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# Johns Hopkins University Press
`{{Use American English|date=November 2023}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox publisher
| image = jhup.png
| parent = [[Johns Hopkins University]]
| status =
| founded = {{start date|1878}}
| founder =
| successor =
| country = [[United States]]
| headquarters = [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]], U.S.
| distribution = Hopkins Fulfillment Services (US)<br>[[John Wiley & Sons]] (UK)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Third Party Distribution {{!}} Wiley|access-date=2018-02-08|url=https://hub.wiley.com/docs/wiley-emea/third-party-distribution-DOC-1974}}`{=mediawiki}
\| keypeople = \| publications = `{{hlist|Books|Journals}}`{=mediawiki} \| topics = \| genre = \| imprints = \| revenue = \| numemployees = \| nasdaq = \| url = `{{URL|https://www.press.jhu.edu}}`{=mediawiki} }} **Johns Hopkins University Press** (also referred to as **JHU Press** or **JHUP**) is the publishing division of Johns Hopkins University. It was founded in 1878 and is the oldest continuously running university press in the United States. The press publishes books and journals, and operates other divisions including fulfillment and electronic databases. Its headquarters are in Charles Village section of Baltimore, Maryland.
In 2017, after the retirement of Kathleen Keane, who is credited with modernizing JHU Press for the digital age, the university appointed new director Barbara Pope.
## Overview
Daniel Coit Gilman, the first president of Johns Hopkins University, inaugurated the press in 1878. The press began as the university\'s Publication Agency, publishing the *American Journal of Mathematics* in its first year and the *American Chemical Journal* in its second. It published its first book, *Sidney Lanier: A Memorial Tribute*, in 1881 to honor the poet who was one of the university\'s first writers in residence. In 1891, the Publication Agency became the Johns Hopkins Press; since 1972, it has been known as the Johns Hopkins University Press.
After various moves on and off the university\'s Homewood campus, the Press acquired a permanent home in Baltimore\'s Charles Village neighborhood in 1993, when it relocated to a renovated former church. Built in 1897, the granite and brick structure was the original church of the Saints Philip and James Roman Catholic parish and now houses the offices of the press on five floors.
In its 125 years of scholarly publishing, the Press has had only eight directors: Nicholas Murray, 1878--1908; Christian W. Dittus, 1908--1948; Harold E. Ingle, 1948--1974; Jack G. Goellner, 1974--1996; Willis G. Regier, 1996--1998; James D. Jordan, 1998--2003; Kathleen Keane, 2003--2017; and Barbara Pope, 2017--present.
## Publications and divisions {#publications_and_divisions}
JHU Press publishes 90 scholarly journals and more than 200 new books each year. Since 1993, JHU Press has run Project MUSE, an online provider of more than 550 scholarly journals and more than 20,000 electronic books
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# Robert Frampton
**Robert Frampton** (26 February 1622 -- 25 May 1708) was Bishop of Gloucester in England from 1681 to 1691 and later a Non-juror.
## Life
Frampton was born in Dorset in February 1622, to Robert and Elizabeth Frampton. He studied at Corpus Christi College and Christ Church, Oxford, where he received his B.A. in 1641. (He was later awarded the D.D., in 1673).
During the English Civil War, during which he attempted to remain neutral, he served as master of the free school at Gillingham, Dorset, and was privately ordained by Robert Skinner, bishop of Oxford. He then served as minister at Gillingham and later as chaplain to the Earl of Elgin in Bedfordshire. From there he took a position as chaplain to the Levant Company at Aleppo, Syria, in 1655.
Following his return from the Middle East in 1666, he married Mary Canning of Warwickshire in 1667. He returned to Aleppo soon after his marriage and stayed there until 1670. Returning to London in 1671, he was appointed Preacher of the Rolls Chapel and chaplain to the Lord Keeper. He was made a prebendary of Gloucester and Salisbury in 1672 and rector of Okeford Fitzpaine in Dorset.
In 1673 he was made Dean of Gloucester and in 1681 Bishop of Gloucester. During his years as bishop he preached at Whitehall for James II. His preaching against Roman Catholicism incurred the king\'s displeasure, as did Frampton\'s decision not to instal the candidate of the Catholic President of Magdalen College, Oxford, to the living of Slimbridge. An opponent of James\'s *Declaration of Indulgence* in 1688, Frampton was to join Archbishop William Sancroft\'s delegation that petitioned the king to revoke the Indulgence, but a delay in travel prevented him from being numbered among the Seven Bishops imprisoned in the Tower of London.
Despite his opposition to James II\'s Catholic policies, he refused the oaths to William III and Mary II and suffered deprival in 1691. A moderate Non-juror, he joined Thomas Ken in strongly opposing the continuance of the Nonjuring schism through the consecration of George Hickes and Thomas Wagstaffe as bishops of a new nonjuring line. In his retirement he continued officiating at the parish church at Standish, Gloucestershire.
He died at his home at Standish on 25 May 1708, being buried on the north side of the altar in the parish church
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# Spark-ignition engine
A **spark-ignition engine** (**SI engine**) is an internal combustion engine, generally a petrol engine, where the combustion process of the air-fuel mixture is ignited by a spark from a spark plug. This is in contrast to compression-ignition engines, typically diesel engines, where the heat generated from compression together with the injection of fuel is enough to initiate the combustion process, without needing any external spark.
## Fuels
Spark-ignition engines are commonly referred to as \"gasoline engines\" in North America, and \"petrol engines\" in Britain and the rest of the world. Spark-ignition engines can (and increasingly are) run on fuels other than petrol/gasoline, such as autogas (LPG), methanol, ethanol, bioethanol, compressed natural gas (CNG), hydrogen, and (in drag racing) nitromethane.
## Working cycle {#working_cycle}
The working cycle of both spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines may be either two-stroke or four-stroke.
A four-stroke spark-ignition engine is an Otto cycle engine. It consists of following four strokes: suction or intake stroke, compression stroke, expansion or power stroke, exhaust stroke. Each stroke consists of 180 degree rotation of crankshaft rotation and hence a four-stroke cycle is completed through 720 degree of crank rotation. Thus for one complete cycle there is only one power stroke while the crankshaft turns by two revolutions
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# Azucena Grajo Uranza
**Azucena Grajo Uranza** (27 January 1929 -- 11 March 2012) is a Filipino novelist, short story writer, and playwright in the English language.
## Biography
Uranza was born in Sorsogon, Sorsogon. She graduated from the Far Eastern University of the Philippines where she acquired a Bachelor of Arts in journalism in 1952 and then an MA in English in 1969. Apart from being a writer, Uranza was also an associate professor of Literature and the Humanities at Far Eastern University. As a playwright, she wrote for the theater, radio, and television. Her plays were produced by Channel 4 (television), DZRH (radio), and the Far Eastern University.
## Works
### Novels
She has written the novels, *Bamboo in the Wind* (1990), *A Passing Season* (2002), *Feast of the Innocents* (2003) and the *Women of Tammuz* (2004). It spans a hundred years of Philippine history and, in terms of chronology, *A Passing Season* is the first, followed by *The Women of Tammuz*, after which *Bamboo in the Wind* came Martial Law by the former Philippine president and despot, Ferdinand Edralin Marcos. The fourth part of the saga is the *Feast of Innocents*, set in the Philippines\' post-People Power period. Uranza\'s novels keep the Filipinos\' history alive.
A Passing Season is the saga of families during the time of the twin wars of 1896 and 1898, known in history as the Philippine Revolution and the Filipino-American War. It is the story of the Eduartes, the de Almogueiras, the Herreras, and their neighbor and occasional friends, the Ricaforts, trying to hold on to old and trusted rituals of daily life amidst the turbulence and upheaval in the last years of the nineteenth century in Manila. It is a novel about ordinary people - of Tibor and Aurora, Masin and his cousin Subas, of Torcuato, the servant boy who knows no other existence, but who, in the end, establishes a kinship with the epical heroes of the nation because his sacrifice has not been less noble.
Women of Tammuz continues the saga with the stories revolving around the Eduartes and the Herreras right before and during World War II.
Set in Manila in the last beleaguered months before the politico-military take-over in 1972, Bamboo in the Wind tells of the last desperate efforts of a people fighting to stave off disaster. Amid the escalating madness of a regime gone berserk, an odd assortment of people - a senator, a young nationalist, a dispossessed farmer, a radical activist, a convent school girl, a Jesuit scholastic, including the Eduartes, the Herreras, and their friends - make their way along the labyrinthine corridors of greed and power. Each is forced to examine his own commitment in the face of brutality and evil, as the book conjures up scene after scene of devastation: the massacre of the demonstrators, the demolition of Sapang Bato, the murder of the sugar plantation workers, the burning of the Laguardia ricefields. And, as a climax to the mounting violence, that final September day - the arrests, the torture, and finally the darkness that overtakes the land.
In the Feast of the Innocents, we see the conclusion of the story of the Eduarte and Herrera families, who struggle to stay connected by means of their memories and the good they believe in, because these are the best weapons against the more sophisticated forms of present-day evil. Their fortunes have blended with their country\'s history in a counterpoint with the national dreams: their great-grandfathers had fought in the Revolution and the Philippine--American War; their fathers had gone to Bataan to fight a hopeless defense of their homeland; and they themselves had waged a covert campaign against a dictatorship. Now it is nearing the end of the next century and the country seems to be facing a hopeful time. The Eduartes and Herreras of the present generation must exercise eternal vigilance as they, like all decent Filipino families, confront violence, falsehood, and greed. Tony Eduarte comes face to face with a misguided colonel; Raul Herrera stands his ground against an unscrupulous newspaperman; Cielo Munoz tries to retrieve a child prostitute from the streets of Manila as she seeks to find meaning in the poverty and hopelessness around her. Feast of the Innocents is a novel of contemporary dreams and realities.
### Other works {#other_works}
Uranza was also the author of the 2005 anthology of short stories entitled *Voices in a Minor Key*, a volume of 22 short stories, and a book of plays entitled *Masks and Mirrors*. Many of her short stories appeared in the pages of Filipino magazines such as *Philippines Free Press*, *Weekly Women\'s Magazine*, *Focus Magazine*. She also wrote a coffee table book entitled *Arbol, An Etnographic Record of a Family*.
## Recognition
Uranza was the recipient of the Philippine Centennial Awards for Literature, the Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature, the Focus Philippines Literary Awards, the Pama-as, the Gintong Bai Award (National Commission for Culture and the Arts), and the Green and Gold Artist Award (Far Eastern University)
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# Oberlin–Wellington Rescue
The **Oberlin--Wellington Rescue** of 1858 in was a key event in the history of abolitionism in the United States. A *cause célèbre* and widely publicized, thanks in part to the new telegraph, it is one of the series of events leading up to Civil War.
John Price, an escaped slave, was arrested in Oberlin, Ohio, under the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850. To avoid conflict with locals, whose abolitionism was well known, the U.S. marshal and his party took him to the first train stop out of Oberlin heading south: Wellington. Rescuers from Oberlin followed them to Wellington, took Price by force from the marshal and escorted him back to Oberlin, from where he headed via the Underground Railroad to freedom in Canada.
Thirty-seven rescuers were indicted, but as a result of state and federal negotiations, only two were tried in federal court. The case received national attention, and defendants argued eloquently against the law. When rescue allies went to the 1859 Ohio Republican convention, they added a repeal of the Fugitive Slave Law to the party platform. The rescue and continued activism of its participants kept the issue of slavery as part of the national discussion. `{{Events leading to US Civil War}}`{=mediawiki}
## Precedent
On March 5, 1841, a group described by local newspapers as supposed \"fanatical abolition anarchists\" from Oberlin, using saws and axes, freed two captured fugitive slaves from the Lorain County jail.
## Events
On September 13, 1858, a runaway slave named John Price, from Maysville, Kentucky, was arrested by a United States marshal in Oberlin, Ohio. Under the Fugitive Slave Law, the federal government assisted slave owners in reclaiming their runaway slaves, and local officials were required to assist. The marshal knew that many Oberlin residents were abolitionists, and the town and college were known for their radical anti-slavery stance. To avoid conflict with locals and to quickly get the slave to Columbus and *en route* to the slave\'s owner in Kentucky, the marshal quickly took Price to nearby Wellington, Ohio, to board a train.
As soon as residents heard of the marshal\'s actions, a group of men rushed to Wellington. They joined like-minded residents of Wellington and attempted to free Price, but the marshal and his deputies took refuge in a local hotel. After peaceful negotiations failed, the rescuers stormed the hotel and found Price in the attic. The group immediately returned Price to Oberlin, where they hid him in the home of James Harris Fairchild, a future president of Oberlin College. A short time later, they took Price to Canada, terminus of the Underground Railroad, where there was no slavery and fugitives were safe. Nothing is known about Price\'s life in Canada.
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# Oberlin–Wellington Rescue
## Trial
A federal grand jury brought indictments against 37 of those who freed Price. Professor Henry E. Peck was indicted, and twelve of the rescuers indicted were free blacks, among them Charles Henry Langston, who had helped ensure that Price was taken to Canada rather than released to the authorities. Charles and his brother John Mercer Langston were both Oberlin College graduates, and led the Ohio Anti-Slavery Society in 1858. They both were politically active all their lives, Charles in Kansas and John taking leadership roles in state and national politics, in 1888 becoming the first African-American to be elected to the US Congress from Virginia.
On January 11, the 37 celebrated at a dinner in the Palmer House in Oberlin. In a lengthy article about it in a Cleveland paper, the toasts were published.
Feelings ran high in Ohio in the aftermath of Price\'s rescue. When the federal grand jury issued its indictments, state authorities arrested the federal marshal, his deputies, and other men involved in John Price\'s detention. After negotiations, state officials agreed to release the arresting officials, while federal officials agreed to drop the charges and release 35 of the men indicted.
Simeon M. Bushnell, a white man, and Charles H. Langston were the only two who went to trial. Four prominent local attorneys---Franklin Thomas Backus, Rufus P. Spalding, Albert G. Riddle, and Seneca O. Griswold---acted for the defense. The jurors were all known Democrats. After they convicted Bushnell, the same jury was called to try Langston, despite his protests that they could not be impartial.
Langston gave a speech in court that was a rousing statement of the case for abolition and for justice for colored men. He closed with these words:
The jury also convicted Langston. The judge gave light sentences: Bushnell 60 days in jail and Langston 20.
## Appeal
Bushnell and Langston filed a writ of *habeas corpus* with the Ohio Supreme Court, claiming that the federal court did not have the authority to arrest and try them because the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 was unconstitutional. The Ohio Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the law by a three-to-two ruling. Although Chief Justice Joseph Rockwell Swan was personally opposed to slavery, he wrote that his judicial duty left him no choice but to acknowledge that an Act of the United States Congress was the supreme law of the land (see Supremacy Clause), and to uphold it.
Members of Ohio\'s abolitionist community were incensed. More than 10,000 people participated in a Cleveland rally to oppose the federal and state courts\' decisions. Appearing with Republican leaders such as Gov. Salmon P. Chase and Joshua Giddings, John Mercer Langston was the sole black speaker that day. Because of his decision, Chief Justice Swan failed to win reelection and his political career was ruined in Ohio.
## Aftermath
In time, regional tensions over slavery, constitutional interpretation, and other factors led to the outbreak of the Civil War. The Oberlin-Wellington rescue is considered important as it not only attracted widespread national attention but occurred in a region of Ohio known for its Underground Railroad activity. Those who participated in the rescue and their allies continued to be active in Ohio and national politics. In 1859 those who attended the Ohio Republican convention succeeded in adding a repeal of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 to the Ohio party platform. The rescue and continued actions of its participants brought the issue of slavery into national discussion.
Two participants in the Oberlin--Wellington Rescue---Lewis Sheridan Leary and John A. Copeland, along with Oberlin resident Shields Green---went on to join John Brown\'s Raid on Harper\'s Ferry in 1859. Leary was killed during the attack. Copeland and Green were captured and tried along with John Brown. They were convicted of treason and executed on December 16, 1859, two weeks after Brown
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# Liniers
**Liniers** is a barrio (neighborhood) of Buenos Aires on the edge of the city, centered on Rivadavia Avenue. It is also an important train station and bus hub, connecting western Gran Buenos Aires with the Buenos Aires Metro.
The neighborhood developed around the Liniers railway station following its inaugural in 1872.
The neighborhood is home to football club Club Atlético Vélez Sársfield, whose stadium, the José Amalfitani Stadium, has been established there in 1951. Liners is also the site of the Church of San Cayetano, consecrated in 1900 and elevated to a parish in 1913. The Church of San Cayetano hosts thousands of faithful who gather each feast day (August 7) to pray for employment or to give thanks for their livelihood. `{{stack|[[File:Estadio Vélez Sarsfield, 29-04-12, CFK.jpg|thumb|José Amalfitani Stadium]]|[[File:Avenida General Paz en Liniers hacia el sur.jpg|thumb|View of [[Avenida General Paz|General Paz Freeway]] and Liniers (left).]]}}`{=mediawiki}
The ward is named after Santiago de Liniers, a colonial administrator who resisted the British Invasions of the Río de la Plata
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# Ibo (Mozambique)
**Ibo** `{{IPA|pt|ˈiβu|}}`{=mediawiki} (*Kisiwa cha Ibo*, in Swahili) is one of the Quirimbas Islands in the Indian Ocean off northern Mozambique. It is part of Cabo Delgado Province. It grew as a Muslim trading port. Vasco da Gama reportedly rested on the island in 1502. The island was fortified in 1609 by the Portuguese.
In the late eighteenth century, Portuguese colonialists built the Fort of São João, which still survives, and the town, as a slave port, became the second most important in the region after Mozambique Island. The island is now a far quieter place, known for its silversmiths.
During the war of independence against Portugal, many members of FRELIMO and other nationalist organisations were imprisoned and killed at the fort. The first president of independent Mozambique stated in 1983 that \"every palm tree on the island is fertilised by the bodies of the Mozambicans who were betrayed and killed by PIDE agents\".
Ibo forms part of the Quirimbas National Park and is linked by dhows to the mainland at Tandanhangue.
In April 2019, Cyclone Kenneth hit the island and it was reported that 90% of the homes were destroyed.
During March 2024, Al-Shabaab jihadists reportedly seized the island after clashing with expelled forces from Quirimba island (also under control of the militants), forcing the remaining FADM members to flee towards the towns of Pemba and Quissanga. Some locals of the island denounced the government and local authorities of *abandoning* them
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# Quirimbas Islands
The **Quirimbas Islands** `{{IPA|pt|kiˈɾĩbɐʃ|}}`{=mediawiki} lie in the western Indian Ocean off northeastern Mozambique, close to Pemba, the capital of the province of Cabo Delgado. The archipelago consists of about 32 islands, including Ibo, Matemo, Medjumbe, Quirimba, Metundo, Quisiva, Vamizi Island and Rolas Island all going up to the border of the Tanzanian region of Mtwara .
## History
Originally home to Makonde fishing settlements, the islands\' population grew around Swahili trading posts and declined under the Portuguese trading routes when it was known as the Ilhas de São Lázaro (Islands of St. Lazarus) during the 16th century. When the Portuguese started occupying cities in the islands such as Ibo, the Swahili merchants fled to other parts of the island to operate in. The Swahili merchants refused to trade with the Portuguese, in which started an attack resulting in 60 Muslim merchants casualties and property being burnt down. The island was in control by the Portuguese until Mozambique gained independence in 1975. Before independence, only four of the 32 islands were inhabited. Today, many of the islands are inhabited. On May 23, 2014, a mudspill was reported off shore near the Quirimbas Islands which was caused by a drilling rig operated by Anadarko Petroleum.
These islands are known for their diving sites, some up to 400 m deep. The Quirimbas National Park, spanning an area of 7500 sqkm, includes the 11 most southerly islands, which are partly surrounded by mangroves. The park was established in 2002 as a protected area.
In the early morning of 3 March 2024, militants of the Islamic State -- Central Africa Province seized the island of Quirimba after clashing with local forces, killing and wounding a number of them, while forcing the remnants to flee to the nearby island of Ibo and elsewhere. Two days later, local sources reported a major attack launched by the same militants against the neighboring island of Ibo, successfully seizing it after fierce clashes; locals of the island accused the government and the municipal authorities of having abandoned them after the attacks.
## World Heritage Status {#world_heritage_status}
The Quirimbas Islands are currently on the tentative list for becoming a UNESCO World Heritage Site which was submitted in 2008.
## Gallery
<File:Querimbo-1775.jpg%7CA> map of the island in 1775 <File:Medjumbe> Island Pool Deck.jpg\|The coast of Medjumbe Island <File:Ilha> do Ibo-sunset-02.jpg\|Beach of Ibo Island <File:Quirimbas> Fisherman on dhow safari
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# Aberdeen Centre
**Aberdeen Centre** is a shopping mall in Richmond, British Columbia. It is located in the Golden Village district on Hazelbridge Way, bordered by Cambie Road to the north.
## History
The original Aberdeen Centre was built in 1989. It contained about 50 to 75 stores. The original Chinese name was \"`{{zh|香港仔中心|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}\", which refers to the Chinese name of Aberdeen, Hong Kong. Envisioned as an \"Asian mall\" in anticipation of the coming wave of migration from Hong Kong due to the impending 1997 Handover of Hong Kong, Aberdeen Centre\'s developer Thomas Fung had trouble finding tenants initially since there had been no Asian malls in North America in the 1980s. Fung offered to buy a 50 percent equity stake in any store setting up in Aberdeen with an option for tenants to buy back the shares with no interest if business flourished. Almost 95 percent successfully bought back the shares within a year of the mall\'s opening.
As new Asian malls such as Yaohan Centre and President Plaza opened, it soon became apparent that the original Aberdeen Centre was too small to compete. It was demolished in 2001 and was rebuilt for approximately \$130 million. The current Aberdeen Centre, opened in 2003, is about three times the original mall\'s size and has around 100 stores.
There are restaurants on its upper floors. An indoor musical fountain, similar to the one in front of Bellagio Hotel in Las Vegas but smaller in scale, was built at the centre of the mall and performs shows every hour.
In 2006, the mall became home to the operations of Fairchild Group\'s Chinese-language TV and radio operations in Vancouver. Fairchild Radio (CJVB AM1470 and CHKG FM96.1) now has studios on the second floor, while Fairchild TV and Talentvision have their news studios on the third floor.
On August 8, 2008, the largest viewing party in the Vancouver area for the 2008 Summer Olympics took place at the mall, with thousands of spectators, some of whom had lined up since 3:30 in the morning.
The third phase of the development, Aberdeen Square, opened in 2013. It has three retail and three office levels.
## Transportation
Access to the SkyTrain\'s Canada Line is available through the mall\'s third phase, Aberdeen Square. The mall is connected directly to line\'s Aberdeen station via an overhead walkway to the northbound platform.
Public transit buses, serviced by TransLink, have connections to the mall, with routes serving Richmond and New Westminster.
## Incidents
On February 9, 2006, a knife battle between four men occurred in the upper food court area of the mall. One man was fatally stabbed in the heart and died at the scene. Another was seriously injured, suffering a knife wound at the back. The two remaining men fled the scene.
On October 26, 2008, a middle-aged Asian man committed suicide by jumping down from the third floor near the food court area. He was pronounced dead at the scene. Richmond RCMP ruled out any foul play and believed it was an isolated suicide incident.
On September 15, 2016, masked suspects wielding hammers broke several display cases at a jewelry store before escaping in a stolen pickup truck. No injuries were reported.
## Gallery
Aberdeen-ext.jpg\|Exterior view of Aberdeen Centre Aberdeen Centre Level 2 shops 2018.jpg\|Aberdeen Centre level 2 shops Aberdeen Centre Food Court 2018.jpg\|Aberdeen Centre level 3 food court Aberdeen Square Access connect to Aberdeen Centre 2018.jpg\|Aberdeen Square access to Aberdeen Centre Aberdeen Square Level 3 shops 201807
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# Mueda
**Mueda** `{{IPA|pt|ˈmwɛða|}}`{=mediawiki} is the largest town of the Makonde Plateau in northeastern Mozambique. It is the capital of the Mueda District in Cabo Delgado Province. It is the center of the culture of the Makondes, and the production of their ebony sculptures.
## Geography
Mueda is located on the upland Mueda Plateau, which has a more temperate climate than the coast, but where, because of the permeable sandy soil, water infiltrates to a great depth, making it difficult to supply drinking water. In about 1970, Portugal, the ruling authority of Mozambique at the time, built a system to supply drinkable water, under the direction of the engineer Canhoto. In the 1980s, after the independence of Mozambique from Portugal, the system was rebuilt by the Mozambican government, with the assistance of UNICEF and Swiss co-operation.
## Climate
## History
Mueda was founded around a Portuguese colonial army barracks.
### Massacre of Mueda {#massacre_of_mueda}
On 16 June 1960, Makonde nationalists organized a demonstration in front of the Mueda District headquarters on the Mueda town square in order to demand independence from Portugal. Apparently the district administrator had invited them to present their grievances. The administrator ordered the leaders arrested, and the crowd protested. The Portuguese administrator ordered his pre-assembled troops to fire on the crowd, after which many more were thrown to their death into a ravine. The number of dead is in dispute. However, resentment generated by these events ultimately led to the independentist guerrilla organization FRELIMO gaining needed momentum at the outset of the Mozambican War of Independence (1964--1975). The site of the massacre is marked by a commemorative statue.
### War for independence {#war_for_independence}
The Makonde were strong supporters of FRELIMO. In fact, the Makonde African National Union (MANU - later Mozambique African National Union) was one of the three founding organizations of FRELIMO. Mueda was also the site of Portuguese operations against FRELIMO. In 1967, in one of its first major military actions, FRELIMO launched an abortive attack against the airbase there, although the base was seriously damaged. In May 1970, General Arriaga began Operation Gordian Knot, headquartered out of Mueda. By the end of the operation, he claimed to have eliminated over seventy FRELIMO bases. However, other than loss of equipment and supplies, the operation did not affect FRELIMO\'s ability to infiltrate additional arms from Tanzania, and did not substantially affect their ability to wage war. In a later attack, in 1972, against the Mueda airbase, all nineteen airplanes were destroyed.
## Images from Mueda {#images_from_mueda}
<File:Municipio> de Mueda (9806338906).jpg\|Mueda Municipality Building <File:MuedaAirport.JPG%7CMueda> Airport c. 1995 <File:MuedaGas> 0126.jpg\|Refueling station in Mueda c
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# North Carolina International Port
In early 2006 the North Carolina State Ports Authority (NCSPA) conceived its proposal for a **North Carolina International Terminal** to be created on property that it purchased just north of the town of Southport, NC between the Progress Energy Brunswick Nuclear Power Plant and the Sunny Point Military Ammunitions Port. The NCSPA purchased the property in early 2006 for \$30 million from Pfizer. Having met substantial public and political resistance in ensuing years, this proposal will not likely move forward in the foreseeable future.
## Proposed Scope and Infrastructure Investment {#proposed_scope_and_infrastructure_investment}
Conceptual designs for the North Carolina International Terminal called for a high-density, automated container terminal capable of serving 12,000-TEU vessels with at least a 50-foot draft (the existing navigation channel serving the Port of Wilmington in the Wilmington Harbor has a dredge depth of 42 (+/-) feet). Development of the North Carolina International Terminal on the existing footprint could result in a terminal that could handle as many as 2-3 million TEUs a year, which is equivalent to the capacity currently handled by container terminals such as Charleston and Savannah. Construction cost projections as of June 2010 were approximately \$4.4 billion (escalated).
Development would have required additional transportation infrastructure expenditures to accommodate the movement of cargo to and from the terminal by both road and rail. Currently, both road and rail access to the proposed North Carolina International Terminal site are limited and would have required substantial improvement to accommodate the expected cargo volumes and to alleviate additional traffic on local roadways.
## Proposed Container Traffic and Job Creation Opportunity {#proposed_container_traffic_and_job_creation_opportunity}
In support of their land purchase and the proposed construction, the NCSPA had stated that there are currently few ports on the U.S. East Coast that can offer the deep draft conditions and large container terminals that will be required in the future. New locks and channels were under construction at the time and have now been completed, allowing for much larger \"post-Panamax\" containerships to transit the canal. Many containers that had been transiting the Pacific and unloading at west coast ports and moving via rail to points east could likely move more economically to east coast ports through the canal. The NCSPA had proposed that the port capitalize on this new container growth and provide new job opportunities for the region and the state.
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# North Carolina International Port
## Competition and Excess Capacity at Existing East Coast Ports {#competition_and_excess_capacity_at_existing_east_coast_ports}
In competition with the proposed port, the majority of existing east coast ports have been investing in dredging and expansion projects to attract the larger post-Panamax vessels. In February 2011, Alberto Aleman, the CEO of the Panama Canal, addressed the issue of expanding capacity on the east coast \"*Two deeper, wider ports along the US Eastern seaboard and one in the Gulf coast should be enough to handle the growth in traffic, instead of the approximately 13 port expansions now underway. The East Coast has many ports, and the large container ships are not going to stop at every port.*\" Now that there is indeed excess capacity where the new post-Panamax vessels can find existing east coast ports competing with each other for business, it is obvious that the proposed Southport site would have been in a difficult competitive position given its poor access to mainstream rail and truck routes. Conversely, North Carolina manufacturers already have a number of existing cost-competitive overseas shipping port options to keep them competitive with other east coast manufacturers without a taxpayer-subsidized port in Southport.
Competition by existing east coast ports was accelerated on July 19, 2012, when President Obama announced that the federal government was expediting five major port expansion projects at Jacksonville and Miami, Fla.; Savannah, Ga.; Charleston, S.C.; New York and New Jersey. The White House said that the expedited projects would be completed between 2012 and 2015.
The Southport site would also have been at a competitive disadvantage geographically, located on an inherently shallow-water estuary. \"*God gave Norfolk that advantage,*\" said NC Secretary of Transportation Gene Conti on Aug. 13, 2012, referring to the natural deep water in and around Hampton Roads. \"*I can\'t compete with God.*\"
In his March 27, 2013 presentation of \"The Future of NC Ports\", Jeff Miles, acting executive director of the N.C. State Ports Authority, put into words the authority\'s current approach to competing with other East Coast ports. \"*Charleston, Norfolk and Savannah today are just behemoth container operators,*\" he said. \"*Engaging in an arms race with those guys is a prescription for a serious loss. We just can\'t go toe-to-toe with them today.*\"
## Public and political support versus opposition {#public_and_political_support_versus_opposition}
**Support:** The Army Corps of Engineers, the Int\'l Longshoremen\'s Assoc. and the Brunswick County Commissioners had led the list of supporters. Yes Port NC solicited public support as well.
**Opposition:** Early opposition began with the grassroots organizing efforts of NoPort Southport and Save the Cape. By 2010, all six communities in the affected lower Cape Fear region had expressed their opposition to the proposed port, including Southport, Caswell Beach, Bald Head Island, Saint James, Boiling Spring Lakes and Oak Island. On June 29, 2010, US Congressman Mike McIntyre, who represents the affected 7th Congressional District and is the Vice-Chairman of the Armed Services Subcommittee on Terrorism, announced his opposition to the proposed terminal. Rep. McIntyre cited most of the negative issues listed below as the basis for his opposition. The US Fish and Wildlife Commission had also expressed its opposition.
On July 19, 2012, both the Democratic and Republican candidates vying for North Carolina governor in the November 2012 elections (with incumbent Gov. Perdue choosing not to seek reelection) declared their opposition to the megaport proposal. Walter Dalton (Dem) cited lack of support by federal and state lawmakers, and Governor-elect Pat McCrory (Rep) stated that \"Questions of feasibility should have been asked before we wasted millions to buy the land and conduct studies\" and further stated that he has long believed that the marketplace doesn\'t support a new port.
## Impact on the Environment, Quality-of-Life and Property Values {#impact_on_the_environment_quality_of_life_and_property_values}
Opponents of the megaport had expressed concerns for its environmental impact in this ecologically sensitive area; as well as local health and quality-of-life impacts associated with imposing major port traffic on this small residential coastal community (Southport, North Carolina). In addition, the proposed deeper dredging required to support post-Panamax containership vessels threatens shoreline integrity of Cape Fear coastal communities (Oak Island, North Carolina) and (Bald Head Island, North Carolina) as well as threatening the integrity of the fresh water aquifer (required for potable water throughout the region) that runs immediately below the existing Cape Fear River seaway and would be destroyed by seawater impingement if the specified dredging depths occurred. Consistent with other major port areas along the eastern seaboard, port opponents anticipated that residential property values in the affected lower Cape Fear would decrease substantially with the advent of a major port environment.
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# North Carolina International Port
## Terrorism Risk {#terrorism_risk}
The affected municipalities in the lower Cape Fear, as well as US Congressman Mike McIntyre, had also expressed safety and security concerns; since the proposed port site is located adjacent to both a nuclear power plant (Brunswick Nuclear Generating Station) and the world\'s largest weapons, ammunition, explosives and military equipment terminal (Military Ocean Terminal Sunny Point). In a report prepared for the Pentagon by the Nuclear Proliferation Prevention Project (NPPP) at the University of Texas at Austin\'s LBJ School of Public Affairs, the Brunswick Nuclear Power Plant near Southport is considered among the 11 most vulnerable because it further lacks protection against attack from the sea, and the proximity of a major international port would have served only to aggravate this vulnerability.
## Public Investment Requirement {#public_investment_requirement}
Due to its remote location and absence of freeway and major rail services that are common to other existing container ports in the U.S., taxpayers would have been required to fund the expansive public works construction projects needed to deal with the high volume of truck and rail traffic into and out of the Southport area before securing any commitments by private investors (that the NCSPA had stated were necessary for the port proposal to proceed). US and North Carolina taxpayers would have had to commit to the infrastructure improvements with no assurance that private investors would \"come to the table\" to invest in the port venture.
## Private Commercial Investment {#private_commercial_investment}
In over seven years since the inception of the Megaport concept, the NCSPA had not found any commercial partners willing to participate in this investment, posing substantial doubt as to the commercial viability of the proposal. Projects already underway or planned for deep water access at competing east coast ports, targeted to attract post-Panamax vessels, further exacerbated the commercial viability of the NCIT proposal.
## NCDOT Maritime Strategy Study {#ncdot_maritime_strategy_study}
After having declared a \"hold\" on their pursuit of the Southport megaport proposal on July 21, 2010, in the face of public and political opposition, NCSPA Board Chairman Carl Stewart stated at the time that he and the Port Authority Board remain committed to continue pursuing the Southport megaport proposal at this site in the future. Shortly after the reorganization of the NCSPA under the NC Department of Transportation in March, 2011, the NCDOT announced the development of a Maritime Strategy Study to include, among other issues, reconsideration of the NCIT proposal. On June 26, 2012, the study team released its final report which concluded that investment in the existing ports in Wilmington and Morehead City would be more cost effective than pursuing the megaport at Southport, although it was still included as an alternative. The study estimated the total cost for the megaport, including infrastructure, to be \$6.1 billion.
## Changes in NCSPA Leadership and Port Focus {#changes_in_ncspa_leadership_and_port_focus}
Although his term as Chairman extended into 2016, Stewart\'s early resignation from the NCSPA Board was announced on Aug. 23, 2012 Also announced at that time was the appointment of Tom Bradshaw as the Executive Director of the North Carolina State Port Authority, the position formerly held by Tom Eagar. With Stewart\'s departure from NCSPA, there were no remaining elected or appointed officials at the federal or state level who advocated spending more taxpayer dollars in pursuit or evaluation of the megaport proposal; and there are still, to this day, no private entities expressing any interest for investing in the megaport concept.
On August 29, 2012, Governor Perdue appointed state Rep. Danny McComas, a Republican in his final term and resident of Wilmington, as chairman of the NCSPA Board of Directors, replacing Carl Stewart. Rep. McComas stated that the megaport project is \"not on my radar screen. I don\'t see that going anywhere in the near future.\"
While this combination of circumstances would seem to doom the prospects for the megaport proposal, the 600-acre parcel originally purchased in 2005 is still owned by the NCSPA and remains available for such industrial development.
## Alternative Uses for Megaport Property Purchased by NCSPA {#alternative_uses_for_megaport_property_purchased_by_ncspa}
An alternative use for the parcel purchased by the NCSPA for the megaport has been proposed by \"Save the Cape\". Their proposal is that the property be purchased from the NCSPA by the State of North Carolina for designation as a state park, preserving \"the biodiversity of the limited remaining coastal wetlands for future generations.\"
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# North Carolina International Port
## An Attempt to Resurrect the Port Proposal in the NC Assembly? {#an_attempt_to_resurrect_the_port_proposal_in_the_nc_assembly}
NC Sen. Michael Lee, R-New Hanover, sponsored a bill in the NC Senate for removal of \"The Rocks\" between Zeke\'s and Smith islands on the southern tip of New Hanover County, which became part of N.C. House Bill 97, the 2015 Appropriations Act. While NC Senate legislators state that its purpose is for \"ecosystem restoration and protection of navigational safety\", a majority of regional institutions and local governments found this hard to believe. \"What I smell in this is that we\'re not being leveled with about what\'s really going on,\" said Larry Cahoon, a professor and oceanographer at the University of North Carolina Wilmington. \"Ecologically, I haven\'t heard an argument about what\'s broken that needs fixing.\" The \"Removal of the Rocks\" initiative by the NC Senate is seen by many Cape Fear Area observers as another ploy at siting an international port at the property that the NCSPA still owns just west of \"the Rocks\". The NCIT proposal continues to be rejected by local governments (by their unanimous rejection of the \"Removal of the Rocks\" proposal). As of early 2018, nothing seems to have resulted from Rep. Lee\'s proposal.
## Wilmington Port Announces 2020 Improvements to Accommodate Largest Container Ships {#wilmington_port_announces_2020_improvements_to_accommodate_largest_container_ships}
The NC Port Authority announced on April 7, 2020, that the Wilmington Container Port is \"ready to welcome the largest container ships calling on the United States East Coast following the completion of Phase II of the Turning Basin Expansion Project there.\". On May 20, 2020, the Hyundai Hope, a 16,000 TEU containership, set the record for the largest vessel to enter the Cape Fear bound for Wilmington
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# Joachim O. Fernández
**Joachim Octave Fernández** (August 14, 1896 -- August 8, 1978), was a member of the U. S. House of Representatives for Louisiana\'s 1st congressional district. Like all other members of his state\'s congressional delegation at the time of his tenure, Fernández was a Democrat.
## Biography
Son of Octave Gonzales Fernández and Mary Benson, he was born, lived, and died in New Orleans, Louisiana. Their ancestors came from the Canary Islands, Spain and were also of Cajun, Alsatian, and Galician descent. Settlers in Louisiana from the Canaries are known as Isleños. On June 3, 1920, he married Viola Murray, and the couple had two sons and two daughters. He began his political career as a member of the Old Regular political machine. He was a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1924 to 1928 and the State Senate from 1928 to 1930 at the time of the administration of Mayor T. Semmes Walmsley. In 1930, however, Fernández defected to the camp of Walmsley\'s enemy, Governor Huey Pierce Long, Jr. He became Long\'s Ninth Ward political boss and was elected to the House of Representatives in 1930 with Long\'s support. He lost his seat in 1940 to reform candidate Felix Edward Hébert, a former journalist for the *New Orleans Times-Picayune*.
Fernández was a delegate to the Louisiana state constitutional convention in 1921, which wrote the document to govern his state until 1975. He was an alternate delegate to the 1936 Democratic National Convention, which renominated the Franklin D. Roosevelt-John Nance Garner ticket. In his forties, Fernández served in the United States Navy as a lieutenant commander during World War II. After his congressional service, Fernández was the U.S. collector of internal revenue in New Orleans.
In the election of 1946, Fernández briefly served as the reform candidate against Mayor Robert Maestri, but he withdrew from the race at the last minute after Maestri offered to pay his campaign expenses. Maestri was unseated, however, by the reformers\' choice, deLesseps Story Morrison.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Fernández was Roman Catholic and Hispanic. He was a member of the American Legion. He is interred at the large Metairie Cemetery in New Orleans
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# Mocímboa da Praia
**Mocímboa da Praia** is a port town in northern Mozambique, lying on the Indian Ocean coast, in Cabo Delgado Province. It is used as a border post for travel to and from Tanzania even though it is 127 km from the border by road. It is the seat of Mocímboa da Praia District.
## History
The city was prominent during the colonial period due to its port, which served the export market, and because of easy access to Tanzania and the north. The Portuguese army had a base there during the independence struggle. During the Mozambican Civil War it was a safe area for internally displaced people. Many people resettled here after the 1992 peace accords.
In 2017, an Islamic extremist group linked to ISIL named \"Ansar al-Sunna\" attacked the city during the Insurgency in Cabo Delgado, killing 17 people. Another attack took place on March 24, 2020, which briefly gave the militants control of the city before they were driven out by the Mozambique Defence Armed Forces. Islamist insurgents took control of the city on August 12, 2020, after defending government forces ran short of ammunition and evacuated, some by sea. The insurgents controlled the city for 12 months whilie the government tried to organise forces to regain control. In August 2021 these efforts were successful and a combination of Rwandan and Mozambican forces retook the city.
## Economy
Its economy relies mainly on fishing and logging
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# West Canada Creek
The **West Canada Creek** is a 76 mi river in upstate New York, United States. West Canada Creek is an important water way in Hamilton, Oneida, and Herkimer counties, draining the south part of the Adirondack Mountains before emptying into the Mohawk River near the Village of Herkimer. The name \"Canada\" is derived from an Iroquoian word for \"village\" (*Kanata*).
## Recreation and municipal use {#recreation_and_municipal_use}
A series of waterfalls in the Prospect Gorge, principally Trenton Falls, was a major tourist attraction in the past. Today, the West Canada is used by public utilities for power generation, and is used by the public for trout fishing, tubing, and other outdoor recreational pursuits. For fishing and fly fishing advocates, a trophy section exists from Trenton Falls to the Oneida/Herkimer county border, also known as Comstock Bridge. Efforts to balance the impacts of power generation and the habitat needs of wild trout in West Canada Creek have been undertaken by advocacy groups such as the Trout Power Initiative.
The timber, fish, and game of the area have been harvested for centuries. Today, all of the West Canada Creek is classified and protected under the New York State Wild, Scenic and Recreational Rivers System Act.
## History
The West Canada Creek got its name from being the western boundary of Sir William Johnson\'s Royal Land Grant, and because the St. Lawrence Iroquoian word for village is *Kanata* or Canada. The name \"Canada\" may also refer to the creek\'s importance as a trail to Canada in colonial times. The creek was also known by Native Americans as *Te-ugh-ta-ra-row*, meaning \"its waters are discolored\"; the color of the creek that resulted from its sources in the forest also gave rise to another historical name, \"Amber Creek\".
The stream was formerly known as the **Kuyahoora River**, from the Native American term *Kuy-a-ho-ra*, meaning \"slanting waters\", or \"leaping waters\". The river\'s valley is also known as the **Kuyahoora Valley**.
On October 30, 1781, Walter Butler was killed along West Canada Creek near Black Creek. He was attempting to delay American forces and allow his Loyalist forces to escape after leading them in the Cherry Valley massacre during the American Revolutionary War. According to legend his body was stripped naked and left to the wolves propped up in an old tree stump.
Following the Revolutionary War, Arthur Noble II (son of Arthur Noble) purchased 80,000 acre in the present town of Ohio, and called it \"Nobleboro\". He built a saw mill there to export lumber to Ireland. In 1790 Noble got a road built to Nobleboro so that he could ride to his saw mill in a coach-and-four. Some logging occurred at Nobleboro before the Civil War, but by the late 1800s a new call for lumber and paper caused new activity in the woods of the region. Pulp and paper mills were built at Hinkley, with saw mills and a debarking mill at Nobleboro. The vast forests to the north were still in private ownership and they supplied these industries for decades. Each spring logs and pulpwood were flushed downstream on the wave of snowmelt and Nobleboro was an important staging area for these log drives. The foundation logs of the river drive dam that controlled water flow can still be seen at the river\'s edge. Log drives continued on the West Canada Creek until 1949. Since then the land here has healed nearly hiding the once-thriving industrial complex once known as \"Nobleboro, the gateway to the great north woods\".
In the late-19th century and first decade of the 20th century, the area surrounding the creek\'s source at the West Canada Lakes was inhabited by several woodsmen who were lumberjacks, trappers, fishermen, hunters and guides. Most notable was a character named Louis Seymore, commonly known as French Louie. In 1922 the Adirondack Mountain Club was founded with the purpose of enacting conservation work and maintaining trails. They laid out and maintained the Northville-Placid Trail which runs through the West Canada Lakes area and is now maintained by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC).
By the 1930s float planes were bringing increasing numbers of anglers to the West Canada Lakes and the trout population was decreasing rapidly. Around that time the state began an aggressive stocking program which continued into the 1960s, but the fishery was still declining. By the mid 1970s water acidity had depleted trout populations in many of the lakes and in the river itself. In 1972, the West Canada Lake Wilderness Area was designated by the NYSDEC as \"Wilderness\", and as such no motorized vehicles or watercraft are allowed into the area. It was determined that during summer and fall acidity was fine, but during the spring snow melt a large quantity of acidic water was entering the lakes and streams, just at the time that young trout were hatching. In the late 1980s increasing catches of brook trout and lake trout renewed interest. Subsequent studies have shown reduced acidity and increased trout populations.
In 1863, William H. Seward, then Secretary of State to Abraham Lincoln, met with representatives of foreign nations at Trenton Falls to persuade them not to recognize the Confederacy.
## Tributaries
### Right
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# West Canada Creek
## Tributaries
### Left
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# West Canada Creek
## Course
### The West Canada Lakes {#the_west_canada_lakes}
The West Canada Lakes (\[West Lake, Mud Lake, and South Lake) are the source of the West Canada Creek. Nearby Brook Trout Lake and Northrup Lake are the source of the Indian River which empties into the Moose River country.
### South Branch of the West Canada Creek {#south_branch_of_the_west_canada_creek}
The West Canada Creek\'s south branch gets its start at T-lake, northwest of Piseco Lake. It travels southwest, through the town of Morehouse, and joins the main branch of the West Canada at Nobleboro. North of Route 8 on Mountain Home Road is a man-made lake called The Floe on the maps, but to the locals it is called Mountain Home Pond.
### Nobleboro
Nobleboro is located at the confluence of the north and south branches of the West Canada Creek. The watershed at Nobleboro covers some 240 sqmi of the southwestern Adirondack Park, and is rich in natural resources. The West Canada Lakes Wilderness Area has been expanded to include Fort Noble Mountain, which was the site of a fire tower that was erected in 1916 until it was deactivated and removed in 1985. A kiosk next to the stream at Nobleboro, spells it \"Nobleborough\", however virtually every map and book refer to it as \"Nobleboro.\"
### Wilmurt Falls and the Ohio Gorge {#wilmurt_falls_and_the_ohio_gorge}
Wilmurt Falls, which is downstream from Nobleboro in the town of Ohio, has the distinction of being the dividing line between brook trout in the waters upstream from the falls, and brown and rainbow trout downstream. The browns and rainbows for the most part don\'t get above the falls. The falls is also the top end of the Ohio gorge.
### Hinckley Reservoir {#hinckley_reservoir}
Hinckley Reservoir, named after a community at its western end, is a man-made lake on the West Canada Creek just upstream from the Prospect Gorge. It is held back by a dam constructed of 117000 cuyd of concrete and 600000 cuyd of dirt. The dam was completed in 1911 and took 500 workers four years to build at a cost of \$985,000. In 1928 the reservoir\'s name was changed to Kuyahoora Lake after campers encouraged the State committee on Geographic Names to alter the name, however the United States Board on Geographic Names continues to list \"Hinckley Reservoir\" as the waterbody\'s official name as of 2016. The water from Hinckley Reservoir is used as drinking water for Utica, and also to regulate the water level in the Barge Canal.
### Prospect Gorge {#prospect_gorge}
The entire Prospect Gorge in the town of Trenton is inaccessible to the public. It is privately owned by Brookfield Asset Management, who administer power generation on the creek. Access is restricted due to the dangers presented by water releases from the dam, which occur at irregular intervals and can feature swiftly rising water levels. Prior to the late 1970s, restrictions were not as strictly enforced as they are today, and the water releases in the past were more predictable. The property was previously owned by the Niagara Mohawk Power Co.
### Herkimer
By the time the West Canada reaches the Mohawk River near the Village of Herkimer, it has drained 569 sqmi of watershed.
## Hydrology
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) maintains stream gauges along the West Canada. The gauge, in operation since October 1920, located 2.2 mi north of Herkimer, 4 mi upstream from the mouth. It had a maximum discharge of 25300 cuft per second on June 28, 2013, and a minimum discharge of 20 cuft per second on September 3, 1929. Another station in operation since April 2001, is located 2.6 mi southwest of Wilmurt and 3 mi upstream from Hinckley Reservoir. This station had a maximum discharge of 25500 cuft per second on April 28, 2011, and a minimum discharge of 34 cuft per second on September 14, 2002. There was also formerly a stream gauge by Nobleboro that took irregular measurements from 1945 to 2000
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# Ronald Irish
**Sir Ronald Arthur Irish** (26 March 1913 -- 12 July 1993) attended Fort Street High School in the 1930s. He later became Chairman of Rothmans of Pall Mall (Australia), now British American Tobacco Australia. He is also the author of several books on auditing. He is an Honorary Fellow of the University of Sydney
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# Barbie: Game Girl
***Barbie: Game Girl*** is a 2D platform game released in 1992 for the Game Boy based on the Barbie doll franchise.
## Gameplay
In this platform game, Barbie must find an outfit for her date with Ken. The environment features a shopping mall level, an underwater level, and other worlds to explore. The game is also centered on collecting gems and pearls to fend off opponents.
Enemies in the game include the usual sharks found in underwater levels, in addition to jellyfish. Moving cubes of sugar must also be defeated in the game. The bonus rounds of the game are essentially a Concentration-type game, where matching identical cards lead to extra points for the player.
## Reception
Allgame gave the game a rating of 2.5 out of 5. Power Unlimited gave it a score of 65% in their review, writing: \"Barbie Gamegirl is clearly an effort to get more girls to play games. Unfortunately, the people who made it didn\'t fully understand that girls also just want games that are fun to play. German video game reviewer *Aktueller Software Markt* gave the game a rating of 3 out of 12. A 3.3 out of five review from *Nintendo Power* praised the easy gameplay and called the game perfect for fans of Barbie
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# Burnside A.F.C.
**Burnside A.F.C.** was an association football club based in the suburb of Burnside in Christchurch, New Zealand. They merged with Avon United in 2011 to form FC Twenty 11.
In 2007 it was the largest football club in the South Island.
## Club history {#club_history}
Founded in 1967 as Burndale United (the name being a portmanteau of the suburb names Burnside and Bishopdale), the name was changed first to Burnside United and then simply to Burnside A.F.C. The club\'s colours of claret and blue reflect those of founding secretary Terry McIntyre\'s favourite team, West Ham United.
Burnside A.F.C. originally played home matches at Burnside Park. Sometime before 2000, they began to play at a variety of parks, including Burnside, Jellie Park, Avonhead Park and Ray Blank Park.
In 2004, 2005 and 2006 Burnside were the \'Mainland Premier Qualifying League\' champions.
In 2011 Burnside AFC merged with local rivals Avon United to form FC Twenty 11
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# Bullock cart
A **bullock cart** or **ox cart** (sometimes called a **bullock carriage** when carrying people in particular) is a two-wheeled or four-wheeled vehicle pulled by oxen. It is a means of transportation used since ancient times in many parts of the world. They are still used today where modern vehicles are too expensive or less suitable for the local infrastructure.
Used especially for carrying goods, the bullock cart is pulled by one or several oxen. The cart is attached to an ox team by a special chain attached to yokes, but a rope may also be used for one or two animals. The driver, and any other passengers, sit on the front of the cart, while load (if there is any) is placed in the back. Traditionally, the cargo has been agrarian goods and lumber.
## History
The first indications of the use of a wagon (cart tracks, incisions, model wheels) are dated to around 4400 BC. The oldest wooden wheels usable for transport were found in southern Russia and dated to 3325 ± 125 BC. Evidence of wheeled vehicles appears from the mid-4th millennium BC, between the North Sea and Mesopotamia. The earliest vehicles may have been ox carts.
## Australia
In Australia, bullock carts were referred to as *bullock drays* if they had two wheels, and *bullock wagons,* if they had four wheels, and they were usually used for carrying large loads. There were also four-wheeled vehicles known as *jinkers*, which had no tray and were used to carry large tree logs or other large round objects, such as boilers. They were pulled by bullock teams, which could consist of 20 or more animals. The driver of a bullock team was known as a \'bullocky\'.
Bullock teams were used extensively to transport produce from rural areas to major towns and ports. Because of Australia\'s size, these journeys often covered large distances and could take many days and even weeks.
## Costa Rica {#costa_rica}
In Costa Rica, ox carts (*carretas* in the Spanish language) were an important aspect of daily life and commerce, especially between 1850 and 1935, developing a unique construction and decoration tradition that is still being developed. Costa Rican parades and traditional celebrations often include a traditional ox cart parade.
In 1988, the traditional ox cart was declared as National Symbol of Work by the Costa Rican government.
In 2005, the \"Oxherding and Oxcart Traditions in Costa Rica\" were included in UNESCO\'s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
## Indonesia
In Indonesia, bullock carts are used in the rural parts of the country for transporting goods and people, but horse carts are more common. A bullock cart driver is known as a *bajingan* in Indonesian. In Javanese, the term bajingan holds dual meanings. While commonly used as a colloquial term for a scoundrel or rogue, it also denotes an oxcart coachman.
Historically, oxcarts symbolized prestige, often owned by respected figures within villages. However, with the advent of modern transportation, their practical use has largely diminished. Today, many oxcarts are preserved as collectibles, stored in barns by hobbyists who seek to maintain this traditional heritage.
## Malaysia
Bullock carts were widely used in Malaysia before the introduction of automobiles, and many are still used today. These included passenger vehicles, now used especially for tourists. Passenger carts are usually equipped with awnings for protection against sun and rain, and are often gaily decorated.
## North Korea {#north_korea}
Bullock carts, called *dalguji*, are still extensively used in North Korea because of fuel shortages. It is one of the few countries where it is used for everyday transportation, both in agriculture and in the military.
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# Bullock cart
## Gallery
\<gallery mode=\"packed\" heights=\"150\" px\"=\"\"\> <File:Carreta> (8192107465).jpg\|Gauchos with an ox-drawn cart in Argentina <File:Festa> de São João 2022 (5).jpg\|Cattle-drawn cart in Portugal <File:Mysore> Zoo.37.jpg\|Bullock cart in Mysore Zoo, India <File:Girl> on bullock cart, Umaria district, MP, India.jpg\|A bullock cart in India <File:Costa> Rica - Poás 07b.jpg\|Typical oxcart decoration of Costa Rica <File:Mexican> Carreta, c. 1885.jpg\|Mexican *carreta* in El Paso, Texas, circa 1885. Photo courtesy SMU <File:JidaiMatsuri> Gissya.jpg\|Reproduction Japanese aristocracy\'s bullock cart in Jidai Matsuri <File:Bullock> Cart in Punjab.jpg\|Bullock Cart in Punjab <File:A> bullock cart of 1836 displayed in the backyard.jpg\|A bullock cart of 1836 in California <File:Niger>, Filingué (18), street scene.jpg\|Ox-drawn cart in Filingué, Niger <File:THE> KING OF RIDERS.jpg\|Bullock cart race in Jaffna, Sri Lanka <File:Women> riding on carriage with two bulls (A)
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# Christchurch High School Old Boys
**Christchurch High School Old Boys** is a soccer club in Christchurch, New Zealand.
Though currently operating principally as a masters/grade league club, HSOB has long been prominent in the Canterbury region, and has reached the third round stage of the country\'s premier knockout competition, the Chatham Cup on ten occasions. Their best performance came in the 1988 cup, when they reached the last 32 of the competition.
The club was formed in 1957 by a group of former school players, playing their home games at Burnside Park. They moved to their current home, Edgar MacIntosh Park in the 1960s. At the beginning of that decade, HSOB won promotion to CFA Division 1, at the time, the Canterbury region\'s top league. In 1968, the Southern League was formed, and HSOB was among its founder members
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# Jinrikisha Station
The **Jinrikisha Station** is a historic building in Singapore, and is located in Tanjong Pagar in the Chinatown district within the Singapore\'s central business district.
## History
At one time the Jinrikisha Station was used as a family planning clinic. In 1987 it was one of the first buildings in Tanjong Pagar restored by the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA). It was refurbished into a shopping and recreational centre. There are a seafood restaurant, shops, offices and nightclubs in the present building.
<https://remembersingapore.org/jinrikisha-station/>
## Architecture
Samuel Tomlinson was Municipal Engineer from 1896 to 1902, during which time D.M. Craik was Municipal Architect. The date on the Jinrikisha Station building responds well to the triangular corner site and is typical of many other ornate buildings of the early 1900s.
However, originally, the building had exposed brickwork, now painted, and this must have been somewhat unusual at the time. The Ionic pilasters and curved pediment on the corner and the square tower with its octagonal cupola are pleasing and important elements of Tanjong Pagar Road and surroundings
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# Derrick Frost
**Derrick E. Frost** (born November 25, 1980) is an American former professional football punter. He was signed by the Philadelphia Eagles as an undrafted free agent in 2003. He played college football at Northern Iowa.
Frost was also a member of the Baltimore Ravens, Cleveland Browns, Washington Redskins, Green Bay Packers, and California Redwoods.
## Early life {#early_life}
Frost attended Clayton High School in Clayton, Missouri, and as a student was a letterman in football and baseball. In football, he was an All-Conference selection as a quarterback, linebacker, punter, and kicker.
## College career {#college_career}
Frost attended the University of Northern Iowa and was a good student and a letterman in football and baseball. In football, during his college career, Frost punted 104 times for 4388 yards (42.19 yards per punt avg.).
## Professional career {#professional_career}
### Philadelphia Eagles {#philadelphia_eagles}
On May 2, 2003, he was signed by the Philadelphia Eagles as an undrafted rookie free agent. He was waived on May 13, 2003.
### Baltimore Ravens {#baltimore_ravens}
Frost signed with the Baltimore Ravens on May 27, 2003. He was waived by the Ravens on August 30, 2003.
### Cleveland Browns {#cleveland_browns}
Frost was signed to the practice squad of the Cleveland Browns on December 9, 2003. He was promoted to the active roster on December 12, 2003. He played in all 16 games for the Browns during the 2004 season. Frost re-signed with the Browns on March 28, 2005. He was waived on August 29, 2005.
### Washington Redskins {#washington_redskins}
Frost signed with the Washington Redskins on September 26, 2005. In the 2006 season he had success with nine 40+ punts. Also he had a couple of 50 plus punts for the Redskins of late after Week 12 in the league.
During the 2007 preseason game against the Tennessee Titans, Frost raced out after a punt to level the Titan\'s punt returner causing a forced fumble.
In 2008, he battled rookie Durant Brooks for the punting job. He was cut on August 30 during final cuts;
### Green Bay Packers {#green_bay_packers}
Two days after being released by the Redskins, Frost was signed by the Green Bay Packers, who previously cut Jon Ryan. Frost was released by the Packers on December 1, 2008. Head coach Mike McCarthy stated that Frost performed well in practices, but did not do well during the games.
### California Redwoods {#california_redwoods}
Frost was signed by the California Redwoods of the United Football League on September 2, 2009. He was released on October 25, 2009.
## NFL career statistics {#nfl_career_statistics}
Legend
----------
**Bold**
### Regular season {#regular_season}
Year Team Punting
-------- ------- ---------
Punts
2004 CLE **16**
2005 WAS 14
2006 WAS **16**
2007 WAS **16**
2008 GNB 12
Career 74
### Playoffs
Year Team Punting
-------- ------- ---------
Punts
2005 WAS **2**
2007 WAS 1
Career 3
## Post football {#post_football}
Frost is president of Profusion Financial and is a member of the board of directors of the NFLPA
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# Carl Fick
**Carl Metcalfe Fick** (September 23, 1918 -- February 23, 1990) was an American documentary film director and author. He was best known for the Cannes award-winning short docudrama *A Day in the Death of Donny B* (1969), as well as his novels *The Danziger Transcript* (1971) and *A Disturbance in Paris* (1982). He also co-authored and ghost wrote *From Mexico with Death* (1977) with Jose Luis Guzman.
## Early life {#early_life}
Fick was born in Evanston, Illinois, in September 1918.
He attended Cornell University, graduating in 1940 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. While an undergraduate, he wrote a weekly column for *The Trumansburg Leader* newspaper.
In 1941, he married Shirley Stevens Stuart in Bronxville, New York.
After graduating, he went to work for *Collier\'s* magazine as a staff writer. His career was interrupted when the United States entered World War II, and Fick went to serve in England with the U.S. Army Air Forces.
## Career as a filmmaker {#career_as_a_filmmaker}
After the war ended, Fick returned to the States and became involved in filmmaking, in addition to continuing to write for magazines. He wrote scripts for several television and film productions, including a conversion of the Whit Masterson novel, *A Shadow in the Wild*. He produced and directed several documentary short films, including the anti-drug docudrama *A Day in the Death of Donny B* in 1969, which won several awards.
## Career as an author {#career_as_an_author}
Fick went on to write a novel, *The Danziger Transcript*, first published in 1971. It was a commercial successful and later turned into a two-act play by Robert Bressard.
His last novel was *A Disturbance in Paris* in 1982, which was met with mixed reviews from critics. Both *The Danziger Transcript* and *A Disturbance in Paris* include storylines and central characters which reflected Fick\'s long career in journalism and writing.
## Later life and death {#later_life_and_death}
Fick died in New York City, New York in February 1990 at the age of 71. He was survived by his wife Shirley, who died in Dexter, Maine, in August 1998 at the age of 79
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# Rangers A.F.C.
**Rangers AFC** was one of the oldest football teams in New Zealand and was located in Christchurch, New Zealand. In 2007 they merged with New Brighton to form Coastal Spirit
## History
Rangers AFC was founded in 1910 by a group of dedicated players who were denied the opportunity to play on Saturday owing to the nature of their employment. All were employed in the retail trade, which in 1910 opened all day Saturday for business and closed on a Thursday afternoon and games were arranged against teams which could play them that particular day.
The club was officially constituted under the Canterbury Football Association in 1913 when the half-day closing on Saturday was adopted for all retail merchants.
The years 1916 to 1923 were very strong ones for the club. They won their first championship in 1916, the English Cup in 1917 and 1918, the English Cup again in 1921. The Hurley Shield in 1922, the English Cup in 1923.
The highlight of the club\'s administration came in 1962, when they purchased the 5 acre of land in McGregors Road, which was named Rangers Park (now Eric Adam Park).
The first year of the Southern League in 1968 saw the appointment of Terry Haydon as the club\'s first professional coach, and he soon produced a team that was rated second in the top ten in NZ and narrowly lost the first Southern League competition on goal average. During this period of the late 60\'s Rangers played a part in the formation of Christchurch United AFC for the proposed forthcoming National League to start in 1970. Rangers provided a quarter of the A class shares in Christchurch United and also several prominent players, including Terry Haydon and Victor Pollard, who were both selected for New Zealand teams while playing for Rangers. Rangers still hold twenty five percent of the A class shares but do not exercise their right to have a director on United\'s board.
Determined to make National League status on their own, and in their own way, Rangers concentrated again on overcoming the loss of their best players to United and after a slow start, the 70\'s were the most successful period in the club\'s history up to that time, culminating in a place in the National League for 1980. The team won the Southern League in 1973, the Northern Division in 1974, the full Southern League again in 1975, runners up in 1976, third in 1977, runners up in 1978 and won it in 1979. In the years 1973 and 1975 they took part in the play-offs for a place in the National League but were unsuccessful.
Rangers eventually won automatic promotion to National League for the 1980 season and finished ninth in the League. At the end of 1981 Rangers were relegated. In 1984 they were second in the Southern League and challenged unsuccessfully for a National League place in the play-off series. As winners of the Southern League in 1985 they again challenged unsuccessfully for a place in the National League. With the introduction of the Winfield Superclub competition in 1993 came an influx of ex Christchurch United players. They finished runners-up in the Southern section and qualified for the national top eight competition and also the Chatham Cup Final, going down 6--0 to Napier City Rovers.
In 2007 they merged with New Brighton to form Coastal Spirit.
## Colours and badge {#colours_and_badge}
Rangers AFC\'s colours were white shirts, black shorts and black socks. The colours were based on Derby County Colours, and were finalised in the early 1970s by the club secretary Bert Koppes. The change colours were all sky blue. The club\'s \'stylised lion\' crest was designed in 1972 by Yaap Koster. It is based on the lion found on the crest of the famous Scottish club, Rangers FC, and chosen because of the similarity in club names.
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# Rangers A.F.C.
## Stadium
Rangers AFC used to play their home matches on Eric Adam Park (formerly known as Rangers Park) in Christchurch. Their secondary ground was Cuthberts Green
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# Sunyer II, Count of Empúries
**Sunyer II** (c. 840--915) was the count of Empúries from 862 and Roussillon from 896 until his death. He was the son of Sunyer I of Empúries.
He and his brother Dela obtained the county of Empúries in 862 after Humfrid, margrave of Gothia, rebelled. They governed it together until Dela\'s death. In 878, the council of Troyes deposed Bernat of Gothia, who had held Roussillon since 865. It was given to Miro the Elder and, in 896, when Miro died, it passed by heredity to Sunifred. Together with Dela, he tried to occupy Girona, but their cousin, Wilfred the Hairy, stopped them. In 888, he travelled to Orléans to do homage to King Odo of France. In 891, he prepared a naval expedition to attack Moorish Almería. The campaign, however, ended in a truce.
He married a woman named Ermengarda, with whom he had the following issue:
- Bencion (d. 916), successor
- Gausbert (d. 931), successor of his brother
- Elmerat (d. 920), bishop of Elna
- Guadal (d
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# Chapter III Court
In Australian constitutional law, **chapter III courts** are courts of law which are a part of the Australian federal judiciary and thus are able to discharge Commonwealth judicial power. They are so named because the prescribed features of these courts are contained in chapter III of the Australian Constitution.
## Separation of powers in Australia {#separation_of_powers_in_australia}
The doctrine of separation of powers refers to a system of government whereby three aspects of government power`{{mdash}}`{=mediawiki}legislative power, executive power, and judicial power`{{mdash}}`{=mediawiki}are vested in separate institutions. This doctrine holds that abuse of power can be avoided by each arm of government acting as a check on another. In Australia, this separation is implied in the structure of the Constitution. Chapter I outlines legislative power`{{mdash}}`{=mediawiki}the making, altering or repealing of laws; chapter II outlines executive power`{{mdash}}`{=mediawiki}the general and detailed carrying on of governmental functions; chapter III outlines judicial power`{{mdash}}`{=mediawiki}the interpretation of law, and adjudication according to law.
## What constitutes a chapter III Court {#what_constitutes_a_chapter_iii_court}
Federal courts must have those features contained in chapter III of the Constitution of Australia.
These features serve two purposes: firstly, they prescribe the features of any court created by the federal government; and secondly, they serve as criteria when deciding whether a body qualifies as a chapter III Court.
The main feature of a chapter III Court is security of tenure. Under section 72 of the Constitution, justices of federal courts are to be appointed by the Governor-General in Council; have a term of office lasting until they are 70 years of age (unless Parliament legislates to reduce this maximum age before their appointment); and receive a remuneration which must not diminish during their term in office.
Chapter III judges cannot be removed except upon an address from both houses of the Parliament of Australia in the same session, \"praying for such removal on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity\". Thus, a judge cannot be removed except in the most extraordinary of circumstances. The only instance where the situation has even been close to arising was during the tenure of Justice Murphy of the High Court. However, he died in 1986 before procedures to remove him could begin.
## What constitutes judicial power {#what_constitutes_judicial_power}
Judicial power is not defined in the Australian Constitution. Instead, it must be determined by reference to seven indicia, viz:
1. binding and conclusive decisions
2. enforceability
3. decisions made about existing rights or duties
4. discretion limited to situations with legally ascertainable tests
5. need for a controversy
6. opinion of the drafters of the Constitution
7. nature of the body on which power is conferred
## Chapter III Courts as principal repositories of Commonwealth judicial power {#chapter_iii_courts_as_principal_repositories_of_commonwealth_judicial_power}
The judicial power of the Commonwealth can be exercised only by a chapter III Court or by a state court in which Commonwealth judicial power has been vested under s 77(iii) of the Constitution (although the reverse is not possible). In *New South Wales v Commonwealth* (1915) (*The Wheat Case*), the High Court held that judicial power is vested in a court as described under chapter III, and no other body can exercise judicial power. In that case, it was held that the Inter-State Commission could not exercise judicial power despite the words of the Constitution, because it appeared in chapter IV of the Constitution, and not chapter III. More importantly, the commission was set up by the executive and violated the conditions for being a chapter III court.
There are some exceptions to the rule. Firstly, judicial power may be given to a non-judicial agent provided the judges still bear the major responsibility for exercise of the power and the exercise of power is subject to court review.
Secondly, there are four discrete exceptions:
1. contempt of Parliament
2. courts-martial
3. public service tribunals
4. detention
- of non-citizens
- of the mentally ill or those with infectious diseases
- by police for a limited period of time
- for the welfare/protection of a person
## Chapter III courts wielding non-judicial power {#chapter_iii_courts_wielding_non_judicial_power}
A chapter III court cannot discharge powers other than judicial power, except where the function is ancillary to the purpose of the judicial function. In the *Boilermakers\' Case*, the High Court held that a court that discharges both arbitration and judicial powers was invalid. The majority justices held that the maintenance of the constitutional system of government required a rigid adherence to separation of powers.
The only exception to this rule is the discharge of functions ancillary to the exercise of judicial power. Section 51 (xxxix) of the Constitution allows the Parliament to vest in chapter III courts any power incidental to its exercise of judicial power. This exception has in subsequent cases been used to allow courts to be vested with wide-ranging powers. Thus, in *R v Joske; Ex parte Australian Building Construction Employees and Builders\' Labourers\' Federation*, powers such as reorganising unions and invalidating union rules were allowed to be exercised by a chapter III court.
However, the exclusion of non-judicial power from a chapter III court does not preclude individual justices from performing non-judicial functions, provided that they do so in their personal capacity; that is, they act as \"*persona designata*\".
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# Chapter III Court
## Appeals to the Privy Council {#appeals_to_the_privy_council}
The issue of appeals from the High Court to the United Kingdom\'s Judicial Committee of the Privy Council was a significant one during the drafting of the Constitution and it continued to be significant in the years after the court\'s creation. The wording of section 74 of the Constitution that was put to voters in the various colonies was that there was to be no appeal to the Privy Council in any matter involving the interpretation of the Constitution or of the constitution of a state, unless it involved the interests of some other dominion. However, the British insisted on a compromise. Section 74 as ultimately enacted by the Imperial Parliament was as follows:
> No appeal shall be permitted to the Queen in Council in any matter involving the interpretation of this Constitution or of the Constitution of a State **from a decision of the High Court upon any question, howsoever arising, as to the limits inter se of the Constitutional powers of the Commonwealth and those of any State or States, or as to the limits inter se of the Constitutional powers of any two or more States,** unless the public interests of some part of Her Majesty\'s Dominions, other than the Commonwealth or a State, are involved. **the High Court shall certify that the question is one which ought to be determined by Her Majesty in Council.**
>
> **The High Court may so certify if satisfied that for any special reason the certificate should be granted, and thereupon an appeal shall lie to Her Majesty in Council on the question without further leave.**
>
> Except as provided in this section, this Constitution shall not impair any right which the Queen may be pleased to exercise, by virtue of Her Royal Prerogative, to grant special leave of appeal from the High Court to Her Majesty in Council. But The Parliament may make laws limiting the matters in which such leave may be asked**, but proposed laws containing any such limitation shall be reserved by the Governor-General for Her Majesty's pleasure.**
Section 74 did provide that the parliament could make laws to prevent appeals to the Privy Council and it did so, beginning in 1968, with the *Privy Council (Limitation of Appeals) Act 1968*, which closed off all appeals to the Privy Council in matters involving federal legislation. In 1975, the *Privy Council (Appeals from the High Court) Act 1975* was passed, which had the effect of closing all routes of appeal from the High Court. Appeals from the High Court to the Privy Council are now only theoretically possible in *inter se* matters if the High Court grants a certificate of appeal under section 74 of the Constitution. In 1985, the High Court unanimously observed that the power to grant such a certificate \"has long since been spent\" and is \"obsolete\". In 1986, with the passing of the Australia Act by both the UK Parliament and the Commonwealth Parliament (with the request and consent of the Australian states, in accordance with Section 51(xxxviii)), appeals to the Privy Council from state supreme courts were closed off, leaving the High Court as the only avenue of appeal
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# William E. Andrews
**William Ezekiel Andrews** (December 17, 1854 -- January 19, 1942) was an American politician who was a United States Representative from Nebraska from 1895 to 1897.
## Biography
Andrews was born near Oskaloosa, Iowa, on December 17, 1854. He became an orphan early in life. He worked as a farm hand to get by and attended the country schools in winter. He graduated from Simpson College in 1874 and from Parsons College in 1875.
## Career
Andrews was elected superintendent of schools of Ringgold County, Iowa, in 1879. He became part of the faculty at Hastings College in Nebraska on January 1, 1885, and taught to January 1, 1893. He then was elected vice president of Hastings College in 1889 and president of the Nebraska State Teachers' Association in 1890.
After an unsuccessful run for the Fifty-third Congress in 1892, Andrews served as a private secretary to the Governor of Nebraska, Lorenzo Crounse in 1893 and 1894. Running against William A. McKeighan, he was successful in being elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth Congress and served from March 4, 1895, to March 3, 1897. He ran for reelection in 1896 and lost to Roderick Dhu Sutherland.
Andrews was an auditor for the U.S. Treasury Department from 1897 to 1915 in Washington D.C. He ran again for the 5th district seat and won, being elected to the 66th and 67th congresses and serving from March 4, 1919, to March 3, 1923. During his time in the 67th Congress, he was the chair of the U.S. House Committee on the Election of the President, Vice President and Representatives in Congress. He was unsuccessful in running against former Nebraska governor Ashton C. Shallenberger in 1922.
## Death
Having lived out the rest of his life in Washington, D.C., Andrews died on January 19, 1942
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# Glen Eyrie
**Glen Eyrie** is an English Tudor-style castle built in 1871 by General William Jackson Palmer, the founder of Colorado Springs. The castle is owned today by The Navigators, a worldwide Christian organization. It is open for public tours and events and can be rented for private programs.
## History
Founded in 1871, Glen Eyrie was the home of William Jackson Palmer. Palmer was a Brigadier General in the Union Army during the American Civil War, president of the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad, and founder of Colorado Springs. Palmer and his wife Mary "Queen" Mellen made Glen Eyrie their home. They had three daughters, Elsie, Dorothy, and Marjorie.
General Palmer died in 1909, and the Palmer sisters left the estate untouched for several years before finally selling it. The estate changed hands several times. In 1938 the property was purchased by an oil baron from Texas, George Strake.
The Strake family turned Glen Eyrie into their summer home, repairing and building up the property. However, the flood of 1949 wreaked havoc on the land, and with their children now grown, they determined to put Glen Eyrie back on the market.
Glen Eyrie was purchased as the headquarters of The Navigators in 1953, following a campaign to raise the down payment of \$100,000 in only six weeks.
The castle has several features that were advanced for its time, including a primitive intercom system and a two chimney system operated by a lever that would direct the smoke depending on what direction the wind was blowing to take the smoke out of the valley. In case of fires there were also fire hose stations placed throughout the castle. There are 24 fireplaces.
Glen Eyrie is on the National Register of Historic Places.
## Today
Today the Navigators maintain Glen Eyrie as their headquarters. The Castle is available for tours, events, and overnight stays, with guest rooms, meeting rooms and dining rooms and six lodges on the property available for overnight stays.
The Castle has an afternoon tea service in the Music Room, as well as an annual Christmas Madrigal Banquet in the Great Hall. Common wildlife sightings include the largest bighorn sheep herd in the state of Colorado, wild turkeys, deer, and a variety of birds of prey. The name "Eyrie" means "eagle's nest
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# Fionnuala Sherry
**Fionnuala Sherry** (born 20 September 1962) is an Irish violinist and vocalist.
Together with Norwegian musician Rolf Løvland, she makes up the Celtic-Nordic group Secret Garden, which won the Eurovision Song Contest 1995 with the predominantly instrumental piece \"Nocturne\". As part of Secret Garden she has released several successful albums that have made the top 10 of Billboard\'s new-age charts. In 2010 she released her solo album *Songs from Before*.
## Background
Sherry\'s violin playing started at the age of eight. She graduated with honours from the College of Music of Trinity College, Dublin having moved to Dublin at the age of fifteen in order to continue her musical education. Her professional career started with a ten-year stint as a member of the RTÉ Concert Orchestra.
Sherry has collaborated with a wide range of musicians, including The Chieftains, Sinéad O\'Connor, Van Morrison, Chris de Burgh, Bono, Wet Wet Wet, and Westlife. She has also recorded several Hollywood film scores with the Irish Film Orchestra, including *A Room with a View*, and *The Mask*.
Her instrument of choice, for both live and studio work, is an English John Edward Betts violin from 1790, with a Hill bow.
## Other media {#other_media}
Sherry has written and presented a musical children\'s television show on Irish national television, based on a concept she invented herself. In 2010 she released a solo album *Songs from Before* in Ireland. The album was released in 2011 in the United States and Canada by Hearts of Space Records.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
She married Bernard Doyle, a businessman, in 2010.
## Health struggles {#health_struggles}
Sherry broke both her arms after tripping while walking in Dublin in February 2015. She said it may have serious implications for her musical career, but expressed confidence that she would return to full fitness.
After more than one operation, Sherry was able to begin scheduling concerts at the end of 2015, and commence touring again in 2016. Her experience with this serious injury has caused her to struggle subsequently with stage fright.
In early 2019 Sherry was diagnosed with breast cancer following a routine screening, leading to the cancellation of a worldwide tour. An aggressive tumour was removed in the course of two surgeries, followed by radiation treatment, and a year of the drug Herceptin
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# Anton Volchenkov
**Anton Alexeyevich Volchenkov** (*Анто́н Алексе́евич Волченко́в*; born 25 February 1982) is a Russian professional ice hockey defenceman who is currently an unrestricted free agent. He most recently played for Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Volchenkov grew up in Moscow and began attending the CSKA hockey school at the age of six. Around time when he was in fourth grade, his family moved to Kyiv, Ukraine and he began attending the Sokil Kyiv hockey school, as his uncle became the director of that school. After a year in Kyiv, Volchenkov returned to the CSKA program in Moscow.
Volchenkov was drafted by the Ottawa Senators in the first round as the 21st overall selection in the 2000 NHL Entry Draft. In the 2002--03 NHL season, he came to North America and played the entire season with the Senators. He is known for his fearless attitude towards other players and the puck, and is generally considered to be amongst the toughest players in the league. In a game against the Boston Bruins, on 8 December 2003, he suffered a shoulder injury and took the majority of the 2003--04 season to recover.
In his early days playing in Europe, he played goaltender. However, his coach instructed him to play defence, which may help explain why he led the NHL in blocked shots in 2006--07 by a large margin. He is consistently amongst the top shot blockers and hitters. Volchenkov was voted as the fifth-best defensive defenceman by *The Hockey News* in June 2007. With the defensive help of Volchenkov and Phillips, the Senators made their 2007 Stanley Cup run to the finals, where they were defeated by the Anaheim Ducks in another five-game series. Volchenkov also led the league in shots blocked during the 2007 playoffs.
After his first stint in Ottawa, he became a regular in the Senators\' starting line-up. As a stay-at-home defenceman, he is known primarily for his blocked shots and massive hits. He was considered to be among Ottawa\'s top two defenders, along with Chris Phillips. On 9 April 2007, Volchenkov announced he would be staying with the Senators, signing a three-year deal. Ottawa\'s General Manager John Muckler said, \"Anton has been one of our top defencemen all season.\"
In a regular season game against the Nashville Predators, on 29 November 2007, he suffered a broken finger in an attempt to block a shot. He would come back after missing 15 games. In the 2008 playoffs against the Pittsburgh Penguins, Volchenkov fell in front of the net and was struck in the face by a puck, suffering a laceration. He returned the following game, and finished the series with one assist, one penalty, and one shot in four games.
On 1 July 2010, Volchenkov signed a six-year, \$25.5 million contract with the New Jersey Devils.
After four seasons played into his six-year contract, the Devils placed Volchenkov on unconditional waivers for purpose of a buyout, on 30 June 2014. As a free agent on 7 July 2014, he was signed to a one-year \$1 million contract by the Nashville Predators.
## International play {#international_play}
In the early days of his hockey career, he captained the 2001 Russian World Junior Hockey team to a championship in which he scored the winning goal against Team Canada, catching the attention of many pro scouts. Throughout 2001-2003, he was mentored by James \"JP\" Kunda.
Volchenkov has also played for team Russia in the 2006 Winter Olympics, the 2010 Winter Olympics, and in the 2009 IIHF World Championship.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
After playing as a goaltender when he began playing hockey as a child, Volchenkov was switched to defence by his coach. He has been among the NHL league leaders in blocked shots since the 2005--06 season. Volchenkov\'s father Alexei was a defenceman on the Red Army hockey team during the 1975 Super Series.
Volchenkov has two sons and a daughter, The firstborn Anton Jr. was born on 5 October 2003, and on 20 February 2011, he welcomed twins, a boy and a girl named Milan & Milena.
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# Anton Volchenkov
## Career statistics {#career_statistics}
### Regular season and playoffs {#regular_season_and_playoffs}
Regular season
------------ -------------------------- -------- ----- ----------------
Season Team League GP G
1999--2000 CSKA Moscow RUS.2 31 2
1999--2000 CSKA--2 Moscow RUS.3 6 0
2000--01 Krylia Sovetov Moscow RUS.2 34 3
2001--02 Krylia Sovetov Moscow RSL 47 4
2001--02 Krylia Sovetov--2 Moscow RUS
| 56 |
Anton Volchenkov
| 1 |
3,726,319 |
# Dressy Bessy (album)
***Dressy Bessy*** is the third studio album by Dressy Bessy. It was released on August 26, 2003 (see 2003 in music). The CD came with a bonus DVD that included music videos and live footage of the band.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
All songs written by Tammy Ealom
1. \"Just Once More\"
2. \"The Things That You Say That You Do\"
3. \"Baby Six String\"
4. \"This May Hurt (A Little)\"
5. \"Georgie Blue\"
6. \"Girl, You Shout!\"
7. \"Hey May\"
8. \"New Song (From Me to You)\"
9. \"Better Luck\"
10. \"Blink Twice\"
11
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| 0 |
3,726,328 |
# North Carolina State Ports Authority
The **North Carolina State Ports Authority** (**SPA**) is an authority set up by the state of North Carolina to develop and operate seaports in Wilmington and Morehead City as well as an inland port located in Charlotte.
## History
In 1923 North Carolina Governor Cameron Morrison became interested in establishing official port facilities for the state and pushed for the creation of the State Ship and Water Transportation Commission to study the matter. The body produced a report which recommended that the state government fund the development of port facilities. The following year it was replaced by the Ports Commission, which was supposed to oversee the work. A statewide bond referendum for \$8.7 million to develop the facilities failed to pass in November 1924, and the commission disbanded. Despite this, the coastal cities of Wilmington and Morehead City pursued their efforts to improve port facilities, and the North Carolina General Assembly incorporated the Morehead City Port Commission in 1933 and the Wilmington Port Commission in 1935.
The General Assembly established the North Carolina State Ports Authority in 1945 to develop and improve harbors at Wilmington, Morehead City, Southport, and other coastal areas. Improvements began in 1949, and new piers and storage areas were completed in 1952. In January 1894 the authority opened an intermodal transit terminal in Charlotte, whereby containerized goods delivered on trucks could be consolidated as rail freight and shipped to Wilmington. In the 1990s and early 2000s, the authority oversaw a \$440 million project to deepen the Cape Fear River shipping channel and purchased Radio Island in Morehead City.
## Facilities
### Port of Wilmington {#port_of_wilmington}
The Port of Wilmington offers terminal facilities serving container, bulk, breakbulk, and ro-ro (roll-on/roll-off) operations. It offers a deep 42-foot navigational channel, nine berths, four post-Panamax, and three neo-Panamax container cranes. Modern transit and warehouse facilities and the latest cargo management technology produce a broad platform for supporting international trade.
### Port of Morehead City {#port_of_morehead_city}
The Port of Morehead City is a breakbulk and bulk facility located four miles from the Atlantic Ocean. The port is equipped with nine berths and multiple gantry cranes. Storage offerings include a dry-bulk facility with a 220,000-ton capacity warehouse and a 177,000-square-foot warehouse for housing commodities like rubber, paper, steel, and lumber. Altogether there are more than one million square feet of storage.
### Charlotte Inland Port {#charlotte_inland_port}
The Charlotte inland port is a 20-acre dry port site located along the CSX rail lines near the intersection of NC 16 and I-85. It serves as a distribution point for intermodal containers connecting the I-85 and I-77 corridors to the CSX rail line and the Port of Wilmington.
## Governance
An 11-member of Board of Directors governs the North Carolina State Ports Authority. Of the Board, six members are appointed by the Governor, the North Carolina General Assembly appoints four, and the North Carolina Secretary of Transportation fills the last position. North Carolina Ports is a corporate body receiving no direct taxpayer subsidy.
### Leadership
- Brian E
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# Khuzestani Arabic
**Khuzestani Arabic** is a dialect of South Mesopotamian Arabic (SMA or \"*Gələt* Arabic\") spoken by the Iranian Arabs in Khuzestan Province of Iran. While it is a variety of SMA, it has many similarities with Gulf Arabic in neighbouring Kuwait. It has subsequently had a long history of contact with the Persian language, leading to several changes. The main changes are in word order, noun--noun and noun--adjective attribution constructions, definiteness marking, complement clauses, and discourse markers and connectors.
Khuzestani Arabic is only used in informal situations. It is not taught in school even as an optional course, although Modern Standard Arabic is taught at a basic level for religious purposes. Almost all Khuzestani Arabic speakers are bilingual in Iranian Persian, which is the official language of Iran. Khuzestani Arabic speakers are shifting to Persian; if the existing shift continues into the next generations, according to Bahrani & Gavami in *Journal of the International Phonetic Association*, the dialect will be nearly extinct shortly.
It is not clear how many speakers of Khuzestani Arabic there are. `{{quote|The province of Khuzestan has about 4.5 million inhabitants. [...] Although no official numbers exist, it has been estimated that around 2 to 3 million people of the inhabitants of Khuzestan are Arabs (Matras and Shabibi 2007: 137; Gazsi 2011: 1020). Yet it is hard to determine what percentage of this population uses Arabic actively. Estimates in the 1960s of the Arabic-speaking population in Iran ranged from 200,000 to 650,000 (Oberling 1986: 216). Today, the usage and cross-generational transfer of Arabic have lowered in recent decades, especially among the wealthier social classes and in multilingual cities and neighbourhoods. In rural areas and neighborhoods (e.g. Shadegan and Hoveyzeh), where the majority of the residents are Arabs, this tendency is not felt.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Leitner |first1=Bettina |title=Grammar of Khuzestani Arabic: A Spoken Variety of South-West Iran |date=2022 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-51024-1 |pages=4–5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2-B9EAAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki}
## Distribution
Khuzestani Arabic is spoken in Ahvaz, Hoveyzeh, Bostan, Susangerd, Shush, Abadan, Khorramshahr, Shadegan, Hamidiyeh, Karun, and Bawi.
## Contact and lexis {#contact_and_lexis}
Khuzestani Arabic is in contact with Bakhtiari Lurish, Persian, and other varieties of SMA. Although the lexis of the dialect is primarily composed of Arabic words, it also has Persian, English, French and Turkish loanwords. In the northern and eastern cities of Khuzestan, Luri is spoken in addition to Persian, and the Arabic of the Kamari Arabs of this region is \"remarkably influenced\" by Luri. In cities in Khuzestan such as Abadan, some of the new generations, especially women, often mainly speak Persian. Some Khuzestani Arabic speakers furthermore only converse in Persian at home with their children.
## Phonology
### Vowels
### Consonants
Even in the most formal of conventions, pronunciation depends upon a speaker\'s background. Nevertheless, the number and phonetic character of most of the 28 consonants has a broad degree of regularity among Arabic-speaking regions. Arabic is particularly rich in uvular, pharyngeal, and pharyngealized (\"emphatic\") sounds. The emphatic coronals (`{{IPA|/sˤ/}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{IPA|/dˤ/}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{IPA|/tˤ/}}`{=mediawiki}, and `{{IPA|/ðˤ/}}`{=mediawiki}) cause assimilation of emphasis to adjacent non-emphatic coronal consonants. The phonemes `{{IPA|/p/}}`{=mediawiki} ⟨پ⟩ and `{{IPA|/v/}}`{=mediawiki} ⟨ڤ⟩ (not used by all speakers) are only occasionally considered to be part of the phonemic inventory; they exist only in foreign words and they can be pronounced as `{{IPA|/b/}}`{=mediawiki} ⟨ب⟩ and `{{IPA|/f/}}`{=mediawiki} ⟨ف⟩, respectively, depending on the speaker.
Labial Dental Denti-alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular
------------- ----------------------------------- -------------------------------- -------- ---------------- -------------------------------- --------- --------------------------------- --------
plain emphatic`{{ref|1|1}}`{=mediawiki}
Nasal
Stop voiceless (`{{IPA link|p}}`{=mediawiki})
voiced
Fricative voiceless \~ `{{IPA link|χ}}`{=mediawiki}
voiced (`{{IPA link|v}}`{=mediawiki}) \~ `{{IPA link|ʁ}}`{=mediawiki}
Affricate voiceless
voiced
Tap
Approximant (`{{IPA link|ɫ}}`{=mediawiki})
: Khuzestani Arabic consonant phonemes
Phonetic notes:
- and `{{IPAslink|v}}`{=mediawiki} occur mostly in borrowings from Persian, and may be assimilated to `{{IPA|/b/}}`{=mediawiki} or `{{IPA|/f/}}`{=mediawiki} in some speakers.
- is pronunciation of /`{{IPA|q}}`{=mediawiki}/ in Khuzestani Arabic and the rest of southern Mesopotamian dialects.
- The gemination of the flap /ɾ/ results in a trill \[r\]
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# Patrick William Riordan
**Patrick William Riordan** (August 27, 1841 -- December 27, 1914) was a Canadian-born American prelate of the Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of San Francisco from 1884 until his death in 1914. He served during the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, and he was a prominent figure in the first case submitted to the Permanent Court of Arbitration.
## Early life {#early_life}
Patrick Riordan was born on August 27, 1841, in Chatham, New Brunswick, to Matthew and Mary (née Dunne) Riordan. His parents were both natives of Ireland, his father from Kinsale, County Cork, and his mother from Stradbally, County Laois. Soon after the birth of his sister Catherine in 1844, his parents returned to Ireland with their children and there his brother Dennis was born in 1846. However, the family was soon compelled to flee Ireland due to the Great Famine. After a brief return to New Brunswick, they settled in Chicago, Illinois, in 1848.
As a boy in Chicago, Riordan established a lifelong friendship with John Ireland, the future Archbishop of Saint Paul. The Riordan family were parishioners at St. Patrick\'s Church in Chicago. Patrick\'s uncle, Rev. Dennis Dunne, served as pastor there as well as vicar general of the Archdiocese of Chicago.
## Education
Riordan received his early education at the University of Saint Mary of the Lake, which functioned as a parochial school as well as a seminary at the time. In 1856, he enrolled at the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana, where he remained for two years. While at Notre Dame, Riordan decided to become a priest.
In 1858, the Archdiocese of Chicago sent Riordan to Rome to study at the Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide. In December 1859, the Pontifical North American College opened in Rome. The bishops in the United States established the college to serve as a residence for American seminarians studying at the pontifical universities in that city. Riordan was one of the first twelve students to enter the college. That group included the future prelates Michael Corrigan and Robert Seton, along with the author Reuben Parsons. Edward McGlynn, later a social reformer, served as their prefect.
In August 1860, after contracting malaria, Riordan was forced to withdraw from the college. The archdiocese then sent him to recover and continue his studies at the colonial seminary in Paris, operated by the Holy Ghost Fathers. After finishing his studies of philosophy in Paris in 1861, Riordan enrolled at the American College of Louvain in Belgium to complete his theological studies. His brother Dennis later studied at Louvain and become a priest in 1869.
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# Patrick William Riordan
## Priesthood
While in Belgium, Riordan was ordained a priest for the Archdiocese of Chicago on June 10, 1865, by Cardinal Engelbert Sterckx. He received a licentiate in theology from Louvain in 1866. On his return to Chicago the same year, he was appointed to the faculty of the seminary department at the University of St. Mary of the Lake, first as professor of canon law and Church history before filling the chair of dogmatic theology. In 1867, he baptized his newborn cousin, Finley Peter Dunne, who would become a well-known humorist and journalist; Dunne later remarked, \"\[Riordan\] is a creditable member of the family. We need a few archbishops to keep up the average now that the Bill has come in.\"
When the university was closed in 1868, Riordan was assigned to pastoral work, serving at St. Patrick\'s Church in Woodstock and later at St. Mary\'s Church in Joliet. Meanwhile, the mental health of Chicago\'s Bishop James Duggan had begun to deteriorate and Rev. Dennis Dunne, Riordan\'s uncle, informed Rome of Duggan\'s instability. In retaliation, the bishop suspended Dunne from his duties as the diocese\'s vicar general and pastor of St. Patrick\'s Church. Following Dunne\'s death in December 1868, Duggan\'s refusal to attend the funeral drew sharp criticism from Catholics across the city and he appointed Riordan as pastor of St. Patrick\'s \"in order to make some reparation.\" However, only four days later, the bishop rescinded Riordan\'s appointment after receiving reports that the priest \"had spoken badly of him.\"
Duggan was placed in a mental institution in 1869 and Bishop Thomas Foley was given charge of diocesan affairs. Riordan\'s brother Dennis would serve as Foley\'s secretary and chancellor of the diocese (1873--1881). In June 1871, Foley named Patrick as pastor of St. James Church in Chicago. Four months into his tenure, the Great Chicago Fire devastated the city but missed St. James. Bishop Foley sent Riordan and another Chicago priest, Rev. John McMullen, to travel across the United States and Canada to collect funds for the city\'s restoration. This would unwittingly prepare Riordan for dealing with another disaster 35 years later in San Francisco.
As pastor of St. James, Riordan erected a new church building on Wabash Avenue to accommodate his growing congregation, laying the cornerstone in 1876 and dedicating the building in 1880. His cousin, Rev. Patrick W. Dunne, later served as pastor of St. James (1911--1927) after beginning his priestly ministry at St. Mary\'s Church in Joliet, where Riordan had also served. Riordan\'s construction of the new church caught the attention of several bishops, and in 1882 his name was included on a list of three candidates for Bishop of Charleston, South Carolina, being the preferred choice of Archbishop James Gibbons of Baltimore. Although the Charleston appointment ultimately went to Henry P. Northrop, Riordan would receive his own appointment as a bishop the following year.
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# Patrick William Riordan
## Coadjutor Archbishop and Archbishop of San Francisco {#coadjutor_archbishop_and_archbishop_of_san_francisco}
### Coadjutor Archbishop {#coadjutor_archbishop}
On July 17, 1883, Pope Leo XIII appointed Riordan to be coadjutor archbishop with the right of succession to Joseph Sadoc Alemany, the Archbishop of San Francisco, California. He was also given the honorary title of titular archbishop of *Cabasa*. He received his episcopal consecration on September 16, 1883, from Archbishop Patrick Feehan, with Bishops William George McCloskey and Silas Chatard serving as co-consecrators, at St. James in Chicago.
Riordan arrived in San Francisco in November 1883 and began to relieve the elderly Archbishop Alemany of his administrative duties. The following year, he and Alemany both attended the third Plenary Council of Baltimore from November 9 to December 7, 1884. During the council, Riordan brought his brother Dennis to serve as his theological consultant and chaired the committee overseeing the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions. Shortly after the conclusion of the council, Alemany resigned as archbishop of San Francisco on December 21, 1884. Riordan automatically succeeded him as the second archbishop of San Francisco.
### Archbishop
In 1884, Riordan\'s first full year in San Francisco, the archdiocese contained 175 priests, 128 churches, and 25 chapels and stations to serve a Catholic population of 200,000. Following his death in December 1914, there were 367 priests, 182 churches, 94 chapels and stations, and 94 parochial schools for 280,000 Catholics. Many of the new parishes under his administration were established for immigrant communities.
Within the American Catholic hierarchy, Riordan was considered a liberal. Biographer James P. Gaffey noted that Riordan\'s \"closest friends were numbered among the so-called progressives or \'Americanizers,\' such as Gibbons, Ireland, Keane, and Spalding.\" In 1890, the conservative Archbishop Michael Corrigan, Riordan\'s classmate in Rome, included Riordan\'s name on a list of liberal bishops. In writing to Cardinal Camillo Mazzella in Rome, Corrigan said: \"In the ultra-Americanism of these prelates, I foresee dangers and sound the alarm.\" Even after the Vatican excommunicated the Irish theologian Reverend George Tyrrell in 1907 for his Modernist beliefs, Riordan wrote of Tyrrell: \"There is a place for him and plenty of work for him to do in this great Church of Christ.\"
In American politics, Riordan was a conservative. During the 1912 US presidential election, he strongly supported the Republican candidate, President William Howard Taft. Riordan viewed former President Theodore Roosevelt, the candidate of the Bull Moose Party, as \"\...a disturber of the peace\"; and he described the Democratic candidate, New Jersey Governor Woodrow Wilson, as a \"theorist\".
#### New cathedral and seminary {#new_cathedral_and_seminary}
Two of the largest projects during Riordan\'s tenure were the erection of a new cathedral and seminary for the Archdiocese. Old St. Mary\'s Cathedral on California Street had been used since 1854, but in May 1883 Archbishop Alemany purchased land on Van Ness Avenue for a larger cathedral to serve the city\'s growing Catholic population. The construction fell to Riordan, who laid the cornerstone in May 1887 and dedicated the new Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption in January 1891. This cathedral would serve the Archdiocese for the next 50 years, until it was destroyed by a fire in 1962.
A seminary had been established under Alemany near Mission San José (now Fremont) in 1883, but the seminary never had more than five students and collapsed within two years after the Marist professors left their posts. Riordan received a plot of land in Menlo Park from the sister of the archdiocese\'s lawyer, and opened St. Patrick\'s Seminary as a minor seminary in September 1898. Staffed by the Sulpician Fathers, the school became a major seminary with the additions of a philosophy department in 1902 and a theology department in 1904.
#### APA and Father Yorke {#apa_and_father_yorke}
In 1894, Riordan protested against the use in San Francisco\'s public schools of *Outlines of Mediæval and Modern History,* a history textbook by the historian Philip van Ness Myers, Riordan claimed that the textbook was anti-Catholic and called it \"utterly unfit for use in a school patronized by children of various creeds.\" In April 1894 the San Francisco Board of Education ruled that its schools could still use the textbook. However, teachers could omit any passages that might \"appear in any way to favor or to reflect on the particular doctrines or tenets of any religious sect.\" Some Protestant leaders in San Francisco denounced the school board decision. The Congregationalist minister Charles Oliver Brown described the decision as \"a complete surrender to Rome.\"
The textbook controversy and the growing presence of the anti-Catholic American Protective Association in San Francisco led Riordan to appoint his chancellor, Reverend Peter Yorke, as editor of the archdiocesan newspaper *The Monitor* to respond to Protestant attacks. The archdiocese also established a local chapter of the Catholic Truth Society in 1897.
While Yorke proved popular among local Catholics, Riordan soon lost patience with him. A labor activist and a supporter of Irish republicanism, Yorke was a strident critic of local elected officials, including San Francisco Mayor James D. Phelan and U.S. Representative James G. Maguire. Riordan removed Yorke from *The Monitor* in October 1898. Riordan initially said that \"Father Yorke is alone responsible for his utterances.\" Riordan later elaborated:
> \"\[T\]he right must be accorded to \[Yorke\] as to every other citizen to make public his views on the rostrum or in the newspapers of the country\...The Catholic Church does not dictate to its priests or its people the policy which they should adopt in political matters.\"
#### Pious Fund {#pious_fund}
Riordan played a significant role in the first case that came before the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague, which centered on the Pious Fund of the Californias. Established in 1697, the fund was an endowment paid annually by the Mexican government to sponsor missions in California. Mexico had stopped making payments to the fund in 1848 after it ceded California to the United States in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
Riordan and the other bishops in California contested Mexico\'s action with American-Mexican Claims Commission. In 1875, the commission ruled in favor of the bishops of California, requiring Mexico to pay them \$904,000. However, this decision only the accrued interest on the missed payments from 1848 to 1869. Mexico paid the \$904,000 in 1890.
In 1890, Riordan asked U.S. Senator William Morris Stewart of Nevada to seek diplomatic intervention by the U.S. government to obtain payment for the fund\'s interest since 1869. The State Department filed a claim for the unpaid interest in 1891, but there was no progress on the case for the next eight years. In 1899, Secretary of State John Hay directed Powell Clayton, the American ambassador to Mexico, to reopen negotiations on the interest payments. Mexico. In May 1902, the two governments signed a protocol that submitted the dispute to the newly established Permanent Court of Arbitration
Riordan selected the British judge Edward Fry and the Russian jurist Friedrich Martens to serve as the arbitrators for the United States, with Stewart acting its counsel. The case opened on September 15, 1902, and concluded on October 14, when the court announced its unanimous verdict in favor of the United States. The court ordered Mexico to pay the bishops \$1.4 million as well as a perpetual annuity of \$43,000. The U.S. government forwarded the award to Riordan and the bishops of California, withholding 35% of the proceeds to cover its legal expenses. Riordan was praised by Leo XIII for his success; there were rumors that Leo would name him as a cardinal.
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# Patrick William Riordan
## Coadjutor Archbishop and Archbishop of San Francisco {#coadjutor_archbishop_and_archbishop_of_san_francisco}
### Archbishop
#### 1906 San Francisco earthquake {#san_francisco_earthquake}
Riordan was in Omaha, Nebraska, on his way to an event in Baltimore, when a major earthquake struck San Francisco on April 18, 1906. Among the Catholic Church\'s losses were more than a dozen churches and a number of other institutions, the damages totaling between \$2 million and \$6 million. As he left for San Francisco on April 21, Riordan also telegraphed an appeal to every bishop in the country: \"The work of fifty years is blotted out. Help us to begin again.\"
Upon his arrival back in the city, Riordan celebrated open-air Masses for his displaced parishioners, who were living amidst the ruins in temporary shelters, and assured them, \"We shall rebuild.\" On April 27, he addressed a committee at San Francisco\'s temporary city hall and quoted Paul the Apostle ([Acts 21:39](https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+21%3A39&version=DRA)):
Riordan temporarily lived in San Mateo while providing his official residence to the Presentation Sisters, who had lost their convent on Powell Street. Every church that had been destroyed had a temporary structure within two years and was rebuilt within another eight years.
## Later life and death {#later_life_and_death}
In 1902, nearly 20 years after he came to San Francisco as a coadjutor archbishop, Riordan received Bishop George Thomas Montgomery as his own coadjutor. However, Montgomery died a few years later in 1907. To replace Montgomery, Riordan\'s preferred candidate was Edward Joseph Hanna, a theology professor at Saint Bernard\'s Seminary in Rochester, New York. But Hanna\'s candidacy was derailed after his fellow professor, Andrew Breen, wrote a letter to Cardinal Girolamo Maria Gotti challenging Hanna\'s orthodoxy and accusing him of Modernism. Riordan instead received Denis J. O\'Connell, then rector of the Catholic University of America, as an auxiliary bishop in 1908 but he was later transferred to the Diocese of Richmond in 1912. Riordan again submitted Hanna\'s name as coadjutor and finally succeeded in October 1912.
In December 1914, Riordan contracted a severe cold which soon developed into pneumonia. He died five days later at 1000 Fulton Street, the Archbishop\'s Mansion, his residence in San Francisco, aged 73. He is buried in the Archbishops\' Crypt at Holy Cross Cemetery, Colma. Archbishop Riordan High School in San Francisco, California, is named for him
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# Union dues
**Union dues** are regular payments made by workers which grant membership of a trade union. Dues fund the provision of union services such as representation in collective bargaining and education activities. Nearly all unions require their members to pay dues. Dues can be collected directly or indirectly from workers; in the case of indirect collection this is often through a **check-off** where a worker authorises an employer to transfer the membership dues, from their wages, to their trade union.
## Variation
Many union members pay union dues out of their wages, although some unions collect dues separately from the paycheck. Union dues may be used to support a wide variety of programs or activities, including negotiating contracts; paying the salaries and benefits of union leaders and staff; union governance; legal representation; legislative lobbying (Members Dues money paid are never used for political campaigns, that is illegal. Many contribute their own money voluntarily to a labor related PAC Fund); pension, health, welfare and safety funds and the union strike fund. The expenditure of dues is then authorized either by the local union meeting or by the elected leaders of a union.
Dues are different from fees and assessments. Fees are generally one-time-only payments made by the union member to the union to cover the administration of ongoing programs or activities. One example is the initiation fee, a fee charged by the union to the worker when the employee first joins the union. The initiation fee covers the administrative costs of joining the union. Fees may, however, be ongoing. For example, a union program (such as a welfare or benefit fund) may be offered only to those union members who pay a regular fee to participate in the fund. Most union workers pay a fee when they start working for a company.
Since participation in the fund is not a requirement of union membership, the payment qualifies as a fee payment and not a dues payment. Assessments are generally one-time-only payments made by the union member to the union to cover a special program or activity. These special programs may or may not be ongoing, and may or may not operate for a limited time or in a limited fashion. An example is an organizing assessment, a payment the union may levy on its members to establish a union organizing fund. Another example is a one-time-only assessment to establish a fund since the fund requires a large capital infusion to be established, the assessment is used to raise this money.
Many local unions are affiliated with municipal, provincial, state, regional or national bodies. Often, these bodies levy their own dues on local unions, and a union member\'s dues may include the dues these other union organizations impose.
The legal status of union dues may be regulated by law. Depending on each country\'s labor law or the kind of union security agreement permitted by law, not all dues may be collected from all members.
The level of union dues varies widely. Some unions collect a percentage of each worker\'s pay (which may be limited to base wages only or include additional pay such as overtime income). Others collect a percentage of each worker\'s pay, but the percentage itself varies on a sliding scale (with lower-paid workers paying a lower percentage). Some dues (\"set-dues\") may be set at a specific level. For example, \"each worker must be 150 dollars per month.\" Some unions use a combination of percentage and \"set-dues\". Collection frequency also varies widely, and may be tied to the receipt of the paycheck or on a calendar basis (biweekly, monthly, or yearly).
Collection methods also exhibit wide variation. In industrialized countries the \"dues checkoff\" mechanism is commonplace, where the employer agrees to deduct all union dues, fees, and assessments automatically from each worker\'s pay-check and transmit the funds to the union on a regular basis. Many unions, however, collect dues from workers directly. For example, the Industrial Workers of the World prohibit employers to collect dues on its behalf through their constitution
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# Peter Walker (cricketer, born 1936)
**Peter Michael Walker** `{{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|MBE}}`{=mediawiki} (17 February 1936 -- 5 April 2020) was an English cricketer, who played in three Test matches for the England cricket team in 1960.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Walker was born in Clifton, Bristol, England, but educated partly in South Africa. A tall right-handed middle-order batsman, a left-arm bowler who varied his pace between medium-paced seamers and slow spinners, and a spectacularly good close catcher, specialising in fielding at short-leg, he played all his county cricket for Glamorgan.
For a few years at the beginning of his cricket career, he also played during the English winters for the South African provincial sides, Transvaal and Western Province.
As a batsman, Walker made 1,000 runs in a season eleven times, often seeming to do well when his colleagues faltered. Nevertheless, in seventeen years of first-class cricket he made only thirteen centuries, and his career average of 26 reflected soundness rather than flair, on the unpredictable surfaces that applied in the days of uncovered pitches. His bowling was effective more than penetrating, but, in 1961, he took 101 wickets to achieve the double of 1,000 runs and 100 wickets, and he was not far short in 1959 and 1962. As a fielder, he ranks among the best of all time: he took 697 catches in 469 career matches, and his 73 catches in 1961 -- to go alongside his 1,000 runs and 100 wickets -- is the third highest figure for a fielder in a single English cricket season, after Wally Hammond and Mickey Stewart; and the best \'treble\' -- runs, wickets and catches ever recorded in the history of the first-class game.
Walker was picked for three Tests against South Africa who toured England in 1960; he batted well down the order in all three games and hardly bowled at all, but probably did well enough to have expected further chances. But at a time of batting riches for England and spin competition from David Allen, Ray Illingworth and Fred Titmus, he never got back into contention after playing in the first three Tests, all of which England won.
## After cricket {#after_cricket}
He stayed with Glamorgan until 1972 when, after being passed over for the captaincy, he retired to become a cricket writer and broadcaster. For many years, he introduced the BBC Television\'s coverage of the Sunday League.
In 1985, Walker was the founder and managing director of Merlin Television, which became the largest independent production company in Wales, and after selling out in 1996, became the first chief executive of the newly formed Cricket Board of Wales. He was also largely responsible for the development of the National Cricket Centre for Wales at Glamorgan\'s home ground at Sophia Gardens in Cardiff.
In 2009, he was elected President of Glamorgan County Cricket Club.
Walker was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2011 New Year Honours for services to cricket.
He died on 5 April 2020 at the age of 84, after a stroke
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# Akira Machida
**Akira Machida** (町田 顯 *Machida Akira*, October 16, 1936 -- April 5, 2015) was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Japan from 2002 to 2006.
He was born in Shimonoseki, Japan.
He first began his career in 1959, when he was appointed as a legal apprentice. In 1961 he was appointed as an assistant judge to the Tokyo District and its Family Court, the judge of the Muroran branch of the Sapporo District and its Family Court, and the judge of the Civil Affairs Bureau of the General Secretariat of the Supreme Court. In 1971 he was promoted to judge of the Sapporo District and its Family Court.
In 1973 he became Chief of the Budget Division, Financial Affairs Bureau, and General Secretariat of the Supreme Court. He began serving as the Chief of the General Affairs Division in 1975, and although he quit being Chief of the Budget Division, he continued to perform in his other two positions until 1977, when he became Counsellor of the Cabinet Legislative Bureau. In 1983 he was appointed as a judge of the Tokyo District, and a presiding judge of the Division.
From 1984 until 1991 he regained his position as General Secretariat of the Supreme Court; however, he also attained the status of Director of the Secretary and Public Information Division in 1984, which he kept until 1986 when he became Director of the Financial Affairs Bureau. In 1991 he became Chief Judge of the Kofu District Court and its Family Court. In 1993 he became Chief Judge of the Chiba District Court. In 1994 he was appointed judge of the Tokyo High Court, and a presiding judge of the Division. In 1998 he began serving as president of the Fukuoka High Court. In 1999 he became president of the Tokyo High Court.
In 2000 he was appointed as a justice of the Supreme Court of Japan. He was appointed Chief Justice on November 6, 2002. One notable case his court has presided over, but he himself did not participate in, was over whether Japanese nationals living in foreign countries had the constitutional right to vote for a specific candidate in parliamentary elections. In addition, Chief Justice Machida voted with the majority to overturn a ruling from the Tokyo High Court that said the Tokyo Metropolitan Government could not bar a civil servant from her managerial exam due to her South Korean nationality. On October 15, 2006, Akira Machida retired upon reaching the age of 70. He was succeeded by Niro Shimada
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# Ferdinand Zecca
**Ferdinand Zecca** (19 February 1864 -- 23 March 1947) was a pioneer French film director, film producer, actor and screenwriter. He worked primarily for the Pathé company, first in artistic endeavors then in administration of the internationally based company.`{{TOC limit|limit=2}}`{=mediawiki}
## Early life {#early_life}
Ferdinand Louis Zecca was born in Paris on 19 February 1864 into an Italian family steeped in the entertainment world. His father was the stage manager at the Paris *Théâtre de l\'Ambigu* while his brothers were actors. {{#tag:ref\|His brother, Louis Z. Rollini, later became a screenwriter with 23 credits to his name.\|group=Note}} Zecca also became a stage manager and then an actor, before working as an entertainer, playing the cornet and singing in Parisian cafés. He was playing the cornet at the *Foire au Pain d\'épices*, when he encountered filmmaker Léon Gaumont.
## Filmmaking
From 1891, Zecca had worked occasionally recording voice-overs for phonograph records for the Pathé Frères company, a pioneer in the cinema and audio recording industries. After 1895, Pathé became more involved in cinema. Gaumont first hired Zecca as an actor in 1898 but Zecca directed his first film for Pathé, an experimental sound production, *Le Muet mélomane* (1899) based on a musical Zecca and another artist, Charlus, were performing. At the request of entrepreneur Georges Dufayel, owner of the *Grands Magasins Dufayel*, they acted the piece before a ciné camera. His next film, *Les Méfaits d\'une tête de veau* (1899) was for Gaumont.
In 1900, unable to personally do the work, Charles Pathé had Zecca set up the Pathé pavilion in the Paris World Fair (Exposition Universelle). After seeing his work, Pathé offered Zecca a position in his film company in Vincennes, first as an assistant to a director. Engaging Zecca \"for a few weeks\", he quickly became Pathé\'s right-hand man and was soon creating and directing his own films. Zecca explored many themes from the mundane to the fantastic. In *À la conquête de l\'air* (1901), a strange flying machine, called *Fend-l\'air*, was seen flying over the rooftops of Belleville. By using trick photography, the one-minute short was notable in being the first aviation film, predating the flight by the Wright Brothers by two years.{{#tag:ref\|Zecca had filmed an actor in the strange contraption suspended from the studio roof with the camera having half the frame blocked. The film was then rewound and the city landscape was shot in the previously blacked-out portion, creating the first split-screen effect.\|group=Note}}
Zecca also pioneered one of the first crime dramas, *Histoire d\'un crime* (1901), stylistically innovative in its use of superimposition. The story was of a man condemned to death, awaiting execution with his crimes appearing on his cell wall. The film is an early example of flashbacks as a film device. Other films included comedies, trick films or fairy tales, such as *Les Sept châteaux du Diable*, both 1901, and *La Belle au bois dormant* in 1902, as well as social dramas like *Les Victimes de l\'alcoolisme* (1902), *Au pays noir* (1905) and reconstructions of actual events, the most famous being *La Catastrophe de la Martinique* (1902).
Zecca acted in many of his films. At the end of 1906, assisted by the Spaniard Segundo de Chomón\'s photography and special effects, Zecca continued to experiment. He co-directed *La Vie et la passion de Jésus Christ* (1903), which, at a running time of 44 minutes, was one of the first feature-length films about Jesus. He started filming in colour, with second *Vie et Passion de N.S. Jésus Christ*, shot in four parts with 38 scenes, 990 metres long, which was finished in 1907.
Between 1900 and 1907, Zecca oversaw the production of hundreds of Pathé films from many important Pathé directors including Nonguet Lucien, Gaston Velle, Albert Capellani, Louis J. Gasnier, André Heuzé and Henri Pouctal. Zecca also acted, directed, produced, and, on occasion, wrote films. After Pathé bought the rights to Star films, Zecca started editing films by George Méliès.
Appointed Managing Director of Pathé in 1905, in 1913 Zecca was sent to the United States to take charge of the American Pathé production house. He returned to France in 1919, where as a co-director with René Leprincee, he made *Le Calvaire d\'une reine*, his last film. In the same year, Zecca was appointed to head the Pathé-Baby division, producing equipment and cameras for thin film, where he worked until his retirement in 1939.
In March 1947 at the age of 83, in his residence at Saint-Mandé, France, Ferdinand Zecca died
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# Alan Brown (cricketer, born 1935)
**Alan Brown** (born 17 October 1935) is an English former professional cricketer who played in two Test matches against Pakistan and India in 1961. He also played County cricket for Kent County Cricket Club between 1957 and 1970. He was born in Rainworth in Nottinghamshire.
## Cricket career {#cricket_career}
Brown was genuine fast bowler in his youth. He went on the 1961/1962 tour to India, Pakistan and Ceylon when the regular England pace attack (including Trueman and Statham) declined to tour, but found the wickets too flat for his style of bowling. He took 3 for 27 in Pakistan\'s second innings on his debut as England ran out winners by five wickets, but went wicketless in the draw against India in Bombay.
After making one appearance for Nottinghamshire Second XI in 1953, Brown made his first-class cricket debut in 1957 for Kent against Cambridge University. He played regularly for Kent until 1970 as the county\'s main strike bowler. He was capped by the county in 1961 and took 100 wickets in 1965.
Brown was a powerful and popular opening bowler with honest endeavour. Bowling with a drag more suited to the back foot no ball rule, he led Kent\'s attack for a decade although his pace declined with age. His most successful season came in 1965, when he claimed 119 wickets with a bowling average of 19.04, but further England honours eluded him.
A hard hitting tail end batsman, he scored three fifties with a best of 81. He retired in 1970, with 743 first-class cricket wickets at under 25 apiece. A talented all round sportsman, he also played football as a centre-forward for Gravesend & Northfleet, Margate, Canterbury City, Deal Town, Bexley United and Whitstable Town
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# Jack Flavell
**Jack Flavell** (15 May 1929 -- 25 February 2004) was an English cricketer who played in four Tests for England from 1961 to 1964. His county cricket career was spent with Worcestershire, with whom Flavell won two County Championship titles. His new ball bowling partnership with Len Coldwell was one of the most feared and respected in the 1960s.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
**John Alfred Flavell** was born in Wall Heath, Staffordshire. After turning down the offer of a contract at Warwickshire, Flavell began his Worcestershire career in 1949 as an out and out fast bowler, earning himself the nickname of 'Mad Jack'. After suffering a back injury, he cut his run and concentrated on accuracy and generating movement off the seam. Unusually for a fast bowler, he was more effective in his thirties than he had been in his twenties, and became one of the most prolific and feared opening bowlers in the County Championship. He claimed 100 wickets or more in a season on eight occasions, and topped the averages in 1961, when he took 171 wickets at 17.79.
He took three hat-tricks -- against Kent in 1951, Cambridge University in 1953 and Lancashire in 1963. In the Lancashire game, each batsman was dismissed LBW, a testament to his unrelenting attack on middle stump. He bagged nine wickets in an innings on three occasions, with a best of 9 for 30 against Kent in 1955. Having taken 9 for 90 at Hastings, he was denied a chance to take all ten when Sussex declared at tea. In all, appetite for long spells, and ability to shrug off a succession of hamstring and ankle injuries, earned him 1,529 wickets in 401 first-class appearances. From 1957 to 1961 he averaged 970 overs in a season, bowling 1,037 in 1960 and 1,245 in 1961.
In partnership with Len Coldwell, he spearheaded Worcestershire\'s two championship winning campaigns in 1964, when he took 101 wickets, and 1965 when he bagged 132 at 14.99. Coming back from injury in 1964, with Worcestershire\'s push for the title stalling, he took forty-six wickets in five matches between 8 and 25 August at just 11.71, taking nine in an innings against Middlesex. He almost helped Worcestershire to a championship hat trick in 1966, bagging 135 at 14 at the age of 37, before retiring the following year. In 1968, John Arlott wrote that "for a decade he \[Coldwell\] and Flavell have been as consistently hostile an opening pair as any in the country, not merely for the penetrative quality of their best bowling but because of their combination of persistent accuracy, stamina and edge, giving the batsmen nothing and harrying them, over after over, for long spells".
He represented his country in just four Test matches, against Australia in 1961 and 1964, and was unlucky to play in an era when England could call on Fred Trueman, Brian Statham and Frank Tyson. As late as 1964, E.W. Swanton wrote that \"Among first-class cricketers as many hold the view that Flavell is the best opening bowler in the country as do the same for Statham\". His benefit in 1963 brought him a county record of £6,480 and he was one of Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1965.
He retired just as one-day cricket was beginning to take root in county cricket, his accurate bowling earning him thirty three wickets at just 9.75. Flavell had no pretensions as a left-handed batsman, but scored his only first-class fifty against arch rivals Warwickshire at Dudley in 1959, and also in partnership with the still-worse "rabbit" Bob Carter won Worcestershire a vital one-wicket victory over Nottinghamshire with two fours.
A talented all round sportsman, Flavell\'s cricket career almost ended before it began, due to his talent for soccer. He played for West Bromwich Albion, with whom he signed professional terms at 17, and Walsall. In 1948 he played in the Army cup final at Aldershot, when lightning killed two players and burned the hair from his head. He was a successful amateur golfer and captained Enville Golf Club.
After retirement, with his wife Marie, Flavell ran The Rafters Restaurant near Wolverhampton, and then a guest house in Barmouth, Gwynedd, Wales. He died in his sleep in Barmouth in February 2004, at the age of 74
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# Butch White
**David William**\"**Butch**\"**White** (14 December 1935 -- 1 August 2008) was an English cricketer who played in two Test matches for England against Pakistan in 1961 and 1962. A fast bowler, he played most of his first-class cricket at domestic level for Hampshire from 1957 to 1971, forming a formidable bowling partnership with Derek Shackleton. In his fifteen seasons with the county, he took nearly 1,100 wickets and was a member of the Hampshire side which won their first County Championship in 1961. At the end of his career, he spent a season playing for Glamorgan in 1972. White was considered to be one of the fastest bowlers in England.
## Cricket
### Early career {#early_career}
David William White was born on 14 December 1935 in Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire. In his youth, he played club cricket for Aston Unity in the Birmingham and District League, where his reputation as a right-handed fast bowler earned him an invitation to play for the Warwickshire Second XI. During National Service as a driving instructor in the British Army, White earned a trial with Hampshire, making his first-class debut against Cambridge University at Bournemouth in 1957, and joining the county staff in 1958. During the 1958 season, he made his County Championship debut against Nottinghamshire, as a replacement for the injured Leo Harrison. Across the season, made seven first-class appearances, taking 25 wickets at an average of 19.96, claiming his maiden five wicket haul on his Championship debut. The retirement of Vic Cannings in 1959 gave him the opportunity to open the bowling for Hampshire alongside Derek Shackleton, whom he would form a powerful bowling partnership with. In ten matches during 1959, he took 26 wickets at an average of 32.46.
In his first full season in 1960, White made 26 first-class appearances. He met with success, taking 124 wickets at an average of 19.10, with nine five wicket hauls; it was to be the best season of his entire first-class career. The 1960 season came in a period where there was \"a jittery witch-hunt against chuckers\", with White being called three times for chucking by umpire Paul Gibb against Sussex. Nobody quite knew why Gibb called him for chucking, and his bowling action would not be thereafter questioned. There was speculation that the incident may have dissuaded the England selectors from selecting White that summer. Commenting on White\'s first full season, Trevor Bailey remarked that he \"was the most exciting discovery Hampshire have made in years\" and rated him amongst the fastest bowlers in county cricket. He played a notable batting innings against Oxford University during the season, striking 28 runs from an over bowled by Dan Piachaud, a scoring sequence which contained four successive sixes.
His bowling partnership with Shackleton played a pivitol role in helping Hampshire to win their first County Championship in 1961. Complimenting Shackleton\'s 153 wickets, White took 121 wickets at an average of 25.07, with six five wicket hauls. One of his most notable contributions with the ball came against Sussex at Portsmouth, when he took a hat-trick to dismiss Jim Parks, Ian Thomson, and Donald Smith; he would have had a fourth successive wicket, had Jimmy Gray not dropped Graham Cooper, but he did succeed in dismissing Cooper with the sixth ball of the over. Although a tailender, he played an important innings in June 1961, when chasing 199 runs for victory against Gloucestershire, Hampshire were reduced to 162 for 8. White scored a quickfire 33 to take Hampshire to victory. His partnership with Shackleton afforded the Hampshire captain Colin Ingleby-Mackenzie the freedom to set bold declarations in the pursuit of victory, with the confidence that the pair could back up his bold captaincy, whilst being ably supported by the batting of Roy Marshall.
### Test selection {#test_selection}
Having impressed the England selectors in 1961, White was selected to tour India, Pakistan and Ceylon in the winter with the England team, which was organised by the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). He made his Test debut in the 1st Test against Pakistan at Lahore on 21 October 1961, opening the bowling. In his opening spell, he dismissed the Pakistani openers Hanif Mohammed and Imtiaz Ahmed, within 16 balls, ending the innings with figures of 3 for 65 and went wicketless in the Pakistani second innings. On what was a split tour, White did not feature in any of the Test matches against Indian, but did feature in several first-class matches the MCC played. He returned in February for the 3rd Test against Pakistan at Karachi, where he bowled Imtiaz Ahmed with his first ball of the match, but pulled a muscle and was unable to continue after only 16 deliveries. Although he had suffered a series of injuries during the tour, he still topped the tourists\' bowling averages, with 32 wickets at 19.84, playing on \"docile\" pitches which offered little assistance to fast bowlers. White found his opportunities at Test level restricted by competition from Brian Statham and Fred Trueman.
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# Butch White
## Cricket
### Later Hampshire career {#later_hampshire_career}
Although Hampshire were unable to reach the heights of 1961 during the 1962 season, with White spending periods of the season out with injury, which negatively impacted his bowling returns. In 24 appearances, he took 71 wickets at an average of 30.67, claiming just two five wicket hauls. He claimed a second hat-trick during the season, against Sussex at Hove when he dismissed Denis Foreman, Ken Suttle and Parks; soon after achieving his hat-trick, he suffered a groin injury that prevented him from bowling until later in the match. He made 24 appearances in the following season, taking 95 wickets at an average of 23.41, claiming five wickets in an innings on five occasions. White was a member of Hampshire\'s team for their inaugural appearance in List A one-day cricket against Derbyshire in the 1963 Gillette Cup. For the first time since Hampshire\'s 1961 Championship triumph, White took a hundred wickets for the season in 1964, with 104 from 33 matches at an average of 30.27. The following season from 32 matches, he took 91 wickets at an average of 25.49; his 6 for 10 against Yorkshire on a \"lively\" Middlesbrough pitch was key to dismissing them for just 23 runs, Yorkshire\'s lowest-ever total. During the mid 1960s, White helped to run Hampshire\'s indoor school at Northlands Road.
White would take over a hundred wickets in a season for the final time in 1966, taking 109 from 27 matches at an average of 19.75. He claimed five wickets in an innings on five occasions, and against Leicestershire at Portsmouth, he took his career best figures of 9 for 44. His good form with the ball continued into 1967, with White taking 95 wickets at an average of 22.13 from 30 first-class matches, once again taking five wickets in an innings on five occasions across the season. In 1968, he made 28 first-class appearances, taking 87 wickets at an average of 17.44, whilst the following season he took 92 wickets at an average of 19.29 from 28 matches, claiming seven five wicket hauls. He claimed his 1000th first-class wicket in June, when he dismissed Nottinghamshire\'s Barry Stead. With the further proliferation of the one-day game in county cricket during the 1969 season, which came via the introduction of Sunday League, White found himself playing regular one-day cricket. He made seventeen one-day appearances in 1969, helping Hampshire to finish second in the inaugural Player\'s County League. In these, he took 27 wickets at an average of 18.70, and took his only career one-day five wicket haul against a Yorkshire side weakened by Test call-ups. He was afforded a benefit in 1969, which raised £4,547. Allowside fellow fast bowler Bob Cottam, White had threatened to leave Hampshire in 1969, unless his wages were bought up into line with Barry Richards; both Cottam and White reached an amicable agreement and remained with Hampshire heading into the 1970s.
White\'s twelve year partnership with Shackleton came to an end following the 1969 season, when Shackleton retired. During the 1970 season, White made fourteen first-class appearances, until a cartilage injury at the end of July, which required surgery, ruled him out of the remainder of the season. Prior to his injury, he had taken 45 wickets at an average of 23.86, and in June he had struck a 26-ball fifty against Sussex, having come into bat with Hampshire 64 for 7. He also made ten one-day appearances, taking 16 wickets at an average of 18.50. In 1971, White was beset by injuries. These limited his appearances to thirteen first-class and ten one-day appearances, though his bowling was rendered largely ineffective in the matches that he did feature in. As a result of his injury affected season, Hampshire decided not to offer him a contract for the 1972 season, with White leaving alongside Alan Castell and Bob Cottam.
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# Butch White
## Cricket
### Move to Glamorgan {#move_to_glamorgan}
With Glamorgan having struggled to recruit bowlers, there was a pressing need to measure the workload of their three main bowlers Lawrence Williams, Malcolm Nash, and Tony Cordle. As a result, White was signed by Glamorgan in 1972 on a Sunday League deal. He played in eight one-day matches spread across the Benson & Hedges Cup, Gillette Cup, and John Player League, taking 8 wickets at an average of 21.62. He also made one appearance in the 1972 County Championship against Gloucestershire, taking one wicket.
### Playing style and statistics {#playing_style_and_statistics}
White was a broad shouldered and muscular right-arm fast bowler, though was not exceptionally tall. He ran in energetically from 25 yards, with a delivery stride that the cricket writer John Arlott described as \"convulsive\". At the beginning of his career, he troubled batsmen with his ability to inswing the ball into the right-batsman, though under the guidance of Shackleton he developed an effective outswinger. The journalist David Foot described his bowling style as \"reassuringly sound\... rather than pleasing to the eye\". He was known for unpredictable streaks of brilliance, though some considered these to appear when the pressure was off. Trueman shared the same view as Bailey, opining that he was the fastest bowler in England. As a left-handed tailend batsman, he used his muscular physique to his advantage to bludgeon the ball and was agricultural in his shot selection
In 315 first-class matches for Hampshire across fifteen seasons, he took 1,097 wickets at an average of 23.56; he took five wickets in an innings on 56 occasions and ten-wickets in a match on five. In terms of first-class wickets taken for Hampshire, White has the sixth-highest total. With the bat, he scored 2,967 runs for Hampshire, at an average of 10.86; he made five half centuries, with a top score of 58 not out. In the field, he took 103 catches for Hampshire.
## Later life and death {#later_life_and_death}
After retiring from the first-class game, he played club cricket in Hampshire for New Milton in the Hampshire League, whom he captained. He later settled in West Sussex, where he coached cricket at Christ\'s Hospital near Horsham. He played golf with a good handicap in later life, and was employed as a marshal at Mannings Heath Golf Club. He was a member of the West Sussex Golf Club in Pulborough. Whilst playing a round of golf there on 1 August 2008, he died after suffering a heart attack on the 11th hole. He was married twice, and had one son
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# Eric Russell (cricketer)
**William Eric Russell** (born 3 July 1936) is a Scottish former cricketer. He was an opening batsman who played for Middlesex County Cricket Club from 1956 to 1972, and played in ten Test matches for England between 1961 and 1967.
The cricket correspondent, Colin Bateman, commented, \"a smooth, assured opening batsman, Eric Russell suffered from never getting a settled sequence in the England team. His 10 Tests were spread over seven series and five countries, and two half-centuries in 18 innings did not do his ability justice.\"
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Russell was a stylish right-hander, whose international appearances were limited by injury and the dominance of Geoff Boycott and John Edrich. He played ten Tests against six countries and toured three times, but could never establish himself in the England side.
He joined Middlesex in 1956 at the age of 20, and played over 400 games for them, recording over 25,000 first-class runs with 41 centuries, and a career best of 193 against Hampshire at Bournemouth in 1964. He scored 1,000 runs in a season 13 times, a testament to his reliability, and topped 2,000 on three occasions, his best return being his 2,343 at 45.92 in 1964. He also took 22 wickets with his occasional medium pacers and held 304 catches.
After leaving Middlesex, Russell coached at Shiplake College, played Minor Counties cricket for Berkshire and later played a role in the development of MCC\'s Shenley cricket centre
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# Busan station
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# Pentagon Renovation Program
The **Pentagon Renovation Program (PENREN)** was a long-term project by the United States Department of Defense to perform a complete slab-to-slab renovation of the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia. The program began in the 1990s, and was completed in June 2011.
The full-scale renovation became necessary because by the mid-1990s, the Pentagon had never undergone a major renovation and building systems had deteriorated beyond repair, requiring complete replacement. Asbestos throughout the building made almost any building work complex and disruptive.
The Defense Authorization Act of 1991 transferred control of the Pentagon Reservation from the General Services Administration to the Department of Defense, and established the Pentagon Reservation Maintenance Revolving Fund, designed to fund Pentagon renovations. This move enabled the Secretary of Defense to determine rental rates for Pentagon tenants to help fund the renovation.
## Projects
### Information technology {#information_technology}
The basic information system infrastructure in the Pentagon was installed long before the advent of personal computers, fax machines, video teleconferencing, and digital telephone service, and had evolved without a design plan. In 1943, when the Pentagon was built, there was one telephone for every three employees. Over the following years, new information technology capabilities had emerged and new systems had been laid on top of the old. Over time, this merging of technology had become unmanageable and not easily upgraded. As requirements emerged, facilities and systems were added with little or no regard to existing capabilities or long-term requirements. The individual military departments and agencies engineered and installed equipment and cables to meet their immediate specific needs.
The renovated Pentagon contains over 1700 mi of cabling, more than 100,000 voice, data, and video drops, 50,000 data faceplates, and 16 consolidated server rooms, down from 70 server rooms before.
### Metro entrance facility {#metro_entrance_facility}
When the Washington Metro\'s Pentagon station originally opened, access to the Pentagon from the station was gained through a direct underground entrance. An outdoor bus station also existed at the station\'s street entrance.
As part of the renovation, vehicular traffic was moved further away from the building itself, and the direct entrance from the Metro station was eliminated in order to enhance security. This involved constructing a new dual-level bus station beyond the original bus station, and constructing a new Metro entrance facility. The new entrance facility is accessed from street level, with a covered path leading from the bus station past the Metro station entrance to the Pentagon itself.
In addition, the opening of the bus facility marked the return of bus traffic to the Pentagon, after having been moved to the Pentagon City station due to security changes made following the attack on the Pentagon on 11 September 2001.
### Navy build-out 2A1 {#navy_build_out_2a1}
The Navy Build-Out project is located in the basement of Wedge 4 and consists of approximately 30000 sqft of occupiable space. Demolition and abatement of this space was completed in November 2001. The build-out contract was awarded in September 2001 and construction began in early November 2001. The contractor designed and constructed office space, conference/training rooms, and supporting spaces including mechanical rooms, telephone closets, electrical closets, bathrooms, equipment rooms, etc. to house the Navy.
In order to fulfill the new structural requirements of the renovation design over 200 helical screwed piles were installed through the existing slab on grade to support a new floor slab. The original completion date was set as March 2003, with tenant move in scheduled for April 2003. The project was completed in June 2003.
### Pentagon Athletic Center {#pentagon_athletic_center}
The original facility, the Pentagon Officers Athletic Club was located east of the Pentagon on the opposite side of the abandoned railroad track. It had never undergone a physical renovation. PAC management made it a point to keep the facility updated with modern equipment. However, the projected increase in usage would soon exceed the amount of space available. The replacement PAC is located on the north side of the Pentagon next to the Remote Delivery Facility and new helipad and is more than 50% larger, and accommodates 8,000 members per day, compared to the 2,000 members per day supported by the POAC. The additional space increased the facility\'s capacity to bring in more workout equipment, allow for more varied exercise areas and rooms, and help to reduce crowded conditions during peak hours.
### Pentagon Library and Conference Center {#pentagon_library_and_conference_center}
The Pentagon Library and Conference Center project, also known as PLC2, transformed the former Pentagon Athletic Center into the new home for the Army library, 16 conference rooms operated by the Department of Defense Concessions Committee, several offices under the Pentagon Force Protection Agency, and also a cafe for catering purposes. Design elements include a two-story grand hall entrance, terrazzo flooring, and large skylights to provide natural light.
Due to the former Pentagon Athletic Center\'s being completely underground, in creating the new facility, PENREN had to completely demolish the original structure, leaving only the surrounding walls and roof intact.
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# Pentagon Renovation Program
## Projects
### Pentagon Memorial {#pentagon_memorial}
The Pentagon Memorial is located on the southwest side of the Pentagon that was struck on 11 September 2001, and is designed so that the nation may remember and reflect on the events that occurred on that date. The Memorial is free and open to the public seven days a week. Groups and individuals are welcome in the Memorial each day but guided tours are not offered; the Memorial is meant to be experienced on a more personal level. The Pentagon Memorial is located at 1 Rotary Road on the Pentagon Reservation in Arlington. Although most other such memorials are located either near the main entrance or the north side of Arlington National Cemetery, the Memorial is within walking distance of the new United States Air Force Memorial and share parking with it.
Similar to other PENREN construction projects, the Memorial Project is also focusing on sustainability. The project\'s sustainable efforts include: site development through reclaimed land development and its proximity to mass transportation; and in high efficiency through low impact mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (fountain) systems. Additionally, the Memorial project teams are tracking erosion and sediment control, stormwater management, and light pollution reduction. The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) credits achieved from this project will contribute to the overall Pentagon Reservation certification.
### Phoenix Project {#phoenix_project}
The Phoenix Project was the name given to the project to repair the damage to the Pentagon caused when American Airlines Flight 77 crashed into the building during the September 11, 2001 attacks. The project\'s goal was to reoccupy the outermost ring of the rebuilt section by 11 September 2002. This goal was bettered by nearly a month, with tenants moving back in on 15 August 2002.
The project entailed the complete demolition and reconstruction of the C, D, and E Rings in the area of the boundary between the recently renovated Wedge 1 and the unrenovated Wedge 2. Wedge 1 space would be fully rebuilt, while only the building shell would be rebuilt for Wedge 2. A full build-out for the Wedge 2 space would be completed at a later time.
The phrase \"Let\'s roll\", as spoken by Todd Beamer on United Airlines Flight 93, was adopted as the project\'s slogan, and displayed prominently on the building\'s exterior during the reconstruction work. A clock counting down the time until 9:37 AM on 11 September 2002, was located on site as well.
### Remote Delivery Facility {#remote_delivery_facility}
The Remote Delivery Facility (RDF) is a new 250000 sqft shipping and receiving facility adjoining the Pentagon. The RDF significantly improves the physical security of the Pentagon by providing a secure consolidated location for receiving and screening thousands of items shipped to the building each day.
The Remote Delivery facility contains 38 loading docks, and receives an average of 250 trucks per day. The roof is partly landscaped to create a park-like atmosphere, and is the first major project to utilize a design-build delivery system. The Pentagon helipad was relocated from the site of the Pentagon Memorial to the roof of the RDF.
### Roads, grounds, and security {#roads_grounds_and_security}
Initiated as a direct result of the terrorist attack, the Pentagon Roads, Grounds, and Security projects will enhance Pentagon perimeter security. With a combined total value of \$35 million, these initiatives will increase standoff distance between the Pentagon and public roadways. These projects were completed October 2004.
Two roads, grounds, and security projects are the Remote Delivery Facility Secure Access Lane along Route 27 and the Pentagon Secure Bypass Lane which involves the rerouting of Route 110 through the Pentagon North lot.
Pentagon Secure Bypass -- scope of work:
- Relocating Route 110 east towards Boundary Channel Drive to increase stand-off distance to Pentagon and eliminate traffic under River Terrace
- Reconfigure parking around new roadway alignment to optimize parking availability while implementing security measures
RDF Secure Access Lane -- scope of work:
- Revise cloverleaf interchange with Columbia Pike and Route 27 at South Parking
- Relocate RDF guardhouse to increase stand-off distance
- Replace existing direct truck access from Route 27 to the RDF and Mall Terrace with access from relocated security gate at new interchange
### Swing space {#swing_space}
To keep the Pentagon operational at all times during renovation, one-fifth of the building\'s 25,000 occupants must be relocated to swing space, temporary office space in and around the Pentagon. The vacated \"wedge\" of the Pentagon is then sealed off for demolition and abatement. Over 1000000 sqft of external swing space was built-out in nearby Rosslyn and Crystal City. Over 45 floors of office space had to be connected to the Pentagon\'s voice and data communications systems.
### Wedge 1 {#wedge_1}
Wedge 1 was the first above-ground section of the Pentagon to undergo renovation. Demolition of the existing structure and hazardous material abatement began in 1998, and the first move-in of tenants occurred in February 2001. The last tenants moved in on 6 February 2003.
The renovation of Wedge 1 involved the renovation of one million square feet of space. This involved the removal of 83 million pounds of debris (70% of this was able to be recycled), and 28 million pounds of hazardous material. The renovation also saw the installation of eight new passenger elevators, new blast-resistant windows, escalators traversing all five floors, skylights, a new HVAC system, a new communications infrastructure, and a new open-plan office layout.
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# Pentagon Renovation Program
## Projects
### Wedges 2--5 {#wedges_25}
Wedges 2--5 is a phased design/build renovation of 4000000 sqft of space in the Pentagon. The project brings all remaining un-renovated areas of the building into compliance with modern building, life safety, ADA and fire codes. Work includes removal of all hazardous materials, replacement of all building systems, addition of new elevators and escalators to improve vertical circulation, and installation of new security and telecommunications systems. Renovated spaces will be modern, efficient, and flexible. The project, underway since September 2001, is on an accelerated schedule for completion in December 2010, four years sooner than originally planned.
Sustainable design measures have been integrated into the design. The Wedges 2--5 project is enrolled in the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Existing Buildings Pilot Program, and is working to achieve a gold rating. Force protection initiatives prompted by the 11 September 2001 terrorist attack have been successfully incorporated into the design. These include increased blast resistance, improved fire protection/life safety, and inclusion of chemical, biological and radiological (CBR) protection.
Key project challenges include integration of changing requirements (primarily telecommunications and force protection upgrades), tenant requirements gathering, and coordination of project turnover/tenant relocations. The 11 September 2001 terrorist attack caused the Renovation Program to reassess and upgrade project design criteria in many areas. Identification and implementation of the new criteria has been extremely challenging because design and construction had to proceed while studies were in development in order to meet the overall accelerated program schedule. Tenant requirements gathering has historically been a challenge for the Renovation Program and continues to be a challenge for Wedges 2--5, particularly for nontypical tenant spaces. Project turnover and tenant relocation to newly completed space is a complex effort. It must be carefully orchestrated to ensure a smooth transition for tenant missions and timely release of new areas for renovation
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# Waimakariri United AFC
**Waimakariri United** is a football club based in Rangiora, New Zealand. It was formed in 2008 through the merger of two North Canterbury teams, Kaiapoi Town (formerly based at Kendall Park, Kaiapoi) and Rangiora FC (formerly based at Maria Andrews Park, Rangiora)
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# David Smith (Gloucestershire cricketer)
**David Smith** (5 October 1934 -- 17 December 2003) was an English cricketer, who played in five Tests for England in India in 1961--1962.
He was one of a trio of pace bowlers, along with Alan Brown and Butch White, who were given their opportunity on the eight Test, five-month tour of India and Pakistan. However, his efforts in the heat and dust of the Indian subcontinent, did not do sufficient to earn him a chance to bowl in an England Test series at home.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Smith was born in Fishponds, Bristol.
He was a lower-order right-handed batsman, and a medium-fast right-arm bowler, who played for Gloucestershire for fifteen seasons from 1956, usually opening the bowling in partnership with Tony Brown. He was a successful county bowler at slightly above medium-pace, able to move the ball off the seam in both directions, and in five seasons he took more than 100 wickets, with a best of 143 wickets in 1960. In a team that was packed with all-rounders, Smith tended to bat fairly low, but he occasionally made useful runs, often in a fairly forthright style.
Smith\'s only Test cricket came on the long, and by modern standards, arduous Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) tour that started in Pakistan, moved on to India, took in Sri Lanka and then returned to Pakistan, in 1961--62. Leading England fast bowlers such as Fred Trueman and Brian Statham opted out of the tour, and Smith was one of three seam bowlers whose only experience of Test cricket came on the tour. Smith played in only the five Indian Tests, missing the three in Pakistan, and took six wickets in a series dominated by spin bowling. The regular Test fast bowlers resumed their careers in the 1962 English season, and Smith was never selected again.
Smith was also a footballer who played at outside-left for Bristol City and Millwall.
David Smith died in Bristol in December 2003, at the age of 69
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# Studio 7
: *\"Studio 7\" was also the original developmental title for the NBC drama Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip.*
***Studio 7*** is an American game show that premiered on July 22, 2004 on The WB.
*Studio 7* was hosted by Pat Kiernan. Each episode featured seven contestants, mostly college-age, who lived together in New York City for the four days prior to the taping. During this time, they were given some of the material on which the show would quiz them. The show was promoted as a hybrid of game shows and reality television such as *The Real World*.
The WB originally ordered two seasons of *Studio 7*, with the second season to air immediately after the first. However, the network cancelled plans for a second season during the initial run, due to low ratings.
## Gameplay
Each game is divided into six rounds, with a different focus for each round:
1. Trivia questions about events in the 21st century
2. Trivia questions about events in the current year (2004)
3. Trivia questions about events in the 30 days before taping
4. Trivia questions about a specialized subject, for which the contestants had been given study materials ahead of time
5. Reciting items in order from an extensive list
6. Trivia questions about events in the seven days before taping
In rounds 1, 2 and 3, each contestant is called (in a predetermined random order) to a central microphone, where they are asked a question. At the start of the game, each player is given a silver ring to wear around their neck. If a contestant wished to receive help, he or she would sacrifice the ring into \"The Pool of the 7\" \[a circular pool of water with a white \"7\" marked in the middle, located on the floor in front of the contestants\' pods\] and asked for assistance from any other contestant left in the game, including those that are on the block (in rounds 1-3). This is where the time the contestants spent together before the game comes into play. A player whose help is requested is not required to give a truthful answer, or any answer at all. For this reason, alliances were often formed to selectively help in-members, and throw off out-members.
Upon giving a correct answer, a contestant returns to his or her pod until the questioning returns to that player. If the answer given is incorrect, the contestant is sent to a bench called \"the block.\" When two players are \"on the block\", the remaining contestants vote on which of the two players will be removed from the game. The player is eliminated as soon as they have received a majority of the possible votes, even if all of the other players didn\'t have a chance to vote, at which time the other contestant returns to the game and advances to the next round as normal. However (in round 2 of the first five episodes), if the vote was tied, a sudden death round would be played, in which both players that were on the block were asked alternating questions, with the first player to be sent to the block going first. This would continue until one player gave an incorrect answer, at which point that player was eliminated while the other player advanced to the next round. During this round, the contender may ask for help using the aforementioned ring.
In round 4, when all questions relate to a specific category (such as \"The Cheeses of Wisconsin\"), the first contestant to give an incorrect answer is automatically removed from the game. This is also the last round in which the silver ring could be used. (In the last three episodes, round 2 also became a single-elimination round.)
In round 5, the remaining three contestants must memorize and recite a list of material (such as the dates, competing teams, and final scores for every Super Bowl game) in a specific order (chronological, reverse chronological, alphabetical, etc.). Two contestants are isolated backstage while the third stands above The Pool of the 7, and attempts to recite the list as completely as they can. He or she continues until an error is made, at which point the next contestant re-enters the studio to recite what they can of the same list. The player who is stopped after reciting the fewest items in the list is eliminated from the game; if two players tied for the fewest items recited, the slower player is eliminated.
In round 6, the higher-scoring player from the previous round chooses whether to go first or second. In turn, each player is asked questions about news events from the past week in rapid-fire format. Each player receives the same questions in the same order. The player who goes first establishes a time for the other player to beat (the round is timed to 1/100 of a second); the clock then runs back down to zero for the other player. The player who answers 7 questions correctly in the fastest time wins the game.
In the series\' first seven episodes, the winners received \$77,000 while the other players received nothing. In the eighth episode, the seven previous winners returned to play for \$777,000 more, resulting in a total of \$854,000 for the winner
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# Barry Knight (cricketer)
**Barry Rolfe Knight** (born 18 February 1938) is a former English cricketer, who played in twenty nine Tests for England from 1961 to 1969.
Cricket correspondent Colin Bateman remarked, \"a flamboyant cricketer\... \[Knight\] was an elegant middle-order batsman and a bowler with a sharp turn of speed who never appeared to run out of energy\".
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Born 18 February 1938, Chesterfield, Derbyshire, Knight was a fast bowling all-rounder, doing the cricketer\'s double (1,000 runs and 100 wickets in a season) four times, including the fastest in modern times, (two and a half months). He won the World Single Wicket Title at Lord\'s in 1964.
Knight made his county cricket debut with Essex in May 1955, leaving them at the end of the 1966 season for financial reasons to join Leicestershire. He emigrated to Australia at the end of the 1969 season, ending his career whilst still an England cricketer. He took 100 wickets in four seasons, and scored a thousand runs five times. He accomplished the double in each season from 1962 to 1965. In 1959, he missed the honour by a mere five runs. He made his highest first-class score, 165, against Middlesex at Brentwood in 1962.
His longest run at Test match level was the first six Tests he played in India and Pakistan in 1961--62. He was recalled nine times in a stop-start type of international career, but toured Australia twice in the 1962--63 and 1965-66 Ashes series, where he was a support bowler and lower order batsman. His 240 run, sixth wicket partnership, with Peter Parfitt against New Zealand in 1963, stood for almost forty years, until Graham Thorpe and Andrew Flintoff put the same opposition to the sword, with their partnership of 281 in Christchurch in March 2002.
He was the first professional coach in Australia, starting in 1970 at an indoor facility in Sydney called Knights Inn and also was a very early user of video to record students batting and bowling. He was also the first coach to use video analysis, which led to his coaching over the past forty years of over twenty Test players, including Allan Border, Steve and Mark Waugh, Brett and Shane Lee, Adam Gilchrist, John Dyson, Andrew Hilditch and many New South Wales players and is coaching some upcoming players. He has coached over 20,000 young cricketers since 1970, and is still involved in school holiday programmes, and with Mosman Cricket Club in Sydney. He holds an ACB level 3 coaching certificate, and also a Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) coaching certificate
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# New Brighton A.F.C. (New Zealand)
**New Brighton A.F.C.** was a soccer club in Christchurch, New Zealand. The original New Brighton Association Football Club was founded in 1924 but went into hiatus eight years later. The club was re-founded 27 years later in 1959. In 2007 they merged with Rangers A.F.C. to form Coastal Spirit FC.
The team entered the second division of the new Southern League in 1968, winning the league to gain promotion to the top flight. The following season saw their best-ever performance in the Chatham Cup, with them reaching the final only to lose to Auckland\'s Eastern Suburbs AFC. 1971 saw the team win the championship, gaining them entry to the New Zealand National Soccer League. The competed in this league for six seasons, spending much of that time in the bottom half of the table. Their best finish was third in 1974. They were relegated from the league in 1977.
The club gained new clubrooms in Bexley Road in 1979, but they were demolished after the 2011 Christchurch earthquake
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# Fort Lesley J. McNair
**Fort Lesley J. McNair**, also historically known as the **Washington Arsenal**, is a United States Army post located on the tip of Buzzard Point, the peninsula that lies at the confluence of the Potomac River and the Anacostia River in Washington, D.C. To the peninsula\'s west is the Washington Channel, while the Anacostia River is on its south side. The fort has been an army post for more than 200 years, third in length of service, after the United States Military Academy at West Point and the Carlisle Barracks. The fort is named for General Lesley James McNair, who was killed in action by friendly fire in Normandy, France during World War II.
## History
### Early history {#early_history}
The military reservation was established in 1791, on about 28 acre at the tip of Greenleaf Point. Major Pierre Charles L\'Enfant included it in his plans for Washington, the Federal City, as a significant site for the capital defense. On L\'Enfant\'s orders, Andre Villard, a French follower of Marquis de Lafayette, placed a one-gun battery on the site. In 1795, the site became one of the first two United States arsenals.
An arsenal first occupied the site, and defenses were built in 1794. However, the fortifications did not halt the invasion of British forces in 1814, who burned down many public government buildings in Washington, D.C., during the War of 1812. Soldiers at the arsenal evacuated north with as much gunpowder as they could carry, hiding the rest in a well as the British soldiers came up the Potomac River after burning the Capitol. About 47 British soldiers found the powder magazines they had come to destroy were empty. Someone threw a match into the well, and \"a tremendous explosion ensued,\" a doctor at the scene reported, \"whereby the officers and about 30 of the men were killed and the rest most shockingly mangled.\"
The remaining soldiers destroyed the arsenal buildings, but the facilities were rebuilt from 1815 to 1821. Eight buildings were arranged around a quadrangle and named the Washington Arsenal. In the early 1830s, four acres of marshland were reclaimed and added to the arsenal. A seawall and additional buildings were constructed. Between 1825 and 1831, the Washington Arsenal penitentiary, which was constructed adjacent to the main arsenal buildings, had a three-story block of cells, administrative buildings, and a shoe factory for teaching prisoners a trade. In 1857, the federal government purchased additional land for the site. By 1860, the arsenal had used one of the first steam presses, developed the first automatic machine for manufacturing percussive caps, and experimented with the Hale Rocket. A large civilian workforce manufactured ammunition at the arsenal, and the site included a large military hospital.
<File:Arsenal>, Washington, D.C., north front. Interior court - group of officers in foreground LCCN2006683267.jpg\|Arsenal, north front. Interior court - group of officers in foreground <File:View> in arsenal yard, Washington, D.C., general view LCCN2004680124.jpg\|View in Arsenal Yard, general view <File:U.S>. Arsenal, Washington, D.C., north front, interior court LCCN2004680125.jpg\|U.S. Arsenal, Washington, D.C., north front, interior court <File:The> Washington Arsenal 34779v.jpg\|Cannons in 1862 in the Washington Arsenal <File:Arsenal> yard, Washington, D.C., from roof of model arsenal LCCN2006683266.jpg\|View from the roof of model arsenal <File:Washington>, D.C. Park of Wiard guns at the Arsena 03649v.jpg\|Park of Wiard guns at the Arsenal <File:Washington>, D.C. Wiard 6-pdr. gun at the Arsenal LOC cwpb.04276.jpg\|Washington, D.C. Wiard 6-pdr. gun at the Arsenal <File:Wiard> 6 lb. guns, Washington arsenal. Excelsior brigade - NARA - 524572.jpg\|Wiard 6 lb. guns, Washington arsenal. Excelsior brigade <File:Arsenal> Grounds, Washington, D.C. (4172423586).jpg\|Arsenal Grounds <File:Batteries> of field pieces in arsenal, Washington, D.C. LCCN91787180.jpg\|Batteries of field pieces in the Arsenal
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# Fort Lesley J. McNair
## History
### The Civil War {#the_civil_war}
During the Civil War, women worked in an ammunition factory at the Washington Arsenal as it served the Union. Many lower-class women---including Irish immigrants---needed wages, especially after male relatives went to war. Women were believed to have nimble fingers, attention to detail, and a tendency to neatness suitable for rolling, pinching, tying, and bundling cartridges with bullets and black powder. Wounded Civil War soldiers were also treated at the Arsenal in a hospital next to the penitentiary that was built prior to the war in 1857.
#### Accident
On 17 June 1864, fireworks left in the sun outside a cartridge room ignited, killing twenty-one women, many of whom burned to death in flammable hoop skirts. The War Department paid for their funerals, and President Abraham Lincoln attended the joint funeral procession. A monument at Congressional Cemetery commemorates these women. In memory of the many Irish victims, the Irish foreign minister Eamon Gilmore laid a wreath at the Congressional Cemetery memorial in 2014 to commemorate the accident\'s 150th anniversary.
#### Lincoln conspirators\' trial {#lincoln_conspirators_trial}
Following the defeat and surrender of the Confederate States of America in the spring of 1865 to end the war, John Wilkes Booth assassinated Lincoln in retribution. Following Booth\'s death at the hands of Federal troops in Port Royal, Virginia, his conspirators were then apprehended and imprisoned in the Washington Arsenal penitentiary. After being found guilty by a military tribunal, four were hanged in the yard of the penitentiary, and the rest received prison sentences. Among those hanged at what would become Fort McNair was Mary Surratt, the first woman ever executed under federal orders. The military tribunal tried the conspirators in a complex that is known as Ulysses S. Grant Hall. This hall periodically holds public open houses. Each quarter of the hall is open to the public, and people can visit the courtroom and learn more about the trials.
The arsenal was closed in 1881, and the post was transferred to the Quartermaster Corps.
<File:Execution> Lincoln assassins.jpg\|Execution of Mary Surratt, Lewis Powell, David Herold, and George Atzerodt on July 7, 1865 <File:Execution> of Lincoln Assassination Conspirators. Taken from roof of the Arsenal. (5616542156).jpg\|An alternate view of the execution, taken from the roof of the Arsenal
### Walter Reed {#walter_reed}
A general hospital, the predecessor to the Walter Reed Army Medical Center, was located at the post from 1898 until 1909. Major Walter Reed found the area\'s marshlands an excellent site for his research on malaria. Reed\'s work contributed to the discovery of the cause of yellow fever. Reed died of peritonitis after an appendectomy at the post in 1902. The post dispensary and the visiting officers\' quarters now occupy the buildings where Reed worked and died.
### 20th century {#th_century}
From December 1901 to March 1903, Engineer officer Frederic Vaughan Abbot served on a panel that reported on the feasibility of establishing the United States Army War College at Washington Barracks and reconstructing the site so it could host the headquarters of the Chief of Engineers and the Engineer School. In 1904, the War College\'s first classes were conducted at Roosevelt Hall, the iconic building designed by the architectural firm of McKim, Mead and White. About 90% of the present buildings on the post\'s 100 acre were built, reconstructed, or remodeled by 1908. During World War I, Washington Barracks and the sub‑posts at Camp Leach and Camp A. A. Humphreys, were commanded by Abbot and were home to the school for Engineer officers and the site for enlisting and organizing divisional Engineer regiments for service in France.
The Army Industrial College was founded at McNair in 1924 to prepare officers for high-level posts in Army supply organizations and study industrial mobilization. It evolved into the Industrial College of the Armed Forces. The post was renamed Fort Humphreys in 1935 -- a name previously assigned to today\'s Fort Belvoir. The Army War College was reorganized as the Army-Navy Staff College in 1943 and became the National War College in 1946. The two colleges became the National Defense University in 1976.
The post was renamed in 1948 to honor Lieutenant General Lesley J. McNair, commander of army ground forces during World War II, who was headquartered at the post and was killed during Operation Cobra near Saint-Lô, France, on July 25, 1944. He was killed in an infamous friendly fire incident when errant bombs of the Eighth Air Force fell on the positions of 2nd Battalion, 120th Infantry, where McNair was observing the fighting. Fort McNair has been the headquarters of the Military District of Washington since 1966.
### Proposed buffer zone {#proposed_buffer_zone}
In 2020, the Department of Defense and Army Corps of Engineers proposed a permanent restricted area of about 250 feet to 500 feet into the Washington Channel along the fort\'s western bank outlined by buoys and warning signs. This proposal was met with resistance from D.C. city leaders as it would limit access of up to half of the heavily used waterway. In January 2021, the NSA intercepted communications from the Iranian Revolutionary Guard that threatened mounting suicide boat attacks on Fort McNair similar to those used in the USS *Cole* bombing. The communications also revealed threats to kill Vice Chief of Staff of the Army General Joseph M. Martin and plans to infiltrate and surveil the installation. This contributed to calls to establish the buffer zone and continue increased security. During a March 2021 House Transportation & Infrastructure hearing on a bill prohibiting such a restriction on the Channel, it was noted that the rule, which did not propose the construction of a fence or blast wall, seemed designed to safeguard the views of \"rich generals\' houses\".
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# Fort Lesley J. McNair
## History
### 6 January 2021, United States Capitol attack {#january_2021_united_states_capitol_attack}
During the January 6 United States Capitol attack, the senior Congressional leadership was evacuated from the Capitol building to Fort McNair, about two miles away. The Democratic Party leaders evacuated included House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and her senior associates Steny Hoyer and James Clyburn. Incoming Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer was also evacuated.
Senior Senate Republicans evacuated to Fort McNair included outgoing Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell and Senators Chuck Grassley and John Thune. House Republican leaders evacuated to Fort McNair included House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy and Steve Scalise.
## Current status {#current_status}
Fort McNair is today part of the Joint Base Myer--Henderson Hall, the headquarters of the Army\'s Military District of Washington, and serves as home to the National Defense University, as well as the official residence of the Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army.
The fort\'s flat greenspace, which is only three miles from the White House, is frequently used as a landing zone for Marine One when the White House South Lawn is unavailable for that purpose.
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# Fort Lesley J. McNair
## Tenants
### National Defense University (NDU) {#national_defense_university_ndu}
The National Defense University represents a significant concentration of the defense community\'s intellectual resources. Initially established in 1976, the university includes the National War College and the Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy (formerly the Industrial College of the Armed Forces) at Fort McNair, and the Joint Forces Staff College in Norfolk, Virginia. These and other schools are separate entities, but their close affiliation enhances the exchange of faculty expertise and educational resources, promotes interaction among students and faculty, and reduces administrative costs. The National War College and the Eisenhower School concentrate on preparing civilian and military professionals in national security strategy, decision-making, joint and combined warfare, and the resource component of national strategy. The Joint Forces Staff College, established under the Joint Chiefs of Staff in 1946, prepares selected officers for joint and combined duty.
In 1990, the Information Resources Management College was formed as the capstone institution for Defense Information Resource Management education. As such, it provides graduate-level courses in information resources management. The National Defense University also features a first-rate research capability through the Institute for National Strategic Studies. This institute, established in 1984, conducts independent policy analyses and develops policy and strategy alternatives. It also includes a War Gaming and Simulation Center and the NDU Press.`{{fact|date=April 2025}}`{=mediawiki}
The university has several other educational programs. These include the Capstone program, for general and flag officer selectees; the International Fellows program, which brings NDU almost 100 participants from 50 different countries; and the Reserve Components National Security Course, which offers military education to senior officers of the armed forces.`{{fact|date=April 2025}}`{=mediawiki}
### Inter-American Defense College (IADC) {#inter_american_defense_college_iadc}
The Inter-American Defense College is an advanced-studies institute for senior officers of the 25-member nations of the Inter-American Defense Board. Up to three students of the rank of colonel or the equivalent may be sent to the college by each member nation. The students\' backgrounds must qualify them to participate in the solution of hemispheric-defense problems.
The officers study world alliances and the international situation, the inter-American system and its role, strategic concepts of war, and engage in a planning exercise for hemispheric defense. The college has been at Fort McNair since 1962.
### United States Army Center of Military History (CMH) {#united_states_army_center_of_military_history_cmh}
In September 1998, the United States Army Center of Military History moved from rented offices in Washington, D.C., to Fort McNair in historically preserved quarters remodeled from its previous use as a commissary and before that as Fort McNair\'s stables. The center dated from the creation of the Army General Staff historical branch in July 1943 and the gathering of professional historians, translators, editors, and cartographers to record the history of World War II. That effort led to a monumental 79-volume series known as the \"Green Books.\"
Today, the center operates through four divisions. The histories division is the one most involved in writing the histories and providing historical research support to the Army staff. The field program and historical services guides work done at various posts and installations, as well as the work by deployed historical detachments for Army operations, ensures historical information is comprehensive and factual.
Another division is responsible for overseeing the Army museum system and preserving artifacts and artwork that are the army\'s historical treasure. One such museum, The Old Guard Museum, was located at Fort Myer until it was closed
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# Angela Manalang-Gloria
**Angela Manalang-Gloria** (1907--1995) was a Filipina poet who wrote in English.
## Early life {#early_life}
Angela Marie Legaspi Manalang was born on August 24, 1907, in Guagua, Pampanga to parents, Felipe Dizon Manalang (born in Mexico, Pampanga) and Tomasa Legaspi. However, their family later settled in the Bicol Region, particularly in Tabaco, Albay. She studied at St. Agnes Academy in Legaspi, where she graduated valedictorian in elementary. In her senior year, she moved to St. Scholastica\'s College in Malate, Manila, where her writing started to get noticed.
Angela Manalang was among the first generation female students at the University of the Philippines. Angela initially enrolled in law, as suggested by her father. However, with the advice of her professor C.V. Wickers, who also became her mentor, she eventually transferred to literature.
## Writing
It was also during her education at the University of the Philippines that she and poet, Jose Garcia Villa developed a lifelong rivalry. Both poets vied for the position of literary editor of *The Philippine Collegian*, which Manalang eventually held for two successive years. In her junior year, she was quietly engaged to Celedonio Gloria whom she married. She graduated summa cum laude with the degree of Ph.B. in March 1929.
After graduation, Manalang-Gloria worked briefly for the *Philippine Herald Mid-Week Magazine*. However, this was cut short when she contracted tuberculosis.
### Achievements
She was the author of *Revolt from Hymen*, a poem protesting against marital rape, which caused her denial by an all-male jury from winning the Philippine\'s Commonwealth Literary Awards in 1940. She was also the author of the poetry collection, *Poems*, first published in 1940 (and revised in 1950). The collection contained the best of her early work as well as unpublished poems written between 1934 and 1938. Her last poem, *Old Maid Walking on a City Street* can also be found in the collection. This book was her entry to the Commonwealth Literary Awards, losing to Rafael Zulueta y da Costa\'s verse *Like the Molave*.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
On March 11, 1945, her husband Celedonio and her son Ruben were attacked by a Japanese patrol in Alitagtag, Batangas. Though her husband died, Ruben was able to survive, yet his trauma had been so severe that he could not bring himself to recount the attack. This event left Manalang-Gloria a young widow with three children to support, which forced her to abandon writing and enter the abaca business, which she successfully managed
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# Silsden A.F.C.
**Silsden A.F.C.** is a football club based in Silsden, West Yorkshire, England, and is currently a member of the `{{English football updater|Silsden}}`{=mediawiki}.
## History
The first ever Silsden AFC was formed at a meeting at Silsden Liberal Club in September 1904. They adopted the blue & white playing kit that had been used by the recently defunct village rugby club, and a field adjacent to the original rugby field on Keighley Road was hired. It is amazing that the same field is used to this day with our brilliant new facilities and football ground. One of the prime movers behind the original Silsden club was Irish GP Dr. John Purcell. In their first season they won the prestigious Keighley Charity Cup at their first attempt and then went on to play in the Keighley & District League, which they first won in 1909, before joining the Bradford & District League for a short while. In the 1913--14 season they won the Charity Cup for the second time with a 3--2 success over Cullingworth. War disrupted the 1914--15 season, but Silsden lifted the Keighley League title again. 1921--22 was to prove a highly successful season for Silsden sides. Silsden FC started the season by absorbing Silsden White Star (they absorbed lots of other local sides around this period) won the Charity Cup again after a 3--0 victory over Skipton Christ Church. They then won it again the next year. Silsden were at this time among a number of local clubs wanting a higher grade of football in which to play and so became founder members of the West Riding County Amateur League. In 1922--23 they also entered the FA Amateur Cup for the first time, before moving on to the South Craven and then Airedale & Craven League. In all, they won the Charity Cup nine times, in 1904--05, 1913--04, 1921--22, 1923--24, 1931--32, 1933--44, 1934--35, 1935--36, 1939--40. Their league record was great, with championship wins in the Keighley & District League (1908--09, 1914--15, 1939--40) and Airedale & Craven League in 1931--32. In the 1933--34 season, Silsden beat Sutton to regain the Charity Cup. They also won the league cup (defeating Barnoldswick 5--2 in the final) and, for the first time, the Keighley & District FA Cup -- Cullingworth YMCA were thrashed 6--1 in the final at Lawkholme Lane.
At the end of the 1933--34 season, Silsden resigned from the Airedale & Craven League to join the senior division of the Bradford Amateur League, the reason being a desired increase in support and revenue. They were pipped for the title but at least the Charity Cup was won again, Sutton United defeated 3--2 Silsden returned to the Keighley League for the 1937--38 season. The gloomy economic climate at the time had seen many clubs go to the wall, and there is no doubt that Silsden were also feeling the pinch. Despite this the District Cup was won for only the second time, holders Guardhouse defeated 3--2. Silsden re-emerged in the Craven League following the war and then decided to step up again to the stronger Bradford Amateur League again. The 1951--52 season saw Silsden try their luck in the Wharfedale (Saturday) League. Eight years were spent in this league. Their switch to the Wharfedale League in 1951 was the start of a sustained period of success, although a league title would elude them for a little longer. A new dressing block at the Keighley Road ground was built, constructed from an old air raid shelter, with bathing accommodation added. This was described by one club official as 'undoubtedly the finest in the district' (not Pete Hanson). The 1951--52 campaign also saw the Keighley Cup return to Silsden, Sutton United defeated by a solitary Arthur Tillotson header in a tight final. The 1954--55 season at last proved successful, with the league title accompanying the Keighley Cup to Keighley Road -- and for the time being Silsden AFC were undoubtedly the top team in town.
Silsden\'s 1955--56 campaign proved to be highly successful. Guiseley were the only side to lower their colours in the league, but Silsden had the last laugh in the league cup final 7 days later -- winning 6--1. Steeton were the next to follow -- defeated 5--3 in the Keighley Cup final. Silsden then endured another lean period, the side replaced their own reserves in the increasingly popular Craven League in 1959, although 1962 saw the introduction of a Sunday team. Silsden\'s return to glory came during the 1963--64 season with a Craven League and Cup double and they were elected straight into the West Riding County Amateur League\'s top division for the 1964--65 campaign. They then ended Keighley Central\'s fine winning run in the District Cup, with a fine 3--1. The remaining years of the 1960s saw Silsden struggle badly in the County Amateur League. One notable end-of-season feature around this time was a Six-a-Side Tournament promoted by the club at Keighley Road. The most notable winners of this popular event were Colne Dynamoes in 1967. Things would change dramatically within a few years, and Silsden were about to embark on not only another highly successful era, but one which would prove to be the most controversial of any local team in history! When Keighley Cup holders Keighley Shamrocks withdrew from local football due to problems with their ground in the summer of 1969, the club\'s players moved 'en-masse' down the road to Silsden. Over the next decade the side would win the Keighley FA Cup seven times, and lift both West Riding County Amateur and West Yorkshire League titles. Yet, despite their immense success, events would transpire that would lead them to a self-inflicted downfall by the end of the 1970s. 1970--71 saw them defeat champions Luddendenfoot in the league cup final and then Keighley Central in the district final. The following season proved even more successful. Cowling were hammered 4--0 in the Keighley Cup final, and Silsden became the first side from the district to win the County Amateur League title, made even more pleasing by the fact that the reserve side had wrapped up their championship for the second successive season. The reserves also won their league cup competition, but the main talking point from their camp was a 7--1 thrashing of nearest challengers Liversedge in January, when Derek Hobson scored all seven! Silsden made a poor start to the defense of their County Amateur League title and had to settle for second place behind Luddendenfoot at the end of the 1972--73 season. Unfortunately this heralded the start of the club\'s problems as they were then expelled from the league and fined £10 for refusing to play a league cup final against Lower Hopton on the specified date. Silsden claimed that they were unable to play due to injuries, and the fact that six members of the team were due to travel to Wembley to watch the Leeds United/Sunderland FA Cup final -- leaving the club with only seven players available.
The club was therefore forced to find another league in which to play. It was hoped that a step up to the Yorkshire League might be possible, but instead a place was found in the West Yorkshire League -- albeit one step below the premier, in division one. Silsden proved too strong for their opponents in their new league. Silsden wrapped up their league and cup double. Another double came Silsden\'s way when Westfield Rovers (Shipley) were defeated 5--2 in the District Cup final, and Steeton Reserves were thrashed 8--1 in the Keighley Supplementary Cup final. Silsden were not invited to join the premier division so they had to play in division 1 for a further season. As expected, they shot straight to the top of the league again at the start of the 1974--75 season. Their 49 match unbeaten league run ended when Ansons Sports defeated them at the end of March, but by then the title was already a formality. The Keighley Cup, as expected, was retained -- Westfield Rovers going down 5--0 to the favourites. Another successful campaign was made even sweeter when the West Yorkshire League at last allowed them access to their premier division. The 1975--76 campaign did not signal the end of Silsden\'s success. With former Welsh International Trevor Hockey assisting Ian Patrickson with coaching duties, the side carried on where they left off. They won their third successive league title, their fourth in five seasons, and their first (and ultimately last) West Yorkshire Premier League title. To cap this, Silsden Reserves also won their league and Bingley Juniors were defeated in the Keighley & District FA Cup final. However, history was to repeat itself. Following incidents between Silsden and Fryston players at the league\'s end of season presentation evening, Silsden were expelled from the West Yorkshire League! Silsden were again left without a league to play in. Following a successful application to the West Riding County Amateur League, they were forgiven for their past sins and accepted back into that league -- albeit a step backwards again as a place in division one, and not the premier division. So Silsden began the 1976--77 campaign at square one again. Phoenix Park pipped them for the first division title, although Silsden did at least lift the division one league cup, as well as the Keighley Cup, with victory over Crosshills in the final. With both Trevor and Alan Hockey in fine form, Silsden made no mistake the following year as they swept to the County Amateur League\'s first division championship, and retained their league cup and District Cup titles. Silsden\'s reserves also wrapped up their second successive County Amateur reserve division section, but storm clouds were gathering.
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# Silsden A.F.C.
## History
Despite having been officially promoted to the premier division of the County Amateur League, Silsden were once again thrown out of the league at a later management meeting for 'violent and abusive conduct by players and officials both on and off the field'. As if a third expulsion in six years, and such damning accusations against the club were not enough, the club then saw their facilities taken from them by the trustees of the ground. So Sunday team Silsden United were installed as tenants and they became the new Silsden AFC. Silsden AFC reformed their Saturday team in time for the 1980--81 season. They were accepted into the first division of the Craven League, gaining promotion at the first attempt, and their 1981--82 campaign almost brought them the premier division championship. They were prevented from lifting the title on goal-difference. They were re-admitted to the County Amateur League for the 1983--84 campaign and were elected to division one. Twelve months later, the name of Silsden was back on the Keighley Cup, defeating Crosshills 3--1 in the final.
Although they had just become the first side to win both Keighley Saturday and Sunday Cups in the same season, Silsden were denied promotion to the County Amateur\'s premier division for just a little while longer following their third place at the end of the 1984--85 season. At least they had managed to avoid controversy. Silsden achieved promotion to the premier division at the end of the 1985--86 campaign, but they struggled at the foot of the table during the 1987--88 season, eventually finishing second from bottom. The loss of Andy Geary for part of the season was a telling factor. By Christmas 1988 they had resigned from the league. Rooted to the bottom of the table after having already pulled the plug on their reserve side, the club cited a lack of youngsters coming through as the main cause of their demise. The 'new' Silsden had lasted only a decade, during which time they had risen to the same level at which their predecessors had achieved considerable success. During the intervening seven years, and despite considerable success on Sundays, Silsden was again without a senior Saturday team. However, Silsden Juniors, fielding teams at all age groups in local junior leagues was building in strength, and when its under 16 team decided to stay together rather than join other local clubs, the time was right to start a new chapter in the history of Silsden AFC. When Silsden AFC re-joined the Craven & District League at the start of the 1996--97 season there were high hopes that past glories could be equalled. Only one team in history from Keighley had ever won the County Cup -- Keighley Central in 1968, but that was about to change! Since 1996 it is fair to say that Silsden AFC have rewritten the record books. The amazing run of success enjoyed by the club has far outstripped that enjoyed by previous 'great' Silsden sides, and at the point of the centenary there was no doubt that Silsden AFC were far and away the top amateur club in the county. Andy Geary as manager took the side to new heights, ably backed by assistant Mick Hook and the strong committee which formed, behind the team.
Commencement of development of new ground at Keighley Road, Silsden started in July 2010 and was finished in August 2010. We were privileged to play host to Fleetwood Town (2015) which drew in a crowd of over 300 and Bradford City (2011) in our first pre-season friendly before 1,125 spectators! That league season saw us get off to a slow start, despite playing the first seven league games all at HOME! We eventually got a settled side after Christmas and finished a creditable 12th position, with 57 points and a zero goal difference (59--59). After a very good season in 2014--15 when we finished 10th with 56 points from 40 games. The 2015--16 season was very disappointing. After a very poor first half to the season, James Gill and Danny Forrest took over and despite being fairly successful we were relegated. Last season we started well then slumped and after Danny Forrest took over we finished very strongly. 2016--17 was a season of consolidation. Bringing in players both young and experienced to stabilise things and prepare for a successful 2017--18 season. So on to the 2017--18 season, and what a great record breaking season it was!! We started like a house on fire with 18 victories in the first 18 games! A league record. We finished off by winning the Division by four clear points. We accumulated a record 103 points and also scored the most goals ever by a team winning the league -- 110. The 2018--19 season saw us start very well and were top of the Premier Division late September. We then had a spell of injuries which left us short of experienced players and the team were greatly affected by this. We slumped to below half way but made a very good recovery and finished a creditable 9th position. The 2019--20 season saw us move laterally to the North Counties East Football League.
## Current squad {#current_squad}
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# Silsden A.F.C.
## Stadium
During their earlier years in the North West Counties League they played their home games at Cougar Park, home of the rugby league club Keighley Cougars. However, in early 2010 plans were put in place to upgrade their former ground in Silsden. With the help of the Football Foundation, Sports England and Asda Foundation, committee of the club, of Silsden Cricket Club and of players plus the generosity of sponsors and local businesses, their dream came true when they returned in time for the start of the 2010--11 season. Floodlights, a stand, new dugouts, coffee hut, pay-hut, walkway, perimeter fencing and barriers were all put in place to complement the newly erected £1.2 million Sports Club which houses 6 changing rooms, two referees\' rooms, a physiotherapy room and a function room.
For the start of the 2012--13 season saw the name of stadium change to Angel Telecom Stadium following a five-year sponsor package with the Bradford-based telecommunications company.
For the 2016--17 season the stadium was renamed \"The Cobbydale Construction Stadium\" to coincide with a generous annual sponsorship deal by local builders Cobbydale Construction.
In 2016 the club again made ground improvements including new outside toilets and a new hospitality area named the \'1904 Lounge\' tracing the clubs routes back to its original formation.
In early 2017 the club built state of the art dug-outs to complement the completion of the exterior enclosure fencing.
For the 2020--21 season a new 100 seater stand was installed to replace the old wooden stand, and the following season the new 1904 hospitality suite, with bar and catering facilities, separate from the clubhouse, replaced the old Portacabin facility.
2022 saw local firm Office Interiors Wholesale become the new stadium sponsor
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# Nomads United
**Nomads United** is an association football club based in Casebrook, Christchurch, New Zealand. The club competes in the Southern League, the second tier of New Zealand football. Founded in 1910, the club play their home games at Tulett Park. It won its first major honour, The English Cup in 1914 and have since won it 10 more times.
## History
Nomads were a prominent team in early New Zealand football, reaching the later rounds of the Chatham Cup on several occasions and reaching the final in 1931. Though no longer the force they were in the early years of organised football in the country, the team again reached the final in 1963, although their best result in recent years has been to reach the quarter-finals in 2007.
Nomads United was founded in 1910 as Nomads FC in eastern Christchurch with an original intention of operating from temporary headquarters in one suburb after another, to foster local interest in the sport. At the time, football was in its infancy in New Zealand, with Nomads being only the fourth club founded in the South Island. The club colours of red, white, and blue date from these early days and were taken in honour of the then colours of prominent English team Chelsea.
Nomads had several home grounds during their early years, including English Park, Richmond Park, and - after amalgamation with Shirley FC in the 1960s - Malvern Park and McFarlane Park in Shirley. For some time after this merger the team were known as Shirley/Nomads. The club moved from Shirley to Casebrook in 1969, settling permanently at Tulett Park, and in 1972 the club changed its name to Nomads United AFC. In 1975 a women\'s team was added to the roster of teams at Nomads United. Despite financial problems during the early 1980s, Nomads United have survived and remain the second-oldest team in the Christchurch area. In 2021 Nomads United were promoted to the Southern League where they remain currently.
## Players
## Honours
Type Competition Titles Seasons
-------------- ------------------------- -------- ------------------------------------------------------------------
**Domestic** Canterbury Championship 1 2016
English Cup 11 1914, 1916, 1919, 1920, 1922, 1924, 1960, 1962, 1963, 2006, 2008
: Nomads A.F.C
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# Geoff Millman
**Geoffrey Millman** (2 October 1934 -- 6 April 2005) was an English cricketer who played in six Tests for England from 1961 to 1962.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Millman was born in Bedford, Bedfordshire, England and educated at Bedford Modern School. He was a good wicket-keeper, who came out of Minor Counties cricket with Bedfordshire, to become Nottinghamshire\'s regular keeper in 1957, and stayed for nine seasons. In a weak team that finished out of the bottom three of the County Championship only once in those nine years, Millman kept wicket to what was, almost invariably, the weakest county bowling attack of the period, and still managed to set county records. His 85 dismissals in 1961 was at the time the highest in a single season for Nottinghamshire.
Millman was also a useful right-handed batsman, scoring 1,000 runs in two seasons. In a county side where there were frequent personnel changes, he batted in most positions, often opening the innings. From 1963 to 1965 he was county captain, and in his first year, with the side buoyed by the newly acquired Brian Bolus, Nottinghamshire finished ninth. Two years later, though, they were back at the bottom and Millman resigned the captaincy and left first-class cricket, returning to Bedfordshire and his business interests.
Millman\'s Test match career was brief. In 1961--62, Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) sent a somewhat unbalanced side, strong in batting but rather weak in bowling, on a four-month tour of India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, then called Ceylon. Millman was picked as second wicketkeeper to John Murray, but Murray did not do well in the first three Tests against India. Millman, praised by *Wisden* for his \"quiet efficiency\", stepped in for the final two Indian Tests and, when Murray flew home for an operation on varicose veins after the first Test in Pakistan, returned for the last two matches in the series there as well.
He made enough of an impression to be picked for the first two home Tests against Pakistan in the 1962 season, before giving way to Murray for the rest of the series. Murray and Alan Smith were then picked for the 1962--63 Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) tour of Australia and New Zealand, and Millman\'s chance never came again.
In retirement, he ran the family jewellery business in Bedford. He died in his hometown in April 2005, aged 70
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# The Peoples Church of East Lansing
**The Peoples Church of East Lansing** is an interdenominational Protestant congregation located in the city of East Lansing, Michigan. It is officially a member of (in alphabetical order) the American Baptist Churches USA, the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), the United Church of Christ, and the United Methodist Church. The congregation\'s membership currently numbers around 1,300.
Peoples Church preschool offers a NAEYC accredited nature-based curriculum to families of all faiths.
## History
The congregation known as The Peoples Church of East Lansing began in 1907 as People\'s Congregational Church; as indicated by the name, the congregation was in the Congregationalist tradition. The congregation was the only church in East Lansing, Michigan, which was home to the State Agricultural College of Michigan, which would later become Michigan State University.
In 1924, the congregation made the decision to dissolve its organization and reincorporate as \"The People\'s Church (Interdenominational)\" (the name would be altered to its current form, sans apostrophe, later). The founding denominational partners in this reincorporation were the local association of Congregational Churches, the Methodist Episcopal Church, the Northern Baptist Convention, and the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America. (Each of these four denominations went through mergers or name changes since 1924, resulting in the current four denominational partners). The re-incorporation of the congregation as fully part of four denominations was one of the earliest such attempts at an interdenominational congregation in the United States, and was thus dubbed \"The Great Experiment\" by then-pastor Newell McCune. The explicit mission of the congregation stated in the 1924 Articles of Agreement was ministry to the students and faculty of (what was at that point) Michigan Agricultural College.
In 1927, the congregation completed their current church building, located at 200 W. Grand River Ave., on the border of the (recently renamed) Michigan State College campus. The congregation remained the only church in East Lansing until 1940, when St. Thomas Aquinas Catholic Church was formed.
By the mid-1960s, The Peoples Church spun off a daughter congregation on the opposite end of East Lansing. This was originally to be named Edgewood Peoples Church and also affiliated with all four denominations, but in the end would be named Edgewood United Church, affiliated with just the United Church of Christ.
In 1965, the church building suffered a massive fire that originated in the pipe organ. By cutting holes in the sanctuary roof to allow the hot gasses to escape, firefighters were able to save the rest of the building (which surrounded the sanctuary on two sides). Following the fire, the interior of the sanctuary was remodeled in a more contemporary style, including the creation of a prominent stained glass window above the Chancel. During reconstruction an addition was also built to house new church offices.
Around 1988, the southwest corner of the bell tower was struck by lightning and severely damaged. An excellent restoration was soon completed, making the tower good as new, though a close inspection will reveal that the replacement bricks are of a slightly lighter color, perhaps due to their lack of age.
### Senior Pastors {#senior_pastors}
- The Rev. F.W. Corbett (Methodist Episcopal), 1907-09
- The Rev. Robert Goldsmith (Presbyterian), 1909-11
- The Rev. William S. Steenma (Congregationalist), 1910-16
- The Rev. James T. Jones (Congregationalist), 1916-17
- The Rev. Dr. Newell A. McCune (Methodist Episcopal), 1917-49
- The Rev. C. Brandt Tefft (Congregationalist / United Church of Christ), 1949-60
- The Rev. Dr. G. Wallace Robertson (Presbyterian), 1960-76
- The Rev. Dr. Jack Boelens (Presbyterian), 1977-79
- The Rev. Dr. Richard C. Devor (United Methodist), 1980-84
- The Rev. Dr. Richard E. Murdoch (Presbyterian), 1984-94
- The Rev. Michael L. Dunkelberger (Presbyterian), 1996-98
- The Rev. Dr. Harry H. Johnson (Presbyterian), 2000-2010
- The Rev. Dr. Andrew D. Pomerville (Presbyterian), 2011-2018
- The Rev. Dr. Shawnthea Monroe (United Church of Christ), 2019-present
## Current Life {#current_life}
While no longer, in some sense, *the* university church, The Peoples Church of East Lansing remains a prominent congregation in the Greater Lansing-East Lansing area.
The Peoples Church of East Lansing is the officially supported campus ministry to Michigan State University for both the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) and the United Church of Christ.
Current Pastoral Staff include:
- Rev. Dr. Shawnthea Monroe (United Church of Christ), *Senior Pastor*
- Rev. Penny Swartz (United Church of Christ), *Associate Pastor*
- Rev. Dr
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# Peter Parfitt
**Peter Howard Parfitt** (born 8 December 1936) is an English former cricketer. He attended Fakenham Grammar School, and King Edward VII Grammar School, in Kings Lynn, Norfolk.
The cricket correspondent Colin Bateman noted, \"he was a stocky, powerful left-handed batsman, happy to take on the quicks, and he made a dramatic impact in Test cricket despite his misgivings\".
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Parfitt was an all round sportsman, playing for Norwich City reserves at football, and cricket at Minor Counties level, before Middlesex offered him a playing contract.
Batting left-handed and bowling right-arm off-breaks, Parfitt played for Middlesex between 1956 and 1972, captaining the team from 1968 to 1970. He played in 37 Tests for England between 1962 and 1972, and was one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1963. He made four centuries in five consecutive Tests against Pakistan in 1962, but was used as a makeshift opener in the 1962--63 Ashes series in Australia and failed.
A left-handed batsman, right-arm off-break bowler and fine fielder, he was judged to be one of the most exciting strokemakers of his generation. Parfitt took over the captaincy at Middlesex when Fred Titmus stood down, but was not pleased to have only two seasons in charge, before Mike Brearley took over the role. He scored almost 27,000 runs in first-class cricket.
Parfitt retired from the sport at the age of 35, a decision he later regretted.
After cricket he ran a pub on the Lancashire/Yorkshire border, and later became involved in hospitality at Test matches. After selling that business, Parfitt became an after-dinner speaker
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# Parklands United
**Parklands United Sports Club** is a football club in Christchurch, New Zealand.
## History
Parklands United was first formed as *North Beach Soccer Club* in 1967. It was initially formed with the goal of playing social Sunday soccer against hotels and business houses in and around Christchurch. Former coach and administrator Gordon Patterson was one of those that helped run the club from its small hall on Beach Road in New Brighton, Christchurch, New Zealand. It attracted numerous players from the Parklands/Queenspark and New Brighton area and went on to grow and develop into a large size club by the mid-1990s, when the club changed its name to *Parklands United* in 1996. It was then that the clubhouse moved to its present location in Queenspark, Parklands, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Parklands made a brief appearance in South Island Division One North in 1996, reaching a club high 8th place in 1997 before falling back into division Two. The men currently play in the Canterbury Championship League, while the women\'s team play in the Canterbury Womens Championship.
## Colours and badge {#colours_and_badge}
The club\'s colours are black and yellow.
## Notable Club officials {#notable_club_officials}
- President: Debbie Newman
- Vice President: Peter Skinley
- Secretary: Sam Bradley
- Club Captain: Ryan Bodger
- Treasurer: Nick James
- Head Football Coach: Gerard Brown
## Records
- League victory: 6-0 vs. Ashburton, 1998
- League defeat: 1-7 vs. Northern Hearts, 1998
- Cup Win: 2-1 vs. Waimakariri United, 2015
- Cup Loss: 0-11 vs
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# Rangiora AFC
**Rangiora AFC** was a football club in Rangiora, New Zealand. In 2009, Rangiora AFC and Kaiapoi FC merged to form Waimak United FC
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# Jamkaran
**Jamkaran** (*جمكران*) is a neighborhood in the city of Qom in the Central District of Qom County, Qom province, Iran.
## Demographics
### Population
At the time of the 2006 National Census, Jamkaran\'s population was 8,368 in 1,747 households, when it was a village in Qanavat Rural District. After the census, Jamkaran was annexed to the city of Qom.
## Overview
Jamkaran is located on the outskirts of Qom, and is the site of the Jamkaran Mosque, a popular pilgrimage site for Shia Muslims from all over the world. Shia belief has it that the Mahdi---the Twelfth Shia Imam, a figure from Shia eschatology who will lead the world to an era of universal peace---once appeared and offered prayers at Jamkaran.
On Tuesday evenings large crowds of thousands gather at Jamkaran to pray and to drop a note to the Imam in a well at the site, asking for help with some problem
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# Len Coldwell
**Leonard John Coldwell** (10 January 1933 -- 6 August 1996) was an English cricketer, who played in seven Tests for England from 1962 to 1964. Coldwell was a right-arm fast-medium bowler who was, for a few years in the early to mid-1960s, half of a respected and feared new-ball partnership in English county cricket. With his bowling partner Jack Flavell, Coldwell was the attacking force behind the unprecedented success of Worcestershire which brought the county its first successes in the County Championship in 1964 and 1965.
In 1961, Coldwell took 140 wickets and finished sixth in the national averages; the following year, his best, he took 152 wickets and was fourth.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Born in Newton Abbot, Coldwell was a Devonian who played Minor Counties cricket before being signed by Worcestershire in 1955. Coldwell bowled mainly in-swingers and varied both pace and line depending on the stance of the batsman. Inclined to be expensive in his early years, and one of a pack of medium to fast-medium bowlers competing to be Flavell\'s new-ball partner at Worcester, he came to the fore in 1960 when his rivals, Aldridge and Pearson, were accused of having suspect bowling actions. In 1961, Flavell and Coldwell bowled Worcestershire to fourth in the Championship, and Flavell was picked for Tests. In 1962, when Flavell was injured for part of the season, Coldwell bowled more than 1,100 overs and was himself picked for two Tests, and the county finished second, its highest ever position at that time.
In his first Test match against Pakistan at Lord\'s, Coldwell took the wicket of Imtiaz Ahmed in his first over and finished with three wickets for 25 runs in the first innings, following that up with six for 85 in the second innings. His haul of 9 for 110 was his best Test return. Despite this, he was replaced by Brian Statham for the next Test, and not recalled until the last game of the five-match series, where he took four further wickets. His 13 wickets at an average of under 18 runs per wicket put him at the head of England\'s bowling averages for the season.
He toured Australia and New Zealand in 1962--63, but was less successful there, playing in three Tests but taking only five wickets. In 1963, Coldwell was injured early in the season, and took only 21 wickets. Returned to fitness in 1964, Coldwell took 98 wickets at 15.48 each and was second in the national averages as Worcestershire won the Championship for the first time; he also played in the first two Tests against Australia, playing alongside Flavell in a Test match for the only time in the first match at Trent Bridge. He took only four wickets in the two Tests, and was dropped. He never played Test cricket again.
Coldwell was an important part of the Worcestershire side that retained the Championship in 1965. But he was increasingly affected by hip and knee injuries, and his wicket tally declined across the later 1960s, and he retired during the 1969 season, returning to Devon.
Coldwell was not much of a batsman: in 15 years of first-class cricket, he failed to reach 40 runs in an innings.
Coldwell died in Teignmouth, Devon in August 1996, at the age of 63
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# Western A.F.C.
**Western A.F.C.** is a semi-professional association football club in Christchurch, New Zealand. They compete in the Robbie\'s Premier Football League.
## History
### 1913--1920
Western A.F.C kicked off in 1913 when a small group of keen soccer players at West Christchurch District High School decided to start a team.
The few boys who had played soccer at primary school trained the rest of the team, many of whom had never even seen soccer played before. They challenged St. Bedes for their first game, and in so doing, defied and angered the headmaster, who threatened to expel one of their organisers, Jim Barr. That first team included George Lockwood, Jim Barr, Jack Wilkinson, Eric Nicols, Eric Johnson, Jeff McCree, Jim Smith, and Bob Burgess.
The first year they played as West Christchurch District High against a few other schools, but as the headmaster refused to allow the team to use the school\'s name for Association games on Saturdays, they used the name 'Swifts' from 1914. Although receiving no assistance from the school, the team was helped by the Canterbury Football Association, and went on to win the Schools' Saturday Competition in 1914. The victory helped to change the headmaster\'s mind about the team to the extent that he allowed the school\'s name to be engraved on the trophy.
In 1915 the team changed its name from Swifts to Western A.F.C., and in doing so, changed the team strip from black jersey with a red sash, to a black jersey with the school monogram.
Western first tasted success by winning the Hurley Shield in both 1918 and 1919 (at that time presented to the Junior competition winners), and were duly promoted to the Senior Competition in 1920.
As many of the players had by now left West Christchurch District High, it was decided to open team membership to players from outside the school to keep the team going.
Some of the players who continued their involvement with the club in these early years were J. Smith, A. Andrews, C.J. Hoy and W. Whittington. The club\'s patron was F.D. Waller, who donated the Waller Medal, presented to the most helpful junior player each year.
One of the club\'s strongest supporters at this time was George Smith, father of the Smith boys, who feature prominently in the club\'s history. The first President of the club was E.H. Andrews, who later became Mayor of Christchurch.
By 1920, in just a few years existence, Western was well established as a top senior club in Christchurch, with a well assured future.
### 1921--1930 {#section_1}
Their first taste of cup final play arrived in 1923, when they reached the English Cup knock-out final against the very experienced Rangers team. After ninety minutes of very exciting football, the score was 1--1, so a replay was set. The replay was won by Rangers,1--0.
In spite of this defeat, and after being unplaced in the 1924 season, Western went on to win the English Cup in 1925, by beating another top side then -- Nomads, 2--0. This seemed to be the start of a roll for the club.
In 1926, they beat Nomads in the Charity Shield, which was played between the winners of the Hurley Shield and the English Cup holders.
In 1928, the club had its best year to date, winning the Senior Competition for the first time. As Hurley Shield winners, they had reached the top in Christchurch football.
They had another good year in 1930, being runners-up in the Hurley Shield again, as well as joint holders of the English Cup with Thistle, another very good club side of this era.
### 1931--1940 {#section_2}
Two Western teams were entered in the senior Competition, and a third grade team played also. It was decided to hold training at Bucketts Gym on Monday nights at a cost of 9d per person, and to raise funds by means of a club raffle.
The first season of the decade ended with Western winning the Charity Cup and the English Cup.
1935 saw the Club back to its winning form with the Senior team taking both the Hurley Shield and the English Cup.
This was merely a buildup to 1936 when the team not only retained both these prizes, but also the biggest prize, the Chatham Cup, making them the top team in New Zealand. This was the highlight of Western\'s career to date. In the same year, the club also took the 5th Grade Cup and the Sevicke Jones Cup. Six players were members of the Canterbury team and two, Stan Cawtheray and Merv Gordon also played for New Zealand. The Chatham Cup was played against Thistle of Auckland, Western winning by 3 goals to 2. The trophy was presented by the Governor General, Viscount Galway, in front of a crowd of 4000 people. No-one was more proud than Doug Pearston, Club Captain and selector and trainer of the team, comprising S. Cathway, J. White, W. Ives, A. McMillan, G.Roberts, C. Hall, W. White, G. Ellis, G. Smith, R. Henderson and M. Gordon. Western has also faced Thistle in the English Cup final, winning 5--0. Western had played the entire season without a single defeat.
### 1941--1950 {#section_3}
The 1942 season started with Western beating Nomads 7--1 with Jack Smith scoring 6. Also of note was that George Roberts celebrated 21 years in Senior Football.
Western also set a new senior record beating Thistle 18--3 with the Smiths combining to score 15 goals.
1945 was a great year for Western winning the Chatham Cup 4--3 against Marist of Wellington in extra time at the Basin Reserve. Western also won the Senior Championship scoring 72 goals and conceding only 19.
Four Smith brothers were chosen to represent Canterbury, Gordon, Jack and Roger from Western and Vic from Technical. Also representing Western are G. Graham, M Gordon and G. Anderson.
South Africa toured N.Z in June 1947. Merv Gordon and Gordon Smith selected from Western to represent New Zealand. However N.Z lost all four tests.
1948 was another good year for Western going through the Hurley Shield Senior Competition unbeaten, winning all 14 games, scoring 61 goals and conceding 15. A. Laing, C. Anderson, M. Gordon, R. Dowker, G. Smith, R. Smith and G. Graham were chosen to represent Canterbury.
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# Western A.F.C.
## History
### 1951--1960 {#section_4}
The decade between 1950 and 1960 was without doubt the best decade that the club experienced.
Western had no less than 26 players who represented Canterbury and eight players representing their Country, they won the Hurley Shield eight times and the English Cup nine times, reached the Chatham Cup finals on three occasions, winning it twice and losing the other. The two seasons they didn\'t win the Hurley Shield they ended up runners-up in this competition.
Other cups won were the Charity Cup and McFarlane Cup and assorted Junior trophies.
### 1961--1970 {#section_5}
1961 After winning the Hurley Shield first division championship the previous eight seasons, Western\'s domination of Christchurch soccer ended with a whimper in 1961, when it finished second from bottom.
In June of 1961, the club announced it had purchased its own ground in St. Albans for a cost of £1500.
1962 Western bounced back to win the championship in 1962 in the closest and most exciting finish in its history. Western, Nomads, and Shamrock were all level on points before the final round, in which Western met Nomads in the feature match at English Park. Shamrock beat City 4--2 in the curtain-raiser, and Western\'s hopes looked dashed when Nomads took a 2--1 lead five minutes from the finish of the main match. But Terry Haydon equalised, and 18-year-old Martin Clements, in his first senior season, scored in the final seconds to make it 3--2 -- and Western had beaten Shamrock for the title by 0.125 of a goal.
1964 This time Gwyn Evan\'s City team was the local champion, with Western hot on its heels most of the season. A highlight for the club was the selection of forward Derek Torkington for the New Zealand team which played the touring Swiss club FC Basel, and then as the only South Islander in the New Zealand team that made a world tour at the end of the season. This was also the team\'s last season in black shirts with white sleeves, before switching to today\'s present colours of red and white.
1966 Although Western finished second behind City again (this time by five points), it was a memorable year -- the last time Western reached the Chatham Cup final. After beating City 2--1 in the local final, it beat Nelson Rangers 2--0 and St Kilda 3--1 (after a 1--1 draw) to reach the final. A shot which rolled in off the post early in the second half gave Miramar Rangers a 1--0 win in the final, watched by 4000 -- the best cup final crowd at the Basin Reserve for many years. However, it was regarded as a match Western was unlucky to lose -- in the first 15 mins Western had a shot cleared off the line, a goal disallowed, and a shot hit the post. The cup final team was: Dave Smith, Phil Frost, Terry Mann, Terry Haydon, Dave Almond, Tommy Langan, Chris Martin, Martin Clements, Tony Treadwell, Alan Brooks and Derek Torkington.
1967 Losing Martin, Haydon and Clements to City and Almond to Australia meant re-building for Western, which made gains in Andy Marshall as player-coach and Clive Rennie, who was a New Zealand representative against Manchester United this season
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# David Larter
**John David Frederick Larter** (born 24 April 1940, Inverness, Scotland) is a former Scottish cricketer, who played in ten Tests for England from 1962 to 1965.
The cricket writer, Colin Bateman, noted, \"David Larter was a complex character. There were days at Northampton when he just would not fancy bowling. But when the mood took him and his 6ft 7in physique was in perfect working order, he was a frighteningly good fast bowler, as a career record of 666 wickets at 19 apiece suggests\".
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
A six-foot seven-inch right arm fast bowler with a long run-up, Larter played his earliest cricket in England with Suffolk in the Minor Counties Championship, having been educated in the county at Framlingham College. He then qualified for Northamptonshire. He made his debut for Northamptonshire in 1960, and made such a favourable impression that he was picked for the non-Test playing tour of New Zealand that winter and proved the \"great success\" of the tour with 36 wickets for under 15 runs apiece. With the retirement of Tyson, Tribe and Manning, he became the county\'s leading wicket-taker in 1961 with 70 for 19.87 apiece in a summer unfavourable to bowlers.
The following season saw Larter improve even more to take over 100 wickets, including nine on his Test debut against Pakistan at the Oval. Larter bagged sixteen wickets in his first two Tests, and a long Test career appeared to beckon, although he was overlooked by the selectors during his most successful year of 1963 despite being the second most successful fast bowler after Trueman with 121 wickets for 16.75 apiece. Larter had become a regular tourist for England with his selection for the 1962/63 Ashes tour, and for the 1963/64 tour of India, but his Test appearances were limited by a succession of niggling injuries. In all, he took just 37 wickets at 25.43. His career was badly affected by an ankle injury picked up in Sydney on the 1965/66 tour of Australia and he retired after playing a few games for Northamptonshire in 1966 and 1969.
He took 666 first class wickets at 19.53 apiece. His best figures, 8 for 28, came in the second innings against Somerset at Northampton in 1965 after he had taken 4 for 28 in the first innings. In the next match, against Yorkshire at Headingley, Leeds, he took 5 for 43 and 7 for 37, giving him 24 for 136 in one week. Although Larter\'s batting was notoriously poor, he hit an unlikely unbeaten half century against Nottinghamshire at Trent Bridge in 1962, coming in at his usual number 11 and putting on a valuable last-wicket stand of 85 in an hour with Keith Andrew.
After retiring from cricket at the age of 29, he ran the family transport business before moving into company training
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# Local union
A **local union** (often shortened to **local**), in North America, or **union branch** (known as a **lodge** in some unions), in the United Kingdom and other countries, is a local branch (or chapter) of a usually national trade union. The terms used for sub-branches of local unions vary from country to country and include \"shop committee\", \"shop floor committee\", \"board of control\", \"chapel\", and others.
Local branches are organised to represent the union\'s members from a particular geographic area, company, or business sector. Local unions have their own governing bodies which represent the interests of the national union while at the same time responding to the desires of their constituents, and organise regular meetings for members. Local branches may also affiliate to a local trades council.
In the United States and Canada, local unions are usually numbered (e.g. CWA Local 2101 in Baltimore, Maryland or ILA Local 273 in Saint John, New Brunswick). In the United Kingdom, they are usually named by geographical location (e.g. Manchester Branch), but may also have a name and a number (e.g. Manchester No.2 Branch) or have a more specific name (e.g. Manchester Fitters Branch) if there is more than one branch in a town. Some unions (e.g. Transport and General Workers\' Union) number their branches as well as naming them.
In the British printing industry, union branches are traditionally divided into sub-branches known as \"chapels\", led by the Father of the Chapel. Each chapel represents members in a single printing works or department of a larger works
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# The Green Fields of Foreverland
***The Green Fields of Foreverland*** is the first studio album by Isobel Campbell\'s solo project, the Gentle Waves. It was released through Jeepster Records on 5 April 1999.
## Reception
Author Dave Thompson, in his book *Alternative Rock* (2000), wrote: \"Sparse pianos and flutes echo low (and Low) and anyone who thought \"Afterhours\" was the best thing the Velvets ever did will have a brand new friend indeed.\"
It peaked at number 30 on the UK Independent Albums Chart, as well as number 89 on the Scottish Albums Chart.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
## Personnel
Credits adapted from liner notes
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# Phil Sharpe (cricketer)
**Philip John Sharpe** (27 December 1936 -- 20 May 2014) was an English cricketer, who played in twelve Test matches from 1963 to 1969, and was one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1963. He played all of his county cricket for Yorkshire and Derbyshire, and played in Minor counties cricket for Norfolk. However he was despised by Geoff Boycott because of what Boycott perceived as his "social, rather weak and insipid attitude towards cricket".
The cricketing correspondent Colin Bateman remarked, \"Phil Sharpe was possibly unique in that he was selected by England for his exceptional catching ability in the slips.\"
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Born on 27 December 1936 at Shipley, West Yorkshire, Sharpe attended public school, Worksop College, in the 1950s where he scored a 240 not out against Wrekin in 1955, a batting record which still stands. Most of his first-class cricket career was spent with his home county, Yorkshire, but he later moved on to Derbyshire. He was renowned for his excellent slip fielding, which yielded him over 600 catches.
In 1963, Sharpe was picked by the selectors for his catching abilities to face the West Indies at Edgbaston. Although he was an accomplished and talented middle-order batsman, the England team had been guilty in previous matches of dropping crucial catches, particularly behind the wicket. However, after half a dozen mediocre performances, Sharpe was discarded until, in 1969, he was recalled for much the same reason as his original selection. He responded by taking a total of seventeen catches, batted more consistently, including recording his maiden Test century against New Zealand at Trent Bridge that same year, but he suffered from the fact that England had no upcoming winter tour. His twelfth and final Test was at The Oval in August 1969, though he played in the first Test against the Rest of the World in 1970 -- a match that at the time carried Test status. His Test average of 46.23 was better than many, before and since, who have spent longer in the national side.
Sharpe went on to win seven County Championships with Yorkshire. His catch, standing close in against the West Indies at Old Trafford in 1969, to dismiss Joey Carew was described by *Wisden*, in their classic style of understatement, as \"memorable\" though others thought it miraculous.
After his playing days were over, Sharpe served as an England Test selector. He died after a short illness on 20 May 2014
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# Brian Bolus
**John Brian Bolus** (31 January 1934 -- 7 May 2020) was an English cricketer who played in seven Test matches from 1963 to 1964. Cricket commentator Colin Bateman stated, \"Bolus was essentially an accumulator, dependably totting up 25,000 runs over 20 summers\".
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Bolus was born in Whitkirk, Leeds, Yorkshire. He learned his cricket with Whitkirk before moving to Leeds in 1953, and then to Bradford.
He began his first-class career in his native Yorkshire in 1956, playing for seven years. His first-class debut was Yorkshire versus M.C.C., at Lords, in 1956. He played 107 matches for Yorkshire, with a highest score of 146 not out against Hampshire at Portsmouth in 1960. His best bowling figures were 4 for 40 against Pakistan at Park Avenue in 1962.
He moved on to Nottinghamshire in 1963, after Yorkshire opted for a relative unknown, Geoffrey Boycott, who was six years younger. For Nottinghamshire he played 269 matches, with a highest score of 202 not out against Glamorgan at Trent Bridge in 1963, and best bowling figures of 2 for 24 against the West Indies, also at Trent Bridge in 1966. In his debut List A cricket match for Nottinghamshire against Yorkshire in 1963, he scored 100 not out in his team\'s total of only 159: the lowest all-out total to include a century in List A cricket\'s history. He was made county captain in 1972.
Bolus became the third player to be capped by three counties, and the first to captain two different county sides in successive seasons, when he moved to Derbyshire in 1973. He played 64 matches for Derbyshire, with a highest score of 151 against Oxford University at the Bass Worthington Ground in Burton upon Trent in 1975.
He twice scored more than one thousand runs in a season whilst playing for Yorkshire, as well as ten times for Nottinghamshire and twice for Derbyshire.
A solid county performer, particularly strong off his pads, his Test batting average of 41.33 is higher than his overall first-class average of 34.03. He was unlucky not to play more Tests, particularly after a strong tour of India in 1963/64. He hit the first ball he faced in Test cricket, bowled by Wes Hall, back over the bowler\'s head for four. He was unable to convert any of his four Test fifties to three figures, and found himself overtaken in the international reckoning by Geoff Boycott and John Edrich. Bolus does hold two unusual Test match records - the most Tests in a complete career without ever recording a single figure score (seven), and the most Test Match innings in a complete career without ever recording a single figure score (twelve).
In May 1975, Bolus asked to be relieved of the Derbyshire captaincy, and was replaced by Bob Taylor. Bolus effectively retired at the end of the 1975 season, with over 25,500 first-class runs to his name. However, he then appeared twice in the B and H cup at the start of the 1976 season. He became an England Test selector in the 1990s. After his first-class career he took an appointment with Gedling Council in Nottingham in 1976, while also playing for Bradford. Later he played for Cleckheaton, Brighouse and Farsley, leading the team to a Priestley Cup win in 1983. He was an Honorary Life Member of Whitkirk Cricket Club.
He is one of the small band of captains to send off one of his own players, dismissing the Derbyshire and England paceman Alan Ward from the Queen\'s Park, Chesterfield, ground in 1973 after Ward had declined to resume bowling.
In his later after dinner speech career, Bolus opened with the line, \"For those of you who saw me bat\... let me apologise\"
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# Don Wilson (cricketer)
**Donald Wilson** (7 August 1937 -- 21 July 2012) was an English cricketer, who played in six Test matches for England from 1964 to 1971. His first-class cricket career, which lasted from 1957 to 1974, was spent with Yorkshire County Cricket Club and he later became a noted cricket coach. He was born in Settle, Yorkshire and died at York.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Wilson made his first-class debut in 1957 but his regular cricket began two years later when he succeeded Johnny Wardle as Yorkshire\'s left-arm spinner, winning his Yorkshire cap in 1960. He was then an integral part of Yorkshire\'s formidable side that won seven County Championship titles between 1959 and 1968. He was tall and wiry, relying on bounce more than savage side spin, and took 100 wickets in a season five times, including three of the seven seasons he was part of the Championship-winning side. He also secured two hat-tricks in 1966.
Derek Underwood owned the left arm spinner\'s spot in the England side during Wilson\'s career, but he ventured abroad twice with the national team. He toured India in 1963--64, where he played all five Test matches, and to Australia and New Zealand in 1970--71, where he played against New Zealand, at the end of Ray Illingworth\'s successful Ashes campaign. He also played twice for England against the Rest of the World in 1970, after the cancellation of the South Africa tour. These were counted as full Test matches at the time, but were later stripped of their status.
Wilson retired from Yorkshire in 1974, disillusioned by Geoffrey Boycott\'s captaincy, and took up the role as the MCC\'s chief coach at Lord\'s, a position he held until 1991. He then continued his lifelong involvement in the game by returning to Yorkshire, as coach at Ampleforth College.
Wilson also played Bradford League Cricket for Manningham Mills In season 1979, along with Phil Sharpe, winning the Priestley Cup
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# Heinrich Kayser
**Heinrich Gustav Johannes Kayser** ForMemRS (`{{IPA|de|ˈkaɪzɐ|lang}}`{=mediawiki}; 16 March 1853 -- 14 October 1940) was a German physicist and spectroscopist.
## Biography
Kayser was born at Bingen am Rhein. Kayser\'s early work was concerned with the characteristics of acoustic waves. He discovered the occurrence of helium in the Earth\'s atmosphere in 1868 during a solar eclipse when he detected a new spectral line in the solar spectrum. In 1881, Kayser coined the word \"adsorption\". Together with Carl Runge, he examined the spectra of chemical elements. This included the determination of the wavelengths, brightness and sharpness of 4500 lines from the spectrum of iron, an element chosen to act as the standard, as well as 2000 lines for carbon, since iron was vaporised in a carbon arc. The work was later extended to other elements and they developed empirical formulas for the inverse of the wavelength of the type: $\lambda^{-1}=A+Bm^{-2}+Cm^{-4}$, where $A, B, C$ are constants and $m$ is any positive integer. However, these formulas were superseded by the one by Rydberg. After the conclusion of his collaboration with Runge, he seems to have mostly diverted his research from spectroscopy. In 1905, he wrote a paper on electron theory.
The kayser unit, associated with wavenumber, of the CGS system was named after him, with his early recognition of the importance of the inverse wavelength measurements in vacuum rather than in air cited as a reason. He died at Bonn in 1940.
## Works
- *Lehrbuch der Physik für Studierende* . Enke, Stuttgart 3rd ed. 1900 [Digital edition](http://nbn-resolving
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# Bridge and Tunnel (play)
***Bridge & Tunnel*** is a one-woman Broadway show, in which all of the roles are performed by stage actress Sarah Jones. Jones explores the diverse immigrant makeup of the New York City boroughs outside Manhattan by playing a variety of different characters, each of a different race. The play comprises a series of monologues, in which each character takes the stage during a poetry reading and ends up talking about his or her life.
The play premiered Off-Broadway at the 45 Bleecker Street Theater on February 19, 2004, and closed on August 15, 2004. It won the 2003--04 Obie Award, Outstanding Performance. The play opened on Broadway at the Helen Hayes Theatre on January 13, 2006, in previews, officially on January 26, 2006, and closed on August 6, 2006, after 213 performances. The play won the Special Tony Award at the 2006 Tony Awards
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# Sahab, Jordan
Sahab}} `{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| official_name = Sahab
| other_name =
| native_name = سحاب
| nickname =
| settlement_type = City
| motto =
| image_skyline = مدينة سحاب 2.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| image_caption = Skyline of Sahab, 2020
| image_flag = Flag of Sahab Municipality.png
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| seal_size =
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| map_caption = Sahab District within the [[Amman Governorate]]
| image_map1 =
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| coordinates = {{Coord|31|52|N|36|00|E|type:city|display=title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|25px]] [[Jordan]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Governorates of Jordan|Governorate]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Amman Governorate]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = Sahab
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics ----------------->
| government_footnotes =
| government_type = Municipality
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Abbas Maharmeh
| leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 =
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| established_title = Founding of settlement
| established_date = 1894
| established_title2 = Founding of municipality
| established_date2 = 1962
| established_title3 =
| established_date3 = <!-- Area --------------------->
| area_magnitude =
| unit_pref = Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
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| area_blank1_title =
| area_blank1_km2 =
| area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population ----------------------->
| population_as_of = 2015
| population_footnotes =
| population_note =
| population_total = 169,434
| population_density_km2 =
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| population_blank1_title = Ethnicities
| population_blank1 =
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}}`{=mediawiki}
**Sahab** (*Saḥāb*) is a municipality in Jordan located 16 km southeast of the capital Amman. It is the only locality in the Sahab District of the Amman Governorate. Modern Sahab began as a Bedouin-owned plantation village in the late 19th century during Ottoman rule. The plantation was originally worked by Egyptian migrant farmers who purchased and permanently settled the lands in 1894 and developed Sahab into an agricultural estate. Sahab became its own municipality in 1962 and today is a densely populated industrial hub. It is home to the country\'s largest industrial city, the Abdullah II Ibn Al-Hussein Industrial Estate, and the largest cemetery in greater Amman, as well as the Caves of Raqeem site mentioned in the Qur\'an (Surat al-Kahf). The population of Sahab in 2015 was 169,434.
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# Sahab, Jordan
## History
Beginning in the 1870s, Egyptian families mostly from the eastern villages of Egypt migrated to Transjordan to avoid corvée labor for the digging of the Suez Canal. Initially they worked as seasonal farmers in the Bedouin-owned plantation villages which began springing up in the Balqa (central Transjordan) during this period. Sahab (then known as Sahab wa Salbud) was one of nine tax-paying, Bedouin plantation villages listed in the kaza (district) of Salt in an Ottoman administrative document from 1883. The village\'s owners were the Bedouin of the Shararat tribe, who owed taxes in arrears to the government. Eventually, the Egyptian families permanently settled and intermarried with the local inhabitants. In 1894, three of the Egyptian clans, the Zyoud, Maharmah and Taharwah, purchased the fields around the *khirba* (ruined or abandoned village) of Sahab and turned the site into a major farming estate. The population of Sahab was 549 in the 1915 Ottoman census. The clans of Sahab, collectively known as \"Masarwat Sahab\" (the Egyptians of Sahab), ultimately became fully integrated into Jordanian society and since the 1950s they have gained electoral influence by dint of their numbers. In the 2000s or before, a representative of the community gained a seat in the country\'s parliament.
In 1961 the population of Sahab was 2,580 inhabitants.
Sahab had been part of Amman\'s city limits but became its own municipality in 1962. It serves as marketplace for the villages in the eastern Amman Governorate. Its population in 1994 was about 20,000, rising to over 43,000 in 2004. In the 2015 census, Sahab had a population over 169,000, of whom 76,000 were Jordanian citizens, 40,000 were Syrian refugees, 20,000 were migrant laborers from Southeast Asia and 15,000 were Egyptian expatriate workers.
In 1984 the Abdullah II Ibn Al-Hussein Industrial Estate (AIE) was established in Sahab. It is the largest industrial city in Jordan, covering 253 hectares, hosting 457 industries and employing 15,675 employees. Sahab contains the largest cemetery in greater Amman. The city has become known in Jordan mainly as an industrial hub, as well as for its overpopulation and pollution, prompting a 2016 initiative by its mayor Abbas Maharmeh, elected in 2013, to beautify and develop the city into a tourist destination. The initiative envisions eleven projects, among which are the transition to solar energy for electricity needs, the establishment of a museum, the creation of green areas, the painting of the city\'s buildings and the erection of an arabesque gate at the entrance of the town
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# Busanjin station (Korail)
**Busanjin Station** (`{{korean|hangul=부산진역|hanja=釜山鎮驛}}`{=mediawiki}) is a railway station in Dong-gu, Busan, southeast South Korea. It is the terminus of the Donghae Line to Pohang, and a stop on the Gyeongbu Line to Seoul. Passenger service was eliminated in 2005, leaving cargo service only
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# John Price (cricketer, born 1937)
**John Sidney Ernest Price** (born 22 July 1937) is an English former cricketer, who played in fifteen Tests for England from 1964 to 1972.
Distinctive for his extremely long angled run up and elaborate, though graceful, upright bowling action, Price could bowl outswingers at genuine pace, but his international career was hampered by a succession of injuries. He possessed an excellent arm in the deep, but seldom troubled the opposition with a bat in his hand. He took 734 wickets for Middlesex in 242 matches at just 22.39 each, carrying their attack in the late 1960s, having only established himself in the first team in 1963 at the age of 25, after playing club cricket with Wembley Cricket Club. He also took 192 wickets in limited overs games.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Price was born in Harrow, Middlesex. He took 83 wickets at 22 in his first full season, earning a touring berth to India, where he took fourteen wickets in his first four Tests. Never renowned for his left-handed batting, he survived 144 minutes and scored 32 runs in partnership with his Middlesex team-mate, Fred Titmus, in the Second Test in Bombay. He took 5 for 73 in the next Test in Calcutta but, in his sporadic appearances thereafter, failed to take more than three wickets in a Test innings again.
He toured South Africa in 1964/65, taking three wickets in the Test at Johannesburg, but was struck down by a back injury in 1965. He returned to form and fitness in style in 1966, taking 94 wickets at 18.74 and bagging 8 for 48, the best bowling figures of his career, against Derbyshire at Lord\'s. After England had lost the 1966 series against the West Indies, Price, then considered the fastest bowler in England, was selected for the fifth and final Test, but was unable to play due to injury. John Snow, whom he had replaced, returned to the side. Price took another 89 wickets at just 16.51 in 1968, and although age was beginning to tell against him, he took another 80 scalps in 1970. He returned to England colours at the age of 34 in 1971, after six years in the international wilderness, against Pakistan after Zaheer Abbas had earlier savaged England\'s bowling attack. Price took 3 for 29 in Pakistan\'s first innings, in a rain ruined match at Lord\'s, and he bowled well in the subsequent series against India, opening the bowling with Snow.
More good performances in 1972, including 8 for 85 against Sussex, and 6 for 34 in a Gillette Cup match against Surrey, saw him picked for what turned out to be his last Test against Australia at Lord\'s, a game in which he hit 19, the second-highest score, in England\'s disastrous second innings, as Bob Massie swept the tourists to victory. Price appeared in the 1975 Benson & Hedges Cup Final, before retiring at the end of the season
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# Jeff Jones (cricketer, born 1941)
**Jeff Jones** (born **Ivor Jeffrey Jones**, 10 December 1941) is a Welsh former cricketer, who took forty-four wickets in fifteen Test matches for the England cricket team between 1964 and 1968. His son, Simon Jones, also played Test cricket for England.
## First-class career {#first_class_career}
Jones was born in Dafen, Carmarthenshire. Cricket writer, Colin Bateman remarked, \"South Wales is hardly renowned for fast bowlers but in 1960 a powerfully built left-armer joined the Glamorgan staff and caused undiluted excitement. Unassuming and popular, Jeff Jones introduced a destructive force into Glamorgan\'s cricket it had never seen before.\" He was a left-arm fast bowler who in 1965 took five wickets before conceding a run against Leicestershire at Grace Road, finishing with 8 for 11. The consensus was that there was no faster bowler in county cricket at that time. His wickets did not always come cheaply, as Jones was prone to be erratic at times, but at his best he was a handful for any batsman.
## International cricket {#international_cricket}
In the 1965-66 Ashes series in Australia, Jones was England\'s top wicket taker, with 15 (at 35.53), taking 6 for 118 in the Fourth Test. He made his highest Test score of 16 in the Third Test, adding 55 for the last wicket with David Allen. His most famous batting moment came in Georgetown, Guyana in 1967-68 when, batting at his usual position at number eleven, he played out the last over of the match bowled by Lance Gibbs, to ensure that England escaped from the match with a draw, to secure a 1--0 series win over the West Indies. This was to be his last Test, and his first-class career also finished in 1968, after an elbow injury ended his time prematurely at the age of 26.
Jones left cricket to find an occupation in brewing. His son, Simon Jones, a right-arm fast bowler for Glamorgan, also played Test cricket for England. Simon suffered a serious injury that ended his England career at the same age as his father
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# Canterbury United Dragons
**Canterbury United Dragons** was a semi-professional football club from Christchurch, New Zealand. The team plays most of its matches at English Park in Christchurch, though they occasionally play in Nelson. The club last played in the ISPS Handa Premiership, the now folded top level of football in New Zealand.
## History
The club was founded in 2002 as a conglomerate of various Christchurch area clubs, in order to form a strong team to take part in the 2002 New Zealand National Soccer League. In 2004, the league was replaced by the New Zealand Football Championship, run on a regional franchise basis, and Canterbury United became one of the eight competing teams.
In Canterbury United\'s first season in the New Zealand Football Championship they missed out on the playoffs by four competition points, ultimately finishing fourth. In 2007, the club rebranded themselves as the \"Canterbury United Dragons\" with a new logo and mascot
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# Dschinghis Khan (song)
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{{single chart|Austria|8|artist=Dschinghis Khan|song=Dschinghis Khan|rowheader=true|access-date=29 October 2021}}
^
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# Guinness Brewmasters
The **Guinness Brewmasters** are animated advertising icons of Guinness beer used since 2004.
One is an inventor, constantly introducing his inventions to the other, who responds unequivocally to every invention with an enthusiastic \"Brilliant!\" The other than often responds with a just-as-enthusiastic \"Brilliant!\", and the two then clink their Guinness beers. Such inventions have included sliced bread, the little black book, the six-pack, suntan lotion, scented candles, and Irish stepdancing
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# Stone Dominoes F.C.
**Stone Dominoes Football Club** is a football club based in Stone, Staffordshire. They play at Wellbeing Park.
## History
The club was established in 1987 and joined the Midland League Division Two in 1995. They reached the 5th round of the FA Vase in 2003--04 season. They joined the North West Counties League in 2000, but resigned at the end of the 2012--13 season. Their home ground was Wellbeing Park (Formerly Springbank Stadium).
In 2008 they signed comedy actor Ralf Little as one of their players.
The club had 22 teams with players (boys and girls) from age 4 to adult representing the club.
The men\'s senior team returned to competition in 2015, competing in the Staffordshire County Senior League, First Division, 2015--16 season.
Stone Dominoes Ladies won the Staffordshire County Women\'s League in 2014--15 season and now play in the West Midland Regional Division One North.
## Records
- **FA Cup best performance**: second qualifying round -- 2004--05
- **FA Vase best performance**: fifth round replay -- 2003--04
## Honours
- NWCFL Division One Champions 2009--10
- NWCFL Div 2 Trophy Winners 2002--03
- Midland League Winners 1999--2000
- Midland League Charity Shield Winners 1999--2000
- Midland League Cup Winners 1998--99
- Midland League Div 2 Cup Winners 1996--97
- Staffordshire FA Vase winners 2009--10\..
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