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# Great River Bridge
The **Great River Bridge** is an asymmetrical, single tower cable-stayed bridge over the Mississippi River. It carries U.S. Route 34 from Burlington, Iowa to the town of Gulfport, Illinois.
## History
Construction began in 1989, but work on the main tower did not begin until April 1990. The main tower is 370 ft in height from the top of the tower to the riverbed. During the Great Flood of 1993, construction continued despite record crests on the Mississippi below. The final cost of the bridge was \$49 million, about 16 percent over budget.
The Great River Bridge replaced the MacArthur Bridge, an aging two-lane, cantilevered, steel toll bridge built in 1917. At the time, the bridge was in desperate need of repair, or replacement, as it swayed ominously when two semis crossed the bridge at the same time on the two lanes of traffic. After the bridge was dismantled, the engineers discovered that the supports weren\'t sunk into the bedrock far enough, causing undermining of the piers. The new bridge is five lanes wide (two westbound, three eastbound), with piers sunk over 90 feet into bedrock, and provides a safer crossing across the Mississippi River than the old bridge.
## Events
In the early morning of May 1, 2008, five barges broke loose of their moorings, with two of those striking the easternmost pylon of the bridge on the Henderson County, Illinois side of the river. The bridge was closed while it could be inspected by the Iowa Department of Transportation for damage and repairs. A third barge continued downstream, striking the BNSF Railroad owned Burlington Rail Bridge. The highway bridge was reopened the following day.
On June 17, 2008, the bridge was closed due to major flooding of the Mississippi River. The Illinois side was damaged in the floods due to levee failure, trapping people who were rescued by helicopter, and decreasing population in Gulfport for the long term.
Every year on the second Saturday of May the Great River Bridge Race is run. The 6 mi race starts at the Iowa on ramp and runs the first mile in Iowa including running up Snake Alley. It then runs across the bridge through Illinois on U.S. Route 34 and finishes on Front St. in front of the Port of Burlington
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# Llewelyn Davies
**Llewelyn Davies** is the formal surname of the family whose boys inspired J. M. Barrie to create the characters of Peter Pan and the Lost Boys:
- Llewelyn Davies, Arthur, father of the boys
- Llewelyn Davies, Sylvia, mother of the boys
The boys, in order of birth:
- Llewelyn Davies, George
- Llewelyn Davies, Jack
- Llewelyn Davies, Peter
- Llewelyn Davies, Michael
- Llewelyn Davies, Nico
## Other people {#other_people}
- Llewellyn Davies (1894--1965), English cricketer
- Llewelyn Davies (footballer) (1881--1961) was a Wrexham A.F.C. and Wales international footballer
- Llewelyn Davies (aviator) (1898-1918) was a World War I flying ace; see List of World War I aces credited with 5 victories
- Richard Llewelyn-Davies, Baron Llewelyn-Davies (1912--1981) was a British architect and a cousin of the boys.
- Moya Llewelyn-Davies (1881-1943) Richard\'s mother
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# Sophia Romero
**Sophia G. Romero** is a Filipino writer based in Brooklyn, New York. She is the author of the novel, *Always Hiding*, written in Philippine English. The 224-paged book was published by William Morrow and Company on April 1, 1998
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# Tom Cartwright
**Thomas William Cartwright** `{{post-nominals|country=GBR|MBE}}`{=mediawiki} (22 July 1935 -- 30 April 2007) was an English cricketer. Playing largely for Somerset and Warwickshire, he took over 1,600 wickets as a medium-pace bowler, though he began his career as a top-order batsman, and was capable enough with the bat to score seven hundreds including a double-century. He played in five Tests for England in 1964 and 1965. His withdrawal from the 1968--69 tour to South Africa led to his replacement in the touring team by Basil D\'Oliveira, whose inclusion precipitated the sporting isolation of South Africa until apartheid was abolished.
Cricket writer, Colin Bateman, stated, \"Cartwright was an exceptional bowler whose talents could not find a niche in the England side, much to the discredit of the selectors. His high, flowing action off a few steady paces produced unerring accuracy and nip for his rich assortment of seam and swing deliveries, but England looked usually for a first change bowler with extra pace\". He became a coach in later life at Millfield School, and later for Wales, as well as a manager at Glamorgan, with whom he had concluded his player career in 1977. He died there in 2007 of a heart attack.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Cartwright was born in Alderman\'s Green, Coventry, in a miner\'s cottage with no running water. He was the last of four children, with three older sisters. His Methodist father worked in the Riley car factory; his mother\'s father was a coal miner. He inherited strong socialist views from his parents, and a strong sense of personal integrity. He was educated at Foxford School, a secondary school in Coventry, and captained his school and the Coventry\'s schools teams in football and cricket. He took trials as a right-winger at Aston Villa, but began working at the Rootes car factory.
He joined Warwickshire in 1952, aged 17. He began his cricket career as a batsman, preferring to open the batting, became an all-rounder, batting further down the order, and ended as a bowler. He was very successful in first-class cricket, playing for Warwickshire from 1952 to 1969, for Somerset from 1970 to 1976, and for Glamorgan in 1977.
He made his first-class debut in Warwickshire\'s last county championship match of the 1952 season, against Nottinghamshire, scoring 82 and 22 not out. This remains the highest county score by a player aged under 17½. He did National Service from 1953 to 1955 in the Royal Artillery at Shoeburyness. In 1955, he played for the Army against the Navy at Lord\'s, and for the Combined Services against Lancashire, scoring three half-centuries in the two matches.
He scored seven first-class centuries, including 210 against Middlesex in 1962. He took 100 wickets in eight seasons, and passed 1,000 runs in three seasons. He achieving the all-rounder\'s \"double\" in 1962, taking 106 wickets and making 1176 runs. In 1965, he took 100 wickets at an average of 13.85. He won the Gillette Cup with Warwickshire in 1966 and 1968.
He made his Test debut in the Fourth Test against Australia at Old Trafford in July 1964, when Australian captain Bob Simpson reached a triple century. Both teams scored over 600 in their first innings and the match was drawn. Cartwright took 2--118 in 77 overs, including 32 maidens. He continued in the Fifth Test at the Oval, taking 3--110 in 62 overs, including 23 maidens. He toured in the winter of 1964/65, but broke a metatarsal bone and was unable to play until the Fourth Test against South Africa at Johannesburg. He was selected for the First Test against New Zealand at Edgbaston the following summer, but was then injured again and missed the next few matches. He achieved his best Test bowling figures (6--94) in his final Test appearance, when he returned for the Second Test against South Africa at Trent Bridge later in 1965. He broke his right thumb attempting to take a catch off his own bowling in the first innings, and he was unable to bowl in the second innings. He never played Test cricket again.
He was selected for the 1968/9 tour to South Africa, but a shoulder injury caused him to withdraw at the last minute. Basil D\'Oliveira was selected to take his place, and the resulting controversy led to South Africa\'s exclusion from Test cricket for twenty two years.
Cartwright took 8--96 in his final match for Warwickshire in 1969. Worried about his future career, he sought a coaching position at Warwickshire before moving to Somerset to take up a coaching job at Millfield School. He became coach at Somerset, where he played with a young Ian Botham, helping him to develop his swing bowling. He left Somerset after an argument about his fitness in 1976, and played for Glamorgan the following year before finally retiring from playing to concentrate on coaching.
After he retired from professional cricket, he was cricket manager at Glamorgan from 1977 to 1983. He became coach for the Welsh Cricket Association and then the first Welsh national coach. For this work, he was awarded the MBE when he retired in 2000. He also became the first cricket coach to join the National Coaching Federation\'s Hall of Fame. He took charge of the development of under-16 cricketers for many years, continuing until 2007.
Aged 70, he played his last game of cricket at Broadhalfpenny Down in September 2005.
Cartwright suffered a heart attack in March 2007, and died a month later. He was survived by his Welsh wife, Joan Rees, whom he married in 1960, and by their son and daughter. Joan died on 28 March 2017.
A biography, *Tom Cartwright: The Flame Still Burns*, by Stephen Chalke was published in April 2007
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# Ian Thomson (cricketer)
**Norman Ian Thomson** (23 January 1929 -- 1 August 2021) was an English cricketer who played in five Tests for England in 1964 and 1965. Thomson was weeks away from his 36th birthday when he was first selected for Test duties, a recognition of his performances in county cricket.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Born 23 January 1929 in Walsall, Staffordshire, Thomson grew up in Essex. After he finished his National Service, his family moved to Sussex, where he joined the county team, playing his first match in 1952. A medium-fast right-arm swing and seam bowler of accuracy and consistency, and a lower-order batsman, he soon became a regular member of the team. He took more than 100 wickets in every season from 1953 to 1964. The later part of Thomson\'s career coincided with the first one-day competition. He picked up the man of the match award in the 1964 Gillette Cup final, when Sussex beat Warwickshire.
He was picked for the 1964--65 Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) tour to South Africa, which was led by the Warwickshire captain, M. J. K. Smith. He played in all five Tests on the tour, and was used largely as a stock bowler, with the spinners Fred Titmus and David Allen taking most wickets. A spate of injuries on the tour led to a call-up for Ken Palmer, who was coaching locally, and Geoffrey Boycott was also used as a bowler. Thomson took nine wickets in the five Tests, only four more than Boycott. This was not Thomson\'s only overseas experience with MCC. In 1955--56 he had toured Pakistan with the side led by Donald Carr, which played only \"unofficial\" Tests: in fact, he appeared in none of these matches, and played only four matches on the tour.
Thomson retired after the 1965 English season, though he reappeared in two matches in 1972, when Sussex had an injury crisis. In 1961, he scored 780 runs in the season at an average of more than 20, and in several other years he contributed more than 500 runs.
In January 2021, following the death of Donald Smith, Thomson became England\'s oldest living Test cricketer.
Thomson died at his home in Henfield, West Sussex, on 1 August 2021, aged 92
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# Trafford F.C.
**Trafford Football Club** is an English football club based in Flixton, near Urmston in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester. The club are currently members of the Northern Premier League Division One West and play at the Away Day Care Shawe View Stadium.
## History
The club was established in 1990 as **North Trafford**, founded by David Brown, John Harrison, David Law, and Bill Whitten. They applied to join Mid-Cheshire League and despite being initially rejected, were admitted to Division Two after a late withdrawal. They finished as runners-up in their first season, and were promoted to Division One. The following season they finished fourth and moved up to Division Two of the North West Counties League. In 1993--94 they finished second and were promoted to Division One, at which point they adopted their current name.
In 1996--97 they won Division One and were promoted to Division One of the Northern Premier League. In 1999--00 they won the President\'s Cup, but in 2002--03 they finished bottom of the division and were relegated back to the North West Counties League. They won the league again in 2007--08 and were promoted back to the Northern Premier League. In their first season back in the league they won the President\'s Cup for a second time.
## Ground
Trafford have played at Shawe View in Urmston since their formation, initially sharing the ground with Trafford Borough Rugby League Club but soon gaining sole tenancy and a 30-year lease. Floodlights and a stand were built in 1993
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# New Tradition Chorus
The **New Tradition Chorus** is a mixed voice barbershop chorus based in Northbrook, Illinois, in the Chicago area. Founded in 1982, they have competed at the International Chorus Contest of the Barbershop Harmony Society 19 times, winning a medal on every attempt until the 2009 competition, where they finished 15th. They have won ten bronze medals, a record eight consecutive silver medals (1993--2000), and the gold medal in 2001. The chorus had all male members until 2022.
## Director
Mitch Greenberg became the chorus director in August 2021, with ten years of directing experience. Greenberg is a quartet singer and has placed in the top 20 in international competition
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# Tom Cross (computer security)
**Tom Cross** (born 1976), also known as **Decius**, is an American computer security expert and hacker.
## Early life {#early_life}
Cross was born in 1976 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and grew up in Tennessee. His father worked in telecommunications policy and his mother was a Registered Nurse\'s Assistant. He attended Brentwood High School in Brentwood, Tennessee, before attending Georgia Tech in Atlanta, receiving a bachelor\'s degree in computer engineering.
## Security work {#security_work}
He co-founded the EFGA (Electronic Frontiers Georgia) in 1995. In 1996, he co-founded Computer Sentry Software, known for their award-winning \"CyberAngel\" software, a laptop anti-theft program. From 1999 to 2000, he was Chief Engineer at Dataway, a computer security firm in San Francisco. From 2000 to 2001 he worked at iAsiaWorks, as the Director of Global Security Engineering. In 2001, he founded Industrial Memetics, which developed the popular collaborative blogging community MemeStreams.
Cross has been a speaker at several technology conferences, including PhreakNIC; Summercon; \"The First International Hackers\' Conference in Seoul Korea\" (IS2K); \"InternetWorld\" in Singapore; and APRICOT, the Asia-Pacific Regional Internet Conference on Operational Technologies. He was also among the attendees at the first ever Def Con. He is known for extensive \"rant\" essays and speeches on technology and policy. He has also been a co-host on episodes of \"Binary Revolution\", as a cryptography expert.
## Writing
- [\"An open letter to PFIR on \"Whois\" privacy\"](https://archive.today/20130102144905/http://legalminds.lp.findlaw.com/list/fight-censorship-announce/msg05103.html), *Politech* listserv, June 24, 2004
- [\"DNS WHOIS: Barking up the wrong tree\"](http://www.circleid.com/posts/dns_whois_barking_up_the_wrong_tree/), CircleID, June 28, 2004
- [\"The Road Ahead for Top-Level Domains\"](http://www.circleid.com/posts/answers_from_vint_cerf_on_top_level_domains/), Vint Cerf answers three of Tom\'s questions in an interview, CircleID, March 13, 2006
- [\"Academic freedom and the hacker ethic\"](http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1132498&jmp=abstract&coll=ACM&dl=ACM&CFID=72195528&CFTOKEN=8094291), Communications of the ACM, June 2006.
- [\"Puppy smoothies: Improving the reliability of open, collaborative wikis\"](http://www.firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/1400/1318), First Monday, September 2006
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# Clifford Menhennitt
**Clifford Inch Menhennitt** (30 October 1912 - 29 October 1979) was an Australian jurist. He served as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Victoria from 1966 to 1979. While largely unknown today, Menhennitt was responsible for delivering the landmark 1969 Menhennitt ruling, which was the first legal precedent with regard to abortion law in Australia.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Menhennitt was born in Melbourne, and attended Scotch College and the University of Melbourne where he's was resident of Ormond College. He was an excellent student, and won the E. J. B. Nunn Scholarship and the Supreme Court Prize in his final honours examination in 1933.
## Career
He was admitted to legal practice in 1935 with solicitor firm Alexander Grant, Dickson and Menhennitt, and worked there until his admission to the bar in 1946. A talented litigator, he appeared many times before the High Court of Australia and Privy Council, and was appointed as a Queen\'s Counsel in 1957. He also remained active in the legal and university communities, serving as Vice-Chair of the Victorian Bar Council and a member of the Executive of the Law Council of Australia, and working as a lecturer and serving on several governing boards at the University of Melbourne. His work with the university saw Menhennitt serve as its Warden of Convocation from 1965 to 1968, and as a member of the University Council from 1968 to 1973.
Menhennitt was appointed as an Acting Judge of the Supreme Court of Victoria on 27 April 1966, and quickly impressed with his capabilities. The *Australian Bar Gazette* stated that during his time in the position, he had \"revealed learning and skill in the conduct of trials in matters far removed from his previous fields of practice.\" Six months later, Sir Norman O\'Bryan retired from the bench, and on 17 October, Menhennitt was appointed as his replacement. Menhennitt was highly regarded for both his knowledge and efficiency during his time on the court, and had a reputation for being relatively quick in returning decisions. While on the court, he was the original judge in charge of the Building Cases List, and was later responsible for the Commercial Causes List. He also served as chairman of Victorian Council of Law Reporting from 1974 until his death, and had also been a member of the Chief Justice\'s Law Reform Committee.
Though he was on the court for thirteen years, Menhennitt remains most well known for one particular case, *R v Davidson*, commonly known as the *Menhennitt ruling*. It was the first legal precedent in Australia concerning the legality of abortion, and Menhennitt ruled that abortion was lawfully justified if \"necessary to preserve the physical or mental health of the woman concerned, provided that the danger involved in the abortion did not outweigh the danger which the abortion was designed to prevent.\" It was later largely adopted by courts in New South Wales and Queensland (with the Levine ruling of 1971 and McGuire ruling of 1986 respectively), and was influential in some other states. Menhennitt\'s ruling remained the basis for abortion law in Victoria for almost 40 years, until the *Abortion Law Reform Act 2008* (Vic) formally decriminalised abortion.
## Death
Menhennitt died suddenly at his North Balwyn home on 29 October 1979, the day before his 67th birthday, and was found by his driver, who had come to take him to the court. The Supreme Court held a special sitting in his honour the following day, whereupon Chief Justice Sir John Young paid tribute to Menhennitt\'s distinguished career
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# Carl Stiner
**Carl Wade Stiner** (7 September 1936 -- 2 June 2022) was a United States Army four-star general who served as Commander in Chief, United States Special Operations Command (USCINCSOC) from 1990 to 1993.
## Military career {#military_career}
Stiner was born in LaFollette, Tennessee, on 7 September 1936. He graduated from Tennessee Polytechnic Institute in 1958 with a Bachelor of Science degree and was commissioned in the Infantry. He served initially with the 9th Infantry Regiment at Fort Benning, Georgia and commanded a basic training company at Fort Jackson.
His first special operations tour of duty was from 1964 to 1966 with the 3rd Special Forces Group at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. Following graduation from the Army Command and General Staff College in 1967, he served in the Vietnam War as both an infantry battalion and brigade operations officer (S-3) with the 4th Infantry Division.
In 1970, after a tour with Headquarters, Department of the Army in Washington, D.C., he joined the 82nd Airborne Division where he commanded the 2nd Battalion, 325th Airborne Infantry Regiment, and served as the Division operations officer (G3). Following graduation from the Army War College and Shippensburg State College in 1975, and a tour in Saudi Arabia, he commanded the 1st Infantry Training Brigade at Fort Benning.
Promoted to brigadier general in 1980, he served first as the chief of staff, Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force (RDJTF), then headquartered at MacDill Air Force Base, and later as the assistant division commander of the 82nd Airborne Division. After serving on the Joint Staff in Washington, D.C., as assistant deputy director for politico-military affairs, in 1984 he was promoted to major general and appointed commanding general of the Joint Special Operations Command at Fort Bragg.
He held this post until assigned as commanding general, 82nd Airborne Division, in January 1987. In October 1988 he was named commanding general, XVIII Airborne Corps and Fort Bragg. As commanding general, XVIII Airborne Corps, he was designated commander, Joint Task Force South, and served as the operational commander of all forces employed on Operation Just Cause in Panama in December 1989.
In May 1990 he was promoted to the rank of general and became the second commander in chief of the United States Special Operations Command, headquartered at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida. As commander in chief, he was responsible for the readiness of all special operations forces of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, both active duty and reserve, retiring in May 1993.
During his 35-year career, Stiner commanded the Army\'s preeminent contingency strike forces; including the Joint Special Operations Command, the 82nd Airborne Division and the XVIII Airborne Corps. Stiner has an extensive background in special operations. Among the many missions in which he was involved was the capture of the terrorists in the Achille Lauro hijacking, the Panama invasion and the capture of Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega, and all special operations activities during Operation Desert Storm.
Stiner was inducted into the Ranger Hall of Fame in 2004.
## Awards and decorations {#awards_and_decorations}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
`{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=Distinguished Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}`{=mediawiki}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+---------+------------------------------------------------------+
| Badge | Combat Infantryman Badge |
+=========+======================================================+
| 1st Row | Defense Distinguished Service Medal\ |
| | `{{small|with 1 [[Oak leaf cluster]]}}`{=mediawiki} |
+---------+------------------------------------------------------+
| 2nd Row | Defense Superior Service Medal |
+---------+------------------------------------------------------+
| 3rd Row | Meritorious Service Medal\ |
| | `{{small|with 2 [[Oak leaf cluster]]s}}`{=mediawiki} |
+---------+------------------------------------------------------+
| 4th row | Army Presidential Unit Citation\ |
| | `{{small|with 1 [[Oak leaf cluster]]}}`{=mediawiki} |
+---------+------------------------------------------------------+
| 5th Row | Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal |
+---------+------------------------------------------------------+
| 6th Row | Army Overseas Service Ribbon |
+---------+------------------------------------------------------+
| 7th Row | Vietnamese Gallantry Cross Unit Citation\ |
| | `{{small|(U.S. Army version)}}`{=mediawiki} |
+---------+------------------------------------------------------+
| Badges | Ranger Tab |
+---------+------------------------------------------------------+
| Badges | Army Staff Identification Badge |
+---------+------------------------------------------------------+
## Post-military career {#post_military_career}
Stiner co-authored the 2002 book *Shadow Warriors: Inside the Special Forces* with Tom Clancy. He was also a recipient of the Freedom Foundation Award and the Distinguished Alumnus award from Tennessee Technological University and served as chairman of the Special Operations Warrior Foundation. Stiner was also active teaching the joint warfare fighting course at the Joint Forces Staff College in Norfolk, Virginia, and worked as a senior advisor for new joint war fighting experiments.
Stiner died at a medical facility in Knoxville, Tennessee, on 2 June 2022, at the age of 85.
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# Carl Stiner
## Additional recognition {#additional_recognition}
An approximately 10 mi stretch of State Highway 63 between LaFollette and Speedwell, Tennessee, is named in honor of General Stiner. The Army ROTC offices at Stiner\'s alma mater, Tennessee Tech, have been renamed the Carl W. Stiner Leadership Center in his honor.
On 7 September 2002, an oil portrait in the likeness of General Carl Wade Stiner, by California Artist Sylvia Rogers-Barnes, was unveiled to a company of interested citizens, friends and relatives of General Stiner, at the proposed location of a new Veterans\' Memorial Museum in Jacksboro, Tennessee. Since that time, the portrait is being housed at the Campbell County Historical Society located at 235 E. Central Ave. in LaFollette, Tennessee, and curated by Jerry Sharp at that location.
The biographical material and photo of the portrait of General Stiner has been entered into the Catalog of American Portraits, Center for Electronic Research and Outreach Services, National Portrait Gallery Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
In February 2015, the radio program *This American Life* featured General Stiner prominently for his role in creating *The Soldier Safety Show* at Fort Bragg, a mixture of serious videos and upbeat show-tunes that helped reduce the number of soldiers\' deaths from dangerous behaviors off-duty
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# Ken Palmer
**Kenneth Ernest Palmer** `{{post-nominals|country=GBR|MBE}}`{=mediawiki} (22 April 1937 -- 23 July 2024) was an English cricketer and umpire, who played in one Test match in 1965, and umpired 22 Tests and 23 One Day Internationals from 1977 to 2001. He was born in Winchester, Hampshire.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
A reliable all-rounder for Somerset between 1955 and 1969, Palmer was a right-handed middle-order batsman and fast-medium bowler with a whippy action, whose best season was 1961, when he achieved the double of 1,000 runs and 100 wickets.
Palmer played one Test. Because of injuries to other bowlers (John Price, David Brown and Tom Cartwright), he was called up while coaching in Johannesburg to play in the fifth Test at Port Elizabeth, on the 1964-65 England tour of South Africa.
## Umpiring
Palmer was appointed an umpire in 1972, and made his international debut in the England versus Pakistan Test in June 1978.
## Recognition
Palmer was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2003 New Year Honours for services to cricket.
## Personal life and death {#personal_life_and_death}
His brother, Roy Palmer, also played for Somerset, and similarly became a first-class and Test match umpire. Ken\'s son Gary also played as an all-rounder for Somerset.
Palmer died of complications following a fall in Taunton, Somerset, on 23 July 2024, at the age of 87
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# A.F.C. Blackpool
**A.F.C. Blackpool** is a football club based in Blackpool, Lancashire, England. The club currently play in the `{{English football updater|AFCBlack}}`{=mediawiki}. Based at Jepson Way, they are nicknamed *The Mechanics* or *The Mechs*, and are full members of the Lancashire County Football Association.
## History
The club was founded as **Blackpool Metal Mechanics** in 1947 before changing their name to **Blackpool Mechanics**. They initially played in local leagues on the Fylde coast. They won the Fylde District League Division Two title in the 1950--51 season and were promoted to Division One, where between 1953--54 and 1957--58 they were champions twice and runners-up three times in five consecutive seasons. They also won a number of local cup competitions, including the Lancashire FA Amateur Shield in 1957--58.
In 1959 the club took the decision move up the leagues and joined the West Lancashire League. In their first season, 1959--60, they were runners-up. In 1960--61 they were champions and also won the Lancashire FA Amateur Shield again. The following season they were again West Lancashire League champions. In 1962 they joined the Lancashire Combination Division Two. The division was disbanded in 1968, with the league becoming a single division. The 1971--72 season saw a third-place finish. In the 1972--73 season they won the Lancashire Combination Bridge Shield and in 1974--75 finished as runners-up in the league, just one point behind champions Darwen.
With the formation of the North West Counties Football League, they were placed in Division Three, finishing sixth in their first season in the new League. They were promoted as champions to Division Two in 1985--86. They were briefly promoted to Division One in 1991--92 before being relegated back to Division Two, renamed Division One in 2006.
In May 2005 Lytham St. Annes FC, who had just won the West Lancashire League Division One title, merged into the Mechanics after resigning from the West Lancashire league. In May 2008 the Mechanics merged with Squires Gate Junior FC, with the club renamed AFC Blackpool. The name change depended upon Blackpool F.C. giving it their full approval, and in July 2008 they confirmed to the Lancashire Football Association that they had no objections and that they were keen to help the club.
As champions of Division One in 2010--11, they were promoted to the Premier Division. On 21 March 2015, some Blackpool F.C. fans boycotted their match with Leeds in protest of chairman Karl Oyston\'s management of the club, deciding instead to attend AFC Blackpool\'s match against Bootle. The game saw an attendance of 503 compared with an average of 35 that season; some Leeds fans also attended the match as part of a combined general protest \"against the Football League.\" The club were relegated to the North West Counties League First Division at the end of the 2015--16 season, in which they finished bottom of the table.
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# A.F.C. Blackpool
## History
### Season-by-season record {#season_by_season_record}
Season Division Position Notes
------------ --------------------------------------------- ---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
1947--48 Fylde District Football League Division Two
1948--49 Fylde District Football League Division Two
1949--50 Fylde District Football League Division Two
1950--51 Fylde District Football League Division Two 1 Champions
1951--52 Fylde District Football League Division One
1952--53 Fylde District Football League Division One
1953--54 Fylde District Football League Division One
1954--55 Fylde District Football League Division One
1955--56 Fylde District Football League Division One
1956--57 Fylde District Football League Division One
1957--58 Fylde District Football League Division One
1958--59 Fylde District Football League Division One
1959--60 West Lancashire League 2 Runners-up
1960--61 West Lancashire League 1 Champions
1961--62 West Lancashire League 1 Champions
1962--63 Lancashire Combination Division Two 11/20
1963--64 Lancashire Combination Division Two 14/18
1964--65 Lancashire Combination Division Two 9/17
1965--66 Lancashire Combination Division Two 11/14
1966--67 Lancashire Combination Division Two 10/16
1967--68 Lancashire Combination Division Two 10/17 League reduced to single division
1968--69 Lancashire Combination 9/22
1969--70 Lancashire Combination 9/20
1970--71 Lancashire Combination 7/16
1971--72 Lancashire Combination 3/15
1972--73 Lancashire Combination 7/20
1973--74 Lancashire Combination 8/20
1974--75 Lancashire Combination 2/20 Runners-up
1975--76 Lancashire Combination 4/18
1976--77 Lancashire Combination 9/18
1977--78 Lancashire Combination 14/18
1978--79 Lancashire Combination 9/15
1979--80 Lancashire Combination 15/17
1980--81 Lancashire Combination 16/18
1981--82 Lancashire Combination 8/18
1982--83 North West Counties League Division Three 6/18
1983--84 North West Counties League Division Three 7/18
1984--85 North West Counties League Division Three 5/18
1985--86 North West Counties League Division Three 1/15 Champions, promoted
1986--87 North West Counties League Division Two 12/18
1987--88 North West Counties League Division Two 15/22
1988--89 North West Counties League Division Two 16/18
1989--90 North West Counties League Division Two 3/16
1990--91 North West Counties League Division Two 5/18
1991--92 North West Counties League Division Two 3/18 Promoted
1992--93 North West Counties League Division One 22/22 Relegated
1993--94 North West Counties League Division Two 13/18
1994--95 North West Counties League Division Two 8/16
1995--96 North West Counties League Division Two 15/18
1996--97 North West Counties League Division Two 18/20
1997--98 North West Counties League Division Two 21/21
1998--99 North West Counties League Division Two 19/19
1999--2000 North West Counties League Division Two 15/18
2000--01 North West Counties League Division Two 6/20
2001--02 North West Counties League Division Two 8/21
2002--03 North West Counties League Division Two 14/18
2003--04 North West Counties League Division Two 14/20
2004--05 North West Counties League Division Two 10/19
2005--06 North West Counties League Division Two 9/19
2006--07 North West Counties League Division Two 13/18
2007--08 North West Counties League Division Two 9/18 Division Two renamed First Division. Club renamed AFC Blackpool
2008--09 North West Counties League First Division 15/18
2009--10 North West Counties League First Division 15/17
2010--11 North West Counties League First Division 1/18 Champions, promoted
2011--12 North West Counties League Premier Division 9/22
2012--13 North West Counties League Premier Division 10/22
2013--14 North West Counties League Premier Division 13/22
2014--15 North West Counties League Premier Division 18/21
2015--16 North West Counties League Premier Division 22/22 Relegated
2016--17 North West Counties League First Division 19/22
## Ground
The club play at *The Mechanics*, Jepson Way having originally played at Stanley Park Arena.
In December 2007, the club announced plans for a £60,000 refurbishment programme, including improvements to the pitch, as well as new crowd barrier fencing and concreting the spectators area right round the pitch. Drainage work began on the pitch in April 2008, as well as levelling and reseeding the pitch. Following the club\'s name change in May 2008 they leased a further piece of land next to the ground to accommodate the enlarged club. Also investment to improve the facilities was begun. It was also decided that the ground would take the name *The Mechanics* to maintain the link with the past.
In February 2006 the club had to switch their match against F.C. United of Manchester to Blackpool\'s Bloomfield Road ground due to the anticipated large crowd. Around 4,300 spectators saw Mechanics lose the game 4--2, bringing in £10,000 for the club.
The ground has four stands. On the east side is the main stand which contains the dressing rooms, club offices and clubhouse with two rows of spectator seating. On the West side is a 100 capacity seated stand with the dugouts either side. There are small terraced stands behind each goal.
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# A.F.C. Blackpool
## Honours
- **Lancashire Combination**
- Bridge Shield winners 1972
- **North West Counties Football League**
- First Division champions 2010--11
- Third Division champions 1985--86
- **West Lancashire Football League**
- Champions 1960--61, 1961--62
- **Fylde District League**
- Division One champions twice
- Division Two champions 1950--51
- **Lancashire FA Amateur Shield**
- Winners 1957--58, 1960--61
## Records
- Best FA Cup performance: First qualifying round, 2000--01, 2004--05, 2015--16
- Best FA Trophy performance: First qualifying round, 1974--75, 1975--76
- Best FA Vase performance: Second round, 2010--11
- Record attendance: 4,300 vs FC United of Manchester, 18 February 2006 at Bloomfield Road
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# David J. Brown (cricketer)
David J. Brown}} `{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Use British English|date=February 2016}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox cricketer
| name = David Brown
| image =
| caption =
| fullname = David John Brown
| birth_date = {{birth-date and age|30 January 1942}}
| birth_place = [[Walsall]], [[Staffordshire]], England
| death_date =
| death_place =
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm fast-medium
| columns = 2
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| matches1 = 26
| runs1 = 342
| bat avg1 = 11.79
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0
| top score1 = 44[[not out|*]]
| deliveries1 = 5,098
| wickets1 = 79
| bowl avg1 = 28.31
| fivefor1 = 2
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 5/42
| catches/stumpings1 = 7/–
| column2 = [[First-class cricket|First-class]]
| matches2 = 390
| runs2 = 4,110
| bat avg2 = 12.26
| 100s/50s2 = 0/6
| top score2 = 79
| deliveries2 = 63,339
| wickets2 = 1,165
| bowl avg2 = 24.85
| fivefor2 = 46
| tenfor2 = 5
| best bowling2 = 8/60
| catches/stumpings2 = 157/–
| international = true
| country = England
| testdebutagainst = South Africa
| testdebutdate = 22 July
| testdebutyear = 1965
| testcap = 429
| lasttestdate = 24 July
| lasttestagainst = New Zealand
| lasttestyear = 1969
| source = http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/9252.html CricInfo
| date = 9 February
| year = 2020
}}`{=mediawiki}
**David John Brown** (born 30 January 1942) is an English former cricketer who played in twenty six Test matches between 1965 and 1969. Cricket writer Colin Batemen described Brown as a \"rangy, popular paceman\...\[with\] gutsy determination and uncomplaining effort\".
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# David J. Brown (cricketer)
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Educated at Queen Mary\'s Grammar School, Brown made his Warwickshire debut in 1961. A dependable seam bowler in the English tradition, Brown used his full 6\' 4\" to extract bounce from any wicket, an attribute which enabled him to be as effective on hard wickets on tour as he was on green pitches at home. He overcame injury to take 1,165 first-class wickets and play regularly for England in the late 1960s, taking 79 wickets.
His most famous bowling was in the Third Test at Sydney in the 1965-66 Ashes series, where he took 5/63, forcing Australia to follow on, and England won their biggest victory down under for fifty years. This was despite being \"laid low with bursitis, or a sort of house-maid\'s knee of the elbow\" and he took only 11 wickets (37.18) in the drawn series.
He was a good close to the wicket fielder and famously held two crucial catches off the bowling of Derek Underwood as England snatched victory late on the final day of the last test match against Australia at the Oval in 1968, to square the series 2-2.
In the first half of 1969, Brown took fourteen wickets at 20 apiece as England easily accounted for the West Indies. An injury to Brown\'s opening bowling partner, John Snow, meant that Alan Ward was called up for the first Test against England\'s next opponents, New Zealand. When selection was made for the second test, and with Snow fit again, it was Brown that made way not Ward, and Brown did not play international cricket again.
His leadership skills were rewarded with the vice-captaincy on the MCC tour of Pakistan in 1966-67, and the captaincy of Warwickshire from 1975 to 1977. In 1982, in answer to an injury crisis, he returned to the fray at the age of 40, long after he had retired to farm and breed racehorses, and thus played in 390 first-class matches in all. It was in this latter capacity that Brown became the first substitute ever to take a wicket in county cricket. After his colleague, Gladstone Small, had been called up for Test duties on the morning of the second day of Warwickshire\'s County Championship game against Lancashire, at Southport, revised playing conditions allowed Brown to act as a full substitute.
Brown\'s best bowling figures in Test and first-class cricket were both achieved at Lord\'s. In 1968 he took 5 for 42 against Australia, and in 1975 he took 8 for 60 against Middlesex. His highest Test score of 44 not out was made at Lahore in February 1969. His highest first-class score of 79 came against Derbyshire at Edgbaston in 1972.
Brown established the Furnace Mill Stud farm at Kidderminster in 1976 to breed racehorses. Amongst the horses bred at Furnace Mill is Bolshoi, winner of the King\'s Stand Stakes in 1998. In 2019 Brown was awarded the Andrew Devonshire Award for outstanding contribution to the racehorse breeding industry by the Thoroughbred Breeders\' Association. His daughter, Emily Brown, became a successful jockey in Australia
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# Busch Light Pole Award
The **Busch Light Pole Award**, also called the **Anheuser-Busch Pole Award** if the driver is under 21 years of age (minimum age for alcohol advertising and consumption), and previously the **Busch Pole Award** (1979-1997, 2004--2007 in the second-tier series only, 2018-2021), **Coors Light Pole Award** (2008-2017, except in NASCAR Camping World Truck Series where it was referred as the **Keystone Light Pole Award** or **21 Means 21 Pole Award** if the driver is under 21 under Molson-Coors sponsorship) and **Budweiser Pole Award** (1998-2007, except in the second-tier series between 2004-2007), is an award given to the fastest qualifier in each NASCAR national series points-paying race.
The original premise behind the sponsorship was that each driver who won a pole position in the previous Cup Series season was entered in The Clash at Daytona at Daytona International Speedway a week before the season-opening Daytona 500. The Pole Award was not given at events where pole qualifying was rained out and the line-up had to be determined by owner\'s points.
## History
Initially sponsored by Anheuser-Busch\'s Busch Beer, the award was transferred over to the Budweiser brand in 1998 (although it reverted back to Busch brand from 2004 to 2007 for the Busch Series, as the Busch brand was at the time the second-tier series\' entitlement sponsor). Molson replaced Anheuser-Busch in 2008 as the official beer sponsor, renaming it the Coors Light Pole Award in 2008 after the Canadian brewer\'s signature beer brand. This ended the connection between the Pole Award and the Shootout, which continued to be sponsored by Budweiser until 2012. Coors Light also did not buy air time during qualifying broadcasts as Budweiser had, so Coors Light has never been the title sponsor for qualifying telecasts as Budweiser had been from 2001--2007. Busch returned as the Pole Award sponsor in March 2018, with several early season races that year ran without a Pole Award sponsor. This was later followed by Busch being designated as one of NASCAR Cup Series\' Premier Partners and the sponsor of the Clash in 2020, reuniting the connection.
When Sprint replaced Budweiser as the sponsor of the Clash in 2013, Pole Award winners were once again given a berth in The Clash. When Coors Light Pole Qualifying is rained out, the polesitter would not be given the Coors Light Pole Award and the berth for the Daytona invitational race, the same protocol followed by Budweiser at the time when they gave away a position in the Bud Shootout. However, with the multi-round qualifying format being used starting in 2014, the Coors Light Pole Award and the Clash berth are given out as long as at least one round is completed. An example of this contrast is that at the 2014 Toyota Owners 400, Coors Light Pole Qualifying was completely rained out, giving Kyle Larson the pole position, however he was not given the Coors Light Pole Award or a berth in the 2015 Sprint Unlimited. However, later in the year at the Coke Zero 400, David Gilliland was fastest in round 1 of qualifying, and was given the pole after rounds 2 and 3 were rained out. Because one round of qualifying had been completed, the session was declared official and Gilliland was given the Coors Light Pole Award and the berth in the 2015 Sprint Unlimited, but Gilliland did not participate in that year\'s race. The berth became irrelevant in 2022 when the race\'s venue was moved to the Los Angeles Coliseum and the format was changed so that it no longer relied on polesitters. That year, the Busch Pole Award was rebranded to the Busch Light Pole Award. As of the 2025 season, polesitters will sign the Busch Light wall brought at the track for qualifying (age permitting).
## Decal
As a contingency sponsorship, in order to fully be eligible for the Pole Award, the car must be affixed with the designated sponsor decal. Affixing the decal to the car was optional. (As a comparison, each respective series\' decals are required by rules).
If a car did not have the decal affixed, the car/driver would be still scored as the fastest qualifier, and lines up on race day in position 1. The Clash at Daytona berth, unlike in the past,`{{when|date=April 2022}}`{=mediawiki} would also go to the driver, since that is determined by NASCAR. The trophy and cash prize goes to the next-fastest driver, provided they carry the decal, who will earn the trophy and cash prize.
The decal issue is seldom an issue except for Petty Enterprises, but not its successor Richard Petty Motorsports/Petty GMS Motorsports, who traditionally refuse to allow alcohol sponsorship on their cars. The #43 did not carry the sticker. However, hard alcohol later appeared on other (non-#43) cars from the successor teams.
The return of Anheuser-Busch in 2018 coincided with NASCAR moving contingency sponsorship away from the race cars; as such, the Pole Award decal was discontinued that season
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# Cybotron (Australian band)
**Cybotron** were an Australian electronic, experimental music band formed in 1975 by Steve Maxwell Von Braund on synthesiser, electronic percussion, and alto saxophone; and Geoff Green on keyboard, organ, and synthesiser. The group issued three studio albums, *Cybotron* (1976), *Colossus* (1978) and *Implosion* (1980) and disbanded by 1981. Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, noted that they were \"a bona fide experimental outfit, and the band\'s eponymous debut album featured a mix of heavy synthesiser kinetics, organ drones and pulsating electronic beats\".
## History
Cybotron were formed in 1975 in Melbourne as an electronic, experimental music band by Steve Maxwell Von Braund on synthesiser, electronic percussion, and alto saxophone; and Geoff Green on keyboard, organ, and synthesiser. In 1975 Braund had issued his debut solo album, *Monster Planet*, with contributions from Green, Gil Matthews on drums (ex-Billy Thorpe and the Aztecs), Henry Vyhnal on electric violin and Jim Keays on lead vocals (ex-The Masters Apprentices). Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, described Cybotron as \"a bona fide experimental outfit\".
Cybotron released a self-titled album in 1976 on the Clear Light of Jupiter label which contained mainly synthesisers and saxophone. It was recorded at Armstrong Studios with Braund and Green producing, they used the same personnel as for Braund\'s solo album. McFarlane noted that *Cybotron* \"featured a mix of heavy synthesiser kinetics, organ drones and pulsating electronic beats\". The group were influenced by Ash Ra Tempel, Hawkwind and Tangerine Dream. They created minimalist, repetitive electronica similar to Kraftwerk\'s *Autobahn* (November 1974). Cybotron were pioneers of Australian electronic music with their version of Kraut rock while the local music scene was dominated by pub rock.
Clear Light of Jupiter was owned by Jeremy Fiebiger (also owner of a record store, Pipe Imports) and two business partners, Daniel and Charlie O\'Halloran. Fiebiger also managed Cybotron. Australian music journalist, Andrew Feyne, described the group as \"Absolutely brilliant, keyboard dominated, late progressive band with a massive symphonic sound\". A live album, *Saturday Night Live*, was issued in 1977 from an on-air radio broadcast on 3ZZ in Melbourne. It was followed in 1978 by their second studio album, *Colossus*, with Colin Butcher joining to provide drums, percussion, and synthesiser. McFarlane felt it had a \"more progressive edge backed by a massive symphonic sound\". Allmusic\'s Richard Foss noted they had \"hit a peak with *Colossus*, which benefited from the presence of drummer and synth player Colin Butcher. This album sold better in Europe and the U.S.A. as an import than it did in Australia, and for a few milliseconds it looked like the band might break internationally\".
By 1980 Braund and Green had split, with Braund recording Cybotron\'s third studio album, *Implosion*, which was issued on Cleopatra Records that year and included Mark Jones on bass guitar, guitar, and keyboards; and Matthews returning on drums and keyboards. McFarlane described it as having \"followed the symphonic route, but with a pop tinge to a couple of tracks\". \"Eureka\", from *Implosion*, was played on United States college radio stations. By 1981 Cybotron had disbanded.
From September 2002 Mark Woods remastered their albums for CD. Also that year Green announced that Cybotron was in the process of recording new material. `{{As of|January 2009}}`{=mediawiki}, this material was not released. In January 2006 Cybotron\'s *Implosion* was re-released by Aztec Music in an expanded CD version with five of its bonus tracks from an incomplete and unreleased fourth studio album, *Abbey Moor*, planned for 1981.
In August 2020, Braund released *Return to Monster Planet*. In December 2022, Green released *Exodus to Genesis*
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# Panther (legendary creature)
A **panther** is a creature in ancient legend that resembles a big cat with a multicoloured hide.
According to medieval beliefs, after feasting, the panther will sleep in a cave for a total of three days. After this period ends, the panther roars, in the process emitting a sweet smelling odor. This odor draws in any creatures who smell it (the dragon being the only creature immune); they are eaten by the panther, and the cycle begins again.
The ancient Greeks believed the panther was one of the favored mounts of the god Dionysus.
Other names for this creature are **pantera**, **pantere**, and **love cervere**.
## Illustration
Usually depicted as a type of cat, the panther was at times depicted in other forms. It was depicted as a donkey, as a composite creature with a horned head, long neck and a horse\'s body, and as a host of other forms. (The word \"panther\", in Greek, could be interpreted as \"every wild beast\", supporting the idea of a composite creature.) This was mostly because those involved did not know what a panther should look like; but, in some instances, this was due to cultural influences. In Germany in particular, the panther is often depicted in heraldry as a creature with four horns, cow\'s ears and a fiery red tongue. An example of the former is the flag and coat of arms of the city of Cres, Croatia.
## Heraldry
upright=0.6\|thumb\|left\|A panther as described in medieval bestiaries and used in heraldry In heraldry the panther is commonly used in a form known as the **panther incensed**. In this form, the panther is depicted with flames coming from its mouth and ears, representing the panther\'s sweet odour.
The heraldic panther is usually shown with coloured spots (semée of roundels), which are frequently blue and red. The arms of the Worshipful Company of Dyers, however, have as supporters two panthers with red, blue, green, purple and black spots. These colours are also seen on the badge of the National Crime Agency, which features a panther as one of its supporters. The panther was used by Henry VI of England as his badge and by other members of the House of Lancaster.
thumb\|upright=0.6\|The coat of arms of Styria, Austria A panther which is all silver (argent) is seen in the coat of arms of the Austrian province of Styria (Steiermark) on green (Vert) shield
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# East Coast Bays AFC
**East Coast Bays** is a football club located on Auckland\'s North Shore. The club competes in the Northern League, the second tier of New Zealand football. The club has won the Chatham Cup and the NRFL Premier Division three times.
## History
East Coast Bays were founded following a public meeting held at the Progressive Hall (since demolished and replaced by the Bays Club) in October 1958. The committee formed from this meeting entered four junior teams for the start of the 1959 season. As some committee members were supporters of the Scottish Rangers F.C., the colours of Royal Blue shirts, white shorts, and royal Blue sox were adopted.
East Coast Bays picked The Maxwell Farm as its ground with the pitch running north to south. The old Progress Hall on the site was adapted to serve as clubrooms.
A senior side was entered the next season and with the opening of the Auckland Harbour Bridge, the area boomed and the club grew in size to more than 1000 juniors in the late seventies and early eighties. Senior sides also grew in numbers and the first team slowly made its way through the leagues, and in 1965 when the Northern League was formed they were invited to compete in the first division.
Under coach Alan Yates, the club won promotion to the National League in 1981 but was relegated the following year.
Player numbers continued to grow and Mairangi Bay simply couldn\'t cope with the numbers even with an additional ground at Windsor Park. This cause a breakaway of a faction of club members to form the Rangitoto club which also saw a decline in the number of junior teams.
Successive administrations lobbied the East Coast Bays Council for more grounds and at the same time new ground criteria for clubs playing in the Northern League Premier Division meant Mairangi Park was no longer suitable for playing top football. This meant that the club spent a couple of seasons using the new ground that was developed behind Rangitoto College.
Land off Anderson\'s Road originally designated but no longer required for a school was acquired by the council and it was agreed that the club would move there once facilities were built and grounds developed. In 1991 the club moved to its new headquarters at the newly named Bays City Park.
Since then clubroom facilities have been developed, further grounds have been obtained at Ashley Reserve.
## Sponsorship
East Coast Bays announced Team Mitchell and Harcourts Cooper & Co as their main kit sponsor for the 2024 season. In February 2025, Bays announced Dynasty Sport would be the new apparel provider of the club
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# Rolando Tinio
**Rolando Santos Tinio** (March 5, 1937 -- July 7, 1997) was a Filipino poet, dramatist, director, actor, critic, essayist and educator.
## Biography
Rolando Tinio was a Philippine National Artist for Theater and Literature. He was born in Gagalangin, Tondo, Manila on March 5, 1937. As a child, Tinio was fond of organizing and directing his playmates for costumed celebrations. He was an active participant in the Filipino movie industry and enjoyed working with Philippine celebrities who he himself had admired in his childhood. Tinio himself became a film actor and scriptwriter. He is often described as a religious, well-behaved and gifted person. Tinio graduated with honors (a magna cum laude achiever) with a degree in Philosophy from the Royal and Pontifical University of Santo Tomas at age 18 in 1955 and an M.F.A. degree in Creative Writing: Poetry from the University of Iowa.
In Iowa, Tinio was known as a great writer that used English as the medium of the Filipino writer. He wrote his poetic collection: Rage and Ritual which won an award from the University of the Philippines. Bienvenido Lumbera, also an alumnus of the Royal and Pontifical University of Santo Tomas, describes this collection as elegant and with a truly contemporary tone if taken from the European literary critical view. At this point in time, Tinio believed that only English can hone the themes that he wanted to communicate in his works. Once, in a conference, an author delivered his belief in the value of the Tagalog dialect in Creative Writing. In response to this, Tinio published an article in the scholarly journal *Philippine Studies*, which contained parts of English poems translated into Tagalog. The article\'s purpose was to prove the inadequacy of Tagalog as the writer\'s medium (Lumbera).
In the mid-1960s, however, Tinio decided to try writing in Tagalog and the product of this trial was the collection of poems now called *Bagay*. Rolando Tinio was the sole inventor of \"Taglish\" in Philippine poetry. Through this, he gave an authentic tone to the poetry of the native middle-class Filipino. In 1972, Tinio wrote another poetry collection, *Sitsit sa Kuliglig*, and this showed the great contrast between his old and new advocacy. If in *Rage and Ritual*, portrayals of art and the artist that are not closely associated with the Filipino lifestyle are communicated, *Sitsit sa Kuliglig* clearly portrays the everyday experiences of a Tondo-grown individual now living in Loyola Heights. Heaven and earth; the gap between Tinio\'s works in English and those in Tagalog (Lumbera).
Tinio was also an actor, director, and a set and costume designer. He served all these roles during his stay with the Ateneo Experimental Theater. Tinio chose the plays, designs the stage, directs, creates the costumes and determines the musical score and other sounds. Productions of the Ateneo Experimental Theater are completely his vision. In his production of Oedipus Rex, he replaced the Greek costumes with modern renditions made primarily of metal pipes supposedly to express the thought of the industrial 20th century (Lumbera).
His work with the Ateneo Experimental Theater expresses the concept of the actor being merely one of the director\'s tools in shaping the stage; communicate his vision through all aspects of the production. The last production of Tinio\'s \"personal\" theater company was entitled *?*. The production was performed in a classroom rather than an auditorium and Tinio made the actors mingle freely with the audience. There is no real \"meaning\" in the action and there is no definite storyline. The \"meaning\" is hidden in the intentional actions of the actors and the unexpected reply of the audience (Lumbera).
He published four seminal books of poems between 1972 and 1993, in which, along with his longtime friend, Bienvenido Lumbera, helped modernize the traditionally sentimental Filipino style. He had also worked on his own projects such as the Ateneo Experimental Theater productions and other serious dramas in Filipino. His contributions to Philippine literature and theater are immense. His contributions include establishing the Filipino Department of Ateneo de Manila.
Circa 1976, Tinio also wrote the lyrics for the six hymns of the \"*Misa ng Alay-Kapwa*\", the music for which was composed by Fr. Eduardo P. Hontiveros, S.J. The most popular of these hymns still sung in Churches throughout the Philippines is *Buksan ang Aming Puso.* These hymns were published in the now-out of print *Mga Awiting Pansamba*.
## Illness and death {#illness_and_death}
Rolando Santos Tinio was directing a musical when he suffered a heart attack in Manila on July 7, 1997. He died on July 8, 1997, at age 60. His wife, theater and film actress Ella Luansing, had died some years before. He was survived by his two children, Antonio and Victoria.
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# Rolando Tinio
## Work
### Poetry collections {#poetry_collections}
- \"Sitsit sa Kuliglig\" (Whistling at Cicadas) or (Shusshing Cicadas) (1972)
- \"Dunung-Dunungan\" (Pedantry) (1975)
- \"Kristal na Uniberso\" (Crystal Universe) (1989)
- \"Trick of Mirrors\" (1993)
- \"Ang Burgis sa Kanyang Almusal\"(1970)
### Translated plays {#translated_plays}
- \"Laruang Kristal\" (The Glass Menagerie) (1966)
- \"Pahimakas sa Isang Ahente\" (Death of a Salesman) (1966)
- \"Paghihintay Kay Godo\" (Waiting for Godot) (1967)
- \"Miss Julie\" (1967)
- \"Rama Hari\" (Rama, King) (1980)
### Essay collections {#essay_collections}
- \"A Matter of Language, Where English Fails\" (1990)
### Newspaper columns {#newspaper_columns}
- \"Touchstones\" for Metro Manila (1977)
- \"Totally Tinio\" for *Manila Chronicle* (1986--1987, 1990)
- \"In Black and White\" for *Philippine Daily Globe* (1987--1989)
## Filmography
### Film
- *Aguila* (1980)
- *Of the Flesh* (1983) - Bino
- *Bilangin ang Bituin sa Langit* (1989) -- Principal
- *Demonstone* (1990) -- Prof. Olmeda
- *Kadenang Bulaklak* (1994) - Fr. Barrientos
- *Forever* (1994) -- Mr. Malicsi
- *Run Barbi Run* (1995) -- Mr. Tengko
- *Muling Umawit ang Puso* (1995) -- Dindo
- *May Nagmamahal Sa\'yo* (*Madonna and Child*) (1996) - Father Nicandro
- *Mumbaki* (1996) -- Ngidulu
- *Bakit May Kahapon Pa?* (1996) - Priest
- *Milagros* (1997) -- Fr. Fermin
- *Curacha: Ang Babaeng Walang Pahinga* (1998) -- Propaganda vendor
- *Sa Pusod ng Dagat* (1998) -- Apo
### Television
- *A Dangerous Life* (1988) - Jaime Sin
- *Noli Me Tangere* (1993) -- Pilosopong Tasio
- *Bayani* (1995) - Lolo
## Achievements
Tinio was known for translating Western classics, which includes the works of Sophocles, Shakespeare, Ibsen, Chekhov, Puccini and Verdi, into Tagalog. He did these translations in order to advance the Filipino language. He was a prolific poet and writer who helped establish the Filipino-language drama in the 1970s.
He was made a National Artist of the Philippines for Theater and Literature in 1997.
### Other achievements of Tinio {#other_achievements_of_tinio}
- Ten Outstanding Young Men (1967)
- Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan, City government of Manila (1967)
- Gantimpalang Quezon sa Panitikan (1977)
- Gawad CCP Para Sa Sining for Theater (1993)
Year Award Category Nominated work Result
------ -------------- ----------------- ---------------- --------
1998 Gawad Urian Best Screenplay *Milagros*
1999 FAMAS Awards Best Story *Sidhi*
## Family
Tinio was related to Manuel Tinio, a Tagalog revolutionary general who fought in the Ilocos during the Philippine-American War
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# Colin Milburn
**Colin Milburn** (23 October 1941 -- 28 February 1990) was an English cricketer, who played in nine Test matches for England, before an accident led to the loss of much of his sight and prompted his retirement.
Cricker writer Colin Bateman commented, \"he was a clean, natural hitter of the ball who had an infectious zest for the game and life\". Bateman added, \"he hit the ball with the strength of a lumberjack and he had the courage of a lion, but he was no Neanderthal clubber\".
## Early life {#early_life}
Milburn was born in Burnopfield, County Durham. His father, a local tradesman, was a noted professional player in Tyneside league cricket. The young Colin showed exceptional talent at the game, making his first-team debut at the age of thirteen. As a seventeen-year-old school pupil, he made his debut for Durham (then still a Minor county) in 1959, against the touring Indian team. Playing at Sunderland, Milburn scored a dynamic century, which brought him to the attention of the first-class counties. He dedicated the century to his school friend Stuart Turner, stating \"that was for you Stu\".
Milburn obtained seven O-levels from school in 1958 and went half-way through his A-levels when he left school for a cricket career. Milburn\'s mother wanted him to go to Teacher Training College before taking up cricket.
## First-class career {#first_class_career}
In 1960, Milburn signed for Northamptonshire because they offered 10 shillings a week more than Warwickshire. He soon made a name for himself with his forceful strokeplay and useful medium-paced bowling, backed up by a larger-than-life, gregarious and convivial personality. By 1963 he was being talked about for the England team, but an indifferent game for Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) against Frank Worrell\'s West Indians meant he was passed over. He also taught PE during the off season at Cherry Orchard SM School in Northampton, just about a mile from the site of his later accident.
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# Colin Milburn
## Test career {#test_career}
Milburn had a reputation as an all-or-nothing batsman, sparkling centuries alternating with indifferent scores, but by 1966 he had forced himself back into the Test reckoning. Selected for the First Test against the West Indies, he had the most ignominious start for an opener, run out for a first-innings duck. He redeemed himself with 94 in the second innings as England went down to a heavy defeat. An aggressive century (126 not out) helped England to draw the Second Test, and despite standing up courageously to the formidable Caribbean pace attack in the following matches, he was dropped for the final Test, supposedly because his bulk hindered his mobility in the field. Milburn\'s riposte was typical of the man, an innings of 203 for Northamptonshire against Essex. His swashbuckling season earned him a nomination as one of *Wisden\'s* Cricketers of the Year in the 1967 edition.
That winter Milburn travelled to Australia, where he played Sheffield Shield cricket for Western Australia. He played a Test against India and against Pakistan in 1967, and was selected to tour the West Indies in the winter, where he was much more successful off the field than on. He was picked for the Lord\'s Test against Australia in 1968, scoring 83, mostly before lunch on the second day, almost all of the first being lost to rain. He had been listed to bat at number six, but was sent in with an aggressive move by England at the fall of the first wicket. The fact that he was an experienced opener was presumably a factor, the first wicket falling quite early. Milburn returned to Perth, where he enjoyed a prolific season for Western Australia. The highlight was an innings of 243 against Queensland in Brisbane, where he scored 181 runs between lunch and tea. Milburn was called up in an emergency to reinforce the MCC touring party in Pakistan. He scored a spectacular 139 in the Karachi Test in March 1969, before it was abandoned because of rioting. It was his highest Test score in what would prove to be his final Test innings.
## Injury and retirement {#injury_and_retirement}
Returning to Northampton for the 1969 season, Milburn started out with 158 against Leicestershire. On 23 May, he was returning home when he was involved in a motor accident. This cost him the sight of his left eye, the lead eye for a right-handed batsman. His right eye was also damaged. Taking as an example the Nawab of Pataudi, who had resumed his career after suffering eye damage, Milburn harboured thoughts of a comeback. On 8 January 1971, *The Times* reported his retirement, but Milburn did return in 1973 and 1974. However, he was a shadow of his former self, and these games did little beyond reducing his career batting average.
## After cricket {#after_cricket}
Milburn continued in league cricket, and went into the world of coaching youngsters, after dinner speaking, public appearances and radio commentary. However, on 28 February 1990, he collapsed with a heart attack in Newton Aycliffe and died in the ambulance on the way to hospital. His funeral was attended by hundreds, including ex-players and fans, with Ian Botham one of the pallbearers. Nicknamed \"Ollie\" in reference to Oliver Hardy. Milburn never married. He is buried at Burnopfield.
He was a subject of the television programme *This Is Your Life* in April 1970
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# Tauranga City AFC
**Tauranga City AFC** is a football club based in Tauranga, New Zealand. The men\'s and women\'s teams currently both compete in the NRFL Championship.
## Club history {#club_history}
Tauranga City AFC was formed in 1964, in 2000 they changed their name to Tauranga City United when Mt Maunganui AFC folded and the Tauranga City Council relocated the club to the formers ground at Links Avenue, Mt Maunganui. They dropped the United from their name again in 2017, returning to their original name 'Tauranga City AFC' when they merged with local junior side \'Mount Maunganui JFC'. Along with the merger the club also announced a new badge and a colour change from royal blue to sky blue.
Tauranga City AFC (TCAFC) is the only club in the 'WaiBOP' region to have an accredited New Zealand Football Talent Development Programme. This enables the club to have a full football pathway from its 'Mini Blues' (ages 4--6) to Senior football where they represent the Bay of Plenty in the Men\'s NRFL Division 1 and Women\'s NRFL Women\'s Championship.
In 2019, Tauranga City AFC was awarded Club of the Year for the WaiBOP region for its dedication to developing relationships with local schools and clubs to provide leading development programmes.
Tauranga City\'s best Chatham Cup season was in 2002, when they reached the final, only to be defeated by Napier City Rovers 2--0.
NRFL Division 1 honours 1985 Mount Maunganui United - Winners 1992 Tauranga City AFC - Winners 1998 Tauranga City AFC - Runners Up 2015 Tauranga City United - Runners Up
Tauranga City United played in the New Zealand National Soccer League in 2001, 2002 and 2003
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# Launch on warning
**Launch on warning** (**LOW**), or **fire on warning**, is a strategy of nuclear weapon retaliation where a retaliatory strike is launched upon warning of enemy nuclear attack and while its missiles are still in the air, before detonation occurs. It gained recognition during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States. With the invention of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), launch on warning became an integral part of mutually-assured destruction (MAD) theory. US land-based missiles can reportedly be launched within 5 minutes of a presidential decision to do so and submarine-based missiles within 15 minutes.
## History
Before the introduction of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), the US Strategic Air Command (SAC) had multiple bombers on patrol at all times in a program known as Operation Chrome Dome. In the event of a Soviet nuclear strike, SAC would order its already-airborne bombers to fly to the other country and to drop their nuclear payload on predetermined targets. The bombers were typically either B-47 Stratojets or B-52 Stratofortresses, and there were three major flight routes. Keeping bombers in the air assured that a second strike would be feasible even if the first strike impaired ground facilities. At the height of the Cold War, the US had special Boeing EC-135 \"Looking Glass\" aircraft that were equipped as control centers for the nuclear arsenal. The battle staff included a general or flag officer, who was authorized to order a retaliatory strike if the President could not be contacted.
Launch on warning has its roots in US President Dwight Eisenhower\'s \"Positive Control\" strategy but really took shape with the introduction of the Minuteman missile. Since many ICBMs, including the Minuteman, were launched from underground silos, the concern arose that a first strike by one nation could destroy the ground launch facilities of the other nation which thus could not retaliate.
In 1997, a US official stated that the US had the technical capability for launch on warning but did not intend to use a launch on warning posture and that the position had not changed in the 1997 presidential decision directive on nuclear weapon doctrine.
There were two primary options. One option, \"retaliation after ride-out,\" required the second-strike nation to wait until after it had been attacked to launch its missiles. Some portion of the nuclear arsenal would inevitably be destroyed in such an attack, which led to both superpowers investing heavily in survivable-basing modes for their nuclear forces, including hardened underground missile silos for ICBMs,`{{Better source needed|date=November 2020}}`{=mediawiki} and submarine-launched ballistic missiles. The other choice was \"launch on warning,\" the launch of nuclear missiles before the other side\'s missiles could destroy them. That became possible primarily because of improvements in missile technology that allowed for faster launches. The capability was further enhanced in the 1970s with the deployment of space-based launch detection technology on both sides: the American geosynchronous Defense Support Program and Soviet Oko satellites. Evidence found in declassified documents suggests that launch on warning was, at least in part, US policy from the late 1950s to at least the 1970s. The U.S. nuclear weapons employment policy was modified slightly in 1981, stipulating that the U.S. was henceforth \"not to rely on launching our nuclear forces in an irrevocable manner\" upon receipt of information that a Soviet missile attack was underway, but that the U.S. \"must be prepared to launch our recallable bomber forces upon warning that a Soviet nuclear attack has been initiated.\"
Strategies are available that can reduce the effectiveness of a launch-on-warning stance. For example, the first-strike nation can use a technique, called X-ray pin-down, to delay a retaliatory response. It involves a barrage of submarine-based missiles fired from close range in a \"depressed trajectory\" mode that reaches its targets in minutes. The warheads would be set to explode every minute or so at high altitudes, which would significantly disrupt the attacked nation\'s ability to launch its own ICBMs.
### China
In the 2020s, some of China\'s nuclear forces are reported to have moved toward a launch on warning posture
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# LG Twins
The **LG Twins** (*LG 트윈스*) are a South Korean professional baseball team based in Seoul, South Korea. They are a member of the KBO League. The Twins play their home games at Jamsil Baseball Stadium, which they share with their rivals, the Doosan Bears.
## History
The club was established in 1982 as MBC Chungyong, owned by the Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation. In the first part of the 1982 season, the team played at Dongdaemun Baseball Stadium; in the second part of the season, they moved to their current home, Jamsil Baseball Stadium.
The Chungyong were initially led by player-manager Baek In-chun, who had spent 19 seasons in Japan\'s Nippon Professional Baseball. Aged 38, Baek led the league in hitting in 1982, with a record-setting .412 batting average. As manager, Baek brought the Japanese \"small ball\" technique to his team, focusing on sacrifice bunts, stolen bases, and sacrifice flies. Although the team finished above .500 in 1982, Baek was dismissed by the team after the season.
In `{{baseball year|1989}}`{=mediawiki}, the franchise was acquired by the LG Corporation, which renamed the team the LG Twins. The following year, the Twins won their first Korean Series title with Baek In-chun as their manager. In 1994, they won their second championship. The Korean Series MVP was Kim Yong-soo in both Series, and his jersey number 41 was later retired. However, after their Korean Series appearance in 2002, the team went through the dark ages, not making the postseason for eleven years until 2013, when they earned the second seed in the regular season and qualified for the playoff series, where they were eliminated by the Doosan Bears. Between 2014 and 2022, the Twins made six postseason appearances, but failed to return to the Korean Series. In 2023, they reached their first Korean Series since 2002 by virtue of winning the regular season title. In the finals, the Twins, led by captain and Korean Series MVP Oh Ji-hwan, defeated the KT Wiz 4--1 in five games, ending the club\'s 29-year championship drought.
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# LG Twins
## Season-by-season records {#season_by_season_records}
Season Stadium League Finish Regular season
------------------- ----------------------------- -------------- -------- ---------------- ------ ----
Rank Games Wins Losses Draws Win% BA
**MBC Chungyong**
1982 Dongdaemun Baseball Stadium KBO 3/6 3/6 40 22
Jamsil Baseball Stadium 3/6 40 24
1983 KBO 2/6 3/6 50 25
1/6 50 30
1984 KBO 4/6 3/6 50 27
3/6 50 24
1985 KBO 5/6 5/6 55 24
6/6 55 20
1986 KBO 3/7 4/7 54 28
3/7 54 31
1987 KBO 5/7 5/7 54 24
4/7 54 26
1988 KBO 6/7 7/7 54 17
6/7 54 23
1989 KBO 6/7 6/7 120 49
**LG Twins**
1990 Jamsil Baseball Stadium KBO 1/7 1/7 120 71
1991 KBO 6/8 6/8 126 53
1992 KBO 7/8 7/8 126 53
1993 KBO 4/8 4/8 126 66
1994 KBO 1/8 1/8 126 81
1995 KBO 3/8 2/8 126 74
1996 KBO 7/8 7/8 126 50
1997 KBO 2/8 2/8 126 73
1998 KBO 2/8 3/8 126 63
1999 Magic League 3/8 3/4 132 61
2000 Magic League 4/8 1/4 133 67
2001 KBO 6/8 6/8 133 58
2002 KBO 2/8 4/8 133 66
2003 KBO 6/8 6/8 133 60
2004 KBO 6/8 6/8 133 59
2005 KBO 6/8 6/8 126 54
2006 KBO 8/8 8/8 126 47
2007 KBO 5/8 5/8 126 58
2008 KBO 8/8 8/8 126 46
2009 KBO 7/8 7/8 133 54
2010 KBO 6/8 6/8 133 57
2011 KBO 6/8 6/8 133 59
2012 KBO 7/8 7/8 133 57
2013 KBO 3/9 2/9 128 74
2014 KBO 4/9 4/9 128 62
2015 KBO 9/10 9/10 144 64
2016 KBO 4/10 4/10 144 71
2017 KBO 6/10 6/10 144 69
2018 KBO 8/10 8/10 144 68
2019 KBO 4/10 4/10 144 79
2020 KBO 4/10 4/10 144 79
2021 KBO 4/10 3/10 144 72
2022 KBO 3/10 2/10 144 87
2023 KBO 1/10 1/10 144 86
2024 KBO 3/10 3/10 144 76
## Team
### Current lineup {#current_lineup}
### Managers
- Baek In-chun (1982)
- Kim Dong-yeop (1983)
- Eo Woo-hong (1984--1985)
- Kim Dong-yeob (1986--1987)
- Yu Baek-man (1988)
- Bae Seong-seo (1989)
- Baek In-chun (1989--1991)
- Lee Kwang-hwan (1992--1994)
- Cheon Bo-seong (1995--1999)
- Lee Gwang-eun (2000--2001)
- Kim Sung-keun (2002)
- Lee Kwang-hwan (2003)
- Lee Sun-cheol (2004--2006)
- Kim Jae-bak (2007--2009)
- (2010--2011)
- Kim Ki-tae (2012--2014)
- Yang Sang-moon (2014--2017)
- Ryu Joong-il (2018--2020)
- Ryu Ji-hyun (2021--2022)
- Youm Kyoung-youb (2022--present)
## In popular culture {#in_popular_culture}
The team featured prominently in the tvN drama *Reply 1994*, where the team\'s 1994 head coach is a main character. In the drama, the team is referenced under a different name, \"Seoul Twins\" (*서울 쌍둥이*), due to trademark issues with the LG Corporation.
In 2023, TVING released the original documentary *Our Game: LG Twins*, directed by Lee Hyun-hee, covering behind-the-scenes stories inside and outside the stadium. It received praise for its unique documentary and became the best original documentary in TVING\'s history in terms of paid subscriptions
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# Glenfield Rovers
**Glenfield Rovers** was a semi-professional football club based in Glenfield, New Zealand. The men\'s team competed in the NRFL Division 1 in 2020, having suffered relegation from the NRFL Premier in 2019. The women\'s team competed in the NRFL Women\'s Premier League, finishing 2nd with 40 points in the 2019 season.
## History
In 1960 Glenfield Rovers began as the \"Chelsea Sugar Refinery\" football team. It was then reformed under the guidance of Fons Scheirlinck and permitted to play Sunday football. In 1961, Chelsea Association Football Club was formed from the refinery team and affiliated to the Auckland Football Association. In 1963, Chelsea A.F.C. was renamed as Glenfield Rovers A.F.C. and moved to its current home today of McFetridge Park.
In 2020 the club put an amalgamation proposal forward to members to merge with Forrest Hill Milford. The vote passed 86.5% in favor and the amalgamation between the two clubs began as the new, Northern Rovers.
Today the club has a two-level clubrooms consisting of a formal lounge, fully licensed bar and kitchen, thirteen changing rooms, four full size fields of which three are fully floodlit, an 85-car capacity car park and 200-person grandstand.
The main local rival was Birkenhead United and was viewed by many`{{who|date=April 2020}}`{=mediawiki} as the biggest rivalry in New Zealand football.
1000 members enjoy a variety of levels of football in the winter season which include 18 midget teams, 13 junior and 8 youth teams, 18 senior men\'s teams and 4 senior women\'s teams. A further 1000 enjoy the summer sevens, which runs Wednesday and Friday nights from Labour weekend to Easter weekend. Summer sevens was the first of its kind in Auckland, playing on a third of a field, with small goals and seven players on the field.
For many years Glenfield Rovers was the only North Shore team with a Premier Women\'s team and has a proud history in the women\'s game
The midget programme is run on a Friday night which enables members to enjoy other winter sports as well and gives children the novelty of playing under floodlights. The junior and youth teams as well as most of the senior teams play in the Northern and Auckland Football Federation competitions in a season which lasts from early April through to late August
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# Robin Hobbs
**Robin Nicholas Stuart Hobbs** (8 May 1942 -- 17 March 2024) was an English cricketer who played in seven Tests for England from 1967 to 1971. He played first-class cricket for both Essex and Glamorgan.
Cricket writer, Colin Bateman, remarked, \"Hobbs was the last specialist leg-spinner to play for England before Ian Salisbury revived the art in 1992. A good spinner of the ball although he lacked the googly, an inventive batsman and great character, he was an immensely popular cricketer\".
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Leg spinners have proved a rarity in post-war English cricket, thanks in part to the rise of one day cricket, and Hobbs was the last specialist to play for England before the emergence of Ian Salisbury.
Hobbs was born in Chippenham, Wiltshire but after moving to Scotland for a period during the war he grew up in Dagenham in east London. A keen ornithologist, Robin collected tropical birds in an aviary that he built behind his father\'s shop. This notably included a toucan which he named Terry. He made his debut for Essex in 1961 and for England in 1967, but his well flighted leg breaks failed to discomfort Indian and Pakistani batsmen raised on spin. His batting was unregarded, making his 44-minute century against the touring Australians in 1975, all the more remarkable.
After fourteen years with Essex, Hobbs retired to minor county cricket with Suffolk, before re-emerging four years later after being invited to captain Glamorgan. He was Glamorgan captain in 1979 (a year in which the county didn\'t win a first class match) then played two more seasons under the captaincy of Malcolm Nash. He returned to Suffolk for the 1982 season, then retired.
Hobbs was the last English leg spin bowler to take 1,000 first-class wickets in his career. In all he took 1,099 scalps, with a best of 8 for 63 at an average of 27.09. An economy rate of 2.86 is testament to his accuracy, while a strike rate of 56.7 ranks with any spinner of his generation.
Hobbs died from complications following bowel surgery on 17 March 2024, at the age of 81
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# Mangere United
**Mangere United** is a community football club football (soccer) club in Mangere, Auckland, New Zealand. They are currently a member of the Auckland Football Federation.
In 2018, Mangere United went in a partnership with fellow South Auckland club Manukau City to form Manukau United, who currently play in the NRFL Premier.
## History
In 2000 it became evident that there was a large Fijian Indian population in Auckland including young men who played or wished to play football with an established club. The founders of the club then saw the need for a football club in Auckland to provide players of Fijian origin and chose Mangere as a suitable location due to the concentration of Fijian Indian\'s in the area. The founders of the Club are Mr Mohammed Imran (former president), Mr James Kado (former secretary, now Chairman), Mr Patrick Herman (former manager) and Mr Ramu Prasad (former coach).
## Playing strip and emblem {#playing_strip_and_emblem}
The founders decided on a black strip because no other club in Auckland seemed to use those colours. Coincidentally, it also includes one colour of the Fijian national football team kit. Black strip is also colours of Fijian giants Ba FC.
The Fijian Indian element can be seen on their emblem with a Fijian whale tooth carving holding a prominent place.
## Background
The club has a distinctly Fijian-Indian feel with the majority of players having a Fijian-Indian origin, being either born in Fiji or resided or recently moved to New Zealand. Due to that, the style of play often resembles creative passing, strong running and exciting football to watch.
The only other successful New Zealand football clubs with ethnic origins are Wellington Olympic AFC (Greek), Central United (Croatian) and to some extent Wellington United (Dutch and -- historically -- Hungarian).
## Home ground {#home_ground}
The club\'s home ground is Centre Park in Mangere. It previously housed a club rooms, which burnt down in 2005. A major renovation of the ground saw a small stadium being built in 2011, along with landscaping of an embankment area for further seating. The ground is home of ethnic and Fijian tournaments in Auckland and junior and women\'s international games have been held.
## Derby
While there are many other football clubs in close proximity to the club, a loose derby exists with Onehunga-Mangere United due to name and location similarities between the clubs. In the derby context, Mangere United is known as Onehunga-Mangere United\'s *cousins from the valley* (Onehunga-Mangere United\'s home ground being on top of an extinct volcano).
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# Mangere United
## Interesting facts {#interesting_facts}
Mangere United\'s war cry commences before each game without fail. It includes all players entering into a huddle immediately prior to kick off on the field each player placing one hand in the centre and counting down from 3 to then yell \"Mangere!\" while thrusting hands into the sky.
It is, along with Central United and South Auckland Rangers, the last remaining ethnic club in Auckland. Despite this, the club welcomes players of all nationalities and includes several players of non Fijian origin on its roster.
The lingua franca spoken by the players during games is Fijian Hindi with English generally only spoken to players of a non Fijian origin.
The club was set for promotion to the Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Division 1 when it played the 2009 promotion match with Papatoetoe AFC. In spectacular fashion, over half of the first team roster made themselves unavailable after accepting invitations to play in a Fijian-Indian football tournament in Los Angeles, United States on the same weekend. Not surprisingly, the club lost out on promotion.
The team always says a pray in a huddle in the changing room before each game.
The year 2009 was a season of sorts. After losing 8 games in the first round and sitting second to last at the wrong end of the standings, relegation looked inevitable. The signing of Kindness Agwu and David Firisua plus the newly found form of Justin Fredickson and Safraz Ali marked a turn-around for the club. The team went on an amazing 14 games undefeated (drawing only twice) to close out the season in 4th place.
## Honours
In 2001 the club won the Northern League Division Three. In 2002 the club won the Northern League Division Two.
The club has played in the Northern Premier League three times before (2004, 2005, 2006) with its best placing an 8th out of 14 teams in 2004.
The club\'s best record in the Chatham Cup is reaching the last 16 in 2004. It lost 1--2 to Waitakere United.
Mangere United are the Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Division 2 2010 Champions.
## Notable players {#notable_players}
**Mangere United** has several former and current players who have represented their country at various levels:
- Vishal Lal -- *Played for Fiji at U17 (1999 U17 World Cup Oceania qualifiers) and national futsal level*.
- Sumendra Pooni -- *Played for Fiji at U17 (1999 U17 World Cup Oceania qualifiers) level*.
- Thabiso Elliot Tleane -- *played for Pretoria university fc*
- Justin Fredrickson -- *Played for New Zealand at U16 level*.
- Naveen Prasad -- *Played for New Zealand at U16 and U17 level*.
- Stu Bola -- *Played for Fiji at senior level*.
- David Firisua -- *Played for Solomon Islands at senior level*.
- Johnny Worley -- *Played for New Zealand at Secondary Schools level*.
- Surfsraz Ali Akbar -- *Played for Fiji at U17, U19, U21 and U23*.
- Sumeet Shankaran -- *Played for Fiji at U20 and U23*.
- William Lasaqa -- *Played for Fiji at senior level*.
- Krishna Samy -- *Played for Fiji at senior level*.
- Sanni Issa- *Played for Auckland City FC*.
- Mario Billen -- *Played for Croatia at Youth Level*.
- Salesh Kumar -- *Played for Fiji at senior level*.
- Shameel Rao -- *Played for Fiji at senior level*.
- Ernesto Lopez -- *Played for NZ at Futsal Competitions*.
- Dae Wook Kim -- *Played for Auckland City FC*
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# Brooklyn Dodgers (AAFC)
The **Brooklyn Dodgers** were an American football team that played in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) from 1946 to 1948. The team is unrelated to the Brooklyn Dodgers that played in the National Football League from 1930 to 1943. The team folded prior to the 1949 season and was merged with the New York Yankees to form the Brooklyn-New York Yankees.
## Team history {#team_history}
The Brooklyn Dodgers of the new AAFC held their first training camp in the summer of 1946 out west in central Oregon in the small town of Bend. Led by head coach Mal Stevens, some 62 members of the team assembled in Bend in the middle of July of that year. The team played two preseason games in the Pacific Northwest, the first in Portland against the Chicago Rockets at Multnomah Stadium on August 18, and the following Saturday night in Spokane against the New York Yankees at Gonzaga Stadium. On August 30, 1946 they played their one and only official preseason game at the Akron Rubber Bowl against the Cleveland Browns; they lost 35-20. That season the Dodgers were second in the Eastern division with a record of 3-10-1. After 7 games, head coach Mal Stevens was replaced with Cliff Battles. In 1947, they also went 3-10-1 but finished third in the Eastern Division. In 1948, their last season before merging with the New York Yankees, Carl Voyles was their coach. The team went 2-10 and finished fourth in the Eastern Division of the AAFC.
The star of the Dodgers was passing halfback Glenn Dobbs, an All-American at the University of Tulsa
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# Heights (film)
***Heights*** is a 2005 American drama film directed by Chris Terrio and written by Amy Fox, based on her 2001 stage play of the same name. It follows a pivotal twenty-four hours in the interconnected lives of five New Yorkers. It stars Elizabeth Banks, James Marsden, Glenn Close, Jesse Bradford, and John Light. Numerous prominent actors such as Eric Bogosian, George Segal, and Isabella Rossellini appear in supporting roles.
*Heights* was produced by Merchant Ivory Productions. It premiered at the 2005 Sundance Film Festival on January 24, 2005, and received a limited theatrical release in the United States on June 17, 2005, through Sony Pictures Classics.
## Plot
Over the course of 24 hours, a group of New Yorkers, whose lives are interconnected, must make pivotal decisions about their relationships. Most notably, Isabel, a photographer, is having second thoughts about her engagement to Jonathan, while her award-winning actress mother Diana suspects that her husband is having an affair and thus questions the open nature of her marriage.
## Cast
- Glenn Close - Diana Lee
- Elizabeth Banks - Isabel Lee
- James Marsden - Jonathan Kestler
- Jesse Bradford - Alec Lochka
- John Light - Peter Cole
- Rufus Wainwright - Jeremy
- Denis O\'Hare - Andrew
- Eric Bogosian - Henry
- George Segal - Rabbi Mendel
- Andrew Howard - Ian
- Isabella Rossellini - Liz
- Matthew Davis - Mark
- Michael Murphy - Jesse
- Chandler Williams - Juilliard Macbeth
- Bess Wohl - Juilliard Lady Macbeth
- Thomas Lennon - Marshall
- Jim Parsons - Oliver
- Angel Desai - Laura
## Release
In January 2004, Sony Pictures Classics acquired distribution rights to the film for North and Latin America, Australia, New Zealand, Scandinavia and Spain. The film premiered at the 2005 Sundance Film Festival on January 24, 2005, before receiving a limited theatrical release on June 17.
## Reception
### Critical response {#critical_response}
`{{MC film|59|25|ref=yes|access-date=2023-02-26}}`{=mediawiki} Roger Ebert gave the film a positive review, stating that \"its chief pleasure comes through simple voyeurism. It is entertaining to see the lives of complex people become brutally simple all of a sudden. Variety noted the quality of the ensemble acting.
### Box office {#box_office}
*Heights* grossed \$1.2 million in the United States and Canada, and \$0.1 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of \$1.3 million.
### Awards
The film received an award from the Casting Society of America for Best Independent Feature Film Casting (with the award going to James Calleri)
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# Papakura City FC
**Papakura City FC** is a New Zealand football (soccer) club based in Papakura, Auckland, New Zealand. The club currently competes in the AFF/NFF Conference. The club also fields teams in all junior divisions, as well as a Women\'s team that competes in the Lotto NRFL Women\'s Premier League. Papakura play their home games at McLennan Park, Papakura.
## Club history {#club_history}
The club was founded in 1959 and is based at McLennan Park, Papakura. Papakura City was the first club to be coached by future All Whites national coach Ricki Herbert. Papakura City\'s best performance in the Chatham Cup was a quarter-final appearance in 2005. The men\'s squad has included in the past several ex and current international players including Junior Bukalidi (Fiji), Apisai Smith (Fiji), Valerio Nawatu (Fiji), Nicholas Lawrence (Fiji), Daniel Billot (NZ U20\'s) and Harry Hillary-Jenkins (PNG). Ex-club members who have gone on to higher honours include Tim Payne (current Wellington Phoenix FC and All Whites), Thomas Spragg (NZ U-17 and U-20), and Alex Greive (current Dundee United). Current club membership stands at over 1000+, with 64 teams covering all age groups (junior and youth---boys and girls, senior men, and senior women)
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# Ellerslie AFC
**Ellerslie AFC** is an association football club based in Ellerslie, New Zealand. The senior men\'s team currently competes in the NRFL Championship. The senior women\'s team competes in the NRFL Premiership.
## Club history {#club_history}
Ellerslie AFC\'s history goes back to the original founding of the Auckland Football Association in 1887, whereby it was one of the seven clubs to participate in the Association\'s inaugural competition. The Club continued into the second season of organised soccer in Auckland, but, like the playing of the game at that time, did not continue past that point. Auckland football had slipped into a period of recess, due to the lack of suitable grounds, and Ellerslie became an early victim of the break in competition.
Come 1953 and the club was reformed through the efforts of a number of families. Enough members were gathered to form two senior teams in that first season, with games played at the Michaels Avenue ground, while training sessions took place at Ellerslie Domain, courtesy of the local rugby league club\'s generosity in lending the club the land for this purpose. Training sessions on a Thursday evening consisted of a full-scale match between the previous Saturday\'s first team and reserves, an encounter from which the coming Saturday\'s line-ups were selected by the coaches and the committee members. The club has been based at Michaels Ave ever since, which they share with Ellerslie Cricket Club.
## Honours
**Men\'s Premier Team League Honours:**
- Northern Premier League -- 1993
- Country Foods Cup -- runner-up 1986
**Women\'s Premier Team League Honours:**
- New Zealand Women\'s National League -- qualification 2023
- Kate Sheppard Cup -- winners 2001, runners-up 2002; 2003
- AWFA Knockout Shield -- winners 1973, runners-up 1988; 1989
## Recent League positions - Men {#recent_league_positions___men}
- 2023 - Lotto NRFL Division 1 (7th)
- 2022 - Lotto NRFL Division 1 (7th)
- 2021 - Lotto NRFL Division 1 (10th) - cut short due to covid
- 2020 - Lotto NRFL Division 1 (10th) - cut short due to covid
- 2019 - Lotto NRFL Division 1 (10th)
- 2018 - Lotto NRFL Division 1 (7th)
- 2017 - Lotto NRFL Division 1 (10th)
- 2016 - Lotto NRFL Division 1 (6th)
- 2015 - Lotto NRFL Division 1 (4th)
- 2014 - Lotto NRFL Division 1 (5th)
- 2013 - Lotto NRFL Premier League (9th) - Relegated
- 2012 - Lotto NRFL Division 1 (2nd) - Promoted
- 2011 - Lotto NRFL Division 1 (4th)
- 2010 - Lotto NRFL Division 1 (1st)
- 2010 - Lotto NRFL Division 1B (4th)
- 2009 - Lotto NRFL Division 1 (6th)
## Recent League positions - Women {#recent_league_positions___women}
- 2023 - Lotto NRFL Premiership (4th)
- 2022 - Lotto NRFL Premiership (5th)
- 2021 - Lotto NRFL Premiership (5th) - cut short due to covid
- 2020 - Lotto NRFL Premiership (6th) - cut short due to covid
- 2019 - Lotto NRFL Championship (1st)
## Notable former players {#notable_former_players}
The following former Ellerslie AFC players have represented New Zealand or Football Ferns at senior international level
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# List of Bangladesh-related topics
This article lists articles on Wikipedia that are related to Bangladesh, Bengal and Bangladesh/Bengali culture. This is so that those interested in the subject can monitor changes to the pages by clicking on Related changes in the sidebar.
## General
- Media of Bangladesh
- The Concert for Bangladesh
- List of beaches in Bangladesh
## Places
### Historic places {#historic_places}
- Bikrampur
- Mainamati
- Mosque city of Bagerhat
- Somapura Mahavihara
- Sonargaon
- Mahasthangarh
- Paharpur
- Tajhat Palace
- Sitakot Vihara
### In Dhaka {#in_dhaka}
- Old Dhaka
- Bailey Road, Dhaka
- Kallyanpur
- Motijheel
- Nilkhet
- Ramna Park
- Suhrawardy Udyan
- Uttara (Town)
- Gulshan Thana
- Shahbag
- Azimpur
- Dhanmondi
- Mirpur Thana
- Shewrapara
- Shantinagar, Dhaka
### Other locations {#other_locations}
- Districts of Bangladesh
- Upazilas of Bangladesh
- Unions of Bangladesh
- Ashulia
- Benapole
- Gomostapur
- Bhaluka Upazila
- Chhagalnaiya Upazila
- Chhatak
- Dohogram
- Faridpur Sadar
- Fatullah
- Grand Trunk Road
- Homna Upazila
- Jat Area
- Khoksa
- Kumarkhali
- List of islands of Bangladesh
- Patenga
- Patiya Upazila
- Sandwip
- Savar Upazila
- Tajhat
- Teknaf Upazila
- St
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# Daisy Hill F.C.
**Daisy Hill F.C.** are an English football club founded in 1894 and located in Daisy Hill, Westhoughton, Greater Manchester. They play their home games at New Sirs, St James Street in Westhoughton, which has a capacity of 2000. They currently play in the `{{English football updater|DaisyHil}}`{=mediawiki} and are full members of the Lancashire County Football Association. In 1989 they changed name to **Westhoughton Town** before reverting to Daisy Hill in 1994. They are nicknamed \"The Cutters\".
## History
Daisy Hill were established in 1894. in the 1896--97 season they were Wigan & District League champions and also won the Westhoughton Cup, achieving both honours without losing a game all season. By the time of World War I the club were playing at their present ground, New Sirs and competing in the Leigh & District Senior Sunday School League. They then joined the Westhoughton League winning a number of honours in the 1920s and 1930s and during this time, Lancashire County Cricket Club cricketers Dick Pollard and Bill Farrimond both played football for Daisy Hill. Alf Gray, the future Torquay United player, also started his career with the club in the early 1930s.
The club folded some time before World War II and were re-formed in 1951, playing again in the Westhoughton League, but having moved to play on St. James Street Recreation and Cricket Ground before moving back to their current home in 1957. Having acquired the lease or the ground, Daisy Hill then started playing in the Bolton Combination. After dressing rooms were built for the start of the 1968--69 season they were crowned Bolton Combination Premier Division champions four times, the Bolton Combination Cup four times and the Lancashire County FA Amateur Shield twice.
In 1978 they joined the Lancashire Combination in which they competed for four seasons from 1978--79 to 1981--82, before becoming founder members of the North West Counties League Division Three in 1982, when a new clubhouse was built at New Sirs. In the 1986--87 season they finished fourth in Division Three, before it was absorbed into Division Two the following season when they reached the second round of the FA Vase. After the 1988--89 season the club changed name to Westhoughton Town, playing under the new name for five seasons from 1989--90 to 1993--94. before reverting to Daisy Hill for the 1994--95 season. They remained in Division Two for the next 14 seasons before the league was rebranded and Division Two was renamed the First Division in the 2008--09 season.
In the 2005--06 season, FC United of Manchester competed in the North West Counties League Second Division, and with their large support, the home match against them was moved to Victory Park, and a crowd of 1,682 was recorded. It was during the course of the 2005--06 season, where Daisy Hill\'s successful Under 18\'s side progressed to the FA Youth Cup First Round proper after beating non-league sides Prescot Cables, Retford United and Farsley Celtic. They finally succumbed 4--2 against League One opposition in the form of Doncaster Rovers. This was unprecedented and remains a first for a team from the Bolton Boys Federation to achieve this feat. This side also contained 8 young players who represented Lancashire FA at under 18s level, one of whom included former Inverness Caledonian Thistle, Dundee, Accrington Stanley and current Halifax Town player Danny Williams.
The club finished the 2013--14 season in one of the two relegation places, but avoided relegation following the resignations from the league of Leek CSOB and Formby.
On 12 February 2025, it was announced that Daisy Hill would be under new stewardship with social media influencer Aaron Hunt becoming their official chairman. Attendances flourished following the influence of Hunt and the club now attracts attendances of 200+. Social media stars such as Angryginge and Steve Bracknall have attended Daisy Hill FC\'s football games since Aaron Hunt took over as chairman.
## Attendances
### Averages
The average league-game attendance at New Sirs for the 2015--16 season was 40, placing Daisy Hill 17th for the division, and was a decrease of 21.2% from the previous season.
**Past averages**:
- 2014--15: 50
- 2013--14: 40
- 2012--13: 34
- 2011--12: 37
- 2010--11: 37
- 2009--10: 42
- 2008--09: 47
- 2007--08: 77
- 2006--07: 43
- 2005--06: 123
- 2004--05: 39
- 2003--04: 34
Source: [Tony Kempster\'s site](http://www.tonykempster.co.uk/) [Non League Matters](http://www.nonleaguematters.co.uk/) [NW Counties Football League site](http://www.nwcfl
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# Pat Pocock
**Patrick Ian Pocock** (born 24 September 1946) is a Welsh former cricketer, who played in 25 Test matches and one One Day International for the England cricket team between 1968 and 1985.
The cricket correspondent Colin Bateman opined, \"The selectors never really trusted Pat Pocock, although he was one of the most authentic spin bowlers of his generation. Pocock\'s action was textbook high; he spun the ball, varied his angles, and had a sweet loop.\"
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Pocock loved playing cricket, and had plenty of theories and experiments if the opposing batsmen got on top. His entire first-class cricket career was spent with Surrey County Cricket Club, and he got his first taste of the vagaries of international selection, when he replaced Fred Titmus, who had lost four toes in a boating accident, on the 1967--68 tour to the West Indies.
He then took 6 for 79 against Australia in the first Test at Old Trafford, Manchester, in 1968, and was then immediately dropped and replaced by Derek Underwood. Pocock was not selected again in the series, and appeared only sporadically thereafter. His next two home Tests were against the West Indies in 1976, but his final recall was some eight years and 86 Tests later; only Derek Shackleton (103 Tests) and Les Jackson (96 Tests) had previously missed more matches between Test appearances. Pocock finished his Test career on a happy note, under the captaincy of David Gower, and in a successful partnership with Phil Edmonds on England\'s 1984--85 tour of India.
Pocock is also known for having taken seven wickets in eleven balls for Surrey against Sussex in 1972. He captained Surrey in his final season in 1986, having made his debut for them in 1964. He finished with 1,607 first-class wickets at 26.53, with best bowling figures of 9 for 57
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# Jhal Magsi
**Jhal Magsi** (Urdu and *جھل مگسی}}*) is a town in Jhal Magsi District, Balochistan, Pakistan. It is a purely baloch area and was part of the Kalat native state during the colonial period.
The town is the headquarters of the Ehltiazzai, Magsi and Lashari tribe, the major tribes within the district. Historically, the Magsis are a Baloch ethnicity who migrated from iran with other Baloch tribes like Rind and Lashar and they are called magsi due to the city they belonged Magas in lishar iran. The present leader (*sardar*) of the Magsi tribe is Zulfqar Ali Khan Magsi, former chief minister of Balochistan And Sardar of Lashari tribe is Sardar Jalal Khan Lashari. A desert car rally is arranged every year as Jhal Magsi Desert Race. The racers participate from all over the Pakistan. Many foreign drivers also participate in the event. The City is also known for ancient places and tourist attractions like Peer Chattal Shah Noorani, Taj Mahal of Balochistan (Moti, Gohram Lashari Tomb) Moti was wife of mir Gohram Lashari, Moola River, Peer Lakha and more.
## Jhal Magsi Desert Challenge {#jhal_magsi_desert_challenge}
The Jhal Magsi Desert Challenge is an annual off-road motorsport event held in the Jhal Magsi District of Balochistan, Pakistan. Established in 2005, the rally has become one of the country\'s premier off-road racing competitions, attracting participants from across Pakistan and neighboring countries. The event is known for its challenging terrain, featuring a mix of loose gravel, sand dunes, salt flats, and hard surfaces, which test the skills and endurance of drivers and their vehicles.
The rally typically spans several days, beginning with reconnaissance and qualifying rounds, followed by competitive stages divided into various categories. These categories include Prepared A, B, C, and D; Stock A, B, C, and D; as well as Women and Veteran classes. The track length varies each year, with courses extending up to 230 kilometers.
Over the years, the Jhal Magsi Desert Challenge has seen notable performances from prominent drivers. In the 2023 edition, Faisal Shadi Khel secured first place in the A-Prepared category, completing the course in 1 hour, 21 minutes, and 14 seconds. He was closely followed by Jaffar Magsi, and Mir Nadir Ali Khan Magsi, who finished second and third, respectively.
The event not only promotes motorsports in Pakistan but also contributes to the local economy and tourism in Balochistan. It provides an opportunity for local communities to engage with a national sporting event, fostering a sense of pride and participation.
The Jhal Magsi Desert Challenge continues to grow in popularity and significance, serving as a testament to the adventurous spirit and resilience of both the participants and the region that hosts them
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# I'll Go to Bed at Noon
***I\'ll Go to Bed at Noon*** is a book by author Gerard Woodward. It was shortlisted for Booker Prize (2004).
Set in the north London suburb of Palmers Green in the 1970s, the story opens with Colette Jones attending the funeral of her elder brother\'s wife, followed by her failed attempts to save him from excessive drinking. Colette tries to exile her talented pianist son from her home, but alcoholism destroys his life as well.
## Critical reception {#critical_reception}
Kirkus Reviews, in a positive review, called the novel \"intensely humane and elegantly written\". Publishers Weekly likewise gave a positive review, calling the novel \"finely sketched\".
The Guardian included the novel in their list of best 1000 novels
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# Joseph Goudie
**Denzil Joseph Goudie** ONL was born in 1939 in the small community of Mud Lake, Labrador, Canada. His mother was writer Elizabeth Goudie.
Goudie is known for his career as a broadcaster for the CBC, and as a provincial public servant. He has also served as president of the Labrador Metis Association. The organization Hospitality Newfoundland and Labrador has called him an icon of Labrador\'s rich heritage, citing his dedication to Labrador tradition and tireless efforts in promoting the province. He has served as a national parks consultant and is widely respected for his knowledge and appreciation of nature.
Goudie served as Town Clerk and Town Manager of Happy Valley before making the jump to provincial politics. He was elected to the Newfoundland and Labrador provincial House of Assembly in 1975, where he served until his defeat in 1985. During this time, he held the posts of Minister of Rural Development (1978--1982), Minister of Rural, Agriculture, and Northern Development (1982--1985), and Minister of Fisheries (1985). Goudie ran for the federal Conservatives in the 2006 federal election in the riding of Labrador. He later served with Peter Penashue\'s campaign
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# Beverly Donofrio
**Beverly Ann Donofrio** (born September 23, 1950) is an American memoirist, children\'s author, and creative writing teacher known for her 1992 best selling memoir, *Riding in Cars with Boys*. The memoir was adapted into the 2001 film *Riding in Cars with Boys*, directed by Penny Marshall, with Drew Barrymore portraying Donofrio.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Donofrio\'s parents are Italian-American. She was raised in Wallingford, Connecticut and graduated from Lyman Hall High School. Donofrio studied literature at Wesleyan University and earned an MFA from Columbia University.
## Career
Donofrio is a prolific essayist, having published work in numerous anthologies, in *The New York Times*, *The Washington Post Sunday Magazine*, *The Village Voice*, the *Los Angeles Times*, and in such magazines as *Allure*, *Cosmopolitan*, *O, The Oprah Magazine*, and *Marie Claire*.
Donofrio has taught writing at New York University and the University of Wyoming, among other institutions. She teaches at the Low Residency MFA Program in Creative Writing at Wilkes University.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Donofrio lives in New York State
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# Gisborne City AFC
**Gisborne City Association Football Club** was an association football club in Gisborne, New Zealand. Founded in 1939 as **Eastern Union**, the club changed its name to Gisborne City after winning the Central Districts League at the first attempt in 1967.
## History
As Eastern Union, the club had competed in the Chatham Cup since the early 1950s, and reached the semi-final (and North Island Final) in 1957, losing to eventual champions Seatoun 3--1.
Gisborne set the New Zealand record for the most players from one club to be chosen for the New Zealand national football team to compete at a FIFA World Cup. Five players were selected to participate in the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain.
In 1984, Gisborne became the first team from outside New Zealand\'s three biggest cities Auckland, Wellington, and Christchurch to win the national championship.
### Chelsea connection {#chelsea_connection}
The Chelsea song \"Blue is the Colour\" was adopted as the clubs anthem
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# Roger Prideaux
**Roger Malcolm Prideaux** (born 31 July 1939) is an English former cricketer, who played in three Tests for England from 1968 to 1969.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Prideaux was educated at Tonbridge School and Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. A talented, stroke playing opening batsman, he won blues at Cambridge University from 1958 to 1960, and began his first-class cricket career at Kent. Moving to Northants, he scored a thousand runs in his first season, formed a powerful opening combination with the pugnacious Colin Milburn and captained the county from 1967 to 1970. He marked his Test debut in 1968, against Australia at Headingley with a 64, but missed the final Test of the series, at the Oval, with pleurisy. His absence allowed the selection of Basil D\'Oliveira, and the subsequent controversy led to the abandonment of the 1968/9 tour to South Africa, for which Prideaux had been selected. He played in two Tests on tour against Pakistan, but was dropped thereafter.
In 1967, Prideaux was elected as the first chairman of the fledgling Professional Cricketers\' Association. Prideaux ended his long career at Sussex, batting in the middle order. He also played for Orange Free State in the early 1970s, and later emigrated to South Africa.
His former wife Ruth (1930--2016) (née Westbrook) was also involved in international cricket, managing and coaching the England women\'s cricket team. Under her maiden name, she had earlier played eleven Tests between 1957 and 1963. They are one of the few married couples who have both played Test cricket
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# Miramar Rangers AFC
**Miramar Rangers AFC** is a New Zealand association football club in the Wellington suburb of Miramar. The club is one of the most successful in New Zealand, having won the Chatham Cup four times and the National League title twice. Over the last decade the club has played in the Central League and has won the division seven times, most recently in 2020.
In 2004 it became one of the founding principal clubs of the Team Wellington franchise in the ASB Premiership.
## Club history {#club_history}
Miramar won the Chatham Cup, New Zealand\'s premier knockout tournaments for men, in 1966, 1992, 2004 and 2010, and were Central League winners in 1997, 2006, 2008, 2011, 2013, 2014 and 2020. Miramar also won the now-defunct club National League in 2002 and 2003; the latter was the final National League season before it was revived again in 2021, which Miramar have since qualified for the Championship phase.
Oceania Footballer of the Century Wynton Rufer played 8 games for the club in the 1982 season.
## Stadium
Miramar Rangers play all their home games at David Farrington Park in Miramar
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# Kalat District
Balochi }}
**Kalat District** (Brahui and *قلات}}*) is a district located in Kalat Division of Balochistan, Pakistan. Kalat was made a separate district on February 3, 1954. At that time Khuzdar and Mastung districts were sub-divisions of Kalat (which then also included Kachi, Jhal Magsi and Naseerabad (Dera Murad Jamali); these were separated in 1965 as Kachhi District). Khuzdar became a separate district by notification of 1 March 1974, while Mastung was announced as a separate district on 18 February 1992. The district draws its name from the ancient city of Kalat. The old name of the district headquarters was Kahan. The current district consists of two sub-divisions, i.e. Kalat and Manguchar, four tehsils: Kalat, Mangochar, Johan, and Gazgz, 81 Patwar circles and 614 mauza (villages).
The climate is arid, hot in summer and cold in winter, with most rainfall occurring in the winter. The terrain is mountainous with several valleys and one main river. The Khan of Kalat is a ceremonial title held by Mir Suleman Dawood Jan, and efforts have been made by the Pakistani government to reconcile with him; his son Mohammed, who is next in line to be the Khan of Kalat, is pro-Pakistan.
## Administration
The district is administratively subdivided into the following tehsils: `{{static row numbers}}`{=mediawiki}
+------------------+------------+-------------+-------------------+----------------------+----------------+
| Tehsil | Area (km²) | Pop. (2023) | Density (ppl/km²) | Literacy rate (2023) | Union Councils |
| | | | | | |
| | | | \(2023\) | | |
+==================+============+=============+===================+======================+================+
| Kalat Tehsil | 3,788 | 167,405 | 44.19 | 44.19% | |
+------------------+------------+-------------+-------------------+----------------------+----------------+
| Mangochar Tehsil | 1,148 | 80,138 | 69.81 | 35.22% | |
+------------------+------------+-------------+-------------------+----------------------+----------------+
| Gazg Tehsil | 1,390 | 8,286 | 5.96 | 18.75% | |
+------------------+------------+-------------+-------------------+----------------------+----------------+
| Johan Tehsil | 1,328 | 15,731 | 11.85 | 27.49% | |
+------------------+------------+-------------+-------------------+----------------------+----------------+
## Demographics
### Population
As of the 2023 census, Kalat district has 33,101 households and a population of 271,560. The district has a sex ratio of 104.26 males to 100 females and a literacy rate of 39.70%: 49.54% for males and 29.41% for females. 100,643 (37.06% of the surveyed population) are under 10 years of age. 44,440 (16.36%) live in urban areas.
### Religion
In the 2023 census, Islam was the predominant religion with 99.25% while Hindus were 0.39% of the population and Christians were 0.31% of the population.
### Language
At the time of the 2023 census, 73.22% of the population spoke Brahui, 25.52% Balochi and 0.67% Pashto as their first language.
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# Kalat District
## Education
According to the Pakistan District Education Rankings 2017, district Kalat is ranked at number 66 out of the 141 ranked districts in Pakistan on the education score index. This index considers learning, gender parity and retention in the district.
Literacy rate in 2014--15 of population 10 years and older in the district stood at 54% whereas for females it was only 45%.
Post primary access is a major issue in the district with 83% schools being at primary level. In comparison with high schools which constitute only 9% of government schools in the district. This is also reflected in the enrollment figures for 2016--17 with 20,031 students enrolled in class 1 to 5 and only 658 students enrolled in class 9 and 10.
Gender disparity is another issue in the district. Only 34% schools in the district are girls schools. Access to education for girls is a major issue in the district and is also reflected in the low literacy rates for females.
Moreover, the schools in the district lack basic facilities. According to Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2017, the district is ranked at number 128 out of the 155 districts of Pakistan for primary school infrastructure. At the middle school level, it is ranked at number 136 out of the 155 districts. These rankings take into account the basic facilities available in schools including drinking water, working toilet, availability of electricity, existence of a boundary wall and general building condition. 4 out of 5 schools were reported to have no electricity in them. Approximately 1 out of 2 schools lacked toilet and a boundary wall. More than 1 out of 3 schools did not have clean drinking water
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# Sun-woo Kim
**Sun-woo \"Sunny\" Kim** (`{{Korean|hangul=김선우|hanja=金善宇}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{IPA|ko|kim.sʌn.u}}`{=mediawiki}; born September 4, 1977) is a retired South Korean professional baseball pitcher of the Korea Baseball Organization. He has previously played in Major League Baseball for the Boston Red Sox, Montreal Expos/Washington Nationals, Colorado Rockies, and Cincinnati Reds. He bats and throws right-handed.
## Pro career {#pro_career}
Kim began his MLB career with the Boston Red Sox in `{{Baseball year|2001}}`{=mediawiki} and was traded to the Montreal Expos the next season. In his career, Kim has pitched in 110 games, starting 37, recording 13 wins against 13 losses. He was the starting pitcher of the Montreal Expos at the organization\'s final game at Montreal on September 29, 2004, lasting just over two innings. On September 24, Kim pitched complete game shut out against San Francisco Giants at Coors Field, leading the team\'s 6-0 victory.
He was acquired by the Cincinnati Reds on September 5, 2006, from the Colorado Rockies in exchange for future considerations. Kim was released from the Reds after the 2006 season. After playing one season in the minor leagues, he signed with the Doosan Bears in the Korea Baseball Organization at the end of 2007. Kim posted a 57--45 record and a 4.27 ERA in 6 seasons with the Bears. His best season was 2011, when he won 16 games (against 7 losses), pitching 175.2 innings in 28 games with a 3.13 ERA. After a dreadful season in 2013, (5-6, 5.52 ERA and only pitched 60.2 innings due to injury), Kim was waived by the Bears. He then joined the LG Twins, where he played his final season.
## Family
Kim is the cousin of Lee Junho, who is a member of the boy band 2PM
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# Bob Cottam
**Robert Michael Henry Cottam** (born 16 October 1944) is a former English cricketer who played in four Test matches from 1969 to 1972. Cottam was a right-handed batsman, who bowled right-arm fast-medium. The cricket writer, Colin Bateman, noted that \"Cottam\'s ability to bowl sharp seamers or cutters at a reduced pace on turning wickets made him a useful tourist, and his four England caps came on two tours of the Indian subcontinentthen retired to live in Dartmouth Devon \".
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
After attending school in Wembley, Cottam began his career at Hampshire in 1963 and used his height, stamina and accuracy to good effect with the new ball. He took 100 wickets in a season on three occasions and took 9 for 25 against Lancashire in 1965. Although ideally suited to English conditions, his only Test caps came on tours of the subcontinent, to Pakistan and Ceylon under Colin Cowdrey in 1968--9, and India and Pakistan in 1972--3 under Tony Lewis. It was a testament to his skill that he took 14 wickets at 23.35 in his four tests, and he was unlucky to miss out on home selection. He switched counties to Northants in 1971, his style of bowling evolving to concentrate on remorseless accuracy, and continued to be a prolific wicket taker. He took over a 1,000 first-class wickets in all, at an average of 20.91. Although skilled with the ball, he was a confirmed tailender with the bat, recording just one half century in 289 first-class matches.
He turned to coaching after retiring from the playing arena, appointed as Warwickshire\'s manager and then Somerset\'s director of cricket, before being picked by David Lloyd to serve as England\'s bowling coach between 1998 and 2001. He also played minor county cricket for Devon. His son, Andy Cottam, played first-class cricket for Derbyshire and Somerset
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# Wellington United
**Wellington United AFC** is an association football club based in Wellington, New Zealand, that competes in Capital 3, the 5th tier of Wellington football.
## History
### Wellington Diamond United {#wellington_diamond_united}
Wellington Diamond United was the result of the merger of Diamond and Zealandia/Wellington United in 1968.
Diamond was founded as a junior football club in 1893 by members of the Star Rugby Club, who wished to play football. It became a senior team in 1895.
Zealandia was founded in 1954 by Dutch immigrants, changing its name to Wellington United in 1964.
In 1968 the club played in the Central Region\'s Division One, finishing fourth out ten. The club made it to the National League for the 1973 season but at the end of the following season they found themselves back in Division One.
Wellington Diamond United won the National League in 1976, 1981 and 1985.
### Hungaria and Wellington City {#hungaria_and_wellington_city}
Hungaria was formed in 1962 by Hungarian immigrants. The club played in the Central Region league before being invited to join the first New Zealand National Soccer League in 1970. The team finished seventh out of eight that season, winning just three games. It was the club\'s only season in the National League as they forfeited their place to form a composite entry with Miramar Rangers, to be known as Wellington City, for the 1971 and 1972 seasons. Miramar withdrew after the 1971 season.
In 1973 the club went solo again, this time in Division Two of the Central League (finishing second) with Wellington City as an independent entity. The following season the club topped the table, winning promotion to Division One. The club remained there until the end of the 1977 season when they finished bottom of the ten-team division to be relegated back to Division Two. The club had two unsuccessful seasons in Division Two before merging with Wellington City permanently in 1979.
### Wellington United {#wellington_united}
Wellington Diamond United and Wellington City merged in 1986 to form Wellington City Diamond United, which soon shortened its name to Wellington United.
In January 2015 Wellington United announced a strategic partnership with Wellington Phoenix. The partnership has the academy and Premiers ( ISPS Handa Premiership ) able to play through the winter in the Central League as Wellington United
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# Steven Krilis
**Steven Krilis** `{{post-nominals|country=AUS|AM}}`{=mediawiki} (born 26 November 1947, in Athens, Greece) is Professor of Immunology Allergies and Infectious diseases at the University of New South Wales and St George Hospital in Sydney, Australia. He is a Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians.
Krilis specializes in the treatment and research of Antiphospholipid syndrome; his laboratory was the first to recognise the major auto-antigen involved. In 2004, after a decade of research, Krilis led a team of researchers which identified a mechanism that can cause blood clots -- a discovery with implications for those susceptible to deep-vein thrombosis, strokes, recurrent miscarriages and Antiphospholipid syndrome.
Krillis was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in the 2019 Queen\'s Birthday Honours in recognition of his \"significant service to medical research in the areas of inflammation, thrombosis and allergic disease\".
## Publications
Among his over 120 peer-reviewed papers, the most cited are:
- McNeil, H.P., Simpson, R.J., Chesterman, C.N., Krilis, S.A.\"Anti-phospholipid antibodies are directed against a complex antigen that includes a lipid-binding inhibitor of coagulation: β2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H)\" (1990) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 87 (11), pp. 4120--4124. Cited 920 times.
- McNeil, H.P., Chesterman, C.N., Krilis, S.A. \"Immunology and clinical importance of antiphospholipid antibodies\" (1991) Advances in Immunology, 49, pp. 193--280. Cited 284 times.
- Hunt, J., Krilis, S. \"The fifth domain of β2-glycoprotein I contains a phospholipid binding site (Cys281-Cys288) and a region recognized by anticardiolipin antibodies\" (1994) Journal of Immunology, 152 (2), pp. 653--659. Cited 195 times.
- Hunt, J.E., McNeil, H.P., Morgan, G.J., Crameri, R.M., Krilis, S.A. \"A phospholipid-beta 2-glycoprotein I complex is an antigen for anticardiolipin antibodies occurring in autoimmune disease but not with infection.\" (1992) Lupus 1 (2), pp. 75--81. Cited 147 times.
- Miyakis, S., Lockshin, M.D., Atsumi, T., Branch, D.W., Brey, R.L., Cervera, R., Derkesen, R.H.W.M., De Groot, P.G., Koike, T., Meroni, P.L., Reber, G., Shoenfeld, Y., Tincani, A., Vlachoyiannopoulos, P.G., Krilis, S.A. \"International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)\" (2006) Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 4 (2), pp. 295--306. Cited 116 times.
- Hunt, J.E., Simpson, R.J., Krilis, S.A. \"Identification of a region of β2-glycoprotein I critical for lipid binding and anti-cardiolipin antibody cofactor activity\" (1993) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 90 (6), pp. 2141--2145. Cited 111 times
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# Alan Ward (cricketer)
**Alan Ward** (born 10 August 1947) is an English former cricketer, who played in five Test matches for the England cricket team between 1969 and 1976. He played for Derbyshire County Cricket Club from 1966 to 1976, and for Leicestershire from 1977 to 1978. A fast right-arm bowler, he could, with more fortune, have been the perfect foil of his era for John Snow. Injury-plagued, and subject to great fluctuations in form, he never fulfilled his promise.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Ward made his first-class debut for Derbyshire in 1966, and topped the English first-class averages in 1969, and was selected for the 1970 Internationals against The Rest of the World side, which contained, on occasion, Garry Sobers and Graeme Pollock. He went to Australia in 1970--71 under Ray Illingworth, who lauded his Ward-Snow opening combination. Snow prospered, picking up thirty one wickets to become the decisive factor in England\'s claiming the Ashes, but Ward, even before injuries struck, struggled. He was replaced on the tour by Bob Willis.
In 1973, he refused to bowl in a County Championship game against Yorkshire, and Derbyshire\'s captain, Brian Bolus, banished him from the field. In 1976, he left the county in unhappy circumstances, but was called up to play against the West Indies in the fifth, and final, Test Match of his career. Although he took four wickets, he earned far greater acclaim for his stout resistance with the bat. On the last day, with the West Indians pressing for victory, he held them for almost an hour before falling for a duck.
Joining Leicestershire in 1976, Ward was largely ineffective. His first-class career ended quietly in 1978
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# Amorino (album)
: *An amorino (\"little love\") is another name for a putto.*
***Amorino*** is the first solo album released by Isobel Campbell following her departure from Belle & Sebastian. The album was released on 7 October 2003
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# La Peñita de Jaltemba
**La Peñita de Jaltemba**, commonly called **La Peñita**, is a small beach town in Nayarit, Mexico, with a population of `{{when|date=December 2013}}`{=mediawiki} approximately 20,000 inhabitants. It is located on Jaltemba Bay, 64 kilometers north of Puerto Vallarta at kilometer 90 on Mexico Highway 200.
The surrounding area is noted for pineapple, banana, mango, and other fruit production. The main street, or \"La Avenida\" as it is known, runs east--west from the highway to the beach and has a central boulevard lined with palm trees and benches. A number of tourist shops, clothing stores, shoe stores, restaurants, and other merchants face the street. Two blocks south of the beach end of La Avenida there is a large shady plaza. Each Thursday, a four-block long tianguis (street market) takes place in La Peñita de Jaltemba. This market sells a wide range of goods, from fresh fruits, vegetables, and seafoods to housewares, clothing, hardware, and arts and crafts.
It is the main service community for the busy resort of Rincón de Guayabitos immediately to the south. The two communities are separated only by a narrow river. Rincón de Guayabitos is a community of hotels, bungalows, small tourist shops, and restaurants, while La Peñita de Jaltemba provides banking services, grocery stores, and vegetable markets, as well as public facilities such as the library and post office.
Transport: In La Peñita de Jaltemba at the east end of La Avenida, where it meets Highway 200, the shuttle system (colectivos) is available to transport you between the communities for a fee of 9 pesos (2014). It runs from La Colonia through La Peñita de Jaltemba and Rincón de Guayabitos to Los Ayala and back, making stops where requested. Taxis too are inexpensive, costing about 40 pesos from Guayabitos to La Peñita de Jaltemba (2015). Bus service to Puerto Vallarta is regularly scheduled, running every 20-30 minutes.
Two main service clubs serve the area: the *Jaltemba Bay Rotary Club - La Peñita* and *Los Amigos de Jaltemba*
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# Palmerston North Marist FC
**Marist** is an amateur association football club in Palmerston North, New Zealand playing in the Women\'s Central League and the Men\'s Central League 2. Formed in 1988, it is part of Palmerston North Marist Sports Club, a multi-sport organisation which caters for football, cricket, tennis, hockey, netball, rugby union, and squash.
The club\'s best performance in national competition came in the 2005 Chatham Cup. They reached the final, but were defeated by Auckland\'s Central United by two goals to one
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# Havelock North Wanderers AFC
**Havelock North Wanderers** is a soccer club in Havelock North, New Zealand. The club was formed in 1948 as Hastings Wanderers, changing to their current name in 1968.
They won promotion to the New Zealand Football Central League for 2022 after finishing first in the Lotto Central Federation League, then beating Wellington United 6--6 in a home and away playoff by away goals. They had twice before won the Central Federation League in 2017 and 2019, but both times lost their playoff games against Waterside Karori and Petone FC respectively, missing out on promotion.
The Wanderers also regularly compete in the Chatham Cup, New Zealand\'s premier knockout tournaments for men, with their best finishes being the fifth round in 1982 and 2003 cups before losing to local rivals Napier City Rovers and Lower Hutt
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# Tommy Phelps
**Thomas Allen Phelps** (born March 4, 1974) is an American former professional baseball pitcher in Major League Baseball. He is currently a coach in the Miami Marlins organization.
## Career
### Playing career {#playing_career}
He began his Major League Baseball (MLB) career in `{{mlby|2003}}`{=mediawiki} with the Florida Marlins, where he spent two seasons, pitching in 46 games, (starting 11) and winning four. Phelps was a member of the Marlins team that won the 2003 World Series, although he did not appear in the series. In `{{mlby|2005}}`{=mediawiki}, he pitched in 29 games with the Milwaukee Brewers, recording no wins and two losses. In `{{Baseball year|2006}}`{=mediawiki}, he signed a minor league deal with the New York Yankees and started 17 games for their Triple-A affiliate, the Columbus Clippers, finishing the season with a 7--4 record and a 4.45 ERA.
### Coaching career {#coaching_career}
Phelps began his coaching career in `{{Baseball year|2008}}`{=mediawiki} as a minor league coach for the Yankees, eventually becoming the pitching coach for the Triple-A Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders. He is currently the assistant minor league pitching coordinator for the Miami Marlins
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# Red Sox Manawatu
**Red Sox Manawatu** is an Association football and netball club in Palmerston North, New Zealand.
The club caters for men\'s, women\'s and youth football teams and women\'s netball teams.
Riverside RedSox is affiliated to Red Sox Manawatu and caters for junior boys and girls football.
## History
The Red Sox Manawatu history is a complicated one. The club having been formed by the gradual merger and name-changes of a multitude of teams from the Palmerston North area. The oldest of these clubs was Saint Andrew\'s, which was founded in the 1920s. St Andrew\'s joined forces with Palmerston City (formed in 1938 as Palmerston North Thistle) in 1971, continuing as Palmerston City until 1974, when the club changed its name to Manawatu United. This club became Manawatu AFC in 1992 upon its merger with Rose City -- a club which had itself been formed via a merge. Manawatu AFC combined with Riverside Red Sox (a team formed from the 1998 merger of Riverside and Red Sox) in 2004.
Rose City had itself formed from the 1983 merger of Glen Carron and Kiwi United. Glen Carron had previously been known as Corinthian-Old Boys, a club founded in 1963 from the merger of Corinthians and Palmerston North Old Boys, the latter club having started its life as New Settlers FC in 1952.
## Club records {#club_records}
Many of the merged clubs which are part of the Red Sox Manawatu history have had prominent places in regional or national football.
Kiwi United reached the later rounds of the Chatham Cup on many occasions from the 1950s, reaching the 1973 Quarter-finals, as did Palmerston City in 1969.
Manawatu AFC played in the New Zealand National Soccer League from 2000 to 2003, and reached the Quarter-finals in 1997, 2001 and 2003.
Palmerston North Thistle also reached the Quarter-finals of the competition in 1967, and went one better to reach the Semi-finals in 1964, however they lost 3--1 to Mount Roskill.
Manawatu United played in the New Zealand National Soccer League in 1979 and from 1985 to 1988, and reached the Chatham Cup Quarter-finals in 1976
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# Microtubing
**Microtubing** or *spaghetti tubing* is a very fine plastic tubing used in drip irrigation, typically in gardens and greenhouses, with a small inside diameter which may be 0.05\" or smaller.
It was introduced in the 1950s in the United States, in Watertown, New York. By the 1960s, most greenhouse research and commercial operations used the drip pipe system with plastic mulch.
Microtubing is inserted directly into the supply tubing, usually without any fittings. The flow is regulated by the inside diameter of the tube and the length of tubing used. The smaller the diameter and the longer the tube, the greater the friction loss, thus reducing the pressure and flow. The end of the tube may have a plastic or lead weight to hold the tube in a pot.
Microtubing is one of the oldest products made for drip irrigation, having been manufactured for about fifty years. It has largely been replaced by other drip irrigation products such as emitters, microsprinklers, and drip tape.
The system can be compromised, as the larvae of *selenisa sueroides* (owlet moth) has damaged a system in the citrus groves of south Florida. The caterpillars of the moth had munched holes in the plastic tubing to penetrate the pipes and then pupate. They seemed to prefer black tubing compared to coloured tubing. It has also been found that the roots of some of the crop can go into the tubing
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# Drewrys Brewing Company
**Drewrys Brewing Company** is an American brewery located in McHenry, Illinois founded in 1877.
Besides its Canadian connection (sometimes sporting a picture of a Mountie on cans or labels), the main Drewrys claims to fame were that the beer was \"more flavor; less filling; more fun!\", years before the popularity of light beers, and also (with the advent of lighter aluminum cans) that a can of Drewrys would float in water, rather than sinking to the bottom of a bucket or tub.
Other themes employed on Drewrys cans included sports scenes, and also zodiac graphics and trivia.
The South Bend-based brewery was merged with Associated Brew Co. in 1963, making the Associated/Drewry\'s plants one of the largest breweries in the U.S. The plant was sold to G. Heileman Brewing Company of La Crosse, Wisconsin, in 1972. Heileman eventually chose to close the plant. The last cases of beer left the South Bend plant in November 1972. The Muessel-Drewry Brewery at South Bend was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. Heileman owned the brand until it was sold to the Evansville Brewing Co. of Evansville, Indiana. This plant was closed in 1997 and the brand was bought along with others by Pittsburgh Brewing Company, though it was never manufactured.
Though Drewrys labelled beer last produced in 1997, Drewrys was purchased in 2011 by Chicago-based entrepreneur, Francis Manzo. The city of South Bend will be the site of launch for the rebranded beer as this was the location for Drewrys largest operation. Production is slated for 2013.
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# Drewrys Brewing Company
## History
Drewrys originated in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, where it was known as Drewry\'s Lake of the Woods Brewery. Edward Lancaster (E.L.) Drewry travelled to Winnipeg in 1875 by canoe via the Red River, commencing his journey from St. Paul, Minnesota. Two years later Drewry relocated his family from St. Paul to Winnipeg near present day Redwood Avenue at Main Street where he purchased the Herchmer and Batkin Brewery which had already ceased production prior to his purchase of the facility. He immediately began expanding the facility, where the production capacity was quickly increased from 4,000 bushels malt per month to 10,000 bushels malt.
Drewry\'s beer became famous across Western Canada, which greatly aided the economy of Winnipeg and of the entire province of Manitoba. Drewry adhered to a \"buy local\" mentality which generated a lot of respect from the local community. Drewry served as a city councillor from 1883 to 1884 and as an MLA for North Winnipeg from 1886 to 1889. Drewry is known as the director for several environmental efforts, namely the campaign where he planted Elm trees throughout the city. He was chair of the Winnipeg Public Park Board from 1884 through 1899. Drewry was a notable member of the Winnipeg General Hospital Board from 1900 until his time of death in 1940, at which point he was named honorary president of the board.
Shortly after alcohol prohibition was amended in the United States, E.L Drewry purchased the Sterling Brewers of Evansville, Indiana, in 1936. Drewry\'s beer was produced at the Sterling brewers, which operated as a subsidiary of the Canadian Drewry\'s brand. At this time, international alcohol trade was subjected to certain restrictions because of American law. The first case of Drewry\'s Ale produced from this facility was shipped to President Franklin D. Roosevelt because of his involvement in repealing Prohibition.
At the same time, the decision was made to purchase Muessel Brewing Company in South Bend, because of the obstacles that faced the now multinational brewery. A separate American company was established under the same name of Drewry\'s which operated as a purely American business. Equipment was upgraded at the facility and production of Muessel beer was ceased entirely. The original facility in Winnipeg was closed in 1940 and sold to the Great Western Brewing Company, originally headquartered in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, which has since evolved into the American/Canadian Corporation, Molson Coors Brewing Company.
After the death of E.L. Drewry and the termination of operation at the original Canadian location, Drewry\'s continued to expand. Two more acquisitions were made, such as the purchase of Chicago Brewery, Atlas Brewing Company in 1951 and Piels Brewery of Brooklyn, New York, in 1962. A year later, in 1963 Drewry\'s joined the Associated Brew Co., based in Detroit, which helped expand the distribution of Drewry\'s products. Production of Drewry\'s products eventually peaked at 1.3 million bbls. The also expanded operations with contract brewing, famously brewing Katz Drug Store\'s beer.
Drewry\'s continued operations until the company was purchased by Gottlieb Heileman in Aug, 1972. The South Bend location was closed four months later in Nov, 1972, when Heileman closed the doors on the company, displacing 350 workers. The Drewry\'s brand was relocated back to the original American production location in Evansville, where it was modified into a value-priced beer, packaged in 40oz containers. The dwindling economy at the time was a factor for both the new packaging and the eventual bankruptcy that befell Heileman in the 1980s. Production of the Drewry\'s brand was halted briefly during 1988 when the Evansville Brewery temporarily closed. When operations resumed, production of the Drewry\'s brand continued until 1997 until it was sold to Pittsburgh Brewing; however, it was never produced at the facility
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# Norton United F.C.
**Norton United F.C.** was a football club based in Smallthorne, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England. They were established in 1989 and joined the Staffordshire Senior League in the same year. They were the Midland League champions three times, North West Counties Football League champions in 2013--14, and were promoted to be members of the Northern Premier League Division One South. On 9 April 2015 it was announced that Norton United would resign from the Northern Premier League at the end of the season and fold.
The club\'s ground was the Norton Cricket Club & Miners Welfare Institute; however\' they left that ground mid season due to contractual issues with the owners and played their remaining fixtures at Lyme Valley Stadium, home of Newcastle Town.. They played in black and red striped shirts, black shorts and black socks
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# Nelson Suburbs FC
**Nelson Suburbs FC** is a football club in Nelson, New Zealand. They compete in the Mainland Premier League.
They have won the Mainland Premier League three times. Nelson Suburbs FC has strong ties with the region\'s most successful football school Nelson College.
Nelson Suburbs FC manages teams for Seniors, Women, Juniors/Youth (ages 9 to 19), Fun Football (ages 7 to 8) and First Kicks (ages 4 to 6).
## Club history {#club_history}
In 1978 Nelson Suburbs FC joined Central League where it participated for 8 years until 1985.
In 1996 Nelson Suburbs FC entered the National League.
In 1999 Nelson Suburbs FC entered the new South Island league.
In 2000, Nelson Suburbs FC entered the Mainland Premier League. It won the competition in 2004, 2005 and 2008.
In 2018, Nelson Suburbs FC entered the newly formed Southern Football League, comprising the five best finishers in the Mainland Premier League and the three best finishers in the Southern Premier League.
In 2019, Nelson Suburbs FC won the Southern Football League by 1 point over Mainland Premier League rivals Cashmere Technical Football Club.
In 2020, Nelson Suburbs FC launched the Nelson Suburbs Football Academy.
In national competition, Nelson Suburbs have yet to reach the final of the Chatham Cup; having reached the semi-finals in 2008 and 2018. Both campaigns ended with loses to eventual champions East Coast Bays 2--1 in 2008 and Birkenhead United 2--0 in 2018. The team spent one season in the national league in 2000, finishing seventh out of ten teams but withdrawing from the 2001 league for financial reasons
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# Congress of Aboriginal Peoples
The **Congress of Aboriginal Peoples** (**CAP**) (formerly the **Native Council of Canada** and briefly the **Indigenous Peoples Assembly of Canada**), founded in 1971, is a national Canadian aboriginal organization that represents Aboriginal peoples (Non-Status and Status Indians, Métis, and Southern Inuit) who live off Indian reserves in either urban or rural areas across Canada. As of 2011 more than 70% of Aboriginal people live off-reserve.
Its head office is located in the capital, Ottawa, Ontario. The congress works with its affiliate organizations on issues that affect the Aboriginal peoples of Canada who live off-reserve. Affiliates of the congress have their own constitutions with some being separately funded through the Métis and Non-Status Indian Relations Directorate of the Department of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada. The Métis and Non-Status Indian Relations Directorate works primarily with Aboriginal political organizations who represent the interests of Métis and non-status Indians (MNSI) and other off-reserve Aboriginal organizations.
The congress administers the Aboriginal Skills and Employment Training Strategy (ASETS), which links training to labour market demand. ASETS is designed to help Aboriginal people who live off-reserve prepare for and find high-demand jobs.
## Significant events {#significant_events}
After the collapse of the National Indian Council in 1968 the executives of provincial Metis and Non-Status Indian associations of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba met in December 1970 to found the Native Council of Canada. Its constitution was completed in February 1971 and the organization opened its offices in Ottawa not long afterwards. The organization had to balance the (often divergent) interests of Metis and Non-Status Indian organizations in order maintain its membership and secure core funding from the Canadian state.
In 1983 the Métis split from the Native Council of Canada, a pan-Aboriginal coalition, to form the Métis National Council as a Métis-specific representative group. The founding affiliates of the Métis National Council were the Métis Association of Alberta, the Association of Métis and Non-Status Indians of Saskatchewan, the Manitoba Metis Federation, the Louis Riel Métis Association of British Columbia, the Robinson-Superior Métis Association, and the Alberta Federation of the Métis Settlement Associations.
In 1993 the Native Council of Canada was reorganized and renamed as the Congress of Aboriginal Peoples (CAP).
On April 14, 2016 a landmark ruling by the Federal Court of Canada affirmed the position of the Congress of Aboriginal Peoples that Métis and Non-status are Indians with rights under the Constitution. The Federal Court Action was launched in 1999 by Harry Daniels, Leah Gardner, and the Congress of Aboriginal Peoples. This decision could have a significant effects on the relationship between the Government of Canada and the Aboriginal Peoples who live off-reserve.
The organization briefly (seven months in 2016) changed its name to the *Indigenous Peoples Assembly of Canada*. This was reversed in October 2016 after the national chief associated with the name change, Dwight Dorey, was defeated in a bid for reelection. Robert Bertrand won the election to national chief.
## National Chief {#national_chief}
List of National Chiefs:
- Elmer St. Pierre (2020--Present)
- Robert Bertrand (2016--2020)
- Dwight Dorey (2015--2016), (Mi\'kmaq from Nova Scotia; this was his second term)
- Betty Ann Lavallée (2009--2015)
- Patrick Brazeau (2006--2009)
- Dwight Dorey (1999--2006)
- Harry Daniels (1997--1999)
- Jim Sinclair (1994--1996)
- Ron George (1992--1994)
- Dan Smith (1991--1992)
- Viola Robinson (1990--1991)
- Chris McCormick (National Spokesperson −1988-1990)
- Smokey Bruyere (1981--1988)
- Harry Daniels (1976--1981)
- Gloria George (1975--1976)
- Kermit Moore (1974--1975)
- Tony Belcourt (1971--1974).
## Affiliate organizations {#affiliate_organizations}
Also known as provincial/territorial organizations (PTOs), the congress has affiliate Aboriginal organizations in Canada\'s respective provinces and territories who choose the congress to represent them at a national level. Each organization holds its own constitution and by-laws and some are individually funded through Government of Canada programs. In effect, these affiliates are the corporate members of the congress. Each affiliate organization also has a respective provincial chief and president who make up the Board of Directors of the congress. The congress\' Annual General Assembly is attended by delegates from each provincial affiliate organizations to discuss policy, priorities, and issues facing Aboriginal peoples who live off-reserve
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# Caversham AFC
**Caversham** is an association football club based in Dunedin, New Zealand. They compete in the ODT FootballSouth Premier League.
They are named for the suburb of Caversham to the southwest of Dunedin\'s city centre, best known for its former international sports venue Carisbrook. Caversham AFC, however, are based not there but at Tonga Park, located one kilometre to the south in the suburb of Forbury.
## Club history {#club_history}
Caversham AFC was founded in 1931, and has been based at Tonga Park throughout its history.
Caversham\'s premier team home strip is a white jersey with wide red band, white shorts, and red socks. The away strip is forest green shirt, greenish-white shorts, and forest green socks. Until 2009, their home strip was a red shirt with a broad horizontal black band edged in white, red shorts with a similar band across the left leg, and black socks. That kit is now used by the club\'s second XI.
Caversham competed in the former New Zealand national league from 1971 to 1973 and from 1975 to 1977, competing in the first of those seasons as part of an amalgamated Dunedin Suburbs team. Their best performance came in 1976, when they finished third. They have reached the semi-finals of the Chatham Cup on six occasions (in 1970, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011, and 2012), though they have yet to appear in a final.
Caversham won 15 titles from 2000 to 2017.
Caversham had a poor 2018 by their standards in the ODT Football South Premier League, finishing fourth after eight games.
### Notable Former squad members {#notable_former_squad_members}
- (GK) Jason Batty
- (FW) Nathan McCullum
- (DF) Alex McGregor
- (GK/DF/MF/FW) Richard Murray
- (DF) Rupesh Puna
- (DF) Maurice Tillotson
## Tonga Park {#tonga_park}
The club\'s home ground is **Tonga Park**. This lies immediately south of Caversham in the suburb of Forbury. Caversham\'s clubrooms are located on the west side of the ground, on Surrey Street (45 54 10 S 170 29 25 E display=inline region:NZ_type:landmark).
The park is bounded on two sides by schools -- the twin single-sex secondary schools of King\'s High School and Queen\'s High School, and the intermediate Bathgate School. Originally used for rugby league and known by a variety of names, including Mammoth Park, The Stadium, and The Speedway, it was renamed Tonga Park (the Māori word for *south*) after it was purchased by the Dunedin City Council in 1932
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# Roslyn-Wakari AFC
**Roslyn-Wakari Association Football Club** is an association football club based in Dunedin, New Zealand. They compete in the Southern Premier League.
## History
The club\'s history began in 1888 when the Wakari Football Association first played in the local Dunedin league. This was only 44 years after the foundation of Dunedin, and the club is one of the oldest existing football clubs in the country (the oldest, North Shore United, was founded in 1886). The Wakari AFC consisted of 14 members with 11 or 12 playing members. The first committee included Sir Robert Stout (Premier of NZ 1884--1897) as its president. The club obtained a farmer\'s paddock and a ditch was dug as the perimeter for the pitch, outside the ditch the ball was out.
In 1890 the Wakari AFC changed its name to Roslyn AFC. In 1895 the Roslyn AFC split into two clubs with the second becoming Wakari AFC. The next ten years saw friendly rivalry between the two clubs as they competed for the \"Otago Banner\". In 1904 the two clubs amalgamated to become Roslyn-Wakari AFC. The club went into recess from 1914 until 1929 when they re-entered the Otago Football Association competition.
Roslyn-Wakari is one of Dunedin\'s stronger club sides. The team reached the semi-finals of the Chatham Cup in 1968 and 1995 along with reaching the quarterfinals in 2006 and 2023. Their senior men\'s team currently plays in the Southern Premier League.
The home ground for the club is Ellis Park in Kaikorai Valley. Ellis Park was developed on an old tip site. In 1949 clubrooms were developed in the old stables which housed the horses which pulled the rubbish carts that filled in the grounds. Some of the wood used in modifying the old stables came from the demolition of an open-air swimming pool at the end of the top training ground in the Kaikorai Stream. The horse\'s head was adopted as the club\'s logo in recognition of this fact. These clubrooms were burnt down as a fire brigade exercise when the club built the present clubrooms/gym/changing rooms facilities in 1971.
## Players
No. Pos
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# Oldham Borough F.C.
**Oldham Borough F.C.** was an English association football club based in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. The club was founded in 1964 as **Oldham Dew F.C.**, changing their name in 1985 to **Oldham Town**, again in 2009 to **Oldham Boro** before making their final name change in 2014.
They were members of Division One of the North West Counties League until resigning in June 2015.
## History
**Oldham Dew F.C.** was established in 1964 by George Dew, a local building contractor, as a works football team. For the first two seasons, the club played amateur football with their home ground being at a local sports club, after which the club moved to Nordens Road.
After two seasons in amateur play, the club moved to Saturday football in the South East Lancashire League. The club gradually expanded and sought a higher level of competition, eventually moving into the Lancashire Combination League in 1981. In 1982 the Lancashire Combination merged with the Cheshire County League to form the North West Counties Football League, of which Dew were founder members in Division Three.
In 1985 the club changed its name from Oldham Dew to **Oldham Town**. At the end of that season they gained promotion to Division Two, before the resignation of Ken Hughes, as he became chairman of the club. They remained in that division (now named the First Division) until resigning in 2015.
Following Hughes\'s resignation, the club failed to win many honours as they would only win the Petit Cup and the Isle of Man Cup until the 1991--92. In 1991, the club started youth squads at Under-14 and Under-15 levels of competition -- both of which gained quick success.
In October 2009 the club changed its name to **Oldham Boro**, and at the start of the 2014--15 season made a further change, adopting the name of **Oldham Borough**.
The club resigned from the league at the end of the 2014--15 season.
## Grounds
They played their home games at Seel Park, home of Mossley, in the 2014--15 season, having played the two previous seasons at Atherton Collieries A.F.C. Whitebank Stadium in Limeside, Oldham was their home between 1992 and 2012 having previously been based at Nordens Road, Chadderton since the mid-1960s.
In 2014, the club, who had spent the previous two seasons playing at the Atherton Collieries ground 18 miles outside Oldham after leaving the Whitebank Stadium, applied to Oldham Council to ground share at the Council owned Broadway ground with Chadderton F.C., however the application was rejected after objections from local councillors and the host club
| 431 |
Oldham Borough F.C.
| 0 |
3,726,960 |
# Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda
The **Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda** (*label=\[\[Antiguan and Barbudan Creole\]\]*) consists of the King of Antigua and Barbuda, the Senate and the House of Representatives.
Section 27 of the Constitution establishes the Parliament. Parliament has the authority to enact laws for Antigua and Barbuda\'s peace, order, and well-being as long as they adhere to the terms of the Constitution. In accordance with the guidelines in section 47, Parliament may amend any clause in the Constitution or the Supreme Court\'s order. A law that would amend the Constitution or a Supreme Court ruling would not be considered passed by the House unless it received approval from at least two-thirds of all House members at its final reading.
No member of either House of Parliament may participate in that House\'s proceedings (except than those required for the purposes of section 48) unless he has taken the oath of loyalty before that House and subscribed to it: However, before the members of the Senate or the House, depending on the situation, have taken and signed such an oath, elections for the positions of President, Vice President, Speaker, and Deputy Speaker may still take place. Any person who is a member of the House by virtue of holding the office of Speaker or by virtue of holding or functioning in the office of Attorney-General is referred to as a member of the House in section 48.
According to section 51 of the constitution, any issue put to a vote in a House of Parliament must be decided by a majority of the members present and voting, unless otherwise specified in the Constitution. Except as otherwise specified in this section, the President or other member presiding in the Senate and the Speaker or other person presiding in the House shall have and exercise a casting vote in the event that the votes are evenly divided on any question: With the exception that a Speaker or other member presiding in the House who is an elected member of the House shall have an original vote but no casting vote in the case of the question of the final reading of a bill as is referenced in section 47(2) of the Constitution. If the votes on any subject before the House are evenly divided while such a Speaker is in office, the motion will be defeated. A Speaker who is not an elected member of the House shall have neither an original nor a casting vote.
## History
The Legislative Council of Antigua was the predecessor of the Parliament. It first sat on 23 April 1668 \[O.S. 13 April 1668\] (then the bicameral Legislature of Antigua) and became the Parliament on 27 February 1967.
| 453 |
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| 0 |
3,726,960 |
# Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda
## Functions
The Parliament as a whole is charged with certain responsibilities and is given special powers and privileges in order to effectively carry out its functions. Included among the latter are freedom of speech in Parliament, the authority to regulate its business by standing orders, as well as the freedom from civil or criminal proceedings for words spoken or written by Members before their respective House.
The ability of Parliament to enact laws is exercised through the passage of bills by the Senate and the House (or, in the circumstances described in sections 54 and 55 of the Constitution, by the House) and the Governor-General\'s assent on His Majesty\'s behalf. Any bill other than a money bill may be introduced in either House of Parliament; a money bill cannot be introduced in the Senate. The Governor-General must formally indicate his assent to a measure when it is submitted to him for his signature in conformity with the Constitution. A bill becomes law after receiving the Governor-General\'s approval and is then published as law in the *Official Gazette* by the Clerk of the House. This is done in accordance with the requirements of the Constitution. However, Parliament has the authority to postpone the implementation of any such law until after it has been published in the Official Gazette.
Parliament takes decisions relating to:
- the opening of Parliament in recourse to a call before His Majesty or his representative (except for cases provided for in the Constitution);
- the composition and powers of the local Council of Barbuda;
- arrangements governing the local government of this constituency.
## Sessions of parliament {#sessions_of_parliament}
Each session of Parliament shall be held in the location and at the time designated by the Governor-General by proclamation, but not later than six months after the conclusion of the previous session if it has been prorogued or four months after the conclusion of that session if it has been dissolved. During any session of the Parliament, not more than three months may pass between sessions. Subject to this restriction, the sessions of the Parliament shall be held at such time and place as the Parliament may, by its rules of procedure or otherwise, determine.
## Dissolution of parliament {#dissolution_of_parliament}
The Governor-General may prorogue or dissolve Parliament at any time while acting in line with the advice of the Prime Minister, subject to the restrictions of paragraph (5) of section 60. Subject to the provisions of subsection (3) of section 60, Parliament shall not be dissolved until five years have passed since the date of its first session following any dissolution. Parliament may, at any time when His Majesty is at war, extend the five-year period mentioned in subsection (2) of section 60 for no more than twelve months at a time; however, the life of Parliament may not be prolonged under this paragraph for a duration exceeding five years. When an emergency occurs between the dissolution of Parliament and the subsequent general election of members to the House that, in the Prime Minister\'s opinion, necessitates calling the two Houses before the general election can be held, the Governor-General, acting on the advice of the Prime Minister, may call the two Houses of the previous Parliament; however, the election of members of the House shall proceed and the general election shall be held as scheduled. If a resolution declaring lack of confidence in the government is passed by a majority of the House members and the Prime Minister does not resign from office or recommend a dissolution of Parliament within seven days of the resolution\'s passage, the Governor-General may, at his discretion, dissolve Parliament.
## Composition and membership {#composition_and_membership}
Parliament has two chambers. The House of Representatives has 19 members, 17 members elected for a five year term in single-seat constituencies, 1 ex-officio member and 1 Speaker. The Senate has 17 appointed members.
No civil or criminal proceedings may be brought against any member of either House of Parliament for remarks made before, or written in a report to, the House of Parliament. This is without prejudice to any provision made by Parliament regarding the powers, privileges, and immunities of Parliament and its committees, or the privileges and immunities of the members and officers of either House of Parliament and of other people involved in the business of Parliament or its committees
| 731 |
Parliament of Antigua and Barbuda
| 1 |
3,726,961 |
# Dunedin Technical
**Dunedin Technical Association Football Club** (known locally as **Tech**) is a semi-professional association football club in Dunedin, New Zealand. They compete in the ODT FootballSouth Premier League and were the 2018 ODT FootballSouth Premier League champions.
## Club history {#club_history}
The club was founded as **King Edward Technical College Old Boys** in 1920, and changed their name to Dunedin Technical in 1980. They and are based at Culling Park, in the suburb of Saint Kilda.
The club has regularly reached the later stages of the Chatham Cup (New Zealand\'s premier knockout football competition), and have reached the final on four occasions, in each of which they have met a team from Auckland. Their sole win was in 1999, when they beat Waitakere City FC 4--0. They were losing finalists in 1964 (under their former name), 1998, and 2008.
Their respective women\'s team have won the Kingsgate Women\'s Premier League for the 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 seasons, also reaching the quarter-finals of the National Women\'s Knockout Cup on two occasions, semi finals in 2017, and winning the Kate Sheppard Cup (previously known as Knockout Cup) against Forrest Hill Milford in 2018.
Dunedin Technical\'s best season in the New Zealand National Soccer League was in 2000, when they finished third. The previous year they had reached the final of the national league competition, which at that time was run as separate North and South Island leagues, followed by a final between the winners of these two leagues.
Prior to the creation of a national league in 1970, King Edward Technical College Old Boys were Otago regional champions in 1934, 1955, 1957, and 1963
| 276 |
Dunedin Technical
| 0 |
3,726,962 |
# Lists of celebrities
A **celebrity** is a person who is widely recognized in a given society and commands a degree of public and media attention. The word is derived from the French *celebrite*, from the adjective *célébrité* (\"fame\" or \"celebrated\"). Being a celebrity is often one of the highest degrees of notability, although the word *notable* is mistaken to be synonymous with the title celebrity, fame, prominence etc. In Wikipedia, articles written about notable people do not necessarily make them a celebrity
| 83 |
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| 0 |
3,726,973 |
# Loralai
**Loralai** (*لورلايي*, *لورالائی}}*), also known as **Bori** (*بورۍ}}*), is a Pakistani city that serves both as the division headquarter of Loralai Division and the district headquarter of Loralai District. It is located in the northeastern part of Balochistan province of Pakistan. It is 4700 ft above sea level.
## Demographics
### Population
According to 2023 census, Loralai had population of 59,601 whereas in 2017, It was 54,758.
+----------------------------------------+-------+---+
| Religious\ | 1941 | |
| group | | |
+========================================+=======+===+
| `{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}`{=mediawiki} | | |
+----------------------------------------+-------+---+
| Islam | 2,327 | |
+----------------------------------------+-------+---+
| Hinduism | 1,536 | |
+----------------------------------------+-------+---+
| Sikhism | 1,116 | |
+----------------------------------------+-------+---+
| Christianity | 116 | |
+----------------------------------------+-------+---+
| Ahmadiyya | | |
+----------------------------------------+-------+---+
| Others | 0 | |
+----------------------------------------+-------+---+
| Total population | 5,095 | |
+----------------------------------------+-------+---+
: Religious groups in Loralai City (1941 & 2017)
## Notable people {#notable_people}
- Raaj Kumar, Bollywood actor
## Locations
<File:Mughal> Qila 3 (Mughal Fort Loralai).jpg\|16th century Mughal fort \"Mughal qila\" in Loralai <File:JZK.jpg%7CView> near Loralai <File:Chinjan> (2).jpg\|View of Chinjan, about 40 km northwest of Loralai <File:Khardazai>, Loralai
| 185 |
Loralai
| 0 |
3,726,978 |
# Mosgiel AFC
**Mosgiel AFC** is a Semi-Professional association football club in Mosgiel, New Zealand. They currently compete in the Southern Premier League.
## Club history {#club_history}
The club was formed in 1913 and is based at Memorial Park. The club provides teams for men, women and juniors at all levels. The club\'s nickname, The Plainsmen, comes from Mosgiel\'s location on the Taieri Plains.
Mosgiel have twice reached the final of the Chatham Cup, in 1938 and 1940, but have never won the competition. In more recent times their best performance has been to reach the last 16 of the competition in 1985, 2005 and 2015.
## Present day {#present_day}
The club currently plays in the Southern Premier League. They have been crowned champions in 2019, 2023 and 2024 while also competing in the Southern League during the 2022 season
| 140 |
Mosgiel AFC
| 0 |
3,726,993 |
# Otago University AFC
**Otago University AFC** is an amateur association football club in Dunedin, New Zealand. The men\'s first team competes in the Southern Premier League and has previously competed in the Southern League. The Women\'s First Team competes in the Women\'s South Island League.
## History
The club is affiliated with the Otago University Students\' Association, and not directly affiliated to the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand; it is one of the oldest clubs associated with the University of Otago, established in 1939. They are based at Logan Park in an area immediately beside the university campus, and play their home fixtures at the nearby Caledonian Ground. The men\'s first team also participates in the Chatham Cup, New Zealand\'s premier knockout tournament. The Women\'s First team competes in the Kate Sheppard Cup. As a member of Southern Football, the club was also affiliated with Southern United of the New Zealand Football Championship.
The clubs best run in the Chatham Cup was in 2014 where they made it to the final 16 before losing 0--1 to Dunedin Technical. However in the 2021 edition, the club made the quarter-finals for the first time, facing North Shore United away.
The club strip is traditionally the Otago region colours of blue and varsity gold, the away strip is traditionally baby blue
| 221 |
Otago University AFC
| 0 |
3,727,003 |
# West Coast Hotshots
The **West Coast Hotshots** were a basketball team based in Bend, Oregon. The Hotshots played in the International Basketball League (IBL).
The team was founded in 2005 as the **Central Oregon Hotshots**. The team name was changed in 2010 to West Coast Hotshots.
The Hotshots played one game in the 2012 IBL season and then did not return in 2013
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| 0 |
3,727,006 |
# Green Island FC
**Green Island** is an amateur association football club in Green Island, Dunedin, New Zealand. They play in the Southern Premier League and most recently won the league in 2020. From 2021-23 they played in the Southern League (tier 2)
The Green Island Association Football Club was first formed and accepted into the Otago Football Association in 1896 as the Green Island Football club situated at Harroways ground, Burnside. Disbanded during the war years and reformed in the late 1940s. The clubrooms were situated at Miller Park until the Abbotsford slip in 1979 forced the club to move to its present site at Sunnyvale
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| 0 |
3,727,015 |
# South Canterbury United
**South Canterbury United** was a football team from New Zealand. The team was initially formed in 1982 as a composite side containing players from Timaru City and Northern Hearts. Northern Hearts left the amalgamation in 1991, returning to their former name; Timaru City did the same in 1996. United continued as a separate side until 2008 before folding. They played in the Soccersouth Premier League, and played their home games at Sir Basil Arthur Park in Timaru
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South Canterbury United
| 0 |
3,727,018 |
# Grants Braes AFC
**Grants Braes AFC** is an amateur association football club in Dunedin, New Zealand.
The Grants Braes AFC was founded as a Jnr Club on 11th of January 1961. The team colours were black, gold and white. Otago Football Association addressed the letter confirming the Affiliation to Mr J Paterson of Waverly, Dunedin.
The Foundation Team was an 8th Grade Side. The players on that team were Trevor Wilson, Bruce Wright, Alan Keane, Ken Sheal, Derek Stewart, Phillip McDonnell, Stuart Smith, John Frew, Ross McKay, Murry Urquhart, Graham Bulling and Paul Robertson. No coach was listed.
## Junior club {#junior_club}
Grants Braes entered 5 teams into the local 6th grade in 2019, 3 boys teams and 2 all girls sides. Further up the age grades Grants Braes AFC has an all girls team in the 11th grade. The Smurfettes won their league in 2019 and only lost one competition game the entire season. Grants Braes AFC Tomahawks entered into the local 14th grade competition in 2019.
## Senior club {#senior_club}
In 2019, Grants Braes AFC had 5 senior teams competing in the following leagues:
Men\'s Division 4 Snr Woman\'s Division 2 Masters Over 35s Masters Over 45s
In 2020, Grants Braes AFC will look to expand teams into Snr Leagues, perhaps aiming to enter a Division 1 side, and more importantly keeping the numbers up in the junior teams
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| 0 |
3,727,019 |
# Mutation (knot theory)
In the mathematical field of knot theory, a **mutation** is an operation on a knot that can produce different knots. Suppose *K* is a knot given in the form of a knot diagram. Consider a disc *D* in the projection plane of the diagram whose boundary circle intersects *K* exactly four times. We may suppose that (after planar isotopy) the disc is geometrically round and the four points of intersection on its boundary with *K* are equally spaced. The part of the knot inside the disc is a tangle. There are two reflections that switch pairs of endpoints of the tangle. There is also a rotation that results from composition of the reflections. A mutation replaces the original tangle by a tangle given by any of these operations. The result will always be a knot and is called a **mutant** of *K*.
Mutants can be difficult to distinguish as they have a number of the same invariants. They have the same hyperbolic volume (by a result of Ruberman), and have the same HOMFLY polynomials.
## Examples
- Conway and Kinoshita-Terasaka mutant pair, distinguished as knot genus 3 and 2, respectively
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# Quasitriangular Hopf algebra
In mathematics, a Hopf algebra, *H*, is **quasitriangular** if there exists an invertible element, *R*, of $H \otimes H$ such that
:\*$R \ \Delta(x)R^{-1} = (T \circ \Delta)(x)$ for all $x \in H$, where $\Delta$ is the coproduct on *H*, and the linear map $T : H \otimes H \to H \otimes H$ is given by $T(x \otimes y) = y \otimes x$,
:\*$(\Delta \otimes 1)(R) = R_{13} \ R_{23}$,
:\*$(1 \otimes \Delta)(R) = R_{13} \ R_{12}$,
where $R_{12} = \phi_{12}(R)$, $R_{13} = \phi_{13}(R)$, and $R_{23} = \phi_{23}(R)$, where $\phi_{12} : H \otimes H \to H \otimes H \otimes H$, $\phi_{13} : H \otimes H \to H \otimes H \otimes H$, and $\phi_{23} : H \otimes H \to H \otimes H \otimes H$, are algebra morphisms determined by
$$\phi_{12}(a \otimes b) = a \otimes b \otimes 1,$$
$$\phi_{13}(a \otimes b) = a \otimes 1 \otimes b,$$
$$\phi_{23}(a \otimes b) = 1 \otimes a \otimes b.$$
*R* is called the R-matrix.
As a consequence of the properties of quasitriangularity, the R-matrix, *R*, is a solution of the Yang--Baxter equation (and so a module *V* of *H* can be used to determine quasi-invariants of braids, knots and links). Also as a consequence of the properties of quasitriangularity, $(\epsilon \otimes 1) R = (1 \otimes \epsilon) R = 1 \in H$; moreover $R^{-1} = (S \otimes 1)(R)$, $R = (1 \otimes S)(R^{-1})$, and $(S \otimes S)(R) = R$. One may further show that the antipode *S* must be a linear isomorphism, and thus *S^2^* is an automorphism. In fact, *S^2^* is given by conjugating by an invertible element: $S^2(x)= u x u^{-1}$ where $u := m ((S \otimes 1) \circ T)R$ (cf. Ribbon Hopf algebras).
It is possible to construct a quasitriangular Hopf algebra from a Hopf algebra and its dual, using the Drinfeld quantum double construction.
If the Hopf algebra *H* is quasitriangular, then the category of modules over *H* is braided with braiding
$$c_{U,V}(u\otimes v) = T \left( R \cdot (u \otimes v )\right) = T \left( R_1 u \otimes R_2 v\right)$$.
## Twisting
The property of being a quasi-triangular Hopf algebra is preserved by twisting via an invertible element $F = \sum_i f^i \otimes f_i \in \mathcal{A \otimes A}$ such that $(\varepsilon \otimes id )F = (id \otimes \varepsilon)F = 1$ and satisfying the cocycle condition
$$(F \otimes 1) \cdot (\Delta \otimes id)( F) = (1 \otimes F) \cdot (id \otimes \Delta)( F)$$
Furthermore, $u = \sum_i f^i S(f_i)$ is invertible and the twisted antipode is given by $S'(a) = u S(a)u^{-1}$, with the twisted comultiplication, R-matrix and co-unit change according to those defined for the quasi-triangular quasi-Hopf algebra. Such a twist is known as an admissible (or Drinfeld) twist
| 454 |
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| 0 |
3,727,025 |
# Queenstown AFC
**Queenstown AFC** is an amateur association football club in Queenstown, New Zealand, they are currently playing in the ODT Southern Men\'s Premier League.
Their home games are played at the Frankton Events Centre.
Queenstown are five-times winners of the Donald Gray Memorial Cup, the premier tournament in football in Southland, New Zealand.
## Club history {#club_history}
The team gained notoriety in May 2007 when a brawl erupted during a Chatham Cup match between Queenstown and Invercargill club Queens Park which was fierce enough for local police to become involved.
In 2020 the club won the Football South Championship
| 101 |
Queenstown AFC
| 0 |
3,727,034 |
# Chico Force
The **Chico Force** were a franchise in the International Basketball League based in Chico, California. The team was highly successful in their first season, sporting a 13--7 record, second in the west and 1/2 games behind the Tacoma Thunder. The Force are coached by Ron Dubois, and the team\'s 2005 leading scorer was Chris Gonzalez, who tied for 22nd in the league with 20.2 ppg.
The Force played their initial season at Pleasant Valley High School. In 2006, games will be played at Marsh Junior High School
| 90 |
Chico Force
| 0 |
3,727,038 |
# Conway knot
In mathematics, specifically in knot theory, the **Conway knot** (or **Conway\'s knot**) is a particular knot with 11 crossings, named after John Horton Conway.
It is related by mutation to the Kinoshita--Terasaka knot, with which it shares the same Jones polynomial. Both knots also have the curious property of having the same Alexander polynomial and Conway polynomial as the unknot.
The issue of the sliceness of the Conway knot was resolved in 2020 by Lisa Piccirillo, 50 years after John Horton Conway first proposed the knot. Her proof made use of Rasmussen\'s s-invariant, and showed that the knot is not a smoothly slice knot, though it is topologically slice (the Kinoshita--Terasaka knot is both)
| 117 |
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# Pishin, Pakistan
**Pishin** (*پښين*, Urdu and *پشین}}*) or **Pshin** is a city that serves as the administrative headquarter of the Pishin District of Pakistan\'s Balochistan province. Pishin is considered part of the Pashtun belt of Balochistan, and is the largest district of Pashtun tribes.
## History
Pishin was founded by the British Empire in 1883. It played a role in the Anglo-Afghan Wars. Local tribes from the area assisted the Afghans in fighting the British by attacking British military convoys en route to Afghanistan. During World War II, the British built two airbases in the district; one near the town of Pishin and the other in Saranan.
## Geography
Pishin is located in the northwest of Balochistan, near the border with Afghanistan. Tremors from the 2008 Ziarat earthquake were felt in the town.
## Climate
In the summer, temperatures can reach 40 °C (104 °F). In the winter, temperatures can decrease to below freezing.
## Agriculture
The region is known in Balochistan for fruit production. It supplies a variety of fruits, such as apples.
## Demographics
### Population
According to 2023 census, Pishin had a population of 107,646.
Pishin\'s main ethnic groups are Pashtuns who belong to the Tareen, Syed, Kakar, and Achakzai tribes. In the city, the majority of the population belongs to Tareen tribe.
### Religion
+----------------------------------------+-------+---+
| Religious\ | 1941 | |
| group | | |
+========================================+=======+===+
| `{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}`{=mediawiki} | | |
+----------------------------------------+-------+---+
| Islam | 1,245 | |
+----------------------------------------+-------+---+
| Hinduism | 447 | |
+----------------------------------------+-------+---+
| Sikhism | 183 | |
+----------------------------------------+-------+---+
| Christianity | 15 | |
+----------------------------------------+-------+---+
| Ahmadiyya | | |
+----------------------------------------+-------+---+
| Total population | 1,890 | |
+----------------------------------------+-------+---+
: Religious groups in Pishin City (1941 & 2017)
## Tribes
Pishin District is home to several tribes but the following main tribes form the major population of the district:
- Tareen
- Kakar
- Syed
- Achakzai
## Transport
Transport is mostly by car or bus. The town connects with Quetta, Khanozai, Barshore, and Saranan. In 1883, a major railway and road were constructed to connect towns in Pakistan
| 350 |
Pishin, Pakistan
| 0 |
3,727,062 |
# Moisture stress
**Moisture stress** is a form of abiotic stress that occurs when the moisture of plant tissues is reduced to suboptimal levels. Water stress occurs in response to atmospheric and soil water availability when the transpiration rate exceeds the rate of water uptake by the roots and cells lose turgor pressure. Moisture stress is described by two main metrics, water potential and water content.
Moisture stress has an effect on stomatal opening, mainly causing a closure in stomata as to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide assimilation. Closing of the stomata also slows the rate of transpiration, which limits water loss and helps to prevent the wilting effects of moisture stress. This closing can be triggered by the roots sensing dry soil and in response producing the hormone ABA which when transported up the xylem into the leaves will reduce stomatal conductance and wall extensibility of growing cells. This lowers the rates of transpiration, photosynthesis and leaf expansion. ABA also increases the loosening of growing root cell walls and in turn increases root growth in an effort to find water in the soil.
Phenotypic response of plants to long-term water stress was measured in corn and showed that plants respond to water stress with both an increase in root growth both laterally and vertically. In all Droughted conditions the corn showed decrease in plant height and yield due to the decrease in water availability.
Genes induced during water-stress conditions are thought to function not only in protecting cells from water deficit by the production of important metabolic proteins but also in the regulation of genes for signal transduction in the water-stress response. There are four pathways that have been described that show the plants genetic response to moisture stress; two are ABA dependent while two are ABA independent. They all affect gene expression that increases the plants water stress tolerance.
The effects of moisture stress on photosynthesis can depend as much on the velocity and degree of photosynthetic recovery, as it depends on the degree and velocity of photosynthesis decline during water depletion. Plants that are subjected to mild stress can recover in 1--2 days however, plants subjected to severe water stress will only recover 40-60% of its maximum photosynthetic rates the day after re watering and may never reach maximum photosynthetic rates. The recovery from moisture stress starts with an increase in water content in leaves reopening the stomata then the synthesis of photosynthetic proteins
| 408 |
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| 0 |
3,727,092 |
# Speedway Junky
***Speedway Junky*** is a 1999 American crime drama film written and directed by Nickolas Perry and starring Jesse Bradford, Jordan Brower, Jonathan Taylor Thomas and Daryl Hannah.
## Plot
The film stars Jesse Bradford as Johnny, a young man with dreams of becoming a stock car racer. After he loses all of his money and possessions in Las Vegas, he drifts into the world of hustling, in the hope of making enough money to travel to Charlotte, North Carolina to join the car racing industry. He meets Eric (Jordan Brower), a gay hustler, who finds himself falling for Johnny. Jonathan Taylor Thomas also stars as Steve, a bisexual hustler, and Daryl Hannah plays Veronica, a former showgirl and prostitute who has served as a surrogate mother figure for Eric since his own mother died. Other than Veronica, the only thing Eric has to remind him of his mother is a silver dollar she gave him that he carries for good luck.
Eric falls deeply in love with Johnny, and is saddened that his love will remain unrequited. Eric finds out that Johnny is a virgin and really wants to have sex with a woman, so Eric asks Veronica to have sex with Johnny. Under the guidance of Eric and with tips from Steve, Johnny slowly becomes a good hustler. Steve then asks Johnny to join him in entertaining some gay clients for a potentially large payment. Johnny refuses because it is Eric\'s birthday, much to the annoyance of Steve, who really needs the money from the clients who will only pay if both Steve and Johnny arrive. When Eric remains sombre, Johnny questions him, they argue, and Eric finally confesses his love for Johnny. Johnny tells Eric that he really cares for Eric too because Eric has been the best friend that he has ever had, and asks Eric to move with him to Charlotte. Delighted to find out that Johnny really cares for him, Eric agrees.
J.T., a sociopathic drug dealer, tosses Johnny a package while running from the police. It contains crack cocaine and cash. Steve finds it in their place and steals it. When J.T. shows up looking for it, it\'s missing. J.T. holds Johnny hostage while Eric looks for Steve. Steve refuses to return the cash and the drugs, so Eric heads to Veronica\'s place. There he steals the gun belonging to her police officer boyfriend and heads home. J.T. is playing William Tell with Johnny, shooting a can of tomato soup off his head. Eric comes in and thinks Johnny\'s been shot. He gets into a gun battle with J.T., killing him. Johnny and Eric flee but Eric realizes he\'s been shot. Eric dies in Johnny\'s arms, giving Johnny his lucky silver dollar. At the bus station, Johnny puts the dollar in a slot machine and hits a jackpot. He buys a bus ticket and leaves town.
A year later, Veronica is working as a cocktail waitress. She glances up at a television and sees Johnny. He\'s a member of a pit crew, having taken a step toward realizing his dream.
## Cast
- Jesse Bradford as Johnny
- Jordan Brower as Eric
- Jonathan Taylor Thomas as Steve
- Daryl Hannah as Veronica
- Tiffani Thiessen as Wilma Price
- Patsy Kensit as Donna
- Justin Urich as Scooby
- Adrienne Frantz as Kelley
- Patrick Renna as Bud
- Erik Alexander Gavica as Jason \"J.T.\" Torres
- Timothy McNeil as Russel
- Warren G as Brentley Shaw
- Milo Ventimiglia as Travis
- Richard Balin as Ticket Man
- Jaime Bergman as Bombshell #1
## Production
*Speedway Junky* was filmed in 1998 and screened at indie festivals. However, it did not get a theatrical release until 2001 due to struggles with finding a distributor
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# Albany United
**Albany United FC** is a semi-professional association football club in Albany, New Zealand. They currently compete in the NRFL Conference, having been relegated from the NRFL Division 1 in 2022.
Established in 1977, Albany United Football Club is one of the largest sports clubs in the Albany Community
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| 0 |
3,727,100 |
# House of Representatives (Antigua and Barbuda)
The **House of Representatives** (*label=\[\[Antiguan and Barbudan Creole\]\]*) is the lower chamber of the country\'s bicameral parliament. Each of the constituencies created in accordance with section 62 of the Constitution shall elect one representative to the House in a direct election in accordance with the procedures specified by or pursuant to any law, subject to the rules of the Constitution. Unless he is prohibited by law from registration as a voter for the purpose of electing a member of the House, every Commonwealth citizen who is eighteen years of age or older and who meets the requirements relating to residence or domicile in Antigua and Barbuda as prescribed by Parliament is entitled to be registered as such a voter in accordance with the provisions of any law in that regard, and no other person may be registered. Every person who is registered to vote in any constituency shall, unless prohibited from doing so by any law, be entitled to vote in accordance with the provisions of any law in that regard in any election of members of the House in that constituency. Voting is free and must be done by secret ballot in accordance with any rules that Parliament may impose during House member elections.
A clerk for the Senate and a clerk for the House are required, but one person may hold both positions. The positions of the clerks of each House of Parliament and the members of their staff are public posts, subject to any laws passed by Parliament. The High Court has the authority to hear and rule on any disputes regarding who was duly elected as a member of the House, who was duly appointed as a Senator or as a temporary member of the Senate, who was duly elected as Speaker from among non-House members and who has vacated the office of Speaker, or who has left his or her seat in the House and is required by the preamble to do so. Any person who is eligible to vote in the election to which the application relates, any person who was a candidate at that election, or the Attorney General may file an application with the High Court for the resolution of any question under subsection (1)(a) of section 44. Any member of the House, the Attorney General, or, in the case of a member of the House\'s seat, any person registered as a voter in some constituency for the purpose of electing members of the House, may file an application with the High Court for the resolution of any issue under subsection (1)(d) of section 44.
Any person who participates in either House of Parliament\'s deliberations while knowing or having a good faith belief that they are ineligible to do so is guilty of an offense and subject to a fine of up to \$500 or another amount set by the legislature for each day they participate. Any prosecution for an offense under this section must be brought in the High Court, and only the Director of Public Prosecutions may do so.
A money bill may not be filed in the Senate, however other bills may be introduced in either House of Parliament. Unless on the recommendation of a Minister who has been given permission by the Cabinet to do so, neither House may consider a measure (or any change to a law) that, in the opinion of the person in charge, includes provisions for any of the following: for the imposition of taxes or their alteration other than by reduction; for the imposition of any charges against the Consolidated Fund or any other public fund of Antigua and Barbuda or their alteration other than by reduction; for the payment, issue, or withdrawal of any funds not charged thereon from the Consolidated Fund or any other public fund of Antigua and Barbuda or any increase in the amount of such payment, issue, or withdrawal. Any motion (including an amendment to a motion) that, in the view of the person in charge, would have the effect of making provision for any of those purposes shall not be considered by either house.
## Composition
The current House of Representatives has a total of 19 members. 17 members are directly elected to five-year terms from single member constituencies using the first-past-the-post system. There is one *ex officio* member (the Attorney-general) and the remaining seat is held by the Speaker. The House shall consist of as many elected members as the number of constituencies from time to time established by Order under Part 4 of Chapter III, subject to the provisions of section 36 of the constitution. Members of the House shall be chosen in accordance with any procedure that may be prescribed by or pursuant to any Act of Parliament, subject to the provisions of the Constitution. The Speaker, if not already a member of the House, automatically becomes a member. Likewise, the Attorney-General, if not already a member of the House, becomes a member by virtue of holding or performing that duty, but is unable able to cast a vote in the House
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3,727,101 |
# Birkenhead United AFC
**Birkenhead United AFC** is a football club based in Beach Haven, on the North Shore of Auckland, New Zealand. They currently compete in the Northern League.
## Club history {#club_history}
The club was established as Birkenhead in 1960 before it amalgamated with Birkdale in 1963, taking its current name as Birkenhead United. Since 1965, Birkenhead have mainly played either in Division 1 or Division 2 of the Northern League though they twice early on, made it into Premier Division in 1968 and 1970, only to be relegated again that same year. They also had one of their best early runs in the 1970 Chatham Cup, making it to the 5th round before losing to Eden 1--4. They wouldn\'t repeat that success in the cup again until 2010. Again going down in the 5th round, this time to Glenfield Rovers.
Birkenhead started to see more success in the 2010s, with them again making the Premier Division in 2013 and they have stayed there since. They have just missed out on winning the division four times in 2013, 2014, 2016 and 2017. The success in the local league was also replicated in the Chatham Cup, where in 2012 and 2013 they made the quarter-finals. 2015 they made the semi-finals, only losing 3--4 on penalties to Napier City Rovers, before they finally won the cup in 2016, beating local rivals Waitakere City 3--2 in extra time. They wouldn\'t have to wait very long before they won the cup again, when in the 2018 Chatham Cup, they made the finals. This time they were facing Wellington side Western Suburbs and after 120 minutes the score was tied 1--1 before Birkenhead prevailed on penalties 5--4 to claim the cup for a second time in three years. In 2021, the club formed a strategic partnership with Scottish Premiership outfit St Mirren FC, alongside Nelson Suburbs
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# Three Kings United
**Three Kings United Football Club** is a youth football club based in Three Kings, Auckland, New Zealand. They previously competed in the Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Division 1, with their last appearance coming in 2019.
In 2020, Three Kings United merged with Onehunga Sports to form Auckland United, which assumed Onehunga\'s position in the 2020 NRFL Premier season; the club\'s youth and social sectors remain in operation.
Three Kings\' home ground is Keith Hay Park, with a number of other parks used around central Auckland.
## Club history {#club_history}
The club was founded in 1997 through the amalgamation of Eden AFC (founded 1947) and Mount Roskill AFC (founded 1954). In 1994, Eden had merged with YMCA Grafton, a club with an illustrious history. YMCA Grafton was founded in 1985 as a merger between Grafton Rovers and Auckland YMCA, the latter of these teams having been a major team in the early days of organised football in Auckland. Auckland YMCA reached the semi-finals of the national knockout Chatham Cup in 1928, and are also known to have reached the later stages of the competition in 1932.
Three Kings United are one of 31 member clubs of the Auckland Football Federation.
## Senior men\'s team {#senior_mens_team}
TKU\'s men\'s team were finalists in the 2009 Chatham Cup, New Zealand\'s principal knockout cup competition, and currently play in the Northern Region Premier League. Both Eden and Mount Roskill were former winners of both competitions. Eden won the Chatham Cup in 1950 and the Northern League in 1974; Mount Roskill won the 1964 Chatham Cup, and the 1989 Northern League.
## Women\'s senior team {#womens_senior_team}
TKU\'s women\'s team is particularly strong, providing many players for the New Zealand national team at age-grade and full international level. Eight of the 21 New Zealand women\'s national under-20 football team squad members for the 2010 FIFA U-20 Women\'s World Cup were Three Kings United players
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3,727,123 |
# Northland FC
**Northland FC** is a football club based in Whangārei, New Zealand. They currently compete in the NRFL Northern Conference.
North Force was set up late in 2003 by Kamo & Tikipunga Football clubs so that a combined team could be entered in either the US1 Federation League or the Northern Federations Football League, and to create a pathway for players to compete at the highest possible levels.
## Club history {#club_history}
In 2004 North Force entered a Men's team in the NFSL 2nd Division, coach Paul Cross (National Academy licence), Won the league and gained promotion into the 1st Division.
2005 -- North Force fielded a Reserve Team. This was coached by Jerome Lutien (UEFA licence) with Paul Cross (National Academy licence) again coaching the 1st Team. Both teams finished mid table.
2006 -- North Force entered a Women's team in the US1 JVC League 1st Division, coached by Adam Hayne (National Academy licence) and won the league and the Knock Out Cup and earned the right to apply for a position in the Women's Northern League competition in 2007.
The NFSL 1st Division Men's team was coached by Russell Baddeley, Assistant Coach Clive Adams and the Reserve Team was coached by Paul Herbert. Both teams finished mid-table.
2007 -- Adam Hayne again coached the Women, who again won the league. The NFSL 1st Division Team was again coached by Paul Cross and Assistant Coach Jerome Lutien. Jerome also coached the Development Team.
Funding was gained allowing the installation of floodlighting on Tikipunga number 9 pitch, which has been set aside for a North Force training pitch.
2006 saw North Force with the following clubs signed as 2nd-tier members:
` Kerikeri AFC`\
` Madhatters AFC`\
` Onerahi Soccer`\
` Marist Soccer`\
` Central Brown AFC`\
` Hora Hora AFC`\
` FC Whangarei`\
` Paihia AFC`
2007-- 2008 Season The team finished 3rd, Coach Dean Wheatley (UEFA -- A Licence)Assistant Coach -- Jerome Luiten Development Team Assistant Coach -- Paul Herbert (National Academy licence) Women's Team Coach -- Bruce Plunkett (National Academy licence) 2008/9 Season -- Dean Wheatley Football Manager and Coach. (UEFA A Licence, player English Semi professional league) -- Squads Men's (x2), Women(x1), Youth (x2)
-- Paul Herbert Development Team Coach (National Academy Licence)
-- Adam Hayne Goal Keeper Coach and Assistant Youth Team Coach (National Academy Licence)
-- Scott Burgess Youth Squad Coach (National Academy Licence) Senior Men's team Player, Squad player Waikato FC NZ Football Championship 2007
-- Trevor Appledorn Youth Squad Coach (Junior Advanced Licence) Northland Representative Player
-- Craig Crawford Youth Squad Coach (Junior Advanced Licence) Northland Representative Player
-- Bruce Plunkett Women's Coach (National Academy Licence) Player English Semi Professional leagues, Player NZ Professional League -- Player Chatham Cup Finalist
-- Simon Wilkinson Women's Assistant Coach (Junior Advanced Licence)
-- Dee Tunstall Women's Assistant Player/Coach (National Academy Licence)
In 2016, North Force changed their name to Northland to better reflect the surrounding region the represent while competing in the NRF leagues.
## Present day {#present_day}
North Force has incurred huge travelling expenses over the last four years and still requires funding assistance for travel in particular. As Northland's only elite football entity, players and clubs from Northland are representing Northland as a regional showcase.
Funding Northland is ensuring Northland is able to combine player strength and to ensure Northland has representation at the highest possible level. Northland looks forward to support from Northland business and funding agencies to enable the progress to date towards providing pathways for our young talented players
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| 0 |
3,727,124 |
# Peggy Fortnum
**Margaret Emily Noel Fortnum** (23 December 1919 -- 28 March 2016) was an English illustrator, best known for illustrating the children\'s literature series *Paddington Bear*.
## Biography
Fortnum was born in England on 23 December 1919 at Harrow, Middlesex. She briefly attended Tunbridge Wells School of Art in 1939, before enlisting in the Auxiliary Territorial Service during World War II. While in the military she sustained serious injuries when she was run over by a truck, requiring a prolonged period of recovery.
After her recovery from injury she attended the Central School of Arts and Crafts in London. She worked as an art teacher, painter, and textile designer before becoming a full-time book illustrator. As of 2015 she had illustrated nearly eighty books. Fortnum\'s first commission was for *Dorcas the Wooden Doll* by Mary Fielding Moore, published in 1944.
Fortnum\'s best-known works are her illustrations of Michael Bond\'s character Paddington Bear. In 1958 she illustrated Paddington\'s debut the first edition of *A Bear Called Paddington* and her original illustrations were used by HarperCollins in its 1998 reissue of *A Bear Called Paddington*, which celebrated the character\'s 40th anniversary.
Although her pen-and-ink drawings of Paddington were done in black and white, some of them have been coloured by other artists, including her step-granddaughter Caroline Nuttall-Smith. One of her Paddington illustrations was used by the Royal Mail in 2006 for one in a series of first class stamps that celebrated animals from children\'s literature.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Fortnum married artist and sculptor Ralph Nuttall-Smith in 1958. He died in 1988. Fortnum resided in Essex, England, and died in March 2016 at the age of 96. She suffered from dementia. She was survived by her two nephews, the film historian Kevin Brownlow and the sculptor John Fortnum
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3,727,128 |
# Melville United AFC
**Melville United AFC** is an amateur football club in Melville, Hamilton, New Zealand. It competes in the Northern League.
## History
The club was formed in 1996 from the merger of Melville AFC (founded 1972) and Waikato United (founded 1988). The team play at Gower Park, which was previously home to Melville United, and before that Melville AFC. Waikato United had itself been formed as the result of a merger between several local clubs, most notably former Chatham Cup winners Hamilton Technical Old Boys
| 88 |
Melville United AFC
| 0 |
3,727,130 |
# Perkin Transactions
**Perkin Transactions** is a scientific journal devoted to organic chemistry published from 1997 to 2002 by the Royal Society of Chemistry. It was split into *Perkin Transactions I* and *Perkin Transactions II*. The predecessor journals published by the Chemical Society before the merger of that Society with other Societies to form the Royal Society of Chemistry were the *Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1* and *Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2* (1972-1996). They were replaced by *Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry*. The name honours the chemist Arthur George Perkin
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Perkin Transactions
| 0 |
3,727,136 |
# Mount Albert-Ponsonby
**Mount Albert-Ponsonby** is a semi-professional association football club in Mount Albert, Auckland, New Zealand.
## History
The club is an amalgamated between Mount Albert FC and Ponsonby in 1971. Ponsonby had previously won the Chatham Cup, New Zealand\'s premier knockout tournament, in 1927 and 1933.
The club won play-off series to earn a place in the 1971 National Soccer League. The team were briefly known, during their second season in the league, as Auckland City FC after getting support from Eden AFC
## Present day {#present_day}
Mount Albert-Ponsonby current home ground is Anderson Park, Mt Albert, Auckland. The team\'s current kit colours are Blue with a Gold trim for the home kit, and Red for the away kit
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3,727,141 |
# Metro FC (New Zealand)
Metro FC}} `{{Infobox football club
| clubname = Metro F.C.
| image = Metro_FC_logo.png
| caption=
| founded = {{start date and age|1899}}
| ground = Phyllis Street Reserve,<br />[[Mount Albert, New Zealand|Mt Albert]], [[Auckland]], [[New Zealand]]
| capacity = 3000 500 + seated
| chairman = {{flagicon|England}} Ants Owens
| manager = [[Neil Sykes]]
| league = [[NRFL Conference|NRFL Northern Conference]]
| season = [[2024 NRFL Leagues#Championship|2024]]
| position = [[NRFL Championship]], 11th of 12 (relegated)
| pattern_la1 = _black_stripes| pattern_b1 = _blackstripes6
| pattern_ra1 = _black_stripes| leftarm1 = FF0000 | body1 = FF0000 | rightarm1 = FF0000 | shorts1 = 000000
| socks1 = 000000
}}`{=mediawiki}
**Metro F.C.** is a New Zealand association football club, based in Auckland, that competes in the NRFL Championship, after winning promotion from Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Division 2 during the 2019 season.
The club was known as Metro College until the 1980s. They were members of the former top premier New Zealand football league the New Zealand National Soccer League which ended in 2004 to give way to the New Zealand Football Championship. The senior team is led by Nathan Christie;-- an experienced coach both as a head coach and assistant coach, Nathan Christie took over in the 2018 season after the club was relegated to Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Division 2 after the 2017 season. The club has a good history of playing at one of the two top level football leagues in New Zealand after the New Zealand Football Championship, they have also won one of the top leagues in New Zealand football the Northern League in the 1998 season and also managing to set a record of scoring the most goals in any match of the top New Zealand football national cup the Chatham Cup demolishing Norwest 21--0.
## History
Metro was established in 1899 as the Tabernacle-Metropolitan Club by parishioners of the local Baptist Church. Claiming to be Auckland\'s second-oldest existing club after North Shore United (founded in 1898), the club shortened its name to Metropolitan in 1921. Following a merger with College United in 1929, it adopted the name Metro College, which was later shortened to Metro in 1986.
The club is based at Phyllis Street Reserve in Mount Albert, Auckland, its home ground since 1950.
Metro shares the record for the largest victory in any stage of the Chatham Cup. In 1991, they defeatedNorwest 21--0, a record later equaled in 2005 by Central United (coincidentally also against Norwest). Metro has reached the semi-finals of the cup twice, in 1946 and 1998, but has never appeared in a final.
## Youth team & Academy {#youth_team_academy}
Metro F.C. is recognized for its strong youth teams and organised academy system. The club\'s U-19 team reached the finals of the 2009 Auckland Football Federation U-19 tournament qualifications but lost 2--1 to Mangere United U-19 team, missing out on a spot at the top football national youth tournament in New Zealand, the 2009 Napier National U-19 Championships. However, they secured 2nd place and qualified for the tournament, later reaching the semi-finals of the 2009 Napier National U-19 Championship Satellite (2nd tier)
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| 0 |
3,727,155 |
# Smith Lands station
**Smith Lands** is an island platformed METRORail light rail station in Houston, Texas, United States. The station was opened on January 1, 2004 and is operated by the Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County, Texas (METRO). The station is located south of the Texas Medical Center at the intersection of Greenbriar Drive and Colonnade Drive; Old Spanish Trail crosses Greenbriar Drive approximately one block south of the station.
Smith Lands Station feeds commuter traffic into the Texas Medical Center area, and services the adjacent Smith Lands commuter parking facility as well as several nearby apartment and condominium complexes. Other facilities located nearby include Texas Woman\'s Hospital, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center\'s Proton Therapy Center (see also: proton therapy) and office buildings serving several oil companies.
Smith Lands Station and the attached commuter parking facility are also used occasionally as part of an off-site event parking site for Houston Texans football games and the annual Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo as well as major concert, sporting and other events taking place at NRG Park, which is located 0.8 mi to the south next to Stadium Park/Astrodome station.
There is talk of building a parking garage, and using the surface lots as a redevelopment project, including residential units, office and maybe a hotel
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# Peter Lever
**Peter Lever** (17 September 1940 -- 27 March 2025) was an English cricketer, who played in seventeen Tests and ten ODIs for England from 1970 to 1975. A fast-medium opening bowler, he took 41 wickets and was a handy lower-order batsman with a top score of 88 not out. Towards the end of his career, during a Test match against New Zealand, he almost killed the New Zealand Test debutant Ewen Chatfield with a bouncer.
## Biography
Lever was born in Todmorden in West Yorkshire, England on 17 September 1940. His brother Colin was also a successful cricketer.
Lever played for Lancashire and Tasmania in a successful first-class career of 301 matches from 1960 until 1976, which yielded Lever 796 wickets and 3,534 runs. The inclusion of John Snow, Jeff Jones, David Brown and Ken Higgs in the England team delayed Lever\'s debut until, when aged 30, he played against Australia at Perth on 1 December 1970. He managed only two with the bat, but took a wicket in each innings.
Lever could deliver a dangerous bouncer, despite his gentle nature. Both were in evidence during a Test match between New Zealand and England in 1975 at Eden Park, Auckland, when New Zealand number 11 Ewen Chatfield was struck on the temple by one of Lever\'s bouncers. Chatfield\'s life was saved by the England team physiotherapist who performed mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and heart massage. Lever, in abject horror, fell to his knees, and had to be helped off the pitch by his team-mates. Lever later recalled: \"I honestly thought I had killed him as I saw him lying there in convulsions. I felt sick and ashamed at what I had done and all I could think when I got back to the pavilion was that I wanted to retire.\" However, when Lever visited Chatfield in hospital later, Chatfield assured Lever that the incident was not his fault. Lever went on to take 41 wickets in Test cricket, at 36.80 and including best bowling figures of 6/38, before his final Test ended on 5 August 1975 during another Ashes tour, Australia facing England at Lord\'s.
Lever also played ten One Day Internationals, including all England\'s matches the 1975 Cricket World Cup, taking 11 wickets but scoring only 17 runs. His ODI debut was also against Australia, at Melbourne on 5 January 1971, the first one-day international of all, and his last match was the world cup semi final at Headingley, Leeds, again against Australia, on 18 June 1975. This gives Lever the unusual distinction of having played both his debut, and last match, against Australia during Ashes tours, in both the Test and one day form of the game.
Lever\'s best Test bowling figures came in an Ashes match, the Test match prior to the Chatfield incident, the sixth test against Australia in 1974/5. England having previously been overwhelmed in this series, principally by the performances of Jeff Thomson and Dennis Lillee, *Wisden* observed of this match that \"England\'s big victory, impossible to foresee before the match even though Australia were without the injured Thomson, had its roots in Lever\'s excellent bowling on the first morning\". Lever had previously taken even better figures, 7/83, for England against the Rest of the World XI captained by Garfield Sobers in 1970. At the time this match had Test match status, although it was subsequently withdrawn. Lever made 88 not out, his highest first-class score, in a Test match against India in 1971, sharing an 8th wicket stand of 168 with Ray Illingworth, still as of 2022 England\'s highest eighth-wicket stand against India in Test matches. Lever also took his first Test five-wicket haul in the same match.
Lever\'s domestic career continued until 1976 in first-class cricket, and until 1983 in List-A. He then went on to become a coach at his old club, Lancashire. In the mid-1990s Lever also assisted Illingworth during his time as chairman of selectors.
In later years he helped coach at Lewdown Cricket Club in Devon.
Lever died following a short illness on 27 March 2025, at the age of 84
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