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# Otumoetai College
**Otumoetai College** is a state co-educational secondary school located in Tauranga, New Zealand. The school opened in February 1965 with 206 students from years 9 to 13 (ages 12 to 18) to serve the western suburbs of Tauranga. *Otumoetai* is claimed to stand for \"peaceful waters\" implied by the peaceful surroundings and estuary within the Otumoetai area.
In `{{NZ school roll data|||y}}`{=mediawiki}, Otumoetai College had a roll of `{{NZ school roll data|120|y}}`{=mediawiki} students, making it the largest school in the Bay of Plenty Region.
## History
At the turn of the 20th century, the land on which the school stands was farmed by a young Englishman named Mr Tollemache.
Otumoetai College opened in February 1965. Like many New Zealand secondary schools of the era, it was designed and constructed to the Nelson Two-Storey standard plan. The plan is distinguished by its two-storey H-shaped classroom blocks, with stairwells at each end of the block and a large ground floor toilet and cloak area on one side. The school has three of these blocks -- D, F and G blocks. G block (originally D block), was completed ready for the school opening in 1965; F block was completed in two stages in 1967 and 1968; and D block (originally G block) was completed in two stages in 1969 and 1973. In the early 2000s, the school modified the blocks from their original design by converting the toilet and cloak areas into additional classrooms, and moving the stairs outside the buildings and converting the original stairwells into storage.
Sinc then, Otumoetai College has undergone many changes in appearance, including the \"opening of the swimming pool complex, which was a joint venture with the Tauranga City Council\" in 1968 as well as the long-awaited completion of the library block in September 1968. 1977 was seen as a stressful year for Otumoetai College and especially Harold Webber who was apprehensive about the growing number of students at Otumoetai and the fact that the number of temporary on-site classrooms had risen to a deplorable twelve.
Like numerous other schools in New Zealand, 2002 was a big year in the way of changes to the educational standards. National Certificate in Educational Achievement (NCEA) replaced School Certificate which led to a major disturbance with students, teachers and the unfamiliarity of the new concepts.
Today, Otumoetai College can be seen to prosper from the changes it has had in the past to become one of the top leading schools within New Zealand.
## Otumoetai College motto {#otumoetai_college_motto}
The Otumoetai school motto is detailed within the school emblem which is found on the uniform and in numerous places around the school. \"It was designed by Mr F Graham and embodies three concepts.\" The aphorism \"*Doctrina Vitam Illuminet*\" means \"let learning enlighten life\" and symbolises the idea that education is not only a process of gaining qualifications and going through ones paces day by day in the effort to gain a job or career but \"one which should bring us wisdom and so improve the quality of our lives and of the world in which we live\". The emblem has three concepts or symbols; the torch with its red flame, the star beneath the torch and the silver waves on the dark blue background, each symbolising and holding its own meaning.
> \"The silver torch with its red flame standing on a forest green background, depicts the light of learning to be kept burning and handed on from generation to generation. The star beneath the torch is the heraldic recognition of Otumoetai as the third college in the community, and the silver waves on the dark blue background represent the quiet waters of the estuary near the college.\"
## Enrolment
At the August 2013 Education Review Office (ERO) review, Otumoetai College had 1,924 students enrolled, including 71 international students. Forty-five percent of students were male and 55 percent were female. Sixty-three percent of students identified as European (Pākehā), three percent as another European ethnicity, 20 percent as Māori, six percent as Pasifika, four percent as Asian, and four percent as another ethnicity.
As of `{{NZ school roll data|3=y}}`{=mediawiki}, Otumoetai College has roll of `{{NZ school roll data|120|y}}`{=mediawiki} students, of which `{{NZ school roll data|120m|y}}`{=mediawiki} (`{{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ school roll data|120m|y}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{NZ school roll data|120|y}}|R}}*100|1}}`{=mediawiki}%) identify as Māori.`{{NZ school roll data|4=y}}`{=mediawiki}
As of `{{NZ school equity index data|203||y|||}}`{=mediawiki}, the school has an Equity Index of `{{NZ school equity index data|120|y||||}}`{=mediawiki},`{{NZ school equity index data|28|||y||}}`{=mediawiki} placing it amongst schools whose students have `{{NZ school equity index data|120b|y||||}}`{=mediawiki} socioeconomic barriers to achievement (roughly equivalent to deciles 5 and 6 under the former socio-economic decile system).
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# Otumoetai College
## Principals
Harold Webber was the first principal appointed at Otumoetai College in 1964. At that stage Otumoetai College was still a piece of land waiting to become a complete collection of buildings and educational blocks, for the first roll of students arriving and starting in 1965. Previously, Webber had been principal at Paeroa College. Webber remained principal until 1970.
The second principal was Alastair Murray, who took up the position in 1971. Like Webber, Murray had had numerous years\' experience as a deputy principal in a city school and as the principal of the Bay of Islands College. Murray left in 1983.
In June 1983, Peter Malcom was elected as the third principal of Otumoetai College. Malcom came from a strong experienced background within schools. Originally from Ashburton College, he was considered a great mathematician. He brought numerous changes and great things to Otumoetai College and retired in July 2000.
In June 2000, Dave Randell was elected as the fourth principal of Otumoetai College. Previously, he had been principal at Taihape College in 1988 as well Melville High School in Hamilton from 1995. In late 2017, Randell announced his retirement. In 2018, he was followed by Russell Gordon who had been principal at Mount Maunganui College.
## Otumoetai musical and drama productions {#otumoetai_musical_and_drama_productions}
Over the past 45 years Otumoetai College has taken great pride in presenting numerous musical and drama productions to the Tauranga community. Thousands of students and teachers have dedicated many hours and been heavily involved in frequent productions staged by the school. \"The first concert took place in the college hall on the evening of 18 August 1965 under the direction of Mrs Bartlett.\" Since then, the school has flourished and expanded its growing ideas and passions for dance, drama and performing, leading to numerous presentations for the community at Bay Court, the local performance centre in Tauranga.
### Musical productions {#musical_productions}
- 1992 *Oliver*
- 1993 *Fiddler on the Roof*
- 1994 *Chess*
- 1996 *Grease*
- 1999 *The Sound of Music*
- 2000 *The Buddy Holly Story*
- 2001 *Blood Brothers*
- 2002 *My Fair Lady*
- 2004 *Return to the Forbidden Planet*
- 2005 *Fame*
- 2007 *High School Musical*
- 2008 *Charlie and the Chocolate Factory*
- 2009 *Jekyll and Hyde*
- 2011 *Footloose*
- 2012 *Alice in Wonderland*
- 2014 *Guys and Dolls*
- 2016 *Hairspray*
- 2018 *Annie*
- 2019 *High School Musical*
- 2021 *School Of Rock*
- 2023 *Spongebob the musical.*
### Drama productions {#drama_productions}
- 1984 *A Midsummer Night\'s Dream*
- 1992 *Whose Life is it Anyway?*
- 1993 *Teachers*
- 1994 *The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole*
- 1999 *The Diary of Anne Frank*
- 2001 *Cosi*
- 2002 *An Evening with Molière*
- 2006 *Stepping Out*
- 2008 *Charlie and the Chocolate Factory* / *Our Day Out*
- 2010 *The Golden Pathway Annual* / *Daisy\'s Disastrous Daydreams*
- 2012 *Footloose*
- 2014 *Guys and Dolls*
- 2016 *Hairspray*
- 2018 *Annie*
## Notable alumni {#notable_alumni}
- Tim Balme (born 1967), actor, director and screenwriter, known for roles in the long running TV soap *Shortland Street*, the Peter Jackson movie *Braindead* and writer of the TV series *Brokenwood Mysteries*
- Gary Braid (born 1960), rugby union player, member of All Blacks
- Moss Burmester (born 1981), swimmer, Commonwealth games gold medallist
- Samantha Charlton (born 1991), field hockey player, member of Black Sticks Women
- Allan Horan (born 1961), Olympic rower
- Geoff Horan (born 1960), Olympic rower
- Glen Jackson (born 1975), rugby union player and referee
- Tony Lochhead (born 1982), football (soccer) player, member of All Whites
- Peter Stafford (born 1978), field hockey player, member of Black Sticks Men, Commonwealth Games silver medallist
- Trent Boult (born 1989), member of New Zealand national cricket team
- Janika ter Ellen, television broadcaster and news presenter for Prime News
- Augusta Xu-Holland (born 1989), actor, known for her role in the movie *On Wings of Eagles*
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# U.S. Route 13 Business (Wilmington, Delaware)
**U.S. Route 13 Business** (**US 13 Bus.**) is an 8.19 mi business route of US 13 that runs through the heart of the city of Wilmington in New Castle County, Delaware, where US 13 bypasses downtown Wilmington to the east, running near Interstate 495 (I-495) and the Delaware River. US 13 Bus. begins at I-495 and US 13 at the southern border of Wilmington and heads north toward the downtown area, where it splits into a one-way pair. Past downtown, the business route heads through the northeastern part of the city on North Market Street before continuing through suburban Brandywine Hundred on Philadelphia Pike. US 13 Bus. reaches its northern terminus at US 13 in Claymont. US 13 Bus. is a four-lane road for much of its length.
The Philadelphia Pike was built as a turnpike in the 1820s and improved to a state highway by 1920. US 13 was designated to run through downtown Wilmington and along Philadelphia Pike in 1926. During the 1930s, US 13 was shifted from Market Street to a one-way pair on Market and French streets before both directions were moved onto French Street through downtown Wilmington. In the 1950s, the route was shifted to Walnut and French streets in the downtown area. The Walnut Street extension south of downtown, which included a new bridge over the Christina River, opened in 1957. US 13 Bus. was designated in 1970 when US 13 was routed to bypass Wilmington along the former US 13 Alternate (US 13 Alt.) The business route was moved to its current one-way pairing on Walnut and King street in the 1970s.
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# U.S. Route 13 Business (Wilmington, Delaware)
## Route description {#route_description}
US 13 Bus. branches off of US 13 at the southern edge of the city of Wilmington, just north of I-495. From here, the business route heads north on four-lane divided South Walnut Street. Immediately after beginning, the route has a southbound ramp to southbound I-495 and intersects Rogers Road. US 13 Bus. heads through commercial areas, becoming undivided as it comes to a bridge over Norfolk Southern Railway\'s Shellpot Secondary railroad line. The route splits into a one-way pair, with the northbound direction following South Walnut Street and the southbound direction following South Market Street, with three northbound lanes and four southbound lanes. The route heads west of Chase Fieldhouse, which is home to the Delaware Blue Coats of the NBA G League. The road passes businesses, a few homes, and the Christina Landing condominium complex (which includes the River Tower at Christina Landing, the tallest residential building in Delaware) before the business route crosses the Christina River on the Walnut Street Bridge northbound and the South Market Street Bridge southbound, both of which are drawbridges.
US 13 Bus. heads into downtown Wilmington and crosses under Amtrak\'s Northeast Corridor railroad line at Wilmington station that serves Amtrak and SEPTA\'s Wilmington/Newark Line. Immediately after, the business route intersects the eastern terminus of Delaware Route 48 (DE 48), which follows Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard/Front Street eastbound and 2nd Street westbound, while the northbound direction passes west of the Wilmington Transit Center serving DART First State busses. At this point, US 13 Bus. continues north to follow North Walnut Street northbound and North King Street southbound, with four northbound lanes and three southbound lanes. The road passes downtown businesses and intersects DE 9 (4th Street) south of the Leonard L. Williams Justice Center (the county courthouse for New Castle County). Continuing through the downtown, the business route carries three lanes in each direction and runs near high-rise buildings, with southbound US 13 Bus. passing to the east of Delaware College of Art and Design north of 6th Street. Further north, the southbound direction passes east of Rodney Square between 10th and 11th streets before the route comes to a junction with the southern terminus of DE 52, which follows 11th Street eastbound (southbound) and 12th Street westbound (northbound). At the north end of downtown, northbound US 13 Bus. turns west on 16th Street to rejoin the southbound direction.
From here, US 13 Bus. heads north on four-lane undivided North Market Street and crosses Brandywine Creek. After the bridge, the road curves northeast and becomes a three-lane road with one northbound lane and two southbound lanes, passing urban residential and commercial development as it comes to an intersection with the southern terminus of DE 202 (Concord Avenue). The route becomes a two-lane road and passes more urban areas along with a couple cemeteries.
US 13 Bus. widens to four lanes again as it heads out of Wilmington and into suburban Brandywine Hundred, with the name of the road changing to Philadelphia Pike. Here, the business route crosses Shellpot Creek and intersects DE 3 and Shipley Road, forming a concurrency with DE 3. The two routes pass suburban homes and businesses, crossing Marsh Road before DE 3 splits from US 13 Bus. by heading to the northwest. US 13 Bus. runs along the northwestern edge of the town of Bellefonte before it passes to the southeast of Bellevue State Park. The business route crosses Stoney Creek as it continues northeast through residential neighborhoods with scattered businesses, heading through Holly Oak and intersecting Silverside Road before it crosses Perkins Run and reaches Claymont. At Harvey Road, the road narrows to two travel lanes and a center turn lane until the business route intersects US 13 and reaches its northern terminus, with Philadelphia Pike continuing northeast as part of US 13.
The portion of the route between A Street and DE 9 (4th Street) in Wilmington is part of the Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Byway, a Delaware Byway. The section of US 13 Bus. between DE 9 in Wilmington and US 13 in Claymont is part of the Washington--Rochambeau Revolutionary Route, a National Historic Trail. US 13 Bus. has an annual average daily traffic count ranging from a high of 31,480 vehicles at DE 48 in Wilmington to a low of 7,684 vehicles at the DE 3 intersection near Bellefonte. US 13 Bus. is a part of the National Highway System between the southern terminus and DE 202 in Wilmington.
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# U.S. Route 13 Business (Wilmington, Delaware)
## History
In 1813, the Wilmington and Philadelphia Turnpike Company was chartered to build a turnpike running from the Brandywine Bridge in Wilmington northeast to the Pennsylvania border, where the roadway would continue to Philadelphia. A 3.75 mi long portion of the road near Wilmington was finished in 1816 with the remainder completed in 1823. With the Federal Aid Road Act of 1916, the Philadelphia Pike was to be improved by the state. The Philadelphia Pike was upgraded to a state highway by 1920. The Philadelphia Pike was designated part of a branch of the Lincoln Highway and part of the Capitol Trail in the 1910s, which continued west of Wilmington to Newark and the Maryland border along the present-day DE 2 corridor, then south to Washington, D.C., and Atlanta.
In 1925, recommendations were made to improve the South Market Street Causeway over the Christina River in Wilmington, which included a new bridge over the river. Construction on the drawbridge began in May 1926. In 1927, the new drawbridge, the four-lane South Market Street Bridge, opened over the Christina River on South Market Street in Wilmington, replacing a previous drawbridge that was only two lanes wide.
With the creation of the U.S. Numbered Highway System in 1926, US 13 was routed to head through Wilmington along Market Street and to the northeast of Wilmington along Philadelphia Pike. In 1926, the Delaware State Highway Department suggested the Philadelphia Pike be widened. US 13 was widened along the Philadelphia Pike between Shellpot Park and Bellevue Quarry in 1927. In 1928, the widening of Philadelphia Pike was completed.
By 1932, US 13 was split into the one-way pair of French Street northbound and Market Street southbound in the downtown area. Both directions of the route was shifted to use French Street by 1936. On July 18, 1938, the grade crossing with the Reading Railroad (now abandoned) and the Pennsylvania Railroad (now Norfolk Southern Railway\'s Shellpot Secondary) on South Market Street in Wilmington was eliminated with the opening of a bridge over the railroad tracks.
In 1952, a new bridge over the Christina River, the Walnut Street Bridge, was proposed to link Walnut Street in the downtown area with the Dupont Parkway section of US 13 south of the city. Under this plan, the Walnut Street Bridge would be used for northbound traffic while the South Market Street Bridge would be used for southbound traffic. By this time, US 13 was routed on a one-way pair in the downtown area, using Walnut Street northbound and French Street southbound. A year later, the Walnut Street Bridge project was under contract. Construction on the project began in 1955. Construction of the Walnut Street Extension, which included the drawbridge, approach roads, and a new bridge under the Pennsylvania Railroad (now Amtrak\'s Northeast Corridor), was completed in 1957. As a result, US 13 was split into the one-way pair of South Walnut Street northbound and South Market Street southbound between the south end of the city and downtown.
Plans were made to widen the Philadelphia Pike to a four-lane road between Bellevue Road and Claymont in 1954. The widening project was completed in 1956. US 13 Bus. was established in 1970, replacing the former alignment of US 13 through Wilmington that was shifted to bypass the city along the former US 13 Alt. By 1976, southbound US 13 Bus. was shifted to use King Street instead of French Street through downtown Wilmington
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# I Need to Know (Marc Anthony song)
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{{single chart|Australia|20|artist=Marc Anthony|song=I Need to Know|refname="australiacharts"|access-date=November 21, 2013|rowheader=true}}
^
``
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# Ian Law
**Ian Law** (born 27 September 1938) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Hawthorn Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
A rover, Law won the Hawthorn Best and fairest award in just his second year of VFL football and also finished third in the 1961 Brownlow Medal count. He played in Hawthorn\'s 1961 premiership team and was Club Champion twice more before retiring after the 1968 season.
In the early 1960s, he played four first-class cricket matches for Victoria as a specialist batsman
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# Basin Street Blues
\"**Basin Street Blues**\" is a song often performed by Dixieland jazz bands, written by Spencer Williams in 1928 and recorded that year by Louis Armstrong. The verse with the lyric \"Won\'t you come along with me / To the Mississippi\...\" was later added by Glenn Miller and Jack Teagarden.
The Basin Street of the title refers to the main street of Storyville, the red-light district of early 20th-century New Orleans, north of the French Quarter. It became a red light district in 1897.
## Other recordings {#other_recordings}
- Benny Goodman & His Orchestra with Joe Harris in 1935
- Bob Wills and his Texas Playboys with Tommy Duncan
- The Mills Brothers, first recorded in 1939 where they utilised their famous mouth trumpet/trombone trademark.
- Margie Rayburn on 1956 single \"Can I Tell Them That You\'re Mine?\"
- Shirley Bassey, on her 1957 album *Born To Sing The Blues*
- The Hi-Lo\'s on their 1957 album *Suddenly It\'s the Hi-Lo\'s*
- Louis Prima on his 1957 album *The Wildest!*
- Dave Brubeck on his 1959 album *Gone with the Wind*
- Ray Charles recorded this song for his 1960 record, The Genius Hits the Road.
- Ace Cannon for his debut 1962 album *Tuff Sax*
- Miles Davis on his 1963 album *Seven Steps to Heaven*
- Carol Burnett and Dinah Shore on The Carol Burnett Show in 1976.
- Sam Cooke recorded a version in 1963 with different lyrics. He performed the song live on *The Tonight Show* and *The Mike Douglas Show*.
- Oscar Peterson for his 1970 album *Tracks*
- Judith Durham for her 1974 album *Judith Durham and The Hottest Band in Town Volume 2*
- Dr. John on his 1992 album *Goin' Back to New Orleans*
- Bing Crosby and Connee Boswell for Decca Records on September 25, 1937 and it charted at the No. 12 position.
-
- Ella Fitzgerald with the Sy Oliver Orchestra, *Lullabies of Birdland*
- Bing Crosby and Ella Fitzgerald sang it on his radio show
- Jo Stafford with Frankie Laine
- Julie London (*About the Blues*, Liberty Records)
- Liza Minnelli performed the number at her 2008-9 concert *Liza\'s at The Palace\...!*
- *The Curious Case of Benjamin Button*
- In 2008, saxophonist David Sanborn covered the song from his album *Here & Gone*
- The song was re-imagined by Canadian turntablist Kid Koala by manipulating the vinyl live.
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
- In his live recording made at the Monterey Jazz festival in 1963, Jack Teagarden claims that the words we usually associate with the song were written by him and Glenn Miller when they were asked to arrange the song for an early Ben Pollack recording. Neither name appears on the song credits.
- Dick Stabile and his orchestra with Dean Martin
- The Brazilian band Fizz Jazz recorded in 2017.
- Cab Calloway recorded a rendition with his Orchestra. The piece was mainly instrumental with some scatting by Calloway.
- Harry Connick, Jr. on his 1988 album, *20*.
- The swing revival band Big Bad Voodoo Daddy included a version of this song on their Louie Louie Louie album released in 2017
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# Walter Loomis Newberry
**Walter Loomis Newberry** (September 18, 1804 -- November 6, 1868) was the son of Amasa and Ruth (Warner) Newberry. He was an American businessman and philanthropist, whose will provided for the creation of the Newberry Library in Chicago, Illinois.
## Career
Newberry received an appointment to the United States Military Academy, but had to decline for health reasons. In 1822, Newberry and his brother Oliver went into the shipping business in Buffalo, New York. They moved to Detroit, Michigan in 1826 and founded a successful dry goods company. Newberry joined a syndicate that included William Astor and Lewis Cass, investing in real estate in what would become Chicago, Milwaukee, and Green Bay; he moved to Chicago in 1833 and continued to prosper in banking and real estate. He became President of the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, the first railroad built from Chicago.
From 1851 to 1853 he served as an Alderman on the Chicago Common Council from the 9th ward.
From 1859 through 1863, he served on the Chicago Board of Education. In 1863, he served as president of the Chicago Board of Education.
## Later life and death {#later_life_and_death}
Newberry died in 1868 on the steamship *Periere* while en route to France.
## Legacy
His will provided for his wife and daughters during their lifetimes, and further provided that if his daughters Julia Rosa and Mary Louisa died without issue, half his remaining estate would go to found a public library in Chicago. Mary Louisa died in 1874, and Julia Rosa in 1876, neither having married or had children. By the time that Newberry\'s widow, Julia Butler Newberry, died in 1885, the Chicago Public Library was already well-established as a circulating library. The trustees of Newberry\'s will therefore used the bequest to establish the Newberry Library as a non-circulating reference library. A Chicago public school in Chicago\'s Lincoln Park neighborhood and Chicago\'s Newberry Avenue are named for him.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Newberry was the uncle of U.S. Congressman John Stoughton Newberry as well as physician John Strong Newberry.
### Brother
**Oliver Newberry** (17 November 1789 -- 30 July 1860), a brother of Walter Loomis Newberry, born in East Windsor, Connecticut. He served during the War of 1812, and also during the Black Hawk War. In 1816 he settled in Buffalo, New York, but in 1820 he went to Detroit, where he established himself in business. Soon after his arrival in Detroit, he secured government contracts to furnish all supplies to the numerous forts and Indian trading-posts in the northwest. He was unable to obtain suitable transportation, and was compelled to build a vessel for his own use. Afterward, he constructed other vessels during successive years until he became one of the largest owners of shipping on the lakes.
In 1833, he built the *Michigan*, his first steamboat and the largest one launched to that date for the lake trade. Several warehouses were constructed by him along the Detroit riverfront, where his schooners, brigs, and steamboats were loaded. He was elected an alderman in Detroit in 1831, and he was involved in the early history of Michigan railroads. For many years, he carried all of his business papers in his hat, and was rarely seen uncovered. He was known as the "commodore" of the lakes, and was sometimes called "the steamboat king." He died in Detroit
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# Brookfield Village, Oakland, California
**Brookfield Village** is an Oakland, California neighborhood located in East Oakland near Oakland International Airport. The main streets are 98th Avenue and Edes Avenue.
Brookfield Village was built during World War II in response to the influx of workers needed for the war industries, on land which had been zoned for industrial uses. It was one of the first suburban style tract house developments in Oakland.
Brookfield Village was developed by Albert Bernhardt and the Stoneon Brothers; a subdivision of over 1200 homes that featured winding, contoured streets lined with shade trees. Its creators advertised it as \"a model village on the Pacific Coast.\"
Damian Lillard, who is a professional NBA basketball player for the Milwaukee Bucks, grew up in Brookfield Village
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# God Made Me Funky
**God Made Me Funky (GMMF)** is a Canadian funk music group, formed in 1996 in Toronto. The group started as an \"instrumental funk fusion experiment\", and developed a popular following in the Toronto music scene.
Their self-titled debut album was released in 2005, and was supported by a cross-Canada concert tour and airplay on CBC Radio 3.
Their second album, *We Can All Be Free*, was released in 2007, and garnered a Juno Award nomination for R&B/Soul Recording of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2008. The album featured guest appearances by Maestro, Michie Mee and Thrust. The single \"Won More Time\" charted in the top 10 on Canadian modern rock and campus radio charts and the top 100 on the contemporary hit radio charts, and the single \"Luv T\'Day\" was featured on the soundtrack to the comedy film *American Pie Presents: Beta House*.
Their third album, *Enter the Beat*, was released in 2008.
The band has collaborated with a variety of female vocalists both on tour and in the recording studio, including Breanne Arigo, Leah Daniels, former *Canadian Idol* winner Melissa O\'Neil and Dana Jean Phoenix.
Their music has also been used in advertisements for Parmalat and Coors Light.
Their most recent album, *Funky, Fly, N\' Free*, was released in 2015
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# Timeline of LiveJournal
This is a timeline of events in the history of the virtual community LiveJournal.
## 1999
- **March 18, 1999** --- LiveJournal starts (first entry ever: [1](http://brad.livejournal.com/29215.html), however the earliest dated entry is from November 1997 [2](http://brad.livejournal.com/1997/11/23/), possibly copied from the founder\'s personal website; first version of the server code: [3](https://web.archive.org/web/20060523142101/http://cvs.livejournal.org/browse.cgi/livejournal/src/historic/brad-log.cgi?rev=1.1&content-type=text%2Fx-cvsweb-markup))
- **April 14, 1999** --- LiveJournal domain officially registered
- **November 17, 1999** --- Creation of the *news* journal [4](http://news.livejournal.com/profile?mode=full)
## 2000 {#section_1}
- **February 14, 2000** --- The first Macintosh Client is released by Aaron Eiche [5](http://aaron.livejournal.com/12513.html)
- **April 1, 2000** --- Message boards (comments on entries)[6](http://brad.livejournal.com/841387.html)
- **May 21, 2000** --- Subject lines for entries
- **August 2, 2000** --- Interests [7](http://news.livejournal.com/4525.html)
- **August 3, 2000** --- First version of the Directory Search in beta test [8](http://news.livejournal.com/4720.html)
- **August 15, 2000** --- First version of the support board (earliest surviving support request: [9](http://www.livejournal.com/support/see_request.bml?id=2))
- **August 22, 2000** --- Topic directory [10](http://news.livejournal.com/10109.html) (now defunct)
- **August 25, 2000** --- Text messaging [11](http://news.livejournal.com/10501.html)
- **September 13, 2000** --- First paid-account benefits [12](http://news.livejournal.com/13339.html)
- **November 14, 2000** --- LJ user *visions* releases the first version of his Windows client [13](http://news.livejournal.com/18330.html)
- **December 1, 2000** --- Creation of the *changelog* journal [14](http://news.livejournal.com/22519.html)
- **December 16, 2000** --- Communities [15](http://news.livejournal.com/23987.html)
## 2001 {#section_2}
- **January 12, 2001** --- Introduction of the *Dystopia* site scheme [16](http://news.livejournal.com/27817.html)
- **March 16, 2001** --- First Permanent Account Sale \"100 people, 100 bucks\" to Raise Funds for new Alpha Database Server [17](https://news.livejournal.com/34389.html)
- **March 18, 2001** --- User polls [18](http://news.livejournal.com/35072.html)
- **March 24, 2001** --- LiveJournal server code goes open-source [19](http://news.livejournal.com/35752.html)
- **May 16, 2001** --- First support privilege: *supporthelp* [20](https://archive.today/20121202082449/http://community.livejournal.com/lj_support/53489.html)
- **September 2, 2001** --- Invite codes are introduced [21](http://news.livejournal.com/46664.html)
- **November 4, 2001** --- *avva* becomes first full-time employee [22](http://news.livejournal.com/48745.html)
## 2002 {#section_3}
- **January 1, 2002** --- [bradfitz](http://bradfitz.livejournal.com/profile) posts about Mirrors On Shoes\' LiveJournal Song [23](http://news.livejournal.com/50307.html)
- **January 5, 2002** --- First purging run (freeing deleted usernames) [24](http://news.livejournal.com/50639.html)
- **February 2, 2002** --- Database clustering [25](http://news.livejournal.com/52336.html)
- **April 1, 2002** --- New support category: *Communities* [26](https://web.archive.org/web/20060929220418/http://community.livejournal.com/lj_support/215645.html)
- **April 14, 2002** --- Switch to UTF-8 [27](http://news.livejournal.com/54041.html)
- **May 3, 2002** --- Web interface starts getting translated into other languages [28](http://news.livejournal.com/54970.html)
- **July 3, 2002** --- Zilla (bug and project tracking database) created (first entry: [29](http://zilla.livejournal.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1)`{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}`{=mediawiki})
- **July 8, 2002** --- RSS syndication [30](http://news.livejournal.com/58000.html)
- **August 22, 2002** --- Support introduces interim privileges [31](https://archive.today/20121208174918/http://community.livejournal.com/lj_support/281660.html)
- **November 26, 2002** --- Support category *Customization* closed [32](https://web.archive.org/web/20060902004116/http://community.livejournal.com/lj_support/318141.html)
- **December 29, 2002** --- New support category: *Syndication* [33](https://archive.today/20121129090538/http://community.livejournal.com/lj_support/334970.html)
## 2003 {#section_4}
- **January 16, 2003** --- Style System 2 (S2) enters beta-test [34](http://news.livejournal.com/61988.html)
- **March 18, 2003** --- Introduction of the *XColibur* site scheme [35](http://news.livejournal.com/65335.html)
- **April 11, 2003** --- One million accounts reached [36](http://1000000.livejournal.com/profile) [37](http://news.livejournal.com/67511.html)
- **October 24, 2003** --- Post by e-mail [38](http://news.livejournal.com/72431.html)
- **October 29, 2003** --- New support category: *Style Systems* [39](https://web.archive.org/web/20060831081506/http://community.livejournal.com/lj_support/427197.html)
- **November 12, 2003** --- Post by phone [40](http://news.livejournal.com/73345.html)
- **December 12, 2003** --- Invite codes are removed [41](http://news.livejournal.com/74165.html)
- **December 12, 2003** --- LiveJournal begins airing commercials in movie theatres in San Francisco, Portland, Seattle, and Denver. [42](http://community.livejournal.com/lj_biz/202653.html)
- **December 17, 2003** --- Unused invite codes can be used to obtain LiveJournal coupons until December 31 [43](http://community.livejournal.com/lj_biz/205605.html)
## 2004 {#section_5}
- **January 2, 2004** --- Secure logins and password changes [44](http://news.livejournal.com/75379.html)
- **January 29, 2004** --- Two million accounts reached [45](http://news.livejournal.com/75899.html)
- **February 12, 2004** --- First colorbar created [46](http://shared-boxers.livejournal.com/578528.html)
- **May 12, 2004** --- LiveJournal wins \"People\'s Voice\" Webby Awards in \"Community\" category [47](http://news.livejournal.com/79150.html)
- **July 22, 2004** --- LiveJournal opens up photo hosting with FotoBilder [48](http://community.livejournal.com/lj_biz/230346.html)
- **November 1, 2004** --- Site reaches 5 million accounts.
- **November 19, 2004** --- Rachelle Waterman\'s LiveJournal achieves notoriety when she is arrested and accused of orchestrating the murder of her mother
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# Timeline of LiveJournal
## 2005 {#section_6}
- **January 5, 2005** --- Brad Fitzpatrick sells Danga Interactive and LiveJournal to Six Apart for an undisclosed amount over \$1 million [49](http://news.livejournal.com/82926.html), [50](http://www.sixapart.com/press/weblogging_software_leader_six_apar.shtml), [51](http://www.oregonlive.com/news/oregonian/index.ssf?/base/front_page/110510304755450.xml)
- **January 14 and January 15, 2005** --- The colocation centre company where the LiveJournal servers are stored, Internap, suffers a major power failure. This results in the entire site being unavailable for over 24 hours whilst Fitzpatrick and his fellow system administrators work to bring 100 servers back online. The news makes the news site Slashdot at 03:30 GMT. [52](http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/01/15/0311214) [53](http://community.livejournal.com/lj_dev/670215.html) This event is commonly referred to as the Great LJ Blackout of 2005.
- **April 22, 2005** --- 2nd annual template-design contest winners announced: A Novel Conundrum, 3 Column Style, Tranquility II, Flexible Squares and Nebula. [54](http://news.livejournal.com/84868.html)
- **June 1, 2005** --- Several updates: Phone posts now default to .mp3 format, majority of winning templates from Style Contest added as options for users, one-time purging from servers of all accounts deleted for over 30 days. [55](http://news.livejournal.com/85751.html)
- **June 7, 2005** --- LiveJournal holds a 24-hour permanent account sale for \$150 per account. [56](http://news.livejournal.com/85793.html)
- **June 15, 2005** --- LiveJournal introduces full support for tags. [57](http://news.livejournal.com/86492.html)
- **July 19, 2005** --- New support category *Issue Investigation*, while *Embedding* and *Press* are closed. [58](https://web.archive.org/web/20080311055011/http://community.livejournal.com/lj_support/572324.html)
- **November 18--19, 2005** --- Data center is moved from Internap at Seattle to Six Apart Headquarters at San Francisco.
- **December 15, 2005** --- Holiday gifts (permanent upgrades) given to users: 10 GB of storage space to permanent account holders, 1 GB of storage space to paid accounts, twice as many userpics (from 3 to 6) for free accounts
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# Timeline of LiveJournal
## 2006 {#section_7}
- **January 19, 2006** --- Due to web browser related security concerns, the [URL scheme for users\' content was changed](http://news.livejournal.com/90556.html), making what used to be an optional Paid only feature a standard feature for all users.
- **February 10, 2006** --- Introduced Virtual Gifts. For a small cost, users can now send \"gifts\" such as roses or balloons to a friend\'s userpage, where they will remain for two weeks before fading away. The feature was originally introduced for Valentine\'s Day, but is to continue after the holiday has passed.
- **March 15, 2006** --- In a gift to paid account users, [the userpic limit was raised to 30.](http://news.livejournal.com/91249.html) Also, loyalty userpics were added, giving extra userpics to paid users who have supported the site over the years. Permanent account holders were given the maximum of 132. Two new Virtual Gifts were added, a Good Luck Clover and Bubbly Brew, to celebrate the St. Patrick\'s Day holiday. A Flash player was added to voiceposts, assisting users by allowing them to play posts in .mp3 format right in the post. Finally, [a new intern, user burr86](http://burr86.livejournal.com/profile), was added to assist with the site bug and issue database.
- **April 10, 2006** --- Site reaches 10 million accounts.
- **April 18, 2006** --- \"Sponsored+\" accounts are introduced, which feature ads. [59](http://news.livejournal.com/91919.html)
- **May/June, 2006** --- Controversy arises when LJ Abuse team warns several users to remove default user pictures containing images of breastfeeding. The owners of some of the user pictures feel that they should be permitted to keep them because they depict breastfeeding rather than \"explicitly sexual content\", the latter being the phrase used in the Terms of Service. LiveJournal changes its long-standing policy on inappropriate default user pictures, but some users, feeling the policy is wrong, elect to allow their journals to be suspended or delete them themselves. Others start to display protest userpics, write letters to LJ Abuse and Six Apart. [60](https://web.archive.org/web/20070505053017/http://www.thebloggingtimes.com/content/index.php/2006/06/01/livejournal-restricts-breastfeeding-photos/) [61](http://sf.indymedia.org/news/2006/05/1728673.php)
- **June 6, 2006** --- A number of users staged a one-day boycott of LiveJournal in concern about LJ\'s abuses policy on breastfeeding images and about the broader issues of ToS and Customer Service. Participating users temporarily deleted their journal for a time spanning from 12:01 am to 11:59 pm in hopes that the drastic drop in journals on that day would bring attention to their cause.
- **August 25, 2006** --- With help from parent company Six Apart, LiveJournal offers new layout options to both \"Plus\" and paid accounts. \"Plus\" users receive partial access to the new *Expressive* themes (paid accounts may use any), as well as the previously paid-account-only *Component*. \"The Boxer\" layout remains the sole Paid-account only layout.
- **August 28, 2006** --- Site reaches 11 million accounts.
- **September 29, 2006** --- LiveJournal announces \"sponsored communities\" and \"sponsored features\" [62](http://community.livejournal.com/lj_biz/237534.html).
- **October 11, 2006** --- [TxtLJ](http://www.livejournal.com/support/faqbrowse.bml?faqid=274), a feature for interacting with LiveJournal through SMS text messages sponsored by Amp\'d Mobile, was opened up to paid and permanent members.[63](http://community.livejournal.com/paidmembers/18587.html)
- **October 12, 2006** --- LiveJournal officially announces its integrated XMPP service [LJ Talk](http://www.livejournal.com/chat/), with the ability to post journal entries through instant messaging, username icon Contextual Hover Menus for LJ Talk login status and user links, and optimized XMPP client [Gizmo5 for LJ Talk](http://www.livejournal.com/chat/download/).[64](http://news.livejournal.com/94350.html)
- **November 4, 2006** --- Servers managing LiveJournal blogs suffer a massive power outage. Six Apart makes an \"offline\" page visible through the entire LiveJournal network, which some users considered to be crude. [65](http://community.livejournal.com/lj_maintenance/114884.html)
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# Timeline of LiveJournal
## 2007 {#section_8}
- **January 9, 2007** --- Site reaches 12 million accounts.
- **February 2007** --- LiveJournal schools team remove military schools from their Schools Directory in accordance with the policy of listing only degree-granting and/or accredited institutions, irritating those users who went to such schools. [66](http://community.livejournal.com/suggestions/680132.html)
- **March 12, 2007** - LiveJournal establishes a new support category, *SUP Services* for handling requests pertaining to SUP. Users cannot submit requests directly into this category, but rather requests are moved from other categories to it. [67](https://archive.today/20121129082021/http://community.livejournal.com/lj_support/691374.html)
- **May 24, 2007** - Site reaches 13 million accounts.
- **May 29, 2007** - LiveJournal Abuse suspends roughly 500 accounts (0.004% of its network) for perceived Terms of Service Violations. [68](https://archive.today/20120714131202/http://news.com.com/Mass+deletion+sparks+LiveJournal+revolt/2100-1025_3-6187619.html)
- **May 31, 2007** - Barak Berkowitz, CEO of Six Apart, issues statements on the suspensions and indicates some of them will be reversed.[69](http://news.livejournal.com/99159.html)
- **June 21, 2007** - LJ has a rare, week-long Permanent Account sale for the same price as previous \$150. (The last offering was in June 2005). \$25 from every sale, for the first 36 hours, goes to one (or some to all) of four charities the purchaser could select.
- **July 24, 2007** - Servers managing LiveJournal blogs suffer a massive power outage. Again Six Apart makes an \"offline\" page visible through the entire LiveJournal network.
- **August 2, 2007** - LiveJournal users are banned without notice for depicting art \"depicting minors in explicit sexual situations\". Outraged users spam and protest until LiveJournal addresses the deletion on August 7.
- **October 11, 2007** - Site reaches 14 million accounts.
- **December 2, 2007** - Six Apart announces the sale of LiveJournal to SUP Services and the founding of LiveJournal, Inc [70](http://www.sixapart.com/about/news/2007/12/six_apart_annou.html)
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# Timeline of LiveJournal
## 2008 {#section_9}
- **March 12, 2008** - SUP Services (the site owner) remove Basic accounts from the new registration forms.
- **March 15, 2008** - LJ users notice certain interests being blocked from the \"Top 100\" list. These interests include bisexuality, depression, faeries, girls, boys, and fanfiction.
- **March 17, 2008** - The filter on the Top 100 list is removed, returning the blocked interests to the list.
- **July 11, 2008** - Beta testing and feedback begins on a possible redesign of the profile layout. [71](http://community.livejournal.com/lj_design/14502.html)
- **July 17, 2008** - LJ announces the return of Basic accounts by the end of the northern hemisphere\'s summer. [72](http://news.livejournal.com/109461.html)
- **October 26, 2008** LJ servers down starting around 10 Am EST
- **November 18, 2008** - LJ servers move to new home in Billings, Montana USA. [73](http://community.livejournal.com/lj_maintenance/122058.html) [74](https://web.archive.org/web/20120425050852/http://teamlj.livejournal.com/30648.html)
- **December 4, 2008** - LJ has a rare, week-long Permanent Account sale - price goes up to \$175. (The last offering was in June 2007 for \$150). \$25 from every sale, for the first 36 hours, can be directed to one of select thousands of charities through its new partner, [Razoo](http://razoo.com/). Userpics for both new and existing permanent account holders are raised to 150, and disk space for these folks is raised to 15GB. [75](http://news.livejournal.com/111831.html)
## 2009 {#section_10}
- **January 6, 2009** - LiveJournal lays off around a dozen staff in San Francisco and Moscow, including its vice-president.
## 2014 {#section_11}
- **May 18, 2014** - After a decade of a consistent layout, LiveJournal launches a new user interface and homepage, with a focus on ranking journals by popularity.
## 2017 {#section_12}
- **April 4, 2017** - Control of LiveJournal as a blogging platform has been transferred to SUP Media LLC, a legal entity based in the Russian Federation. LiveJournal\'s new terms of service are in the Russian language, with a non-binding English translation also provided. They require compliance with Russian laws banning political solicitation, criticism of the Russian government, or promotion of homosexuality. They also require high-volume journals (with 3000 or more visitors per day) to conform to a \"draconian\" Russian media law requiring registration with the Russian government and banning anonymous or pseudonymous publication. It is no longer possible to prevent ads from appearing to other readers of a journal by paying for the journal; instead, advertisements are now shown on all LJ pages unless the person viewing the page has a paid account and is logged in. Professional accounts now have 100GB of disk available while Permanent accounts have 1TB available. Current pay as you go accounts have their duration extended by 50%
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# Modern Man (film)
***Modern Man*** is a 2006 experimental drama about one man's isolation and search for meaning. The film was directed, edited and photographed by Justin Swibel.
## Plot
The story takes place almost completely outdoors on a large estate. A man in his twenties inhabits the area, going about his daily upkeep of the property. In the final sequence, the young man plays piano, looks in a mirror with an air of satisfaction and showers with his clothes on.
## Public exhibition {#public_exhibition}
The film opened December 1, 2006 at Laemmle\'s Sunset 5 theater in Los Angeles, CA. The film opened April 13, 2007 in New York City at City Cinemas\' Village East theater.
## Production
The film features a soundscape created by sound designer Sean Garnhart (Ice Age, Robots). No production audio was recorded; the sound was created completely in post production using ADR, Foley, and location audio recording
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# List of radio stations in Germany
This **list of radio stations in Germany** lists all radio stations broadcast in Germany, sorted first by legal status, then by area. Excluded from this list are Internet-only and cable-only radio stations.
The abbreviations LW, MW, SW, FM, DVB-S, DVB-T, DAB and DRM indicate the systems the radio station uses for broadcasting.
## Public radio stations {#public_radio_stations}
### National radio stations {#national_radio_stations}
- Deutschlandfunk (FM, DAB, DVB-S, internet)
- Deutschlandfunk Kultur (FM, DAB, DVB-S, internet)
- Deutsche Welle (DVB-S)
- Dokumente und Debatten (DVB-S, DAB, internet)
- Deutschlandfunk Nova (DAB, DVB-S, internet)
### Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR) {#bayerischer_rundfunk_br}
- Bayern 1 (FM, DAB, DVB-S, DVB-C, Internet)
- Bayern 2 (FM, DAB, DVB-S, DVB-C, Internet)
- Bayern 3 (FM, DAB, DVB-S, DVB-C, Internet)
- BR-Klassik (FM, DAB, DVB-S, DVB-C, Internet)
- BR24 (FM, DAB, DVB-S, DVB-C, Internet)
- BR24live (DAB, DVB-S, DVB-C, Internet)
- BR Heimat (DAB, DVB-S, DVB-C, Internet)
- BR Schlager (DAB, DVB-S)
- BR Verkehr (DAB)
- Puls (DAB, DVB-S, DVB-C, Internet)
### Hessischer Rundfunk (hr) {#hessischer_rundfunk_hr}
- hr1 (FM, DAB+, DVB-C, DVB-S, Internet)
- hr2-kultur (FM, DAB+, DVB-C, DVB-S, Internet)
- hr3 (FM, DAB+, DVB-C, DVB-S, Internet)
- hr4 (FM, DAB+, DVB-C, DVB-S, Internet)
- hr4 Mitte
- hr4 Nord
- hr4 Rhein-Main
- hr-info (FM, DAB+, DVB-C, DVB-S, Internet)
- You FM (FM, DAB+, DVB-C, DVB-S, Internet)
### Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (MDR) {#mitteldeutscher_rundfunk_mdr}
- MDR
- MDR Sachsen (FM, DVB-S)
- MDR Sachsen-Anhalt (FM, DVB-S)
- MDR Thüringen (FM, DVB-S)
- MDR Aktuell (FM, DAB+, DVB-S)
- MDR Jump (FM, DVB-S)
- MDR Klassik (DAB)
- MDR Kultur (FM, DVB-S)
- MDR Schlagerwelt (DAB)
- MDR Sputnik (FM, DAB, DVB-S)
- MDR Tweens (DAB+)
- Sorbischer Rundfunk (FM)
### Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR) {#norddeutscher_rundfunk_ndr}
- NDR 1:
- NDR 1 Niedersachsen (FM, DAB, DVB-S)
- NDR 1 Radio MV (FM, DAB, DVB-S)
- NDR 1 Welle Nord (FM, DAB, DVB-S)
- NDR 90,3 (Hamburg) (FM, DAB, DVB)
- NDR 2 (FM, DVB-S)
- NDR Blue (DAB, DVB-S)
- NDR Info (FM, DAB, DVB-S)
- NDR Info Spezial (DVB-S)
- NDR Kultur (FM, DVB-S)
- N-JOY (FM, DVB-S)
- NDR Schlager (DAB)
### Radio Bremen (RB) {#radio_bremen_rb}
- Bremen Eins (FM, DAB+, DVB-C, DVB-S, Internet)
- Bremen Zwei (FM, DAB+, DVB-C, DVB-S, Internet)
- Bremen Next (FM, DAB+, DVB-C, DVB-S, Internet)
- Bremen Vier (FM, DAB+, DVB-C, DVB-S, Internet)
- Bremen Fünf/NDR Info (FM, DAB+)
- Bremen Cosmo (FM, DAB+, DVB-C, DVB-S, Internet)
### Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg (rbb) {#rundfunk_berlin_brandenburg_rbb}
- Antenne Brandenburg (FM, DAB+, DVB-S)
- COSMO (FM, DAB+, DVB-S)
- Fritz (FM, DAB+, DVB-S)
- radioeins (FM, DAB+, DVB-S)
- radio 3 (FM, DAB+, DVB-S)
- rbb24 Inforadio (FM, DAB+, DVB-S)
- rbb 88,8 (FM, DAB+, DVB-S)
- Sorbischer Rundfunk (FM)
### Saarländischer Rundfunk (SR) {#saarländischer_rundfunk_sr}
- Antenne Saar (DAB)
- SR 1 (FM, DAB, DVB-S)
- SR 3 Saarlandwelle (FM, DAB, DVB-S)
- SR Kultur (FM, DAB, DVB-S)
- UNSER DING (FM, DAB)
### Südwestrundfunk (SWR) {#südwestrundfunk_swr}
- DASDING (FM, DAB, DVB-S, DAB+, Internet)
- SWR1:
- SWR1 Baden-Württemberg (FM, DAB, DVB-S)
- SWR1 Rheinland-Pfalz (FM, DAB, DVB-S)
- SWR3 (FM, DAB, DVB-S)
- SWR4:
- SWR4 Baden-Württemberg (FM, DVB-S)
- SWR4 Rheinland-Pfalz (FM, DAB, DVB-S)
- SWR Aktuell (FM, DAB, DVB-S)
- SWR Kultur (FM, DAB, DVB-S)
### Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR) {#westdeutscher_rundfunk_wdr}
- 1LIVE (FM, DAB+, DVB-S, internet)
- 1LIVE diggi (DAB+, DVB-S, internet)
- COSMO (FM, DAB+, DVB, internet)
- WDR 2 (FM, DAB+, DVB-S, internet)
- WDR 3 (FM, DAB+, DVB-S, internet)
- WDR 4 (FM, DAB+, DVB-S, internet)
- WDR 5 (FM, DAB+, DVB-S, internet)
- WDR Event (DAB+, DVB-S, internet)
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# List of radio stations in Germany
## Private radio stations {#private_radio_stations}
### Radio stations which broadcast in more than one state {#radio_stations_which_broadcast_in_more_than_one_state}
- 80s80s (DAB+, internet)
- 90s90s (DAB+, internet)
- Absolut Bella (DAB+, internet)
- Absolut Germany (DAB+, internet)
- Absolut Hot (DAB+, internet)
- Absolut Oldie Classics (DAB+, internet)
- Absolut Relax (DAB+, internet)
- Absolut Top (DAB+, internet)
- AIDA Radio (DAB+, internet)
- Beats Radio (DAB+, internet)
- Brillux Radio (DAB+)
- domradio (DVB-S, DAB)
- Energy Digital (DAB+)
- ERF Jess (FM, DVB-S, DAB+)
- ERF Plus (DAB+)
- Jam FM (FM, DVB-S, DVB-C)
- Klassik Radio (FM, DVB-S, DAB+, internet)
- Oldie Antenne (DAB+)
- Radio Aktiv-FM (DVB-S)
- Radio Bob (FM, DAB+)
- Radio Horeb (DVB-S, DVB-T, FM, DAB+)
- Radio Nostalgie (DAB+)
- Radio Neue Hoffnung (DVB-S)
- Radio Paloma (DVB-C, DAB+)
- Radio Schlagerparadies (DAB+)
- Radio Teddy (FM, DVB-S, DAB+)
- Rock Antenne (DAB+)
- RTL Radio (FM, DAB+, DVB-S, DVB-C)
- Schlager Radio (FM, DAB+, DVB-S)
- Schwarzwaldradio (FM, DAB+)
- sunshine live (FM, DVB-S, DVB-T, DAB+)
- Toggo Radio (DAB+, DVB-S)
### Baden-Württemberg {#baden_württemberg}
#### Areal radio stations {#areal_radio_stations}
- big FM, Stuttgart (FM, DAB +)
- Hit-Radio Antenne 1 (FM, DAB +)
- Radio 7 (FM, DAB +)
- Radio Regenbogen (FM, DAB +, DVB-S)
#### Local radio stations {#local_radio_stations}
- Baden FM (FM, DVB +)
- Die Neue 107.7 (FM, DAB +)
- Die neue Welle (FM, DAB +)
- Donau 3 FM (FM, DAB +)
- Hitradio Ohr (FM, DAB +)
- Hitradio MS One (FM)
- Radio Neckarburg (FM)
- Radio Seefunk (FM)
- Radio Ton (FM, DAB +)
- Regenbogen 2 (FM nur in Heilbronn/Odenwald/Rhein-Neckar, DAB +)
#### Noncommercial radio stations {#noncommercial_radio_stations}
- Bermudafunk (FM)
- echo-fm 88,4 (FM)
- Freies Radio für Stuttgart (FM)
- Freies Radio Freudenstadt (FM)
- HoRadS (FM)
- Kanal Ratte, Schopfheim (FM)
- LernRadio, Karlsruhe (FM)
- Querfunk, Karlsruhe (FM)
- Radio Dreyeckland, Freiburg im Breisgau (FM)
- Radio freeFM, Ulm (FM)
- Radio StHörfunk, Schwäbisch Hall (FM)
- Wüste Welle, Tübingen (FM)
### Bavaria
#### Statewide
- Antenne Bayern (FM, DVB-S)
- Oldie Antenne (DAB+)
- Radio Galaxy (DAB, FM not statewide)
- Rock Antenne (DAB, DVB-S, FM not statewide)
- KULTRADIO (DAB, Internet)
- egoFM (FM not statewide, DVB-S)
#### Munich and surrounding areas {#munich_and_surrounding_areas}
- AFK M94.5 (FM)
- Be4 Classic Rock (DAB)
- Christliches Radio München (FM)
- egoFM (FM)
- Energy München (FM)
- LORA München (FM)
- Nova Radio (DAB)
- Radio 2Day (FM)
- Radio Arabella (FM)
- Radio Charivari (FM)
- Radio Deluxe (DAB)
- Radio Feierwerk (FM)
- Radio Gong 96,3 (FM)
- Radio Horeb (FM, DVB-S)
- Radio Opera (DAB)
- 106.4 Top FM (FM)
#### Nuremberg and surrounding areas {#nuremberg_and_surrounding_areas}
- AFK max (FM)
- Camillo 92,9 (FM)
- Charivari 98,6 (FM)
- Energy Nürnberg (FM, DAB)
- Fantasy Bayern (DAB)
- Gong 97,1 (FM)
- Hit Radio N1 (FM)
- Jazztime Nürnberg (FM)
- Pirate Radio (DAB)
- Pray 92,9 (FM)
- Radio AREF (FM)
- Radio F (FM)
- Radio Meilensteine
- Radio Z (FM)
- Star FM (FM)
- Truckradio (DAB)
- Vil Radio (FM, DAB)
#### Augsburg and surrounding areas {#augsburg_and_surrounding_areas}
- Fantasy Aktuell (DAB)
- Fantasy Bayern (DAB)
- hitradio.rt1 (FM)
- Radio Augsburg (DAB)
- Radio Fantasy (FM)
- Radio Kö (DAB)
- Smart Radio (DAB)
#### Würzburg and surrounding areas {#würzburg_and_surrounding_areas}
- 106,9 Radio Gong (FM)
- Radio Charivari Würzburg (FM)
- Radio Opera (FM)
#### Unterfranken (not including Würzburg) {#unterfranken_not_including_würzburg}
- Radio Primaton (FM)
- Radio Primavera (FM)
- Radio Galaxy - Aschaffenburg (FM)
#### Oberfranken
- extra radio (FM)
- Radio Bamberg (FM)
- Radio Eins (FM)
- Radio Euroherz (FM)
- Radio Galaxy (FM)
- Radio Mainwelle (FM)
- Radio Plassenburg (FM)
#### Mittelfranken (not including Nuremberg) {#mittelfranken_not_including_nuremberg}
- Radio 8 - Ansbach (FM)
- Radio Galaxy - Ansbach (FM)
#### Oberpfalz
- gong fm (FM)
- Radio Charivari Regensburg (FM)
- Radio Galaxy (FM)
- Radio Ramasuri (FM)
#### Niederbayern
- Radio AWN (FM)
- Radio Trausnitz (FM)
- Radio Galaxy (FM)
- unser Radio (Deggendorf) (FM)
- unser Radio (Passau) (FM)
- unser Radio (Regen) (FM)
#### Schwaben (not including Augsburg) {#schwaben_not_including_augsburg}
- Donau 3 FM (FM)
- Radio 30plus (FM)
- Radio Galaxy (FM)
- RSA-Radio Ostallgäu (FM)
- RT. 1 Südschwaben (FM)
- Das Neue RSA-Radio (FM)
- RT.1 Nordschwaben (FM)
#### Oberbayern (not including Munich) {#oberbayern_not_including_munich}
- Ensemble am Chiemsee (FM)
- Inn-Salzach-Welle (FM)
- Radio Alpenwelle (FM)
- Radio Charivari Rosenheim (FM)
- Radio Chiemgau (FM)
- Radio Hitwelle (FM)
- Radio Galaxy (FM)
- Radio IN (FM)
- Radio Oberland (FM)
- Radio Regenbogen (FM)
- 106.4 Top FM (FM)
- Untersberg live (FM)
### Berlin and Brandenburg {#berlin_and_brandenburg}
- BB Radio (FM)
- Berliner Rundfunk 91,4 (FM)
- Elsterwelle (FM)
- ENERGY Berlin (FM)
- 100,6 Flux FM (FM)
- HitRadio SKW (FM)
- JAM FM (FM, DVB-C)
- JazzRadio Berlin (FM)
- 98.8 Kiss FM (FM, DAB+)
- Metropol FM (FM, DVB-C)
- KCRW Berlin (FM)
- Power Radio (FM)
- Radio B2 (FM, DAB+)
- 94.5 Radio Cottbus (FM)
- Radio Paloma (DAB+, DVB-C)
- Radio Paradiso (FM)
- Radio Russkij Berlin (FM)
- Radio Teddy (FM)
- 104.6 RTL (FM, DVB-T)
- 94,3 rs2 (FM)
- 105\'5 Spreeradio (FM, DVB-T)
- Star FM (FM)
- the wave (DVB-T)
| 904 |
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| 1 |
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# List of radio stations in Germany
## Private radio stations {#private_radio_stations}
### Bremen
- Energy Bremen (FM)
### Hamburg
- Alsterradio (FM)
- Energy Hamburg (FM)
- Oldie 95 (FM)
- Radio Hamburg (FM)
### Hesse
- ERF Jess (FM, DVB-S)
- harmony.fm (FM, DVB-S)
- Hit Radio FFH (FM, DVB-S)
- Main FM (FM)
- planet more music radio (FM, DVB-S)
- Radio Bob (FM)
### Lower Saxony {#lower_saxony}
- BBC - British Broadcasting Services (FM)
- ffn (FM)
- Hit-Radio Antenne (FM)
### Northrhine-Westphalia {#northrhine_westphalia}
#### Local radio stations {#local_radio_stations_1}
- 107.8 Antenne AC (FM)
- Antenne Düsseldorf (FM)
- Antenne Münster (FM)
- Antenne Niederrhein (FM)
- Antenne Unna (FM)
- Hellweg Radio (FM)
- Hit Radio Vest (FM)
- NE-WS 89.4 (FM)
- Radio Emscher Lippe (FM)
- Radio Aachen (FM)
- Radio 90,1 Mönchengladbach (FM)
- Radio 91.2 (FM)
- Radio Berg (FM)
- Radio Bielefeld (FM)
- 98.5 Radio Bochum (FM)
- Radio Bonn/Rhein-Sieg (FM)
- Radio Duisburg (FM)
- Radio en (FM)
- Radio Erft (FM)
- Radio Essen (FM)
- Radio Gütersloh (FM)
- 107.7 Radio Hagen (FM)
- 94.9 Radio Herford (FM)
- Radio Herne 90acht (FM)
- Radio Hochstift (FM)
- Radio Kiepenkerl (FM)
- Radio Köln (FM)
- Radio K.W. (FM)
- Radio Leverkusen (FM)
- Radio Lippe (FM)
- Radio Lippewelle Hamm (FM)
- Radio MK, Iserlohn (FM)
- 92.9 Radio Mülheim (FM)
- Radio Neandertal (FM)
- Welle Niederrhein (FM)
- 106.2 Radio Oberhausen (FM)
- Radio RSG (FM))
- radio RST (FM)
- Radio Rur (FM)
- Radio Sauerland (FM)
- Radio Siegen (FM)
- Radio WAF (FM)
- Radio Westfalica (FM)
- Radio WMW (FM)
- Radio Wuppertal (FM)
#### Others
- Antenne Bethel (FM)
- Radio 30 plus (FM)
- Radio 700 (FM, SW)
- teutoRADIO plus (FM)
### Mecklenburg-Vorpommern {#mecklenburg_vorpommern}
- 103.3 Radio FDZ (FM)
- Antenne Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (FM)
- LOHRO
- Ostseewelle (FM)
### Rhineland-Palatinate {#rhineland_palatinate}
#### Statewide radio stations {#statewide_radio_stations}
- big FM (FM)
- Radio RPR (FM)
- Rockland Radio (FM)
- RTL Radio (FM)
#### Local radio stations {#local_radio_stations_2}
- Antenne 98.0 (FM)
- Antenne West (FM)
- Metropol FM (FM)
- Radio Quer (FM)
- Studio Nahe (FM)
- Radio Idar-Oberstein (FM)
- Radio Pirmasens (FM)
- Antenne Bad Kreuznach (FM)
- Antenne Kaiserslautern (FM)
- Antenne Pfalz (FM)
- Antenne Landau (FM)
### Saarland
- Antenne West (FM, DAB)
- big FM Saarland (FM, DAB)
- Classic Rock Radio (FM, DAB)
- Radyo Metropol FM (DAB)
- Radio 99,6 (FM)
- Radio Salü (FM, DAB)
- roadRadio (DAB)
- Rockland Radio (DAB)
- RTL Radio (FM)
### Saxony
#### Statewide radio stations {#statewide_radio_stations_1}
- apollo radio (FM)
- Energy Sachsen (FM)
- Hitradio RTL (FM)
- Radio PSR (FM)
- R.SA (FM)
#### Local radio stations {#local_radio_stations_3}
- Elsterwelle (FM)
- Radio Chemnitz (FM)
- Radio Dresden (FM)
- Radio Erzgebirge (FM)
- Radio Erzgebirge 107,7(FM)
- Radio Lausitz (FM)
- Radio Leipzig (FM)
- Radio WSW (FM)
- Radio Zwickau (FM)
- SAEK (FM)
- Vogtlandradio (FM)
### Saxony-Anhalt {#saxony_anhalt}
- Radio Brocken (FM)
- Radio SAW (FM, DAB)
- Rockland Sachsen-Anhalt (FM)
- 89.0 RTL (FM)
### Schleswig-Holstein {#schleswig_holstein}
- delta radio (FM)
- Radio NORA (FM)
- R.SH (FM)
### Thuringia
- Antenne Thüringen (FM)
- Landeswelle Thüringen (FM)
- Radio TOP 40 (FM)
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# List of radio stations in Germany
## Community radio {#community_radio}
### Baden-Württemberg {#baden_württemberg_1}
- bermuda.funk (FM)
- Freies Radio Freudenstadt (FM)
- Freies Radio für Stuttgart (FM)
- helle welle (FM)
- Kanal Ratte (FM)
- Querfunk (FM)
- Radio Dreyeckland (FM)
- free FM (FM)
- Radio Kormista (FM)
- Radio StHörfunk (FM)
- Radio Wellenbrecher (FM)
- Wüste Welle (FM)
### Bavaria {#bavaria_1}
- Camillo 92,9 (FM)
- Christliches Radio München (FM)
- LORA München (FM)
- Pray 92,9 (FM)
- Radio AREF (FM)
- Radio Feierwerk (FM)
- Radio Horeb (FM)
- Radio Meilensteine (FM)
- Radio Z (FM)
### Berlin
- reboot.fm (FM)
- Offener Kanal Berlin (FM)
### Bremen {#bremen_1}
- Radio Weser.TV (FM)
### Hamburg {#hamburg_1}
- Freies Sender Kombinat (FM)
- Tide 96,0 (FM)
### Hesse {#hesse_1}
- Freies Radio Kassel (FM)
- Radio Darmstadt (FM)
- Radio Rheinwelle (FM)
- Radio Rüsselsheim (FM)
- Radio Unerhört Marburg (FM)
- Radio X (FM)
- RundFunk Meißner (FM)
### Mecklenburg-Vorpommern {#mecklenburg_vorpommern_1}
- LOHRO (FM)
- NB-Radiotreff 88.0 (FM)
- radio 98eins (FM)
- Welle Kummerower See (FM)
### Lower Saxony {#lower_saxony_1}
- Oldenburg eins (FM)
- osradio (FM)
- radio aktiv (FM)
- Radio Flora (FM)
- Radio Jade (FM)
- Radio Marabu (FM)
- Radio Okerwelle (FM)
- Radio Ostfriesland (FM)
- Radio Tonkuhle (FM)
- Radio Umland (FM)
- radioWSM (FM)
- Radio ZuSa (FM)
- StadtRadio Göttingen (FM)
- Sturmwellensender (FM)
### Northrhine-Westphalia {#northrhine_westphalia_1}
- AJZ-Radiogruppe (FM)
- Antenne Bethel (FM)
- Bootbox Bielefeld (FM)
- Bürgerfunk im Bergischen Land (FM)
- Düsselwelle (FM)
- Freies Radio Paderborn (FM)
- Radio Joystick (FM)
- Radio MikroWelle (FM)
- Medienforum Münster (FM)
- Neue Essener Welle (FM)
- Radio Rosa Rauschen (FM)
### Saxony {#saxony_1}
- 99drei Radio Mittweida (FM)
- coloRadio (FM)
- mephisto 97.6 (FM)
- Radio Blau (FM)
- Radio T (FM)
### Saxony-Anhalt {#saxony_anhalt_1}
- Radio Corax (FM)
- Radio HBW (FM)
- Freies Radio Naumburg (FM)
### Schleswig-Holstein {#schleswig_holstein_1}
- Freie RadioCooperative (FM)
- Offener Kanal Kiel/ Kiel FM (FM)
- Offener Kanal Lübeck (FM)
- Offener Kanal Westküste (FM)
### Thuringia {#thuringia_1}
- Radio F.R.E.I. (FM)
- Radio FunSWerk (FM)
- Radio hsf (FM)
- Radio Jena (FM)
- Radio Lotte (FM)
- Offener Kanal Nordhausen (FM)
- MAX-FM (FM)
- Wartburg-Radio (FM)
## Campus radio {#campus_radio}
### Baden-Württemberg {#baden_württemberg_2}
- HoRadS, Stuttgart (FM)
- RadioAktiv, Mannheim und Heidelberg (FM)
- Radio Fri, Karlsruhe (FM)
### Bavaria {#bavaria_2}
- AFK M94.5 (FM)
- AFK max (FM)
- bit eXpress (DRM, DVB-H, DVB-T)
- FH-Campus Radio (DRM)
- Kanal C (FM)
### Berlin and Brandenburg {#berlin_and_brandenburg_1}
- UniRadio Berlin-Brandenburg (FM)
### Northrhine-Westphalia {#northrhine_westphalia_2}
- CampusFM (FM)
- CT das radio (FM)
- eldoradio\* (FM)
- Hertz 87,9 (FM)
- Hochschulradio Aachen (FM)
- Hochschulradio Düsseldorf (FM)
- Kölncampus (FM)
- Radio 96,8 (FM)
- Radio Q (FM)
- Radio Triquency (FM)
### Rhineland-Palatinate {#rhineland_palatinate_1}
- Radio SRRP (also: *Schulradio Rheinland-Pfalz*)
### Saxony {#saxony_2}
- 99drei Radio Mittweida (FM)
- mephisto 97.6 (FM)
## Radio stations of armed forces in Germany {#radio_stations_of_armed_forces_in_germany}
- American Forces Network (MW, FM, internet)
- British Forces Broadcasting Service (FM, internet)
- Radio Forces Françaises de Berlin (FM)
## Foreign radio stations broadcast in Germany {#foreign_radio_stations_broadcast_in_germany}
- BBC World Service (FM)
- National Public Radio (FM)
- Radio France Internationale (FM)
- Radio Free Europe (SW)
- (RadioRFM Home of African Music) www.cradior
| 571 |
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# Mobile intensive care ambulance
Australian **mobile intensive care ambulances** (MICA) are well-equipped ambulances staffed by highly trained paramedics dispatched to emergency situations where patients require a higher level of care than a regular ambulance can provide.
## MICA paramedics {#mica_paramedics}
MICA paramedics are extremely highly trained and experienced medical professionals. As with all Australian and New Zealand paramedics they hold either an advanced diploma of health science (paramedic) (which can be converted to a degree level by off-campus studies), or other recognised bachelor\'s degree, and then do extra study to the MICA level.
MICA paramedics must also complete a graduate diploma in emergency healthcare. This requires concurrent employment with ambulance services in a clinical role and at least two years post-qualification experience as a paramedic in the service. While also working as a paramedic the student must complete a year's worth of course work on advance emergency health. Paramedics may also choose to complete a Masters in Emergency Health (paramedic). However, this focuses more on research, emergency services management and community health rather than frontline clinical care.
Working as a paramedic, whether it be MICA or ALS (advanced life support), can be extremely emotionally taxing.
## Equipment
During the course of a day\'s work, paramedics will go through a lot of medical supplies to treat a variety of injuries and illnesses. Standard equipment that paramedics use include:
- Defibrillator / monitor with non-invasive monitoring and 12-lead telemetry
- Oxygen therapy - re-breathing circuit
- Advanced airway management set
- Suction kit
- Spinal collars
- Spine board
- Inflatable splints
- Collapsible wheelchair
- Medical kits
- Drugs
- Blood pressure cuff (sphygmometer)
- Pulse oximeter
- Scoop stretcher
MICA paramedics may also use:
- Capnograph
- Pneumocath
- Intraosseous kit
- Advanced drugs including inotropes, antiarrhythmics, sedatives and neuromuscular blockers
- Syringe pumps
- Cold intravenous fluids to induce hypothermia
## Vehicles
MICA paramedics crew a range of vehicles depending on their mission.
## Ambulance Victoria {#ambulance_victoria}
In Victoria, MICA Paramedic teams are equipped with modified versions of the Mercedes Benz Sprinter. In the metropolitan area of Melbourne, the changes from the models used by advanced life support (ALS) paramedic Team are to accommodate equipment unique to MICA. In Regional Victoria, the same Mercedes Sprinter is used whether it be as a MICA or an ALS vehicle. Often an ALS and a MICA paramedic work as a rostered crew (PRU).
In addition to 2-paramedic crew MICA ambulance, a number of MICA single responder units (SRU) are located within central metropolitan areas and regional areas. MICA single responders are equipped with a range of vehicles including Holden Adventra 4WD wagons and Ford Territory vehicles.
In rural and regional settings, time sensitive patients are treated and transported either by advanced life support paramedics (ALS) and/or mobile intensive care paramedics with support by helicopter based MICA paramedics. MICA paramedics often are requested to support ALS paramedics when dealing with a sick patient as a \'back-up\' crew.
CSO (Clinical Support Officer), who provide additional support to ALS crews, are also often MICA trained.
## Ambulance Services New South Wales {#ambulance_services_new_south_wales}
In addition to the primary response vehicles above, the NSW Service also operates specialised vehicles that have been designed to meet geographical and operational requirements, including:
Rescue trucks: Ambulance rescue vehicles are equipped with a vast array of equipment including motorised hydraulic tools, air tools, hand held global positioning satellite units, fibre optic search scopes, portable atmospheric testing units, lighting and breathing apparatus.
```{=html}
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```
Rapid response vehicles: Seven Subaru Forrester AWD vehicles and two BMW motorbikes make up the current rapid response fleet. All vehicles have distinctive signage, high visibility warning lights and sirens. Subaru Forresters are also equipped with an advanced satellite navigation system.
```{=html}
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```
Over-snow vehicles: Its fleet of vehicles at Perisher Valley Station include a Haaglund all-terrain vehicle, a Kassborher oversnow vehicle, two Yamaha snowmobiles, a 4WD Quad Bike and trailer and a 4WD Mercedes.
```{=html}
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```
Mega lift trucks: These multi-purpose vehicles are used for a range of incidents including chemical, biological and radiological (CBR) incidents.
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
Command and communications vehicle: This vehicle serves as a mobile command post for the management of incidents and major planned events. Wirelessly connected to the ambulance wide area network it offers video conferencing, SmartBoard and voice communications. The vehicle also provides remote dispatching capability with the system connected in real time to the central computer aided dispatching system
| 748 |
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| 0 |
11,030,945 |
# Limit comparison test
In mathematics, the **limit comparison test (LCT)** (in contrast with the related direct comparison test) is a method of testing for the convergence of an infinite series.
## Statement
Suppose that we have two series $\Sigma_n a_n$ and $\Sigma_n b_n$ with $a_n\geq 0, b_n > 0$ for all $n$. Then if $\lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{a_n}{b_n} = c$ with $0 < c < \infty$, then either both series converge or both series diverge.
## Proof
Because $\lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{a_n}{b_n} = c$ we know that for every $\varepsilon > 0$ there is a positive integer $n_0$ such that for all $n \geq n_0$ we have that $\left| \frac{a_n}{b_n} - c \right| < \varepsilon$, or equivalently
: $- \varepsilon < \frac{a_n}{b_n} - c < \varepsilon$
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
: $c - \varepsilon < \frac{a_n}{b_n} < c + \varepsilon$
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
: $(c - \varepsilon)b_n < a_n < (c + \varepsilon)b_n$
As $c > 0$ we can choose $\varepsilon$ to be sufficiently small such that $c-\varepsilon$ is positive. So $b_n < \frac{1}{c-\varepsilon} a_n$ and by the direct comparison test, if $\sum_n a_n$ converges then so does $\sum_n b_n$.
Similarly $a_n < (c + \varepsilon)b_n$, so if $\sum_n a_n$ diverges, again by the direct comparison test, so does $\sum_n b_n$.
That is, both series converge or both series diverge.
## Example
We want to determine if the series $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n^2 + 2n}$ converges. For this we compare it with the convergent series $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n^2} = \frac{\pi^2}{6}$
As $\lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{1}{n^2 + 2n} \frac{n^2}{1} = 1 > 0$ we have that the original series also converges.
## One-sided version {#one_sided_version}
One can state a one-sided comparison test by using limit superior. Let $a_n, b_n \geq 0$ for all $n$. Then if $\limsup_{n \to \infty} \frac{a_n}{b_n} = c$ with $0 \leq c < \infty$ and $\Sigma_n b_n$ converges, necessarily $\Sigma_n a_n$ converges.
## Example {#example_1}
Let $a_n = \frac{1-(-1)^n}{n^2}$ and $b_n = \frac{1}{n^2}$ for all natural numbers $n$. Now $\lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{a_n}{b_n} = \lim_{n\to\infty}(1-(-1)^n)$ does not exist, so we cannot apply the standard comparison test. However, $\limsup_{n\to\infty} \frac{a_n}{b_n} = \limsup_{n\to\infty}(1-(-1)^n) =2\in [0,\infty)$ and since $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n^2}$ converges, the one-sided comparison test implies that $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1-(-1)^n}{n^2}$ converges.
## Converse of the one-sided comparison test {#converse_of_the_one_sided_comparison_test}
Let $a_n, b_n \geq 0$ for all $n$. If $\Sigma_n a_n$ diverges and $\Sigma_n b_n$ converges, then necessarily $\limsup_{n\to\infty} \frac{a_n}{b_n}=\infty$, that is, $\liminf_{n\to\infty} \frac{b_n}{a_n}= 0$. The essential content here is that in some sense the numbers $a_n$ are larger than the numbers $b_n$.
## Example {#example_2}
Let $f(z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}a_nz^n$ be analytic in the unit disc $D = \{ z\in\mathbb{C} : |z|<1\}$ and have image of finite area. By Parseval\'s formula the area of the image of $f$ is proportional to $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} n|a_n|^2$. Moreover, $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 1/n$ diverges. Therefore, by the converse of the comparison test, we have $\liminf_{n\to\infty} \frac{n|a_n|^2}{1/n}= \liminf_{n\to\infty} (n|a_n|)^2 = 0$, that is, $\liminf_{n\to\infty} n|a_n| = 0$
| 481 |
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| 0 |
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# Armadillo Peak
**Armadillo Peak** is a 7.5-million-year-old caldera, located about 3 km north of Bourgeaux Creek and northeast of Raspberry Pass, British Columbia, Canada. It is south of Mount Edziza and is overlapped by the Ice Peak central volcano, which was formed during the early Pleistocene. Its caldera is largely destroyed by glaciers. It is part of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex, which is made of basaltic lava flows
| 70 |
Armadillo Peak
| 0 |
11,030,993 |
# Abaniko
Abanico}} An **abaniko** (from the Spanish word *abanico*, \"fan\") is a type of hand fan from the Philippines.
## Description
The abaniko is common accessory for the baro\'t saya, the traditional ladies' attire. Various ways of using and holding the abaniko may convey different meanings. For example, an open abaniko that covers the chest area is a sign of modesty, while rapid fan movements express the lady\'s displeasure.
Abaniko is sometimes referred to as *pamaypáy*, though the term actually refers to the non-folding, native hand fan of woven buri or anahaw leaves.
## In sport {#in_sport}
*Abaniko* is the term for a striking blow in the martial art of Eskrima that resembles a fanning motion. It is executed with a single *bastón* (hardwood or rattan stick)
| 128 |
Abaniko
| 0 |
11,031,009 |
# List of radio stations in Hungary
Hungary uses the FM band for commercial and public broadcasting, plus the AM band for the main state radio station and state-run ethnic programs. There are three types of licences defined in the media law: public service, commercial and community, although they do not necessarily correspond to the everyday meanings of these terms.
Types of radio stations defined by the Hungarian media authority are as follows: public service, national commercial, regional, local, small community.
Internet-only stations are not included in this list (except the state-run parliamentary channel).
## Active radio stations {#active_radio_stations}
Data in this page are from the National Authority database cited above.
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Station Name | Seat | **Frequency** | **Owner** | Network | Licence | Type (actual) | Format |
+===================================+===================+=============================+====================================================+========================+=====================+===========================+==============================================+
| Retro Rádió | Budapest | FM network | Hold Rádiós és Televíziós Reklám Kft. | Yes | National commercial | Thematic Commercial | Oldie-based AC (70s-2000s) |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Inforádió | Budapest | Budapest 88,1 | Inforádió Kft. | | Community | Thematic Commercial | All-news |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Klubrádió | Budapest | Budapest 92,9 | Klubrádió Zrt. | | Community | Thematic Commercial | Left-wing Talk |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Karc FM | Budapest | Budapest 105,9 MHz\ | Karc FM Média Kft. | | Community | Thematic Commercial | Right-wing talk |
| | | Székesfehérvár 106,6 MHz\ | | | | | |
| | | Tatabánya 107,0 MHz\ | | | | | |
| | | Dunaújváros 99,1 MHz\ | | | | | |
| | | Balatonfüred 96,2 MHz\ | | | | | |
| | | Győr 88,1 MHz\ | | | | | |
| | | Kaposvár 97,5 MHz | | | | | |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Tilos Rádió | Budapest | Budapest 90,3 | Tilos Kulturális Alapítvány | | Community | Community | Freeform variety |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Trend FM | Budapest | Budapest 94,2 | Műsor-Hang Zrt. | | Community | Thematic Commercial | Economy news |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Sláger FM | Budapest | Budapest 95,8 | Favorit Masters Kft. | | Commercial | Thematic Commercial | Modern AC |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Klasszik Rádió | Budapest | Budapest 92,1 | Aerial Rádió Műsorszóró Kft. | | Community | Thematic Commercial | Classical |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Mária Rádió | Budapest | Budapest 88,8 MHz\ | FM 4 Rádió Szolgáltató Kft. | Mária Rádió | Community | Religious | Catholic prayers and talk |
| | | Göd 97,3 MHz\ | | | | | |
| | | Törökbálint 97,6 MHz | | | | | |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 96.4 Rádió 1 | Budapest | Budapest 96,4 MHz | Radio Plus Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network Commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Manna FM | Budapest | Budapest 98,6 | Manna Vision Media Kft. | | Community | AC | |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 90,9 JAZZY RÁDIÓ | Budapest | Budapest 90,9 | MAGYAR JAZZ RÁDIÓ Kft. | | Community | Thematic Commercial | jazz |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| BEST FM | Budapest | Budapest 99,5 | Best Radio Kft. | Best FM | Commercial | Commercial | AC (90s-00s) |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Szent István Rádió | Eger | Eger 91,8 MHz\ | Magyar Katolikus Rádió Alapítvány | | Community | Religious | Catholic full service |
| | | Miskolc 95,1 MHz\ | | | | | |
| | | Gyöngyös 102,2 MHz\ | | | | | |
| | | Hatvan 94,0 MHz\ | | | | | |
| | | Encs 95,4 MHz\ | | | | | |
| | | Sátoraljaújhely 90,6 MHz | | | | | |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Rádió M | Miskolc | Miskolc 101,6 MHz\ | Média Centrum Kft. | | Commercial | Local commercial | Hot AC |
| | | Kazincbarcika 95,9 MHz\ | | | | | |
| | | Ózd 99,5 MHz\ | | | | | |
| | | Tiszaújváros 89,6 MHz | | | | | |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 96,3 Rádió 1 | Miskolc | Miskolc 96,3 | M-Lite Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network Commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Csillagpont Rádió | Miskolc | Miskolc 103,0 | Csillagpont Rádió Alapítvány | | Community | Local community | Mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Európa Rádió 94,4 | Miskolc | Miskolc 94,4 | \"EURÓPA RÁDIÓ\" Nonprofit Közhasznú Kft. | Európa Rádió | Community | Religious | Calvinist talk |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Európa Rádió 100,5 | Nyíregyháza | Nyíregyháza 100,5 | \"EURÓPA RÁDIÓ\" Nonprofit Közhasznú Kft. | Európa Rádió | Community | Religious | Calvinist talk |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 101,7 Best FM | Pécs | Pécs 101,7 | P1 Rádió Kft. | Best FM | Commercial | Local Commercual | Hot AC |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Karc FM 94,6 | Pécs | Pécs 94,6 | Karc FM Média Kft. | Karc FM | Community | Thematic Commercial | Right-wing talk |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Magyar Katolikus Rádió | Budapest | Semi-National network | Magyar Katolikus Rádió Zrt | | Community | Religious | Catholic full service |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Forrás Rádió | Tatabánya | Tatabánya 97,8 MHz\ | Turul Média Kft. | | Commercial | Local commercial | CHR |
| | | Komárom 90,5 MHz\ | | | | | |
| | | Esztergom 98,1 MHz | | | | | |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Karc FM 88,3 | Zalaegerszeg | Zalaegerszeg 88,3 MHz\ | Lánchíd Rádió Kft. | Karc FM | Community | Thematic commercial | Right-wing talk |
| | | Szombathely 97,1 MHz | | | | | |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Mária Rádió Bakony | Ajka | Ajka 93,2 MHz\ | Magyarországi Mária Rádió Közhasznú Alapítvány | Mária Rádió | Community | Religious | Catholic prayer and talk and religious music |
| | | Várpalota 90,0 MHz | | | | | |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Bajai Rádió | Baja | Baja 89,8 MHz | Baja Hangja Kft. | | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 94,3 Rádió 1 | Baja | Baja 94,3 MHz | ALISCA NETWORK Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Megafon | Balassagyarmat | Balassagyarmat 95,7 MHz | Megafon Rádió Kft. | | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Dráva Hullám 102.7 | Barcs | Barcs 102,7 MHz | Lokátor Hírműhely Kft. | | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| CSABA RÁDIÓ | Békéscsaba | Békéscsaba 88,9 MHz | INTERAX Kft. | | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 98.4 Mega Rádió | Békéscsaba | Békéscsaba 98,4 MHz | TELEKOM BÉKÉS Kft. | \+ | Commercial | Local commercial | AC |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 104,0 Rádió 1 | Békéscsaba | Békéscsaba 104,0 MHz | Csaba Plus Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| SOLA RÁDIÓ | Budapest | Budapest 101,6 MHz | FONTANA MÉDIA Kft. | | Community | Religious | Religious talk and music |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Cegléd Rádió | Cegléd | Cegléd 92,5 MHz | Alföld Kapuja Rádió Kft. | | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Mária Rádió Cegléd | Cegléd | Cegléd 88,3 MHz | Mária Rádió Frekvencia Kft. | Mária Rádió | Community | Religious | Catholic prayers and talk |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Mária Rádió Celldömölk | Celldömölk | Celldömölk 92,5 MHz | Mária Rádió Frekvencia Kft. | Mária Rádió | Community | Religious | Catholic prayers and talk |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Rádió Dabas | Dabas | Dabas 93,4 MHz | Dabas Sportcsarnok Nonprofit Kft. | | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Magyar Katolikus Rádió 92,3 MHz | Debrecen | Debrecen 92,3 MHz | Magyar Katolikus Rádió Zrt. | Magyar Katolikus Rádió | Community | Religious | Catholic full service |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Európa Rádió 94,4 | Debrecen | Debrecen 94,4 MHz | \"EURÓPA RÁDIÓ\" Nonprofit Közhasznú Kft. | Európa Rádió | Community | Religious | Calvinist full service |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| FM90 Campus Rádió | Debrecen | Debrecen 90,0 MHz | Campus Rádió Nonprofit Kft. | | Community | Commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 104,6 - Best FM | Debrecen | Debrecen 104,6 MHz | Kredit Holding Kft. | Best FM | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| FM 95 − Rádió 1 Debrecen | Debrecen | Debrecen 95,0 MHz | Médiacentrum Debrecen Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 106,5 Rádió 1 | Dunaföldvár | Dunaföldvár 106,5 MHz | ALISCA NETWORK Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 93,1 Rádió 1 | Dunaújváros | Dunaújváros 93,1 MHz | Dunapart Rádió Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Rádió 24 | Dunaújváros | Dunaújváros 102,9 MHz | PENTAFON Kft. | | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 101,3 Rádió 1 | Eger | Eger 101,3 MHz | FW Műsorszolgáltató Kft | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 100,7 - BEST FM | Eger | Eger 100,7 MHz | FM7 Eger Kft | Best FM | Commercial | Local commercial | AC |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Mária Rádió Ibolya | Esztergom | Esztergom 97,4 MHz\ | Magyar Múzsa Kft. | Mária Rádió | Community | Religious | Catholic prayers and music |
| | | Piliscsaba 104,2 MHZ\ | | | | | |
| | | Dömös 104,9 MHz | | | | | |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Érd FM 101,3 | Érd | Érd 101,3 MHz | Érdi Városi Televízió és Kulturális Nonprofit Kft. | | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Rádió Som | Fehérgyarmat | Fehérgyarmat 99,5 MHz | Friends-Lan Kft. | | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 101,7 Rádió 1 | Gyöngyös | Gyöngyös 101,7 MHz\ | FM7 Heves Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
| | | Hatvan 87,9 MHz | | | | | |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 103,1 Rádió 1 | Győr | Győr 103,1 MHz | Lajta Rádió Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Győr Plusz Rádió | Győr | Győr 100,1 MHz | PluszRádió Nonprofit Kft. | | Commercial | Local commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 90.5 Gyula Rádió | Gyula | Gyula 90,5 MHz | TELEKOM BÉKÉS Kft. | \+ | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Hajdúsági Rádió 1 | Hajdúszoboszló | Hajdúböszörmény 98,9 MHz\ | LB Rádió Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
| | | Hajdúnánás 93,3 MHz\ | | | | | |
| | | Hajdúszoboszló 100,6 MHz\ | | | | | |
| | | Derecske 94,7 MH | | | | | |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Rádió 7 | Hódmezővásárhely | Hódmezővásárhely 97,6 MHz\ | Dél-alföldi Média Centrum Kft. | | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
| | | Makó 96,8 MHz\ | | | | | |
| | | Kistelek 107,0 MHz | | | | | |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| TRIÓ Rádió | Jászberény | Jászberény 97,7 MHz | TRIÓ Rádió Kft. | | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Korona FM 100 | Kalocsa | Kalocsa 100,0 MHz | Kalocsai Rádió Bt. | | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Rádió Most Kaposvár | Kaposvár | Kaposvár 91,2 MHz | Zselici Forrás Kft | | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 99,9 Rádió 1 | Kaposvár | Kaposvár 99,9 MHz | Rádió Somogy Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Magyar Katolikus Rádió 102,6 MHz | Kaposvár | Kaposvár 102,6 MHz | Magyar Katolikus Rádió Zrt. | Magyar Katolikus Rádió | Community | Religious | Catholic full service |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Rábaköz Rádió FM94,5 | Kapuvár | Kapuvár 94,5 MHz | Kapukom Kft. | | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Aktív Rádió 93,8 | Karcag | Karcag 93,8 MHz | \"VIACOM\" Kft. | \+ | Commercial | Local commercial | Hot AC |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Gong Rádió | Kecskemét | Kecskemét 96,5 MHz\ | GONG RÁDIÓ Kft. | | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
| | | Nagykőrös 93,6 MHz\ | | | | | |
| | | Gyömrő 97,2 MHz\ | | | | | |
| | | Csongrád 87,6 MHz\ | | | | | |
| | | Kecel 99,6 MHz\ | | | | | |
| | | Baja 88,7 MHz\ | | | | | |
| | | Solt 94,1 MHz | | | | | |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 99,4 Rádió 1 | Keszthely | Keszthely 99,4 MHz | LB Rádió Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Mária Rádió Helikon | Keszthely | Keszthely 93,4 MHz | Mária Rádió Frevencia Kft | Mária Rádió | Community | Religious | Catholic prayers and religious music |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Kunság Rádió | Kiskőrös | Kiskőrös 97,0 MHz | Kunság-Média Nonprofit Kft. | | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 91,1 Rádió 1 Sirius | Kiskunfélegyháza | Kiskunfélegyháza 91,1 MHz | FÉLEGYHÁZI HÍRLAP Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| HALAS RÁDIÓ | Kiskunhalas | Kiskunhalas 92,9 MHz | Halas Rádió Nonprofit Kft. | | Community | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 88,2 Rádió 1 | Kiskunmajsa | Kiskunmajsa 88,2 MHz | FÉLEGYHÁZI HÍRLAP Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Szent István Rádió - Kisújszállás | Kisújszállás | Kisújszállás 103,2 MHz\ | Magyar Katolikus Rádió Alapítvány | | Community | Religious | Catholic full service |
| | | Törökszentmiklós 96,4 MHz | | | | | |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Friss FM | Kisvárda | Kisvárda 93,4 MH | FRISS MÉDIA Kft. | | Community | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Mária Rádió Nefelejcs | Komárom | Komárom 88,3 MHz | Mária Rádió Frekvencia Kft. | Mária Rádió | Community | Religious | Catholic prayers and talk |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 99,4 Rádió 1 | Komló | Komló 99,4 MHz\ | Mambó Rádió Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network Commercial | CHR |
| | | Mohács 93,8 MHz | | | | | |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Körmend FM | Körmend | Körmend 99,8 MHz | Rádió 8 Körmend Kft | | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Mária Rádió Tulipán | Monor | Monor 106,3 MHz\ | Mária Rádió Frekvencia Kft. | Mária Rádió | Community | Religious | Catholic prayers and talk |
| | | Gyál 98,9 MHz\ | | | | | |
| | | Dabas 97,5 MHz | | | | | |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Mária Rádió Mór | Mór | Mór 92,9 MHz | Mária Rádió Frekvencia Kft. | Mária Rádió | Community | Religious | Catholic prayers and talk |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 95,6 Rádió 1 | Nagykanizsa | Nagykanizsa 95,6 MHz | dtm Media Hungary Kft | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 99,4 Sunshine FM | Nyíregyháza | Nyíregyháza 99,4 MHz | SUNSHINE RÁDIÓ Kft. | | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 103,9 Best FM | Nyíregyháza | Nyíregyháza 103,9 MHz | CENTER-RÁDIÓ Kft. | Best FM | Commercial | Local commercial | AC |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 91,1 Rádió 1 | Nyíregyháza | Nyíregyháza 91,1 MHz | Zenebolygó Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 90.2 Mega Rádió | Orosháza | Orosháza 90,2 MHz | \"A-tól Z-ig\" Bt. | \+ | Commercial | Local commercial | AC |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Magyar Katolikus Rádió 88,6 | Orosháza | Orosháza 88,6 MHz | Magyar Katolikus Rádió Zrt | Magyar Katolikus Rádió | Commercial | Religious | Catholic full service |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| PAKS FM | Paks | Paks 96,3 MHz | Paks FM Kft | | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 107,5 Rádió 1 | Paks | Paks 107,5 MHz | ALISCA NETWORK Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Mária Rádió Pápa | Pápa | Pápa 90,8 MHz | Mária Rádió Frekvencia Kft. | Mária Rádió | Community | Religious | Catholic prayers and talk |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Mária Rádió Rózsa | Pécel | Pécel 91,7 MHz | Mária Rádió Frekvencia Kft | Mária Rádió | Community | Religious | Catholic prayers and talk |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 90,6 RÁDIÓ 1 | Pécs | Pécs 90,6 MHz\ | Mambó Rádió Kft | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
| | | Villány 100,9 MHz | | | | | |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 100,4 Rádió 1 | Salgótarján | Salgótarján 100,4 MHz | Helyi Rádió Műsorszolgáltató Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Mária Rádió Sárvár | Sárvár | Sárvár 95,2 MHz | Mária Rádió Frekvencia Kft. | Mária Rádió | Community | Religious | Catholic prayers and talk |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Sárvár Rádió | Sárvár | Sárvár 96,5 MHz. | Sárvári Média Nonprofit Kft. | | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Európa Rádió FM 100,0 | Sátoraljaújhely | Sátoraljaújhely 100,0 MHz | EURÓPA RÁDIÓ\" Nonprofit Közhasznú Kft. | Európa Rádió | Commercial | Religious | Calvinist talk and music |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Rádió 1 Sopron 94,1 MHz | Sopron | Sopron 94,1 MHz | PANNON-SOPRON Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Rádió 88 | Szeged | Szeged 95,4 MHz | TELEKOM Kft. | | Commercial | Local commercial | Hot AC |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 87,9 Rádió 1 | Szeged | Szeged 87,9 MHz | SZEGRÓPA Műsorszolgáltató Nonprofit Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Karc FM 100.2 | Szeged | Szeged 100,2 MHz | Lánchíd Rádió Kft. | Karc FM | Community | Thematic Commercial | Right-wing talk |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 94.5 Rádió 1 | Székesfehérvár | Székesfehérvár 94,5 MHz | FEHÉRVÁR RÁDIÓ Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 101,8 BEST FM | Székesfehérvár | Székesfehérvár 101,8 MHz | VLNC FM Rádió Kft. | Best FM | Commercial | Local commercial | AC |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Vörösmarty Rádió | Székesfehérvár | Székesfehérvár 99,2 MHz | Fejér Megyei Önkormányzatok Kegyeleti Központ Kft. | | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Rádió Antritt | Szekszárd | Szekszárd 105,1 MHz | Rádió Antritt Kft. | | Commercial | Local commercial | Hot AC |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 91,1 Rádió 1 | Szekszárd | Szekszárd 91,1 MHz | ALISCA NETWORK Kft. | | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| RADIO MONOŠTER | Szentgotthárd | Szentgotthárd 106,6 MHz\ | Szlovén Rádió Közhasznú Nonprofit Kft. | | Community | Ethnic | Slovenian ethnic |
| | | Felsőszölnök 97,7 MHz | | | | | |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Lakihegy Rádió | Szigetszentmiklós | Szigetszentmiklós 107,0 MHz | Lakihegy Rádió Bt. | | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 90,4 Rádió 1 | Szolnok | Szolnok 90,4 MHz | LB Rádió Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| AKTÍV RÁDIÓ | Szolnok | Szolnok 92,2 MHz | \"VIACOM\" Kft | \+ | Commercial | Local commercial | Hot AC |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 102.4 Best FM | Szolnok | Szolnok 102,4 MHz | Amadeus Rádió Kft | Best FM | Commercial | Local commercial | AC |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 97,7 Rádió 1 | Szombathely | Szombathely 97,7 MHz | Vasi Friss Rádió Műsorszolg. Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Mária Rádió Savaria | Szombathely | Szombathely 88,4 MHz | Mária Rádió Frekvencia Kft. | | Community | Religious | Catholic talk and religious music |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Tamási Rádió | Tamási | Tamási 101,9 MHz | Tamási Rádió Kft | | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 96,7 Rádió 1 | Tatabánya | Tatabánya 96,7 MHz | LB Rádió Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Mária Rádió Zemplén | Telkibánya | Telkibánya 100,6 MHz | Médiahíd Kft. | Mária Rádió | Community | Religious | Catholic prayers and talk |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 88.7 MHz, 89.2 MHz Rádió 1 | Tiszafüred | Tiszafüred 88,7 MHz\ | Auris Média Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
| | | Abádszalók 89,2 MHz | | | | | |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| AKTÍV RÁDIÓ 102.2 | Tiszakécske | Tiszakécske 102,2 MHz | \"VIACOM\" Kft. | \+ | Commercial | Local commercial | Hot AC |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Szent István Rádió--Tokaj | Tokaj | Tokaj 101,8 MHz | Hegyalja Média Kft | Szent István R. | Community | Religious | Catholic full service |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Dunakanyar Rádió | Vác | Vác 94,1 MHz | Dunakanyar Rádió Kft. | | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 90,4 Rádió 1 | Velence | Velence 90,4 MHz | \"B & T\" Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 90,6 Rádió 1 | Veszprém | Veszprém 90,6 MHz | LB Rádió Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Mária Rádió Völgyhíd | Veszprém | Veszprém 95,1 MHz | FM 4 Rádió Szolgáltató Kft. | Mária Rádió | Community | Religious | Catholic prayers and talk |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Méz Rádió | Veszprém | Veszprém 103,1 MHz | Veszprém Rádió Kft. | | Commercial | Local commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 95,8 Rádió 1 | Zalaegerszeg | Zalaegerszeg 95,8 MHz | Rádió Zala Egyszemélyes Kft. | Rádió 1 | Commercial | Network commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| EGERSZEG RÁDIÓ | Zalaegerszeg | Zalaegerszeg 95,1 MHz | Zalaegerszegi Televízió és Rádió Kft. | | Commercial | Local commercial | CHR |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| 88,9 - Best FM | Zalaegerszeg | Zalaegerszeg 88,9 MHz | Zala LB Kft. | Best FM | Commercial | Commercial | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Pont Rádió | Mezőtúr | Mezőtúr 89,9 MHz | ACTOR INFORMATIKA ÉS NYOMDA Kft | | Small Community | Local | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| ALPHA RÁDIÓ | Székesfehérvár | Székesfehérvár 88,9 MHz | ALBA REGIA Műsorszolgáltató Kft. | | Small Community | Local | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Berettyó Rádió | Berettyóújfalu | Berettyóújfalu 97,9 MHz | Kogyilla Zsolt | | Small Community | Local | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Spirit FM | Budapest | Budapest 87,6 MHz | Közösségi Rádiózásért Egyesület | | Small Community | Thematic talk | Talk |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Mustár Rádió | Nyíregyháza | Nyíregyháza 89,6 MHz | Kulturális Életért Közhasznú Egyesület | | Small Community | Local | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| KARCAG FM | Karcag | Karcag 88,0 MHz | KUN-MÉDIA Kft. | | Small Community | Local | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Táska Rádió | Székesfehérvár | Székesfehérvár 97,5 MHz | Lánczos Kornél Gimnázium | | Small Community | Highschool | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| MaxiRádió | Gyöngyös | Gyöngyös 92,4 MHz | Mátra Média Kulturális Egyesület | | Small Community | Local | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Első Pesti Egyetemi Rádió | Budapest | Budapest 97,0 MHz | Media Universalis Alapítvány | | Small Community | University | Open university |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Rádió Szarvas | Szarvas | Szarvas 105,4 MHz | Mediorix Szolgáltató Bt. | | Small Community | Local | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| RÁDIÓ SMILE | Kiskunfélegyháza | Kiskunfélegyháza 89,9 MHz | Mosoly Média Kft. | | Small Community | Local | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| RÁDIÓ TÖRÖKSZENTMIKLÓS | Törökszentmiklós | Törökszentmiklós 89,6 MHz | RÁDIÓ HORIZONT Kft. | | Small Community | Local | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| BALATON RÁDIÓ | Siófok | Siófok 88,7 MHz | Balaton Rádió Kft. | | Small Community | Local | mix |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| CREDO RÁDIÓ | Szombathely | Szombathely 98,8 MHz | Szombathelyi Evangélikus Egyházközség | | Small Community | Religious | Evangelical talk and music |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Kossuth Rádió | Budapest | National FM + AM network | Duna Médiaszolgáltató Nonprofit Zrt. | | Public service | State-run govt controlled | Full service talk |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Petőfi Rádió | Budapest | National FM network | Duna Médiaszolgáltató Nonprofit Zrt. | | Public service | State-run govt controlled | Pop music / Youth program |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Bartók Rádió | Budapest | National FM natwork | Duna Médiaszolgáltató Nonprofit Zrt. | | Public service | State-run govt controlled | Classical music |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Dankó Rádió | Budapest | National FM + AM network | Duna Médiaszolgáltató Nonprofit Zrt. | | Public service | State-run govt controlled | Folk, operetta and pop-folk |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Nemzetiségi Rádió | Budapest | National AM network | Duna Médiaszolgáltató Nonprofit Zrt. | | Public service | State-run govt controlled | 13 ethnic languages |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
| Parlamenti Rádió | Budapest | Internet only | Duna Médiaszolgáltató Nonprofit Zrt
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11,031,072 |
# Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics
The ***Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics***, first published in 1994 (edited by Ronald E. Asher), with a 2nd edition in 2006 (edited by Keith Brown), is an encyclopedia of all matters related to language and linguistics.
## Reception
The *Journal of Linguistics* described it as \"the definitive and indispensable scholarly reference publication, on all branches of linguistics for any library where linguistics is taken seriously.\" The second edition has 11,000 pages and 3,000 articles in 14 volumes
| 83 |
Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics
| 0 |
11,031,074 |
# Ann Bishop (journalist)
**Ann Bishop** (December 26, 1930 -- November 14, 1997) was a broadcast journalist in Rochester, New York, Baltimore, Maryland, and South Florida.
## Career
Ann Bishop (born: Harriette Himes) began her career writing for the CBS affiliate in upstate New York. She went on to work as a reporter for stations in Rochester and Baltimore. She accepted a position with WPLG Channel 10 in 1970. She was the first female broadcaster in a major market (Miami) to co-anchor the early and late evening news.
From 1976 until 1982, Bishop anchored the news alongside Glenn Rinker, Chuck Dowdle, and Walter Cronise. In 1982, Glenn Rinker left WPLG, and was replaced by Mike Schneider. Schneider and Bishop anchored the news together until 1986. In 1985, WPLG-TV beat the long-running ratings winner WTVJ and held on to the lead for ten years. Bishop continued to anchor the news alongside Dwight Lauderdale until 1995. Following her retirement, she continued to work as a consultant for the Post-Newsweek television stations, including WPLG, until her death on November 14, 1997, from colon cancer.
During her career, she covered three Democratic National Conventions, Pope John Paul II's visit to Nassau, the Eastern Airlines strike, the forty-year anniversary of D-Day and the wedding of Prince Charles and Princess Diana. She also appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show. Additionally, she received several honors, including the David Brinkley Award for Excellence, in 1990, awarded by Barry University
| 241 |
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| 0 |
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# Ilija Monte Radlovic
**Ilija (Elijah) Monte Radlovic** (5 July 1914 -- 26 August 2000) was a British Army officer, an author, and businessman.
## Personal background {#personal_background}
Radlovic was born in the country of Montenegro. After studying at Cambridge University in England, he embarked on a career in journalism. He eventually worked for the Reuters News Agency in London after World War II. Previous jobs included the Daily Mail, and on the staff of the *Balkan Herald*. After further publishing endeavors he went back to study law in Belgrade.
## Military career {#military_career}
In a daring and internationally reported event, Radlovic helped organize a group of fellow fugitives from the Naval Base at Kotor after the German carpet bombing of the capital of Belgrade. They fled for freedom on board the British built Hrabri-class submarine named Nebojša (Fearless) during the German bombing invasion of April, 1941. After a treacherous journey, endangered by Axis bombing (at one point his family heard radio reports that the submarine was missing and believed sunk), he arrived in Alexandria, Egypt. He eventually enlisted in the British Army.
Serving with the famous \"Desert Rats\", commanded by General Bernard Montgomery, Radlovic participated in many battles (such as Tobruk, El Alamein and Monte Cassino) throughout North Africa and Italy. He rose to the rank of major as a sharpshooter in the King\'s Royal Rifle Corps. He was recognized as the first Allied officer to enter via tank into Bologna and Padua in Italy. He was highly decorated by the British government and awarded the Order of the British Empire by King George VI for his efforts behind enemy lines.
Image:ElijahRadlovic2.png\|Click to Enlarge
## Literary activities {#literary_activities}
Radlovic spent time as a correspondent for Reuters offices in London, Rome and Belgrade. At times he was accused of being a Western Agent.
While working in the London office of Reuters he worked with the famed British journalist and TV host Derek Jameson. In his autobiography, *Touched by Angels*, Jameson writes that in the group of journalists in the office, \"Foremost among this group was a Yugoslav war hero name Monte Radlovic, six-foot tall and good-looking with it.\" He said Radlovic, after the North African and Italian campaigns, \"was among troops who linked up with Tito\'s forces on the liberation of his homeland\" of Yugoslavia. Later Radlovic\'s positions against Yugoslav president Josip Broz Tito and communism became well known at the Reuters office. After Reuters he then founded the influential publication *European Affairs* where he worked closely with Bertrand Russell and George Bernard Shaw.
He came to the US in 1950, where he busied himself with literary activities. Living in Washington D.C. Radlovic started a magazine, *The Diplomat*. He authored two books, *Tito\'s Republic* (eventually translated into seven languages), and *Etiquette and Protocol*. Furthermore, he worked as Director of an anti-communist organization, the British Institute for Political Research. He enjoyed a great friendship with the architect Frank Lloyd Wright, whose wife was from his home country of Montenegro.
## Family
In the late 1950s, Radlovic went back to Yugoslavia to recommence legal studies at the University of Belgrade, where, in 1959, he met another student, Milena Djukic, who became his wife. Before the birth of his first son, Radlovic was again compelled to flee Yugoslavia after Communist officials threatened to jail him for his anti-communist activities.
He moved to Covina, California where he was soon joined by his wife and son. By the early 1960s, he had built a thriving real estate business, and decided to move to Claremont, California. It was there that a daughter and second son were born.
## Business ventures {#business_ventures}
In the years that followed, Radlovic became involved in a number of flourishing business ventures. He founded Pomona Realty Co., which grew to encompass 16 offices, and United Business Brokers, both located in the Inland Empire of Southern California. The company offered free seminars for entrepreneurs on how to develop successful businesses. Observers estimated that United Business Brokers played in a role in the creation of more than 150 businesses in the Inland Empire. For years he was the owner of the well-known restaurant Magic Towers, located at 540 E.Foothill Boulevard (Route 66) in Pomona, California.
In his later years, even after he became seriously ill, he worked on a project to build a World Trade Center near the Ontario International Airport, which never reached fruition.
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# Ilija Monte Radlovic
## Memberships and organisations {#memberships_and_organisations}
He was active in a number of organizations, principally as a Master Mason of the Claremont Masonic Lodge, as a member of the Almalikah Shrine and Pasadena Scottish Rite in Los Angeles, and of the Claremont University Club.
## Death
Radlovic died at age 86. He left behind his wife Milena, of Claremont, sons Mike Radlovic of Diamond Bar, CA, Marko Radlovic and wife, Julie, with 3 granddaughters of Sherman Oaks, CA (Samantha, Sydney, Sophia), daughter Alexandra Radlovic of Paris, France, and two children from a previous marriage, Sally and Adrienne.
Longtime friends California State Senator Jim Brulte of Rancho Cucamonga and L.A. County Supervisor Mike Antonovich led their respective elected bodies in adjourning in Monte Radlovic\'s memory upon the day of his death in August 2000.
A close friend, Nicholas Polos, described Radlovic as \"a warm and friendly person,\" with \"European manners,\" and as \"an elegant gentleman and scholar.\" Congressman David Dreier said of him, \"Monte Radlovic epitomized the American Dream. He was an immigrant who came to the United States and did extraordinarily well. I had the privilege of knowing him for 20 years, and was very, very saddened by his passing
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# Patricia St. John
**Patricia Mary St. John** (5 April 1919 -- 15 August 1993) was a British evangelical writer and missionary. She was known as one of the most prolific evangelical writers of fiction in the latter part of the 20th century. Her book, Treasures of the Snow, was translated into a South African language - Afrikaans - as well. She worked for much of her life as a missionary nurse in Morocco. During her time as a house mother at Clarendon School for Girls which was run by her aunt, she wrote *Treasures of the Snow* and *The Tanglewoods\' Secret*. Her later novels *Star of Light* and *Secret of the Fourth Candle* were based on her experiences in Tangiers. She lived for some years until her death in Canley, Coventry in 1993.
## Early years {#early_years}
The third of five children (the others being Farnham, John, Oliver and Hazel), Patricia was born on 5 April 1919 in Hastings, Sussex to Harold (Harry) and Ella St. John nee Swain, shortly after her parents\' return from South America (Carangola, Brazil) where they had worked as missionaries for some years. Her older brother, Farnham Allen Rees St. John, was born on 2 June 1918: he also used the name Farnham Allen Rees.
From her memories of a year lived in Alpine Switzerland she wrote her second book, *Treasures of the Snow*.
## Mission work {#mission_work}
After completing her school education, Patricia trained to become a nurse during World War II.she was called to help heal the wounded in the war
After the war ended she became a house mother at her aunt\'s boarding school, Clarendon School for Girls, until joining her older brother, Farnham, in Tangiers, Morocco, where he was a missionary doctor after qualifying at the University of Cambridge in 1944. A newspaper interview published in the Coventry Evening Telegraph on 24 October 1978, recalls that her writings - poetry and children\'s stories - had already earned her some money, so she financed herself while helping her brother. Although initially working with Farnham in the main foreign hospital in Tangier, she later spent five years manning a village clinic in Xauen, or Chaouen, in a more remote area on the coast of Morocco. Eventually, she returned to Tangiers, spending 27 years working as a missionary nurse overseas.
## Later years {#later_years}
St. John lived her later years in Canley, Coventry, where she worshipped at Canley Evangelical Church and ran children\'s Bible classes from home. She died in Canley on 16 August 1993 as a result of heart problems. She was pre-deceased by her brother, Farnham, who became a medical director at Tulloch Memorial Hospital, Tangiers and died in Cambridge on 10 February 1980.
## Works
St. John was known as one of the most prolific British Protestant evangelical writers of fiction in the latter part of the 20th century. Some of her fiction books for children, *Treasures of the Snow* (1980-3), *The Tanglewood\'s Secret* (1980) and have been produced as films.
### Biographical
- *Man of Two Worlds: The Life of Ken Moynagh*, Henry E. Walter Ltd (1976) (biography of Ken Moynagh)
- *R. Hudson Pope: A Biography*, Patricia M. St John, Scripture Union (1967) (biography of R. Hudson Pope)
- *Until the Day Breaks: The Life and Work of Lilias Trotter, Pioneer Missionary to Muslim North Africa*, OM Publishing (1990) (biography of Lilias Trotter)
- *Harold St. John*, Loizeaux Brothers, 2d end edition (1962) (biography of her father, Harold \"Harry\" St. John)
- *Patricia St
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# Linguistics Association of Great Britain
The **Linguistics Association of Great Britain** (LAGB) is an association which claims to be the leading professional association for academic linguists there.
The association\'s predecessor was the Germanist Jeffrey Ellis\' Linguistic Circle at Hull University which became active in the late 1950s. It was renamed LAGB and had its first meeting of significance on 1 November 1959.
The association has published the Journal of Linguistics since 1964
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Linguistics Association of Great Britain
| 0 |
11,031,130 |
# Ontario Highway 49
**King\'s Highway 49**, commonly referred to as **Highway 49**, is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. The 5.8 km highway travels across the **Quinte Skyway** and through the Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory south of Marysville.
A previous iteration of Highway 49 existed between 1936 and 1961 from Kleinburg west to the York County boundary south of Bolton, which is today known as York Regional Road 49 (Nashville Road). The current Highway 49 was created in 1965 as an internal designation for the proposed route connecting the newly-opened Highway 401 with the skyway over the Bay of Quinte. By 1966, the route was signed south to Picton along what was Highway 41. The skyway opened in 1967, replacing a ferry crossing and completing Highway 49.
The route remained unchanged until the late 1990s, when more than half of the highway was transferred to the jurisdiction of local governments. The Quinte Skyway, as well as the portion through the Mohawk territory were retained in the provincial highway system, resulting in Highway 49 not connecting with any other provincial highway.
## Route description {#route_description}
Highway 49 is a short highway that connects the county maintained roads that once formed a part of it. The province transferred the majority of the route to Prince Edward County and Hastings County in 1998. However, the Quinte Skyway (constructed in 1967) and the section lying within the Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory remain under provincial jurisdiction. At the southern end of the skyway, the route connects with Prince Edward County Road 49, which continues south to Picton, as well as County Road 15 and County Road 35. At the northern end of the skyway, the highway intersects the former Highway 2, which travels east to the town of Deseronto. From there it travels north to the northern edge of the Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory, after which it becomes Tyendinaga Township Road 2 for approximately 2.1 km to the Highway 401 interchange.
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# Ontario Highway 49
## History
Two roads have borne the designation of Highway 49 within Ontario. The first existed between 1936 and 1972 in York County. The second was designated in 1965, and exists to this day.
### 1936--1961
Prior to the present Highway 49 being assumed by the Department of Highways (DHO), predecessor to the modern Ministry of Transportation (MTO), a previous route in York County, now the Regional Municipality of York, was designated as Highway 49. The original Highway 49 travelled along present-day York Regional Road 49 (Nashville Road) between Highway 50 and Kleinburg. It was assumed by the DHO on August 5, 1936, at a distance of 5.6 km; it was already paved. The route remained as-is for 25 years before being transferred back to York County at some point in 1961.
### 1965--present
The current iteration of Highway 49 was created in February 1965, when the southern, discontinuous section of Highway 41 north of Picton was renumbered. Prior to this, Highway 41 had two separate sections: one which ran north from Highway 2 at Napanee, and another that travelled north from Picton alongside the Bay of Quinte. The latter portion followed the present-day Prince Edward County Road 49 as far as Roblin Mills, where it curved to follow County Road 35. This road was known as the Lower High Shore Road; there was no road directly north from Roblin Mills until the 1960s. Highway 41 passed through Mount Carmel before ending at Cole\'s Wharf, where a ferry crossed to Huff\'s Wharf. The length of this section was 17.6 km.
In preparation for the construction of the Quinte Skyway, the DHO took over 1.3 km of Marysville Road from the intersection of Highway 2 and Highway 502 (Belleville Road) to the soon-to-be completed Highway 401 interchange on June 26, 1963. Construction of the Quinte Skyway began with the awarding of a contract in November 1964. The DHO had planned to begin work in September 1962, but funding was unavailable. Severe winter weather prevented work from proceeding until the spring of 1965. Construction proceeded simultaneously on realigning the highway south to Picton, bypassing several portions and building a new road north from Roblin Mills in the process. An inland bypass was built around the Essroc cement plant, which opened in 1958. Old sections of the highway are now known as White Chapel Road and Lower High Shore Road. The Quinte Skyway and realigned Highway 49 were both completed in September 1967, with premier John Robarts opening the bridge during a motorcade on September 6.
Highway 49 remained unchanged for 30 years, until the late 1990s. As part of a series of budget cuts initiated by premier Mike Harris under his Common Sense Revolution platform in 1995, numerous highways deemed to no longer be of significance to the provincial network were decommissioned and responsibility for the routes transferred to a lower level of government, a process referred to as downloading. On January 1, 1998, the entire route of Highway 49 was downloaded to Hastings County and Prince Edward County. Hastings County, which does not maintain roads or bridges, in turn transferred its section to Tyendinaga Township and the Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory. The territory was unable to afford maintenance of the highly-travelled route, forcing the MTO to retain ownership of the highway within the territory
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| 1 |
11,031,136 |
# Symphony No. 4 (Dvořák)
The **Symphony No. 4** in D minor, Op. 13, B. 41, is a classical composition by Antonín Dvořák composed in 1874.
## History
Dvořák composed his fourth symphony between January and March 1874. It shows an influence of Wagner in its themes\' development, and even in its thematic material, i.e. principal theme of the second movement is a near-quotation from *Tannhäuser*, and the Trio section of the third movement includes a vivid reminder of a passage from the overture of *Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg*. The influence of Brahms could also be heard. Both influences will pervade many of his subsequent works. Despite these and other influences, Dvořák here shows true mastery in the formal aspects of his composition and also displays some of his original and even unique musical characteristics, which he will develop further in his future works. A portion of the scherzo was reused in the march *In Troublous Times* from his set of piano duets *From the Bohemian Forest*.
The first performance took place on 25 May 1874 at the concert of the *Academy Readers\' Society* in Prague, and was conducted by Bedřich Smetana. The composer revised the symphony at the end of 1887 and beginning of 1888. The first (posthumous) edition of the symphony was published in 1912, and it is probable that this edition differs considerably from the 1874 original.
## Form
The work consists of four movements: `{{ordered list|list_style_type=upper-roman
|''[[Allegro (music)|Allegro]]'' ([[D minor]]), 446 measures
:[[File:Orchesterwerke Romantik Themen.pdf|450px|page=208]]
|''Andante sostenuto e molto cantabile'' ([[B-flat major|B{{music|flat}} major]]), 142 measures
:[[File:Orchesterwerke Romantik Themen.pdf|450px|page=209]]
|''Scherzo (Allegro feroce)''; D minor, Trio in [[C major]], 388 measures
:[[File:Orchesterwerke Romantik Themen.pdf|450px|page=210]]
|''Finale: Allegro con brio'' (D minor → [[D major]]), 691 measures
:[[File:Orchesterwerke Romantik Themen.pdf|450px|page=211]]
}}`{=mediawiki}
It is possible that the third movement of the symphony was initially an independent composition, completed before the other movements and added subsequently. The earlier neo-romantic atmosphere of his earlier symphonies is still present, but as a whole, the composition already bears the hallmark of Dvořák\'s artistic individuality. A typical performance of the work lasts about forty minutes. The 4th movement's key signature changes to D major, in which key the symphony also ends.
## Instrumentation
The work is scored for an orchestra of two flutes (both doubling piccolo), two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, four horns, two trumpets, three trombones, timpani, bass drum, triangle, cymbals, harp, and strings
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# Compendium of U.S. Copyright Office Practices
`{{Use American English|date=November 2023}}`{=mediawiki} The ***Compendium of U.S. Copyright Office Practices*** is a manual produced by the United States Copyright Office, intended for use primarily by the Copyright Office staff as a general guide to policies and procedures such as registration, deposit and recordation. It does not cover every principle of copyright law or detail every aspect of the Office\'s administrative practices.
The Compendium is directed to policy under the 1976 Copyright Act, as amended. It is now in its third edition, replacing the earlier \"Compendium II\", which in turn replaced the original Compendium that described policy under the earlier 1909 Copyright Act.
The Compendium is an internal manual, and does not have the force of law, unlike the U.S. Copyright Act or Copyright Office regulations. However, some courts have cited to it as persuasive authority and given it deference based on the Copyright Office\'s specialized experience and broader investigations and information. For some issues that are not addressed in the statute or regulations (for example, whether to issue a registration to a government body claiming a copyright in its enacted laws), it can provide guidance as to the Copyright Office\'s practice.
The Compendium is sometimes, but not often, used by attorneys in dealings with the Copyright Office. A Westlaw search of the FIP-CS database which contains documents from the U.S. Supreme Court, Courts of Appeals, District Courts, Bankruptcy Courts, Court of Federal Claims, U.S. Tax Court, Military Courts, and related federal and territorial courts showed fewer than fifty citations of the Compendium by the courts total. This is in contrast to, for example, the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure, which is heavily relied upon by attorneys and agents dealing with the patent functions of the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
A public draft of the third edition of the Compendium was released by the Copyright Office on August 19, 2014. The official version, entitled *Compendium of U.S. Copyright Office Practices, Third Edition*, was released on December 22, 2014. Proposed revisions to the Compendium were published on June 1, 2017; After a comment period, a revised version of the Compendium was published on September 29. It includes changes taking the *Star Athletica, LLC v. Varsity Brands, Inc.*, 580 U.S. \_\_ (2017), decision into account.
the January 28, 2021 release is the most current
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# John Winram
**John Winram** (1492 - 1582) was a 16th-century Scottish priest and ecclesiastical reformer. He was born in 1492, the son of one James Winram of Ratho and his wife Margaret Wilkie. He obtained a Bachelor\'s Degree (1515), a Master\'s Degree (x 1532) and a Doctorate (1541) from St Leonard\'s College, University of St Andrews.
He had become an Augustinian canon at St Andrews Cathedral Priory by 1527, becoming sub-prior by the end of 1535. By then, he was *de facto* leader of the house, since the commendator-prior was James Stewart, born only in 1531 and still a minor. In 1553 he was appointed to be Prior of St Serf\'s Inch, Lochleven.
In his roles at St Andrews and St Serf\'s Inch, he was able to exert an influence on the national church. He was a keen reformer, but it was not until the Scottish Reformation came fully into being that he accepted a break with the Roman Catholic Church. Winram played a leading role in the early organisation of the newly independent Scottish Church, maintaining a high work-load as an administrator into his 80s.
Winram had married Margaret Stewart, the illegitimate daughter of Alexander Stewart, Bishop of Moray, in 1562. By this marriage he obtained two stepsons, Robert and Andrew. The former suffered from severe disability, though the latter was healthy and he and Winram had a mutually beneficial relationship until the death of Margaret led to a dispute about her will. The dispute raged through the courts of south-eastern Scotland, and their relationship never recovered. Winram died on 28 September 1582. He was buried in the chapel of St Leonard\'s College.
## Career
John Winram (1492?--1582), was a Scottish reformer, descended from the Winrams or Winrahams of Kirkness or Ratho, Fifeshire. He was born about 1492. Entering the college of St. Leonard\'s, St. Andrews, in 1513, he graduated B.A. 17 March 1515. As early at least as 1528 he was an inmate of the Augustinian monastery of St. Andrews, of which he became third prior in 1534 and sub-prior in 1536, the prior being Lord James Stewart (afterwards Earl of Moray), who was then in his minority.
## Role at Wishart\'s trial {#role_at_wisharts_trial}
At the trial of George Wishart in 1546 Winram preached the opening sermon, the subject being \"Heresy,\" which he very safely defined as \"a false opinion defended with pertinacitie, cleirlye repugning to the word of God\" (summary in Knox and in Lindsay of Pitscottie\'s Chronicle, pp. 459--60). In reality the sermon contained nothing to which Wishart himself would not have been willing to subscribe, and the general and colourless character of its propositions indicated at least a tendency towards toleration. That Wishart believed the sub-prior to be favourably disposed towards him may be inferred from the fact that while waiting in the castle of St. Andrews before execution it was for him he sent in order to make his confession. \"Go, fetch me,\" he said, \"yonder man that preached this day, and I will make my confession unto him\". Knox is unable \"to show\" what Wishart said \"in this confession,\" but Lindsay affirms that Winram informed Beaton that Wishart had declared his innocence and asked the consent of Beaton that he should \"have the communion,\" which was refused (Chronicle, p. 476).
## Relationship with Knox and clergy {#relationship_with_knox_and_clergy}
In regard to Knox, Winram adopted a similarly impartial attitude. He was present at Knox\'s first sermon preached in the chapel of the castle of St. Andrews in 1547, and, after the sermon, called him before a convention of the grey and black friars in the yard of St. Leonard\'s, not \"to hear as judge, but only familiarly to talk.\" After arguing with Knox in a very half-hearted fashion, Winram left further discussion in the hands of Arbuckle, the grey friar; but Knox represents his own triumph in the argument as complete; and although the friars resolved that, as an antidote to Knox\'s teaching, every learned man in the city, beginning with the sub-prior, should preach a series of sermons in the parish kirk, the sermons, according to Knox, were \"penned so as to offend no man\". Winram was present at the meeting of the provincial council held in Edinburgh in November 1549, at which special resolutions were passed for reforming the lives of the clergy (Robertson, Stat. Eccles. Scot. ii. 82--4); and by some he is supposed to have been the author of the catechism, known generally as Archbishop Hamilton\'s, approved by a provincial council held at Edinburgh in January 1552.
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# John Winram
## Winram as reformer {#winram_as_reformer}
Although present at the trial of Walter Milne in 1558 and at a provincial council held in 1559, Winram cast in his lot with the reformers as soon as their cause seemed likely to prevail; and, being nominated by the lords superintendent of Fife, 9 July 1560, he was admitted at St. Andrews 13 April 1561. He is sometimes included among those to whom was entrusted the compilation of the first confession of faith; but, on the contrary, it was to him and William Maitland of Lethington that the confession was submitted for revision, and they mitigated \"the austeritie of maynie words and sentences which seemed to proceed rather of some evil-conceived opinion than of any sound judgment\" (Randolph to Cecil, 7 Sept. 1560). He was present at the parliament at which it was ratified, and spoke in its support (Randolph to Cecil, 19 Aug.), and, after the ratification, was appointed one of a commission to draw up the \"Book of Discipline\".
## Character
Winram is described by Quentin Kennedy as \"wonderfullie learnit baith in the New Testament, Auld Testament, and mekle mair \[much more\]\" (\"Ane Compendious Reasoning,\"), and it is very clear that he was more of a scholar than a controversialist. He seems not to have been specially enamoured of the puritanic Calvinism of the leading Scottish reformers, and in his final adherence to the Reformation he was probably influenced mainly by considerations of expediency. At nearly every general assembly from 1562 to 1570 complaint was made against him as superintendent for slackness in visitation and preaching; and his \"immersion in worldly affairs\" also gave offence to the more censorious.
## Offices
As prior of Portmoak Winram was present at the Perth convention of 27 July 1569 (Reg. P. C. Scotl. ii. 2). He also attended the convention held at Leith in January 1572, at which the creation of the \'tulchan\' bishops was authorised; and under the new arrangement he was made archdeacon of the diocese, resigning the superintendentship of Fife to the new archbishop, and being designated instead superintendent of Strathearn. When Knox declined to inaugurate the new archbishop of St. Andrews, Winram, at the conclusion of Knox\'s sermon, undertook that duty. On the death of the archbishop in 1574 he resumed the superintendentship of Fife. As prior of Portmoak he attended a convention at Holyrood House, 5 March 1574, and on 29 July 1580 he conveyed the priory of Portmoak to St. Leonard\'s College, St. Andrews. He died on 28 September 1582. Winram was married, 12 July 1564, to Margaret Stewart, relict of Ayton of Kinaldy
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# Sigmund Feist
**Sigmund Feist** (Mainz, 12 June 1865 *--* Copenhagen, 23 March 1943) was a German Jewish pedagogue and historical linguist. He was the author of the Germanic substrate hypothesis as well as a number of important works concerning Jewish ethnic and racial identity. Feist served as the director of the Jewish Reichenheim Orphanage in Berlin from 1906 to 1935. In 1907 he became a member of the Gesellschaft der Freunde society.
Feist emigrated to Denmark in 1939 where he died four years later.
## Correspondence with Jewish soldiers during World War I {#correspondence_with_jewish_soldiers_during_world_war_i}
As director of the Reichenheim Orphanage, Feist established and maintained close relationships with his wards, 77 of whom corresponded with him during their time of service in the First World War. The correspondence consists of 745 letters which Feist received between the years 1914 and 1918, and offers a glimpse into the lives of Jewish soldiers who served in World War I.
Several of the soldiers who wrote the letters later went on to attain notoriety in academic circles, an example being Hermann Teuchert.
The collected correspondence has been archived in the Centrum Judaicum of the New Synagogue in Berlin since 1995. The letters were published as a collection in 2002.
## Important works {#important_works}
### Works in historical linguistics {#works_in_historical_linguistics}
- *Einführung in das Gotische* (1922)
- *Etymologisches Wörterbuch der gotischen Sprache* (1923)
- *Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Gotischen Sprache mit Einschluss des Krimgotischen und sonstiger zerstreuter Überreste des Gotischen* (1923)
- *Indogermanen und Germanen* (1924)
- *Germanen und Kelten in der antiken Überlieferung* (1925)
### Works in Jewish history and ethnicity {#works_in_jewish_history_and_ethnicity}
- *Stammeskunde der Juden. Die jüdischen Stämme der Erde in alter und neuer Zeit. Historisch-anthropologische Skizzen.* (1925)
- *Die Ethnographie der Juden* (with Lionel S. Reisz) (1926)
- *Rassenkunde des jüdischen Volkes* (1930)
- *Ein Zeitgenosse Alexander des Großen über die Juden* (?)
## Referenced in {#referenced_in}
- Bibliography for Wulfila database: Feist, Sigmund. *Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Gotischen Sprache Mit Einschluss des Krimgotischen und sonstiger zerstreuter Überreste des Gotischen.* Dritte neubearbeitete und vermehrte Auflage E. J. Brill Leiden 1939
- *An Analysis of \*z loss in West Germanic*
- [\"Studying the Jew\"](http://www.hup.harvard.edu/pdf/STESTU_index.pdf)`{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}`{=mediawiki}
- Listed in The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics
## Related literature {#related_literature}
- Römer, Ruth: *Sigmund Feist und die Gesellschaft fuer deutsche Philologie in Berlin*. In: Muttersprache 103 (1993), 28-40
- Römer, Ruth: *Sigmund Feist: Deutscher -- Germanist -- Jude*. In: Muttersprache 91 (1981), 249-308
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# Meliá Cohiba Hotel
The **Meliá Cohiba Hotel** is a high-rise hotel opened in 1994, located in the Vedado district of Havana, Cuba, just off the Malecón and next to the historic Hotel Habana Riviera. The hotel has 401 rooms and 61 suites. The hotel\'s sharp angles and alternating walls of stone and glass make it one of the more modern buildings in Havana, along with its sister the *Meliá Habana*. The Cohiba has a wide range of restaurants and shops, as the Habanos Cigar Store. The Habana Café has a nightly floor show and live music
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Meliá Cohiba Hotel
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# BAFTA Award for Best Editing
The **BAFTA Award for Best Editing** is a film award presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) at the annual British Academy Film Awards, to recognize a film editor who has delivered outstanding editing in a film.
BAFTA is a British organisation that hosts annual awards shows for film, television, and video games (and formerly also for children\'s film and television). Since 1966, selected editors have been awarded with the BAFTA award for Best Editing at an annual ceremony. Traditionally, four films were nominated each year until 2000, when the Academy expanded the annual number of nominees to five. The predetermined limit was exceeded twice: in 1992, when, due to a tie in the vote, there were five nominees, and in 2008, when there were six nominees.
In the following lists, the titles and names in **bold** with a gold background are the winners and recipients respectively; those not in bold are the nominees. The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released, not the year of the ceremony, which always takes place the following year.
The film-voting members of the Academy select the five nominated films in each category; only the principal editor(s) for each film are named, which excludes additional editors, supervising editors, etc. The actual winner of Best Editing is selected by \"Chapter Voting\"; only Academy members who are identified as members of the Editing Chapter vote on the winner.
## Winners and nominees {#winners_and_nominees}
### 1960s
Year Film Editor
------ ----------------------------------------------- -----------------------
***Morgan -- A Suitable Case for Treatment*** **Tom Priestley**
*Alfie* Thelma Connell
*Arabesque* Freddie Wilson
*The Quiller Memorandum*
***Not awarded***
***The Graduate*** **Sam O\'Steen**
*The Charge of the Light Brigade* Kevin Brownlow
*Oliver!* Ralph Kemplen
*Romeo and Juliet* Reginald Mills
***Midnight Cowboy*** **Hugh A. Robertson**
*Bullitt* Frank P. Keller
*Oh! What a Lovely War* Kevin Connor
*Z* Françoise Bonnot
### 1970s {#s_1}
Year Film Editor
------ ------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------
***Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid*** **John C. Howard and Richard C. Meyer**
*M\*A\*S\*H* Danford B. Greene
*Ryan\'s Daughter* Norman Savage
*They Shoot Horses, Don\'t They?* Fredric Steinkamp
***Sunday Bloody Sunday*** **Richard Marden**
*Fiddler on the Roof* Antony Gibbs and Robert Lawrence
*Performance* Antony Gibbs
*Taking Off* John Carter
***The French Connection*** **Gerald B. Greenberg**
*Cabaret* David Bretherton
*A Clockwork Orange* Bill Butler
*Deliverance* Tom Priestley
***The Day of the Jackal*** **Ralph Kemplen**
*Charley Varrick* Frank Morriss
*Don\'t Look Now* Graeme Clifford
*The National Health* Ralph Sheldon
***The Conversation*** **Richard Chew and Walter Murch**
*Chinatown* Sam O\'Steen
*Murder on the Orient Express* Anne V. Coates
*The Three Musketeers* John Victor Smith
***Dog Day Afternoon*** **Dede Allen**
*The Godfather Part II* Peter Zinner, Barry Malkin and Richard Marks
*Jaws* Verna Fields
*Rollerball* Antony Gibbs
***One Flew Over the Cuckoo\'s Nest*** **Richard Chew, Lynzee Klingman and Sheldon Kahn**
*All the President\'s Men* Robert L. Wolfe
*Marathon Man* Jim Clark
*Taxi Driver* Marcia Lucas, Tom Rolf and Melvin Shapiro
***Annie Hall*** **Ralph Rosenblum and Wendy Greene Bricmont**
*A Bridge Too Far* Antony Gibbs
*Network* Alan Heim
*Rocky* Richard Halsey
***Midnight Express*** **Gerry Hambling**
*Close Encounters of the Third Kind* Michael Kahn
*Julia* Walter Murch
*Star Wars* Paul Hirsch, Marcia Lucas and Richard Chew
***The Deer Hunter*** **Peter Zinner**
*Alien* Terry Rawlings
*Apocalypse Now* Richard Marks, Walter Murch, Gerald B. Greenberg and Lisa Fruchtman
*Manhattan* Susan E. Morse
### 1980s {#s_2}
Year Film Editor
------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------
***All That Jazz*** **Alan Heim**
*The Elephant Man* Anne V. Coates
*Fame* Gerry Hambling
*Kramer vs. Kramer* Gerald B. Greenberg
***Raging Bull*** **Thelma Schoonmaker**
*Chariots of Fire* Terry Rawlings
*The French Lieutenant\'s Woman* John Bloom
*Raiders of the Lost Ark* Michael Kahn
***Missing*** **Françoise Bonnot**
*Blade Runner* Terry Rawlings
*E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial* Carol Littleton
*Gandhi* John Bloom
***Flashdance*** **Walt Mulconery and Bud S. Smith**
*The King of Comedy* Thelma Schoonmaker
*Local Hero* Michael Bradsell
*Zelig* Susan E. Morse
***The Killing Fields*** **Jim Clark**
*Another Country* Gerry Hambling
*Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom* Michael Kahn
*Under Fire* John Bloom and Mark Conte
***Amadeus*** **Michael A. Chandler and Nena Danevic**
*Back to the Future* Arthur Schmidt and Harry Keramidas
*A Chorus Line* John Bloom
*Witness* Thom Noble
***The Mission*** **Jim Clark**
*Hannah and Her Sisters* Susan E. Morse
*Mona Lisa* Lesley Walker
*A Room with a View* Humphrey Dixon
***Platoon*** **Claire Simpson**
*Cry Freedom* Lesley Walker
*Hope and Glory* Ian Crafford
*Radio Days* Susan E. Morse
***Fatal Attraction*** **Peter E. Berger and Michael Kahn**
*A Fish Called Wanda* John Jympson
*The Last Emperor* Gabriella Cristiani
*Who Framed Roger Rabbit* Arthur Schmidt
***Mississippi Burning*** **Gerry Hambling**
*Dangerous Liaisons* Mick Audsley
*Dead Poets Society* William M. Anderson
*Rain Man* Stu Linder
### 1990s {#s_3}
Year Film Editor
------ --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
***Goodfellas*** **Thelma Schoonmaker**
*Cinema Paradiso* Mario Morra
*Crimes and Misdemeanors* Susan E. Morse
*Dick Tracy* Richard Marks
***The Commitments*** **Gerry Hambling**
*Dances with Wolves* Neil Travis
*The Silence of the Lambs* Craig McKay
*Thelma & Louise* Thom Noble
***JFK*** **Joe Hutshing and Pietro Scalia**
*Cape Fear* Thelma Schoonmaker
*Howards End* Andrew Marcus
*The Player* Geraldine Peroni
*Strictly Ballroom* Jill Bilcock
***Schindler\'s List*** **Michael Kahn**
*The Fugitive* Dennis Virkler, David Finfer, Dean Goodhill, Don Brochu, Richard Nord and Dov Hoenig
*In the Line of Fire* Anne V. Coates
*The Piano* Veronika Jenet
***Speed*** **John Wright**
*Forrest Gump* Arthur Schmidt
*Four Weddings and a Funeral* Jon Gregory
*Pulp Fiction* Sally Menke
***The Usual Suspects*** **John Ottman**
*Apollo 13* Mike Hill and Daniel P. Hanley
*Babe* Marcus D\'Arcy and Jay Friedkin
*The Madness of King George* Tariq Anwar
***The English Patient*** **Walter Murch**
*Evita* Gerry Hambling
*Fargo* Roderick Jaynes
*Shine* Pip Karmel
***L.A. Confidential*** **Peter Honess**
*The Full Monty* Nick Moore and David Freeman
*Romeo + Juliet* Jill Bilcock
*Titanic* Conrad Buff IV, James Cameron and Richard A. Harris
***Shakespeare in Love*** **David Gamble**
*Elizabeth* Jill Bilcock
*Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels* Niven Howie
*Saving Private Ryan* Michael Kahn
}} ***American Beauty*** **Tariq Anwar and Christopher Greenbury**
*Being John Malkovich* Eric Zumbrunnen
*The Matrix* Zach Staenberg
*The Sixth Sense* Andrew Mondshein
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# BAFTA Award for Best Editing
## Winners and nominees {#winners_and_nominees}
### 2000s {#s_4}
Year Film Editor
------ ----------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------
}} ***Gladiator*** **Pietro Scalia**
*Billy Elliot* John Wilson
*Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon* Tim Squyres
*Erin Brockovich* Anne V. Coates
*Traffic* Stephen Mirrione
}} ***Mulholland Drive*** **Mary Sweeney**
*Amélie* Hervé Schneid
*Black Hawk Down* Pietro Scalia
*The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring* John Gilbert
*Moulin Rouge!* Jill Bilcock
}} ***City of God*** **Daniel Rezende**
*Chicago* Martin Walsh
*Gangs of New York* Thelma Schoonmaker
*The Hours* Peter Boyle
*The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers* Michael J. Horton
}} ***Lost in Translation*** **Sarah Flack**
*21 Grams* Stephen Mirrione
*Cold Mountain* Walter Murch
*Kill Bill: Volume 1* Sally Menke
*The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King* Jamie Selkirk
}} ***Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind*** **Valdís Óskarsdóttir**
*The Aviator* Thelma Schoonmaker
*Collateral* Jim Miller and Paul Rubell
*House of Flying Daggers* Long Cheng
*Vera Drake* Jim Clark
}} ***The Constant Gardener*** **Claire Simpson**
*Brokeback Mountain* Geraldine Peroni and Dylan Tichenor
*Crash* Hughes Winborne
*Good Night and Good Luck* Stephen Mirrione
*March of the Penguins* Sabine Emiliani
}} ***United 93*** **Clare Douglas, Richard Pearson and Christopher Rouse**
*Babel* Stephen Mirrione and Douglas Crise
*Casino Royale* Stuart Baird
*The Departed* Thelma Schoonmaker
*The Queen* Lucia Zucchetti
}} ***The Bourne Ultimatum*** **Christopher Rouse**
*American Gangster* Pietro Scalia
*Atonement* Paul Tothill
*Michael Clayton* John Gilroy
*No Country for Old Men* Roderick Jaynes
}} ***Slumdog Millionaire*** **Chris Dickens**
*Changeling* Joel Cox and Gary D. Roach
*The Curious Case of Benjamin Button* Kirk Baxter and Angus Wall
*The Dark Knight* Lee Smith
*Frost/Nixon* Daniel P. Hanley and Mike Hill
*In Bruges* Jon Gregory
}} ***The Hurt Locker*** **Chris Innis and Bob Murawski**
*Avatar* James Cameron, John Refoua and Stephen E. Rivkin
*District 9* Julian Clarke
*Inglourious Basterds* Sally Menke
*Up in the Air* Dana E. Glauberman
### 2010s {#s_5}
Year Film Editor
------ --------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------
}} ***The Social Network*** **Kirk Baxter and Angus Wall**
*127 Hours* Jon Harris
*Black Swan* Andrew Weisblum
*Inception* Lee Smith
*The King\'s Speech* Tariq Anwar
}} ***Senna*** **Chris King and Gregers Sall**
*The Artist* Anne-Sophie Bion and Michel Hazanavicius
*Drive* Mat Newman
*Hugo* Thelma Schoonmaker
*Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy* Dino Jonsäter
}} ***Argo*** **William Goldenberg**
*Django Unchained* Fred Raskin
*Life of Pi* Tim Squyres
*Skyfall* Stuart Baird
*Zero Dark Thirty* Dylan Tichenor and William Goldenberg
}} ***Rush*** **Daniel P. Hanley and Mike Hill**
*12 Years a Slave* Joe Walker
*Captain Phillips* Christopher Rouse
*Gravity* Alfonso Cuarón and Mark Sanger
*The Wolf of Wall Street* Thelma Schoonmaker
}} ***Whiplash*** **Tom Cross**
*Birdman* Douglas Crise and Stephen Mirrione
*The Grand Budapest Hotel* Barney Pilling
*The Imitation Game* William Goldenberg
*Nightcrawler* John Gilroy
*The Theory of Everything* Jinx Godfrey
}} ***Mad Max: Fury Road*** **Margaret Sixel**
*The Big Short* Hank Corwin
*Bridge of Spies* Michael Kahn
*The Martian* Pietro Scalia
*The Revenant* Stephen Mirrione
}} ***Hacksaw Ridge*** **John Gilbert**
*Arrival* Joe Walker
*La La Land* Tom Cross
*Manchester by the Sea* Jennifer Lame
*Nocturnal Animals* Joan Sobel
}} ***Baby Driver*** **Paul Machliss and Jonathan Amos**
*Blade Runner 2049* Joe Walker
*Dunkirk* Lee Smith
*The Shape of Water* Sidney Wolinsky
*Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri* Jon Gregory
}} ***Vice*** **Hank Corwin**
*Bohemian Rhapsody* John Ottman
*The Favourite* Yorgos Mavropsaridis
*First Man* Tom Cross
*Roma* Alfonso Cuarón and Adam Gough
}} ***Ford v Ferrari*** **Andrew Buckland and Michael McCusker**
*The Irishman* Thelma Schoonmaker
*Jojo Rabbit* Tom Eagles
*Joker* Jeff Groth
*Once Upon a Time in Hollywood* Fred Raskin
### 2020s {#s_6}
Year Film Editor
------ ----------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
}} ***Sound of Metal*** **Mikkel E. G. Nielsen**
*The Father* Yorgos Lamprinos
*Nomadland* Chloé Zhao
*Promising Young Woman* Frédéric Thoraval
*The Trial of the Chicago 7* Alan Baumgarten
}} ***No Time to Die*** **Tom Cross and Elliot Graham**
*Belfast* Úna Ní Dhonghaíle
*Dune* Joe Walker
*Licorice Pizza* Andy Jurgensen
*Summer of Soul* Joshua L. Pearson
}} ***Everything Everywhere All at Once*** **Paul Rogers**
*All Quiet on the Western Front* Sven Budelmann
*The Banshees of Inisherin* Mikkel E. G. Nielsen
*Elvis* Jonathan Redmond and Matt Villa
*Top Gun: Maverick* Eddie Hamilton
}} ***Oppenheimer*** **Jennifer Lame**
*Anatomy of a Fall* Laurent Sénéchal
*Killers of the Flower Moon* Thelma Schoonmaker
*Poor Things* Yorgos Mavropsaridis
*The Zone of Interest* Paul Watts
***Conclave*** **Nick Emerson**
*Anora* Sean Baker
*Dune: Part Two* Joe Walker
*Emilia Pérez* Juliette Welfling
*Kneecap* Julian Ulrichs and Chris Gill
## Multiple wins and nominations {#multiple_wins_and_nominations}
### Multiple nominations {#multiple_nominations}
11 nominations
- Thelma Schoonmaker
7 nominations
- Michael Kahn
6 nominations
- Gerry Hambling
- Stephen Mirrione
5 nominations
- Susan E. Morse
- Walter Murch
- Pietro Scalia
- Joe Walker
4 nominations
- Jill Bilcock
- John Bloom
- Jim Clark
- Anne V. Coates
- Tom Cross
- Antony Gibbs
3 nominations
- Tariq Anwar
- Richard Chew
- William Goldenberg
- Gerald B. Greenberg
- Daniel P. Hanley
- Mike Hill
- Jon Gregory
- Richard Marks
- Sally Menke
- Terry Rawlings
- Christopher Rouse
- Arthur Schmidt
- Lee Smith
2 nominations
- Stuart Baird
- Kirk Baxter
- Françoise Bonnot
- James Cameron
- Hank Corwin
- Douglas Crise
- Alfonso Cuarón
- John Gilbert
- John Gilroy
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
- Alan Heim
- Roderick Jaynes
- Ralph Kemplen
- Jennifer Lame
- Marcia Lucas
- Yorgos Mavropsaridis
- Mikkel E. G
| 896 |
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| 1 |
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# Martin Leslie (Australian footballer)
**Martin Leslie** (born 17 November 1962) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Brisbane Bears in the Australian Football League (AFL) and Port Adelaide Football Club in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL).
Leslie made his SANFL debut for Port Adelaide in 1981, winning the club best and fairest award in 1986 and a premiership in 1988.
At the VFL National Draft in 1986 Leslie was the number one draft choice, selected by Brisbane. Leslie deferred moving to Brisbane until the end of the 1988 SANFL season. Making his VFL debut in 1989, Leslie would eventually play 107 games for the Bears and won their best and fairest award, in 1990
| 120 |
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| 0 |
11,031,478 |
# Medivac (TV series)
***Medivac**\'\', an Australian television drama series, ran on Network Ten from 1996 to 1998. There were 48 episodes produced. Medivac is an abbreviation of the term medical evacuation. The series was also known as***Adrenaline Junkies**\'\' overseas.
## Synopsis
*Medivac* was set in the emergency department of Brisbane\'s fictional Bethlehem West Hospital, where a dedicated medical team works in the demanding world of emergency medicine. The team specialises in the evacuation of disaster areas, journeying by helicopter to remote areas inaccessible by ambulance. They also work in the city streets and the suburbs involving themselves with the patients, their families and the police.
## Cast
### Main / regular {#main_regular}
- Nicholas Eadie as Dr. Red Buchanan
- Geneviève Picot as Dr. Julia McAlpine
- Graeme Blundell as Dr. Harry Edwards
- Grant Bowler as Dr. Arch Craven
- Rena Owen as Macy Fields, RN
- Caroline Kennison as Gosia Maléski, RN
- Eugene Gilfedder as Dr. Wayne Doubé
- Danielle Carter as Bree Dalrymple, RN
- Mark Constable as Dr. \'Oopy\' Hiltonwood
- Lisa Forrest as Dr. Marina Zamoyski
- Stephen Lovatt as Dr. Tom Shawcross
- Dieter Brummer as Dr. Sean Michaels
- Simone Kessell as Dr. Stella O\'Shaughnessy
- Melissa Tkautz as Evie Morrison RN
- Paul Mercurio as Roy Fields
- Andrew McKaige as Dave Callen
- John Gregg as Peter Michaels
### Guests
- Aaron Blabey as Danny Haywood (2 episodes)
- Damien Garvey as Slugger (1 episode)
- Diane Craig as Mrs Flynn (1 episode)
- Garry McDonald as Ernie Sharp (4 episodes)
- Grant Dodwell as Paul (1 episode)
- Jeremy Sims as Mark Best (4 episodes)
- John Orcsik as Dr Cliff Houghton (1 episode)
- Jonathan Hardy as Rosenthal (1 episode)
- Josh Lawson as Rob (1 episode)
- Judi Farr as Arch\'s mother (1 episode)
- Kris McQuade as Carmel (1 episode)
- Lenka Kripac as Nikki Kershaw (3 episodes)
- Matt Doran as James \'Armalite\' Dwyer (1 episode)
- Nique Needles as Leo VestI / Johnny Ryan (2 episodes)
- Ray Barrett as Frank Wheeler (1 episode)
- Robert Coleby as Bruce (1 episode)
- Russell Dykstra as Fitzpatrick (1 episode)
- Sarah Lambert as Francine Lord (1 episode)
- Sean Scully as Jack Duval (3 episodes)
- Stephen Curry as Damian \'Rhino\' Ryan (1 episode)
- Steve Jacobs as Parker (1 episode)
- Tiriel Mora as Dr Dexter Haben (3 episodes)
- Wayne Pygram as John (1 episode)
| 413 |
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| 0 |
11,031,478 |
# Medivac (TV series)
## Episodes
### Season 1 {#season_1}
No. Episode Overview
-------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**1** \"**Sharing the Blame**\" (pt.1) Wayne and Bree fly out to the Glass House Mountains to rescue an injured hiker. Dr Harry Edwards is starting to burn out and wants Dr Julia McAlpine, Deputy Director, to take over his role. When she is passed over for Dr Red Buchanan, Julia hands in her resignation.
**2** \"**Sharing the Blame**\" (pt.2) A ghost train becomes derailed, with multiple casualties. Julia makes a decision, with tragic consequences. Oopy\'s decision to aggressively treat a cancer patient upsets Gosia. Arch threatens to reveal Red\'s past. Red talks Julia into staying. Harry vows revenge on Red.
**3** A 58-year-old surrogate, carrying her own grandchild suffers complications. Arch medivacs a patient off Stradbroke Island, but disaster strikes. Harry is announced as the new CEO. Oopy misdiagnoses a patient and covers up his mistake by holding Macy responsible.
**4** When an infection outbreak causes two patients die, the ward is quarantined and closed down. Marina and Julia chopper out to medivac a farmer trapped under a tractor. Macy is formally charged.
**5** The disciplinary board suspends Macy for two weeks. A man in the end stages of terminal cancer begs for the doctors to end his life, causing an ethical dilemma.
**6** Arch tests to become a fellow of the College of Emergency Medicine, but nothing goes smoothly. Macy returns from her two week suspension. Finding her grandmother collapsed, a six-year-old girl directs the staff to her home over the telephone, but the old lady later dies in the hospital.
**7** Red, Julia and Tank chopper out to an island to help with a mysterious outbreak, later discovered to be cholera. The army tries to cover up the situation for national security. Wayne is in charge back at the ward and lets the power go to his head, snooping through the personnel files.
**8** Julia tries to commit a patient to a psychiatric ward, when he alludes to plans for a murder-suicide. Arch, Bree, and Wayne must rescue an injured skydiver and locate his detached arm. A stab wound patient cannot undergo a blood transfusion, as he may be a Jehovah\'s Witness.
**9** Harry collapses in the car park and is sped to emergency, but Harry refuses treatment. He eventually has a massive heart attack but is saved. Wayne and Gosia\'s ambulance is dispatched to a house where a shooting has occurred. Arch and Bree go on a dinner date.
**10** Red and Bree rush out to treat a small boy suffering an acute asthma attack. Harry orders Red to close the Emergency department for a week, due to budget cutbacks and overcrowding. Red orders the by-pass be lifted but the consequences could be lethal.
**11** Julia receives a needle prick while treating a recovering drug addict, who refuses to consent to a blood test. While the woman is sedated, Wayne forcibly takes a blood sample, which tests positive for syphilis, and he is later arrested. Arch and Macy\'s helicopter is forced to make an emergency landing.
**12** Arch treats a man for what he believes is pneumonia, but is in fact tuberculosis. Wayne\'s assault charge is dismissed. Gosia tells Wayne that he owes her a favour. Julia confesses to Red that she caught syphilis from the contaminated needle. Julia and Red kiss.
**13** Red\'s wife tells him that she is pregnant, but he\'s not the father. A medivac to an island leaves Arch and Julia stranded by an incoming cyclone with a dying patient. Red wants to have Wayne removed from the ER. Red reconciles with his wife and will be a father to her child.
**14** Red\'s wife undergoes an emergency caesarean. Red doubts whether he can accept the child as his own. Julia is left in charge as Acting Director. During intern assessments, Oopy is failed by Julia. Arch must choose between his band and his medical career.
**15** While driving a patient home, Marina has a car accident and the patient dies. Bree ends her relationship with Arch. Red\'s day with his wife and baby ends in tragedy when a young boy falls into the river. A medivac must rescue a stranded hiker in the Glass House Mountains.
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# Medivac (TV series)
## Episodes
### Season 2 {#season_2}
No. Episode Overview
-------- ----------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**16** The world\'s longest surviving recipient of a baboon\'s liver collapses at his wedding and the media relays the event. Harry worries about the legal and publicity ramifications. It is discovered the patient has a deadly contagious herpes virus found in monkeys.
**17** Arch and Bree are faced with treating a gunman who has shot many people. Julia realises the shooter is Danny, who she tried to have sectioned months ago. A grief-stricken father searches the ER for the gunman who killed his daughter, and accidentally shoots Peter.
**18** Arch reluctantly accepts the Deputy Directorship. On a medivac, Wayne and Macy discover workers are electrocuting themselves, believing it is a cure for Ross River Fever. Gosia\'s ex-husband arrives from Alice Springs looking for her.
**19** Bree and Gosia realise Oopy has been moonlighting at a cosmetic surgery institute, when a medivac returns with one of the institute\'s former patients who is suffering from surgery complications. Arch cuts funding to an AIDS clinic, and pro AIDS research protesters react.
**20** Harry\'s old army friend Bruce wants the past put right, regarding the man they killed in Vietnam. A Papua New Guinean boy needs a mercy operation. Julia and Macy go on a medivac to save a shark attack victim. Harry realises Bruce is suicidal.
**21** Wayne and Bree rescue a young school teacher, found naked in the bush. She is pregnant and claims aliens raped her. Wayne and Arch are called out again after a second \'abduction\' and discover she is no longer pregnant.
**22** A baby is in cardiac distress and Dexter Habin performs life saving surgery. Arch tests a zoology student for Lyssavirus. When a virus also threatens the life of Julia\'s friend and her horses, they find a bat colony. Wayne is bitten by one of Julia\'s horses.
**23** A fire at a building Harry owns burns down. Arch and Bree find a pregnant woman inside. Her baby is delivered prematurely and dies. Guilt-ridden Harry sets up a fund to help the woman. Duelling celebrity impersonators are admitted to the department.
**24** Medical practices in the ER are criticised, resulting in Arch being investigated for manslaughter. Macy quits her job. A representative from the Vatican investigates a potential miracle (a patient cured of cancer) which Wayne witnessed.
**25** The team responds to an accident involving a bus full of blind kids. Arch is due in court, but helps on site. His bail is revoked and he is remanded in custody. Wayne and Gosia disagree over a girl who was used as a drug mule.
**26** A gallery owner is speared by an Aboriginal artist he has been ripping off. The artist is arrested but has a heart attack. Oopy gives evidence against Arch. Bree finds out Oopy covered up a mistake and implicated Arch. The court case is thrown out.
**27** **\"Romeo and Juliet\"** After robbing Wayne\'s bank, a young couple crash their car. The man is fatally shot by his girlfriend, and she is shot by Peter. A paraplegic overdoses into a coma. Macy returns to her job. Harry is rescued from jellyfish stings by Bree.
**28** **\"Into the Abyss\"** Wayne, Tom, and Macy are taken hostage when a riot breaks out at a women\'s prison. A teenage girl lapses into a catatonic state and demonic possession is suspected. Julia tries to make Oopy quit.
**29** **\"Gates to the Kingdom\"** Duval is asked to exorcise Nikki. As the exorcism progresses, Duval collapses and suffers a ruptured stomach ulcer, forcing Marina to finish the exorcism. Tom treats a woman suffering from orgasmic sneezing.
**30** **\"The Promise\"** The ER is quarantined when Nikki\'s blood tests show a strange antibody. Nikki dies. On a medivac, a ute explodes, injuring Dave\'s eyes. Marina guides the chopper to safety.
**31** **\"The Sleep of Reason\"** Bree and Harry\'s relationship evolves. Dave professes his love for Marina. A man is suspected of causing a car accident and is attacked by the girlfriend of a man who died. Tom steals morphine to help his cancer.
**32** **\"All The Saints And Angels\"** Marina has dinner with Dave. Marina risks her life to help a trapped man in a collapsed mine. A jockey dies after a fall, but the man\'s mother is opposed to organ donation.
**33** **\"Second Chance\"** Marina spends the night with Dave. Arch proposes when Madeleine becomes pregnant, but she rejects him. The ER staff contract food poisoning. When a benefactor dies before signing a cheque for a new x-ray machine, Tom forges his signature.
**34** **\"Silence\"** Gosia welcomes intern Sean Michaels. Oopy quits to become a cosmetic surgeon in Hollywood. Harry and Bree get engaged. Wayne and Peter investigate an abandoned building. Twins suffering heart attacks leave the hospital a donation.
**35** **\"Last Sacrament\"** Macy develops a brain aneurysm, which bursts and she dies. Harry and Bree put their wedding on hold in honour of Macy. Wayne intends to leave the Department.
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# Medivac (TV series)
## Episodes
### Season 3 {#season_3}
No. Episode Overview
-------- ------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**36** **\"Duty of Care\"** Rhino collapses during a soccer match, due to Guillain-Barre Syndrome. Julia passes over Gosia as the department\'s new Nurse Manager. A patient has taken medication which clashes with his gout medicine, leading to a severe reaction.
**37** **\"Sharing the Blame\"** A yachting victim brings luggage into the hospital, but it contains cocaine. The yacht\'s skipper, is a smuggler who is on his way to pick up the drugs. A patient nearly dies and Eric is to blame. Eric quits as Nurse Manager and Julia suggests Gosia for the role.
**38** **\"Protection\"** Stella\'s brother turns up with a gunshot wound and thugs come looking for him job. Stella and Marina disagree over a 14-year-old being put on the pill. Julia and Tom\'s friendship develops into something more.
**39** **\"Pity\"** Tom and Arch are called out to a violent domestic dispute. Unable to remove her wedding ring, the woman amputates her own finger. A man with Korsakov\'s Syndrome comes into ER. Sean discovers Tom\'s file. Dave asks Marina to move in with him.
**40** **\"Calling the Shots\"** Evie and Stella disagree over treatment of a suspected drug addict. The patient is readmitted after an OD and dies. Marina leaves the convent and feels she now has to move in with Dave. Gosia finds accommodation for Ernie at a detox centre.
**41** **\"Denial\"** Tom takes a special interest in a cancer-ridden patient, wanting her to receive palliative care, while Arch tries to have her accept her imminent death. Dave proposes to Marina, but she refuses. Arch discovers Tom and Julia\'s relationship.
**42** **\"Feet of Clay\"** Stella\'s brother is brutally beaten and dies from his injuries. Ernie\'s tragic past is revealed -- as a doctor he was unable to save the life of his wife, which led to alcoholism. Sean saves Evie when their ambulance gets into an accident.
**43** **\"Code Purple\"** A boy fakes an illness because he doesn\'t want to go to church to confess his \'sins\'. A man ingests a fish hook on a drunken dare. In pain, Tom takes morphine but collapses. Sean\'s phobia surfaces when a girl and her pet spider are admitted.
**44** **\"Wants and Needs\"** Sean, Evie, and Gosia treat a boy with a broken leg but find homeless kids living in an underground sewer and a man with a 16th century sweating sickness. Marina suspects she is being stalked. Tom\'s cancer is getting worse and Arch wants him replaced.
**45** **\"Boy Scout\"** When called out to an isolated farmhouse, Sean and Evie\'s pilot is murdered and their helicopter is stolen. As Tom returns to work, Arch wants him placed on the impaired practitioners register.
**46** **\"True Colours\"** Marina\'s stalker gets a job at the hospital. Soon afterwards, Mark attacks her, but Arch saves her. Tom collapses while working on a patient and Dr Peter Michaels tells him it\'s time to leave his job. Stella informs Tom of a new experimental cancer trial.
**47** **\"When People Love You\"** A gambling addict is brought in following a suicide attempt. He is then diagnosed with terminal kidney failure. Marina resigns, unsure about her relationship with Arch. Tom\'s cancer therapy is not working. Julia and Tom get married.
**48** **\"God\'s Greatest Gift\"** Tom goes into cardiac arrest and must be rushed to ER to be revived. Marina return to the convent, but then decides to give her relationship with Arch a go. Sean and Evie reunite and Evie receives a scholarship.
## Filming locations {#filming_locations}
The former Australian Taxation Office building at 320 Adelaide Street, on the corner of Wharf Street in the Brisbane CBD, was used as the location of the hospital.
The old Brisbane Domestic Airport terminal area where the car auctions are held, was used for a scene set in western Queensland. The tarmac was covered in dirt for filming
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# Topological derivative
The **topological derivative** is, conceptually, a derivative of a shape functional with respect to infinitesimal changes in its topology, such as adding an infinitesimal hole or crack. When used in higher dimensions than one, the term **topological gradient** is also used to name the first-order term of the topological asymptotic expansion, dealing only with infinitesimal singular domain perturbations. It has applications in shape optimization, topology optimization, image processing and mechanical modeling.
## Definition
Let $\Omega$ be an open bounded domain of $\mathbb{R}^d$, with $d \geq 2$, which is subject to a nonsmooth perturbation confined in a small region $\omega_\varepsilon(\tilde{x}) = \tilde{x} + \varepsilon \omega$ of size $\varepsilon$ with $\tilde{x}$ an arbitrary point of $\Omega$ and $\omega$ a fixed domain of $\mathbb{R}^d$. Let $\Psi$ be a characteristic function associated to the unperturbed domain and $\Psi_\varepsilon$ be a characteristic function associated to the perforated domain $\Omega_\varepsilon = \Omega \backslash \overline{\omega_\varepsilon}$. A given shape functional $\Phi(\Psi_\varepsilon(\tilde{x}))$ associated to the topologically perturbed domain, admits the following **topological asymptotic expansion**:
$\Phi(\Psi_\varepsilon(\tilde{x})) = \Phi(\Psi) + f(\varepsilon) g(\tilde{x}) + o(f(\varepsilon))$
where $\Phi(\Psi)$ is the shape functional associated to the reference domain, $f(\varepsilon)$ is a positive first order correction function of $\Phi(\Psi)$ and $o(f(\varepsilon))$ is the remainder. The function $g(\tilde{x})$ is called the topological derivative of $\Phi$ at $\tilde{x}$.
## Applications
### Structural mechanics {#structural_mechanics}
The topological derivative can be applied to shape optimization problems in structural mechanics. The topological derivative can be considered as the singular limit of the shape derivative. It is a generalization of this classical tool in shape optimization. Shape optimization concerns itself with finding an optimal shape. That is, find $\Omega$ to minimize some scalar-valued objective function, $J(\Omega)$. The topological derivative technique can be coupled with level-set method.
In 2005, the topological asymptotic expansion for the Laplace equation with respect to the insertion of a short crack inside a plane domain had been found. It allows to detect and locate cracks for a simple model problem: the steady-state heat equation with the heat flux imposed and the temperature measured on the boundary. The topological derivative had been fully developed for a wide range of second-order differential operators and in 2011, it had been applied to Kirchhoff plate bending problem with a fourth-order operator.
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# Topological derivative
## Applications
### Image processing {#image_processing}
In the field of image processing, in 2006, the topological derivative has been used to perform edge detection and image restoration. The impact of an insulating crack in the domain is studied. The topological sensitivity gives information on the image edges. The presented algorithm is non-iterative and thanks to the use of spectral methods has a short computing time. Only $O(Nlog(N))$ operations are needed to detect edges, where $N$ is the number of pixels. During the following years, other problems have been considered: classification, segmentation, inpainting and super-resolution. This approach can be applied to gray-level or color images. Until 2010, isotropic diffusion was used for image reconstructions. The topological gradient is also able to provide edge orientation and this information can be used to perform anisotropic diffusion.
In 2012, a general framework is presented to reconstruct an image $u \in L^2(\Omega)$ given some noisy observations $Lu+n$ in a Hilbert space $E$ where $\Omega$ is the domain where the image $u$ is defined. The observation space $E$ depends on the specific application as well as the linear observation operator $L : L^2(\Omega) \rightarrow E$. The norm on the space $E$ is $\|.\|_E$. The idea to recover the original image is to minimize the following functional for $u \in H^1(\Omega)$:
$\| C^{1/2} \nabla u \|_{L^2(\Omega)}^2 + \|Lu-v\|_E^2$
where $C$ is a positive definite tensor. The first term of the equation ensures that the recovered image $u$ is regular, and the second term measures the discrepancy with the data. In this general framework, different types of image reconstruction can be performed such as
- image denoising with $E=L^2(\Omega)$ and $Lu=u$,
- image denoising and deblurring with $E=L^2(\Omega)$ and $Lu=\phi \ast u$ with $\phi$ a motion blur or Gaussian blur,
- image inpainting with $E=L^2(\Omega\backslash\omega)$ and $Lu=u|_{\Omega\backslash\omega}$, the subset $\omega \subset\Omega$ is the region where the image has to be recovered.
In this framework, the asymptotic expansion of the cost function $J_\Omega(u_\Omega) = \frac{1}{2} \int_\Omega u_\Omega^2$ in the case of a crack provides the same topological derivative $g(x,n) = - \pi c (\nabla u_0.n) (\nabla p_0.n) - \pi(\nabla u_0.n)^2$ where $n$ is the normal to the crack and $c$ a constant diffusion coefficient. The functions $u_0$ and $p_0$ are solutions of the following direct and adjoint problems.
$-\nabla ( c \nabla u_0 ) + L^* L u_0 = L^* v$ in $\Omega$ and $\partial_n u_0 = 0$ on $\partial \Omega$
$-\nabla ( c \nabla p_0 ) + L^* L p_0 = \Delta u_0$ in $\Omega$ and $\partial_n p_0 = 0$ on $\partial \Omega$
Thanks to the topological gradient, it is possible to detect the edges and their orientation and to define an appropriate $C$ for the image reconstruction process.
In image processing, the topological derivatives have also been studied in the case of a multiplicative noise of gamma law or in presence of Poissonian statistics.
### Inverse problems {#inverse_problems}
In 2009, the topological gradient method has been applied to tomographic reconstruction. The coupling between the topological derivative and the level set has also been investigated in this application. In 2023, topological derivative was used to optimize shapes for inverse rendering.
## Books
A. A. Novotny and J. Sokolowski, *Topological derivatives in shape optimization*, Springer, 2013
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# Lee Hawkins Garby
**Lee Hawkins Garby** (1890--1957) was the co-author with Edward Elmer Smith of the 1928 serial novel *The Skylark of Space*, the first science fiction story in which humans left the Solar System. She was the wife of Dr. Carl DeWitt Garby, a friend of Smith\'s from college at the University of Idaho.
The novel was first published as a book in 1946, as *The Skylark of Space: The Tale of the First Inter-Stellar Cruise* (Buffalo Book Company(?)), naming Garby and Smith on the title page but Smith alone on the cover ---with frontispiece by Charles Schneeman. The Library of Congress catalogs it as \"by Edward E. Smith, in collaboration with Mrs. Lee Hawkins Garby\"; publisher Southgate Press. A revised edition by Smith alone was published by Pyramid Books in 1958 and reissued many times. From 2007 the original by Garby and Smith has been in print again.
## Life
Hawkins was born in Missouri in 1890 and died 1957. She was the daughter of Jameson R. Hawkins (1849--1917) and Julia Valinda Offutt (1857--1929), and had five siblings, William, Sarah Valinda, Ellen, Mary, and Elijah.
Doctor Garby was born in Lewiston, Idaho in 1892, the son of Charles Henry Garby (born Germany) and Adelaide Laventia Strickland (born New York). He graduated from Lewiston Normal School in 1910, and was a classmate with Smith in the Class of 1914 at the University of Idaho, earning a degree in chemical engineering. In 1919, Dr. Garby worked for the Bureau of Chemistry in Washington DC. The Garbys had a daughter born in mid-1918. Garby was pregnant and gave birth to her daughter at the same time as Jeannie Smith was pregnant and gave birth to Roderick, and Dr. Smith was completing his studies and his World War I service. How this affected the completion of *Skylark* is unknown. Carl Garby received his PhD in chemistry in 1921 from George Washington University. Carl Dewitt Garby died in 1928, possibly due to workplace chemical poisoning. Lee Hawkins was appointed a junior clerk at the US Department of Agriculture on March 2, 1929.
The Garbys also had a son on June 7, 1920 Dr. Rodes Carl Garby, who contributed interviews regarding the writing of *The Skylark of Space*.
Amateur critic \"Gharlane of Eddore\" described his conversation with Dr. Smith on the writing of *The Skylark of Space* in a rec.arts.sf.written post in 1998: `{{blockquote|Mrs. Lee Hawkins Garby's name is listed on the title page of all known hardback editions of "THE SKYLARK OF SPACE," since she co-wrote. She was ''not'', repeat, ''not'', "dragged in" to "spice up" the story for magazine publication. "Spice up?" It is to guffaw; both Richard Ballinger Seaton and Dorothy Vaneman were virgins when they married! ... As for the ''actual'' publication history, E. E. Smith, who was not yet a PhD at the time, began working on the yarn in the mid 1910s, but was being desultory about it due to his discomfort with the writing of love scenes and social dialog. His college buddy, Garby, had a wife with literary pretensions, who was actually pretty fair for the era; she offered to help out, and did a bunch of the writing and typing. This is why the original manuscript, completed in 1916, was listed as "by Edward E. Smith and Mrs. Lee Hawkins Garby." There was an extensive rewrite, by the original two writers, around 1919, right after EES got loose from his Army responsibilities after WW I.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://groups.google.gy/group/rec.arts.sf.written/tree/browse_frm/month/1998-03/82123c5b50a3c0ab?rnum=11&_done=%2Fgroup%2Frec.arts.sf.written%2Fbrowse_frm%2Fmonth%2F1998-03%3F |title=Google Groups |publisher=Groups.google.gy |access-date=2015-02-23}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki}
Garby is acknowledged in some circles as an early female writer of science fiction, but little is known of her life and she made no known contributions to the field beyond her involvement with *Skylark*. The brief reference to her in *Partners in Wonder: Women and the Birth of Science Fiction, 1926-1965* notes that Smith never hesitated to mention either her gender or marital status, always referring to her as Mrs. Garby
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# Good Counsel Hill
**Good Counsel Hill** is a notable location in Mankato, Minnesota. This hill is located off US Highway 14 and is home to Loyola Catholic School and a motherhouse for the School Sisters of Notre Dame, who arrived in Mankato in 1865. It\'s easy to find because of its location just off the freeway, and because of the water tower located on the top of the hill
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# Heritage High School (Vancouver, Washington)
**Heritage High School** (**HHS**) is a high school in Vancouver, Washington. Built in 1999, it has grown to the 24th largest school in the entirety of the state, at approximately 2,200 students. The school is represented with the colors purple, green, and white, as well as mascot Terry the Timberwolf.
## Athletics
- Baseball
- League Champions: 2007, 2008
- District Champions: 2007
- Basketball (Boys)
- District Champions: 2009
- Cheerleading
- State Champions: 2002, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 (Grand Champions)
- USA National Champions: 2009
- Cross Country (Boys)
- League Champions: 2001, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007
- District Champions: 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007
- State Meet appearances: 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2015
- Cross Country (Girls)
- League Champions: 2003, 2004, 2005
- District Champions: 2002, 2004
- State Meet appearances: 2002, 2004
- Dance Team
- State Champions: 2007, 2008, 2009
- PacWest National Champions: 2009
- Football
- League Champions: 2001, 2008
- Golf (Boys)
- League Champions: 2000, 2005, 2007
- District Champions: 2007
- Gymnastics
- League Champions: 2002
- District Champions: 2001, 2002
- Boys Soccer
- League Champions: 2004
- Soccer (Girls)
- District Champions: 2007
- Softball
- League Champions: 2002
- District Champions: 2001
- Tennis (Boys)
- District Champions: 2005
- Track (Boys)
- State Track Champions: 2008
- League Champions: 2002, 2003, 2004
- District Champions: 2002, 2003
- Track (Girls)
- League Champions: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007
- District Champions: 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007
- Volleyball
- League Champions: 2003, 2004
- District Champions: 2003, 2004, 2006
- Wrestling
- State Champions: 2003
- League Champions: 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008
- District Champions: 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007
-
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# Heritage High School (Vancouver, Washington)
## Controversies
### Sex with students {#sex_with_students}
Tyler J. Benedict, a band teacher who had worked at the school for 3 years, was arrested on suspicion of first-degree sexual misconduct with a minor on July 31, 2010. The minor in question was a 17-year-old female student of his that had known him since her freshman year. The case began when the victim\'s parents discovered inappropriate text messages between Benedict and their daughter and reported it to the police. Her and Benedict both confessed to being in a romantic, sexual relationship and that they committed sex acts on 2 separate occasions within the summer. On August 3, he was released from custody with a no contact order restricting him from having any contact with female minors and prohibiting him from going anywhere where children congregate. The Evergreen Public School District then placed him on administrative leave. On October 7, 2010, Tyler J. Benedict pleaded guilty to 1 count of sexual misconduct with a minor in the first-degree. He was sentenced to 9 months in jail, 1 year of community supervision, and had to register as a sex offender for 10 years. His last day of employment at Heritage High School was October 14, 2010.[1](https://www.k12.wa.us/sites/default/files/public/profpractices/investigations/actiontaken/benedictt418018h_ada.pdf)
### Bomb threats {#bomb_threats}
February 4, 2008, a note was discovered in a bathroom of the school that had threats of blowing up the school. Later, a suspicious backpack was found lying near a portable classroom. Police were called to the scene and originally allowed students to remain in their classes while they swept the school for explosives. But after they determined a full search of the school was necessary, students were forced to evacuate the building. The building was found to be safe, and classes resumed as usual the next day.
October 14, 2014, a call was made to the school about a bomb being at or near the school. The school immediately went into lockdown and all access points to the school were closed to anyone lacking police permission. Parents attempting to pick up their children up were asked to wait at a former Albertsons nearby to eliminate any danger of interference or injury. After a thorough search of the school, the police found nothing suspicious and lifted the lockdown at 4 pm, an hour later than the usual dismissal time.
April 24, 2023, an object resembling a bomb was discovered in the courtyard area of the school and promptly triggered a lockdown. The Metropolitan Explosive Disposal Unit was contacted and removed the object from the school after determining it to be harmless.
October 15, 2024, a student was detained for making a threat on Snapchat to \"blow up\" the school. The student\'s locker and backpack were searched and nothing of suspicion was found.
### Arson
August 9, 2015, 2 anonymous juveniles were suspected of setting fire to areas of dry grass around the school, causing up to \$500 in damages. No charges were ever filed.
### Tuberculosis spread {#tuberculosis_spread}
June 4, 2020, a student/faculty member of Heritage was suspected to be carrying Tuberculosis. June 6, the case was confirmed by the Clark County Public Health Department. The department was then forced to attempt to reach out to the 150 individuals that could\'ve been exposed to TB. The likelihood of the disease spreading was considered low at the time, and no evidence of any other cases were found within the school.
### Gang-related shooting {#gang_related_shooting}
February 18, 2022, a male teenager was shot off-campus just two blocks south of the high school. This thrusted the school into a lockout situation which lasted 40 minutes. The principal, Derek Garrison, later said that the lockout was just a precaution and the students on the campus were safe and out of danger. Deputies who came to the scene stated a large crowd of 20-30 Heritage students surrounded the injured individual. The teen was taken to the hospital and treated for a gunshot wound to the upper arm. The cause of the shooting was later determined to be from an ongoing war between rival gang members.
### Knife fight {#knife_fight}
On February 25, 2022, Xavier Echevarria (a student of Mountain View High School (Washington)), arrived at Heritage High School. Echevarria went to the school to fight over an alleged accusation made by another student. He was driven there by a Heritage student. During the fight, Echevarria pulled out a knife, 6 inches and hooked, and accidentally cut himself in the left arm. A student involved in the fight had been sliced in the left side. Another student also sustained a minor injury in the fight, but this was found to be unrelated to the knife. The injuries were all non-life-threatening. The police were called shortly after the dispute and Echevarria was transported to a local hospital. His laceration required 16 stitches. The incident was originally believed to related to the gang violence around the school just a week before, but the Clark County Sheriff\'s Department (Washington) found no evidence of any connection. Echevarria was later brought to court on suspicion of first-degree assault and possessing a dangerous weapon on a school campus. Echevarria was held at juvenile detention with a bail set at \$20,000, and his court date was on March 11, 2022.
### Gun on school property {#gun_on_school_property}
May 26, 2022, school staff found and confiscated a gun discovered in a student\'s backpack. The gun was unloaded. The student was arrested for possession of a dangerous weapon on school property and brought to a juvenile detention center. He was found to have no ill intent with the weapon towards himself or others and released.
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# Heritage High School (Vancouver, Washington)
## Controversies
### Swatting attempt {#swatting_attempt}
On November 22, 2022, 911 received a concerning call describing a shooting occurring at the school. The caller claimed to be a teacher who had witnessed 7 students shot during an active shooting event. A deputy arrived on the scene within 2 minutes, and 5 more arrived less than a minute later along with several other law enforcement agencies. They quickly realized there was no danger or threat present at the school and left. The caller reportedly sounded like an individual who had made a similar false report about a shooting occurring at the Henrietta Lacks Health and Bioscience High School in September of the same year. At least 4 other schools within western Washington received similar threats within 2022.
### Shooting threats {#shooting_threats}
December 13, 2022, Jesse James Stowell arrived at Heritage and made several threats to bring weapons onto the campus and begin shooting people. Stowell, 18 years old, was a former student and had directed the threats towards people who had been involved in a fight with Stowell\'s younger sister. Stowell was later arrested off campus after an unnamed staff member followed him. He was detained on site for trespassing. After an investigation, he was arrested for first-degree assault, threats to bomb or harm property/people, and second-degree trespassing. Felony harassment was later added onto his list of charges. His bail was set at \$10,000, and his court date was scheduled for December 28, however he was exonerated on December 16
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# Kathryn Ann Clarke
**Kathryn Ann Clarke** is an American writer living in Ireland, known for her young adult fiction and her work in domestic violence prevention, and also for her Catholic mystical writings published under the pseudonym \"Anne, a lay apostle\".
## Domestic violence prevention {#domestic_violence_prevention}
Kathryn Ann Clarke earned her BA degree at Saint Xavier University in Criminal Justice/Counseling. For over twenty years, she has counseled women victims of domestic violence. As a Certified Law Enforcement Instructor, she has presented numerous training programs for counselors, prosecutors, police officers, and judges.
Clarke\'s 2004 novel *The Breakable Vow*, a work of young adult fiction, explores issues of abusive relationships and domestic violence, and is accompanied by a curriculum guide for use in schools.
## Mystical writings {#mystical_writings}
In September 2001, Clarke visited the town of Medjugorje in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a site of alleged apparitions of the Virgin Mary since the 1980s, and soon thereafter began to write messages she claimed to be from Jesus, the Virgin Mary, and various Catholic saints. Clarke stated she received these messages in prayer as interior locutions.
In 2003, she began to publish these in ten books under the general title \"*Direction for Our Times as Given to \'Anne\', a lay apostle*\", saying she was adopting a pseudonym to protect her family. The first four volumes were issued by CMJ Marian Publishers based in Chicago by May 2004. On October 15, 2004, \"Anne\" recorded the last message of the ten volumes, and several more volumes of the set were issued in December 2004. Volumes 5 and 8 were published in 2013.
### Topics
These are the titles of the ten books:
- Volume One: Thoughts on Spirituality
- Volume Two: Conversations with the Eucharistic Heart of Jesus
- Volume Three: Part 1: God the Father Speaks to His Children, Part 2: Blessed Mother Speaks to Priests and Bishops
- Volume Four: Part 1: Jesus the King, Part 2: Heaven Speaks to Priests, Part 3: Jesus Speaks to Sinners
- Volume Five: Jesus the Redeemer
- Volume Six: Heaven Speaks to Families
- Volume Seven: Greetings From Heaven
- Volume Eight: Resting in the Heart of the Savior
- Volume Nine: Angels
- Volume Ten: Jesus Speaks to His Apostles
She has written several other mystical books and prayers under the "Anne" pseudonym, including *Climbing the Mountain*, *Mist of Mercy*, *Serving in Clarity*, and *Suspended in Mystery*. More recently, she has written *The Map*, but under her own name. All are available on the Direction for Our Times website. She claims to still be receiving messages and posts these on various social media accounts.
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# Kathryn Ann Clarke
## Mystical writings {#mystical_writings}
### Direction for Our Times {#direction_for_our_times}
\'Direction for Our Times\' (DFOT) is a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization, founded in December 2004, with offices in Justice, Illinois. It is also a Company Limited by Guarantee (CLG) organization in Ireland with offices in Ballyjamesduff, County Cavan. It is dedicated to spreading the messages of Jesus and Mary throughout the world. The messages are available in eighteen different languages.
The Catholic Church considers evidence of a search for profit or gain strictly connected to the fact from a purported private revelation to be one of five potential negative indicators for authenticity. Since the Vatican only considers this a \"potential negative indicator\", it is unknown whether Kathryn Clarke\'s drawing a salary from her organization can be considered \"evidence of a search for profit or gain strictly connected to the fact.\" In other words, since personal financial gain that results from the fact of a purported private revelation is a potential negative indicator, the Catholic Church may or may not consider that to be evidence against supernatural activity.
According to Irish government information on charities, over the five fiscal years beginning July 1, 2014 and ending June 30, 2019, Ireland\'s DFOT had grossed over €1.52 million and had expenditures of nearly €1.47 million. Thus, the organization has been running at about break even with an average of only €10,000 profit per year. Given that the organization\'s annual average expenses are €300,000, they have barely managed to set aside €50,000 in five years which is not enough to cover more than two months operating expenses. It is unclear if these financial numbers would indicate any serious profit motif or search for profit. They have listed seven trustees: Fr. Darragh Connolly, James Clarke, Kathryn Clarke, John Murphy, Nora McCarthy, Jane Gomulka, and Eustace Mita. According to the CLG annual report filed with the Irish government, none of the directors received a salary, but \"salaries of €55,464 were paid to four connected parties of Kathryn Clarke (Company Director) and James Clarke (Company Director) during the year ended June 2019. 2018: €64,095. The connected party relationship of all four to Kathryn Clarke and James Clarke is that of parent and child.\" Like many small organizations, they appear to hire friends and family.
However, Kathryn Clarke has long drawn a salary from the nonprofit organized in the U.S. According to IRS form 990 returns on file with the state of Illinois, Kathryn Clarke, listed as the president of the organization, claimed to have worked 60 hours per week and earned \$115,714 in the fiscal year ending July 1, 2019. For the last 11 years combined, she has earned over \$1.2 million, only about \$100,000 annually, in salary according to publicly available nonprofit records. As CEO of her organization, she earns significantly less than the median non-profit CEO salary in the US of \$173,273 or the 90th percentile of \$268,699. Fr. Connolly, vice president and chaplain, is listed as making \$27,401 in 2019. The form also stated that McCarthy is Clarke\'s niece. Since the fiscal year ending in mid-2005, the United States\' DFOT has reported income over \$14.6 million. In that time, the organization reports it has also spent over half a million dollars on travel or approximately \$30,000 per year which many would not consider excessive given the size of organization and number of international events. The organization has publicly reported the following salary data:
key personnel YE June 2019 YE June 2018 YE June 2017 YE June 2016 YE June 2015 YE June 2014 YE June 2013 YE June 2012 YE June 2011 YE June 2010 YE June 2009
----------------------------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Kathryn Clarke reportable comp \$115,714 \$114,684 \$126,584 \$97,027 \$120,803 \$95,157 \$61,102 \$62,300 \$62,550 \$62,550 \$67,341
Kathryn Clarke additional comp. \-- \-- \$19,164 \$14,696 \$14,444 \$13,706 \$13,830 \$15,824 \$5,952 \$5,427 \$2,051
Darragh Connolly \$27,401 \$17,972 \$28,551 \$28,807 \$34,515 \$33,596 \$31,809 \$32,970 \$33,308 \$0 \$33,718
Darragh Connolly additional comp. \-- \-- \-- \-- \-- \-- \-- \-- \-- \$34,310 \--
: 501(c)(3) IRS-990 Reported Salary Data for DFOT
### Endorsements
Starting in September 2004, retired New Orleans Archbishop Philip Hannan promoted the \"Anne\" messages through his television organization FOCUS and supported them with a letter of endorsement which was published in each volume. FOCUS withdrew its support after the death of Archbishop Hannan in 2011.
In August 2011, Catholic evangelists Sr. Briege McKenna and Fr. Kevin Scallon publicly withdrew support for Direction for Our Times.
### Official Church review {#official_church_review}
DFOT stated that it publishes nothing without the permission of the local ordinary, who at the time was Bishop Leo O\'Reilly of the Diocese of Kilmore in Ireland. It also stated that Bishop O\'Reilly had submitted all of her writings to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in Rome.
Bishop O\'Reilly formed a theological commission to study the \"Anne\" writings in 2009, and the writings received the *Nihil Obstat* and *Imprimatur* on Nov 12, 2013. On November 29, 2018, Bishop Leo O\'Reilly granted the organization ecclesiastical status in the Church and issued a decree recognizing The Apostolate of the Returning King as a private association of the faithful with juridical personality. On Sept. 20, 2020, Bishop Martin Hayes was ordained the new bishop of the Diocese of Kilmore.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
According to her HarperCollins author bio, Clarke is a victim of domestic violence. She is married, and now resides in Ireland with her husband, who is a cattle farmer, and their six children
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# The Daughter of King Under-Waves
**The Daughter Of King Under-Waves** (*Nighean Righ Fo Thuinn*) is a Scottish fairy tale collected by John Francis Campbell in *Popular Tales of the West Highlands*. He listed as his source Roderick MacLean, a tailor of Ken Tangval, Barra, who reported hearing it from old men in South Uist, including Angus Macintyre, Bornish, who was about eighty. The text was written by H. MacLean, 1860.
It is a version of the tale of the loathly lady. This form of the tale appears in *Hrólfr Kraki\'s saga* and also in Child ballad 32, *King Henry*.
## Synopsis
The Fhinn were on the side of Beinn Eudainn, during a wild night. An uncouth woman, with hair down to her heels, appeared to them. She appealed to Fionn for shelter and was rejected; she screamed and went to Oisean, who also rejected her; she screamed and went to Diarmaid, who sheltered her. She turned into the most beautiful woman they had ever seen. She asked Diarmaid where he would have the finest castle built, and he said above Beinn Eudainn. It appeared, and they lived there. Three times, she gave a greyhound pup to one of the Fhinn who asked for it, and Diarmaid angrily said that she would not have done it if she remembered what he had saved her from and then begged her pardon, but the third time, despite his apology, she and the castle vanished.
He set out in search and found his way under the sea; there, he found three gulps of blood. There he met a woman gathering rushes, who told him that the king\'s daughter had just returned and was ill; no doctor could help her, and a bed of rushes was the most wholesome. The woman carried him to her in the bundle of rushes, and they were glad to see each other. She told him she had lost three gulps of blood; when he told her he had them, she told him she needed the cup of Righ Magh an Ioghnaidh, the King of Plain of Wonder, to drink from to recover. He set out and came to a rivulet he could not cross. A little russet man brought him over, and he reached the castle. There he shouted that he wanted either the cup or battle, and the king three times sent out forces against him, and Diarmaid killed them all. The king asked who he was, and said that if he had known that he would have given him the cup, because he would have known he would kill all his men. The little russet man bore him back and told him how to cure the woman, and warned him that he would take a great dislike to her when he did, and should say so and accept only a return to his own land from the king. He gave her the drinks as the man had said, and she recovered, but he took a dislike to her and admitted it. He accepted nothing but a ship back to his home.
## Motifs
The loathly lady is a common motif, appearing in such tales as *The Marriage of Sir Gawain*
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# Michelle Madrigal
**Michelle Madrigal Gaspar** (born November 4, 1988) is a Filipino and American former actress. She was a finalist of ABS-CBN reality talent search, *Star Circle Quest*. She has a younger sister named Micaella Madrigal and her elder sister, Ehra Madrigal is also an actress.
## Career
Michelle was a former contract star at ABS-CBN\'s Star Magic, where she started when she joined the reality talent search *Star Circle Quest* in 2004. Thereafter, she was cast in several TV shows in the network, particularly in the youth-oriented drama *SCQ Reload* and the fantasy horror series *Spirits* along with *Vietnam Rose*, *Crazy for You*, *Maging Sino Ka Man* and *Sineserye Presents: May Minamahal*.
In 2007, Annabelle Rama took her under her wing as her manager. She transferred to GMA Network along with her older sister Ehra Madrigal. Michelle and Ehra were both cover girls of FHM for the same month of September but in different years. She was one of the casts of the two fantasy drama series *Kamandag* and *Dyesebel*, via GMA Network, in where she played a villainess. Recently, she is included in the cast of *Luna Mystika* as one of the fairies (other being Pauleen Luna).
Recently, Michelle played Juana Manalo In *Zorro* and she will include in *Sine Novela: Tinik sa Dibdib* which stars Sunshine Dizon (later Nadine Samonte) as Lorna Yadao-Domingo, where she played the only crazy but humble sister in law of Trixie (Ara Mina, later Rita (Sheryl Cruz) Moret or Corazon Domingo.
In 2015, Madrigal returned to ABS-CBN and appeared in *Pasión de Amor* (based on *Pasión de Gavilanes*, produced by Telemundo), co-starring Jake Cuenca, Arci Muñoz, Ejay Falcon, Ellen Adarna, Joseph Marco and Coleen Garcia. Michelle and her sister Ehra are now talents of Viva Artist Agency since 2015, while in 2016 the supporting roles with Rodessa in the TV series *Born for You*, and the supporting and last appearances as SPO3 Sunshine Monteloyola in *Ang Probinsyano*.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
On April 30, 2017, Madrigal announced through Instagram that she and her partner, Troy Woolfolk, had been expecting their first child for three months. She gave birth to Anika Austin on October 20, 2017, whom they are coparenting. In July 2017, Madrigal announced that she and Woolfolk became engaged. In August 2021, Michelle and her husband confirmed that they separated as they go through their divorce by posting on their respective Instagram accounts.
On February 12, 2022, Michelle confirmed that she took the oath to be a naturalized American citizen.
In August 2022, Madrigal dated American boyfriend Kyle but they separated in July 2023. In May 2024, she introduced her new partner Kevin Neal. They were married on July 22, 2024 at Travis County Courthouse.
In July 2024, Madrigal announced the motor vehicle theft of her white Acura MDX with vehicle registration plate SJL6243 along North Austin, Round Rock, Hutto, Manor, or Taylor area.
## Filmography
### Television
Year Title Role
------------ -------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------
2004 *SCQ Reload: OK Ako!* Michelle \"Mitch\" Revilla
*Spirits* Maya
2005 *SCQ Reload: Kilig Ako!* Michelle \"Mitch\" Revilla
2005--2006 *Vietnam Rose* Faith Dela Cerna
2006 *Crazy for You* Sabrina
2006--2007 *Maging Sino Ka Man* Yvette Ramos
2007 *Sineserye Presents: May Minamahal* Mandy Tagle
2007--2008 *Carlo J. Caparas\' Kamandag* Eliza
2008 *Mars Ravelo\'s Dyesebel* Berbola
2008--2009 *Luna Mystika* Anata
2009 *Zorro* Juana Manalo / Caballera
2009--2010 *Sine Novela: Tinik sa Dibdib* Moret / Corazon Domingo
2010 *First Time* Valeria Gomez
2011 *Mars Ravelo\'s Captain Barbell: Ang Pagbabalik* Anita / Cyclone
2011--2012 *Kung Aagawin Mo ang Langit* Bridgitte Samonte
2012 *Faithfully* Luchie Trajano
2012--2013 *Temptation of Wife* Chantal Armada
2013 *Love and Lies* Catherine \"Cathy\" Alcantara-Galvez
2013--2014 *Adarna* Garuda
2015--2016 * Pasión de Amor* Lucia \"Cia\" Espejo
2016 *Born for You* Rodessa
### Film
Year Title Role
------ ------------------------ -----------
2005 *D\' Anothers* Mayumi
2006 *I Wanna Be Happy*
*Mano Po 5: Gua Ai Di* Kate
2007 *One More Chance*
*Resiklo* Dr
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# Air Chaparral
**Air Chaparral** was an American regional airline. It was active from 1980 through 1983 with its main office located in Reno, Nevada and a maintenance base located in a former military alert hangar at Spokane, Washington. It provided scheduled passenger airline service to a number of destinations in Nevada with connecting flights also operated to Salt Lake City, Utah and Hawthorne, California. It also provided both scheduled and non-scheduled (Part 135) air freight service.
The airline\'s flight call sign was Maverick, used to identify company aircraft to aircraft controllers and tower personnel.
Another regional air carrier using a similar name was Chaparral Airlines based at the Abilene Regional Airport in Texas which operated American Eagle (airline brand) service via a code sharing agreement on behalf of American Airlines.
## History
In 1981 Air Chaparral acquired the operating assets of **Inland Empire Airlines (IEA)**, a California-based commuter air carrier that operated scheduled passenger service with Fairchild F-27 propjets in addition to Swearingen Metro II and Metro III propjets as well as Piper Navajo Chieftain prop aircraft, with this carrier being initially established as **Pomona Valley Aviation** in 1968. Inland Empire flew scheduled passenger service to destinations primarily in California but also to Arizona and Nevada as well. Cities served by Inland Empire from 1979 to 1982 included Los Angeles (LAX), San Francisco (SFO), San Jose (SJC), Sacramento (SMF), Burbank (BUR), Ontario (ONT) and Las Vegas (LAS) as well as smaller destinations including Palm Springs (PSP), Fresno (FAT), Stockton (SCK), Modesto (MOD), Merced (MCE), Visalia (VIS), Inyokern (IYK), Apple Valley (APV), La Verne (POC), Bullhead City (IFP), Lake Havasu City (HII) and Grand Canyon National Park Airport (GCN). Inland Empire continued to operate under its own name, and when Air Chaparral filed for bankruptcy in 1983, Inland Empire once again became an independent, stand-alone company. According to its March 1983 system timetable, Inland Empire (IEA) was based in Reno, Nevada at this time and was operating scheduled passenger flights in California with Fairchild F-27 and Swearingen Metro turboprop aircraft with service to San Francisco (SFO), Los Angeles (LAX), Ontario (ONT), Fresno (FAT), Stockton (SCK), Modesto (MOD), Merced (MCE) and Visalia (VIS).
On 22 July 1981 the United States Air Force chose not to renew a lease with Air Chaparral, under which AC had been providing three turboprop-powered aircraft to the government. The Air Force issued a solicitation for other providers, but when no bids were submitted in the first round, AC officers formed a wholly owned subsidiary company (Huff Leasing Company), and submitted a bid under that name. There were two bidders under that round of solicitations, and Huff was the low bidder, receiving the Air Force nod to provide the aircraft. However, the other bidder objected, pointing out that Huff was merely a shell for the previously-rejected AC. The Air Force agreed and voided its lease with Huff. Huff appealed, but the appeal was denied by the US Court of Appeals for District of Columbia District in a 2 September 1983 decision. By that time, Air Chaparral had ceased operations and had filed for bankruptcy.
## Destinations
The airline division of Air Chaparral began flying in 1980, with Donald Simon as its president. Nevada cities served according to its flight schedules included:
- Austin, Nevada
- Elko, Nevada
- Ely, Nevada
- Fallon, Nevada
- Las Vegas, Nevada
- Reno, Nevada
- Tonopah, Nevada
- Winnemucca, Nevada
Air Chaparral also provided overnight freight service to GELCO Courier, transporting canceled checks overnight to Federal Reserve Bank locations along the US west coast. Flights operated between:
- Spokane, WA
- Seattle, WA (Boeing Field)
- Portland, OR
- Oakland, CA
- Burbank, CA
## Accidents and incidents {#accidents_and_incidents}
- On 2 March 1981, a Cessna T210N, registration N77FB, en route from Fallon to Austin crashed in foul weather. Both the pilot and the single passenger died in the accident. As a result of this accident the US Civil Aeronautics Board reviewed Air Chaparral\'s \"commuter carrier fitness determination\" in a 16 April 1981 board meeting in Washington, D.C.
- On 28 December 1981, an Air Chaparral cargo flight, a Cessna 402C, registration N2749N, traveling from Spokane, Washington to Lewiston, Idaho, attempted to land at the Pullman, Washington airport during a heavy snowstorm. The airplane struck a ridge about one-half-mile (0.8 km) north of the airport, killing the pilot, who was the sole occupant. Investigators determined that visibility conditions at the time of the crash were below landing minimums for that airport. The pilot had 13,000 hours of flight time
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# Erwin Geschonneck
**Erwin Geschonneck** (27 December 1906 -- 12 March 2008) was a German actor. His biggest success occurred in the German Democratic Republic, where he was considered one of the most famous actors of the time.
## Early life {#early_life}
Geschonneck was born in Bartenstein, East Prussia (now Bartoszyce, Poland), the son of a poor shoemaker. The family moved to Berlin in 1909 so his father could work as a nightwatchman. In 1919, the younger Geschonneck joined the Communist Party of Germany. After the Nazi takeover in 1933, he emigrated to the Soviet Union via Poland, but was expelled in 1938 and moved to Prague. After the German occupation of Bohemia and Moravia, he was arrested on 31 March 1939. During World War II, he was imprisoned in several Nazi concentration camps. In 1945, Geschonneck was one of the few prisoners who survived the RAF sinking of the Cap Arcona.
## Career
Immediately following the war, Geschonneck acted in theaters in Hamburg, Germany, and made his film debut in 1947 in *In jenen Tagen*. He subsequently moved to East Germany, worked with Bertolt Brecht, and became a successful actor. He was a member of the jury at the 6th and 7th Moscow International Film Festivals.
Geschonneck was featured in the German film *Jacob the Liar* by Frank Beyer, which was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 1977 Academy Awards -- the only nomination for the GDR. In December 2006, he turned 100.
His last film, made in 1995 for the German television network ARD, was *Matulla und Busch*, where he played alongside veteran actor Fred Delmare. Geschonneck\'s son Matti Geschonneck directed.
## Death
Geschonneck died in Berlin on 12 March 2008, aged 101.
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# Erwin Geschonneck
## Filmography
- *Kuhle Wampe* (1932) -- Arbeitersportler (uncredited)
- *In Those Days* (1947) -- Schmitt / 6. Geschichte
- *Finale* (1948) -- Wilke
- *The Last Night* (1949) -- Oskar, Fahrer
- *Love \'47* (1949) -- Kriminalbeamter
- *The Beaver Coat* (1949) -- Motes
- *Harbour Melody* (1950) -- Emil
- *Das Kalte Herz* (1950) -- Holländer-Michel
- *Das Beil von Wandsbek* (1951) -- Albert Teetjen
- *Schatten über den Inseln* (1952) -- Dr. Sten Horn
- *Die Unbesiegbaren* (1953) -- Wilhelm Liebknecht
- *Alarm im Zirkus* (1954) -- Klott
- *Das Stacheltier: Das Haushaltswunder* (1955) -- Abteilungsleiter Vogel
- *Das Stacheltier: Es geht um die Wurst* (1955) -- Leo Weiß, Friseur
- *Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder* (1955, unfinished film) -- Feldprediger
- *Les Aventures de Till L\'Espiègle* (1956) -- Bras d\'Acier
- *Der Hauptmann von Köln* (1956) -- Hans Karjanke
- *Schlösser und Katen* (1957) -- Bröker
- *Katzgraben* (1957) -- Großmann, ein Großbauer
- *Der Lotterieschwede* (1958) -- Johan Jönsson
- *Geschichte vom armen Hassan* (1958) -- Machmud
- *SAS 181 antwortet nicht* (1959)
- *Musterknaben* (1960) -- Arthur Wedel
- *Leute mit Flügeln* (1960) -- Bartuscheck
- *Five Cartridges* (1960) -- Kommissar Wittig
- *Ach, du fröhliche* (1962) -- Walter Lörke
- *Wind von vorn* (1962) -- Schorsch
- *Naked Among Wolves* (1963) -- Walter Kraemer
- *Carbide and Sorrel* (1963) -- Kalle
- *Tiefe Furchen* (1965) -- Roter Schuster
- *Berlin um die Ecke* (1965) -- Paul Krautmann
- *Geschichten jener Nacht* (1967) -- Willi Lenz (segment \"Der grosse und der kleine Willi\")
- *Die Fahne von Kriwoj Rog* (1967) -- Otto Brosowski Sr.
- *Ein Lord am Alexanderplatz* (1967) -- Ewald Honig
- *Wir kaufen eine Feuerwehr* (1970) -- Herr Clasen
- *Sonnensucher* (1972) -- Jupp König
- *Tüzolto Utca 25* (1973) -- Szentiványi
- *Der Untergang der Emma* (1974) -- Fährmann Kluge
- *Jacob the Liar* (1974) -- Kowalski
- *Looping* (1975) -- Bienes Vater
- *Bankett für Achilles* (1975) -- Meister Achilles
- *Das Licht auf dem Galgen* (1976) -- Bering
- *Tambari* (1977) -- Luden Dassow
- *Anton, der Zauberer* (1978) -- Vater Grubske
- *Das Ding im Schloß* (1979) -- Prof. Bunzberger
- *Circus maximus* (1980) -- Szakállas
- *Levins Mühle* (1980) -- Johann
- *Asta, mein Engelchen* (1981) -- Otto Gratzick / Hermann Gschwinder
- *Der Mann von der Cap Arcona* (1982) -- Erwin Gregorek
- *Wie die Alten sungen\...* (1986) -- Walter Lörke
- *Mensch, mein Papa\...!* (1988) -- Erich Zarling
## Television
- *Die Gewehre der Frau Carrar* (1953) -- Pedro
- *Gewissen in Aufruhr* (TV miniseries, 1961) -- Oberst Joachim Ebershagen
- *Der Andere neben dir* (1963) -- Prof. Marschner
- *Asphalt-Story* (1964) -- Robby Assmann
- *Die Ermittlung -- Oratorium in 11 Gesängen* (1966) -- Zeuge 9
- *Rendezvous mit Unbekannt* (TV miniseries, 1969)
- *Jeder stirbt für sich allein* (TV miniseries, 1970) -- Otto Quangel
- *Das Geheimnis der Anden* (TV miniseries, 1972) -- Don Pineto / Prof
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# Ayyab
**Ayyab** was a ruler of Aštartu (present day Tell Ashtara) south of Damascus. According to the Amarna letters, cities/city-states and their kings in the region --- just like countries to the north, such as Hatti of the Hittites, fell prey to a wave of attacks by ʿApiru raiders. The Amarna correspondence corpus covers a period from 1350--1335 BC.
Another ruler of Aštartu cited in the Amarna letters is Biridašwa. The letters do not clearly indicate their title, leading some scholars to describe them as kings of Damascus (Dimašqu) while others believe they were high Egyptian officials, possibly mayors.
## Ayyab\'s letter EA 364 {#ayyabs_letter_ea_364}
Ayyab is the author of only one letter to the Egyptian pharaoh, letter EA 364-(EA for \'el Amarna\').
### Title: *Justified war* {#title_justified_war}
: To the king, my lord: Message of *Ayyab*, your servant. I fall at the feet of my lord 7 times and 7 times. I am the servant of the king, my lord, the dirt at his feet. I have heard what the king, my lord, wrote to me through Atahmaya. Truly, I have guarded ***very carefully***, (i.e.*Ma-GAL, Ma-GAL\'\'), \[the***citie\]s**\'\' of the king, my lord. Moreover, note that it is the ruler of Hasura who has taken 3 cities from me. From the time I heard and verified this, there has been waging of war against him. Truly, may the king, my lord, take cognizance, and may the king, my lord, give thought to his servant. ---EA 364, lines 1-28 (complete)
Ayyab\'s name is referred to in only one letter of the Amarna letters corpus, one of two letters by Labaya\'s son: Mutbaal of the city, *Pihilu*, modern Pella, Jordan. The letter is EA 256, title: *\"Oaths and denials\"*, (the oaths and denials by Mutbaal). See: \"Tenuous identifications with Biblical figures\": Labaya-(Mutbaal letter 256)
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# Moshe Ohayon
**Shlomi Moshe Ohayon** (*שלומי משה אוחיון*; born 24 May 1983) is an Israeli former professional footballer who played as a midfielder and currently serves as an assistant manager of Ashdod.
## Club career {#club_career}
Ohayon was born in Ashdod. After six years in Israel, he moved at 2006 to the Swiss club Winterthur. He did not count as a foreign player in Switzerland because he is in possession of a French passport.
In the 2007--08 season in January, he transferred from Winterthur to Ashdod in the Israeli Premier League and helped it avoid relegation to the second league in Israel. In 15 games he scored 4 goals and made two assists.
In June 2008, Ohayon signed a three-year contract with Israeli champions and cup holders Beitar Jerusalem. On 21 January, he signed a 2.5-year contract with Ashdod.
On 27 July 2011, Ohayon signed a one-year contract with the Polish club Legia Warsaw with an option to extend it for another two years.
On 9 January 2012, Ohayon signed a one-year contract with the Swiss club FC Luzern with an option to extend it for another year. On 5 February 2012, Ohayon made his debut for the Swiss side. On 4 March 2011, he scored his first goal for Luzern, an equalizer in a 3--1 defeat against FC Basel at St. Jakob-Park.
On 21 September 2014, he signed with Hapoel Tel Aviv.
## International career {#international_career}
Ohayon made his debut for the Israel national team against Croatia on 13 October 2007
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# Denis Ryan (footballer)
**Denis James Ryan** (10 July 1916 -- 22 April 1980) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Fitzroy in Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1930s.
Ryan originally played with the Albury Rovers Football Club and kicked three goals in their 1933 premiership win over Henty Football Club in the Albury & District Football League.
Ryan won the 1934 -- Albury & District Football League\'s best and fairest award, the Stavley Medal, playing for the Albury Rovers Football Club, before heading down to Melbourne to play with Fitzroy.
Ryan debuted in the VFL in 1935, in round one, aged just 18 and started his career at centre half forward, topping Fitzroy\'s goalkicking in his debut season with 46 goals. He was moved to centre half back the following season and won the 1936 Brownlow Medal, with 26 votes, making it the fifth Brownlow in the previous six years to have gone to a Fitzroy player.
In 1939 after injuring his knee, Ryan joined the army and fought in World War II, serving for four years. He was wounded as one of the \"Rats of Tobruk\" and later served 18 months on the front line in New Guinea.
Ryan did appear in a practice match for Fitzroy in March 1946, but he never played VFL football after the end of World War Two.
In 1947, Ryan was appointed playing coach of the Howlong Football Club in the Chiltern & District Football Association.
In 1948, Ryan coached the Catholic Young Men\'s Football Club team in the Albury & Border Junior Football Association
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# FK Milići
**FK Milići** (`{{Lang-sr-cyr|ФК Боксит Милићи}}`{=mediawiki}) is a football club from the town of Milići, in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
## History
### FK Boksit Milići {#fk_boksit_milići}
The club was established in 1972 by the bauxite extraction industry company, Boksit, which is a major employer in the town. In the early 1990s business Rajko Dukić invested in sports development in Milići and local teams became champions of Republika Srpska in football, chess, bowling and woman handball.
*FK Boksit Milići* became champions of the first edition of the First League of Republika Srpska, more precisely, of the 1995--96 season. The league included two groups, east and west. The champions of each group played a final between them in order to find the champion. Boksit were champions of the east group and played against the west group champions, FK Rudar Prijedor. The final was played in two legs. The first game was played in Milići on July 31, 1996; after a bad start that made them be 2-nil down within 10 minutes, Boksit then made an impressive come-back that resulted in a 5--2 win.
The second hand was played in Prijedor and Boksit lost by 1--2, but the overall score of 6--4 made Boksit the first champions of Republika Srpska. Players such as Dejan Pantelić, Dejan Dragičević, Zoran Majstorović, Milanko Đerić, Aleksandar Škrba, Dejan Pantelić, Ranko Zarić, Goran Simić, Dragiša Krajšumović, Aleksandar Obrenović, Goran Đurić, Aleksandar Samurović, Milenko Vukotic and Goran Sarić marked this period. Later, the club lost the support from the company and was relegated to lower leagues, ending by changing the name to **FK Milići**
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# Compound (enclosure)
**Compound**, when applied to a human habitat, refers to a cluster of buildings in an enclosure, having a shared or associated purpose, such as the houses of an extended family (e.g. the Kennedy Compound for the Kennedy family). The enclosure may be a wall, a fence, a hedge or some other structure, or it may be formed by the buildings themselves, when they are built around an open area or joined together.
According to the *Oxford English Dictionary*, the word *compound* in this sense is thought to be etymologically derived ultimately from the Malay-Indonesian word *kampung* or *kampong*, meaning \'enclosure\' or \'village\', probably entering English via Dutch or Portuguese.
In the United Kingdom, \"compound\" is not generally used in the sense of an unfortified enclosure, and not for homes. There, as in North American English, if used for a place, it is most likely to be taken to mean a fortified military compound. The unfortified enclosure usage was developed by the British Empire in Asia and Africa. Now it has slightly different meanings among English-speaking people on those continents:
- In Asia, it refers to a collection of business establishments or living quarters, especially those used by Europeans.
- In Africa, it used to mean a collection of workers\' houses, but is now used for any cluster of related or linked homes, especially residences for members of the same family or those working for the same employer, or those belonging to a farm, or the cluster of houses known in Africa as a homestead. The term can also be applied to an establishment such as a school or business, as in \"the school compound\" or \"the factory compound\". In the English dialects of some African countries, \"compound\" may refer to a much larger collection of dwellings, as a synonym for a homogeneous township or suburb comprising homes of similar character usually built as public housing projects, or for a shantytown. An example is *Chawama Compound*, Lusaka, Zambia
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# Loíza (Santurce)
**Loíza** is one of the forty subbarrios of Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
## Demographics
In 2000, Loíza had a population of 2,139.
In 2010, Loíza had a population of 2,073 and a population density of 15,946.2 persons per square mile.
## Description
Loíza is bound on the north by the Loíza Street, (integral part of a section that dates back to the 18th century), the south with Expreso Baldorioty de Castro, the east with Betances and Añasco Streets, and to the west by San Jorge Street.
The urban pattern of this area has been eroded by construction on the south side of Baldorioty de Castro freeway which separated this area from Villa Palmeras neighborhood. Before its construction many of the perpendicular streets south of Loíza continued ascending without interruption all the way to Avenida Eduardo Conde.
Although several institutional structures of architectonic value and historical importance are located mainly throughout calle Loíza, the community of Loíza is characterized by colorful homes of the populace, with some very good examples with front concrete verandahs. Almost all consist of one or two floors. The concentration and quality of these residences characterize Loíza as one of the best examples of vernacular "Santurce" architecture of intimate Caribbean influences. Loíza has been subject to gentrification in the past decade
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# Marcus Whelan
**Marcus Joseph Whelan** (27 June 1914 -- 31 August 1973) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
## Family
The son of John Whelan and Ellen Margaret Whelan, née Parker, he was born in Bacchus Marsh on 27 June 1914. He married Marjorie Alice Dummett on 14 October 1939.
Whelan\'s son Shane played for Collingwood between 1967 and 1969; and his granddaughter is the actress/television presenter Nicky Whelan.
## Football
### Collingwood
Whelan played mostly in the midfield as a centreman, although he played some 40 games at full-back. He was a fine, long drop-kick, and an expert place-kick. Whelan won the Brownlow Medal in 1939 and was also awarded Collingwood\'s best-and-fairest award, the Copeland Trophy. After fighting in World War II, he returned to the Victorian Football League in 1946 and retired at the end of the 1947 season.
Sports journalist Michael Roberts and former Australian rules footballer described Whelan as being \"a famously cool, calm and polished performer.\"
In 1956, Jack Dyer called Whelan one of the best centremen of his time. "He was a spectacular player who could take a brilliant high mark and could hold his own with a ruckman," Dyer wrote.
Fellow Collingwood player Bob Rose concurred: "He was a magnificent stab kick and could dispose of the ball perfectly while travelling at top speed."
### St Kilda {#st_kilda}
In 1948, he was cleared from Collingwood to play with the St Kilda Second XVIII as captain-coach.
### Carrum
In 1949, he was appointed captain-coach of the Carrum Football Club in the Mornington Peninsula Football League.
## Employment
Whelan worked at Carlton & United Breweries in Melbourne, alongside his coach Jock McHale
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# Hungarian Rhapsody No. 1
**Hungarian Rhapsody No. 1 in C-sharp minor/E major** is the first of a set of 19 Hungarian Rhapsodies by composer Franz Liszt, dedicated to one of his friends and former student, Ede Szerdahelyi. Work on the piece began in 1846 in Klausenburg, and it was published about November 1851. The piece, like many in the set, is composed in the *csárdás* style, signified by two sections: the *lassú* (slower, first section) and the *friss* (faster, second section). Some parts, as the beginning and the trill, resemble the Piano Sonata No. 32 (Beethoven). Also typical for the set, themes in the piece can be traced to earlier sources, specifically Ferenc Erkel and Gáspár Bernát in the first section, and Károly Thern in the second. The gypsy Laci Pócsi and his band are said to have been a source of inspiration for this piece
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# Alistair Lord
**Alistair Lord** (born 9 April 1940) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Geelong during the late 1950s to the mid-1960s.
Lord played as a centreman and debuted in 1959. He won the Brownlow Medal in 1962, and the Carji Greeves Medal, averaging 30 disposals a game for the year. In 1963, he became a member of Geelong\'s premiership side, playing alongside his identical twin brother Stewart.
Lord retired at 26 years old and returned to the family farm at Cobden. He accepted a position as captain-coach of South Warrnambool in the Hampden League. He often played against his twin brother Stewart, who was captain-coach of Camperdown at the time
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# Revolverheld
**Revolverheld** (German for \"gunslinger\") is a German rock band from Hamburg. Originally formed under the name Manga in 2002, the band renamed in 2004 to \"Tsunamikiller\" and later decided upon the current name after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake.
## History
Revolverheld began their career as a supporting act for Donots, Silbermond and Udo Lindenberg. They first started gathering public attention with their song \"Rock n\' Roll\", which then led to a Coaching Program in the Pop-Academy Baden-Württemberg. Then in 2004 they were signed by the record label Sony BMG. Their first single called \"Generation Rock\" was released in June 2005 and directly entered the German Charts. The song is featured on the video game *Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock*. Together with the producer Clemens Matznick their first album (Revolverheld) was produced, and came out in September 2005.
On 7 July 2007, the band performed at the German leg of Live Earth in Hamburg.
\"Helden 2008\" was recorded as a dedication to UEFA Euro 2008. The single features a music video of the band members dressed as team members, with cut scenes of them performing in the locker room showers. By the success of the song, \"Helden 2008\" was the 34th best-selling song of 2008 in Germany.
On 30 November 2012, Revolverheld announced on their website that Florian Speer had left the band and has been replaced by Chris Rodriguez.
## Discography
### Studio albums {#studio_albums}
+----------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+----------------------+-----+
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | |
+================================================================+==================================+======================+=====+
| GER\ | AUT | SWI | |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+----------------------+-----+
| *Revolverheld* | - Released: 23 September 2005 | 7 | 27 |
| | - Label: Sony BMG | | |
| | - Format: CD, digital download | | |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+----------------------+-----+
| *Chaostheorie* | - Released: 25 May 2007 | 3 | 17 |
| | - Label: Sony BMG | | |
| | - Format: CD, digital download | | |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+----------------------+-----+
| *In Farbe* | - Released: 12 March 2010 | 6 | 24 |
| | - Label: Sony | | |
| | - Format: CD, digital download | | |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+----------------------+-----+
| *Immer in Bewegung* | - Released: 20 September 2013 | 9 | 3 |
| | - Label: Sony | | |
| | - Format: CD, digital download | | |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+----------------------+-----+
| *Zimmer mit Blick* | - Released: 13 April 2018 | 2 | 3 |
| | - Label: Sony | | |
| | - Format: CD, digital download | | |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+----------------------+-----+
| *Neu erzählen* | - Released: 8 October 2021 | 2 | --- |
| | - Label: Sony | | |
| | - Format: CD, digital download | | |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+----------------------+-----+
| \"---\" denotes items that did not chart or were not released. | | | |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+----------------------+-----+
: List of albums, with selected chart positions, sales figures and certifications
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# Revolverheld
## Discography
### Singles
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| Year | Title | Peak chart positions | | |
+===================================================================================+===================================================+======================+=====+=========+
| GER | AUT | SWI | EUR | World\ |
| | | | | Top 100 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| 2005 | \"Generation Rock\" | 58 | --- | --- |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| | \"Die Welt steht still\" | 16 | 44 | --- |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| 2006 | \"Freunde bleiben\" | 14 | 13 | 51 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| | \"Mit dir chilln\" | 17 | 27 | --- |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| 2007 | \"Ich werd\' die Welt verändern\" | 21 | 68 | --- |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| | \"Du explodierst\" | 70 | --- | --- |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| | \"Unzertrennlich\" | 45 | --- | --- |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| 2008 | \"Helden 2008\" | 2 | 57 | --- |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| 2010 | \"Spinner\" | 13 | 69 | --- |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| | \"Keine Liebeslieder\" | 74 | --- | --- |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| | \"Halt dich an mir fest\"\ | 8 | 21 | 40 |
| | (featuring Marta Jandová) | | | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| 2013 | \"Das kann uns keiner nehmen\" | 10 | 51 | --- |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| 2014 | \"Ich lass für dich das Licht an\" | 7 | 3 | 48 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| | \"Lass uns gehen\" | 4 | 39 | --- |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| 2015 | \"Deine Nähe tut mir weh\" | 88 | --- | --- |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| | \"Darf ich bitten\"\ | --- | --- | --- |
| | (featuring Das Bo) | | | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| 2017 | \"Das Herz schlägt bis zum Hals\" | --- | --- | --- |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| 2018 | \"Immer noch fühlen\" | 95 | --- | --- |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| | \"Zimmer mit Blick\" | --- | --- | --- |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| | \"Liebe auf Distanz\"\ | --- | --- | --- |
| | (featuring Antje Schomaker) | | | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| 2019 | \"So wie jetzt\" | --- | --- | --- |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| | \"Ich kann nicht aufhören unser Leben zu lieben\" | --- | --- | --- |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| | \"Unsere Geschichte ist erzählt\" | --- | --- | --- |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| 2020 | \"Leichter\" | --- | --- | --- |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| 2021 | \"Abreißen\" | --- | --- | --- |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| | \"Neu erzählen\" | --- | --- | --- |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| 2024 | \"Alors on danse\" | --- | --- | --- |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
| \"---\" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released in that country. | | | | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+-----+---------+
: List of singles, with selected chart positions
## Awards and certifications {#awards_and_certifications}
1. Eins Live Krone -- Best Newcomer (2006)
2. Platin-Schallplatte (Platinum Record) -- Platinum for \"Revolverheld\" (LP) (2013)
3. Platin-Schallplatte (Platinum Record) -- Platinum for \"Halt dich an mir fest\" (Single) (2015)
4
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# FK Proleter Dvorovi
**Fudbalski klub Proleter Dvorovi** (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Пpoлeтep Двopoви) is a football club from Dvorovi, Bijeljina, in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The club competes in the Second League of the Republika Srpska
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# English prefix
**English prefixes** are affixes (i.e., bound morphemes that provide lexical meaning) that are added before either simple roots or complex *bases* (or *operands*) consisting of (a) a root and other affixes, (b) multiple roots, or (c) multiple roots and other affixes. Examples of these follow:
- *undo* (consisting of prefix *un-* and root *do*)
- *untouchable* (consisting of prefix *un-*, root *touch*, and suffix *-able*)
- *non-childproof* (consisting of prefix *non-*, root *child*, and suffix *-proof*)
- *non-childproofable* (consisting of prefix *non-*, root *child*, root *proof*, and suffix *-able*)
English words may consist of multiple prefixes: *anti-pseudo-classicism* (containing both an *anti-* prefix and a *pseudo-* prefix).
In English, all prefixes are derivational. This contrasts with English suffixes, which may be either derivational or inflectional.
## Selectional restrictions {#selectional_restrictions}
As is often the case with derivational morphology, many English prefixes can only be added to bases of particular lexical categories (or \"parts of speech\"). For example, the prefix *re-* meaning \"again, back\" is only added to verb bases as in *rebuild*, *reclaim*, *reuse*, *resell*, *re-evaluate*, *resettle*. It cannot be added to bases of other lexical categories. Thus, examples of *re-* plus a noun base (such as the ungrammatical *\*rehusband*, *\*remonopoly*) or *re-* plus an adjective base (*\*renatural*, *\*rewise*) are virtually unattested.
These selectional restrictions on what base a prefix can be attached to can be used to distinguish between otherwise identical-sounding prefixes. For instance, there are two different *un-* prefixes in English: one meaning \"not, opposite of\", the other meaning \"reverse action, deprive of, release from\". The first prefix *un-* \"not\" is attached to adjective and participle bases while the second prefix *un-* \"reverse action\" is attached to either verb or noun bases. Thus, English can have two words that are pronounced and spelled the same and have the same lexical category but have different meanings, different prefixes, a different internal morphological structure, and different internal bases that the prefixes are attached to:
- *unlockable* \"not able to be locked\"
- *unlockable* \"able to be unlocked\"
In the first *unlockable* \"not able to be locked\", the prefix *un-* \"not\" is attached to an adjective base *lockable* (which, in turn, is composed of *lock* + *-able*). This word has the following internal structure:
: \[ *un* \[ \[ *lock* \]~verb~ *able* \]~adj~ \]~adj~
In the second *unlockable* \"able to be unlocked\", the prefix *un-* \"reverse action\" is attached to a verb base *lock*, resulting in the derived verb *unlock*. Subsequently, the *-able* suffix is added after the newly created *unlock* verb base deriving the adjective *unlockable*. This word has the following internal structure:
: \[ \[ *un* \[ *lock* \]~verb~ \]~verb~ *able* \]~adj~
Only certain verbs or nouns can be used to form a new verb having the opposite meaning. In particular, using verbs describing an irreversible action produces words often considered nonsense, e.g. *unkill, unspend, unlose, unring*. These words may nevertheless be in occasional use for humorous or other effect.
## Changes in lexical category {#changes_in_lexical_category}
Unlike derivational suffixes, English derivational prefixes typically do not change the lexical category of the base (and are so called *class-maintaining* prefixes). Thus, the word *do*, consisting of a single morpheme, is a verb, as is the word *redo*, which consists of the prefix *re-* and the base root *do*.
However, there are a few prefixes in English that are *class-changing* in that the word resulting after prefixation belongs to a lexical category that is different from the lexical category of the base. Examples of this type include *a-*, *be-*, and *en-*. *a-* typically creates adjectives from noun and verb bases: *blaze* (noun/verb) \> *ablaze* (adj). The relatively unproductive *be-* creates transitive verbs from noun bases: *witch* (noun) \> *bewitch* (verb). *en-* creates transitive verbs from noun bases: *slave* (noun) \> *enslave* (verb).
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# English prefix
## Native vs. non-native (neo-classical) prefixing {#native_vs._non_native_neo_classical_prefixing}
Several English words are analyzed as a combination of a dependent affix and an independent base, such as those found in words like *boy-hood* or *un-just*. Following Marchand (1969), these types of words are formed by *native* word-formation processes.
Other words in English (and also in French and German) are formed via *foreign* word-formation processes, particularly processes seen in Greek and Latin word-formation. These word types are often known as *neo-classical* (or *neo-Latin*) words and are often found in academic learned vocabulary domains (such as in science fields), as well as in inkhorn terms coined in the 17th and 18th centuries. Words of this nature are borrowed from either Greek or Latin or have been newly coined based upon Greek and Latin word-formation processes. It is possible to detect varying degrees of foreignness.
In some analytic frameworks, such neo-classical prefixes are excluded from analyses of English derivation on the grounds that they are not analyzable according to a mostly synchronic (that is, relatively productive or easily recognizable and relating to present-day idioms) English (that is, \"native\") basis. Conceptualized thus, anglicized neo-classical English words such as *deceive* are not analyzed by Marchand as being composed of a prefix *de-* and a bound base *-ceive* but are rather analyzed as being composed of a single morpheme (although the Latin sources of these English words are analyzed as such, as \"native\" Latin components in the Latin language). Similarly, pairs such as *defend/defense* and *double (or duple)/duplicity* are not considered morphologically related in Marchand\'s treatment of English word formation and are thus excluded too, though they are regarded as derivatives of the shared roots in Jespersen\'s and Koizul\'s, while in others, they may be seen as allomorphs or variants (like *deep/depth*, a pair formed of Germanic components). However, not all foreign words are unanalyzable according to such an English basis: some foreign elements have been nativized and have become a part of productive English word-formation processes. An example of such a now native English prefix is *co-* as in *co-worker*, which is ultimately derived from the Latin prefix *com-* (with its allomorphs *co-*, *col-*, *con-*, and *cor-*); and *ex-* as in *ex-soldier*, which derives from the Latin *ex-*
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# Olympia Medical Center
**Olympia Medical Center** (**OMC**) was a hospital in Los Angeles, California. It closed in March 2021 and is currently being reconstructed and converted to the new home of the **UCLA Health Resnick Neuropsychiatric Clinic** and is set to open in 2026.
## History
Founded in 1948 as **Midway Hospital Medical Center**, the hospital has undergone several owners. In 1993, Summit Health Ltd. sold the hospital to OrNda HealthCorp. It was then purchased by Tenet Healthcare in 1997. The hospital was renamed in April 2005 when Tenet sold it to Physicians of Midway, Inc. The new name is drawn from the fact that the building is located on Olympic Blvd. As of December 31, 2013, Alecto Healthcare took ownership of and began managing Olympia Medical Center\'s operations
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# Terry Blocker
**Terry Fennell Blocker** (born August 18, 1959) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) outfielder who played with the New York Mets and Atlanta Braves. The 6\'2\" outfielder batted and threw left handed.
## MLB career {#mlb_career}
Blocker was the Mets\' first round selection (#4 overall) in the 1981 Major League Baseball Draft out of Tennessee State University. In his first professional season, `{{by|1981}}`{=mediawiki}, he batted .341 with seven home runs for the Little Falls Mets of the New York--Penn League. In `{{by|1982}}`{=mediawiki}, he played for the Mets\' minor league affiliate in Jackson, where he shared the outfield with two players who would go on to greater fame - Darryl Strawberry and Billy Beane.
In 1985 Blocker played in 18 games in the Major Leagues for the New York Mets. He got one hit in 15 at bats. He sustained a bruised tendon above his left knee in a collision with Danny Heep in right-centerfield that resulted in Terry Pendleton\'s inside-the-park grand slam in the fifth inning of an 8--2 loss to the St. Louis Cardinals in the second game of a doubleheader at Shea Stadium on June 9, 1985. He spent the entire 1986 and 1987 seasons in the minor leagues.
He was traded to the Braves before the 1988 season and had his most successful season playing in 66 games that season, mostly as their center fielder, and had a batting average of .212 in 198 at bats. He also had 2 home runs, 10 rbis and scored 13 runs. 1989 was his final Major League season playing in only 26 games. An attempt to become a pitcher did not prolong his career, and he only pitched 1 inning in his Major League career, for the Braves in 1989.
Although posting just a .205 batting average (50-for-244) with 2 home runs and 11 RBI in 110 games in the majors, he was a strong defensive outfielder. He committed only one miscue in 177 total chances for a .994 fielding percentage.
## Personal
In 1995, Terry Blocker helped track down who murdered fellow Braves replacement player Dave Shotkoski. Shotkoski was murdered March 24, 1995 while walking near the Braves\' hotel in West Palm Beach, Fla. Blocker went into the hard neighborhood near the hotel, found an acquaintance made when he played for the Braves in the late \'80s, and started a search for the killer. West Palm Beach police confirmed Blocker helped target suspect Neal Douglas Evans.
The locals initially stonewalled Blocker, but eventually word got out that Evans was bragging about the murder. Blocker learned Evans was hiding in an alleged crack house and relayed that to police. They arrested Evans---who, police said, has a rap sheet \"seven feet long\"---at the house
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# Bird tracks
**Bird tracking** provides a way to assess the habitat range and behavior of birds without ever seeing the bird. Bird tracking falls under the category of tracking and is related to animal tracking. Bird tracking field guides may be used by trackers. Bird tracking is a tool used by naturalists to assess what birds are present in an ecosystem even if the bird is rarely seen.
## Tracks
**Feet**
A bird can be identified using the number and position of toes in the track.
- Zygodactyl feet, like those of woodpeckers, owls, parrots and roadrunners, have two toes in the front and two toes in the back. These feet allow tree-dwelling birds to walk up trees and grip branches, and, in the case of the roadrunner, make running on the ground faster.
- Ansiodactyl feet are the most common foot type, found in three-quarters of the world\'s birds. They have three toes in the front and one toe in the back, which are helpful for grasping onto small branches. In galliformes (such as pheasants or grouse), the back toe may not show up in the track, as it is very small.
- Pamprodactyl feet are found in swifts and mousebirds. All four toes point forward.
Besides toes, other factors affect the shape of a bird\'s feet. Turkey vulture feet lack the talons of most other birds of prey because they scavenge carrion instead of hunting live prey, and thus their feet are less for grabbing and more for enabling a soft landing. This causes them to awkwardly hop on the ground. Water birds, birds such as ducks, geese, boobies and cormorants all have webbed feet that enable swimming. These feet can be identified by the outline that stretches across the toes.
**Pattern classification**
The pattern of the tracks can also tell the observer what species was present. Some birds hop on the ground while foraging, and their tracks will be in pairs, with the feet next to each other. Single prints that are spaced out indicate a walking bird, while the tracks of a running bird will be spaced even farther apart.
**Environment**
The visibility of tracks depends on the bird\'s environment. Common sense can be used to rule out certain birds from an area; for example, a tropical bird will likely not be in the snow. A bird\'s habitat may also affect its locomotion. For example, most sparrows hop while foraging, but grassland sparrow species (like the savannah sparrow) walk instead, only hopping or running if their prey is getting away.
## Spoors
Aside from tracks, birds also leave behind other spoors that can be used to determine their presence. Droppings are one such spoor. Wild turkey droppings are notable in that they can determine the sex of the bird; a male turkey\'s will be shaped like the letter J, and a female turkey\'s will be spiral-shaped. Other avian spoors include peck marks and the remnants of dust baths.
## Conservation
**Data collection**
In the Pacific Northwest of the United States, a program called NatureMapping collects data by educating the public and having them pool their data in a citizen science application. Data can be collected in the field using a handheld palm pilot and GPS system that streamlines the collection process. This free program is called CyberTracker. In order to make sure that data is reliable, a tracker evaluation system has been put in place through the CyberTracker organization.
## Fossilized bird tracks {#fossilized_bird_tracks}
Fossilized tracks from prehistoric birds exist. Tracks dating as far back as the Early Cretaceous have been found in Wonthaggi Formation, which, at the time the tracks were made, would have been part of Gondwanaland. Fossil tracks may be used to determine the locomotions of extinct species. Modern-day bird tracks are also useful to paleontologists, as they can be compared to those of dinosaurs. Tracks of three-toed bipedal dinosaurs, found in the Elliot Formation and dated to the Early Jurassic, were compared to those of small birds.
Spoors have also been fossilized. Researchers have used them to draw comparisons between the behaviors of prehistoric and extant birds. Some researchers, for example, have suggested using prehistoric dust bath remnants to determine convergent behavioral traits in birds of different families
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# The Influence
***The Influence*** is a studio album by American jazz guitarist Jimmy Raney, released in 1975 for Xanadu Records.
## Reception
The Allmusic review awarded the album 4 stars stating \"After barely being on records at all from 1957-1974 (just three albums of material and only one and a half albums during 1958-1973), the great guitarist Jimmy Raney had several opportunities to record for Xanadu between 1975-1976. His debut for the label consists of six trio numbers with bassist Sam Jones and drummer Billy Higgins, along with a couple of unaccompanied solos\"
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# John Calamos
**John P. Calamos, Sr.** (born 1940) is a Greek-American businessman who founded Calamos Asset Management, which manages \$35 billion in assets on behalf of institutions and individual investors, in 1977. A veteran of the Vietnam War, he served as a United States Air Force Bomber Pilot/ Forward Air Controller with more than 900 combat hours. Calamos received a bachelor\'s degree in business and economics from Illinois Institute of Technology in 1963 and an MBA in 1970, and currently serves on the IIT Board of Trustees. He also serves as Chairman of the National Hellenic Museum.
He is a mutual-fund manager and a self-made billionaire with an estimated net worth of 2.7 billion dollars according to Forbes. Calamos built his reputation investing in convertible bonds and has written two books: Investing in Convertible Securities: Your Complete Guide to the Risks and Rewards (Longman Financial Services Publishing) and Convertible Securities: the Latest Instruments, Portfolio Strategies, and Valuation Analysis (McGraw Hill).
## Early life {#early_life}
The son of Greek immigrants, Calamos was born and raised on Chicago\'s West Side and grew up living in an apartment above his parents\' grocery store on the 5100 block of West Division St. As a teenager he discovered some old stock certificates in the backroom of the grocery store. While they were worthless, he's said they sparked his interest in investments. During his college years, he convinced his mother to back a \$5,000 stock portfolio investment. Among the stocks he purchased was Texas Instruments which tripled in value. A lifelong entrepreneur, Calamos financed his education with income from a string of launderettes, and went on to become a military pilot during the Vietnam War before launching his career as an investment adviser
## Education and military service {#education_and_military_service}
Calamos studied at Illinois Institute of Technology, also known as Illinois Tech. His undergraduate interests began in architecture, however he shifted his major to business and economics, earning a bachelor's in 1963, while also studying philosophy. He often points to philosophy for teaching him to question assumptions and think critically, which he credits much of his success
In 1965, Calamos attended flight school at Webb Air Force Base in Big Spring, Texas. One year later he was flying supersonic jets at night in formation. He served five years of active duty including a year in Vietnam where he flew nearly 900 combat hours. In 1969, he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.
In 1970, Calamos earned an MBA from IIT.
## Calamos Asset Management {#calamos_asset_management}
Calamos, sometimes called the "Convertible Bond King," made his fortune by founding and taking public Naperville, Illinois-based Calamos Asset Management, a mutual-fund company that as of 2007 oversaw nearly \$43 billion in assets. By September 2016 assets under management at the firm had declined to 20.2 billion, while the firm\'s stock price had declined to about half of what it was in 2014.
In March 2016, Calamos relinquished the CEO title after struggling for two years to reverse a decline in the company\'s business and stock price. He retained the role of Chairman and Chief Investment Officer and in 2017 led a group that reacquired Calamos Asset Management in a "go-private" transaction. Calamos remains active in the firm.
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# John Calamos
## Philanthropy
Individually and through the John P. Calamos, Sr., Foundation, Calamos has made contributions to education through support of the Illinois Institute of Technology (Illinois Tech) and the National Hellenic Museum, both located in his native Chicago. He sponsored the exhibit, The Greeks, at the Field Museum, which lead to a three-part PBS documentary of the same name.
In 2011 Calamos, an Illinois Tech Life Trustee and a member of Stuart School of Business Board of Advisors, along with his wife Mae committed \$10 million to the university, part of which established two endowed chairs, one in business and a second in philosophy, the study of which he frequently has stated was critical to his success. In 2016, John F. O. Bilson was invested as the John and Mae Calamos Stuart School of Business Dean Endowed Chair, and in 2018, J.D. Trout was invested as the John and Mae Calamos Endowed Chair in Philosophy.
An Aurora, IL, resident and Naperville, IL, business owner his Calamos Real Estate completed the 25-acre expansion of the CityGate Centre campus, known as CityGate North, which was projected to bring 500 construction jobs and more than 100 full and part-time operational jobs to the area. The recent 25-acre expansion of the CityGate Centre campus, known as CityGate North, is projected to bring 500 construction jobs and more than 100 full and part-time operational jobs to the area. In addition, events such as tournaments and expos will help support the 17 lodging sites operating in Naperville, as well as the areas many restaurants. It has received the endorsement of Naperville's Mayor Steve Chirico's Office and the Naperville Development Partnership, a public/private economic development organization that promotes business interests in the City of Naperville.
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# John Calamos
## Criticism
In 2007, Calamos was criticized by an activist investor who pushed for greater accountability and higher returns as well as concerns over potential self-dealing.
In September 2016, it was reported that a former Calamos employee had filed a whistleblower lawsuit against the firm and Calamos personally after sending an email to Calamos and three other executives expressing concerns about \"shrinking assets, poor financial results, a high cost structure, conflicts of interest and personnel moves, abilities and turnover.\" At the time, a Calamos official called the lawsuit "frivolous" and noted that the plaintiff had a history of bringing legal action against his employers; the suit in the U.S. District Court (Northern District Eastern Division) of Illinois was dismissed with prejudice
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# Tanvi Shah
**Tanvi Shah**, (born 1 December 1985) is an Indian singer and songwriter from Tamil Nadu, India. She sings in Tamil, Hindi and Telugu. In addition, she sings in Spanish, Portuguese and other romance languages, as well as Arabic. Tanvi Shah is the first Indian woman to win a Grammy. Her first song was \"Yakkai Thiri\" for the movie *Aayutha Ezhuthu*.
## Career
She has worked alongside A.R. Rahman and has sung a number of songs for him, including songs from *Sillunu Oru Kadhal*, *Slumdog Millionaire* and recently *Delhi-6*. She wrote the Spanish lyrics for \"Jai Ho\". Her success with A.R. Rahman got her invitations from leading music directors and she has sung for Yuvan Shankar Raja, Amit Trivedi and other music directors.
She shared the Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media with A.R. Rahman and Gulzar in the 52nd Grammy Awards for the song Jai Ho, for writing the Spanish lyrics for the song. With the success of *Slumdog Millionaire*, Shah has been featured in Snoop Dogg\'s song \"Snoop Dogg Millionaire\". Apart from the Grammy, she also received the BMI Award in 2009 in London for the same and also shares the World Soundtrack Award (2009) with Rahman and Gulzar.
She performed for the Yuvan - Live in Concert in January 2011 in Chennai and in Malaysia at the KLIMF in 2012. She also performed at Coke Studio concert at IIM Bangalore on 22 November 2013, featuring Amit Trivedi .
She was invited to speak at the TEDxSF conference on Global Health in Nov \'12.
Tanvi sings in Spanish, Portuguese, Afro-Cuban, Arabic besides Hindi, Tamil and Telugu and experiments with a wide range of music with her band. Her adaptability has been proven in her collaborative work with international music producers such as Gio Ortega (USA), Jeremy Hawkins (USA), Che Pope (USA), David Batteau (USA), and DJ Salah of Germany.
Tanvi has walked the green carpet at the Latin Grammy in 2011 and recently shared the stage with Lebohang Morake, South African singer and composer, famous for arranging and performing the music for The Lion King movies and stage productions.
She firmly believes that we all need to give back to society. She is actively involved with the Cancer Institute and with the "End Polio" campaign of Rotary International along with Amitabh Bachchan, A. R. Rahman and Anil Kapoor. She has donated her song, "Zindagi", produced by JHawk, to the End Polio campaign album that features international artistes such as Itzhak Perlman, David Sanborn, Ziggy Marley, Donovan and members of the Congolese band, Staff Benda Bilili.
## Awards
Grammy Awards
- Best Song Written For Motion Picture, Television Or Other Visual Media -- \'Jai Ho\' -- *Slumdog Millionaire* (2010)
BMI Award
- BMI Award for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media\|Best Song Written For Motion Picture, Television Or Other Visual Media -- \'Jai Ho\' -- Slumdog Millionaire (2010)
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# Tanvi Shah
## Discography
### Film scores {#film_scores}
Year Film Song Music Director Language
------ ------------------------------- --------------------------------- -------------------- -----------------
2004 *Aayutha Ezhuthu* \"Yakkai Thiri\" A. R. Rahman Tamil
2004 *Yuva* \"Fanaa\" A. R. Rahman Hindi
2005 *Pudhupettai* \"Pul Pesum Poo Pesum\" Yuvan Shankar Raja Tamil
2006 *Ashok* \"Mumtaju Mahalu\" Mani Sharma Telugu
2006 *Sillunu Oru Kaadhal* \"Jillendru Oru Kaadhal\" A. R. Rahman Tamil
2007 *Sivaji: The Boss* \"Style\" A. R. Rahman Tamil
2008 *Jaane Tu Ya Jaane Na* \"Pappu Can\'t Dance\" A. R. Rahman Hindi
2008 *Saroja* \"My Life\" Yuvan Shankar Raja English
2008 *Slumdog Millionaire* \"Gangsta Blues\" A. R. Rahman English & Hindi
2008 *Slumdog Millionaire* \"Jai Ho\" A. R. Rahman Spanish & Hindi
2009 *Delhi-6* \"Dilli-6\" A. R. Rahman Hindi
2009 *Delhi-6* \"Rehna Tu\" A. R. Rahman Hindi
2009 *Snoop Dogg Millionaire* \"Snoop Dogg Millionaire\" Chase & Status English & Hindi
2009 *Muthirai* \"July Madathil\" Yuvan Shankar Raja Tamil
2009 *Theeradha Vilaiyattu Pillai* \"Theeradha Vilaiyattu Pillai\" Yuvan Shankar Raja Tamil
2010 *Paiyaa* \"Thuli Thuli\" Yuvan Shankar Raja Tamil
2010 *Paiyaa* \"En Kadhal Solla\" Yuvan Shankar Raja Tamil
2010 *Raavanan* \"Keda Kari\" A. R. Rahman Tamil
2010 *Puli* \"Power Star\" A. R. Rahman Telugu
2010 *Naan Mahaan Alla* \"Iragai Pole\" Yuvan Shankar Raja Tamil
2010 *Enthiran* \"Boom Boom Roboda\" A. R. Rahman Tamil
2010 *Goa* \"Goa\" Yuvan Shankar Raja Tamil
2010 *Goa* \"Goa (Club Mix)\" Yuvan Shankar Raja Tamil
2011 *Panjaa* \"Veyyira Chey Veyyira\" Yuvan Shankar Raja Telugu
2012 *Billa II* \"Yedho Yedho Oru Maikam\" Yuvan Shankar Raja Tamil
2012 *Kadal* \"Magudi Magudi\" A. R. Rahman Tamil
2013 *Biriyani* \"Biriyani\" Yuvan Shankar Raja Tamil
2013 *Arrambam* \"Hare Rama Hare Krishna\" Yuvan Shankar Raja Tamil
2014 *Lekar Hum Deewana Dil* \"Mawwali Qawwali\" A. R. Rahman Hindi
2014 *Lingaa* \"Mona Gasolina\" A. R. Rahman Tamil
2015 *Vai Raja Vai* \"Pookkamazh\" Yuvan Shankar Raja Tamil
2015 *Yatchan* \"Konjalaai\" Yuvan Shankar Raja Tamil
2017 *Cheliyaa* \"Tango Kalalo\" A. R
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# Ian Brewer
**Ian Davidson Brewer** (15 June 1936 -- 15 April 2010) was an Australian rules footballer with a distinguished career between 1956 and 1970, in the three major leagues of his era: the Victorian Football League (VFL), West Australian National Football League (WANFL) and South Australian National Football League (SANFL). Brewer played a combined total of 171 senior games for Collingwood, Claremont and Norwood.
A key forward from Sale, Brewer played with Collingwood from 1956 to 1961. He kicked 73 goals in 1958, which earned him the Coleman Medal. This tally included six goals in the Queen\'s Birthday clash against Melbourne, in front of a record crowd of 99,346. Brewer was a member of the Magpies\' premiership team that year.
After spending the 1962 season with St Kilda, where he was unable to break into a strong senior team, Brewer moved to Perth and joined Claremont. In 1964, he was a key factor in the Tigers\' rags to riches premiership.
Brewer transferred to Norwood in 1965, topping the SANFL goal-kicking records that same year.
Between stints at Norwood, Brewer was captain-coach of Wangaratta Rovers in the Ovens & Murray Football League.
His younger brother Ross also played in the VFL
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# Anokha – Soundz of the Asian Underground
***Anokha -- Soundz of the Asian Underground*** is a compilation album.
## Background
This 1997 album arose from the Anokha music club night, formed by its host Talvin Singh and Sweety Kapoor, with music producer/DJ State of Bengal a.k.a. Sam Zaman. Anokha held weekly sessions at the legendary Blue Note venue at Hoxton Square in London\'s East End. The album was marketed by Mango Records, a division of Island Records. Those music sessions and this compilation helped to promote the rise of the Asian Underground movement.
The compilation was signed via Anokha\'s imprint label Omni Records to Island Records and led to major label deals for Talvin Singh, State of Bengal and Amar.
## Critical reception {#critical_reception}
Reviewing for *The Village Voice* in December 1997, Robert Christgau appraised the album negatively: \"With zip to do with bhangra, and no commitment to drum \'n\' bass, here\'s a travelogue designed to remind us that tabla players (presenter Talvin Singh, for instance!) have been hand-producing something like breakbeats for years. Not exactly like breakbeats, though. Anyway, who buys records solely for breakbeats? (Wait, I don\'t want to know.)\" AllMusic\'s John Bush was more enthusiastic, deeming it \"a startlingly natural-sounding fusion of Indian music and instruments with drum\'n\'bass, breakbeats and electronics, unlike other worldbeat-influenced electronic recordings which feature an abundance of styles but rarely approach true fusion.\" Bush highlighted Singh and State of Bengal\'s songs, as well as \"K-Ascendant\" by Kingsuk Biswas
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# John Houston (New Zealand writer)
**John Houston** `{{post-nominals|country=NZL|OBE|size=85%}}`{=mediawiki} (1891 -- 20 June 1962) was a New Zealand historian and writer who specialised in the history of Taranaki Māori, and of the Taranaki land wars . He spent 30 years studying and recording Māori history and lore, the result of which was the posthumously published *Maori Life in Old Taranaki* (1965). Other works included *Turi of the Aotea canoe* (1933) and the *Encyclopedia of New Zealand* biography of Kimball Bent (1966).
In the 1961 Queen\'s Birthday Honours, Houston was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for services to the community in Taranaki
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# HIV/AIDS in Botswana
Botswana is experiencing one of the most severe HIV/AIDS epidemics in the world. The national HIV prevalence rate among adults ages 15 to 49 is 24.8 percent, which is the third highest in the world, behind Lesotho and Eswatini. HIV/AIDS threatens the many developmental gains Botswana has achieved since its independence in 1966, including economic growth, political stability, a rise in life expectancy, and the establishment of functioning public educational and health care systems.
The prevalence and impact of HIV/AIDS in Botswana is notoriously hard to estimate. For example, it was in 2006 calculated that high HIV infection rates should cause slight annual population decline. However the 2011 census showed robust population growth averaging 1.9% per year since the previous census in 2001.
## Prevalence
Botswana is in general well-equipped and with strong infrastructure to test the population for HIV, meaning that the prevalence may in fact be on par with other African nations, whilst being reported as being the nation with the second highest HIV prevalence rates in the world. The primary mode of transmission is heterosexual contact, with the military and young women at higher risk of HIV infection than other sectors of the population. Young women (ages 15--24) who have HIV in Botswana outnumber young men with HIV by more than two-to-one. The national incidence rate is 1.5 per cent, or more than 15,000 new infections per year. HIV infection rates vary by geographical region: They are highest in cities, lower in towns, and lowest in villages. Extended families and communities have exhibited resourcefulness and generosity in their willingness to absorb and care for orphaned children, but this capacity is being exhausted, especially as the current generation of grandparents begins to die. Although the country has been somewhat effective in fighting HIV, it remains particularly prevalent in eastern regions such as Bobirwa and Selebi Phikwe, where the prevalence remains as high as 40%.
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# HIV/AIDS in Botswana
## Efforts to control {#efforts_to_control}
Following the first reported case of HIV in Botswana in 1985, the country\'s response was mainly focused on screening blood to eliminate the risk of transmission through transfusion. Public spending on tackling HIV/AIDS was minimal by today\'s standards and remained so until 1997. Consequently, while life expectancy in Botswana stood at 65 years in 1990, it was estimated to have fallen to 57 years by 1997 and to just 35 years in 2005. However, after the 2011 census life expectancy was revised upwards to 54.5 years. In 1997, the government of Quett Masire outlined a \'national vision\' (Vision 2016) to outline the country\'s long-term aims. It stated that \"By the year 2016, the spread of the HIV virus that causes AIDS will have stopped, so that there will be no new infections by the virus in that year.\"
Since 1997, the government has been significantly more proactive in combating the epidemic. Under the governments of Festus Mogae, a programme was introduced in 1999 for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT). In August 2000, the Gates Foundation, with the Harvard AIDS Initiative and the pharmaceutical companies Merck and Bristol-Myers Squibb, started an HIV/AIDS treatment program, working with the government. The program\'s target was to treat every citizen of Botswana infected with HIV/AIDS. In addition, anti-retrovirals (ARVs) would be given out to those who were at an advanced stage of the disease. However, Botswana lacked adequate health-care workers and a stable medical infrastructure to implement the program. In 2003, the government introduced the first National Strategic Framework against AIDS. In 2004, with adult HIV prevalence at nearly 40 percent nationwide, the government introduced routine HIV testing for citizens. By 2008, spending on Botswana\'s response to HIV/AIDS had risen to US\$340 million, of which approximately two-thirds was provided by Botswana\'s central government (a significantly higher proportion than in other sub-Saharan nations).
In 2011, the Ministry of Education introduced new HIV/AIDS education technology for schools. The TeachAIDS prevention software, developed at Stanford University, was distributed to every primary, secondary, and tertiary educational institution in the country, reaching all learners from 6 to 24 years of age. There is evidence that these policies are having some impact, for example HIV prevalence among 15- to 19-year-olds fell from 24.7 percent in 2001 to 13.2 percent in 2009. However, at the household level, families face increasing health expenditures to meet the needs of family members with HIV/AIDS. At the same time, they are experiencing loss of income as productive family members become sick and die.
Botswana\'s workforce is being depleted as many productive adults develop AIDS and are no longer able to work. According to the US State Department, between 1999 and 2005 Botswana lost approximately 17 percent of its health care workforce due to AIDS. By 2020, it has been projected that the loss in agricultural labour force due to AIDS could be more than 23 percent
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# Ted Fordham
**Ted Fordham** (born 3 May 1940) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He was the VFL\'s leading goalkicker in the 1966 season.
Debuting in 1961, Fordham played as a half-back flanker and follower during the early stages of his career. Later in the 1964 season, he moved to full-forward, under the instruction of John Coleman. He helped Essendon win the premiership the following season with six goals in the preliminary final and then kicked a record-equalling seven goals in the grand final against St Kilda.
## VFL statistics {#vfl_statistics}
:
-- ----------------------------------------
Led the league for the season only
Led the league after finals only
Led the league after season and finals
-- ----------------------------------------
\|- \|- style=\"background-color: #EAEAEA\" ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 1961 \|style=\"text-align:center;\"\|`{{AFL Ess}}`{=mediawiki} \| 20 \|\| 10 \|\| 3 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 0.3 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|- ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 1962 \|style=\"text-align:center;\"\|`{{AFL Ess}}`{=mediawiki} \| 20 \|\| 5 \|\| 0 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 0.0 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|- style=\"background-color: #EAEAEA\" ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 1963 \|style=\"text-align:center;\"\|`{{AFL Ess}}`{=mediawiki} \| 20 \|\| 14 \|\| 7 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 0.5 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|- ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 1964 \|style=\"text-align:center;\"\|`{{AFL Ess}}`{=mediawiki} \| 20 \|\| 16 \|\| 25 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 1.6 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|- style=\"background-color: #EAEAEA\" ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center;\" \| 1965 \|style=\"text-align:center;\"\|`{{AFL Ess}}`{=mediawiki} \| 20 \|\| 20 \|\| 54 \|\| bgcolor=\"DD6E81\"\| **56** \|\| 200 \|\| 18 \|\| 218 \|\| 108 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 2.7 \|\| bgcolor=\"b7e718\"\| **2.8** \|\| 10.0 \|\| 0.9 \|\| 10.9 \|\| 5.4 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|- ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 1966 \|style=\"text-align:center;\"\|`{{AFL Ess}}`{=mediawiki} \| 20 \|\| 20 \|\| bgcolor=\"DD6E81\"\| **76** \|\| bgcolor=\"DD6E81\"\| **55** \|\| 211 \|\| 21 \|\| 232 \|\| 106 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| bgcolor=\"DD6E81\"\| **3.8** \|\| 2.8 \|\| 10.6 \|\| 1.1 \|\| 11.6 \|\| 5.3 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|- style=\"background-color: #EAEAEA\" ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 1967 \|style=\"text-align:center;\"\|`{{AFL Ess}}`{=mediawiki} \| 20 \|\| 15 \|\| 25 \|\| 30 \|\| 162 \|\| 20 \|\| 182 \|\| 79 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 1.7 \|\| 2.0 \|\| 10.8 \|\| 1.3 \|\| 12.1 \|\| 5.3 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|- ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 1968 \|style=\"text-align:center;\"\|`{{AFL Ess}}`{=mediawiki} \| 20 \|\| 22 \|\| 22 \|\| 20 \|\| 350 \|\| 75 \|\| 425 \|\| 132 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 1.0 \|\| 0.9 \|\| 15.9 \|\| 3.4 \|\| 19.3 \|\| 6.0 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|- style=\"background-color: #EAEAEA\" ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 1969 \|style=\"text-align:center;\"\|`{{AFL Ess}}`{=mediawiki} \| 20 \|\| 6 \|\| 2 \|\| 5 \|\| 75 \|\| 20 \|\| 95 \|\| 27 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 0.3 \|\| 0.8 \|\| 12.5 \|\| 3.3 \|\| 15.8 \|\| 4.5 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|- class=\"sortbottom\" ! colspan=3\| Career ! 128 ! 214 ! 166 ! 998 ! 154 ! 1152 ! 452 ! `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} ! 1.7 ! 2.0 ! 12.0 ! 1.9 ! 13.9 ! 5
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# Adamstown, County Wexford
**Adamstown** (`{{Irish place name|Maigh Arnaighe or Maigh Arnaí|the plain of the berries}}`{=mediawiki}) is a village in County Wexford, Ireland. It is about 24 km north-west of Wexford, 20 km east of New Ross, and 20 km south-west of Enniscorthy. The village is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.
## History
A monastery called Magheranoidhe was built in the area c. 600 AD by a Saint Abban different from Abbán moccu Corbmaic.
Following the Norman conquest of Ireland, the monastery became property of the Marshall family. The de Heddon and later Devereux families were granted control of it and the surrounding lands.
A castle was built in the area by Adam Devereux, for who the village is named, in 1418. This castle was rebuilt in 1556 by Nicholas Devereux. The Adamstown estate later passed to the Earl of Albemarle, and later the Downes family by the 1800s.
A church dedicated to St. Abban was built in Adamstown in 1835.
## Amenities
The village contains a primary school, a secondary school, a GAA pitch and soccer pitch, a community centre, two pubs, a shop, an R.C. church and an adjoining cemetery, chemist, Almost adjacent to the village is Adamstown castle (or tower house), which dates from the 16th century.
The Adamstown Agricultural Show is held there on the first Saturday of July every year.
## Transport
Bus Éireann routes 371 and 382 serve the village on Fridays providing links to Wexford and New Ross
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# 1956 NSWRFL season
1956\'s New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership was the 49th season of the rugby league competition based in Sydney. Ten teams from across the city competed for the J. J. Giltinan Shield during the season, which culminated in a Grand Final between St. George and Balmain.
## Season summary {#season_summary}
### Teams
+-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| **Balmain** 49th season\ | **Canterbury-Bankstown** 22nd season\ | **Eastern Suburbs** 49th season\ | **Manly-Warringah** 10th season\ | **Newtown** 49th season\ |
| Ground: Leichhardt Oval\ | Ground: Belmore Oval\ | Ground: Sydney Sports Ground\ | Ground: Brookvale Oval\ | Ground: Henson Park\ |
| Coach: Norman Robinson\ | Coach: Vic Hey\ | Coach: Frank O\'Connor\ | Coach: Pat Devery\ | Captain-Coach: Dick Poole |
| Captain: Brian Staunton | Captain: Col Geelan | Captain: Kevin Hansen | Captain: George Hunter | |
+-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| **North Sydney** 49th season\ | **Parramatta** 10th season\ | **South Sydney** 49th season\ | **St. George** 36th season\ | **Western Suburbs** 49th season\ |
| Ground: North Sydney Oval\ | Ground: Cumberland Oval\ | Ground: Redfern Oval\ | Ground: Kogarah Oval\ | Ground: Pratten Park\ |
| Coach: Bruce Ryan\ | Coach: Cec Fifield\ | Coach: Jack Rayner\ | Coach: Norm Tipping\ | Coach: Jack Walsh\ |
| Captain: Trevor Allan | Captain: Graham Laird | Captain: Les Cowie | Captain: Ken Kearney | Captain: Keith Holman |
+-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
## Regular season {#regular_season}
<table>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th data-valign="middle"><p>Team</p></th>
<th><p>1</p></th>
<th><p>2</p></th>
<th><p>3</p></th>
<th><p>4</p></th>
<th><p>5</p></th>
<th><p>6</p></th>
<th><p>7</p></th>
<th><p>8</p></th>
<th><p>9</p></th>
<th><p>10</p></th>
<th><p>11</p></th>
<th><p>12</p></th>
<th><p>13</p></th>
<th><p>14</p></th>
<th><p>15</p></th>
<th><p>16</p></th>
<th><p>17</p></th>
<th><p>18</p></th>
<th><p>F1</p></th>
<th><p>F2</p></th>
<th><p>F3</p></th>
<th><p>F4</p></th>
<th><p>GF</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>Balmain</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>PAR<br />
+4</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>CBY<br />
+27</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>NOR<br />
+23</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>NEW<br />
+4</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>EAS<br />
+13</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>WES<br />
+3</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>SOU<br />
−35</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>STG<br />
+11</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>MAN<br />
+6</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>PAR<br />
+4</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>CBY<br />
+6</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>NOR<br />
−1</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>NEW<br />
−5</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>EAS<br />
+9</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>WES<br />
−14</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>SOU<br />
+2</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>STG<br />
−14</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>MAN<br />
+9</p></td>
<td style="background:#99ccff;"><p>X</p></td>
<td style="background:#99ccff;"><p>X</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>STG<br />
−5</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>SOU<br />
+3</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#D3D3D3;"><p>STG<br />
−6</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>Canterbury-Bankstown</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>WES<br />
−19</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>BAL<br />
−27</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>STG<br />
−26</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>MAN<br />
+3</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>PAR<br />
−1</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>SOU<br />
−5</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>NOR<br />
+1</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>NEW<br />
−2</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>EAS<br />
−17</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>WES<br />
−14</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>BAL<br />
−6</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>STG<br />
−19</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>MAN<br />
−3</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>PAR<br />
+18</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>SOU<br />
+1</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>NOR<br />
+1</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>NEW<br />
−10</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>EAS<br />
+8</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>Eastern Suburbs</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>NOR<br />
−5</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>NEW<br />
−26</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>SOU<br />
−24</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>WES<br />
+2</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>BAL<br />
−13</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>STG<br />
−36</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>MAN<br />
−15</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>PAR<br />
+7</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>CBY<br />
+17</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>NOR<br />
+8</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>NEW<br />
−8</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>SOU<br />
−6</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>WES<br />
−19</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>BAL<br />
−9</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>STG<br />
−9</strong></p></td>
<td><p>style="background:#E6E7CE |<strong>MAN<br />
0</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>PAR<br />
+1</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>CBY<br />
−8</p></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>Manly-Warringah</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>STG<br />
−3</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>SOU<br />
−5</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>PAR<br />
+22</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>CBY<br />
−3</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>NOR<br />
+33</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>NEW<br />
−25</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>EAS<br />
+15</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>WES<br />
+10</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>BAL<br />
−6</p></td>
<td><p>style="background:#E6E7CE |<strong>STG<br />
0</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>SOU<br />
−4</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>PAR<br />
+23</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>CBY<br />
+3</strong></p></td>
<td><p>style="background:#E6E7CE |<strong>NOR<br />
0</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>NEW<br />
+8</strong></p></td>
<td><p>style="background:#E6E7CE |EAS<br />
0</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>WES<br />
−5</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>BAL<br />
−9</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>Newtown</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>SOU<br />
−5</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>EAS<br />
+26</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>WES<br />
+9</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>BAL<br />
−4</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>STG<br />
+10</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>MAN<br />
+25</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>PAR<br />
+28</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>CBY<br />
+2</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>NOR<br />
+22</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>SOU<br />
+13</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>EAS<br />
+8</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>WES<br />
−8</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>BAL<br />
+5</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>STG<br />
−24</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>MAN<br />
−8</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>PAR<br />
−4</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>CBY<br />
+10</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>NOR<br />
−1</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>WES<br />
−5</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>North Sydney</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>EAS<br />
+5</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>WES<br />
−1</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>BAL<br />
−23</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>STG<br />
−4</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>MAN<br />
−33</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>PAR<br />
−4</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>CBY<br />
−1</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>SOU<br />
−8</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>NEW<br />
−22</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>EAS<br />
−8</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>WES<br />
+10</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>BAL<br />
+1</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>STG<br />
−12</strong></p></td>
<td><p>style="background:#E6E7CE |MAN<br />
0</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>PAR<br />
+7</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>CBY<br />
−1</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>SOU<br />
−13</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>NEW<br />
+1</p></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>Parramatta</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>BAL<br />
−4</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>STG<br />
−20</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>MAN<br />
−22</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>SOU<br />
+3</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>CBY<br />
+1</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>NOR<br />
+4</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>NEW<br />
−28</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>EAS<br />
−7</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>WES<br />
−23</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>BAL<br />
−4</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>STG<br />
−11</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>MAN<br />
−23</strong></p></td>
<td><p>style="background:#E6E7CE |SOU<br />
0</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>CBY<br />
−18</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>NOR<br />
−7</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>NEW<br />
+4</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>EAS<br />
−1</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>WES<br />
−1</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>South Sydney</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>NEW<br />
+5</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>MAN<br />
+5</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>EAS<br />
+24</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>PAR<br />
−3</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>WES<br />
+3</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>CBY<br />
+5</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>BAL<br />
+35</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>NOR<br />
+8</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>STG<br />
+22</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>NEW<br />
−13</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>MAN<br />
+4</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>EAS<br />
+6</p></td>
<td><p>style="background:#E6E7CE |<strong>PAR<br />
0</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>WES<br />
−9</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>CBY<br />
−1</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>BAL<br />
−2</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>NOR<br />
+13</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>STG<br />
−3</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#99ccff;"><p>X</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>WES<br />
+38</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#99ccff;"><p>X</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>BAL<br />
−3</p></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>St. George</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>MAN<br />
+3</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>PAR<br />
+20</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>CBY<br />
+26</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>NOR<br />
+4</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>NEW<br />
−10</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>EAS<br />
+36</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>WES<br />
+27</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>BAL<br />
−11</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>SOU<br />
−22</p></td>
<td><p>style="background:#E6E7CE |MAN<br />
0</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>PAR<br />
+11</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>CBY<br />
+19</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>NOR<br />
+12</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>NEW<br />
+24</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>EAS<br />
+9</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>WES<br />
−6</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>BAL<br />
+14</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>SOU<br />
+3</p></td>
<td style="background:#99ccff;"><p>X</p></td>
<td style="background:#99ccff;"><p>X</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>BAL<br />
+5</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#99ccff;"><p>X</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFD700;"><p><strong>BAL<br />
+6</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: left;"><p>Western Suburbs</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>CBY<br />
+19</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>NOR<br />
+1</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>NEW<br />
−9</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>EAS<br />
−2</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p><strong>SOU<br />
−3</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>BAL<br />
−3</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>STG<br />
−27</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>MAN<br />
−10</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>PAR<br />
+23</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>CBY<br />
+14</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>NOR<br />
−10</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>NEW<br />
+8</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>EAS<br />
+19</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>SOU<br />
+9</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>BAL<br />
+14</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>STG<br />
+6</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p><strong>MAN<br />
+5</strong></p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>PAR<br />
+1</p></td>
<td style="background:#cfc;"><p>NEW<br />
+5</p></td>
<td style="background:#FFCFCF;"><p>SOU<br />
−38</p></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
<td style="background:#808080;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td data-valign="middle"><p>Team</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p>3</p></td>
<td><p>4</p></td>
<td><p>5</p></td>
<td><p>6</p></td>
<td><p>7</p></td>
<td><p>8</p></td>
<td><p>9</p></td>
<td><p>10</p></td>
<td><p>11</p></td>
<td><p>12</p></td>
<td><p>13</p></td>
<td><p>14</p></td>
<td><p>15</p></td>
<td><p>16</p></td>
<td><p>17</p></td>
<td><p>18</p></td>
<td><p>F1</p></td>
<td><p>F2</p></td>
<td><p>F3</p></td>
<td><p>F4</p></td>
<td><p>GF</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
**Bold** -- Home game\
X -- Bye\
Opponent for round listed above margin
### Ladder
Team Pld W D L PF PA PD Pts
---- ------------------ ----- ---- --- ---- ----- ----- ------ --------
1 St. George 18 13 1 4 398 239 +159 **27**
2 Balmain 18 13 0 5 293 241 +52 **26**
3 South Sydney 18 11 1 6 364 265 +99 **23**
4 Newtown 18 11 0 7 333 229 +104 **22**
5 Western Suburbs 18 11 0 7 276 221 +55 **22**
6 Manly 18 7 3 8 323 269 +54 **17**
7 Canterbury 18 6 0 12 235 352 -117 **12**
8 North Sydney 18 5 1 12 218 324 -106 **11**
9 Eastern Suburbs 18 5 1 12 211 354 -143 **11**
10 Parramatta 18 4 1 13 224 381 -157 **9**
| 1,342 |
1956 NSWRFL season
| 0 |
11,032,512 |
# 1956 NSWRFL season
## Regular season {#regular_season}
### Ladder progression {#ladder_progression}
- Numbers highlighted in green indicate that the team finished the round inside the top 4.
- Numbers highlighted in blue indicates the team finished first on the ladder in that round.
- Numbers highlighted in red indicates the team finished last place on the ladder in that round.
Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
---- ---------------------- --- --- --- --- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
1 St. George 2 4 6 8 8 10 12 12 12 13 15 17 19 21 23 23 25 27
2 Balmain 2 4 6 8 10 12 12 14 16 18 20 20 20 22 22 24 24 26
3 South Sydney 2 4 6 6 8 10 12 14 16 16 18 20 21 21 21 21 23 23
4 Newtown 0 2 4 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 18 20 20 20 20 22 22
5 Western Suburbs 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 8 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
6 Manly-Warringah 0 0 2 2 4 4 6 8 8 9 9 11 13 14 16 17 17 17
7 Canterbury-Bankstown 0 0 0 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 8 10 10 12
8 North Sydney 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 6 6 7 9 9 9 11
9 Eastern Suburbs 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 4 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 11 11
10 Parramatta 0 0 0 2 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 9 9 9
| 305 |
1956 NSWRFL season
| 1 |
11,032,512 |
# 1956 NSWRFL season
## Finals
+-----------------------+--------+------------------+-------------------+
| Home | Score | Away | Match Information |
+=======================+========+==================+===================+
| Date and Time | Venue | Referee | Crowd |
+-----------------------+--------+------------------+-------------------+
| **Playoff** | | | |
+-----------------------+--------+------------------+-------------------+
| Newtown | 5--10 | Western Suburbs | 14 August 1956 |
+-----------------------+--------+------------------+-------------------+
| **Semifinals** | | | |
+-----------------------+--------+------------------+-------------------+
| South Sydney | 45--7 | Western Suburbs | 18 August 1956 |
+-----------------------+--------+------------------+-------------------+
| St. George | 30--25 | Balmain | 25 August 1956 |
+-----------------------+--------+------------------+-------------------+
| **Preliminary Final** | | | |
+-----------------------+--------+------------------+-------------------+
| Balmain | 36--33 | South Sydney | 1 September 1956 |
+-----------------------+--------+------------------+-------------------+
| **Grand Final** | | | |
+-----------------------+--------+------------------+-------------------+
| St. George | 18--12 | Balmain | 8 September 1956 |
+-----------------------+--------+------------------+-------------------+
### Grand Final {#grand_final}
+----------------------+----------+-------------------------+
| St George | Position | Balmain |
+======================+==========+=========================+
| 1. Doug Fleming | FB | 1. Keith Barnes |
+----------------------+----------+-------------------------+
| 2\. Ross Kite | WG | 2\. Arthur Lorimer |
+----------------------+----------+-------------------------+
| 3\. Merv Lees | CE | 3\. Geoff Hawkey |
+----------------------+----------+-------------------------+
| 4\. Kevin O\'Brien | CE | 4\. Kevin Mosman |
+----------------------+----------+-------------------------+
| 5\. Tommy Ryan | WG | 5\. Terry McGovern |
+----------------------+----------+-------------------------+
| 6\. Peter Carroll | FE | 6\. Bill Harris |
+----------------------+----------+-------------------------+
| 7\. Bob Bugden | HB | 7\. Brian Staunton (c) |
+----------------------+----------+-------------------------+
| 13\. Kevin Brown | PR | 13\. Jack Moon |
+----------------------+----------+-------------------------+
| 12\. Ken Kearney (c) | HK | 12\. Neville Watt |
+----------------------+----------+-------------------------+
| 11\. Bryan Orrock | PR | 11\. Robert Heaney |
+----------------------+----------+-------------------------+
| 26.Harry Melville | SR | 10\. Ron \"Jake\" Moses |
+----------------------+----------+-------------------------+
| 9\. Norm Provan | SR | 9\. Ron Potter |
+----------------------+----------+-------------------------+
| 10\. Billy Wilson | LK | 8\. Gus Gray |
+----------------------+----------+-------------------------+
| Norm Tipping | Coach | Norman Robinson |
+----------------------+----------+-------------------------+
| | | |
+----------------------+----------+-------------------------+
Up and coming Balmain fullback Keith Barnes came into the game with confidence, having booted 17 goals in his previous two games. In the most recent of those contests, the preliminary final against South Sydney, Tigers half-back, playmaker and captain Brian Staunton had been flattened by a Clive Churchill stiffarm tackle and as a consequence was still out-of-sorts on grand final day.
St George centre Merv Lees cracked his collar bone in a tackle in the 13th minute and hardman prop Billy Wilson moved out from the pack to play in the centres in spite of being constrained himself with a knee ligament injury. Wilson tormented Hawkey and Mosman in both attack and defence and set up both his own wingers for a number of long dashes. He was later selected by his teammates as Man of the Match with Kevin Brown, Bob Bugden and Norm Provan also starring in the game.
The sides were evenly matched for the first 38 minutes before a backline move from a scrum saw Dragons winger Tommy Ryan draw Barnes and pass to prop Kevin Brown who had freed himself from the scrum to be present in support.
Tries to Bugden and Kevin O\'Brien came quickly after the break with Harry Melville\'s final try for the Dragons 18 minutes into the second half putting the game out of the Tigers\' reach. Staunton responded with his second try for Balmain late in the game.
Norm Tipping had coached the Dragons to an excellent season result of 15 wins, 4 losses and 1 draw but would be ousted regardless from the coaching job shortly after the grand final. He was the loser in a power struggle with Dragons on-field leader Ken Kearney who that year had captained Australia to a three Test whitewash of New Zealand, had captained New South Wales to state victory over Queensland, won the Sunday Telegraph\'s Player of the Year award and ultimately captained the Saints to a premiership. Kearney had lost the coaching role to Tipping at the end of the 1955 season. At the end of 1956 the St George committee chose to back Kearney\'s fine football brain and his advanced English-learned strategies on attack, defense and conditioning in choosing him as their captain-coach to go forward. In the process they laid the foundation for the Dragons\' record-breaking premiership stranglehold.
**St George 18** (Tries: O\'Brien, Bugden, Brown, Melville. Goals: Fleming 3.)
**Balmain 12** (Tries: Staunton 2. Goals: Barnes 3.)
| 722 |
1956 NSWRFL season
| 2 |
11,032,512 |
# 1956 NSWRFL season
## Player statistics {#player_statistics}
The following statistics are as of the conclusion of Round 18
| 19 |
1956 NSWRFL season
| 3 |
11,032,540 |
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 94
**United Nations Security Council Resolution 94** was adopted on 29 May 1951. In the resolution, the Security Council noted with regret the death of International Court of Justice Judge José Philadelpho de Barros e Azevedo on 7 May 1951 and decided that the election to fill the vacancy would take place during the sixth session of the General Assembly. The Council further decided that this election should take place prior to the regular election which was to be held at the same session to fill the five vacancies which were to occur owing to the expiration on 5 February 1952 of the mandates of five of the ICJ\'s members.
The resolution was adopted unanimously.
On 6 December 1951, Levi Fernandes Carneiro of Brazil was elected to fill the vacancy
| 136 |
United Nations Security Council Resolution 94
| 0 |
11,032,560 |
# Celia Cruz Bronx High School of Music
**Celia Cruz Bronx High School of Music** (**CCBXHSM**) is the first comprehensive high school of music in the Bronx, New York, United States. The current principal is Jerrod Mabry, who became principal in March 2013 after having taught English and acted as Assistant Principal since the school opened in 2003. Mabry replaced the founding principal, Dr. William Rodriguez, upon his retirement.
The school boasts a graduation rate of over 90%, with high rates of college enrollment among graduating students. This is compared to the NYC graduation rate of 64.7% in June 2013.
For the second time in ten years,`{{when|date=September 2018}}`{=mediawiki} the Celia Cruz Bronx High School of Music was rated as a \"Best High School\" by *U.S. News & World Report*, earning a silver rating.
## History
CCBXHSM opened in 2003 inside DeWitt Clinton High School. With a freshman class of just over 90 students, the school had four classrooms and two offices inside Clinton, and an office, a choral room, a storage closet, and use of the band room at Lehman College. The school now has half of the top floor of the Walton Campus building.
During its first school year, CCBXHSM performed for various constituencies such as the Chancellor Joel Klein, Pedro Knight (husband of Celia Cruz), Mayor Michael Bloomberg, and FAME. They also performed in Lincoln Center and in CitiGroup Jazz Festivals. Their annual winter and spring concerts are held in the Lovinger Theater in Lehman College.
Halfway into its first year, CCBXHSM received news that the school was to be relocated from Clinton High School to the Walton Campus. The school began its second year on the third floor of the Walton Campus.
On August 21, 2003, the mayor held a news conference in Lehman College, renaming the Bronx High School of Music to the Celia Cruz Bronx High School of Music.
## Exploring the Arts {#exploring_the_arts}
The Celia Cruz Bronx High School of Music is a partner school with Exploring the Arts, an organization created by Tony Bennett and his wife Susan Benedetto to support music programs throughout the city. They provide a series of professional development opportunities to enhance music programs as well as scholarships and internship opportunities for students. Bennett and Benedetto recently`{{when|date=September 2018}}`{=mediawiki} visited the school to hear a student recital. The partnership has also resulted in the writing of new academic curricula, such as the Physics of Music.
## CCBXHSM today {#ccbxhsm_today}
Today the Celia Cruz Bronx High School of Music is at its full capacity of 450 students. Competition for entry into the school has grown as well.
In addition to a strong and rigorous academic program, there is an intense music program. There are three types of ensembles in CCBXHSM: Choir, Orchestra, and Band. Within these are subdivisions. Students with vocal abilities, for example, go into a freshman choir during their first year. Then, if they have passed all of their classes, they audition to be placed in either Bella Voce, Mixed Choir, Stage Choir or the Sweet Out-of-Lines for their second year. String students go into Freshman Orchestra for their first year, then audition for either Concert or Chamber Orchestra. With the band, students go to Freshman Band during their first year, then audition for either Wind Ensemble or Symphonic Band for their sophomore, junior, and senior year
| 558 |
Celia Cruz Bronx High School of Music
| 0 |
11,032,567 |
# 1995 kidnapping of western tourists in Kashmir
Six western tourists and their two guides were kidnapped in the Liddarwat area of Pahalgam in the Anantnag district of Jammu and Kashmir, India on 4 July 1995 by forty militants from the Kashmiri Islamist militant organisation Harkat-ul-Ansar, under the pseudonym of Al-Faran, in order to secure the release of Harkat leader Masood Azhar and other militants.
When their demands were not met, Norwegian Hans Christian Ostrø was beheaded on 13 August 1995. American John Childs managed to escape on 17 August, while the rest have never been found, but are presumed dead by the Government of Jammu and Kashmir issuing death certificates for the four on 28 January 2003.
## Background
In 1989, Kashmiri militants began an armed insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir. Harkat-ul-Ansar (HuA), an anti-Indian militant group under the similar pseudonym of Al-Hadid, had already perpetrated the 1994 kidnappings of western tourists in India in Delhi, led by Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh to secure the release of HuA leaders. Sheikh was caught and ultimately imprisoned at the Tihar Jail in Delhi. HuA then began using the pseudonym of Al-Faran and also committed a bus hijacking in Hapatnar in Anantnag district under that name.
## Kidnapping
The six victims included two British tourists, Keith Mangan of Middlesbrough and Paul Wells of Blackburn; two Americans, John Childs of Simsbury, Connecticut, and Donald Hutchings of Spokane, Washington; a German student, Dirk Hasert (14 August 1969--c. 1995); and a Norwegian actor, Hans Christian Ostrø (1968-13 August 1995). Mangan\'s and Hutchings\' wives were left behind by the kidnappers as their husbands were abducted.
A note released by the kidnappers a day after the kidnappings read, \"Accept our demands or face dire consequences. We are fighting against anti-Islamic forces. Western countries are anti-Islam, and America is the biggest enemy of Islam.\" John Childs managed to escape and was rescued four days later. Ostrø was beheaded by his abductors and his body was found near Pahalgam on 13 August 1995. His body was taken to AIIMS, New Delhi, where a postmortem was conducted by Professor T. D. Dogra, who established that the beheading was the cause of death, and reported that the words \"Al Faran\" were carved onto his chest. The kidnappers demanded the release of Pakistani militant Maulana Masood Azhar who had been imprisoned by India and 20 other prisoners. Several national and international organisations issued appeals to Al-Faran to release the tourists. Representatives of the embassies of the victims\' countries also visited Kashmir frequently to seek their release, without success. In December 1995, the kidnappers left a note that they were no longer holding the men hostage. Mangan, Wells, Hutchings, and Hasert have never been found and are presumed to have been killed.
In May 1996, a captured militant told Indian investigators and FBI agents that he had heard that all four hostages had been shot dead on 13 December 1995, nine days after an operation by Indian security forces that killed four of the original hostage-takers, including the man said to have been leading them, Abdul Hamid Turki. Journalists Adrian Levy and Catherine Scott-Clark claim however, in their book *The Meadow*, that the remaining hostages were sold from Al-Faran to Ghulam Nabi Mir, also known as Azad Nabi, who held them for months before shooting them dead on 24 December 1995. Ghulam Nabi Mir was at the time leader of pro-Indian Islamic guerrilla group Muslim Mujaheddin, a fraction of Hizbul Mujahideen, who organized themselves into the Patriotic Peoples Front in 1995 or 1996 to contest local elections.
Al-Faran has been determined to be a pseudonym of Harkat-ul-Ansar; however HuA has denied having any ties to it.
## Rescue attempt {#rescue_attempt}
According to the US-based Terrorism Research Center, Norwegian Forsvarets Spesialkommando (FSK) made an attempt to locate and rescue the Norwegian hostage Ostrø. \"In 1995, a small force from the unit was deployed in the Kashmir region of India in an attempt to find and free a Norwegian citizen who was held hostage and later beheaded by the Al-Faran guerrillas.\" The attempt was not successful. The Terrorism Research Center presented the information about FSK\'s missions in Kashmir without prejudice. The Norwegian Ministry of Defence has never admitted such an action had taken place.
| 709 |
1995 kidnapping of western tourists in Kashmir
| 0 |
11,032,567 |
# 1995 kidnapping of western tourists in Kashmir
## Aftermath
The kidnappings were widely covered by western press and helped bring terrorism in Kashmir to the international communities attention. Donald Hutchings\' wife Jane Schelly made repeated trips to the region to try to get some answers in vain. In 1997, Indian police exhumed a body that was initially thought to be of British tourist Paul Wells. However, subsequent forensic tests showed that the body did not belong to any of the tourists. Masood Azhar was subsequently released in exchange for passengers aboard hijacked Indian Airlines Flight 814 along with Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh. Sheikh was arrested in 2002 and was later tried and convicted for the kidnapping and beheading of Daniel Pearl in Karachi, Pakistan.
Amjad Farooqi, accused of being one of the kidnappers, was reported killed in Pakistan in September 2004
| 142 |
1995 kidnapping of western tourists in Kashmir
| 1 |
11,032,574 |
# Henry Kyemba
**Henry Kisaja Magumba Kyemba** (8 February 1939 -- 18 October 2023) was a Ugandan political figure who held several high positions and finally became Minister of Health during Uganda\'s rule by Idi Amin. He served in that post from February 1974 until May 1977, when he fled into exile. He was also the author of *State of Blood*, a 1977 book he wrote after his flight from Uganda that describes Amin\'s tyrannical rule.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Henry Kisaja Magumba Kyemba was likely born in Bunya County in Busoga on 8 February 1939, to Suzana Babirizangawo Mutekanga and Suleiman Kisajja, a colonial administrator.
Kyemba attended local primary schools, before joining Busoga College Mwiri for his Cambridge School Certificate (1951--1956). He was at Makerere University between 1957 and 1962 and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (Hons.) in History. Kyemba held a master\'s degree in history from Northwestern University, Evanston, US and a Certificate in African studies from the same university. He also held an Honours degree in history from the London University.
## Career
Kyemba joined the Uganda civil service on the eve of Uganda\'s independence from Britain in 1962. He was the Principal Private Secretary to then Prime Minister of Uganda, Milton Obote. Following the 1971 Ugandan coup d\'état, he joined Amin\'s cabinet, rising through the ranks to become the Minister of Health (1974--1977) during Amin\'s regime. Kyemba defected to London in 1977, where he wrote a book on Amin\'s regime titled: \"*A State of Blood*.\" He returned to Uganda in 1986, and he served as Secretary of Judicial Service Commission.
## Life and service in Rotary International {#life_and_service_in_rotary_international}
Henry Kyemba was fiercely dedicated member of the Rotary International movement, becoming Rotarian in 1987 as a Charter Member of The Source of the Nile Rotary Club now in Jinja City. Under Henry Kyemba\'s influence and contribution, the Rotary Movement grew even bigger in Uganda to now include some 400 clubs as of 2023. Uganda is now in District 9213, along with the vast nation of Tanzania. At the time of his demise, Henry Kyemba was a Past District Governor (PDG) of Rotary International District 9200 (Uganda, Kenya, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Tanzania). District governor is the highest office possible in the Rotary International Movement at district level, with only the President of Rotary International being as leader of the global movement being bigger. The Rotary Club claims that his contributions positively impacted millions.
## Death
Henry Kyemba died from diabetes-related complications on 18 October 2023, at the age of 84 in a suburb of Kampala
| 430 |
Henry Kyemba
| 0 |
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