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# Aristotle's Masterpiece
## History
After Culpeper\'s *Directory for Midwives* was published in 1651, other writers and booksellers sought to emulate its great success. *Aristotle\'s Masterpiece* was among the two dozen works in the genre which were published in the following decades. This was in sharp contrast to the three titles which had been published on the subject in the previous century. Aimed at a vernacular audience, *Aristotle's Masterpiece* was accessible to a range of readers. As a result, it was probably the most widely reprinted book on a medical subject in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.
### Reasons for attribution to Aristotle {#reasons_for_attribution_to_aristotle}
The title of the work was possibly chosen because many people saw Aristotle as a sex expert in early modern England. Another popular pseudo-Aristotelian text which covered sex and reproduction, *Aristotle\'s Problems* (1595), was responsible for this reputation. The real Aristotle also wrote works about the reproduction of animals (such as *History of Animals* and *Generation of Animals*) and many people considered him an authority on scientific matters in general so "\[a\]ttributing the work to Aristotle \[gave\] it a claim to respectability, authority, and ancient pedigree.\"
### Publication context {#publication_context}
Ideas about biology and the human body were very different in 1651 than they are in the twenty-first century. One important figure who shaped ideas of the time was Galen, who developed humoral theory also known as humorism (an ancient theory that bodily fluids controlled health and temperament) or Galenic theory. Many people (including medical practitioners) used this theory to explain a number of maladies and bodily functions, as well as differences between the sexes. Galen explained that, because of the different balances of the humors (blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile), women were generally "colder and wetter" and men were generally "hotter and dryer.\" Also, medical experts following Galen believed that women's bodies were the inverse of men's. They "described the uterus as an inverted penis, and the ovaries as female testicles that remained inside the body because the female lacked sufficient heat to push them out.\"
Aristotle's ideas, similar to Galen's in some respects, were also influential at this time. Aristotle used the male body as the standard. In the *Generation of Animals*, Aristotle argues that "the female is, as it were, a deformed male." In the same work, he also explained that "men were superior \[to women\], and since nature created everything for a purpose -- a *telos* -- men must provide the important parts in procreation.\"
The influence of Galenic and Aristotelian ideas can be seen in many sex manuals and midwifery books from the period, including those that had a direct impact on *Aristotle's Masterpiece*. For example, Levinus Lemnius' text *The Secret Miracles of Nature* (first published in 1551) states that "a woman's mind is not so strong as a man's, nor is she so full of understanding and reason and judgement, and upon every small occasion she casts off the bridle of reason.\" Similar ideas can be found in the works of women writers as well. One example is Jane Sharpe\'s 1671 *Midwives Book* -- the only book on midwifery to be published by a woman before the start of the eighteenth century. Sharpe writes that "a woman is not so perfect as a man, because her heat is weaker, but the man can do nothing without the woman to beget children.\" Yet Sharpe's book also reflected more contemporary ideas, such as her argument that "shame \[is\] an impediment to gaining the knowledge that \[aids\] women in leading healthy reproductive lives."
Whether despite or because of a belief in women's inferior status, the practice of midwifery was governed almost entirely by women when *Aristotle's Masterpiece* was first published -- but this was starting to change. In the past, "\[c\]hildbirth was a largely female affair" -- not even the husband or male physicians were present unless the mother, child, or both were dead or dying. This meant that a male physician's presence was generally "dreaded" during a birth. Yet "\[m\]ale medical writers \[took\] increasing interest in gynecological issues" and their "greater access to learned medicine and Latin texts gave them increasing authority over conditions that afflicted women." Men also began to write more about obstetrics and they started to develop tools, such as forceps, to help them during deliveries. Although male physicians and "educated urban female midwives \[...\] both read the same books and had the same concepts of anatomy and the birth process," women were not allowed to use the tools developed to help during births and they were "excluded" from the "dissections and anatomical classes" that improved male physicians' training. In the seventeenth century, male midwives were popularized among wealthier families in France and, by the eighteenth century, they became popular in England. This change was accomplished through "a process of professionalization in which male practitioners asserted their authority over midwifery by virtue of their formal medical training." It was also affirmed by an influx of new midwifery texts authored by men.
While male midwives were increasing in popularity, many people were forced to deal with concerns about the propriety of men practicing obstetrics and gynecology. To support this expansion of their role, male medical practitioners worked to downplay any ideas of women's sexual pleasure within their medical texts. As time went on, new medical texts began to depict only fragmented images of women and their bodies alongside medical information. Similarly, obstetrical machines, which were used to train male midwives, consisted of "a torso with the legs amputated at the knees.\" This allowed male medical professionals a strong argument against any accusations of sexual impropriety.
Yet twenty-first century historians argue that male midwives' efforts at increasing their acceptability had some unintended consequences. Because their efforts coincided with the English economy's transformation \"into a commercial and financial powerhouse,\" scholars such as Mary E. Fissell argue that contemporary popular literature and vernacular medical books, including *Aristotle's Masterpiece*, depict "\[s\]exual relations \[...\] as market relations, with men as active purchasers and women as the passive objects of consumption. The idea of women's bodies as commodities was therefore reinforced and propagated in a nation increasingly driven by its economy.
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# Aristotle's Masterpiece
## Reception and legacy {#reception_and_legacy}
*Aristotle's Masterpiece* remained popular into the 19th century -- more than a century after its initial publication. Published before concerns were raised about the sexual propriety of male midwives, the text did not change to fit new societal standards. After it was first published, "\[i\]t quickly became the most popular English-language guide to sexuality, conception, pregnancy, and childbirth." As a result, the book that highlighted sexual pleasure to the extent that it once "proved to be so titillating \[...\] it caused trouble in at least one respectable town\" continued to be published alongside more conservative texts for decades.
Additionally, as a book initially published and popularized in England, it was easily able to travel to England's American colonies. Thus, *Aristotle's Masterpiece* "has the distinction of being one of the few books read by colonial Americans that was still printed and sold to a general audience in the twentieth century.\"
Lastly, despite any misconceptions of biology and anatomy it contained, the advice *Aristotle's Masterpiece* provided "was both more accurate and less harmful" than that given in many of its Victorian-era counterparts. Consequently, scholars such as Vern L. Bullough argue that "the writers of *Aristotle's Masterpiece* were harbingers of a new age of sexual freedom
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# California Indian Song
The **California Indian Song** was a school fight song of the University of California, Berkeley, written by Harold Bingham in 1907 celebrating the rivalry between the California Golden Bears and the Stanford Cardinal. At that time, the mascot of Stanford University was the Stanford Indian, but the mascot was abandoned in 1972 because it was considered offensive. The California Indian Song was also abandoned, but has recently found a new fan base among Golden Bears fans.
The song was played by the Cal Band at athletic events or rallies against Stanford, but the band only played the chorus as the other verses were yelled to mimic a Native American war chant. In addition, the lyrics were not regularly sung at official events due to the politically insensitive themes. The \"tomahawk\" referenced in the chorus refers to the Stanford Axe.
In November 2012, the band internally decided to cease playing the song until words could be rewritten. In the Spring of 2013 the song was rechristened \"Gold and Blue\" with new lyrics
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# Jerome Alden
**Jerome Alden** (March 5, 1921 -- May 4, 1997) was an American playwright and screenwriter for television and documentary films. He was born in Portland, Oregon. He graduated from the University of Oregon. He wrote the one-man play *Bully*, about Theodore Roosevelt, and the book for the musical *Teddy & Alice*, which was also about the Roosevelt family. Both productions appeared on Broadway. Alden was married to a ballerina, Barbara Gaye, who danced in the original Broadway productions of *Annie Get Your Gun* and *Our Town*. They were the parents of opera directors Christopher Alden and David Alden
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# 1901 Boston Americans season
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^
``
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# Hausdorff density
In measure theory, a field of mathematics, the **Hausdorff density** measures how concentrated a Radon measure is at some point.
## Definition
Let $\mu$ be a Radon measure and $a\in\mathbb{R}^{n}$ some point in Euclidean space. The *s*-dimensional upper and lower Hausdorff densities are defined to be, respectively,
$$\Theta^{*s}(\mu,a)=\limsup_{r\rightarrow 0}\frac{\mu(B_{r}(a))}{r^{s}}$$ and
$$\Theta_{*}^{s}(\mu,a)=\liminf_{r\rightarrow 0}\frac{\mu(B_{r}(a))}{r^{s}}$$ where $B_{r}(a)$ is the ball of radius *r* \> 0 centered at *a*. Clearly, $\Theta_{*}^{s}(\mu,a)\leq \Theta^{*s}(\mu,a)$ for all $a\in\mathbb{R}^{n}$. In the event that the two are equal, we call their common value the **s-density** of $\mu$ at *a* and denote it $\Theta^{s}(\mu,a)$.
## Marstrand\'s theorem {#marstrands_theorem}
The following theorem states that the times when the *s*-density exists are rather seldom.
: **Marstrand\'s theorem:** Let $\mu$ be a Radon measure on $\mathbb{R}^{d}$. Suppose that the *s*-density $\Theta^{s}(\mu,a)$ exists and is positive and finite for *a* in a set of positive $\mu$ measure. Then *s* is an integer.
## Preiss\' theorem {#preiss_theorem}
In 1987 David Preiss proved a stronger version of Marstrand\'s theorem. One consequence is that sets with positive and finite density are rectifiable sets.
: **Preiss\' theorem:** Let $\mu$ be a Radon measure on $\mathbb{R}^{d}$. Suppose that *m*$\geq 1$ is an integer and the *m*-density $\Theta^{m}(\mu,a)$ exists and is positive and finite for $\mu$ almost every *a* in the support of $\mu$. Then $\mu$ is *m*-rectifiable, i.e. $\mu\ll H^{m}$ ($\mu$ is absolutely continuous with respect to Hausdorff measure $H^m$) and the support of $\mu$ is an *m*-rectifiable set
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# FK Sloboda Novi Grad
**Fudbalski klub Sloboda Novi Grad** (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Cлoбoдa Hoви Гpaд) is a football club from the town of Novi Grad, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and one of the oldest in the country. The club competes in the First League of the Republika Srpska.
## History
The club was founded in 1910 as SK Sloboda Bosanski Novi, which makes them one of the oldest football clubs in Bosnia and Herzegovina
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# FK Rudar Prijedor
**Fudbalski klub Rudar Prijedor** (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Pудаp Пpиjeдop) is a professional football club from the city of Prijedor that is situated in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Rudar plays in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the club plays its home matches on the Gradski stadion which has a capacity that can hold 6,000 spectators.
## History
### Early years {#early_years}
The first football was brought to Prijedor in 1918 by Sveto Radetić, Stevan Mitrinović and Pero Čanak, who bought the ball from Austria. In 1919 the first football club was formed by the name of \"*PNK -- Prijedorski nogometni klub*\" and in 1925 renamed into \"*Slavija*\". The first official match was played against FK Sloboda Bosanski Novi, a defeat by 0--10, and it was played so the club could formally join the regional federation and start competing. In 1925 another club was formed in the town *FK Građanski*, and in 1925 the first field with stands for spectators was built.
More clubs were being formed in the decade of the 1920s. *FK Borac* was created in 1925 with its field in Lukavica, FK Rudar Ljubija in 1928 and still before the beginning of World War II, the clubs of *FK Hajduk* in Prijedor, and *FK Zmaj* from Kozarac, were formed.
The predecessor of today\'s Rudar Prijedor is **FK Rudar Ljubija** that was formed on May 3, 1928, in the mining town of Ljubija.
After the end of the war, much help for the development of football in Prijedor was provided by the local paper factory and the iron mining company \"Ljubija\" from neighbouring Ljubija. The clubs of *Grmeč*, *Željezničar*, *Jedinstvo* and *Mladost* were formed. In 1954 *FK Celuloza* was formed, followed by the merger with Mladost and its renaming into *FK Radnički* in 1958. FK Željezničar merged with FK Radnički, forming OFK Prijedor in 1965. During the following decades great cooperation existed between OFK Prijedor and FK Rudar Ljubić, resulting in a merger between these two clubs in 2005 and subsequent creation of today\'s FK Rudar Prijedor.
The first official match that Rudar Ljubija played was against local Hajduk in 1929. The match ended with a 2--1 victory for Rudar, and the players in that match were Branko Bjekić, Sadik Burazerović, Milan Prerad, Ivan Sedlaček, Toni Hribar, Drago Nedić, Poldek Mastinjak, Jovo Gvozden, Tone Vikić, Josip Brečević and Božidar Veslić. Among the best players from that early period are also worth mentioning: Ivica Sedlaček, Božo Jelisić and Nikola Lukić.
FK Rudar Ljubija established close ties with many other working-class clubs, especially from the region of Bosnian Krajina, but even further, with clubs as: FK Borac Banja Luka, FK Mladost Prijedor, NK Jedinstvo Bihać, FK Sloboda Bosanski Novi, FK Borac Drvar, FK Borac Bosanska Dubica, FK Velež Mostar, RNK Split, FK Borac Čačak, FK Radnički Kragujevac, among others.
The club didn\'t compete during the economic crisis between 1931 and 1933 when the mine was almost shut down, with many miners being left without work and in hard living conditions. The economic situation was only improved by 1934 and 1935, and the first match after this economic depression was played July 26, 1936 against FK Zmaj from Kozarci, a win 6--1. In this period it is worthwhile to mention the special contribution and financial support provided to the club and its players by Mr. Dr. Mladen Stojanović, a longtime mdoctor in the mine, a humanist and afterwards a leader of the Partisans from Kozara during WWII. Most players participated in the miners strike in August and September 1940. With the beginning of the war, the club ceased its activities, and most of the club staff joined the partisans in their war against the invading Axis powers, many having lost their lives during the war.
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# FK Rudar Prijedor
## History
### (1945--1992)
The region of Ljubija and Prijedor was liberated on September 7, 1944, and the first match was played in July 1945 against Partisans unit team. During 1945 and 1946 many friendly matches were played, and those served as a base for the new Rudar team that would compete in the post-war Yugoslavia. In 1947 Rudar joined the Association of Banja Luka. In 1948 a new stadium was built, and in that same year the club started competing in the Yugoslav Cup.
The first success was achieved in 1952 when the club qualified to the regional Bosnia and Herzegovina republic League. A decade later, in 1962, the club achieved further promotion, but it was only in 1967, and after three unsuccessful attempts, that Rudar managed to achieve promotion to the national rang, and qualify to the Yugoslav Second League group West. To achieve this the club had to win NK Slaven Živinice and NK GOŠK Dubrovnik. The players that made this possible were: Izetagić, Bevandić, Baškot, Mustedanagić, Miljević, Radinović, Dervić, Bećarević, Bekan, Porobić and Gombović.
In this period the mining activity was having a major growth, with new mines being opened in other parts of Prijedor\'s municipality. Prijedor had become the center of production of iron mining, and the direction of the mines moved into the town in 1967. The club also followed, and the direction moved as well to Prijedor, where a new and bigger stadium was available for the club that was now competing at national level and had a growing mass of supporters.
In 1970 Rudar reached the 1/16 final of the Yugoslav Cup playing in its first ever TV-transmitted match, against top league OFK Belgrade. Rudar lost 0--2 and the players that played that match were: Janković, Omerbašić, Porobić, Talić, Milijević, Okanović, Ličina, Damjanović, Torić, Bevandić i Gombović.
In the season 1970/71 Rudar qualified for the knock-out stage for the qualifications for the Yugoslav First League. The opponent was FK Spartak Subotica. In Subotica Rudar displayed a strong exhibition, ending the match with a 2--2 draw. The second hand match played in Prijedor in front of a 10,000 spectators crowd, the team aware of the importance of the match has tremble and ended up losing by 1--3. In this generation are found players like: Janković, Hidić, Vukelja, A. Bašić, Porobić, Škondro, Gombović, Vidović, Ličina, Mandić, Bevandić, Damjanović and Crnkić. The coach was Radoslav Zubanović.
The defeat against Spartak had obvious consequences, and the club finished bottom of the league in 1971/72 and returned to regional republic league. However, in 1974 the club reached the 1/4 finals of the Yugoslav Cup. In 1976 the club returned to the Yugoslav Second League group West, finishing 13th, in 1977/78 was 6th but in 1978/79 was relegated. In December 1979 an entire generation of footballers that provided much success for the club played their fairway match Miroslav Janković, Ivo Baškarada, Omer Bašić, Kemal Porobić, Ante Gombović, Nikola Bevandić, Simo Damjanović, Slobodan Ličina, Aki Bašić, Emsud Ramulić and Ibrahim Okanović-Špico.
In 1981 the club was even further relegated, and the recovery only began in 1983. In the season 1983/84 Rudar returned to the Second League, and the players that earned this promotion were: Sead Rešić, Vitomir Samardžija, Muhamed Cerić, Sabid Sadiković, Vinko Škondro, Mladen Parhamov, Vinko Samardžija, Goran Pekija, Zoran Vuković, Mirzet Bejzurić, Zlatko Abdulović, Fahrudin Bihorac, Edin Begović, Mladen Ćulum, Ilija Marin, Žarko Mandić, Bajram Zgog, Novo Bešević, reserves Panić, Hrvat, Duratović, and the coach Nikola Bevandić.
In 1987/88 the club missed just one point and didn\'t qualify for the newly formed unified Yugoslav Second League by a goal difference. It achieved that in the following season, 1988/89, by finishing first in the Inter-republics League West, thus qualifying to the Second League.
In 1990 Rudar reached the semi-finals of the Yugoslav Cup, eliminating in its way two top-league clubs, FK Vardar and FK Vojvodina, and playing against another top-league club, FK Velež Mostar in the semis. The first match played in Mostar ended with a minimal 1--0 win for Velež, with the goal being scored by a disputed penalty. The second hand, played in Prijedor in front of a 6,000-spectator crowd, ended up with Rudar winning by same result, 1--0, Bijaljac being the scorer of the lone goal. In the subsequent penalty shoot-out, Velež won. The players of this last match were Rešić, Madžo, Drljača, Lukić, Bihorac, Kevrić, Mušić, substitute Karaman, Vojkić, Kaltak, substitute Zdjelar, and Bjeljac. The coach was Radoslav Zubanović.
### Recent years {#recent_years}
With the beginning of the Bosnian War and the break-up of Yugoslavia, the club ceased its activities in 1992. Even in this difficult period, the passion for football was such that the players of FK Rudar Ljubija and OFK Prijedor joined and formed FK Rudar Prijedor. With the end of the war, the club began competing again, and reached the Republika Srpska Cup final in 1995.
Since 1995 the club played 12 times in the First League of Republika Srpska and twice in the Second League. In the season 2008--09 the club finished first and qualified to the 2002-created Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The following players managed this promotion: Kondić, Despotović, Dobrijević, Muzgonja, Ilinčić, Kovačević, Brkić, Stijepić, Kantar, Golić, Kecman, Dašić and Kotoran. The coach was Darko Nestorović, the Sports Director was Mladen Zgonjanin, the President of the Direction was Branislav Rokvić, and the President of the club\'s Assembly was Božo Grbić. After the qualification to the Premier League the reconstruction of the stadium began, with the participation of the Prijedor municipality.
On 15 May 2021, Rudar got promoted back from the First League of RS to the Bosnian Premier League
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# Pyotr Subbotin-Permyak
**Pyotr Ivanovich Subbotin-Permyak** (*Пётр Ива́нович Суббо́тин-Пермя́к*, 18 November 1886 in Kudymkar -- 6 January 1923) was a Russian avant-garde painter, the professor of decorative painting. He was an author of more than 40 paintings and about 100 drawings.
## Biography
Pyotr Subbotin-Permyak was born in the city of Kudymkar, in the Solikamsky Uyezd of the Perm Governorate of the Russian Empire (now in Komi-Permyak Okrug of Perm Krai, Russia). In 1914 he finished the Stroganov Artistic and Industrial College in Moscow and lectured there till 1918. Since 1919 Subbotin-Permyak worked in Perm Governorate. He founded the artistic workshops in Perm, Kudymkar and Kungur, which became the basis of artistic education in the region. He was the first director of Perm Artistic Secondary School. Subbotin-Permyak founded the Komi-Permyak District Museum of Ethnography, which now uses his name.
In his works Subbotin-Permyak combined the traditions of Komi-Permyak folk art and the achievements of avant-garde painting of the beginning of the Twentieth Century. His works are stored in Komi-Permyak District Museum of Ethnography and Perm State Artistic Gallery.
Subbotin-Permyak died on 6 January 1923 and was buried at Yegoshikha Cemetery in Perm. In 2001 new monument was installed at his tomb.
## Gallery
Image:Pyotr Subbotin-Permyak. Voronezhskaya Baba. 1912.jpg\|A woman from Voronezh. 1912. Image:Pyotr Subbotin-Permyak. Down the river (1918).jpg\|Down the river. 1918. Image:Pyotr Subbotin-Permyak. Worker (1921).jpg\|Worker. 1921. Image:Pyotr Subbotin-Permyak. Still life with rolls and tea-things (1921).jpg\|Still life with rolls and tea-things. 1921
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# Charlot Kaské
**Charlot Kaské** (fl. 1763--1765) was a Shawnee war chief during Pontiac\'s War. Kaské\'s personal details were unusual for a Shawnee chief: he was a Catholic, his father was German, and his wife was an English captive brought up among the Shawnees.
Kaské initially participated in the war, which was an effort to prevent the British from occupying the Illinois Country, as an ally of Pontiac. As the war progressed and went badly for the American Indians, Pontiac began to negotiate with the British. Kaské remained firmly anti-British, however, and eventually left British territory by crossing the Mississippi River with other French and Indian refugees rather than accept British rule
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# Spenazuma, Arizona
**Spenazuma** was a short-lived mining town, now a ghost town, in Graham County, Arizona, United States. The townsite is now privately owned, and the site of a working ranch.
## History
The town of Spenazuma was part of an elaborate swindle by an east coast con man, Richard C. Flower, to sell shares in the Spenazuma Mining Company. In 1898, Flower bought some nearby mining claims, laid out the townsite of Spenazuma, and sold shares in eastern states on the pretense that the Spenazuma Mining Company owned gold mines of immense value. Several trainloads of eastern investors were brought to Spenazuma to sustain the illusion.
It is unclear how large the mining town was during its brief life, although friendly newspaper accounts credit it with several stores and businesses, and regular stagecoach service to the railroad station at Geronimo, Arizona.
The swindle collapsed after an investigation by *Arizona Republican* reporter George Smalley in 1899. The town was quickly deserted. Flower ostensibly dropped out of the company management, although the remaining management immediately started another mining swindle at Aura, Arizona, now also a ghost town.
## Geography
The townsite is at 32 57 17 N 110 11 44 W type:city, at an elevation of 3840 feet above sea level
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# The DL Chronicles
***The DL Chronicles*** is a gay-themed television series that debuted on American LGBT station here! in 2007 for one season that consisted of four episodes. It was revived in 2012 as \"The DL Chronicles Returns\".
## Overview
The show\'s debut season focused on the stories of men who live secret lives. From a highly successful executive to the street corner hustler, from the happily married father of two, to the college athlete\'s first love, each episode, featuring a different cast, delved into the different lives and experiences of men living on the \"down low\".
Each episode features narration from Chadwick Williams (Damian Toofeek Raven), an aspiring journalist, as he pursues research while authoring a book about men who have sex with men (MSM). The series was created by filmmakers Quincy LeNear and Deondray Gossett who also serve as the producers and directors of the series.
The series has won numerous awards, including the GLAAD Media Award for Best Anthology Series in 2008. It has the added distinction of being both the first African American themed show and the first show produced by a cable network to win the award.
## Episodes
### Episode 1: Wes {#episode_1_wes}
Wes Thomas (Darren Schnase), an upwardly mobile real-estate banker, soon finds himself overwhelmed by the demands of his marriage, career, and closeted attraction to men. When Wes\' sexy but ambivalent brother-in-law Trent Porter (Ty Vincent) stops in for an unexpected stay, he is faced with temptation and ultimately falls for the forbidden fruit.
Cast
:\*Damian Toofeek Raven as Chadwick Williams
:\*Darren Dupree Washington as Wes Thomas (credited as Darren Schnase)
:\*Jessica Beshir as Sarah Thomas
:\*Ty Vincent as Trent Porter
:\*Maya Gilbert as Patricia Buford
:\*R.J. Black as Charles Buford II
:\*Holly Karrol Clark as Tanya Dubois
:\*Phil Selvey as Rodney Dubois
### Episode 2: Robert {#episode_2_robert}
Robert, a closeted talent agent (Terrell Tilford) falls for a much younger health food store manager named Austin (Kareem Ferguson). What Robert fails to share is that he has a daughter, Rhonda Hall (Toyin Moses) who doesn\'t know that her father is gay. While on a daddy/daughter date they run into Austin who pretends to be Robert\'s client. Rhonda is no fool. She goes to the health store and confronts Austin. He tells her the truth about the nature of their relationship. Robert blames Austin for outing him. Their relationship ends after Robert slings homophobic slurs at Austin. Robert and his daughter sit down for a long overdue discussion and eventually he receives his daughter\'s understanding. He realizes that ending his relationship with Austin was a huge mistake. With honest and touching words, he wins Austin back.
Cast
:\*Damian Toofeek Raven as Chadwick Williams
:\*Terrell Tilford as Robert Hall
:\*Kareem Ferguson as Austin
:\*Toyin Moses as Rhonda Hall
:\*Sheilynn Wactor as Shirley
:\*Jason Stuart as Sassy Customer
:\*Karamo Brown as Agent #1
:\*Paul Jerome as Agent #2 (credited as Paul Eric Jerome)
:\*Ty Vincent as Trent Porter (in a photo)
### Episode 3: Boo {#episode_3_boo}
Boo (Oneil Cespedes) is an ex-convict, a mooch, and a player who lives his life on the DL. His girlfriend Kesha (Latoya Haynes) is fed up with Boo\'s cheating and kicks him to the curb. Boo\'s mother (Irene Amen) tells him it\'s time to settle down, but Boo is unfazed and continues having sex with multiple partners, including an unprotected romp with Deron (Anthony Clark), his neighborhood friend. But when shocking news rattles Boo, he is forced to reconsider his reckless life on the DL.
Cast
:\*Damian Toofeek Raven as Chadwick Williams
:\*Oneil Cespedes as Boo
:\*Latoya Haynes as Keisha
:\*Anthony Clark as Deron
:\*Irene Amen as Mama
:\*Sheilynn Wactor as Shirley
:\*Clifton Morris as Tony
:\*T. Ashanti Mozelle as Jesse
:\*Brandon McKinnie as Kyle
:\*Cherie Price as Nikka
:\*Shawn Palm as Naked Man
:\*Sydelle Noel as Other Woman (credited as Sydelle Granger)
### Episode 4: Mark {#episode_4_mark}
Mark (Ulrich Que) and Donte (Colbert Alembert), a loving couple who have been living on the DL, are jolted by the unexpected arrival of Mark's thuggish cousin, Terrell (Ace Gibson), who shows up at their house needing a place to crash. Desperate to keep their relationship a secret, Mark asks his boyfriend to pretend he\'s straight. When Dante reluctantly agrees to play the part of Mark\'s \"roommate\" for their new houseguest, a chain of humorous events unfolds, and Mark eventually comes to realize the ridiculous nature of living on the DL in their own home.
Cast
:\*Damian Toofeek Raven as Chadwick Williams
:\*Ulrich Que as Mark Watts
:\*Colbert Alembert as Donte
:\*Ace Gibson as Terrell Wiggins (credited as Dee Gibson)
:\*Monte Franks as Reginald Stokes
:\*Craig Davidson as Bartender
:\*Tamiko K. Brooks as Nosey Neighbor
:\*Chuanda Mason as Pretty woman in bar
:\*T. Ashanti Mozelle as Jesse
## 2012 Revival (The DL Chronicles Returns) {#revival_the_dl_chronicles_returns}
### Episode 5: Thomas {#episode_5_thomas}
Thomas, a former New York City firefighter, falls in love with a stranger who unexpectedly comes into his life to assist him after facing a tragic event
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# Takal
**Takal** is the biggest village in Choha Khalsa Union Council of Kallar Syedan Tehsil, Rawalpindi District of Punjab, Pakistan. Nearby towns include Bewal and Choha Khalsa. The village named after a Sikh -- Tikka Lal Singh. It is located about 15 km from Kallar Syedan, towards the Jhelum River
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# Education in ancient Rome
**Education in ancient Rome** progressed from an informal, familial system of education in the early Republic to a tuition-based system during the late Republic and the Empire. The Roman education system was based on the Greek system -- and many of the private tutors in the Roman system were enslaved Greeks or freedmen. The educational methodology and curriculum used in Rome was copied in its provinces and provided a basis for education systems throughout later Western civilization. Organized education remained relatively rare, and there are few primary sources or accounts of the Roman educational process until the 2nd century AD. Due to the extensive power wielded by the *pater familias* over Roman families, the level and quality of education provided to Roman children varied drastically from family to family; nevertheless, Roman popular morality came eventually to expect fathers to have their children educated to some extent, and a complete advanced education was expected of any Roman who wished to enter politics.
## Education during the Empire {#education_during_the_empire}
At the height of the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire, the Roman system of education gradually found its final form. Formal schools were established, which serviced paying students; very little that could be described as free public education existed. Both boys and girls were educated, though not necessarily together.
In a system much like the one that predominates in the modern world, the Roman education system developed arranged schools in tiers. The educator Quintilian recognized the importance of starting education as early as possible, noting that \"memory ... not only exists even in small children but is specially retentive at that age\". A Roman student would progress through schools just as a student today might go from primary school to secondary school and then to college. They were generally exempted from studies during the market days which formed a kind of weekend every eight days. Progression depended more on ability than age, with great emphasis being placed upon a student\'s *ingenium* or inborn \"gift\" for learning, and a more tacit emphasis on a student\'s ability to afford high-level education.
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# Education in ancient Rome
## Influences
Prior to the 3rd century BC, the Roman system of education was closely bound to the Roman social institution of *patria potestas*, in which the father acted as head of the household (*pater familias*), and had, according to law, the absolute right of control over his children. It was the father\'s duty to educate his children and should he be unable to fulfil this duty, the task was assumed by other family members. It was not until 272 BC with the capture of Tarentum, the annexation of Sicily in 241 BC, and the period following the First Punic War that Romans were exposed to a strong influence of Greek thought and lifestyle and found leisure to study the arts.
In the 3rd century BC, a Greek captive from Tarentum named Livius Andronicus was sold as a slave and employed as a tutor for his master\'s children. After obtaining his freedom, he continued to live in Rome and became the first schoolmaster (private tutor) to follow Greek methods of education and would translate Homer\'s *Odyssey* into Latin verse in Saturnian meter.
As Rome grew in size and in power, following the Punic Wars, the importance of the family as the central unit within Roman society began to deteriorate, and with this decline, the old Roman system of education carried out by the *pater familias* deteriorated as well. The new educational system began to center more on the one encountered by the Romans with the prominent Greek and Hellenistic centers of learning such as Alexandria later on. It was becoming a literary educational system.
The situation of the Greeks was ideal for the foundation of literary education as they were the possessors of the great works of Homer, Hesiod, and the Lyric poets of Archaic Greece. The absence of a literary method of education from Roman life was due to the fact that Rome was bereft of any national literature. The military arts were all that Rome could afford to spend time studying. When not waging war, the Romans devoted what time remained to agriculture. The concern of Rome was that of survival, whether through defense or dominion. It was not until the appearance of Ennius (239--169 BC), the father of Roman poetry, that any sort of national literature surfaced.
While the Romans adopted many aspects of Greek education, two areas, in particular, were viewed as trifles: music and athletics. Music to the Greeks was fundamental to their educational system and tied directly to the Greek *paideia*. *Mousike* --- literally \'the art of the Muses\'--- was a combination of modern-day music, dance, lyrics, and poetry, comparable to today\'s liberal arts. The area that many Romans considered unimportant equates to our modern definition of music. To the Greeks, the ability to play an instrument was the mark of a civilized, educated man, and through education in all areas of *mousike,* it was thought that the soul could become more moderate and cultivated. The Romans did not share this view and considered the study of music as a path to moral corruption. However, they did adopt one area of *mousike*: Greek literature.
Athletics, to the Greeks, was the means to obtaining a healthy and beautiful body, which was an end in and of itself and further promoted their love of competition. The Romans, though, did not share this stance either, believing that athletics was only the means to maintaining good soldiers.
This illustrates one of the central differences between the two cultures and their view on education: that to the Greeks beauty or activity could be an end in itself, and the practice of that activity was beneficial accordingly. The Romans, on the other hand, tended to be more practically minded when it came to what they taught their children. To them, it would appear, an area of study was good only as far as it served a better purpose or end determined outside of itself. Also, prior to the war, they had focused more on government and politics rather than the army and military.
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# Education in ancient Rome
## Tiers of schooling {#tiers_of_schooling}
### Moral education {#moral_education}
At the foundation of ancient Greek education was an effective system of formal education, but in contrast, the Romans lacked such a system until the 3rd century BC. Instead, at the foundation of ancient Roman education was, above all else, the home and family, from which children derived their so-called \"moral education\".
Whereas Greek boys primarily received their education from the community, a Roman child\'s first and most important educators were almost always his or her parents. Parents taught their children the skills necessary for living in the early republic, which included agricultural, domestic, and military skills as well as the moral and civil responsibilities that would be expected from them as citizens. Roman education was carried on almost exclusively in the household under the direction of the *pater familias*. From the *pater familias* or highest-ranking male of the family, one usually learned \"just enough reading, writing, and Arithmetic to enable them to understand simple business transactions and to count, weigh, and measure.
Men like Cato the Elder adhered to this Roman tradition and took their roles as teachers very seriously. Cato the Elder not only made his children hardworking, good citizens and responsible Romans, but \"he was his (son\'s) reading teacher, his law professor, his athletic coach. He taught his son not only to hurl a javelin, to fight in armor, and to ride a horse, but also to box, to endure both heat and cold, and to swim well\".
Job training was also emphasized, and boys gained valuable experience through apprenticeships. Mothers, though, cannot be overlooked for their roles as moral educators and character builders of their children. Cornelia Africana, the mother of the Gracchi, is even credited as a major cause of her sons\' renowned eloquence.
Perhaps the most important role of the parents in their children\'s education was to instil in them a respect for tradition and a firm comprehension of *pietas*, or devotion to duty. For a boy, this meant devotion to the state, and for a girl, devotion to her husband and family. As the Roman Republic transitioned into a more formal education, parents began to hire teachers for this level of advanced academic training. For this, \"the Romans began to bring Greek slaves to Rome\" to further enrich their children\'s knowledge and potential; yet, Romans still always cherished the tradition of *pietas* and the ideal of the father as his child\'s teacher.
### Ludus
Rome as a republic or an empire never formally instituted a state-sponsored form of elementary education. In no stage of its history did Rome ever legally require its people to be educated on any level.
It was typical for Roman children of wealthy families to receive their early education from private tutors. However, it was common for children of more humble means to be instructed in a primary school, traditionally known as a *ludus litterarius*. An instructor in such a school was often known as a *litterator* or *litteratus*, which was seen as a more respectable title. There was nothing stopping a *litterator* from setting up his own school, aside from his meager wages. There were never any established locations for a *ludus litterarius*. They could be found in a variety of places, anywhere from a private residence to a gymnasium, or even in the street.
Typically, elementary education in the Roman world focused on the requirements of everyday life, reading and writing. The students would progress up from reading and writing letters, to syllables, to word lists, eventually memorizing and dictating texts. The majority of the texts used in early Roman education were literature, predominantly poetry. Greek poets, such as Homer and Hesiod, were frequently used as classroom examples due to the lack of Roman literature. Roman students were expected to work on their own. There was little sense of a class as a cohesive unit, exemplified by students coming and going at different times throughout the day. Young Roman students faced no formal examinations or tests. Their performance was measured through exercises that were either corrected or applauded based on performance. This created an unavoidable sense of competition amongst students.
Using a competitive educational system, Romans developed a form of social control that allowed elites to maintain class stability. This, along with the obvious monetary expenses, prevented the majority of Roman students from advancing to higher levels of education.
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# Education in ancient Rome
## Tiers of schooling {#tiers_of_schooling}
### Grammaticus
At between nine and twelve years of age, boys from affluent families would leave their *litterator* behind and take up study with a *grammaticus*, who honed his students\' writing and speaking skills, versed them in the art of poetic analysis, and taught them Greek if they did not yet know it. Poetry analysis continued to use the same poems and poets the students were exposed to in *ludus*, such as *Phoenissae* by Euripides. By this point, lower-class boys would already be working as apprentices, and girls --- rich or poor --- would be focused on making themselves attractive brides and, subsequently, capable mothers.
Daily activities included lectures by the *grammaticus* (*narratio*), expressive reading of poetry (*lectio*) and the analysis of poetry (*partitio*). The curriculum was thoroughly bilingual, as students were expected to both read and speak in Greek as well as in Latin. Assessment of a student\'s performance was done on-the-spot and on-the-fly according to standards set by his particular *grammaticus*, as no source on Roman education ever mentions work taken away to be graded. Instead, pupils would complete an exercise, display their results, and be corrected or congratulated as needed by the *grammaticus*, who reveled in his self-perception as a \"guardian of language\".
Famous *grammatici* include Lucius Orbilius Pupillus, who still serves as the quintessential pedagogue that is not afraid to flog or whip his students to drive a point home, and the freedman Marcus Verrius Flaccus, who gained imperial patronage and a widespread tutelage due to his novel practice of pitting students of similar age and ability against each other and rewarding the winner with a prize, usually an old book of some rarity.
Even at the height of his career, Verrius Flaccus, whose prestige allowed him to charge enormous fees and be hired by Augustus to teach his grandsons, never had his own schoolroom. Instead, he, like many of his fellow teachers, shared space at privately financed schools, which were dependent on (usually very low) tuition fees, and rented classroom space wherever they could find it. Other teachers sidestepped rent and lighting costs by convening their classes on pavements, colonnades, or in other public spaces, where traffic noise, street crowds, and bad weather posed problems.
Though both literary and documentary sources interchange the various titles for a teacher and often use the most general of terms as a catch-all, a price edict issued by Diocletian in AD 301 proves that such distinctions did in fact exist and that a *litterator*, *grammaticus* or *rhetor*, at least in theory, had to define himself as such. This Edict on Maximum Prices fixed the salary of a *grammaticus* at 200 denarii per pupil per month, though the edict was unenforceable, ignored, and eventually repealed.
Children continued their studies with the *grammaticus* until the age of fourteen or fifteen, at which point only the wealthiest and most promising students matriculated with a *rhetor*.
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# Education in ancient Rome
## Tiers of schooling {#tiers_of_schooling}
### Rhetor
The *rhetor* was the final stage in Roman education. Very few boys went on to study rhetoric. Early on in Roman history, it may have been the only way to train as a lawyer or politician.
In early Roman times, rhetoric studies were not taught exclusively through a teacher, but were learned through a student\'s careful observation of his elders. The practice of rhetoric was created by the Greeks before it became an institution in Roman society, and it took a long time for it to gain acceptance in Rome.
The orator, or student of rhetoric, was important in Roman society because of the constant political strife that occurred throughout Roman history. Young men who studied under a rhetor would not only focus on public speaking. These students also learned other subjects such as geography, music, philosophy, literature, mythology, and geometry. These well-rounded studies gave Roman orators a more diverse education and helped prepare them for future debates.
Unlike other forms of Roman education, there is not much evidence to show that the rhetor level was available to be pursued in organized school. Because of this lack of evidence, it is assumed that the education was done through the previously mentioned private tutors. These tutors had an enormous impact on the opinions and actions of their students. In fact, their influence was so great that the Roman government expelled many rhetoricians and philosophers in 161 BC.
There were two fields of oratory study that were available for young men. The first of these fields was the deliberative branch of study. This field was for the training of young men who would later need to urge the \"advisability or inadvisability\" of measures affecting the Roman Senate. The second field of study was much more lucrative and was known as a judicial oratory. These orators would later enter into fields such as criminal law, which was important in gaining a public following. The support of the public was necessary for a successful political career in Rome.
Later in Roman history, the practice of declamation became focused more on the art of delivery as opposed to training to speak on important issues in the courts. Tacitus pointed out that during his day (the second half of the 1st century AD), students had begun to lose sight of legal disputes and had started to focus more of their training on the art of storytelling.
### Philosophy
A final level of education was philosophical study. The study of philosophy is distinctly Greek, but was undertaken by many Roman students. To study philosophy, a student would have to go to a center of philosophy where philosophers taught, usually abroad in Greece. An understanding of a philosophical school of thought could have done much to add to Cicero\'s vaunted knowledge of \'that which is great\', but could be pursued by the very wealthiest of Rome\'s elite. Romans regarded philosophical education as distinctly Greek and instead focused their efforts on building schools of law and rhetoric
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# Kantoku
was a `{{nihongo|[[Japanese era name]]|年号|''nengō''|lit. "year name"}}`{=mediawiki} after *Chōkyū* and before *Eishō*, This period spanned the years from November 1044 through April 1046. The reigning emperors were `{{nihongo|[[Go-Suzaku]]''-tennō''|後朱雀天皇}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{nihongo|[[Emperor Go-Reizei of Japan|Go-Reizei]]''-tennō''|後冷泉天皇}}`{=mediawiki}.
## Change of era {#change_of_era}
- **1044** `{{nihongo|''Kantoku gannen''|寛徳元年|}}`{=mediawiki}: The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in *Chokyu* 5, on the 24th day of the 11th month of 1044.
## Events of the *Kantoku* era {#events_of_the_kantoku_era}
- **1045** (*Kantoku 2, 16th day of the 1st month*): Emperor Go-Suzaku abdicated; and his eldest son received the succession (*senso*) on the same day. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Go-Reizei formally accedes to the throne (*sokui*). The following year, the era name is changed to mark the beginning of Go-Reizei\'s reign.
- **1045** (*Kantoku 2, 18th day in the 1st month*): Go-Suzaku died at the age of 37
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# Manila Chinese Cemetery
The **Manila Chinese Cemetery** (`{{zh|t=華僑義山|s=华侨义山|p=Huáqiáo Yìshān|poj=Hôa-kiâo Gī-san|l=[[Chinese Filipino|Overseas Chinese]] Cemetery}}`{=mediawiki}; *Cementerío chino de Manila*) is the second oldest cemetery in Manila after La Loma Cemetery. The cemetery includes Christian, Buddhist and Taoist burials. The present-day cemetery is a vaguely trapezoidal area of about 54 ha with an irregular network of roads its old pre-war part along Rizal Avenue Extension, reflecting its gradual evolution and expansion. Meanwhile, the post-war portion has three major roads bisected by minor roads, aligned northwest to southeast. Matandang Sora, coming from the main entrance in Felix Huertas going towards Chong Hock Temple, is the main road today. Before the Pacific War the main entrances faced Avenida Rizal. This northwestern is the oldest and most historically significant part of the cemetery. The cemetery was witness to many executions during World War II. Among them were Girl Scouts organizer Josefa Llanes Escoda, Filipino Brigadier General and hero during World War II and Boy Scouts of the Philippines charter member Vicente Lim, literary geniuses Liling Roces and Manuel Arguilla, star athlete-turned-guerrilla spy Virgilio Lobregat, and Chinese Consul General Yang Guangsheng. Apolinario Mabini was also buried in the cemetery before his remains were transferred to Batangas on July 23, 1956.
## History
Prior to the establishment of the Manila Chinese Cemetery, Chinese who observed Buddhism had their burial grounds on a hill slope in Bangkusay, Tondo, near San Lazaro Hospital. In 1843, the Governor-General authorized the Chinese to establish a cemetery in La Loma. It was founded by Lim Ong and Carlos L. Palanca (Tan Quien-Sien) in the 1850s. It was also enlarged on its present site in 1863 when Ong, the *gobernadorcillo* (mayor) of the Chinese community in Binondo, purchased land in La Loma to provide a decent burial ground for Catholic and non-Catholic Chinese. It would also cater outcasts of society (like those that died from contagious diseases and people who are political enemies of the Spanish Crown) excluded from the nearby La Loma Cemetery\'s consecrated grounds. It was also later expanded in 1878 by Don Mariano Fernando Yu Chingco, a subsequent *gobernadorcillo*, when he bought land worth {{₱\|14,000}} to expand the cemetery from the Dominican Provincial which used to own the Hacienda de La Loma from which the cemetery was built. This cemetery catered the poor Chinese who could not afford to return to China to bury or send their dead.
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# Manila Chinese Cemetery
## Temples and memorials {#temples_and_memorials}
### Chong Hock Tong Temple {#chong_hock_tong_temple}
Built in 1878, the **Chong Hock Tong Temple** (`{{zh|c=崇福堂|p=Chóngfútáng|poj=Chông-hok-tông}}`{=mediawiki}), prior to its demolition in 2015, was the oldest pre-War Chinese memorial temple in Manila. Its architecture was reminiscent of (but not as elaborate as) southern Fujian temples, as well as those in Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, & Taiwan, with their colorful friezes and uniquely upturned eaves; a unique feature were its lateral belfries appended at each end, an obvious Christian influence.
Its demolition on March 15, 2015, by the cemetery\'s management body Philippine Chinese Charitable Association (PCCA), supposedly due to termite damage, was denounced by heritage conservationists as a violation of R.A. 10066 (National Heritage Act of 2009), despite not being declared by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) as a historical landmark. The PCCA countered, claiming that the temple was on private property.
Supposedly the temple was to be rebuilt in a similar manner by a team of Taiwanese craftsmen & artisans, but was actually reconstructed as an all-stone edifice by mainland Chinese builders, which was then unveiled in a ceremony on June 14, 2017.
It is the only Chinese memorial temple to simultaneously host Taoist, Buddhist, & Christian services, the three major religious beliefs of the Filipino Chinese community. A unique feature that reflects this religious syncretism is the main altar laden with figures of the crucified Christ, the Virgin Mary, Catholic saints, Taoist Deities, Lord Buddha, Amitabha & prominent Buddhist Bodhisattvas (such as Guanyin, Mahāsthāmaprāpta, & Kṣitigarbha).
### Liat See Tong Hall {#liat_see_tong_hall}
**Liat See Tong Temple** (`{{zh|c=烈士堂|p=Lièshìtáng|poj=Lia̍t-sǐ-tông|l=Martyrs Hall}}`{=mediawiki}) was built in the early 1950s in honor of the 10 Chinese community leaders who were executed by the Japanese during World War II.
Due to heightened anti-Japanese sentiment among the Chinese stemming from the Second Sino-Japanese War (preceded in 1931 by the Mukden Incident & the immediate Japanese invasion of Manchuria), the Japanese were wary of the potential trouble the Chinese might cause; as soon as Japan invaded the Philippines, one of their first activities after occupation was the rounding up & subsequent execution of prominent Chinese community leaders.
Above the entrance beam is the dedicatory quote, \"*May their noble spirits ever endure***\"** (`{{zh|t=浩氣長存|s=浩气长存|p=Hàoqì chángcún|poj=Hōⁿ-khì tiông-chûn}}`{=mediawiki}).
### Kong Tek Tong Hall {#kong_tek_tong_hall}
**Kong Tek Tong Hall** (`{{zh|c=功德堂|p=Gōngdétáng|poj=Kong-tek-tông}}`{=mediawiki}) serves as a columbarium for less-affluent burials. Their services extend to the cemetery\'s perimeter wall niches, where usage is free of charge.
### Carlos L. Palanca Memorial {#carlos_l._palanca_memorial}
Located in front of Chong Hock Tong Temple, to which he is credited for financing its construction, the **Carlos Palanca Memorial** honors Carlos L. Palanca, Born June 06, 1844 (Tan Quien-Sien) (`{{zh|t=陳謙善|s=陈谦善|p=Chén Qiānshàn|poj=Tân Khiam-Siān}}`{=mediawiki}), illustrious 19th-century Chinese community leader and businessman. It was through his efforts as *gobernadorcillo* that the cemetery & Chong Hock Tong Temple were built; as only baptized Catholics were permitted burial in the city cemeteries (like the nearby La Loma Cemetery), the need arose for the non-Christian Chinese (termed by the Spanish authorities as *Chino infieles*, \"infidel Chinese\") to have their own cemetery.
### Cemetery Renovation Memorial {#cemetery_renovation_memorial}
The **Manila Chinese Cemetery Renovation Memorial** (`{{zh|t=整建華僑義山紀念碑|s=整建华侨义山纪念碑|p=Zhěngjiàn Huáqiáo Yìshān Jìniànbēi|poj=Chéng-kiàn Hôa-kiâo Gī-san Kì-liām-pi}}`{=mediawiki}) is located adjacent to the front of Liat See Tong Hall.
### Apolinario Mabini Pyramid {#apolinario_mabini_pyramid}
Located along a street named in his honor (馬美爾路), **Apolinario Mabini\'s former burial site** is marked by a triangular pyramid on a raised pedestal, symbolic of his Masonic beliefs (hence his original interment at the cemetery in 1903); and a historical marker by the NHCP (then the \"Philippine Historical Committee\") affixed in 1963. His remains were exhumed in this place and transferred to the Mausoleo de los Veteranos de la Revolución. Years later, it was reburied in his hometown at Tanauan, Batangas.
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# Manila Chinese Cemetery
## Temples and memorials {#temples_and_memorials}
### Dr. Clarence Kuangson Young Memorial {#dr._clarence_kuangson_young_memorial}
Built in 1948 by the Filipino Chinese community, the **Dr. Clarence Kuangson Young Memorial** (`{{zh|t=楊光泩總領事暨殉軄館員紀念碑|s=杨光泩总领事暨殉职馆员纪念碑|p=Yáng Guāngshēng Zǒnglǐngshì jì Xùnzhí Guǎnyuán Jìniànbēi|poj=Iông Koang-soⁿ Chóng-léng-sū kap Sūn-chit Koán-oân Kì-liām-pi|l=Consul-General Yang Guangsheng and Consulate Staff Killed in their Lines of Duty Memorial}}`{=mediawiki}) pays tribute to the martyrdom of Dr. Clarence Kuangson Young (楊光泩; August 8, 1900 -- April 17, 1942), former Consul General (1939--1942) of the Republic of China to the Philippine Islands, and his 7 consular staff members,According to the English-language plaque on the memorial, their names are:
1. Consul Muh Chieh-wen (莫介恩, 1893-17 April 1942)
2. Consul Chu Shao-peng (朱少屏, 1881-17 April 1942)
3. Consul Yao Tzu-shiu (姚竹修, 1907-17 April 1942), Attached Consul to the Manila Consulate General
4. Consul Hsiao Tong-ming (蕭東明, 1906-17 April 1942), Attached Consul to the Manila Consulate General
5. Consul Yang Ching-sho (楊慶壽, 1917-17 April 1942), Attached Consul to the Manila Consulate General
6. Chancellor Lu Ping-chih (盧秉樞, 1912-17 April 1942), and
7. Diplomatic Cadet Wang Kong-wei (王恭瑋, 1920-17 April 1942)
who refused General MacArthur\'s offers of evacuation as it was their diplomatic duty to protect the overseas (Chinese) community, and that they will not leave their posts without any authorization.
The 8 diplomats were among the first of the Chinese community to be rounded up by the Japanese authorities, and after 3 months of incarceration, continuous threats,Among the Japanese demands were:
- Allegiance to the Wang Jingwei regime for their own safety, as the Japanese recognized neither the authority of the Republic of China nor of its wartime-Chongqing Government
- Voluntary reporting of the Chinese community leaders to the concentration camps, to avoid adversarial attacks
- Recruitment within three months of all overseas Chinese (recorded from 1937 to 1941) under Japan\'s National Mobilization Law
- A ₱24 million \"donation\" from the Chinese community in support of the government\'s war effort (in response to an earlier ₱12 million donation towards the Chongqing Government)
suppression, & torture, were eventually massacred and buried within the cemetery grounds.
At the memorial base is a plaque bearing Dr. Clarence Kuangson Young\'s name, title, & calligraphy by Chiang Kai-shek bearing the elegiac couplet, \"*Allegiance towards lofty ideals***\"** (`{{zh|c=効忠成志|p=xiàozhōng chéng zhì|poj=hāu-tiong chhiâⁿ chì}}`{=mediawiki}).
### Philippine Chinese Anti-Japanese War Memorial Complex {#philippine_chinese_anti_japanese_war_memorial_complex}
Located at the corner of Consul General Young (光泩跆) & Matandang Sora Roads, the complex consists of the **Philippine Chinese Anti-Japanese War Memorial** (`{{zh|t=菲律濱華僑抗日烈士紀念碑|s=菲律滨华侨抗日烈士纪念碑|p=Fēilǜbīn Huáqiáo Kàngrì Lièshì Jìniànbēi|poj=Hui-li̍p-pin Hôa-kiâo Khòng-li̍t Lia̍t-sǐ Kì-liām-pi|l=Philippine Overseas Chinese Anti-Japan Resistance Martyrs Memorial}}`{=mediawiki}) stele built in 1979, & behind it the much larger **Philippine Chinese Anti-Japanese War Memorial Hall** (`{{zh|t=菲律濱華僑抗日紀念館|s=菲律滨华侨抗日纪念馆|p=Fēilǜbīn Huáqiáo Kàngrì Jìniànguǎn|poj=Hui-li̍p-pin Hôa-kiâo Khòng-li̍t Kì-liām-koán|l=Philippine Overseas Chinese Anti-Japan Resistance Memorial Hall}}`{=mediawiki}). These structures commemorate the combined resistance efforts of the Filipino & Chinese communities during World War II.
Two historical markers from the NHCP commemorating the Wha-Chi guerilla forces (1994 & 2005) are affixed on each side of the entrance of the Memorial Hall.
### Sun Yat-sen\'s Motto {#sun_yat_sens_motto}
Along Consul General Young Road is Sun Yat-sen\'s personal motto, \"*What is under heaven is for all***\"** (`{{zh|t=天下為公|s=天下为公|p=tiānxià wéi gōng|poj=thian-hā ûi kong|l=A public and common spirit ruled all under the sky}}`{=mediawiki}) inscribed on the street-facing rear wall of a private plot.
### Ruby Tower Memorial {#ruby_tower_memorial}
Built in 1974 and located behind Liat See Tong Temple, the **August 2, 1968, Ruby Tower Memorial** (`{{zh|t=渝美八二慘案紀念碑|s=渝美八二惨案纪念碑|p=Yúměi Bāèr Cǎnàn Jìniànbēi|poj=Lû-bí Poeh-nn̄g Chhám-àn Kì-liām-pi}}`{=mediawiki}) is dedicated to the 260 mostly Filipino-Chinese victims who perished in the collapse of the Ruby Tower building in Doroteo Jose corner Teodoro Alonzo Streets Santa Cruz, Manila during the 1968 Casiguran earthquake.
Save for a portion of the first & second floors at its northern end (presently preserved as a separate memorial hall to the victims), the entire six-story building collapsed, triggering allegations of poor design & construction, as well as use of low-quality building materials, Today Stand Memorial Hall in memory of the victims of earthquake.
## Ancestry
According to a study of around 30,000 gravestones in the Manila Chinese Cemetery with marked birthplaces or ancestral cities of the interred, 89.26% were from within the Southern Min region in Southern Fujian province, while 9.86% were from Cantonese regions in Guangdong (Canton) province. More specifically on those of the Southern Min region, 65.01% hailed from Jinjiang (`{{zh|t=晉江|poj=Chìn-kang|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}) \[from coastal Quanzhou\], 17.25% from Nan'an (`{{zh|t=南安|poj=Lâm-oaⁿ|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}) \[from coastal Quanzhou\], 7.94% from Xiamen (`{{zh|t=廈門|poj=Ē-mn̂g|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}) (Xiamen city proper), 2.90% from Hui'an (`{{zh|t=惠安|poj=Hūi-oaⁿ|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}) \[from coastal Quanzhou\], 1.52% from Longxi (`{{zh|t=龍溪|poj=Liông-khe|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}) \[within Longhai, coastal Zhangzhou\], 1.21% from Siming (`{{zh|t=思明|poj=Su-bêng|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}) \[within Xiamen\] , 1.14% from Quanzhou (`{{zh|t=泉州|poj=Choân-chiu|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}) (Quanzhou city proper), 1.10% from Tong'an (`{{zh|t=同安|poj=Tâng-oaⁿ|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}) \[from coastal Xiamen\], 0.83% from Shishi (`{{zh|t=石狮|poj=Chio̍h-sai|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}) \[from coastal Quanzhou\], 0.57% from Yongchun (`{{zh|t=永春|poj=Éng-chhun|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}) \[from inland Quanzhou\], and 0.53% from Anxi (`{{zh|t=安溪|poj=An-khoe|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}) \[from inland Quanzhou\].
| 793 |
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# Manila Chinese Cemetery
## Notable burials {#notable_burials}
- Dee C. Chuan (1888--1940), founder of the first Chinese bank in the Philippines (Chinabank), the Philippines\' oldest existing Chinese-language newspaper Chinese Commercial News; as well as the war-time resistance group \"Philippine Chinese Resist-the-Enemy Association\" (`{{zh|t=菲律賓華僑援助抗敵委員會|s=菲律宾华侨援助抗敌委员会|p=Fēilǜbīn Huáqiáo Yuánzhù Kàngdí Wěiyuán huì|poj=Hui-li̍p-pin Hôa-kiâo Oan-chō͘ Khòng-tia̍k Úi-oân Hōe|l=Philippine Overseas Chinese Assistance Against the Enemy Association}}`{=mediawiki}), known simply by its shortened name \"Khong Tiak Hue\" (`{{zh|t=抗敵會|s=抗敌会|p=Kàngdí huì|poj=Khòng-tia̍k Hōe|l=Resist the Enemy Association}}`{=mediawiki}) that campaigned for a Japanese trade boycott in the Philippines
- Ma Mon Luk (1896--1961), Chinese cuisine restaurateur known for Mami soup; along with his 2 wives
- Brig. Gen. Vicente P. Lim (1888--1944), Filipino Brigadier General during World War II
- Family of G.A. Cu Unjieng Mausoleum - Guillermo A. Cu-Unjieng, Sr. (邱允衡; Qiu Yunheng (November 26, 1866-October 17, 1953 age 87) founder of The Yek Tong Lin Fire & Marine Insurance Co., Ltd. (renamed Phil. First Insurance Co., Inc. & The Yek Tong Lin Loan Co., Ltd. Together with Franciso \"Paco\" R. Osorio, Sr.) and wife Dominga Ayala-CuUnjieng (August 4. 1877-December 2, 1957); Plato Chan (March 14, 1930-January 18, 2006) illustrator of The Good-Luck Horse and Anne Chu Chan (September 17, 1928-October 28, 2010); Victoria Fe A. Cu-Unjieng (September 27, 1918-July 24, 1997); His Sister-In-Law Florentina Coronado (March 14, 1846-June 14, 1938); Guillermo died at San Pedro, Laguna; his father Eduardo Pistolera Cu-Jike (邱季科) was born on January 01, 1867 in Quo Shang (厝上); his mother was born on 5 November 1837 as Zhang Ge-Niang (張格娘) - Guillermo was among the group of 11 Filipino-Chinese businessmen invited by founder Dee C. Chuan to a dinner of Orient Business Club, to establish Chinabank which opened on Aug. 16, 1920.
- Family of Domingo Yu Chu Mausoleum - Lily Monteverde\'s parents Domingo Yu Chu, Profetiza Buban Yu and Bienvenido Yu
## Gallery
<File:Apolinario_Mabini_Pyramid_01.jpg%7CApolinario> Mabini Pyramid <File:Carlos_Palanca_Memorial_02.jpg%7CCapitan> Carlos L. Palanca Memorial <File:Chinese_Soldiers_Tomb_01.jpg%7CChinese> Soldiers Tomb <File:Chinese_Youth_Arch_of_Heroes_02.jpg%7CChinese> Youth Arch of Heroes <File:Clarence_Kuangson_Young_Memorial_01.jpg%7CClarence> Kuangson Young Memorial <File:Henry_H._Sy_and_Tan_O_Sia_-_Adrian_Sy_%26_Encarnacion_Sy_(Garcia)_Mausoleum_01.jpg%7CHenry> H. Sy and Tan O Sia - Adrian Sy & Encarnacion Sy (Garcia) Mausoleum <File:James_Huang_Mausoleum_02.jpg%7CJames> Huang Mausoleum <File:José_Teehankee_Julia_Ong_Sangroniz_Family_Grave_02.jpg%7CJosé> Teehankee - Julia Ong Sangroniz Family Grave <File:The_Kong_Tek_Tong_Hall_02.jpg%7CKong> Tek Tong Hall <File:Ma_Mon_Luk_Mausoleum_01.jpg%7CMa> Mon Luk Mausoleum <File:The_Manila_Chinese_Cemetery_Crematorium_24.jpg%7CManila> Chinese Cemetery Crematorium <File:The_Dee_C._Chuan_Mausoleum_09.jpg%7CDee> C. Chuan Mausoleum <File:Domingo_Yu_Chu_Mausoleum_22.jpg%7CDomingo> Yu Chu Mausoleum <File:Patricio_Luis_Lim_Mausoleum_01.jpg%7CPatricio> Luis Lim Mausoleum <File:Family_of_G.A._Cu_Unjieng_Mausoleum_04.jpg%7CFamily> of G.A. Cu Unjieng Family Mausoleum <File:Luis_Co_Chi_Kiat_Mausoleum_10.jpg%7CLuis> Co Chi Kiat Mausoleum (of the family that founded Puregold) <File:Mausoleum_of_Ang_Ya_De_Sy_Sieng_Suy_01.jpg%7CMausoleum> of Ang Ya De Sy - Sy Sieng Suy (Sy En) <File:Philippine_Chinese_Anti-Japanese_War_Memorial_Complex_02.jpg%7CPhilippine> Chinese Anti-Japanese War Memorial Complex <File:Binondo_District_of_Manila_28.jpg%7CPhilippine-Chinese> Charitable Association, Inc. <File:Ruby_Tower_Memorial_01.jpg%7CRuby> Tower Memorial <File:United_States_Chinese_Volunteers_in_the_Philippines_Memorial_02.jpg%7CUnited> States Chinese Volunteers in the Philippines Memorial <File:Dominga_Ayala1.jpg%7CDominga> Ayala CuUnjieng, wife of Guillermo A. Cu-Unjieng, Sr
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# Eishō (Heian period)
was a `{{nihongo|[[Japanese era name]]|年号|''nengō''|lit. "year name"}}`{=mediawiki} after *Kantoku* and before *Tengi.* This period spanned the years from April 1046 through January 1053. The reigning emperor was `{{nihongo|[[Emperor Go-Reizei of Japan|Go-Reizei]]''-tennō''|後冷泉天皇}}`{=mediawiki}.
## Change of era {#change_of_era}
- **1046** `{{nihongo|''Eishō gannen''|永承元年|}}`{=mediawiki}: The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in *Kantoku* 3, on the 14th day of the 4th month of 1046.
## Events of the *Eishō* era {#events_of_the_eishō_era}
- **1046** (*Eishō 1*): Minamoto no Yorinobu wrote about the spirit of Emperor Ojin and worshiping him as a manifestation of Iwashimizu Hachiman and as one of Yorinobu\'s ancestors.
- **1048** (*Eishō 3*): Yorinobu died at the age of 81.
- **1051** (*Eishō 6*): In Michinoku, Abe no Sadatō and Munetō instigate a rebellion which becomes known as the Nine Years\' War (1051--1062) because, even though the period of strife lasts for 11 years, the actual fighting lasts for nine years. In response, Minamoto no Yoriyoshi is appointed governor of Mutsu and he is named *chinjufu shōgun.* He is given these titles and powers so that he will be able to restore peace in the north. Yoriyoshi would have been the first to receive this specific shogunal title, although his grandfather (Minamoto no Tsunemoto) had been *seitō fuku-shōgun* (assistant commander for pacification of the east).
The eleventh reconstruction of the Kasuga Shrine in Nara was completed during this era
| 246 |
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# Modern Girl (Meat Loaf song)
\"**Modern Girl**\" is a song written by Paul Jacobs and Sarah Durkee, first performed by Meat Loaf. It was also the first single from his 1984 *Bad Attitude* album, resulting in one of his few hits during the 1980s. The single peaked at number 16 in Ireland and number 17 in the UK.
## Different formats {#different_formats}
The \"Modern Girl\" single was released in several versions: the regular 12- and 7-inch singles, a 12\" picture disc and a 7\" shaped picture disc. All versions contained \"Modern Girl\" and \"Take a Number\", a non-album B-side. In the United States, the song was released as \"(Give Me the Future with a) Modern Girl\" with the album cut \"Sailor To a Siren\" as B-side.
### 12\" maxi single and picture disc {#maxi_single_and_picture_disc}
- \"Modern Girl\" (extended version / freeway mix) --- 5:54 *(Paul Jacobs / Sarah Durkee)*
- \"Take a Number\" (extended version) --- 5:28 *(Jacobs / Durkee)*
### 7\" single and shaped picture disc {#single_and_shaped_picture_disc}
- \"Modern Girl\" --- 4:27 *(Jacobs / Durkee)*
- \"Take a Number\" --- 3:27 *(Jacobs / Durkee)*
### US 7\" single {#us_7_single}
- \"(Give Me the Future with A) Modern Girl\" (single version) --- 3:56 *(Jacobs / Durkee)*
- \"Sailor to a Siren\" --- 5:09 *(Jacobs / Durkee)*
## Other versions {#other_versions}
### Music video {#music_video}
During the music video, directed by Brian Grant, Meat Loaf is sporting a leather jacket and walks by various scenes dealing with \'modern\' women. It starts out with a \"Miss America\" and \"Mr. Right\" who are newfound parents. Then it gets into a biker-type charade and leads into the big gospel-type chorus near the end. The scenes were filmed at Beckton Gas Works.
### Live performances {#live_performances}
Meat Loaf has performed \"Modern Girl\" many times during the \'80s as a regular on his set list. It made a comeback during \"The Very Best of Meat Loaf\" and \"Storytellers\" tours in the late 1990s.
Live versions of the song can be found on the *Live at Wembley* album and the *Bad Attitude - Live!* video.
On the live version from the Live at Wembley album, Meat Loaf does not sing the \"Gimme the future\" part of the chorus, as he left it to the backing vocalists. He used similar arrangements for \"Blind Before I Stop\" on the same album
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# Wisconsin Department of Justice
The **Wisconsin Department of Justice** is a state law enforcement agency with jurisdiction throughout the state of Wisconsin. Its headquarters are in Madison, the state capital, with main offices in the Risser Justice Center in downtown Madison. The Attorney General of Wisconsin oversees the agency. The attorney general is Josh Kaul, who was elected to his first four-year term in November, 2018, and assumed the office on January 7, 2019. The WDoJ manages the state\'s three crime labs, and investigates major crimes involving, among other things, illegal drugs, fugitives, public corruption, official misconduct, organized crime, domestic terrorism, Medicaid fraud and patient abuse.
## Responsibilities
The agency provides legal advice and representation, criminal investigation, and other law enforcement services for the state. It represents the state in civil cases and handles criminal cases that reach the Wisconsin Court of Appeals or the Wisconsin Supreme Court. It also represents the state in criminal cases on appeal in federal courts and participates with other states in federal cases that are important to Wisconsin. The department provides legal representation in lower courts when expressly authorized by law or requested by the governor, either house of the legislature, or a state agency head. It also represents state agencies in court reviews of their administrative decisions. The department consists of four divisions and one office: the Division of Criminal Investigation, Division of Law Enforcement Services, Division of Legal Services, Division of Management Services and the Office of Crime Victim Services. The agency also pursues ongoing anti-opioid messaging through the Dose of Reality outreach.
### State crime labs {#state_crime_labs}
The Wisconsin Department of Justice maintains three state crimes labs, located in Madison, Milwaukee, and Wausau.
### Anti-terrorism {#anti_terrorism}
In early 2009 the Wisconsin DoJ completed its second Terrorism Liaison Officer\'s (TLO) training at the Volk Field Air National Guard Base. TLOs are local law enforcement officers, fire fighters, EMS personnel, National Guard personnel, and county emergency managers. The 101 new and existing 61 TLO\'s have been trained on the most recent terrorism and crime issues, trend analysis, and the proper procedures for receiving and disseminating information to field personnel
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# Tengi
was a `{{nihongo|[[Japanese era name|Japanese era]]|年号|''nengō''|lit. "year name"}}`{=mediawiki} after *Eishō* and before *Kōhei,* spanning the years from January 1053 through August 1058. The reigning emperor was `{{nihongo|[[Emperor Go-Reizei of Japan|Go-Reizei]]''-tennō''|後冷泉天皇}}`{=mediawiki}.
## Change of Era {#change_of_era}
- **1053** `{{nihongo|''Tengi 1''|天喜元年}}`{=mediawiki}: The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in *Eishō* 7, on the 11th day of the 1st month of 1053.
## Events of the *Tengi* Era {#events_of_the_tengi_era}
- **1056** (*Tengi 4, 7th-8th months*): A broom star was observed in the east at daybreak.
- **1057** (*Tengi 5, 9th month*): Abe no Yoritoki is killed in battle by a stray arrow
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# Kōhei
was a `{{nihongo|[[Japanese era name|Japanese era]]|年号|''nengō''|literally "year name"}}`{=mediawiki} after *Tengi* and before *Jiryaku.* This period spanned the years from August 1058 through August 1065. The reigning emperor was `{{nihongo|[[Emperor Go-Reizei of Japan|Go-Reizei]]''-tennō''|後冷泉天皇}}`{=mediawiki}.
## Change of era {#change_of_era}
- **1058** `{{nihongo|''Kōhei gannen''|康平元年|}}`{=mediawiki} : The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in *Tengi* 6, on the 29th day of the 8th month of 1058.
## Events of the *Kōhei* era {#events_of_the_kōhei_era}
- **1060** (*Kōhei 3, 27th day of the 11th month*): A broom star was observed in the south for seven nights
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| 0 |
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# Beverly J. Silver
**Beverly J. Silver** (born 1957) is an American scholar of labor and development whose work has been translated into over twelve languages. She is a professor of Sociology at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland.
## Training and academic career {#training_and_academic_career}
Silver grew up in Detroit during a period of intense working-class struggle. She was active in the United Farm Workers Union and the solidarity campaigns for Chile. Silver received her B.A. in economics from Barnard College and her Ph.D. from SUNY Binghamton, where she was part of the Fernand Braudel Center for the Study of Economies, Historical Systems, and Civilizations. During this time she collaborated with a number of scholars including Giovanni Arrighi, Immanuel Wallerstein, and Terence Hopkins and contributed to the development of the school of world-systems analysis. For many years she was a member of the World Labor Research Group at the Fernand Braudel Center at Binghamton.
## Publications
### Books
- Corey R. Payne, Roberto Patricio Korzeniewicz, and Beverly J. Silver. (2022). *World-Systems Analysis at a Critical Juncture*. Routledge.
- Silver, Beverly J.; *Forces of Labor: Workers\' Movements and Globalization since 1870* (2003), and since translated into Chinese, Korean, German, Polish, Portuguese, Italian and Spanish.
- Silver, Beverly J. & Arrighi, Giovanni; *Chaos and Governance in the Modern World-System* (1999).
- Silver, Beverly J., Arrighi, Giovanni and Dubofsky, Melvyn, editors; \"Labor Unrest in the World-Economy, 1870-1990\", special issue of *Review* (Fernand Braudel Center), vol. 18, no. 1, Winter, 1995, pages 1--206.
### Journal articles and book chapters {#journal_articles_and_book_chapters}
- Corey R. Payne & Beverly J. Silver. (2022). "Domination Without Hegemony and the Limits of US World Power," *Political Power and Social Theory*. Vol. 39: 159-177.
- Beverly J. Silver & Corey R. Payne, "Crises of World Hegemony and the Speeding Up of Social History" chapter 1 in *Hegemony and World Order*, editors P. Dutkiewicz et al, Routledge, 2020
- Beverly J. Silver, \"\'Plunges Into Utter Destruction\' and the Limits of Historical Capitalism\". *Capitalism in Transformation*, editors R. Atzmüller et al, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019.
- Beverly J. Silver, "Afterword Reflections on Capitalist Development in Hostile Environments", *Journal of Agrarian Change*. 2019: 19:569-576.
- Sahan Savas Karatasli & Sefika Kumral & Daniel Pasciuti & Beverly J. Silver, 2017. \"World Hegemonies and Global Inequalities,\" in: *Mapping a New World Order*, pages 23-37. Edward Elgar Publishing.
- Beverly J. Silver and Sahan Savas Karatasli, \"Historical Dynamics of Capitalism and Labor Movements\" in *The Oxford Handbook of Social Movements*, edited by Donatella Della Porta and Mario Diani, 2015.
- Beverly Silver, \"Labour, War and World Politics Contemporary Dynamics in World-Historical Perspective\" in *Handbook of International Political Economy of Production* (editor Kees van der Pilj) Edward Elgar, 2015.
- Beverly Silver, \"Theorizing the Working Class in Twenty-First Century Global Capitalism\" in *Workers and Labour in a Globalised Capitalism: Contemporary Themes and Theoretical Issues* (editor: Maurizio Atzeni) Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
- Beverly J. Silver and Giovanni Arrighi, \"End of the Long Twentieth Century\" in Craig Calhoun and Geogi Derluguian (eds). *Business as Usual: The Roots of the Global Financial Meltdown*. New York University Press, New York, 2011.
- Beverly J. Silver and Lu Zhang, China as an Emerging Epicenter of World Labor Unrest in Ho-fung Hung ed. *China and the Transformation of Global Capitalism*. 2009.
- Arrighi, Giovanni; Silver Beverly J. and Brewer, Benjamin D.; "Industrial Convergence and the Persistence of the North-South Income Divide: A Rejoinder", *Studies in Comparative International Development*, vol. 40, no. 1, Spring 2005.
- Arrighi, Giovanni; Silver, Beverly J. and Brewer, Benjamin D.; "Response", *Studies in Comparative International Development*, 38, 1, Spring, 2003, 39--42
- Arrighi, Giovanni; Silver, Beverly J. and Brewer, Benjamin D.; "Industrial Convergence, Globalization, and the Persistence of the North-South Divide", *Studies in Comparative International Development*, 38, 1, Spring, 2003, 3--31
- Arrighi Giovanni and Silver, Beverly J.; "Capitalism and World (Dis)Order", *Review of International Studies*, 27, December, 2001, 961--983
- Silver, Beverly J.; "Labor Upsurges: From Detroit to Ulsan and Beyond", *Critical Sociology*, vol. 31, no. 3, pages 439--452, 2005.
- Silver, Beverly J.; "Labor, Globalization and World Politics", in *Critical Globalization Studies*, edited by Richard Appelbaum and William Robinson, Routledge Press, 2005
- Silver, Beverly J.; "Labor, War and World Politics: Contemporary Dynamics in Historical Perspective", in *Labour and New Social Movements in a Globalizing World System*, edited by Berthold Unfried, Marcel van der Linden and Christine Schindler (ITH, vol. 38), *Akademische Verlagsanstalt*, Leipzig, 2004
- Silver, Beverly J.; "Rejoinder", response to Symposium of Reviews of Beverly J. Silver\'s \"Forces of Labor: Workers' Movements and Globalization Since 1870\", in *In Critical Solidarity* (American Sociological Association), Winter 2003 Reprinted in *Debate*, (South Africa), Spring 2004
- Silver, Beverly J.and Arrighi, Giovanni; "Polanyi's 'Double Movement': The Belle Époques of U.S. and British World Hegemony Compared", *Politics and Society*, June 2003
- Silver, Beverly J. and Arrighi, Giovanni; "Workers North and South" in Leo Panitch and Colin Leys, editors, *Socialist Register 2001* (Theme: Working Classes, Global Realities). London: Merlin Press, 2000, 51--74
- Silver, Beverly J. : "Arbeiterbewegung, Globalisierung und Weltpolitik: Dynamik der Gegenwart in welthistorischer Sicht\", in: Jahrbuch für Forschungen zur Geschichte der Arbeiterbewegung, No. I/2004 (German Language).
### Scholarly acclaim for *Forces of Labor* {#scholarly_acclaim_for_forces_of_labor}
*Forces of Labor* won the highest book award in 2005 from the American Sociological Association, the Distinguished Scholarly Publication Award
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# Richard Jacobs (businessman)
**Richard E. \"Dick\" Jacobs** (June 16, 1925 -- June 5, 2009) was an American businessman and real estate developer who co-founded the Jacobs Entertainment, Inc., Richard E. Jacobs Group, and owner of the Cleveland Indians from 1986 to 1999.
## Biography
Jacobs was born in 1925 in Akron, Ohio, In 1943, he served in the Army during World War II. In 1949, he graduated from Indiana University with a degree in business administration and accepted a job with a development company in Akron. In 1955, he and his brother, David H. Jacobs, started a general contracting company that concentrated on the building of small strip malls. The company grew rapidly and by 1992, the Jacobs Group ranked fourth in the nation in the development and management of enclosed malls owning 40 malls in 16 states outright; they also owned 31 Wendy\'s fast-food restaurants and several Marriott Hotels & Resorts. The Jacobs Group company builds and leases shopping centers, offices, and hotels. Among its properties are Key Tower and Westgate Mall in Cleveland, Ohio, and Triangle Town Center in Raleigh, North Carolina. His company also built Westland Mall, Northland Mall, and Eastland Mall in Columbus, Ohio.
Along with his brother, Jacobs was also well known for owning the Cleveland Indians of Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1986 to 1999; after David\'s death in 1992, Richard operated the team on his own. In 1994, Jacobs Field would open as the new venue of the Indians in downtown Cleveland. The ballpark bore his family name from its opening in April 1994 until January 2008. Jacobs\' tenure as Indians owner marked one of the team\'s most successful periods in franchise history the team went 1119-1080 during the regular season, and 25-22 during the postseason, reaching the World Series on two occasions (1995, and 1997), and winning American League Central Division championships in five consecutive seasons (1995-1999). Under Jacobs ownership the Indians also hosted the 1997 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, the first held in Cleveland in sixteen years.
Jacobs was a co-owner with his son, Jeffery P. Jacobs, of Jacobs Entertainment, Inc., a casino and racetrack company after they merged companies in 2002.
Jacobs died on June 5, 2009, after a long illness at his Westlake home. The funeral was held at the Rocky River United Methodist Church. He was buried at Lakewood Park Cemetery in Rocky River, Ohio.
## Awards and honors {#awards_and_honors}
### As Indians owner {#as_indians_owner}
- Two-time American League Champion 1995, 1997
- Five-time American League Central Division Champion (1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999)
- Cleveland Indians Hall of Fame (class of 2009)
### As a businessman {#as_a_businessman}
- 2009 Downtown Cleveland Alliance Ruth Ratner Miller Award (for his contributions in developing the downtown area - awarded posthumously)
- The Cleveland Clinic branch in Avon, Ohio, named the Richard E. Jacobs Health Center
- Nautica Pavilion in Cleveland renamed Jacobs Pavilion (partially) in honor of Jacobs in 2011 following his death (as his son Jeffery owns the facility)
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# WZUU
**WZUU** (92.5 FM, \"The ZUU \[Zoo\]\") is a radio station broadcasting a mainstream rock format. Licensed to Mattawan, Michigan, it first began broadcasting in 1990 under the WKGH call sign. During the first few years of the radio station, it broadcast oldies from a satellite feed.
On Memorial Day 1995, the station began to broadcast an alternative and modern rock-styled format.
By late May 1997, the format was modified into a mainstream rock presentation, and the call letters were changed from WNTX to WZUU, along with a new slogan, \"The Zuu\".
In January 2007, the station changed frequency from 92.3 to 92.5 and increased its power from 860 watts to 6000 watts.
## Bronco Radio Network {#bronco_radio_network}
Prior to relocating it was an affiliate of the \"Bronco Radio Network\" for Western Michigan University. From the fall of 2007 to spring of 2010, it was the flagship station for Broncos football and men\'s basketball
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# Montagu Slater
**Charles Montagu Slater** (23 September 1902 -- 19 December 1956) was an English poet, novelist, playwright, journalist, critic and librettist.
## Life
One of five children, Slater was born in the small mining port of Millom, Cumberland facing Lancashire across the estuary of Duddon sands. His father Seth Slater, a Wesleyan lay preacher, was a tailor and ran the town\'s post office. Both Montagu and his closest sister Rosa won scholarships to universities from the local school. He attended Magdalen College, Oxford and the University College London. Upon graduation, he became a reporter for the *Liverpool Post*.
At Millom and Liverpool, Slater wrote verse which he valued, often linking northern port-life to classical legend and philosophy. Much survives although little has yet been published. An activist, he joined the Communist Party in 1927, leaving Liverpool to join *The Morning Post* in London in 1928. In 1934 he gave up most of his journalism to found the *Left Review*, becoming its editor while publishing literary criticism, plays, poems, short stories, and film scripts, often using the pseudonym \'Ajax\'.
Always interested in theatre, Slater wrote introductions to editions of the melodramas about two infamous murder cases, the Red Barn murder of Maria Marten and the excesses of Sweeney Todd, the barber, in 1928 and 1933. In this period he also worked with Benjamin Britten, who composed some incidental music for three of his plays. These included *Easter 1916*, a play covering the 1913 lock-out and the 1916 Rising, staged by the Unity Theatre, London in 1935. In 1935, he wrote an uncredited script for *Coal Face*, a short documentary film, and the following year his pamphlet, *Stay down, miner*, was published.
In 1937, the left-wing Unity Theatre produced a highly successful play \"Busmen\" based on the strike which chronicled the struggle for speed up and pay cuts to its defeat in 1937, written by Herbert Hodge a London taxi driver and Montagu Slater, with Alan Bush providing the music. It utilised a \"living newspaper form\" with cinematic cutting, developed with the Federal Theatre project in the USA. Other plays of this period include *David* and *Touch and Go*.
Slater was also involved in staging large pageants, including one in 1938 at Wembley Stadium. For this, he wrote a scenario with André van Gyseghem for composer Alan Bush\'s *Pageant of Co-operation*. He was one of a group of Communist intellectuals who came together to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the publication of the *Communist Manifesto* in 1948 with a pageant held at the Royal Albert Hall on 30 March 1948. Music and arrangements by composers including Rutland Boughton, Christian Darnton, Inglis Gundry, Phillip Cardew, Malcolm Arnold, Aubrey Bowman, and Bernard Stevens. Alan Bush arranged music for the Finale comprising \'The Red Flag\' and \'The Internationale\'. Slater scripted the entire event.
In 1942, Benjamin Britten chose Slater as librettist for his opera *Peter Grimes*, which was based on \"Letter XXII: Peter Grimes\" in George Crabbe\'s poem *The Borough*. For the libretto, Slater eschewed the traditional five-stress line form of English rhyming or blank verse in favour of a more modern and conversational four-stress line with rhyming couplets. He argued that contemporary listeners were accustomed to assonance and consonantal rhyme, but it could also be argued that this form of \'rough\' rhyme was common in early English drama and that Slater was restoring it to the stage, rather than inventing something new.
Slater\'s original libretto, which he published himself (to the annoyance of Britten and Peter Pears, who had made a number of amendments to it before the opera was staged), is cast in three acts. It omits the repetitions necessary in the actual opera. Anthony Burgess, writing in *The Listener* in 1964, stated:
: \"The excellence of *Peter Grimes* has a great deal to do with Montagu Slater\'s libretto, the only libretto I know that can be read in its own right as a dramatic poem.\"
Slater also wrote the libretto for *Yerma*, composed by Denis ApIvor.
Slater was involved, with Britten and W. H. Auden, in many of the John Grierson documentaries, such as *Coal Face* (1935). In 1936 he published the account *Stay Down, Miner*, about a strike at the Nine Mile Point Colliery; *Stay Down, Miner* was performed as a play by Left Theatre Ltd., with music composed by Britten, in the same year.
In 1944, Slater published the novel *Once a Jolly Swagman* set in the then-popular world of motorcycle speedway racing, which explored the themes of unionism, workers\' compensation, and disaffected youth. Jack Lee subsequently directed a 1949 film adaptation under the same title, with a screenplay by William Rose and starring Dirk Bogarde.
Slater wrote the scripts for several films, including *The Brave Don\'t Cry* (1952), about a mining disaster.
Britten dedicated his *Temporal Variations* for oboe and piano to Slater, and his *Ballad of Heroes* to Slater and his wife Enid.
Slater died at the age of 54 in London. His literary papers and correspondence are held at the University of Nottingham.
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# Montagu Slater
## Published works {#published_works}
- *Maria Marten & Sweeney Todd: Two Classic Melodramas*. London: Gerald Howe, 1928.
- *Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street \... A traditional acting version*, edited, with an introduction (Barnstormer Plays. no. 2.). London: Gerald Howe, 1928.
- *The Second City*. London: Wishart & Co, 1931.
- *Haunting Europe*. London: Wishart & Co, 1934.
- *Easter : 1916 (a play)*. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1936.
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- *Stay Down Miner. An account of a strike at Nine Mile Point Colliery*. London: Martin Lawrence, 1936.
- *New Way Wins*, a play from Stay Down Miner. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1937.
- *Barnstormer Plays*. Edited with an introduction to each play. John Lane, The Bodley Head, 1943.
- *Once a Jolly Swagman* (a novel). London: John Lane, 1944.
- *Peter Grimes and other poems*. London: John Lane, 1946
- *Peter Grimes: Essays* by B. Britten, E.M. Forster, M. Slater, E. Sackville-West. Designs by K. Green (Sadler\'s Wells Opera Books No. 3). London: John Lane, 1946.
- *Century for George* (a play). London: John Lane, 1946.
- *Who rides a tiger*. A novel. London: The Bodley Head, 1947.
- *'Communist Manifesto Centenary Pageant'*, to a script by Montagu Slater, with music for military band and chorus; MSS British Mus. 411--413. Alan Bush Collection. Vols lxxxvi-lxxxviii, 1948.
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- *The inhabitants*. London: Bodley Head, 1948.
- *The Centenary Poe. Tales, Poems, Criticism*. London: Bodley Head, 1949.
- *Theatre Today* with Arnold Rattenbury. London: Saturn Press, 1948.
- *Englishman With Swords*. London: The Bodley Head, 1949.
- *Round the world in eighty days: A stage spectacle* (Barnstormer plays series-no.5). London: John Lane, 1951.
- *Caste: a traditional acting version*. London: John Lane, The Bodley Head, 1951.
- *Cure of Minds*. London: Williams & Norgate, 1952.
- *New Poems: a PEN anthology*: edited by C. Dyment, R. Fuller, M. Slater. London: Michael Joseph, 1952.
- *The Trial of Jomo Kenyatta*. London: Secker & Warburg, 1955.
- *Yerma, opera* (libretto, Montagu Slater, revised by the composer, based on the play by Federico Garcia Lorca), op. 28; 1955--1958. \* Four volumes. Pivor Manuscripts (Series II). Vols. VII-X. British MS 64826-64829 : 1955--1958
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# 1991 Federation Cup (tennis)
The **1991 Federation Cup** was the 29th edition of the most important competition between national teams in women\'s tennis. The tournament was held at the Nottingham Tennis Centre in Nottingham, United Kingdom from 18--28 July. Spain defeated the United States in the final (in what was a rematch of the 1989 Federation Cup final), giving Spain its first title.
## World Group Qualifying {#world_group_qualifying}
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{{16TeamBracket-info maxround = 2 boldwinner = y RD1-date=18--19 July RD2-date=20--21 July RD1=First Round RD2=Qualifying Round RD1-text1= RD1-seed1= \| RD1-team1=`{{fed|PAR}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score1=3 RD1-seed2= \| RD1-team2=`{{fed|JAM}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score2=0 RD1-text2= RD1-seed3= \| RD1-team3=`{{fed|PHI|1986}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score3=1 RD1-seed4= \| RD1-team4=`{{fed|CHI}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score4=2 RD1-text3= RD1-seed5= \| RD1-team5=`{{nowrap|{{fed|TRI}}}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score5=0 RD1-seed6= \| RD1-team6=`{{fed|MLT}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score6=3 RD1-text4= RD1-seed7= \| RD1-team7=`{{fed|IRL}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score7=1 RD1-seed8= \| RD1-team8=`{{fed|GRE}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score8=2 RD1-text5= RD1-seed9= \| RD1-team9=`{{fed|MAS}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score9=0 RD1-seed10= \| RD1-team10=`{{fed|MEX}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score10=3 RD1-text6= RD1-seed11= \| RD1-team11=`{{fed|SRI}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score11=0 RD1-seed12= \| RD1-team12=`{{fed|DEN}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score12=3 RD1-text7= RD1-seed13= \| RD1-team13=`{{fed|POR}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score13=3 RD1-seed14= \| RD1-team14=`{{fed|BAH}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score14=0 RD1-text8= RD1-seed15= \| RD1-team15=`{{fed|TPE}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score15=3 RD1-seed16= \| RD1-team16=`{{fed|DOM}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score16=0 RD2-text1= RD2-seed1= \| RD2-team1=`{{fed|PAR}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD2-score1=2 RD2-seed2= \| RD2-team2=`{{fed|CHI}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD2-score2=1 RD2-text2= RD2-seed3= \| RD2-team3=`{{fed|MLT}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD2-score3=1 RD2-seed4= \| RD2-team4=`{{fed|GRE}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD2-score4=2 RD2-text3= RD2-seed5= \| RD2-team5=`{{fed|MEX}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD2-score5=0 RD2-seed6= \| RD2-team6=`{{fed|DEN}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD2-score6=3 RD2-text4= RD2-seed7= \| RD2-team7=`{{fed|POR}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD2-score7=2 RD2-seed8= \| RD2-team8=`{{nowrap|{{fed|TPE}}}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD2-score8=1 }} {{16TeamBracket-info maxround = 2 boldwinner = y RD1-date=18--19 July RD2-date=20--21 July RD1=First Round RD2=Qualifying Round RD1-text1= RD1-seed1= \| RD1-team1=`{{fed|ROU}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score1=2 RD1-seed2= \| RD1-team2=`{{fed|THA}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score2=1 RD1-text2= RD1-seed3= \| RD1-team3=`{{fed|CUB}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score3=3 RD1-seed4= \| RD1-team4=`{{fed|IND}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score4=0 RD1-text3= RD1-seed5= \| RD1-team5=`{{nowrap|{{fed|LUX}}}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score5=3 RD1-seed6= \| RD1-team6=`{{fed|BOL}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score6=0 RD1-text4= RD1-seed7= \| RD1-team7=`{{fed|NOR}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score7=1 RD1-seed8= \| RD1-team8=`{{fed|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score8=2 RD1-text5= RD1-seed9= \| RD1-team9=`{{fed|ISR}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score9=2 RD1-seed10= \| RD1-team10=`{{fed|KOR}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score10=1 RD1-text6= RD1-seed11= \| RD1-team11=`{{fed|HKG|1959}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score11=0 RD1-seed12= \| RD1-team12=`{{fed|VEN|1930}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score12=3 RD1-text7= RD1-seed13= \| RD1-team13=`{{fed|URU}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score13=3 RD1-seed14= \| RD1-team14=`{{fed|TUR}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score14=0 RD1-text8= RD1-seed15= \| RD1-team15=`{{fed|KEN}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score15=0 RD1-seed16= \| RD1-team16=`{{fed|POL}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD1-score16=3 RD2-text1= RD2-seed1= \| RD2-team1=`{{fed|ROU}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD2-score1=3 RD2-seed2= \| RD2-team2=`{{fed|CUB}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD2-score2=0 RD2-text2= RD2-seed3= \| RD2-team3=`{{nowrap|{{fed|LUX}}}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD2-score3=1 RD2-seed4= \| RD2-team4=`{{fed|CHN}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD2-score4=2 RD2-text3= RD2-seed5= \| RD2-team5=`{{fed|ISR}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD2-score5=3 RD2-seed6= \| RD2-team6=`{{fed|VEN|1930}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD2-score6=0 RD2-text4= RD2-seed7= \| RD2-team7=`{{fed|URU}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD2-score7=0 RD2-seed8= \| RD2-team8=`{{fed|POL}}`{=mediawiki} \| RD2-score8=3 }}
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Winning nations advanced to World Group, nations that lost in the first round played in consolation rounds.
## World Group {#world_group}
**Participating Teams**
-------------------------
### Draw
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# 1991 Federation Cup (tennis)
## World Group play-offs {#world_group_play_offs}
The sixteen losing teams in the World Group first round ties played off against each other in the first round. The losing teams then went to play-off again, with those that lost twice being relegated to Zonal Competition in 1992
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# George Newhouse
**George Newhouse** is an Australian human rights lawyer and a former local councillor. He is the principal solicitor of the National Justice Project, a human rights and social justice legal service, and currently an Adjunct Professor of Law at Macquarie University. and at the University of Technology Sydney.
He was the Mayor of Waverley in the eastern suburbs of Sydney from 2006 to 2007, and the Labor candidate for the seat of Wentworth at the 2007 Australian federal election.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
Newhouse attended Sydney Grammar School and then studied Law and Commerce at the University of New South Wales.
After leaving university, Newhouse joined JPMorgan in Sydney as a corporate finance executive and was later transferred to JPMorgan\'s New York office. From New York he moved to London where he worked for two years as a capital markets lawyer for Clifford Chance. In 1990 he returned to Sydney and continued working as a lawyer with Swaab & Associates. He became an accredited mediator and was a member of the Consumer Trader Tenancy Tribunal from 1999 to 2007 and a mediator for the Workers Compensation Commission from 2001 to 2010.
In addition to his expertise in social justice law, Newhouse specialises in defamation, privacy, negligence, property, finance and planning law. He is an adjunct professor at Macquarie University where he teaches law, he is also an adjunct professor at the University of Technology Sydney at the Jumbunna Inst for Indigenous Education & Research and is also the chapter editor of Thomson Reuters *The Laws of Australia: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders -- Civil Justice Issues*.
Newhouse co-founded the National Justice Project in 2016 with Dan Mori and Duncan Fine. As the principal solicitor of the Project his work involves using the law in ways that support and advance social justice and human rights in Australia. It does this by supporting those who are least able to access justice and whose cases can advance human rights within Australia and the Pacific region. In addition the National Justice Project has taken on a number of research, education, advocacy and reform projects such as the Aboriginal Health Project.
In August 2008 Newhouse was invited to participate in the prime minister, Kevin Rudd\'s Australia 2020 summit in the area of indigenous affairs.
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# George Newhouse
## Human rights representation {#human_rights_representation}
Newhouse is well known in Australia for his human rights work with refugees, former Immigration detainees and Aboriginal Australians. His extensive social justice work was acknowledged in 2017 when he was awarded the Ron Castan Humanitarian award and again in 2019 when he received the Australian Lawyers Alliance Civil Justice Award
### Refugees
Newhouse represented Vivian Solon, who was deported from Australia to the Philippines; Cornelia Rau, who was detained in an Australian detention centre for ten months; the Sudanese Dafurian community, and the family of the late Richard Niyonsaba. Newhouse has also acted for Tamil, Chinese, Palestinian and Iranian asylum seekers following the Rau and Solon cases.
In June 2010 Newhouse represented Tamil asylum seekers in their complaint to the Australian Human Rights Commission regarding the suspension of the processing of their visas; which have subsequently been processed.
In February 2011 Newhouse was successful in securing the release of Seena Akhlaqi Sheikhdost, an orphan whose parents had died in a shipwreck on Christmas Island from immigration detention. He also facilitated a family with two vulnerable children to be moved from Inverbrackie Detention Centre in Adelaide to community detention in Sydney. Newhouse has championed the use of the Commonwealth\'s common law duty of care to have children released from fenced detention.
In 2011 in the WA Coroner\'s Court, Newhouse represented the survivors and relatives of those who died in the 2010 Christmas Island boat disaster; and he represented the next of kin of one of the three suicides in Villawood before the NSW Coroner. He also obtained an injunction to stop the first Afghan asylum seeker to be forcibly returned to Afghanistan. In 2013 he acted for two vulnerable youths in immigration detention and had them released into the community. In 2013 and 2014 together with Julian Burnside and Dan Mori he mounted a Constitutional Challenge to the detention of asylum seekers on Nauru. Newhouse fought for the rights of those indefinitely detained in immigration detention to be released or to have their adverse ASIO determinations reviewed.
Newhouse led a team of lawyers to challenge the Minister of Immigration\'s decision to refuse to bring a woman who had become pregnant as a result of a rape on Nauru to Australia for a safe and lawful termination. His success in the Plaintiff s99 Case affirmed that the Minister for Immigration had a duty of care to asylum seekers offshore as well as in Australia.
As a result of that action Newhouse was able to bring other women to Australia throughout 2017.
In February 2017 the National Justice Project, under the direction of Newhouse, was successful, in obtaining an injunction to stop the Minister for Immigration from implementing a blanket policy to remove the mobile phones of all detainees in Immigration Detention.
In December 2017 Newhouse and the National Justice Project team commenced legal proceedings for a 12-year-old girl (known by the pseudonym FRX17) on Nauru who required urgent medical treatment which was not available on Nauru that case was successful and they followed up that case with legal action for 46 other refugee children on Nauru. Those cases and the Nauru Government\'s decision to deport Medecins Sans Frontieres medical staff led to the #kidsoffnauru campaign and ultimately to legislation, known as the \"Medevac bill\" to ensure the medical evacuation of refugees in need of care. His work in this area has been documented in an academic article published in the Court of Conscience.
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# George Newhouse
## Human rights representation {#human_rights_representation}
### First Nations Peoples {#first_nations_peoples}
In 2006 Newhouse worked with the Mutitjulu Aboriginal Community to overturn the decision of the Howard Government to impose an Administrator over the Mutitjulu Community Aboriginal Corporation on the basis that the decision was ultra vires, or beyond the power of the decision maker. In January 2009 Newhouse advised Barbara Shaw and the Prescribed Areas Peoples Alliance on their complaint about the Commonwealth Government\'s Northern Territory Intervention Laws to the United Nations Committee for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.
In August 2009 Newhouse, on behalf of Barbara Shaw and other town camp residents, gathered a team of lawyers led by Ron Merkel `{{post-nominals|country=AUS|QC}}`{=mediawiki} to stop the Minister for Aboriginal Affairs, Jenny Macklin from proceeding with her takeover of the Alice Springs Town Camps and entering into a 40-year lease with the town camp associations.
In January 2010 he took on \"cyber racists\" who published material vilifying Indigenous Australians and succeeded in having Google remove search results and links to two racially offensive web pages based outside of Australia. During 2010 Newhouse worked with the Aboriginal Communities in the Northern Territory to fight for a fair rent to be paid by the Commonwealth Government for leases which the Commonwealth had taken over Aboriginal land which were compulsorily acquired under the Northern Territory Intervention legislation. In May 2010 Newhouse assisted traditional owners of Muckaty Station (Warlmanpa) to commence legal action against the Northern Land Council and the Commonwealth to overturn the nomination of their land as the site of Australia\'s first radioactive waste storage facility.
In January 2011 Newhouse successfully represented the Hermannsburg Bulldogs, an Indigenous Australian rules football team from `{{NTcity|Hermannsburg}}`{=mediawiki}, in the Northern Territory and had them reinstated into the Central Australian Football League competition after they were suspended from the competition without due process. In 2013 and 2014 Newhouse acted for several Aboriginal Australian women who had their children removed by child protection agencies.
In 2014 Newhouse acted for the family of Andrea Pickett, an Aboriginal woman who was brutally murdered by her husband. The family took action against the Western Australian Police and the WA Department of Child Protection.
Newhouse has acted in many inquests for Aboriginal Australians who died in custody. In 2015-6 he acted for the Deaths in Custody Watch Committee of WA in the inquest into the death of Ms Dhu in police custody. He also acts for the family of David Dungay Jr who died in Long Bay Correctional Centre in December 2015. `{{as of|2017}}`{=mediawiki} he was assisting the family of the late Wayne Fella Morrison, who died in Yatala Prison in September 2016.
Newhouse has acted for Aboriginal Communities in WA and the Northern Territory, participated in many rallies and spoken at different events defending the rights of Indigenous Australians, refugees, ethnic minority groups and genocide survivors and denouncing all forms of racism and anti-Semitism and human rights abuse.
### Other matters {#other_matters}
Newhouse has represented gay activist Gary Burns in two of his homosexual vilification cases. Newhouse had an assault charge dismissed against a 64-year-old grandmother, Leentije (Eva) McDonald, who was searched by NSW Police outside a pub in `{{NSWcity|Maroubra}}`{=mediawiki} in unusual circumstances. Newhouse acted for the Emden Family in their efforts to have their claim, that the painting \'Lady with a fan\', by Gerard ter Borch was stolen from their grandfather Max Emden by German army officials during World War II, recognised by the National Gallery of Victoria. In 2015 Newhouse won a defamation case against Newscorp blogger Andrew Bolt, who had alleged that Newhouse had fraudulently asserted that a number of Sri Lankan people attempting to reach Australia by boat were asylum seekers. Newscorp were ordered to remove the offending articles.
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# George Newhouse
## Political career {#political_career}
### Local government {#local_government}
Newhouse served as a Labor councillor on Waverley Council from 1995 to 2008 (representing Hunter Ward, which covers North Bondi, Rose Bay, Dover Heights and parts of Vaucluse). He was active in the various local government committees, participating in the Finance, Ethics and Community Services Committees and chairing the Development Control Committee. He was a founding member of the Waverley-Woollahra Bondi Junction Joint Planning Committee, and chaired the Waverley Council Bondi Junction Committee during a period of major upgrade including the \$600 million Westfield redevelopment and the upgrade of Oxford Street. Newhouse was elected to the executive of the NSW Local Government Association in 2004. Newhouse was elected Deputy Mayor of Waverley in 2004 and became Mayor in September 2006. As Mayor, he undertook \"back-to-basics\" reforms by upgrading Bondi Park, Campbell Parade and Hall Street, moving Waverley Council\'s Service Centre and Planning Counter to Bondi Junction, creating a \"mobile Mayoral unit\" to keep in touch with local residents, and emphasising the need to combat climate change at a local level, by committing Waverley Council to be carbon-neutral within five years and supporting other environmentally-friendly initiatives. Newhouse did not recontest the 2008 local government election.
### Federal politics {#federal_politics}
Newhouse was endorsed in May 2007 as the Labor candidate for the federal electorate of Wentworth, held by the Liberal member, Malcolm Turnbull; at the time the Minister for Environment in the Howard Government. In order to contest the election, Newhouse resigned as Mayor of Waverley. Although Wentworth had never been won by Labor, there was speculation that after a redistribution it might be winnable. Newhouse backed Labor\'s support of the construction of the Bell Bay Pulp Mill in the Tamar Valley, Tasmania. Newhouse\'s decision led to criticism from the Australian Greens and other environmentalists. Two candidates, former Sydney Deputy Mayor Dixie Coulton and Danielle Ecuyer, nominated against Newhouse as anti-pulp mill candidates.
A few days before the election, Turnbull made claims that Newhouse\'s nomination as a candidate was invalid because Newhouse did not resign from his positions on the Consumer, Trader and Tenancy Tribunal and the Workers Compensation Commission before nominating. Newhouse and the Labor Party denied that he had not resigned before nominating and dismissed the allegations by pointing to section 1 (e) of Schedule 2 of the Consumer Trader and Tenancy Tribunal Act which automatically vacated his office as a member of the Tribunal when Newhouse nominated for election as a member of a House of Parliament of the Commonwealth. In the days before the election the Liberal Party increased its attacks on Newhouse by revealing that a Newhouse campaign worker, former National Union of Students President Rose Jackson, had allegedly espoused \"anti-Zionist views\" in an email during her tenure with the NUS. Jackson said she had \"not understood the proper definition of Zionism\" at the time she wrote the email and that she supported the right of Israel to exist as a Jewish homeland.
On polling day Newhouse was assaulted by a prominent journalist Caroline Overington at their local polling booth. The editor-in-chief of *The Australian*, Chris Mitchell, mediated the dispute between the two. and *The Australian* published an apology to Newhouse on 4 December 2007.
Newhouse increased Labor\'s primary vote at the 2007 election, taking Labor to within 3.85% of victory.`{{Circular reference|date=June 2020}}`{=mediawiki}
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# George Newhouse
## Other community involvement {#other_community_involvement}
In 2004 Newhouse was appointed to the NSW Architects Registration Board to represent the views of local government; and he is a former board member of the Australian Women Chamber of Commerce & Industry. In 2008 Newhouse and Warren Mundine established the Australian Indigenous Chamber of Commerce to promote indigenous entrepreneurship. Newhouse was a director of the chamber to 2012. Newhouse is also a member of the Board of the Stolen Generations Testimony Foundation and was a Member of the advisory board of the Alex Buzo Company between 2007 and 2010. George also became a committee member of the Australian Climate Justice Program in November 2017. In August 2009 Newhouse assisted with the establishment of the Adrian Lam Foundation for youth in PNG through education and sport. Newhouse has been the company secretary for The McKell Institute, a progressive public policy institute dedicated to developing practical policy ideas and contributing to public debate, since its inception in 2011. In 2017 Newhouse became a committee member of the Climate Justice Programme
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# National Medal (Australia)
The **National Medal** is an Australian award given for long service by operational members of specified eligible organisations. It was introduced in 1975, as an original component of the new Australian honours system, and replaced a range of medals available to military and civilian uniformed services for long service and good conduct. The eligible groups have in common that their members serve or protect the community at the risk of death, injury or trauma, hence it is only available to members of the eligible organisations who are operationally deployed. In the case of corrective services, eligibility is restricted to officers with custodial duties.
## Description
- The National Medal is a circular bronze medal, ensigned with the Crown of St Edward. The obverse shows the arms of the commonwealth of Australia within a rim carrying the inscription \"The National Medal for Service\" in capital letters.
- The reverse is plain.
- The 32 mm-wide ribbon has 15 alternating gold and blue stripes. These colours are the livery colours of Australia, derived from the torse of the coat of arms of Australia.
- The clasp is a bronze bar having 10 raised hemispheres. When the ribbon is worn alone, the award of a clasp is indicated by a ribbon emblem in the form of a representation of the medal.
## History
The award was originally available to members of the Australian Defence Force (ADF), Australian police services, fire services and ambulance services. Eligible service was only counted after a person turned 18, and service had to be continuous.
In 1982, the ADF withdrew from the National Medal, with the introduction of the Defence Force Service Awards (comprising the Defence Force Service Medal, the Reserve Force Decoration and the Reserve Force Medal). Even now, however, ADF service can be counted towards the National Medal under certain circumstances. At the same time, it was made explicit that service would be taken into account for the award regardless of whether it was full-time or part-time, paid or unpaid. This allowed volunteer fire fighters to qualify for the medal.
In 1986, the Australian Protective Service was admitted to eligibility, followed in 1987 by the Australian correctional services and Australian emergency services.
In 1999, the regulations governing the National Medal were completely revised and re-issued by Letters Patent to modify many points of eligibility, and to allow the addition of government and voluntary search and rescue organisations without the need to seek amendments to the Letters Patent by the monarch. The governor-general of the Commonwealth of Australia can now determine, by written instrument, that additional organisations are eligible.
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# National Medal (Australia)
## History
### National Police Service Medal {#national_police_service_medal}
On 2 March 2011, the Australian Government announced that Queen Elizabeth II had signed Letters Patent on Tuesday 9 November 2010 instituting a new award within the Australian honours and awards system to accord \"recognition for the unique contribution and significant commitment of those persons who have given ethical and diligent service as a sworn member of an Australian police service.\" This new award is to be known as the National Police Service Medal. All Australian police will now receive the National Police Service Medal to recognise their contribution to policing, as well as the National Medal to recognise their long service upon completion of 15 years ethical and diligent service.
## Eligibility
The National Medal recognises those who put themselves at risk in the service of the community, or in the course of enforcing the law to protect persons and property. The regulations governing the award use the term \"primary function\" to describe this concept. Members of eligible organisations who do not perform the \"primary function\" are therefore not eligible, for example, administrative staff of fire services, or non-custodial staff of correctional services, however emergency service dispatchers and communications officers who take 000 calls and co-ordinate the movement of fire and ambulance appliances are eligible to receive the award, after amendment to regulations.
To qualify, a person must have served an eligible organisation for at least 15 years in the primary function, and the chief officer of the organisation must assess their service as \"diligent\". From 1999 service did not have to be continuous, and the only restriction on counting service with several eligible organisations is that simultaneous service with more than one organisation is only counted once (i.e. no double-counting). Service must include at least one day on or after 14 February 1975 (the day the award was established) and at least one day on or after the \"approval date\" for at least one organisation served. For the original organisations (police, fire, ambulance, defence) the \"approval date\" is 14 February 1975. Other organisations have approval dates as determined by the governor-general, which ensures that a person whose service entirely pre-dates approval as an eligible organisation can\'t claim the award.
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# National Medal (Australia)
## Nominations
The chief officer of each eligible organisation is authorised to recommend to the governor-general that an award be made to a member of their organisation. Where a person\'s eligible service spans several organisations, it is the current, or most recent chief officer who makes the recommendation. Organisations periodically submit schedules of multiple awards to Government House rather than sending them one at a time. The process is the same for awards of clasps indicating a further 10 years of service.
## Documentation
The regulations governing the award, a list of eligible organisations, and the Chief Officers Manual for the National Medal are available from the National Medal page of the Australian honours website
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# WZNL
**WZNL** (94.3 FM, \"The Breeze\") is a radio station licensed to Norway, Michigan, United States, and serving the Norway, Iron Mountain, and Kingsford areas of Michigan\'s Upper Peninsula. The station broadcasts a soft adult contemporary music format.
## History
The station signed on the air as *\"94.3 Michigan\'s Northern Lites\"*, with a soft adult contemporary format on March 15, 1990. In the early 2000s, the station flipped to a hot adult contemporary format as *\"Z-94.3\"*, and later *\"Star 94.3\"* in 2003. In July 2020, WZNL dropped its hot adult contemporary and returned back to its soft adult contemporary, branded as *\"The Breeze\"*
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# The Stanford Jonah
**\"The Stanford Jonah\"** is a fight song of the University of California, Berkeley written in 1913 by Ted Haley as an entry into a song contest held by the Daily Californian. The song gained popularity when the campus glee club traveled to Europe where the song was a hit and it continues to be a hit at most sporting events, but specifically at events between the California Golden Bears and their rival, the Stanford Cardinal. Georgia Tech\'s \"White And Gold\", The Naval Academy\'s \"Up With The Navy\", and the University of Montana\'s \"Up With Montana\" share this tune as well.
## Controversy and explanation {#controversy_and_explanation}
There is a small controversy about the chorus of this song. In 1914, the University of Montana says that they originated this part with their fight song, \"Up With Montana.\" The U.S. Naval Academy has the written permission of the University of Montana to use this song under the name \"Up With The Navy.\" The Georgia Institute of Technology claims this song, with adapted lyrics, under the name of \"White and Gold\" as their rivalry Fight song against the University of Georgia. They also say that the University of Montana adopted the song from them. The University of California holds this song as its own, and since the song \"White And Gold\" came out after 1929, they state that it is probable that Georgia Tech got it from them after the 1929 Rose Bowl since the two teams have played each other rarely.
## Lyrics
### Lyric references {#lyric_references}
- The *battle axe* referred to is the Stanford Axe which is a perpetual football trophy with a history of being stolen.
- *The Big Game* referred to is the Big Game (football) which pits the California Golden Bears against the Stanford Cardinal in one of the most celebrated college rivalries.
- The *Oski that rips through the air* refers to an old cheer used by the Golden Bears at football games called \"The Oski Yell\" that has since been abandoned, but Oski is now the university mascot.
- \"We\'ll drop our battle axe on Stanford\'s head, chop!\" refers to Stanford\'s previous mascot the Indians, which was later deemed culturally insensitive in 1972, and changed to the Stanford Tree in subsequent years
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# Wall of Fire (album)
***Wall of Fire*** is the second solo album by Canadian singer-songwriter Peter Elkas, produced by former Bob Dylan collaborator Charlie Sexton. It was released 20 March 2007 on MapleMusic Recordings.
Ron Sexsmith sings harmony vocals on the track \"Willpower\".
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Fall Apart Again\"
2. \"Willpower\"
3. \"Paid Back\"
4. \"Sweet Nancy\"
5. \"Wall of Fire\"
6. \"Darling See\"
7. \"Something Beaming\"
8. \"My Well Runs Deeper\"
9. \"Sunlight\"
10
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# List of Lone Wolf media
The following is a list of media published in the *Lone Wolf* series of gamebooks, and other derivative media based on the gamebooks. The original gamebook series, and the bulk of subsequent Lone Wolf media, was written by Joe Dever. The success and cult status of the original gamebooks helped in the creation of a spin-off called The World of Lone Wolf, written by Ian Page, a series of novelizations, a collection of role-playing games, other gamebooks set in the same universe, a number of video games and other derivative works.
## Printed media {#printed_media}
### Main gamebook series {#main_gamebook_series}
Although they form one full series numbered 1 to 32, the Lone Wolf gamebooks are in fact subdivided in four subseries. In the Kai Series (books 1 to 5), we follow Lone Wolf as he climbs the steps to become a Kai Lord of the Magnakai level. In the Magnakai Series (books 6 to 12), Lone Wolf collects the Lorestones so he could reach the Grand Master level, the highest level a Kai Lord could achieve in the First Kai Order. In the Grand Master series (books 13 to 20), Lone Wolf discovers that there are even higher levels a Kai Lord could achieve, up to the point of Supreme Kai Master. In the New Order series (books 21 to 32), we play as a member of the Second Kai Order already at the level of a Grand Master. The yet to be published book 32 will belong to this subseries.
#### Kai series {#kai_series}
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Name | Release date |
+===================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================+======================================+
| | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *Flight from the Dark* | 1984 (2007 for the Extended version) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| At the Kai Monastery is a young initiate, given the name Silent Wolf. On the feastday of Fehmarn, when all the Kai Lords gather at the monastery, Silent Wolf is sent to cut wood from the surrounding forest as a punishment for his inattention in class. While he is gone, a surprise attack is launched from the Darklands at several places across Sommerlund. The Monastery is assaulted and the gathered Kai Lords massacred. Returning from the woods to find himself the only survivor, Silent Wolf renames himself Lone Wolf and sets out for the capital to inform the King of the loss of the Kai. | |
| | |
| According to sales figures, this first book sold over 100,000 copies in its first month of publication alone. | |
| | |
| Mongoose Publishing has republished this gamebook in the summer of 2007, featuring new internal artwork by Richard Longmore, with the story being an extended director\'s cut version extensively rewritten by Joe Dever. Among other changes in this new version, instead of being sent outside the Monastery to gather wood, Silent Wolf is punished by being summoned for a special training session with his master one early morning. Silent Wolf is then present at the Monastery during the attack of the Darklords and plays an important part in it. | |
| | |
| A homebrew version of the book with rich graphics and sound has been released, it is playable on the Nintendo DS with a flashcard. | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *Fire on the Water* | 1984 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Having informed the King of Sommerlund about the fate of the Kai Order, Lone Wolf is instructed to make a journey to their ally and neighbor country of Durenor to retrieve the legendary Sommerswerd, which is Sommerlund\'s only hope at repelling Darklord Zagarna\'s massive invasion. | |
| | |
| The book was illustrated by Gary Chalk. The introduction of the Sommerswerd and its awesome power within the subsequent books made some fans question whether Joe Dever\'s intention of making every book accomplishable on its own still realistic. The plot and story of this book was generally greeted favorably by readers, although the \"Tunnel to Hammerdal Chokepoint\" (along with some accompanying errata in some editions) detracted from the enjoyment of some. The book was awarded Gamebook of the Year 1986. A homebrew version of the book with rich graphics and sound has been released, it is playable on the Nintendo DS with a flashcard. | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *The Caverns of Kalte* | 1984 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| After the invasion force of Archlord Zagarna was destroyed, Vonotar, the Sommlending mage who betrayed his country, escaped to the icy arctic region of Kalte. Lone Wolf is appointed by the king to seek him out and bring him to justice. | |
| | |
| This book ends with Lone Wolf battling a giant undead monster, and defeating Vonotar with the help of the freed magician Loi-Kymar. | |
| | |
| If the reader is unable to defeat Vonotar quickly enough, an alternative ending occurs where Loi-Kymar is slain in mental combat with Vonotar. In this ending, Vonotar escapes, Loi-Kymar\'s secrets die with him, and the player returns to the ship to regretfully inform his shipmates that his mission has failed. It is the only time in any Lone Wolf book where the story ends without a victory or Lone Wolf\'s death. | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *The Chasm of Doom* | 1985 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| In this book, Lone Wolf is charged by the King of Sommerlund to investigate the disappearance of a troop of cavalry. The cavalry, led by a man named Captain D\'Val, themselves disappeared under mysterious circumstances while investigating a disruption in the flow of mined resources from the province of Ruanon. Lone Wolf, along with the fifty Sommlending soldiers who accompany him, must uncover the truth surrounding the missing men and stop the rebirth of an ancient evil. | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *Shadow on the Sand* | 1985 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Once more, Lone Wolf must set out on a mission bestowed upon him by the king. This time however, the mission is a diplomatic one, in which a crucial peace treaty must be signed in the far away desert empire of Vassagonia. | |
| | |
| But as always, things are more complex than they seem, and peace is elusive. Lone Wolf walks into a trap from which he barely escapes, and must face foul enemies, reunite with old friends and do battle with the prime Darklord, Haakon, to regain a secret artifact which will determine the fate of the Kai Order: the Book of the Magnakai. | |
| | |
| At the time of its publication, this adventure was the only one to not feature 350 sections, having 400 instead. During the initial run of the series, only another book, The Hunger of Sejanoz (book 28), would not feature the traditional 350 sections, being shortened to 300 by the publisher. | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
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# List of Lone Wolf media
## Printed media {#printed_media}
### Main gamebook series {#main_gamebook_series}
#### Magnakai series {#magnakai_series}
Name Release date
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------
*The Kingdoms of Terror* 1985
In order to fulfill his pledge to restore the Kai, Lone Wolf must first himself become a Kai Grand Master. To accomplish this monumental task, he must retrieve the Lorestones led only by the wisdom of Sun Eagle, the first Kai Grand Master. As the last of the Kai, there is little to guide Lone Wolf in his studies, except for a faded inscription in the Book of the Magnakai directing him to seek the Lorestone of Varetta. And so, Lone Wolf sets off for Varetta in the Stornlands, far to the south of Sommerlund, to find this ancient relic and revive the glory of the Kai.
*Castle Death* 1986
In his quest to attain Kai Grand Master status, Lone Wolf must seek out and find 7 Lorestones. After obtaining the Lorestone of Varetta in the previous book and absorbing its wisdom and power, the location of the next Lorestone is revealed as the remote township of Herdos. Here, Lone Wolf is directed by friendly Elder Magi to search within the accursed fortress of Kazan-Oud, otherwise known as \"Castle Death\". There he is forced to face harrowing traps, and the ancient enemies of the Magicians of Dessi in order to retrieve the second Lorestone and secure the future of his people.
*The Jungle of Horrors* 1986
After surviving the perils of Castle Death and being tutored by the Elder Magi, Lone Wolf must now seek out the third Lorestone and recover further lost secrets of the Magnakai. The location of this Lorestone is thought to be hidden in a temple deep within a jungle-swamp known as the Danarg. Over the years, this fetid swamp has become the home for any number of evil creatures who seek to protect the jungle and its treasures. To make matters worse, news is delivered that the Darklords have united behind a new leader, and may soon again bring war to Magnamund, enhancing the urgency of Lone Wolf\'s quest.
*The Cauldron of Fear* 1987
As Lone Wolf races to recover the remaining Lorestones, he learns that the next one resides deep underground, beneath the streets of the city of Tahou. Unfortunately, the war against the Darklords has not been going well, and Tahou is now in danger of falling before Lone Wolf even reaches it. If it falls before the Lorestone is recovered, all of Magnamund may be doomed. Lone Wolf must travel into the heart of danger, avoid the armies of the Darklords and find his way into Tahou without his enemies learning of his quest.
*The Dungeons of Torgar* 1987
After discovering that the three remaining Lorestones have fallen into the hands of the Darklords, Lone Wolf and his allies must formulate a daring plan to recover them. It is rumored that the stones are in the dark Drakkarim city of Torgar, where evil sorcerers search for a means to destroy the stones. Once more, Lone Wolf must make haste in an attempt to recover the Lorestones before their destruction, plunging into the very heart of darkness and a trap that threatens to banish him from Magnamund for all time.
*The Prisoners of Time* 1987
Although Lone Wolf is successful in rescuing one of the captive Lorestones from Torgar, both he and the remaining two Lorestones are blasted through a portal by Darklord Gnaag. After plummeting through the Shadow Gate, Lone Wolf finds himself trapped on the Daziarn Plane and must join strange allies and face old enemies if he hopes to make his way out of the Daziarn in time to save his homeland from destruction at the hands of the Darklords.
*The Masters of Darkness* 1988
After his struggles in the plane of Daziarn, Lone Wolf finally recovers the last of the Lorestones and finds a Shadow Gate back to his home. Unfortunately, upon his return, he finds that considerable time has passed and that, in his absence, the Darklords have conquered much of Magnamund. Now with all of the Lorestones wisdom absorbed within him, and the hopes of Sommerlund and all the free peoples of Magnamund on his shoulders, Lone Wolf must travel into the very depths of Helgedad, confront Gnaag himself and struggle to stop the raging Darklord menace once and for all.
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# List of Lone Wolf media
## Printed media {#printed_media}
### Main gamebook series {#main_gamebook_series}
#### Grand Master series {#grand_master_series}
Name Release date
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------
*The Plague Lords of Ruel* 1990
After the events of the previous series of books, Lone Wolf has taken up training new Kai recruits, and under his tutelage, the Kai have been re-founded. Even though peace reigns for the moment, chaos is once again poised to unfold, as a group of Cenerese druids plot to unleash a massive plague upon all of Magnamund. The Elder Magi enlist the aid of the Lone Wolf to find the source of this plague and destroy it before it can be released.
*The Captives of Kaag* 1991
Three months after the events of The Plague Lords of Ruel, Lone Wolf learns that his friend, Guildmaster Banedon, has been abducted by a band of Giaks under the command of Nadziranim sorcerers. It is suspected that they are planning to torture him to extract magical techniques which can be united with their own dark sorcery. Lone Wolf and the reader must venture to Kaag, where Banedon is held, and attempt a rescue before he meets his demise, or worse, yields the coveted magical secrets of left-handed magic.
*The Darke Crusade* 1991
Once more, Lone Wolf\'s help is sought by a monarch, this time, King Sarnac of Lencia. While battling the Drakkarim under control of Magnaarn, the High Warlord of Darke, the Lencians have discovered that Magnaarn seeks an ancient artifact, the Doomstone of Darke. It is feared that he is close to discovering this artifact, and with it, the power to rally the Nadziaranim sorcerers and other Darklord allies against Lencia. Lone Wolf and the reader take up the cause of Lencia to stop the forces of evil from recovering the Doomstone of Darke, in order to thwart Magnaarn\'s aims.
*The Legacy of Vashna* 1991
Long ago, Vashna, the greatest of all Darklords, was defeated in battle by King Ulnar of Sommerlund. But the victory was not complete, for while his body was destroyed, his spirit, as well as the spirits of his troops, remain trapped deep within the Maakengorge. Now, Lone Wolf learns of strange sightings in the area near the Maakengorge, suggesting that there may be a plot afoot to resurrect Vashna. Lone Wolf and the reader set out to uncover the nature of the threat, and to see if, indeed, Vashna will return.
*The Deathlord of Ixia* 1992
Following the events of *The Legacy of Vashna*, the Deathstaff, the artefact which was to be used in the Darklord\'s resurrection, resurfaces in the icy realm of Ixia to the very west of the Darklands. Lone Wolf must travel into this harsh land, frozen in time and ice by a dread curse, and destroy the demonic lord who has gained possession of the staff.
*Dawn of the Dragons* 1992
Just before Lone Wolf has had time to recover from his most recent mission, dire news reach him: the New Order of the Kai is once again besieged by Naar\'s dark forces. Lone Wolf must race back to Sommerlund, chased by assassins and treacherous agents of the Dark God, to help his apprentices in the time of their greatest test.
*Wolf\'s Bane* 1993
An evil doppelganger of Lone Wolf appears in Sommerlund and wreaks havoc among its helpless people, challenging Lone Wolf to a duel, which is to take place in a high-tech world long consigned to Naar. It is there that Lone Wolf learns about the whereabouts of the most significant artefact of his world\'s history: the fabulous Moonstone of the Shianti.
*The Curse of Naar* 1993
Once again, Lone Wolf must journey to the Plane of Darkness to snatch the Moonstone from Naar before the Dark God can harness its untold powers even further for his nefarious schemes. With only a fell tome and his skills to help him, Lone Wolf embarks on perhaps the most hazardous mission he has ever undertaken \...
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# List of Lone Wolf media
## Printed media {#printed_media}
### Main gamebook series {#main_gamebook_series}
#### New Order series {#new_order_series}
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Name | Release date |
+============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================+======================================+
| | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *Voyage of the Moonstone* | 1994 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| The Moonstone is a legendary artefact that was created by the godlike Shianti. It contains the might of all their magic and wisdom, the sum of their divine knowledge. Lone Wolf -- Supreme Master of the Kai -- has succeeded in retrieving it from the clutches of Naar, the King of the Darkness. | |
| | |
| Now the Moonstone must be returned to its creators who are exiled upon the remote Isle of Lorn in southern Magnamund. Someone must take the fabled artefact to the Shianti and Lone Wolf has chosen you, the most promising warrior, among the ranks of the New Order Kai, to carry out this vital mission. Armed with the special weapons and skills of a Grand Master, you embark upon a secret voyage to the distant Isle of Lorn. However, your mission becomes a life and death struggle when you encounter intrigue and danger en route. | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *The Buccaneers of Shadaki* | 1994 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| This is the second half of Lone Wolf\'s apprentice\'s voyage to the Isle of Lorn to return the Moonstone to its proper place among the Shianti. | |
| | |
| The book is notable for retracing, in a sense, the steps of the protagonist Grey Star in The World of Lone Wolf series. Major characters and events from that series, such as Grey Star, Agarash the Damned, Shasarak the Wytch-King and Mother Magri, are referenced in passing, and a number of important locations such as the city of Shadaki and the Inn of the Laughing Moon in Suhn make cameo appearances. | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *Mydnight\'s Hero* | 1995 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| The King of Siyen has been assassinated. Prince Karvas is the sole heir of this rich and powerful realm but he lives in exile in distant Sheasu -- \'the Isle of Lost Heroes\'. In his absence, evil Baron Sadanzo and his army of robber knights have staked their claim to the vacant throne. In Mydnight\'s Hero, your quest is to voyage to Sheasu and track down Prince Karvas in the fabled city of Mydnight. Once found you must persuade him to return with you to Siyen without delay. You have only 50 days in which to complete this challenging quest or Siyen will be enslaved by the tyrannical Sadanzo and his brutal followers. | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *Rune War* | 1995 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Evil Lord Vandyan of Eldenora has unearthed the lost secrets of rune magics used by Agarash the Damned during his ancient conquest of Magnamund. Empowered by his discoveries, Vandyan unleashes his armies upon the peaceful realms of the Free Alliance with swift and devastating effect. Lone Wolf, Supreme Master of the Kai, leads the crusade to defeat Vandyan before all Magnamund succumbs to his tyrannical rule. Your task is to infiltrate Skull-Tor, Lord Vandyan\'s stronghold, and destroy the ancient runes from which he draws his evil power. | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *Trail of the Wolf* | 1997 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Lone Wolf has been abducted by the forces of the Dark God Naar and imprisoned in a remote city-fortress on the border of the Darklands. Subjected to relentless attacks by the minions of evil, the Supreme Master of the Kai is surely doomed to die unless a rescue can be affected swiftly and successfully. You must venture alone into the dreaded stronghold of Gazad Helkona to find and free your leader. | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *The Fall of Blood Mountain* | 1997 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| For centuries the Shom\'zaa has lain incarcerated and forgotten in a granite prison located deep below the mountains of Bor. Now this terrifying beast has accidentally been set free, and its hunger for vengeance knows no bounds. With a horde of vile minions at its command, swiftly the Shom\'zaa enacts its sinister plan to destroy King Ryvin and the wondrous realm of the Drodarin dwarves. You must journey to the subterranean kingdom of the dwarves and attempt to save your ancient allies from the wrath of the Shom\'zaa. | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *Vampirium* | 1998 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| The Claw of Naar is the evil wand of power used by Agarash the Damned during his ancient conquest of Magnamund. Legend held that it had been lost forever in the molten ruins of Naaros, but now it has resurfaced, and its dread return heralds a dawn of disaster for the peaceable nations of Magnamund. Your allies, the wise wizards of the Elder Magi, have the power and the means to destroy the accursed Claw, but they do not possess it. In Vampirium, you must venture into the hostile land of Bhanar and snatch the Claw from the clutches of the evil Autarch Sejanoz. | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *The Hunger of Sejanoz* | 1998 (2022 for the extended version) |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| After escaping Bhanar with the Claw of Naar and having given it to the Elder Magi in the previous adventure, the Grand Master doesn\'t have the time to relax in the neighbouring Chai: there is news of an invasion force sent by the Autarch Sejanoz of Bhanar to lay siege to the palace in Pensei, capital of the country. Xo-lin, Khea Khan of Chai, must be rescued and brought to sanctuary in the distant city of Tazhan across the Lissanian Plain and safeguarded from the hunger of the vile Sejanoz. | |
| | |
| Originally published with only 300 sections, the book was expanded to 350 sections by Holmgard Press in 2022, adding various new branching paths through the course of the adventure. | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *The Storms of Chai* | 2016 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| After retrieving it in *Vampirium*, you have handed over the Claw of Naar to the Elder Magi who had since then tried to destroy it. That was 18 years ago but the Elder Magi are still trying to figure out how to annihilate this evil item. You are now living in the new Kai Monastery on the Isle of Lorn and grim news are brought to your attention: several hordes of Agarashi have been spotted all over Magnamund, one of them marching towards the country of Chai, ruled by the young Khea-khan Lao Tin. The reason: one of the gems that embellish the Khea-khan\'s throne is the Eye of Agarash, a stone that can be coupled with the Claw of Naar to increase its destructive power. Your mission is to retrieve the Eye of Agarash before your enemies and bring it back to the Elder Magi. | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *Dead in the Deep* | 2019 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Kai Grand Master Steel Hand is imprisoned in the ruins of the ancient Lyrisian city of Emolyria, on the brink of the Maakengorge, the largest mustering points of the servants of darkness. The Brotherhood of the Crystal Star and the Sages of Varetta have prepared a diversion to allow you to infiltrate Emolyria\'s vast subterranean dungeons to save Steel Hand. However, in the depths of Northern Magnamund lies a terrible but forgotten power, the true legacy of the Darklords, harnessed by the evil denizens of Emolyria. Fiery, hungry, and fed by the endless pain of the Restless Dead. Ready to rise from Maakengorge and consume your world. Will you succeed where one of your comrades has failed? | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *The Dusk of Eternal Night* | 2020 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Archlord Vashna has returned. Sommerlund is under threat of invasion, and as a commander in Lone Wolf\'s army, you must prepare to face the Legion of the Restless Dead. But another tide of Darkness rises to threaten all Magnamund, in the Dark God Naar\'s unholy name. You will uncover a secret society, shrouded in mystery. Some hide among the courts, guilds and armies of the Freelands, others amongst the black sorcerers and warriors of the Darklands. In an epic adventure spanning Southern Magnamund, you must infiltrate hidden lairs protected by ancient spells in a race against time to stop them. They who for millennia have schemed, preparing a ritual to free the True Son of Naar. | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *Light of the Kai, Vol. 1* | TBA 2025 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *Light of the Kai, Vol. 2* | TBA |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
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# List of Lone Wolf media
## Printed media {#printed_media}
### Spin-off gamebook series {#spin_off_gamebook_series}
#### The World of Lone Wolf {#the_world_of_lone_wolf}
All four *World of Lone Wolf* books were written by Ian Page and edited by Joe Dever. In 2005 the gamebooks were made available for free download at Project Aon.
The series plays for the most part at the tip of south-eastern Magnamund, in the land then known as the Shadakine Empire, and features Grey Star, a human that was raised by the Shianti, a race of demi-gods.
According to a 2008 interview with Joe Dever, Grey Star was actually the principal character that Ian Page played in Dever\'s *Dungeons & Dragons* campaign in the late 1970s. Since Ian Page had created a detailed backstory for Grey Star and fleshed out many aspects of southern Magnamund, Joe Dever convinced him to write a four-book story arc centered on this character, and to include his contributions in the Magnamund setting.
In February 2015, Joe Dever announced on Facebook that the *World of Lone Wolf* series will be republished in deluxe edition by Mantikore Verlag in German. In November 2016, Megara Entertainment launched a successful Kickstarter campaign to republish the first book of this series in English. A subsequent successfully-funded campaign failed to produce any rewards for backers and Megara Entertainment was later dissolved.
Name Release date
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------
*Grey Star the Wizard* 1985
A tyrant called Shasarak the Wytch-King has subjugated the people and with the help of seven Shadaki Wytches is ruling with an iron fist. The Shianti, members of a mystical race, wish to help, but because of their exile on the Isle of Lorn they are forced to remain neutral in the conflict. However, one night the situation changes when a storm wrecks a vessel near the island, with a human infant being the only survivor. In this child the Shianti see a chance to help the people of Magnamund without breaking their vow to Ishir, and they raise the boy in the arts of magic, giving him the name Grey Star: the star as the symbol of hope, and grey for the white-grey streak the boy has in his dark hair. Once his training is complete, Grey Star is sent out to retrieve the Moonstone, an ancient Shianti artefact, from the Daziarn, for only with its power can Shasarak be defeated
*The Forbidden City* 1986
The Second installment of the World of Lone Wolf series takes place after Grey Star has found the Lost Tribe of Azanam. Grey Star begins his journey with the aid of a Kundi mystic named Urik, and journeys through Desolation Valley, beyond the Mountains of Morn. There, he makes new allies, faces new dangers, and helps to stoke the flames of a fledgling rebellion against the Shadakine Empire, all in a desperate attempt to find the Shadow Gate and travel through it to the Daziarn plane and retrieve the Moonstone of the Shianti.
*Beyond the Nightmare Gate* 1986
In an attempt to find the lost Moonstone of the Shianti and destroy the Shadakine empire, Grey Star made his way to the location of the Shadow Gate and beyond into the realm of the Daziarn itself. The Daziarn is a shadow realm with many strange beings and fearsome creatures inhabiting it. Grey Star is forced to travel across the gray plains of the Neverness to find the Moonstone but comes upon an unexpected ally; Tanith, the young witch apprentice who became his companion in *Grey Star the Wizard* and was kidnapped by Shasarak\'s demonic servant. With her help, he must retrieve the Moonstone and find a way to return to Magnamund if the Wytch-King is to be defeated.
*War of the Wizards* 1986
In this, the final installment of the World of Lone Wolf, Grey Star and Tanith have just completed a harrowing quest in the Shadow realm of the Daziarn. Upon retrieving the Moonstone, the two return to Magnamund to find the forces of good and evil poised on the brink of final conflict. Shasarak has enlisted the aid of the dreaded demon lord Agarash the Damned in order to eradicate the resistance movement once and for all. Battling their way through hordes of demons and undead minions, Grey Star and Tanith must struggle to rejoin the Freedom Guild, defeat the forces of the Wytch-King, and fulfil his destiny and promise to the Shianti.
#### Autumn Snow {#autumn_snow}
In the years 2010--2011, the French associative editor Scriptarium published original adventures in its webzine *Draco Venturus*. These adventures formed the *Autumn Snow* series, featuring the eponymous female Kai Lord from the Second Kai Order, and is written by French-Canadian author Martin Charbonneau. In September 2014, Megara Entertainment announced that it would publish these adventures in a gamebook format, both in French and English. Joe Dever approved the series which features artwork by Gary Chalk. However, Megara Entertainment closed before the whole series was published.
In episode 20 of the podcast *Journeys Through Magnamund*, it was announced that Holmgard Press would publish the seven planned books of the series. On October 24th, 2024, Holmgard Press officially released revised versions of the first two books of the series, along with the third one.
Name Release date
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------
*The Pit of Darkness* 2015, revised version: 2024
Originally published in French in the first issue of *Draco Venturus*, summer 2010.
*The Wildlands Hunt* 2019, revised version: 2024
Originally published in French in the second issue of *Draco Venturus*, summer 2011.
*Slaves of the Mire* 2024
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# List of Lone Wolf media
## Printed media {#printed_media}
### Spin-off gamebook series {#spin_off_gamebook_series}
#### The Huntress {#the_huntress}
In February 2024, Holmgard Press released *The Huntress*, a trilogy of gamebooks written by long-time fan Jonathan Stark. This trilogy is set 50 years before the start of the main series and features a bounty-hunter known as The Huntress trying to recover her memory. But the search of her past will also lead her to discover truths that could have an impact on all Magnamund.
A prologue to the trilogy, called *Shadows Over Fire*, was published online and can be played for free.
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| Name | Release date |
+===================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================+==============+
| | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| *Marked for Death* | 2024 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| Eight years ago, in MS 4992, you stumbled out of the Vassagonia Dry Main, your surcoat torn and covered in blood. You bore no memory of how you came to be in the desert, or who gave you your wounds. You soon became a mercenary and bounty hunter and though you have never stopped searching for your true name, a new one has been given to you by your clients. They call you the Huntress. | |
| | |
| Now, you come to the magical city of Toran, where the last of the noble Haert family has promised to tell you who you are in exchange for finding a lost relic of their house. Your hunt will take you on a mad chase through the city and a race for the truth --- for you are not the only one after the Haert\'s secrets. | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| *Quelling of the Flame* | 2024 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| After years of searching, a clue to your past has emerged. A secret society known as The Waking Flame claims to know who you are and where you come from. To find them you must head to the ancient land of Dessi, but the task will not be an easy one --- even for The Huntress. | |
| | |
| You must now travel to Dalobu, where forces more powerful and sinister than you could have imagined vie for control of the war-torn city. If you survive, the answers you seek may be kept in the Wandering Keep, a fortress that was never meant to be found, deep within the deadly Serpent Swamp. | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| *Echoes of Eternity* | 2024 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| Many centuries ago, there was an island known as Voltac, a place of learning where it is said sickness and sorrow had been defeated. Then Naar destroyed the island forever, creating in its place the Dessi Trench. It is a place that no one dares to sail, but for you, it is the one place you can find the truth of who you are. | |
| | |
| In the final book of The Huntress trilogy, questions long asked may at last be answered. But tread lightly, for in uncovering your past you may unearth a betrayal thousands of years in the making. How the story ends is up to you - will you learn the truth? Or will you be crushed under the hand of Naar? | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
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| 5 |
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# List of Lone Wolf media
## Printed media {#printed_media}
### Spin-off gamebook series {#spin_off_gamebook_series}
#### Chronicles of Magnamund (Holmgard Press) {#chronicles_of_magnamund_holmgard_press}
In April 2025, Holmgard Press released the \"Chronicles of Magnamund\", an anthology series of gamebooks featuring various protagonists written by different authors. Each book explore a different genre of story-telling, from sci-fi to steampunk along with horror. The series reuse the name of \"Chronicles of Magnamund\" that was used by Mongoose Publishing for the novels set in the same universe but is not linked to that series.
Name Author Release date
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------
*Twilight\'s Edge* August Hahn 2025
You are Aeryth, a Shadakine Wytch aboard a skycutter powered by lost Shianti magic. As the Veil between worlds thins, ancient horrors drift toward Magnamund. You---and your silver mech wolf---must hold the line.
*Forge of Shadows* Harley Truslove 2025
You are Leandra Redalion: outcast genius, betrayed by your own creations. Now, in the broken wastes of Karkaste, you must uncover your family's final secret before a Drakkarim warlord conquers your homeland. But can you reclaim your legacy without becoming the monster they say you are?
*The Weeping Place* Jonathan Stark 2025
The Tower was once a place of healing. Now it screams. As a Sage of Varetta returning to the asylum where you once trained, you will confront horrors both cosmic and human, piecing together the truth of what was done behind its doors---and what still waits inside them.
#### Bonus adventures {#bonus_adventures}
With the republication of the Lone Wolf series, Mongoose Publishing decided to add a bonus adventure at the end of each gamebook, except for *Flight from the Dark*. This concept was continued by Mantikore-Verlag and Holmgard Press in subsequent books, except for *The Dusk of Eternal Night*. These bonus adventures mainly feature a supporting character of the main story of the gamebook and have their own set of rules. They were written by different authors with the approbation of Joe Dever who edited and augmented their work while he was alive. After his death, staff at Holmgard Press took over the supervising duty. Contrary to the main adventures which nearly all have 350 sections, these bonus stories don\'t have a fixed number of sections.
Although most of them are not linked to each other, five of these adventures form the *Dire Series* featuring the same character, a Talestrian soldier cursed with undeath and blessed by Kai. Equipment and abilities can be carried over during the course of this subseries.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| Book published in | Name | Number of sections | Author | Release date |
+==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================+==============================+====================+========================================================+==============+
| | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 2 | *The Crown of King Alin IV* | 71 | Vincent N. Darlage | 2007 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| In this adventure, you play the part of Lord-lieutenant Rhygar, a Knight of the White Mountain who aided Lone Wolf on his second adventure, *Fire on the Water*. This adventure is set in the year MS 5048, two years before the events described in the main adventure. | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 3 | *Vonotar\'s Web* | 120 | Laszlo Cook | 2007 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| In this adventure, you play Loi-Kymar, an elder member of the Brotherhood of the Crystal Star, knowledgeable in the left-handed magic of the Brotherhood and well-versed in the myriad use of the herbs that can be found throughout magnamund. In addition, you have been given the honour and responsibility of bearing a unique Guildstaff; only yours has the power to teleport, a power that makes you one of the most well-travelled people on the planet! Unfortunately, this power has also attracted the unwanted attention of the renegade wizard Vonotar, who desires the Guildstaff for himself. | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 4 | *Ruanon* | 150 | James M. Stuart | 2008 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| In this adventure, you play Captain D\'Val, a respected officer in the King\'s Guard of Sommerlund. You and your men received vast praise for your recent actions at the siege of Holmgard. | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 5 | *The Tomb of the Majhan* | 90 | Richard Ford | 2008 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| In this adventure, you play Tipasa Edarouk of Ikaresh, also known as Tipasa the Wanderer -- he who roams the Dry Main. On your many travels you have seen many wondrous things and heard tales beyond imagining but it is a legend that originates in your own nation of Vassagonia that still tantalises you the most. The Tomb of the Majhan is the fabled burial place of the ancient rulers of Vassagonia, the legendary Zakhans of old and is said to house riches beyond the dreams of any king. It is the location of this ancient crypt that you have sought for so long and now, after many years of wandering, you have discovered its location | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 6 | *The Key to the Future* | 187 | Joseph C. Williams | 2008 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| In this adventure, you play Gwynian the Sage, the master astrologer who has followed Lone Wolf\'s saga by reading the stars. When the time comes to aid the Kai Lord on his quest to retrieve the mysterious and powerful Lorestones, the sage encounters a barrier that he must overcome if he is to bestow upon Lone Wolf the only means to unlock the whereabouts of the first Lorestone. Failure will not only cause the Lorestone\'s whereabouts to remain a mystery, but it will also place the last Kai Lord\'s life in danger of a deadly trap. | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 7 | *The All Seeing One* | 127 | Nick Robinson | 2008 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| In this adventure, you play Tavig, an adventurer trapped in Kazan-Oud. After a deadly cat & mouse game, you are once again captured by Lord Zahda\'s beastmen and thrown in a pit at the bottom of which resides a monster called the Thing. But before you are thrown to your doom, you hear your captors talking of Zahda\'s plan of breaking the magical prison that the Elder Magi have erected around the fortress, a plan that has been developed with The All Seeing One. You, Tavig of Suentina, decides to thwart this plan. | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 8 | *Masquerade in Hikas* | 152 | Darren Pearce | 2009 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| You are Paido, a Vakeros Knight, one of an elite guard of warrior magicians who protect the land of Dessi. Of late, your mentors and superiors -- the Elder Magi -- have been receiving worrying reports that the Dessian city of Hikas has been infiltrated by Darklord agents and assassins. You receive the mission to investigate the strange events in Hikas and report them to your superiors. | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 9 | *The Guildmaster\'s Hammer* | 100 | Richard Ford | 2009 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| Maghana, the Guildmaster of Thieves of Tahou, is asking you, Sogh of Suentina, to steal the hammer of the Guildmaster of Masons. But this mission is easier said than done\... | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 10 | *Echoes of Lost Light* | 120 | August Hahn | 2009 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| You are Lone Wolf, also known as Skarn in the annals of fate. While questing for the Lorestones, you ran afoul of Darklord Gnaag and you were sent headlong into a seemingly endless plummet into the darkness of the Daziarn. Although Gnaag has failed to destroy you, he has succeeded in banishing you into a lightless realm from which there will be no easy escape\... The Lorestone of Luomi, that you have just grasped a few seconds before falling into the Shadow Gate, calls out for your help and brings you on a spiritual journey into Lost Luomi where you must prevent the minions of Naar from stealing the light of the mystical stone for their master. | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 11 | *Lord of Meledor* | 150 | James M. Stuart | 2009 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| You are Lorkon Ironheart, commander of the army of Meledor. Some two years have passed since the Aonian Lone Wolf came to your lands and defeated the Chaos-master in battle. Since that time, under your guidance and authority, the forces of Meledor have successfully driven back the remaining chaos beasts that once wandered the forests of Vhozada. The borders of Meledor have expanded, and although there still dangerous creatures, bandits and chaos beasts hidden in the darkest of forests and remotest of places, you are confident that a new and lasting age of prosperity can be sustained. | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Rumours of increased banditry and raids against villages in the Nahma trisect have recently come to your attention. The exact situation is unclear, however, for the bandits leave few alive as witness to their operations. You are not prepared to allow these attacks to go on any longer and you resolve to put an end to it, personally. | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 12 | *Aboard the Intrepid* | 100 | Vincent N. Darlage | 2009 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| You are Captain Borse, the captain of the caravel Intrepid. One night, you rescue a man named Vijya Nath who is looking for an island called Thor Golgron. Will you help this mysterious man by searching the island or will you ignore his request? Some men aboard your ship might take the decision for you\... | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 13 | *Plague Agent* | 150 | James M. Stuart | 2010 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| You are Tennan, a druid and member of the Herbalish order, one of the herbwardens of Bautar. On your way to Quarlen, you come across an agent sent by Archdruid Cadak, leader of the Cener druids. You don\'t know it yet, but the actions you will take against this agent of the Cener will have an impact not only on your life but on all Magnamund. | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 14 | *Darkness Most Dire* | 120 | August Hahn | 2010 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| You are a soldier from the Freeland Alliance. Or so you were. You are now a zombie, walking in the endless halls of Kaag Tower. One day, you cross path with Lone Wolf, who came looking for his friend Banedon. This short meeting brings you back to your sense: you now want to escape from Kaag. How an undead being could possibly succeed in this quest? | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 15 | *Castle Akital* | 150 | Nic Bonczyk & Joe Dever | 2011 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| You are Captain Prarg, an experienced officer in the army of Lencia. One year before the events of *The Darke Crusade*, you are sent to Lozonzee, a former Drakkarim city in Nyras that has been recaptured by the Lencians. There, you learn that a Lencian outpost near this town, Castle Akital, hasn\'t given sign of life for three weeks. It will be up to you to discover what really happened at the castle. | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 16 | *A Long and Dire Road* | 100 | August Hahn | 2011 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| This is the sequel to *Darkness Most Dire*. After fleeing Kaag, you arrive to the Durncrag Mountains. You are about to start crossing them to enter Sommerlund when you hear human cries. As a zombie, what will be the choices that will lead you out of the Darklands? | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 17 | *Labyrinth of Sorrow* | 150 | Darren Pearce & Charlotte Law | 2012 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| You are Karoth the Helghast, a spy for the Darklords of Helgedad. You have come to Ixia to gather information for your masters and it has now been six years that you are on that mission. You don\'t know that the Darklords have been killed by Lone Wolf, so when you get new orders to prevent the return of Deathlord Ixiataaga, you do as you are instructed to do. But one question lingers: who sent you on that quest? | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 18 | *The Dead of Chrude* | 250 | Nic Bonczyk & Joe Dever | 2013 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| In this adventure, you play the role of Jergor, a vigilante peasant from the Palmyrion borderlands. Repeatedly, marauding mobs from Eldenora have crossed into the ravaged borderland of Palmyrion to loot its remains and torment its shattered people. The Palmyrion army is engaged with the armies of Eldenora in fierce battles at Holona, and all of its cavalry are engaged in the fight. There are no mounted troops available to stop the swift raids made by the Eldenoran plunderers in the north. The future of your family and kinfolk will be determined by your success or failure in this adventure. | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 19 | *Dire Straights* | 150 | August Hahn | 2013 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| The story is the third part in the continuing story of Dire, a Talestrian soldier cursed with undeath and blessed by Kai. After reaching the Kai Monastery, Lone Wolf himself sends you on a mission to stop a plan by the forces of evil. | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 20 | *The Purifiers of Kazan-Oud* | 185 | Vincent Lazzari, Eric Dubourg & Reinaldo Gomez-Larenas | 2014 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| You are a young Magician of Dessi in the city of Herdos. When a series of murders terrifies the city, you investigate the matter. | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 21 | *Echoes of the Moonstone* | 300 | Eberhard Eschwe and Swen Harder | 2015 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| As Grand Master Lone Wolf, you decide to send one of your Kai Masters to the Isle of Lorn with the Moonstone, events that are described in the main adventure of *Voyage of the Moonstone*. To draw your enemies attention away from your pupil, you board the Cloud Dancer with a copy of the Moonstone and make Naar\'s minions believe that you will bring the precious jewel yourself to the Shianti. Of course, by doing this, you are also putting yourself in great danger\... | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 22 | *A Wytch\'s Nightmare* | 150 | Vincent Lazzari & Alexander Kühnert | 2015 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| You are Yenna, an orphaned girl that now serves Lady Tanith of Shadaki as a bodyguard. However, since Grey Star, her husband, is now missing, you are tasked to find his whereabouts. | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 23 | *Lost in the Kelderwastes* | 150 | Florent Haro & Vincent Lazzari | 2019 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| You are Acraban, Wizard of the Brotherhood of the Crystal Star. Your skyship, the Starstrider, has just crashed in the Kelderwastes. Luckily, she can be fixed but not after a month-long effort to craft new parts. Close before you are able to fly again, one of your patrols goes missing. You decide to find them, even if it means going far into uncharted territories. | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 24 | *The Traitor\'s Reward* | 270 | Gavyn F. Duthie | 2019 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| You are Kalen of Salony, a Stornlander sellsword and veteran of many wars. You are the leader of your company, hired by Slovian princes to fight against the Eldenoran army in what is known as The Rune War. However, you\'ll soon discover that your enemies are not all from Magnamund but also from another world\... | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 25 | *Dire in the Dark* | 125 | August Hahn | 2020 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| This is the fourth part of the ongoing story of Dire. Having fallen into the deepest parts of Magnamund\'s underground, an unlikely ally helps you for the next part of your adventure. | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 26 | *Destiny Most Dire* | 125 | August Hahn | 2020 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| This is the fifth and last part of the story of Dire. Still pursuing Azavath, you have no time to lose if you want to stop him once and for all! | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 27 | *Shadow Stalkers* | 175 | Florent Haro | 2021 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| This adventure was first supposed to be published in book 31. However, due to the sizes of both the main adventure and this bonus adventure, it was decided that it would be published in book 27. | | | | |
| | | | | |
| In this adventure, you play as Ernan, the Captain of the 1st Kirlundin Isles Marine Cassel that once help the New Order Grand Master on his trip to bring the Moonstone to its creators. Eighteen years after this adventure, you are asked to travel to Hammerdal following the brutal Long Winter War to rekindle the alliance between Durenor and Sommerlund. But the forces of darkness will try anything to stop you and your mission. | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 28 | *The Edge of Night* | 150 | August Hahn | 2022 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| For many years, you have been bound to the will of Sejanoz. With his death, your mind has been freed, but your torment has only just begun. The True, blood disciples of Naar are already vying for power in the absence of the Autarch. Can you survive long enough to escape the capital and rescue your son? | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 29 | *The Tides of Gorgoron* | 150 | Vincent Lazzari & Joe Dever | 2016 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| You are Lord Elkamo Doko, a Vakeros Warrior-Mage assigned to the garrison of Anasundi. It has been a full year since Agarashi hordes came out of the Chasm of Gorgoron to attack Dessi. You are tasked to protect a bridge on the Colo river but when a party of your scouts don\'t come back from a patrol to the village of Cano, you know something bad is about to happen. | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 30 | *The Kaum Before The Storm* | 120 | August Hahn | 2019 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| You are Grand Master Blazer, one of the six Grand Masters sent by Supreme Master Lone Wolf to fulfill different missions in Magnamund. Yours is to investigate rumours of a rising force of strange new monstrosities in the nation of Circoria, seek out their source and put an end to them. But the chasm of Kraknalorg hides more secrets than you first thought\... | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| The Lone Wolf Omnibus | *One Last Fehmarn* | 150 | Shane Walsh-Smith | 2024 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| You are Dawn Strider, a Kai Virin stationed in the borderlands of the Western Durncrags. It is two days before Fehmarn. Can you reach the Kai Monastery to warn your kin about what's coming? The way south is dangerous. Not only are the skies full of Kraan, but a mysterious figure tracks your every move. | | | | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
With the release of the Collector\'s Edition of the Lone Wolf series, French publisher Megara Entertainment planned to also republish the World of Lone Wolf series in a Collector\'s Edition format with bonus adventures. However, financial woes prevented the publication of any other books past the first one.
| 3,282 |
List of Lone Wolf media
| 6 |
11,014,631 |
# List of Lone Wolf media
## Printed media {#printed_media}
### Spin-off gamebook series {#spin_off_gamebook_series}
#### Bonus adventures {#bonus_adventures}
Book published in Name Number of sections Author Release date
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------- -------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- --------------
WoLW 1 *Druse Quest* 165 Florent Haro, edited and augmented by Vincent Lazzari 2017
You are Madin Rendalim, Herbwarden of Bautar, on a mission in the Shadakine Empire to find the Druse Tree which you will use to cure the Red Plague that has struck Durenor. But you will have to face the mutant creatures of the forest before evading Shadakine Soldiers that will do anything to stop you.
##### In other languages {#in_other_languages}
In Sweden, the republication of the books include brand new official bonus adventures starting with book 8. Although originally written in English, these adventures have yet to be published in that language.
Book published in Name Number of sections Author Release date
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------- -------------------- ----------------------------------- --------------
8 *The Slavers of Xanar* unknown Vincent Lazzari & Joe Dever 2018
In this adventure, you play Vagur, a skilled dwarf shooter from Bor, enlisted in His Majesty Ryvin\'s Royal Army.
9 *The Lost and the Damned* unknown Gavyn F. Duthie & Andreas Andreou 2021
In this adventure, you get to reconnect with Shaar, whose mission is to protect the Lorestone Lone Wolf needs in his fight against the Darklords.
10 *Partisan* unknown Erik Zetterberg 2022
You play the smuggler Sebb Jarrel from Eru, who leads his brave countrymen against the agents of darkness.
In Germany, some new bonus adventures were published in certain books of the main Lone Wolf series (LW) and the spin-off World of Lone Wolf series (WoLW). One has even been published as a complete separated gamebook. Again, they have yet to be published in English. They were all written by Alexander Kühnert.
Book published in Name Number of sections Author Release date
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------------- --------------
Standalone gamebook *The Disciples of Darkness* 120 Alexander Kühnert 2016
You are Tessa, a young woman who fled south during the war against the Darklords and was taken in by the herbalists of Bautar. While you are beginning your training as a druid there, you are surprisingly given the task of traveling to the Darklands in Sun Valley. It is a journey that is not only full of dangers, but will also take you to your mental limits. Do you have the strength to face your fate or will it break you?
WoLW 2 *Treasures of Madness* 150 Alexander Kühnert 2018
You play the thief Hugi who has to escape back through the Forbidden City after the events of the main adventure, facing lots of craziness\... and finding lots of loot!
WoLW 3 *The Chains of Ghol-Tabras* 170 Alexander Kühnert, story by Vincent Lazzari 2019
You play Captain Havaroez who has to prevent the fleet of Shasarak from leaving Ghol-Tabras so it cannot transfer troops from the north of Shadaki to attack Karnali.
WoLW 4 *Battle of the Wytches* 180 Alexander Kühnert 2020
You play Tanith who has to travel to Port of Suhn to confront Mother Magri and free the city from her rule, taking place parallel to the main adventure with Grey Star.
LW 27 *The Spawn of Hate* 170 Alexander Kühnert 2022
You play Gildas. You and your small group of border rangers have to investigate an attack from a new kind of Agarashi in the South of Siyen, but things escalate quickly, with the issue becoming a possibly world-ending threat\...
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# List of Lone Wolf media
## Printed media {#printed_media}
### Novels
#### Legends of Lone Wolf {#legends_of_lone_wolf}
A series of novelizations by John Grant (the nom de plume of Paul Barnett) were released entitled \"Legends of Lone Wolf\". They expanded on the adventures by introducing new characters (or fleshing out old ones from the book series), events and whole new stories.
Name Release date
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------
*Eclipse of the Kai* 1989
The events described in this novel take place before the first gamebook of the series, *Flight from the Dark*.
*The Dark Door Opens* 1989
Based on *Flight from the Dark*.
*The Sword of the Sun* 1989
Based on *Fire on the Water*. On the American market, this book was split into two smaller volumes, *The Tides of Treachery* and *The Sword of the Sun*.
*Hunting Wolf* 1990
Based on *The Caverns of Kalte*.
*The Claws of Helgedad* 1991
Lone Wolf is taken captive and held in the darklands as a pawn in a political struggle.
*The Sacrifice of Ruanon* 1991
Based on *The Chasm of Doom*. Contains an epilogue initially removed by the editor and Joe Dever which sees the events of the book referred to as legend in a setting bearing similarities to the contemporary real world.
*The Birthplace* 1992
Based on *Shadow on the Sand*. The author wrote an unpublished appendix on the sources of key ideas in the story.
*The Book of the Magnakai* 1992
Based on *Shadow on the Sand*.
*The Tellings* 1993
A collection of short stories taking place in Magnamund. The author wrote an unpublished foreword which presents the stories as reconstructions based on historical sources.
*The Lorestone of Varetta* 1993
Based on *The Kingdoms of Terror*.
*The Secret of Kazan-Oud* 1994
Based on *Castle Death*.
*The Rotting Land* 1994
Based on *The Jungle of Horrors*.
Dark Quest Books announced plans to release five omnibuses containing all twelve novels. `{{as of|2015|April}}`{=mediawiki}, three omnibuses can be ordered on the Dark Quest Books website.
#### Chronicles of Magnamund (Mongoose Publishing) {#chronicles_of_magnamund_mongoose_publishing}
When Mongoose Publishing announced that it would republish the Lone Wolf series of gamebooks, it was also announced that two new trilogies of novels would be written under the generic name of *Chronicles of Magnamund*. The first novel, *The Dragons of Lencia*, is part of the *Lencian Trilogy*, written by Richard Ford. The second novel, *Glory & Greed*, is part of the trilogy named *Rise of the Agarashi* and is written by August Hahn, author of the first official version of the Lone Wolf Roleplaying Game. Both trilogies are set in the year MS 5100, 50 years after the events described in the first gamebook of the Lone Wolf series, *Flight from the Dark*. Since the cancellation of the Lone Wolf line by Mongoose Publishing, nothing is known about the fate of both trilogies.
Although using the same name, the \"Chronicles of Magnamund\" series of gamebooks published by Holmgard Press is not linked to this one.
##### The Lencian Trilogy {#the_lencian_trilogy}
1. *The Dragons of Lencia* (2008)
2. *The Shadow & the Skull* (TBA)
3. *The Lencian Trilogy #3* (TBA)
##### Rise of the Agarashi {#rise_of_the_agarashi}
1. *Glory & Greed* (2008)
2. *Sand & Sorrow* (TBA)
3. *Triumph & Tragedy* (TBA)
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# List of Lone Wolf media
## Printed media {#printed_media}
### Roleplaying games {#roleplaying_games}
#### d20 series {#d20_series}
The first version of *Lone Wolf: The Roleplaying Game*, published by Mongoose Publishing. All the books are authored by August Hahn.
- *The Lone Wolf RPG*
- *The Darklands*
- *Magic of Magnamund*
- *Dawn of Destruction*
- *Blood Moon Rising*
#### Multiplayer gamebook {#multiplayer_gamebook}
A new version of the roleplaying game, *Lone Wolf Multiplayer Game Book*, was released in March 2010 by Mongoose Publishing. The rules for this new version are simpler and closer to the ones of the regular gamebook series. Numerous expansions were made available in the months after the original release. Other supplements were planned and announced by Mongoose Publishing but, on 27 February 2013, it was announced that the publisher had lost its licensing rights on these books.
- *The Lone Wolf Multiplayer Gamebook* by Joe Dever and Matthew Sprange
- *Terror of the Darklords* by Pete Nash and Joe Dever (June 2010)
- *Heroes of Magnamund* by Joe Dever and Matthew Sprange (July 2010)
- *Sommerlund* by Joe Dever and Darren Pearce (October 2010)
- *Magnamund Bestiary* by Joe Dever and Darren Pearce (January 2011)
- *Book of the Magnakai* by August Hahn and Joe Dever (March 2011)
- *Corruption of Ikaya* by Mark Gedak (May 2011)
- *The Darklands* by Vincent Lazzari and Joe Dever (September 2011)
- *Stornlands I* by Joe Dever, Vincent Lazzari, Florent Haro, Éric Dubourg, Gérald Degryse and Emmanuel Luc (August 2012)
Announced but not released:
- *Stornlands II* by Joe Dever, Vincent Lazzari, Florent Haro, Éric Dubourg, Gérald Degryse & Emmanuel Luc
- *The Kai Monastery* by Joe Dever, Éric Dubourg, Vincent Lazzari & August Hahn
- *Drakkarim* by Joe Dever, Vincent Lazzari, Florent Haro, Éric Dubourg, Gérald Degryse & Emmanuel Luc
- Untitled supplement on Vassagonia
- Untitled supplement on Durenor
#### The Lone Wolf Adventure Game {#the_lone_wolf_adventure_game}
In April 2013, Cubicle 7 announced that they were picking up the rights to publish a Lone Wolf RPG. This new version was called *The Lone Wolf Adventure Game* and it contains a new version of the *Lone Wolf Multiplayer Gamebook* that have been \"extensively reviewed, revised, and expanded upon with new material from Joe Dever, the Scriptarium team, and the Cubicle 7 team\". In August 2014, a successful Kickstarter campaign took place and raised £68,005 to help funding the creation of the game. This new version was released at the end of September 2015. In July 2021, the editor announced that it was ceasing the publication
- *The Lone Wolf Adventure Game* by Joe Dever and Cubicle 7 (September 2015)
- *Rookhaven* by August Hahn, an add-on exclusive to the Kickstarter campaign (2016)
- *Heroes of Magnamund* by Joe Dever and Matthew Sprange, modified by the Cubicle 7 team (Spring 2016)
- *Adventures of the Kai* by Joe Dever and Cubicle 7 (June 2016)
- *Magnamund Menagerie* by Joe Dever and Darren Pearce, modified by the Cubicle 7 team (February 2017)
- *Bestiary of the Beyond* by Joe Dever and Cubicle 7 (May 2017)
- *Terror of the Darklords* by Joe Dever and Pete Nash, modified by the Cubicle 7 team (October 2017)
- *The Realm of Sommerlund* by Joe Dever and Darren Pearce, modified by the Cubicle 7 team (2018)
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# List of Lone Wolf media
## Printed media {#printed_media}
### Other books {#other_books}
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+
| \| Title | \| Release date | \| Media type |
+==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================+=================+===============+
| | | |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+
| *The Magnamund Companion* | 1986 | Encyclopedia |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+
| The book has been out of print for many years and is very rare. It is the most comprehensive source of information on the mythos of the Lone Wolf book series. Since the book has gone out of print, as have many of the Lone Wolf series, Joe Dever has given exclusive right to Project Aon to convert the book to PDF format and place it online for free download. | | |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+
| *The Skull of Agarash* | 1994 | Graphic Novel |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+
| The Skull of Agarash is the first and only (to-date) graphic novel in the Lone Wolf series. The plot involves an ancient artifact called the Skull of Agarash the Damned, which is used by Khadro\'s band of pirates to wreak havoc. During one of their raids, Lone Wolf\'s mentor, Lord Rimoah of the Elder Magi, is kidnapped by the rogues, forcing Lone Wolf to pursue them and find their hidden lair. | | |
| | | |
| It was drawn by Cyril Julien (pages 3 to 31) and Brian Williams (pages 32 to 66 and the covers). | | |
| | | |
| The original B&W version in now out of print, and is highly valued by many collectors. A digital version was released in July 2005 by Project Aon adding it to the many other books in the Lone Wolf series released in the same way. | | |
| | | |
| A colorized version was released by Holmgard Press in May 2024. It includes *Dawn of the Darklord*, a short choose your own adventure that was originally published in the Magnamund Companion in the 80s. This version was adapted as a playable branching graphic novel by artist Shane Walsh-Smith. | | |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+
| *Lone Wolf Poster Painting Book* | 1987 | Art book |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+
| **Notes:** | | |
| | | |
| - by Gary Chalk | | |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+
| *The Art of Lone Wolf* | 2016 | Art book |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+
| **Notes:** The Art of Lone Wolf features all of Gary Chalk\'s artwork from the original Lone Wolf books 1 to 8 (1984 to 1986). The artwork of the first book of the Autumn Snow series (2015), published by Megara Entertainment, is also included. | | |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+
| *Lone Wolf Anthology, volume 1: Hope in Darkness* | 2024 | Short stories |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+
| A collection of 12 short stories set in Magnamund. | | |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+
| *Lone Wolf Anthology, volume 2: Echoes of the Past* | 2025 | Short stories |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+
| A collection of 10 short stories set in Magnamund. | | |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+
## Video games {#video_games}
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| Game | Release date |
+====================================================================================+===============+
| \| North America | \| PAL region |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| *Flight from the Dark* | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| **Notes:** | |
| | |
| - Spectrum game [1](http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=0006591) | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| *Fire on the Water* | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| **Notes:** | |
| | |
| - Spectrum game [2](http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=0006593) | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| *Lone Wolf and the Mirror of Death* | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| **Notes:** | |
| | |
| - Spectrum game [3](http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=0002920) | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| *Flight from the Dark* | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| **Notes:** | |
| | |
| - for Nintendo DS, [4](http://www.projectaon.org/staff/frederic/downloads.php) | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| *Fire on the Water* | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| **Notes:** | |
| | |
| - for Nintendo DS, [5](http://www.projectaon.org/staff/frederic/downloads.php) | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| *The Caverns of Kalte* | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| **Notes:** | |
| | |
| - for Nintendo DS, [6](http://www.projectaon.org/staff/frederic/downloads.php)\| | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| *The Chasm of Doom* | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| **Notes:** | |
| | |
| - for Nintendo DS, [7](http://www.projectaon.org/staff/frederic/downloads.php) | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| *Joe Dever\'s Lone Wolf* | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| **Notes:** | |
| | |
| - iOS, macOS and Windows (2013), PS4 and Xbox One (2016), Nintendo Switch (2018) | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| *The Fortress of Death* | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
| **Notes:** | |
| | |
| - iOS and macOS, TBA | |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------+
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# List of Lone Wolf media
## Other media {#other_media}
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------------------------+
| \| Title | \| Release date | \| Media type |
+========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================+=================+=================================+
| *Lone Wolf: The Forbidden Tower* | 1989 | Interactive Telephone Adventure |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------------------------+
| **Notes:** | | |
| | | |
| - \"PhoneQuest\" *Interactive Telephone Adventures* | | |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------------------------+
| *Lone Wolf: The Fortress of Doom* | 1991 | Interactive Telephone Adventure |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------------------------+
| **Notes:** | | |
| | | |
| - \"PhoneQuest\" *Interactive Telephone Adventures* | | |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------------------------+
| *Eclipse of the Kai* | 1992 | Audiobook |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------------------------+
| **Notes:** | | |
| | | |
| - Read by Edward de Souza | | |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------------------------+
| *The Dark Door Opens* | 1993 | Audiobook |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------------------------+
| **Notes:** | | |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------------------------+
| | | |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------------------------+
| *The Maps of Magnamund Collection* | Since 2012 | Maps |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------------------------+
| Starting in 2012, Joe Dever released various maps representing the world of Magnamund. Drawn by Italian artist Francesco Mattioli, this series of maps contains elements that were never published before. Each Map Board combines a highly detailed colour map on the front, with a world grid and useful background information about the map area depicted on the reverse. The text includes scenario ideas for creating adventures, with specific briefings tailored to each map board. On 12 March 2014, Cubicle 7 announced that it became the official publisher of these maps. | | |
| | | |
| - The World of Magnamund Map (Spring 2012): a huge map representing all of Magnamund. | | |
| - The Maps of Magnamund Collection, set 1 (November 2012): contains maps of Sommerlund, Durenor, Vassagonia and Dessi. | | |
| - The Maps of Magnamund Collection, set 2 (May 2013): contains maps of Kakush & Valerion, The Galdonlands, The Stornlands and Talestria. | | |
| - The Maps of Magnamund Collection, set 3 (May 2014): contains maps of Bor & the Hammerlands, Lencia, the Drakkarim Homelands & the Hellswamps and Ixia & the Hardlands. | | |
| - The Maps of Magnamund Collection, set 4 (May 2015): contains maps of the Western Darklands, the Central Darklands & Skaror, the Eastern Darklands and Eastern Kalte. | | |
| - The Maps of Magnamund Collection, set 5 (November 2015): contains maps of Northern Shadaki, Central Shadaki, Southern Shadaki and the Shadakine Occupied Territories. | | |
| - The Maps of Magnamund Collection, set 6 (November 2015): contains maps of Taklakot & Andui, Lissan, Chai, and Bhanar. | | |
| - The Maps of Magnamund Collection, set 7 (November 2015): contains maps of Eastern Vaduzhan & Mythan, Western Vaduzhan, Telchos & Sheasu, and Cincoria & Klanos. | | |
| - The Maps of Magnamund Collection, set 8 (November 2016): contains maps of Kasland, Starn, Boden & Ilion, Central Tentarias, and Midsea & Eastern Tentarias. | | |
| - The Maps of Magnamund Collection, set 9 (November 2016): contains maps of Siyen, Lunarlia, Siyen & Naaros, Kaum, Halia & Lunarlia, and Southern Lunaria & The Kelderwastes. | | |
| - The Maps of Magnamund Collection, set 10 (November 2016): contains maps of Northern Sadi Desert, Southern Sadi Desert, Southern Kalte & Northern Darklands, and Southeastern Kalte & Northeastern Darklands
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# Dynamic Markov compression
**Dynamic Markov compression** (**DMC**) is a lossless data compression algorithm developed by Gordon Cormack and Nigel Horspool. It uses predictive arithmetic coding similar to prediction by partial matching (PPM), except that the input is predicted one bit at a time (rather than one byte at a time). DMC has a good compression ratio and moderate speed, similar to PPM, but requires somewhat more memory and is not widely implemented. Some recent implementations include the experimental compression programs [hook](http://cs.fit.edu/~mmahoney/compression/text.html#1781) by Nania Francesco Antonio, [ocamyd](https://web.archive.org/web/20091026235047/http://de.geocities.com/ocamyd/) by Frank Schwellinger, and as a submodel in paq8l by Matt Mahoney. These are based on the [1993 implementation](https://web.archive.org/web/20070630111546/http://plg.uwaterloo.ca/~ftp/dmc/dmc.c) in C by Gordon Cormack.
## Algorithm
DMC predicts and codes one bit at a time. It differs from PPM in that it codes bits rather than bytes, and from context mixing algorithms such as PAQ in that there is only one context per prediction. The predicted bit is then coded using arithmetic coding.
### Arithmetic coding {#arithmetic_coding}
A bitwise arithmetic coder such as DMC has two components, a predictor and an arithmetic coder. The predictor accepts an *n*-bit input string *x* = *x*~1~*x*~2~\...*x*~*n*~ and assigns it a probability *p*(*x*), expressed as a product of a series of predictions, *p*(*x*~1~)*p*(*x*~2~**\|***x*~1~)*p*(*x*~3~**\|***x*~1~*x*~2~) \... *p*(*x*~*n*~**\|** *x*~1~*x*~2~\...*x*~*n*--1~). The arithmetic coder maintains two high precision binary numbers, *p*~low~ and *p*~high~, representing the possible range for the total probability that the model would assign to all strings lexicographically less than *x*, given the bits of *x* seen so far. The compressed code for *x* is *p*~*x*~, the shortest bit string representing a number between *p*~low~ and *p*~high~. It is always possible to find a number in this range no more than one bit longer than the Shannon limit, log~2~ 1 **/** *p*(*x*). One such number can be obtained from *p*~high~ by dropping all of the trailing bits after the first bit that differs from *p*~low~.
Compression proceeds as follows. The initial range is set to *p*~low~ = 0, *p*~high~ = 1. For each bit, the predictor estimates *p*~0~ = *p*(*x*~*i*~ = 0**\|***x*~1~*x*~2~\...*x*~*i*--1~) and *p*~1~ = 1 − *p*~0~, the probability of a 0 or 1, respectively. The arithmetic coder then divides the current range, (*p*~low~, *p*~high~) into two parts in proportion to *p*~0~ and *p*~1~. Then the subrange corresponding to the next bit *x*~*i*~ becomes the new range.
For decompression, the predictor makes an identical series of predictions, given the bits decompressed so far. The arithmetic coder makes an identical series of range splits, then selects the range containing *p*~*x*~ and outputs the bit *x*~*i*~ corresponding to that subrange.
In practice, it is not necessary to keep *p*~low~ and *p*~high~ in memory to high precision. As the range narrows the leading bits of both numbers will be the same, and can be output immediately.
### DMC model {#dmc_model}
The DMC predictor is a table which maps (bitwise) contexts to a pair of counts, *n*~0~ and *n*~1~, representing the number of zeros and ones previously observed in this context. Thus, it predicts that the next bit will be a 0 with probability *p*~0~ = *n*~0~ **/** *n* = *n*~0~ **/** (*n*~0~ + *n*~1~) and 1 with probability *p*~1~ = 1 − *p*~0~ = *n*~1~ **/** *n*. In addition, each table entry has a pair of pointers to the contexts obtained by appending either a 0 or a 1 to the right of the current context (and possibly dropping bits on the left). Thus, it is never necessary to look up the current context in the table; it is sufficient to maintain a pointer to the current context and follow the links.
In the original DMC implementation, the initial table is the set of all contexts of length 8 to 15 bits that begin on a byte boundary. The initial state is any of the 8 bit contexts. The counts are floating point numbers initialized to a small nonzero constant such as 0.2. The counts are not initialized to zero in order to allow values to be coded even if they have not been seen before in the current context.
Modeling is the same for compression and decompression. For each bit, *p*~0~ and *p*~1~ are computed, bit *x*~*i*~ is coded or decoded, the model is updated by adding 1 to the count corresponding to *x*~*i*~, and the next context is found by traversing the link corresponding to *x*~*i*~.
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# Dynamic Markov compression
## Algorithm
### Adding new contexts {#adding_new_contexts}
DMC as described above is equivalent to an order-1 context model. However, it is normal to add longer contexts to improve compression. If the current context is A, and the next context B would drop bits on the left, then DMC may add (clone) a new context C from B. C represents the same context as A after appending one bit on the right as with B, but without dropping any bits on the left. The link from A will thus be moved from B to point to C. B and C will both make the same prediction, and both will point to the same pair of next states. The total count, *n* = *n*~0~ + *n*~1~ for C will be equal to the count *n*~*x*~ for A (for input bit *x*), and that count will be subtracted from B.
For example, suppose that state A represents the context 11111. On input bit 0, it transitions to state B representing context 110, obtained by dropping 3 bits on the left. In context A, there have been 4 zero bits and some number of one bits. In context B, there have been 3 zeros and 7 ones (*n* = 10), which predicts *p*~1~ = 0.7.
State *n*~0~ *n*~1~ next~0~ next~1~
----------- -------- -------- --------- ---------
A = 11111 4 B
B = 110 3 7 E F
C is cloned from B. It represents context 111110. Both B and C predict *p*~1~ = 0.7, and both go to the same next states, E and F. The count for C is *n* = 4, equal to *n*~0~ for A. This leaves *n* = 6 for B.
State *n*~0~ *n*~1~ next~0~ next~1~
------------ -------- -------- --------- ---------
A = 11111 4 C
B = 110 1.8 4.2 E F
C = 111110 1.2 2.8 E F
States are cloned just prior to transitioning to them. In the original DMC, the condition for cloning a state is when the transition from A to B is at least 2, and the count for B is at least 2 more than that. (When the second threshold is greater than 0, it guarantees that other states will still transition to B after cloning). Some implementations such as hook allow these thresholds to be set as parameters. In paq8l, these thresholds increase as memory is used up to slow the growth rate of new states. In most implementations, when memory is exhausted the model is discarded and reinitialized back to the original bytewise order 1 model
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# WZAM
**WZAM** (970 AM) is an active rock format radio station licensed to Ishpeming, Michigan, United States.
## History
Tri-City Broadcasters, Inc. received a construction permit to build a new radio station in Ishpeming on February 25, 1959, to operate with 5,000 watts during daylight hours only.`{{r|hc|p=6}}`{=mediawiki} The station began broadcasting as WJAN on June 26, 1959. Raymond and Joyce Blomquist ran the station until January 22, 1964, when it was foreclosed upon by radio equipment manufacturer Gates Radio Co. and shut down by county sheriffs. The station\'s CBS Radio affiliation went to WDBC six months later.
A receiver was appointed for the company, and the station was sold out of bankruptcy to Canyon Broadcasters in January 1965.`{{r|hc|p=9}}`{=mediawiki} Canyon\'s owner, Frank Blotter, had become involved with the station right before it folded. Renaming it WCKD, he confronted the task of putting the station back into service. All that remained after Gates\'s equipment was seized was the antenna structure, requiring almost every necessary piece of equipment to be purchased. It would not be until August 30, 1965, that WCKD signed on the air. Under Canyon, the station continued to struggle as a daytime-only station with a full-time competitor in a small town, losing money. A series of violations over operations after sunset and before sunrise, forbidden for daytime-only radio stations, would end up almost costing Blotter in another business venture. Blotter blamed the confusion on changes that resulted from the Uniform Time Act; the Upper Peninsula moved from year-round Eastern Standard Time to year-round Central Standard Time (CST). However, the license specified operating hours in CST. In 1971, a Federal Communications Commission (FCC) hearing examiner overturned an initial decision favoring his application to build a station in Elmhurst, Illinois. Blotter\'s station application was ultimately granted when the commission ruled the time zone confusion a misunderstanding and not an \"intentional disregard\" for regulations.
Taconite Broadcasting acquired the station and changed the call letters to WUPY in 1971.`{{r|hc|p=12}}`{=mediawiki} A new talk format was instituted, copying what Taconite\'s owners---Robert Olson and William Blake---had successfully done at WMPL in Hancock; annual billings soared from \$30,000 to \$180,000.
By 1994, when Olson sold his stake in Taconite Broadcasting to Blake, WMVN was airing a religious format. This had changed to a simulcast of sister WMQT before WMVN became WZAM with an all-news format from the Associated Press in 1996. Taconite Broadcasting itself would be sold in 2005 to a company of the same name controlled by Thomas Mogush, who already owned 30 percent of the firm but became sole owner after Blake\'s death. Mogush flipped the station from news to sports using programming from ESPN Radio. A translator was added in 2013 to give WZAM FM coverage for the first time.
Effective May 31, 2022, Taconite Broadcasting sold WZAM, sister station WMQT, and translators W227CJ and W295CX to the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Native American Tribe for \$400,000.
In late 2022, the station flipped to a rock format, and became known as \"The Rockin\' Eagle\", simulcasting sister station WGLI
| 504 |
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11,014,645 |
# Jenny Teichman
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 39, column 20):
unexpected 's'
{|class='wikitable sortable' width='90%'
^
``
| 19 |
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| 0 |
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# Good Samaritan Hospital (Los Angeles)
**PIH Health Good Samaritan Hospital** is a hospital in Los Angeles, California. The hospital has 408 beds. In 2019 Good Samaritan joined the PIH Health network.
## History
In 1885, Sister Mary Wood opened a care facility with 9 beds. The hospital was historically affiliated with the Episcopal Church, but currently pastoral care services are available for all religions and denominations. The current hospital was built in 1976.
Prominent American suffragist Inez Milholland died at the hospital on November 25, 1916. Actress Jean Harlow died of kidney disease at the hospital at age 26 at 11:37 AM on June 7, 1937.
Presidential candidate United States senator Robert F. Kennedy died at the hospital early in the morning of June 6, 1968, 25 hours after he was shot at the Ambassador Hotel.
In 1996, the hospital\'s neonatal intensive care unit was featured in *Visiting\... with Huell Howser* Episode 401.
In 2011, *Becker\'s Hospital Review* listed Good Samaritan Hospital under 60 Hospitals With Great Orthopedic Programs.
In 2019 the hospital joined the PIH Health network becoming the third hospital in the network which includes PIH Health Hospital-Whittier and PIH Health Hospital-Downey.
## Controversies
Since 2020, Good Samaritan Hospital has been accused of poor, unsafe work conditions for its nursing staff, with workers reporting shortages of PPE and unsafe recycling of masks and gloves. These unsanitary and poor working conditions have led to multiple strikes by nurses affiliated with the California Nurses Association/National Nurses Organizing Committee (CNA/NNU). Chief Nurse Union Representative Alejandro Cuevas said that Good Samaritan Hospital has put patients at risk just to save money in the process. Good Samaritan Hospital was later accused of engaging in Union busting by CNA/NNU when Union Representative Alejandro Cuevas was fired from his position.
Good Samaritan has also been accused of violating California\'s safe staffing law due to its chronic short-staffing, which has led to nurses assigned too many patients to care for and that means they are unable to take breaks during their 12-hour shifts, forcing them to work overtime and take extra shifts
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# March of Friuli
The **March of Friuli** was a Carolingian frontier march, centered in the historical region of Friuli (corresponding mainly to the modern province of Friuli-Venezia Giulia in north-eastern Italy). Since the Frankish conquest and pacification of the Lombard Kingdom in 774-776, the Duchy of Friuli was placed under the administration of Frankish dukes and gradually expanded towards eastern territories, serving as the main frontier march against the Slavs and Avars. It was reorganized in 828, and its central region (Friuli) was placed under administration of local counts, later margraves. In 843, the region was attached to the Middle Francia, and governed by margraves (sometimes also referred as dukes) from the house of Unruochings. The region remained linked to the Carolingian and post-Carolingian Italy until 952, when it was ceded to the Duchy of Bavaria as the March of Verona. Its core territory comprised parts of modern-day Italy and Slovenia.
## History
After Charlemagne had conquered the Italian Kingdom of the Lombards under King Desiderius at the Siege of Pavia in 774, he at first allowed the Lombard duke Hrodgaud to continue ruling in Friuli. Charlemagne attached the March of Istria to Friuli. According to the Royal Frankish Annals, Hrodgaud two years later revolted declaring himself a King of the Lombards, whereafter Charlemagne came rushing into Italy where he routed the duke\'s forces and had him deposed and killed. The autonomous Lombard duchy was dissolved and incorporated into Francia. From 776, Friuli was ruled by Frankish appointees, who continued to bear the title of a *dux Foroiuliensis*. To the former Lombard duchy he added Pannonia as an integral part of his Carolingian Empire and a bulwark against the encroachments of the Avars and the Croats.
In February 828 the last Friulian *dux*, Baldric, was removed from office by Emperor Louis the Pious at the Imperial diet of Aachen, as he had not been able to defend the Pannonian frontier against the troops of Khan Omurtag of Bulgaria. The duchy was divided into four counties, one of them being the Friuli proper, that was attached to the Middle Frankish realm in 843, ruled by Louis\' eldest son Emperor Lothair I. He bestowed Friuli on his brother-in-law Eberhard, of the Frankish Unruochings, with the title of *dux*, though his successors were called *marchio*: \"margrave\".
Eberhard\'s son Berengar, Friulian margrave since 874, was elected King of Italy after the deposition of Charles the Fat in 887. His election precipitated decades of contests for the throne between rival claimants. Berengar paid homage to the East Frankish king Arnulf of Carinthia, he nevertheless lost the crown to Duke Guy III of Spoleto in 889 and did not succeed in recapturing it until 905. Meanwhile, represented by his counsellor Walfred at the city of Verona, he remained master in Friuli, which was always the base of his support. After Berengar\'s death in 924, his partisans elected Hugh of Arles king.
King Hugh did not appoint a new margrave and the march lay vacant. It remained a political division of the Frankish Kingdom of Italy until the usurpation of the throne by Berengar II upon the death of Hugh\'s son King Lothair II in 950. Summoned by Lothair\'s widow Adelaide of Burgundy, the German king Otto I took the chance to conquer Italy, depose Berengar II and to marry Adelaide. The conflict was settled at the 952 diet of Augsburg, where Berengar II was allowed to retain the royal title as a German vassal, but had to cede Friuli as the March of Verona to Duke Henry I of Bavaria, brother of King Otto I. On February 2, 962 Otto was crowned Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, deposed King Berengar II and had him arrested and exiled one year later. His remaining Italian kingdom became a constituent part of the Holy Roman Empire.
The Veronese march was held by the Carinthian dukes from 976 well into the High Middle Ages. In 1077 King Henry IV of Germany vested the Patriarchate of Aquileia with the Friulian territory east of the Tagliamento river
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| 0 |
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# McNary ARNG Field Heliport
**McNary ARNG Field Heliport** `{{Airport codes|||4OR1}}`{=mediawiki} is a military heliport located two miles (3 km) southeast of the city of Salem in Marion County, Oregon, United States. It is located on the north east corner of Salem Municipal Airport (McNary Field). The heliport serves as the primary base of activity for the Oregon National Guard Army Aviation Support Facility
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# Sirpur (T)
**Sirpur (T)** is a town and a mandal in Komaram Bheem district of the Indian state of Telangana.
## History
Sirpur, formerly known as **Suryapuram**, was ruled by the Gond King, Ballala. The Gond King, Bhim Ballal Sing built Sirpur Fort in 9th century AD. The modern town grew around the fort.
In 1724 AD, Nizam-e-Mulk defeated Mubariz Khan and took possession of the Deccan and began to rule. In 1773, Madhoji Bhonsle entered into an agreement with Nizam Ali Khan, Nizam of Hyderabad by which he agreed to cede Manikgarh (Rajura of Chandrapur) with surrounding territories south of Penganga to the Nizam, in return for the forts of Gavilgarh and Narnala of Amaravati district - Berar.
As a result of Third Anglo-Maratha War between the British and Raghoji II Bhonsle, the latter ceded the territory of Berar to British who, in turn, passed it on to Nizam under treaty and obligation for cooperation in war.
The area was initially a sub-district called Sirpur-Tandur carved out in 1872 and comprised Edlabad (Adilabad), Rajura (now in Maharashtra) and Sirpur taluks. Sirpur-Tandur was originally a district in Maratwada region. Later it was merged with Adilabad district of Telangana. In 2016, Komaram Bheem district was carved out of Adilabad district, and consequently, Sirpur now is in Komaram Bheem district.
## Geography
Sirpur is located at 19.4833°N 79.6000°E. It has an average elevation of 184 meters (603.675 feet). It is situated on the banks of river Wardha.
## Climate
All the three seasons are extreme in this region. Summer is extremely hot with temperatures exceeding 46 degrees due to the presence of Singareni Collieries nearby. December is usually the coldest month in this place with the temperature varying from 10 to 30 degrees Celsius.
## Transport
The town is connected to AP SH 1 at Rebbena through a road. Sirpur is connected to many cities in Telangana by the Telangana State Road Transport Corporation bus service.
Sirpur Town railway station is located on New Delhi--Chennai main line. It is administrated by South Central Railway zone. It is the last railway station in Telangana before crossing over to Maharashtra.
The nearest airport is Nagpur Airport (242 km away) and Hyderabad Airport (323 km away).
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# Sirpur (T)
## Culture
### Festivals
#### Dasra (Vijayadashami) {#dasra_vijayadashami}
Vijayadashami is observed for different reasons and celebrated differently in various parts of South Asia. Vijayadashami marks the end of Durga Puja, remembering goddess Durga\'s victory over the buffalo demon Mahishasura to restore and protect dharma.\[4\]\[9\] In these regions, it marks the end of \"Ramlila\" and remembers God Rama\'s victory over the Ravana. Alternatively, it marks a reverence for one of the aspects of goddess Devi such as Durga or Saraswati. Vijayadashami celebrations include processions to a river or ocean front that carry clay statues of Durga, Lakshmi, Saraswati, Ganesha and Kartikeya, accompanied by music and chants, after which the images are immersed into the water for dissolution and a goodbye. Elsewhere, on Dasara, the towering effigies of Ravana symbolizing the evil are burnt with fireworks marking evil\'s destruction. The festival also starts the preparation for one of the most important and widely celebrated Diwali, the festival of lights, which is celebrated twenty days after the Vijayadashami.
Bathukamma it is celebrated around the period of Dasra. This is a nine-day festival. The women participate in the bathukamma, and it is decorated with the flowers of thangadi, gunuka, thamara, chamanthi, etc. The nine days of Bathukamma are
: First day: engili pulu
: Second day: atukula bathukamma
: Third day: muddapappu bathukamma
: Fourth day: nanne biyyam bathukama
: Fifth day: atla bathukamma
: Sixth day: aligina bathukamma
: Seventh day: vepakaya bathukamma
: Eighth day: venne mudda bathukamma
: Ninth day: saddula bathukamma
#### Pola
Pola is a bull-worshipping festival celebrated by farmers mainly in the Indian state of Maharashtra and Telangana. On the day of Pola, the farmers decorate and worship their bulls. Pola falls on the day of the Pithori Amavasya (the new moon day) in the month of Shravana (usually in August). Puran Poli, karanji, and curry with five vegetables are the main dishes associated with the festival.
### Temples
- Dubbaguda Hanuman Temple
- Sirpur Balaji Temple
- Sri Ramacharla Anjaneya Swamy Devalayam
- Sri Shirdi Sai Baba Temple, Navegon
- Sri Siddi Tonkini Hanuman Temple
- Sri Venkateshwara Temple
## Education
This is a list of educational institutions in Sirpur. `{{Cleanup-list|section|date=March 2023}}`{=mediawiki}
- Eden Garden English Medium School
- Girls Upper Primary School
- Government Junior College
- Govt. Tribal Ashrama High School
- Govt Ashram Girls School
- MPP School, Dubbaguda
- MPUP School, Sonpet
- Social Welfare Residential School and Junior College
- Sri Sai Vidya Mandir
- Vikas Degree College
- Zilla Parishath High School
## Sirpur Assembly constituency {#sirpur_assembly_constituency}
Sirpur is an assembly constituency in Telangana.
**List of Elected Members:**
- 1978 - K.V. Keshavulu
- 1983 and 1989 - K.V. Narayana Rao
- 1989 and 1999 - Palvai Purushotham Rao
- 1999 - Palvai Rajyalaxmi
- 2004 - Koneru Konappa
- 2009 - Kaveti Sammaih
- 2010 - Kaveti Sammaih
- 2014 - Koneru Konappa
- 2023 -DR
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# Trinity Cemetery
**Trinity Cemetery** was founded on Trinity Sunday (June 20) in 1869 as the first cemetery of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Erie. It is located on West Lake Road in Erie, Pennsylvania. The parish cemeteries of Holy Trinity and St. Stanislaus were incorporated into Trinity Cemetery.
## History
The earliest known Catholic cemetery in Erie was on land purchased on East 9th Street in 1837 and consecrated to that purpose on August 2, 1840. A site on Chestnut Street was acquired by the pastor of St. Mary\'s Church in 1848 and used by German Catholics. Remains were relocated from the East 9th Street cemetery to the Chestnut Street site during this period. The Chestnut Street cemetery was closed to new interments when Trinity Cemetery opened in 1869.
Circa 1837, St. Patrick\'s Church purchased a small lot on 3rd Street between German Street and Parade Street as its first cemetery. When 5 acre were acquired in 1852 at 24th Street and Sassafras Street, the congregation moved remains from Third Street to the new site. This cemetery was closed to new interments and many bodies relocated to Trinity Cemetery after it opened. As of 1884, some families had refused consent for the bodies of loved ones to be relocated.
Trinity Cemetery, consisting of 30 acre of well-appointed walks, driveways, and ornamental trees and located about 4 mi west of the city, was dedicated on May 23, 1869 in a consecration ceremony conducted by representatives of the diocese and area parishes and witnessed by thousands of local area residents. Bishop Tobias Mullen and a host of local clergy processed from 8th Street to the cemetery that Sunday afternoon.
## Notable interments {#notable_interments}
Notable people buried at Trinity Cemetery:
- Philip Cochran (1910--1979), U.S. Army colonel who fought in World War II and was the inspiration for comic strip characters by Milton Caniff.
- Dell Darling (1863--1904), Major League Baseball catcher for the Chicago White Stockings and appears on the Chicago Cubs and St. Louis Cardinals all-time rosters
- William F. Finneran (1878--1961), Major League Baseball umpire
- James Edward \"Gussie\" Gannon (1873--1966), Major League Baseball player for the Pittsburgh Pirates
- Michael Liebel, Jr. (1870--1927), Former U.S
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# Peter Sumich
**Peter Lori Sumich** (born 11 January 1968) is a former Australian rules footballer who represented `{{AFL WC}}`{=mediawiki} in the Australian Football League (AFL) and `{{WAFL|SF}}`{=mediawiki} in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) during the 1980s and 1990s.
Sumich made his debut for South Fremantle in 1986, having also played cricket for the Australian national under-19 team. After leading the club\'s goalkicking in 1988, Sumich was selected with a pre-draft selection by the West Coast Eagles prior to the 1988 National Draft. He made his debut for West Coast the following season.He established himself as the team\'s first-choice full-forward, leading the goalkicking for six consecutive seasons between 1989 and 1994. Sumich played in West Coast\'s 1992 and 1994 premiership sides, before retiring from AFL football at the end of the 1997 season. In 1998, he was co-captain of South Fremantle, and led the club\'s goalkicking in what was his final year of playing football. During this time, Sumich also represented Western Australia in five State of Origin and interstate matches.
After his retirement from playing, Sumich coached South Fremantle between 2000 and 2001, before signing as an assistant coach at West Coast, where he served in that role from 2002 to 2011, before joining Fremantle as an assistant coach. In total, he kicked 514 goals, a club record, from 150 games for West Coast, leading the club\'s goalkicking on a record seven occasions. After kicking 111 goals during the 1991 season, Sumich became the first Eagles player, and the first left-footer, to kick more than 100 goals in a season.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Originally playing for the Cockburn Junior Football Club, Sumich represented the Western Australia Under-18 team which won the 1985 Teal Cup. He made his debut for `{{WAFL|SF}}`{=mediawiki} in 1986. As well as playing football, Sumich was also a noted under-age cricketer, playing three Tests and three One Day Internationals for the Australia Under-19 cricket team in 1987 as a left-arm orthodox spinner. Sumich also attended the Western Australian Institute of Sport.
Sumich was selected by the West Coast Eagles with a pre-draft selection before the 1988 National Draft. He made his debut for the club in round one of the 1989 VFL season against `{{AFL Ess}}`{=mediawiki}, recording 10 disposals. After kicking one goal in the first three games, Sumich was dropped back to South Fremantle, but returned in round seven, and played each of the remaining games for West Coast. He finished with 45 goals for the season to be the club\'s leading goalkicker, which included four hauls of more than five goals. Against `{{AFL Foo}}`{=mediawiki} in round 12 he kicked eight goals, setting a record for the most goals kicked in a match by a West Coast player.
In 1991, Sumich kicked 111 goals to finish second in the Coleman Medal to Tony Lockett, establishing records as the only West Coast Eagles player to kick more than 100 goals in a season and becoming the first left-footer to kick more than 100 goals. His total of 89 behinds for the season is also a VFL/AFL record. Against Footscray in round 13 he kicked 13.3, surpassing his previous record for most goals in a game (later topped by Scott Cummings in 2000 with 14.1). He also kicked five goals in West Coast\'s Grand Final loss to `{{AFL Haw}}`{=mediawiki}. Sumich was a member of West Coast\'s 1992 and 1994 premiership victories over `{{AFL Gee}}`{=mediawiki}, kicking six goals in the 1992 Grand Final and two goals in the 1994 Grand Final. In Round 18 of the 1996 AFL season, Sumich kicked six goals in a stirring six-point victory over `{{AFL Ess}}`{=mediawiki}, but was reported by umpire Greg Scroop for allegedly striking Damien Hardwick, and was suspended for two matches.
Sumich finished his career in 1997 as West Coast\'s all-time leading goalkicker, kicking 514 goals from 150 games at an average of 3.43 goals per game. He also holds the record for the most goals kicked at the WACA Ground -- 101 goals from 29 games.
Sumich had been playing on-and-off for South Fremantle since he was recruited by West Coast, mainly when recovering from injury or out of form, but returned to the club full-time in 1998, serving as co-captain with Peter Worsfold. He played 17 games for the club in 1998, kicking 25 goals to finish as the club\'s leading goalkicker, and retired at the end of the season.
## Coaching career {#coaching_career}
Sumich served as coach of South Fremantle in 2000 and 2001, taking his club to a grand final in 2001, which the club lost to `{{WAFL|EP}}`{=mediawiki}. He accepted a role as an assistant coach at the West Coast Eagles when his premiership teammate John Worsfold was appointed senior coach in 2002. Sumich served in this position for ten years until 2011, which included the club\'s 2006 premiership victory. The Fremantle Football Club announced in October 2011 that Sumich would be joining the club as an assistant coach under Ross Lyon. He left Fremantle at the end of the 2016 season.
| 838 |
Peter Sumich
| 0 |
11,014,791 |
# Peter Sumich
## Playing statistics {#playing_statistics}
:
\|- style=\"background-color: #EAEAEA\" ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 1989 \| `{{AFL WC}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 4 \|\| 19 \|\| 45 \|\| 28 \|\| 200 \|\| 27 \|\| 227 \|\| 93 \|\| 7 \|\| 2.4 \|\| 1.5 \|\| 10.5 \|\| 1.4 \|\| 11.9 \|\| 4.9 \|\| 0.4 \|- ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 1990 \| `{{AFL WC}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 4 \|\| 23 \|\| 90 \|\| 61 \|\| 205 \|\| 32 \|\| 237 \|\| 139 \|\| 12 \|\| 3.9 \|\| 2.7 \|\| 8.9 \|\| 1.4 \|\| 10.3 \|\| 6.0 \|\| 0.5 \|- style=\"background:#eaeaea;\" ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 1991 \| `{{AFL WC}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 4 \|\| 25 \|\| 111 \|\| 89 \|\| 297 \|\| 34 \|\| 331 \|\| 171 \|\| 19 \|\| 4.4 \|\| 3.6 \|\| 11.9 \|\| 1.4 \|\| 13.2 \|\| 6.8 \|\| 0.8 \|- \|style=\"text-align:center;background:#afe6ba;\"\|1992† \| `{{AFL WC}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 4 \|\| 19 \|\| 82 \|\| 46 \|\| 162 \|\| 13 \|\| 175 \|\| 87 \|\| 12 \|\| 4.3 \|\| 2.4 \|\| 8.5 \|\| 0.7 \|\| 9.2 \|\| 4.6 \|\| 0.6 \|- style=\"background:#eaeaea;\" ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 1993 \| `{{AFL WC}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 4 \|\| 21 \|\| 76 \|\| 57 \|\| 174 \|\| 23 \|\| 197 \|\| 100 \|\| 9 \|\| 3.6 \|\| 2.7 \|\| 8.3 \|\| 1.1 \|\| 9.4 \|\| 4.8 \|\| 0.4 \|- \|style=\"text-align:center;background:#afe6ba;\"\|1994† \| `{{AFL WC}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 4 \|\| 18 \|\| 49 \|\| 42 \|\| 115 \|\| 7 \|\| 122 \|\| 61 \|\| 12 \|\| 2.7 \|\| 2.3 \|\| 6.4 \|\| 0.4 \|\| 6.8 \|\| 3.4 \|\| 0.7 \|- style=\"background:#eaeaea;\" ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 1995 \| `{{AFL WC}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 4 \|\| 5 \|\| 7 \|\| 3 \|\| 15 \|\| 2 \|\| 17 \|\| 5 \|\| 7 \|\| 1.4 \|\| 0.6 \|\| 3.0 \|\| 0.4 \|\| 3.4 \|\| 1.0 \|\| 1.4 \|- ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 1996 \| `{{AFL WC}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 4 \|\| 7 \|\| 21 \|\| 11 \|\| 45 \|\| 5 \|\| 50 \|\| 25 \|\| 7 \|\| 3.0 \|\| 1.6 \|\| 6.4 \|\| 0.7 \|\| 7.1 \|\| 3.6 \|\| 1.0 \|- style=\"background:#eaeaea;\" ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 1997 \| `{{AFL WC}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 4 \|\| 13 \|\| 33 \|\| 17 \|\| 64 \|\| 13 \|\| 77 \|\| 31 \|\| 7 \|\| 2.5 \|\| 1.3 \|\| 4.9 \|\| 1.0 \|\| 5.9 \|\| 2.4 \|\| 0.5 \|- class=\"sortbottom\" ! colspan=3\| Career ! 150 ! 514 ! 354 ! 1277 ! 156 ! 1433 ! 712 ! 92 ! 3.4 ! 2.4 ! 8.5 ! 1.0 ! 9.6 ! 4.7 ! 0
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| 1 |
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# Jean Parmentier (explorer)
**Jean Parmentier** (1494--1529), born in Dieppe, France, was a navigator, cartographer, and poet. Jean and his brother Raoul made numerous voyages for the shipowner Jean Ango.
In 1531 Pierre Crignon, published a collection of Jean\'s poetry. Although Jean was well known as a cartographer, none of his maps have survived.
In their voyages he supposedly was accompanied by \"Jean Sasi, le grand Peintre\". Upon their return they triggered the development of the Dieppe maps, influencing the work of Dieppe cartographers, such as Jean Rotz
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# Fumiko
is a feminine Japanese given name
| 8 |
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| 0 |
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# Ungarie
**Ungarie** `{{IPAc-en|ʌ|ŋ|ˈ|ɡ|ɛər|i}}`{=mediawiki} is a town in New South Wales, Australia which is the second major town of the Bland Shire, located in the Central West region of New South Wales. It is located 513 km west of Sydney and 615 km north of Melbourne, between the towns of West Wyalong and Lake Cargelligo and is situated 262 m above sea level. The town\'s name is derived from an Indigenous Australian word meaning \"thigh\".
## History
John Oxley, explorer and NSW surveyor general, was probably the first European to cross through what is now the Ungarie district. This was part of his investigation of the Lachlan Valley area in May 1817. In describing the country he had penetrated he said:
> \"For the want of timber, grass and water, this country will never be inhabited by civilised man.\"
He was of course proven wrong and the land west of Bathurst soon opened up. It was about 1852 that John Regan explored the back country of what is now West Wyalong in search of more station country. The Regans had a property east of West Wyalong called The Bland. Soon after he continued to explore further west and came upon the creek that he called The Humbug.
His group was so impressed by the land that it was taken up. A Mr Ward entered into partnership with one of Regan\'s friend, a Mr Wood. They called the new run Merrigreen which consisted of 42220 acre. After Regan\'s explorations more men came to take up various stations.
Wollongough was taken up by Carlo Marino around 1871, followed by the King Family in 1878 and later by John Bros. In 1866 Roger Freeling took up Ungarie Station.
It was around about 1871 that the farming residents in the vicinity of the Humbug took up a petition for a Post Office to be established at Wollongough as they argued that the nearest post office at Marsden was too far away, 81 km. The postmaster at Forbes reported that about 20 to 30 residents would benefit from a post office.
Mr George Tout was appointed postmaster on 1 January 1872 with an allowance of ten pounds per annum. The post office closed in 1875 because of some disagreements regarding the cost of the tender for the mail service. There often appeared to be some concern expressed by postmaster Tout regarding the conditions and the viability of the Post office. Once the post office was established a small settlement began to grow.
Mr Tout had erected, at his own cost, an apartment adjoining the post office. It is believed that this was the first building in Ungarie and it was believed to have been located at the rear of Navin\'s store on the creek.
The old hotel was owned by Mrs Kerwin, and a portion of it, which still stands at the rear of the butcher\'s shop was the dining room and was built around 1883 by Mr Tout. In 1889 the hotel was sold to the Mackrell family who came here from Wardry, where they conducted a hotel business.
By 1892 the settlement comprised a post office, a hotel, two general stores, a blacksmith shop, a butchery and a boarding house. It was Mr Mackrell who apparently led a group for the establishment of a school in 1891. Even at this stage the Ungarie settlement did not have the distinction of being gazetted as a village and it was in November 1891 that application was made for Ungarie to be established as a village. Following this, Surveyor A. Maitland reported that a village should be surveyed on the south side of the Euglo or Humbug creek in a position which would now be midway between the present township and the original business place adjacent to the east.
Nothing had yet been finalised, so a petition was submitted to the Minister of Lands, urging a survey for a village. Surveyor Roberts reported in December 1892 that a more suitable site existed on the north side of Euglo or Humbug creek opposite the present day township. In September 1893 Surveyor A. Maitland surveyed the village on this site covering an area of 250 acre. This was gazetted as the village of Ungarie on 31 March 1894.
The first police residence appeared from Yarrandale in 1896, however it is not exactly clear when the first police constable took up duties. The current police house was built in 1995.
By 1900 the village of Ungarie began to grow and a baker shop was added to the list of services provided in the town.
### Railway
After considerable agitation from residents a new branch railway line was approved for construction from the existing terminus of West Wyalong to Ungarie and on to Lake Cargelligo. Construction commenced in 1913 with the line opening on 13 November 1917. The new railway station was located approximately one half mile from the original village, a new village eventually grew around the new station. Nine years later work started on a new branch line from Ungarie to Naradhan to service more wheat collection sidings, this line opened on 11 February 1929.
## Present
The current village of Ungarie includes a central school, an Australian rules football/cricket ground, a post office, a pub, a butchery, a fuel station, a mechanic, an AGnVET, a swimming pool, a retirement home and a Catholic church.
| 897 |
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| 0 |
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# Ungarie
## Places of interest {#places_of_interest}
- The BIG FOOTY (Celebrating the contribution of the Danihers to AFL)
- White Elephant Water Tower
- Ungarie War Memorial Hall
- Ungarie Lawn Bowling Club
- Central Hotel
## Sport
The most popular sport in Ungarie is Australian rules football, despite New South Wales being a largely rugby league supporting state. This is due in part to the legacy of the Daniher Family.
- Ungarie Magpies - Australian rules football & netball
- Ungarie Cricket Club - Cricket
- Ungarie Tennis Club - Tennis
- Ungarie Bowling Club - Lawn Bowls
- Ungarie Swimming Club - Swimming
## Notable people from the area {#notable_people_from_the_area}
- Anthony Daniher, former Australian rules footballer
- Chris Daniher, former Australian rules footballer
- Neale Daniher, former Australian rules footballer and coach
- Terry Daniher, former Australian rules footballer
- Raymond Boultwood Ewers, war sculptor
- Ben Fixter, former Australian rules footballer
- Paul Smith, actor
## Gallery
<File:Ungarie> Central Hotel 004.JPG\| Ungarie Central Hotel <File:UngarieTown&CountryTavern.JPG>\| Ungarie Town & Country Tavern <File:Country> Women\'s Association (CWA) rooms in Ungarie, New South Wales.jpg\| CWA rooms in Ungarie <File:Ungarie> Anglican Church 001.JPG\|Ungarie Anglican church <File:Ungarie> Lutheran Church.JPG\| Ungarie Lutheran Church <File:Ungarie> Roman Catholic Church.JPG\| Ungarie Roman Catholic Church <File:Ungarie> Community Church.JPG\| Ungarie Community Church <File:Ungarie> Bing Wallder Park.JPG\| Ungarie Bing Wallder Park <File:Ungarie> Football Ground Entry.JPG\| Ungarie Football Ground Entry <File:Ungarie> Squash Courts.JPG\| Ungarie Squash Courts <File:Ungarie> War Memorial.JPG\| Ungarie War Memorial <File:Ungarie> War Memorial Hall 001.JPG\| Ungarie War Memorial Hall <File:Ungarie> War Memorial Hall 002.JPG\| Ungarie War Memorial Hall <File:Ungarie> Town Entry Signs.JPG\| Ungarie Town Entry <File:Ungarie> Supermarket.JPG\|Main Shopping centre <File:Ungarie> Verandas.JPG\| Main Shopping centre <File:Ungarie> Butcher Shop.JPG\| Main Shopping centre <File:Ungarie> Footpath.JPG\| Main Shopping centre <File:Ungarie> Former Bank 001.JPG\| Main Shopping centre <File:Ungarie> Former Bank 004.JPG\| Main Shopping centre <File:Ungarie> Garage.JPG\| Main Shopping centre <File:Ungarie> General Store.JPG\| Main Shopping centre <File:Ungarie> Hospital.JPG\|Ungarie Hospital <File:Ungarie> Main Street 003.JPG\|Main Street <File:Ungarie> Majestic Cafe 002.JPG\| Main Shopping centre <File:Ungarie> Majestic Cafe & Museum.JPG\| Main Shopping centre and Post Office <File:Ungarie> Motorcycle Shop.JPG\| Main Shopping centre <File:Ungarie> Petrol Station 001.JPG\| Main Shopping centre <File:Ungarie> Police Station
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# Anything Goes (Cole Porter song)
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# Micro-Term ERGO-201
The **Micro-Term ERGO-201** is a computer terminal produced in 1983 as part of the ERGO series of computers manufactured by Micro-Term Incorporated, located in St. Louis, MO. It consists of a monitor and a keyboard. The monitor contains the motherboard with a keyboard, printer, and auxiliary port. The computer runs on a SGS Z8400 CPU, a clone of the Zilog Z80A CPU
The Micro-Term Ergo Series can emulate a variety of terminals but the most common terminal emulation is vt100. [1](https://web.archive.org/web/20070507123912/http://mintaka.sdsu.edu/faculty/wfw/CLASSES/ASTR680/utexas.unix_beyond
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# Alan Cadman
**Alan Glyndwr Cadman** `{{post-nominals|country=AUS|OAM}}`{=mediawiki} (born 26 July 1937) is an Australian politician who served as a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives for over 30 years, from 1974 to 2007, representing the Division of Mitchell, New South Wales.
## Biography
Cadman was born in Sydney and studied agriculture at the University of New South Wales. He was an orchardist and company director before entering politics.
Despite his long tenure, Cadman was only considered for ministerial preferment twice. He served as parliamentary secretary to the prime minister (Malcolm Fraser) 1981--83 and parliamentary secretary to the minister for workplace relations and small business 1997--98. In 1992 he was one of a group of Coalition members of parliament who founded the Lyons Forum, a conservative ginger group.
In 2003 Cadman was featured in an episode titled Cadman for PM of the satirical news program, *CNNNN*. The episode ridiculed Cadman\'s tenure on the backbenches and compared it to Paul Keating\'s 6 months on the backbench in 1991 before successfully challenging Bob Hawke for the leadership of the Labor party.
Cadman was challenged for preselection ahead of the 2007 election by Alex Hawke. However, on 16 June 2007, Cadman withdrew from the preselection contest, and later announced his current term would be his last. He was to later condemn the circumstances under which he lost preselection to Hawke. Specifically, he accused Hawke of engaging in massive branch-stacking to ensure he would win the preselection contest for this comfortably safe Liberal seat.
Cadman formally retired on 17 October, when the House was dissolved ahead of the election. At the time of his retirement, he was tied with Prime Minister John Howard, the member for neighbouring Bennelong, as the second-longest serving member of the House of Representatives. Both Cadman and Howard had first been elected in 1974; only Philip Ruddock had served in the House longer than Cadman and Howard.
Psephologist Antony Green in noting that Cadman had entered Parliament at the same time as Howard said that Cadman\'s career had \"not followed the stellar trajectory of John Howard\".
Despite Howard and Cadman having entered Parliament at the same time, Cadman was only briefly a parliamentary secretary between 1997 and 1998 during Howard\'s prime ministership.
Just as Cadman and Howard had both entered Parliament in 1974 they both left it at the 2007 election because at the same time that Cadman had retired, Howard as the sitting prime minister had lost his seat of Bennelong at the same time as the Howard Government was voted out of office
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# Encyclopaedia Hebraica
The ***Encyclopaedia Hebraica*** (*האנציקלופדיה העברית*) is a comprehensive encyclopedia in the Hebrew language that was published in the latter half of the 20th century.
## History
The *General Encyclopedia* had been successfully printed by Bracha Peli\'s printing business under the editorship of Prof. Joseph Klausner. Bracha Peli\'s son, Alexander was keen to start a more ambitious encyclopedia in Hebrew.
The idea of the *Encyclopaedia Hebraica* began to take material form in the summer of 1944. An advisory committee was established to determine the goals of the encyclopedia. Printing of the first volume began in the summer of 1948 with the founding of the State of Israel. The honorary president of the project was the President of Israel, Professor Chaim Weizmann.
The first volume covered the entries Aleph (א) through Australia (אוסטרליה). The first photograph that appears in the volume is a picture of Israel\'s Declaration of Independence. The entry concluding the encyclopedia, in volume 32, is Tishrei (תשרי).
In the publisher\'s introduction was written:
> We have strong faith that we will realize our aspiration to provide exceptional content in a magnificent vessel and to add and enhance from volume to volume, and that we will finish publishing all 16 volumes within five or six years and that the whole project will achieve its purpose.
As it turned out, the writing of the encyclopedia continued for more than thirty years, and only in 1980---a quarter century after the original target date---was the publication completed. In total, the encyclopedia numbered thirty-two volumes when it was completed. During the writing stage, an additional Addendum I volume came out, which updated and supplemented volumes 1 through 16, and after volume 32 was completed an Addendum II volume was published. In 1985, five years after completion of the volumes of the encyclopedia, an index volume was printed, and in 1995 Addendum III came out, which updated data in Addendum II. With it also appeared two volumes containing extensive updates of entries dealing with the State of Israel and land of Israel.
The many years needed for completion of the encyclopedia meant that its editors were replaced over the years. The position was held by Joseph Klausner, Benzion Netanyahu, Yeshayahu Leibowitz, Nathan Rotenstreich, Yehoshua Gutman, and Joshua Prawer. The editorial supervisor throughout all the volumes was Alexander Peli. More than 2,500 writers participated in the writing of the encyclopedia, among them the leading Israeli scientists and fifteen Nobel laureates.
During the period of publication, a tremendous significance was associated with the encyclopedia. This was demonstrated by the fact there were people that felt a driving need to be included in the encyclopedia as a sort of stamp of approval of their importance and position. Bracha Peli, publisher of the encyclopedia, later told of an author who approached her one day and threatened to commit suicide if he was not included: \"Even though his standing in the Hebrew literature was not of great importance, I did not take any chances and included him as an entry.\" At times, arguments arose over who would write a given article, arguments that stemmed from academic differences of opinion or from political or emotional factors. Such was the case with the articles on David Ben-Gurion and on Adolf Hitler.
The newer volumes of the encyclopedia that were written in the 1990s and edited by David Shacham were criticized for allegedly containing a post-Zionist tone.
Within a year of the last volume being published the rights to the encyclopedia had been sold. Schocken Publishing House are said to be working on a new, revised edition of the encyclopedia.
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# Encyclopaedia Hebraica
## Characteristics
The nature of the encyclopedia is reflected in its secondary title: \"General, Jewish, and Israeli.\" The encyclopedia covers general topics, but a Jewish-Israeli emphasis is discernible, principally in articles dealing with Judaism, Jews, and Israel, as well as in its treatment of such topics within articles on general topics. Thus the encyclopedia takes care to emphasize in every biographical article the Jewishness of the person, even when Judaism is of no significance in the person\'s life (e.g. Boris Pasternak), as well as the person\'s impact on Jewish people. The longest biographical article (thirty-two columns) is on Theodor Herzl, and the longest non-Jewish biographical article is on Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
Articles dealing with various countries and cities typically give an account of the place\'s general history, followed by a separate detailed account of its Jewish history where it has one; in particular, for places that were under Nazi rule a detailed account is given of the fate of its Jewish community during the Holocaust. Similarly, in describing countries and cities with an existing Jewish community, the encyclopedia invariably provided a detailed account of the number of Jews, their professions, their main places of habitation, the structure of the community, and similar details.
Writers of the encyclopedia did not hide their Jewish-nationalistic political views. Thus, the Kingdom of Jordan did not warrant an entry, since the encyclopedia did not recognize it. Details of this country are included within the article \"Land of Israel,\" and it is stated in the beginning of the article that in the Hebrew language, the phrase includes the \"land of Israel\" on both sides of the Jordan River. In the second supplementary volume, the entry \"Jordan\" appears, reflecting the change of political attitudes in Israeli society in the passing decades.
The letter Aleph contains the largest number of articles, and six and a half volumes are accorded to it (more than 30% of the anticipated number of volumes). The last article is \"Ethers\" (אתרים). The longest article starting with aleph is \"Land of Israel\" (ארץ ישראל), to which an entire volume is dedicated: volume 6. Next in size is \"United States of America\" (ארצות הברית של אמריקה), which spans 126 columns. The collective size of the aleph articles does not stem from its relative weight in the Hebrew alphabet, but rather reflects the initial enthusiasm with which the editors tried to include the sum of human knowledge. When it became clear that at that rate and depth production of the encyclopedia would never come to an end, it was decided to limit its extent (which, among other things, led to the existence in the first volumes of \"see also\"\'s that in the end pointed to unwritten articles). The smallest letter in the encyclopedia is the letter Tsade (צ), which spans 531 pages, less than one volume, and is contained in volume 28.
A famous non-political controversy involved the article on Plato (אפלטון) appearing in volume 5. Professor Yeshayahu Leibowitz, one of the encyclopedia\'s main editors, sharply disagreed with the interpretation given to Plato\'s ideas. This he expressed by adding in the forward pages of this volume, where he was listed as \"Prof. Yeshayahu Leibowitz, editor in Philosophy\", a footnote reading \"until page 223\" (the page where the Plato article appeared)
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# Selective exposure theory
**Selective exposure** is a theory within the practice of psychology, often used in media and communication research, that historically refers to individuals\' tendency to favor information which reinforces their pre-existing views while avoiding contradictory information. Selective exposure has also been known and defined as \"congeniality bias\" or \"confirmation bias\" in various texts throughout the years.
According to the historical use of the term, people tend to select specific aspects of exposed information which they incorporate into their mindset. These selections are made based on their perspectives, beliefs, attitudes, and decisions. People can mentally dissect the information they are exposed to and select favorable evidence, while ignoring the unfavorable. The foundation of this theory is rooted in the cognitive dissonance theory `{{harv|Festinger|1957}}`{=mediawiki}, which asserts that when individuals are confronted with contrasting ideas, certain mental defense mechanisms are activated to produce harmony between new ideas and pre-existing beliefs, which results in cognitive equilibrium. Cognitive equilibrium, which is defined as a state of balance between a person\'s mental representation of the world and his or her environment, is crucial to understanding selective exposure theory. According to Jean Piaget, when a mismatch occurs, people find it to be \"inherently dissatisfying\".
Selective exposure relies on the assumption that one will continue to seek out information on an issue even after an individual has taken a stance on it. The position that a person has taken will be colored by various factors of that issue that are reinforced during the decision-making process. According to Stroud (2008), theoretically, selective exposure occurs when people\'s beliefs guide their media selections.
Selective exposure has been displayed in various contexts such as self-serving situations and situations in which people hold prejudices regarding outgroups, particular opinions, and personal and group-related issues. Perceived usefulness of information, perceived norm of fairness, and curiosity of valuable information are three factors that can counteract selective exposure.
Also of great concern is the theory of \"Selective Participation\" proposed by Sir Godson David in 2024
This theory suggests that individuals have the ability to selectively participate in certain aspects of events or activities that are most meaningful or important to them, while being fully aware of the consequences of neglecting other aspects.
In this theory, individuals may prioritize certain elements of an event based on personal values, interests, or goals, and may choose to invest their time, energy, and resources in these specific areas. They may also make conscious decisions to limit participation in other aspects of the event, recognizing that they cannot engage fully in all aspects simultaneously.
By selectively participating in specific aspects of events, individuals can focus on what matters most to them, optimize their resources and efforts in those areas, and compensate for any potential neglect in other areas. This approach may allow individuals to maintain a sense of control, satisfaction, and well-being while navigating complex events or activities.
Overall, the theory of Selective Participation emphasizes the importance of intentional decision-making and prioritization in event participation, acknowledging that individuals have the agency to choose where to direct their time and attention based on their individual preferences and goals.
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# Selective exposure theory
## Effect on decision-making {#effect_on_decision_making}
### Individual versus group decision-making {#individual_versus_group_decision_making}
Selective exposure can often affect the decisions people make as individuals or as groups because they may be unwilling to change their views and beliefs either collectively or on their own, despite conflicting and reliable information. An example of the effects of selective exposure is the series of events leading up to the Bay of Pigs Invasion in 1961. President John F. Kennedy was given the go ahead by his advisers to authorize the invasion of Cuba by poorly trained expatriates despite overwhelming evidence that it was a foolish and ill-conceived tactical maneuver. The advisers were so eager to please the President that they confirmed their cognitive bias for the invasion rather than challenging the faulty plan. Changing beliefs about one\'s self, other people, and the world are three variables as to why people fear new information. A variety of studies has shown that selective exposure effects can occur in the context of both individual and group decision making. Numerous situational variables have been identified that increase the tendency toward selective exposure. Social psychology, specifically, includes research with a variety of situational factors and related psychological processes that eventually persuade a person to make a quality decision. Additionally, from a psychological perspective, the effects of selective exposure can both stem from motivational and cognitive accounts.
### Effect of information quantity {#effect_of_information_quantity}
According to research study by Fischer, Schulz-Hardt, et al. (2008), the quantity of decision-relevant information that the participants were exposed to had a significant effect on their levels of selective exposure. A group for which only two pieces of decision-relevant information were given had experienced lower levels of selective exposure than the other group who had ten pieces of information to evaluate. This research brought more attention to the cognitive processes of individuals when they are presented with a very small amount of decision-consistent and decision-inconsistent information. The study showed that in situations such as this, an individual becomes more doubtful of their initial decision due to the unavailability of resources. They begin to think that there is not enough data or evidence in this particular field in which they are told to make a decision about. Because of this, the subject becomes more critical of their initial thought process and focuses on both decision-consistent and inconsistent sources, thus decreasing his level of selective exposure. For the group who had plentiful pieces of information, this factor made them confident in their initial decision because they felt comfort from the fact that their decision topic was well-supported by a large number of resources. Therefore, the availability of decision-relevant and irrelevant information surrounding individuals can influence the level of selective exposure experienced during the process of decision-making.
Selective exposure is prevalent within singular individuals and groups of people and can influence either to reject new ideas or information that is not commensurate with the original ideal. In Jonas et al. (2001) empirical studies were done on four different experiments investigating individuals\' and groups\' decision making. This article suggests that confirmation bias is prevalent in decision making. Those who find new information often draw their attention towards areas where they hold personal attachment. Thus, people are driven toward pieces of information that are coherent with their own expectations or beliefs as a result of this selective exposure theory occurring in action. Throughout the process of the four experiments, generalization is always considered valid and confirmation bias is always present when seeking new information and making decisions.
### Accuracy motivation and defense motivation {#accuracy_motivation_and_defense_motivation}
Fischer and Greitemeyer (2010) explored individuals\' decision making in terms of selective exposure to confirmatory information. Selective exposure posed that individuals make their decisions based on information that is consistent with their decision rather than information that is inconsistent. Recent research has shown that \"Confirmatory Information Search\" was responsible for the 2008 bankruptcy of the Lehman Brothers Investment Bank which then triggered the 2008 financial crisis. In the zeal for profit and economic gain, politicians, investors, and financial advisors ignored the mathematical evidence that foretold the housing market crash in favor of flimsy justifications for upholding the status quo. Researchers explain that subjects have the tendency to seek and select information using their integrative model. There are two primary motivations for selective exposure: Accuracy Motivation and Defense Motivation. Accuracy Motivation explains that an individual is motivated to be accurate in their decision making and Defense Motivation explains that one seeks confirmatory information to support their beliefs and justify their decisions. Accuracy motivation is not always beneficial within the context of selective exposure and can instead be counterintuitive, increasing the amount of selective exposure. Defense motivation can lead to reduced levels of selective exposure.
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# Selective exposure theory
## Effect on decision-making {#effect_on_decision_making}
### Personal attributes {#personal_attributes}
Selective exposure avoids information inconsistent with one\'s beliefs and attitudes. For example, former Vice President Dick Cheney would only enter a hotel room after the television was turned on and tuned to a conservative television channel. When analyzing a person\'s decision-making skills, his or her unique process of gathering relevant information is not the only factor taken into account. Fischer et al. (2010) found it important to consider the information source itself, otherwise explained as the physical being that provided the source of information. Selective exposure research generally neglects the influence of indirect decision-related attributes, such as physical appearance. In Fischer et al. (2010) two studies hypothesized that physically attractive information sources resulted in decision makers to be more selective in searching and reviewing decision-relevant information. Researchers explored the impact of social information and its level of physical attractiveness. The data was then analyzed and used to support the idea that selective exposure existed for those who needed to make a decision. Therefore, the more attractive an information source was, the more positive and detailed the subject was with making the decision. Physical attractiveness affects an individual\'s decision because the perception of quality improves. Physically attractive information sources increased the quality of consistent information needed to make decisions and further increased the selective exposure in decision-relevant information, supporting the researchers\' hypothesis. Both studies concluded that attractiveness is driven by a different selection and evaluation of decision-consistent information. Decision makers allow factors such as physical attractiveness to affect everyday decisions due to the works of selective exposure. In another study, selective exposure was defined by the amount of individual confidence. Individuals can control the amount of selective exposure depending on whether they have a low self-esteem or high self-esteem. Individuals who maintain higher confidence levels reduce the amount of selective exposure. Albarracín and Mitchell (2004) hypothesized that those who displayed higher confidence levels were more willing to seek out information both consistent and inconsistent with their views. The phrase \"decision-consistent information\" explains the tendency to actively seek decision-relevant information. Selective exposure occurs when individuals search for information and show systematic preferences towards ideas that are consistent, rather than inconsistent, with their beliefs. On the contrary, those who exhibited low levels of confidence were more inclined to examine information that did not agree with their views. The researchers found that in three out of five studies participants showed more confidence and scored higher on the *Defensive Confidence Scale*, which serves as evidence that their hypothesis was correct.
Bozo et al. (2009) investigated the anxiety of fearing death and compared it to various age groups in relation to health-promoting behaviors. Researchers analyzed the data by using the terror management theory and found that age had no direct effect on specific behaviors. The researchers thought that a fear of death would yield health-promoting behaviors in young adults. When individuals are reminded of their own death, it causes stress and anxiety, but eventually leads to positive changes in their health behaviors. Their conclusions showed that older adults were consistently better at promoting and practicing good health behaviors, without thinking about death, compared to young adults. Young adults were less motivated to change and practice health-promoting behaviors because they used the selective exposure to confirm their prior beliefs. Selective exposure thus creates barriers between the behaviors in different ages, but there is no specific age at which people change their behaviors.
Though physical appearance will impact one\'s personal decision regarding an idea presented, a study conducted by Van Dillen, Papies, and Hofmann (2013) suggests a way to decrease the influence of personal attributes and selective exposure on decision-making. The results from this study showed that people do pay more attention to physically attractive or tempting stimuli; however, this phenomenon can be decreased through increasing the \"cognitive load.\" In this study, increasing cognitive activity led to a decreased impact of physical appearance and selective exposure on the individual\'s impression of the idea presented. This is explained by acknowledging that we are instinctively drawn to certain physical attributes, but if the required resources for this attraction are otherwise engaged at the time, then we might not notice these attributes to an equal extent. For example, if a person is simultaneously engaging in a mentally challenging activity during the time of exposure, then it is likely that less attention will be paid to appearance, which leads to a decreased impact of selective exposure on decision-making.
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# Selective exposure theory
## Theories accounting for selective exposure {#theories_accounting_for_selective_exposure}
### Cognitive dissonance theory {#cognitive_dissonance_theory}
Leon Festinger is widely considered as the father of modern social psychology and as an important figure to that field of practice as Freud was to clinical psychology and Piaget was to developmental psychology. He was considered to be one of the most significant social psychologists of the 20th century. His work demonstrated that it is possible to use the scientific method to investigate complex and significant social phenomena without reducing them to the mechanistic connections between stimulus and response that were the basis of behaviorism. Festinger proposed the groundbreaking theory of cognitive dissonance that has become the foundation of selective exposure theory today despite the fact that Festinger was considered as an \"avant-garde\" psychologist when he had first proposed it in 1957. In an ironic twist, Festinger realized that he himself was a victim of the effects of selective exposure. He was a heavy smoker his entire life and when he was diagnosed with terminal cancer in 1989, he was said to have joked, \"Make sure that everyone knows that it wasn\'t lung cancer!\" Cognitive dissonance theory explains that when a person either consciously or unconsciously realizes conflicting attitudes, thoughts, or beliefs, they experience mental discomfort. Because of this, an individual will avoid such conflicting information in the future since it produces this discomfort, and they will gravitate towards messages sympathetic to their own previously held conceptions. Decision makers are unable to evaluate information quality independently on their own (Fischer, Jonas, Dieter & Kastenmüller, 2008). When there is a conflict between pre-existing views and information encountered, individuals will experience an unpleasant and self-threatening state of aversive-arousal which will motivate them to reduce it through selective exposure. They will begin to prefer information that supports their original decision and neglect conflicting information. Individuals will then exhibit confirmatory information to defend their positions and reach the goal of dissonance reduction. Cognitive dissonance theory insists that dissonance is a psychological state of tension that people are motivated to reduce `{{harv|Festinger|1957}}`{=mediawiki}. Dissonance causes feelings of unhappiness, discomfort, or distress. `{{harvtxt|Festinger|1957|p=13}}`{=mediawiki} asserted the following: \"These two elements are in a dissonant relation if, considering these two alone, the obverse of one element would follow from the other.\" To reduce dissonance, people add consonant cognition or change evaluations for one or both conditions in order to make them more consistent mentally. Such experience of psychological discomfort was found to drive individuals to avoid counterattitudinal information as a dissonance-reduction strategy.
In Festinger\'s theory, there are two basic hypotheses:
1\) The existence of dissonance, being psychologically uncomfortable, will motivate the person to try to reduce the dissonance and achieve consonance.
2\) When dissonance is present, in addition to trying to reduce it, the person will actively avoid situations and information which would likely increase the dissonance `{{harv|Festinger|1957|p=3}}`{=mediawiki}.
The theory of cognitive dissonance was developed in the mid-1950s to explain why people of strong convictions are so resistant in changing their beliefs even in the face of undeniable contradictory evidence. It occurs when people feel an attachment to and responsibility for a decision, position or behavior. It increases the motivation to justify their positions through selective exposure to confirmatory information (Fischer, 2011). Fischer suggested that people have an inner need to ensure that their beliefs and behaviors are consistent. In an experiment that employed commitment manipulations, it impacted perceived decision certainty. Participants were free to choose attitude-consistent and inconsistent information to write an essay. Those who wrote an attitude-consistent essay showed higher levels of confirmatory information search (Fischer, 2011). The levels and magnitude of dissonance also play a role. Selective exposure to consistent information is likely under certain levels of dissonance. At high levels, a person is expected to seek out information that increases dissonance because the best strategy to reduce dissonance would be to alter one\'s attitude or decision (Smith et al., 2008).
Subsequent research on selective exposure within the dissonance theory produced weak empirical support until the dissonance theory was revised and new methods, more conducive to measuring selective exposure, were implemented. To date, scholars still argue that empirical results supporting the selective exposure hypothesis are still mixed. This is possibly due to the problems with the methods of the experimental studies conducted. Another possible reason for the mixed results may be the failure to simulate an authentic media environment in the experiments.
According to Festinger, the motivation to seek or avoid information depends on the magnitude of dissonance experienced (Smith et al., 2008). It is observed that there is a tendency for people to seek new information or select information that supports their beliefs in order to reduce dissonance. There exist three possibilities which will affect extent of dissonance `{{harv|Festinger|1957|pp=127–131}}`{=mediawiki}:
- Relative absence of dissonance.
When little or no dissonance exists, there is little or no motivation to seek new information. For example, when there is an absence of dissonance, the lack of motivation to attend or avoid a lecture on \'The Advantages of Automobiles with Very High Horsepower Engines\' will be independent of whether the car a new owner has recently purchased has a high or low horsepower engine. However, it is important to note the difference between a situation when there is no dissonance and when the information has no relevance to the present or future behavior. For the latter, accidental exposure, which the new car owner does not avoid, will not introduce any dissonance; while for the former individual, who also does not avoid information, dissonance may be accidentally introduced.
- The presence of moderate amounts of dissonance.
The existence of dissonance and consequent pressure to reduce it will lead to an active search of information, which will then lead people to avoid information that will increase dissonance. However, when faced with a potential source of information, there will be an ambiguous cognition to which a subject will react in terms of individual expectations about it. If the subject expects the cognition to increase dissonance, they will avoid it. In the event that one\'s expectations are proven wrong, the attempt at dissonance reduction may result in increasing it instead. It may in turn lead to a situation of active avoidance.
- The presence of extremely large amounts of dissonance.
If two cognitive elements exist in a dissonant relationship, the magnitude of dissonance matches the resistance to change. If the dissonance becomes greater than the resistance to change, then the least resistant elements of cognition will be changed, reducing dissonance. When dissonance is close to the maximum limit, one may actively seek out and expose oneself to dissonance-increasing information. If an individual can increase dissonance to the point where it is greater than the resistance to change, he will change the cognitive elements involved, reducing or even eliminating dissonance. Once dissonance is increased sufficiently, an individual may bring himself to change, hence eliminating all dissonance `{{harv|Festinger|1957|pp=127–131}}`{=mediawiki}.
The reduction in cognitive dissonance following a decision can be achieved by selectively looking for decision-consonant information and avoiding contradictory information. The objective is to reduce the discrepancy between the cognitions, but the specification of which strategy will be chosen is not explicitly addressed by the dissonance theory. It will be dependent on the quantity and quality of the information available inside and outside the cognitive system.
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# Selective exposure theory
## Theories accounting for selective exposure {#theories_accounting_for_selective_exposure}
### Klapper\'s selective exposure {#klappers_selective_exposure}
In the early 1960s, Columbia University researcher Joseph T. Klapper asserted in his book *The Effects Of Mass Communication* that audiences were not passive targets of political and commercial propaganda from mass media but that mass media reinforces previously held convictions. Throughout the book, he argued that the media has a small amount of power to influence people and, most of the time, it just reinforces our preexisting attitudes and beliefs. He argued that the media effects of relaying or spreading new public messages or ideas were minimal because there is a wide variety of ways in which individuals filter such content. Due to this tendency, Klapper argued that media content must be able to ignite some type of cognitive activity in an individual in order to communicate its message. Prior to Klapper\'s research, the prevailing opinion was that mass media had a substantial power to sway individual opinion and that audiences were passive consumers of prevailing media propaganda. However, by the time of the release of *The Effects of Mass Communication*, many studies led to a conclusion that many specifically targeted messages were completely ineffective. Klapper\'s research showed that individuals gravitated towards media messages that bolstered previously held convictions that were set by peer groups, societal influences, and family structures and that the accession of these messages over time did not change when presented with more recent media influence. Klapper noted from the review of research in the social science that given the abundance of content within the mass media, audiences were selective to the types of programming that they consumed. Adults would patronize media that was appropriate for their demographics and children would eschew media that was boring to them. So individuals would either accept or reject a mass media message based upon internal filters that were innate to that person.
The following are Klapper\'s five mediating factors and conditions to affect people:
- Predispositions and the related processes of selective exposure, selective perception, and selective retention.
- The groups, and the norms of groups, to which the audience members belong.
- Interpersonal dissemination of the content of communication
- The exercise of opinion leadership
- The nature of mass media in a free enterprise society.
Three basic concepts:
- Selective exposure -- people keep away from communication of opposite hue.
- Selective perception -- If people are confronting unsympathetic material, they do not perceive it, or make it fit for their existing opinion.
- Selective retention -- refers to the process of categorizing and interpreting information in a way that favors one category or interpretation over another. Furthermore, they just simply forget the unsympathetic material.
Groups and group norms work as mediators. For example, one can be strongly disinclined to change to the Democratic Party if their family has voted Republican for a long time. In this case, the person\'s predisposition to the political party is already set, so they don\'t perceive information about Democratic Party or change voting behavior because of mass communication. Klapper\'s third assumption is inter-personal dissemination of mass communication. If someone is already exposed by close friends, which creates predisposition toward something, it will lead to an increase in exposure to mass communication and eventually reinforce the existing opinion. An opinion leader is also a crucial factor to form one\'s predisposition and can lead someone to be exposed by mass communication. The nature of commercial mass media also leads people to select certain types of media contents.
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# Selective exposure theory
## Theories accounting for selective exposure {#theories_accounting_for_selective_exposure}
### Cognitive economy model {#cognitive_economy_model}
This new model combines the motivational and cognitive processes of selective exposure. In the past, selective exposure had been studied from a motivational standpoint. For instance, the reason behind the existence of selective exposure was that people felt motivated to decrease the level of dissonance they felt while encountering inconsistent information. They also felt motivated to defend their decisions and positions, so they achieved this goal by exposing themselves to consistent information only. However, the new cognitive economy model not only takes into account the motivational aspects, but it also focuses on the cognitive processes of each individual. For instance, this model proposes that people cannot evaluate the quality of inconsistent information objectively and fairly because they tend to store more of the consistent information and use this as their reference point. Thus, inconsistent information is often observed with a more critical eye in comparison to consistent information. According to this model, the levels of selective exposure experienced during the decision-making process are also dependent on how much cognitive energy people are willing to invest. Just as people tend to be careful with their finances, cognitive energy or how much time they are willing to spend evaluating all the evidence for their decisions works the same way. People are hesitant to use this energy; they tend to be careful so they don\'t waste it. Thus, this model suggests that selective exposure does not happen in separate stages. Rather, it is a combined process of the individuals\' certain acts of motivations and their management of the cognitive energy.
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# Selective exposure theory
## Implications
### Media
Recent studies have shown relevant empirical evidence for the pervasive influence of selective exposure on the greater population at large due to mass media. Researchers have found that individual media consumers will seek out programs to suit their individual emotional and cognitive needs. Individuals will seek out palliative forms of media during the recent times of economic crisis to fulfill a \"strong surveillance need\" and to decrease chronic dissatisfaction with life circumstances as well as fulfill needs for companionship. Consumers tend to select media content that exposes and confirms their own ideas while avoiding information that argues against their opinion. A study conducted in 2012 has shown that this type of selective exposure affects pornography consumption as well. Individuals with low levels of life satisfaction are more likely to have casual sex after consumption of pornography that is congruent with their attitudes while disregarding content that challenges their inherently permissive \'no strings attached\' attitudes.
Music selection is also affected by selective exposure. A 2014 study conducted by Christa L. Taylor and Ronald S. Friedman at the SUNY University at Albany, found that mood congruence was effected by self-regulation of music mood choices. Subjects in the study chose happy music when feeling angry or neutral but listened to sad music when they themselves were sad. The choice of sad music given a sad mood was due less to mood-mirroring but as a result of subjects having an aversion to listening to happy music that was cognitively dissonant with their mood.
Politics are more likely to inspire selective exposure among consumers as opposed to single exposure decisions. For example, in their 2009 meta-analysis of Selective Exposure Theory, Hart et al. reported that \"A 2004 survey by The Pew Research Center for the People & the Press (2006) found that Republicans are about 1.5 times more likely to report watching Fox News regularly than are Democrats (34% for Republicans and 20% of Democrats). In contrast, Democrats are 1.5 times more likely to report watching CNN regularly than Republicans (28% of Democrats vs. 19% of Republicans). Even more striking, Republicans are approximately five times more likely than Democrats to report watching \"The O\'Reilly Factor\" regularly and are seven times more likely to report listening to \"Rush Limbaugh\" regularly.\" As a result, when the opinions of Republicans who only tune into conservative media outlets were compared to those of their fellow conservatives in a study by Stroud (2010), their beliefs were considered to be more polarized. The same result was retrieved from the study of liberals as well. Due to our greater tendency toward selective exposure, current political campaigns have been characterized as being extremely partisan and polarized. As Bennett and Iyengar (2008) commented, \"The new, more diversified information environment makes it not only more feasible for consumers to seek out news they might find agreeable but also provides a strong economic incentive for news organizations to cater to their viewers\' political preferences.\" Selective exposure thus plays a role in shaping and reinforcing individuals\' political attitudes. In the context of these findings, Stroud (2008) comments \"The findings presented here should at least raise the eyebrows of those concerned with the noncommercial role of the press in our democratic system, with its role in providing the public with the tools to be good citizens.\" The role of public broadcasting, through its noncommercial role, is to counterbalance media outlets that deliberately devote their coverage to one political direction, thus driving selective exposure and political division in a democracy.
Many academic studies on selective exposure, however, are based on the electoral system and media system of the United States. Countries with a strong public service broadcasting like many European countries, on the other hand, have less selective exposure based on political ideology or political party. In Sweden, for instance, there were no differences in selective exposure to public service news between the political left and right over a period of 30 years.
In early research, selective exposure originally provided an explanation for limited media effects. The \"limited effects\" model of communication emerged in the 1940s with a shift in the media effects paradigm. This shift suggested that while the media has effects on consumers\' behavior such as their voting behavior, these effects are limited and influenced indirectly by interpersonal discussions and the influence of opinion leaders. Selective exposure was considered one necessary function in the early studies of media\'s limited power over citizens\' attitudes and behaviors. Political ads deal with selective exposure as well because people are more likely to favor a politician that agrees with their own beliefs. Another significant effect of selective exposure comes from Stroud (2010) who analyzed the relationship between partisan selective exposure and political polarization. Using data from the 2004 National Annenberg Election Survey, analysts found that over time partisan selective exposure leads to polarization. This process is plausible because people can easily create or have access to blogs, websites, chats, and online forums where those with similar views and political ideologies can congregate. Much of the research has also shown that political interaction online tends to be polarized. Further evidence for this polarization in the political blogosphere can be found in the Lawrence et al. (2010)\'s study on blog readership that people tend to read blogs that reinforce rather than challenge their political beliefs. According to Cass Sunstein\'s book, *Republic.com*, the presence of selective exposure on the web creates an environment that breeds political polarization and extremism. Due to easy access to social media and other online resources, people are \"likely to hold even stronger views than the ones they started with, and when these views are problematic, they are likely to manifest increasing hatred toward those espousing contrary beliefs.\" This illustrates how selective exposure can influence an individual\'s political beliefs and subsequently his participation in the political system.
One of the major academic debates on the concept of selective exposure is whether selective exposure contributes to people\'s exposure to diverse viewpoints or polarization. Scheufele and Nisbet (2012) discuss the effects of encountering disagreement on democratic citizenship. Ideally, true civil deliberation among citizens would be the rational exchange of non-like-minded views (or disagreement). However, many of us tend to avoid disagreement on a regular basis because we do not like to confront with others who hold views that are strongly opposed to our own. In this sense, the authors question about whether exposure to non-like-minded information brings either positive or negative effects on democratic citizenship. While there are mixed findings of peoples\' willingness to participate in the political processes when they encounter disagreement, the authors argue that the issue of selectivity needs to be further examined in order to understand whether there is a truly deliberative discourse in online media environment
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# Wallace Huo
use both this parameter and \|birth_date to display the person\'s date of birth, date of death, and age at death) \--\> \| death_place = \| death_cause = \| body_discovered = \| resting_place = \| resting_place_coordinates = \| burial_place = \| burial_coordinates = \| monuments = \| nationality = Taiwanese \| other_names = \| citizenship = \| alma_mater = Nan Chiang Industrial and Commercial Senior High School \| occupation = `{{flatlist|
*Actor
*Singer
*[[Television producer|Producer]]
}}`{=mediawiki} \| years_active = 2002--present \| agent = Chun Chieh Lien (2011--present) (Huajae Studio (founder)) \| spouse = `{{marriage|[[Ruby Lin]]|31 July 2016}}`{=mediawiki} \| children = 1 \| height = `{{height|m=1.77|precision=0}}`{=mediawiki} \| module = `{{Infobox Chinese|child=yes
| t = 霍建華
| s = 霍建华
|poj=Hok Kiàn-hôa
| p = Huò Jiànhuá
| w = {{tonesup|Huo4 Chien4-hwa2}}
}}`{=mediawiki} }} **Wallace Huo Chien-hwa** (`{{zh|c=霍建華|poj=Hok Kiàn-hôa}}`{=mediawiki}, born 26 December 1979) is a Taiwanese actor and singer. After gaining popularity for the Taiwanese idol drama *At Dolphin Bay* (2003), he shifted his career to mainland China and became known for his roles in *Chinese Paladin 3* (2009), *Swordsman* (2013), *Battle of Changsha* (2014), *The Journey of Flower* (2015), *Love Me If You Dare* (2015) and *Ruyi\'s Royal Love in the Palace* (2018).
Huo ranked 82nd on *Forbes* China Celebrity 100 list in 2014, 48th in 2015, 22nd in 2017, and 66th in 2019.
## Early life {#early_life}
Huo was born in Taipei, Taiwan on 26 December 1979 to Liu Yu and Huo Chao-Ku. He has one brother, Huo Chien-yuan. His family originated from Shandong; his parents were natives of Longkou and Tianjin respectively. His grandfather was a follower of Sun Yat-sen and in October 1949, his family moved to Taiwan. Both his parents worked in the court system and his brother is a police officer. His parents divorced when he was young.
Huo once aspired to be a basketball player but then turned to singing in his early teenage days. With the goal of becoming a singer, Huo joined the entertainment business at the age of 17, as the assistant of Taiwanese TV host Sam Tseng.
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# Wallace Huo
## Career
### 2002--2004: Beginnings in Taiwan {#beginnings_in_taiwan}
After starring in *Star* (2002), Huo rose to fame for the idol drama *At Dolphin Bay* (2003), which achieved a peak rating of 5.11 and became the most popular idol drama of the year. He was then in great demand and was cast in seven idol dramas at the same year (a record yet to be broken).
In 2004, Huo released his first ever solo album *Start*. Owing to his inability to cope with the promotion tour of the album, he decided to focus on acting thereafter.
### 2005--2014: Rising popularity in China {#rising_popularity_in_china}
In 2005, Huo starred in his first wuxia drama *The Royal Swordsmen* directed by Wong Jing. His melancholic portrayal of Guihai Yidao received rave reviews from fans and audiences. It proved to be an important turning point of his career, as it introduced him to mainland audiences. The same year, Huo made his big screen debut in the movie *Hands in the Hair* alongside actress Rosamund Kwan.
Huo then took the leading role in various dramas, including *Sound of Colors* alongside actress Ruby Lin, *Romance of Red Dust* opposite Shu Qi, and *Emerald on the Roof* with Sun Li. Huo expressed that his role in *Emerald on the Roof* had taught him how to act, and has a deep impact on him. Huo also starred in kungfu comedy *Love at First Fight*, taking on an eccentric and crazy role. His exaggerated expressions and comedic acting showed his ability to take on different roles.
In 2009, Huo rose to mainstream popularity with the hit xianxia drama *Chinese Paladin 3*, an adaptation from the video game of the same title. In 2011, Huo starred in period action drama *The Vigilantes in Masks* with Cecilia Liu; and historical drama *The Glamorous Imperial Concubine* wherein he played a cold and detached Emperor. Due to the success of the dramas, Huo was awarded Most Influential Actor at the 2011 Youku Television Awards.
In 2012, Huo starred in the medical drama *Inspire the Life*. In 2013, he starred in *Lord of Legal Advisors*, a mystery series in the Ming dynasty, and *Swordsman*, a wuxia series based on Jin Yong's classic novel of the same Chinese title. In 2014, Huo starred in *Perfect Couple*, written by Tong Hua. The project was Huo\'s first attempt at producing a drama series after the establishment of his own company Huajae Studio, and reunited him with *Chinese Paladin 3* co-star Tiffany Tang. Huo won the Most Popular Actor in the ancient drama genre at the 2014 China Student Television Festival for the drama. Huo then starred in *Battle of Changsha*. *Battle of Changsha* was a critical success, as one of the highest rated dramas on Douban.
### 2015--2017: Career peak {#career_peak}
In 2015, Huo starred in xianxia drama *The Journey of Flower* with Zanilia Zhao. The drama was a huge success in China, achieving a peak rating of 3.89. It is also the first Chinese drama to surpass 20 billion online views. The success of *The Journey of Flower* brought Huo\'s career to a new high. He then starred in crime thriller *Love Me If You Dare*, which received positive reviews and an international following. Due to his success, Huo was chosen by *China Newsweek* as Artist of the Year. He was distinguished as one of the Most Influential People in China for 2015, a remarkable distinction since he is the only recipient of this award in the field of Performing Arts.
In 2016, Huo starred in historical medical drama *The Imperial Doctress*, portraying Zhu Qizhen. It was one of the highest rated dramas that year, and Huo was awarded Most Popular Actor and Most Marketable Artist for his performance in *The Imperial Doctress* as well as *Love Me If You Dare* at the 1st China Television Drama Quality Ceremony. He next starred in the crime thriller *Inside or Outside* alongside Korean actor Jang Hyuk and Hong Kong star Simon Yam, as well as romantic comedy film *Suddenly Seventeen* and suspense thriller *Hide and Seek*.
In 2017, Huo starred in the science fiction suspense film *Reset*, produced by Jackie Chan and directed by Korean director, Chang; and war film *Our Time Will Come*, directed by award-winning director Ann Hui. In 2018, Huo returned to the small screen in the palace drama *Ruyi\'s Royal Love in the Palace* playing the role of Qianlong Emperor. In 2019, Huo starred in the period epic drama *The Great Craftsman*, reuniting with his *Chinese Paladin 3* and *Reset* co-star Yang Mi. The same year, he starred in the romance drama film *Somewhere Winter* written by Rao Xueman.
### 2018--present: Hiatus and partial comeback {#present_hiatus_and_partial_comeback}
In September 2018, Huo announced the closure of Huajie Studio's Weibo and Facebook accounts, which had been managed by his co-founder and manager, Lian Junjie, effectively shutting down Huo\'s only social media presence amid an acrimonious breakup with Lian. Since then, Huo has largely retired to family life in Taiwan. In December 2020, Huo shut down another production company under his name in Hengdian. In 2021, he had a cameo in *Light the Light*, a Taiwanese drama produced by his wife, Ruby Lin. Huo returned to acting in 2024 with the Chinese drama *The Tale of Rose.*
## Personal life {#personal_life}
On 20 May 2016, Huo confirmed his relationship with actress Ruby Lin, his co-star in *Sound of Colors* (2006) and *The Glamorous Imperial Concubine* (2011). They were married in Bali on 31 July 2016, and held another wedding reception in Taipei on 2 August 2016. Their daughter was born in January 2017
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# Sammy Luftspring
**Sammy Luftspring** (May 14, 1916 -- September 27, 2000) was a Jewish Canadian boxer. A former Canadian Welterweight Champion and highly ranked in the Welterweight class during his career, Luftspring was forced to retire from the sport due to an eye injury. He was inducted into Canada\'s Sports Hall of Fame in 1985, and the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame in 1996.
## Early career {#early_career}
Luftspring was born in May 1916 to Jewish parents of Polish descent and raised in St. John\'s Ward, a low class residential area of Toronto that was home to both Jewish and Italian immigrants. His father attempted to make a living as a bootlegger prior to prohibition, and the family struggled to raise six children under difficult circumstances. Luftspring began his boxing career in 1932 out of Brunswick Talmud Torah, a local Toronto Jewish community and recreational centre. Throughout his career, he wore a Magen David on his trunks. Over the next four years, he fought 105 times (attaining a record of 100--5) and captured Golden Gloves Tournaments in various weight classes ranging from bantamweight to welterweight.
By 1933, he was the Ontario amateur lightweight champion and regarded as one of the best amateur boxing talents.
In 1933, he was involved in the infamous Toronto Christie Pits riot. A wild street brawl first broke out at Christie Pits Park following tensions that occurred during a series of amateur softball games between two rival teams. The riot continued for six hours, and eventually attracted 10,000 locals, mostly spectators. The initial antagonists were a group of young Jewish and Italian men on a local team who started a fight when a Gang unfurled a Swastika, a symbol that had been displayed the previous day and on other occasions by the local Swastika Club, a group of Canadian Nazi sympathizers.
## 1936 Berlin Olympics boycott {#berlin_olympics_boycott}
thumb\|left\|upright=.60\|Luftspring in 1937 Luftspring was named to Canada\'s Olympic team for the 1936 Berlin Olympics. At the encouragement of his parents, he refused to attend the Games in protest over the poor treatment Jews were receiving in Nazi Germany. He made his views on the subject public in a letter to the *Toronto Globe*. In the letter, he protested that \"the German government was treating its Jewish brothers and sisters worse than dogs\". He even went as far as to say that \"the German government would exterminate Jews if they had the opportunity\".
Luftspring and another boxer, Norman \"Baby\" Yack, attempted to participate in an alternate event being hosted that summer, the People\'s Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. The Spanish Civil War broke out prior to the Games\' opening ceremonies. The event caused the cancellation of the People\'s Olympics. By the time Luftspring found out about the cancellation, he had already reached Dieppe, France.
Luftspring, disappointed at not having a chance to compete, returned to Toronto.
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# Sammy Luftspring
## Professional career {#professional_career}
Luftspring began to box professionally in the fall of 1936. A year later, he fought Gordon Wallace for the Canadian welterweight championship. He lost to Wallace in a 10-round decision at Toronto\'s Maple Leaf Gardens.
He married his wife Elsie in 1938 at Toronto\'s McCaul Street synagogue.
### Canadian Welterweight Champion {#canadian_welterweight_champion}
In 1938, Luftspring knocked out Frank Genovese before a Toronto crowd of 10,000 in the 13th of 15 rounds to win the Canadian welterweight championship. Genovese was down at least three times in the final rounds for counts of 9. The fight was his first in Canada under the management of French-American Al Weill, who had managed the exceptional welterweight Lou Ambers. Genovese and Luftspring\'s rivalry was extremely competitive and one of the dominant story lines of Toronto boxing in the late 1930s.
That same year, he was ranked as the third best welterweight boxer in the world. He was subsequently offered a chance to fight world champion Henry Armstrong in 1940.
Luftspring lost to Greek American boxer Steve Makamos, a Middleweight contender, on February 14, 1940, in a ten-round split decision in Toronto. Makamos led in the early fighting, and a late rally by Luftspring in the closing rounds was not enough to gain the decision.
In a fight at New York\'s Bronx Colliseum on May 27, 1940, against Steve Belloise, Luftspring received an eye injury in the fourth round from a looping right punch that unintentionally caught his left eye with the thumb of the glove. The medical diagnosis was a detached retina, an inoperable condition, that resulted in nearly complete loss of vision. The fight was intended to be a tune up for a potential championship bout against Armstrong. The injury forced Luftspring to quit boxing and ended his contention for the world welterweight title.
Details of his career record are unclear. Different reports have him winning 50 of either 55 or 56 pro bouts. More detailed records list him as 32--8 with 14 knockouts.
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# Sammy Luftspring
## Life after boxing {#life_after_boxing}
Luftspring struggled to establish himself immediately after boxing. He became a taxicab driver and then a representative for a liquor company.
He began refereeing on occasion at the end of his boxing career, and within five years finally established himself as a respected Toronto referee who would eventually oversee 2,000 bouts. Some of the prominent and memorable fights he refereed between 1941 and 1984 include:
- September 15, 1958 -- The Canadian heavyweight title match between George Chuvalo and James J. Parker at Maple Leaf Gardens.
- October 1, 1965 -- The WBA heavyweight title match between George Chuvalo and Ernie Terrell at Maple Leaf Gardens.
- January 27, 1970 -- A bout between Humberto Trottman and Clyde Gray at Royal York Hotel in which an upset Trottman, thinking Luftspring was interfering with his style, took a swing at him. Luftspring responded with a bare-knuckle left hook off the side of Trottman\'s head, forcing Trottman\'s manager to race into the ring and intervene.
Nearing the end of his prolific refereeing career around 1981, he began work as a boxing judge though 1991, judging nearly 100 bouts.
Luftspring, along with three partners, Harry Eckler of the baseball hall of fame, Joe Krol of the football hall of fame and their friend Lou Cadsby, opened the Mercury Club in 1948, a dining establishment on Dundas Street, near Bay Street, in Toronto. It was a successful club, which featured popular performers such as Henny Youngman, Vic Damone and Tony Bennett. Luftspring helped to host and operate the club, which had its peak years in the 1950s and 1960s, while simultaneously working as a referee. He subsequently ran other nightclubs such as the Tropicana.
After a lengthy illness, Luftspring died at Toronto East General hospital on September 27, 2000. He was buried at the Interment Slipia Synagogue Section of Dawes Road Cemetery in Toronto.
## Career highlights {#career_highlights}
- 1933 -- Ontario Amateur Lightweight Boxing Champion
- 1936 -- Named to the Canadian Olympic Boxing Team (Elected not to compete)
- 1938 -- Canadian Welterweight Boxing Champion
- 1985 -- Inducted into Canada\'s Sports Hall of Fame
## Selected fights {#selected_fights}
\|- \| align=\"center\" colspan=8\|**4 Wins**, **3 Losses** \|- \| align=\"center\" style=\"border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3\"\|**Result** \| align=\"center\" style=\"border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3\"\|**Opponent(s)** \| align=\"center\" style=\"border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3\"\|**Date** \| align=\"center\" style=\"border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3\"\|**Location** \| align=\"center\" style=\"border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3\"\|**Duration** \| align=\"center\" style=\"border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3\"\|**Notes** \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| Frankie Genovese \| Jan 5, 1937 \| Toronto \| 10 Round TKO \| \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| Johnny Jadick \| Feb 3, 1937 \| Toronto \| 8 Round UD \| Former Jr. Welter Champ \|- \| `{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \| Gordon Wallace \| Apr 2, 1937 \| Toronto \| 10 Rounds \| For Canad. Welter Title \|- \| `{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \| Frankie Genovese \| Apr 30, 1937 \| Toronto \| 10 Rounds \| Non-title \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| Frankie Genovese \| Oct 3, 1938 \| Toronto \| 13 Round TKO \| **Won Canad. Welter Title** \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| Steve Makamos \| Feb 19, 1940 \| Toronto \| 10 Rounds SD \| \|- \| `{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \| Steve Belloise \| May 27, 1940 \| Bronx, NY \| 8 Rounds \| Eye injury ended career `{{S-end}}`{=mediawiki}
## Autobiography
- ***Call Me Sammy*** -- Sammy Luftspring with Brian Swarbrick, Prentice-Hall Canada Ltd
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# Chondu the Mystic
**Chondu the Mystic**, sometimes known as **Chondu the Magician**, is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.
## Publication history {#publication_history}
Chondu the Mystic first appeared in *Tales of Suspense* #9 and was created by Doug Wildey and George Evans while his monstrous form was created by Steve Gerber and Sal Buscema. His name likely derives from Chandu the Magician, a radio drama character who also served as an inspiration for Marvel\'s Dr. Strange.
## Fictional character biography {#fictional_character_biography}
Chondu had previously worked in a sideshow as a magician before beginning a career as a criminal. In his first appearance, he lectured on yoga and sent an escaped convict to Limbo.
Chondu later joins the Headmen. Arthur Nagan transplants Chondu\'s brain into Nighthawk\'s body as part of an attempt to use the Defenders. Doctor Strange defeats him in a fight and mystically traps Chondu\'s consciousness in a fawn\'s body. Meanwhile, Nagan and Ruby Thursday transform Chondu into a chimeric monster with an artificial brain. Chondu attempts to kidnap a construction worker to use in a brain transplant, but encounters Valkyrie and is arrested.
The Headmen later hire Mysterio to capture the She-Hulk, and place Chondu\'s head on a clone of her body, which he does not appreciate. She-Hulk and Spider-Man battle the Headmen and decapitate Chondu, but he survives due to life-support equipment attached to his head.
In *All-New, All-Different Marvel*, Chondu appears as a bartender at the **Bar with no Doors**, a tavern frequented by various mystics.
## Powers and abilities {#powers_and_abilities}
Chondu can perform intermediate magic as he is skilled in the mystic arts. In his monster form, he has immense physical attributes, winged flight, the ability to constrict people or objects with his tentacle-like arms, and razor-sharp weapons
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# Catherine Bateson
**Catherine Bateson** (born 1960 in Sydney) is an Australian writer.
## Career
Born in Sydney in 1960, Bateson grew up in a second-hand bookshop in Brisbane. She attained a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Queensland, with a major in art history.
Her first published novel was *Painted Love Letters*, a portrait of a family coping with death. She has published two volumes of poetry, and three verse novels for young adults using a variety of poetic forms including haiku, free verse, free renga and acrostic.
Bateson has taught creative writing for the past thirteen years, and has been a guest writer at many schools. Her work has been read on radio and featured on television. She has also appeared at various poetry and writers festivals throughout Australia. She coordinated La Mama Poetica at La Mama Theatre in Melbourne.
Bateson is the mother of two children, Alasdair, born in 1991 and Helen, born 1992.
She currently teaches creative writing at GippsTafe, Victoria and lives in the Dandenong Ranges, Victoria.
## Awards and nominations {#awards_and_nominations}
\"This is the Poem\"
: John Shaw Neilson Award for poetry.
: 2006 Faw Mary Grant Bruce Short Story Award For Children\'s Literature
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
2003 -- *Rain May and Captain Daniel*
: winner of the Children\'s Book Council of Australia Book of the Year Award, younger readers
: shortlisted for New South Wales Premier\'s Literary Awards, Patricia Wrighton Prize for Children\'s Literature
: Queensland Premier\'s Literary Awards, Children\'s Book Award
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
2003 -- *Painted Love Letters*
: CBCA Honour Book recognition
: winner 2003 Australian Family Therapists\' Award for Children\'s Literature
: 2003 shortlisted for the New South Wales Premier\'s Literary Awards, Ethel Turner Prize for young people\'s literature
: Children\'s Book Council of Australia Awards (2003) Honour Book, older readers
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# Behavioral neurology
**Behavioral neurology** is a subspecialty of neurology that studies the impact of neurological damage and disease upon behavior, memory, and cognition, and the treatment thereof. Two fields associated with behavioral neurology are neuropsychiatry and neuropsychology. In the United States, \'Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry\' has been recognized as a single subspecialty by the United Council for Neurologic Subspecialties (UCNS) since 2004.
Syndromes and diseases commonly studied by behavioral neurology include:
- Agraphia
- Agnosias
- Agraphesthesia
- Alexia (acquired dyslexia)
- Amnesias
- Anosognosia
- Aphasias
- Apraxias
- Aprosodias
- Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
- Autism
- Dementia
- Dyslexia
- Epilepsy
- Hemispatial Neglect
- Psychosis
- Stroke
- Traumatic brain injury
## History
While descriptions of behavioral syndromes go back to the ancient Greeks and Egyptians, it was during the 19th century that behavioral neurology began to arise, first with the primitive localization theories of Franz Gall, followed in the mid 19th century by the first localizations in aphasias by Paul Broca and then Carl Wernicke. Localizationist neurology and clinical descriptions reached a peak in the late 19th and early 20th century, with work extending into the clinical descriptions of dementias by Alois Alzheimer and Arnold Pick. The work of Karl Lashley in rats for a time in the early to mid 20th century put a damper on localization theory and lesion models of behavioral function.
In the United States, the work of Norman Geschwind led to a renaissance of behavioral neurology. He is famous for his work on disconnection syndromes, aphasia, and behavioral syndromes of limbic epilepsy, also called Geschwind syndrome. Having trained generations of behavioral neurologists (e.g., Antonio Damasio), Geschwind is considered the father of behavioral neurology.
The advent of in vivo neuroimaging starting in the 1980s led to a further strengthening of interest in the cognitive neurosciences and provided a tool that allowed for lesion, structural, and functional correlations with behavioral dysfunction in living people
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# The Early Show (album)
***The Early Show*** is a live album by jazz saxophonist Art Pepper. It was recorded on February 12, 1952 at the Surf Club in Hollywood, Los Angeles. Xanadu Records released the album in 1976 (Xanadu 108).
*The Early Show* and *The Late Show* (Xanadu 117) were both recorded the same night at the Surf Club. They represent the earliest recordings with Pepper as leader (Vantage Records has released recordings made in January 1952 at the Lighthouse Café, credited to Pepper, although Shorty Rogers was the leader).
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"How High the Moon\"
2. \"Suzy the Poodle\"
3. \"Easy Steppin\'\"
4. \"Tickle Toe\"
5. \"Patty Cake\"
6. \"Move\"
7. \"All the Things You Are\"
8. \"Don\'t Blame Me\"
9. \"Surf Ride\"
10. \"Rose Room\"
11. \"Suzy the Poodle (alternate take)\"
## Personnel
Recorded on February 12, 1952
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# Rainier, Margrave of Tuscany
**Ranieri of Tuscany** (died c. 1027), a member of the Bourbon del Monte Santa Maria family, was the Margrave of Tuscany from around 1014 until his death. He is also believed to have held the titles of Duke of Spoleto and Camerino.
## Early life and ancestry {#early_life_and_ancestry}
Ranieri\'s legendary origin as one of the sons of Count Arduino and Countess Willa di Ugo or Gisla`{{Explanation needed|reason=See talk page|date=July 2024}}`{=mediawiki} is in conflict with historical records. This is because Ranieri was already governing Tuscany when the marriage between Willa and Arduino took place.
In reality, Ranieri was born in the 10th century to Count Guido Ripuario. However, it is unclear whether this Count Guido was the son of Count Teudegrimo, who had a close relationship with King Hugh around 927 and became the ancestor of the Guidi counts, or if he belonged to the Alberti counts of Panico and Vernio, both of Ripuarian origin and law. Most sources suggest that Ranieri\'s father, Count Guido, was the son of Margrave Ugo, who founded the Abbey of Santa Maria in Petroio in 960, located in the territory of Perugia.
It is historically confirmed that Ranieri was the brother of Elemperto or Alimberto, the Bishop of Arezzo. It is possible that one of his ancestors was Suppone (V?) from the Supponid lineage.
## Governance of Tuscany {#governance_of_tuscany}
After Margrave Bonifacio III died, Ranieri took control of Tuscany and possibly also gained authority over Camerino and Spoleto. In 1014, a decree mentioned in *Cronica di Farfa* was signed by both Margrave and Duke Ranieri in the tower of Corneto (now Tarquinia), confirming his rule over the March and the ducal territories of Spoleto. Another decree held in Corneto that same year was overseen by a *gastaldo* (a magistrate) appointed by Duke and Margrave Ranieri, in support of Abbot Winizzone of Abbadia San Salvatore regarding properties owned by the abbey near the Marta River. These events indicate that Ranieri governed the region as its lord.
In 1015, a document found in the Florentine Diplomatic Archive reveals that Margrave Ranieri, son of Count Guido, made a donation to the Amiatine Abbey, which confirmed his marriage to Countess Waldrada, daughter of Guglielmo, and the birth of their son Ranieri. During the same year, Ranieri returned several properties to the monks of the Marturi Abbey, which had been seized by his predecessor. However, it is believed that he retained some of the properties for himself, according to the *Camaldolese Annals*. Additional decrees in 1015 and 1016, respectively issued from Stazzano above Pistoia and Arezzo, demonstrate Ranieri\'s active involvement in supporting various abbeys and religious institutions.
## Later years and legacy {#later_years_and_legacy}
Between 1019 and 1026, there is no historical mention of Ranieri Bourbon del Monte Santa Maria ruling over Tuscany, nor are there any records of his son Ranieri. It is possible that the younger Ranieri, who would have succeeded his father, died at a young age. However, in archival records from 1026 to 1027, the name Ranieri reappears. During this period, he fortified himself in Lucca with the intention of obstructing Conrad II\'s path to Rome for his imperial coronation. These hostile actions against the new sovereign may have led to Ranieri\'s downfall and the loss of his control over Tuscany. After 1026, there are no public records mentioning Margrave Ranieri del Monte Santa Maria.
From 1028 onwards, historical accounts mention another Margrave and Duke of Tuscany named Bonifacio, who followed Lombard law. He was the father of the renowned Countess Matilda. It is possible that the unfortunate events involving Ranieri prompted Peter Damian to write a critical letter to Willa. Willa had married a nephew of Margrave Ranieri, and Damian described their marriage as doomed despite its apparent wealth and prestige.
Margrave Ranieri I is recorded as deceased in 1030, as stated in a document dated October 19 of that year. This document also mentions his urban possessions in Arezzo. Additionally, a deed from December 1031 refers to certain properties near Arezzo that belonged to Ranieri, the son of Count Guido, who held the title of Margrave
| 686 |
Rainier, Margrave of Tuscany
| 0 |
11,015,100 |
# Stewart Patridge
**Stewart Patridge** (born December 6, 1974) is a former American football quarterback best known as the leader of the University of Mississippi Rebels from 1995 to 1997. He won the 1997 Conerly Trophy as the best college football player in the state.
## Early life {#early_life}
Patridge, a native of Morgan City, Mississippi, attended Pillow Academy, earning three letters in football, baseball and basketball. While an honor roll student at Pillow Academy, Patridge was named All-Conference his junior and senior years, Area Athlete of the Year and team Most Valuable Player his junior and senior years.
## College career {#college_career}
After graduating from high school in 1993, Patridge attended Mississippi Delta Community College, where, as a freshman, he helped lead the football team to a 12-0 record and a national Junior College Championship. [1](https://web.archive.org/web/20070927143359/http://www.umiss.edu/news/dm/archives/97/9709/970930/970930S3patridge.HTML) Patridge played for only one year at Mississippi Delta Community College before transferring to the University of Mississippi in Oxford, Mississippi. He earned his first letter in 1996 by playing in 10 of the 11 games, Patridge became the No. 2 quarterback behind Paul Head, taking over in the final three games of the season; and during the 1996 season, Patridge completed 79 of 154 passes for 876 yards with three touchdowns and four interceptions, completing an individual game high of 17 passes for the win against Georgia.
Patridge received numerous awards while playing at the University of Mississippi including the 1997 Ole Miss Quarterback Club Player of the Year, Offensive Player of the Week, Southeastern Conference Player of the Week and was named as the ESPN National Player of the Week after the LSU game when he completed 27 of 43 passes for 346 yards and two touchdowns as the Rebels upset the No. 8 ranked Tigers, 36-21 in Baton Rouge. [2](https://web.archive.org/web/20070927143359/http://www.umiss.edu/news/dm/archives/97/9709/970930/970930S3patridge.HTML)
Patridge became the only quarterback in Ole Miss history to pass for over 200 yards in nine games in a single season. Patridge also holds the school record for 200 straight passes without an interception.
Patridge, having only started 14 games, ranks 6th for most passes completed, 7th for pass attempts and 7th for passing yards; and
Patridge led the Rebels to a post-season bowl appearance in the first Motor City Bowl. Patridge was named Most Valuable Player as he completed 29 of 47 passes for 332 yards and three touchdowns. [3](http://www.answers.com/topic/motor-city-bowl)
Patridge finished his career at Ole Miss completing 310 of 510 passes for 3,564 yards and 15 touchdowns, giving him a 60.6 completion percentage, which is the third all-time best in Rebel history and making him 8th in school history for total offense.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
In 1999, Patridge played for the Mississippi Pride in the Regional Football League, where he was named the all-RFL quarterback. Then, after the RFL folded, he went to the New England Sea Wolves, the Florida Bobcats and the Carolina Cobras in the Arena Football League from 2000 through 2003. [4](http://www.arenafan.com/players/?page=players&player=2513)
Patridge is currently`{{when|date=January 2019}}`{=mediawiki} living in Olive Branch, Mississippi
| 498 |
Stewart Patridge
| 0 |
11,015,101 |
# Lepperton
**Lepperton** is a small village in North Taranaki, New Zealand. It is approximately 6 km inland from Waitara township, 5 km west of the Waitara River, and 1 km east of State Highway 3A, which connects Inglewood to Waitara.
## Demographics
Lepperton is defined by Statistics New Zealand as a rural settlement and covers 1.26 km2 and had an estimated population of `{{NZ population data 2018|Lepperton|y}}`{=mediawiki} as of `{{NZ population data 2018|||y|y||,}}`{=mediawiki} with a population density of `{{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Lepperton|y}}|R}}/1.26|0}}`{=mediawiki} people per km^2^. Lepperton is part of the larger Lepperton-Brixton statistical area.
Before the 2023 census, the settlement had a larger boundary, covering 7.63 km2. Using that boundary, Lepperton had a population of 405 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 81 people (25.0%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 105 people (35.0%) since the 2006 census. There were 135 households, comprising 201 males and 201 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.0 males per female, with 114 people (28.1%) aged under 15 years, 51 (12.6%) aged 15 to 29, 195 (48.1%) aged 30 to 64, and 45 (11.1%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 91.1% European/Pākehā, 15.6% Māori, 2.2% Pacific peoples, 3.7% Asian, and 1.5% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
Although some people chose not to answer the census\'s question about religious affiliation, 58.5% had no religion, 29.6% were Christian, 0.7% were Buddhist and 0.7% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 42 (14.4%) people had a bachelor\'s or higher degree, and 54 (18.6%) people had no formal qualifications. 60 people (20.6%) earned over \$70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 177 (60.8%) people were employed full-time, 54 (18.6%) were part-time, and 0 (0.0%) were unemployed.
### Lepperton-Brixton {#lepperton_brixton}
Lepperton-Brixton statistical area covers 46.52 km2 and had an estimated population of `{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Lepperton-Brixton|y}}`{=mediawiki} as of `{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|||y|y||,}}`{=mediawiki} with a population density of `{{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Lepperton-Brixton|y}}|R}}/46.52|0}}`{=mediawiki} people per km^2^.
Lepperton-Brixton had a population of 1,725 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 201 people (13.2%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 429 people (33.1%) since the 2006 census. There were 615 households, comprising 879 males and 846 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.04 males per female. The median age was 40.8 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 402 people (23.3%) aged under 15 years, 216 (12.5%) aged 15 to 29, 870 (50.4%) aged 30 to 64, and 237 (13.7%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 89.6% European/Pākehā, 17.9% Māori, 1.6% Pacific peoples, 2.8% Asian, and 2.6% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 9.9, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census\'s question about religious affiliation, 53.6% had no religion, 35.7% were Christian, 0.2% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.7% were Muslim, 0.3% were Buddhist and 0.9% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 165 (12.5%) people had a bachelor\'s or higher degree, and 303 (22.9%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was \$35,600, compared with \$31,800 nationally. 261 people (19.7%) earned over \$70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 729 (55.1%) people were employed full-time, 243 (18.4%) were part-time, and 42 (3.2%) were unemployed.
## Kairoa Pa {#kairoa_pa}
Near Lepperton is Kairoa Pa, an historic centre for local Maori settlement. It is also an entry point for the Whakaahurangi track to Ketemarae Pa near Normanby. This track linked northern and southern Taranaki before British settlement.
| 610 |
Lepperton
| 0 |
11,015,101 |
# Lepperton
## Climate
## Education
Lepperton School is a coeducational contributing primary (years 1-6) school with a roll of `{{NZ school roll data|2182|y}}`{=mediawiki} students as of `{{NZ school roll data|||y|y||.}}`{=mediawiki} The school was founded in 1870
| 37 |
Lepperton
| 1 |
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