Pony Canyon and is managed by Ritz Productions. Jeff Miyahara is the producer of the group. After its debut, the group had continuously performed in all regions of the country. Its members had also starred in dramas, hosted television shows, and sung television theme songs. The group had released six Japanese singles, one Japanese album, and other work.
In 2013, the group also debuted as a musical group in Taiwan. The group issued a Mandarin album in the following year. In its homeland, the group is under FEMC and is managed by L Motion Entertainment. Its producer is Bryan Chen (陳國華).
## History
### 2010--12: weathercasters
Desiring to produce a daily program featuring charming Taiwanese girls, Next TV Broadcasting Limited originated an idea of creating a daily weather forecast program to be distributed through television and the internet, with a group of cute young girls doing cosplay and dancing whilst reporting forecasts.
On 1 August 2010, Next TV formed a group of seven girls called \"Weather Girls\". The number of the members is later increased to fourteen and eventually thirty-four. The duties of the girls were to report weather forecasts or, in fact, to \"keep eyes glued on TV sets\", but not to serve as meteorologists. Each day of the week is hosted by a different girl who would introduce herself, dance in costume and deliver a short message to viewers in an adorable manner during the report.
The program theme is changed every month. For example, in the graduation theme, the weather reports were filmed at Shih Chien University and the girls dressed up in Japanese school uniforms and spoke in Japanese. The themes of Chinese New Year, company internship, environmentalism, flight attendants, ninja, and tokusatsu had also been used. Furthermore, the costumes, music, and visuals were changed in each theme.
As the forecasts were for Taiwan and the United States, the girls spoke in English, Mandarin and Japanese. Lester Shih (奚岳隆), creator of the program, said the Japanese versions were not originally intended for Japanese audience, but merely an expression of Japanese style of cuteness. On television, the forecasts were broadcast daily during the afternoon, evening, and late news.
Regarding the idea of producing the program, Shih said:
Sunday Girl NueNue, one of the members later selected to form an idol group in Japan, stated: \"We all learn about it a bit in school \[\...\], though I still don\'t know too much about weather forecasting.\" According to her, the idea of Next TV was to \"make weather fun\" since \"weather reports are usually dull because it\'s just someone telling you that it\'s going to be sunny or it\'s going to rain, etc.\"
The program became highly popular, especially in Japan where it was introduced by many Japanese programs in April 2012. The program was terminated and the group was dissolved after some of its members became an idol group in Japan.
| 564 |
Weather Girls
| 0 |
11,010,709 |
# Weather Girls
## History
### 2012: debut as idol group in Japan {#debut_as_idol_group_in_japan}
#### Debut in Japan {#debut_in_japan}
After having appeared on Japanese programs in April 2012, the group attracted much attention in Japan. Seven of its members, most skilled in singing and dancing, were then chosen to debut in Japan as an idol group which is also titled \"Weather Girls\". They are the first Taiwanese girl group to come to Japan.
On 8 August 2012, the news of Weather Girls debut was officially announced. In Japan, the group was under Pony Canyon and was represented by Ritz Productions. Jeff Miyahara was the producer of the group. At a press conference, a Pony Canyon representative said:
Friday Girl Mini stated: \"I have been fond of Japan since my childhood days and I have been wishing I could live there someday. I have also been longing to become a singer. Being able to fulfill these dreams of mine is such a wonderful feeling.\" Saturday Girl Yumi, leader of the group, added that she and her fellow members wished to appear on the annual music show *Kōhaku Uta Gassen* (紅白歌合戦) and to become weather forecasters in Japan as well.
On 10 August 2012, the group held its debut performance at the A-Nation festival.
For their Japanese career, the seven girls were required to take Japanese courses, in addition to dance lessons and performance rehearsals. Their language studies were broadcast on television once a week. Since 23 September 2012, they had also been fixed guests on the show *\@TV Akihabara* (@TV秋葉原) which aired every Sunday and aimed to educate viewers on different forms of Japanese culture.
#### First single, \"Koi no Tenki Yohō\" {#first_single_koi_no_tenki_yohō}
In September 2012, the first single of the group, \"Koi no Tenki Yohō\", was announced. On 30 September 2012, the music video of the title track was officially released. The music video published on YouTube had attracted more than one million views.
On 17 October 2012, the single was physically released in two editions, regular and limited. The CDs in both editions contain the title track, and a B-side, \"Loving Pass -- Koi no Password\", as well as the instrumental versions thereof. The limited edition was also accompanied by a special DVD containing the music video and a video of the girls introducing themselves.
| 386 |
Weather Girls
| 1 |
11,010,709 |
# Weather Girls
## History
### 2013: first Japanese album and debut in Taiwan {#first_japanese_album_and_debut_in_taiwan}
In 2013, Weather Girls saw additional developments in Japan. The group released three singles and one full-length album. The group also enjoyed opportunities to regularly appear on television, as it launched its first television show and first television drama. In addition, the girls decided to take a tough national examination to become licensed weather forecasters in Japan and took the whole year to prepare themselves for it. At the end of the year, the group also debuted in its homeland Taiwan and Wednesday Girl Dara had her own contract terminated, thereby leaving the group.
#### Second and third singles, \"Koi wa Tokimeki Chūihō\" and \"Koi no Love -- Sunshine\" {#second_and_third_singles_koi_wa_tokimeki_chūihō_and_koi_no_love_sunshine}
On 25 December 2012, the second single of the group, \"Koi wa Tokimeki Chūihō\", was announced. On 6 February 2013, it was physically released. On 31 January 2013, the music video of the title track was released.
On 5 June 2013, the group\'s third single, \"Koi no Love -- Sunshine\", was released . On 25 April 2013, the music video of the title track was released. The sailor swimsuits, the concept costumes for this single, were designed by Junko Isogai (磯谷淳子) from the fashion house Dexi.
#### Weathercaster licence exam {#weathercaster_licence_exam}
On 17 May 2013, it was revealed that the group would take Japan\'s *National Weather Forecasting Licence Examination* to become legitimate weather forecasters in the country, in addition to its idol career. The examination has been held biannually since 1994, reportedly with a five percent pass rate.
For the sake of the examination, the group took meteorological classes where a licensed weather forecaster gave lectures and fans were allowed to be present. These classes were called *Absolutely Pass!* (絶対合格！). On 25 January 2014, the group took the examination. On 9 May 2014, the last class took place at Pony Canyon Headquarters in Tokyo.
#### First Japanese album, *Weather Girls* {#first_japanese_album_weather_girls}
On 17 May 2013, the first album of the group, called *Weather Girls*, was announced. On 3 July 2013, it was physically issued. The eponymous album contains six new songs and four hit songs from the previous singles. The songs vary from dance-pop to ballad.
With the theme of clouds, the concept art of the album was described as follows: \"Weather Girls, wearing fluffy marshmallow clouds, come to Japan riding on \'bomb anticyclone\'\". The cloud outfits, the concept costumes for this album, were again designed by Junko Isogai from the fashion house Dexi.
From its debut to the end of July 2013, the group had made a total of one hundred and one public performances. On 11 August 2013, the group performed at the A-Nation festival once again.
#### Fourth single, \"Hey Boy -- Weishenme?\", as well as first TV show and drama {#fourth_single_hey_boy_weishenme_as_well_as_first_tv_show_and_drama}
On 19 August 2013, it was announced that the fourth single of the group, titled \"Hey Boy -- Weishenme?\", would be released in autumn 2013.The release date was later announced to be 20 November 2013.
The title track served as the ending theme of *Attack Shimasukedo Nani Ka?*, a new television show hosted by the group. On 19 October 2013, several networks began airing the show.
On 6 September 2013, *Secret Chores Group*, a thirty-one-episode series produced by Next TV started to be broadcast in Japan. Set in 2030, the sci-fi dramedy was about a group of six girls charged with secret investigative missions, played by the members of the group, save Thursday Girl Mia.
#### Debut in Taiwan and retirement of Wednesday Girl {#debut_in_taiwan_and_retirement_of_wednesday_girl}
On 1 October 2013, Wednesday Girl Dara vacated her membership. On 15 October 2013, the group\'s management agency, Ritz Productions, released a statement that her contract was terminated due to her repeated abandonment of work, despite its successive warnings and encouragement.
On 7 October 2013, it was announced that the group also debuted as a musical group in its homeland Taiwan. On the same day, the group made its presence in Taipei where it held a debut performance, a press conference, and a contract signing ceremony. In Taiwan, the group is under FEMC.
On 5 November 2013, the group issued its first Mandarin song called \"Wei Wo Jiayou\" which served as the official theme song for the Super Basketball League (SBL) tenth season. On the same occasion, it was announced that the group would be the official spokesperson of the SBL during its eleventh season. On 7 November 2013, the music video of \"Wei Wo Jiayou\" was released.
| 753 |
Weather Girls
| 2 |
11,010,709 |
# Weather Girls
## History
### 2014: first Mandarin album {#first_mandarin_album}
In 2014, the group obtained a new Wednesday Girl, Ria, before releasing two singles and appearing in a television drama in Japan. It also released its first Mandarin album in its homeland and continued to work in both countries. In addition, its members were appointed anti-piracy ambassadors by a Japanese copyright protection organisation. Late this year, Tuesday Girl Ice left the group.
#### New Wednesday Girl and fifth single, \"Tomorrow World\" {#new_wednesday_girl_and_fifth_single_tomorrow_world}
On 24 January 2014, a Taiwanese girl nicknamed Ria was selected to replace Dara as Wednesday Girl. At the same time, it was announced that the fifth single of the group, \"Tomorrow World\", would be released on 5 March 2014. Roles of Ria commenced from this single.
The title track, \"Tomorrow World\", is deemed a new aspect of the group, as it was the group\'s first medium tempo song. Besides, its lyrics are about graduation season after which a new world of graduates begins, and convey the significance of friendship, whilst most of the group\'s earlier released songs concern natural seasons and romantic love.
On 17 February 2014, the music video of \"Tomorrow World\" was premiered. It was shot on the rooftop of a five-hundred-metre-tall building in Taipei with certain landmark buildings in the background, including Taipei 101 and Taipei City Hall.
#### Anti-piracy ambassadors and video game characters {#anti_piracy_ambassadors_and_video_game_characters}
On 27 January 2014, the Content Overseas Distribution Association, a Japanese private organisation supported by the Japanese and Taiwanese governments and having the objective to promote copyright protection at regional level in Asia, appointed the members of the group as Japanese--Taiwanese Goodwill Ambassadors to promote anti-piracy campaigns in both countries. On 22 February 2014, the inauguration was held at the art museum Spot Hushan in Huashan 1914 Creative Park, Taipei, where the girls were given the titles \"Japanese--Taiwanese Copyright Protection Commanders\" (日台著作権保護隊長).
On 28 January 2014, International Games System released a dance video game, *We Dancing Online 3*, featuring the group members as new characters, as well as its hit song \"Koi no Tenki Yohō\". The game also includes the costumes and scenes appearing in the music videos of the group.
#### Further entertainment shows {#further_entertainment_shows}
On 4 April 2014, the group became regular cast on *Kosaka Daimaō No Idol Club*, a radio show hosted by comedian Daimaou Kosaka and broadcast every Friday by Nippon Broadcasting System.
On 7 April 2014, Nagoya Broadcasting Network started broadcasting *Tetsuko no Sodatekata*, a television drama in which the group appeared as a group of railway idols called \"Railway Girls\" (鉄道ガールズ). Directed by Tomoyuki Furumaya, the drama was adapted from the 2014 seinen manga of the same name written by Hiroshi Kawasumi.
On 25 April 2014, Gala Television began airing in Taiwan every Friday *We Are Coming*, a comedy show directed by George Chang (張兆志) and starring the group. Despite having gained very high ratings, it was announced on 4 July 2014 that the show would be terminated at the end of July 2014. The announcement came immediately after the concurrent resignation of some of the crew and cast members, including Producer Sun Lexin (孫樂欣) and Actor Tai Chih-yuan.
On 1 October 2014, the group launched a one-hour internet show called *Let\'s Go Live*. The show was live broadcast every Wednesday night on its official channel at Livehouse.in. During the show, viewers could participate in the chat room discussions on the channel and could phone in. The group later issued more internet shows on the same website: *Ustyle × Tianqi Nuhai Tebie Qihua* broadcast every Thursday night from 20 November 2014 and *Ptt Zhoubao × Tianqi Nuhai* broadcast every Monday night from 12 January 2015.
#### Sixth single, \"Like You -- Anyway\" {#sixth_single_like_you_anyway}
On 7 April 2014, the sixth single of the group, \"Like You -- Anyway\", was announced. On 4 June 2014, the single was physically released. The title track was used as the ending theme of the previously mentioned drama *Tetsuko no Sodatekata*. Premiered on 1 May 2014, the music video of \"Like You -- Anyway\" was shot at a Pony Canyon studio in Chigasaki, Kanagawa. The theme of the single is summer vacation. Instead of matching uniforms as in the preceding singles, the concept outfits for this single are casual summer dresses consisting of white tops and colourful shorts and skirts.
On 3 June 2014, the group celebrated its sixth single by holding an activity in which its members one by one published one hundred articles on their Ameba blog within one day. As they succeeded in their activity, these girls became the first Taiwanese artists carrying out such activity and the first Taiwanese people succeeding therein.
#### First Mandarin album, *Wei A*, and retirement of Tuesday Girl {#first_mandarin_album_wei_a_and_retirement_of_tuesday_girl}
On 10 February 2014, it was reported that the group was to release a Mandarin album in Taiwan.
On 4 July 2014, the group premiered a Mandarin song called \"Wo Shi Boss\" at Taoyuan International Baseball Stadium where Brother Elephants and Lamigo Monkeys launched their baseball match series called *Bao Wen Pa* (豹紋趴) and the group members served as the ceremonial first pitchers. The song is the theme song for CSTV\'s Boss Sports Channel (博斯運動頻道).
On 1 October 2014, Tuesday Girl Esse declared on her Facebook fanpage that she vacated her membership on 23 September 2014 for personal reasons.
On 25 October 2014, there was an announcement that *Wei A*, the first Mandarin album of the group, would be released in Taiwan on 1 November 2014. The album contains ten songs: two previously released songs and eight newly composed songs.The production of the album was the collaboration between many famous Taiwanese musicians, including Bryan Chen (陳國華), Cai Zhengxun (蔡政勳), Chase Chang (張傑), Jacky Chen (陳建瑋), Jiujiu (九九), Lu Weixiao (魯維孝), Tina Wang (王雅君), and Yu Xuan (于萱).
On 27 October 2014, several songs from the album were premiered on radio. On the release date, the group held an autograph session marking the launching of the album at Ximending, Taipei. Within a few days after its release, the album became the fourth-best-selling album in the country.It was ranked the third-best seller at the end of November 2014.
On 8 November 2014, the music video of the title song, \"Wei A\", was premiered. On 2 December 2014, the music video of another song from the album, \"Don\'t Cry\", was issued.
| 1,059 |
Weather Girls
| 3 |
11,010,709 |
# Weather Girls
## History
### 2015: Mini\'s injury {#minis_injury}
In 2015, the group continued to carry out activities in its homeland, Taiwan. On 24 January 2015, it performed at the annual grand event *Super Star* (超級巨星紅白藝能大賞), the Taiwanese version of *Kōhaku Uta Gassen*. The event took place at Taipei Arena and was broadcast on 18 February 2015, the eve of the Chinese New Year.
On 18 February 2015, *The Wonderful Wedding*, a Taiwanese film starring the group, was also released.
On 2 June 2015, Friday Girl Mini informed on her Facebook that she has an injury on her backbone. She then asked the Taiwanese company, FEMC, for a long break to receive proper physical therapy treatment. However, the date of Mini\'s return is still an unknown.
### 2016: new TV program and Daikin CF {#new_tv_program_and_daikin_cf}
On 7 January 2016, a new travel TV program called, *HI! LET\'S GO* (嗨!LET\'S GO), hosted by Weather Girls, is aired on Asia Travel(亞洲旅遊台). In March 2016, Weather Girls endorsed Daikin air conditioner. The company partnered up with the group by giving them a new identity called, \"DKR32\", as well as released a special MV to promote the new Daikin air conditioner.
### Mia departure and disbandment announcement {#mia_departure_and_disbandment_announcement}
In October 2016, Mia announced that she would leave Weather Girls. WGSx7 was released as the last public event in October, and Weather Girls will continue to participate with a new member. The newly joined Korean member Sindy officially unveiled at the public event on May 11, 2017. However, on November 1, 2017, Shiquan Entertainment cancelled the contract with Weather Girls for commercial reasons and disbanded the group.
## Controversy
Due to success of Weather Girls, the Mainland China Guangdong Television set up a group of weather reporting girls called \"Pinkopie\" (蘋果派 *Píngguǒ Pài*; \"Apple Pie\") to produce a like program in December 2011. In January 2012, Next TV responded to the Chinese group with a press release describing the program as \"plagiarism\" and condemning the Chinese authority for its lack of copyright protection laws.
| 340 |
Weather Girls
| 4 |
11,010,709 |
# Weather Girls
## Members
+--------------------+
| Members List |
+====================+
| Stage name |
+--------------------+
| Official\ |
| ROM |
+--------------------+
| |
+--------------------+
| Dara |
+--------------------+
| Hi Jon |
+--------------------+
| Ria |
+--------------------+
| Yumi\ |
| (Leader in Japan) |
+--------------------+
| Former Members |
+--------------------+
| Esse |
+--------------------+
| Mia |
+--------------------+
| Mini\ |
| (Leader in Taiwan) |
+--------------------+
| NueNue |
+--------------------+
| Sindy |
+--------------------+
### Timeline
ImageSize=width:600 height:300 PlotArea=width:405 height:200 left:80 bottom:65 Alignbars=justify DateFormat=dd/mm/yyyy Period=from:2010 till:2017 TimeAxis=orientation:horizontal format:yyyy
Colors=
`id:Pre-debut value:rgb(0,0,0.9) legend:Pre-debut`
Legend=orientation:horizontal position:bottom ScaleMajor=unit:year increment:1 start:2010 gridcolor:black
PlotData=
`color:red width:10 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from`\
`bar:Mini from:01/08/2010 till:01/06/2015`\
`bar:Mini from:01/08/2010 till:01/08/2012 Color:Pre-debut`\
`bar:Esse from:01/09/2010 till:23/09/2014`\
`bar:Esse from:01/09/2010 till:01/08/2012 Color:Pre-debut`\
`bar:Hijon from:01/09/2010 till:end`\
`bar:Hijon from:01/09/2010 till:01/08/2012 Color:Pre-debut`\
`bar:Mia from:01/07/2011 till:01/10/2016`\
`bar:Mia from:01/07/2011 till:01/08/2012 Color:Pre-debut`\
`bar:NueNue from:01/07/2011 till:end`\
`bar:NueNue from:01/07/2011 till:01/08/2012 Color:Pre-debut`\
`bar:Dara from:01/12/2011 till:16/10/2013`\
`bar:Dara from:01/12/2011 till:01/08/2012 Color:Pre-debut`\
`bar:Yumi from:01/03/2012 till:end`\
`bar:Yumi from:01/03/2012 till:01/08/2012 Color:Pre-debut`\
`bar:Ria from:01/01/2014 till:end`\
`bar:Sindy from:05/11/2017 till:end`
## Discography
### Japanese singles {#japanese_singles}
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+--------+
| Single \# | Single Information | Track Listing | Oricon |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+--------+
| **1st** | ***恋の天気予報***\ | | 29 |
| | (`{{color|grey|Weather Forecast of Love; Koi no Tenki Yohō}}`{=mediawiki}) | | |
| | | | |
| | - Released: 17 October 2012 | | |
| | - Editions: Regular, Limited | | |
| | - Formats: CD, CD+DVD | | |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+--------+
| **2nd** | ***恋はトキメキ注意報***\ | | 35 |
| | (`{{color|grey|Heartbeat Storm Warning is Love; Koi wa Tokimeki Chūihō}}`{=mediawiki}) | | |
| | | | |
| | - Released: 6 February 2013 | | |
| | - Editions:Regular, Limited | | |
| | - Formats: CD, CD+DVD | | |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+--------+
| **3rd** | ***恋のラブ♥サンシャイン***\ | | 27 |
| | (`{{color|grey|Love of Love♥Sunshine; Koi no Love♥Sunshine}}`{=mediawiki}) | | |
| | | | |
| | - Released: 5 June 2013 | | |
| | - Editions:Regular, Limited | | |
| | - Formats: CD, CD+DVD | | |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+--------+
| **4th** | ***HEY BOY～ウェイシェンモ?～***\ | | 54 |
| | (`{{color|grey|HEY BOY~For What Reason?~; HEY BOY~Weishenmo?~}}`{=mediawiki}) | | |
| | | | |
| | - Released: 20 November 2013 | | |
| | - Editions: Regular, Limited 1, Limited 2 | | |
| | - Formats: CD, CD+DVD, CD+DVD | | |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+--------+
| **5th** | ***Tomorrow World*** | | 44 |
| | | | |
| | - Released: 5 March 2014 | | |
| | - Editions: Regular, Limited 1, Limited 2 | | |
| | - Formats: CD, CD+DVD, CD+DVD | | |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+--------+
| **6th** | ***Like You ♡ Anyway*** | | 44 |
| | | | |
| | - Released: 4 June 2014 | | |
| | - Editions: Regular, Limited 1, Limited 2 | | |
| | - Formats: CD, CD+DVD, CD+DVD | | |
+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+--------+
### Japanese album {#japanese_album}
+----------+---------------------------+---------------+--------+
| Album \# | Album Information | Track Listing | Oricon |
+----------+---------------------------+---------------+--------+
| **1st** | ***WEATHER GIRLS*** | | 67 |
| | | | |
| | - Released: 3 July 2013 | | |
| | - Format: CD | | |
+----------+---------------------------+---------------+--------+
### Mandarin Album {#mandarin_album}
+----------+------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| Album \# | Album Information | Track Listing |
+----------+------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| **1st** | ***威啊***\ | |
| | (`{{color|grey|Power Ah; Wei A}}`{=mediawiki}) | |
| | | |
| | - Released: 1 November 2014 | |
| | - Format: CD | |
+----------+------------------------------------------------+---------------+
#### Other songs {#other_songs}
+----+----------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \# | Title | Release date | Notes |
+====+==========================================================+=================+===================================================================================================================================+
| 1 | \"Wei Wo Jiayou\"\ | 7 November 2013 | Theme song for the Super Basketball League tenth season; later included in the sixth Japanese single and the first Mandarin album |
| | `{{color|grey|為我加油 ''Wèi Wǒ Jiāyóu''}}`{=mediawiki}\ | | |
| | `{{color|grey|"Cheer for Me"}}`{=mediawiki} | | |
+----+----------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | \"Wo Shi Boss\"\ | 4 July 2014 | Theme song for CSTV\'s Boss Sports Channel (博斯運動頻道); later included in the first Mandarin album |
| | `{{color|grey|我是Boss ''Wǒ Shì Boss''}}`{=mediawiki}\ | | |
| | `{{color|grey|"I'm Boss"}}`{=mediawiki} | | |
+----+----------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | \"DKR32\" | 10 March 2016 | Daikin air conditioner commercial song |
+----+----------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | |
+----+----------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 734 |
Weather Girls
| 5 |
11,010,709 |
# Weather Girls
## Videography
### Video collections {#video_collections}
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Video \# | Video Information | Track Listing | Oricon |
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| **1st** | ***ウェザーガールズTV Vol.1***\ | {{hidden\|Track Listing\| | }}\"\ |
| | (`{{color|grey|Weather Girls TV Vol. 1}}`{=mediawiki}) | | ({{color\|grey\|Challenge to Skipping Rope |
| | | 1. \"*お天気スタジオ1*\"\ | |
| | - Released: 20 March 2013 | (`{{color|grey|Weather Studio 1; Otenki Sutajio 1}}`{=mediawiki}) | |
| | - Format: DVD | 2. \"*恋の天気予報* (Music Video Dance Shot Version)\"\ | |
| | | (`{{color|grey|Weather Forecast of Love; Koi no Tenki Yohō}}`{=mediawiki}) | |
| | | 3. \"*お天気スタジオ2*\"\ | |
| | | (`{{color|grey|Weather Studio 2}}`{=mediawiki}) | |
| | | 4. \"*恋の天気予報 (メイキング映像)*\"\ | |
| | | (`{{color|grey|Weather Forecast of Love – Behind the Scenes}}`{=mediawiki}) | |
| | | 5. \"*お天気スタジオ3*\"\ | |
| | | (`{{color|grey|Weather Studio 3}}`{=mediawiki}) | |
| | | 6. \"*日本語力で対決!*\"\ | |
| | | (`{{color|grey|Japanese Ability Test!; Nihongochikara de taiketsu!}}`{=mediawiki}) | |
| | | 7. \"*お天気スタジオ4*\"\ | |
| | | (`{{color|grey|Weather Studio 4}}`{=mediawiki}) | |
| | | 8. \"*恋はトキメキ注意報* (Music Video Dance Shot Version)\"\ | |
| | | (`{{color|grey|Heartbeat Storm Warning is Love; Koi wa Tokimeki Chūihō}}`{=mediawiki}) | |
| | | 9. \"*恋はトキメキ注意報 (メイキング映像)*\"\ | |
| | | (`{{color|grey|Heartbeat Storm Warning is Love – Behind the Scenes}}`{=mediawiki}) | |
| | | 10. \"*お天気スタジオ6*\"\ | |
| | | (`{{color|grey|Weather Studio 6}}`{=mediawiki}) | |
| | | 11. \"*ジェスチャーゲームで対決!*\"\ | |
| | | (`{{color|grey|Face-off with [[Charades]]!; Jesuchāgēmu de Taiketsu!}}`{=mediawiki}) | |
| | | 12. \"*ジェンガで対決!*\"\ | |
| | | (`{{color|grey|Face-off with [[Jenga]]!; Jenga de Taiketsu!}}`{=mediawiki}) | |
| | | 13. \"*罰ゲーム 巨大風船アタック!?*\"\ | |
| | | (`{{color|grey|[[Batsu game|Penalty Game]] with [[Fusen gum|Bubble]] Attack!?; Batsu Gēmu Kyodai Fūsen Atakku!?}}`{=mediawiki}) | |
| | | 14. \"*お天気スタジオ7*\"\ | |
| | | (`{{color|grey|Weather Studio 7}}`{=mediawiki}) | |
| | | 15. \"*密着ウェザーガールズ vol.2*\"\ | |
| | | (`{{color|grey|Follow Up Weather Girls, vol. 2; Mitchaku Uezā Gāruzu vol. 2}}`{=mediawiki}) | |
| | | 16. \"*お天気スタジオ8*\"\ | |
| | | (`{{color|grey|Weather Studio 8}}`{=mediawiki}) | |
| | | | |
| | | \# \"{{lang\|ja\| 大縄跳びに挑戦 | |
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| **2nd** | ***CLIPS ♡*** | | 57 |
| | | | |
| | - Released: 3 September 2014 | | |
| | - Formats: Blu-ray | | |
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
### Video games {#video_games}
- 2014: *We Dancing Online 3* (唯舞獨尊3 *Wéi Wǔ Dú Zūn 3*)
### Music videos {#music_videos}
+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| Year | Title | Director(s) |
+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| 2012 | \"*恋の天気予報*\"\ | Lester Shih |
| | (`{{color|grey|Weather Forecast of Love; Koi no Tenki Yohō}}`{=mediawiki}) | |
+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| 2013 | \"*恋はトキメキ注意報*\"\ | Lester Shih |
| | (`{{color|grey|Heartbeat Storm Warning is Love; Koi wa Tokimeki Chūihō}}`{=mediawiki}) | |
+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| | \"*恋のラブ♥サンシャイン*\"\ | Lester Shih |
| | (`{{color|grey|Love of Love♥Sunshine; Koi no Love♥Sunshine}}`{=mediawiki}) | |
+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| | \"*HEY BOY～ウェイシェンモ?～*\"\ | Hideyuki Kato |
| | (`{{color|grey|HEY BOY~For What Reason?~; HEY BOY~Weishenmo?~}}`{=mediawiki}) | |
+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| | \"為我加油\"\ | Lester Shih |
| | (`{{color|grey|Cheer for Me; Wèi Wǒ Jiāyóu}}`{=mediawiki}) | |
+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| 2014 | \"Tomorrow World\" | Sū Wén Shèng |
+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| | \"Like You ♡ Anyway\" | Hideyuki Kato |
+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| | \"我是 Boss\"\ | Lài Wěi Kāng |
| | (`{{color|grey|I'm Boss; Wǒ Shì Boss}}`{=mediawiki}) | |
+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| | \"威啊\"\ | Lester Shih |
| | (`{{color|grey|Power Ah; Wei A}}`{=mediawiki}) | |
+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| | \"Don\'t Cry\" | Yīn Zhèn Háo |
+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| 2016 | \"DKR32\" | Shū Yí Huá,\ |
| | | Yáo Guó Fēng |
+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| | | |
+------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
### Music video appearances {#music_video_appearances}
+------+-------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+--------+--------------+
| Year | Title | Artist(s) | Member | Director |
+------+-------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+--------+--------------+
| | \"恨幸福來過\"\ | Li Dong Xue | Yumi | Vincent Fang |
| | (Hèn Xìng Fú Lái Guò) | | | |
+------+-------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+--------+--------------+
| 2015 | \"Happy, Come Cha-Cha\"\ | Jacky Chen, Ric, Daniel Luo, Kuo Chin-fa | Mia | Lester Shih |
| | (歡喜來恰恰; *Hoa Hee Lai Cha Cha*) | | | |
+------+-------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+--------+--------------+
| | | | | |
+------+-------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+--------+--------------+
| 707 |
Weather Girls
| 6 |
11,010,709 |
# Weather Girls
## Filmography
### Films
+------+---------+-------------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
| Year | Country | Title | Member(s) | Role |
+------+---------+-------------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
| 2015 | Taiwan | 大囍臨門\ | Hi Jon | Gao Helen |
| | | *The Wonderful Wedding* | | |
+------+---------+-------------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
| | | | Esse | Li Shu Fen\'s co-worker |
+------+---------+-------------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
| | | | Ria | |
+------+---------+-------------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
| | | | Mia | |
+------+---------+-------------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
| | | | Mini | |
+------+---------+-------------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
| | | | Yumi | |
+------+---------+-------------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
| | | | NueNue | |
+------+---------+-------------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
| 2016 | China | 暴力甜心\ | NueNue | Qianxi |
| | | *Trans-sweety* | | |
+------+---------+-------------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
| | Taiwan | 惡魔軟妹幫 | | Xiǎoyīng |
+------+---------+-------------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
### Short films {#short_films}
+------+---------+------------------------+-----------+-------------------+
| Year | Country | Title | Member(s) | Role |
+------+---------+------------------------+-----------+-------------------+
| 2014 | Taiwan | | Mini | Florist |
+------+---------+------------------------+-----------+-------------------+
| | | | Yumi | Guest |
+------+---------+------------------------+-----------+-------------------+
| 2015 | | 遇上200%的你\ | Mini | Macy |
| | | *Meeting the 200% You* | | |
+------+---------+------------------------+-----------+-------------------+
| | | | NueNue | Ah Ching (*阿晴*) |
+------+---------+------------------------+-----------+-------------------+
### Television dramas {#television_dramas}
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------+----------------------+-----------+------------------------------+
| Title | Country | Network | Date | Member(s) | Role |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------+----------------------+-----------+------------------------------+
| \ | Japan | C-POP TV | 6 September 2013 --\ | Hi Jon | Ota\ |
| *Secret Chores Group*\ | | | 4 April 2014 | | (*オタ*) |
| (`{{color|grey|{{lang|ja|ザツムトッキングミ}}}}`{=mediawiki}) | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------+----------------------+-----------+------------------------------+
| | | | | Esse | Kitty\ |
| | | | | | (*キティ*) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------+----------------------+-----------+------------------------------+
| | | | | Dara | Yè Kěxīn\ |
| | | | | | (*葉可欣*, *イエ・カーシン*) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------+----------------------+-----------+------------------------------+
| | | | | Mia | Jennifer\ |
| | | | | | (*珍妮花*) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------+----------------------+-----------+------------------------------+
| | | | | Mini | Fix |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------+----------------------+-----------+------------------------------+
| | | | | Yumi | Méiguī\ |
| | | | | | (*玫瑰*, *メイグイ*) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------+----------------------+-----------+------------------------------+
| | | | | NueNue | Lín Bǎolì\ |
| | | | | | (*林寶莉*, *リン・バオリー*) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------+----------------------+-----------+------------------------------+
| \ | | Nagoya TV | 7 April 2014 --\ | All | \ |
| *Tetsuko no Sodatekata*\ | | | 23 June 2014 | | (Railroad Girls) |
| (`{{color|grey|How to Train a Lady of Steel}}`{=mediawiki}) | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------+----------------------+-----------+------------------------------+
| \ | | TV Tokyo | 23 October 2015 | \|Ria | Guest |
| *Kodoku no Gourmet* | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------+----------------------+-----------+------------------------------+
| | Taiwan | GoldSunTV | 13 May 2016 | NueNue | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------+----------------------+-----------+------------------------------+
| 我家是戰國\ | | GTV | 24 March 2016 --\ | | Lu Qiaozhen\ |
| *War Family* | | | 18 May 2016 | | (*魯巧真*) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------+----------------------+-----------+------------------------------+
| | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------+----------------------+-----------+------------------------------+
### Internet dramas {#internet_dramas}
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-------------------+-----------+-----------------+
| Title | Country | Network | Date | Member(s) | Role |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-------------------+-----------+-----------------+
| 恐怖高校劇場: 天氣女孩畢旅夢靨!\ | Taiwan | Coture | 21 January 2015 | Yumi | Yumi |
| *Horror High School Theater: Weather Girls\' Nightmare Trip!* | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-------------------+-----------+-----------------+
| | | | | NueNue | (NueNue) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-------------------+-----------+-----------------+
| 愛呀，午休時刻-寂寞\ | | | 24 July 2015 --\ | | \ |
| *Love, Lunch Break-Loneliness* | | | 10 August 2015 | | (Alice) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-------------------+-----------+-----------------+
| 星座研究室: OL逆襲 辦公室的復仇\ | | | 1 September 2015 | Yumi | \ |
| *Horoscope Research Lab EP #23* | | | | | (Fan Fan) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-------------------+-----------+-----------------+
| 星座研究室: 求婚者的十二道陰影\ | | | 30 September 2015 | NueNue | Girlfriend |
| *Horoscope Research Lab EP #24* | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-------------------+-----------+-----------------+
| 星座研究室: 拒絕加班 OL的怒吼\ | | | 11 November 2015 | Yumi | Office lady |
| *Horoscope Research Lab EP #34* | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-------------------+-----------+-----------------+
| 星座研究室: 別讓服飾店員不開心！奧客排行榜！\ | | | 10 March 2016 | NueNue | \ |
| *Horoscope Research Lab EP #51* | | | | | (Rude customer) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-------------------+-----------+-----------------+
| *Before & After:* 一個人好 但不要單身到老\ | | | 8 June 2016 | | Friend |
| *Before & After #2* | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-------------------+-----------+-----------------+
| *Before & After:* 職場裝閨蜜 老闆前捅你\ | | | 15 June 2016 | | \ |
| *Before & After #3* | | | | | (Jun Jun) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-------------------+-----------+-----------------+
| *Before & After:* 裝作不會喝 是怕嚇到你\ | | | 22 June 2016 | | Girl |
| *Before & After #4* | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-------------------+-----------+-----------------+
| *Before & After:* 在男人面前 永遠都是小鳥胃\ | | | 29 June 2016 | | Girlfriend |
| *Before & After #5* | | | | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+-------------------+-----------+-----------------+
| *Before & After:* 激情一夜 帥哥竟是小\..
| 805 |
Weather Girls
| 7 |
11,010,734 |
# 1989 Federation Cup (tennis)
The **1989 Federation Cup** was the 27th edition of the most important competition between national teams in women\'s tennis. The tournament was held at Ariake Tennis Forest Park in Tokyo, Japan, from 1--9 October. The United States won the tournament without losing a rubber, defeating Spain in the final (in what was only Spain\'s first semifinal and second quarterfinal appearance), giving the USA their 13th title.
## Qualifying round {#qualifying_round}
All ties were played at Ariake Tennis Forest Park in Tokyo, Japan, on hard courts.
Winning Team Score Losing Team
------------------------------------ ------- -------------
3--0
**`{{fed|YUG}}`{=mediawiki}** 3--0
**`{{fed|THA}}`{=mediawiki}** 2--1
**`{{fed|CHN}}`{=mediawiki}** 2--1
**`{{fed|MEX}}`{=mediawiki}** 2--1
**`{{fed|PHI|1986}}`{=mediawiki}** 2--1
**`{{fed|INA}}`{=mediawiki}** 3--0
**`{{fed|POL}}`{=mediawiki}** 3--0
Winning nations advance to Main Draw, losing nations play in Consolation Qualifying round.
### South Korea vs. Israel {#south_korea_vs._israel}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Kim Il-soon \|7 \|6.035 \|6 \|T2P1=Ilana Berger \|6.045 \|7 \|3 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Kim Il-soon \|T1P2=Lee Jeong-myung \|6.035 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Rona Mayer \|T2P2=Limor Zaltz \|7 \|4 \|3 }} }}
### Yugoslavia vs. Jamaica {#yugoslavia_vs._jamaica}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Sabrina Goleš \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Joni Van Ryck De Groot \|0 \|2 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Sabrina Goleš \|T1P2=Mima Jaušovec \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Deanne Bell \|T2P2=Joni Van Ryck De Groot \|1 \|0 \| }} }}
### Thailand vs. Malta {#thailand_vs._malta}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Tossaporn Summa \|4 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Katherine Camilleri \|6 \|0 \|1 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Tossaporn Summa \|T1P2=Orawan Thampensri \|6 \|7 \| \|T2P1=Carol Cassar-Torreggiani \|T2P2=Alexia Gera \|3 \|6.005 \| }} }}
### China vs. Luxembourg {#china_vs._luxembourg}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Chen Li-Ling \|3 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Karin Kschwendt \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Li Fang \|T1P2=Tang Min \|6.065 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Marie-Christine Goy \|T2P2=Karin Kschwendt \|7 \|4 \|2 }} }}
### Mexico vs. Chinese Taipei {#mexico_vs._chinese_taipei}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Xóchitl Escobedo \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Wang Shi-ting \|3 \|4 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Aránzazu Gallardo \|T1P2=Maluca Llamas \|0 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Lai Su-lin \|T2P2=Wang Shi-ting \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
### Philippines vs. Ireland {#philippines_vs._ireland}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Sarah Castillejo \|4 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Lesley O\'Halloran \|6 \|2 \|2 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Dyan Castillejo \|T1P2=Dorothy Jane Suarez \|2 \|3 \| \|T2P1=Jennifer O\'Brien \|T2P2=Lesley O\'Halloran \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
### Indonesia vs. Malaysia {#indonesia_vs._malaysia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Suzanna Anggarkusuma \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Kerry Anne Lim \|0 \|0 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Lukky Tedjamukti \|T1P2=Waya Walalangi \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Kam Shu-shin \|T2P2=Kerry Anne Lim \|1 \|1 \| }} }}
### Poland vs. Singapore {#poland_vs._singapore}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Katarzyna Nowak \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Lena Zainal \|2 \|4 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Sylwia Czopek \|T1P2=Magdalena Feistel \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Nozelina Lukeman \|T2P2=Lena Zainal \|3 \|4 \| }} }}
| 425 |
1989 Federation Cup (tennis)
| 0 |
11,010,734 |
# 1989 Federation Cup (tennis)
## Main draw {#main_draw}
**Participating Teams**
-------------------------
1st Round losing teams play in Consolation Rounds
### First round {#first_round}
#### Czechoslovakia vs. Belgium {#czechoslovakia_vs._belgium}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Helena Suková \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Sabine Appelmans \|4 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Jana Pospíšilová \|T1P2=Regina Rajchrtová \|7 \|1 \|6 \|T2P1=Sabine Appelmans \|T2P2=Caroline van Renterghem \|6.075 \|6 \|3 }} }}
#### Thailand vs. Hungary {#thailand_vs._hungary}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Tossaporn Summa \|1 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Andrea Temesvári \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Tossaporn Summa \|T1P2=Orawan Thampensri \|3 \|4 \| \|T2P1=Réka Szikszay \|T2P2=Andrea Temesvári \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Sweden vs. Japan {#sweden_vs._japan}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Catarina Lindqvist \|2 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Akiko Kijimuta \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Catarina Lindqvist \|T1P2=Maria Strandlund \|5 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Kimiko Date \|T2P2=Etsuko Inoue \|7 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Finland vs. West Germany {#finland_vs._west_germany}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Anne Aallonen \|0 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Steffi Graf \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Anne Aallonen \|T1P2=Nanne Dahlman \|2 \|3 \| \|T2P1=Bettina Bunge \|T2P2=Isabel Cueto \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Austria vs. Mexico {#austria_vs._mexico}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Barbara Paulus \|6 \|4 \|3 \|T2P1=Xóchitl Escobedo \|3 \|6 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Barbara Paulus \|T1P2=Judith Wiesner \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Xóchitl Escobedo \|T2P2=Claudia Hernández \|3 \|4 \| }} }}
#### Indonesia vs. Great Britain {#indonesia_vs._great_britain}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Yayuk Basuki \|2 \|6.045 \| \|T2P1=Jo Durie \|6 \|7 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Suzanna Anggarkusuma \|T1P2=Yayuk Basuki \|5 \|3 \| \|T2P1=Jo Durie \|T2P2=Anne Hobbs \|7 \|6 \| }} }}
#### United States vs. Greece {#united_states_vs._greece}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Martina Navratilova \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Angeliki Kanellopoulou \|3 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Zina Garrison-Jackson \|T1P2=Pam Shriver \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Angeliki Kanellopoulou \|T2P2=Olga Tsarbopoulou \|1 \|3 \| }} }}
#### Poland vs. Denmark {#poland_vs._denmark}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Katarzyna Nowak \|0 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Tine Scheuer-Larsen \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Sylwia Czopek \|T1P2=Magdalena Feistel \|6.055 \|0 \| \|T2P1=Henriette Kjær Nielsen \|T2P2=Tine Scheuer-Larsen \|7 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Australia vs. China {#australia_vs._china}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Anne Minter \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Chen Li-Ling \|3 \|2 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Jenny Byrne \|T1P2=Janine Tremelling \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Li Fang \|T2P2=Li Yan-Ling \|2 \|1 \| }} }}
#### Italy vs. New Zealand {#italy_vs._new_zealand}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Raffaella Reggi \|4 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Belinda Cordwell \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Laura Garrone \|T1P2=Laura Golarsa \|6 \|7 \| \|T2P1=Julie Richardson \|T2P2=Ruth Seeman \|2 \|5 \| }} }}
#### South Korea vs. Bulgaria {#south_korea_vs._bulgaria}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Kim Il-soon \|1 \|0 \| \|T2P1=Manuela Maleeva \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Kim Il-soon \|T1P2=Lee Jeong-myung \|5 \|0 \| \|T2P1=Katerina Maleeva \|T2P2=Manuela Maleeva \|7 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Philippines vs. Argentina {#philippines_vs._argentina}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Sarah Castillejo \|2 \|3 \| \|T2P1=Mercedes Paz \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1= \| \| \| \|T2P1= \| \| \| np=}} }}
#### Spain vs. France {#spain_vs._france}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Arantxa Sánchez Vicario \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Nathalie Tauziat \|4 \|2 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1= \| \| \| \|T2P1= \| \| \| np=}} }}
#### Yugoslavia vs. Netherlands {#yugoslavia_vs._netherlands}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Sabrina Goleš \|6.045 \|0 \| \|T2P1=Brenda Schultz \|7 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1= \| \| \| \|T2P1= \| \| \| np=}} }}
#### Canada vs. Brazil {#canada_vs._brazil}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Helen Kelesi \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Gisele Miró \|4 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Jill Hetherington \|T1P2=Helen Kelesi \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Gisele Miró \|T2P2=Luciana Tella \|1 \|4 \| }} }}
#### Switzerland vs. Soviet Union {#switzerland_vs._soviet_union}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Céline Cohen \|4 \|3 \| \|T2P1=Natasha Zvereva \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1= \| \| \| \|T2P1= \| \| \| np=}} }}
### Second round {#second_round}
#### Czechoslovakia vs. Hungary {#czechoslovakia_vs._hungary}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Helena Suková \|7 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Andrea Temesvári \|6.045 \|0 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Jana Pospíšilová \|T1P2=Regina Rajchrtová \|4 \|4 \| \|T2P1=Andrea Noszály \|T2P2=Réka Szikszay \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Japan vs. West Germany {#japan_vs._west_germany}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Akiko Kijimuta \|4 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Steffi Graf \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Kimiko Date \|T1P2=Etsuko Inoue \|4 \|7 \|2 \|T2P1=Steffi Graf \|T2P2=Claudia Kohde-Kilsch \|6 \|5 \|6 }} }}
#### Austria vs. Great Britain {#austria_vs._great_britain}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Barbara Paulus \|2 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Jo Durie \|6 \|4 \|3 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Barbara Paulus \|T1P2=Petra Schwarz \|6 \|6.025 \|3 \|T2P1=Jo Durie \|T2P2=Anne Hobbs \|3 \|7 \|6 }} }}
#### United States vs. Denmark {#united_states_vs._denmark}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Martina Navratilova \|7 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Tine Scheuer-Larsen \|5 \|3 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Zina Garrison-Jackson \|T1P2=Martina Navratilova \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Henriette Kjær Nielsen \|T2P2=Tine Scheuer-Larsen \|3 \|1 \| }} }}
#### Australia vs. New Zealand {#australia_vs._new_zealand}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Anne Minter \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Belinda Cordwell \|2 \|4 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Jenny Byrne \|T1P2=Janine Tremelling \|6 \|7 \| \|T2P1=Belinda Cordwell \|T2P2=Julie Richardson \|3 \|5 \| }} }}
#### Bulgaria vs. Argentina {#bulgaria_vs._argentina}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Manuela Maleeva \|4 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Mercedes Paz \|6 \|1 \|3 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Katerina Maleeva \|T1P2=Manuela Maleeva \|6 \|3 \|6 \|T2P1=Florencia Labat \|T2P2=Mercedes Paz \|1 \|6 \|1 }} }}
#### Spain vs. Netherlands {#spain_vs._netherlands}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Arantxa Sánchez Vicario \|2 \|6 \|10 \|T2P1=Brenda Schultz \|6 \|4 \|8 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1= \| \| \| \|T2P1= \| \| \| np=}} }}
#### Canada vs. Soviet Union {#canada_vs._soviet_union}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Helen Kelesi \|6 \|7 \| \|T2P1=Leila Meskhi \|1 \|5 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Jill Hetherington \|T1P2=Helen Kelesi \|0 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Larisa Savchenko \|T2P2=Natasha Zvereva \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
### Quarterfinals
#### Czechoslovakia vs. West Germany {#czechoslovakia_vs._west_germany}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Helena Suková \|2 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Steffi Graf \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Jana Novotná \|T1P2=Helena Suková \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Steffi Graf \|T2P2=Claudia Kohde-Kilsch \|2 \|2 \| }} }}
#### Austria vs. United States {#austria_vs._united_states}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Barbara Paulus \|4 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Martina Navratilova \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Barbara Paulus \|T1P2=Judith Wiesner \|1 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Martina Navratilova \|T2P2=Pam Shriver \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Australia vs. Bulgaria {#australia_vs._bulgaria}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Anne Minter \|6 \|2 \|6 \|T2P1=Manuela Maleeva \|3 \|6 \|4 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Elizabeth Smylie \|T1P2=Janine Tremelling \|5 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Katerina Maleeva \|T2P2=Manuela Maleeva \|7 \|4 \|0 }} }}
#### Spain vs. Soviet Union {#spain_vs._soviet_union}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Arantxa Sánchez Vicario \|7 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Natasha Zvereva \|5 \|3 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Conchita Martínez \|T1P2=Arantxa Sánchez Vicario \|4 \|6 \|1 \|T2P1=Larisa Savchenko \|T2P2=Natasha Zvereva \|6 \|2 \|6 }} }}
| 1,029 |
1989 Federation Cup (tennis)
| 1 |
11,010,734 |
# 1989 Federation Cup (tennis)
## Main draw {#main_draw}
### Semifinals
#### Czechoslovakia vs. United States {#czechoslovakia_vs._united_states}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Helena Suková \|6 \|1 \|4 \|T2P1=Martina Navratilova \|4 \|6 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1= \| \| \| \|T2P1= \| \| \| np=}} }}
#### Australia vs. Spain {#australia_vs._spain}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Anne Minter \|1 \|6 \|2 \|T2P1=Arantxa Sánchez Vicario \|6 \|4 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1= \| \| \| \|T2P1= \| \| \| np=}} }}
### Final
#### United States vs. Spain {#united_states_vs._spain}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Martina Navratilova \|0 \|6 \|6 \|T2P1=Arantxa Sánchez Vicario \|6 \|3 \|4 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Zina Garrison-Jackson \|T1P2=Pam Shriver \|7 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Conchita Martínez \|T2P2=Arantxa Sánchez Vicario \|5 \|1 \| }} }} `{{winners-other|1989 Federation Cup Champions|United States|United States|Thirteenth}}`{=mediawiki}
| 120 |
1989 Federation Cup (tennis)
| 2 |
11,010,734 |
# 1989 Federation Cup (tennis)
## Consolation
### Qualifying round {#qualifying_round_1}
Winning Team Score Losing Team
------------------------------- ------- -------------
**`{{fed|ISR}}`{=mediawiki}** 3--0
**`{{fed|MLT}}`{=mediawiki}** 3--0
2--1
**`{{fed|IRL}}`{=mediawiki}** 3--0
Winning teams advance to Consolation Main Draw
#### Israel vs. Jamaica {#israel_vs._jamaica}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ilana Berger \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Joni Van Ryck De Groot \|1 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Rona Mayer \|T1P2=Limor Zaltz \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Deanne Bell \|T2P2=Joni Van Ryck De Groot \|2 \|3 \| }} }}
#### Malta vs. Malaysia {#malta_vs._malaysia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Carol Cassar-Torreggiani \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Kam Shu-shin \|1 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Katherine Camilleri \|T1P2=Carol Cassar-Torreggiani \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Kam Shu-shin \|T2P2=Kerry Anne Lim \|4 \|2 \| }} }}
#### Luxembourg vs. Chinese Taipei {#luxembourg_vs._chinese_taipei}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Karin Kschwendt \|6 \|2 \|6 \|T2P1=Wang Shi-ting \|1 \|6 \|2 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Marie-Christine Goy \|T1P2=Pascale Welter \|7 \|2 \|3 \|T2P1=Lai Su-lin \|T2P2=Wang Shi-ting \|6.025 \|6 \|6 }} }}
#### Ireland vs. Singapore {#ireland_vs._singapore}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Lesley O\'Halloran \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Nozelina Lukeman \|2 \|2 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Gina Niland \|T1P2=Lesley O\'Halloran \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Valerie Tan \|T2P2=Caroline Young \|1 \|1 \| }} }}
### Main draw {#main_draw_1}
### First round {#first_round_1}
#### Yugoslavia vs. Philippines {#yugoslavia_vs._philippines}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Sabrina Goleš \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Sarah Castillejo \|1 \|3 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Sabrina Goleš \|T1P2=Mima Jaušovec \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Dyan Castillejo \|T2P2=Dorothy Jane Suarez \|2 \|1 \| }} }}
#### Brazil vs. Poland {#brazil_vs._poland}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Gisele Miró \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Katarzyna Nowak \|2 \|2 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Gisele Miró \|T1P2=Luciana Tella \|5 \|4 \| \|T2P1=Magdalena Feistel \|T2P2=Katarzyna Nowak \|7 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Luxembourg vs. China {#luxembourg_vs._china}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Karin Kschwendt \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Chen Li-Ling \|3 \|1 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Marie-Christine Goy \|T1P2=Karin Kschwendt \|7 \|4 \|2 \|T2P1=Li Fang \|T2P2=Tang Min \|6.065 \|6 \|6 }} }}
#### Thailand vs. Finland {#thailand_vs._finland}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Tossaporn Summa \|0 \|6 \|3 \|T2P1=Petra Thorén \|6 \|3 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Tossaporn Summa \|T1P2=Orathai Thampensri \|3 \|4 \| \|T2P1=Anne Aallonen \|T2P2=Nanne Dahlman \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
### Second round {#second_round_1}
#### Israel vs. Yugoslavia {#israel_vs._yugoslavia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ilana Berger \|6 \|4 \|4 \|T2P1=Sabrina Goleš \|1 \|6 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Ilana Berger \|T1P2=Hagit Ohayon \|4 \|4 \| \|T2P1=Sabrina Goleš \|T2P2=Mima Jaušovec \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Switzerland vs. Belgium {#switzerland_vs._belgium}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Eva Krapl \|7 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Sabine Appelmans \|5 \|2 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Céline Cohen \|T1P2=Gabrielle Villiger \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Sabine Appelmans \|T2P2=Caroline van Renterghem \|1 \|1 \| }} }}
#### Indonesia vs. Brazil {#indonesia_vs._brazil}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Yayuk Basuki \|6 \|4 \|9 \|T2P1=Gisele Miró \|3 \|6 \|7 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Lukky Tedjamukti \|T1P2=Waya Walalangi \|7 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Patricia Medrado \|T2P2=Gisele Miró \|5 \|3 \| }} }}
#### Ireland vs. Sweden {#ireland_vs._sweden}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Lesley O\'Halloran \|2 \|3 \| \|T2P1=Maria Strandlund \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Gina Niland \|T1P2=Lesley O\'Halloran \|1 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Jonna Jonerup \|T2P2=Maria Strandlund \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### Finland vs. Malta {#finland_vs._malta}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Petra Thorén \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Carol Cassar-Torreggiani \|2 \|0 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Anne Aallonen \|T1P2=Nanne Dahlman \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Katherine Camilleri \|T2P2=Alexia Gera \|0 \|0 \| }} }}
#### Mexico vs. Italy {#mexico_vs._italy}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Xóchitl Escobedo \|5 \|3 \| \|T2P1=Laura Golarsa \|7 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Xóchitl Escobedo \|T1P2=Aránzazu Gallardo \|5 \|4 \| \|T2P1=Laura Garrone \|T2P2=Laura Golarsa \|7 \|6 \| }} }}
### Quarterfinals {#quarterfinals_1}
#### South Korea vs. Yugoslavia {#south_korea_vs._yugoslavia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Kim Il-soon \|2 \|3 \| \|T2P1=Sabrina Goleš \|6 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Im Sook-ja \|T1P2=Kim Il-soon \|3 \|6.065 \| \|T2P1=Sabrina Goleš \|T2P2=Mima Jaušovec \|6 \|7 \| }} }}
#### Switzerland vs. Indonesia {#switzerland_vs._indonesia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Céline Cohen \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Yayuk Basuki \|3 \|3 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Céline Cohen \|T1P2=Emanuela Zardo \|2 \|1 \| \|T2P1=Suzanna Anggarkusuma \|T2P2=Yayuk Basuki \|6 \|6 \| }} }}
#### China vs. Sweden {#china_vs._sweden}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Chen Li-Ling \|2 \|6 \|2 \|T2P1=Maria Strandlund \|6 \|3 \|6 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Li Fang \|T1P2=Tang Min \|2 \|6 \|4 \|T2P1=Cecilia Dahlman \|T2P2=Maria Strandlund \|6 \|3 \|6 }} }}
#### Finland vs. Italy {#finland_vs._italy}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Anne Aallonen \|7 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Sandra Cecchini \|6.045 \|2 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Anne Aallonen \|T1P2=Nanne Dahlman \|6 \|4 \|6 \|T2P1=Sandra Cecchini \|T2P2=Laura Garrone \|4 \|6 \|2 }} }}
### Semifinals {#semifinals_1}
#### Yugoslavia vs. Indonesia {#yugoslavia_vs._indonesia}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Sabrina Goleš \| \| \| \|T2P1=Yayuk Basuki \| \| \|wo=2 }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1= \| \| \| \|T2P1= \| \| \| }} }}
#### Sweden vs. Finland {#sweden_vs._finland}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Maria Strandlund \|5 \|2 \| \|T2P1=Anne Aallonen \|7 \|6 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1= \| \| \| \|T2P1= \| \| \|np= }} }}
| 770 |
1989 Federation Cup (tennis)
| 3 |
11,010,734 |
# 1989 Federation Cup (tennis)
## Consolation
### Final {#final_1}
#### Indonesia vs. Finland {#indonesia_vs._finland}
\|R2={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Yayuk Basuki \|6 \|6 \| \|T2P1=Anne Aallonen \|1 \|4 \| }} \|R3={{ TennisMatch3 \|T1P1=Suzanna Anggarkusuma \|T1P2=Yayuk Basuki \|6 \|6
| 36 |
1989 Federation Cup (tennis)
| 4 |
11,010,739 |
# Umetada
***Umetada*** is a Japanese style of decoration for metal work. It may have been used by silversmiths since the Muromachi period. But in the Momoyama period, a certain Umetada Myoju (1558--1631) emerged to become the founder of the manufacture of so-called \"new swords,\" or *shinto*, and to rank with Kaneie and Nobuie as a great designer and maker of sword guards. Although he is said to have done metal carving for sword mounts, not a single sword guard that can safely be said to have been carved by him remains. Most of the things that do remain are works in inlay, (zogan) in copper, brass, and *shakudo* using designs that recall the colorful pictures of the Ogata Kōrin school. Umetada Myoju established the style and the fame of the Umetada name, which flourished greatly after his time. But he was not the first to make sword guards in the Umetada style. Both nameless craftsmen and a certain Mitsutada are known to have done this kind of work before Myoju. It seems likely that was the case with Shoami guards - Umetada guards were first produced in the Muromachi period. Those before Myoju are based on Shoami ideas and are called Ko-Umetada, or old Umetada
| 206 |
Umetada
| 0 |
11,010,786 |
# Cabinet card
The **cabinet card** was a style of photograph that was widely used for photographic portraiture after 1870. It consisted of a thin photograph mounted on a card typically measuring 108 by 165 mm (`{{frac|4|1|4}}`{=mediawiki} by `{{frac|6|1|2}}`{=mediawiki} inches).
## History
The *carte de visite* was displaced by the larger cabinet card in the second half of the 1860s. Both were most often albumen prints, the primary difference being the cabinet card was larger and usually included extensive logos and information on the reverse side of the card to advertise the photographer\'s services. However, later into its popularity, other types of papers began to replace the albumen process. Despite the similarity, the cabinet card format was initially used for landscape views before it was adopted for portraiture.
Some cabinet card images from the 1890s have the appearance of a black-and-white photograph in contrast to the distinctive sepia toning notable in the albumen print process. These photographs have a neutral image tone and were most likely produced on a matte collodion, gelatin or gelatin bromide paper.
Sometimes images from this period can be identified by a greenish cast. Gelatin papers were introduced in the 1870s and started gaining acceptance in the 1880s and 1890s as the gelatin bromide papers became popular. Matte collodion was used in the same period. A true black-and-white image on a cabinet card is likely to have been produced in the 1890s or after 1900. The last cabinet cards were produced in the 1920s, even as late as 1924.
Owing to the larger image size, the cabinet card steadily increased in popularity during the second half of the 1860s and into the 1870s, replacing the *carte de visite* as the most popular form of portraiture. The cabinet card was large enough to be easily viewed from across the room when typically displayed on a cabinet, which is probably why they became known as such in the vernacular. However, when the renowned American Civil War photographer Mathew Brady first started offering them to his clientele towards the end of 1865, he used the trademark \"Imperial Carte-de-Visite\". Whatever the name, the popular print format joined the photograph album as a fixture in the late 19th-century Victorian parlor.
Early in its introduction, the cabinet card ushered in the temporary disuse of the photographic album which had come into existence commercially with the *carte de visite*. Photographers began employing artists to retouch photographs by altering the negative before making the print to hide facial defects revealed by the new format. Small stands and photograph frames for the tabletop replaced the heavy photograph album. Photo album manufacturers responded by producing albums with pages primarily for cabinet cards with a few pages in the back reserved for the old family *carte de visite* prints.
For nearly three decades after the 1860s, the commercial portraiture industry was dominated by the *carte de visite* and cabinet card formats. In the decade before 1900, the number and variety of card photograph styles expanded in response to declining sales. Manufacturers of standardized card stock and print materials hoped to stimulate sales and retain public interest in card photographs. However, the public increasingly demanded outdoor and candid photographs with enlarged prints which they could frame or smaller unmounted snapshots they could collect in scrapbooks.
### Photographers
Well-known cabinet card photographers include G.M. Gros & Bro. of Wisconsin and Warner Gothard (1865-1940) who photographed the British royal family when they were in Leeds in 1894. Gothard had studios in Leeds as well as Dewsbury, Halifax and Barnsley.
Owing in part to the immense popularity of the affordable Kodak Box Brownie camera, first introduced in 1900, the public increasingly began taking their own photographs, and thus the popularity of the cabinet card declined.
## Timeline
- **Introduced**: 1860. First used for horizontal views, then eventually adapted for portraits.
- **Peak popularity**: 1880s. Although not uncommon in the 1870s, the cabinet card became more widely used in the 1880s but never displaced the carte de visite.
- **Decline**: 1890s. As snapshot and personal photography became commonplace among the public, the popularity of the cabinet card and cabinet card specific albums waned. Unmounted paper prints and the scrapbook albums started replacing them. A variety of other large card styles of various names and dimensions came about for professional portraits in the 1880s and 1890s. After 1900, card photographs generally had a much larger area surrounding the print quite often with an embossed frame around the image on heavy, gray card stock.
- **Last used**: The cabinet card still had a place in public consumption and continued to be produced until the early 1900s and quite a bit longer in Europe. The last cabinet cards were produced in the 1930s.
| 788 |
Cabinet card
| 0 |
11,010,786 |
# Cabinet card
## Dating a cabinet card {#dating_a_cabinet_card}
When attempting to determine the date of creation for a cabinet card, clues can be gathered by the details on the card. The type of card stock or whether it had right-angled or rounded corners can often help to determine the date of the photograph to as close as five years. However, these dating methods are not always 100% accurate, since a Victorian photographer may have been using up old card stock, or the cabinet card may have been a re-print made many years after the photo was originally recorded.
**Card stock**
- 1866--1880: square, lightweight mount
- 1880--1890: square, heavy weight card stock
- 1890s: scalloped edges
**Card colours**
- 1866--1880: thin, light weight card stock in white, off white or light cream; white and light colours were used in later years, but generally on heavier card stock
- 1880--1890: different colours for face and back of mounts
- 1882--1888: matte-finish front, with a creamy-yellow, glossy back
**Borders**
- 1866--1880: red or gold rules, single and double lines
- 1884--1885: wide gold borders
- 1885--1892: gold beveled edges
- 1889--1896: rounded corner rule of single line
- 1890s on: Embossed borders and/or lettering
**Lettering** upright=1.4\|thumb\|A cabinet card from 1896
- 1866--1879 Photographer name and address often printed small and neatly just below the image, and/or studio name printed small on back.
- 1880s on: Large, ornate text for photographer name and address, especially in cursive style. Studio name often takes up the entire back of the card.
- Late 1880s--1890s Gold text on black card stock
- 1890s on: embossed studio name or other embossed designs
## Card sizes {#card_sizes}
- Carte de visite (2.5 by), the same size as calling cards
- Cabinet card: (4.5 by)
- Boudoir card: (5
| 301 |
Cabinet card
| 1 |
11,010,790 |
# The Bird of Red and Gold
***The Bird of Red and Gold*** is a solo jazz piano album by Barry Harris, recorded in 1979 and released in 1982.
Five of the twelve compositions were written by Harris. The original 12 tracks were reissued as a CD for a 1994 release, though the CD misprinted the recording as being from a session in 1989.
## Reception
Allmusic awarded the album 4½ stars with its review by Scott Yanow calling it, \"Superior bop-based music\".
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Nascimento\" (Barry Harris) -- 3:49
2. \"Body and Soul\" (Edward Heyma, Robert Sour, Frank Eyton, Johnny Green) -- 5:40
3. \"Sweet and Lovely\" (Gus Arnheim, Charles N. Daniels, Harry Tobias) - 4:37
4. \"Tommy\'s Ballad\" (Harris) - 6:10
5. \"Nobody\'s\" (Harris) - 3:52
6. \"Cats In My Belfry\" (Harris) - 4:35
7. \"This Is No Laughing Matter\" (Buddy Kaye, Al Frisch) - 5:57
8. \"Tea for Two\" (Irving Caesar, Vincent Youmans) - 5:15
9. \"My Ideal\" (Newell Chase, Richard Whiting, Leo Robin) - 4:12
10. \"Just One of Those Things\" (Cole Porter) - 3:04
11. \"Pannonica\" (Thelonious Monk) - 6:37
12. \"The Bird of Red and Gold\" (Harris) - 2:27
## Personnel
Recorded on September 18, 1979
| 205 |
The Bird of Red and Gold
| 0 |
11,010,819 |
# Lynn Schooler
**Lynn Schooler** is an American novelist, nonfiction author, photographer, an outdoorsman, and Alaskan wilderness guide living in Juneau, Alaska. He wrote *The Blue Bear*, *The Last Shot* and *Walking Home*.
## Biography
Schooler, originally from San Antonio, Texas, has lived in Alaska since 1969. He is a two-time winner of *Alaska* magazine\'s grand prize for wildlife photography and winner of the National Wildlife grand prize.
## Writing
His first book, *The Blue Bear: A True Story of Friendship, Tragedy, and Survival*, released in 2002 by The Ecco Press, is a memoir that tells the story of the author\'s friendship with the Japanese wildlife photographer Michio Hoshino, who is killed by a brown bear in the Kurilskoya brown-bear refuge on the Kamchatka Peninsula on August 8, 1996. In 2002, *The Telegraph* described *The Blue Bear* as \"a hybrid: part memoir, part natural history and part anecdote.\" In a review, *The New York Times* wrote, \"The quest to find a blue bear and photograph it emerges as the implicit bond between the author and Michio Hoshino. \... It leads Schooler sometimes through platitudinous country, where the sea-road is all too familiar. But it also takes him, and us, where we have never been before.\" In 2011, the book was adapted as a stage play by Perseverance Theater in Juneau, Alaska.
In 2010, Schooler released a second memoir, *Walking Home: A Traveler in the Alaskan Wilderness, a Journey into the Human Heart*. It is the story of his solo trek along one of North America\'s wildest coastlines. He shares tales of Alaska\'s history, with adventure stories from many nations and the region\'s indigenous Tlingit Indians. In August 2010, the memoir was broadcast as Book of the Week on BBC Radio 4. The programme was produced by Rosalynd Ward and the book was read by Colin Stinton.
He has also written fiction under the pen name Lynn D\'Urso. His first novel, *Heartbroke Bay* was a finalist for the Pacific Northwest Booksellers Award. *Heartbroke Bay* was also selected as a USA Today Best Book of 2011. *Publishers Weekly* summed up the book as a \"prospectors\' amazing tale of survival and proves to be an unsettling portrait of human greed, deceit, and betrayal, ably captured by D\'Urso\'s lean, direct prose.\"
## Awards
*The Blue Bear* was awarded the French literary prize Prix Littéraire 30 Millions d\'Ami. It was also named a Notable Book by the awards panel for the Kiriyama Prize for cross-cultural communication and was selected by the editors at Amazon.com as their #1 Choice in Nature Writing for 2002.
In November 2010, *Walking Home* was given the 2010 Banff Mountain Festival John Whyte Award for Mountain Literature
| 446 |
Lynn Schooler
| 0 |
11,010,822 |
# Yesterday Once More (album)
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 107, column 1):
unexpected '{'
{{album chart|UK2|10|date=19841216|rowheader=true|access-date=February 16, 2024}}
^
``
| 22 |
Yesterday Once More (album)
| 0 |
11,010,841 |
# WLFN (FM)
**WLFN** (88.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a contemporary Christian format. Licensed to Flint, Michigan, it is a member of the K-Love radio network. The transmitter is in Burton near the intersection of South Vassar and East Bristol roads.
## History
The station signed on in September 1997 as WGRI with an urban gospel format. After Gospel Radio International sold the station to the Educational Media Foundation, WGRI joined K-Love on October 1, 2001, and changed its call letters to WAKL on October 29. The station became WKMF on May 31, 2019, after EMF moved the WAKL call sign to a station it had acquired in the Atlanta market.
The station changed its call sign to WKVR on December 6, 2022, and to WLFN on October 10, 2024
| 132 |
WLFN (FM)
| 0 |
11,010,843 |
# Third Upper Peru campaign
The **Third Upper Peru campaign** was an unsuccessful invasion by the rebel United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, in 1815 during the Argentine War of Independence, of Upper Peru (today Bolivia), which was still under control of Spanish troops.
## The campaign {#the_campaign}
The first and second campaign had ended in failure, but had also weakened the Spanish troops in Upper Peru.
The Northern Army, unofficially commanded by José Rondeau, started another campaign, but this time without the authorization of Supreme Director Ignacio Álvarez Thomas. With the lack of official support, the army faced anarchy and later would lose the aid of the Provincial Army of Salta, commanded by Martín Miguel de Güemes.
After a successful battle in April 1815 at Puesto del Marquéz, near today\'s border between Bolivia and Argentina, Rondeau\'s army reached Potosí by June and Chayanta by September. In October, an attempt to overrun a small Royalist garrison at Venta y Media ended in defeat. Despite this setback, the Army of the North occupied Cochabamba.
In the meantime, the weak situation of the over-extended Royal Army in Upper Peru had changed with the arrival of the reinforcement of a division under the command of Juan Ramírez Orozco and with the arrival of loyal troops from Chile. Pezuela now launched a counteroffensive against Rondeau, and inflicted a crushing defeat in the Battle of Sipe-Sipe (or Viluma) on 28 November.
Again, the Northern Army had to withdraw to Tucuman and all northern territories were lost. They were reannexed by the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru, and later became present-day Bolivia. This unsuccessful outcome to the campaign would spread rumors in Europe that the May Revolution was over
| 284 |
Third Upper Peru campaign
| 0 |
11,010,876 |
# Massimiliano Duran
**Massimiliano Duran** (born 3 November 1963) is an Italian former professional boxer who competed from 1986 to 1994. He held the WBC cruiserweight title from 1990 to 1991 and the European cruiserweight title from 1993 to 1994. He is also known for being the only fighter in boxing history to earn a shot at, win, and defend a world title with three consecutive disqualification wins.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
Duran was born in Ferrara. His father was the Argentine-Italian boxer Juan Carlos Duran; his brother, the Italian boxer Alessandro Duran. Duran turned pro in 1986 when he defeated Momo Cupelic. The win earned him the nickname \"Momo\". Duran\'s first defeat came at the hands of Ndomingiedi Lusikina. This bout began a long-standing rivalry that resulted in the two boxers fighting each other five times as professionals.
In 1990 Duran won the WBC cruiserweight title by defeating Carlos De León, when De León was disqualified for hitting after the bell to end the 11th round. Duran was leading on the cards.
His first title defence was against Anaclet Wamba. Duran won by disqualification after Wamba had been penalized a total of five points. Duran lost a rematch the following year by 11th round technical knockout. and the rubber match by knockout.
In 1993 Duran beat Derek Angol by KO for the vacant European crown but subsequently lost the title by stoppage to Carl Thompson. Duran suffered permanent damages to his left eye in a match with Alexey Ilyin and retired shortly after.
Following his retirement, Duran worked as a boxing trainer in his gym "Pugilistica Padana Vigor" in Ferrara
| 271 |
Massimiliano Duran
| 0 |
11,010,916 |
# WAKV
**WAKV** (980 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a classic country format. Licensed to Otsego, Michigan, it first began broadcasting in 1958 with the WDMC call sign.
In February 2021, WAKV changed their format from adult standards/oldies to classic country, branded as \"98.9 Jethro FM\"
| 47 |
WAKV
| 0 |
11,010,954 |
# KFYO (AM)
**KFYO** (790 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in Lubbock, Texas. It airs a news/talk radio format and is owned by Townsquare Media. Its studios are on 82nd Street in southwest Lubbock.
KFYO transmits 5,000 watts daytime; to protect other stations on 790 kHz from interference, at night it reduces power to 1,000 watts. It uses a directional antenna with a three-tower array. The transmitter is off Slide Road at 146th Street in Lubbock. Programming is also heard on 250-watt FM translator K236CP on 95.1 MHz in Lubbock.
## Programming
Weekdays begin on KFYO with a 20-minute block of Texas-based news and agricultural reports hosted by Tony St. James from Agriculture Today. That\'s followed by *Sunrise LBK with Tom Collins and Matt Crow*. There is also a Lubbock-based talk show on weekdays in afternoon drive time, hosted by Chad Hasty and shared with other Townsquare talk stations in Texas. The rest of the weekday schedule is nationally syndicated shows: The Michael Berry Show, *The Clay Travis and Buck Sexton Show, The Sean Hannity Show, The Mark Levin Show, Coast to Coast AM with George Noory* and *This Morning, America\'s First News with Gordon Deal*.
Weekends feature specialty shows on money, health, home repair, guns, cars, the law, food and drink. Syndicated weekend programs include *The Kim Komando Show, The Weekend with Michael Brown, Gun Talk with Tom Gresham, The Ben Ferguson Show* and *Sunday Night with Bill Cunningham*. Most hours begin with an update from ABC News Radio.
## History
### Breckenridge and Abilene {#breckenridge_and_abilene}
T. E. Kirksey, owner of the Kirksey Bros. Battery and Electric Company, established a radio station in Breckenridge. Its first broadcast was on `{{start date and age|1927|9|6}}`{=mediawiki}. It operated with only 15 watts on 1420 kilocycles. In early 1928, it was allowed to increase power to 100 watts.`{{r|hc}}`{=mediawiki}
On September 22, 1928, KFYO moved to Abilene. It continued to broadcast on 1420, upgrading to 250 watts by day and 100 watts at night. The station maintained studios in the Grace Hotel. 16-year-old Grant Turner, later an announcer for the Grand Ole Opry in Nashville, joined the station when it moved to Abilene.
At times, KFYO has claimed a longer history, stretching back to an experimental station allegedly started by Kirksey in 1923, in Bentonville, Arkansas. However, no records show a station was licensed to Kirksey there. Bentonville\'s first radio station was KFVX, run by Ralph H. Porter in 1925 but closed the same year. There was an earlier and unrelated KFYO, which operated at Texarkana, Texas. KFYO Texarkana shut down in February 1927. A new KFYO Breckenridge received a construction permit from the federal government six months later.
### Moving to Lubbock {#moving_to_lubbock}
In February 1932, Kirksey was approved to move KFYO to Lubbock on 1310 kHz. It used a site at 2312 5th Street, three blocks east of Texas Tech University.`{{r|hc}}`{=mediawiki} The station began broadcasting from Lubbock on April 23. Two years later, the station moved to new downtown studios and offices located at 914 Avenue J.`{{r|hc}}`{=mediawiki} Also in 1934, KFYO aired the first-ever radio broadcast of a Texas Tech football game. It then began broadcasting games regularly in 1935, holding the rights continuously through the 1993 season.
In 1935, the station began airing the Sunday morning services of the Downtown (Lubbock) Bible Class Sunday morning services. The weekly service aired on KFYO until 1946 and returned to KFYO from KSEL in December 1987. The precursor of the Chuck Wagon Gang----then known as the Carter Quartet=---made its radio debut that same year over KFYO. They performed weekly and earned the group \$15 a week. The group included David Parker Carter \'Dad\', son Jim (born Ernest) and daughters Rose and Effie. In 1936, the Carters changed their group name to the Chuck Wagon Gang, moved to the Dallas-Fort Worth area, and joined radio station WBAP.
### Plains Radio ownership {#plains_radio_ownership}
Kirksey sold the station he had built to the Plains Radio Broadcasting Company. It was owned by the *Lubbock Avalanche-Journal* and *Amarillo Globe-News* newspapers. DeWitt \"Judge\" Landis became the general manager, and KFYO affiliated with the NBC Red Network. The new owners also rebuilt the transmitter, which was still using the original equipment put into service at Breckenridge ten years prior. The station changed affiliations several more times, to the Mutual Broadcasting System (MBS) in 1937 and to the NBC Blue Network (later ABC Radio) in 1944. The North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (NARBA) required KFYO to move to 1340 kHz. This took effect on March 29, 1941. The year before, KFYO increased its nighttime power to 250 watts, matching its daytime output.`{{r|hc}}`{=mediawiki}
On July 1, 1945, KFYO broadcast live from Lubbock\'s airfield, when the first commercial airline flight landed in Lubbock. It was a Braniff Airways flight from Dallas, that continued to Albuquerque.
### FM station and AM upgrade {#fm_station_and_am_upgrade}
KFYO put a sister station on the air on April 18, 1948. KFYO-FM 99.5 was the first FM station on the South Plains. It largely simulcast the AM station. In that era, few people owned FM receivers and management saw little chance to make it profitable. KFYO-FM went dark in 1950 and the license was returned to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Today, 99.5 is the home of co-owned country music station KQBR.
KFYO engaged in a seven-year fight to improve its facilities in the late 1940s and early 1950s. In 1945, KFYO filed to move to 790 kHz and increase its power to 5,000 watts.`{{r|hc}}`{=mediawiki} The FCC initially denied the bid in favor of a competing application from Lubbock County Broadcasting Company, which owned KBWD in Brownwood. But KFYO appealed and was successful in having the case remanded for new hearings in 1949. Despite a hearing examiner finding in favor of Lubbock County in 1950, the FCC awarded the frequency to KFYO in October 1951. The frequency change took place on January 19, 1953, at which time the station activated its three-tower array near 82nd and Quaker streets. The new facility allowed KFYO to be heard in Amarillo, Abilene, Midland, Odessa, San Angelo, Ozona and eastern New Mexico. The 1340 frequency became the home to a new station, KDUB.
On June 1, 1954, KFYO switched affiliations from ABC to CBS Radio. That gave the CBS Network its first outlet in Lubbock and first reliable reception in much of the South Plains.
| 1,062 |
KFYO (AM)
| 0 |
11,010,954 |
# KFYO (AM)
## History
### Lubbock Tornado {#lubbock_tornado}
KFYO was the only station to broadcast continuously before, during, and after the Lubbock Tornado that struck the downtown area on May 11, 1970. KFYO also provided Lubbock\'s only link to the outside world during the tornado by broadcasting over phone lines to 1080 KRLD in Dallas. Because KFYO was the assigned civil defense radio station in Lubbock, the station was equipped with two diesel backup generators, which provided power for KFYO\'s studios and transmitter site at 82nd & Quaker.
Much of the city was damaged and without power for days. Two other Lubbock radio stations lost their towers in the storm. KFYO became a vital link for Lubbock and the region in the hours and days after the tornado, broadcasting multiple 24-hour commercial-free days. It received local, state and national awards for its coverage, including a citation from President Richard Nixon.
### Changes in ownership {#changes_in_ownership}
KFYO, Inc., controlled by S. B. Whittenburg, bought the station in 1973. It was sold six years later to the Seaton Publishing Company in a \$1.3 million transaction. The new owners substituted the station\'s beautiful music programs with a country music format.
In 1985, KFYO, Inc. decided to have an FM counterpart again. The company bought the former KRUX at 102.5 MHz. The station became KZII-FM on March 27, 1986. That same year, the stations moved to a new studio and tower site on South Slide Road, housing both offices and a new three-tower array for KFYO. Part of the former KFYO transmitter site at 82nd and Quaker was redeveloped into the Kingsgate North Shopping Center.
In March 1997, KFYO and KZII-FM were sold to GulfStar Communications, which also owned KFMX-FM, KKAM and KRLB-FM 99.5 in Lubbock. The studios returned to 82nd and Quaker, in the Copy Craft building that housed the other GulfStar stations. The KFYO transmitter site remained on South Slide. San Antonio-based Clear Channel Communications acquired the GulfStar Lubbock cluster in 2000. In August 2010, KFYO owner Gap Central Broadcasting, which had purchased the Lubbock cluster from Clear Channel in 2007, was folded into Townsquare Media.
### Texas Tech Red Raiders {#texas_tech_red_raiders}
KFYO was the longtime home of Texas Tech Red Raiders football and men\'s basketball games starting with the first Texas Tech Football game broadcast in 1934 and continuing into the mid-1990s. Jack Dale was the \"Voice of the Red Raiders\" from 1953-2003 and also served as KFYO\'s Sales Manager in 1960s and 70s. On Christmas Eve 1993, KFYO broadcast a Red Raider football game for the final time as the team\'s flagship radio partner. That game was a 41-10 loss to the Oklahoma Sooners in the 1993 John Hancock Bowl, with Jack Dale as the play-by-play announcer and John Harris on color commentary. The games moved to 94.5 KFMX & KKAM the following year, as part of Loyd Senn\'s All Sports Radio Network (ASRN), with Dale & Harris retaining their roles.
In late February 2003, air personality Jim Stewart left KFYO. Stewart had served as KFYO\'s Ag Director for over 20 years and for most of the time hosted the weekday 6 am and 12 pm hours. In the 1990s through 2001, Stewart\'s daily ag features were syndicated across West Texas via the Loyd Senn-owned Ag Producers Radio Network (APRN). APRN was sold to Clear Channel Communications in 2001 and the Oklahoma City Agri-Hub absorbed operations in late 2001. Stewart\'s radio career continued in Lubbock with Ag Director duties at 580 KRFE from 2005-2023. Stewart\'s life, radio career, and love of Texas Tech sports, was chronicled by the television program Texas Country Reporter in late 2023.
KFYO changed its network affiliation in 2003. On June 1, KFYO ended a 49-year affiliation with CBS and began an affiliation with ABC News Radio. In addition to hourly newscasts, KFYO carried several ABC features including Paul Harvey news and commentary, Sean Hannity\'s weekday afternoon talk show, and Mark Davis\' nationally syndicated Sunday afternoon talk show (based at WBAP (AM)). In December 2010, the Lubbock Bible Class aired its final service. The religious program aired on KFYO for a total of 37 years.
In 1970, KFYO donated a 1927 Model T once owned by the station and painted with news headlines of that year to the Texas Tech Museum. In 2015, State Representative John Frullo donated \$1,000 for the restoration of the Model T.
In October 2016, KFYO added an FM simulcast on 95.1 MHz. K236CP, an FM translator, is licensed to Lubbock. Branding for the station changed to \"News/Talk 95.1 & 790, KFYO\".
| 761 |
KFYO (AM)
| 1 |
11,010,954 |
# KFYO (AM)
## History
### Air Personalities {#air_personalities}
West Texas Walk of Fame (City of Lubbock) inductee Jane Prince-Jones hosted the KFYO Morning Show from October 2001-October 2005. She also anchored news updates during weekday mornings & middays.
Former Taylor County Justice of the Peace Rex Andrew hosted the KFYO Morning Show from June 2006-September 2012; solo in 2006 & 2007, and then with Chad Hasty starting in January 2008. Rex also anchored KFYO News updates, reported on the Lubbock County Commissioner\'s court beat and hosted the weekly public service program \"This Week in Lubbock\". Chad Hasty moved to the 8:30am-11am timeslot on October 1, 2012 and Tom Collins & Laura Mac took over hosting duties for the KFYO Morning Show.
In February 2017, Tom Collins and Laura Mac left KFYO, and Dave King and Matt Martin took over hosting KFYO\'s morning show.
In November 2020, Paul R. Beane was inducted into the Texas Radio Hall of Fame. Beane hosted the commentary \"The Way I See It\" from 2010-2014. He also served as a fill-in host for KFYO\'s talk shows from 2010-2020.
Following the departure of Robert Pratt on January 18, 2021, KFYO announced that Chad Hasty would take over the weekday 5-7p.m. timeslot. He is also syndicated across the state via the Texas Townsquare Media Network. Hasty\'s initial affiliates were: KYYW in Abilene and News/Talk KWFS in Wichita Falls. Later, in September 2023, Hasty added News/Talk 940 KIXZ in Amarillo as an affiliate.
In May 2022, Robert Snyder left KFYO, after a 21-year career as the News Director and Program Director. Snyder rebuilt the KFYO News department from scratch, starting with Jane Prince-Jones in October 2001, and developed numerous talk shows, including those hosted by Chad Hasty, Robert Pratt, Matt Martin, Tom Collins and Michael McDermott. Over the years, Snyder also anchored severe weather coverage with Ron Roberts from KAMC-TV and provided Lubbock-based reporting for ESPN Radio, CBS Sports Radio, Texas State Network and ABC News Radio. In April 2023, Matt Martin left the KFYO Midday Show when his family moved out of state. Michael McDermott took over the weekday 8:30-11a.m. timeslot, hosting the program \"McDermott at Large\" which aired until October 2023. KFYO currently airs The Michael Berry Show from 8:30-11a.m.
In late May 2023, Dave King announced he was retiring from the KFYO morning show \"Sunrise LBK\" for health reasons. King passed away the following month. Following King\'s passing, Ken Corbin and Matt Crow joined Tom Collins as rotating co-hosts for \"Sunrise LBK\" with Matt Crow permanently joining Tom Collins on \"Sunrise LBK\" in late March 2024.
First United Methodist Church of Lubbock, at the end of 2023, ended an over 50-year relationship with KFYO when it ceased airing its Sunday 11a.m. church service. First United Methodist Church had aired a Sunday morning church service on KFYO since 1952.
In April 2024, Nicholas Tauschek was named KFYO\'s Brand Manager. Tauschek holds two degrees from Texas Tech University and previously worked at 101.1 KONE-FM and Texas Tech\'s 88.1 KTXT-FM before he joined KFYO in 2021.
## FM translator {#fm_translator}
On October 12, 2016, KFYO added an FM simulcast on 95.1 MHz. `{{RadioTranslators
|callsign = KFYO
|call1 = K236CP
|freq1 = 95
| 534 |
KFYO (AM)
| 2 |
11,010,986 |
# Mary Jane Sherfey
**Mary Jane Sherfey** (1918--1983) was an American psychiatrist and writer on female sexuality, she received her medical degree from Indiana University School of Medicine in 1943, where she attended lectures on marriage and sexuality given by Alfred Kinsey. Sherfey had a private practice in New York City and was on the staff of the Payne Whitney Clinic of the New York Hospital -- Cornell Medical Center.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
sherfey was from Brazil, Indiana. She received her bachelor degree in chemistry from Indiana University Bloomington in 1940.
## Career
In 1961, Sherfey\'s interest in female biology was intensified when she came upon the inductor theory, which demonstrated that the human embryo is female until hormonally "induced" to become male. Determined to popularize a fact that had lain in neglect since its discovery in the 1950s, Sherfey began researching the subject and familiarizing herself with a variety of disciplines, including embryology, anatomy, primatology and anthropology. Many of her findings appear in *The Nature and Evolution of Female Sexuality*, which initially took form as an article contesting the existence of vaginal orgasm, published in the Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association in 1966.
In her earlier works, Sherfey noted that \"the strength of the sex drive determines the force required to suppress it.\" In *The Nature and Evolution of Female Sexuality*, she introduced the concept that \"female sexuality was an insatiable drive that had been repressed for the sake of maintaining a civilized agrarian society\" and helped to explain why knowledge of the clitoris had been ignored or forbidden for over three hundred years.
## Death
In 1983 at 65 years of age she died from a heart attack at her home in Rusk, Texas
| 290 |
Mary Jane Sherfey
| 0 |
11,011,004 |
# Maxi Sandal 2003 / Moonlight
***Maxi Sandal 2003 / Moonlight*** is the first Maxi Single (EP/hybrid album) released in 2003 of the Turkish pop singer Mustafa Sandal and the Greek pop singer Natalia.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
- *Maxi Sandal 2003 / Moonlight*, 2003
1. \"Aşka Yürek Gerek (Duet Natalia)\" -- **-- 5:46**
2. \"Moonlight (Duet Gülcan)\" -- **-- 3:59**
3. \"Yok Gerekçem (Duet Natalia)\" -- **-- 3:19**
4. \"En Kötü İhtimalle\" -- **-- 3:43**
5. \"Kop (Remix)\" -- **-- 4:13**
6. \"Aşka Yürek Gerek (Orient Mix) (Duet Natalia)\" -- **-- 4:05**
7. \"Aya Benzer (2003 Mix) (Duet Gülcan)\" -- **-- 3:59**
8. \"Aşka Yürek Gerek (Dance Mix) (Duet Natalia)\" -- **-- 4:40**
9
| 115 |
Maxi Sandal 2003 / Moonlight
| 0 |
11,011,012 |
# Bredgar
**Bredgar** is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Swale, Kent, England.
## Location
The village lies to the southwest of Sittingbourne on the road between Tunstall and Hollingbourne (previously the B2163). The M2 motorway crosses the parish. Junction 5 is west of the village.
## History
A hoard of 34 Roman gold aurei was discovered in the parish in 1957. It is thought to be related to the Claudian invasion, possibly buried by a soldier before the Battle of the Medway.
In the reign of King Henry III (12th century), Robert de Bredgar, resided here and his name appears in an ancient roll of the benefactors to the monastery of Davington (in Faversham). The village was then named after this family.
The village was originally called Bradgare. The parish had around 1300 acres of land, of which one hundred acres are covered by wood. With Tunstall and Bobbing, it was controlled by the Manor of Milton.
## Features
The parish includes several Grade II listed buildings. These include Swanton Court, a 16th-century house, and the 15th century Mann\'s Place. Bredgar House is in the centre of the village, and was constructed in the 18th century. A war memorial was constructed in the village centre by the pond in 1920, to commemorate soldiers fallen in World War I, and later updated for World War II. It was Grade II listed in 2007.
The parish also has its own church, St John The Baptist Church, which is in the diocese of Canterbury, and the deanery of Sittingbourne. It is Grade I listed. King Henry III gave out alms from this church to the leprous women of the hospital of St. James, (alias St. Jacob), near Thanington, near Canterbury. It was refurbished in 2014, including the installation of running water.
The Sun Inn is the village\'s pub. It has existed since the 16th century and features a large garden.
Bredgar is home to the privately owned Bredgar & Wormshill Light Railway, a steam railway with a collection of various locomotives and rolling stock. The railway is open to the public on Saturdays through the summer
| 357 |
Bredgar
| 0 |
11,011,021 |
# Elmley
**Elmley** is the local name for the Isle of Elmley, in the civil parish of Minster-on-Sea, part of the Isle of Sheppey in the Swale district, in the county of Kent, England. It was also the name of a very late 19th century industrial village on the isle. Edward Hasted describes, in 1798, the isle as two-eighths of the Isle of Sheppey (in turn) estimated as 11 miles by 8 miles. Its present national nature reserve covers more than the easily traceable area of the former isle by extending to the east, over Windmill Creek, one of two Sheppey inlets, former internal tidal channels.
## History
The village was a settlement and area that fluctuated between 1640 and up to 2341 acres by definition. The former civil parish at its height as recorded by decennial censuses had 219 residents at the 1891 census, falling to 50 in twenty years and to 8 in 1961. On 1 April 1968 the parish was abolished to form Queenborough in Sheppey. It consisted of the Turkey Cement Works, which was the major employer for the area, as well as a school, a church, a public house and 30 dwellings. The ailing cement works closed in 1902 and then the population dwindled. Elmley School closed in the 1920s and the church was demolished in the 1960s leaving memorials of graves.
There was also once a ferry service crossing the Swale to Murston (near Sittingbourne).
The last surviving buildings of the village are the Grade II listed \'Kingshill Farmhouse\' and \'Kingshill Farmhouse Barn\'
## Elmley today {#elmley_today}
In the 1970s a bird reserve was established on the marshes, the centrepiece of the Elmley National Nature Reserve, owned and managed by Elmley Conservation Trust. It covers 3250 acre, more than the easily traceable area of the former isle and is one of the largest bird reserves in England
| 313 |
Elmley
| 0 |
11,011,027 |
# Graveney
**Graveney** is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Graveney with Goodnestone, in the Swale district, in Kent, England. It is located between Faversham and Whitstable. The main part of the village is located along the intersection of Seasalter Road, Sandbanks Road and Head Hill Road (at the railway crossing), which is surrounded by farmland. The rest of the village is dispersed amongst this farmland. In 1961 the parish had a population of 305.
Features include a local pub (\'The Four Horseshoes\'), a primary school and a church. There is also a regular bus service that runs through the village.
The Saxon Shore Way (long-distance path) passes around the Graveney Marshes (between Seasalter and Faversham). The marshes are part of the South Swale SSSI.
## History
The first records of Graveney are as land acquired in 811 by Wilfred, archbishop of Canterbury, from Cenulph, King of Mercia. Graveney is listed in the Domesday Book in 1086 and was held by the de Gravene and de Feversham families and from 1408 by the Botiller family. Anne Botiller married John Martyn (d.1436) who built the manor house Graveney Court.
On 1 April 1983 the parish was abolished to form \"Graveney with Goodnestone\".
## Graveney Church {#graveney_church}
All Saints Church, Graveney, was constructed in Norman times, but it is mainly 14th century. The connections between the village of Graveney and the Christian Church can be traced back to a time before the Domesday Survey.
## Graveney boat {#graveney_boat}
In 1970, when improvement works were being undertaken by Kent River Authority to drainage channels (Hammond Drain and White Drain) in Graveness, an Anglo-Saxon clinker-built boat was found in the mudflats. The boat was carefully removed by the National Maritime Museum to be conserved and stabilised by the Mary Rose Trust.
It was a cross-channel cargo vessel, reconstructed as some 13.6 m long and 3.4 m wide and 1 m in draught. Later studies, including dendrochronology determined that it was built from oak, in the mid-890s. It was abandoned in the mud in 950AD. It was also found that one of the last cargoes it carried was hops (vines used in making beer). Other remains include fragments of quern-stones (grinding stones) made from Mayen lava, located in the Rhineland, Germany.
## Graveney marshes {#graveney_marshes}
Across the marsh run the 400kV powerlines of the national grid They are supported by eight pylons. There is a large 150/400kV electricity substation, serving the London Array offshore wind farm that lies to the north beyond the mouth of the Thames Estuary. Planning permission has been granted to construct a 350MW solar power farm around Cleve Hill, and connect the output to the grid through this substation.
The Battle of Graveney Marsh was the last ground level battle fought on British soil; there were no fatalities and one flesh wound. It was fought on 28 September 1940 and the participants were the crew of Junkers Ju 88 twin-engine bomber that had been forced to crashland and London Irish Rifles who had been billeted in Seasalter. The marshes are the homes to many wildlife species, including lapwing, brent goose, golden plover and marsh harrier
| 529 |
Graveney
| 0 |
11,011,034 |
# Heart's Delight, Swale
**Heart\'s Delight** is a settlement located to the south of Sittingbourne in Kent, England. *Heart\'s Delight Road*, leading to it, has the postal address of Tunstall. At the 2011 Census the population of the settlement was included in the civil parish of Borden.
According to Edward Hasted, in 1798, Heart\'s Delight was a small hamlet in the parish of Borden. Wrens farm was an estate in 1664 (but called \'Rains Farm\') and was owned by a squire from Tunstall.
There are four Grade II listed houses in the village; \'Hearts Delight House\', \'Filmer House\', \'Sharp\'s House\', and \'Wren\'s Farmhouse\'
| 103 |
Heart's Delight, Swale
| 0 |
11,011,050 |
# Stalisfield
**Stalisfield** is a village in the borough of Swale in Kent, England, located on a secondary road about 1½ miles (2.4 km) north of Charing and 5 miles south west of Faversham. The parish includes the hamlet of **Stalisfield Green**.
Stalisfield Green lies high on the North Downs (a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty), some 650 feet above sea level, and close to the escarpment above Charing.
## History
It was once anciently called \'Starchfield\'. It is called in the Domesday survey \'Stanefelle\', which means Stonefield. At the time of the Domesday survey the village belonged to Odo, Earl of Kent, (as the Bishop of Bayeux). After Odo\'s trial for fraud the village was passed to Adam de Port. Then it passed (along with Oare) to Arnulf Kade, who gave it to the Knights Hospitallers.
In 1545 it passed to Sir Anthony St. Leger. It was then sold in 1551 to Sir Anthony Aucher (the father of Anthony Aucher). In 1567 it was sold to Sir Nicholas Salter. In 1699 it was sold to Mr Richard Webbe, of Eleham. In 1711 it passed to dame Sarah Barrett, widow of Sir Paul Barrett,(serjeant-at-law). Sarah was married to Sir Richard Head, 1st Baronet\'s son Francis Head. Her grandson, Sir Francis Head, then inherited the manor. His brother, Sir John Head, inherited after his death in 1768. Sir John died in 1769, and his widow Lady Jane Head took control. In 1780 she died and it passed to William Lynch (her great-grandson). It then carried on in his family.
Also in the parish is Darbies Court. In 1445 John Darbie, who was alderman of London, and sheriff, was the owner. In 1399 Sir Ralph St. Leger, of Otterden (Sir Anthony St. Leger), became the owner. In 1798 the Right Hon. Lewis Thomas Watson, 2nd Baron Sondes, was the owner. The house still exists as Derbies Court, a Grade II listed building.
The church of Ore was anciently recorded as the chapel to the parish, but it has been long since separated, and has become a distinct church independent of it.
In the 13th century the church of St Mary was built, in the diocese of Canterbury, and deanery of Ospringe. It is Grade II\* listed.
## Present day {#present_day}
The village is notable for its public house, the Plough Inn. Built between 1350 and 1450, it is a fine example of a Wealden hall house and is Grade II listed. The pub serves only Kentish beers and ciders from traditional hand pumps; it regularly featuring ales from Hopdaemon (from Syndale Vineyard Newnham), Gadds (Ramsgate) and Goachers (Maidstone). In 2009, it was awarded \'Kent\'s best pub\' by \'Produced in Kent\' and in 2018 was a finalist in the national Freehold Pub of the Year. It is the only true local pub in Kent with 2 AA rosettes for excellence in food.
In October 2014 a new village hall was opened adjacent to the village green, replacing the old wooden First World War officers' mess hut, which was relocated to the village from Throwley Airfield after the end of the war
| 519 |
Stalisfield
| 0 |
11,011,059 |
# Albanian Alternative
**Albanian Alternative** (*Albanska alternativa*, *Alternativa Shqiptare*) is a political party representing the Albanian minority in Montenegro.
The party is led by Nik Gjeloshaj. At the legislative elections in Montenegro, in October 2012, AA won 1 out of 81 seats. Between 2009 and 2016, the party was a constituent member of the Albanian Coalition.
## History
In September 2016, the Albanian Alternative agreed to form a pre-election alliance with New Democratic Power -- FORCA and the Democratic Union of Albanians (DUA) for the 2016 elections. The coalition won one seat in the election, which was allocated to a member of FORCA.
## Electoral performance {#electoral_performance}
### Parliamentary elections {#parliamentary_elections}
**Election** Party leader Performance
-------------- ----------------- ------------- ------- --
Votes \% Seats +/--
2006 Vaselj Siništaj 2,656 0.78%
2009 Gjergj Camaj 2,898 0.9%
2012 3,824 1.05%
2016 Nik Gjeloshaj 3,394 0.89%
2020 6,488 1.58%
2023 5,767 1
| 148 |
Albanian Alternative
| 0 |
11,011,063 |
# Église Unie St-Marc
**Église Unie St-Marc** (*St. Mark United Church*) is a small but historic church in Ottawa, Canada. It is the main church for francophone Protestants in the Ottawa Gatineau region. French speaking Protestants are a very small minority in Canada, but one with a history dating back to early Huguenot settlers.
## History
The Ottawa church was founded as a Presbyterian congregation in 1874, and its first building was located in the Lebreton Flats. It joined the United Church of Canada upon its creation in 1925. In the 1960s its original home was expropriated by the federal government, along with the other buildings on the flats. The church then moved to its current building in Centretown at the corner of Elgin and 142 Lewis streets, next to Minto Park. This small building had been built in 1900 to house the First Unitarian Congregation of Ottawa, but seeking larger premises they moved to the western part of the city and sold the building to St-Marc in 1965. Jacques de Réland had served as minister from 1982.
In 2021, heritage work orders were issued to fix cracks in the tower. By 2024, the tower had been demolished, and the congregation had moved to the former St. Paul\'s Eastern United Church building
| 212 |
Église Unie St-Marc
| 0 |
11,011,064 |
# Murston
**Murston** is a suburb of Sittingbourne, in the Swale district, in the county of Kent, England. It is about 1 mile north-east of central Sittingbourne, on the east bank of the Milton Creek.
## History
According to Edward Hasted in 1798, it was once called \'Muston\'. The parish contains about 1000 acres of land, of which about 30 are used as woodland. North of the village are salt marshes that suffer from winter fogs and are foul-smelling.
In 1870-72, John Marius Wilson\'s Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales, referred to Murston having a post office (under Sittingbourne control) and a quay and several docks on the creek. It also comprised 1,317 acres of land, and 145 acres of water. The population in 1851 was 191 and then in 1861, it rose to 572. There was a ferry over the Swale to Elmley. In 1921 the civil parish had a population of 1603. On 31 March 1930 the parish was abolished to form Sittingbourne and Milton, part also went to Luddenham. It is now in the unparished area of Sittingbourne and Milton.
The older records, mention the Manor of \'Herst Hall\'. King Richard I, while at the Siege of Acon in Palestine, was assisted by \'Bartholomew de Murston\' of the manor. Later, John de Murston became owner of the manor, during the reign of Edward III. Sir Edward Hales, 1st Baronet was another manor owner. The widow of Sir Roger Twisden, 6th Baronet was the owner in 1798.
Also within the parish is East Hall, which also had a manorship. It has passed through many hands, including the St. Leger family in 1377. It now is a Grade II listed building.
Also in the parish is the estate of Mere Court (named from the closeness to the marshes). It has passed through many hands, including Sir Arnold Savage\'s father in 1374. It now is a Grade II listed building.
The village also has (the Grade II listed) Church of All Saints, which is in the diocese of Canterbury, and deanery of Sittingborne. It also now acts as a branch of Kent Savers Credit Union. Then, in 1990, Central Park Stadium was built for Sittingbourne F.C. but it is now used by Kent Kings.
## Geography
The former brickworks have been replaced by a large industrial estate (called the Eurolink Industrial Estate), including the Bayford Meadows Kart Circuit.
On the northern boundary of the parish, the Swale Way (a bypass route called the \'Sittingbourne Northern Relief road\' (which was built in 2010/11)) passes over the Milton Creek heads from the A249 road (past Kemsley) towards the Eurolink Industrial estate and towards the East Hall Farm residential development. Plans were to extend it past Bapchild to the Kent Science Park near Highsted, before joining the M2 Motorway. However, they were put on hold by cost and planning issues.
Beyond the Swale Way, the area towards the Swale is still marshland. The Murston Lakes connected to the Swale and were initially constructed for earlier brickworks, were later used for oyster rearing and are now part of \'Little Murston Nature Reserve\'. They are designated as a Special Protection Area (SPA). Passing along the Swale along the Milton Creek towards Sittingbourne is the Saxon Shore Way (a long-distance path around most of Kent).
| 549 |
Murston
| 0 |
11,011,064 |
# Murston
## Industry
Murston was a centre for brickmaking.
Between 1830 and 1870, brick making employed over 50% of the local population. **George Smeed** (1812-1881) was a local entrepreneur who developed the extractive industries and the related enterprises. In 1846, he started making bricks at Murston. These were Kentish yellows known as stock bricks, permeable bricks with the distinctive yellow ochre colour, that would form an impermeable glaze when exposed to sulphur dioxide. These need a slurry of 64% brick earth (the local subsoil), 25% town ash, and 11% chalk. In 1848, he produced 30 million bricks. In 1850, he established a Roman Cement Mill and later a second one. The ran a fleet of Thames sailing barges, and started constructing them. He built a gasworks at Murston in 1863, and leased land to the Burnham, Brick, Lime and Cement company, who built two cement bottle kilns at Murston. During the 1860 he built 150 houses for his Murston workers. By 1880, his company Smeed Dean produced 50 million bricks. The company was sold to the Dunstable Cement Company in 1926, which is now part of Blue Circle Industries.
### Brickworks
- Murston Brickfields: George Smeed started making bricks here in 1846, and by 1860 he had acquired many other brickfield, such as the three below.
:\* Muggleton's Brickfield (1835-1850); Adelaide Dock up to the Golden Ball orchard. The field was taken over by George Smeed in 1860.
:\* McKenzie Brickfield: 1840-1845 -- was halfway along the old Moat Road, about where the go-cart track is now. This field was taken over by George Smeed in 1860.
:\* Ashington Brickfield: 1843-1845 -- was where the present All Saints Church was built. The field extended North East to the now Dolphin Road and Westward on the other side of Church Road. The field was taken over by George Smeed in 1860.
- Huggens Brickfield 1830.
- Wills and Packhams: 1870, they ceased brick making during the 1960s
- Burleys brickfields: (1875-1945). They also had a large field and a wharf on the Creek
- Gransden\'s brickfield: between Milton workhouse and the creek which closed in the 1900s
- Wood\'s was between Gransden\'s and Burleys. It closed 1928
- Cornfords brickfield: closed about 1914
The 1930s maps show a brickmaking works near Mere Court Farm. They had moved closer to the Milton Creek in the 1940s
| 395 |
Murston
| 1 |
11,011,072 |
# Throwley
**Throwley** is an English village south of Faversham in the Borough of Swale in Kent. The name is recorded in the Domesday Book as Trevelai, which corresponds with a Brittonic origin, where \"trev\" means a settlement or farm house and \"elai\" typically relates to a fast moving river or stream (cf. Trelai (showing the loss of terminal \"f\") in Cardiff). In 2011 the parish had a population of 300.
## History
At the end of the civil wars of 1139-53, King Stephen\'s chief lieutenant William of Ypres gave the churches of Throwley and Chilham to the Abbey of Saint Bertin in Saint-Omer, France. Throwley Priory was built as a cell of that Benedictine house. It was dissolved as part of Henry IV\'s general suppression of alien priories in 1414 and granted to Thomas Beaufort, the half-brother of the king\'s father. Beaufort gave Throwley to Syon Abbey on 13 July 1424, a gift confirmed by Henry VI in 1443.
A Royal Flying Corps airfield was established in the Parish during the First World War to provide a landing ground for fighter biplanes defending London, the Thames Estuary and Kent. It was located near Bells Forstal.
## Geography
Throwley lies on top of the Kent North Downs in an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The landscape is mainly arable fields and woodland copses covering just over 5 square miles.
## Demography
The population of around 130 households is scattered across a number of hamlets the largest of which is Throwley Forstal.
## Landmarks
Within the parish is Belmont House and Gardens, an 18th-century house with a fine collection of clocks and beautiful gardens. The estate was owned by successive generations of the Harris family, it is now held in trust.
## Religion
The Parish church is St Michaels and All Angels which is built of flint, inside are monuments to the Harris and Sondes families. The church tower has a ring of eight bells
| 324 |
Throwley
| 0 |
11,011,083 |
# Rushenden
**Rushenden** is a village on the Isle of Sheppey in the Borough of Swale in Kent, England, of approximately 500 dwellings. It lies to the south of Queenborough (where, at the 2011 Census, the population was included). A railway spur line formerly passed through the village to a former wharf on the Swale, although this has now been removed to make way for part of the regeneration scheme.
## Regeneration
The masterplan for Queenborough and Rushenden (created in 2003) represents an "exemplar for other masterplanning projects in the Thames Gateway" (South East Regional Design Panel May 2006).
The plan includes a Green Charter and Arts strategy which aims to ensure that the development addresses sustainability as well as using art to act as the "glue" that binds the community together with its surrounding landscape.
The masterplan (by Homes and Communities Agency with Swale Council) sets out a comprehensive approach to regenerating Queenborough and Rushenden. It involves harnessing its setting, history and people, and combining with them proposals for housing, employment, community facilities and recreation.
The vision for the masterplan creates a mixed-use development with the potential to support:
- 1,800 new homes, split 50/50 between family housing and apartments, rated as Code Level 4 increasing to zero carbon
- Up to 180,000 square metres of new employment space with the ability to support over 1,000 new jobs
- Up to 20 hectares of brownfield land remediated
- 180 berth marina and community water space facility
- Improved public realm
- Provision of new community/educational Facilities
- 1.5 km of new strategic infrastructure
- Development of a combined heat and power plant (CHP).
The regeneration plan will cost up to £400 million
| 283 |
Rushenden
| 0 |
11,011,092 |
# 103rd Ohio Infantry Regiment
The **103rd Ohio Infantry Regiment**, sometimes **103rd Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry** was a three-years\' infantry regiment from northeastern Ohio that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It participated in many of the campaigns and battles of the Army of the Ohio in the Western Theater.
\"this Regiment was organized in the State of Ohio at large, in August and September, 1862, to serve for three years. It was mustered out of service June 12, 1865, in accordance with orders from the War Department. The official list of battles in which this Regiment bore an honorable part is not yet published by the War Department, but the following list has been compiled after careful research during the preparation of this work\"
Blue Spring Tennessee, October 5, 1863
Knoxville Tennessee,(Siege) November 17 to December 4, 1863
Dandridge Tennessee, January 16--18, 1864
Resaca Georgia, May 13--16, 1864
Atlanta Georgia,(Siege) July 28 -- September 2, 1864
Spring Hill Tennessee, November 29, 1864
The battle and the enlistment records of every soldier from the **103rd Ohio Infantry** is available online.
Needing additional soldiers, President Lincoln put out the call for volunteers to serve in the Union army. Several hundred men - mostly farmers - from the northern Ohio counties of Cuyahoga, Medina, and Lorain answered the call. This unit was organized in Cleveland in August 1862 and became known as the 103rd Regiment of the Ohio Volunteer Infantry\"
On July 21, 1862, William B. Castle, as chairman of the District Military Committee in Cleveland, sent a letter to Governor David Tod, enclosing a copy of a resolution recommending that the appointment of company officers for the 103rd Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. The new regiment was to draw members from Cuyahoga County, Lorain County and Medina County.
The 103rd OVI was organized at Cleveland in August 1862 under command of Colonel John S. Casement. It was ordered to Kentucky on September 3, 1862, and attached to the 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, Army of Kentucky, Department of the Ohio. The regiment saw action in Kentucky, Georgia, Alabama and Tennessee. After mustering up near Cleveland Ohio, then travelling by train to Cincinnati, where the 103 OVI ferried across the Ohio River to Covington. September 10--11, 1862 members of the 103rd OVI skirmish with Henry Heth, before the rebels retreated to Lexington, Kentucky. From Fort Mitchell the 103rd OVI marched approximately ninety miles to Lexington, Kentucky, where the infantry men boarded a train to Frankfort, Kentucky, arriving around 1:00 pm on October 30, 1862
March 26, 1863, The 103 Ohio Volunteer Infantry Commanded by Colonel John S. Casement begins construction of Fort on a Hill in Frankfort Kentucky. Originally named Fort Crittenden by the 103 OVI in honour of Kentucky\'s famed United States Senator John J. Crittenden, who gave the 103rd OVI a rousing speech and warm welcome when they arrived. Sometime during the war this Frankfort post received the name Fort Boone, not to be confused with Fort Boone. Lyman Beecher Hannaford describes \"We have now moved our encampment up on the hill in the rear of the fort\", the planned Fort would overlook the city providing defense of the now Union controlled Kentucky Capital, the only Union capital to fall to the Rebels\"
\"Towards the city, there is first a stone wall and an embankment about 5 feet high and 8 feet thick. This is right on the brow of the hill. The embankment on the other side is about ten feet thick and eight feet high. On the inside is a platform or shelf about three or four feet wide for infantry to stand on to repel an attack. On the outside of the embankment there is a ditch 8 feet wide and five feet deep\". 1--inside of fort 2--shelf for infantry 3--embankment of dirt 4--cedar brush 2 feet thick and projecting over the side of the ditch about 18 inches. The other end buried in the embankment, 5--ditch. I understand that it is going to be mounted with 12 guns. Six 32-pounders & six 64-pounders. \"I shall now tell you how large the fort is. It is about ten rods \[55 yards\] wide at the widest place and thirty rods \[165 yards\] long.\"
The 103rd mustered out on June 12, 1865. It lost during its term of service two officers and 137 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded, and three officers and 106 enlisted men by disease, a total 248 fatalities.
List of casualties: (under construction via 103 OVI Roster Index)
Field and Staff
Assistant Surgeon, Frank M. Andrews, Died October 8, 1864
Company A
Captain, Isaac C. Vail, died August 10, 1863, at Danville Kentucky
In 1866, veterans formed the 103rd O.V.I. Association. They and/or their descendants have held a reunion every year since, the only U.S. organization of its kind. The association operates the 103rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry Museum in Sheffield Lake, Ohio, that houses, preserves and displays historic Civil War relics which have been inherited, collected by or donated to the descendants of the members.
June 17, 1886, at a meeting of the Cuyahoga County Soldiers\' and Sailors\' Union, held at Bedford, it was determined that the time had arrived to commence the undertaking, which had for many years been contemplated by that body, of erecting the Memorial that had been authorized by Legislative enactment, accordingly a vote was taken as to the character and style of the structure. The names of members of the 103rd OVI can be found on this monument as well as an image depicting the Color Guard of the 103rd OVI \"in vivid truthfulness\" a gallant defense of the flag by the **103rd Ohio Infantry** at the battle of Resaca Georgia, May 13--16, 1864. \"The lion-hearted Sergeant Matin Striebler and eight Corporals stood before the enemys fire until they were wounded or killed (pg17).
March 9, 2014, Charles Levereth Bonney, 103rd OVI letter to Henry Sanford is transcribed. In the letter from Fort Mitchell, where the **103rd Ohio Infantry** had been brought to bolster the Defense of Cincinnati from Confederate Brigadier General Henry Heth, Charles indicates in his letter that some of the men had gone out and skirmished. Reports from the Rebels indicate skirmishing near Fort Mitchell on September 10--11, 1862 before returning south to Lexington, Kentucky, on September 12, 1862.
September 2018, 50+ letters written by Corporal Lyman Beecher Hannaford of the 103rd OVI during the American Civil War are transcribed with footnotes and images
| 1,079 |
103rd Ohio Infantry Regiment
| 0 |
11,011,093 |
# WATT
**WATT** (1240 AM, \"News Talk 1240\") is a radio station broadcasting a news-talk-sports format. Licensed to Cadillac, Michigan, it began broadcasting in 1946
| 25 |
WATT
| 0 |
11,011,094 |
# Sheldwich
**Sheldwich** is a village and civil parish in the far south of the Borough of Swale in Kent, England.
## Geography
Sheldwich is a rural parish situated 3 mi south of the market town of Faversham, 10 mi north of Ashford and 12 miles west of Canterbury via the M2 and A2. It is fragmented into five parts, with North Street a distinct settlement on the A251, Sheldwich (including the Church and school) scattered further south on or close to the main road; Sheldwich Lees, a small village in its own right (and where the Village Hall and Village Green (known as the Lees) are situated) lying 0.5 mi south-east of the junction of Lees Court Road and the Ashford Road (A251), and the hamlets of Gosmere and Copton to the north, the latter being transferred to the Parish in 2012. Other than North Street, Copton and part of Gosmere, the remainder of the parish lies within the Kent Downs, (the eastern part of the North Downs), a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The population of the parish in the 2021 census was 485, a fall of 6 from the 2011 Census and continuing the very slow decline in the number of residents. This reflects the almost complete lack of recent residential development in the village, owing to strict planning laws. The village name of Sheldwich is unique within the United Kingdom.
## Governance
Sheldwich in elections every four years helps to elect one representative to Kent County Council, this is currently:
Election Member
---------- ------ ------------------
2021 Rich Lehmann (G)
Sheldwich elects two representatives to Swale Borough Council, currently:
Election Member
---------- ------ --------------------
2023 Alastair Gould (G)
2023 Tim Valentine (G)
There is also the parish council with delegated responsibilities, such as for trees, litter, parks, some local leisure activities and a planning advisory role.
### Lees Court {#lees_court}
South east of the settlement of Sheldwich Lees is Lees Court, a listed Grade I country house. It was built c.1652 for George Sondes, 1st Earl of Feversham, but destroyed entirely by fire in November 1910 and painstakingly rebuilt in 1912. It was the country seat for many years of the Right Honourable the late Earl Sondes.
It is now subdivided into private apartments, along with the Grade II listed Dairy Court, Estate House, Court Yard, and Stable Yard. It also retains well maintained gardens, parkland and grounds.
The estate, once covering 85,000 acres today covers only 6,900 acres, c. 2,500 acres around the villages of Sheldwich and Badlesmere and the remainder at The Swale Estuary, Oare and Faversham Creeks.
| 434 |
Sheldwich
| 0 |
11,011,094 |
# Sheldwich
## History
In ancient charters it was called \'Schyldwic\'. In 784, it was given this name by Ealhmund of Kent, to Abbot Wetrede and his convent of \'Raculf Cestre\', or Reculver. During King Edward I\'s reign (1239--1307), it passed to the family of Atte-Lese, which included the Manor of Sheldwich. This then became the Manor of Leescourt due to the name of the Atte-lese family mansion.
In 1367, Sir Richard At-Lese (MP) was an owner of the manor, he was later Sheriff of Kent. He died in 1394. In King James I\'s reign, Sir Richard Sondes became the owner and his son Sir George Sondes destroyed a large section of the manor house. After Sir George, Marquis of Blanquefort inherited the manor. It then stayed under his family control until 1798.
The village church, parts of which are eleventh century, is listed as Grade II\*, and is dedicated to St. James. It was extended and extensively restored in 1888.
The village features its manor house, rebuilt almost entirely, lying close to woodland known as Church Plantation. There is also a Primary School, rated as outstanding at the last full assessment.
Because of the small scattered population (485 according to the 2021 census) the civil parish is joined with those of two smaller neighbouring villages, and is known as Sheldwich, Badlesmere and Leaveland. As most of the parish lies within the Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, planning laws are tight with very little new development permitted since its establishment in the mid-1960s. Property prices are mostly high as a consequence, supported by a popular and outstanding primary school.
The following are listed structures within the Parish:
- Throwley House (Grade II\* )
- Church of St James (Grade II\* )
- Lees Court (Grade I)
- Yew Tree Cottage
- Bier House 30 m SE of Church of St James
- The Manor House
- Dairy Court, Estate House And Courtyard, Lees Court
- Yew Tree Cottage
- Stocks Cottages
- Barn, now converted to residence. 10 m E of The Stocks
- Three Chest Tombs about 10 m S of Chancel of Church of St James
- Colbrahamsole Farmhouse and Garden Wall
- Gates about 5 m E of the Gate House (T.R. 016559)
- Chambers Cottage
- West End
- The Old School and Old School House
- Lords Cottages
- Stable Yard
- The White House
- The Old Post Office and adjoining Post Office Cottage
- The Old Bakery
- Meadow Cottage
- The Old Cottage
- Stable Block About 10 m N of Throwley House
- Little Lords
- Lees Court (Grade I listed)
## Economy
There are several listed oast houses, mostly now residential, such as Gosmere Oast (pictured). The area is almost wholly agricultural with a particularly fine herd of cattle at Badlesmere Court Farm and some sheep. It is also home to Sheldwich Primary School
| 486 |
Sheldwich
| 1 |
11,011,099 |
# Jeff Lampkin
**Jeff Lampkin** (born September 21, 1961) is an American former professional boxer. During his 11-year professional career, Lampkin won the USBA cruiserweight title and IBF cruiserweight belt.
## Amateur career {#amateur_career}
Lampkin had a stellar amateur career, winning the National AAU Light Heavyweight Championship in 1980. He became a professional later that year. On June 11, 1982, Lampkin, along with another Youngstown-area boxer, Earnie Shavers, had an undercard spot on the Larry Holmes-Gerry Cooney fight.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
Lampkin\'s professional boxing career peaked on March 22, 1990, when he won the IBF Cruiserweight Title with a technical knockout of British boxer Glenn McCrory, in London. He defended the belt once against Siza Makathini before vacating the title in 1991. This decision came in the wake of a controversy surrounding Lampkin\'s participation in an IBF bout in South Africa, which prompted the WBA and WBC to withhold recognition of his title. (Both bodies had sanctions against fighters who competed in that country.)
The IBF\'s subsequent failure to offer Lampkin a fight led him to request a purse offer in the summer of 1991. When IBF President Bobby Lee offered Lampkin a fight just three weeks before the bout was scheduled, a move that denied him adequate training time, the boxer concluded that the IBF had no intention of allowing him to defend his title. After vacating his title, Lampkins never challenged for a major belt again.
## Later years {#later_years}
Despite Lampkins\' accomplishments, his economic rewards were relatively modest. Contracts he signed left the fighter with little more than \$50,000, even though he won and defended a cruiserweight world champion title. The former champion indicated that frustration over the apparent mishandling of his career contributed to his decision to vacate the title. Today, Lampkin lives and works in Youngstown.
| 302 |
Jeff Lampkin
| 0 |
11,011,099 |
# Jeff Lampkin
## Professional boxing record {#professional_boxing_record}
Result Record Opponent Type Round, time Date Location Notes
---- -------- --------- ------------------------- ------ ------------- ------------ ----------------------------------------------------------- -------
59 Win 39-19-1 Exum Speight TKO 4 27/06/1997 Liberty, Ohio, U.S.
58 Loss 38-19-1 Brian Nielsen UD 8 13/01/1995 Aalborghallen, Denmark
57 Loss 38-18-1 Andrew Golota RTD 1 13/08/1994 Aladdin, Nevada, U.S.
56 Win 38-17-1 Danny Stonewalker KO 3 24/05/1994 Salta, Argentina
55 Loss 37-17-1 Tom Glesby UD 10 22/03/1994 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
54 Loss 37-16-1 Herbie Hide TKO 2 04/12/1993 Sun City, Bophuthatswana
53 Loss 37-15-1 Arthur Williams UD 10 08/06/1993 Riviera, Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.
52 Loss 37-14-1 Marcelo Victor Figueroa MD 10 03/10/1992 Cirque d\'hiver, France
51 Win 37-13-1 Fred Adams KO 7 05/09/1992 Paris, France
50 Win 36-13-1 Larry Davis KO 1 29/05/1992 Youngstown, Ohio, U.S.
49 Win 35-13-1 Siza Makathini KO 8 28/07/1990 Saint Petersburg, Florida, U.S.
48 Win 34-13-1 Glenn McCrory KO 3 22/03/1990 Gateshead Leisure Centre, Gateshead, England
47 Win 33-13-1 Ed Smith TKO 9 19/10/1989 Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino, New Jersey, U.S.
46 Win 32-13-1 Elvis Parks KO 1 12/05/1989 Struthers Fieldhouse, Ohio, U.S.
45 Win 31-13-1 Wali Muhammad TKO 12 14/02/1989 Showboat, Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.
44 Win 30-13-1 Alfonso Ratliff TKO 5 17/11/1988 Showboat, Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.
43 Win 29-13-1 Freddie Rafferty KO 6 02/07/1988 Sun City, Bophuthatswana
42 Loss 28-13-1 Patrick Lumumba PTS 8 09/04/1988 Caesars Palace, Nevada, U.S.
41 Loss 28-12-1 Lottie Mwale PTS 10 05/12/1987 Philips Halle, Germany
40 Loss 28-11-1 Sherman Griffin SD 12 23/06/1987 Houston, Texas, U.S.
39 Loss 28-10-1 Ramzi Hassan UD 10 23/02/1987 The Forum, Inglewood, California, U.S.
38 Win 28-9-1 Jesse Shelby SD 10 22/01/1987 The Forum, Inglewood, California, U.S.
37 Win 27-9-1 Paul Madison KO 5 11/09/1986 The Forum, Inglewood, California, U.S.
36 Win 26-9-1 Danny Blake UD 8 11/03/1986 Niles, Ohio, U.S.
35 Win 25-9-1 Tim Broady TKO 7 24/01/1986 Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino, New Jersey, U.S.
34 Loss 24-9-1 Charles Williams PTS 10 03/12/1985 Sands Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.
33 Loss 24-8-1 Cedric Parsons SD 8 06/08/1985 Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.
32 Win 24-7-1 Jack Johnson UD 10 11/06/1985 Tropicana Casino & Resort Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.
31 Loss 23-7-1 Jerome Clouden PTS 10 20/11/1984 Jefferson City, Missouri, U.S.
30 Draw 23-6-1 Chisanda Mutti PTS 10 26/05/1984 Düsseldorf, Germany
29 Win 23-6 Willie Crawford KO 4 06/03/1984 Niles, Ohio, U.S.
28 Win 22-6 Arthel Lawhorne TKO 6 24/01/1984 Niles, Ohio, U.S.
27 Loss 21-6 Anthony Witherspoon PTS 10 11/01/1984 Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.
26 Loss 21-5 Fulgencio Obelmejias PTS 8 14/12/1983 Loano, Italy
25 Loss 21-4 Johnny Davis UD 10 12/07/1983 Tropicana Casino & Resort Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.
24 Win 21-3 Stanley Ross KO 1 14/06/1983 Tropicana Casino & Resort Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.
23 Loss 20-3 Richie Kates PTS 10 13/04/1983 Resorts Casino Hotel, New Jersey, U.S.
22 Win 20-2 Rodney Green UD 10 07/03/1983 Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
21 Win 19-2 Leonardo Rodgers TKO 3 22/01/1983 Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.
20 Win 18-2 Frank Payne TKO 3 30/12/1982 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.
19 Loss 17-2 Willie Stallings PTS 10 30/11/1982 Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.
18 Win 17-1 Al Bolden MD 10 27/08/1982 Civic Arena, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.
17 Loss 16-1 Willie Edwards UD 10 11/06/1982 Caesars Palace, Nevada, U.S.
16 Win 16-0 Fred Brown TKO 5 28/04/1982 Struthers Fieldhouse, Ohio, U.S.
15 Win 15-0 Michael Hardin TKO 6 17/03/1982 Niles, Ohio, U.S.
14 Win 14-0 Phil Brown KO 4 22/02/1982 Niles, Ohio, U.S.
13 Win 13-0 Charles Williams TKO 6 29/10/1981 Warren, Ohio, U.S.
12 Win 12-0 Darnell Hayes KO 2 15/08/1981 Gannon College Auditorium, Pennsylvania, U.S.
11 Win 11-0 Sylvester Wilder TKO 1 19/07/1981 Warren, Ohio, U.S.
10 Win 10-0 Ernie Whitmore KO 3 28/06/1981 Canton Memorial Civic Center, Ohio, U.S.
9 Win 9-0 Darnell Hayes KO 2 17/03/1981 Niles, Ohio, U.S.
8 Win 8-0 Randy Jackson KO 1 20/01/1981 Niles, Ohio, U.S.
7 Win 7-0 Stanley Scott TKO 3 16/12/1980 Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.
6 Win 6--0 Willie Crawford TKO 4 09/12/1980 Warren, Ohio, U.S.
5 Win 5-0 Eddie Temple TKO 1 28/10/1980 Warren, Ohio, U.S.
4 Win 4-0 Earl Caldwell KO 1 24/09/1980 Struthers Fieldhouse, Ohio, U.S.
3 Win 3--0 Wes Rowe TKO 3 09/09/1980 Warren, Ohio, U.S.
2 Win 2--0 John Beveridge KO 1 20/08/1980 Warren, Ohio, U.S.
1 Win 1--0 Jim Hearn TKO 1 18/06/1980 Struthers Fieldhouse, Ohio, U.S
| 744 |
Jeff Lampkin
| 1 |
11,011,101 |
# Tunstall, Kent
**Tunstall** is a linear village and civil parish in Swale in Kent, England. It is about 2 km to the southwest of the centre of Sittingbourne, on a road towards Bredgar.
## History
In 1798, Edward Hasted records that it had once been called *Dunstall*. This comes from the Saxon words *dun*, or *dune*, meaning a hill, and *stealle* meaning a place. It was recorded in the Domesday survey, mistakenly as Stealle.
At that time the parish covered around nine hundred acres of land (about 364 ha), of which about one hundred and forty were woodland.
In 1042, the manor was held by Osward (a Saxon chief) before being given to Odo, Earl of Kent (as the Bishop of Bayeux). After Odo\'s trial for fraud, the parish passed to \'Hugo de Port\'. In the reign of King Henry II (1166), it passed to Manasser Arsic. In 1206, it was sold to Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent. His daughter Margaret (who was married at one time to Richard de Clare) inherited and she then passed it to her eldest son \'John de Burgo\'.
In 1280, his son John died and his daughter, Margerie (who was married to Stephen de Pencester) inherited the parish. When Stephen died in 1303, Margerie married Robert de Orreby, with whom she had a son John de Orreby (a clerk). In 1347 it was sold to Sir Walter Manny. His only daughter Anne, the wife of John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, inherited it after he died. His son, John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke later became the owner of the parish. It then passed to his cousin Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn. He sold this manor to John Drue, rector of Harpley, and John Seymour, citizen of London, who later sold it to Sir William Cromer (who was Lord Mayor in 1413 and 1423). His son William Cromer (who was High Sheriff of Kent in 1444). His son Sir James Cromer was also a High Sheriff. When he died in 1613, it passed to Christian, his youngest daughter, who carried it in marriage to John Hales (the eldest son of Sir Edward Hales, knight and 2nd baronet, of Tenterden). Then his grandfather Sir Edward Hales, 1st Baronet inherited the manor and it passed through various members of his family.
Also within the parish is Ufton, which was the family home of Sir Robert de Shurland (who also held Shurland Hall on the Isle of Sheppey). He possessed the manor in the reign of Edward I. He attended the prince`{{clarify|date=March 2021}}`{=mediawiki} in Scotland, to the siege of Caerlaverock, where he was knighted, and in 1300, he then obtained a charter of free warren for his manor of Ufton.
Another estate in the parish is Gore Court. This passed through many generations of the Gore family.
Another small manor is Pitstock, which changed its name to \'Woodstock\'. Thomas Cheney (Treasurer of the Household) was an owner in 1572.
The church of St John Baptist is in the diocese of Canterbury, and the deanery of Sittingbourne. It is Grade I listed.
## Modern day {#modern_day}
Notable sights include Tunstall Church of England primary school and a large village manor house, and a former police house which is now a private residence. Unusually for an English village, there are no shops or pubs within the village boundaries; these have been prohibited since the Middle Ages. The only amenity is a telephone box.
The Kent Science Park is in the parish, on a former Shell Research site
| 592 |
Tunstall, Kent
| 0 |
11,011,115 |
# Hernhill
**Hernhill** is a village and civil parish between Faversham and Canterbury in southeast England. The parish includes the hamlets of Crockham, Dargate, The Fostall, Lamberhurst, Oakwell, Staple Street, Thread, Waterham and Wey Street.
## Churches
During the Anglo-Saxon Christian period (from 600 AD) there was a Christian church in Hernhill, built of wood. In 1120 this was replaced with a church built of wood and stone and dedicated to St Stephen.
### St Michael\'s Church {#st_michaels_church}
In about 1450 the church was replaced again, this time with a stone and flint church building on the same site. This 15th-century structure, dedicated to St Michael, incorporated some of the masonry from the 12th-century building. St Michael\'s is perpendicular in style and has a square tower with a ring of eight bells. The main door and door to the bell tower are 15th century, and the rood screen is 16th century. Much of the furniture dates from a restoration of the church in the 19th century, and a Lady Chapel was added in 1928.
The churchyard contains a monument to parishioners killed in the nearby Battle of Bossenden Wood in 1838, said to be the last armed uprising on British soil.
## Hamlets
### Dargate
**Dargate** is a hamlet near Faversham in Kent, England. It consists of mainly farmland containing fruit trees and shrubs, and hops in the past. It is also on the edge of Blean Woods. It has 42 houses.
In April 1999 Dargate was made into a conservation area, which means that it is protected. This means that any building or development has to be approved and must be the same as how they imagined Dargate to look historically.
In the centre of the hamlet is the Dove Public House. Shepherd Neame purchased The Dove in 1884. In 1884 it was described as a beer house, that is a low rent drinking den, licensed by the Beerhouse Act 1830. It became a beer house sometime between 1830 and 1867. The old thatched house was extended in the 1890s and further extended probably in the early 1900s when the old thatched house was demolished and made over to garden/yard.
The name Plumpudding Lane came from the fruit trees and the desert of the same name. When the new Thanet Way dual carriageway was built, it split the hamlets of Hernhill.
Dargate had a post office which closed in 1990. There was also regular deliveries by a milk float and a weekly visit from a coal man and the Library van. All of which have now stopped. Oakleigh Manor Landscape design used to be a Motor museum and Belvedere farm (originally Dargate Farm) had a farm shop which sold amenities, fruit and vegetables as well as Easter Eggs and Christmas gifts.
When Sir William Courtney came to Hernhill in 1838, he persuaded 44 people in Hernhill and Dunkirk to Revolt, which has been described as 'The Last Rising of The Agricultural Labourers'. They killed a policeman and then six of them were then shot, including Courtney or John Tom which was his real name, in woods nearby. They are buried in Hernhill church. A lot of the rioters came from Dargate. Goodwin ran the Dove and John Spratt lived in what is now called 'The Old Post Office.'
### Waterham
**Waterham** is a hamlet in the borough of Swale in Kent, England.
## In popular culture {#in_popular_culture}
Author Russell Hoban repurposes Dargate as \"Dog Et\" in his 1980, post apocalyptic novel *Riddley Walker*
| 584 |
Hernhill
| 0 |
11,011,125 |
# Chestnut Street, Kent
**Chestnut Street** is a settlement to the west of Sittingbourne in the Borough of Swale, Kent, England.
It is located on the former A249 road alignment, between the junction with the A2 road near Key Street and Danaway. The A249, a dual carriageway since the 1990s, avoids Chestnut Street. Its postal address is Chestnut Street, Borden, Kent; that village is a mile (1.6 km) to the east.
There are a number of Grade II listed buildings in the hamlet, including Hooks Hole, Old Houses, Dumbles, Tudor Rose Cottage, Oldstede, and Chestnut Street Farmhouse
| 97 |
Chestnut Street, Kent
| 0 |
11,011,134 |
# Kemsley
**Kemsley**, once a separate village, is now a suburb of Sittingbourne in Kent, England.
According to Asserius Menevensis in his contemporary survey, the Danes built a fortress or castle here in 893 at a place called \'Kemsley downe\'. This later became \'Castle Rough\'.
At the end of the 19th century, the site of the village was simply a row of cottages beside a brick works, located close to the remains of the medieval fortified manor house Castle Rough.
In 1924, with expansion impossible at the old Sittingbourne Paper Mills, owner Edward Lloyd built the new Kemsley Paper Mill, which served by a creek allowed the direct importation of raw materials to the site. At the same time he built a garden village to house his employees, the core of which comprises the modern day Kemsley village. The narrow gauge industrial railway which served the factory is now the preserved Sittingbourne and Kemsley Light Railway, a tourist attraction. Kemsley railway station is on the Sheerness Line
| 167 |
Kemsley
| 0 |
11,011,149 |
# Oare, Kent
**Oare** is a village and civil parish north of Davington, Faversham in southeast England. It is separated from Faversham by the Oare Creek. To the north of the village are the Oare Marshes, and the Harty Ferry which once linked to Harty on the Isle of Sheppey. Kent Wildlife Trust manages a nature reserve that is an important stopping place for migratory birds.
According to Edward Hasted, in 1798, it was part of the hundred of Faversham. It was once anciently recorded as \'Ore\', meaning fenny or marshy place in the Anglo-Saxon language.
The manor of Oare belonged to Odo of Bayeux, the Bishop of Bayeux and half-brother of William the Conqueror, and was noted so in the Domesday Book of 1086. After Odo\'s trial for fraud, the manor passed to the Arnulf Kade who gave it to the Knights Hospitallers.
During Edward VI\'s reign, it passed to Lord Clinton (a relative of Edward Clinton, Lord Clinton).
Historically, Oare was the southern terminus of the Harty Ferry, which ran across the Swale channel between the then Isle of Harty and the mainland.
The village has a church on the outskirts dedicated to St Peter. The 13th-century church is Grade I listed.
The village also has two public houses, the Grade II-listed, Shepherd Neame-run Three Mariners Inn and The Castle.
## Industry
Oare Windmill, across the Oare boundary and in Faversham, is believed to date from about 1819. Originally a corn mill, after 1879 it was owned and operated by the Gun Powder Company as part of the Faversham area\'s explosives industry. During the First World War, the Mill was requisitioned by the government. In 1963, it was converted into a private home.
Between 1916 and 1919, the Davington Light Railway ran close to the village and took workers from Oare halt to the main munitions factories at Uplees
| 311 |
Oare, Kent
| 0 |
11,011,154 |
# Leaveland
**Leaveland** is a hamlet and civil parish located in the Swale borough of Kent, South East England. In terms of topography, it is described as a \"village surrounded by inhabited countryside\", and is situated mostly on high ground. It is located 5 miles South of Faversham, West of Badlesmere, and on or close to the A251.The closest railway station to the area is Selling, which is just over three miles away, although Faversham station is more accessible and offers better services. The closest estuary is The Swale which separates the Isle of Sheppey from mainland Kent, and flows to the north of Faversham Creek.. Leaveland itself covers an area of 1.5 km^2^ and lies entirely within the Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
According to the 2011 Census there were 54 males and 46 females living in the parish.
Leaveland as a civil parish is too small to have its own parish council, therefore Sheldwich, Badlesmere and Leaveland have a combined parish council (their total population is 759), consisting of 8 members. They have monthly meetings where by they deal with local issues, help aid council spending, and provide information to organisations who operate in the area. Leaveland is also part of Swale Borough Council, as part of the 4 towns in the borough. These include Faversham, Sittingbourne, Sheerness and Queenborough. The Borough currently has 47 councillors, no one party holds a majority (2019 elections)
## History
In the 1870s, Leaveland was described as:
> A parish in Faversham district, Kent; 3¼ miles SW of Selling r. station, and 4¼ S by W of Faversham. Post town, Badlesmere, under Faversham. Acres, 372. Real property, £685. Pop., 94. Houses, 23. The property is divided among a few. The manor and much of the land belong to Lord Sondes. The living is a rectory, annexed to the rectory of Badlesmere, in the diocese of Canterbury. The church has a wooden turret, and is good.
The name Leaveland comes from the Old English \'\"land\' meaning \"land, an estate\", this is linked with a warlords name; so \"Leofas land\". This is one of the main reasons for the dominance of agricultural practices which take place here.
Leaveland is mentioned in the Domesday book as \"Levant\", in the hundred of Faversham. There was a total population of 3 households, and 1 unchanged tax units, with 2 villagers, with 1 small holder. There is 1 lords plough team, and 1 men\'s plough team and other resources include a woodland 5 swine render. The overlord in 1066 was Archbishop of Canterbury, and the value of the area to the lord in 1070 was £1.5.
### St Laurence Church {#st_laurence_church}
St Laurence Church is the parish church (dedicated to Saint Laurence) and a Grade II listed building. Its described as \"delightfully small, simple and still\". The church was built and consecrated in 1222, and was restored in the 18th century with the addition of a vestry. It is located on the eastern side of the parish, with the court-lodge near. It was described by Edward Hasted in 1798 as a \"small mean building, consisting of one isle and a chancel, with a low pointed wooden current on it\".
The church combines with St Leonard\'s, Badlesmere, forming one parish. Both are open everyday, and frequently used for prayer by walk-ins as well as regulars. Holy Communions are held every first and third Sunday of the month. They combine to hold many occasions each year too, this includes flower festivals, chilli festivals, concerts, lunches, and outdoor activities.
| 590 |
Leaveland
| 0 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.