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# South Auckland Rangers
**South Auckland Rangers** is an association football club in New Zealand, affiliated to Northern Region Football.
The club play at the brand new Rongomai Park in Manukau, Auckland.
The team are regular entrants to the Chatham Cup, their best performance coming in 1995, when they reached the Fifth Round (last 16 stage).
## History
The club started as the Otara Rangers in 1973. In 1989 the Otara Rangers (based at Ngati Otara) merged with Clove nor Park United to form the club now known as \"The South Auckland Rangers\" and remained based at Ngati Otara until 1989.
The club moved to James Watson Park due to a promise made by the Manukau City Council to provide grounds solely for soccer use, so as to avoid any conflict with rugby league. When the South Auckland Rangers Association Football and Sports Club, was formed, the club had five senior and seven junior soccer teams.
As with neighbours Mangere United, SAR is one of the few surviving clubs in New Zealand to have been formed around a core of players predominantly of one ethnicity, with many of the players being of Fijian origin. Although this is now changing with 50--60% of current registered players being of ethnic origin other than Fijian.
The South Auckland Rangers are presently located at their new premises, Rongomai Park (with seven fields) where they have been since in November 2014.
The new clubrooms at Rongomai will be shared with the Southern Braves Softball Club and will be jointly administered with them via a Trust. Both clubs will provide two trustees each with a fifth independent trustee to be approved by both parties
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# Weigel's
**Weigel\'s** is a convenience store chain based in Powell, Tennessee with 84 locations in the East Tennessee region. They also own and operate Broadacre Dairy Inc, which processes milk, tea, juices, and eggnog for their convenience stores, as well as its own bakery, Red Barn Foods.
## History
The Weigel family entered the dairy business in 1931 with a \"herd\" of four cows on a 600-acre farm selling raw milk in 10-gallon cans. William Weigel Sr. began bottling pasteurized milk in 1935 and the company soon built a home delivery service.
In 1938, management of the operation passed completely to Lynn B. and William W. Weigel, both men having graduated from the University of Tennessee\'s School of Dairy Science. Lynn was in charge of the office and dairy operations and William was in charge of farm operations and marketing. In 1947, the new plant was modernized, and ice cream and cottage cheese production were added.
Primarily to provide an outlet for their returnable gallon milk jugs and other dairy products, the Weigel brothers opened drive-through stores in East Tennessee. 500 sqft Store Number 1, on Sanderson Road in Knoxville, Tennessee, opened on December 9, 1958. Current CEO Billy Weigel expanded on that idea when he opened the company\'s first walk-in milk store, in 1964, which became one of the first convenience stores in Knoxville.
The company opened its own bakery, Red Barn Foods, in 2014. The 12,000-square-foot facility makes daily delivers of donuts, cookies and muffins to Weigel\'s locations throughout the region. The company is expanding on that fresh concept with Weigel\'s Kitchens inside some locations.
Between 1999 and 2015, Weigel\'s invested more than \$120 million in new store builds, opening about 40 new and replacement locations.
## Weigel\'s Milk {#weigels_milk}
In 1958, Weigel\'s introduced its Jug O'Milk brand. All Weigel\'s milk is produced at the Broadacre Dairy dairy farm in Powell, Tennessee. The milk is cold pasteurized the old-fashioned way, allowing it to retain a natural creamy flavor. Being a small and local dairy, the company\'s localized supply chain is able to bring the milk from farm-to-store within 24 hours.
Weigel\'s chocolate milk has won three Tennessee State Fair Blue Ribbon awards
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# Eugene Chargers
The **Eugene Chargers** were a team in the International Basketball League based in Eugene, Oregon. The team was coached by Kenya Wilkins and played home games at Northwest Christian University\'s Morse Events Center. Founded in 2006, the team did not compete in the 2008 IBL season.
## 2006 season
The Chargers went 13-7 in the regular season. Guard Larry Morinia led the team in scoring, with 24.8ppg. The Chargers\' attack was led by Morinia, who was an all-star, alongside center Bonell Colas (22.6 ppg) and forward J.R. Patrick (21.7 ppg)
## Roster and coaching staff {#roster_and_coaching_staff}
*Roster for the 2007 season*
+----------------------+
| **Eugene Chargers**\ |
| **Current Roster** |
+----------------------+
| F |
+----------------------+
| F |
+----------------------+
| G |
+----------------------+
| PG |
+----------------------+
| F |
+----------------------+
| F |
+----------------------+
| PG |
+----------------------+
| C |
+----------------------+
| F |
+----------------------+
| G |
+----------------------+
| PG/G |
+----------------------+
| F |
+----------------------+
+-------------------------------------+
| **Eugene Chargers**\ |
| **Coaching Staff** |
+-------------------------------------+
| Head Coach |
+-------------------------------------+
| Assistant Coach and General Manager |
+-------------------------------------+
| Assistant Coach |
+-------------------------------------+
| Consultant |
+-------------------------------------+
## Season by season {#season_by_season}
--------------------
**Regular Season**
**Year**
2006
2007
--------------------
## All-Stars {#all_stars}
### 2006
- Bonell Colas
- Larry Morinia
- J. R
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# Papatoetoe AFC
**Papatoetoe AFC** is an amateur football club based in Papatoetoe, New Zealand. They currently compete in the NRF Championship, however, have enjoyed successful spells at the top of the New Zealand game, namely in the former National League, and having won two NRFL Premier League crowns.
## History
Papatoetoe AFC was founded in 1959 through the efforts of Ken Hastings. The club entered the new Franklin & Districts competitions in 1960, competing from a site at the Papatoetoe Recreation Ground on Great South Road. In 1965 the club moved to its current home at Murdoch Park and the same year its senior team entered the Northern League. It gained promotion to the premier division in 1971, and it spent much of the next decade in either the lower reaches of the Premier League or the upper part of the second flight.
Papatoetoe have reached the Quarter-finals of the Chatham Cup on three occasions, in 1984, 1985, and 1986, but have yet to progress beyond this stage of the competition.
In 2022, the Reserves team won the NRF Knockout Cup
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# Onehunga Mangere United AFC
**Onehunga Mangere United** is an amateur association football club in Māngere Bridge, New Zealand. They currently compete in the NRFL Championship.
## History
The club was formed in 1921 as a sporting club for members of the Onehunga Methodist Church. In 1924 at a meeting of members the decision was taken to rename the club Onehunga Athletic Soccer Club and Waikaraka Park became the clubs first official home ground before becoming the Onehunga Association Football Club in 1926. In 1964 at the A.G.M. there was a suggestion that the club look seriously at incorporating the Māngere name as Onehunga Mangere United AFC. In 1965, the club took over the sporting grounds located at the base of Māngere Mountain in Māngere Bridge. The 1965 season saw the start of the new Northern League with Onehunga Mangere, the first of the new name, perched in the first division. The club relocated, after being given permission by Auckland Council, to relocate to Mangere Domain where they remain to this day.
The club won the New Zealand Chatham Cup as Onehunga in 1954 and has made the last 16 teams in the cup once in 2024
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# Ngaruawahia United AFC
**Ngaruawahia United AFC** is an association football club based in Ngāruawāhia, New Zealand. They compete in the NRFL Championship, following back-to-back promotions from the WaiBOP Premiership in 2021 and NRFL Division 2 in 2022. Ngaruawahia United AFC play their home matches at Centennial Park, Ngāruawāhia.
## Club history {#club_history}
The club was formed in 1968 as Ngaruawahia United, made up primarily of the teenagers attending Ngaruawahia High School. Following the amalgamation of Ngaruawahia United and Affco Rangers in 1977 the club became known as Ngaruawahia-Affco United. In 1986 Affco was dropped from the name.
## Ngaruawahia United honours board {#ngaruawahia_united_honours_board}
- 1976 Cambridge Tournament runners-up
- 1998 Chatham Cup semi-finalists
- 2006 Northern League Division Two runners-up
- 2006 Cambridge Tournament runners-up
- 2007 Cambridge Tournament Plate winners
- 2008 Cambridge Tournament winners
- 2009 Promotion to Premier League
- 2011 Promoted to Division 1
- 2013 Promoted to Premier Division
- 2020 WaiBOP Premiership runners-up
- 2021 Cambridge Tournament winners
- 2021 Chatham Cup round of sixteen
- 2021 WaiBOP Premiership winners
- 2022 Promoted to Division 2
- 2022 Runners up in Division 2
- 2022 Winners of Division 2 U23 Division
- 2023 Promoted to Division 1
## 1998 Chatham Cup run {#chatham_cup_run}
In 1998 Ngaruawahia United went on a Chatham Cup run that took the club all the way to the semi-finals. Ngaruawahia United occupied the sports headlines in New Zealand until they met Dunedin Technical. Playing away from home, Ngaruawahia United had several chances to cause an upset, but it was the South Islanders who would prevail 2--0.
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# Ngaruawahia United AFC
## International friendlies {#international_friendlies}
Ngaruawahia United played its first friendly international since the 1990s against the National League champions of the Solomon Islands. Marist FC -- who were eliminated from the 2006 OFC Club Championship at the hands of Auckland City and AS Pirae -- travelled to Ngaruawahia to play the friendly emphasising the Kiwi clubs strong South Pacific connections.
After a goalless first half, Marist FC scored two late second-half goals to take the game 2--0 despite a gritty performance from Ngaruawahia United. At the end of the match Ngaruawahia United President Maxine Williams presented Marist FC coach Patrick Miniti with a hamper of football gear to take back to the Melanesian country.
Shortly after this match, Ngaruawahia United signed Solomon Islands international player Stanley Waita. Waita won 30 caps for his country and appeared in the OFC Nations Cup Final and FIFA World Cup playoff against Australia. Waita was a significant factor in Ngaruawahia United\'s promotion charge scoring a raft of goals. His form was enough to earn him a contract with NZFC side Waikato FC.
In 2007 Ngaruawahia United played Solomon Islands U-20 at Centennial Park losing the match 5--1. Lance Louvie scored for Ngaruawahia United but Solomon Islands U-20 proved too strong with a strong performance. Solomon Islands U-20 later drew 1--1 with New Zealand U-20 at Trusts Stadium in the OFC U-20 Men\'s Championship won by the host nation.
Ngaruawahia United\'s second international fixture saw a match with Samoa U-20 at the Charles J. Dempsey Football Academy at the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) headquarters in Penrose, Auckland, the match finishing in an entertaining 3--3 draw. Star performers for Ngaruawahia included debutant and former Solomon Islands international midfielder David Firisua and young South African-born attacker Lance Louvie.
Ngaruawahia United has played international fixtures previously including a 2--1 win over Tonga back in the 1990s at Centennial Park.
### International record since 2006 {#international_record_since_2006}
- vs. Marist FC (SOLOMON ISLANDS) lost 0--2
- vs. Samoa U-20 (SAMOA) drew 3--3
- vs
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# Otahuhu United
**Otahuhu United** is a football club in Auckland, New Zealand. Otahuhu United was formed in 1975 as a breakaway side from the Courier Rangers club, formed by parents and junior players unhappy with the organisation of that club. Initially sited at Bert Henham Park, the side were granted the right to play as part of the Auckland Association on the condition that only junior clubs could be fielded for the first three years. The club fielded numerous junior teams, playing in strips modelled on those of English side Norwich City F.C.
In 1990 the club moved to Seaside Park Reserve, the former home of Courier Rangers
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# MicroEMACS
**MicroEMACS** is a small, portable Emacs-like text editor originally written by Dave Conroy in 1985, and further developed by Daniel M. Lawrence (1958--2010) and was maintained by him. MicroEMACS has been ported to many operating systems, including CP/M, MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows, VMS, Atari ST, AmigaOS, OS-9, NeXTSTEP, and various Unix-like operating systems.
Variants of MicroEMACS also exist, such as mg, a more GNU Emacs-compatible editor. Many relationships to contemporary editors can also be found in MicroEMACS. The vi clone vile was derived from an older version of MicroEMACS.
University of Washington\'s simple text editor Pico was based on MicroEMACS 3.6. Pico\'s featureset and interface would later be emulated in the free software clone GNU nano due to its ambiguous licensing terms.
Linus Torvalds, creator of Linux, has been a user of MicroEMACS since his days as a student at the University of Helsinki. Torvalds also maintains [a fork of MicroEMACS](https://github.com/torvalds/uemacs)
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# Masaki Takemiya
is a professional Go player.
## Biography
Masaki Takemiya was born in Japan. He became one of the many disciples of the Minoru Kitani school. His rise to fame began when he was only 15 years old. He earned the nickname \"9 dan killer\" because he won several games against top rated players. His famous \"cosmic style\" of Go would become popular among fans. It focused on large moyo in the center of the board. He\'s known as keeping a consistent record of winning titles. The longest period in which he did not hold a title has only been 4 years. He closed off 2005 with an impressive win of 16 straight games, which was stopped by Omori Yasushi in the qualifiers for the 3rd World Oza.
Outside of Go, Takemiya also won the biggest Japanese backgammon tournament, the 12th Saint of the Board title, by beating the former holder, Abe Akiko.
Four of Takemiya\'s books have been published in English \-- *Enclosure Joseki* (Kiseido Press), now out of print; *Imagination of a Go Master* (NEMESIS Enterprises), *This is Go the Natural Way!* (Hinoki Press); and *Cosmic Go* (Board N\' Stones).
## Style
Takemiya is known for his \"Double 4\" fuseki when he uses white, where he usually starts the game like so:
------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------
{{Goban \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|b1\| \| \| \| \| \|w4\| \| \| \| \| \|x\| \| \| \| \| \|x\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|x\| \| \| \| \| \|x\| \| \| \| \| \|x\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|w2\| \| \| \| \| \|x\| \| \| \| \| \|x\|b3\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 20}}
\"Double 4\" fuseki (White).
------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------
Takemiya is a favorite among amateur go players because of his very thick playing style as black. His sanrensei (three star) openings involve plenty of fights.
-------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------
{{Goban \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|08\| \|12\|10\| \| \| \| \|w\| \| \| \| \| \|x\| \| \|13\| \| \|b\|11\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|09\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|x\| \| \| \| \| \|x\| \| \| \| \| \|bT\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|07\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|w\| \| \| \| \| \|x\| \| \| \| \|05\|b\|03\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|01\| \|00\| \|04\|02\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|06\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 20}}
Takemiya\'s famous moyo (right side)
-------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------
The sequence of moves from 00-07 in the lower right corner involves a common joseki that creates a moyo in conjunction with the triangled stone. Takemiya often plays a variation of this joseki but has made a few innovations of his own such as the kosumi in response to the same corner approach in the upper right corner. The resulting sequence could result in moves 08-13, where 09 is the kosumi move.
### Takemiya on go and dancing {#takemiya_on_go_and_dancing}
Takemiya\'s other great love is dancing. He says that go is more like a dance than a war and that learning to dance has made him a better go player. This has also influenced his style in his later years.
## Titles and runners-up {#titles_and_runners_up}
Takemiya is one of the top title holders in Japan
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# Richard Hutton (cricketer)
**Richard Anthony Hutton** (born 6 September 1942) is a former English cricketer, who played in five Test matches for the England cricket team in 1971. A right-handed batsman and right-arm seam bowler, Hutton\'s bowling was probably his stronger discipline, but he was considered an all-rounder. He played first-class cricket for Yorkshire County Cricket Club. He is the son of cricketer Len Hutton, described by *Wisden Cricketers\' Almanack* as \"one of the greatest batsmen in the history of cricket.\"
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
He was educated at Repton School, where he developed a reputation as an all-round cricketer, and Christ\'s College, Cambridge, being awarded a blue at Cambridge. He played for Yorkshire from 1962 until 1974, and for Transvaal in South Africa.
Hutton made his Test debut in a drawn match against Pakistan in 1971, being promoted to open in the second innings and scoring 58 not out in his maiden Test innings. His highest Test score of 81 came in his last Test match, at The Oval against India. He shared a century partnership for the seventh wicket with the wicket-keeper Alan Knott, after the Indian spinners did some early damage. A surprise choice for the World XI tour of Australia in 1971--72, he struggled playing alongside the biggest names in international cricket.
In 1980--81, he toured Bangladesh with the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) team. Hutton had a spell as editor of *The Cricketer* magazine.
His father, Sir Leonard Hutton, captained England, while his elder son, Ben Hutton, captained Middlesex in 2005 and 2006. His brother, John, also appeared in first-class cricket
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# John Jameson (cricketer)
**John Alexander Jameson** `{{post-nominals|country=GBR|MBE}}`{=mediawiki} (born 30 June 1941) is a former English cricketer who played in four Test matches and three One Day Internationals for the England cricket team between 1971 and 1975. Jameson played for Warwickshire County Cricket Club from 1960 until 1976.
Primarily a hard-hitting top-order batsman, Jameson was also a useful occasional off-spin or medium-pace bowler. A capable slip fielder, he occasionally kept wicket. On one occasion, Jameson was a member of a Warwickshire team that boasted three international wicket-keepers, but he had to keep wicket nonetheless: Deryck Murray was injured, Rohan Kanhai had given up keeping, and A.C. Smith had been selected for his bowling.
Cricket correspondent, Colin Bateman, noted, \"Born into the era of Boycott, Edrich and Amiss, John Jameson had precious few opportunities to break into Test cricket. A brave, attacking opener who was at his best trying to hammer fast bowling out of the ground, he played a couple of Tests in 1971 but did not help his cause by being run out in three of his first four innings\". He is unique in being the only England cricketer to be run out in both innings of a Test match. In addition, he is the only Test cricketer ever to be similarly dismissed in three successive Test innings.
Jameson was diagnosed with Diabetes mellitus type 2 in 2004.
## Early life and career {#early_life_and_career}
Jameson made his Test debut against India in 1971, scoring 82 in his second Test. His only Test tour was the West Indies tour of 1973--74, on which he was selected for one One Day International and two Tests, without personal success with the bat. He also played two ODIs during the 1975 Cricket World Cup.
Jameson scored 240 not out, his highest first-class score, against Gloucestershire at Edgbaston in 1974, sharing with Kanhai (who scored 213 not out) an unbeaten second-wicket partnership of 465, which remains a record for the second wicket in County cricket.
His brother Thomas Jameson appeared for Warwickshire and Cambridge University in 1970.
## Later career {#later_career}
Being born in the sub-continent, Jameson always took a special interest in South Asian cricket. He visited Bangladesh twice with Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) sides, first in 1978--79 and again in 1980--81. He became an instant hit with the cricket lovers of Dhaka, not so much for his cricket, but more for his rather bulky figure. Later on, he served Bangladesh cricket as a coach and helped in the early development of cricket in Bangladesh.
Jameson was a first-class umpire between 1984 and 1987, as well as working as a pitch inspector for the ECB. He is well known for his expertise on the laws of cricket, being called before the Daryll Hair tribunal in 2007 as an expert witness.
He coached at Sussex and was appointed MCC cricket secretary in 1989. Jameson was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2010 New Year Honours for services to cricket
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# List of birds of Bengaluru
The following is a list of birds found in and around Bengaluru in Karnataka, India. The Nandi Hills, Bannerghatta forest ranges and the Kaveri valley/Sangam area are included in addition to the Bengaluru city limits roughly extending 40 kilometres around the city centre (General Post Office). The area has been studied from early times due to its climate and accessibility during the Colonial period. This list also includes annotations. This list is largely based on an annotated checklist published in 1994. The family placement and sequence of families is based on the IOC world bird list (version 2.9).
\
`{{horizontal TOC|nonum=yes}}`{=mediawiki}
## Galliformes
### Family: Phasianidae {#family_phasianidae}
- Grey francolin, *Francolinus pondicerianus* (breeding resident on outskirts)
- Common quail, *Coturnix coturnix* (rare, not seen since 2013)
- Rain quail, *Coturnix coromandelica* (rare, still common at Hesaraghatta and Maidenahalli areas)
- Jungle bush quail, *Perdicula asiatica* (breeding resident on outskirts)
- Rock bush quail, *Perdicula argoondah* (common at Maidenahalli region)
- Painted bush quail, *Perdicula erythrorhyncha* (rare, no recent records from Bengaluru)
- Red spurfowl, *Galloperdix spadicea* (rare)
- Painted spurfowl, *Galloperdix lunulata* (rare)
- Grey junglefowl, *Gallus sonneratii* (breeding resident)
- Indian peafowl, *Pavo cristatus* (breeding resident)
## Anseriformes
### Family: Anatidae {#family_anatidae}
- Fulvous whistling-duck, *Dendrocygna bicolor* (vagrant, mostly from old records. However, new sightings have surfaced)
- Lesser whistling-duck, *Dendrocygna javanica*
- Greylag goose, *Anser anser*
- Bar-headed goose, *Anser indicus*
- Ruddy shelduck, *Tadorna ferruginea* (historic)
- Knob-billed duck, *Sarkidiornis melanotos* (rare)
- Cotton pygmy goose, *Nettapus coromandelianus*
- Gadwall, *Mareca strepera*
- Eurasian wigeon, *Mareca penelope*
- Indian spot-billed duck, *Anas poecilorhyncha*
- Northern shoveler, *Spatula clypeata*
- Northern pintail, *Anas acuta*
- Garganey, *Spatula querquedula*
- Common teal, *Anas crecca*
- Common pochard, *Aythya ferina*
- Ferruginous duck, *Aythya nyroca* (unconfirmed record from Hesaraghatta, possibly in error)
## Podicipediformes
### Family: Podicipedidae {#family_podicipedidae}
- Little grebe, *Tachybaptus ruficollis*
### Family: Phoenicopteridae {#family_phoenicopteridae}
- Greater flamingo, *Phoenicopterus roseus* (vagrant. A flock of about 6 individuals recorded at Hoskote lake in September 2019)
- Lesser flamingo, *Phoenicopterus minor* (vagrant, historic)
## Ciconiiformes
### Family: Ciconiidae {#family_ciconiidae}
- Painted stork, *Mycteria leucocephala*
- Asian openbill, *Anastomus oscitans*
- Asian woolly-necked stork, *Ciconia episcopus*
- White stork, *Ciconia ciconia* (rare, no recent records in the area for over 6--7 years)
- Black stork, *Ciconia nigra* (winter visitor)
- Black-necked stork, *Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus* (could possibly be in error)
- Lesser adjutant, *Leptoptilos javanicus* (records north and south of Bengaluru, in Mysore and Chikkballapur)
## Pelecaniformes
### Family: Threskiornithidae {#family_threskiornithidae}
- Glossy ibis, *Plegadis falcinellus*
- Black-headed ibis, *Threskiornis melanocephalus*
- Red-naped ibis, *Pseudibis papillosa*
- Eurasian spoonbill, *Platalea leucorodia*
### Family: Ardeidae {#family_ardeidae}
- Little egret, *Egretta garzetta*
- Western reef egret, *Egretta gularis* (rare)
- Grey heron, *Ardea cinerea*
- Purple heron, *Ardea purpurea*
- Eastern great egret, *Ardea modesta*
- Intermediate egret, *Mesophoyx intermedia*
- Cattle egret, *Bubulcus ibis*
- Indian pond heron, *Ardeola grayii*
- Striated heron, *Butorides striatus*
- Black-crowned night heron, *Nycticorax nycticorax*
- Little bittern, *Ixobrychus minutus* (historical, possibly in error)
- Yellow bittern, *Ixobrychus sinensis*
- Cinnamon bittern, *Ixobrychus cinnamomeus*
- Black bittern, *Ixobrychus flavicollis* (uncommon resident)
- Great bittern, *Botaurus stellaris* (historic)
### Family: Pelecanidae {#family_pelecanidae}
- Spot-billed pelican, *Pelecanus philippensis*
- Great white pelican, *Pelecanus onocrotalus* (vagrant? -- first noted in 2008 -- one in 2017 at Ranganathittu)
## Suliformes
### Family: Phalacrocoracidae {#family_phalacrocoracidae}
- Little cormorant, *Microcarbo niger*
- Indian cormorant, *Phalacrocorax fuscicollis*
- Great cormorant, *Phalacrocorax carbo*
### Family: Anhingidae {#family_anhingidae}
- Oriental darter, *Anhinga melanogaster*
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# List of birds of Bengaluru
## Accipitriformes
### Family Pandionidae {#family_pandionidae}
- Osprey, *Pandion haliaetus* (historic, few recent sightings)
### Family: Accipitridae {#family_accipitridae}
- Black baza, *Aviceda leuphotes* (rare, possibly passage migrant, one historic record from Bengaluru Golf Club, 1980s and one record from Nandi Hills. Newer records could shed light on this species habits in the region.)
- Crested honey buzzard, *Pernis ptilorhyncus*
- Black-winged kite, *Elanus caeruleus*
- Black kite, *Milvus migrans*
- Brahminy kite, *Haliastur indus*
- Lesser fish eagle, *Ichthyophaga humilis* (Kaveri valley)
- Grey-headed fish eagle, *Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus* (records only from Cauvery WLS area)
- Egyptian vulture, *Neophron percnopterus*
- White-rumped vulture, *Gyps bengalensis* (locally extinct in Bengaluru, common in Nagarahole NP)
- Indian vulture, *Gyps indicus* (locally extinct in Bengaluru, populations however slowly recovering)
- Himalayan vulture, *Gyps himalayensis* (rare vagrant -- juveniles mainly)
- Red-headed vulture, *Sarcogyps calvus* (historic, some stragglers still arrive in the Kaveri Valley and the species is relatively common in the Bandipur-Nagarahole region.)
- Short-toed snake eagle, *Circaetus gallicus*
- Crested serpent eagle, *Spilornis cheela*
- Marsh harrier, *Circus aeruginosus*
- Hen harrier, *Circus cyaneus*
- Pallid harrier, *Circus macrourus*
- Pied harrier, *Circus melanoleucos*
- Montagu\'s harrier, *Circus pygargus*
- Crested goshawk, *Accipiter trivirgatus* (only from the Cauvery WLS south, although stragglers in Bengaluru not unlikely)
- Shikra, *Accipiter badius*
- Eurasian sparrowhawk, *Accipiter nisus*
- Northern goshawk, *Accipiter gentilis*
- Besra, *Accipiter virgatus* (rare in Bannerghatta, gets common further south)
- White-eyed buzzard, *Butastur teesa*
- Black eagle, *Ictinaetus malaiensis*
- Indian spotted eagle, *Clanga hastata* (older records of lesser spotted eagle, *Aquila pomarina* may be attributed to this species)
- Greater spotted eagle, *Clanga clanga*
- Tawny eagle, *Aquila rapax*
- Steppe eagle, *Aquila nipalensis*
- Eastern imperial eagle, *Aquila heliaca* (historic, possibly in error. Most recent records from Northern Karnataka)
- Bonelli\'s eagle, *Aquila fasciata*
- Booted eagle, *Hieraaetus pennatus*
- Rufous-bellied hawk-eagle, *Lophotriorchis kienerii* (rare) (a photographic record of a juvenile from the Kaveri valley area, one from Bannerghatta)
- Changeable hawk-eagle, *Nisaetus cirrhatus*
- Common buzzard, *Buteo buteo* (records of birds in Bengaluru and outskirts -- Arkavathi Layout and other areas)
- Long-legged buzzard, *Buteo rufinus* (recent records from north of Bengaluru)
## Falconiformes
### Family: Falconidae {#family_falconidae}
- Common kestrel, *Falco tinnunculus*
- Lesser kestrel, *Falco naumanni* (rare, records from Hesaraghatta and Chikkballapur areas)
- Red-necked falcon, *Falco chicquera*
- Laggar falcon, *Falco jugger*
- Eurasian hobby, *Falco subbuteo* (rare)
- Amur falcon, *Falco amurensis* (rare, passage)
- Peregrine falcon, *Falco peregrinus*
- Shaheen falcon, *Falco peregrinus peregrinator* (resident)
- Peregrine falcon, *Falco peregrinus calidus* (winter migrant)
## Otidiformes
### Family: Otididae {#family_otididae}
- Great Indian bustard, *Ardeotis nigriceps* (historic, known from Northeastern Karnataka-the nearest new records)
- Lesser florican, *Sypheotides indicus* (mostly old records, one in 2011-12 from Hesaraghatta region)
## Gruiformes
### Family: Rallidae {#family_rallidae}
- White-breasted waterhen, *Amaurornis phoenicurus*
- Brown crake, *Zapornia akool*
- Slaty-legged crake, *Rallina eurizonoides* (rare, one recent record from the IISc campus in Bengaluru. More usual at BR Hills Tiger Reserve, close to Mysore)
- Spotted crake, *Porzana porzana* (one recent record from Anekal region, close to Tamil Nadu border)
- Baillon\'s crake, *Zapornia pusilla*
- Ruddy-breasted crake, *Zapornia fusca*
- Slaty-breasted rail, *Lewinia striata*
- Watercock, *Gallicrex cinerea* (historic, still exist in small pockets)
- Grey-headed swamphen, *Porphyrio poliocephalus*
- Common moorhen, *Gallinula chloropus*
- Eurasian coot, *Fulica atra*
### Family: Gruidae {#family_gruidae}
- Demoiselle crane, *Anthropoides virgo* (historic, once recorded at Hulimangala in 2015)
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# List of birds of Bengaluru
## Charadriiformes
### Family: Turnicidae {#family_turnicidae}
- Yellow-legged buttonquail, *Turnix tanki* (rare, only records have been from the Indian Institute of Science campus)
- Barred buttonquail, *Turnix suscitator* (uncommon, mostly seen in the Bannerghatta and Kanakapura scrub areas)
### Family: Burhinidae {#family_burhinidae}
- Indian stone-curlew, *Burhinus indicus* (rare)
- Great stone-curlew, *Esacus recurvirostris* (rare)
### Family Recurvirostridae {#family_recurvirostridae}
- Black-winged stilt, *Himantopus himantopus*
- Pied avocet, *Recurvirostra avosetta* (historic, recent records from Sonnapura in Chikkballapura)
### Family Charadriidae {#family_charadriidae}
- Pacific golden plover, *Pluvialis fulva* (rare)
- Grey plover, *Pluvialis squatarola* (rare)
- Common ringed plover, *Charadrius hiaticula* (rare, no recent records)
- Little ringed plover, *Charadrius dubius* (breeding resident)
- Kentish plover, *Charadrius alexandrinus*
- Yellow-wattled lapwing, *Vanellus malabaricus* (breeding resident, found only in open areas)
- Grey-headed lapwing, *Vanellus cinereus* (rare winter visitor)
- Red-wattled lapwing, *Vanellus indicus* (breeding resident)
### Family: Rostratulidae {#family_rostratulidae}
- Greater painted snipe, *Rostratula benghalensis*
### Family: Jacanidae {#family_jacanidae}
- Pheasant-tailed jacana, *Hydrophasianus chirurgus*
- Bronze-winged jacana, *Metopidius indicus* (common resident)
### Family: Scolopacidae {#family_scolopacidae}
- Eurasian woodcock, *Scolopax rusticola* (vagrant)
- Pintail snipe, *Gallinago stenura*
- Great snipe, *Gallinago media* (historic)
- Common snipe, *Gallinago gallinago*
- Wood snipe, *Gallinago nemoricola* (historic)
- Jack snipe, *Lymnocryptes minimus* (not many recent reports)
- Black-tailed godwit, *Limosa limosa*
- Eurasian curlew, *Numenius arquata*
- Eurasian whimbrel, *Numenius phaeopus* (rare passage migrant?)
- Spotted redshank, *Tringa erythropus*
- Common redshank, *Tringa totanus*
- Marsh sandpiper, *Tringa stagnatilis*
- Common greenshank, *Tringa nebularia*
- Green sandpiper, *Tringa ochropus*
- Wood sandpiper, *Tringa glareola*
- Terek sandpiper, *Xenus cinereus*
- Common sandpiper, *Actitis hypoleucos*
- Dunlin, *Calidris alpina* (recent record from Hesaraghatta)
- Curlew sandpiper, *Calidris ferruginea*
- Little stint, *Calidris minuta*
- Temminck\'s stint, *Calidris temminckii*
- Long-toed stint, *Calidris subminuta*
- Ruff, *Philomachus pugnax*
- Red-necked phalarope, *Phalaropus lobatus* (historic and rare passage migrant)
### Family: Glareolidae {#family_glareolidae}
- Indian courser, *Cursorius coromandelicus* (Dr Robert B. Watson shot an Indian courser from a flock on 26 April 1952 and again saw two birds when he visited on 15 May 1952.)
- Small pratincole, *Glareola lactea*
- Oriental pratincole, *Glareola maldivarum*
- Collared pratincole, *Glareola pratincola*
### Family: Laridae {#family_laridae}
- Brown-headed gull, *Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus*
- Black-headed gull, *Chroicocephalus ridibundus*
- Slender-billed gull, *Chroicocephalus genei* (rare -- first record in November 2016 -- 3 individuals in Madivala Lake, one recently spotted at Hesaraghatta)
- Heuglin\'s gull, *Larus fuscus heuglini* (telemetry shows it flew over Bengaluru)
### Family Sternidae {#family_sternidae}
- Gull-billed tern, *Gelochelidon nilotica* (rare)
- Caspian tern, *Hydroprogne caspia* (rare)
- River tern, *Sterna aurantia*
- Black-bellied tern, *Sterna acuticauda* (rare, recent records only from Talakad near Mysore)
- Little tern, *Sternula albifrons* (rare with few records near Bengaluru)
- Whiskered tern, *Chlidonias hybrida*
- White-winged tern, *Chlidonias leucopterus* (rare, few records from north region)
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# List of birds of Bengaluru
## Pterocliformes
### Family: Pteroclidae {#family_pteroclidae}
- Painted sandgrouse, *Pterocles indicus* (rare, only a few records in recent times)
- Chestnut-bellied sandgrouse, *Pterocles exustus* (historic, some new records from Maidenahalli)
## Columbiformes
### Family: Columbidae {#family_columbidae}
- Rock pigeon, *Columba livia*
- Nilgiri wood pigeon, *Columba elphinstonii* (only in Nandi Hills -- historic record from Bannerghatta National Park)
- Green imperial pigeon, *Ducula aenea* (only from Cauvery WLS; a recent record exists from Pearl Valley)
- Laughing dove, *Spilopelia senegalensis*
- Spotted dove, *Spilopelia chinensis*
- Oriental turtle dove, *Streptopelia orientalis* (rare)
- Red collared dove, *Streptopelia tranquebarica* (rare)
- Eurasian collared dove, *Streptopelia decaocto*
- Yellow-footed green pigeon, *Treron phoenicoptera* (rare)
- Orange-breasted green pigeon, *Treron bicincta* (rare) (a few records in 2006 and 2011 from Hesaraghatta and Indian Institute of Science, one more recently from B M Kaval Forest)
- Grey-fronted green pigeon, *Treron affinis* (rare, records only from Bannerghatta National Park)
## Psittaciformes
### Family: Psittacidae {#family_psittacidae}
- Alexandrine parakeet, *Psittacula eupatria* (rare)
- Rose-ringed parakeet, *Psittacula krameri* (breeding resident)
- Plum-headed parakeet, *Psittacula cyanocephala* (unclear pattern, but commoner in winter)
- Blue-winged parakeet, *Psittacula columboides* (historic, but recent records from near the Kanakapura and Thali forest areas. Most recent record from Bangalore University campus in 2021)
- Red-breasted parakeet, *Psittacula alexandri* (introduced escapees)
- Vernal hanging parrot, *Loriculus vernalis* (records in Bengaluru have been only from the Indian Institute of Science campus. Rather surprisingly, there have been increasing recent records in and near the Devarayanadurga Forest region.)
## Cuculiformes
### Family: Cuculidae {#family_cuculidae}
- Pied cuckoo, *Clamator jacobinus*
- Chestnut-winged cuckoo, *Clamator coromandus* (rare, a few records from Bengaluru and adjoining regions)
- Large hawk-cuckoo, *Hierococcyx sparverioides* (one recent record from Valley School (B M Kaval). More common at the Bandipur and Nagarahole NPs)
- Common hawk-cuckoo, *Hierococcyx varius*
- Indian cuckoo, *Cuculus micropterus* (uncommon, becoming increasingly rare/elusive)
- Common cuckoo, *Cuculus canorus* (passage)
- Himalayan cuckoo, *Cuculus saturatus* (possibly in error)
- Lesser cuckoo, *Cuculus poliocephalus* (BngBirds in 2014 from Hesserghatta, passage)
- Banded bay cuckoo, *Cacomantis sonneratii* (rare)
- Grey-bellied cuckoo, *Cacomantis passerinus*
- Fork-tailed drongo-cuckoo, *Surniculus dicruroides*
- Asian koel, *Eudynamys scolopacea*
- Blue-faced malkoha, *Phaenicophaeus viridirostris*
- Sirkeer malkoha, *Phaenicophaeus leschenaultii* (rare, reported from Maidenahalli)
- Greater coucal, *Centropus sinensis*
## Strigiformes
### Family: Tytonidae {#family_tytonidae}
- Eastern barn owl, *Tyto javanica*
### Family: Strigidae {#family_strigidae}
- Short-eared owl, *Asio flammeus* (rare, vagrant)
- Oriental scops owl, *Otus sunia*
- Indian scops owl, *Otus bakkamoena*
- Indian eagle-owl, *Bubo bengalensis* (found in rocky outcrops such as at the NICE expressway, declining fast from urbanisation)
- Spot-bellied eagle-owl, *Bubo nipalensis* (historic records from Kaveri valley. One juvenile was recorded by a camera trap at Bilikal Betta, Ramanagara district in 2015)
- Brown fish owl, *Ketupa zeylonensis* (records only from the Bannerghatta National Park in Bengaluru, not rare in Kaveri Valley)
- Mottled wood owl, *Strix ocellata*
- Brown-wood owl, *Strix leptogrammica* (rare, records so far only from Bannerghatta area and GKVK campus)
- Jungle owlet, *Glaucidium radiatum*
- Spotted owlet, *Athene brama*
- Brown boobook, *Ninox scutulata* (rare, except in Kaveri Valley where the species is fairly common)
## Caprimulgiformes
### Family: Caprimulgidae {#family_caprimulgidae}
- Jungle nightjar, *Caprimulgus indicus*
- Sykes\'s nightjar, *Caprimulgus mahrattensis* (historic)
- Jerdon\'s nightjar, *Caprimulgus atripennis*
- Indian nightjar, *Caprimulgus asiaticus*
- Savanna nightjar, *Caprimulgus affinis*
- Grey nightjar, *Caprimulgus jotaka* (specimen examined by S A Hussain)
## Apodiformes
### Family: Hemiprocnidae {#family_hemiprocnidae}
- Crested treeswift, *Hemiprocne coronata*
### Family: Apodidae {#family_apodidae}
- Indian swiftlet, *Collocalia unicolor* (rare)
- White-rumped needletail, *Zoonavena sylvatica* (rare)
- Brown-backed needletail, *Hirundapus giganteus* (rare)
- Asian palm swift, *Cypsiurus balasiensis*
- Alpine swift, *Tachymarptis melba*
- Blyth\'s swift, *Apus leuconyx* (mainly Bandipur NP, records in Bengaluru only at JB Kaval forest)
- House swift, *Apus affinis*
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# List of birds of Bengaluru
## Coraciiformes
### Family: Coraciidae {#family_coraciidae}
- Indian roller, *Coracias benghalensis*
- European roller, *Coracias garrulus* (records from Hesaraghatta and Maidenahalli region, passage)
### Family: Alcedinidae {#family_alcedinidae}
- Oriental dwarf kingfisher, *Ceyx erithaca* (vagrant reported from Horamavu in 2017)
- Common kingfisher, *Alcedo atthis*
- Stork-billed kingfisher, *Halcyon capensis* (vagrant except in the Kaveri river valley area)
- White-throated kingfisher, *Halcyon smyrnensis* (breeding resident)
- Black-capped kingfisher, *Halcyon pileata* (vagrant)
- Pied kingfisher, *Ceryle rudis*
### Family: Meropidae {#family_meropidae}
- Blue-bearded bee-eater, *Nyctyornis athertoni* (Bengaluru is the type locality, but rare and known only from the Bannerghatta area)
- Asian green bee-eater, *Merops orientalis*
- Blue-tailed bee-eater, *Merops philippinus*
- European bee-eater, *Merops apiaster* (high numbers come as passage migrants in the Kaveri Valley during winter)
- Chestnut-headed bee-eater, *Merops leschenaulti* (vagrant)
## Bucerotiformes
### Family: Upupidae {#family_upupidae}
- Hoopoe, *Upupa epops*
### Family: Bucerotidae {#family_bucerotidae}
- Indian grey hornbill, *Ocyceros birostris*
## Piciformes
### Family: Picidae {#family_picidae}
- Eurasian wryneck, *Jynx torquilla* (rare with records from GKVK and the Valley School area)
- Brown-capped pygmy woodpecker, *Yungipicus nanus*
- Yellow-crowned woodpecker, *Leiopicus mahrattensis*
- Rufous woodpecker, *Micropternus brachyurus* (rare, recorded mainly from Bannerghatta and Kaveri Valley)
- Lesser yellownape, *Picus chlorolophus* (one recent record from Nandi Hills, could be found in Cauvery WLS)
- Streak-throated woodpecker, *Picus xanthopygaeus* (found mainly in Bannerghatta forest)
- Black-rumped flameback, *Dinopium benghalense*
- White-naped woodpecker, *Chrysocolaptes festivus*
### Family: Megalaimidae {#family_megalaimidae}
- Brown-headed barbet, *Psilopogon zeylanicus* (rare)
- White-cheeked barbet, *Psilopogon viridis* (breeding resident)
- Coppersmith barbet, *Psilopogon haemacephalus* (breeding resident)
## Passeriformes
### Family: Pittidae {#family_pittidae}
- Indian pitta, *Pitta brachyura*
### Family: Tephrodornithidae {#family_tephrodornithidae}
- Common woodshrike, *Tephrodornis pondicerianus*
### Family: Artamidae {#family_artamidae}
- Ashy woodswallow, *Artamus fuscus*
### Family: Aegithinidae {#family_aegithinidae}
- Common iora, *Aegithina tiphia*
- Marshall\'s iora, *Aegithina nigrolutea* (nearest records from Maidenahalli and Kaveri Valley)
### Family: Campephagidae {#family_campephagidae}
- Large cuckoo-shrike, *Coracina macei*
- Black-winged cuckoo-shrike, *Lalage melaschistos* (records only from IISc campus and Nandi Hills)
- Black-headed cuckoo-shrike, *Lalage melanoptera*
- Small minivet, *Pericrocotus cinnamomeus*
- White-bellied minivet, *Pericrocotus erythropygius* (one recent record in Kaveri valley)
- Ashy minivet, *Pericrocotus divaricatus*
- Swinhoe\'s minivet, *Pericrocotus cantonensis* (vagrant, one straggler seen along with Ashy minivet at GKVK)
### Family: Laniidae {#family_laniidae}
- Brown shrike, *Lanius cristatus* (regular winter visitor)
- *Lanius cristatus lucionensis* (rare)
- Isabelline shrike, *Lanius isabellinus* (rare. Photo record 7 December 2008)
- Bay-backed shrike, *Lanius vittatus*
- Long-tailed shrike, *Lanius schach*
- Great grey shrike, *Lanius excubitor* (rare, reported mainly from Maidenahalli)
### Family: Oriolidae {#family_oriolidae}
- Indian golden oriole, *Oriolus kundoo*
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- Black-naped oriole, *Oriolus chinensis* (not rare, but doesn\'t winter as profusely as Indian golden)
- Black-hooded oriole, *Oriolus xanthornus*
### Family: Dicruridae {#family_dicruridae}
- Black drongo, *Dicrurus macrocercus*
- Ashy drongo, *Dicrurus leucophaeus*
- Bronzed drongo, *Dicrurus aeneus* (records from Bannerghatta forest and Pearl Valley region)
- Greater racket-tailed drongo, *Dicrurus paradiseus* (records from Bannerghatta region)
- White-bellied drongo, *Dicrurus caerulescens*
- Hair-crested drongo, *Dicrurus hottentottus*
### Family: Rhipiduridae {#family_rhipiduridae}
- White-spotted fantail, *Rhipidura albogularis*
- White-browed fantail, *Rhipidura aureola*
### Family: Monarchidae {#family_monarchidae}
- Black-naped monarch, *Hypothymis azurea*
- Indian paradise flycatcher, *Terpsiphone paradisi*
### Family: Corvidae {#family_corvidae}
- Rufous treepie, *Dendrocitta vagabunda*
- White-bellied treepie, *Dendrocitta leucogastra* (historic, possibly in error)
- House crow, *Corvus splendens*
- Indian jungle crow, *Corvus macrorhynchos culminatus*
### Family: Stenostiridae {#family_stenostiridae}
- Grey-headed canary flycatcher, *Culicicapa ceylonensis* (historic records, only recent records from Bannerghatta National Park and Indian Institute of Science)
### Family: Paridae {#family_paridae}
- Cinereous tit, *Parus cinereus*
- White-winged tit, *Parus nuchalis* (historic record from Bengaluru, more recent records only from the Kaveri valley)
- Indian black-lored tit, *Machlolophus aplonotus* (historic)
### Family: Alaudidae {#family_alaudidae}
- Singing bushlark, *Mirafra cantillans* (possibly misidentified. Records known from near Mysore and Jayamangali Black Buck Reserve)
- Indian bushlark, *Mirafra erythroptera*
- Jerdon\'s bushlark, *Mirafra affinis*
- Ashy-crowned sparrow-lark, *Eremopterix griseus*
- Rufous-tailed lark, *Ammomanes phoenicura*
- Greater short-toed lark, *Calandrella brachydactyla*
- Mongolian short-toed lark, *Calandrella dukhunensis* (high numbers still winter at Hesaraghatta)
- Sykes\'s lark, *Galerida deva* (known only from the Thippagondanahalli Reservoir area and Hesaraghatta)
- Oriental skylark, *Alauda gulgula*
### Family: Pycnonotidae {#family_pycnonotidae}
- Red-whiskered bulbul, *Pycnonotus jocosus* (earliest published record of four specimens of this bird from Bengaluru was collected by HG Walton between 15 and 20 January 1899 said to be in Bombay Natural History Society collection. This bird was once considered rare around Bengaluru but quite common in Nandi Hills.)
- White-eared bulbul, *Pycnonotus leucotis* (possible escapee)
- Red-vented bulbul, *Pycnonotus cafer*
- Yellow-throated bulbul, *Pycnonotus xantholaemus*
- White-browed bulbul, *Pycnonotus luteolus*
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# List of birds of Bengaluru
## Passeriformes
### Family: Hirundinidae {#family_hirundinidae}
- Sand martin/Pale martin, *Riparia riparia*/*Riparia diluta* (vagrant)
- Grey-throated martin, *Riparia chinensis*
- Dusky crag martin, *Ptyonoprogne concolor*
- Common house-martin, *Delichon urbicum* (rare with very few records, usually seen amongst mixed flocks)
- Barn swallow, *Hirundo rustica*
- Pacific swallow, *Hirundo tahitica*
- Wire-tailed swallow, *Hirundo smithii*
- Red-rumped swallow, *Cecropis daurica*
- Streak-throated swallow, *Hirundo fluvicola*
### Family: Phylloscopidae {#family_phylloscopidae}
- Tickell\'s leaf warbler, *Phylloscopus affinis*
- Sulphur-bellied warbler, *Phylloscopus griseolus*
- Yellow-browed warbler, *Phylloscopus inornatus* (rare, recent records from Lalbagh and Bannerghatta regions)
- Hume\'s leaf warbler, *Phylloscopus humei* (Nandi Hills)
- Tytler\'s leaf warbler, *Phylloscopus tytleri* (Nandi Hills)
- Common chiffchaff, *Phylloscopus collybita* (historic, rare vagrant at Nandi Hills)
- Green warbler, *Phylloscopus nitidus*
- Greenish warbler, *Phylloscopus trochiloides*
- Large-billed leaf warbler, *Phylloscopus magnirostris*
- Western crowned warbler, *Phylloscopus occipitalis*
### Family: Acrocephalidae {#family_acrocephalidae}
- Paddyfield warbler, *Acrocephalus agricola*
- Blyth\'s reed warbler, *Acrocephalus dumetorum*
- Clamorous reed warbler, *Acrocephalus stentoreus*
- Thick-billed warbler, *Arundinax aedon*
- Sykes\'s warbler, *Iduna rama*
- Booted warbler, *Iduna caligata*
### Family: Cisticolidae {#family_cisticolidae}
- Zitting cisticola, *Cisticola juncidis*
- Grey-breasted prinia, *Prinia hodgsonii*
- Jungle prinia, *Prinia sylvatica*
- Ashy prinia, *Prinia socialis*
- Plain prinia, *Prinia inornata*
- Rufous-fronted prinia, *Prinia buchanani* (nearest records from Maidenahalli)
- Common tailorbird, *Orthotomus sutorius*
### Family: Locustellidae {#family_locustellidae}
- Common grasshopper warbler, *Locustella naevia* (rare, sparse records around Bengaluru)
- Pallas grasshopper warbler, *Helopsaltes certhiola* (rare, one recent record from Anekal region)
- Bristled grassbird, *Chaetornis striata* (one record from Hoskote Lake)
### Family: Pellorneidae {#family_pellorneidae}
- Puff-throated babbler, *Pellorneum ruficeps*
### Family: Timaliidae {#family_timaliidae}
- Indian scimitar babbler, *Pomatorhinus horsfieldii*
- Tawny-bellied babbler, *Dumetia hyperythra*
### Family: Leiothrichidae {#family_leiothrichidae}
- Common babbler, *Argya caudata*
- Large grey babbler, *Argya malcolmi*
- Rufous babbler, *Argya subrufa* (escaped individual seen near Cubbon Park)
- Jungle babbler, *Argya striata*
- Yellow-billed babbler, *Argya affinis*
- Brown-cheeked fulvetta, *Alcippe poioicephala* (one recent record from Bannerghatta Forest-Shivanahalli region)
### Family: Sittidae {#family_sittidae}
- Velvet-fronted nuthatch, *Sitta frontalis* (one recent record from Valley School)
### Family: Sylviidae {#family_sylviidae}
- Eastern Orphean warbler, *Sylvia crassirostris*
- Lesser whitethroat, *Sylvia curruca* (populations not ascertained reliably)
- Hume\'s lesser whitethroat, *S. c. althaea* (taxonomy dependant)
- Yellow-eyed babbler, *Chrysomma sinense*
### Family: Zosteropidae {#family_zosteropidae}
- Indian white-eye, *Zosterops palpebrosus*
### Family: Sturnidae {#family_sturnidae}
- Chestnut-tailed starling, *Sturnia malabarica* (winter visitor)
- Malabar starling, *Sturnia blythii* (vagrant, historic record from GKVK campus)
- Brahminy starling, *Sturnia pagodarum* (resident)
- Rosy starling, *Pastor roseus* (winter visitor)
- Common starling, *Sturnus vulgaris* (vagrant)
- Common myna, *Acridotheres tristis* (resident)
- Jungle myna, *Acridotheres fuscus* (resident)
### Family: Turdidae {#family_turdidae}
- Pied thrush, *Geokichla wardii* (winter visitor, regular only in the Nandi hills)
- White-throated orange-headed thrush, *Geokichla citrina cyanota*
- Scaly thrush, *Zoothera dauma* (historic)
- Tickell\'s thrush, *Turdus unicolor* (once in 2005 at Lalbagh, records popping up elsewhere)
- Indian blackbird, *Turdus simillimus* (winter, regular only in the Nandi hills. Older records of common blackbird, *Turdus merula*, may be attributed to this species)
- Eyebrowed thrush, *Turdus obscurus* (vagrant)
### Family: Muscicapidae {#family_muscicapidae}
- Northern wheatear, *Oenanthe oenanthe* (one recent record from Jayamangali Blackbuck Reserve, a first for Karnataka)
- Blue-capped rock thrush, *Monticola cinclorhyncha* (winter visitor)
- Blue rock thrush, *Monticola solitarius* (winter visitor in rocky areas)
- Common rock thrush, *Monticola saxatilis* (vagrant)
- Malabar whistling thrush, *Myophonus horsfieldii* (vagrant at UAS, Hebbal. From 2005 found in the Nandi Hills)
- Bluethroat, *Luscinia svecica*
- Indian blue robin, *Luscinia brunnea* (winter, regular in the Nandi hills)
- Siberian rubythroat, *Calliope calliope* (nearest record from Maidenahalli and the Savandurga area)
- Oriental magpie robin, *Copsychus saularis* (resident breeder)
- White-rumped shama, *Copsychus malabaricus* (rare resident, known only from the JP Nagar Reserve Forest (Doresanipalya), Bannerghatta forest area, Valley School areas and further away in the Kaveri valley)
- Indian robin, *Saxicoloides fulicatus* (resident, found in open scrub in the outskirts)
- Black redstart, *Phoenicurus ochruros* (winter)
- Siberian stonechat, *Saxicola maurus* (winter)
- Pied bush chat, *Saxicola caprata* (resident, found in open scrub in the outskirts)
- Asian brown flycatcher, *Muscicapa dauurica* (winter)
- Brown-breasted flycatcher, *Muscicapa muttui* (winter)
- Yellow-rumped flycatcher, *Ficedula zanthopygia* (winter, vagrant)
- Rusty-tailed flycatcher, *Ficedula ruficauda* (winter, rare)
- Red-breasted flycatcher, *Ficedula parva* (winter)
- Red-throated flycatcher, *Ficedula albicilla* (winter)
- Kashmir flycatcher, *Ficedula subrubra* (rare, passage)
- Ultramarine flycatcher, *Ficedula superciliaris* (winter, regular in the Nandi hills)
- Black-and-orange flycatcher, *Ficedula nigrorufa* (vagrant -- two records
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# Western Springs AFC
**Western Springs AFC** is an association football club in Westmere, Auckland. Western Springs AFC is one of New Zealand\'s largest clubs. Both the Senior Women\'s and Senior Men\'s teams currently play in the Northern League.
The Western Springs\' home ground is at Seddon Field on Meola Road in Westmere and also play home games at Cox\'s Bay, Walker Park and Eastdale Reserve.
## History
The current club was formed in 1989, but its history stretches back to 1924 and the foundation of Comrades FC. This team amalgamated with Grey Lynn FC in 1952, briefly becoming Grey Lynn Comrades United, before renaming to Grey Lynn United in 1954. In 1986 this team combined with the New Zealand branch of the Celtic Supporters Club to form Grey Lynn Celtic. It was this team which combined with Point Chevalier AFC (founded 1949) to become Western Springs Association Football Club in 1989.
## Controversies
In May 2023, the women\'s team had a game postponed and played several games in kits with no logos due to ongoing disputes with the club. Players said they felt \"completely disrespected\" by the \"highly misogynistic behaviour\" of the predominantly male board.
The women\'s team decided not to play their match on 19 May in solidarity with their former manager Ryan Faithful who was sacked a week earlier. Faithful had supposedly stood with the players in their fight for equality. Players said they were constantly pushed to the side to accommodate the men\'s team. The women\'s team were also unhappy with the men getting paid up to 8 times the women\'s team and having double the funding despite not qualifying for the national league like their female counterparts. Football Fern Claudia Bunge said it was \"sad to see the lack of support they\'re getting\" and that in the lead up to a FIFA Women\'s World Cup, \"it\'s not good enough\". Bunge said \"clubs need to be doing more.\"
As part of the women\'s teams frustrations with the club, the players were unhappy with the \"phallic like\" logo requesting it to be replaced. The New Zealand Herald states an artist was called in to refresh the logo. Jim Jacobs, the designer of the original logo, said he was surprised to hear the claims of the \"phallic like\" logo, which was based on Tottenham Hotspur\'s logo.
Reports by the New Zealand Herald state targets were set by the club in December 2022 after receiving \$461,755 for upgrades as a 2023 FIFA Women\'s World Cup training base. This includes females having equal access to facilities and support from the club. The club also set out to have \"equal representation of genders in imagery used by the club\".
Independent mediators were called in to help settle an agreement between the club and the women\'s first starting on 30 May. In June 2023 an agreement was reached between the women\'s first team and the club. The club agreed to increasing the women\'s team expenses to match the men\'s expenses, recruit a new head of girl\'s and women\'s football, while also engaging an independent advisor to develop the club\'s programme development strategy. Western Springs also agreed a commitment to \"equality, diversity and player representation on club committees\". Players were \"relieved\" and \"proud\" to have reached an agreement with the club.
## Current coaches {#current_coaches}
Men\'s Head Coach: Scott Hales
Women\'s Head Coach: Maia Vink
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# Western Springs AFC
## Current squad {#current_squad}
`{{Fs start}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=NZL|pos=|name=Danyon Drake}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=NZL|pos=|name=Elliot Munford}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=NZL|pos=|name=Liam Gilbert}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=NZL|pos=|name=Joe Wallis}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=NZL|pos=|name=Niko Steinmetz}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=FIJ|pos=|name=[[Samuela Kautoga]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=SAM|pos=|name=[[Faitalia Hamilton-Pama]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=ETH|pos=|name=Amanuel Molla}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=NZL|pos=|name=Bradley Thomas}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=NZL|pos=|name=Finn Cochran}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=NZL|pos=|name=Theo McIntosh}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=NZL|pos=|name=Dean Lausev}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=NZL|pos=|name=Dane Schnell}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs mid}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=ESP|pos=|name=[[Gerard Garriga]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=NZL|pos=|name=Harrison Freeman}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=NZL|pos=|name=Josh Margetts}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=NZL|pos=|name=Roderick Lockhart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=NZL|pos=|name=Oscar Browne}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=JPN|pos=|name=Kenta Nakashima}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=ENG|pos=|name=Dawson Straffon}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=NZL|pos=|name=Zac Zoricich}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=NZL|pos=|name=Wade Molony}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=NZL|pos=|name=Aiden Iqbal}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=NZL|pos=|name=[[Kayne Vincent]]}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=NZL|pos=|name=Sam Margetts}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs player|other=|no= |nat=NZL|pos=|name=Kaea Rangihaeata}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Fs end}}`{=mediawiki}
## Past and Present day internationals {#past_and_present_day_internationals}
Women\'s senior internationals include Football Ferns:
- Rosie White
- Maia Jackman
- Rebecca O\'Neill
- Priscilla Duncan
- Abby Erceg
- Daisy Cleverley
- Sarah Morton
- Elizabeth Anton
- Nadia Olla
Men\'s senior internationals include All Whites:
- Myer Bevan
- Sam Brotherton
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# Lapis alectorius
A **lapis alectorius**, **alectoria**, **alectorius**, **cock stone** or **capon stone** is a non-precious stone found in the gizzard of capons (young, castrated roosters). In magic it is believed to be an amulet, granting the wearer a heightened sense of courage and boldness. These properties are unproven according to modern science
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# Ditty
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Ditty
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# Portland Chinooks
The **Portland Chinooks** was a professional men\'s basketball team based out of Portland, Oregon. They were charter members of the International Basketball League and began play in the league in 2004. The team was owned by local businessman Terry Emmert. They played their home games at various locations since their inception, including the Peter Stott Center, the Rose Garden, and at Eastmoreland Courts in southeast Portland. The team colors of red and black were shared with their predecessors from the NBA, the Portland Trail Blazers.
Emmert, who bought the team due in part to his problems with the ABA\'s Portland Reign, did not escape problems with the Chinooks in his attempt to bring minor league hoops to Portland. His choice to have home games played at Portland\'s Eastmoreland Racquet Club created a furor among members, and forced the Chinooks to find a new venue for the team\'s second season (this decision was also influenced by the need for a larger venue).
The team was a strong success on the court, going 14--8 to grab third in the west. Lincoln Smith (24.1 ppg) and Kenny Tate (21.8 ppg) made the league\'s top 25 in scoring.
For 2006, the team reportedly pursued several venues, and played their home opener at the Rose Garden on March 12. The team\'s scheduled venue for the 2014 season was the Eastmoreland Courts.
## Oregon Waves {#oregon_waves}
The **Oregon Waves** was a team of the International Basketball League set to begin play for the 2009 season. Based in Beaverton, the Waves play at the Beaverton Hoop YMCA. The Waves are the second IBL franchise in the Portland metropolitan area after the folding of the charter IBL franchise Portland Chinooks
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# Mg (text editor)
**mg**, originally called **MicroGnuEmacs** (and later changed at the request of Richard Stallman), is a public-domain text editor that runs on Unix-like operating systems. It is based on MicroEMACS, but intended to more closely resemble GNU Emacs while still maintaining a small memory footprint and fast speed. An expanded version of the original is included as part of OpenBSD, where it is maintained, and snapshots of the OpenBSD version are available in the native package management trees of many other systems, including MacPorts, FreeBSD Ports, pkgsrc and Debian.
## History
- Nov 16, 1986: First release to mod.sources, according to the README
- Mar 3, 1987: First release (mg1a) via comp.sources.unix
- May 26, 1988: Second release: (mg2a) via comp.sources.misc
- Jan 26, 1992: Linux port released by Charles Hedrick. This version later makes its way onto tsx-11, Infomagic, and various other Linux repositories
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# Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry
***Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry*** is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of organic chemistry, including organic aspects of chemical biology, medicinal chemistry, natural product chemistry, supramolecular chemistry, macromolecular chemistry, theoretical chemistry, and catalysis. It is published by the Royal Society of Chemistry. Its predecessor journals were *Perkin Transactions I* and *Perkin Transactions II*. The Executive Editor is Richard Kelly.
## Abstracting and indexing {#abstracting_and_indexing}
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
- Chemical Abstracts Service
- Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed
- Science Citation Index
- Current Contents/Life Sciences
- Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences
- Scopus
According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 3.890
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# Voiced palatal lateral flap
The **voiced palatal lateral flap** is a rare type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. There is no dedicated symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound. However, the symbol for a palatal lateral approximant with a breve denoting extra-short `{{angbr IPA|ʎ̆}}`{=mediawiki} may be used.
## Features
Features of the voiced palatal lateral flap:
## Occurrence
The Iwaidja and Ilgar languages of Australia have a palatal lateral flap as well as alveolar and retroflex lateral flaps. However, the palatal flap has not been shown to be phonemic; it may instead be an underlying sequence `{{IPA|/ɺj/}}`{=mediawiki}.
Language IPA Word Meaning Notes
---------- ----- ------------ -------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ilgar Likely an underlying sequence of `{{IPA|/ɺj/}}`{=mediawiki}. Contrasts `{{IPA|/l, ɺ, ɭ, 𝼈 /}}`{=mediawiki}.
Iwaidja Contrasts `{{IPA|/l, ɺ, ɭ, 𝼈 /}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{IPA|[ʎ, ʎ̆]}}`{=mediawiki}, though phonemically the latter are likely to be sequences `{{IPA|/lj, ɺj/}}`{=mediawiki}.
Oʼodham **l**eʼeje brat (misbehaving child) Described as a palatal lateral flap in recent sources, as retroflex in older sources
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# Ian Fairweather
**Ian Fairweather** (29 September 1891`{{spaced ndash}}`{=mediawiki}20 May 1974) was a Scottish painter resident in Australia for much of his life. He combined Western and Asian influences in his work.
## Life
Ian Fairweather was born in Bridge of Allan, Stirlingshire, Scotland in 1891. His parents returned to India when he was a baby, leaving him in the care of a great-aunt, and he did not see them again until he was 10 years old. He received early schooling at Victoria College in Jersey, in London, and in Champéry, Switzerland, before attending officer training school at Belfast where his rank was second lieutenant.
He was captured by the Germans in the first days of World War I in France at the Battle of Mons and spent the next four years in prisoner-of-war camps. While captured, he was permitted to study drawing, Chinese and Japanese. He was responsible for the illustrations in many POW magazines. His four-year incarceration included lengthy periods of solitary confinement as a result of repeated escape attempts.
After the war he studied art in the Netherlands, London and Munich. In 1918, he studied at the Royal Academy of Art in The Hague, and then privately with Johan Hendrik van Mastenbroek. In 1921 he attended the School of Oriental Studies studying Japanese and between 1920 and 1924 he attended the prestigious Slade School of Fine Art in London. From this time on he began a wandering existence travelling to Canada, Shanghai, Bali, Colombo and Australia. Wherever he was, he painted, and mailed paintings to galleries, initially with little commercial success. In 1934, in Melbourne, he joined artists Lina Bryans, Ada Plante, William (Jock) Frater, Ambrose Hallen and others at Darebin Bridge House, a converted coach-house at Darebin owned by Bryans. He began a mural for the Menzies Hotel at this time.
Later that year he left Australia via Sydney and Brisbane for the Philippines. He then travelled to many places including Shanghai, Peking, Manila, Brisbane, Singapore and Calcutta. He served with the British Army, 5th Mahratta Light Infantry with the rank of captain in India from 1941 to 1943. Discharged from the army in 1943, he travelled to Australia and visited Melbourne Cairns, Cooktown, and Brisbane before eventually settling into a studio back at Darebin in Melbourne.
By this time his paintings had become widely known and had already been acquired by the Contemporary Art Society, London, the Tate and Leicester City Gallery.
After moving back to Cairns and Townsville, in 1951 he moved to Darwin where, after living in abandoned trucks and boats, and probably suffering from depression, he built a raft and embarked on a solo voyage into the open sea. Thought by the Australians to have perished after searches were unsuccessful, he survived and beached on Rote Island in Indonesia. Discovered by Indonesian authorities, he was imprisoned and eventually deported. He travelled to London via Singapore and returned to Brisbane in 1953, aged 62. He built a hut on Bribie Island in Queensland, where he lived for the rest of his life except for visits to India and London during the 1960s.
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# Ian Fairweather
## Works
One of his paintings, *Monastery*, acquired by the National Gallery of Australia, was described by critics at the time as a masterpiece. It was singled out by fellow Australian artist James Gleeson, who said, \"He has fashioned an extraordinarily fascinating hybrid from the pictorial traditions of Europe and the calligraphy of China\...\" (*The Sydney Morning Herald*, 14 June 1961)
He is one of the few European painters to have drawn extensively from Oceanian art. His style has been described as \"a paragon of sophisticated clumsiness\". He often used the cheapest materials such as cardboard or newspaper and poor quality paints, and many of his works were lost or became damaged by the tropical climate in which he lived.
Fairweather\'s work was included in the exhibition \"Australian Painting Today\" at the Tate Gallery, London, and in the same year`{{when|date=December 2024}}`{=mediawiki} was selected to represent Australia at the São Paulo Art Biennial.
He is represented in all state galleries in Australia, the Tate Gallery, London, City Gallery, Leicester, and the Ulster Museum, Belfast. The only exhibition of his own works he ever saw was a 1964 retrospective at the Queensland Art Gallery.
In 1965 Fairweather published *The Drunken Buddha* which he had translated from the Chinese and illustrated with twelve of his paintings. It is a novel based on the life of Tao Chi whose eccentric approach to religious teaching was in accordance with an ancient and respected Chinese tradition of how a sage should behave.
Australian writer Murray Bail has written the monograph *Fairweather* (1981; revised edition 2009).
*Ian Fairweather: A Life in Letters* by Claire Roberts and John Thompson was published in October 2019 by Text Publishing.
In April 2019, Fairweather\'s painting *Barbecue* sold for \$1.7 million.
QAGOMA (Queensland Art Gallery and Gallery of Modern Art) held the exhibition \"Birds of Passage\" from 2024 until January 2026, juxtaposing Fairweather with Paul Jacoulet
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# Frank Hayes (cricketer)
Frank Hayes}} `{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Frank Hayes
| image =
| country = England
| fullname = Frank Charles Hayes
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1946|12|6|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Preston, Lancashire]], England
| role = [[Batsman (cricket)|Batsman]]
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm medium
| international = true
| testdebutdate = 26 July
| testdebutyear = 1973
| testdebutagainst = West Indies
| testcap = 458
| lasttestdate = 27 July
| lasttestyear = 1976
| lasttestagainst = West Indies
| odidebutdate = 18 July
| odidebutyear = 1973
| odidebutagainst = New Zealand
| odicap = 18
| lastodidate = 18 June
| lastodiyear = 1978
| lastodiagainst = Australia
| club1 = [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|1970–1984}}
| columns = 4
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| matches1 = 9
| runs1 = 244
| bat avg1 = 15.25
| 100s/50s1 = 1/0
| top score1 = 106[[not out|*]]
| hidedeliveries = true
| catches/stumpings1 = 7/–
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| matches2 = 6
| runs2 = 128
| bat avg2 = 25.60
| 100s/50s2 = 0/1
| top score2 = 52
| catches/stumpings2 = 0/–
| column3 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches3 = 272
| runs3 = 13,018
| bat avg3 = 35.86
| 100s/50s3 = 23/67
| top score3 = 187
| catches/stumpings3 = 176/–
| column4 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches4 = 232
| runs4 = 4,857
| bat avg4 = 25.97
| 100s/50s4 = 1/24
| top score4 = 102
| catches/stumpings4 = 57/–
| date = 27 December
| year = 2008
| source = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1414/1414.html CricketArchive
}}`{=mediawiki} **Frank Charles Hayes** (born 6 December 1946) is a former English cricketer, who played in nine Test matches and six One Day Internationals from 1973 to 1976. He made an unbeaten 106 in his first Test appearance, becoming the thirteenth man to score a century on debut for England, but in eight further Tests (all against the West Indies) his highest score was a mere 29.
For Lancashire he had more success. He made 94 on his first-class debut in the 1970 season, seven years later hit Malcolm Nash for 34 runs in an over (6-4-6-6-6-6) and captained the Lancashire side from 1978 to 1980. He retired in 1984.
Hayes was later director of cricket at Oakham School
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# Paperboy (rapper)
**Mitchell Charles Johnson** (born October 2, 1969) better known by his stage name **Paperboy**, is an American rapper. He is best known for his single \"Ditty\" which charted at #10 on the Hot 100 in 1993.
Johnson was born in San Diego, California, and later moved to Oakland.
## Career
Paperboy\'s associated acts were R. Kelly, Eazy-E, and Rhythm D. His most acclaimed album was his 1993 debut, *The Nine Yards*, which was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).
The album featured 10 tracks with G-Funk influenced production from Rhythm D, who was known for producing for artists on Ruthless Records such as Eazy-E, B.G. Knocc Out, and Dresta. Its single \"Ditty\" is Paperboy\'s most successful single. Paperboy\'s second album, *City to City*, was released in 1996
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# Shikarpur, Muzaffarnagar
**Shikarpur** is a town in Muzaffarnagar District, Uttar Pradesh, India, on the right bank of the Hindon River, with a railway station, 30 km south east of the district capital Muzaffarnagar
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# Mike Hendrick
**Michael Hendrick** (22 October 1948 -- 26 July 2021) was an English cricketer, who played in thirty Tests and twenty-two One Day Internationals for England from 1973 to 1981. He played for Derbyshire from 1969 to 1981, and for Nottinghamshire from 1982 to 1984. He was a part of the English squad which finished as runners-up at the 1979 Cricket World Cup.
Cricket correspondent Colin Bateman remarked, \"Hendrick was a lively fast-medium seam bowler who could produce plenty of bounce to trouble county batsmen. His 770 first-class wickets came at an impressive cost of just 20 apiece\". Bateman added, \"\...he loved to pin batsmen down with his accuracy and force errors, and to do so he bowled negatively and slightly short -- too short to take wickets consistently at the top level\".
## Early life {#early_life}
Hendrick was born in Darley Dale, Derbyshire, on 22 October 1948. He attended St Mary's Grammar School in Darlington. He first played for Leicestershire Juniors in 1965 and progressed to the Second XI in 1966, playing regularly over the next three years. However, he was ultimately released by the county. Hendrick later made his first-class debut for Derbyshire in June 1969 against Oxford University, when he took a wicket in each innings but did not have a chance to bat. He played one County Championship match in the season, and also took part in the Player\'s County League.
## Career
Hendrick played five first-class games in 1970. From 1971, he became a more regular first team player, and in 1973 played in a One Day International against the West Indies. He was Cricket Writers\' Club Young Cricketer of the Year in 1973. One year later, Hendrick played in three Test matches against India and two against Pakistan.
In the winter of 1974/75, Hendrick toured with the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) to Australia and New Zealand, playing in three Test matches. He played for England in two matches against the West Indies in 1976 and, in 1977, played in the third, fourth and fifth Test against the Australians. In February 1978, he played one match against New Zealand in New Zealand, and later in the summer played two Test matches against the New Zealanders in England. He was a *Wisden* Cricketer of the Year in 1978. He toured Australia in the winter of 1978/79, and played in five Ashes Test matches, taking nineteen wickets in the series. In the summer of 1979, he played for England against India in four matches and, in 1980, against the West Indies and a single match against Australia. He played his last Test matches against Australia in 1981, and in the same season, helped Derbyshire win the National Westminster Bank Trophy. He left Derbyshire at the end of the season, and moved to Nottinghamshire, where he played until 1984. He also elected to go on the first rebel tour to South Africa in 1981--82, which incurred a three-year ban from Test cricket and effectively ended his international participation.
Hendrick lacked express pace but was hazardous on a green wicket, as his command of seam bowling was considered to be excellent. He could make the ball do \"disappearing acts\" on cloudy days, but he came to \"curse clear skies and sunshine\".`{{page needed|date=July 2021}}`{=mediawiki} Dennis Lillee once described him as a good bowler in the \"right conditions\". His best Test bowling figures of 4--28 came against India in 1974. He holds the record for taking the highest number of wickets in Test cricket amongst bowlers without having a five wicket haul in a Test innings.
## Later life {#later_life}
After retiring from playing, Hendrick was popular on the after-dinner speech circuit, in the radio commentary box, and in a short spell as an umpire. He became the coach at Trent Bridge in 1992. He was appointed as the Ireland cricket team\'s first full-time head coach in 1995. His tenure included victories at the European Cricket Championship and British Isles Championship in 1996, and a defeat to Scotland in the third-place play-off at the 1997 ICC Trophy which saw Ireland narrowly miss out on its first Cricket World Cup berth. His contract was terminated in 1999 but he returned to Ireland as bowling coach at the 2007 Cricket World Cup.
Hendrick was diagnosed with bowel cancer in 2019. In an interview two years later on the 40th anniversary of the 1981 Ashes series, he said that he was \"in the departure lounge, but the flight has not quite left yet\". He died on 27 July 2021, at age 72
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# Therapeutic effect
**Therapeutic effect** refers to the response(s) after a treatment of any kind, the results of which are judged to be useful or favorable.`{{R|"Merriam"}}`{=mediawiki}`{{R|"Kramer2003"}}`{=mediawiki}`{{R|"Pharmaco"}}`{=mediawiki} This is true whether the result was expected, unexpected, or even an unintended consequence. An adverse effect (including nocebo) is the converse and refers to harmful or undesired response(s). What constitutes a therapeutic effect versus a side effect is a matter of both the nature of the situation and the goals of treatment. No inherent difference separates therapeutic and undesired side effects; both responses are behavioral/physiologic changes that occur as a response to the treatment strategy or agent. `{{R|"Kramer2003"}}`{=mediawiki}
## Treatment scope {#treatment_scope}
To maximize therapeutic effects (desired) and minimize side effects (undesired) requires recognition and quantification of the treatment in multiple dimensions. In the specific case of targeted pharmaceutical interventions, a combination of therapies is often needed to achieve the desired results.`{{R|"Fitzgerald2006"}}`{=mediawiki}
## Pharmacology examples {#pharmacology_examples}
- A 2015 review found that aloe vera exhibits therapeutic antioxidant, antimicrobial, immune boosting, antitumor, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, wound healing, and antidiabetic effects.`{{R|"Radha2015"}}`{=mediawiki}
- Also in 2015, a review found that probiotics were beneficial in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.`{{R|"Didari2015"}}`{=mediawiki}
- Again in 2015 another review found that Rituximab was therapeutic in the treatment of myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disorder.`{{R|"Iorio2015"}}`{=mediawiki}
- A 2016 review found that the adjunctive use of standardized pharmaceutical-grade nutrients, known as nutraceuticals, had a therapeutic effect in patients with depression.`{{R|"Sarris2016"}}`{=mediawiki}
- Also in 2016, a review found that despite limited data botulinum toxin type A may be beneficial for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia paroxysms and suggests further study.`{{R|"Morra2016"}}`{=mediawiki}
## Non-pharmacology examples {#non_pharmacology_examples}
- A 2014 review found there was a strong therapeutic benefit from stem cell therapy on organ recovery from injury and that it may also inhibit tumor growth.`{{R|"Akyurekli2014"}}`{=mediawiki}
- A 2015 review found that mindfulness based interventions had a therapeutic effect on stress reduction for mental illness.`{{R|"Strauss2015"}}`{=mediawiki}
- Also in 2015, a review showed that irradiation with low level laser therapy had the therapeutic effect of increasing in vitro stem cell proliferation rates.`{{R|"Ginani2015"}}`{=mediawiki}
- A 2017 review showed aerobic and resistance exercise had a therapeutic effect on the physical and mental well-being of cancer survivors.`{{R|"Fuller2017"}}`{=mediawiki}
- Also in 2017, a review found that low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave treatment was therapeutic in the treatment of erectile dysfunction
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# Salem Soldiers
The **Salem Soldiers** were a basketball team from Salem, Oregon that played in the International Basketball League from 2005 to 2007 and in 2012. Originally the **Salem Stampede**, they played home games in the Salem Armory, which seats 3,000 for basketball. In 2007 the team played home games in Salem\'s Douglas McKay High School. The team became the Soldiers in 2012 when they returned to the IBL, their final season, as the Salem Sabres entered the league the next year.
## Notable players {#notable_players}
Notable past and present players for the Stampede include:
- Eric Fiegi --- 2006 IBL scoring champion
- Antone Jarrell --- all-time IBL single game scorer for points in a game (68)
- Jeff Dunn --- two-time IBL All-Star
- Will Funn --- 2007 IBL assist leader (14.9 per game); also the single game IBL assist record holder (27)
- Mike Tabb --- 2007 ABA and IBL rebound champion
- Blake Walker --- averaged over 32 ppg in 2007
- Nick DeWitz --- averaged 20 points, 12 rebounds, 4 assists and 3 blocks per game in 2007
- Grayson \"The Professor\" Boucher of AND1 Mixtape Tour fame
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# House of Assembly of Dominica
The **House of Assembly** is the legislature of Dominica. It is established by Chapter III of the Constitution of Dominica, and together with the President of Dominica constitutes Dominica\'s Parliament. The House is unicameral, and consists of twenty-one Representatives, nine senators, and the Attorney General as an *ex officio* member. The Speaker of the House becomes the thirty-second member if chosen from outside the membership of the House.
Representatives are directly elected in single-member constituencies using the simple-majority (or first-past-the-post) system for a term of five years. The Representatives in turn decide whether the senators are to be elected by their vote, or appointed. If appointed, five are chosen by the president with the advice of the Prime Minister and four with the advice of the Leader of the Opposition. The current Senators are appointed.
The Cabinet of Dominica is appointed from members of the House of Assembly. However, no more than three senators may be members of the Cabinet.
## History
House of Assembly was established in 1968, and it was preceded by a colonial Legislative council.
## Representatives
Since the election held on 6 December 2022, the Dominica Labour Party holds 19 of the 21 directly elected seats, and independent candidates hold two elected seats. The new House of Assembly included a record ten women.
Constituency Representative Party Notes
----------------------------- ------------------------------------- ------- ----------------------------------------------------
Castle Bruce DrigoOctavia Alfred DLP
Colihaut Daren Pinard DLP
Cottage Roland Royer DLP
Grand Bay Vince Henderson DLP
La Plaine Cassandra WilliamsSaint-Jean DLP
Mahaut Cassanni Laville DLP
Marigot Anthony S. Charles IND
Morne Jaune/Riviere Cyrique StephensonGretta Bernadette Roberts DLP
Paix Bouche Lakeyia Joseph DLP
Petite Savanne Jullan Defoe DLP
Portsmouth Fenella Wenham DLP
Roseau Central Melissa Ponponne Skerrit DLP
Roseau North Miriam A. Blanchard DLP
Roseau South Chekirah N. Lockhart DLP
Roseau Valley Irving Francis McIntyre DLP
Salisbury Jesma Paul IND
Salybia Cozier Frederick, Cassius DLP
St. Joseph Darron T. Lloyd, Kelver DLP
Soufrière Charles, DeniseDenise Charles DLP Succeeded Ian Pinard in 2016 by-election.
Vieille Case SkerritRoosevelt Skerrit DLP Assumed position of Prime Minister 8 January 2004.
Wesley Fidel GrantFidel Grant DLP
## Senators
The Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition each get to appoint additional Senators, to join the elected Representatives. The following Senators are currently in office:
Senator Party Notes
------------------------- ------- ------------------------------------------------------------
Austelle Lockhart DLP Appointed with the advice of the Prime Minister.
Oscar George DLP Appointed with the advice of the Prime Minister.
Gregory Riviere DLP Appointed with the advice of the Prime Minister.
Phillip Rolle DLP Appointed with the advice of the Prime Minister.
Nicholas Esprit DLP Appointed with the advice of the Prime Minister.
Lori Victor UWP Appointed with the advice of the Leader of the Opposition.
Sean Douglas UWP Appointed with the advice of the Leader of the Opposition.
Delbert Paris UWP Appointed with the advice of the Leader of the Opposition.
Lorraine Henderson-Reid UWP Appointed with the advice of the Leader of the Opposition
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| 0 |
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# Stop Out Sports Club
**Stop Out Sports Club**, commonly known as **Stop Out**, is an association football club in Lower Hutt, New Zealand is based at Hutt Park, Moera in Lower Hutt.
## History
The Stop Out organisation started in 1919 with the aim of providing recreation to Te Aro Flat children in Wellington associated with the Wellington City Mission so as to prevent them becoming \"stop outs\" -- period slang for \"troubled youth\". The club has been involved in a myriad of sports, including Boxing, Athletics and Softball; however, these days football is the heart and soul of the club.
Despite the change of sporting-code focus, the club highly values the founding principles and continues to abide by them. The football branch, established in 1929 as the club **Moera Stop Out**, changed its name to *Stop Out* in 1932. The club won the Chatham Cup in 1956, and was runner-up in the National League in 1977. In 1983 and 1984 Stop Out won the Central League title.
In the 2006 season, club\'s men\'s first team played in Central League for the first time in over a decade however at the 2008 season the team was relegated again to the Capital Premier League. After promotion in 2014, they once again played in the Central League
In men\'s football Stop Out were the 2014 Capital Premier League champions, a title they also won in 2013.
The Women\'s first team has also won the Capital Premier Women\'s League in 2011 and again in 2013 as well as being runners-up in the Kelly Cup in 2015
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# Serving size
A **serving size** or **portion size** is the amount of a food or drink that is generally served.
A distinction is made between a portion size as determined by an external agent, such as a food manufacturer, chef, or restaurant, and a \"self selected portion size\" in which an individual has control over the portion in a meal or snack. Self-selected portion size is determined by several factors such as the palatability of a food and the extent to which it is expected to reduce hunger and to generate fullness.
## Measurement
Bulk products, such as sugar, generally have sizes in common units of measurement, such as the cup or tablespoon. Commonly divided products, such as pie or cake, have a serving size given in a fraction of the whole product (e.g. 1/8 cake). Products which are sliced beforehand or are bought in distinct, grouped units (e.g. olives), are listed in the approximate number of units corresponding to the reference amount. For example, if the reference amount for olives were 30 g, and one olive weighed 10 g, the serving size would probably be listed as \"3 olives\".
## Health effects {#health_effects}
In 2017, in the U.K. and Netherlands in particular, it was not clear if controlling the serving size (called \"portion control\") was an effective way to change the amount of food or drink that people consume. However evidence from a systematic review of 72 randomized controlled trials indicates that people consistently eat more food when offered larger portion, package, or tableware sizes rather than smaller size alternatives.
## United States {#united_states}
Serving sizes are found on both the Food Pyramid and its successor program MyPlate as well as nutrition labels, and has two related but differing meanings. The USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sets the standards for My Plate and related guidelines. The FDA defines the \"Reference Amounts Customarily Consumed\" (RACC) tables used by food manufacturers to determine the serving size on the Nutrition Facts Panel, and the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Services labels. Alcoholic beverages above 0.5% ABV are regulated by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) not the FDA and are allowed different serving sizes than FDA\'s RACC tables.
The nutrition facts label is designed to give consumers important nutritional information about a product and allow comparisons with other food. The serving size indicates the amount of food for which the nutrition information is shown. RACCs were established by regulation in 1993 in response to the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act and were based on how much food people typically eat, balanced with desired portion size. Ice cream is the classic example where the RACC is 1/2 cup, but people more often consume more.
From 1996 to 2016, there was an increase in the serving sizes of food. For example, in 2016 the average muffin in America is 130 grams, but 20 years before the serving size was 85 grams. Another example is the bagel, for which the diameter and calories have both doubled over the same 20 years. Other foods that have doubled in calories include American staples of spaghetti with meatballs and cheeseburgers. Furthermore, a serving of French fries and a can of soda tripled their calories and serving size. Between 1960 and 2000, the size of bagels and muffins doubled. As food portions increased over time, \"unit bias\" has also increased. This means that people think that a portion size equals one serving size of a food or meal. This idea of \"unit bias\" is important in restaurants because customers often think that what they are being served is one serving of a food group or meal, but it may be way more than originally thought.
The United States FDA recommends in their \"2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines\" that an American adult eating 2,000 calories a day should be consuming 2.5 cups of vegetables, 2 cups of fruit, 6 ounces of grain, 3 cups of dairy, 5.5 ounces of protein, and 27 grams of oils every day
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# Sapporo Ichiban
is a brand of instant noodles (primarily ramen) manufactured by Sanyo Foods of Maebashi, Gunma, Japan. Sapporo Ichiban noodles are also manufactured in Garden Grove, California, for the United States and Canadian market.
Sapporo Ichiban has also found a market outside Japan, most notably with consumers in Hong Kong, the United States, Mexico, Argentina and Canada.
Sapporo Ichiban literally means \"Sapporo\'s number one \[noodle\]\", coined by future company president Takeshi Ida after he was particularly impressed with Sapporo\'s local ramen.
## Facilities and manufacturing {#facilities_and_manufacturing}
Sanyo Foods had previously kept their headquarters, and R&D all in their original town of Maebashi city, Gunma prefecture, but their headquarters have legally moved to Minato-ku, Tokyo. They have built their plants for domestic products in Gunma, Chiba, Nara, and Fukuoka. There is a small sales branch in Sapporo. Products sold in the United States are made in Garden Grove, California.
## Products
### Ramen
Ramen flavors include:
- \"Original\" (Red package) a mild soy sauce flavor, debuted in stores January 1966.
- Miso (Orange package), debuted in stores September 1968.
- Shio (Salt) (Black and Red package), debuted in stores August 1971.
- Tonkotsu (Gold package)
- Chicken (Green package)
- Beef (Brown package)
- Shrimp (Pink package)
- Hot & Spicy Chicken (Green and Red package)
- Original Cup
- Chicken Cup
- Beef Cup
- Shrimp Cup
### Non-ramen products {#non_ramen_products}
- Yakisoba / Chow mein (Yellow, orange and white package). This is not a ramen soup, but ramen noodles meant to be reconstituted, then stir-fried with the enclosed flavour package. Traditionally, ground beef and Chinese cabbage are added to the stir-fry and seaweed is sprinkled on top from the included pouch if preparing yakisoba, but only the seaweed is included in the package.
- Kitsune -- Kitsune udon (Blue and white package). This is a package of dehydrated udon noodles instead of ramen, with a reconstitutable square of tofu. This item has been discontinued in the United States in spite of great demand found online
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# Petone FC
**Petone FC** is an association football club in Petone, New Zealand. The club provides football for men, women and children. The club\'s men\'s first team competes in the Central League with the women\'s first team competing in the Women's Central League. The club is based at Memorial Park in the Lower Hutt suburb of Petone.
## History and achievements {#history_and_achievements}
The club is the successor for Petone United, a club founded in 1889 as Petone Wanderers before merging with the Wellington Rowing Club in 1892, competing under the name United until disbandment in 1895.
The club has won the Chatham Cup three times (1928, 1930, and 1949) and won the Central League title in 1990.
Petone FC was originally known at Petone Association Football Club, however the club was renamed Petone Soccer Club in 1994. In 2009, club management voted to rename the club as Petone Football Club
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# Bill Hutchison
**William Henry Hutchison** (28 April 1923 -- 18 June 1982), often referred to as \"Hutchy\", was an Australian rules footballer in the Victorian Football League (VFL) with the Essendon Football Club, who played 290 VFL games, from 1942 to 1957, and kicked 496 goals.
Generally considered one of the finest rovers ever to play the game, he captained Essendon from 1951 to 1957, and was a vital part of Essendon\'s premiership sides in 1942, 1946, 1949 and 1950.
## Family
The son of Scottish parents, Henry Kearton Hutchison (1884--1962) and Agnes Caskie Hutchison (1889--1977), née Brown, William Henry Hutchison was born at Kensington on 28 April 1923. He married Helen Isabel \"Nell\" Giles (1923--2011) in 1947.
## Football career {#football_career}
Hutchison played with Essendon from 1942 to 1957.
### Debut
He made his First XVIII debut on 16 May 1942 as a wingman, against Footscray, in Round 2 of the 1942 season; originally listed as an emergency, he was a last-minute replacement for the unavailable Les Griggs.
### Interstate (VFL) {#interstate_vfl}
Selected in every season from 1945 to 1954, inclusive, and again in 1956, Hutchison played 30 games for Victoria and kicked 67 goals. He was selected in the All-Australian team in both 1953 and 1956, the two years in which he also captained Victoria at the ANFC Carnivals in Adelaide and Perth, respectively. He was also selected on eight separate occasions in the ***Sporting Life** Team of the Year*: 1947, 1948, and 1950--1955.
### Last match {#last_match}
His last match was against Melbourne in the 1957 VFL Grand Final. He was captain and first rover in the Essendon team that lost to Melbourne 7.13 (55) to 17.14 (116). He retired after the Grand Final, and he did not participate in the end-of-season night football competition that was held immediately after the final series.
## Brownlow Medal {#brownlow_medal}
Once established as a rover, he consistently polled well in the Brownlow Medal vote count:
- Polling 8 votes in 1946 (winner, Don Cordner).
- Finishing ninth to Bert Deacon in 1947.
- Finishing third to Bill Morris in 1948.
- Finishing eighth to Ron Clegg, who won on a count-back from Col Austen, in 1949.
- Finishing sixth to Allan Ruthven in 1950.
- Finishing third to Bernie Smith in 1951.
- Finishing equal first with Roy Wright in 1952.
- Although their total votes and their \"first votes\" were equal, their \"second votes\" were not, and Wright (with more \"second votes\" and less \"third votes\" than Hutchison) was awarded the medal on a countback according to the rules that applied at the time; however, those rules were changed in 1989, and Hutchison was retrospectively (and posthumously) awarded a Brownlow medal for the 1952 season.
- Finishing first in 1953.
- Polling 10 votes in 1954 (winner, Roy Wright).
- Finishing second, by one vote, to Fred Goldsmith in 1955.
- Polling 9 votes in 1956 (winner, Peter Box).
- Polling 5 votes in 1957 (winner, Brian Gleeson).
## Death
He died on 18 June 1982, after a short illness.
## Legacy
### Champions of Essendon {#champions_of_essendon}
In 2002, at a \"Champions of Essendon\" gala event, Hutchison was voted the fourth-greatest Essendon player of all time. The man who was voted Champion, Dick Reynolds, famously said: \"I don\'t deserve this honour\... Bill Hutchison was the best player I\'ve seen.\"
### Australian Football Hall of Fame {#australian_football_hall_of_fame}
In 2003, Hutchison was inducted as the 18th \"Legend\" in the Australian Football Hall of Fame.
### W. Hutchison Medal {#w._hutchison_medal}
The *W. Hutchison Medal* is awarded annually to the best and fairest player in the First Division of the Essendon District Football League
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# Sukkur District
\| timezone1 = PKT \| utc_offset1 = +05:00 \| timezone1_DST = DST *is not observed* \| utc_offset1_DST = \| postal_code_type = ZIP Code \| postal_code = 65200 \| area_code_type = NWD (area) code \| area_code = 071 \| iso_code = PK-SD \| website = \| footnotes = }}
**Sukkur District** (*سکر ضلعو*, *ضلع سکّھر}}*) is a district in Sindh Province in Pakistan. Two districts have been split off from the territory of Sukkur: Shikarpur in 1977 and Ghotki in 1993. According to 2023 Pakistani census population of Sukkur District is 1,625,467 (1.6 million).
## Administrative subdivisions {#administrative_subdivisions}
+-------------+---------------+----------+----------+----------+
| Tehsil | Population\ | Area\ | Union\ | Villages |
| | (2023) | (km²) | Councils | |
+=============+===============+==========+==========+==========+
| Sukkur City | 266,940 | 150 | 11 | 25 |
+-------------+---------------+----------+----------+----------+
| New Sukkur | 356,163 | 150 | 09 | 25 |
+-------------+---------------+----------+----------+----------+
| Rohri | 421,500 | 1319 | 12 | 400 |
+-------------+---------------+----------+----------+----------+
| Saleh Pat | 137,738 | 2339 | 03 | 250 |
+-------------+---------------+----------+----------+----------+
| Pano Aqil | 443,126 | 1233 | 12 | 450 |
+-------------+---------------+----------+----------+----------+
| **Total** | **1,625,467** | **5191** | **54** | **1150** |
+-------------+---------------+----------+----------+----------+
: Tehsils, UCs and Villages in District Sukkur
## History
`{{More citations needed section|date= December 2017}}`{=mediawiki} By the 12th Century Rohri and Sukkur had been incorporated in dominion of the Bhati Rajputs. The East India Company occupied Sindh in 1843. They formed three districts in Sindh administratively: Hyderabad, Karachi and Shikarpur.
In 1883 British Government shifted the district headquarter from Shikarpur to Sukkur and in 1901 again British Government shifted the district status from Shikarpur to Sukkur.
In 1904, the Pano Akil mahal was converted into a taluka of Sukkur District.
At the time of Pakistan\'s independence in 1947, Sukkur district comprised approximately 200,000 inhabitants, mostly engaged in agricultural pursuits and fishing industry. Over time, Sukkur has seen a moderate rise in population (2 to 2.5% per annum) as compared to Pakistan\'s, except in late 1960s and early 70s, when population growth rate reached 4.43% (1972 census) due to internal migration and establishment of some large bridges on river Indus.
Sukkur district is chiefly populated by Muslims that constitute 96% of the total population. The minorities include: Hindus 3.28% and Christians about 0.51%. Hindus are mostly settled in urban areas and are engaged in the trade and services sectors.
The independence of Pakistan in 1947 saw the influx of Muslims which include Urdu-speaking Muhajirs, Bandhani speaking Rajputs from Rajasthan, who migrated from India and settled here, mostly in the aftermath of riots when Pakistan was carved out of India as the result of Muslim vote; the Muslim population of India voted for their separate homeland, the Pakistan. While some of the Bandhani and Punjabis were settled here before partition.
Traditionally Sindhi Memons and Sindhi hindus were associated with trade and retail business but during last two decades they have ascended as an active social and economic front. Sukkur is noteworthy in Sindh and Pakistan generally for its comparative tolerance towards religious and ethnic minorities.
City is a multi-ethnic and has a mix of Sindhis, Punjabis, Brahuis, Balochis and Pakhtuns. Sindhis are native to the area and speak its various dialects of Sindhi, including, Utradi, Thari, Dhatki, etc. A large number of Punjabis were attracted to the city after the Indus treaty settlement and are settled around the downtown and chowk Ghantaghar in central part of the city.
Most Pakhtons are distinct and separately living near the railway station and its vicinity. The city therefore has cosmopolitan atmosphere with multiethnic and multicultural communities. Following are the demographic indicators of the district.
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# Sukkur District
## Demographics
As of the 2023 census, Sukkur district has 268,588 households and a population of 1,639,897. The district has a sex ratio of 113.04 males to 100 females and a literacy rate of 58.26%: 68.10% for males and 47.20% for females. 539,351 (33.18% of the surveyed population) are under 10 years of age. 814,999 (49.70%) live in urban areas.
### Religion
The majority religion is Islam, with 95.9% of the population. Hinduism (including those from Scheduled Castes) is practiced by 3.63% of the population.
+----------------------------------------+---------+--------+-----------+
| Religious\ | 1941 | | 2017 |
| group | | | |
+========================================+=========+========+===========+
| `{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}`{=mediawiki} | | | |
+----------------------------------------+---------+--------+-----------+
| Islam | 185,249 | 63.46% | 1,430,376 |
+----------------------------------------+---------+--------+-----------+
| Hinduism | 102,132 | 34.99% | 52,902 |
+----------------------------------------+---------+--------+-----------+
| Sikhism | 3,794 | 1.30% | |
+----------------------------------------+---------+--------+-----------+
| Christianity | 260 | 0.09% | 4,192 |
+----------------------------------------+---------+--------+-----------+
| Others | 478 | 0.16% | 902 |
+----------------------------------------+---------+--------+-----------+
| Total Population | 291,913 | 100% | 1,488,372 |
+----------------------------------------+---------+--------+-----------+
| | | | |
+----------------------------------------+---------+--------+-----------+
: Religion in contemporary Sukkur District
+----------------------------------------+---------+---+---------+---+---------+---+-----------+---+
| Religious\ | 1872 | | 1881 | | 1891 | | 1901 | |
| group | | | | | | | | |
+========================================+=========+===+=========+===+=========+===+===========+===+
| `{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}`{=mediawiki} | | | | | | | | |
+----------------------------------------+---------+---+---------+---+---------+---+-----------+---+
| Islam | 628,662 | | 684,275 | | 728,661 | | 797,882 | |
+----------------------------------------+---------+---+---------+---+---------+---+-----------+---+
| Hinduism | 147,224 | | 167,896 | | 185,813 | | 218,829 | |
+----------------------------------------+---------+---+---------+---+---------+---+-----------+---+
| Christianity | 238 | | 736 | | 522 | | 492 | |
+----------------------------------------+---------+---+---------+---+---------+---+-----------+---+
| Zoroastrianism | 39 | | 64 | | 71 | | 66 | |
+----------------------------------------+---------+---+---------+---+---------+---+-----------+---+
| Judaism | 1 | | 9 | | 27 | | 31 | |
+----------------------------------------+---------+---+---------+---+---------+---+-----------+---+
| Buddhism | | | 6 | | 0 | | 0 | |
+----------------------------------------+---------+---+---------+---+---------+---+-----------+---+
| Jainism | | | 0 | | 1 | | 0 | |
+----------------------------------------+---------+---+---------+---+---------+---+-----------+---+
| Sikhism | | | | | 402 | | | |
+----------------------------------------+---------+---+---------+---+---------+---+-----------+---+
| Tribal | | | | | | | | |
+----------------------------------------+---------+---+---------+---+---------+---+-----------+---+
| Others | 63 | | 0 | | 0 | | 813 | |
+----------------------------------------+---------+---+---------+---+---------+---+-----------+---+
| Total population | 776,227 | | 852,986 | | 915,497 | | 1,018,113 | |
+----------------------------------------+---------+---+---------+---+---------+---+-----------+---+
| | | | | | | | | |
+----------------------------------------+---------+---+---------+---+---------+---+-----------+---+
: Religious groups in Sukkur District (British Sindh era)
### Language
At the time of the 2023 census, 86.06% of the population spoke Sindhi, 8.97% Urdu and 1.74% Punjabi as their first language.
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# Sukkur District
## List of Dehs {#list_of_dehs}
The following is a list of Sukkur District\'s dehs, organised by taluka:
- **City Sukkur Taluka** (1 deh)
- New Sukkur
- **New Sukkur Taluka** (21 dehs)
- Abad Jagir
- Alif Katco
- Anghaho
- Arain
- Bagerji
- Belo Bagerji
- Belo Bindi
- Belo Shah Belo
- Belo9 Qadirpur
- Deda
- Dreha
- Farash
- Goseji
- Katcho Mando Dero Dero
- Mubrakpur
- Naseer Abad
- Old Sukkur
- Pacco Bindi Dhareja
- Rehuja
- Saeedabad
- Tanmachani
- **Pano Aqil Taluka** (96 dehs)
- Agro
- Aro
- Arrero
- Baghpai
- Bahman
- Baiji New
- Baiji Old
- Bakabad
- Belo Abad Malhani
- Belo Bahab
- Belo Hingoro
- Belo Khia Belo
- Belo Kotho
- Belo Qadir Dino
- Belo Sadhuja
- Belo Shah Belo
- Belo Shahpur
- Bhandki
- Bhullo
- Bilhani
- Bindi Tharachani
- Birth
- Bohi
- Budh
- Chanjani Chachar
- Chanjani Jatoi
- Chechero
- Dadloi
- Dandh Marhari
- Doghar
- Drib
- Erazi Sadiki
- Farakpur
- Gagni
- Gajaro
- Garkho
- Garwar
- Gharee
- Haleji
- Hasul
- Hingoro
- Hussain Beli
- Indharki
- Janaji
- Jhabero
- Jhan Khan
- Junas
- Katcho Kadirdino
- Katcho No. 1
- Katcho No. 2
- Katcho Qasimpur
- Katcho Shahpur
- Katta
- Khan Belo
- Kharaj
- Kot Sadik Shah
- Lanjari
- Lathwaro
- Liskani
- Machi
- Mangarki
- Meehoi
- Mian Kundho
- Miranpur Sadiki
- Mubarakpur
- Nangroro
- Naro Amul Hatti
- Naro Hamthar
- Nindapur
- Nirch
- Nouraja New
- Nouraja Old
- Nowlai
- Ochihar
- Pacco Bindi Shahpur
- Pano Aqil
- Pano Ghulam Ali
- Pano KharKhaso
- Panwari Jagir
- Panwari Rayaeti
- Qadirdino Bindi
- Roophar
- Sabni
- Sadhuja
- Salhani
- Sangi Kotai
- Sarai
- Shahpur
- Sorho
- Sugro
- Sultanpur
- Sunder Belo
- Talli
- Tarar
- Thikratho
- Ural
- **Rohri Taluka** (67 dehs)
- Abad
- Abejano
- Abra
- Akbarpur
- Allah Abad
- Arkohar
- Arore
- Begmanji
- Bhiro
- Boraha
- Bundtari
- Chak No. 2
- Chak No. 3
- Chak No. 4
- Cheel
- Dadah
- Dakhano
- Dalho
- Dhandhi
- Dodanko
- Dring Belo
- Dubarwahan
- Fakirabad
- Gatanwari
- Ghulam Goth
- Gidraro
- Hamanloi
- Hamanloi Jagir
- Hosho Shaheed
- Ibupota
- Jani Abad
- Jhangro
- Kalari
- Kalhori
- Kandhra
- Kandri
- Katcho Ali Wahan
- Katcho Mando Dero
- Katohar
- Katper
- Khadhari
- Khahi Jagir
- Khoori
- Kot Mir Yako
- Kotari
- Larh Jagir
- Mandodero
- Mangarki
- Mangria
- Mari
- Mari Janullah Shah
- Miani Bagat
- Nabi Shah
- Nandho Kohistan
- Panhwar
- Patni
- Ponath
- Rohri
- Saeedabad (Rohri)
- Sangrar
- Seerahi
- Subhanpur
- Tirore
- Trimoh Takar
- Trimoonh
- Umerkas
- Wado Kohistan
- **Saleh Patt Taluka** (87 dehs)
- Badal Fakeer
- Badeji
- Bago
- Bahadurio
- Bajar Waro
- Bargah
- Barro
- Beebai Daro
- Behan Wari
- Berrido
- Bitri
- Chak No. 5
- Chanareji
- Chogan Waro
- Chuganwari
- Chutto Khouh
- Dhulwaro
- Draban Waro
- Dubbo
- Dubi
- Gagro
- Gandaho
- Garang
- Garhar
- Goni
- Gurand
- Hussain Shah
- Ihsan Wari
- Januji
- Kanheja
- Kartar
- Khabar Waro
- Khabariro
- Khabri Bhit
- Khipro
- Khorore
- Khosanjo Kumb
- Khuni Khambharo
- Lairo
- Laiwari
- Lakhaji No. 1
- Lakhaji No
| 614 |
Sukkur District
| 2 |
3,727,360 |
# Stadium Park/Astrodome station
**Stadium Park/Astrodome** is an island platformed METRORail light rail station in Houston, Texas, United States. The station was opened on January 1, 2004, originally as **Reliant Park** station, and is operated by the Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County, Texas (METRO). The station is located at the intersection of Fannin Street and Holly Hall Street, next to NRG Park. This station is decorated with various photographs from The Astrodome\'s history including the Rodeo, the Houston Astros and an Elvis concert.
Despite Reliant Park changing its name to NRG Park in 2014, the station continued to bear its former name for two more years. In late 2016, METRO opted not to rename it after NRG, instead changing its name to Stadium Park/Astrodome. The NRG naming rights went to the train station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Points of interest near Stadium Park/Astrodome Station include convention and entertainment facilities such as the Astrodome, NRG Stadium, NRG Arena and NRG Center. NRG Stadium is where the NFL team the Houston Texans play. The station served Six Flags AstroWorld until the park closed in October 2005. The station also serves commuters working downtown or in the Texas Medical Center area, many of whom live in large apartment and condominium complexes located nearby.
Stadium Park/Astrodome station includes the only closed platform in the system. The station has a second platform on the Southbound Side opposite the island platform that is not in use
| 240 |
Stadium Park/Astrodome station
| 0 |
3,727,375 |
# Tri Valley Titans
The **Tri Valley Titans** were an International Basketball League franchise based in Livermore, California. The Titans represented the Tri-Valley area of California, an area that also includes Danville, Dublin, San Ramon and Pleasanton, California. The team normally played its home games at Las Positas College, in Livermore. The IBL is a spring league, playing a March through June regular season.
## History
The Tri Valley Titans were introduced by the International Basketball League on August 10, 2006.
## 2005 Season
The team nickname in 2005 and 2006 was the Ballers. The team played its first season in San Jose, California at San Jose City College. The team boasted the IBL\'s two top scorers in Jovan Harris (35.3 ppg), and Alejandro Thomas (28.3 ppg), but finished a disappointing 10-10.
## 2006 season {#season_1}
As the newly relocated Tri City Ballers, playing in Newark, California, the franchise displayed much better results, finishing 14--4, and pacing the west. All-Star Jovan Harris once again led the team in scoring, but this time with just 24.6 ppg. The team also featured all-star Rock Winston (21.0 ppg).
## 2007 season {#season_2}
The nomadic franchise again was on the move to Livermore, California for 2007, this time taking on the name, Tri Valley Titans. The team compiled a record of 10--4 as a member of the Southwest Division, but three of its scheduled regular season games were apparently not played. The IBL deactivated the team at the end of the regular season
| 249 |
Tri Valley Titans
| 0 |
3,727,377 |
# Larkana District
\| established_title = Established \| established_date = 1 August 1901 \| founder = British Government }}
**Larkana District** (Sindhi: لاڙڪاڻو ضلعو; *ضلع لاڑکانہ}}*) is a district of the Sindh province of Pakistan. Its largest city is Larkana, which sits on the banks of the Indus River. It is the home district of the politically influential Bhutto family.
Other towns in the district include Ratodero, Dokri, Bakrani, and Naodero. In 2005, the Government of Pakistan under Pervez Musharraf bifurcated the district, forming a new district called Qamber and Shahdadkot, with the two towns of Qambar Khan and Shahdadkot.
## History
The District came into existence on 1 August 1901, when it was formed out of the Karachi and the Shikarpur districts. The Sehwan, Johi, and Dadu talukas were taken from the Karachi district, and the Mehar, Kakar, Warah, Larkana, Labdarya, Kambar and Ratodero talukas were taken from the Shikarpur District, which since has been known as the Sukkur District. Three divisions were formed, the Sehwan division comprising the Sehwan, Johi and Dadh talukas, the Mehar division comprising the Mehar Tehsil, Kakar and Warah talukas, and the Larkana division comprising Larkana, Labdarya, Kambar, and Ratodero talukas.
By 1911, it had been recognized that the Larkana Division was too heavy a charge for one officer, even with the assistance of an attached Deputy Collector, and a new division known as the Ratodero Division was created out of it. Twenty-two dehs from Ratodero, four from Larkana, and forty-four from Kambar were combined to form a new taluka in the northwestern extremity of the District, with headquarters at the village of Miro Khan. The limits of the new taluka were similar to those of the old Sujawal taluka of the Shikarpur District which was abolished around 1883. This new taluka and the reduced Ratodero taluka were combined to form the new division. A minor feature of the change was the transfer of the ten western dehs of Larkana Tehsil to Kambar. Ratodero Tehsil has since been absorbed into Larkana and Mehar subdivisions. Each of the four divisions is in charge of an Assistant Collector or Deputy Collector.`{{fact|date=December 2023}}`{=mediawiki}
In 1931, Larkana District was split, and the new Dadu District was created.`{{fact|date=December 2023}}`{=mediawiki}
## Administration
The district of Larkana is administratively subdivided into the following tehsil:
+--------------------------------+------------+-------------+-------------------+----------------------+----------------+
| Tehsil | Area (km²) | Pop. (2023) | Density (ppl/km²) | Literacy rate (2023) | Union Councils |
| | | | | | |
| | | | \(2023\) | | |
+================================+============+=============+===================+======================+================+
| Bakrani Tehsil | 425 | 275,268 | 647.69 | 46.38% | |
+--------------------------------+------------+-------------+-------------------+----------------------+----------------+
| Dokri Tehsil (Labdarya Tehsil) | 412 | 257,394 | 624.74 | 49.19% | |
+--------------------------------+------------+-------------+-------------------+----------------------+----------------+
| Larkana Tehsil | 549 | 873,868 | 1,591.74 | 58.76% | |
+--------------------------------+------------+-------------+-------------------+----------------------+----------------+
| Ratodero Tehsil | 562 | 377,923 | 672.46 | 58.93% | Naudero |
+--------------------------------+------------+-------------+-------------------+----------------------+----------------+
Around 10 km away from Larkana City, sugarcane is cultivated and processed at the Larkana Sugar Mills (Pvt) Ltd. plant, which was inaugurated by former Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto on 30 January 1974.
Larkana\'s guava and berries are famous both nationally and internationally, with the annual output of the district standing at thousands of tons. All the villages of Larkana District on the right bank of the Indus River have vast guava orchids spread over thousands of acres, located in Dodai, Mahotta, Naudero, Chooharpur, Agani, Metla, Izzat Ji Wandh, Phulpota and other villages.
## Education
The Government Pilot School was built in 1926, being the oldest education institution in the district. Cadet College Larkana was inaugurated by the former Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto in 1994, first planned by her late father Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in 1975. The College is located 24 km away from Larkana, and some 3 kilometres from Mohenjo-daro.
Colleges and universities in Larkana District:
- Govt. Pilot School Larkana
- Govt. Degree College Larkana
- Shaheed Zufiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology Larkana
- Govt. College of Technology Larkana
- Sindh Science College Larkana
- Global Science College Larkana
- Govt. Chandka Medical College Larkana
- Benazir College of Nursing
- QUEST Larkana
- Allama Open University Larkana
| 696 |
Larkana District
| 0 |
3,727,377 |
# Larkana District
## Transport
Moenjo Daro Airport is located near Mohenjo-daro, 28 km away to the south of the city of Larkana, and about 5 kilometres away from Dokri. The main airline which serves the airport is Pakistan International Airlines, the country\'s national flag carrier. The outdated infrastructure of the airport prevents the use of large, advanced aircraft, with Pakistan International Airlines largely using Fokker aeroplanes for flights.
## Demographics
As of the 2023 census, Larkana district has 321,528 households and a population of 1,784,453. The district has a sex ratio of 109.50 males to 100 females and a literacy rate of 55.58%: 65.34% for males and 44.96% for females. 569,447 (31.91% of the surveyed population) are under 10 years of age. 798,151 (44.73%) live in urban areas.
+----------------------------------------+---------+--------+-----------+
| Religious\ | 1941 | | 2017 |
| group | | | |
+========================================+=========+========+===========+
| `{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}`{=mediawiki} | | | |
+----------------------------------------+---------+--------+-----------+
| Islam | 191,621 | 76.34% | 1,498,148 |
+----------------------------------------+---------+--------+-----------+
| Hinduism | 58,052 | 23.13% | 22,116 |
+----------------------------------------+---------+--------+-----------+
| Sikhism | 1,283 | 0.51% | |
+----------------------------------------+---------+--------+-----------+
| Others | 61 | 0.02% | 1,522 |
+----------------------------------------+---------+--------+-----------+
| Total Population | 251,017 | 100% | 1,521,786 |
+----------------------------------------+---------+--------+-----------+
| | | | |
+----------------------------------------+---------+--------+-----------+
: Religion in contemporary Larkana district
At the time of the 2023 census, 98.94% of the population spoke Sindhi as their first language.
## Sport
The Larkana Bulls cricket team was established in 2013.
Larkana Cricket Stadium, alternatively called the Shaheed Mohtarama Benazir Bhutto International Cricket Stadium, was built by the Pakistan Cricket Board in Garhi Khuda Bakhsh near the tomb of Benazir Bhutto
| 272 |
Larkana District
| 1 |
3,727,398 |
# Wairarapa United
**Wairarapa United Football Club** is based in Masterton, New Zealand. WUFC Women\'s Firsts are the region\'s premiere senior female team who finished 2nd on the table in 2024 in the Capital Football Women\'s 1 League, gaining promotion to Cap Prem in 2025 due to a restructure of grades.
In 2025 the club will field one additional women\'s side in the Wairarapa local league as well as junior U12 team in the Wellington Junior league. The club also fields an under-19 side competing successfully in the national Napier tournament.
## Club history {#club_history}
The club was formed by the merger of Masterton and Carterton in 1996; a composite team that started to dominate Women\'s football winning the league in 2000 and 2002. The team was coached by Wendi Henderson and competed in the New Zealand Knockout Cup, finishing runners up in 1999 and 2000.
In the 2000s, the club focused on the men\'s game, competing in the Capital Football Men\'s Central League 2009--2021. In Wairarapa\'s first season in the Central League, the club finished sixth in the league. Wairarapa\'s highest finish in the league is third place which they achieved in both 2010 and 2011. The club defeated four-time champions Napier Rovers 2--1 to win the Chatham Cup in 2011, their first appearance in the final.
In 2013 Wairarapa United switched their home ground; from Howard Booth Park in Carterton for the 2013 Central Premier League season, to play at Memorial Park in Masterton.
For 2023 the WUFC will play at Hullena Park, Te Whiti Road, Masterton
| 259 |
Wairarapa United
| 0 |
3,727,407 |
# Kapiti Coast United
**Kapiti Coast United** (KCU) is an association football club in New Zealand. Their home ground is Weka Park in Raumati Beach on the Kāpiti Coast.
## History
Originally known as the Raumati Hearts, they formed in 1960 as a junior club then two years later added a senior club. Originally named after Heart of Midlothian, an Edinburgh soccer team commonly known as Hearts. The club changed its name to Kapiti Hearts in 2000 then formed as Kapiti Coast United when they merged with Paraparaumu United in 2003.
Their highest honour is winning Capital One three times in 2006, 2014 and 2017, with their highest placing in the Capital Premier league being 6th which they achieved in 2008 and 2015. They have entered the Chatham Cup most years since 1965 with their best run in 1993 as the Raumati Hearts, where they made the last sixteen, before losing 2--3 to Nelson United.
## Junior Football {#junior_football}
Kapiti Coast United have a large amount of Junior Football teams which participate in both the Wellington and Kapiti leagues. The club have multiple teams in each grade from 7th Grade (aged 6-7) all the way up until their under-16 program.
## Senior Football {#senior_football}
Kapiti Coast United have 12 senior teams as of 2019 season with their top men\'s team playing in the Capital Football Capital One and the women\'s in the Women\'s Central League. The other teams participate in either the other local Wellington or Kapiti leagues
| 248 |
Kapiti Coast United
| 0 |
3,727,408 |
# Phil Edmonds
**Philippe-Henri Edmonds** (born 8 March 1951) is a former cricketer who represented England at international level and Middlesex at county level. After retiring he became a successful, albeit controversial, corporate executive. He was a part of the English squad which finished as runners-up at the 1979 Cricket World Cup.
Edmonds played most of his cricket as a lower-order right-handed batsman, and bowled slow left-arm orthodox spin. Possessing a textbook action and a pace bowler\'s temperament -- he was known to bowl the odd bouncer when riled -- he was also able to use his height (standing over six feet tall) to flight the ball above the batsman\'s eye line. Edmonds was renowned as one of the most entertaining and colourful characters in the game, whose mood could range from abrasive to charming, and remained a strong-minded and free-spirited individual throughout his career.
## Early life and early career {#early_life_and_early_career}
Edmonds was born in Lusaka. His father was a British businessman and his mother was from Belgium. Whilst living in Lusaka he was educated at Gilbert Rennie High School, which in his biography he later said had magnificent academic and sporting facilities. He moved to England in 1966 and completed his secondary education at the Skinners\' School and then Cranbrook School in Kent before enrolling at Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, as a student of land economy.
Edmonds made his first-class debut for Cambridge University against Warwickshire on 24 April 1971. He opened the batting, making 10 and 3, and bowled without success as Warwickshire won by 109 runs. However, in the following match, against Leicestershire, he recorded his first 5-wicket haul in an innings, taking 5/50, and backed this up with 4/48 in the second innings to help Cambridge University to a seven-wicket win. After taking 7/56 in the first innings of the annual University Match against Oxford University, finishing the match with his first 10-wicket haul in a first-class match, Edmonds made his debut for Middlesex in a thrilling match against Essex at Lord\'s Cricket Ground on 4 August. He bowled solidly, returning figures of 2/51 and 3/42, and was the last batsman in with Middlesex still needing 16 runs off the final two overs to win. In the end, Middlesex ran out of time and had to defend the final ball to escape with a draw, which they managed.
Edmonds made his debut for England in the third Test of the 1975 Ashes series at Headingley. Defending a first innings of 288, England managed to dismiss Australia for 135, with Edmonds taking a stunning 5/28. His first Test wicket was Greg Chappell, caught by Derek Underwood, and then he trapped Ross Edwards in front next ball to be on a hat-trick. However, the match had to be abandoned after vandals ruined the pitch, and the result was declared a draw.
| 473 |
Phil Edmonds
| 0 |
3,727,408 |
# Phil Edmonds
## County and international career {#county_and_international_career}
At county level, Edmonds\' Middlesex career coincided with that of John Emburey. The left- and right-arm spin combination was a powerful contribution towards Middlesex\'s success in the 1980s. They also combined at England level, although the pair often competed for the same place in the Test team.
After playing for Eastern Province in the Currie Cup competition during the 1975--76 season, Edmonds returned to England and straight into the English county season. Although Edmonds was more renowned for his exploits with the ball, he could also deliver on occasion with the bat when needed. One such instance was the county match against Northamptonshire early in Middlesex\'s championship-winning 1976 season. In the second innings of that match, Middlesex appeared on the verge of losing by an innings when Edmonds came to the crease. He proceeded to bat aggressively but also sensibly, supported by Mike Gatting and Fred Titmus. By the time Edmonds was dismissed on 93 -- at that time his highest first-class score -- made in 90 minutes with 12 fours and four sixes, Middlesex had built a 136-run lead. He then took two catches to help hinder Northamptonshire\'s run chase, turning what earlier looked like a sizeable defeat into a draw. Edmonds went further with the bat later that season in a match for T N Pearce\'s XI against the touring West Indies cricket team, recording his first first-class century, 103 not out. Edmonds also starred with the ball in this game in a rare defeat for the West Indies on this tour (although admittedly they had rested fast bowlers Andy Roberts and Michael Holding for the game), taking 9 for 98 in the match.
From his 1975 debut Test until his last one, against Pakistan in 1987, Edmonds only played 51 out of a possible 126 Tests for England. Whilst this could in part be attributed to playing form and the afore-mentioned competition for the spinner spot with his Middlesex teammate John Emburey, his confrontational and outspoken nature also meant that he did not always convey a good impression to the national selectors. During England\'s 1984--85 tour of India, England were playing India in Calcutta, and the hosts played at a snail\'s pace towards an inevitable draw. Edmonds, fielding at square leg, produced a copy of *The Daily Telegraph* and proceeded to read. He contributed more significantly in this Test series however by taking 14 wickets as England surprisingly beat India, also taking 15 wickets in each of two series against Australia as England regained the Ashes in 1985 and retained them in 1986--87.
In spite of his success in his debut Test, Edmonds only played one more Test over the next two years. After fellow left-arm slow bowler Underwood joined World Series Cricket in 1977, however, Edmonds was recalled for the 1977--78 tour of Pakistan, where he took his best Test figures in his fourth Test, 7/66, which remain the best Test match innings figures by an England bowler in Pakistan. Later that winter in his sixth Test he made his first Test half-century, but in the remainder of his Test career added only one more fifty (his highest Test score, 64), and no further five-wicket hauls.
Edmonds also played in 29 one-day internationals for England, including England\'s first appearance in a world cup final in 1979, where he returned the best bowling figures of any England bowler, although on the losing side against the West Indies.
After an on-field absence of five years, Edmonds played his final first-class match in June 1992, in a draw against Nottinghamshire at Trent Bridge. He had been serving as a member of Middlesex\' selection committee and volunteered to replace Phil Tufnell, who was recovering from an appendix operation. He showed that he had lost none of his skill, combining with his former partner-in-crime John Emburey and taking 4/48 in Nottinghamshire\'s first innings.
## Business career {#business_career}
Since retiring from cricket, Edmonds has enjoyed a successful career in business, serving as chairman of Middlesex Holdings, White Nile Petroleum Company and Middlesex County Cricket Club. As of July 2012, he had an estimated fortune of 14 million pounds.
Edmonds was also the chairman of Central African Mining & Exploration Company (CAMEC) Plc, a company which was bought by Eurasian Natural Resources Corporation in September 2009.
| 722 |
Phil Edmonds
| 1 |
3,727,408 |
# Phil Edmonds
## Personal life {#personal_life}
He was married to the author Frances Edmonds between 1976 and 2007. They have a daughter, Alexandra
| 24 |
Phil Edmonds
| 2 |
3,727,410 |
# Wainuiomata AFC
**Wainuiomata** is an association football club in New Zealand, based in the Lower Hutt suburb of Wainuiomata. The club was founded in 1959 and was a founding member of the Wellington Central League. It includes seven men\'s teams and two women\'s teams, as well as over 20 youth sides. The senior men\'s team plays in the Capital Premier League
| 62 |
Wainuiomata AFC
| 0 |
3,727,413 |
# Seatoun AFC
**Seatoun AFC** is a football club in New Zealand, based in the Wellington suburb of Seatoun. The club was founded in 1909 by Charlie Webb.
## History
One of the strongest clubs in the country during the 1950s, it won the national knockout Chatham Cup in 1957 and 1958. Their 1958 win, a 7--1 win over Christchurch City, remains the highest score by any team in a Chatham Cup final (equalled in 1989 by Christchurch United).
11 players (senior men) have represented NZ whilst playing for Seatoun - Grahame Bilby, Rex Boyes, Keith Gibson, Bert Hiddlestone, Mike Jones, Ron Kearns, Rodney Reid, Duncan Ritchie, Dave Strom, Phil Traynor, Ian Upchurch. Also a number of international players have played for Seatoun at some stage including Paul Rennell, Shane Rufer, Michael Utting, Jeff Strom, Rupert Ryan, Billy Harris, Paul Cameron, Garry Welch.
In 2013 the Seatoun AFC First Team, coached by player/coach Steve Dimakis, beat Marist AFC 3--2 in a playoff for promotion to Capital Premier. This was the third consecutive promotion for the team, having risen from Capital 3 in 2010, mostly due to the great play of Hamdi Yusuf and Doug Moalay. However, times have been tough recently for the club, received three straight demotions down to capital two. The Seatoun first team gained promotion into Capital 1 after a highly successful 2018 season that saw them 12 points above their nearest competition on the table.
In 2024 both the first team and reserve side of Seatoun AFC gained promotion with the first team getting promoted from capital premier to the newly formed central league 2 and the reserve side jumping from capital two and into capital one.
Both sides saw heavy departures at the end of the 2024 season and are currently rebuilding and strengthening their squads ahead of the 2025 season as the two men's sides prepare for the step up as they compete in new more competitive leagues
| 324 |
Seatoun AFC
| 0 |
3,727,452 |
# Hilltop Ski Area
**Hilltop Ski Area** is a ski area in Anchorage, Alaska established in 1984. Located in Far North Bicentennial Park near Chugach State Park at the base of the Chugach Mountains, Hilltop Ski Area is owned and operated by Youth Exploring Adventure, Inc., an Anchorage nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization established in 1979 to provide recreational programs for Anchorage youth.
## Facilities
Hilltop has a triple Riblet chairlift, a rope tow, a platter lift, and 30 acre groomed ranging in difficulty level from easy (80%) to more difficult (10%) to most difficult (10%). Adjacent facilities include the Karl Eid Ski Jump Complex, with 15 meter, 40 meter, and 60 meter jumps (all lighted); Hillside Park with 7.5 miles (12 km) of trails suitable for Nordic skiing; and Bicentennial Park with 20 miles (32 km.) of trails suitable for Nordic skiing.
## Programs
Hilltop offers a ski school with group and private lessons in skiing and snowboarding for all people of all ages and ability levels, the after-school Hot Dogger Program for children aged 16 to 14, and Alpine Alternatives, which offers skiing instruction to people with disabilities. Additionally, the area is home to the Hilltop Alpine Racing Team (HART) which offers race training for ages 6--19. Hilltop\'s instructors are members of the Professional Ski Instructors of America. Hilltop offers ski and snowboard camps during Anchorage School District in-service days (scheduled teacher/staff training days that students get as days off), the December holiday season, and spring break.
## History
The nonprofit corporation Hilltop Youth, Inc. was established in Anchorage in the 1950s with a focus on providing recreational and educational opportunities for Anchorage-area youth. In 1962, Hilltop Youth installed a rope tow powered by a surplus military troop carrier motor in a gravel pit west of what is now known as Old Seward Highway. The rope tow was moved in 1967 to a new location near the intersection of the newly constructed roads Abbott Road and Hillside Drive. In the early 1980s a 10-meter jump for novices designed by Karl Eid was also built on this site. This site, the original Hilltop Ski area, was in operation from 1967 to 1983, when the Hilltop Ski area was moved to its current location about half a mile north of the original site. Since its establishment in its current location in 1984, Hilltop Ski Area has been operated by Youth Exploring Adventure, Inc.
In the early 1980s, operators of the \"old\" Hilltop replaced the rope tow engine, rope, and motor shack through a grant from the State of Alaska. The current Hilltop Ski Area still uses this equipment on its beginners\' slope
| 440 |
Hilltop Ski Area
| 0 |
3,727,469 |
# Sowar
**Sowar** (*سوار*, also **sawar** or **siwar** meaning \"the one who rides\" or \"rider\", from Persian *sawār*, from the Sasanid Persian **Aswār**, from the Achaemenid Persian **Asabāra**) was originally a rank during the Mughal Empire. Later, during the British Raj, it was the name in Anglo-Indian usage for a horse-soldier belonging to the cavalry troops of the native armies of British India and the feudal states. It is also used more specifically of a mounted orderly, escort or guard. It was also the rank held by ordinary cavalry troopers, equivalent to sepoy in the infantry --- this rank has been inherited by the modern armies of India and Pakistan. The rank higher is Acting Lance Daffadar.
## History
An image from the Carnatic Wars features a Sowar armed with a musket.
*Sowar* has been used as the name of a line of wrist-watches by the Swiss West End Watch Co
| 151 |
Sowar
| 0 |
3,727,473 |
# Man on Fire (1987 film)
***Man on Fire*** (*\'\'\'Un uomo sotto tiro\'\'\'*, *\'\'\'L\'homme de feu\'\'\'*) is a 1987 action thriller film directed by Élie Chouraqui and starring Scott Glenn and Jade Malle. It is based on the 1980 novel of the same name by A. J. Quinnell, with a screenplay by Chouraqui, Sergio Donati, and Fabrice Ziolkowski. The rest of the cast includes Joe Pesci, Jonathan Pryce, Brooke Adams, Danny Aiello, and Paul Shenar.
Another film based on the same novel, also called *Man on Fire*, was released in 2004, directed by Tony Scott.
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
In Italy, wealthy families often hire bodyguards to protect family members from the threat of kidnapping. A wealthy family that needs a bodyguard hires Christian Creasy, a burned-out ex-CIA agent turned mercenary, to protect their daughter, Samantha \"Sam\" Balletto. Creasy has been broken down from all of the death and horror of combat he witnessed in the Vietnam War and in Beirut, Lebanon. Although Creasy is not interested in being a bodyguard, especially to a twelve-year-old youngster, he accepts the assignment because he has no better job offers.
The precocious child\'s persistent questions about Creasy and his life are all Creasy can bear. But as she gradually breaks down his tough exterior, his barriers come down, and he starts to open up to her. They become friends and he replaces her parents in their absences, giving her advice, guidance, and help with track. Creasy\'s life is shattered when Sam is kidnapped by the mafia. Despite being seriously wounded during the kidnapping, Creasy halts his recovery to get weapons from his former partner, David. Creasy vows Sam\'s safe return, as well as vengeance on the kidnappers.
## Cast
## Production
Tony Scott was originally slated to direct, but, the studio balked because at the time they felt he was not accomplished enough to pull off the project. He would go on to direct the 2004 remake with Denzel Washington as Creasy.
Producer Arnon Milchan wanted Sergio Leone to direct Robert De Niro, while Tony Scott wanted either Marlon Brando or Robert Duvall as his leading man when he was slated to direct. The screenplay underwent several revisions.
The music score for *Man on Fire* was provided by English film composer and music conductor John Scott. A cue from the film\'s score -- titled \"We\'ve Got Each Other\" in the soundtrack album -- was later incorporated into the score for the 1988 film *Die Hard*. (The cue can be heard near the end of the film when John McClane and Holly Gennaro exit the Nakatomi Building and McClane sees Sgt. Al Powell face to face for the first time.)
## Distribution
The film was screened at the 13th Deauville American Film Festival in Deauville, France. It was one of 40 films screened during the festival. The 13th Deauville film festival ran from 4 to 14 September 1987.
The film was released in 1987 on VHS. It had originally been released on DVD overseas, but not in the United States, save for bootlegs. However, on 15 November 2016, Kino Lorber released the first official Blu-ray Disc and DVD.
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# Man on Fire (1987 film)
## Reception
Leonard Klady of the *Los Angeles Times* said that the film\'s script \"limps along as badly as its protagonist\" and that the film \"is simply cold-comfort movie-going.\" Michael Spies of the *Houston Chronicle* said that the film \"not only lacks emotion, it lacks wit and cool. It just has lots of atmosphere.\" Caryn James of *The New York Times* said that the film \"always seems about to slip into unconsciousness.\" Lloyd Sachs of the *Chicago Sun-Times* said, \"Unfortunately, when it\'s required to make sense, *Man on Fire* doesn\'t. Which is too bad, because Glenn\'s strong physical and emotional presence deserves better. All things considered, it\'s one of the best things he\'s done.\" Eleanor Ringel of *The Atlanta Journal-Constitution* said that the film \"burns itself out well before it\'s done\" even though Scott Glenn \"manages to strike a few sparks along the way.\" John H. Richardson of the *Los Angeles Daily News* called *Man on Fire* \"a pretentious revenge picture.\" He argued that since the film is \"basically just another *Death Wish*, \[\...\] directed with the crawling elegiac pace and visual luxury of a big-budget European art film,\" it demonstrates \"the worst of both worlds.\" Desmond Ryan of *The Philadelphia Inquirer*, who gave the film two stars, said *Man on Fire* is an extremely empty film\" and \"For all the movie\'s handsome gloss, I doubt if we are missing much.\"
Bill Kaufman of *Newsday* said that the film was \"suspenseful, with some exciting moments despite the choppy direction.\" Kaufman argued that the film \"plods along for its first half-hour or so, dwelling too long\" on the relationship between Creasy and Sam, but \"things pick up, and the movie\'s tempo changes dramatically\" when Sam\'s kidnapping occurs, and \"only then does the picture come into its own as a suspense film with some taut moments.\" Kaufman said that people who like action films would find *Man on Fire* entertaining.
According to the *Times of Malta* obituary of A. J. Quinnell, he and the cinema-going public were not satisfied with the film. Quinnell said that the film \"was so bad it became a cult movie in a European country. The director had never read the book and when I travelled to Paris to see the finished product I couldn\'t recognise anything I wrote.\" Quinnell was much happier with the 2004 version of film, which was a major box office success. Sachs said that he consulted a young expert of A. J. Quinnell books about the film, and that the individual said, \"About all they kept was the title. What garbage!\" except that the individual did not use the word \"garbage.\"
Ringel said that the film \"is actually two movies rather clumsily stitched together\"; she believed the first part was \"a likable character study\" that was the superior portion of the film while the remainder was \"a routine vigilante flick\" that had the \"most distracting production design\". Ringel added that *Man on Fire* is part artsy European, part shoot-\'em-up American, and the parts are so self-consciously constructed that they refuse to have anything to do with one another.\" The *Lexington Herald-Leader* said that the film \"veers erratically between existential meditation and conventional vengeance drama.\"
### Visuals
Eleanor Ringel of *The Atlanta Journal-Constitution* says that Creasy \"introduces himself to us in a *Sunset Boulevard*--style opening.\"
Desmond Ryan of *The Philadelphia Inquirer* said that the director \"has invested a great deal of care in making *Man on Fire* visually interesting\". John H. Richardson of the *Los Angeles Daily News* said \"One thing you have to say for *Man on Fire*: If they gave an Oscar for best location scouting, this film should win it. From a palazzo on Lake Como to a huge sun-lit industrial loft to a cavernous underground boat dock, this film has some of the best-looking backgrounds of the year.\" Caryn James of *The New York Times* said that the film \"is so full of rain it looks like monsoon season on Lake Como, but that makes as much sense as anything else the director and co-writer Elie Chouraqui has imagined.\" Ryan said that \"\[t\]he settings and camera-work owe much to Ridley Scott and his disciples, but Chouraqui has forgotten that what you hear matters as much as what you see.\" Ryan added that \"\[t\]he connections from scene to scene are always arbitrary and occasionally incomprehensible, giving *Man on Fire* the feel of a movie that was drastically edited\".
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# Man on Fire (1987 film)
## Reception
### Casting
Eleanor Ringel of *The Atlanta Journal-Constitution* said that the director \"obviously has an excellent eye for actors but no idea how to use them once he\'s cast them.\" Ringel said that the characters Jane Balletto and Michael, played respectively by Brooke Adams and Jonathan Pryce, each are in two scenes and have about four lines of dialog. Michael Spies of the *Houston Chronicle* said, \"As often happens in these international productions, actors make hello-goodbye appearances, including Brooke Adams, who has perhaps one line as the girl\'s mother, and Jonathan Pryce, who has maybe a couple more as a representative of the family business.\" James said, \"Blink a few times and you\'ll miss Brooke Adams as Sam\'s mother, and Danny Aiello as the American ringleader of the Italian terrorists.\" Sachs said that Adams and Pryce, who were two of the production\'s top-billed actors, \"have approximately five lines between them\", and that is \"\[a\] sure giveaway\" that the production \"has not enjoyed a trouble-free transition.\" Ryan speculated that the movie may have been severely edited and \"what Pryce and his likewise-underutilized co-stars contributed ended up on the cutting-room floor.\"
Sachs said that Aiello, as Conti, \"sounds Italian when he\'s demanding dough and American when he\'s begging for his life.\" In the entire film, Conti has one scene where he speaks. Kaufman said that Aiello, as Conti, \"is suitably sinister\".
Samantha compares Creasy and herself to the main characters of *Of Mice and Men*, George Milton and Lenny Small. In regards to Samantha, James stated that \"this literary child breaks through Creasy\'s tough-guy defenses.\" Sachs said that Samantha is \"a survivor in her own right - of a troubled marriage, having no friends, etc.\" but that she is \"too smart and adorable to resist.\" Richardson said \"\[t\]hey talk about the works of John Steinbeck and the fine points of jogging, and before you can say \'Lolita\', the pair are involved in a kind of romance.\" Kaufman said that Malle portrays Sam \"with appealing, moppet-like charm\".
Ryan said \"How - or why - anyone would recruit an actor of the caliber of \[Pryce\] and then give him just a few lines on the telephone is anyone\'s guess.\"
Richardson said that Adams\'s role is a \"cameo.\"
#### Creasy
Bill Kaufman of *Newsday* said that the \"sullen and taciturn\" Creasy appears \"a bit shaggy\" and \"doesn\'t seem much like a tough guy.\" John H. Richardson of the *Los Angeles Daily News* said that in the beginning of the film, Creasy is \"a morbid guy\" who has an appearance \"like a thinner Chuck Norris, but he has these huge bags under his eyes and a twitch in his cheek, and he tends to stare off into the distance with the cosmic gloom of someone who has Seen the Darkness in the Human Soul.\" Kaufman added that the actor, as Creasy, \"is a bit reminiscent of Chuck Norris.\" Eleanor Ringel of *The Atlanta Journal-Constitution* said that the actor as Creasy, \"with his scruffy beard and melancholy eyes\", \"calls to mind Max von Sydow as Christ in *The Greatest Story Ever Told*.
Caryn James of *The New York Times* said that compared to other films he starred in, Scott \"has less presence than usual here.\" Ringel concluded that \"\[e\]xcellent actor that he is, he lends power and authority to this disjointed work, but even he can\'t pull together a script that\'s heading off in opposite directions. After a while, you figure he took the part because the idea of a paid vacation in Italy was too appealing to pass up.\" Desmond Ryan of *The Philadelphia Inquirer* said that while \"Glenn is quite capable of livening up humbler movie genres \[\...\] the muddle of pretension and largely incoherent action here is beyond his redemptive powers\" and \"\[a\]t least Glenn has been asked to do something, which is more than can be claimed by anyone else in the cast.\" Kaufman said that Glenn \"turns in a creditable performance as the driven man
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# ToniCol
**ToniCol** is a naturally flavoured vanilla soft drink manufactured in Mexico. It is most popular in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, especially in the city of Mazatlán, though it can be found typically in the western states, such as Jalisco and Baja California.
## Name
The name ToniCol comes from the man who invented its formula: Antonio Espinosa de los Montero from Rosario, Sinaloa, around 1870. It is a blend of the shortened form of his first name \"Toni\" and the drink \"Cola\", even though ToniCol is not strictly speaking a cola but is actually a cream soda due to its vanilla flavour. The name of the soft drink is most often spelled ToniCol, although in the past several ways were used, and older bottles and/or publications may include any of the following: \"Toni Col\", \"Toni-Col\", and \"Tonicol\".
The soda\'s slogan is \"*ToniCol \.....es diferente*\" (which translates to \"ToniCol \.....is different\"), although the slogan provided on bilingual bottles is \"ToniCol \.....it\'s different!\". The website slogan has instead \"*se diferente*\" at the end which drastically changes the slogan to \"be different.\" Previous slogans include \"*ToniCol\..... el refresco diferente*\" (\"ToniCol\... the different soft drink\").
## Production
ToniCol is bottled in Rosario, Sinaloa, by El Manantial S.A. de C.V., also known as \"El Rosario.\" It is one of the few independent bottlers in Mexico today.
## Ingredients
The soft drink\'s recipe calls for almost all-natural ingredients, including \"concentrated natural vanilla extract\", citric acid, sodium benzoate as well as sugar rather than corn syrup.
ToniCol has now also released a \"diet\" formulation which contains Splenda (sucralose) in lieu of natural sugar
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# PBA Most Valuable Player award
The **Philippine Basketball Association Most Valuable Player** (**MVP**) is an annual Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) award given since the start of the league in 1975 to the best performing player of the season. The award is decided using criteria introduced since the 2011--12 season, which include accumulated statistical points, votes from media, players and the league\'s Commissioner\'s Office. The current holder of the award is June Mar Fajardo.
The season MVP is for the *whole* season, which has two to three conferences, including the regular season, the playoffs and the Finals, while there is a Best Player of the Conference award for each conference, and a Best Import award for conferences where imports are allowed to play.
June Mar Fajardo won the MVP award a record eight times, while both Ramon Fernandez and Alvin Patrimonio won the award four times. Benjie Paras remains the only rookie to have ever won the award to date, which he did during the `{{pbay|1989}}`{=mediawiki} season.
As with the other annual awards given by the league, the winner receives The Leo Trophy, which is named in honor of Leo Prieto, the first commissioner of the PBA who served from 1975 until his retirement in 1983.
## Criteria
The criteria used since the 2022--23 PBA season are as follows:
- 45% average statistical points
- 30% press and media votes
- 25% players\' votes
Statistical points (SP) are computed as follows:
- 1 SP for every point scored, rebound assist, steal and shot blocked.
- 10 bonus points for every game won where the player played up to the semifinals.
- 15 bonus points for every game won where the player played in the Finals
- Deduction of 1 SP for every turnover, 5 SP for every technical or flagrant foul without ejection, and 15 SP for any technical or flagrant foul that results in an ejection.
In addition, a Filipino player can only be eligible for awards if he played in at least 70% of his team\'s games.
MVP voting begins at the start of the Finals series of the last conference. All statistical points gathered from all levels of competition (elimination/classification round and playoffs) are included.
### Previous criteria {#previous_criteria}
The winner was selected by the following format (before 2006):
- 30% cumulative statistical points (points, rebounds, assists, blocks, turnovers etc.)
- 30% press and media votes
- 30% players\' votes
- 10% four-man committee (representatives from the PBA Photographer\'s Group, SCOOP, the TV coverer and the Philippine Sportswriters Association)
With controversies with the selections, a new format was created starting at the 2006--07 season:
- 30% average statistical points
- 30% press and media votes
- 25% players\' votes
- 10% TV coverer
- 5% Commissioner\'s Office
The criteria used since from the 2011--12 PBA season until the 2021 PBA season are as follows:
- 40% average statistical points
- 30% press and media votes
- 25% players\' votes
- 5% Commissioner\'s Office
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# PBA Most Valuable Player award
## Winners
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------
\^ Denotes player who is still active in the PBA
\* Inducted into the PBA Hall of Fame
Player (X) Denotes the number of times the player has been named MVP
Team (X) Denotes the number of times a player from this team has won
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------
Season Player Position Country of birth Team Ref.
-------- --------------- -------------------------------- ------------------ ------------------------------------ ------
\* Small forward Crispa Redmanizers
\* (2) Small forward Crispa Redmanizers (2)
\* Small forward / Shooting guard Crispa Redmanizers (3)
\* Point guard Toyota Super Corollas
\* Shooting guard Crispa Redmanizers (4)
\* Power forward Crispa Redmanizers (5)
\* (3) Small forward U/Tex Wranglers
\* Center / Power forward Toyota Super Corollas (2)
\* Center Crispa Redmanizers (6)
\* (2) Center / Power forward Beer Hausen Brewmasters
\* Point guard Great Taste Coffee Makers
\* (3) Center / Power forward Tanduay Rhum Makers
\* (2) Center San Miguel Beermen
\* (4) Center / Power forward San Miguel Beermen (2)
\* Center Formula Shell Zoom Masters
\* Shooting guard Presto Tivolis
\* Power forward Purefoods Tender Juicy Hotdogs
Shooting guard / Point guard San Miguel Beermen (3)
\* (2) Power forward Purefoods Tender Juicy Hotdogs (2)
\* (3) Power forward Purefoods Tender Juicy Hotdogs (3)
Shooting guard / Small forward Sunkist Orange Juicers
Point guard Alaska Milkmen
\* (4) Power forward Purefoods Carne Norte Beefies (4)
Small forward / Shooting guard Alaska Milkmen (2)
\* (2) Center Shell Velocity (2)
Power forward / Center San Miguel Beermen (4)
\(2\) Power forward / Center San Miguel Beermen (5)
Shooting guard Red Bull Thunder
Center Talk \'N Text Phone Pals
Power forward / Center Barangay Ginebra Kings
\^ Shooting guard / Small forward Purefoods Chunkee Giants (5)
\(2\) Shooting guard Alaska Aces (3)
\^ Power forward Sta
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# Fannin South station
**Fannin South** is an island platformed METRORail light rail station in Houston, Texas, United States. The station was opened on January 1, 2004, and is operated by the Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County, Texas (METRO). Serving as the southern terminus of the Red Line, this is located at the intersection of Fannin Street and West Bellfort Avenue, and is co-located with the **Fannin South Transit Center** facility, which is located close to Interstate 610.
## Services
The single island platform, includes two shelters are located on the platform covering small seating areas, featuring custom made ceramic panels created by artist Jonathan Brown. In having 1,437 spaces, this station is the only one along the Red Line with a designated parking facility operated by METRO (although others are located near private lots garages). The trip to the Northline Transit Center/HCC station takes 52 minutes with trains operating a six-minute intervals during weekdays, at twelve-minute intervals during the evenings and weekend mornings/afternoons, and at twenty-minute intervals at night.
## History
In December 1999, METRO officially announced the proposed alignment of what would become Houston\'s first light rail line. At the time of its announcement, METRO had conceptually indicated that there would be a station constructed at Fannin South with a park & ride only if an arrangement could not be reached with Harris County to utilize the parking lot at the Astrodome. Ultimately, the station would be constructed and in July 2001 the station was officially named Fannin South by the METRO Board.
As a result of construction of both the station and METRO\'s rail yard and shop facility, the city moved forward with a \$2.4 million expansion of Fannin Street to allow for easier access to the station from Interstate 610. The station commenced operations on January 1, 2004.
There have been major plans to build a transit-oriented development (or TOD), at the Fannin South station [1](http://www.dpz.com/project.aspx?type=7&Project_Number=7082&Project_Name=Fannin+Station)
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# List of big bands
While the Big Band Era suggests that big bands flourished for a short period, they have been a part of jazz music since their emergence in the 1920s when white concert bands adopted the rhythms and musical forms of small African-American jazz combos. While their place in popular culture dimmed greatly since their heyday in WWII, modern big band has made a resurgence, with the Roy Hargrove Big Band nominated for a Grammy and the Christian McBride Big Band winning a Grammy in 2012.
## A
- Ray Anthony & His Orchestra
- Toshiko Akiyoshi -- Lew Tabackin Big Band
- Antibalas Afrobeat Orchestra - afrobeat
- Darcy James Argue\'s Secret Society - jazz, steampunk
- Ariya Astrobeat Arkestra - afrobeat
- Louis Armstrong and His Orchestra
## B
- BBC Big Band - jazz
- BBC Northern Dance Orchestra - swing music
- Charlie Barnet Big Band - jazz, swing
- Count Basie Orchestra - jazz, swing
- Beantown Swing Orchestra - swing
- Louie Bellson
- Tex Beneke Orchestra
- Berlin Jazz Orchestra
- Berlin Contemporary Jazz Orchestra -- free jazz
- Bill Berry
- Big Band Jazz de México
- The Birdland Big Band - jazz
- Carla Bley Big Band and The Very Big Carla Bley Band -- jazz, post bop
- Bohuslän Big Band - jazz
- Rob McConnell\'s Boss Brass - jazz
- Anthony Braxton\'s Creative Music Orchestra
- Les Brown and His Band of Renown - swing
- Ray Brown\'s Great Big Band - jazz
- Brussels Jazz Orchestra - jazz
## C
- The Cab Calloway Orchestra
- The Capp-Pierce Juggernaut
- Ralph Carmichael Big Band
- Benny Carter
- Casa Loma Orchestra
- Cherry Poppin\' Daddies (revival)
- Chopteeth - afrobeat
- Crescent Super Band - Jazz, Jump Swing, Modern Big Band, Swing Revival, Great American Songbook
- [Columbus Jazz Orchestra](https://www.jazzartsgroup.org/)
- Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band
- Clayton-Hamilton Jazz Orchestra
- Ray Conniff
- Spade Cooley - jazz, swing
- Coon-Sanders Original Nighthawk Orchestra
- Del Courtney
- Bob Crosby
## D
- Dallas Jazz Orchestra
- John Dankworth Big Band - jazz, film music
- Sam Donahue and his orchestra
- Pierre Dørge\'s New Jungle Orchestra
- The Dorsey Brothers - jazz
- Jimmy Dorsey and His Orchestra
- Tommy Dorsey and His Orchestra
- DR Big Band - jazz
- Eddy Duchin and His Orchestra
- Doc Perkins
## E
- Billy Eckstine Orchestra - jazz, swing, bebop
- Ray Eberle and His Orchestra
- Either/Orchestra
- Duke Ellington and His Orchestra - jazz, orchestral jazz, swing
- Les Elgart
- Larry Elgart
- The Don Ellis Orchestra
- Ziggy Elman and His Orchestra
- Gil Evans & His Monday Night Orchestra a.o. -- jazz, third stream, fusion jazz
## F
- Maynard Ferguson
- Shep Fields and His Rippling Rhythm
- Ralph Flanagan Big Band - jazz
- Bob Florence\'s Limited Edition
- The Flying Horse Big Band (formerly the UCF Jazz Ensemble I) - jazz, swing, Afro-Cuban jazz, Latin jazz
## G
- Michael Gibbs Orchestra
- Jean Goldkette
- Dizzy Gillespie and His Orchestra - jazz, bebop, Afro-Cuban jazz
- Globe Unity Orchestra -- free jazz
- Benny Goodman and His Orchestra - jazz, swing
- Gordon Goodwin\'s Big Phat Band - jazz, swing music rhythm and blues
- George Gruntz Concert Jazz Band
- GRP All-Star Big Band
- Georgia Big Band[1](https://georgiabigband
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# Chris Balderstone
**John Christopher Balderstone** (16 November 1940 -- 6 March 2000) was an English professional in cricket and football, and one of the last sportsmen to combine both sports over a prolonged period. He played football as a midfielder for Huddersfield Town, Carlisle United, Doncaster Rovers and Queen of the South. He played and umpired in first-class cricket making it to international level -- he played in two Tests in 1976 and umpired in two ODIs between 1994 and 1998. In a long club career, he was a key part of the five trophy winning Leicestershire side of the early and mid-1970s.
## Football career {#football_career}
### Huddersfield Town {#huddersfield_town}
Balderstone\'s football career started with Huddersfield Town where he was signed by Bill Shankly in May 1958. He made 117 Football League appearances for Huddersfield, and played a total of 131 senior games for them (scoring 25 goals).
### Carlisle United {#carlisle_united}
In June 1965 he moved for £7,000 to Carlisle United who had just been promoted to the second tier of English football for the first time in their history. As Balderstone later said, \"They gave me a bit of stick at first because I wasn\'t the quickest player or the hardest tackler. I used to think I made up for it with speed of thought and control of the ball. I always had confidence in my ability and I knew there\'d be somebody in the crowd who appreciated a bit of skill. I won them over and they were very good to me after that.\"
He scored on his debut, a 4--1 home win over Norwich City, which gave him the distinction of scoring the club\'s first ever goal in the second level of English football. He stayed with Carlisle for the next 11 years, the club\'s most successful period where not only was he a key player but also became club captain.
His most notable cup run was in the 1969--70 League Cup where Carlisle made it to the semi-final. He enjoyed other successes in cup competitions, \"In 1970 we beat Manchester City in the League Cup when they had Lee, Bell and Summerbee. And in \'74 we beat Sunderland at Roker Park in the FA Cup when they were the Cup holders. We played against Liverpool in the next round and took them to a replay.\"
In 1973--74 Balderstone enjoyed promotion to the First Division, then the highest level in the English football pyramid. It was Balderstone\'s penalty against Pat Jennings and Tottenham Hotspur that had Carlisle briefly topping England\'s Football League after the first 3 games of the 1974--75 season. However, Carlisle were relegated at the end of the season, the only relegation in Balderstone\'s career. In all he made 376 League appearances for the Cumbrian club.
### Doncaster Rovers and Queen of the South {#doncaster_rovers_and_queen_of_the_south}
Balderstone joined Doncaster Rovers after his top-level season with Carlisle. It was when with Rovers he became the only player to play League Football and first-class cricket on the same day (see Cricket Career under Leicestershire section).
Balderstone\'s next club was in Scotland. \"Queen of the South rang me up. Carlisle used to play practice matches against them and they remembered me. I caught the train to Dumfries from Leicester every Friday night. It was quite a trek but it gave me another couple of years football.\" When George Cloy and Crawford Boyd were each later interviewed for the Queen of the South website, each commented on Balderstone\'s ability with the ball. Cloy in particular said Balderstone\'s passing ability was the best in Cloy\'s entire career at Queens.
He later played for non-league Enderby Town.
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# Chris Balderstone
## Cricket career {#cricket_career}
### Yorkshire
Balderstone first appeared for Yorkshire on 10 June 1961.
### Leicestershire
Balderstone later remembered, \"Ray Illingworth took me to Leicestershire. I might be a decent bloke on the outside but he knew I was mentally hard through football. Cricketers might think they\'re pretty hard but they\'re not compared to footballers. It was a great move for me.\"
Leicestershire won their first-ever trophy in 1972, the inaugural Benson and Hedges Cup at Lord\'s, and Balderstone took the man of the match Gold Award. He scored 41 not out and steered the team to the trophy. This marked the beginning of a golden era for Leicestershire, with 5 trophies in 5 seasons, and Balderstone was at the core of the side.
In 1973 Balderstone played his first full season of cricket and jumped right to the front-rank of English batsmen, making 1,222 runs at an average of 42. He passed the 1,000-run mark in 10 of the next 12 seasons, batting either in the middle order or as an opening batsman. His runs were an important part of Leicestershire\'s first County Championship success in 1975, and he weighed in with 43 useful wickets in that season too.
In 1974, he top scored for his side in the Benson and Hedges final but they were defeated by Surrey. However, they did win the Sunday League, bettering their runners-up spot of two years before.
Balderstone made history on 15 September 1975 by taking part in a County Championship match and a Football League game on the same day. Balderstone was 51 not out against Derbyshire at the end of day two of Leicestershire\'s match at Chesterfield. After close of play he changed into his football kit to play for Doncaster Rovers in an evening match 30 miles away (a 1--1 draw with Brentford). He then returned to Chesterfield the following morning to complete a century and take three wickets to help wrap up Leicestershire\'s first ever County Championship title. In 1977 Leicestershire won their last trophy in this period, a second Sunday League victory.
Among his many personal notes was in 1976 when he did the hat-trick against Sussex at Eastbourne. Five years later, against Essex at Grace Road, Leicestershire\'s home ground, he shared an unbroken county record second wicket stand of 289 with David Gower.
Having had a delayed cricket career, Balderstone played on for Leicestershire into his mid-40s without noticeably losing batting form or his fielding athleticism. Though he bowled less frequently from 1980 onwards, his batting helped take Leicestershire to runners up in the 1982 County Championship. He picked up a sixth and final winners\' medal with a third Benson & Hedges victory in 1985. This makes him winner of the highest number of medals in the club\'s history. Balderstone was given a testimonial benefit season in 1984 and played on for Leicestershire until 1986.
Balderstone was one of ten members of Leicestershire\'s first County Championship winning team in 1975 to have a road in Leicester named after him by the city council. Peter Booth, Brian Davison, Barry Dudleston, Ken Higgs, David Humphries, Ray Illingworth Norman McVicker, John Steele and Roger Tolchard were the others. Jack Birkenshaw, Graham McKenzie and Mick Norman missed out as there were already roads using their surnames.
### England
In 1976, Balderstone was called into the England Test team to make his international debut aged 35 having focused in his younger days on football. Against other international sides he might have played more Tests, for he was chosen on the strength of consistent quality performances for Leicestershire. It was his misfortune, however, to come up against the West Indies just as they were reaching that level of intimidation they were to maintain for the next two decades. Against the fearsome pace of Andy Roberts and Michael Holding he struggled, like so many other English batsmen: his four innings produced only 39 runs. He did though score 35 from sticking it out for `{{frac|3|1|2}}`{=mediawiki} hours at the crease on his test debut. In his second test, at a parched Oval, he encountered Michael Holding and one of the finest individual fast-bowling performances in history -- Holding took 14 wickets in the test. Opposing fast bowler Vanburn Holder later said, \"I played against him when we had a pretty ferocious attack and he never blinked. He had plenty of courage.\"
### Umpire
Balderstone moved directly into umpiring the season after he stopped playing, standing in two One Day Internationals in the mid-1990s.
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# Chris Balderstone
## Death
Chris Balderstone died suddenly at his home in Carlisle on 6 March 2000, having suffered from prostate cancer.
Barrie Leadbeater, the umpires\' chairman and a close friend, said: \"He was a fine, positive player who won a lot of friends by his approach. He was a gentleman in everything he did on and off the field and his death came as a tremendous shock. He will be sadly missed. There was a refreshing honesty about everything he did and he was a true sportsman of the like we don\'t see today.\"
Holder, like Balderstone, became an umpire and stood in Balderstone\'s last game as an umpire, at the St Lawrence Ground, Canterbury. Holder said: \"He was a great companion, a fine umpire and an exceptional sportsman
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# Mike Selvey
**Michael Walter William Selvey** (born 25 April 1948) is an English former Test and county cricketer, and now a cricket writer and commentator.
A fast-medium bowler, Selvey played in three Tests for England in 1976 and 1977. He played county cricket for Surrey, Middlesex and Glamorgan.
He served as the 25th President of Middlesex (2019--2023).
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Selvey was educated at Honeywell Primary School, Battersea Grammar School, the University of Manchester and Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He played cricket for Surrey and Cambridge University before joining Middlesex in 1972, where he spent the majority of his playing career.
Selvey made his Test debut against the West Indies at Old Trafford in 1976, when he opened the bowling and took the wickets of Roy Fredericks, Viv Richards and Alvin Kallicharran for only six runs in his first 20 balls. He took 4 for 41 in that innings, and 6 for 152 in the match, but still ended on the losing side as England were beaten by 425 runs.
He only played two more Tests and failed to take a single wicket in either, in part due to Alan Knott dropping a routine chance from Roy Fredericks in Selvey\'s second Test at the Oval in the same year; the West Indies went on to make 687.
Despite playing no international cricket after 1977, Selvey was a key part of a Middlesex attack that won the County Championship outright three times (1976, 1980 and 1982) and shared the title once (1977). He was also in the Middlesex teams that won two Gillette Cups, in 1977 (when his figures were 12-4-22-2) and in 1980 in a London derby final against Surrey, when he again bowled a tight spell (12-5-17-2) to restrict the opposition. Selvey took 101 first-class wickets for Middlesex in the 1978 season, a feat that has not been matched by any Middlesex fast bowler since.
Selvey features in Mike Brearley\'s *The Art of Captaincy* and is quoted by Brearley as lamenting his notable skills as an into-the-wind bowler by remarking that his nose seemed to get flatter every year, as he would invariably be asked to bowl into the wind whilst Wayne Daniel and Vince van der Bijl bowled downhill with the wind behind them.
In 1983 he moved to Glamorgan as captain, but persistent injuries forced him to retire after only a season and a half.
Shortly after his retirement from playing cricket, Selvey became cricket correspondent of *The Guardian* newspaper. He retired on 23 September 2016 after 31 years in the role.
He also joined BBC Radio\'s *Test Match Special* as a summariser, beginning with England\'s 1984 tour to India; he continued with this role until being dropped from the team in 2008. Selvey has since become a summariser and guest on Talksport.
## Publications
- [*The Ashes Surrendered: The Guardian Book of the 1989 Ashes Series*](https://books.google
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# Foxearth
**Foxearth** is a village and civil parish on the borders of north Essex and Suffolk in England, between Long Melford and Cavendish. The neighbouring parishes are Borley, Belchamp Walter, Belchamp Otten, Liston and Pentlow. In 2001 the parish had a population of 303.
## History
Foxearth is an ancient settlement in north Essex. The parish is about 7 mi in circumference; 3 mi from Sudbury seven from Halstead, and 56 mi from London. The lands are very good loamy clay soil. Foxearth has always been predominantly agricultural, and had its own watermill that originally fell within a separate parish, Weston, until the year 1286, when the two manors became united.
In the reign of Edward the Confessor, the parish was in the possession of nineteen sochmen and four freemen; The Domesday survey shows that the small manor of Foxearth Hall, had become the property of Richard Fitz-Gilbert, ancestor of the lords of Clare.
Literally \"fox's den\", the village is recorded as Focsearde in the Domesday Book (1086) and mediaeval spellings varied somewhat --- Foxherde (1202), and Foxherthe (1232), Foxhierd (1221 & 1428), Foxhole (1212 and 1314), Foxhierd (1246), also Foxhirde (1246), Foxerht (1261), Foxeyerde (1294), Foxherne (1362), Foxhorn (1363), Foxzerd (1428) and finally Foxearth (1594).
Until the mid-nineteenth century, Foxearth was a typical agricultural village. The village was transformed by wealthy vicar, Rev. John Foster. In order to loosen the grip of the farmers on the community, Foster funded a brewery in the village in 1878 to provide alternative employment. The brewery was run by three generations of the Ward family. Under the Wards\' influence, the village was rebuilt in red brick, with flint walls, with the brewery providing employment. It was one of the pioneers in the production of bottled beers and also produced several non-alcoholic bottled drinks. The brewery was sold to Taylor Walker & Co in 1957, and the last brew of 62 oilbbl of Small Best Bitter Ale was made on 19 February the following year. Although the brewery was bought back in a reverse takeover bid in 1960, it was sold again by the Ward family in 1963 to Charrington United Breweries. The brewery site was sold in 1988 with the final demolition of the building begun in the 1990s. It is now a housing estate.
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# Foxearth
## St. Peter and St. Paul\'s church {#st._peter_and_st._pauls_church}
The parish church of St. Peter and St. Paul\'s stands on the east side of the village. The walls are of flint rubble with stone dressings, and the roofs with tile and lead. The church has a tower, nave, with a north aisle, and formerly a south aisle, and a chancel; adjoining the north side of which is Kemp\'s Chapel, which belongs to the hall.
The whole building is of stone, and at the west end there is a square tower with eight bells (now dormant save the automatic clock chimes) and which formerly had a spire. The nave is of uncertain date, but circa 1350 a north aisle was added and the chancel was rebuilt. The north aisle was rebuilt and widened around 1450, and Kemp\'s Chapel was added; the chancel arch was possibly removed at the same time. The west tower was added in 1862 by Rev John Foster, and the church was restored and the south porch added at around the same time.
The chancel, 29 ft by 18 ft, has an east window of *c.* 1350, and of the three cinquefoiled ogee lights with leaf tracery in a two-centred head; the internal and external labels are chamfered. In the north wall is a Victorian doorway, and further west a two-centred arch of *c.* 1450 and two hollow chamfered orders; the responds are moulded and shafted, with moulded bases and capitals. In the south wall are two windows; the eastern is of *c.*1350, partly restored and of two cinquefoiled lights with tracery in a segmental pointed head, under a chamfered label; the western window is Victorian, except the internal splays and hollow chamfered rear arch, which are of the 15th century. Between the windows is a Victorian doorway. There is no chancel arch, but between the chancel and the nave is a chamfered and moulded beam, probably of the 15th century
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# Night Train (novel)
***Night Train*** (1997) is a comedic parody of American detective novels by the author Martin Amis, named after the song \"Night Train\", which features twice in the novel.
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
This book is told from the perspective of Detective Mike Hoolihan, a female detective who is charged with the task of finding the motivation for Jennifer Rockwell\'s suicide (she shot herself in the head three times, supposedly). Jennifer, a beautiful astrophysicist with a seemingly perfect life, seems to have had no reason to kill herself. Thematically, the book touches on cosmology and chaos theory, and their relation to the human condition as a possible motive for suicide.
Hoolihan is a recovering alcoholic and former homicide detective who lives with an obese man named Tobe in an unnamed American city. She reveals that she had been sexually abused as a child, revolted violently against the abuse at the age of ten, and then pursued a number of affairs with abusive or unworthy men. Despite her disadvantages, she becomes a successful detective before her illness forces her to accept less demanding work seizing assets from criminals. Her experiences lead her to examine gender roles in police work.
Her former boss, mentor and personal friend \"Colonel\" Tom Rockwell, asks her to investigate the apparent suicide of his daughter Jennifer who, as a beautiful, intelligent, cheerful, popular woman, had no obvious reason for taking her own life. Rockwell suspects Jennifer\'s lover Trader Faulkner, a distinguished academic, of murdering Jennifer. Hoolihan attempts to pressure Faulkner into confessing, but fails. She discovers that Jennifer was taking lithium, met a philandering salesman in the bar of a local hotel, and made uncharacteristic mistakes at work shortly before her death. Hoolihan then deduces that these factors are merely \"blinds\" - or clues - deliberately planted by Jennifer for the benefit of an investigation at the behest of her father. Hoolihan concludes that these blinds are meant either to provide the less astute investigator with a sense of \"closure\", or to indicate a greater bleakness, or nihilism. After breaking down while attempting to communicate her findings to Rockwell - who immediately expresses his concern - Hoolihan heads for the nearest bar, knowing that the alcohol will kill her.
## Film
The novel was adapted into the 2018 film *Out of Blue*, written and directed by Carol Morley and starring Patricia Clarkson
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# San Rafael, Sinaloa
**San Rafael** is a small town located about 15 minutes southeast of Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico. The small town was flooded (around the year 1987 according to a local) because of a broken dike. The government helped the city rebuild
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# Kaduru
**Kaduru**, also known as **Kadur**, is a town in the district and a taluk in Chikmagalur district, in Karnataka. It is located at 13.553345 N 76.011260 E in the rain shadow region of western ghats in the Malenadu region. Most of the taluk is dry, unlike much of the district. Kadur is known for areca nut and also coconut production.
It is now, the second largest town in the district and also the former capital of Kadur district (Cuddoor district). The capital was moved to Chikmagalur in 1865, but the district name remained. Later in 1947, the district was renamed as Chikmagalur district.
## History
Inscriptions note that Jains settled in what is present-day Kadur during the reign of the Western Gangas. The region then came under the Hoysala Kingdom and subsequently the Vijayanagara Empire. During this period, the 14th-century, the lands around the hills of Yemmedoddi were conferred upon a dependent named Mada Nayak. When he went hunting one day, he was pursued by an elk (`{{Translation|''Kadave''}}`{=mediawiki}), which led him to lay the foundation of a fort, called *Kad-uru* (elk town).
The town, which served as the headquarters of a taluk of the same name, then passed on to the hands of the Nayakas of Keladi. Kadur taluk, along with Yagati, were then taken by the Mysore Kings, who gave it to chief of Tarikere, in return for services rendered by him. However, Hyder Ali annexed the taluk to Mysore. Later, by 1835, Yagati was absorbed into Kadur taluk. In 1876, Kadur and Banavara were formed into one taluk, named after Banavara, which was the chief town. In 1882, Kadur was once again made the headquarters of the taluk, and in 1886, on the formation of the neighbouring Arsikere taluk, Kadur taluk was reconstituted. This time, Sakrepatna and portions of the Banavara taluk were added to it.
## Demographics
India census, Kadur had a population of 35436. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Kadur has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 73%, and female literacy is 63%. In Kadur, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.
## Geography
Kadur is located in the eastern part of Chikmagalur district, which has a semi-arid climate. Its elevation is around 760 metres above the mean sea level. It has a dry climate with annual rainfall less than 750 mm.
In 2022, Kadur hobli received an annual rainfall of 1004 mm, which was excess by 57%. Meanwhile, both Sakharayapatna and Panchanahalli hoblis received 1130 mm of rainfall each; highest in Kadur taluk.
However the whole part of Kadur taluk doesn\'t belongs to Malenadu region only the western and southwestern regions of Kadur taluk, i.e, Hoblies of Kadur, Birur and Sakharayapatna, belongs to semi Malnad region or (Are malenadu) region, and it has a unique blend of Malnad (hilly) and Bayaluseeme (plains) regions. Though traditionally not considered entirely Malnad, certain parts of Kadur exhibit Malnad characteristics, especially areas with higher elevations and lush greenery.
Kadur lies in the transition zone between the Malnad and Bayaluseeme regions. The western and southwestern parts have hilly terrains, while the eastern regions are more plain. The taluk\'s landscape includes small hills, farmlands, and patches of forest.
### Roads and Railway {#roads_and_railway}
Kadur lies on the old popular \"BH Road\" which is now a part of National Highway 69 (India)(formerly NH-206). Another major highway passing through Kadur is National Highway 173 (India).
Kadur railway junction lies on Bangalore-Arsikere-Hubli line.
The nearest international airport is KIAL, Bengaluru.
## Colleges in Kadur {#colleges_in_kadur}
- Government Pre-University College, B.H Road, Kadur-577548
- Government First Grade College, B.H Road, Kadur-577548
- Kuvempu university PG Center, Gedlehalli, B.H Road, Kadur-577548
### Training schools in Kadur {#training_schools_in_kadur}
1. Police Training School, Gedlehalli, B.H Road, Kadur-577548
2. Government Tool Room & Training Center, B.H Road, Kadur-577548
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# Kaduru
## Nearby places {#nearby_places}
- Ayyanakere Lake: 22 km from Kadur town.
- Madagadakere Lake: 15 km away from Kadur town.
- Hirenalluru : 15 km north east of Kadur, Hirenalluru is known for the Mallikarjuna Temple built in 8th century by Gangas. Later the Hoysala king Ballala II renovated this temple.
- Mullayyanagiri: 67 km west of Kadur, Highest peak in Karnataka With a height of 1,925 metres (6,316 ft).
- Diamond falls: 26 km west of Kadur in Kamenahalli.
- Shri Ranganathaswamy Temple Hogarehalli: 18 km North of Kadur via Birur.
- Shri Someshwara Temple Khandugada halli: 12 km East of Kadur via malleshwara Village.
- Shri Hemagiri Mallikarjuna swamy Temple Hemagiri betta: 16 km south of Kadur NH-206 Bangalore road
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# April Skies (album)
***April Skies*** is the 8th studio album by the electronic band Deine Lakaien. It was released in 2005.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Over and Done\" -- 5:12
2. \"Slowly Comes My Night\" -- 4:24
3. \"Secret Hideaway\" -- 4:19
4. \"Supermarket (My Angel)\" -- 5:23
5. \"Midnight Sun\" -- 4:25
6. \"Satellite\" -- 4:43
7. \"Take a Chance\" -- 4:53
8. \"Heart Made to Be Mine\" -- 4:01
9. \"Vivre\" -- 5:39
10. \"When You Lose\" -- 3:52
11. \"Through the Hall\" -- 6:09
12. \"Dialectic\" -- 4:34
13. \"Falling\" (bonus track, only on ltd. Edition)
## Guest musicians {#guest_musicians}
B. Deutung, Ivee Leon, Sharifa, Robert Wilcocks
## Issues with CD {#issues_with_cd}
The cd April Skies released on Capital-EMI contains cd Copying Protection, many people have found that this cd will not play on their car cd-players or in certain stereos. Further, in order to play on ones computer, the cd insists on installing its own sub-par cd-player software. Attempts to \"crack\" the software have received little success. This copy-protection which prevents purchasers from putting the music onto the MP3 player has caused a fan backlash against EMI records with many websites dedicated to people ranting about this problem
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# Mindphaser
***Mindphaser*** is a sampler or \"best of\" album of songs previously released by Klaus Schulze. It was issued by Brain Records in Germany in 1981, three years after Schulze had moved on and created his own label, Innovative Communications. The second track, \"Mindphaser\", was actually an excerpt of \"Floating\" from *Moondawn*. The other tracks were from LPs which were not made available in the United States for years. The album\'s cover art and layout copied the style of recent IC releases. As a result, many Americans thought the album was a new solo effort with original material
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# Daniela Hamaui
**Daniela Hamaui** (born 21 November 1954) is an Italian journalist and was the editor of the Rome-based magazine *\[\[L\'Espresso\]\]* from 2002 to 2010.
Prior to her stint at *L\'espresso*, she was the founding editor of the magazine *D – la Repubblica delle donne*, published since 1996 with the newspaper *\[\[La Repubblica\]\]*. Hamaui has voiced concerns about legislation on telecommunications introduced by the Berlusconi administration and proposed a provision that would temporarily bar the owners of TV stations (including Berlusconi) from buying up print media groups.
Currently she serves as editorial director of the periodicals of *\[\[La Repubblica\]\]*, and has the editorial supervision of various monthlies.
## Biography
Hamaui was born in Cairo, Egypt. She earned a bachelor of arts degree in literature (with specialization in teaching) at Università Statale di Milano in 1978, and then studied at the Institute for Journalism Training in Milan.
She then began to write for *La Repubblica*, *Corriere della Sera* and the cultural pages of *Il Sole 24 ore*. In 1995 she became editor of the monthly *CentoCose* published by Arnoldo Mondadori Editore.
On 15 July 2010 it was announced that Hamaui would serve as editorial director of the magazine *La Repubblica*. She was replaced by Bruno Manfellotto as the editor-in-chief of *L\'Espresso*
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# MK5000C
The **MK5000C** is a 5000 hp North American diesel-electric locomotive developed by MK Rail. At the time of its introduction in 1994, the MK5000C was the most powerful single prime mover diesel-electric locomotive ever made, a title it would hold for only for one year until GE Transportation released its competing 6000 hp AC6000CW model in 1995.
In the early 1990s MK Rail, a long time locomotive remanufacturer, announced its plan to compete directly with Electro-Motive Diesel and GE Transportation by beginning its own high-horsepower locomotive program, starting with a 5000 hp DC drive locomotive and continuing with 5500 hp and 6000 hp AC drive locomotives in later years.
In response to the MKRail program, GE announced the 6000 hp AC drive GE AC6000CW, and EMD announced the 5000 hp EMD SD80MAC, and later the 6000 hp EMD SD90MAC, both which were AC drive locomotives.
## Technical
The MK5000C was powered by the 5000 hp Caterpillar V12 3612 diesel engine. This diesel engine remains one of the largest engine blocks used in rail service in North America. The Cat 3612 features a 280 mm bore with a 300 mm stroke and has a 1121 cuin displacement per cylinder, 13456 cuin total. The 3612 has dual turbochargers that are liquid aftercooled. The 3612 idles at 300 rpm and has a maximum speed of 1000 rpm.
The Caterpillar 3612 drove a Kato 16P12-27000 main alternator which was capable of handling 8400 amperes at 1315 V DC at 1000 rpm. The power generated by the main alternator drove 6 MK1000 traction motors, each with a gear ratio of 83:20 and connected to 40 in wheels which allowed the MK5000C a maximum speed of 70 mph. The MK5000C rode on two 3 axle Dofasco designed bolster-less trucks, the same that many Canadian MLW and GE designed locomotives ride on.
The first 3 MK5000C were 71 ft long, while the last three were 73 ft in length, all six were 15 ft tall and 10 ft wide. The MK5000C weighed 396000 lb.
Like most modern locomotives, the MK5000C was microprocessor controlled, using an in-house designed system called the MK-LOC. This system monitored the performance of all aspects of the locomotive and controlled the power output as well as the traction control/adhesion of the locomotive. The MK5000C also had electro-pneumatic braking, provided by the EPIC 3102 air brake system which can be found on locomotives of other builders.
The MK5000C carried 5300 US gallons (20,100 L) of diesel, 246 US gal (931 L) of lubricating oil, and 320 gallons (1,210 L) of coolant. This coolant system was unlike that of most other North American locomotives, using a water/antifreeze mix; only a few Caterpillar-repowered switchers and the Electro Motive Division SD90MAC share this trait.
The MK5000C generated 118000 lbf of continuous tractive effort, and produced around 35% adhesion on dry rail.
## Appearance
The MK5000C at first look appears similar to many 1990s era EMD locomotives. The MK5000C has a fuel tank and long hood that appear very similar to EMD designs; however mechanically the MK5000C shares very little in common with any EMD product.
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# MK5000C
## History
Six were built, three in August 1994 for demonstration on the Southern Pacific numbered 501 to 503, and another three in August 1995 for demonstration on the Union Pacific numbered 9901 to 9903. Due to termination of the MK Rail high horsepower program, neither railroad purchased the model, and the units were returned after one year of demonstrations. Production was stopped after the sale of MK Rail in 1996, and three more partially built units sat in storage until 2001, when their frames were scrapped by MK Rail successor Motive Power. One of the MK5000C cabs was used on Dakota, Minnesota & Eastern Railroad 5000, a former ATSF SD45B rebuilt into a SD50M-3. This unit is still in service as MPEX 5000, and can be found in lease service on various railroads in North America. The other six were leased briefly to BC Rail.
In 2001 the Utah Railway tested and later acquired all six from Wabtec, the owner of Motive Power. However, after one year of operation, all units were out of service due to problems with the main bearings on the Caterpillar 3612 diesel engine and Kato main alternator. The units were returned to Wabtec and had the Caterpillar 3612 and Kato main alternator removed and replaced with an EMD AR11 main alternator. At the same time, the engine blocks were replaced by EMD 3500 Horsepower 16-645F3B diesel engines from five retired Union Pacific EMD SD50 and one retired Union Pacific EMD GP50 locomotives. The six were reclassed with the designation MK50-3 and put back in service with the Utah Railway.
In March 2017, four units were prepared to be shipped to the Kyle Railroad, a few months after Utah Railway\'s coal train contracts expired. A BNSF train picked up the four units and left with them on March 14, 2017. A fifth unit, left the Utah Railway in late March/April, and the final unit departed on April 6, 2017.
In June 2024, Kyle Railroad took delivery of four ex- Kansas City Southern GE C44-9W locomotives, with the goal of replacing the fleet of MK5000C\'s. Five of the six MK5000C\'s have been sidelined as of May 2025
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# Hesperiphona
***Hesperiphona*** is a genus in the finch family Fringillidae.
The genus was introduced in 1850 by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte with the evening grosbeak as the type species. The name combines the Ancient Greek *hesperos* meaning \"evening\" and *phōnē* meaning \"sound\" or \"cry\".
The genus contains two species:
Image Scientific name Common Name Distribution
------- --------------------------- ------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Hesperiphona vespertina* Evening grosbeak Canada and the western mountainous areas of the United States and Mexico
*Hesperiphona abeillei* Hooded grosbeak Central America, principally in Mexico and Guatemala
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# Kheri
**Kheri** is a town and a Nagar Panchayat in Lakhimpur Kheri district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
## History
According to the 1908 British publication \"The Imperial Gazetteer of India\"(volume: XV):
> *\[S. H. Butler, Settlement Report (1901) ; H. R. Nevill, District Gazetteer (1905).\]*\
> \
> *Kherl Town (Khiri). --- Town in the khiri tahsil of Kherl District, United Provinces, situated in 27° 54\' N. and 8o c 48\' E., on the Lucknow-Bareilly State Railway. Population (1901), 6,223. Kheri is a place of some antiquity, and contains a tine tomb built over the remains of Saiyid Khurd, who died in 1563. It is administered under Act XX of 1856, with an income of about Rs. 800. Though giving its name to the District, it is of small importance. A daily market is held, and the town contains a branch of the American Methodist Mission and a school with 144 pupils.*
## Geography
Kheri is located at 27.9 N 80.8 E. It has an average elevation of 148 metres (485 feet).
## Demographics
India census, Kheri had a population of 33,355. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Kheri has an average literacy rate of 51.7%, lower than the national average of 73%: male literacy is 55.4%, and female literacy is 47.7%. In Kheri, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. `{{bar box
|title=Religions in Kheri
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|Green|79.33}}
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|Orange|20.09}}
{{bar percent|Others†|black|0.58}}
|caption=Distribution of religions<br />
†<small>Includes [[Sikh]]s (0.09%), [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] (<0.01%), [[Christians]] (0
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# William Timym
**William Timym**, `{{Post-nominals | country = GBR | MBE}}`{=mediawiki} (1902--1990) was an artist whose best known work is probably the *Bleep and Booster* cartoons for the BBC\'s *Blue Peter*.
Timym (pronounced Tim) was Austrian, grew up in Vienna and studied at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. He moved to England in 1938 because of the Nazi occupation of Austria and during the Second World War produced a number of works for the Ministry of Information.
He became a naturalised British citizen in April 1949.
He was also a bronze sculptor and created many realistic (rather than stylised) wildlife sculptures. These include a statue of *Blue Peter*\'s dog Petra, a lion bust at Gloucester\'s Nature in Art museum, a lifesize Sumatran rhinoceros at Howletts Wild Animal Park in Canterbury, and a 15 ft elephant fountain at Saint Louis Zoo. Other cartoons he produced include *Bengo the Boxer puppy* and *Wuff, Snuff and Tuff*
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# NGC 1512
**NGC 1512** is a barred spiral galaxy approximately 38 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation Horologium. The galaxy displays a double ring structure, with a (nuclear) ring around the galactic nucleus and an (inner) further out in the main disk. The galaxy hosts an extended UV disc with at least 200 clusters with recent star formation activity. NGC 1512 is a member of the Dorado Group.
## Gravitational interaction with NGC 1510 {#gravitational_interaction_with_ngc_1510}
Gravitational tidal forces of NGC 1512 are influencing nearby dwarf lenticular galaxy NGC 1510. The two galaxies are separated by only \~5 arcmin (13.8 kpc), and are in the process of a lengthy merger which has been going on for 400 million years. At the end of this process NGC 1512 will have cannibalised its smaller companion.
Interaction between these two galaxies has triggered star formation activity in the outskirts of the disc and enhanced the tidal distortion in the arms of the NGC 1512. The interaction seems to occur in the north-western areas of the system because of the broadening of the H i arm and the spread of the UV-rich star clusters in this region.
## Gallery
NGC 1512 and NGC 1510.jpg\|NGC 1512 and its companion the dwarf galaxy NGC 1510. Ngc1512 nasajpl.jpg\|An ultraviolet image of NGC 1510 and NGC 1512 taken with GALEX. The image shows that NGC 1512 has spiral arms that extend well beyond its optical disk. Credit:GALEX/NASA/JPL-Caltech. NGC 1512 (2).jpg\|The galaxy seen by the Hubble Space Telescope. NGC 1512 (weic2403i).jpg\|NGC 1512 seen by the James Webb Space Telescope. NGC 1512.jpg\|The nuclear ring of NGC 1512 as imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST).\
Credit: HST/NASA/ESA
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# Greg Donnelly
**Gregory John Donnelly** is an Australian politician, a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council since 2005, representing the Labor Party.
## Background and early career {#background_and_early_career}
Donnelly was educated at Mandurah Primary, Christian Brothers College in Fremantle, and University of Western Australia studying industrial relations and economics. He became an official of Shop, Distributive and Allied Employees\' Association in 1986, and was promoted to branch secretary. Donnelly is Catholic and has been outspoken about matters associated with his faith.
## Political career {#political_career}
Donnelly was appointed to a casual vacancy caused by the resignation of Treasurer Michael Egan and currently serves on several parliamentary committees.
Donnelly has written opinion pieces criticising the representation of women in advertising, a proposal for same sex couples to adopt in NSW and has spoken in NSW Parliament about his opposition to pornography, and has opposed a marriage equality bill put by the NSW Greens.
In November 2016, Donnelly wrote an opinion piece opposing the Safe Schools program.
In May 2017, Donnelly was one of three Labor MPs to vote with the Liberal Party and National Party to block a bill to decriminalise abortion in the state.
In June 2023, Donnelly attended and spoke at a pro-women event in NSW Parliament called \"Why Can\'t Women Talk About Sex\", attended by figures like Moira Deeming and One Nation MP Tania Mihailuk. He declared that \"there will be a reckoning taking place\", and expressed regret that more of his Labor colleagues did not attend. He has faced criticism online, and from the Greens, for his attendance, however, he has received no official condemnation from NSW Labor
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# Chelsea and Fulham (UK Parliament constituency)
**Chelsea and Fulham** is a constituency in Greater London represented since 2024 in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament by Ben Coleman of the Labour Party.
## Boundaries
### 2010--2024
Following the review of parliamentary representation in London, the boroughs of Kensington and Chelsea and Hammersmith and Fulham were paired for constituency allocation purposes and allocated three seats between them.
This broke the previous pairings of Kensington and Chelsea with the City of Westminster, and of Hammersmith and Fulham with the London Borough of Ealing, and therefore abolished the seats Hammersmith and Fulham and Kensington and Chelsea with their \"spillover\" cross-boundary seats of Regents Park and Kensington North and Ealing Acton and Shepherds Bush.
The historical constituency of Kensington was recreated, and the Hammersmith seat was also revived.
The new constituency of Chelsea and Fulham was made up of the following electoral wards:
- From the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham: Fulham Broadway, Munster, Palace Riverside, Parsons Green and Walham, Sands End, Town.
- From the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea: Brompton and Hans Town, Chelsea Riverside, Redcliffe, Royal Hospital, Stanley.
### 2024--present
Following the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, which came into effect for the 2024 general election, the constituency is composed of:
- The London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham wards of Fulham Reach, Fulham Town, Lillie, Munster, Palace & Hurlingham, Parsons Green & Sandford, Sands End, Walham Green, and West Kensington.
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- The Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea wards of Chelsea Riverside, Redcliffe, Royal Hospital, and Stanley.
The new boundaries reflect revised local authority ward structures. To bring the electorate within the permitted range, the Hammersmith and Fulham wards of Fulham Reach and West Kensington were transferred in from the abolished constituency of Hammersmith. The whole of the Kensington and Chelsea ward of Brompton and Hans Town is now included in the new constituency of Kensington and Bayswater.
## Political history {#political_history}
The constituency includes affluent areas and opulent private housing. The small amount of social housing in the constituency is concentrated in the smaller than ward-size Worlds End Estate. An alternative in-depth analysis, of local elections, confirms one ward has seen opposition members in elections since the 1980s, of 11 wards forming the seat. At the 2010 election, only five other constituencies voted more strongly for the Conservative Party: Richmond (Yorkshire), Beaconsfield in Buckinghamshire, Windsor (Berkshire), Hampshire North East and Chesham and Amersham also in Buckinghamshire.
Somewhat surprisingly, however, in the 2017 United Kingdom general election the Conservative majority in Chelsea and Fulham was almost halved from 16,022 to 8,188, making it only the eighth-safest Conservative seat in Greater London (with several other seats such as Romford and Bexleyheath and Crayford proving safer for the Tories despite previously electing Labour MPs in the Blair era, whilst Chelsea never did).
The 2019 election saw a resurgence in the Liberal Democrat vote, which saw them take second place, but this was reversed in the 2024 election when Labour came through from third place in 2019 to win the seat by 152 votes over the Conservatives.
In the early 1960s the Chelsea Labour Party (old boundaries) created the National Campaign for the Young Chronic Sick, led by constituency member (Mr) Marsh Dickson, which generated national TV and newspaper coverage leading to the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970 promoted as a Private Members Bill by Alf Morris MP.
## Constituency profile {#constituency_profile}
The football grounds at Stamford Bridge and Craven Cottage are in the seat, which is the chosen home of many of London\'s elite footballers, as well as other wealthy celebrities. The constituency includes the fashionable King\'s Road thoroughfare, a key destination for shopping and culture.
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# Chelsea and Fulham (UK Parliament constituency)
## Members of Parliament {#members_of_parliament}
Election Member Party
---------- ------------- -------
2010 Greg Hands
2024 Ben Coleman
## Elections
For results of predecessor seats, see Kensington and Chelsea, and Hammersmith and Fulham.
### Elections in the 2020s {#elections_in_the_2020s}
### Elections in the 2010s {#elections_in_the_2010s}
2019 notional result {{#tag:ref\|Estimate of the 2019 general election result as if the revised boundaries recommended under the 2023 boundary review were in place\|group= n}}
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Party
**Majority**
**Turnout**
**Electorate**
: \* *Served as an MP in the 2005--2010 Parliament*
The new seat of Chelsea and Fulham was fought for the first time at the 2010 general election, when it had a notional Conservative majority of over 10,000 based on 2005 election results
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# River Creedy
The **River Creedy** is a small river in Devon, England. It gives its name to the local town or *ton* of Crediton, which is on its west bank, and to several local historic estates, such as *Creedy Hilion*, *Creedy Peitevin* (later called *Creedy Wiger*) and Creedy Park, in the parish of Sandford, also to the Benefice of North Creedy. Just below the town, the river merges with the River Yeo and it ends where it meets the River Exe at Cowley Bridge. The river is overlooked by Fordy Wood Copse, a 0.64 ha woodland owned and managed by the Woodland Trust.
The name is believed to be of Celtic origin, but views on its precise origin differ. According to one source, it derives from a root meaning *winding*. Another view holds that it means *shrinking*, as compared with the more powerful Yeo
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# Jessica Thomas
**Jessica Thomas** (born 21 July 1984) is an Australian netball player. Having grown up in her home town of Drouin, West Gippsland she was added to the Melbourne Phoenix squad in the middle of the 2005 Commonwealth Bank Trophy, as a replacement for Kara Richards who had to withdraw due to school and travel issues. She continued with Phoenix throughout the 2005 and 2006 seasons. Jess Thomas\'s brother, Dale Thomas is an Australian footballer for Australian Football League team Collingwood. She plays for the Phoenix goal defence, goal keeper or wing defence.
Thomas played for Gippsland Storm in 2007, in Championship division of the Victorian State League competition as a goaler
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# Geoff Miller
**Geoffrey Miller**, `{{post-nominals|OBE}}`{=mediawiki} (born 8 September 1952) is an English former cricketer, who played in 34 Test matches and 25 One Day Internationals for the England cricket team between 1976 and 1984. Nicknamed \"Dusty\", he played for Derbyshire from 1973 to 1986, captaining the side from 1979 to 1981 (following the sudden resignation of David Steele after six weeks in the role), and returned in 1990 after playing for Essex between 1987 and 1989. He was an England selector from 2008 to 2013 and was appointed President of Derbyshire C.C.C. in March 2014. He was a part of the English squad which finished as runners-up at the 1979 Cricket World Cup.
The cricket writer, Colin Bateman, noted, \"Geoff Miller concedes that he probably enjoyed cricket too much. He did not take it as seriously as some, And when it became a rigorous, grim-faced business, he was not sorry to bow out of an eight-year Test career that never reached the peaks many expected\". Likewise Simon Hughes referred to Miller in 1990 as being \"the only remaining player who unfailingly visited the opposing team\'s dressing room after play to thank them for the game \... \[and\] the last man to field at slip with a whoopee cushion up his jumper\"
## Early life {#early_life}
Born 8 September 1952, Chesterfield, Derbyshire, England Miller was educated at Chesterfield Grammar School.
Miller tells a story that when he was seven years-old, he awoke at 5am on January 10 1959: \"I went downstairs because I heard a noise. My father was making a fire. I asked him what the noise was - he had the radio on. He told me that on the radio was the Ashes. This is England versus Australia, at cricket, in Australia. They\'re playing in Sydney. Fred Trueman was bowling to Norman O\'Neil. He said: \"Just think. One day, I could be listening to you playing for England, in Australia, for the Ashes.\"
In 2016, Miller explained his nickname: \"If your name is Miller or a Rhodes up north in England, then your nickname is always Dusty. A miller makes flour in a mill, so dusty. Nothing clever at all\".
## County career {#county_career}
From 1971 he was playing in Derbyshire Second XI and in young cricketer\'s teams. He made his first-class debut for Derbyshire in July 1973, in a match against Somerset, when he scored a duck in his only innings. He was the Cricket Writers\' Club Young Cricketer of the Year in 1976. Miller became Derbyshire captain in 1979, and in the 1981 season, was a part of the Derbyshire side which won the National Westminster Bank Trophy. Although not captain that day, Miller was at the wicket with Colin Tunnicliffe to scramble the run they needed from the last ball in the final to secure victory. Miller went to Essex in 1987, helping them to win the 1989 Refuge Assurance Cup, but returned to Derbyshire for his last first-class season in 1990, when Derbyshire won the Refuge Assurance League. In 1991, he played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire.
Miller was a correct right-handed batsman and a reliable right-arm off-break bowler, taking 888 wickets in 283 first-class matches (1973--1990) and 278 wickets in 334 List A matches (1973--1994). Notwithstanding his undoubted ability as a batsman, he only made two first-class centuries, although reaching 50 on 72 other occasions.
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# Geoff Miller
## International career {#international_career}
Miller made his Test debut for England against West Indies in 1976. He took 60 wickets in thirty four Tests and 25 wickets in twenty five ODIs for England. Unusually for a spin bowler, none of his 60 wickets were by a stumping. Miller never scored a test century despite twice coming extremely close scoring 98 against both Pakistan away in 1977/8 (not out) and India at home in 1982. *Wisden* observed that on the first such occasion, Miller, \"seeking his maiden first-class century\" in his first Test overseas, \"though inflicted with a heavy cold and streaming eyes, had batted for six hours without serious fault\". Later that winter he also made 89 in a Test against New Zealand at Christchurch, in spite of having to retire hurt part of the way through this innings.
His best series for England however was the 1978-79 Ashes. No England bowler took more than his 23 wickets in this series, at a low average of 15.04. Miller also finished a respectable fifth on the England batting averages for this series, ahead of the likes of Graham Gooch and Geoff Boycott, as England retained the Ashes against an Australia weakened by absences due to World Series Cricket. In the fifth test he shared a stand of 135 for the seventh wicket with his Derbyshire colleague Bob Taylor, and in the following test (another England victory) he took his only Test five-wicket haul, figures of 5 for 44.
Miller played in 25 one-day internationals for England and was part of the England squad for the 1979 Cricket World Cup, although he only played in one match in the tournament, against Canada. Miller also toured Australia in 1979-80 and West Indies in 1980--1 with England (coming up against full-strength sides with World Series Cricket players restored) with less success. On the latter tour he did however captain England to victory in one tour match against the Leeward Islands in March 1981, top-scoring with 91 not out in the first innings and taking 3 for 42 in the second. Indeed *Wisden* recorded of this tour that both England\'s only two first-class victories (the other being at the start of the tour against the West Indies Board President\'s XI in which Miller took match figures of 9 for 139) \"were largely won by Miller who, after Willis\'s early departure, became a respected vice-captain. Yet he was kept out of the last three Tests by the presence of an outstanding off-spinner in Emburey, by Willey\'s success with the bat, and by his own illness in Jamaica\".
Miller played at Melbourne in the fourth test of the 1982/3 Ashes series, the Boxing Day Test. Australia needed only three runs to assure at least a tie, which would have regained them the Ashes but with their last wicket standing. Ian Botham bowled to Jeff Thomson who edged the ball to the slip cordon. Chris Tavaré dropped the catch only for Miller to retrieve the ball before it hit the ground, England thus winning by three runs. However, the final test of the series ended in a draw, meaning Australia won the series 2-1 and anyway regained the Ashes.
Miller played his last Test match in 1984 against the West Indies at Lord\'s. Like most England players of his era he found the West Indies his toughest opponents, finishing on the losing side in each of his four Test matches against them.
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# Geoff Miller
## National Selector {#national_selector}
Miller was elected as National Selector by the England and Wales Cricket Board in January 2008. He led a panel, which then contained Ashley Giles, Peter Moores and James Whitaker. He previously served on the panel of his predecessor David Graveney since 2000.
Miller also ran *Moss & Miller*, a sporting goods emporium in Chesterfield, with Chesterfield F.C. footballer Ernie Moss, for a number of years. He also became a popular after-dinner speaker.
He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2014 New Year Honours for services to cricket, following his retirement as an England selector at the end of 2013
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# John Lever
**John Kenneth Lever** `{{post-nominals|MBE}}`{=mediawiki} (born 24 February 1949) is an English former international cricketer who played Test and One Day International cricket for England. Lever was a left-arm fast-medium bowler who predominantly swung the ball into right-handed batsmen.
The cricket correspondent Colin Bateman remarked that \"for 23 years he plied his trade with Essex, becoming the finest left-arm pace bowler in the country. Tough, astute, and entertaining in the dressing room, Lever was, as the title of his autobiography suggests, *A Cricketer\'s Cricketer*\".
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Lever is sometimes unfairly remembered for the Vaseline incident during the third test of his debut tour of India in 1976. It was one of the first publicised incidents of \'doctoring\' (using unfair means to enhance the swing or seam abilities of the cricket ball by a bowler), when Lever was accused of rubbing vaseline onto one side of the ball so it would swing better. The claim was later rejected and Lever was cleared of any wrongdoing. In the first Test of that series against India in Delhi, Lever had recorded the best Test bowling figures for an English debutant (7--46), a record that stood until Dominic Cork beat it by three runs on his debut against the West Indies in 1995. Lever finished the match with bowling figures of 10--70, another English debutant\'s record, which he enhanced with a half century while giving banter.
Lever made his first-class debut for Essex in 1967 and would represent the county until 1989, in one of the most successful periods in the club\'s history.
He was also involved in the rebel tour to South Africa in 1982 during the apartheid era, where he formed strong links in the country. In the warm-up match against Western Province, Lever broke down after bowling two balls, and subsequent X-rays showed a curvature in his spine. The discovery came as a surprise to Lever, who had bowled with a sore back for the best part of a decade. However, with an exercise regime in place to strengthen the back, Lever would recover in time to be available for the first unofficial Test match. He would later return to play a few matches for Natal in the Currie Cup.
Due to his involvement in the rebel tour, Lever was banned from representing England for three years, but continued to play well for Essex. The selectors recognized his form and selected him for one final Test cap against the touring Indians in 1986, at the age of 37. After England lost the first Test, Lever was picked for the second test at Headingley, replacing Richard Ellison. In India\'s first innings, Lever had Dilip Vengsarkar caught behind on 61, then trapped captain Kapil Dev in front next ball. He dismissed Kapil again in the second innings to finish his final bowling innings with 4/64. Chasing 408 to win, England were dismissed for 128, Lever falling to Maninder Singh to give India victory by 279 runs, and a series win.
Lever was appointed an MBE in the 1990 Birthday Honours for his services to cricket.
More recently, Lever has taken up teaching physical education at Bancroft\'s School. In 2002, he joined ITC Sports Travel as a tour host, accompanying cricket fans all over the cricket world
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# Vasily Pushkin
**Vasily Lvovich Pushkin** (*Васи́лий Льво́вич Пу́шкин*; 27 April 1766 -- 20 August 1830) was a minor Russian poet best known as an uncle of the much more famous Alexander Pushkin.
Vasily Pushkin was born in Moscow, Russian Empire. During his early years, he served in Russia\'s Leib Guard Izmailovo Regiment, retiring with the rank of poruchik. Between 1803 and 1804 Pushkin lived abroad, mainly in Paris.
Pushkin was a neoclassical poet and was indifferent to the then-popular romantic movement. In his poem \"Captain Khrabrov\", Pushkin mocked romanticism. He was a follower of light poetry, and wrote numerous songs, epistles, and epigrams in the manner of Horace, Tibullus, or Catullus. He also translated several poems of La Fontaine and other French poets. Vasily Lvovich had a sudden burst of creativity in 1810 and 1811, when he wrote his best polemical verse, including a humorous masterpiece, *A Dangerous Neighbour* (1811), set in a bawdyhouse. Buyanov, the main character of the poem, became a household name; Alexander Pushkin mentioned him in *Eugene Onegin*. Pushkin the younger did not take his uncle\'s poetry seriously; at the age of 22 he apprehended that the posterity will ascribe *A Dangerous Neighbour* to his own juvenilia:
: *All his works are not worth his Buyanov; and what will happen to him in posterity? I\'m extremely afraid that my cousin \[i.e., Buyanov\] will be taken for my son\...* \[Pushkin\'s letter to Peter Vyazemsky, 2 January 1822\].
Due to interest in his nephew, Vasily Pushkin\'s works were re-published numerous times; the last and most complete collection is \"V. L. Pushkin. Poems\", M. Hyperion, 2005. `{{ISBN|5-89332-104-9}}`{=mediawiki}
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# McGurk Meadow
**McGurk Meadow** is a meadow in Yosemite National Park located near Bridalveil Fall. It is located at 37.6799288 N 119.6318303 W format=dms region:US-CA_source:gnis display=inline,title
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# Roger Tolchard
**Roger William Tolchard** (born 15 June 1946) is an English former cricketer, who played in four Tests and one One Day International for England in the late 1970s.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Tolchard was a wicket-keeper. Educated at Malvern College, he played for Leicestershire for his entire professional career, from 1965 to 1983.
He was selected for the England team for their tour of India in 1976--77, and played in four Tests, although as a specialist batsman not a wicket-keeper (Alan Knott was the established wicket-keeper). He scored an important 67 in his first innings, but only managed 62 in total in six further innings.
He was also selected for the 1978--79 tour of Australia. He kept wicket in a One Day International in Sydney, although it was rained off after 7.2 overs. He was forced to return home injured with a fractured cheekbone before the remainder of the one day matches.
He captained Leicestershire for the last three years of his career, from 1981 to 1983, leading them to second place in the County Championship in the 1982 season.
After retiring as a professional player, he returned to Malvern College where he coached cricket and rackets from 1984 to 2006.
His brother Jeff also played for Leicestershire, and his nephew Roger Twose played for New Zealand. England international lawn bowlers Sam and Sophie Tolchard are his nephew and niece.
Tolchard was one of ten members of Leicestershire\'s first County Championship winning team in 1975 to have a road in Leicester named after him by the city council. Chris Balderstone, Peter Booth, Brian Davison, Barry Dudleston, Ken Higgs, David Humphries, Ray Illingworth, Norman McVicker, and John Steele were the others. Jack Birkenshaw, Graham McKenzie and Mick Norman missed out as there were already roads using their surnames
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# Neo Gōmanism Manifesto Special – On War
is a controversial manga series written by right-wing Japanese manga artist Yoshinori Kobayashi. It was published in a series of three volumes by Gentosha as a supplement (hence the \"Special\" title) to the `{{Nihongo|''Neo Gōmanism''|新・ゴーマニズム宣言|Shin Gōmanism Sengen}}`{=mediawiki} series serialized in *SAPIO* magazine from September 1995 onwards. The series has been criticized by numerous people and groups for \"rewriting history\", including intellectuals Satoshi Uesugi, Shinji Miyadai and Takaaki Yoshimoto, The Academy of Outrageous Books, and even the overseas media in newspapers such as *The New York Times* and *Le Monde*. A verbal dispute over the manga\'s contents with Sōichirō Tahara has been published in a book called `{{Nihongo|''The On War War''|戦争論争戦|Sensō Ron Sōsen}}`{=mediawiki}.
## Content of the books {#content_of_the_books}
- Volume 1 (published 1998-07-10, `{{ISBN|4-87728-243-2}}`{=mediawiki})
It adopts the author\'s revisionist perspective of the Pacific War. It was published in the context of a fierce dispute between conservatives and leftists over comfort women, the Nanking Massacre, and Japanese history textbooks. At the time, Kobayashi was also one of the coordinators of the Japanese Society for History Textbook Reform, and he also had the intent to write Volume 1 to assist revisionist textbooks published by the Society.
Another subject raised in this book is the argument that Japanese ideals up until the Pacific War have since ceased to exist among modern Japanese. In order to negate extreme prewar nationalism and militarism, he argues that post-war Japanese have only been able to recognize the Pacific War in a negative light, and strongly asserts the brave exploits of Japan\'s patriotic soldiers, and argues that Japan fought for the liberation of Asia (see Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere).
- Volume 2 (*Sensō Ron 2*) (published October 2001, `{{ISBN|4-344-00131-1}}`{=mediawiki})
Volume 2 was strongly influenced by the September 11, 2001 attacks which had happened only the previous month. Kobayashi makes the inflammatory comment concerning al-Qaeda\'s terrorism, \"Was it really an act of terrorism?\", and describes the War on Terror as a confrontation between the terrorists and the economic strength, military force and egotism of a nation (namely the US), and emphasises the importance of the ideals and moral principles of war, before linking this again to an affirmation of the Pacific War.
Although this is more of a digression from the main course of the book, he links the 1995 Sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway with the 9/11 suicide attacks, and repeats the (not unusual) opinions of military affairs critics of how the formation of terrorist organisations was possibly a result of the ending of the Cold War.
- Volume 3 (*Sensō Ron 3*) (published July 2003, `{{ISBN|4-344-00356-X}}`{=mediawiki})
The conclusive volume of the series, with a recap of the contents of 1 and 2, which while adding new opinions on the ideals and moral principles of war, also repeats the arguments of the previous volumes, reconsiders the affirmative viewpoint of the Pacific War, criticises the US military\'s actions in the Iraq War as tyrannical, and also attacks the blind obedience in the modern Japanese people\'s pro-American attitude
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# Geoff Cope
**Geoffrey Alan Cope** (born 23 February 1947) played first-class cricket for Yorkshire from 1966 to 1980, and appeared in three Test matches for England.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Born on 23 February 1947, Burmantofts, Leeds, Yorkshire as the son of a French polisher, Cope grew up in Crossgates, Leeds, and first played cricket at Manston Junior School. His talent was shown in an Under 11 cup final in which he took all ten wickets for 26 and then batted his team to victory. He played club cricket at an early age with Leeds Zingari and then for Leeds Cricket Club in the Yorkshire League. He played for the club for 25 years. He played for England Schools and then, in 1964, for Yorkshire Second XI. He made his debut for the first team against Hampshire at Bradford Park Avenue with Ray Illingworth on Test duty. Despite taking 40 wickets at 13.82 in 1967, he did not earn a regular first team place until 1969, when Illingworth moved to captain Leicestershire.
He won his Yorkshire cap in 1970, but was twice forced to remodel his off-break bowling action after he was suspended in 1972, and again in 1978. \"It was a bad time because you were never allowed to defend yourself,\" said Cope. \"A committee met and made a decision, which was then passed on down the lines. You didn't know who was on that committee or what they thought.\" But Dickie Bird thought that there was nothing wrong with his action. Cricket writer, Colin Bateman, noted that \"Geoff Cope\'s career was blighted by suspicions that his off-spinner\'s action was illegal and twice -- in 1972 and 1978 -- he was suspended by Lord\'s. The second suspension came after he had broken through into the Test side the previous winter in Pakistan, where he came tantalisingly close to a debut hat-trick\".
He worked on his action with the Yorkshire spinner Johnny Wardle and, after good seasons in 1974 and 1975, played in an England Test trial at Bristol in May 1976. Derek Underwood took four for 10 in the second innings while Cope took five for 27, as they skittled \'The Rest of England\' for 48. Cope was not selected for a Test that summer, and so escaped a pummelling at the hands of the West Indies, but was selected for his first major tour, to India, Ceylon and Australia for the Centenary Test that winter. Despite a good start in the Indian tour matches he did not appear in the Test Matches as Tony Greig adopted a seam based strategy to win the series 3--1.
Ken Barrington, manager of the England team on his second tour, remarked that Cope was more accurate than Derek Underwood. He was not a big spinner of the ball, preferring to build pressure on a batsman through denying him scoring opportunities. The weakness of the Yorkshire team in the 1970s, often forced him to bowl long defensive spells against his natural attacking instincts.
He toured Pakistan in 1977--78, playing in all three of the Tests, at Lahore, Hyderabad, and Karachi, and two of the One Day Internationals, at Sialkot and Lahore, missing the first ODI at Sahiwal. He almost took a hat-trick on his Test debut: he dismissed Abdul Qadir leg before wicket, then bowled Sarfraz Nawaz first ball. The next batsman, Iqbal Qasim, was caught at slip by Mike Brearley. Despite the umpire giving him out, Brearley was not sure whether he had taken the catch cleanly and called him back to the crease.
\"Iqbal Qasim came in, a little left-hander. I chose to go round the wicket and obviously we put men round the bat, \'Brears\' (Mike Brearley the captain) at first slip, Graham Roope, Bob Willis, \'Both\' all round the bat. I just bowled it right and it was magic really; it just turned a fraction and bounced, and \'Iqqie\' nicked it. Brears just dived to his left and caught the ball about a foot off the ground, landed in front of Roopey and Willis, Iqqie just looked up the wicket at me, nodded, said, \'Well bowled\'; the umpire went bananas, shaking hands and saying, \'I\'ve never seen a hat-trick before, well bowled.\' And ironically this was on my debut. 12 months previously, on the same ground, Peter Petherick of New Zealand had just done the first hat-trick ever on debut, so it would have been 12 months to the day and it would have been a unique place in history.\" \"But Mike in landing got a lot of gravel on the back of his hand. Iqqie left the field and all the lads were up there when suddenly Brears started saying, 'I'm going to bring him back because I don\'t think I caught it cleanly.\' All the lads around him were adamant he had caught it a foot off the ground, but he said, \'No, for the best interests of this series I\'m going to bring him back.\' So he brought him back -- and for the best interests of the series, six of us were lbw in our first innings. It happened, but it was a moment of disappointment because something like that on a Test debut is very special. As somebody once said, \'If bad luck hadn\'t been invented, we\'d have had none at all!\'\"
Cope took 686 first-class wickets in 246 games, with a best of 8 for 73 against Gloucestershire at Bristol in 1975. His average of 24.70 compares favourably with other similar bowlers of his generation. He took his largest seasonal haul, 93 wickets at 24.13, in 1976 and averaged just 13.82 with the ball in taking 40 wickets in 1967.
He scored several first-class fifties, usually grinding affairs to stave off defeat, but never scored a century in any form of cricket. He often was sent in as a stolid nightwatchman, and opened on occasion in emergencies. He scored most of his runs with nicks and deflections behind the wicket. His highest knock was 78 against Essex at Acklam Park, Middlesbrough in 1977.
After leaving the first-class game he played for Yeadon Cricket Club, helping develop the club and the ground, before finally retiring from the game completely at 40. He was elected to the Yorkshire Committee after Brian Close retired from his seat, and appointed Yorkshire\'s Director of Cricket in 2002. \"It\'s a very hard task but I\'m thoroughly enjoying it,\" Cope said. \"It\'s a wonderful opportunity and I\'ve got to make the most of it.\"
Cope began his playing career wearing glasses and, in 1972, turned to contact lenses. Further deterioration in his sight left him officially registered blind, but though his peripheral vision is very poor, he can still see directly in front of him and watch play on the field.
Geoff Cope is a vice president at FC Halifax Town. In 2019 he was elected president of Yorkshire County Cricket Club for three years
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# Brian Rose (cricketer)
**Brian Charles Rose** (born 4 June 1950) is an English former cricketer, who played in nine Test matches and two One Day Internationals (ODIs) for the England cricket team between 1977 and 1981.
## Biography
Rose was educated at Weston-super-Mare Grammar School for Boys. He trained as a teacher before pursuing a successful county career with Somerset. A left-handed opening batsman, he succeeded Brian Close as captain in 1978, and he led the county to their first ever trophies, the Gillette Cup and the John Player League, in 1979. The team was a potent blend of world-class match winners in Ian Botham, Viv Richards and Joel Garner, county professionals and keen youngsters.
Rose made the infamous decision to declare Somerset\'s innings closed in a 1979 Benson and Hedges Cup zonal match after one over, to ensure their progress through the group on run-rate. While within the rules, Somerset were ejected from the competition for bringing the game into disrepute, and Rose was condemned in the press.
Rose was called up by England for the 1977-8 tours of Pakistan and New Zealand, after a number of players (such as Dennis Amiss, Bob Woolmer and Tony Greig) became unavailable due to their involvement in World Series Cricket. Initially he struggled in Test cricket, although he did make 54 on his one-day international debut, and he was dropped for two years after his fifth Test.
Helped perhaps by Ian Botham\'s captaincy of England, Rose was recalled to the Test team in 1980, and batted as well as anyone against the fearsome West Indies attack in 1980, making 243 runs at 48.60, including a highest Test score of 70 (out of a total of 150) at Old Trafford. He developed eye problems, had to return early from the tour of West Indies that year, and batted with glasses for the rest of his career.
In 270 first-class matches he scored 13,236 runs at 33.25 with a career best of 205. He resumed teaching after retiring from the first-class game, but maintained his involvement with Somerset. In 2007 he was named part of the committee to review English cricket after the defeat in the 2006-7 Ashes series. A past Chairman of Cricket, he became the Director of Cricket at Taunton, but stood down at the end of the 2012 season. In 2013 he was reported to be working as a consultant with Glamorgan
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# Ash United F.C.
**Ash United Football Club** is a football club based in Ash, Surrey, England. They are currently members of the `{{English football updater|AshUnite}}`{=mediawiki} and play at Shawfields Stadium. The club is affiliated to the Surrey County Football Association.
## History
The club was established in 1911 and soon joined the Surrey Intermediate League, where they played until 1968. They won the league in 1948--49, 1951--52, 1964--65 and 1966--67.
In 1968 they moved up to the Surrey Senior League, but had to drop out of the league three years later when they were forced to leave their Ash Common Ground. After relocating, they rejoined the Surrey Senior League in 1976, In 1978 the Senior League became the Home Counties League, with Ash finishing as runners-up in its first season and winning the George Allen Memorial Cup. The league was rebranded as the Combined Counties League the following season, with Ash finishing as runners-up again.
The 1981--82 season saw the league split into Eastern and Western Divisions, with Ash winning the Western section and the overall league title with a 3--0 aggregate win (1--0 at home, 2--0 away) against Malden Town in the championship play-off. The league then reverted to a single division, with Ash finishing in the top five for the next four seasons, before winning the title again in 1986--87. The club won the Premier Challenge Cup in 1997--98, and the following season saw a third title win and victory in the Aldershot Senior Cup. They won the Cup again in 2001--02.
When the league gained a second division in 2003, Ash were placed in the Premier Division, where they remained until being relegated to Division One after finishing third-from-bottom of the Premier Division in the 2013--14 season. At the end of the 2020--21 season the club were transferred to Division One of the Wessex League. In 2023--24 they won the Surrey Premier Cup, beating the Honourable Artillery Company 4--2 in the final.
## Ground
The club initially played at Ash Common, but were forced to leave in 1971, moving to the Shawfield Stadium. Floodlights were installed in 1996 and a new 100-seat stand erected in 2003
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# NGC 2442 and NGC 2443
**NGC 2442** and **NGC 2443** are two parts of a single intermediate spiral galaxy, commonly known as the **Meathook Galaxy** or the **Cobra and Mouse**. It is about 50 million light-years away in the constellation Volans. It was discovered by Sir John Herschel on December 23, 1834 during his survey of southern skies with a 18.25 inch diameter reflecting telescope (his \"20-foot telescope\") from an observatory he set up in Cape Town, South Africa. Associated with this galaxy is HIPASS J0731-69, a cloud of gas devoid of any stars. It is likely that the cloud was torn loose from NGC 2442 by a companion.
When John Louis Emil Dreyer compiled the *New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars* he used William Herschel\'s earlier observations that described two objects in a \"double nebula\", giving the northern most the designation NGC 2443 and the southernmost most the designation NGC 2442. Herschel\'s later observations noted that the two objects were actually a single large nebula.
## Supernovae
Two, or perhaps three, supernovae have been observed in NGC 2442:
- SN 1999ga (type II, mag. 18) was discovered by the Perth Astronomical Research Group on 19 November 1999.
- SN 2015F (type Ia, mag. 16.8) was discovered by Libert \"Berto\" Monard on 9 March 2015. It reached magnitude 12.9, making it the brightest supernova of 2015.
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- **Gaia16cfr**, also known as AT 2016jbu, was a supernova imposter that occurred in NGC 2442 on 1 December 2016. It reached a Gaia apparent magnitude of 19.3 and absolute magnitude of about −12. However, a paper published in August 2022 suggested that this was a genuine, but strange, supernova
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