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7,123,540 |
Chenderoh Power Station
|
**Chenderoh Power Station** or **Chenderoh Dam** (*Stesen Janakuasa Chenderoh*) is a hydroelectric power station in Chenderoh Lake, Kuala Kangsar District, Perak, Malaysia. It was constructed by Perak River Hydro-Electric Power Company Ltd and completed in 1930. The scheme was designed by consulting engineers Rendel, Palmer & Tritton of London and Vattenbyggnadsbyran (VBB) of Stockholm, Sweden. The architect was Osvald Almqvist.
It was the first major hydroelectric dam and power station in Malaysia. It was preceded by two stations on Malaya\'s rivers; the 800kw Ulu Gombak station in Selangor (1905) that was used to provide Kuala Lumpur\'s first electricity, and the Sungei Besi Tin Mines Ltd scheme at Ulu Langat that was purchased by FMS Electrical Department in 1929.
The Chenderoh plant was constructed in tandem with a steam power station at Malim Nawar, 65 km south of Chenderoh, that was commissioned in 1928. Between them, the stations supplied power to Kinta Valley\'s tin mining industry and associated settlements.
The station is operated by Tenaga Nasional.
## Design
The power station is a hydroelectric power station, using 4 turbines of 10.7 MW and one of 8.4 MW, totaling 40.5 MW installed capacity.
## Technical specifications {#technical_specifications}
The permanent dam components are:
- Main Dam
- Crest elevation is 50 m above sea level (ASL), maximum flood level is 48 m, operating levels maximum 45 m.
- Reservoir area at 45 m ASL is 25 km2, and with a catchment area of x,000 km^2^.`{{clarify|reason=x,000 km2? |date=July 2012}}`{=mediawiki} Storage volume is 95 e6m3.
- Power Intake Structure - 5 bays.
- Spillway- gated concrete weir with chute and flip bucket.
- Power Tunnels - 5 tunnels.
- Powerhouse
- powerhouse
- with 5 penstocks to powertrains comprising 5 turbines of 10.7MW each and one of 8.4 MW, 5 generators of 15MVA each and 4 transformers of 15MVA each.
- Sirens
- Used to warn residents when the dam is released or dam failure.
- The entire system is the only one Federal Signal 2001-SRN.
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7,123,544 |
Candy Lo
|
**Candy Lo Hau-yam** is a Canto-rock singer-songwriter and film actress from Hong Kong. Formerly the lead vocalist of the band Black and Blue, Lo launched her solo career in 1998 and is best known for the singles, \"Trash\" (*垃圾*) and \"Please Break Up\" (*好心分手*).
## Career
### 1995-1996: Black & Blue {#black_blue}
Prior to going solo, Lo was the lead vocalist in the Hong Kong indie rock band Black & Blue. The band released two albums: *Hope in Just One Day* (1995) containing songs mostly sung in English; and *Black & Blue* (1996) sung completely in Cantonese, a decision made with their record label to make themselves more understandable to fans. Lo wrote all the lyrics on both albums.
### 1998-2005: Solo Career with Sony Music {#solo_career_with_sony_music}
In 1998, Lo signed with Sony Music Hong Kong to launch a career as a solo artist. Her first release under Sony was the EP *Don\'t Have to be\...Too Perfect* (*不需要\...完美得可怕*) which contained the breakthrough radio-hit \"Trash\" (*垃圾*), considered one of her signature songs. Although \"Trash\" was a fairly mainstream ballad, the rest of the EP showed a continuity with her indie past. Lo would later ditch Keith Chan and Wyman Wong who had a dominant presence on the EP to work with entirely different songwriters and lyricists for her debut album. Released in late 1998, Lo\'s first full-length solo album was titled *Miao*, which referred to her love of cats and how \"they listen while people sometimes don\'t.\"*Miao* was apparently released to \"more than disappointing\" album sales and low radio airplay, with producer Kubert Leung remarking that the public had \"failed to grasp the concept of the album.\"
Lo\'s second album, *Getting Closer to Candy Lo* (*貼近盧巧音*) (1999), represented a more conscious attempt to connect with a mainstream audience, while retaining a sense of the unique individualism found in *Miao*. The album continued to set Lo\'s music apart from the mainstream. It contained five of her compositions, including the single \"Regeneration\", (*新陳代謝*) which was influenced by 70\'s art rock. Upon release, the album garnered her some comparisons as \"Hong Kong\'s Faith Yang\". Art direction for the album was done by William Chang.
A substantially more commercial direction was signalled by the release of 2002\'s *Appreciating the Taste of Life* (*賞味人間*), which gave Lo her first-ever smash hit, \"Please Break Up\" (*好心分手*). The song topped the charts and won her year-end awards at all four of Hong Kong\'s major radio and TV stations, making it a career highlight for Lo. A duet version of the song was recorded with Taiwan singer Leehom Wang to accompany the second edition of the album. The song remains one of the most frequently requested songs at Hong Kong karaoke bars to this day.
In May 2003, Lo held her first stadium concert at the Hong Kong Coliseum, *True Music 1st Flight Live 2003*, performing for two nights. This coincided with the release of the album *Candy\'s Airline* (*糖果航空*), which spawned one of her biggest hits, \"Love Triangle\" (*三角誌*), and was followed up later in the year by *Flower Talk* (*花言.巧語*) which contained a further hit, \"Fall & Blossom\" (*落地開花*).
After a string of radio-friendly albums, Lo released her final album with Sony, *Evolution Theory* (*天演論*) in 2005, which returned to her alternative musical roots and is one of her most uncompromising albums to date. Like *Flower Talk* which preceded it, the album contains lyrics which deal with Buddhist themes.
### 2007-2011: *Process* & Retirement {#process_retirement}
After a 2-year musical hiatus (during which she appeared in six films), Lo released her 10th studio album, *Process,* on 10 June 2007, upon joining her new record company \"WOW Music\". She is the first artist to release a USB flash memory digital album in Asia. *Process* contained the radio chart-topping hit \"Love to the Limit\" (*愛到不能*) and a Mandarin song, \"Run Slowly\" (*走慢點*) which was previously available for download at Candy\'s temporary website <https://web.archive.org/web/20071016051856/http://www.candylo.hk/> and saw a hit rate of more than 200,000 before being taken down.
At a concert in 2011, Lo announced her retirement as a singer, though stated that she will continue to produce music behind-the-scenes. She has previously expressed dissatisfaction with the Hong Kong music industry and of having had a \"difficult 13 years\".
### 2014-present: Return to music {#present_return_to_music}
In 2014, Lo signed onto the newly founded label, WhatsUp Music Limited and collaborated with the band Fabel on the single \"Self-Love\" (*自戀自在*). \"Self-Love\" topped two of the four major Hong Kong singles charts and received a nomination for \"Best Vocal Collaboration\" at the 2014 CASH Golden Sail Music Awards. She released two further singles under the label, namely, \"Pastoral Dream\" (*田園驚夢*) and \"The Philosopher\" (*哲學家*) in 2015.
In November 2017, Lo released the single, \"Tomorrow We Will Run by the Sea\" (*明日我與你海邊跑一天*). The single coincided with her concert series *RE:TURN 盧巧音Candy Lo Concert 2017* held at the Hong Kong Macpherson Stadium on 20--21 December.
In November 2018, Lo contributed vocals to the alt-rock single, \"Sunset Party\" (*日落派對*), as part of a collaborative project between composer Vicky Fung and lyricist Chow Yiu Fai.
### Acting
Lo has appeared in numerous films, often as a supporting player in comedies. Notably, she was nominated three times at the 20th Hong Kong Film Awards (2001) for her roles in Tsui Hark\'s *Time and Tide* (Best Newcomer, Best Supporting Actress) and *Twelve Nights* \[十二夜\] (Best Newcomer). She received further nominations for her supporting roles in *Truth or Dare : 6th Floor Rear Flat* (*六樓後座*) in 2004 and *Six Strong Guys* (*六壯士*) in 2005.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Lo married Sammy So, lead singer of the band Kolor, in April 2013.
## Discography
### Albums
- *Miao\...* (1998)
- *貼近盧巧音* (Getting Closer to Candy Lo) (1999)
- *色放* (Colour Release) (2000)
- *MUSE* (2000)
- *Fantasy* (2001)
- *賞味人間* (Appreciating the Taste of Life) (2002)
- *糖果航空* (Candy\'s Airline) (2003)
- *花言.巧語* (Flower Talk) (2003)
- *天演論* (Evolution Theory) (2005)
### EPs
- *不需要\...完美得可怕* (Don\'t Have to be\... Too Perfect) (1998)
- *Process* (2007)
- *L* (2008)
- *Nuri* (2012)
### Compilations
- *喜歡戀愛 (Like To Love)* (2001)
- *4 Seasons in One Day* (2004)
### Live albums {#live_albums}
- *True Music 1st Flight Live 2003* (2003)
## Filmography
### Films
- *What is a Good Teacher* (自從他来了) (2000)
- *Twelve Nights* (十二夜) (2000)
- *Time And Tide* (順流逆流) (2000)
- *Funeral March* (常在我心) (2001)
- *No Problem 2* (沒問題2) (2002)
- *Marry a Rich Man* (嫁個有錢人) (2002)
- *Happy Family* (風流家族) (2002)
- *Tiramisu* (戀愛行星) (2002)
- *The Eye* (見鬼) (2002)
- *If You Care\...* (賤精先生) (2002)
- *Summer I Love You* (好心相愛) (2002)
- *Truth or Dare: 6th Floor Rear Flat* (六樓後座) (2003)
- *Men Suddenly in Black* (大丈夫) (2003)
- *Herbal Tea* (男上女下) (2004)
- *Six Strong Guys* (六壯士) (2004)
- *Bug Me Not!* (虫不知 ) (2005)
- *Teacher in University* (高校教師) (2005)
- *The Heavenly Kings* (四大天王) (2006)
- *Cocktail* (半醉人間) (2006)
- *Half Twin* (半邊靈) (2006)
- *Feel It, Say It* (談談情, 說說性) (2006)
- *The Wife from Hell* (妻骨未寒) (2006)
- *Fear Factors* (恐懼元素) (2007)
- *House of Mahjong* (嚦咕嚦咕對對碰) (2007)
- *Happy Funeral* (六樓后座2 家屬謝禮) (2008)
- *Split Second Murders* (死神傻了) (2009)
- *Punished* (報應) (2011)
- *Probation Order* (澀青298-03) (2013)
- *77 Heartbreaks* (原諒他77次) (2017)
- *Our Time Will Come* (*明月幾時有*) (2017)
### Television shows {#television_shows}
Year Title Network Role Notes
------ ----------------- --------- ------- ---------
2019 *King Maker II* ViuTV Judge EP36-40
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7,123,553 |
Babe Barna
|
**Herbert Paul \"Babe\" Barna** (March 2, 1915 -- May 18, 1972) was an American left fielder in Major League Baseball who played for the Philadelphia Athletics (1937--1938), New York Giants (1941--1943) and Boston Red Sox (1943). Barna batted left-handed and threw right-handed. He was born in Clarksburg, West Virginia, and attended West Virginia University, where he played football, basketball and college baseball for the Mountaineers from 1935 to 1937. He was selected in the seventh round of the 1937 NFL draft.
In a five-season career, Barna was a .232 hitter with 12 home runs and 96 RBI in 207 games played. His best season statistically was `{{Baseball year|1942}}`{=mediawiki}, when he posted 85 hits, seven triples, six home runs, 39 runs, 58 RBI, 104 games -- all career-highs. He was inducted into the West Virginia University Sports Hall of Fame in 1996.
Barna died in Charleston, West Virginia, at the age of 57.
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7,123,561 |
Say, Niger
|
**Say** (**Saayi**) is a town in southwest Niger, situated on the Niger River. It is the capital of the Say Department in the Tillabéri Region. Say was a small Songhai town prior to the arrival of the Fulani marabout Alfa Mohamed Diobo in the nineteenth century who converted the town to a center for Islamic learning and established the Emirate of Say. The municipality has 58,290 inhabitants, and its economy is dominated by agriculture, herding and small trade. Today, the inhabitants of Say are mostly Peulh, Songhai and Zarma.
## Overview
The town houses the Islamic University of Niger (*Université Islamique de Say*), an institute of international scope, whose founding was decided following a meeting of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference in 1974, but that opened only in 1986. In 1996, it had 400 students, who paid fees much lower than those of the University of Niamey. In Say there is also a forty-year-old College of Secondary Education (*Collège d\'enseignement secondaire*), with nine teachers and 675 students.
## History
Say was part of the Songhay Empire, which peaked in the 16th century. When the Songhay collapsed after the 1591 Battle of Tondibi, some of the refugees sheltered in the Say area.
In the nineteenth century, Say became an Emirate under the leadership of the Marabout Alfa Mohamed Diobo. The town was occupied by France on 9 May 1897 and administered from Dahomey until 1907. In 1928, it became part of the cercle of Niamey. Located 57 km from Niamey, not far from the W National Park. The town (now an urban commune) has today 70,000 people but bears little resemblance to the ancient center of Islamic learning. In recognition of its former role, however, Niger\'s first Madrasa (Islamic School) was set up here in 1957, and in 1974 the Organization of the Islamic Conference designated Say as the site for an Islamic university for West Africa, The new university, the Islamic University of Say, opened its doors in October 1986, with Dr. Abdallah Ben Abdel Mohsen At-Turki as its rector. Say is connected to the capital Niamey by an all-weather road and has a colorful Friday market to which many tourists flock.
## Mining
Say is the location of some potential iron ore mines with reserves of about 650MT. An extension of the railway from Benin to Niamey is proposed which would serve the iron ore mines at Say.
## Gallery
<File:Femme> de Say-1898.jpg\|Woman from Say, 1898 <File:Femmes> de Say-1898.jpg\|People of Say, 1898 <File:Indigènes> de Say-1898.jpg\|People of Say, 1898 <File:Marabouts> de Say Niger 1912.jpg\|Marabouts of Say, 1912
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7,123,562 |
The Forests of Silence
|
***The Forests of Silence*** is a fantasy novel written by Australian author Emily Rodda, and is the first book in the eight-volume Deltora Quest series. It was first published in 2000 by Scholastic and was awarded the \"Notable Series in Children\'s Book of the Year Awards 2001: Younger Readers\". The novel follows a teenage boy named Lief as he and his companions search the deadly Forests of Silence for the magical Topaz gem, one of the seven missing gems from the belt of Deltora.
## Synopsis
The book opens with a boy called Jarred, a friend of Prince Endon. After the death of King Alton and his queen, Endon is proclaimed King in his father\'s place. To consummate this, a magical steel belt, the Belt of Deltora, is set around Endon\'s waist. The Belt recognizes Endon as Deltora\'s rightful king. Jarred goes to the library and later learns that the evil Shadow Lord, a Sauron-like intelligence located in the Shadowlands, once tried to seize the land in which is the kingdom of Deltora. Because the people of those days were divided into seven tribes, the Shadow Army soon overwhelmed much of the land. Jarred learned that a blacksmith named Adin gathered the sacred talismans from each tribe and attached them to a chain of steel medallions. The people\'s trust in Adin, channeled through the gems, was powerful enough to drive back the Shadow Army into its own dark home, the Shadowlands. Adin later became king of the united land called Deltora; yet he never forgot that the Enemy was not destroyed. He therefore never let the Belt out of his sight. With every generation, the Belt was worn less and less, diminishing its effect, until the belt was worn only once, in the coronation. The kings and queens also let their power go to the administrative council, diminishing its power.
The advisors all created a series of laws on the royal council called \"the law\", which enforces the power of the royal family for generations.
Jarred, learning of this, urges Endon to put on the Belt and revive the custom of Adin. However, Endon disagrees, arguing that The Rule enforces that. Before he can explain in detail, Chief Advisor Prandine, who is evil, enters and accuses Jarred of treason and called Jarred \'a spy\' and \'one that has a bad influence on Endon\' Jarred desperately reaches for his book, but Prandine accuses Jarred even more, saying that he was there to murder the king. Prandine tries to have Jarred hanged but Jarred escapes Prandine and finds that the city has fallen into disrepair, and Deltora has become a virtual dystopia, with people fighting and arguing for the leftover bones and apple cores the palace threw away. Jarred then faints on Crian the blacksmith\'s doorstep and eventually becomes apprentice and successor to Crian, later to marry Crian\'s granddaughter Anna.
Jarred also realises that the Shadow Lord sent many spies to act as advisors, secretly ruling Deltora with an iron fist. After an amount of time, the Shadow Lord would dispose of one advisor. However, Jarred was convinced that Prandine was evil.
However, the Shadow Lord did not know that Adin had five children with his wife, Zara, and four of them are in the kingdom somewhere. The eldest son was the ancestor of King Endon, which meant that there still was an heir, even if there was none.
Seven years later, the gems of Deltora were stolen by the Ak-Baba under the Shadow Lord and were scattered throughout the land. This also allowed the Enemy to enter the land. Jarred helps King Endon and Queen Sharn (Endon\'s pregnant bride) escape the invasion through a secret tunnel, but not before Queen Sharn pushes Prandine out the topmost window of the castle.
## Sixteen years later {#sixteen_years_later}
Sixteen years later, the Shadow Lord tyrannically rules Deltora, because of Prandine\'s evil work. On the morning that Prandine died, the Shadow Lord first shut down the Bone Point Lighthouse, shutting down all merchant ships. Then, the Shadow Lord posted Grey Guards on the road to Del, the capital city, ready to kill anyone that dared anger or pass them. The evil lord also put Ols, a type of shapeshifting beings that worked for him, everywhere.
A person identified as Jarred\'s son and apprentice, Lief, has been born during this uncanny time. He has been raised to reject the Shadow Lord, but never to show any obvious opposition. Jarred and Anna homeschool Lief even though he complains about education; because none of his other friends were educated. His parents told him the history of Adin in great detail, but the time just before Lief was born they refused to tell, claiming that a spy might be listening to them right now. However, Lief\'s friends covered up the plot hole his parents set at the time before Lief was born. They said that the Shadow Lord had invaded the land, who already had a cowardly ruler, Endon, and Lief hated the old royal system as a result. They also spoke about the mysterious mist that covered the castle, but the moment the Shadow Lord took charge, the mist was removed. Lief soon put two and two together and made five.
On his sixteenth birthday, Lief\'s parents said that Lief was free from the afternoon. He meets his friends, and soon eat rare apples. Lief was soon wandering at evening, a time strictly prohibited by the Shadow Lord. Lief almost got cornered by Grey Guards, if not for a mysterious rope that was tied to the top of a building. By midnight, Lief\'s parents gave him some birthday presents. Lief\'s father, gave Lief a legendary sword that he crafted for lots of months, and Lief\'s mother gives him a mythical cloak that makes the wearer invisible. Jarred says that the Shadow Lord sends Deltora\'s military might to neighbouring continents, seeking land and power. Lief\'s father sends his son, accompanied by a disguised soldier named Barda, who was disguised as a beggar, to find the lost gems from the Belt and restore them to the belt to defeat the evil Shadow Lord.
The nearest gem, the golden topaz, is to be found in Mid Wood, which is one of three perilous Forests of Silence. While travelling to the forest, Wenns capture them and take them into First Wood as an offering to the predator known as Wennbar. Before being eaten, a wild forest-dwelling girl of Lief\'s own age, called Jasmine appears. Jasmine, after a brief reluctance, rescues Lief and Barda, later to leads them to the Dark in the heart of Mid Wood. There, they discover a wall made of steadfastly cultivated vines, enclosing a clearing in the very center of the forest. In that center grow three flowers called the Lilies of Life, whose nectar possesses healing properties and grant everlasting life. The wall of vines was guarded by a Jalis knight called Gorl, who sought to drink of the Nectar of Life and become immortal but killed his two brothers\' millennia ago because they stood in his way. Over the years, Gorl\'s body has rotted away, leaving nothing behind but his memories and his intentions. He captures Lief and Barda.
Under their questions, Gorl narrates all, while Barda strives to break the psychokinetic control held by the knight over their bodies. Barda breaks the grip, but is given a mortal wound by Gorl\'s sword. As he is about to kill Lief, Jasmine persuades a tree to drop a limb onto Gorl, thus destroying him and breaching his wall. Sunlight enters the Dark, and the Lilies of Life bloom at last. Jasmine and Lief use their nectar to heal the dying Barda. As the Lilies fade, Jasmine takes the last of the nectar into a jar, so that she might use it on future injuries.
Lief takes the topaz from its position as the pommel of Gorl\'s sword and fits it into the Belt of Deltora. The three relax and recuperate, while animals from all over Mid Wood enter the breach in Gorl\'s wall and devour the vines. Later, Barda and Lief re-embark, with Jasmine and her animal companions Kree and Filli in company.
## Characters
- **Lief**: Lief is the main character of the series. Lief was born to parents Jarred and Anna of the Forge. As a child Lief roamed the streets of Del, sharpening his wits and gaining him the skills needed for his future quests. Though he did not know it, he was constantly protected by Barda the beggar whom he hated and he prided himself on his many \'lucky\' escapes. On his sixteenth birthday it is revealed to him that he must begin a dangerous quest to find the lost gems of the Belt of Deltora.
- **Barda**: Barda was enlisted as a friend by the king and queen of Deltora and was trusted to help him find the lost gems of Deltora sixteen years before the initial story took place. For the next sixteen years Barda disguised himself as a beggar so as to discover information vital to the quest. He also became the bodyguard of Jarred and Anna\'s child Lief, albeit without the semi-arrogant Lief\'s knowledge thereof. Upon Lief\'s sixteenth birthday Barda revealed himself to Lief and the quest for the gems of Deltora began. Though Barda was at first annoyed to travel encumbered by a child, he soon saw Lief as more of a help than a hindrance.
- **Jasmine**: Jasmine is a wild girl, described as having wild black hair and emerald green eyes who has grown up in the Forests of Silence, where Lief and Barda meet her shortly after leaving Del. Her parents were captured by Grey Guards when she was seven years old, and so she has been raised by the forest. She can understand the language of the trees and of many animals, and has incredibly sharp senses, but has trouble understanding some social customs. Jasmine is usually seen with her raven, Kree, and a mouse-like creature she calls Filli. Jasmine is like Lief and occasionally has a quick temper. After helping Lief and Barda in the forest and with the help of the topaz, she is greeted by her mother\'s spirit from beyond the grave, who tells her to go with Lief and Barda in their quest. After this encounter, she joins Lief and Barda in the search for the great gems that will complete the Belt.
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7,123,565 |
Pushkara
|
**Pushkara** (*translit=Puṣkara*) is a character in the ancient Indian epic, the Mahabharata, known primarily for his role in the episode of *Nala and Damayanti*. He is the younger brother of King Nala of Nishadha and serves as a pivotal antagonist during a key episode of Nala's life. Scheming with the gandharva Kali, he defeates Nala in a manipulated game of dice, robbing him of his kingdom and riches. Nala later defeats him in a rematch, and is restored as the king. Despite his actions and lust for Nala\'s wife, Damayanti, Pushkara is forgiven, and the brothers make their peace with each other.
## Biography
Pushkara is born to Virasena and is the younger brother of Nala. Twelve years after the marriage of Nala and Damayanti, Nala becomes spiritually defiled, which allows the malevolent spirit Kali to enter and possess him. In this corrupted state, Pushkara chemes with Kali and challenges Nala to a game of dice. Unknown to Nala, Dvāpara, an ally of Kali, has entered the dice themselves, ensuring that Pushkara wins consistently. Nala, under Kali\'s influence, accepts the challenge and engages in the game, losing repeatedly to Pushkara. The citizens of Niṣadha protest these developments, but Nala, gripped by his addiction and manipulated by supernatural forces, pays no heed. As the losses accumulate, Nala's position deteriorates drastically. Eventually, he gambles away his entire kingdom to Pushkara, retaining only Damayanti. After this, Pushkara becomes king of Niṣadha. Nala departs the city, wearing only a single garment, and is followed by Damayanti. Pushkara announces execution if anyone tries to help the couple.
Three years later, after a series of transformative experiences for Nala, including the loss of his identity and eventual restoration, he returns to Niṣadha. Now restored to his true form and free of Kali's influence, Nala challenges Pushkara to another game of dice. Confident in his previous success and hopeful of winning Damayanti for himself, Pushkara accepts the rematch. This time, however, the outcome is reversed. Nala defeats Pushkara decisively in the game. Displaying magnanimity and a sense of justice, Nala chooses to forgive Pushkara rather than punish him, and dispatches him from the kingdom. Nala then reclaims his throne and resumes his kingship over Niṣadha.
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Shimpotō
|
was a short-lived political party in Meiji period Japan.
## History
The Shimpotō was founded by Ōkuma Shigenobu in March 1896, as a merger of the Rikken Kaishintō and minor political parties to offset a temporary alliance between Ōkuma\'s rival, Itō Hirobumi and the Liberal Party of Japan (*Jiyutō*).
In June 1898, the Shimpotō merged with the Jiyutō to form the Kenseitō.
## Election results {#election_results}
Election Leader Seats Status
------------ ----------------- ------- --------
March 1898 Ōkuma Shigenobu
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7,123,571 |
D. C. Srikantappa
|
**D. C. Srikantappa** (born 6 March 1929) was a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represented the Chikmagalur constituency of Karnataka and was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) political party.
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7,123,572 |
JoAnn D. Osmond
|
**JoAnn D. Osmond** (April 6, 1946) is a former Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives, representing the 61st district from 2002 to 2014. She is also the owner of Osmond Insurance Services Ltd. Previously, Osmond served as Chairwoman of the Lake County Republican Central Committee from 1996 to 1998.
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7,123,576 |
Formacja Nieżywych Schabuff
|
**Formacja Nieżywych Schabuff** -- Polish pop band formed in 1985 in Częstochowa.
## Discography
### Studio albums {#studio_albums}
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------+
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions |
+=======================================================================================+===================================+======================+
| POL\ | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Wiązanka melodii młodzieżowych* | - Released: 1989 | --- |
| | - Label: Wifon | |
| | - Formats: CD, CS | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Schaby* | - Released: 1991 | --- |
| | - Label: Zic Zac | |
| | - Formats: CD, CS | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Urodziny* | - Released: 1993 | --- |
| | - Label: D\'art Corporation | |
| | - Formats: CD, CS | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Nasze piosenki najlepsze* | - Released: 1994 | --- |
| | - Label: Intersonus | |
| | - Formats: CD, CS | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Fantomas* | - Released: 1995 | --- |
| | - Label: Zic Zac | |
| | - Formats: CD, CS | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Foto* | - Released: 1998 | --- |
| | - Label: Pomaton EMI | |
| | - Formats: CD, CS | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------+
| *Supermarket* | - Released: March 10, 2003 | --- |
| | - Label: Universal Music Poland | |
| | - Formats: CD | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------+
| *24h* | - Released: June 6, 2008 | 36 |
| | - Label: Dream Music | |
| | - Formats: CD | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------+
| \"---\" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. | | |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------+
### Compilation albums {#compilation_albums}
+------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Title | Album details |
+==============================+======================================+
| *Z archiwum X-lecia* | - Released: Jun 19, 1999 |
| | - Label: Pomaton EMI |
| | - Formats: CD, CS |
+------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *Gold* | - Released: 2000 |
| | - Label: Koch International Poland |
| | - Formats: CD |
+------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *Złota kolekcja:\ | - Released: September 29, 2001 |
| Klub wesołego szampana* | - Label: Pomaton EMI |
| | - Formats: CD |
+------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| *Gwiazdy XX Wieku:\ | - Released: June 28, 2004 |
| Formacja Nieżywych Schabuff* | - Label: BMG Poland |
| | - Formats: CD |
+------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
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7,123,579 |
Chenderoh Lake
|
The **Chenderoh Lake** (*Tasik Chenderoh*) is a natural lake in Kuala Kangsar District, Perak, Malaysia. The lake has been dammed for Chenderoh Power Station.
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The Lake of Tears
|
***The Lake of Tears*** is the second book in the eight-volume *Deltora Quest* series written by Emily Rodda. It continues after the events of *The Forests of Silence*, as the three protagonists brave various dangers on their journey to find the seven missing gems of Deltora. The book was first published in 2001 by Scholastic.
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
In *The Forests of Silence*, the topaz had been retrieved by Lief, Barda, and Jasmine. They continue on their way to the Lake of Tears, to retrieve the ruby. They learn that the land surrounding the Lake of Tears is controlled by the evil sorceress Thaegan, who has 13 monster children. As the companions travel through the countryside they rescue a man named Manus from the Shadow Lord\'s servants, Grey Guards. Manus is from the city of Raladin. 100 years ago, Thaegan put a spell on Raladin that caused them and all of their offspring to never be able to speak. Lief, Barda, and Jasmine also learn that Thaegan put a spell on the city of D\'Or and turned it into the Lake of Tears. The companions, with Manus, escape from the Grey Guards only to be captured by Jin and Jod, two of Thaegan\'s children. They eventually defeat Jin and Jod and journey to the city of Raladin, where Manus hopes to find his people. Upon arrival, they find the city empty. Only when the Ralad people hear the companions, they come out of hiding. Lief, Barda, and Jasmine tell the Ralads that they must journey to the Lake of Tears, despite the Ralads pleas, but they do not tell them they are going in quest of one of the gems of the Belt of Deltora. Manus agrees to be their guide.
When they get to the Lake of Tears, the monster Soldeen attacks them. Soldeen is a giant fish-like creature who is very deadly and has the ability to speak. Using the power of the topaz, Lief persuades Soldeen to give them the ruby. As Soldeen agrees, Thaegan appears and threatens to kill them all. The ruby flies out of Lief\'s hand and into the depths of the Lake as Thaegan uses her magic to harm them. Just as Thaegan is about to kill them all, Jasmine\'s bird Kree comes and kills Thaegan by drawing blood. All of Thaegan\'s spells are broken: the Ralads can now speak and the Lake of Tears turns back into the city of D\'Or. Soldeen is a man named Nanion and gives the three companions the gem and wishes them well on their quest. The Belt now holds the topaz and ruby and now they journey towards the City of the Rats.
## Characters
- **Lief**: Lief is the main character of the series. Lief was born to parents Jared and Anna of the Forge. As a child Lief roamed the streets of Del, sharpening his wits and gaining him the skills needed for his future quests. Though he did not know it, he was constantly protected by Barda and he prided himself on his many \'lucky\' escapes. On his sixteenth birthday it is revealed to him that he must begin a dangerous quest to find the lost gems of the Belt of Deltora.
- **Jasmine**: Jasmine is a wild girl, described as having wild black hair and emerald green eyes who has grown up in the Forests of Silence, where Lief and Barda meet her shortly after leaving Del. Her parents were captured by Grey Guards when she was seven years old, and so she has been raised by the forest. She can understand the language of the trees and of many animals, and has incredibly sharp senses, but has trouble understanding some social customs. Jasmine is usually seen with her raven, Kree, and a mouse-like creature she calls Filli. Jasmine is like Lief and occasionally has a quick temper. After helping Lief and Barda in the forest and with the help of the topaz, she is greeted by her mother\'s spirit from beyond the grave, who tells her to go with Lief and Barda in their quest. After this encounter, she joins Lief and Barda in the search for the great gems that will complete the Belt.
- **Barda**: Barda was enlisted as a friend by the king and queen of Deltora and was trusted to help him find the lost gems of Deltora sixteen years before the initial story took place. For the next sixteen years Barda disguised himself as a beggar so as to discover information vital to the quest. He also became the bodyguard of Lief, albeit without Lief\'s knowledge thereof. Upon Lief\'s sixteenth birthday Barda revealed himself to Lief and the quest for the gems of Deltora began. Though Barda was at first annoyed to travel encumbered by a child, he soon saw Lief as more of a help than a hindrance.
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7,123,581 |
Readers' advisory
|
**Readers\' advisory** (sometimes spelled **readers advisory** or **reader\'s advisory**) is a service which involves suggesting fiction and nonfiction titles to a reader through direct or indirect means. This service is a fundamental library service; however, readers\' advisory also occurs in commercial contexts such as bookstores. Currently, almost all North American public libraries offer some form of readers\' advisory.
## History
### North America {#north_america}
> \"Setting a date for the start of what we now call readers advisory service, particularly readers advisory in the public library, is at best a frustrating, almost arbitrary exercise. Efforts at historical precision can founder on such basic issues as the absence of common definitions. For example, answers to such questions as \'What exactly is a public library?\" or \"What really is readers advisory?\" have long been disputed.\" (Bill Crowley, from his 2005 journal article \"Rediscovering the History of Readers Advisory Service\")
#### Opposing Viewpoints on the Merits of Different Types of Readers\' Advisory {#opposing_viewpoints_on_the_merits_of_different_types_of_readers_advisory}
The historical period divisions and merits of different types of readers\' advisory services is a hotly debated topic among librarians.
Bill Crowley, in his 2005 article, \"Rediscovering the History of Readers Advisory Service,\" breaks down the historical period divisions of the service into four eras:
- 1876 to 1920 -- \"Inventing\" Readers\' Advisory
- 1920 to 1940 -- \"Privileging Nonfiction\" in Readers\' Advisory
- 1940 to 1984 -- Readers\' Advisory \"\'Lost\' in Adult Services\"
- 1984 to 2005 (current at time of article) -- \"Reviving Readers\' Advisory\"
Juris Dilevko and Candice Magowan question the merits of the current readers\' advisory emphasis on popular fiction materials in their book \"Readers\' Advisory Service in North American Public Libraries, 1870--2005.\" They subdivide the history as:
- 1870 to 1916 -- \"The Formative Years\"
- 1917 to 1962 -- \"The Commitment to Systematic Adult Education\"
- 1963 to 2005 -- \"The Devolution into Entertainment\"
Dilevko and Mogowan write about \"readers\' advisory systematically committ\[ing\] itself to meaningful adult education through serious and purposeful reading\" up until the 1960s, when emphasis on \"popular culture resulted in the \'Give \'Em What They Want\' approach\" and \"The Devolution into Entertainment.\"
#### 1897--1920
In 1897, the ALA President stated that \"the personal influence of librarians who assisted and advised readers was the most potent force in molding community reading.\"
#### 1920--1980 {#section_1}
Organized readers\' advisory programs have been documented dating back to the 1920s. Between 1922 and 1926, readers\' advisory programs were experimentally introduced into seven urban libraries (Cleveland and Detroit, in 1922, Indianapolis, Milwaukee, and Chicago, in 1923 and 1924, and Cincinnati and Portland, OR).
The Adult Education Movement emerged in the 1920s in public libraries and was frequently discussed in American Library Association professional publications.
The 1924 report *The American Public Library and the Diffusion of Knowledge* by William Learned to the Carnegie Corporation sought to establish adult education as the focus of the public library, with personalized readers\' advisory service to adult readers by \"reference experts\" who would make up a \"community intelligence service.\"
The 1926 American Library Association \"book-length\" commission report *Libraries and Adult Education* placed high importance on readers\' advisory services in Adult Education. Judson T. Jennings provided a summary of the work, observing that the \"library\'s contribution to adult education resolved itself into three major activities:\"
> 1\. An information service regarding local opportunities for adult students.\
> 2. Service to other agencies engaged in adult education.\
> 3. Service to individual readers and students.
This new professional interest during the 1920s spurred the creation of specialized full-time readers\' advisory positions in major public libraries. By 1936, an estiminated, 50 public libraries had established readers\' advisory services.
Until the early 1960s, readers\' advisory focused on non-fiction materials and continuing adult education.
#### 1980s -- 2000s {#s_2000s}
Some librarians consider the early 1980s to be the beginning of a revival in readers\' advisory and praise the inclusion of fiction (including genre fiction: fantasy, mystery, romance, etc.) and write that historically readers\' advisory was biased in favor of nonfiction.
Others disapprove of the new approaches and changes in service. Dilevko and Magowan write \"Post-1980 readers\' advisory thus became an opportunity to converse with patrons about \'light, quick, escapist\' books \-- popular and ephemeral fiction and nonfiction for entertainment, pleasure, and recreation \-- because such conversations were not \'too burdensome\'.\"
In 1982, the term \"genreflecting\" was first coined by Betty Rosenberg, who authored: Genreflecting: A Guide to Reading Interests in Genre Fiction (Libraries Unlimited, 1982).
Another major influence on the spread and revival of readers\' advisory was the Adult Reading Round Table (ARRT), founded by a group of Chicago public librarians in 1984. The group organized workshops, seminars, and genre-study groups.
#### Current Interest {#current_interest}
Interest in readers\' advisory continues to grow. Libraries Unlimited Genreflecting Advisory Series has grown to 27 titles as of July 2008 (from 15 titles in 2005). Beyond traditional genres (fantasy, mystery, romance), some of the diverse offerings now include guides to LGBT literature, guides to graphic novels (comic books, manga, etc.), and Christian fiction.
> \". . . contemporary readers advisory service is best understood as an organized program promoting both fiction and nonfiction discretionary reading for the dual purposes of satisfying reader needs and advancing a culture\'s goal of a literate population.\" (Bill Crowley, from his 2005 journal article \"Rediscovering the History of Readers Advisory Service\")
## Types
### Direct readers\' advisory {#direct_readers_advisory}
Direct readers\' advisory is based on a non-judgmental assessment of the personal preferences of the reader through a series of questions, called a readers advisory conversation. The assessment focuses on reader likes and dislikes with regard to a number of factors, including subject, reading level, genre, writing style, the level of characterization, plot elements, storyline, pace, tone, frame, and setting. The hoped-for outcome of this interview is the identification of three or more appropriate suggestions (sometimes referred to as \"readalikes\"---especially when the interview was initiated by patron interest in new authors/titles similar to one enjoyed in the past). In identifying suitable suggestions, a readers\' advisor combines personal knowledge of material with a variety of specialized print and online resources to come up with appropriate suggestions. The goal of direct readers advisory is to *suggest* titles based on a reader\'s individual interests and tastes. Librarians who simply recommend their favorite books with little or no regard for the patron\'s own interests are not performing readers\' advisory.
For example, if a patron requests \"a good book,\" the readers\' advisor might ask the reader to describe a book they have enjoyed. The focus of the conversation is not on recitation of plot, but on the aforementioned appeal elements (i.e. pace, subject, tone, writing style, etc.). In our example, the patron tells the readers\' advisor of a humorous mystery novel with a sharp-tongued female protagonist. Our readers\' advisor also learns that the patron prefers fast-paced dialogue to excessive descriptive passages. Once the appeal elements have been identified (i.e. a humorous mystery featuring snappy dialogue and a female protagonist), the readers\' advisor will suggest appropriate titles in the collection by drawing on personal knowledge and/or by consulting appropriate print and online resources. Even though the patron requested a mystery, a skilled readers advisor will often offer a suggestion or two that point the reader to new a new vista outside of a mentioned genre or milieu.
Readers\' advisory can also be performed across multiple media. For example, a patron who likes the movie *Matilda* might be unaware that it is based on a book by Roald Dahl. Other patrons who enjoy audio books may be introduced to other titles read by the same person.
#### Questions to consider asking in the readers\' advisory interview {#questions_to_consider_asking_in_the_readers_advisory_interview}
In the 2005 edition of *Readers\' Advisory Services in the Public Library*, Joyce Saricks lists some questions for advisors to consider, such as:
- Are characters and plot quickly revealed or slowly unveiled? (Identifying Pacing)
- Is there more dialogue or more description? (Identifying Pacing)
- Is there a focus on a single character or on several whose lives are intertwined (Identify Characterization)
- Is the focus of the story more interior and psychological or exterior and action oriented? (Identifying Story Line)
### Indirect readers\' advisory {#indirect_readers_advisory}
Indirect readers\' advisory involves the creation of displays, bookmarks, and annotated book lists that a reader/patron can pick up and peruse on their own without actively engaging a readers\' advisor. Indirect readers\' advisory aids, particularly annotated book lists, focus on appeal elements rather than providing extensive plot summaries. Recently, some public libraries (like the [Williamsburg Regional Library](http://www.wrl.org/bookweb/RA/) in Virginia) have begun experimenting with form-based readers\' advisory, which allows for a richer indirect readers advisory experience.
Maintaining a Staff Recommendations display is another way to improve a library\'s readers\' advisory service. Since many readers are browsers, staff recommendations make it easier to select a book.
In their 2001 article \"Reader\'s Advisory: Matching Mood and Material,\" Ross and Chelton recommend placing books in four areas of the library in order to make the most of merchandising. These four areas are the entrance, the ends of stacks, high traffic areas, and the circulation desk. Placing the display in these areas ensure that patrons will see and, hopefully, utilize the books on display. Ross and Chelton also note that books, not posters and announcements, should be here because merchandised titles will circulate very quickly.
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Henry Moore (biographer)
|
**Henry Moore** (1751--1844) was an English Wesleyan minister and biographer of Wesley and several early Methodists..
## Life
Moore was born in a suburb of Dublin and apprenticed to a wood carver.
Impressed by the preaching of John Wesley, he frequented the Methodist meetings and joined a class in Dublin in 1777. He served from 1784 to 1786 as assistant traveling companion and amanuensis to Wesley, and again from 1788 to 1790.
Wesley made him one of his literary executors and appointed him to be, after his death, one of the 12 ministers to regulate the services of City Road Chapel. He was President of the Methodist Conference in 1804 and 1823. Moore rejected ordainment in the Church of England, although he accepted it from Wesley assisted by two Episcopal clergymen; opposed Thomas Coke\'s Lichfield scheme of 1794 for the creation of a Methodist hierarchy, and also the proposal brought forward in 1834 for the establishment of a theological school; and on the formation of a centenary fund in 1839 objected to the acquisition of land by the Methodist body.
## Works
In conjunction with Coke, and under the authority of the conference, Moore published a *Life of the Rev. John Wesley* in 1792. A new, more complete, *Life* was published in 1824-25. His *Life* was published by Mrs. Richard Smith, with autobiographical content, in 1844. Moore\'s other works are:
- *A Reply to Considerations in the Separation of the Methodists from the Established Church* (1794)
- *Life and Death of Mrs. Ann Moore* (1813)
- *Thoughts on the Eternal Sonship* (1816)
- *The Life of Mrs. Mary Fletcher of Madeley* (two volumes, 1817; ninth edition, 1838)
- *A Short Account of Mrs. Mary Titherington of Liverpool* (1819)
- *Sermons* (1830), with autobiography to 1791
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7,123,620 |
Harpasa
|
**Harpasa** (*Ἅρπασα*) was a city and bishopric in ancient Caria in Roman Asia Minor (Asian Turkey), which only remains a Latin Catholic titular see.
## History
Little is known of the history of this town, situated on the east bank of the Harpasus, a tributary of the Mæander. It is mentioned by Ptolemy, by Stephanus Byzantius, by Hierocles, and by Pliny the Elder. According to Pliny, there was in the neighbourhood a rocking stone which could be set in motion by a finger-touch, whereas the force of the whole body could not move it.
The Ancient Armenian village that resided in present-day Turkey hosts the ruined castle of **Arpaz**, in the district of Nazilli, nearly preserves the old name as does the Turkish form **Harpaskale**.
## Bishopric
It was important enough in the late Roman province of Caria (civil Diocese of Asia) to become a bishopric, a suffragan of the archbishopric of Stauropolis, in the sway of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Harpasa appears in the lists of the *Notitiae Episcopatuum* until the 12th or 13th century.
Lequien\'s *Oriens Christianus* I, 907 mentions only four historically documented bishops :
- Phinias, who took part in the First Council of Ephesus in 431
- Zoticus, at the Council of Chalcedon 451, ? represented by the presbyter Philotheos
- *Irenæus, who adhered the heresy Monophysitism*
- Leo, in Constantinople at the Council of Constantinople of 879--880 which rehabilitated Patriarch Photius I of Constantinople.
### Titular see {#titular_see}
The diocese was nominally restored (twentieth century?) by the Catholic Church as Titular bishopric of Harpasa (Latin) / Arpassa (Curiate Italian) / Harpasen(us) (Latin).
It is vacant since decades, having had the following incumbents, so far of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank, *including an Eastern Catholic :*
: BIOS TO ELABORATE
- Joseph Pfluger (later Archbishop) (1911.11.30 -- 1927.01.29)
- Blessed Bishop Pavel Peter Gojdic, Basilian Order of Saint Josaphat (O.S.B.M. -- Byzantine Rite) (1927.03.07 -- 1940.04.11)
- Bishop Stanislav Zela (1940.10.11 -- 1969.12.06)
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7,123,621 |
Haql
|
**Ḥaql** (*حَقْل*) or **Ḥaqal** (*حَقَل*) is a city in the northwest of Saudi Arabia near the head of the Gulf of Aqaba, adjacent to Aqaba across the Jordanian border. The coasts of Egypt, Israel, and Jordan can be seen from Haql.
Haql is a small city and it is not a port used for Red Sea shipping, and the relatively small Saudi population does not engage in water desalination. As a result, the reefs in this area are pristine and populated with diverse flora and fauna. The coasts of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba in this region are scenic. There are views of the mountains of the Sinai Peninsula across the Gulf of Aqaba. Shipping is limited to traffic to and from the Port of Aqaba, Jordan. It lies 5 km from the Jordanian border. It has become one of the most attractive cities to visit for diving sports and accommodation. The two most attractive factors are its climate and geographical location. The Saudi Commission for Tourism and Antiquities (SCTA) has added more than 4 attractive spots on Haql.
## Climate
Haql has a desert climate and most rainfall is in the winter. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is BWh. The average annual temperature in Haql is 24.3 °C. About 24 mm of precipitation falls annually.
## Possible name origin {#possible_name_origin}
The city of Haql may have been a corruption of \"Ashkelon\". In the Mishnah, at the beginning of Tractate Gittin (1:2) it is written \"\... and Ashkelon as the south\". There was a city named Ashkelon at the southern border of the Land of Israel south of the city of Elath. This city of Ashkelon is entirely unrelated to the city of Ashkelon on the Mediterranean coast. The researcher Haim bar Droma wrote \"There was another Ashkelon in the Gulf of Eilat. This was a common practice for ancient cities, many cities were named after other cities in the same region. It may be that this is the similarity in sound between \'Ashkelon\' and \'Haql\'.
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Guilford Tramway
|
The **Guilford Tramway** was a narrow gauge industrial railway at Sandwich in Kent, England in the first half of the twentieth century.
## History
A freight-only tramway was constructed to take freight from a wharf on the River Stour via Royal St. Georges Golf Club on onward to Sandwich Bay. The line was constructed by Thomas Jones and Sons in 1903. The line was `{{TrackGauge|3ft 6in}}`{=mediawiki} gauge, the gauge used by the Isle of Thanet Tramways and there was some possibility that it might have been incorporated into the Cinque Ports Light Railway, an abortive Electric Tramway Scheme which planned a coastal tram route from Ramsgate to Hastings.
There was a single 250 foot riverside siding with a run round loop at Guilford Wharf on a section of the River Stour known as Bowling Green Reach. These sidings included a steam crane and a small engine shed located to the North East of the wharf.
The line then passed in front of the Golf clubhouse where the rails could be seen on a level crossing of the clubhouse access road until as late as the 1970s. The line then continued to the North of Guilford Road until splitting and being aligned with King\'s Avenue and Waldershare Avenue at the end of which was the Guilford Hotel. The track can be clearly seen in this photo [1](http://www.dover-kent.com/Pictures/Guildford-Hotel-Sandwich.jpg). On Waldershare Avenue there was a small passing loop or refuge siding
The line was principally used to carry construction materials used to build the mansions that sprung up around the hotel. The line fell into disuse during the later part of First World War when some sleepers were reused to shore up defensive earthworks. It was occasionally used to serve the various army camps in the area. The line is believed to have closed in 1930.
The line may have been used during WW2 as part of the First US Army Group distraction scheme called Operation Quicksilver in the run up to the D-Day landings. However, the 1940 Luftwaffe Aerial Photo Reconnaissance set does not appear to show any track in existence but does show the alignment of the short WW1 siding built for the School of Musketry to Old Downs Farm.
A photo of the locomotive Waldershare can be found at [2](http://www.kenthistoryforum.co.uk/index.php?topic=11086.0)
The Tramway including the passing loop or refuge sidings are clearly shown on the 1908 6\" Ordnance Survey map see: [3](http://maps.nls.uk/view/101429667)
## Locomotives
Name Builder Type Date Works number Notes
-------------------- ---------------- --------- ------ -------------- -----------------------------------------------------------
*Waldershare Park* Manning Wardle 0-4-0ST 1903 1611 Survived the closure of the railway, scrapped around 1950
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7,123,624 |
Zack Padilla
|
**Zachary P. \"Zack\" Padilla** (born March 15, 1963, in Azusa, California), and also known as **Zack Attack**, is a retired American boxer and a former WBO Light Welterweight champion.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
Padilla turned pro in 1985 and retired shortly thereafter in 1986 after a TKO loss to Dwayne Prim.
In 1991, he returned to boxing and went on a nine-fight winning streak, which included victories over future champion James Page and former champion Roger Mayweather, before challenging for a world title. In 1993, he captured the WBO Light Welterweight Title in an upset unanimous decision victory over undefeated Carlos Gonzalez. Later that year, he was named the Ring magazine comeback fighter of the year. Padilla successfully defended his title four times with victories over Efrem Calamati (35-0-1), Ray Oliveira, Harold Miller, and former champion Juan Laporte. His fight with Olivera in 1993 once held the Compubox record for the most punches thrown in a fight at 3,020.
## Professional boxing record {#professional_boxing_record}
Result Record Opponent Type Round, time Date Location Notes
---- -------- ---------- --------------------- ------ ------------- ------------ ---------- -------
24 Win 22--1--1 Juan Laporte RTD 9 (12) 1994-07-24
23 Win 21--1--1 Harold Miller TKO 7 (12) 1994-04-18
22 Win 20--1--1 Dwayne Swift TKO 4 (10) 1994-03-12
21 Win 19--1--1 Ray Oliveira UD 12 (12) 1993-12-16
20 Win 18--1--1 Efrem Calamati TKO 8 (12) 1993-11-19
19 Win 17--1--1 Carlos González UD 12 (12) 1993-06-07
18 Win 16--1--1 Roger Mayweather SD 10 (10) 1993-04-24
17 Win 15--1--1 Ricky Meyers RTD 6 (10) 1993-02-05
16 Win 14--1--1 Miguel González UD 10 (10) 1992-12-09
15 Win 13--1--1 Jesus Cardenas TKO 5 (10) 1992-08-24
14 Win 12--1--1 José Castro TKO 6 (10) 1992-06-25
13 Win 11--1--1 Danny Perez UD 10 (10) 1992-03-19
12 Win 10--1--1 James Page UD 6 (6) 1991-11-15
11 Win 9--1--1 Cesar Valdez PTS 6 (6) 1991-08-26
10 Win 8--1--1 Johnny Gonzalez PTS 4 (4) 1991-06-17
9 Loss 7--1--1 Dwayne Prim TKO 2 (8) 1986-04-11
8 Win 7--0--1 Eddie Gonzalez KO 1 (8) 1986-02-07
7 Win 6--0--1 Frank Lopez TKO 2 (8) 1985-12-17
6 Win 5--0--1 Andres Felix TKO 3 (6) 1985-11-17
5 Win 4--0--1 Lawrence Caver TKO 4 (4) 1985-11-10
4 Win 3--0--1 Miguel Chamiso KO 1 (4) 1985-08-24
3 Draw 2--0--1 Ernie Landeros PTS 4 (4) 1985-07-25
2 Win 2--0 Carl McCoy KO 2 (?) 1985-06-10
1 Win 1--0 Francisco Gutierrez KO 2 (4) 1985-05-16
## Final retirement {#final_retirement}
During a sparring session with Shane Mosley, Padilla was hit with a hard punch which aggravated a head injury from his last fight. Padilla\'s boxing license was then suspended indefinitely, and he never fought again. He had a career record of 24-1-1 with 14 KOs.
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7,123,660 |
Anantkumar Hegde
|
**Anantkumar Hegde** (born 20 May 1968) is an Indian politician, the former Union Minister of State for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship and the former five time Member of Parliament for Uttara Kannada constituency. Hegde is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Hegde is a Hindu nationalist and a Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) volunteer.
## Early life {#early_life}
Hegde was born to Lalita and Dattatreya Hegde in Sirsi of Uttara Kannada district on 20 May 1968. He graduated from MM Arts & Science College in Sirsi. During college days he was member of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and later an ABVP activist. In 1998, Anant Kumar married Shrirupa Hegde and they have two children, a daughter and a son.
## Career
Six-time Lok Sabha member `{{as of|2020|lc=y}}`{=mediawiki}, Hegde was first elected to the 11th Lok Sabha in 1996 from Uttara Kannada seat, then re-elected in 1998. He narrowly lost in the next election in 1999 to Margaret Alva of Congress. Since then, he has been re-elected four consecutive times from Uttara Kannada (Lok Sabha constituency) from 2004 to 2009 Lok Sabha to 2019--2024.
He was appointed the Union Minister of State for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship in Prime Minister Narendra Modi\'s cabinet since September 2017.
## Social activities {#social_activities}
Hegde founded Kadamba group of organisations which works in the fields of multi-dimensional socioeconomic activities for the downtrodden, weaker and the vulnerable section of the society, particularly in the rural areas.
## Controversies
In January 2017, he was caught on camera assaulting and hitting a doctor for the alleged mistreatment of his mother at a hospital.
In 2018, speaking at a job fair and skill exhibition, he said that he will go ahead with his commitment of developing skills in the youth of India and not bother about the barking stray dogs, referring to groups protesting his earlier \"change constitution\" remark.
In 2018, he criticised the word *secular* and said that BJP government would \"amend the Constitution\" to remove the word from the Preamble.
He has claimed that Taj Mahal was originally a Shiv Mandir known as Tejo Mahalaya. After KPCC president Dinesh Gundu Rao questioned him over his achievements as a Union Minister, Hegde referred to Rao as \"a guy who ran behind a Muslim lady\".
In January 2019, he made a misogynistic comment against women entering the Sabarimala temple, which does not admit women, as a \"daylight rape on Hindus\".
In March 2019, he triggered controversy by calling the Congress president, Rahul Gandhi, a \"hybrid product that can be found only in Congress laboratory\". He said Gandhi claims to be a Brahmin \"despite being born to a Muslim father and a Christian mother\".
In September 2019, he once again triggered a controversy by calling the former IAS officer S. Sasikanth Senthil a traitor and asking him to go to Pakistan.
In February 2020, Hegde triggered another controversy by stating that the freedom fight led by Mahatma Gandhi was a drama. He attacked Gandhi by questioning how such a person be called a \'Mahatma\'. He again stated that the freedom movement in India was staged with the consent and support of the British.
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7,123,661 |
Dongmen, Shenzhen
|
`{{refimprove|date=September 2016}}`{=mediawiki} **Dongmen** (`{{zh|first=s|s=东门|t=東門|p=Dōngmén|j=dung1 mun4}}`{=mediawiki}; lit. \"East Gate\") is a subdistrict within Luohu District of Shenzhen, in China. It is a shopping district located on **Dongmen Pedestrian Street** (`{{zh|s=东门步行街|t=東門步行街|p=Dōngmén Bùxíngjiē|j=dung1 mun4 bou6 hang4 gaai1|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}).
## Name
As one of the older parts of Shenzhen, the Dongmen area was established about 300 years ago as the centre of the Shenzhen Market (深圳墟), the town which would later lend its name to the city. This leads it to be alternatively known as \"Laojie\" (lit. \"Old Street\").
## Location
Lying just north of Shennan East Road, Dongmen is accessible from Exit A of Laojie Station, Shenzhen Metro. \"Dongmen\" usually refers to more than just \"Dongmen Road\", encompassing the entire series of connecting commercial streets. These streets were pedestrianised in 1999.
## History
The first McDonald\'s in Mainland China opened in Dongmen in October 1990. There are brass plaques in front of the restaurant commemorating this and a number of other \"firsts,\" such as the first touch screen for ordering.
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Pennsylvania Route 64
|
**Pennsylvania Route 64** (**PA 64**) is a 21.3 mi north--south state route located in central Pennsylvania. At its southern terminus in Spring Township, PA 64 continues north from where Pennsylvania Route 26 turns to join Interstate 99 and U.S. Route 220. The northern terminus is at Pennsylvania Route 150 in Mill Hall. During its run, PA 64 carries the names Nittany Valley Drive and Water Street.
## Route description {#route_description}
PA 64 begins at an intersection with PA 26 in Spring Township, Centre County at the point PA 26 turns north onto a freeway. From here, the route heads northeast on two-lane undivided East College Avenue, heading through farmland with a few quarries. The road heads through more open agricultural areas with some housing developments as it crosses into Walker Township and intersects the northern terminus of PA 550. At this point, PA 64 becomes Nittany Valley Drive and heads through more farmland and homes. Farther northeast, the route passes through Hublersburg and runs through more rural areas. The road heads through farmland with some woods and homes as it reaches a junction with the northern terminus of PA 445 in the residential community of Nittany.
PA 64 enters Porter Township in Clinton County and runs through more rural residential areas, crossing Fishing Creek before passing through Lamar. After this, the road crosses the creek again and heads into agricultural areas before gaining a center left-turn lane as it interchanges with I-80/US 220 in a commercial area. Following this interchange, the route becomes a two-lane road again and runs through more open farmland with a few homes. PA 64 heads into Lamar Township and heads north-northeast. The road continues into wooded areas with some development, heading north onto Fernberg Road at Cedar Springs. The route intersects PA 477 and heads through a gap in forested Bald Eagle Mountain along with Fishing Creek and the US 220 freeway to the east, crossing into the borough of Mill Hall. PA 64 turns northwest and becomes South Water Street, passing between homes to the west and the Fishing Creek to the east. The road turns north and passes businesses along North Water Street, crossing a Nittany and Bald Eagle Railroad line. The route passes more residential and commercial establishments before ending at PA 150.
## Major intersections {#major_intersections}
## PA 64 Truck {#pa_64_truck}
**Pennsylvania Route 64 Truck** was a truck route around a weight-restricted bridge over the Big Fishing Creek near Lamar, Pennsylvania. The route followed PA 26 and I-80. The route was signed in 2013; six years later, a new bridge was constructed, and the truck route was removed.
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Temenggor Lake
|
**Temenggor Lake** (*Tasik Temenggor*) is a lake in Hulu Perak District, Perak, Malaysia. It is the second largest lake in Peninsular Malaysia after Kenyir Lake in Hulu Terengganu District, Terengganu. This man-made lake is located south of the 1,533 m high Ulu Titi Basah peak. The lake was created by the construction of Temenggor Dam to generate electric power. The lake is located about 45 km from the Hulu Perak district capital, Gerik. There is a bridge on the East-West Highway, which crosses the lake and passing through a man-made island called Banding Island (Pulau Banding).
## Recreational activity {#recreational_activity}
The Perak Fisheries Department is tasked with implementing the Temenggor Lake Management Plan. Lake Temenggor is divided into Conservation Zones, Recreational Fishing Zones and Commercial Zones. The Conservation Zone covers the northern part of Temenggor Lake as the Sungai Kejar, Sungai Tiang and Sungai Gadong.
## Freshwater fishing culture {#freshwater_fishing_culture}
Lake Temenggor was developed as a freshwater fish breeding site. The river fish are exposed to extinction due to toxic waste disposal, smuggling and use of chemicals and fish bombs, electric and tubular shock.
Since 1997, the Perak Fisheries Department has issued freshwater fish stems and seeds through the Central Fisheries Center (PPD) at Banding. PPD Banding is fully operational since 1 November 2006 and serves as an extension center providing technical advice, information and reference center.
High value fish such as Kelah, Temoleh, Baung, Clubau, Tengas, Loma, Tengalan, Sebarau and Lampam river can be found here. Many prawns are found in Perak River, Kinta River and Kampung Dew River in Kamunting, Taiping.
The Malaysia-Norway joint venture company, Trapia Malaysia Sdn Bhd, operates tilapia fish farming in Lake Banding on a commercial basis. Lake Temengor is targeted with producing 40,000 tonnes of fish per year from fish cage activities by 2013.
## Accidents
On 15 December 2007, 3 soldiers were killed when logs fell on their tents. The three victims were from 21 Royal Malay Regiment (RAMD) Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan who patrolled the Belum Forest.
Those killed were Corporal Fauzi Yamat, 35, from Kelantan; Personnel Mohd Yazman Yaakub, 35, from Pasir Putih, Kelantan and Private Roslin Hassan, 22, from Setiu, Terengganu. Injured troops were Lt Shah Amirul Izham Shamsul Kamar; Lans Kpl Mohd Yusri Yusuf, Prebet Mohd Izham Ishak and Prebet Amar Mohamad Nordin. The victims were evacuated by a Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) helicopter.
## Notable features {#notable_features}
- Belum-Temengor
- Temenggor Lake Bridge
- Malaysian Public Works Department (JKR) East-West Highway Monument
- Orang Asli village
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Glasgow Green railway station
|
**Glasgow Green** was a railway station in the east end of Glasgow, Scotland.
The station was opened on 1 November 1895 and closed on 1 January 1917. It reopened on 1 June 1919 and closed again on 2 November 1953. The station then sat unused on the Argyle Line of the Glasgow suburban railway network, with no plans to reopen and its platforms removed. The lettering of the station name was in the same style of other Caledonian Stations, most notably on the main canopy of Glasgow Central.
On 20 March 2012, what remained of the station\'s façade (the southern and western walls, their windows and doorways bricked up) was demolished. Network Rail cited public safety as the reason, claiming the façade had become unsafe after sustaining storm damage.
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7,123,687 |
Manjunath Kunnur
|
**Manjunath Kunnur** (born 2 December 1954) was a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represented the Dharwad South constituency of Karnataka and was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) political party. He joined Indian National Congress and unsuccessfully contested 2009 Indian general election from Dharwad against Pralhad Joshi.
## Education
Manjunath Kunnur completed his B.Sc.,LL.B. (Spl.) from University Law College, Dharwad.
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7,123,693 |
Filippa Reinfeldt
|
**Filippa Désirée Amanda Cay Reinfeldt** (née **Holmberg**; 14 June 1967) is a Swedish politician of the Moderate Party. She served as Health Service Commissioner of Stockholm County from 2006 to 2014, with responsible for health care, social affairs and hospitals. She was previously mayor of Täby Municipality from 2005 to 2006. In July 2019, she was appointed the Moderate Party\'s spokesperson on LGBT-issues.
She was married to former Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt from 1992 until their divorce in 2013.
## Early life {#early_life}
Filippa Holmberg was born on 14 June 1967, the daughter of Senior Captain Cay Holmberg and his wife Ulla Molin. The parents divorced, and she grew up with her mother in Ålsten. She became a member of the Moderate Youth League (MUF) at the age of 13 and then pursued a humanistic-aesthetic program at Bromma gymnasium until 1986. After graduation, she was recruited to Timbro by Gunnar Hökmark. In 1989, she was recruited to the central MUF and participated in one of the largest recruitment projects in the organization\'s history: 200,000 first-time voters were called before the 1991 Swedish general election. In 1990, she was elected to the MUF board. Later, she was elected chairman of the Moderate Youth League in Solna Municipality.
## Career
Reinfeldt was Municipal Commissioner (*kommunalråd*) of Täby, Uppland, from 2002 and Mayor and Chairperson (Mayor) of the Täby Municipal Executive from 2005 until 2006. Reinfeldt was appointed to several posts (*förtroendevald*) in the Stockholm City Council from 1991 to 1994 and councillor in the Stockholm County Council from 1994.
Filippa Reinfeldt\'s position as a politician was used by the Swedish Social Democratic Party to criticise Fredrik Reinfeldt during the 2006 Swedish general election. Following the 2006 general election Filippa Reinfeldt was re-elected as a Mayor in Täby with the Moderate Party alone gaining over 50% of the votes in the Täby municipal election. She resigned shortly afterwards in order to become County Commissioner of Health Services in the administration of Chris Heister.
On 16 October 2014 she challenged incumbent Finance Commissioner Torbjörn Rosdahl following the 2014 general election but lost, with the votes 20 for her against 22 for Rosdahl. She subsequently announced that she will retire from politics.
On 19 December 2014, Dagens Industri revealed that Reinfeldt would become a partner of private-owned health care company Aleris with responsible for business development and public affairs by February 2015.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Filippa Reinfeldt met her future husband Fredrik Reinfeldt in 1989 when the two presided at the Moderate Youth League. They married in 1992 in Skeppsholmskyrkan and later moved to Täby. On 7 March 2012, the couple announced their separation. On 11 July, the couple signed their divorce application (customarily pending for six months). On 20 February 2013, they signed the last papers that finalised their divorce. They have three children.
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Pralhad Joshi
|
**Pralhad Venkatesh Joshi** (born 27 November 1962) is an Indian politician who is the Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution and the Minister of New and Renewable Energy since 2024. He was also the Union Minister of Parliamentary Affairs, the Minister of Coal and the Minister of Mines from 2019 to 2024. Joshi has also been a Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha since 2004, representing the Dharwad Lok Sabha constituency. He was also the State President of Bharatiya Janata Party, Karnataka (BJP) from 2014 to 2016. He served in the panel of chairpersons of the Lok Sabha (2014--2018).
Joshi first came to public notice with Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) when they organised a movement to hoist the Flag of India at the Idagah Maidan Hubli Karnataka during 1992--1994. Recently the Supreme Court of India has upheld the Karnataka High Court order restoring the ownership of the said maidan to the Hubli-Dharwad Municipal corporation. He has been elected to Lok Sabha in the general elections of 2004, 2009, 2014, and 2019.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Pralhad Joshi was born on 27 November 1962 in Bijapur, Mysore State, India, to father, Venkatesh Joshi, and mother, Malatibai Joshi. His father was an Indian Railways employee and Joshi is the third of his parents. Joshi\'s primary education was in the Railway School, his secondary education in New English School in Hubballi**,** and for his higher education, Joshi graduated from Shri Kadasiddeshwar Arts College in Hubballi.
Joshi has been member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) from a young age and he attended the RSS\' training camps.
## Early political career {#early_political_career}
An industrialist by vocation in his early days, Pralhad Joshi ingratiated himself into the political fray by organising a movement to hoist the Tri-colour flag at Idagah Maidan (also known as Kittur Rani chennamma Maidan) Hubli Karnataka from 1992 to 1994. He also led the \"Save Kashmir Movement\" during those years, which established him as a known figure in those regions of the state. He was then elected the president of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in Dharwad district. He first contested in the 14th Lok Sabha elections in 2004, where he won from the Dharwad Lok Sabha constituency by defeating INC\'s B.S Patil.
He\'s won three consecutive elections from that constituency and is the incumbent MP of Dharwad. In the 2009 General elections, he won by second highest margin amidst 28 constituencies in Karnataka, while most of the ministers and Members of Parliament secured a loss in the same year. In 2019, he retained the Dharwad seat for a second term by a margin of over one lakh votes.
## Union Minister {#union_minister}
Joshi took oath as a Cabinet minister on 30 May 2019, and he was appointed the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs, the Minister of Coal and the Minister of Mines. His tenure in these ministerial posts lasted till June 2024, and after the 2024 Indian general election, Joshi was appointed the Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution and the Minister of New and Renewable Energy in June 2024. Joshi\'s win, for the fifth time in a row, from the Dharwad Lok Sabha constituency was a record of consecutive wins by any candidate in the constituency; however Joshi stated that he was unhappy due to winning with a reduced vote margin.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Joshi is married to Jyoti Joshi and they have three daughters. Joshi has been reported to be a reader and has interests in Indian classical music and cricket.
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Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences
|
**Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences** is the school of liberal arts at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas. The college was named in 1981 in honor of its benefactors, Robert H. Dedman, Sr. and his wife, Nancy McMillan Dedman, both of Dallas.
## Areas of study {#areas_of_study}
Bachelor\'s, Master\'s, and doctoral degrees are offered through 16 departments in the humanities, social sciences, and the mathematical and natural sciences. Competitive Graduates: The percentage of Dedman students accepted to medical school is typically 10-20 points higher than the national average each year. Publications: Faculty members publish with such university presses as Oxford, Cambridge, Harvard, and Yale. Many of their publications can be seen at the Barnes & Noble SMU Bookstore, which has a section devoted to faculty authors.
## Research grants {#research_grants}
In 2004, Dedman College researchers generated \$7,752,800 of SMU\'s \$19.6 million in competitive research grants, an amount that has increased 52 percent since 1994. Renovated Facilities: In 2006, Dedman College completed the second phase of renovation for the Fondren Science Building, which houses the Department of Chemistry and the Department of Physics. During the prior five years, more than \$28 million supported construction and renovation projects for science facilities within the College.
## University Honors Program in the Liberal Arts {#university_honors_program_in_the_liberal_arts}
In 1966, Dr. Franklin G. Balch, a political science professor at SMU, founded the \"Superior Studies Program\" consisting of 40 students. Over the next decade, Superior Studies was divided between Departmental and General Education programs. Thus, the University Honors Program developed, growing in 2006 to a group of more than 850 students who complete a required minimum of seven courses in the humanities. The UHP (as it is commonly called) focuses on an interaction-based pedagogy. The program notably features smaller classes, highly acclaimed professors, guest lecturers on controversial topics, and free special events for its participants.
## Notable people {#notable_people}
Humanities and Sciences, Dedman College of Category:1981 establishments in Texas
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7,123,752 |
Nerve fascicle
|
A **nerve fascicle** is a bundle of nerve fibers belonging to a nerve in the peripheral nervous system. A nerve fascicle is also called a **fasciculus**, as is a nerve tract in the central nervous system.
A nerve fascicle is enclosed by perineurium, a layer of fascial connective tissue. Each enclosed nerve fiber in the fascicle is enclosed by a connective tissue layer of endoneurium. Bundles of nerve fascicles are called fasciculi and are constituents of a nerve trunk. A main nerve trunk may contain a great many fascicles enclosing many thousands of axons.
In the central nervous system a bundle of nerve fibers is called a nerve tract, and in neuroanatomy different tracts in the spinal cord are bundled into fasciculi such as the medial longitudinal fasciculus. In the spinal cord fasciculi are bundled into columns called funiculi such as the anterior funiculus.
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Glasgow Cross railway station
|
**Glasgow Cross** was a railway station in the city centre of Glasgow.
## History
This station was opened on 1 November 1895 by the Glasgow Central Railway.
It was closed, with the line through Glasgow Central (Low Level), on 5 October 1964.
## Argyle Line {#argyle_line}
When the Argyle Line was opened in 1979, Glasgow Cross station was not reopened, being replaced by the new Argyle Street station to the west. Today it is now a ghost station and at surface level the only evidence of its existence are decorative ventilation grilles on the traffic island, between Trongate and London Road, whilst at track level there is a widening of the formation.
There have been proposals of the station being re-opened as an interchange as part of Crossrail Glasgow, which includes proposals for a new Glasgow Cross station located on the City Union bridge, tucked behind the Mercat Building.
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7,123,766 |
Darrell Fullington
|
**Darrell L. Fullington** (born April 17, 1964) is an American former professional football safety.
Fullington was selected in the fifth round out of the University of Miami to the Minnesota Vikings in the 1988 NFL draft. Fullington was also with the New England Patriots, waived by them in September 1991 and eventually claimed by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He started for most of the 1992 season, having been primarily a nickel back and special teamer under Bucs coach Richard Williamson.
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7,123,778 |
Michael W. Tryon
|
**Michael W. Tryon** (born July 30, 1955) was a Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives, representing the 66th district from 2013 to 2017 and the 64th district from 2005 to 2013. Previously, he served on the McHenry County Board from 1989 to 2004 and held the leadership position of County Board Chairman from 1998 to 2004.
## Biography
A native of Terre Haute, Indiana, Tryon graduated from North Vigo High School in 1973. Tryon then went on to graduate from Indiana State University in 1978, where he earned a B.S. in Environmental Health Science.
Tryon moved to McHenry County, Illinois in 1977 to take a job with the McHenry County Health Department. Tryon took a job in the private sector in 1980 and founded a water treatment testing lab in 1986. In 1988, Tryon was elected to the McHenry County Board, and in 1998 his fellow board members elected him Chairman of the County Board. Tryon remained chairman until his election to the Illinois House of Representatives in 2004.
Tryon served as Chairman of the McHenry County chapter of the Republican Party from 2008 to 2014.
Tryon was first elected to the Illinois House of Representatives in the 2004 election and took office in January 2005. He authored 70 pieces of legislation that became law during his tenure as state representative. In June 2015, Tryon announced that he would not run for re-election in 2016, citing his support for term limits for elected officials as a reason.
Tryon was one of only five Illinois representatives to vote against the Illinois Right to Vote Amendment on its passage in the Illinois House of Representatives. The bill subsequently was passed unanimously in the Illinois Senate, and was approved as a constitutional amendment by the voters of Illinois.
### Committee assignments in the Illinois House (98th General Assembly) {#committee_assignments_in_the_illinois_house_98th_general_assembly}
- Energy (Republican Spokesperson)
- Business Growth & Incentives; Environment (Republican Spokesperson)
- Executive; Mass Transit (Republican Spokesperson)
- Appropriations-Public Safety
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Tryon is married to Cathy Tryon and they have three children together.
Tryon plays in a band that includes himself, as well as fellow Illinois legislators Chad Hays and Don Harmon.
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Davington Light Railway
|
The **Davington Light Railway** was a narrow gauge railway built to serve the armaments factories near Davington, in Kent, England. It ran between Davington and Uplees.
## History
Munitions have been produced at Faversham since 1561. Three gunpowder factories had been established by 1786, though a serious explosion in 1847 put a temporary end to production. In 1873, the Cotton Powder Company built a factory to produce gun cotton on Uplees Marsh. In 1912, a second factory was built by the Explosives Loading Company, with a third by Eley Brothers Ltd. established nearby at Harty Ferry.
The outbreak of the First World War saw a massive increase in the need for munitions. The mills in the marshes near Faversham were a major production centre, sending their output by river barges to the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich. Hundreds of workers were travelling daily across the marshland from nearby villages and towns to work in the mills. 1916 was a particularly wet year, and these journeys became intolerable. In order to efficiently move workers to and from the factories, the Davington Light Railway was laid between Davington and between Uplees.
The carriages were all open sided, with curtains to keep the weather out. As well as the terminus stations, there was also a halt at Oare. Separate trains were provided for men and women, on account of the coarse language the men used.
Freight was also carried, including acid, coal, cotton, detonators, mines and shells. Four wagons from the Davington Light Railway were purchased by Colonel Stephens for use on the Rye and Camber Tramway.
The line closed at the end of World War I, and the line and its equipment were sold by auction. During World War II, the tunnel at Oare was used as an air raid shelter. The station sites at Davington and Uplees have been obliterated by development, but the route of the trackbed at Oare can be traced, and the tunnel under the road at Oare still exists.
## Route
The southern terminus of the railway was at Davington, where there was a station with goods yard and locomotive shed. The line headed northwards across the marshes. The first station was about 1000 yds north at Oare, where a halt was provided. The line then entered the 80.5 ft Oare Tunnel, passing under a minor road. The line was climbing through the tunnel and continued to the low summit. From there it dropped down towards The Swale as it crossed Uplees Marches. The northern terminus of the passenger line was at Uplees Station.
## Locomotives
+--------+----------------+-------------------+------------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Number | Builder | Wheel Arrangement | Date built | Works number | Notes |
+========+================+===================+============+==============+================================================================================+
| 1 | Manning Wardle | | 1916 | 1914 | Sold after the railway closed; exported to Brazil |
+--------+----------------+-------------------+------------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | Manning Wardle | | 1916 | 1915 | Sold after the railway closed; exported to Brazil. Was used at Imbituba Docks. |
+--------+----------------+-------------------+------------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | Manning Wardle | | 1916 | 1916 | \ |
| | | | | | Sold after the railway closed; exported to Brazil. Was used at Imbituba Docks. |
+--------+----------------+-------------------+------------+--------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
One of the locomotives is believed to be still in existence. Often quoted as works number 1916, the actual locomotive would appear to be works number 1915, carrying the worksplate of its sister.
## Gauge
According to Taylor, the gauge was 3 ft but some other sources give `{{RailGauge|1m}}`{=mediawiki}. The exact gauge will probably never be known.
The Davington Light Railway was built to the gauge that was already in use at the explosives factories. The first locomotive there was a German-built Deutz petrol locomotive, delivered just before the start of World War I. Possibly this was of `{{RailGauge|1m}}`{=mediawiki} gauge and the track was built to fit it. The Deutz locomotive was later supplemented by five Ruston Proctor petrol/paraffin locomotives, one of which is owned by the Vale of Rheidol Railway and stored at Aberystwyth, where it is shown as ex-Cotton Powder Company Ruston Proctor 4wPM, works no 51168 of 1916; it was built to `{{RailGauge|1m}}`{=mediawiki}.
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Jason McGill
|
**Jason Alexander McGill** (born 7 April 1966) is a former chairman of York City Football Club, a professional football club in York, North Yorkshire, England.
## Biography
Jason Alexander McGill was born on 7 April 1966. McGill played football for the reserve team of then non-League cub Wycombe Wanderers whilst at university in London.
He grew up as a York City supporter and made a donation of £50,000 to the club while it was undergoing financial difficulties. He joined York City as a director after the Supporters\' Trust completed their takeover of the club on 26 March 2003, eventually taking the role of managing director in September 2004 after Steve Beck resigned as chairman.
McGill was heavily involved in negotiating the deal for York City to gain full control of Bootham Crescent, after over 99% of the shareholders of Bootham Crescent Holdings voted in favour of the deal in January 2005. He also secured sponsorship from Nestlé Rowntree for Bootham Crescent in January 2005, which saw the ground renamed KitKat Crescent.
The York City Supporters\' Trust voted by three to one to accept a takeover offer made by McGill at a meeting on 6 June 2006. His company J M Packaging offered to invest a substantial sum into the club, in return for a majority shareholding. He assumed the role of chairman at York by the start of the 2008--09 season.
His sister Sophie Hicks was on the board at York as Communications Director until stepping down in May 2016.
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7,123,815 |
Municipal commissioner (India)
|
In India, the **municipal commissioner** or **municipal secretary** is the chief executive officer and administrative head of a municipal corporation. Unlike the mayor, who is the elected (directly or indirectly) ceremonial head, the municipal commissioner is a civil servant appointed by the state government.
## Administration
Every municipal corporation in India is administratively headed by a municipal commissioner or municipal secretary, the form of government which is usually granted to a city of more than one million in population.
While a mayor is elected to serve as the ceremonial head of a municipal corporation, a municipal commissioner or municipal secretary is appointed by the state government from the Indian Administrative Service or Provincial Civil Service to head the administrative staff of the municipal corporation, to implement the decisions of the corporation, and prepare its annual budget.
In cities other than New Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, and Bangalore, officials from the IAS as well as the State Civil Service are appointed. They are assisted by many additional municipal commissioners, Joint Municipal Commissioners, Deputy Municipal Commissioners and Assistant Municipal Commissioners.
A Nagar Panchayat is set up for small towns. A small city has Municipal Council. A Municipal Corporation is set up for large populations of over 200,000.
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7,123,832 |
Temenggor Lake Bridge
|
**Temenggor Lake Bridge** is the longest highway bridge on the East-West Highway, (Federal Route 4). Opened on 1 July 1982, the bridge crosses Temenggor Lake, which was created after the construction of Temenggor hydroelectric dam in Perak, Malaysia. There are two sections of the bridge, in west side (880 metres) and east side (640 metres).
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7,123,834 |
Karkotaka
|
**Karkotaka** (*translit=Karkoṭaka*) is a naga king in Hinduism. One of the children of Kashyapa and Kadru, Karkotaka is regarded to have lived in a forest near the Nishadha Kingdom. According to Hindu mythology, he stings King Nala, transforming him into a twisted and ugly shape.
## Legend
Karkotaka once deceived Narada, the divine sage, in a game of chance. Angered, Narada cursed him that he would remain stationary in the forest until he is saved by King Nala. In the *Mahabharata*, Karkotaka encountered King Nala when there was a wildfire in the forest where he dwelt, calling out to the king to rescue him. Reducing himself to the size of a thumb, he urged Nala to save him, and the king promptly moved the serpent to a safer spot. Thus, he was freed from Narada\'s curse. Karkotaka asked the king to step forward ten steps, and after he did so, stung him, causing him to turn ugly. The serpent explained that he had stung the king because the malevolent Kali had possessed him, and the latter should have to suffer for it. He assured Nala that he would face no danger and be undefeatable in battle as along as the poison remained in his body. He then asked Nala to go to Rituparṇa, King of Ayodhya, and work for him as a charioteer under the alias Bahuka. He told the king to teach Rituparna the Aśvahṛdaya mantra, and learn the Akṣahṛdaya mantra in exchange, after which he would be reunited with his family. He also offered Nala two garments, which he could wear to regain his original form. It is believed that dwelling on Karkotaka allows one to be safeguarded against the asura Kali.
He is counted among the Eight Naga Kings in Hindu sources.
## Tibetan Buddhism {#tibetan_buddhism}
In the Nāga Menaka offering, Karkotaka is described as being white in color and situated in the southwest of the great lake visualized by the meditator.
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Eurocephalus
|
***Eurocephalus*** is a small genus of passerine birds containing two species commonly known as **white-crowned shrikes**.
## Extant Species {#extant_species}
Image Scientific name Common Name Distribution
------- ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Eurocephalus ruppelli* Northern white-crowned shrike or white-rumped shrike east Africa from south eastern South Sudan and southern Ethiopia to Tanzania
*Eurocephalus anguitimens* Southern white-crowned shrike or white-crowned shrike Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.
## Description
The white-crowned shrikes are large brown and white shrikes found in sub-Saharan Africa. They are gregarious species, unlike the *Lanius* shrikes, and have a parrot-like flight.
*Eurocephalus* shrikes are birds of savanna and open woodland habitats, typically seen perched upright on a prominent thornbush perch. These species primarily take large insects, but will occasionally eat fruit which has fallen to the ground.
The male and female are similar in plumage in both species but are distinguishable from immature birds.
## Taxonomy
The genus *Eurocephalus* was introduced in 1836 by the zoologist Andrew Smith to accommodate a single species, the southern white-crowned shrike. He placed the genus in the crow family Corvidae. It was later transferred to the shrike family Laniidae.
A recent analysis of their phylogenetic relationships using molecular markers found them more closely related to the crows than the shrikes and suggested they be placed in a new family, Eurocephalidae. This placement was supported by morphological characteristics, their specialised dietary niche and their cooperative breeding.
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Vector magnetograph
|
A **vector magnetograph** is a type of imaging telescope that can estimate the 3-D vector of the magnetic field on a distant body with a resolved line spectrum. Magnetographs are useful for studying the Sun because the surface magnetic field is important to the creation and maintenance of the solar corona, and gives rise to the phenomena of solar flares and space weather.
Vector magnetographs measure the longitudinal (line-of-sight) component of the magnetic field separately from the transverse (image-plane) components, using different aspects of the Zeeman splitting that affects the wavelength of emission and/or absorption spectral lines in the presence of a magnetic field. The Zeeman splitting is caused by the fact that individual atoms are magnetized due to the circulating motion of electrons bound to them. Emission or absorption of a photon changes the magnetic moment of the atom. In a magnetic field, photons emitted with different polarizations gain or lose energy depending on their orientation relative to the surrounding magnetic field, changing the characteristics of the spectral line---some polarization components are blue-shifted or red-shifted relative to the line\'s reference wavelength, by a factor proportional to the field intensity.
Specifically, the circular-polarized component of the light is shifted in wavelength proportional to the field strength in the direction of the observer, and the wavelength shift of the vertical and horizontal linearly-polarized components measures the field strength in those directions.
A vector magnetograph works in a very narrow waveband around a single spectral line, for example the 525.02 nm \'Fe I\' line from neutral (non-ionized) iron. The measured shifts in wavelength are fractions of a picometre. Measuring the full spectral profile of the line with this precision requires a high-dispersion spectrograph and a long time to collect sufficient photons to make the measurement with precision. For example, SOLIS requires about an hour to gather polarized spectral profiles over the whole Sun, and Hinode, the recently launched spacecraft with a 0.5-meter solar telescope on board, takes about an hour to cover a 164-arcsecond-square field (1% of the Sun) at very high spatial resolution. Other types of magnetograph use narrowband filter imaging to produce a measurement of the first few moments of the spectral line, and operate much more quickly: the HMI instrument on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory will produce a vector magnetogram every few minutes.
The splitting effect is antisymmetric along the line-of-sight, but symmetric transverse to the line of sight, so the transverse component of the field can only be measured up to a factor of -1: there is a **180° ambiguity** in vector magnetograph measurements of portion of the magnetic field that is perpendicular to the line of sight of the instrument.
Notable existing vector magnetographs include the IVM at the Mees Observatory in Hawaii, SVM at Udaipur Solar Observatory, India, the SOLIS instrument at the National Solar Observatory (strictly speaking, SOLIS is a scanned spectropolarimeter), and the narrowband filtergraph instrument on the Hinode spacecraft. Planned instruments include a vector polarimeter at the Advanced Technology Solar Telescope slated to be built in the 20-teens, and the HMI instrument aboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory, launched in February 2010.
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Kenny Milne (footballer)
|
**Kenneth Milne** (born 26 August 1979) is a Scottish former professional footballer.
## Career
Despite his 6\'3\" stature, Milne actually started his career as a left winger with Heart of Midlothian whom he signed for from Rangers Boys Club in 1995. He was loaned to Cowdenbeath for the 1998--99 season before making his Hearts debut the following year. In 2000, Craig Levein, previously his manager at Cowdenbeath, was appointed Hearts head coach and their familiarity coupled with Hearts\' lack of transfer funds, ensured Milne was afforded more first team opportunities. However, Milne was unable to establish himself in the Tynecastle side\'s starting XI and he left for Partick Thistle in 2002.
Milne\'s first season at Firhill was successful, the Jags exceeding expectations of relegation from the SPL by finishing 10th. Milne himself was converted to a leftback/left-sided centreback by manager John Lambie, and made numerous first team appearances in his new position. Partick struggled following Lambie\'s retirement though, and following successive relegations in 2003--04 and 2004--05, Milne moved to newly promoted Falkirk. Milne enjoyed relative success at the Falkirk Stadium in 2005--06, playing regularly as the Bairns reaffirmed their top-flight status, as well as notching his first SPL goal.
In July 2008, Milne signed for Football League One side Scunthorpe United on a two-year deal. After an impressive debut for Scunthorpe, Milne was carried off in only his 2nd appearance for his new side and subsequently suffered further setbacks. Despite a few attempted returns, he was eventually forced into early retirement in mid-2010, having only made a total of 8 appearances for the club. He remained at Scunthorpe in an unpaid coaching role, while undergoing rehabilitation. In January 2011 it was reported that he was set to make an unexpected return for Scunthorpe\'s reserves team. He would be required to play as a trialist as he is no longer a registered player. In February 2011, he was told to leave Scunthorpe United by then-manager Ian Baraclough if he wished to play football again.
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7,123,875 |
Mystic Seaport Light
|
**Mystic Seaport Light** is a lighthouse at the south end of Mystic Seaport, 2 mi upriver from Noank, Connecticut. It is a two-story white shingled structure topped with a glass-enclosed lantern, a replica of the 1901 Brant Point Light. The Mystic Seaport Light was designed by William F. Herman Jr. and constructed in 1966. It was formally dedicated on August 31, 1967, but it remained unlit due to navigational regulations imposed by the United States Coast Guard. The Mystic Seaport light is now an active light, but not an official aid to navigation.
The structure was used as an example of a lighthouse for Mystic Seaport visitors, but it was not part of an exhibit until a 2008 renovation. The interior of the lighthouse was equipped with five LCD televisions to display two short educational films that highlight the history and architectural diversity of American lighthouses.
## Design and construction {#design_and_construction}
The Mystic Seaport Light was designed by William F. Herman Jr. and constructed by Engineered Building in 1966. Funds for the project were donated by Mr. and Mrs. John P. Blair. Mr. Blair was a member of the Board of Trustees of the Marine Historical Association since 1963. The Marine Historical Association was the original name for the Mystic Seaport. Coast Guard Auxiliary members from Maine and Delaware donated \$5,000 to build the keeper\'s cottage.
The original artist\'s conception called for a generic lighthouse that was designed to be representative of all lighthouses, but the design was changed to a replica of the 1901 Brant Point Light located on Nantucket Island in Massachusetts. It is a two-story white shingled structure topped with a glass-enclosed lantern standing at the tip of Shipyard Point. The light measures 18 ft by 12 ft by 38 ft. The lighthouse houses a fourth order Fresnel lens.
The design of the keeper\'s house did not change much from the original artist\'s conception, though Tim Harrison notes that \"it does not resemble a typical lighthouse keeper\'s house.\" The dedication of the lighthouse was held on August 31, 1967, which was described as \"another quiet but proud ceremony\" by Mystic Seaport. Care and maintenance of the lighthouse is performed by the Mystic Seaport.
## Operational requirements {#operational_requirements}
The Mystic Seaport Light is subject to United States Coast Guard regulations to become operational because it is a full-sized replica of a lighthouse; requirements include supervisory schedules and installation of an emergency backup light. This was not a financial priority for Mystic Seaport in 1967 and it was not made a fully functional lighthouse.
In 1979, Brierley noted that the present use of the lighthouse remained as \"an example of a lighthouse used as a navigational aid.\" It was used as the starting mark for the Mystic River Day seine boat race in 1981. It became active in 2014, using a fourth order Fresnel lens on loan from the Coast Guard, but it is not an official aid to navigation.
## Design renovation {#design_renovation}
In late 2007, the Mystic Seaport asked Oudens Ello Architecture of Boston to develop a design proposal for the light. Oudens Ello Architecture developed a \"multilayered system of open wood slats and sound absorptive material creating an interior environment evocative of a Nantucket basket.\" The task called for an \"audio-visual display in a single, conical room of little more than 100 square feet.\" The renovated exhibit was also made wheelchair accessible via a ramp.
## Sentinels of the Sea {#sentinels_of_the_sea}
In July 2008, the Mystic Seaport Light became part of the visitor experience when the interior was opened as part of the \"Sentinels of the Sea\" exhibit. The exhibit displays two short educational films, *The Heyday of Lighthouses* and *How to Look at a Lighthouse*, on five LCD screens. The two films highlight the history and architectural diversity of American lighthouses.
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Kpist (band)
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**Kpist** is a Swedish electronic rock band from Umeå noted for releasing music heavily influenced by video games and video game culture. Their name is short in Swedish for *kulsprutepistol*, which translates to *submachine gun*.
Several of their more popular tracks are tributes to gaming, while using gaming terminology to touch deeper matters. For example, their 2002 release *Enemies of Silence* featured a track named *C64*, a reference and tribute to the classic computer Commodore 64, which also talks about independence, freedom and control, with such lines as \"I know it makes you sick that your movements are decided by a joystick.\"
Some songs were used in the 2002 movie *Livet i 8 Bitar*.
## Discography
- *Voltage Controlled*, 1997
- *Enemies of Silence*, 2002
- *C64*, 2002
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7,123,900 |
Aldermaston Gravel Pits
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**Aldermaston Gravel Pits** is a 24.6 ha biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Aldermaston in Berkshire. It was purchased by Natural England in 2003.
This site consists of mature flooded gravel workings surrounded by dense fringing vegetation, trees and scrub, affording a variety of habitats for breeding birds and a refuge for wildfowl. The irregular shoreline, with islands, promontories, sheltered eutrophic pools and narrow lagoons provides undisturbed habitat for many water birds including surface feeding ducks such as teal and shoveler. The surrounding marsh and scrub are important for numerous birds including nine breeding species of warblers, water rails, kingfishers and an important breeding colony of nightingales.
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7,123,903 |
Householder (Buddhism)
|
In English translations of Buddhist texts, **householder** denotes a variety of terms. Most broadly, it refers to any layperson, and most narrowly, to a wealthy and prestigious familial patriarch. In contemporary Buddhist communities, householder is often used synonymously with *laity*, or non-monastics.
The Buddhist notion of householder is often contrasted with that of wandering ascetics (*Pāḷi}}*: *`{{IAST|samaṇa}}`{=mediawiki}*; Sanskrit: *`{{IAST|[[śramaṇa]]}}`{=mediawiki}*) and monastics (*bhikkhu* and *bhikkhuni*), who would not live (for extended periods) in a normal house and who would pursue freedom from attachments to houses and families.
Upāsakas and upāsikās, also called śrāvakas and śrāvikās - are householders and other laypersons who take refuge in the Three Jewels (the Buddha, the teachings and the community) and practice the Five Precepts. In southeast Asian communities, lay disciples also give alms to monks on their daily rounds and observe weekly uposatha days. In Buddhist thought, the cultivation of ethical conduct and dāna or \"almsgiving\" will themselves refine consciousness to such a level that rebirth in one of the lower heavens is likely even if there is no further \"Noble\" Buddhist practice (connected with the Supramundane goal of Nibbana, \"Unbinding\"). This level of attainment is viewed as a proper aim for laypersons.
In some traditional Buddhist societies, such as in Myanmar and Thailand, people transition between householder and monk and back to householder with regularity and celebration as in the practice of shinbyu among the Bamar people. One of the evolving features of Buddhism in the West is the increasing dissolution of the traditional distinction between monastics and laity. `{{quote|For all the diversity of Buddhist practices in the West, general trends in the recent transformations of Buddhist practice ... can be identified. These include an erosion of the distinction between professional and lay Buddhists; a decentralization of doctrinal authority; a diminished role for Buddhist monastics; an increasing spirit of egalitarianism; greater leadership roles for women; greater social activism; and, in many cases, an increasing emphasis on the psychological, as opposed to the purely religious, nature of practice.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Alan Wallace|author-link1=The Spectrum of Buddhist Practice in the West|editor1-last=Prebish|editor1-first=Charles S.|title=Westward dharma : Buddhism beyond Asia|date=2002|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley [u.a.]|isbn=0-520-22625-9|page=35|url=http://www.alanwallace.org/The%20Spectrum%20of%20Buddhist%20Practice.pdf|access-date=2006-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061010053015/http://www.alanwallace.org/The%20Spectrum%20of%20Buddhist%20Practice.pdf|archive-date=2006-10-10|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki}
## Theravada perspectives {#theravada_perspectives}
In the Pāli Canon, householders received diverse advice and instructions from the Buddha and his noble disciples.
Core householder practices include undertaking the Five Precepts and taking refuge in the Triple Gem, leading an ethical livelihood and practicing generosity. In addition, the canon nurtures the essential spiritual bond between householders and monastics still apparent today in Southeast Asian communities.
### Who is a householder? {#who_is_a_householder}
In traditional Indian society, a householder (Sanskrit *gṛhastin*) is typically a settled adult male with a family. In the Pali canon, various Pali words have been translated into the English word \"householder\", including **agārika**, **gahapati**, **gahattha** and **gihin**.The Pali Text Society\'s (PTS) \"Pali-English Dictionary\" provides the following definitions for these various householder-related Pali words (listed alphabetically below):
- agārika - \"having a house\..., householder, layman,\" juxtaposed with *anagārika*. Similarly, *agārikā* is translated as \"housewife.\" (PTS, 1921-25, p. 3, entry for *agārika*.)
- gahapati - \"the possessor of a house, the head of the household, *pater familias*,\" often with a social status similar to high-ranking personages (Pali, *khattiyā*) and brahmins, suggesting comfort and wealth; may be used as a form of address comparable to \"Sir.\" (PTS, 1921-25, p. 248, entry for *gahapati*.) See also Buddhadatta, 2002, p. 96, where \"gaha-ttha\" is defined as \"a layman; householder\" and \"gaha-pati\" is defined as \"master of a house\"; and, Nattier (2003), pp. 22-25, which provides contextual information to support its conclusion: \"The word *`{{IAST|gṛhapati}}`{=mediawiki}* \[Sanskrit for the Pali *gahapati*\] is thus not an indicator of simple householder status but rather of significant social and financial standing, and it would have been applied only to a relatively limited segment of the lay Buddhist population.\"
- gahattha - \"a householder, one who leads the life of a layman.\" (PTS, 1921-25, p. 247, entry for *gaha* with mention of use with the suffix *-ttha.*)
- gihin - \"a householder, one who leads a domestic life, a layman.\" (PTS, 1921-25, p. 251, entry for *gihin*.)
In the Pali canon, these terms for \"householder\" can be combined with some other appellations. For instance, in the Sāleyyaka Sutta (MN 41), the Buddha is addressed by *sāleyyakā brāhmana-gahapatikā* which, for instance, is translated by Bhikkhu Bodhi (2005, p. 156) as \"brahmin householders of Sālā.\"
Within the Pali canon, there is a \"Householder section\" (*Gahapativagga*) in the following nikayas:
- the Majjhima Nikaya (MN 51 to MN 60) (see Nanamoli & Bodhi, 2001, pp. 441-519).
- the Samyutta Nikaya (SN 12.41 to SN 12.50) (see Bodhi, 2000, pp. 578-86, and, in the Sinhalese Tipitaka, <http://www.metta.lk/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/3Samyutta-Nikaya/Samyutta2/12-Abhisamaya-Samyutta/05-Gahapativaggo-e.html>).
- the Anguttara Nikaya (AN 8.3) (see, in the Sinhalese Tipitaka, <http://www.metta.lk/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/4Anguttara-Nikaya/Anguttara5/8-atthakanipata/003-gahapativaggo-e.html>).
Vocations most often associated with householders in the Pali canon are those of guild foreman, banker and merchant (Pali, *`{{IAST|[[setthi|seṭṭhi]]}}`{=mediawiki}*) but other vocations are mentioned such as farmer and carpenter. Gombrich (2002, pp. 56--7) states:
> Who were these people in terms of class or profession? In the Canon, most of them evidently own land, but they usually have labourers to do the physical work. Sometimes they are also in business. In fact, they illustrate how it is in the first instance wealth derived from agriculture which provides business capital. The average *gahapati* who gave material support to the Buddha and his Sangha thus seems to have been something like a gentleman farmer, perhaps with a town house. On the other hand, inscriptions in the western Deccan, where Buddhism flourished in the early centuries CE, use the term *gahapati* to refer to urban merchants. We must distinguish between reference and meaning: the meaning of *gahapati* is simple and unvarying, but the reference shifts with the social context.
Other people in the canon who are sometimes identified as \"householders\" in contemporary translations are simply those individuals who dwelt in a home or who had not renounced \"home life\" (Pali, *agārasmā*) for \"homelessness\" (Pali, *anagāriya*).
### Householder ethics {#householder_ethics}
While there is no formal \"householder discipline\" in the vinaya or \"code of ethics\", the *Sigalovada Sutta* (DN 31) has been referred to as \"the Vinaya of the householder\" (*gihi-vinaya*). This sutta includes:
- an enumeration of the Five Precepts
- an analysis of good-hearted (Pali: *su-hada*) friends
- a description of respectful actions for one\'s parents, teachers, spouse, friends, workers and religious guides.
Similarly, in the \"Dhammika Sutta\" (Sn 2.14), the Buddha articulates the \"layman\'s rule of conduct\" (Pali, *gahatthavatta*), as follows:
- the Five Precepts
- the Five Precepts for Uposatha days
- support of one\'s parents
- engaging in fair business.
The *Mahanama sūtra* has been called the \"*locus classicus* on the definition of *upāsaka*.\" This sutra is preserved in five versions (two in Pali, three in Chinese) representing two different recensions, one in the *Samyuktagama/Samyuttanikaya*, the other in the *Anguttaranikaya* and in the *Samyuktagama* and further developed in the *Abhidharmaskandha*, one of the canonical books of the Sarvastivadin Abhidharma. In this sutra the Buddha defines an upāsaka in terms of faith (*śraddhā*), morality (*śīla*), liberality (*tyāga*), and wisdom (*prajñā*), as follows:
- \"One produces a deep thought of faith toward the Tathagata and is established in faith. He never lacks faith or is evil towards śramaṇas, brāhmaṇas, or deva, or māra, or brahmā. This is called the faith of an upāsaka.\"
- \"Not to kill, not to steal, not to seduce, not to lie, and not to drink liquor, etc. This is called the morality of an upāsaka\".
- \"It is a rule (dharma) for an upāsaka that he should abandon stinginess. As for all living beings, without exception, stinginess, and envy are destroyed by him. Therefore, his mind should be devoid of stinginess and envy, and he should produce thoughts of liberality and personally donate, tirelessly. This is called \'possessed of liberality.\'\"
- \"An upāsaka knows suffering according to reality, knows the collection of suffering according to reality, knows the extinction of suffering according to reality, and knows the path to the extinction of suffering according to reality. He understands with certainty. This is called \'possessed of wisdom.\'\"
Some early schools, particularly the Sautrāntika, allowed for *aparipūrṇa-upāsaka* (partial lay vow holders), who took anywhere from one to four of the śīla observances.
Other suttas in the canon likewise underline keeping the precepts, maintaining virtuous friends, homage to one\'s benefactors and earning one\'s wealth honestly.
Elsewhere in the Sutta Pitaka the Buddha provides moral instruction to householders and their family members on how to be good parents, spouses and children.
Buddha\'s advice to Buddhist laywomen is contained mostly in the Anguttara Nikaya 8:49; IV 269-71. His advice was as follows:
- Be capable at one\'s work
- Work with diligence and skill
- Manage domestic help skillfully (if relevant) and treat them fairly
- Perform household duties efficiently
- Be hospitable to one\'s husband\'s parents and friends
- Be faithful to one\'s husband; protect and invest family earnings
- Discharge responsibilities lovingly and conscientiously; accomplish faith (faith in the possibility of enlightenment, and of the enlightenment of the Buddha.)
- Accomplish moral discipline (observe/practise the five precepts.)
- Practise generosity (cultivate a mind free from stinginess or avarice; delight in charity, giving and sharing.)
- Cultivate wisdom (Perceive the impermanence of all things.).
The Buddha also gave advice on householders\' financial matters. In the Anguttara Nikaya (4.61; II 65-68) it is said that the Buddha stated that there are four worthy ways in which to spend one\'s wealth:
- On the everyday maintenance of the happiness of oneself and one\'s family (as well as any employees, friends and co-workers);
- On providing insurance (against losses from fire, floods, unloved heirs and misfortune generally);
- By making offerings to relatives, guests, ancestors ( offerings to ancestors are traditionally made, in a respectful Halloween type ritual, throughout Buddhist countries on Ullambana, in the eighth lunar month -- around October. Food offerings and good deeds are done in order to relieve the sufferings of hungry ghosts and to help rescue one\'s ancestors from the lower realms, to secure rebirth for them in higher realms. Many people visit cemeteries to make offerings to departed ancestors), the ruler and the devas (note that worshipping Devas will not bring you closer to enlightenment but it may give you some kind of material advantage);
- By providing alms to monks and nuns who are devoted to the attainment of nibbana. In the Digha Nikaya (III) the Buddha is said to have advised Sigala, a young man, that he should spend one fourth of his income on daily expenses, invest half in his business and put aside one fourth as insurance against an emergency.
### Lay-monastic reciprocity {#lay_monastic_reciprocity}
Some suttas suggest that Buddhist renunciates are best going it alone. Many others celebrate and provide instruction for a vital reciprocity between householders and monastics. For instance, in the Khuddaka Nikaya, the Buddha articulates that \"brahmins and householders\" (Pali, *brāhmanagahapatikā*) support monks by providing monks with robes, alms food, lodgings and medicine while monks teach brahmins and householders the Dhamma. In this sutta, the Buddha declares:
: Householders & the homeless \[monastics\]
: in mutual dependence
: both reach the true Dhamma:
: the unsurpassed safety from bondage.
### Householders and future lives {#householders_and_future_lives}
In the Pali canon, the pursuit of Nibbana (Skt: *Nirvana*) within this lifetime usually starts with giving up the householder life. This is due to the householder life\'s intrinsic attachments to a home, a spouse, children and the associated wealth necessary for maintaining the household. Thus, instead of advising householders to relinquish these and all attachments as a prerequisite for the complete liberation from samsara in this lifetime, the Buddha instructed householders on how to achieve \"well-being and happiness\" (*hita-sukha*) in this and future lives in a spiritually meaningful way.
In Buddhism, a householder\'s spiritual path is often conceived of in terms of making merit (Pali: *puñña*). The primary bases for meritorious action in Buddhism are generosity (*dāna*), ethical conduct (*sīla*) and mental development (*bhāvanā*). Practices associated with such behaviors are:
- Saddhā (faith)
- Three jewels
- Dāna (giving)
- Almsgiving
- Śīla (virtue)
- Five precepts
- Eight precepts
- Bhāvanā (mind)
- Mettā
- Vipassanā
- Paññā (wisdom)
- Four Noble Truths
- Three marks of existence
### Householders and Nibbana {#householders_and_nibbana}
The Anguttara Nikaya (AN 6.119 and AN 6.120) identifies 19 householders (*gahapati*) who have \"attained perfection\" or, according to an alternate translation, \"attained to certainty\" (*ni`{{IAST|ṭṭ}}`{=mediawiki}hamgata*) and \"seen deathlessness, seen deathlessness with their own eyes\" (*amataddaso, `{{IAST|amataṃ}}`{=mediawiki} sacchikata*). These householders are endowed (*samannāgato*) with six things (*chahi dhammehi*):
- unwavering faith (*aveccappasādena*) in the Buddha
- unwavering faith in the Dhamma
- unwavering faith in the Sangha
- noble moral discipline (*ariyena sīlena*)
- noble knowledge or wisdom (*ariyena ñānena*)
- noble release (*ariyāya vimuttiyā*)
While some interpret this passage to indicate that these householders have attained arahantship, others interpret it to mean they have attained at least \"stream entry\" (sotāpanna) but not final release.See, for instance, Robinson & Johnson (1970/1982), p. 41:
: The early teaching admitted that laypersons could attain the first three degrees of sainthood (stream-winner, once-returner, and non-returner); but whether they could become arahants was a disputed point. The Buddha reportedly declared that he took no categorical stand, that with the laity as with the monks it is conduct that counts. The Sūtras list twenty lay followers who attained the highest goal without ever becoming monks. Their case, though, is rarer than that of monks becoming arahants, and the household life is not considered propitious for the highest attainment.
For an example of an alternate view, see Mendis (2001, p. 185, *n*. 64):
: A famous passage at A.iii, 450-51 is often held to provide evidence for lay persons attaining arahantship and continuing to remain as householders, but such an interpretation is erroneous, based on mistaking the expression *`{{IAST|niṭṭhaṅgata}}`{=mediawiki}* to mean \'attained the goal,\' when it actually means \'attained to certainty\' and signifies a stream-enterer or one at some other grade of noble attainment short of arhatship.
The para-canonical Milinda Pañha adds:
: \"\...\[F\]or a householder who has attained arahantship: either, that very day, he goes forth into homelessness or he attains final Nibbāna. That day is not able to pass without one or other of these events taking place.\" (Miln. VII, 2)Mendis (2001), p. 119. Mendis (2001), p. 185, *n*. 64, further notes:
: This statement is not found as such in the canonical texts, but the idea it expresses seems to be based on the few instances recorded in the Suttas of lay persons attaining arahantship. In such cases the lay person either immediately seeks admission into the Order, as in the case of Yasa (Vin.i,17) or is a householder on the verge of death, as in the case mentioned at S.V,410\....\"
In the Tevijjavacchagotta Sutta (MN 71 / M I.483) the Buddha is asked by the ascetic Vacchagotta \"is there any householder who, without abandoning the fetter of householdship, on the dissolution of the body has made an end to suffering?\" The Buddha replied \"there is no householder who, without abandoning the fetter of householdship, on the dissolution of the body has made an end to suffering.\"
Attaining the state of anāgāmi or \"non-returner\" is portrayed in the early texts as the ideal goal for laity.
### Prominent householders in the Pali canon {#prominent_householders_in_the_pali_canon}
The following are examples of individuals who are explicitly identified as a \"householder\" in multiple suttas:
- **Anathapindika**, is referenced for instance in AN 1.14.249 as \"the householder Sudatta, the foremost lay devotee.\"
- **Citta**, referenced for instance in AN 1.14.250 as \"the \[foremost\] householder for explaining the Teaching.\" In SN 17.23, Citta is one of two male lay disciples identified for emulation by the Buddha.Bodhi (2000), p. 688. This sutta is entitled, \"Only Son,\" and in it the Buddha states:
: \"A faithful female lay follower, rightly imploring her only son, dear and beloved, might implore him thus: \'Dear, you should become like Citta the householder and Hatthaka of Alavaka---for this is the standard and criterion for my male disciples who are lay followers\....\"
- **Hatthaka of Alavi**, one of the foremost lay male disciples of the Buddha, he is one of two male lay disciples identified for emulation by the Buddha.
- **Nakulapita** and **Nakulamata**, referenced for instance in AN 1.14.257 and AN 1.14.266, respectively, as \"the best confident\" and the foremost \"for undivided pleasantness.\"
- **Visakha**, very generous and wise female lay-disciple of the Buddha who, by listening frequently to Dhamma, and became a Stream-winner.
- **Khujjuttarā** a servant to a queen of Kosambi and a very learned laywoman who could recite the suttas and teach other ladies of the court.
Other individuals who are not explicitly identified in the suttas as \"householder\" but who, by the aforementioned broader criteria, might be considered a householder include:
- **Ghatikara** was a potter in the time of the Kassapa Buddha. He was an *anāgāmi* and his chief supporter. ([MN 81](http://www.vipassana.info/081-ghatikara-e1.htm)).
## Mahayana perspectives {#mahayana_perspectives}
The Sigalovada Sutta has a parallel Chinese text. There are few differences between the Pali and Chinese versions. Further discussion of householder duties is found in the fourteenth chapter of the Sutra on Upasaka Precepts.
Dogen recommended that householders meditate at least five minutes each day.
In the Zen tradition, Vimalakīrti and Páng Yùn were prominent householders/laypersons who achieved enlightenment.
## Vajrayana perspectives {#vajrayana_perspectives}
The Vajrayana tradition has produced many prominent householders including Marpa Lotsawa, Dromtön, the heart son of Atiśa, and Padmasambhava.
The ngagpa (`{{bo|w=sngags pa}}`{=mediawiki}. feminine *ngagma*, `{{bo|w=sngags ma}}`{=mediawiki}) is an ordained Tantric practitioner, sometimes a householder with certain vows (dependent upon lama and lineage) that make them the householder equivalent of a monk or nun. The path of a ngakpa is a rigorous discipline whereby one \"enjoys the sense-fields\' as a part of one\'s practice. A practitioner utilizes the whole of the phenomenal world as one\'s path. Marrying, raising children, working jobs, leisure, art, play etc. are all means to realize the enlightened state or rigpa, non-dual awareness. As such, we can see the prominence of householders in the Vajrayana tradition. One can, however, be a householder without taking the vows of a ngagpa. Simply holding the five precepts, bodhisattva vows and the tantric vows while practising diligently can result in enlightenment.
## Contemporary Buddhist householder practices {#contemporary_buddhist_householder_practices}
Below common contemporary lay Buddhist practices are summarized. Some of these practices---such as taking Refuge and meditating---are common to all major schools. Other practices---such as taking the Eight Precepts or the Bodhisattva Vows---are not pan-Buddhist.
### Theravada practices {#theravada_practices}
For Theravada Buddhists, the following are practiced on a daily and weekly basis:
#### Daily practice {#daily_practice}
Paying Homage to the Triple Gem, taking Refuge in the Triple Gem, accepting the Five Precepts for Śīla (moral discipline) cultivation, reciting and contemplating on the Sutta for Bhāvanā (cultivation of the heart/mind), practice meditation to cultivate Sati (mindfulness), cultivating generosity by giving and sharing (Pali: *dana*).
#### Special day practices {#special_day_practices}
(Uposatha, Vesakha Puja (Buddha Day), Asalha Puja (Dhamma Day) and Māgha Pūjā (Sangha Day)): accepting the Eight Precepts, listening to Buddhist sermons, studying and contemplating on the Pāli Canon, practice meditation, supporting and learning from the Sangha, visiting and supporting Buddhist monasteries.
#### Other practices {#other_practices}
Undertaking a pilgrimage.
### Mahayana practices {#mahayana_practices}
#### Daily practices {#daily_practices}
Prostrations to the Triple Gem`{{fact|date=August 2024}}`{=mediawiki}, taking refuge in the Triple Gem, taking the Five Precepts, chanting sutras and the names of buddhas/bodhisattvas, meditating, cultivating compassion and bodhichitta, recitation of mantras.
#### Special day practices {#special_day_practices_1}
Upholding the eight precepts, listening to teachings, supporting Sangha, repentance, performing offering ceremonies to sentient beings
#### Other practices {#other_practices_1}
Bodhisattva vows, going on a retreat.
### Vajrayana practices {#vajrayana_practices}
#### Daily practices {#daily_practices_1}
Prostrations, refuge, cultivating compassion and bodhicitta, bodhisattva vows, tantric vows (if applicable), meditation in the form of Tantric sādhanās (if applicable), purification techniques, recitation of mantras
#### Special day practices {#special_day_practices_2}
Eight precepts, listening to teachings, offering ceremonies.
#### Other practices {#other_practices_2}
Studying texts, receiving initiations and personal practice instructions from the teacher.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,123,929 |
List of radio stations in Malta
|
This is a **list of radio stations in Malta**.
Frequency Branding Format Website
--------------- -------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------ -----------------------------------------------------------
88.7 \"Vibe FM\" Rhythmic contemporary ^[1](http://www.vibefm.com.mt)^
89.3 \"Radju Lauretana\" Generalist ^[2](https://www.radjulauretana.com)^
89.7 \"Bay Radio\" Contemporary Hit Radio ^[3](http://www.bay.com.mt)^
90.6 \"Radju Santa Katarina\" Music, Talk Shows, Religious ^[4](http://www.stcatherineband.org.mt/radio)^
90.9 \"Radju Katidral\" Religious ^[5](https://radjukatidral.com)^
91.7 \"Magic Malta\" Pop Music ^[6](http://www.tvm.com.mt/mt/radio)^
92.4 Radju Viżitazzjoni Religious
92.7 \"ONE Radio\" News, Current Affairs, Political & Music Programming ^[7](http://www.one.com.mt)^
93.3 \"MICS FM\" Oldies ^[8](https://micsradiomalta.com)^
93.7 \"Radju Malta\" Generalist ^[9](https://www.tvm.com.mt/mt/station/radju-malta/)^
94.5 \"Radju BKR\" Generalist ^[10](https://www.birkirkarafc.com/BkrRadio.php)^
95.1 \"Radju Sokkors\" Generalist
96.1 \"Radju Margerita\" Generalist ^[11](http://radjumargerita.radiostream123.com)^
97.8 \"RTK103\" Generalist ^[12](https://www.103.mt)^
98.0 \"Radio City 98FM\" Oldies ^[13](https://www.radiocity98fm.com/)^
98.3 \"Radju Bambina\" Generalist
99.3 \"Radju Prekursur\" Generalist ^[14](https://www.radjuprekursur.com)^
100.2 \"Bay Easy\" Hits from the 80s, 90s, and 2000s [15](https://bayeasy.mt/)
101.0 NET FM / Radio 101 News, Current Affairs, Political & Music Programming ^[16](https://netfm.com.mt)^
101.4 Radju Leħen il-Karmelitani Music, News, Religion
101.4 \"Radju Għażżiela\" Generalist ^[17](http://radjughazziela.radiostream123.com)^
101.8 \"Calypso Radio 101.8\" Music ^[18](https://calypsomalta.com/)^
102.3 \"Radju Marija\" Catholic Religious ^[19](http://www.radjumarija.org)^
103.0 \"RTK103\" Generalist ^[20](https://103.mt)^
103.7 \"Campus FM\" International Programming ^[21](http://campusfm.um.edu.mt)^
104.0 \"LBV104 - Leħen il-Belt Victoria\" Generalist ^[22](http://www.stgeorge.org.mt/ministry/radio-lbv-104)^
104.6 \"Smash Radio\" Pop Music ^[23](http://www.smashmalta.com)^
105.0 \|\"Radio 105\" Pop Music ^[24](http://www.galaxy105.net)^
105.2 \"Radju Sacro Cuor\" Generalist
105.9 \"Radju Malta 2\" Generalist ^[25](http://www.tvm.com.mt/mt/radio)^
106.3 \"RLQ - Radju Leħen il-Qala\" Generalist ^[26](https://www.radjulehenil-qala.com/live-cameras/)^
106.9 \"Radju Luminaria\" Christian ^[27](http://www.radjuluminaria.com)^
185.36 (DAB+) \"RAVE Radio\" Electronic Music ^[28](http://rave.com.mt/)^
Web \"AMAM (African Media Association Malta)\" African Music [29](https://www.africanmediamalta.com/)
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,123,933 |
Chinese people in India
|
**Chinese people in India** are communities of Han Chinese and Tibetan origin and settlement. There are permanent communities descended from immigrants and refugees from China as well as an expatriate community in India on a temporary basis.
The immigrant community of workers started during British Colonial rule and became more prominent in the late 19th century with a small number of arrivals working at the ports in Calcutta and Madras and has gone on to contribute to the social and economic life of Kolkata through manufacturing and trade of leather products and running Chinese restaurants.
The community living in Kolkata numbered around 2,000 in 2013 In Mumbai, the population of Chinese people, many who have multi-generation roots, is around 4,000.
Separate from the multi-generation Han Chinese and Tibetan community, there are an estimated 5,000--7,000 Chinese expatriates working in India as of 2015, who generally work on two to three-year contracts for the growing number of brands and companies doing business in India.
## History
The first record of travel from China is Faxian, a monk who temporarily visited Tampralipta, in what is now Tamluk in the 5th century AD. Because of influences from other languages, many words in Bengali language can be attributed to Chinese influences. For example, *chini*, the Bengali word for \"sugar\" comes from the word for China, and words like *Chinamati* for porcelain china hint at Chinese influences.
The first recorded Chinese settler in India is Tong Achew, a trader who landed near Budge Budge in the late 18th century. Achew set up a sugar cane plantation along with a sugar factory. Achew brought in a band of Chinese workers to work in his plantation and factory. This was the first Chinese settlement in India. Achew died shortly after and the Chinese settlers moved to Kolkata. The place came to be named as Achipur, after Tong Achew. Achew\'s grave and a Chinese temple is still seen in Achipur. After Tong Achew\'s death the Cantonese community moved to Tiretta Bazaar in Calcutta.
### Portuguese India {#portuguese_india}
In Portuguese India, the Indian Muslim Kunjali Marakkars fought against the Portuguese and raided their shipping. One of the Kunjali Marrakars (Kunjali IV) rescued a Chinese boy, called Chinali, who had been enslaved on a Portuguese ship. The Kunjali was very fond of him, and he became one of his most feared lieutenants, a fanatical Muslim and enemy of the Portuguese, terrorizing them in battle. The Portuguese were terrorised by the Kunjali and his Chinese right-hand man, eventually, after the Portuguese allied with Calicut\'s Samorin, under Andre Furtado de Mendoça they attacked the Kunjali and Chinali\'s forces, and they were handed over to the Portuguese by the Samorin after he reneged on a promise to let them go. Diogo do Couto, a Portuguese historian, questioned the Kunjali and Chinali when they were captured. He was present when the Kunjali surrendered to the Portuguese, and was described: \"One of these was Chinale, a Chinese, who had been a servant at Malacca and said to have been the captive of a Portuguese, taken as a boy from a fusta, and afterwards brought to Kunhali, who conceived such an affection for him that he trusted him with everything. He was the greatest exponent of the Moorish superstition and enemy of the Christians in all Malabar and for those taken captive at sea and brought thither he invented the most exquisite kinds of torture when he martyred them.\"
### British India {#british_india}
Kolkata, then known as Calcutta, was the capital of British India from 1772 to 1911. Although it was also geographically the easiest accessible metropolitan area from China by land, there were few Chinese people in Calcutta until the late British Raj era; Chinese immigrants choose to go to Burma instead. One of the first persons of Chinese origin to arrive in Calcutta was Yang Tai Chow (a.k.a. Tong Achew and Yang Da Zhao) who arrived in 1778. Governor-General of India Warren Hastings granted land to Achew to set up a sugar cane plantation and sugar factory in a place, currently called Achipur, located near the town of Budge-Budge on the banks of the River Hoogly. According to records of the East India Company from the year 1778, \"Achew was granted 650 bighas of land about 6 miles south of Budge -- Budge for an annual rent of Rs 45\". Many of the earliest Chinese immigrants worked on the Khidderpore docks. A police report in 1788 mentions a sizable Chinese population settled in the vicinity of Bow Bazaar Street. The sugar mill that Atchew had set up in the patch of land near the town of Budge Budge drew other Chinese migrants and soon a small community had formed around it. By 1783, we know Atchew was dead -- a letter shows an East India Company attorney trying to extract money from the executor of his estate. An advertisement in the Calcutta Gazette in 1804 announces that the sugar mill was up for sale. A temple and the grave of Tong Achew still remain and are visited by many Chinese who come from the city during the Chinese New Year.
A later British census found that there were only 362 Chinese people in Calcutta in 1837. A common meeting place was the Temple of Guan Yu, the god of war, located in the Chinese quarter near Dharmatolla. They are all men and came to help assist the British carpentry business after the destruction from British colonial famines in India.
In Assam, after the establishment of tea gardens in Assam, the British authorities encouraged the migration of Chinese labourers, artisans, tea growers and tea makers, who were then employed in the burgeoning British owned tea gardens. The migration started in 1838. They soon surmounted the language barrier and started intermingling, many of the Chinese married local women and established a new society in Assam. Instances of intermarriage grew to the point where it became hard to physically differentiate Chinese immigrants in Assam from the locals during the period of their internment during the 1962 Sino-Indian War. A series of voluntary migrations of Chinese from China followed. This broadened the space of the newly established society and made it more multi-cultural and multi-ethnic as the migrants married local girls and settled down. Their physical features changed; the descendants forgot the Chinese language. Through sheer hard work and perseverance, the dislocated Chinese made a new life for themselves and prospered. Many \'China Patty,' or small China towns, sprang up in different parts of Assam -- of which the China Patty of Makum was the biggest.
According to Alabaster, there were lard manufacturers and shoemakers in addition to carpenters. Running tanneries and working with leather was traditionally not considered a respectable profession among upper-caste Hindus, and work was relegated to lower caste *muchis* and *chamars*. There was a high demand, however, for high quality leather goods in colonial India, one that the Chinese were able to fulfill. Alabaster also mentions licensed opium dens run by native Chinese and a *Cheena Bazaar* where contraband was readily available. Opium, however, was not illegal until after Indian independence in 1947. Immigration increased significantly in the 1930s and 1940s because of the Japanese invasion of China and resulting war. In the early 1900s, the Hakka community was relocated to the Tangra area, where they set up leather tanneries and Chinese restaurants.
### Sino-Indian War {#sino_indian_war}
Chinese in India faced accusations of anti-Indian sentiment by the Indians during the Sino Indian war of 1962. After the war, India passed the Defence of India Act in December 1962, permitting the \"apprehension and detention in custody of any person \[suspected\] of being of hostile origin.\" The broad language of the act allowed for the arrest of any person simply for having a Chinese surname, a drop of Chinese blood, or a Chinese spouse. Under the draconian law, 10,000 people of Chinese origin were estimated to have been detained at the desert prison camp in Deoli, Rajasthan. All of them were accused of being spies, but not a single charge has ever been proven. In 1964, many internees were forcibly and arbitrarily deported, resulting in the breakup of many families. The rest were released starting in 1965. The last internees were released from Deoli in mid-1967, after four and half years of captivity.
The Chinese population in Calcutta decreased by half, from 20,000 to 10,000. Those who remained were seen as enemies, and most could not hold any job except in the restaurant, tanning, and shoemaking businesses. Moreover, their movements were restricted. They were required to report to designated police stations once a month, and until the mid-1990s, they had to apply for special permits to travel more than a few kilometres from their homes.
The situation was alleviated when India and China resumed diplomatic relations in 1976. However, it was not until 1998 that ethnic Chinese were allowed naturalized Indian citizenship. In 2005, the first road sign in Chinese characters was put up in Chinatown, Tangra.
In Assam, Chinese people living in different places were rounded up by the armed forces and compelled to leave their houses. The administration told them they would be shifted to a safer place for two or three days. They were not allowed to take anything with them except papers. In the Makum area, they were picked up and packed into a cowshed, from where they were taken to the Dibrugarh jail. In other parts they were arrested and brought to the police station and put in jails. They were then asked to board a closed train, which took them to the Deoli internment camp in Rajasthan. It was a long, seven-day journey of utter suffering. Infants, pregnant women, the old and the sick were also arrested and sent to the camp, violating all human rights. After some time the Government of India decided to deport the interned back to China in a few batches. In this process, the already divided families were divided again as the government selected the names randomly. The majority of them were deported to China. Many Indian (Assamese) wives also accompanied their husbands to China with their children. The interned people who were allowed to return to their places after a couple of years again faced a difficult situation. The property of most of the people had been auctioned as enemy property. There was no society and no government to support them. They were compelled to live in sheer misery and isolation. Most of them did not get to meet their deported family members ever again.
## Indian Chinese cuisine {#indian_chinese_cuisine}
Chinese Indians also contributed to the development of fusion Indian Chinese cuisine (Indo-Chinese cuisine), which is now an integral part of the Indian culinary scene. In particular Chinese influences on Bengali cuisine are pronounced.
## Communities
### Long term {#long_term}
Today they are located in ethnic neighbourhoods in Kolkata and Mumbai. In Mumbai, the population of Chinese origin stood at 4,000 in 2015. In 2013, there were 2,000 Chinese-origin people at Kolkata while 200 Chinese of Indian ancestry
The most visible Chinese community in India is found in Kolkata where there are two Chinatowns. One exists in Tangra and an earlier Chinatown was established at Tiretta Bazaar, sometimes referred to as the old Chinatown. The Chinese presence at Tiretti Bazaar and Tangra has dwindled. The older generation of this community works as tannery-owners, sauce manufacturers, shoeshop owners, restaurateurs and beauty parlours owners. The new generation have gone in large numbers to dentistry. Many of the shoe shops lining Bentick Street, near Dharmatolla, are owned and operated by Chinese. The restaurants have given rise to fusions of Chinese and Indian culinary traditions in the widely available form of Indian Chinese cuisine. There is one Chinese newspaper published in Kolkata, *The Overseas Chinese Commerce in India* or Seong Pow 商报, but figures from 2005 show that sales have dwindled from 500 to 300 copies sold. At one time, 90% of the students of the Grace Ling Liang English School were ethnic Chinese. But in 2003 they comprised only about 15% of the 1500 students. Many of the Chinese of Kolkata are Christians due to the influence of missionary schools they studied in. Architecturally, a feature of the Chinese imprint on Kolkata are the Chinese temples. The Chinese New Year / Lunar New Year 农历新年remains widely observed as well as Zhong Yuan Festival 中元节 and Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节. The Chinese of Kolkata celebrate Chinese New Year with lion dance 舞狮 and dragon dance 舞龙. It is celebrated either in the end of January or early February each year in accordance to the rotating lunar calendar (农历) of the particular year.
An exhaustive study of the Kolkata Chinese by Zhang Xing has recently been published.
### Expatriates
Expatriate Chinese workers in India are concentrated in the cities of Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai and Bangalore. The Mumbai neighbourhood of Powai is described by the *Economic Times* as an \"upcoming hub\" for Chinese expats, who according to the newspaper \"form close communities within themselves.\" Better integration of Chinese expats in their host communities is hampered by short time frames of stays, often durations only last for 2--3 years as part of a work contract. Also many in order to comply with visa regulations must routinely exit and leave India.
## Notable people {#notable_people}
Notable Chinese origin persons include Chindian people who are of mixed Indian and Chinese ancestry.
- Jwala Gutta, Badminton player; Gutta\'s mother is of Chinese mixed Indian ancestry and father is Indian
- Lawrence Liang, legal researcher and lawyer
- Meiyang Chang, actor and singer
- Nelson Wang, restaurateur
- Anand Yang, historian
- Yan Law, football manager
- Jason Tham, dancer, choreographer and actor
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,123,945 |
Jacques Elong Elong
|
**Jacques Aurelien Elong Elong** (20 February 1985 -- 31 March 2025) was a Cameroonian professional football player who played as a defensive midfielder.
## Club career {#club_career}
Elong Elong was a versatile player, able to serve in defence but also assist in goal scoring. His brilliant passing abilities made him a regular in Persepolis, playing in the defensive midfield position. He also shot well, especially from outside the penalty spot, though he never scored for Persepolis.
In 2006 Elong received an offer from Qatari club Al-Sadd, but he rejected it since he had just got a permanent place on the Persepolis team and was enjoying his life in Iran. Afshin Ghotbi, then manager of the club, also confirmed that none of his players were for sale.
Despite rumours of Elong leaving for either Spartak Moscow or Esteghlal in the summer of 2007 Elong remained at Persepolis for the 2007--08 season and emerged as a crucial player for the team and told IRIB television that he has no willingness to play abroad. His speech saying \"I am loving Tehran, and I can not see myself anywhere else within the next six years at least.\"
Elong Elong joined Esteghlal in 2012.
## International career {#international_career}
Elong Elong debuted for the Cameroon national team in an African Nations Cup qualifier against Equatorial Guinea on 7 October in Yaoundé, he appeared as a substitute replacing AS Nancy\'s Landry N\'Guémo in the 90th minute in the 3--0 victory. Arie Haan, his former coach at Persepolis F.C., gave him a spot in the national team. He was capped once for Cameroon national football team.
## Personal life and death {#personal_life_and_death}
Elong Elong was born on 20 February 1985. He died as the result of a traffic collision on 31 March 2025, at the age of 40.
## Career statistics {#career_statistics}
Club Season League Cup
----------------- ---------- ------------------ ------ ------- ------
Division Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps
Persepolis 2005--06 Persian Gulf Cup 2 0 3
2006--07 18 0 2
2007--08 10 0 3
2008--09 0 0 0
Total 30 0 8
Sepahan 2008--09 Persian Gulf Cup 5 0 0
Dunajská Streda 2009--10 Slovak Superliga 12 0
2010--11 0 0
Total 12 0
Paykan 2010--11 Persian Gulf Cup 13 2 0
Esteghlal 2011--12 Persian Gulf Cup 4 0 0
Career total
: Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
## Honours
**Persepolis**
- Iran\'s Premier Football League: 2007--08
**Esteghlal**
- Hazfi Cup: 2011--12
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,123,948 |
Dave Winters
|
**Dave Winters** (born June 30, 1952) is a former Illinois State Representative for the 68th district, serving from 1995 to 2012.
## Biography
Dave Winters was born on June 30, 1952. He graduated from Dartmouth College with a B.A. in History (High Honors) and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign with an M.S. in Agricultural Economics.
## Political career {#political_career}
Winters served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1995 until his resignation in July 2012, and was Assistant Republican House Leader from 2003 to 2009. His legislative assignments included environmental/energy issues, child support enforcement, and local telecommunication development. During the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries, Winters served on the Illinois leadership team of the presidential campaign of former New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani.
Winters resigned effective July 31, 2012. In his letter, he cited his frustration with the lack of progress on pension reform in Illinois. The Republican Representative Committee of the Republican Party of the 68th Representative District appointed John Cabello to fill the vacancy created by Winters\' resignation.
- Local organizations:
- Winnebago County Zoning Board of Appeals, 1993--95
- Board Member, League of Women Voters
- Board Member, Rockford/Winnebago County Planning Commission
- Board Member, Shirland Township Clerk
- Board Member, Sinnissippi Audubon Society
- Board Member, Sinnissippi Open Space Committee, Natural Land Institute
- Board Member, Winnebago County Farm Bureau
- Legislative Committees:
- Air, Member
- Committee of the Whole, Member
- Electric Utility Oversight, Member
- Environment and Energy, Member
- Environmental Health, Ranking Minority Member
- Gaming, Member
- Labor, Ranking Minority Member
- Renewable Energy, Member
- Telecommunications, Member
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,123,950 |
Great Bush Railway
|
The **Great Bush Railway** is a private, `{{RailGauge|2ft|lk=on}}`{=mediawiki} narrow gauge running round the edge of Tinkers Park, Hadlow Down, Sussex. The railway is operated by the Claude Jessett Trust Company. The line is 500 meters long and has three stations, Hadlow Down, Bracherlands Junction and Tinkers Lane.
The railway only opens to the public on Tinkers Park events.
## History
The line was laid down by Claude Jessett as an attraction to accompany the yearly steam rallies and as a replacement for an earlier miniature railway that existed around his garden. A heavily converted Motor Rail (later named *Aminal* \[*sic.*\]) was acquired from a nearby brickworks. This, alongside coaches built from brick trolleys, ran for a couple of years.
A volunteer group (named FIDO, not an acronym, but named due to the age of the volunteers) established themselves on the site and ran the line. More locomotives were acquired, putting the very worn Aminal out of use. Later the coaches were retired and a bogie coach built to take their place. Over time the FIDO group left for pastures new and the line has since been run by the Claude Jessett Trust as part of the Tinkers Park site.
The line was extended gradually, with a cutting dug by hand, to allow the line to run along the edge of an adjoining field.
## The line today {#the_line_today}
The line runs in a U shape around the edge of a field. From Hadlow Down station, there is a straight run alongside the \"Great Bush\" which gives the railway its name, before reaching the locomotive shed, workshop and various sidings. After passing alongside, the line then reaches Bracherlands junction passing loop. The line then drops into a 1in25 curve situated in a cutting. The cutting being the largest feature on the line, having been dug gradually while the old organ museum halt being the end of the line (removed and replaced by the latter Bracherlands Junction platform.) After the cutting the line has taken a 180 degree turn running alongside another hedge before crossing over an access road between event fields and ending at Tinkers Lane station.
## Current locomotives {#current_locomotives}
Number Name Builder Type Date Works number Notes Image
-------- ----------------- -------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------- ------ -------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------
1 *Aminal* Motor Rail (ex `{{nowrap|{{whyte|4w|PM}}}}`{=mediawiki}) 1933 5361 Purchased from the Ludlay Brick and Tile Company. Heavily modified using parts from a Trojan Van
4 *Mild* Motor Rail 1941 8687 Purchased from the Crowborough Brickworks
5 *Alpha* Ruston & Hornsby 1937 183744 Donated from the APCM Rodmell Works
10 *Cape* Orenstein & Koppel 1935 5926 Received from Cape Universal Products, 1976. Moved to Amberley Museum. Then to Abbey Light Railway. Returned 2018.
14 *Albany* Ruston & Hornsby 1941 213840 Originally from the `{{RailGauge|18in}}`{=mediawiki} gauge Royal Arsenal Railway, converted to `{{RailGauge|2ft}}`{=mediawiki} gauge in 1973
15 *Olde* Hudson Hunslet 1940 2176 Arrived 1977, left 1979. Went to the Stevington & Turvey Light Railway. Returned 2022.
22 *Lama* BEV 1953 5033 Purchased from the Crowborough Brickworks
23 *Dennis* BEV 1972 M7534 ex Crowborough Brickworks, In unrestored condition
24 *Titch* BEV 1972 M7535 Purchased from the Crowborough Brickworks
25 *Wolf* Motor Rail 1940 7469 Worked at Ham Marsh Gravel Pits, Faversham
28 *São Domingos* Orenstein & Koppel 1928 11784 Worked at the Douro valley coal mines, Portugal.
29 *Penrhyn No.24* Ruston & Hornsby 1955 382820 Worked at Penrhyn Quarry Railway
30 *Drusilla* Motor Rail 1965 22236 Ex Drusillas Zoo Park
31 *Grünewald* Diepholzer Maschinenfabrik Fritz Schöttler 1953 1600 Was owned by the Efteling Steam Train Company at Efteling theme park. Later Ex Stevington and Turvey Light Railway
## Former locomotives {#former_locomotives}
Number Name Builder Type Date Works number Notes
-------- ---------------- ------------------- ------ ------ -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 *Sezela No. 2* Avonside 1915 1720
3 *Goat* Lister 1936 8022 Purchased from the Crowborough Brickworks, swapped for *Albany* with the Island NG Group IOW, 1977
6 *Sezela No. 6* Avonside 1928 1923
7 *Fido* Motor Rail 1931 5297 Ex Island NG Group IOW, 1976; sold to Ian Jolly, 1977, Now at Old Kiln Light Railway
8 *Tuesday* Hibberd 1941 2586 Ex Island NG Group IOW 1976; sold to the Leadhills and Wanlockhead Railway, 1988
9 *Smifsagit* Hunslet Hudson 1944 3109 Ex Island NG Grop IOW, 1976; sold to Alan Keef, 1979
11 *Layer* Fowler 1936 21294 Ex Brockham Museum, later Leeds Industrial Museum at Armley Mills
12 Hibberd 1938 2136 Ex Horam Brickworks, later to Nick Williams, Reading
13 *Peter Pan* Kerr Stuart 1922 4265 Arrived September 1977, left May 1978
17 *Bear* Ruston & Hornsby 1952 339209 Arrived 1978, left 1979
18 *Owl* Ruston & Hornsby 1939 283513 Arrived 1978, left 1979
19 Hibberd 1943 2631 Arrived 1979, left 1987
20 Wingrove & Rogers 1951 4634 Arrived 1980 ex Crowborough Brickworks, scrapped 2006
21 Wingrove & Rogers 1953 5035 Arrived 1980 ex Crowborough Brickworks, Scrapped 2010
26 *No 4* Ruston & Hornsby 1936 177638 Arrived 2000, left 2011
27 *Number 22* Ruston & Hornsby 1944 226302 Arrived 2000, left 2011
## Current rolling stock {#current_rolling_stock}
Number Name Builder Type Date Notes Image
-------- ---------- --------------------- -------------------------- ------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------
105 Robert Hudson Bogie Coach 1981 Built in 1981 to replace former 4w coaches built on Crowborough brickworks wagons.
106 \"Trev\" 4w Coach Built originally for a private line in Newbold Vernon. Was used in the 2017 season as a generator coach.
110 Great Bush Railway 4w Penrhyn Replica Coach 2018 Built in 2018 to a Penrhyn Quarry Railway Design.
111 A Vaughan Woodworks Bogie Coach 2019 Built in 2019 to a freelance design inspired by Manx Electric Railway trailer cars.
112 Severn Lamb Bogie Coach ? Built for the Cotswold Wildlife Park. Ex Stevington and Turvey Light Railway. Currently operating as a bogie flat wagon, awaiting a new coach body superstructure to be built as the old one was unserviceable.
201 Du Croo & Brauns 4w flat Currently not carrying barrel unlike seen in the picture.
202 Robert Hudson 4w Skip Ex Rodmell Cement Works
203 Robert Hudson 4w Skip Ex Rodmell Cement Works
204 Robert Hudson 4w Skip Ex Rodmell Cement Works
205 Robert Hudson 4w Skip Chassis converted to a planked side wagon.
207 Robert Hudson 4w skip Chassis converted to a flat wagon
208 Robert Hudson Bogie Flat Ex MOD. Originally built for RAF Chilmark as NGF 8037, was moved to RAF Eastriggs after RAF Chilmark closed. Believed to have been acquired in the dispersal auctions.
209 Robert Hudson Bogie Bolsters Ex wagon bogies converted to bolster wagon pair.
210 Robert Hudson Brick Wagon Ex Crowborough Brickworks, was used as a coach before rebuilt.
211 Robert Hudson Brick Wagon Ex Crowborough Brickworks, was used as a coach before rebuilt.
301 Great Bush Railway Pump Trolley Old skip frame converted to a pump trolley.
## Former rolling stock {#former_rolling_stock}
Number Name Builder Type Date Notes Image
-------- ------ ---------------------------- ------------------------ ------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------
101 Robert Hudson 4w Toastrack 1969 4w Coach built on Crowborough Brickworks chassis.
102 Robert Hudson 4w Toastrack 1969 4w Coach built on Crowborough Brickworks chassis.
103 Robert Hudson 4w Toastrack 1969 4w Coach built on Crowborough Brickworks chassis.
104 4w Toastrack with roof 1969 4w Coach built on Ludlay Brickworks chassis. Body later used on old 206 bolster wagon as a temporary passenger coach.
107 East Hayling Light Railway 4-wheel third Sold to the Old Kiln Light Railway. Awaiting overhaul and conversion into a coach for disabled persons.
108 East Hayling Light Railway 4-wheel third 1996 Sold to the Old Kiln Light Railway. Awaiting overhaul.
109 East Hayling Light Railway 4-wheel third 1992 Sold to the Old Kiln Light Railway. Now under overhaul.
206 Great Bush Railway Bogie Bolsters Replaced by current 209, bolsters built from Crowborough Brickworks wagons
208 Great Bush Railway Tool Van Built on ex Lydd Ranges chassis. Dismantled. Replaced by current 208 bogie flat
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,123,953 |
1994 CONCACAF Women's Championship
|
The **1994 CONCACAF Women\'s Championship** was the third staging of the CONCACAF\'s Women\'s Championship. It determined the CONCACAF\'s two qualifiers for the FIFA Women\'s World Cup 1995 --- the winner the United States and the runner-up Canada. The tournament took place in Montreal, Quebec, Canada between August 13 and 21, 1994, and consisted of five teams.
## Venues
-----------------------------------
Montreal
Complexe sportif Claude-Robillard
Capacity: **6,500**
-----------------------------------
## Final round {#final_round}
Team Pts Pld W D L GF GA
------ -------- ----- --- --- --- ---- ----
**12** 4 4 0 0 36 1
**9** 4 3 0 1 18 6
**4** 4 1 1 2 6 19
**4** 4 1 1 2 6 20
**0** 4 0 0 4 2 22
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Awards
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,123,959 |
Petrovce, Vranov nad Topľou District
|
**Petrovce** (*Pétervágása*) is a village and municipality in Vranov nad Topľou District in the Prešov Region of eastern Slovakia.
## History
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1412.
## Geography
The village lies at an altitude of 325 metres and covers an area of 13.705 km^2^. It has a population of about 440 people.`{{fact|date=April 2025}}`{=mediawiki}
## Ethnicity
The population is 99% Slovak in ethnicity.`{{fact|date=April 2025}}`{=mediawiki}
## Government
The village relies on the tax and district offices, and fire brigade at Michalovce and relies on the police force and birth registry at Trhovište.`{{fact|date=April 2025}}`{=mediawiki}
## Economy
## Sports
## Transport
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,123,962 |
Selkirk Concession
|
## Land Grant 1812 {#land_grant_1812}
The **Selkirk Concession** was a land grant issued by the Hudson\'s Bay Company (HBC) to Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk, in 1812. The Hudson\'s Bay Company held a commercial monopoly in Rupert\'s Land, consisting of the entire Hudson Bay drainage basin. The Selkirk Concession, also known as Selkirk\'s Grant, included a large section of the southwest area of Rupert\'s Land, bounded: on the north by the line of 52° N latitude roughly from the Assiniboine River east to Lake Winnipegosis, then by the line of 52° 30′ N latitude from Lake Winnipegosis to Lake Winnipeg; on the east by the Winnipeg River, Lake of the Woods and Rainy River; on the west roughly by the current boundary between modern Saskatchewan and Manitoba; and on the south by the (mostly very slight) rise of land marking the extent of the Hudson Bay watershed. This covered portions of present-day southern Manitoba, northern Minnesota and eastern North Dakota, in addition to small parts of eastern Saskatchewan, northwestern Ontario and northeastern South Dakota.
Lord Selkirk referred to the area as the District of Assiniboia and planned to create an agricultural colony there. To do so he populated the territory with impoverished people from Scotland and Ireland. Lord Selkirk had been profoundly upset by the poverty his people faced and believed that emigration to Western Canada would be their salvation. In return he was to provide The Hudson\'s Bay Company with 200 employees per year, allow the company to set up trading posts in the colony and give land for company employees when they retired. In 1812 the first settlers arrived when Miles MacDonell brought a small group of Scots to the colony.
While The Hudson\'s Bay Company held the commercial monopoly in Rupert\'s Land, numerous aboriginal groups lived in the same territory and disputed the sovereignty of the area. Furthermore, The Hudson\'s Bay Company was facing competition from the North West Company (NWC), which flagrantly violated the Hudson\'s Bay Company\'s commercial monopoly and disputed its territory. In 1814, The Hudson\'s Bay Company invoked its royal charter and ordered The North West Company to leave. Selkirk\'s settlement, commonly known as The Red River Colony, was embroiled in these issues, meeting resistance from fur traders of The North West Company, commercial interests from the United States as well as from some local Métis population. In November 1815 the newly appointed governor of Red River Colony, Robert Semple, arrived with around 160 new settlers. Tensions continued to rise, culminating in the Battle of Seven Oaks in June 1816. This confrontation involved a group of North West Company employees led by Cuthbert Grant and some local Métis against a group of Red River settlers and Hudson\'s Bay Company employees led by Governor Semple, with the battle claiming the lives of 1 North West Company-related and 21 Hudson\'s Bay Company-related men, including Semple. (see Pemmican War)
## Selkirk Treaty 1817 and Treaty No. 1 1871 {#selkirk_treaty_1817_and_treaty_no._1_1871}
Lord Selkirk signed a treaty with Chief Peguis that eventually became St. Peter's Reserve in 1817, but Chief Peguis's people would eventually lose the land and forced to move to the current Peguis First Nation by 1930s when Selkirk's colony became the province of Manitoba in 1870, the area then became St. Peter's Settlement and eventually merge into Selkirk, Manitoba.
Selkirk Treaty.jpg\|`{{center|1817, Selkirk Treaty}}`{=mediawiki} Selkirk Treaty Map.jpg\|`{{center|Map}}`{=mediawiki}
By the 1830s agricultural production of flour was over 50,000 pounds, with over 1,000 settlers residing at the colony. The promise of free land ensured there was no shortage of settlers arriving at the area. By the 1850s the Hudson\'s Bay Company lost interest in providing financial aid to the colony. In 1867, the United Kingdom had passed the British North America Act, creating the Dominion of Canada from British holdings in the eastern portion of British North America. In 1869 the HBC \"sold\" Rupert\'s Land (received compensation for surrendering its trading monopoly back to the British Crown) to the expanding Canada. A lack of attention to concerns of the existing Red River settlers, Métis, and aboriginal groups caused Métis leader Louis Riel to establish a local provisional government to negotiate the political treatment of the local population in the handover to Canada, resulting in the Red River Rebellion of 1869-70 and Canada agreeing to create the province of Manitoba -- on land that had been part of the Selkirk Concession -- in 1870.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,123,963 |
2007 Úrvalsdeild
|
The 2007 season of Úrvalsdeild karla was the 96th season of top tier football in Iceland. Title contenders were considered to be KR, FH, ÍA and Valur. HK were playing for the first time in Landsbankadeild. The league was expanded from 10 teams to 12 teams after the 2007 season, therefore only one team was relegated and 3 were promoted from the 1. deild karla. The first match day of the season was on 12 May. Valur won the league for the first time in 20 years and Vikingur were relegated to 1. deild karla.
Fram\'s Jónas Grani Garðarsson was the top scorer with 13 goals.
## Final league table {#final_league_table}
{{#invoke:sports table\|main\|style=WDL \|show_limit=5 \|res_col_header=QR
\|team1=VAL\|name_VAL=Valur \|team2=FH \|name_FH =FH \|team3=ÍA\|name_ÍA=ÍA \|team4=FYL\|name_FYL=Fylkir \|team5=BRE\|name_BRE=Breiðablik \|team6=KEF\|name_KEF=Keflavík \|team7=FRA\|name_FRA=Fram \|team8=KR \|name_KR =KR \|team9=HK \|name_HK =HK \|team10=VIK\|name_VIK=Vikingur \|win_VAL=11\|draw_VAL=5\|loss_VAL=2\|gf_VAL=41\|ga_VAL=20\|status_VAL=C \|win_FH =11\|draw_FH =4\|loss_FH =3\|gf_FH =42\|ga_FH =26 \|win_ÍA=8\|draw_ÍA=6\|loss_ÍA=4\|gf_ÍA=34\|ga_ÍA=27 \|win_FYL=8\|draw_FYL=5\|loss_FYL=5\|gf_FYL=23\|ga_FYL=18 \|win_BRE=5\|draw_BRE=9\|loss_BRE=4\|gf_BRE=29\|ga_BRE=20 \|win_KEF=5\|draw_KEF=6\|loss_KEF=7\|gf_KEF=26\|ga_KEF=32 \|win_FRA=3\|draw_FRA=7\|loss_FRA=8\|gf_FRA=25\|ga_FRA=31 \|win_KR =3\|draw_KR =6\|loss_KR =9\|gf_KR =17\|ga_KR =30 \|win_HK =4\|draw_HK =4\|loss_HK =10\|gf_HK =17\|ga_HK =35 \|win_VIK=3\|draw_VIK=5\|loss_VIK=10\|gf_VIK=15\|ga_VIK=30\|status_VIK=R
\|col_CL1=green1\|text_CL1=Qualification for the Champions League first qualifying round \|result1=CL1 \|col_UC1=blue1\|text_UC1=Qualification for the UEFA Cup first qualifying round \|result2=UC1\|result3=UC1 \|col_IC1=#CCCCFF\|text_IC1=Qualification for the Intertoto Cup first round \|result4=IC1 \|col_R=red1\|text_R=Relegation to 1. deild karla \|result10=R \|class_rules=1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored. \|update=complete \|source= }}
## Results
Each team played every opponent once home and away for a total of 18 matches.
{{#invoke:sports results\|main \|matches_style=FBR\|solid_cell=grey \|team1=BRE\|team2=FH\|team3=FRA\|team4=FYL\|team5=HK \|team6=ÍA\|team7=ÍBK\|team8=KR\|team9=VAL\|team10=VÍK
\|name_ÍA=ÍA \|match_ÍA_BRE=2--1 \|match_ÍA_FRA=2--2 \|match_ÍA_FYL=0--2 \|match_ÍA_HK=4--1 \|match_ÍA_FH=2--3 \|match_ÍA_KR=3--1 \|match_ÍA_ÍBK=2--1 \|match_ÍA_VAL=2--1 \|match_ÍA_VÍK=1--0
\|name_BRE=Breiðablik \|match_BRE_ÍA=3--0 \|match_BRE_FRA=2--2 \|match_BRE_FYL=0--1 \|match_BRE_HK=3--0 \|match_BRE_FH=4--3 \|match_BRE_KR=1--1 \|match_BRE_ÍBK=2--2 \|match_BRE_VAL=0--0 \|match_BRE_VÍK=1--1
\|name_FRA=Fram \|match_FRA_ÍA=2--4 \|match_FRA_BRE=1--0 \|match_FRA_FYL=3--1 \|match_FRA_HK=3--0 \|match_FRA_FH=0--2 \|match_FRA_KR=1--1 \|match_FRA_ÍBK=2--2 \|match_FRA_VAL=0--2 \|match_FRA_VÍK=0--2
\|name_FYL=Fylkir \|match_FYL_ÍA=2--2 \|match_FYL_BRE=0--3 \|match_FYL_FRA=1--1 \|match_FYL_HK=1--0 \|match_FYL_FH=1--2 \|match_FYL_KR=0--0 \|match_FYL_ÍBK=4--0 \|match_FYL_VAL=1--2 \|match_FYL_VÍK=1--0
\|name_HK=HK \|match_HK_ÍA=1--0 \|match_HK_BRE=1--1 \|match_HK_FRA=2--1 \|match_HK_FYL=1--2 \|match_HK_FH=2--2 \|match_HK_KR=2--0 \|match_HK_ÍBK=2--1 \|match_HK_VAL=1--4 \|match_HK_VÍK=2--2
\|name_FH=FH \|match_FH_ÍA=1--1 \|match_FH_BRE=2--1 \|match_FH_FRA=3--3 \|match_FH_FYL=0--0 \|match_FH_HK=4--0 \|match_FH_KR=5--1 \|match_FH_ÍBK=3--2 \|match_FH_VAL=0--2 \|match_FH_VÍK=4--1
\|name_KR=KR \|match_KR_ÍA=1--1 \|match_KR_BRE=1--1 \|match_KR_FRA=2--1 \|match_KR_FYL=1--1 \|match_KR_HK=3--2 \|match_KR_FH=0--2 \|match_KR_ÍBK=1--2 \|match_KR_VAL=0--3 \|match_KR_VÍK=1--2
\|name_ÍBK=Keflavík \|match_ÍBK_ÍA=3--3 \|match_ÍBK_BRE=0--3 \|match_ÍBK_FRA=2--1 \|match_ÍBK_FYL=1--0 \|match_ÍBK_HK=3--0 \|match_ÍBK_FH=1--2 \|match_ÍBK_KR=1--1 \|match_ÍBK_VAL=1--3 \|match_ÍBK_VÍK=0--0
\|name_VAL=Valur \|match_VAL_ÍA=2--2 \|match_VAL_BRE=2--2 \|match_VAL_FRA=1--1 \|match_VAL_FYL=2--4 \|match_VAL_HK=1--0 \|match_VAL_FH=4--1 \|match_VAL_KR=2--1 \|match_VAL_ÍBK=2--2 \|match_VAL_VÍK=3--1
\|name_VÍK=Vikingur \|match_VÍK_ÍA=0--3 \|match_VÍK_BRE=1--1 \|match_VÍK_FRA=2--1 \|match_VÍK_FYL=0--1 \|match_VÍK_HK=0--0 \|match_VÍK_FH=1--3 \|match_VÍK_KR=0--1 \|match_VÍK_ÍBK=1--2 \|match_VÍK_VAL=1--5
\|update=complete\|source= }}
## Top goalscorers {#top_goalscorers}
Rank Player Club Goals
------ ------------------------ ------------ -------
1 Jónas Grani Garðarsson Fram 13
2 Helgi Sigurðsson Valur 12
3 Tryggvi Guðmundsson FH 8
Siniša Valdimar Kekić Vikingur
Magnús Páll Gunnarsson Breiðablik
6 Bjarni Guðjónsson ÍA 7
Vjekoslav Svadumović ÍA
Hjálmar Þórarinsson Fram
9 Prince Rajcomar Breiðablik 6
Matthías Vilhjálmsson FH
Arnar Gunnlaugsson FH
Símun Samuelsen Keflavík
Matthías Guðmundsson FH
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,123,968 |
Utah State Senate
|
The **Utah State Senate** is the upper house of the Utah State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Utah. The Utah Senate is composed of 29 elected members, each representing one senate district. Each senate district is composed of approximately 95,000 people. Members of the Senate are elected to four-year terms without term limits. The Senate convenes at the Utah State Capitol in Salt Lake City.
The last elections were held in 2024.
## Composition of the Senate {#composition_of_the_senate}
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+---------+-------------+
| Affiliation | Party | | |
| | | | |
| | (Shading indicates majority caucus) | | |
+===================================================================+========================================+=========+=============+
| | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+---------+-------------+
| Republican | Democratic | Forward | Libertarian |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+---------+-------------+
| nowrap style=\"font-size:80%\"\|End of the 59th legislature | \|21 | 8 | 0 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+---------+-------------+
| | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+---------+-------------+
| nowrap style=\"font-size:80%\"\|Beginning of the 60th Legislature | \|24 | 5 | 0 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+---------+-------------+
| nowrap style=\"font-size:80%\"\|End 60th | \|23 | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+---------+-------------+
| | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+---------+-------------+
| nowrap style=\"font-size:80%\"\|61st Legislature | \|23 | 6 | 0 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+---------+-------------+
| | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+---------+-------------+
| nowrap style=\"font-size:80%\"\|62nd Legislature | \|24 | 5 | 0 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+---------+-------------+
| | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+---------+-------------+
| nowrap style=\"font-size:80%\"\|63rd Legislature | \|23 | 6 | 0 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+---------+-------------+
| | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+---------+-------------+
| nowrap style=\"font-size:80%\"\|64th Legislature | \|23 | 6 | 0 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+---------+-------------+
| | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+---------+-------------+
| nowrap style=\"font-size:80%\"\|65th Legislature | \|23 | 6 | 0 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+---------+-------------+
| | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+---------+-------------+
| nowrap style=\"font-size:80%\"\|Begin 66th Legislature | \|23 | 6 | 0 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+---------+-------------+
| nowrap style=\"font-size:80%\"\|March 7, 2025 | \|22 | | 1 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+---------+-------------+
| Latest voting share | \|`{{percentage|22|29|1}}`{=mediawiki} | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+---------+-------------+
### Leadership, 66th session {#leadership_66th_session}
Position Name Party District
------------------------- -------------------- --------------- ----------
President of the Senate J. Stuart Adams \| Republican 7
Majority Leader Kirk Cullimore Jr. \| Republican 19
Majority Whip Chris H. Wilson \| Republican 2
Assistant Majority Whip Mike McKell \| Republican 25
Minority Leader Luz Escamilla \| Democratic 10
Minority Whip Karen Kwan \| Democratic 12
Assistant Minority Whip Jen Plumb \| Democratic 9
### Members of the 66th Senate {#members_of_the_66th_senate}
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| District | Name | Party | First elected | Counties\ |
| | | | | represented |
+==========+====================+========+===============+============================================================================+
| 1 | Scott Sandall | \| Rep | 2018 | Box Elder, Cache, Tooele |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2 | Chris H. Wilson | \| Rep | 2020 | Cache, Rich |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | John Johnson | \| Rep | 2020 | Morgan, Summit, Weber |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 4 | Cal Musselman | \| Rep | 2024 | Davis, Weber |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 5 | Ann Millner | \| Rep | 2014 | Davis, Morgan, Weber |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 6 | Jerry Stevenson | \| Rep | 2010↑ | Davis |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 7 | J. Stuart Adams | \| Rep | 2009↑ | Davis |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 8 | Todd Weiler | \| Rep | 2012↑ | Davis, Salt Lake |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 9 | Jen Plumb | \| Dem | 2022 | Salt Lake |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 10 | Luz Escamilla | \| Dem | 2008 | Salt Lake |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 11 | Daniel Thatcher | \| FWD | 2010 | Salt Lake, Tooele |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 12 | Karen Kwan | \| Dem | 2023↑ | Salt Lake |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 13 | Nate Blouin | \| Dem | 2022 | Salt Lake |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 14 | Stephanie Pitcher | \| Dem | 2022 | Salt Lake |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 15 | Kathleen Riebe | \| Dem | 2018 | Salt Lake |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 16 | Wayne Harper | \| Rep | 2012 | Salt Lake |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 17 | Lincoln Fillmore | \| Rep | 2016↑ | Salt Lake |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 18 | Daniel McCay | \| Rep | 2018 | Salt Lake, Utah |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 19 | Kirk Cullimore Jr. | \| Rep | 2018 | Salt Lake |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 20 | Ronald Winterton | \| Rep | 2018 | Daggett, Duchesne, Summit, Uintah, Wasatch |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 21 | Brady Brammer | \| Rep | 2025↑ | Utah |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 22 | Heidi Balderree | \| Rep | 2023↑ | Salt Lake, Utah |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 23 | Keith Grover | \| Rep | 2018↑ | Utah |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 24 | Keven Stratton | \| Rep | 2024 | Utah, Wasatch |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 25 | Mike McKell | \| Rep | 2020 | Utah |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 26 | David Hinkins | \| Rep | 2008 | Carbon, Emery, Grand, San Juan, Utah, Wasatch |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 27 | Derrin Owens | \| Rep | 2020 | Beaver, Garfield, Juab, Kane, Millard, Piute, Sanpete, Sevier, Utah, Wayne |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 28 | Evan Vickers | \| Rep | 2012 | Beaver, Iron, Washington |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 29 | Don Ipson | \| Rep | 2016↑ | Washington |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | | |
+----------+--------------------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
↑: Senator was originally appointed
## Legislative website {#legislative_website}
Utah Senate staff, under direction of Senate Presidents Waddoups and Niederhauser worked with the House of Representatives, the [LFA](https://le.utah.gov/lfa/index.htm), and other staff to develop what many have called the best legislative website in the nation. In 2014, [le.utah.gov](http://le.utah.gov) won the NCSL Online Democracy Award. The Utah Legislature had previously won this award in 2005.
## Past composition of the Senate {#past_composition_of_the_senate}
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,123,980 |
Totally Boyband
|
***Totally Boyband*** is a television programme directed by Ross Norman that aired in the United Kingdom on MTV. The programme debuted on 18 September 2006 and aired on Sunday nights at 21:30 (GMT). The premise centred on the former members of boy bands and pop music bands attempting to regain their former fame by regrouping into a new band called Upper Street. A single called \"The One (That Got Away)\" was released on 23 October 2006, but spent only one week at number 35 after entering the UK Singles Chart on 29 October.
The participants were:
- Dane Bowers (Another Level)
- Jimmy Constable (911)
- Lee Latchford-Evans (Steps)
- Bradley McIntosh (S Club 7)
- Danny Wood (New Kids on the Block)
The single was later recorded without the help of Latchford-Evans, who was sacked by the rest of the band before their debut release due to a disagreement. He described the band\'s manager in the program, Jonathan Shalit as \"two-faced\".
It was announced in October 2006, that US music network VH1 would be producing its own version of the show, titled *Mission: Man Band* with Bryan Abrams (Color Me Badd), Rich Cronin (LFO), Chris Kirkpatrick (\*NSYNC) and Jeff Timmons (98 Degrees).
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,123,983 |
Laggan Dam
|
**Laggan Dam** is a mass concrete gravity dam located on the River Spean south west of Loch Laggan in the Scottish Highlands. It forms the second reservoir for the Lochaber hydroelectric scheme.
## History
The structure was built as part of the Lochaber hydroelectric scheme by Balfour Beatty for the British Aluminium Company and construction was finished in 1934. The supervising engineers were the firm of C S Meik and William Halcrow, now known as the Halcrow Group.
The dam was designated a Category B listed building in 1985. It was upgraded to Category A listing in 2011, following a review as part of Hydroelectric Power Thematic Survey 2010.
## Design
The dam is about 700 ft long, and 48 m high between the level of the foundations and the crest of the spillway. It is curved upstream like an arch dam with a radius of curvature of 2000 ft, but works purely on the principle of a gravity dam.
The dam impounds Laggan Reservoir and Loch Laggan, which are connected via a short section of the River Spean. This was dredged and straightened over a length of approximately 1.3 mi to the confluence of the Amhainn Ghuilbinn. The reservoir has a capacity of 40000000 m3, between a top water level of 820 ft OD and maximum drawdown level of 804 ft OD, giving an operational range of 16 ft.
The whole crest of the dam, except for a section in the middle that houses equipment, is a spillway broken into 29 bays by piers that support a roadway across the dam. As well as the spillway, there are six self-priming siphons embedded into the centre of the dam, controlled automatically by system of air valves. The siphons are set to operate in pairs, priming at 820.5, 821.0, and 821.25 feet OD (250.1, 250.2, 250.3 m OD), and discharge through 4′2″ (1.3 m) diameter Glenfield-Kennedy jet disperser pipes. Laggan Dam was the first large siphon spillway used in the UK.
The foundations are built on granite, and the dam was built in seven sections, with copper strip and hot poured asphalt water stops in the joints.
Water from the dam is conveyed to Loch Treig through 3 mi of tunnel. From there, the waters travel through a further 15 mi of tunnel, 15 ft in diameter, before descending the hillside to a power house at Fort William through five steel pipes.
The dam can be found next to the A86 road from Fort William, however there is no public access over it. The catchment area of the dam was increased by an aqueduct which diverts flow from the River Mashie into the River Pattack. This can be seen at the side of the A86 road in Strath Mashie.
Between 1941 and 1943, the catchment was further expanded by constructing another dam across the headwaters of the River Spey, and diverting flow through a tunnel to Loch Laggan. This was constructed by the 1st Tunnelling Company of the Canadian Army.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,123,994 |
Taylor–Bray Farm
|
The **Taylor--Bray Farm** is a farm in Yarmouth Port, Massachusetts, and was originally owned and settled by Richard \"of the Rock\" Taylor in 1639 while it was still part of Plymouth colony. Stephen Hopkins (settler), a distant maternal line ancestor (see below), was given permission to build a house and cut hay near this farm in 1638, but the first house in Yarmouth built by an Englishman was built by his son Giles in 1638.
Through many generations, it remained in the Taylor family until 1896, when Lucy W. Taylor sold the farm to George and William Bray, two brothers who had worked for the Taylors, and who were probably distant relatives. The property that Lucy sold for \$400 included 50 acres (20 hectares) of uplands and adjacent marshlands which were capable of producing each year six tons of a combination of salt and fresh hay. The deed described the property as being in that part of Yarmouth known as Hockanom. It was sustained as a prosperous working farm by the Bray family until 1941. They continued to harvest salt marsh hay from Black Flat Marsh to feed their farm animals. The Brays often sold their strawberry and blueberry crops from a wheelbarrow on Old Kings Highway. In 1946 Robert J Williams purchased the farm and 88 acres for the tax due on the property. He moved from New Jersey to work for the Buzzards Bay Gas company until he retired. Robert Williams along with wife Katherin and son Robert Jr. lived on the farm and restored and improved the original farmhouse and surrounding land. They also improved the barn and a small apartment built into the side of the hill under the large ice-age boulder adjacent to the barn. Robert Williams introduced sheep to the farm and maintained them throughout his ownership. Although he worked a full-time job, he raised the sheep like the proud Welshman he was. He showed his sheep all over Massachusetts in county fairs. He sheared them and sold the wool. He also had several large vegetable gardens as well as wild and cultivated blueberries, and raspberries. The farm provided a great deal of food for the family. Robert Jr. built a home up the road for his new wife, and had a son in that house in the mid-1950s. Later he would move the family to south Yarmouth. The grandchildren would spend weekends on the farm up until the mid-1960s. The Williams family sold the farm they loved and cared for to a developer in the 1970s when Katherine became ill and could not keep up with the demands of the property. The terms stipulated that the farmhouse and barn be preserved. The Williams family saved the farm from destruction in the 1940s and in the 1970s. By the late 1980s, ownership changed hands a number of times, and the buildings saw neglect.
In 1987, the prospect of non-farm use of the land prompted the Town of Yarmouth to purchase the property. The specific intent was \"to maintain the farm for historic preservation and conservation\". Tenant/managers have lived in the farmhouse, welcoming the public and educating school groups about the farm\'s history and natural environment.
The farm, a rare survivor of a type of property that once characterized north side agricultural development, was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. The farm consists of approximately 22 acres (8 hectares) bordering Chase Garden Creek and the Black Flats marsh and includes four fixed structures, including a `{{Frac|1|2}}`{=mediawiki} Cape farmhouse, a barn, a caretaker\'s cottage, and a small storage building. A small flock of sheep is still kept at the farm.
The non-profit Taylor--Bray Farm Preservation Association (TBFPA) and the Yarmouth Historical Commission began an active collaboration in 2001 aimed at fixing up the property for greater public enjoyment. Extensive work remains to further restore the late-18th-century farmhouse and barn.
## Earliest farming conditions {#earliest_farming_conditions}
An unpublished biography of Richard \"Rock\" Taylor by Mrs. Elizabeth Bray describes earliest farming conditions, the crude cow-houses, crude shelters for crops, and suitable fruit trees, mostly applicable to the neighboring larger Hallett farm. A cow-house (barn) only sheltered the cows and other stock; the fodder (usually salt hay) was stacked outside. The crops (corn) were stored in crude shelters made of poles with only the roof made of boards. The Kentish cherry trees were planted around the edge of the orchard to protect the less hardy trees within. The apple trees were often inferior seedlings, but could be good Pignoses (winter apple) or Foxwell (fall apple), or grafts on the inferior seedlings. The pears were also inferior seedlings, but there were grafts of the French Sugar Pear and the Black Worcester, and later the Catherine (from Boston) and the Orange; the trees were hardy and long-lived.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,124,036 |
Crvenka, Belgrade
|
**Crvenka** (`{{lang-sr-cyr|Црвенка}}`{=mediawiki}) is a suburban settlement of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in the Belgrade\'s municipality of Palilula and statistically is part of Borča.
## Location
Crvenka is located in Banat section of the municipality, half kilometer away from the left bank of the Danube, on the *Batin kanal* stream. It is built in the thickly forested area and surrounded by marshes of Pančevački Rit so, even being close, it can\'t be seen from the opposite, Zemun bank and it is not near to any other settlements of Belgrade.
## History
During the 18th century an Austrian sentry post was erected here and was named Crvenka (Serbian for *red land* or *red place*).
The settlement was built after the World War II. It developed as an experimental agricultural farm of the University of Belgrade's Faculty of Agriculture, which is seated across the Danube, in the neighborhood of Zemun. The settlers came to Crvenka as they were needed for the work, instead of being colonized like in the other settlements in Pančevački Rit. Part of the original settlers were Germans who left for Germany in the 1960s.
## Characteristics
Part of Crvenka is a weekend-settlement which means it has no permanent population. It consists of some 100 houses, mostly owned by the residents of Zemun, even though it is located across the river, in different municipality. Public transportation bus line 104 connects Crvenka to Belgrade's neighborhood of Bogoslovija.
The canal that flows through the settlement, *Batin canal* used to be broader and navigable, with colonies of wild ducks and white herons and it was used by the Belgrade\'s kayaking clubs for trainings. Since the canal was illegally dammed to create a path to Borča with tree trunks, the water flow was stopped, the canal began flooding the surrounding area and wild birds moved out.
Crvenka gained some public notoriety when on 2 April 2016 a murder occurred on the settlement\'s embankment. Little known folk singer Jelena Marjanović was murdered and the viciousness of the crime, botched investigation by the police and a fact that the crime has not been solved, turned the murder into the cause célèbre in Serbia.
## Future
In the mid 2000s, city government announced plans to urbanize the area which would be centered at Crvenka, as the core of the future „Third Belgrade" (after „old" Belgrade and New Belgrade). Some of the requirements for the plan to develop was the construction of the northern part of the Belgrade bypass and the Pupin Bridge, which opened in 2014. However, due to the push of the Belgrade Waterfront project, plans are halted.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,124,043 |
The Paltry Nude Starts on a Spring Voyage
|
\"**The Paltry Nude Starts on a Spring Voyage**\" is a poem from Wallace Stevens\'s first book, Harmonium. Originally published in 1919, it is in the public domain. Despite general agreement that it is indebted to Botticelli\'s *The Birth of Venus*, there is uncertainty about the nature of the debt. `{{quote box|bgcolor=lightyellow
|title = The Paltry Nude Starts on a Spring Voyage
|quote = <poem>
But not on a shell, she starts,
Archaic, for the sea.
But on the first-found weed
She scuds the glitters,
Noiselessly, like one more wave.
She too is discontent
And would have purple stuff upon her arms,
Tired of the salty harbors,
Eager for the brine and bellowing
Of the high interiors of the sea.
The wind speeds her on,
Blowing upon her hands
And watery back.
She touches the clouds, where she goes
In the circle of her traverse of the sea.
Yet this is meagre play
In the scrurry and water-shine
As her heels foam ---
Not as when the goldener nude
Of a later day
Will go, like the centre of sea-green pomp,
In an intenser calm,
Scullion of fate,
Across the spick torrent, ceaselessly,
Upon her irretrievable way.
</poem>}}`{=mediawiki} Helen Vendler takes it as obvious that the poem is about \"our impoverished American Venus, who has none of the trappings of Botticelli\'s Venus, but who will eventually accumulate aura and mythological fullness through new American art\". She dismisses the English poet Craig Raine\'s identification of the paltry nude with a sailboat. (\"The nude is, one guesses, a sailing boat\....Later, the ship will be weather-beaten, a goldener nude, and will eventually sink.\") That only confirms that \"the English incomprehension of Stevens continues almost unabated\", she acidly remarks, conceding that Frank Kermode is the exception that proves the rule. She might concede that the \"archaic\" one of the first two lines is foam-arisen Aphrodite, who the paltry nude is not, but might well disapprove of the suggestion that the one who \"scuds the glitters\" is the American Venus (reduced to scudding on a weed) and that \"the goldener nude\" is Botticelli\'s Venus.
Ronald Sukenick declares with equal certainty that \"the nude is an emblematic figure of spring. There is a comparison between spring, in the first part of the poem, and a similar figure representing summer, in the latter part. Thus spring is \'paltry,\' particularly early spring, spring at the start of her voyage, as compared with the fullness of summer described later on.\" \'Scrurry\', though often reproduced, is a misprint for \"scurry\", as his posthumous papers show.
Compare Stevens\'s poem \"Bantam in Pine-Woods\" which also makes a statement about the new American art.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,124,052 |
Marilyn and Me
|
***Marilyn and Me*** is a 1991 American television film. It premiered on the History Channel in India on May 12, 2006, in Double \'F\'.
The film portrays the life of Robert Slatzer, an American writer who claimed to have married Marilyn Monroe in Mexico on 4 October 1952 (although there is no proof that this happened) and said that he met her when she was just beginning acting. Their secret affair shatters and rebuilds several times, as Marilyn is torn apart between her career and her lover.
## Cast
- Susan Griffiths as Marilyn Monroe
- Jesse Dabson as Robert Slatzer
- Terry Moore as Woman at Hyde\'s Funeral
- Sandy McPeak as Darryl F. Zanuck
- Kurt Fuller as Harry Lipton
- Michael Cavanaugh as Walter Winchell
- Joel Grey as Johnny Hyde
- Sal Landi as Joe DiMaggio
- Marla Adams as Gladys Pearl Baker
- Richard Roat as Western Director
- David Wells as Tom Kelley
## Episodes
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,124,055 |
2006 Portuguese Basketball Champions Tournament
|
The Portuguese Basketball Champions Tournament was a competition for Portuguese teams that play in the Portuguese Basketball League (LCB).
It was won by Ovarense, beating Benfica 69-57 in the final.
## Qualifying
### Group A {#group_a}
Played in Casino Ginásio pavilion
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +-----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ |
| | Team | Pld | W | L | PF | PA | |
| +=================+===================================+===================================+===================================+===================================+===================================+ |
| | Casino Ginásio | 2 | 1 | 1 | 155 | 141 | |
| +-----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ |
| | Lusitania Angra | 2 | 1 | 1 | 156 | 155 | |
| +-----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ |
| | CAB Madeira | 2 | 1 | 1 | 156 | 171 | |
| +-----------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+--------------------------:+:------------------:+--------------------+
| **Casino Ginásio** | **87 - 69** | **CAB Madeira** |
+---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| **Casino Ginásio** | **68 - 72** | **Lusitania** |
+---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| **CAB Madeira** | **87 - 84** | **Lusitania** |
+---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
### Group B {#group_b}
Played in CF Belenenses pavilion
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +---------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ |
| | Team | Pld | W | L | PF | PA | |
| +===============+===================================+===================================+===================================+===================================+===================================+ |
| | Benfica | 2 | 2 | | 169 | 135 | |
| +---------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ |
| | CF Belenenses | 2 | 1 | 1 | 157 | 152 | |
| +---------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ |
| | Barreirense | 2 | 1 | 1 | 145 | 159 | |
| +---------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ |
| | Queluz Sintra | 2 | | 2 | 139 | 161 | |
| +---------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+--------------------------:+:------------------:+--------------------+
| **Barreirense** | **70 - 84** | **Benfica** |
+---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| **CF Belenenses** | **92 - 70** | **Queluz Sintra** |
+---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| **Barreirense** | **75 - 69** | **Queluz Sintra** |
+---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| **CF Belenenses** | **65 - 85** | **Benfica** |
+---------------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
## Final phase {#final_phase}
Played in Portalegre
Ovarense and FC Porto automatic qualified as LCB Champion and Portuguese Cup Winner.
**MVP**: `{{Flagicon|USA}}`{=mediawiki} Shawn Jackson - Ovarense
\
{\| width=95% \|- align=center \|**2006/07 Portuguese Basketball Champions Tournament Winner**:\
Ovarense\
\|}
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,124,067 |
Vampyres (film)
|
***Vampyres*** is a 1974 British horror film directed by José Ramón Larraz and starring Anulka Dziubinska, Marianne Morris, and Murray Brown. Its plot follows two female lovers who, having been resurrected as vampires, lure unsuspecting travelers to their dilapidated estate to feed on their blood.
The film contains the trope of the lesbian vampire, and was targeted by film critics for its depictions of graphic violence, sex, and its presentation of female bisexuality. It was first released in the United States in 1975 by Cambist Films, and was later released in the United Kingdom in 1976.
In the years following its release, the film has garnered a large cult following.
## Plot
Fran and Miriam, female lovers, are shot to death in bed at a rural English country house. Resurrected as vampires, the couple proceed to carry on by luring unsuspecting people to the dilapidated estate, where they can feed on their blood.
Young couple John and Harriet drive past Fran while traveling through the English countryside. Afterward, John and Harriet decide to camp out in their caravan near the country house for several days. Harriet is perturbed by the locale, and tells John she saw another woman (Miriam) hiding behind a tree when they passed by Fran. That night, during a rainstorm, Harriet sees lights inside the home, and is startled by a figure looking into the caravan. John investigates, but finds nothing.
In the morning, a middle-aged man named Ted passes through the area, observing a single-car accident with a male decedent. Fran, again posing as a hitchhiker, gets a ride from Ted to the house. She invites him inside, where the two have passionate sex. In the morning, Ted finds a gash wound on his arm, which he attributes to a broken wine glass. After failing to locate Fran, Ted stops at John and Harriet\'s parked caravan, where they invite him in for coffee and bandage his wound. Ted returns to the house, waiting for Fran\'s return in his parked car. She returns at dusk, accompanied by Miriam and a young man, Rupert, whom the women have also lured there. That night, after Ted falls asleep, Fran joins Miriam in murdering and feeding on Rupert. After hiding the body, the women shower together. Miriam implores Fran to murder Ted soon, fearing she may become too emotionally invested.
thumb\|left\|upright=1\|Fran and Miriam attack John in his car Curious about Fran and Miriam, Harriet follows the women the next morning as they walk into the woods and pass through a church graveyard. Meanwhile, Ted departs in his car, and stumbles upon another road accident scene, but is startled to see the victim is Rupert. Rattled, Ted returns to the house and inadvertently locks himself in the wine cellar. That night, Fran and Miriam return to the house and find Ted in the cellar. Fran begins feeding on his arm wound as he lies submissively. Miriam enters the room and also begins to feed on Ted\'s wound, followed by the women having sex as Ted lies beside them.
Harriet eventually enters the house, and finds both Fran and Miriam sleeping in darkness in the wine cellar. John confronts Harriet and ushers her out of the house, worried they will be cited for trespassing. Ted, who has lain weak with anemia in Fran\'s bedroom, hears the women depart and return to the house, again with a new suitor, this time a self-assured playboy. They bring him to the cellar, where they stab him to death. Meanwhile, Ted garners enough strength to stumble outside to John and Harriet\'s caravan. John attempts to drive to safety, but is murdered by Fran and Miriam in the car. Upon going to investigate, Harriet is attacked by Fran and Miriam, who drag her into the wine cellar and slit her throat.
At dawn, Ted stumbles back to his car in a daze. He is awoken by a realtor who assumes Ted to be a drunkard and orders him to leave. As Ted drives hurriedly away, the realtor approaches the estate with an elderly American couple interested in purchasing it. The realtor comments that the real estate agency has had trouble selling the property, as it is believed to be haunted by two women who were murdered there.
## Cast
## Analysis
One of *Vampyres*\' unique improvisations on the vampire genre is the decision for its vampires to feed out of a cut in the arm of victim Ted. Larraz explains his impetus behind this choice, saying, \"I imagine my vampires turn almost to cannibalism, to eat somebody, to take the blood from anywhere, no matter if it is on the arm or on the balls!\" Film theorist Barbara Creed called this wound \"one of the most grotesque sights in the film.\"
*Vampyres* received renewed attention from film scholars in the 1990s when writers began to reassess British horror and sexploitation films from the 1970s. Analysing the film\'s sexual content, scholar Leon Hunt writes that \"the male heterosexual narrative of *Vampyres* (the one which would sell the film) is an explicitly masochistic one,\" as the male characters in the film are relegated to \"props\" used for the vampires\' sexual encounters with each other.
## Production
### Casting
Anulka had been featured in *Playboy*\'s \"Girls of Munich\" pictorial in 1972, and appeared as the magazine\'s Playmate of the Month in May 1973. *Vampyres* was her first acting role on film.
Prior to *Vampyres*, Marianne Morris had appeared in *Corruption* (1968), *Lovebox* (1972), *Just One More Time* (1974), and *Percy\'s Progress* (1974); according to Morris, she was cast in *Vampyres* as Larraz had wanted someone who did not look particularly English.
Sally Faulkner, a Shakespearean stage actress, was cast in the role of Harriet. Recounting the experience, Faulkner commented that making the film was unpleasant, as she felt that Larraz was disrespectful toward both her and her co-star, Brian Deacon. \"It was not that we were seeking star treatment,\" Faulkner said. \"José was very singleminded and not supportive---he was particularly critical of me.\"
### Filming
*Vampyres* was shot over a three-week period on a modest budget of £42,000 (`{{Inflation|UK|42000|1974|r=-3|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}`{=mediawiki}).
Effective use is made of erstwhile Hammer horror set Oakley Court and interiors were shot in Harefield Grove, a grade-II listed, early-nineteenth-century country house in the London borough of Hillingdon, where Larraz had previously filmed *Symptoms*. The making of the film was briefly covered in the 1974 BBC documentary *The Dracula Business*.
### Music
The music was scored by James Clark.
## Release
The film was bought by the British distributor Fox-Rank in 1974, who did not release it until 1976 as a double-feature with *The Devil\'s Rain*.
### Censorship
*Vampyres* was distributed in the United States by Cambist, who released it uncut with an X certificate in March 1975.
It was initially censored in the UK, with 2 minutes and 21 seconds of gory and sexual content cut. Larraz called this cut of the film \"the Vatican version\".
### Critical response {#critical_response}
*Vampyres* received a mixed reception, with many reviews focusing on the film\'s explicit depiction of female bisexuality. *The Independent Film Journal* suggested that the film \"bares enough flesh and suggestive coupling to link it to the softcore circuit rather than the traditional horror market\". *Variety*\'s Frank Segers wrote that the film \"indicates b.o. \[box office\] potential in appropriate adult situations\...combining lesbian predilections with the usual bloodthirsty vampirical ways.\"
The UK press response also concentrated on the film\'s sexual content, despite its cuts. David Pirie wrote in *The Monthly Film Bulletin*, \"it is rare for sex and violence to be so completely and graphically integrated in a British movie (left surprisingly intact by the censor).\" *Screen International*\'s Marjorie Bilbow called *Vampyres* \"A let down for horror addicts, with fringe benefits for voyeurs.\"
### Home media {#home_media}
*Vampyres* was released on DVD by Anchor Bay Entertainment on 9 May 2000. Blue Underground subsequently released a DVD edition on 27 May 2003, followed by a Blu-ray edition in 2010. On 22 March 2019, Arrow Video released the film in a new Blu-ray edition as part of a three-film set titled *Blood Hunger: The Films of José Larraz*, which also contains *Whirlpool* (1970) and *The Coming of Sin* (1978).
## Alternative titles {#alternative_titles}
The film has been distributed under various alternative titles or with different subtitles: *The Vampyres*, *Blood Hunger*, *Daughters of Dracula* (not to be confused with*Dracula\'s Daughter*), *Satan\'s Daughters* (not to be confused with *Daughters of Satan*), *Vampyres: Daughters of Dracula* and *Vampyres: Daughters of Darkness* (not to be confused with *Daughters of Darkness*).
## Remake
A remake, also called *Vampyres*, was directed by Víctor Matellano and released in 2015.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,124,079 |
Birgisch
|
**Birgisch** is a former municipality in the district of Brig in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Birgisch and Mund merged into the municipality of Naters.
## History
Birgisch is first mentioned in 1232 as *Burginse*.
## Geography
Before the merger, Birgisch had a total area of 5.7 km2. The area is divided as follows: 37.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 46.5% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 3.0% is settled (buildings or roads) and 12.6% is unproductive land.
The former municipality is located above the right bank of the Rhone river. It consists of the village of Birgisch and numerous hamlets.
## Coat of arms {#coat_of_arms}
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is *Azure, a bend lowered wavy Argent, in chief sinister a Tower of the same lined, doored and windowed Sable.*
## Demographics
Birgisch had a population (as of 2010) of 241. `{{as of|2008}}`{=mediawiki}, 4.1% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999--2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 0%. It has changed at a rate of -1.8% due to migration and at a rate of 1.8% due to births and deaths.
Most of the population (`{{as of|2000|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}) speaks German (207 or 95.4%) as their first language, Slovenian is the second most common language (4 or 1.8%) and French is the third (2 or 0.9%).
, the gender distribution of the population was 50.9% male and 49.1% female. The population was made up of 107 Swiss men (48.6% of the population) and 5 (2.3%) non-Swiss men. There were 105 Swiss women (47.7%) and 3 (1.4%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality 110 or about 50.7% were born in Birgisch and lived there in 2000. There were 65 or 30.0% who were born in the same canton, while 27 or 12.4% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 13 or 6.0% were born outside of Switzerland. The age distribution of the population (`{{as of|2000|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}) is children and teenagers (0--19 years old) making up 24% of the population, while adults (20--64 years old) making up 59% and seniors (over 64 years old) making up 17.1%.
, there were 88 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 113 married individuals, 14 widows or widowers and 2 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 84 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.5 persons per household. There were 23 households that consist of only one person and 6 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 85 households that answered this question, 27.1% were households made up of just one person and there was 1 adult who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 22 married couples without children, 34 married couples with children There were 3 single parents with a child or children. There was 1 household that was made up of unrelated people and 1 household that was made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.
there were 91 single family homes (or 72.2% of the total) out of a total of 126 inhabited buildings. There were 26 multi-family buildings (20.6%), along with 7 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (5.6%) and 2 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (1.6%).
, a total of 80 apartments (51.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 58 apartments (37.7%) were seasonally occupied and 16 apartments (10.4%) were empty. `{{as of|2009}}`{=mediawiki}, the construction rate of new housing units was 9.1 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, `{{as of|2010|alt=in 2010}}`{=mediawiki}, was 2.41%.
The historical population is given in the following chart: Colors=
` id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9)`\
` id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8)`
ImageSize = width:1020 height:210 PlotArea = height:150 left:100 bottom:50 right:100 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:260 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:50 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:10 start:0 PlotData=
` color:yellowgreen width:40 mark:(line,white) align:center`\
` bar:1821 from:start till:122 text:"122"`\
` bar:1850 from:start till:191 text:"191"`\
` bar:1860 from:start till:198 text:"198"`\
` bar:1870 from:start till:165 text:"165"`\
` bar:1880 from:start till:211 text:"211"`\
` bar:1888 from:start till:208 text:"208"`\
` bar:1900 from:start till:252 text:"252"`\
` bar:1910 from:start till:230 text:"230"`\
` bar:1920 from:start till:259 text:"259"`\
` bar:1930 from:start till:235 text:"235"`\
` bar:1941 from:start till:205 text:"205"`\
` bar:1950 from:start till:238 text:"238"`\
` bar:1960 from:start till:220 text:"220"`\
` bar:1970 from:start till:152 text:"152"`\
` bar:1980 from:start till:181 text:"181"`\
` bar:1990 from:start till:209 text:"209"`\
` bar:2000 from:start till:217 text:"217"`
## Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 56.68% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (21.93%), the SP (13.35%) and the Green Party (2.72%). In the federal election, a total of 114 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 63.0%.
In the 2009 Conseil d\'État/Staatsrat election a total of 95 votes were cast, of which 9 or about 9.5% were invalid. The voter participation was 53.7%, which is similar to the cantonal average of 54.67%. In the 2007 Swiss Council of States election a total of 114 votes were cast, of which 12 or about 10.5% were invalid. The voter participation was 64.0%, which is similar to the cantonal average of 59.88%.
## Economy
, Birgisch had an unemployment rate of 0.7%. `{{as of|2008}}`{=mediawiki}, there were 23 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 12 businesses involved in this sector. 4 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 2 businesses in this sector. 8 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 3 businesses in this sector. There were 98 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 36.7% of the workforce.
the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 17. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 8, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 3 of which 1 was in manufacturing and 2 (66.7%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 6. In the tertiary sector; 1 was in the sale or repair of motor vehicles, 2 or 33.3% were in a hotel or restaurant, 2 or 33.3% were in education.
, there were 6 workers who commuted into the municipality and 84 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 14.0 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 19.4% used public transportation to get to work, and 74.5% used a private car.
## Religion
From the `{{as of|2000|alt=2000 census}}`{=mediawiki}, 203 or 93.5% were Roman Catholic, while 9 or 4.1% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. 2 (or about 0.92% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 3 individuals (or about 1.38% of the population) did not answer the question.
## Education
In Birgisch about 83 or (38.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 10 or (4.6%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a *Fachhochschule*). Of the 10 who completed tertiary schooling, 60.0% were Swiss men, 30.0% were Swiss women.
During the 2010-2011 school year there were a total of 13 students in the Birgisch school system. The education system in the Canton of Valais allows young children to attend one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten. During that school year, there were no kindergarten classes (KG1 or KG2) and there were no kindergarten students. The canton\'s school system requires students to attend six years of primary school. In Birgisch there was one class and 13 students in the primary school. The secondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling (orientation classes), followed by three to five years of optional, advanced schools. All the lower secondary students from Birgisch attend their school in a neighboring municipality. All the upper secondary students attended school in another municipality.
, there were 10 students from Birgisch who attended schools outside the municipality.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,124,084 |
Dasharna
|
**Dasharna** (Sanskrit:दशार्ण `{{IAST|Daśārṇa}}`{=mediawiki}) was an ancient Indian janapada (realm) in eastern Malwa region between the Dhasan River and the Betwa River. The name of the janapada was derived from the `{{IAST|Daśārṇa}}`{=mediawiki}, the ancient name of the Dhasan River. The janapada was also known as *Akara* and Rudradaman I in his Junagarh rock inscription referred to this region by this name. Kalidasa in his Meghaduta (*Purvamegha*, 24-25) mentioned the city of Vidisha as the capital of Dasharna. Other important cities of this janapada were Erakina and Erikachha. According to the Mahabharata, the queen of king Virabahu or Subahu of Chedi kingdom and the queen of king Bhima of Vidarbha (the mother of Damayanti) were daughters of the king of Dasharna.
## King Ashadhamitra of Dasharna {#king_ashadhamitra_of_dasharna}
A brick inscription from Erich, which commemorates the excavation of a tank, informs us about a king of Dasharna, Ashadhamitra as well as his ancestors. In this inscription, Ashadhamitra, who styled himself as a *Senapati* is named as the son of *Senapati* Mulamitra (who was also the king of Dasharna), the grandson of *Senapati* Aditamitra and the great-grandson of Senapati *Shatanika*. Recently, a coin of Ashadhamitra has been discovered where he described himself as an *Amatya* and the king of Dasharna.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,124,089 |
Continental R-670
|
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```
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,124,091 |
2006 Colorado Referendum K
|
**Referendum K** was a referendum on the 2006 Colorado ballot. It \"directs the Colorado attorney general to initiate, or join other states in, a lawsuit against the U.S. attorney general to demand that the federal government enforce existing federal immigration laws\".[1](https://web.archive.org/web/20061023194820/http://www.state.co.us/gov_dir/leg_dir/lcsstaff/bluebook/06ReferendumKfiscalnote.pdf) The referendum passed, garnering 55.72% of the vote.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,124,094 |
Eggerberg
|
**Eggerberg** is a village and municipality in the district of Brig in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. Besides the village of Eggerberg, the municipality includes the settlements of **Berg**, **Eggen**, **Finnen**, **Mühlackern** and **Wirmschland**.
## History
Eggerberg is first mentioned in 1307 as *Eccun*.
## Geography
Eggerberg has an area, `{{as of|2011|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}, of 6 km2. Of this area, 15.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 56.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 5.5% is settled (buildings or roads) and 22.9% is unproductive land.
The municipality is located on the slopes above the northern Rhone valley, near Visp. It consists of the village of Eggerberg and the hamlets of Mühlackern, Wirmschland, Berg, Eggen and summer only settlement of Finnen.
The proposed merger of the municipalities of Eggerberg, Ausserberg, Bürchen, Baltschieder, Visp and Visperterminen was rejected by the residents.
## Coat of arms {#coat_of_arms}
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is *Azure, issuant from Coupeaux Vert a Latin Cross Argent between in chief dexter a Moon Or and sinister a Sun of the Same.*
## Demographics
Eggerberg has a population (`{{as of|{{Swiss populations YM|CH-VS}}|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}) of `{{Swiss populations|CH-VS|6004}}`{=mediawiki}.`{{Swiss populations ref|CH-VS}}`{=mediawiki} `{{as of|2008}}`{=mediawiki}, 1.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999--2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of -13.6%. It has changed at a rate of -7.1% due to migration and at a rate of -3.3% due to births and deaths.
Most of the population (`{{as of|2000|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}) speaks German (378 or 99.0%) as their first language, French is the second most common (2 or 0.5%) and Italian is the third (1 or 0.3%).
, the gender distribution of the population was 47.8% male and 52.2% female. The population was made up of 157 Swiss men (45.8% of the population) and 7 (2.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 172 Swiss women (50.1%) and 7 (2.0%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality 269 or about 70.4% were born in Eggerberg and lived there in 2000. There were 83 or 21.7% who were born in the same canton, while 16 or 4.2% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 5 or 1.3% were born outside of Switzerland. The age distribution of the population (`{{as of|2000|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}) is children and teenagers (0--19 years old) make up 27.5% of the population, while adults (20--64 years old) make up 58.1% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 14.4%.
, there were 159 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 193 married individuals, 25 widows or widowers and 5 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 135 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.7 persons per household. There were 35 households that consist of only one person and 17 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 147 households that answered this question, 23.8% were households made up of just one person and there were 4 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 26 married couples without children, 61 married couples with children There were 6 single parents with a child or children. There were 3 households that were made up of unrelated people and 12 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.
there were 131 single family homes (or 68.6% of the total) out of a total of 191 inhabited buildings. There were 41 multi-family buildings (21.5%), along with 13 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (6.8%) and 6 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (3.1%).
, a total of 115 apartments (48.5% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 105 apartments (44.3%) were seasonally occupied and 17 apartments (7.2%) were empty.
The historical population is given in the following chart: Colors=
` id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9)`\
` id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8)`
ImageSize = width:1020 height:210 PlotArea = height:150 left:100 bottom:50 right:100 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:630 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:100 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:20 start:0 PlotData=
` color:yellowgreen width:40 mark:(line,white) align:center`\
` bar:1802 from:start till:153 text:"153"`\
` bar:1850 from:start till:217 text:"217"`\
` bar:1860 from:start till:241 text:"241"`\
` bar:1870 from:start till:197 text:"197"`\
` bar:1880 from:start till:209 text:"209"`\
` bar:1888 from:start till:215 text:"215"`\
` bar:1900 from:start till:224 text:"224"`\
` bar:1910 from:start till:622 text:"622"`\
` bar:1920 at:500 text:"Construction of the Lötschbergbahn"`\
` bar:1920 from:start till:262 text:"262"`\
` bar:1930 from:start till:295 text:"295"`\
` bar:1941 from:start till:324 text:"324"`\
` bar:1950 from:start till:344 text:"344"`\
` bar:1960 from:start till:375 text:"375"`\
` bar:1970 from:start till:352 text:"352"`\
` bar:1980 from:start till:355 text:"355"`\
` bar:1990 from:start till:371 text:"371"`\
` bar:2000 from:start till:382 text:"382"`
## Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 66.73% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (16.87%), the SP (13.66%) and the FDP (1.71%). In the federal election, a total of 216 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 74.7%.
In the 2009 Conseil d\'État/Staatsrat election a total of 172 votes were cast, of which 6 or about 3.5% were invalid. The voter participation was 60.6%, which is much more than the cantonal average of 54.67%. In the 2007 Swiss Council of States election a total of 212 votes were cast, of which 3 or about 1.4% were invalid. The voter participation was 73.4%, which is much more than the cantonal average of 59.88%.
## Economy
, Eggerberg had an unemployment rate of 0.7%. `{{as of|2008}}`{=mediawiki}, there were 32 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 16 businesses involved in this sector. 5 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 2 businesses in this sector. 45 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 10 businesses in this sector. There were 192 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 41.1% of the workforce.
the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 52. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 8, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 5, all of which were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 39. In the tertiary sector; 1 was in the sale or repair of motor vehicles, 21 or 53.8% were in the movement and storage of goods, 5 or 12.8% were in a hotel or restaurant, 1 was the insurance or financial industry, 2 or 5.1% were technical professionals or scientists, 2 or 5.1% were in education.
, there were 17 workers who commuted into the municipality and 159 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 9.4 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 35.4% used public transportation to get to work, and 51.6% used a private car.
## Transport
Eggerberg railway station, on the Lötschberg line, is adjacent to the village of Eggerberg. It is served by trains to Bern, Thun and Brig. A PostAuto bus service links Finnen, Eggen, Eggerberg, Baltschieder and Visp.
## Religion
From the `{{as of|2000|alt=2000 census}}`{=mediawiki}, 354 or 92.7% were Roman Catholic, while 6 or 1.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 individual who belongs to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 22 individuals (or about 5.76% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. 3 (or about 0.79% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 7 individuals (or about 1.83% of the population) did not answer the question.
## Education
In Eggerberg about 134 or (35.1%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 11 or (2.9%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a *Fachhochschule*). Of the 11 who completed tertiary schooling, 90.9% were Swiss men, 9.1% were Swiss women.
During the 2010-2011 school year there were a total of 10 students in the Eggerberg school system. The education system in the Canton of Valais allows young children to attend one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten. During that school year, there were no kindergarten classes (KG1 or KG2) and there were no kindergarten students. The canton\'s school system requires students to attend six years of primary school. In Eggerberg there was one class and 10 students in the primary school. The secondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling (orientation classes), followed by three to five years of optional, advanced schools. All the lower secondary students from Eggerberg attend their school in a neighboring municipality. All the upper secondary students attended school in another municipality.
, there was one student in Eggerberg who came from another municipality, while 15 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
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7,124,101 |
David Haskell
|
**David Michael Haskell** (June 4, 1948 -- August 30, 2000) was an American film, stage and television actor and singer best known for his performance in the musical *Godspell*.
## Early life {#early_life}
David Haskell was born in Stockton, California. David graduated from Terra Linda High School, San Rafael, California, in June 1966.
He attended the College of Marin before transferring to Carnegie Mellon University.
He was also a Past Master Councilor of the Mill Valley Chapter, Order of DeMolay.
## Career
Haskell is best remembered for his performance in the 1970s in the New York City, New York, Off-Broadway musical-theatre production *Godspell* and its subsequent film adaptation (1973) in the dual roles of John the Baptist and Judas Iscariot. He also appeared as Claudio in the Joseph Papp Public Theater/New York Shakespeare Festival off-Broadway theatre production (1976), at the Delacorte Theater, of the play *Measure for Measure* (*circa* 1603 or 1604) by William Shakespeare.
He played recurring character Nick Hartley on the soap opera *Santa Barbara* from 1985-1986, the love interest of the character Kelly Capwell played by Robin Wright. He can also be seen as the doctor who saves the life of the dog Jerry Lee at the end of the 1989 movie *K-9*.
Haskell also made various guest appearances on several television series from the 1970s to the 1990s. Included in these is a 1973 appearance in *The Mary Tyler Moore Show* in the fourth season episode, \"Cottage for Sale\". He played a newlywed home buyer named David Russell. He also appeared on *Eight is Enough* in 1979 as Ed Gardner in the third season, Episode 22, \"The Kid Who Came to Dinner.\"
## Death
David Haskell died on August 30, 2000 of brain cancer, aged 52, in Woodland Hills, a neighborhood of Los Angeles, California.
## Partial filmography {#partial_filmography}
- *Godspell* (1973) - John the Baptist / Judas Iscariot
- *Seems Like Old Times* (1980) - Policeman
- *Deal of the Century* (1983) - Rockwell Official
- *Body Double* (1984) - Will
- *Santa Barbara* (1985-1986) - Nick Hartley
- *The Boost* (1988) - Doctor
- *K-9* (1989) - Doctor
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7,124,103 |
État 42-001 to 42-020
|
**État 42-001 to 42-020**, was a class of 2-8-2 Tank locomotives of the Chemins de Fer de l\'État.
## Design
Studies were led in parallel with those of the 140 C. The 42-000s were of simple expansion with two cylinders and possessed the powerful fireboxes of the 140-100s. Although the fireboxes were excellent, the rest was of average quality with cylinders particularly of small diameter (250 mm). The Chemin de fer de l\'État chose small wheels to give the engines the capacity for quick acceleration. The railway company was very satisfied with the engines as they were capable of hauling the heavy steel coaches.
## Construction
This series of 20 engines, numbered 42-001 to 42-020, was built by Fives-Lille and was allocated to the Batignolles motive power depot. Although they were designed in 1913, production was delayed by World War I until 1923, when the Chemins de Fer de l\'État took delivery.
## Service
They were designed to serve in the western suburbs of Paris. In 1930, the engines were equipped with for push-pull operation. The driver could operate the engine from the driving cabin of a Voiture État à 2 étages carriage at the other end of the train, using compressed-air pipes. This saved much time at terminals. The engines were modified, primarily with the addition of a smoke deflector and a closed cab. The 42-000s were renumbered 3-141.TC 1 to 20 by the SNCF in 1938.
The electrification of the Réseau Saint-Lazare moved the engines to Brittany. The last of the series were allocated to the St-Brieux depot and rented to the *Société générale de chemins de fer et de transport automobile* (CFTA) after Réseau Breton lines between Carhaix and Paimpol had been re-gauged from metre gauge to standard gauge. The last 141.TC was withdrawn in 1971.
## Preservation
One locomotive has been preserved: 42-019, later SNCF 3-141.TC.19 (Fives-Lille 4328 of 1923) is preserved by AJECTA at the *Musée vivant du chemin de fer* in Longueville, Seine-et-Marne, and has been designated a *Monument historique*.
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7,124,104 |
Mark Goldberg (football manager)
|
**Mark Goldberg** is an English entrepreneur and football club chairman and manager.
## Business
Mark Goldberg started out in the recruitment industry in 1984. Between 1992 and 1998 he built one of the UK\'s fastest growing IT contracting companies which doubled its turnover for five consecutive years resulting in a public flotation in 1996 at a market value capitalization of £36m as MSB INTERNATIONAL PLC. Goldberg sold a majority of his shareholding in 1998 at market cap of £200m. With this money and a further credit from the previous owner Ron Noades he bought in 1998 the Premier League club Crystal Palace - Goldberg\'s plans for the club to go onto the London Stock Market did not materialise and due to lack of financial assistance he was declared bankrupt in 2000.
## Football
### Playing career {#playing_career}
As a player, Goldberg played for non-League clubs Bromley and Beckenham Town, where he was player-manager while still in his 20s.
He also played football for two seasons in the United States, from 1982 to 1983, at the College of William and Mary, after being recruited by its head coach, Al Albert.
### Crystal Palace {#crystal_palace}
Goldberg became owner and chairman of Crystal Palace Football Club in June 1998. Goldberg was unable to raise sufficient funds to achieve his plan for the club, ultimately resulting in the club being forced into administration and leading to his personal bankruptcy.
Goldberg had purchased the club from long-serving chairman Ron Noades, but Palace ended up relegated from the FA Premier League that season -- for the third time in six years. The takeover deal also saw Italian Serie A side Juventus have a 10% stake in Palace, with a view to Juventus players being loaned or sold to the club. Goldberg also set a target into turning Palace into a leading European club by 2003.
At the end of the 1997--98 season, Goldberg appointed Terry Venables as head coach for the following season and former manager Steve Coppell became Director of football. The club was not successful under his chairmanship and in January 1999 it was taken over by administrators who counted £22 million of debts, including £2m owed to Terry Venables and £7m to banks, the remainder to football clubs, players and HMRC. The club also failed to reach the standards set when Goldberg took over, with their financial crisis not being solved until a takeover by Simon Jordan was completed more than a year later, and a return to the Premier League was not achieved until 2004.
### Bromley
Goldberg was player manager for a short period in 1988. He re-joined Bromley FC as first team manager in 2005, Appointed by his brother-in-law and Bromley chairman, Jerry Dolke, Goldberg replaced incumbent manager George Wakeling and his management team.
Goldberg\'s start in management was successful, leading Bromley to promotion into the Conference South division via the play-offs. His first pre-season included a tie against the youth team of Crystal Palace and his competitive start was good, with Bromley topping the Premier Division after his first eleven games and reaching the first round of the FA Cup before losing 4--1 to League One side Gillingham.
Goldberg left Bromley during the 2007--08 season, to be succeeded by Simon Osborn, but returned to the club at the end of the season. In April 2009, Goldberg suffered serious damage to his knee ligament while playing for Bromley Veterans in an Isthmian Veterans Cup semi-final.
Goldberg guided the club to promotion from the Ryman Premier Division during his first season after winning the Play Off Final against Billericay FC.
During his term, Goldberg guided the club to win 3 trophies amongst the Kent and London Senior Cup competitions as well as leading the club to reach the FA Cup first round, during 5 out of his 8 seasons as manager.
Goldberg agreed to step down as manager on 4 February 2016.
### Welling United {#welling_united}
Goldberg became manager of Welling United in April 2016. He left the position in November 2016.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Goldberg\'s son, Bradley, is a semi-professional footballer.
## Honours
### Club
Bromley
- Conference South: 2014--15
- Isthmian League playoff winners: 2006--07
- Kent Senior Cup (2): 2005--06, 2006--07
- London Senior Cup: 2012--13
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7,124,118 |
Pennsylvania Route 68
|
**Pennsylvania Route 68** (**PA 68**) is a 90.036 mi east--west state highway located in western Pennsylvania in the United States. The western terminus of the route is at the Ohio state line west of Glasgow, where PA 68 continues into Ohio as State Route 39 (SR 39). The eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 322 (US 322) in Clarion. The route runs southwest-northeast across Beaver, Butler, Armstrong, and Clarion counties. PA 68 follows the Ohio River between the Ohio border and Beaver, where it crosses the Beaver River into Rochester and heads northeast away from the Ohio River. The route runs through rural areas to Butler County, where it intersects Interstate 79 (I-79) in Zelienople before serving Evans City and Butler. PA 68 passes through a section of Armstrong County before crossing the Allegheny River into Clarion County. Here, the route passes through Rimersburg and Sligo before having an interchange with I-80 and continuing to its terminus in Clarion.
PA 68 was originally designated in 1927 to run from the Ohio border northeast to Clarion before continuing to US 6/US 120 in Kane. The route was extended northwest to PA 59 in Kinzua in 1935. The full length of the route was paved by 1940. The northern terminus was again moved to Kane in 1961, with PA 321 replacing most of the route north of there and the former northern terminus was inundated by the Allegheny Reservoir. The north end of PA 68 was cut back to its current location in 1970, with the road between Clarion and Kane becoming part of PA 66.
## Route description {#route_description}
### Beaver County {#beaver_county}
PA 68 begins at the Ohio border in the borough of Ohioville in Beaver County, where the road continues west into that state as SR 39. From the state line, the route heads east-northeast on two-lane undivided Midland Road, passing between wooded areas to the north and Norfolk Southern\'s Cleveland Line to the south with industrial areas and the Ohio River farther south. The road crosses the Little Beaver Creek into the borough of Glasgow and passes north of residential areas. PA 68 heads back into Ohioville and runs east through forested areas immediately to the north of the railroad tracks and the Ohio River. The road curves east-southeast and enters the borough of Midland, becoming Midland Avenue and passing homes. The route comes to an intersection with PA 168, where that route turns southeast to form a concurrency with PA 68, running through residential areas before heading through the commercial downtown of Midland. The road heads into industrial areas and becomes Midland Beaver Road, with PA 168 splitting to the south at an interchange to cross the Ohio River on the Shippingport Bridge.
Past this, PA 68 continues northeast through more forests with the Norfolk Southern line and the river to the southeast. The road heads into the borough of Industry, heading farther from the railroad line and the Ohio River. The route curves east past more homes, crossing over the Norfolk Southern line as it continues into more wooded areas. PA 68 turns northeast and runs between the railroad tracks to the northwest and the Ohio River to the southeast, crossing into Vanport Township and entering industrial areas as State Street. The road passes over the railroad tracks and runs past more commercial establishments before widening into a four-lane divided highway and coming to an interchange with I-376. After this interchange, the route becomes a two-lane undivided road again and continues through residential areas with some businesses. PA 68 becomes the border between Vanport Township to the north and the borough of Beaver to the south, where the name becomes 3rd Street. The road fully enters Beaver and runs through the commercial downtown. The route heads past homes before passing under CSX\'s Pittsburgh Subdivision railroad line and crossing into the borough of Bridgewater, where it reaches an interchange with PA 51. At this point, PA 68 heads east to form a concurrency with PA 51 on a four-lane divided highway, crossing the Beaver River into the borough of Rochester.
Here, the road passes over Norfolk Southern\'s Fort Wayne Line and comes to an interchange with PA 65, at which point PA 51 heads east along with PA 65. Here, PA 68 splits from PA 51 and heads onto two-lane undivided Adams Street, coming to a traffic circle with PA 18, which heads south and crosses the Ohio River on the Rochester--Monaca Bridge. The route continues through residential areas with some businesses. PA 68 turns northwest onto Virginia Avenue and passes more homes, becoming the border between Rochester to the west and Rochester Township to the east. The road fully enters Rochester Township and passes through North Rochester before turning northeast and becoming Sunflower Road. The route curves east and enters Daugherty Township, winding northeast through more rural areas of homes. PA 68 runs through more rural residential areas with some fields and woods, turning east before heading southeast into New Sewickley Township. The road reaches the community of Sunflower, turning northeast to run through more wooded areas with some farms and homes. The route passes through Unionville before passing under I-76 (Pennsylvania Turnpike) and intersecting the northern terminus of PA 989. PA 68 winds northeast through more farmland and woodland with some residences, crossing into Marion Township.
### Butler County {#butler_county}
PA 68 enters the borough of Zelienople in Butler County and becomes West Beaver Street, heading into residential areas. The road curves east and reaches an intersection with US 19, where PA 68 turns north to join that route on South Main Street, passing through the commercial downtown. The road intersects the eastern terminus of PA 288, where it becomes North Main Street, before PA 68 splits from US 19 by heading east on East Grandview Avenue. The route runs past homes, crossing into the borough of Harmony and becoming Evans City Road. PA 68 heads through residential and commercial areas a short distance to the south of Connoquenessing Creek and the P&W Subdivision railroad line, which is owned by CSX and operated by the Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad. The roadway crosses into Jackson Township and becoming a four-lane divided highway as it comes to an interchange with access to and from the southbound direction of I-79. The road becomes two lanes and undivided again as it continues southeast into wooded areas with some development, passing through Eidenau and Harmony Junction. The route continues to the southwest of the railroad tracks and Breakneck Creek, reaching an intersection with PA 528.
Here, PA 528 turns southeast to form a concurrency with PA 68. The road passes through woods before heading into the borough of Evans City, where it becomes West Main Street and runs past homes and businesses. The two routes curve to the east and cross the P&W Subdivision line and the Breakneck Creek into the commercial downtown of Evans City, becoming East Main Street. PA 528 splits from PA 68 by turning north onto Franklin Street and PA 68 passes more residences, turning to the northeast. The road enters Forward Township and becomes Evans City Road again, running through farmland and woodland with some residential and commercial buildings. The route passes over Connoquenessing Creek and the Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad\'s B&P Main Line Subdivision line, heading through woodland and turning north. PA 68 heads into farmland with some woods and residences, crossing into the borough of Connoquenessing, where it passes to the east of the residential center of town. The road heads into Connoquenessing Township and curves northeast, running through more agricultural and wooded areas with a few homes. The route passes through increasing areas of residential and commercial development, heading north of Butler Farm Show Airport before continuing into Butler Township. Here, PA 68 curves east and heads past more areas of housing, coming to an intersection with PA 356.
Here, PA 68 heads southeast along with PA 356 on New Castle Road, a three-lane road with a center left-turn lane that runs through wooded areas and commercial development. The road enters the city of Butler and becomes New Castle Street, running through residential areas with some businesses. PA 68/PA 356 heads east onto West Cunningham Street before splitting into a one-way pair, with eastbound PA 68/southbound PA 356 following West Cunningham Street and westbound PA 68/northbound PA 356 following West Jefferson Street. The two routes head into the commercial downtown of Butler, coming to an intersection with PA 8 at which point PA 356 splits from PA 68 by heading south along that route. The one-way pair carrying PA 68 becomes East Cunningham Street eastbound and East Jefferson Street westbound, with eastbound PA 68 turning north onto South McKean Street to rejoin westbound PA 68 on two-way East Jefferson Street. The road heads east through commercial areas with some homes, turning northeast into residential areas as it becomes the border between Butler to the northwest and Butler Township to the southeast. The route fully enters Butler Township again as it passes near Butler Memorial Hospital before coming to a bridge that carries the route over the Canadian National\'s Bessemer Subdivision railroad line, a Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad line, and Connoquenessing Creek, crossing into Summit Township. PA 68 comes to an interchange with the US 422 freeway, where it also intersects the southern terminus of PA 38; here, the road is a four-lane divided highway. Past this, the road becomes two lanes and undivided, with the name becoming Chicora Road as it enters wooded areas with some homes. The route heads into a mix of farms and woods with some residences as it crosses into Oakland Township. PA 68 winds northeast through more wooded areas with some homes, passing through Woodbine. The road runs through more farmland and woodland with scattered residences, heading through North Oakland. The route crosses into Donegal Township and turns north, at which point it begins to run to the west of the Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad\'s Northern Subdivision line. PA 68 curves northeast and east, heading into the borough of Chicora and crossing under the railroad tracks. The road curves northeast and becomes South Main Street, passing homes before becoming North Main Street in the center of town, where it passes a few businesses. After running past more residences, the route curves northeast and crosses into Fairview Township, becoming Chicora Road again and winding through agricultural and wooded areas with some homes. The road turns east and crosses PA 268 in Kepples Corners.
### Armstrong and Clarion counties {#armstrong_and_clarion_counties}
PA 68 heads into Bradys Bend Township in Armstrong County and becomes an unnamed road, heading through forested areas with some homes, passing through Kaylor. The road turns east before a curve to the north, coming to the residential community of Brady\'s Bend. Past this, the route turns southeast through more forests.
PA 68 crosses the Allegheny River into the borough of East Brady in Clarion County, becoming Bridge Street. The route turns southwest onto Kellys Way and passes homes with some businesses. PA 68 turns southeast onto 3rd Street and runs through residential areas before curving east as Simpson Road and heading through wooded areas. The road enters Brady Township and runs northeast through more woodland with some fields and homes. The route continues into Madison Township and runs through more rural areas, passing through New Athens and Maple Grove. PA 68 heads into the borough of Rimersburg and becomes Main Street, passing homes. The road intersects the western terminus of PA 861, where it becomes the border between Rimersburg to the west and Toby Township to the east before fully entering Toby Township and passing through Rimersburg Station.
The route becomes unnamed as it passes through wooded areas with some farm fields and homes, heading to the north. PA 68 briefly heads through Piney Township before entering the borough of Sligo and passing homes on Colerain Street. The route intersects the eastern terminus of PA 58 and turns east onto Front Street, running past more residences. The road heads back into Piney Township and becomes unnamed, continuing through agricultural areas with some woods and homes, turning northeast into Monroe Township. The route runs through more farmland and woodland with some residences, turning north and heading through Reidsburg, where it crosses an abandoned railroad line and Piney Creek. PA 68 runs north through more rural areas before passing through Williamsburg and becoming a four-lane divided highway as it reaches an interchange with I-80/PA 66. Past this, the road heads through business areas and passes east of the Clarion Mall before becoming undivided and heading into wooded areas with some homes in Clarion Township as South 5th Avenue. PA 68 enters the borough of Clarion and runs north-northeast past more residences before ending at US 322 in the commercial downtown.
## History
When Pennsylvania first legislated routes in 1911, what would become PA 68 was designated as Legislative Route 243 between the Ohio border and Rochester, Legislative Route 78 between Rochester and Butler, Legislative Route 214 between Butler and Clarion, and Legislative Route 98 in a portion of Forest County. PA 68 was designated in 1927 to run from the Ohio border in Beaver County northeast to US 6/US 119/US 120/PA 6/PA 7 in Kane, running along its current routing to Clarion before continuing to Kane. At this time, the entire route was paved between the Ohio border and Clarion except for a portion between Rimersburg and Sligo. Between Clarion and Kane, the entire route was unpaved except for a portion near Marienville and to the southwest of Kane. A year later, the route between Rimersburg and Sligo was paved. By 1930, PA 68 paved between US 322 northwest of Clarion and Paint Mills, Arthurs and Snydersburg, and around Leeper while the state highway was under construction between Paint Mills and Arthurs, Snydersburg and southwest of Leeper, and the Clarion/Forest county line and Roses.
In the 1930s, the entire length of the route between Clarion and Kane was paved. PA 68 was extended northwest from Kane along a paved road to PA 59 in Kinzua in 1935. In 1961, the Pennsylvania Department of Highways approved moving the northern terminus of PA 68 to US 6 in Kane, with PA 321 replacing much of the route north of Kane. The former northern terminus at PA 59 in Kinzua was inundated with the creation of the Allegheny Reservoir. In 1970, the north end of PA 68 was cut back to its current location at US 322 in Clarion, with the route between US 322 northwest of Clarion and US 6 in Kane replaced by a rerouted PA 66. This change was made to keep truck traffic away from the Toby Bridge, which had a 15-ton weight limit and collapsed from an incident with a truck in 1969. Northbound trucks were instead directed to follow I-80 and PA 66 to avoid the bridge along the former PA 68 alignment.
## Major intersections {#major_intersections}
## PA 68 Truck {#pa_68_truck}
**Pennsylvania Route 68 Truck** is a connector truck route that directs motorists to PA 68 while avoiding PA 989. Trucks are advised to follow Big Knob Road to avoid a 10 ton weight limit on PA 989 north of this intersection.
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7,124,119 |
Harold I. Pratt
|
**Harold Irving Pratt** (February 1, 1877 -- May 29, 1939) was an American oil industrialist and philanthropist. A director of Standard Oil of New Jersey, he also served on the Council of Foreign Relations from 1923 to 1939.
## Early life {#early_life}
He was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of oil industrialist Charles Pratt and Mary Helen Richardson. His brothers were Frederic B. Pratt, George Dupont Pratt, Herbert L. Pratt, and John Teele Pratt; he was half-brother to Charles Millard Pratt.
Harold Pratt graduated from Amherst College.
## Career
Pratt became a director of Standard Oil of New Jersey, now ExxonMobil. Deeply interested in foreign affairs and issues dealing with global oil trade, he was a member of the Council on Foreign Relations from 1923 to 1939.
In terms of community activities, Pratt was president of the board of trustees of Brooklyn Hospital. His father Charles Pratt had founded the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn shortly before his death and Harold Pratt served as treasurer of the university while one of his brothers Frederic Pratt served as president.
## Legacy and honors {#legacy_and_honors}
In 1900, Pratt donated a new natatorium (swimming pool complex) to Amherst College.
Welwyn, the family mansion designed by Delano & Aldrich, was built in 1913 at Glen Cove, Long Island. The estate\'s 204 acre of grounds, called Welwyn Preserve, are currently owned by Nassau County and operated as a public preserve. The Holocaust Museum and Tolerance Center is currently located in the main house.
Pratt\'s son, Harold Irving Pratt Jr., had his portrait painted by the artist John Singer Sargent in 1924, when he was 20 years old. This artwork is now in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
In World War II, a Liberty ship, number 3044, the *Harold I. Pratt*, was named in the senior man\'s honor.
In 1944, his widow, Harriet Barnes Pratt, donated the family\'s four-story mansion on the corner of 68th Street and Park Avenue, on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, to the Council on Foreign Relations for use as its new headquarters. Named the Harold Pratt House, this continues to serve as the center for the CFR. The limestone-clad building was designed by Delano & Aldrich in the Beaux Arts style.
## Personal life and death {#personal_life_and_death}
Pratt married Harriet Barnes (1879--1969), a wealthy New York philanthropist, collector of Americana, and horticulturist. His son was Harold Irving Pratt, Jr. (1904--1975).
Pratt died at Glen Cove of pneumonia, on May 29, 1939.
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Pennsylvania Route 69
|
**Pennsylvania Route 69** (**PA 69**) is a state highway in Warren County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The state highway runs 14.313 mi from U.S. Route 62 (US 62) in Conewango Township near Warren north to the New York state line in Sugar Grove Township, where the highway continues north as County Route 69 (CR 69) in Chautauqua County. PA 69 connects Warren, Sugar Grove, and the Chautauqua Lake area.
## Route description {#route_description}
PA 69 begins at an intersection with US 62 (Market Street Extension) in the unincorporated community of North Warren in Conewango Township. The state highway heads northwest as Jackson Run Road, a two-lane highway passing through a forested area with scattered residences. PA 69 parallels Jackson Run, which empties into Conewango Creek, and crosses it a few times while passing through a narrow valley between Dutch Hill to the north and Yankee Bush Hill to the south. The state highway briefly passes through Farmington Township before entering Sugar Grove Township. PA 69 passes through the unincorporated community of Chandlers Valley and by a pair of ponds at the headwaters of Jackson Run before meeting the eastern terminus of PA 27 (Matthews Run Road). PA 69 continues north to the borough of Sugar Grove. The state highway intersects PA 957 (Main Street) and turns east to join the highway in a short concurrency to cross Stillwater Creek. PA 957 continues east as Race Street while PA 69 turns north onto Forest Street. Upon leaving the borough, PA 69\'s name changes to Big Tree Road for the short distance to the highway\'s northern terminus at the New York state line. The roadway continues north as CR 69 in Chautauqua County.
## Major intersections {#major_intersections}
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7,124,165 |
Ricardo Domeneck
|
**Ricardo Domeneck** (born July 4, 1977) is a contemporary Brazilian poet, visual artist and critic. Currently, the poet lives and works in Berlin, Germany.
## Writing
Ricardo Domeneck has published four books of poetry and two chapbooks to date. His first collection of poems, entitled *Carta aos anfíbios* (Letter to amphibians), was published in Rio de Janeiro in 2005, released by a small publishing house.
His second book, *a cadela sem Logos* (the bitch without Logos), followed in 2007, this time with a major Brazilian publisher, Cosac Naify, which would also release in 2009 his third collection, *Sons: Arranjo: Garganta* (Sounds: Composition: Throat). His last book is titled *Cigarros na cama* (Cigarettes in bed), published in 2011.
In English, his poems have been included in anthologies of contemporary Brazilian poetry and he has also collaborated with poetry magazines such as *Green Integer Review*, edited by contemporary American poet Douglas Messerli. His texts have been translated into Spanish, Catalan, French, German, Slovenian and Arabic. Ricardo Domeneck is one of the editors of the online magazines Hilda and Modo de Usar & Co., and has conducted video interviews for other online magazines with artists and musicians such as Bat for Lashes, Ellen Allien, Heinz Peter Knes and Walter Pfeiffer, among others.
## Video and performance {#video_and_performance}
In 2006, invited by the Brazilian television network known as TV Cultura, Ricardo Domeneck produced his first two videos. Since then, his work has ranged from writing to the vocal performance of texts merged with video. In Berlin, Ricardo Domeneck would begin a research of the poetics of performance and sound poetry of the Dada movement, also translating poets Hans Arp and Pierre Albert-Birot and poet-performers from the Wiener Gruppe (H. C. Artmann, Konrad Bayer, Gerhard Rühm, etc.) into Portuguese.
The same year he produced his first video, Domeneck started performing in experimental poetry festivals of cities such as Buenos Aires, Madrid, Barcelona and Brussels, including performances museums such as the Espai d´Art Contemporani in Castelló and the Museo Reina Sofía in Madrid. The poet is also the co-founder of a collective of artists based in Berlin, which organizes weekly performances and live acts at the club Neue Berliner Initiative, including artists, musicians and bands such as Kevin Blechdom, Wolfgang Müller of Die Tödliche Doris, JD Samson and Johanna Fateman of Le Tigre, Mystery Jets, Stereo Total, Mount Sims, Shunda K of Yo Majesty, Bruce LaBruce and Angie Reed, among others.
The collective is also responsible for the independent label Kute Bash Records, which has released the London-based multimedia duo Tetine. In video art, his interventions have been shown from nightclubs and galleries in Europe to the public television in Brazil. In both his writing and videos, Ricardo Domeneck concentrates on his own body as fixed set of materials.
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7,124,172 |
Robert W. Pritchard
|
**Robert W. Pritchard** (born February 2, 1945) is a Republican politician who serves on the Northern Illinois University Board of Trustees. He was previously a member of the Illinois House of Representatives, representing the 70th district from December 2003 until July 2018. The 70th district included parts of DeKalb County, Kane and Boone counties.
## Early life, education and career {#early_life_education_and_career}
Pritchard was born February 2, 1945, in Aurora, Illinois. He grew up on a farm near Hinckley, Illinois. Pritchard majored in communications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and earned both a bachelor\'s and master\'s degree. His wife, Mary, is an Associate Dean at Northern Illinois University. They have two grown sons.
After graduation, Pritchard returned to work on the family farm, but also began working as a radio and TV broadcaster for local stations. In keeping with his expertise, Pritchard delivered the farming updates and local weather reports. He also worked in various marketing, public relations and community relation roles at DEKALB Genetics Corporation/Monsanto Company and for several universities.
## Political career {#political_career}
Pritchard served on the Hinckley-Big Rock Board of Education and was elected to a leadership position for the DeKalb County Farm Bureau. He was elected to the DeKalb County Board and served as its chairman. In December 2003, Pritchard was appointed to the Illinois House of Representatives after the passing of David A. Wirsing. He was active in such issues as early childhood and education, health care, conservation, the environment, job creation, and protecting the manufacturing industry. He serves as Republican spokesman on the State Government Administration Committee and is co-chair of the Legislative Education Caucus, which he helped form. He announced his retirement from the Illinois General Assembly. He resigned from the Illinois House of Representatives on July 1, 2018, to accept an appointment to the Northern Illinois University Board of Trustees.
During the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries, Pritchard endorsed the presidential campaign of Rudy Giuliani.
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7,124,174 |
Naters
|
**Naters** is a municipality in the district of Brig in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Birgisch and Mund merged into the municipality of Naters, which also includes the villages of **Hegdorn**, **Geimen**, **Mehlbaum**, **Rischinen** and **Blatten bei Naters**.
## History
Naters is first mentioned in 1018 as *Nares*.
## Geography
Naters has an area, `{{as of|2011|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}, of 101.3 km2. Of this area, 16.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 9.0% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.8% is settled (buildings or roads) and 72.7% is unproductive land.
The municipality is located in the Brig district, on the right bank of the Rhone river on the gently sloping alluvial country around the Kelchbach. It covers the entire Natischer mountain between Kelchbach and the Mass. It consists of the villages of Naters, Hegdorn, Geimen, Mehlbaum, Rischinen and Blatten, and the mountain village and ski resort of Belalp.
## Coat of arms {#coat_of_arms}
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is *Gules, between two Crosiers Or in saltire in chief a Mitre of the same.*
## Demographics
Naters has a population (`{{as of|{{Swiss populations YM|CH-VS}}|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}) of `{{Swiss populations|CH-VS|6007}}`{=mediawiki}.`{{Swiss populations ref|CH-VS}}`{=mediawiki} `{{as of|2008}}`{=mediawiki}, 11.9% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999--2009) the population has changed at a rate of 6.9%. It has changed at a rate of 5.7% due to migration and at a rate of -0.1% due to births and deaths.
Most of the population (`{{as of|2000|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}) speaks German (6,902 or 91.8%) as their first language, Italian is the second most common (188 or 2.5%) and Albanian is the third (101 or 1.3%). There are 79 people who speak French and 7 people who speak Romansh.
, the gender distribution of the population was 48.4% male and 51.6% female. The population was made up of 3,403 Swiss men (42.0% of the population) and 512 (6.3%) non-Swiss men. There were 3,671 Swiss women (45.3%) and 510 (6.3%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality 3,252 or about 43.3% were born in Naters and lived there in 2000. There were 2,579 or 34.3% who were born in the same canton, while 687 or 9.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 796 or 10.6% were born outside of Switzerland. The age distribution of the population (`{{as of|2000|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}) is children and teenagers (0--19 years old) make up 24.1% of the population, while adults (20--64 years old) make up 59.9% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 16%.
, there were 3,026 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 3,774 married individuals, 451 widows or widowers and 264 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 3,020 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.4 persons per household. There were 869 households that consist of only one person and 198 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 3,100 households that answered this question, 28.0% were households made up of just one person and there were 40 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 885 married couples without children, 1,032 married couples with children. There were 147 single parents with a child or children. There were 47 households that were made up of unrelated people and 80 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.
there were 932 single family homes (or 54.9% of the total) out of a total of 1,699 inhabited buildings. There were 546 multi-family buildings (32.1%), along with 120 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (7.1%) and 101 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (5.9%).
, a total of 2,882 apartments (69.1% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 1,049 apartments (25.1%) were seasonally occupied and 242 apartments (5.8%) were empty. `{{as of|2009}}`{=mediawiki}, the construction rate of new housing units was 10.9 new units per 1000 residents.
The historical population is given in the following chart: Colors=
` id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9)`\
` id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8)`
ImageSize = width:1020 height:210 PlotArea = height:150 left:100 bottom:50 right:100 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:7600 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:1500 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:300 start:0 PlotData=
` color:yellowgreen width:40 mark:(line,white) align:center`\
` bar:1798 from:start till:700 text:"ca. 700"`\
` bar:1850 from:start till:763 text:"763"`\
` bar:1860 from:start till:964 text:"964"`\
` bar:1870 from:start till:915 text:"915"`\
` bar:1880 from:start till:1014 text:"1,014"`\
` bar:1888 from:start till:1075 text:"1,075"`\
` bar:1900 from:start till:3953 text:"3,953"`\
` bar:1910 from:start till:2524 text:"2,524"`\
` bar:1920 from:start till:2809 text:"2,809"`\
` bar:1930 from:start till:2876 text:"2,876"`\
` bar:1941 from:start till:3033 text:"3,033"`\
` bar:1950 from:start till:3243 text:"3,243"`\
` bar:1960 from:start till:3797 text:"3,797"`\
` bar:1970 from:start till:5517 text:"5,517"`\
` bar:1980 from:start till:6662 text:"6,662"`\
` bar:1990 from:start till:7252 text:"7,252"`\
` bar:2000 from:start till:7515 text:"7,515"`
## Heritage sites of national significance {#heritage_sites_of_national_significance}
The Ossuary at Beinhausweg and the Church of St. Mauritius are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance. The urbanized village of Naters, the village of Blatten and the entire hamlet of Bodmen are part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.
<File:Beinhaus> Naters.jpg \| Ossuary <File:Kirche> Naters.jpg \| Church of St. Mauritius
## Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 46.41% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (28.69%), the SP (19.11%) and the FDP (4.14%). In the federal election, a total of 3,617 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 59.6%.
In the 2009 Conseil d\'État/Staatsrat election a total of 3,301 votes were cast, of which 296 or about 9.0% were invalid. The voter participation was 54.6%, which is similar to the cantonal average of 54.67%. In the 2007 Swiss Council of States election a total of 3,587 votes were cast, of which 189 or about 5.3% were invalid. The voter participation was 59.6%, which is similar to the cantonal average of 59.88%.
## Economy
`{{as of|2010|alt=In 2010}}`{=mediawiki}, Naters had an unemployment rate of 2.3%. `{{as of|2008}}`{=mediawiki}, there were 142 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 71 businesses involved in this sector. 564 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 59 businesses in this sector. 1,009 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 187 businesses in this sector. There were 3,581 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 40.5% of the workforce.
the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 1,381. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 57, of which 50 were in agriculture and 7 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 536 of which 184 or (34.3%) were in manufacturing, 2 or (0.4%) were in mining and 350 (65.3%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 788. In the tertiary sector; 162 or 20.6% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 30 or 3.8% were in the movement and storage of goods, 176 or 22.3% were in a hotel or restaurant, 35 or 4.4% were the insurance or financial industry, 97 or 12.3% were technical professionals or scientists, 70 or 8.9% were in education and 132 or 16.8% were in health care.
, there were 925 workers who commuted into the municipality and 2,480 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 2.7 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 15.4% of the workforce coming into Naters are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 23.4% used public transportation to get to work, and 41.9% used a private car.
## Religion
From the `{{as of|2000|alt=2000 census}}`{=mediawiki}, 6,525 or 86.8% were Roman Catholic, while 282 or 3.8% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 86 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.14% of the population), there were 2 individuals (or about 0.03% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 86 individuals (or about 1.14% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 233 (or about 3.10% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 10 individuals who were Buddhist, 3 individuals who were Hindu and 5 individuals who belonged to another church. 100 (or about 1.33% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 225 individuals (or about 2.99% of the population) did not answer the question.
## Education
In Naters about 2,860 or (38.1%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 594 or (7.9%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a *Fachhochschule*). Of the 594 who completed tertiary schooling, 70.5% were Swiss men, 20.0% were Swiss women, 5.6% were non-Swiss men and 3.9% were non-Swiss women.
During the 2010-2011 school year there were a total of 762 students in the Naters school system. The education system in the Canton of Valais allows young children to attend one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten. During that school year, there 7 kindergarten classes (KG1 or KG2) and 151 kindergarten students. The canton\'s school system requires students to attend six years of primary school. In Naters there were a total of 25 classes and 536 students in the primary school. The secondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling (orientation classes), followed by three to five years of optional, advanced schools. There were 226 lower secondary students who attended school in Naters. All the upper secondary students attended school in another municipality.
, there were 324 students in Naters who came from another municipality, while 289 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
Naters is home to the *Gemeindebibliothek* (municipal library of Naters). The library has (`{{as of|2008|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}) 17,945 books or other media, and loaned out 47,534 items in the same year. It was open a total of 264 days with average of 16 hours per week during that year.
## Sport
The village is home to FC Naters. The team currently plays in Liga 1., the third highest tier in the Swiss football pyramid.
Professional hockey player Nico Hischier, and his brother Luca, were born and raised in Naters and learned to play the game of hockey in nearby Visp. Nico was a highly rated prospect leading up to the 2017 NHL Draft, where he was selected 1st overall by the New Jersey Devils. He became the first Swiss player in NHL history to be chosen with the first overall pick.
## Notable people {#notable_people}
- Josef Ritler, journalist
- Nico Hischier, hockey player
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,124,182 |
Schweizer's reagent
|
**Schweizer\'s reagent** is a metal ammine complex with the formula \[`{{chem2|[[Copper|Cu]]([[Ammonia|NH3]])4([[Water|H2O]])2]([[Hydroxide|OH]])2}}`{=mediawiki}. This deep-blue compound is used in purifying cellulose. This salt consists of tetraamminediaquacopper(II) cations (`{{chem2|[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2](2+)}}`{=mediawiki}) and hydroxide anions (`{{chem2|OH−}}`{=mediawiki}).
It is prepared by dissolving copper(II) hydroxide in an aqueous solution of ammonia.
It forms an azure solution. Evaporation of these solutions leaves light blue residue of copper hydroxide, reflecting the lability of the copper-ammonia bonding. If conducted under a stream of ammonia, then deep blue needle-like crystals of the tetrammine form. In presence of oxygen, concentrated solutions give rise to nitrites `{{chem2|Cu(NO2)2(NH3)_{''n''}|}}`{=mediawiki}. The nitrite results from oxidation of the ammonia.
## Reactions with cellulose {#reactions_with_cellulose}
Schweizer\'s reagent was once used in production of cellulose products such as rayon and cellophane (see cupro). Cellulose, which is quite insoluble in water (hence its utility as clothing), dissolves in the presence of Schweizer\'s reagent. Using the reagent, cellulose can be extracted from wood pulp, cotton fiber, and other natural cellulose sources. Cellulose precipitates when the solution is acidified. It functions by binding to vicinal diols.
Presently, the reagent is used in the analysis of the molecular weight of cellulose samples.
## History
These properties of Schweizer\'s reagent were discovered by the Swiss chemist Matthias Eduard Schweizer (1818--1860), after whom the reagent is named. The French chemist Louis-Henri Despeissis then proposed a procedure where cellulose is extruded into diluted sulphuric acid. This leads to the complex no longer being stable enough to hold the cellulose in solution and it precipitates out forming strings. These strings were later used in industry to make artificial silk which was called rayon in the US and viscose in the UK. It was also originally used to make cellophane.
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7,124,184 |
Sulfuryl chloride fluoride
|
**Sulfuryl chloride fluoride** is a chemical compound with the formula `{{chem2|SO2ClF|auto=1}}`{=mediawiki}. It is a colorless, easily condensed gas. It is a tetrahedral molecule.
Liquified sulfuryl chloride fluoride is employed as a solvent for highly oxidizing compounds.
## Preparation
The laboratory-scale synthesis begins with the preparation of potassium fluorosulfite:
:
This salt is then chlorinated to give sulfuryl chloride fluoride
:
Further heating (180 °C) of potassium fluorosulfite with the sulfuryl chloride fluoride gives sulfuryl fluoride.
:
Alternatively, sulfuryl chloride fluoride can be prepared without using gases as starting materials by treating sulfuryl chloride with ammonium fluoride or potassium fluoride in trifluoroacetic acid.
:
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7,124,196 |
Ried-Brig
|
**Ried-Brig** is a municipality in the district of Brig in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
## History
Ried-Brig is first mentioned in 1232 as *Riet*. In 1428 it was mentioned as *ried de briga*. Until 1993 it was officially known as *Ried bei Brig*.
## Geography
Ried-Brig has an area, `{{as of|2011|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}, of 47.5 km2. Of this area, 19.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 30.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 2.7% is settled (buildings or roads) and 47.6% is unproductive land.
The municipality is located in the Brig district, above Brig and on the Simplon Pass road.
## Coat of arms {#coat_of_arms}
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is *Argent, issuant from Coupeaux Vert three Pine-trees Vert trunked proper.*
## Demographics
Ried-Brig has a population (`{{as of|{{Swiss populations YM|CH-VS}}|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}) of `{{Swiss populations|CH-VS|6008}}`{=mediawiki}.`{{Swiss populations ref|CH-VS}}`{=mediawiki} `{{as of|2008}}`{=mediawiki}, 6.1% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999--2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 3.4%. It has changed at a rate of 5.3% due to migration and at a rate of 3.8% due to births and deaths.
Most of the population (`{{as of|2000|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}) speaks German (1,519 or 96.0%) as their first language, French is the second most common (21 or 1.3%) and Italian is the third (13 or 0.8%). There is 1 person who speaks Romansh.
, the gender distribution of the population was 50.6% male and 49.4% female. The population was made up of 833 Swiss men (47.5% of the population) and 54 (3.1%) non-Swiss men. There were 818 Swiss women (46.7%) and 48 (2.7%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality 701 or about 44.3% were born in Ried-Brig and lived there in 2000. There were 578 or 36.5% who were born in the same canton, while 192 or 12.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 87 or 5.5% were born outside of Switzerland. The age distribution of the population (`{{as of|2000|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}) is children and teenagers (0--19 years old) make up 29.2% of the population, while adults (20--64 years old) make up 61.1% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 9.7%.
, there were 707 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 778 married individuals, 63 widows or widowers and 34 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 562 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.7 persons per household. There were 121 households that consist of only one person and 64 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 568 households that answered this question, 21.3% were households made up of just one person and there were 7 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 147 married couples without children, 254 married couples with children There were 29 single parents with a child or children. There were 4 households that were made up of unrelated people and 6 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.
there were 294 single family homes (or 67.0% of the total) out of a total of 439 inhabited buildings. There were 114 multi-family buildings (26.0%), along with 12 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (2.7%) and 19 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (4.3%).
, a total of 538 apartments (78.2% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 136 apartments (19.8%) were seasonally occupied and 14 apartments (2.0%) were empty. `{{as of|2009}}`{=mediawiki}, the construction rate of new housing units was 12.5 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, `{{as of|2010|alt=in 2010}}`{=mediawiki}, was 1.67%.
The historical population is given in the following chart: Colors=
` id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9)`\
` id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8)`
ImageSize = width:960 height:210 PlotArea = height:150 left:100 bottom:50 right:100 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:1600 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:300 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:60 start:0 PlotData=
` color:yellowgreen width:40 mark:(line,white) align:center`\
` bar:1850 from:start till:506 text:"506"`\
` bar:1860 from:start till:646 text:"646"`\
` bar:1870 from:start till:607 text:"607"`\
` bar:1880 from:start till:619 text:"619"`\
` bar:1888 from:start till:623 text:"623"`\
` bar:1900 from:start till:700 text:"700"`\
` bar:1910 from:start till:622 text:"622"`\
` bar:1920 from:start till:667 text:"667"`\
` bar:1930 from:start till:760 text:"760"`\
` bar:1941 from:start till:766 text:"766"`\
` bar:1950 from:start till:739 text:"739"`\
` bar:1960 from:start till:768 text:"768"`\
` bar:1970 from:start till:879 text:"879"`\
` bar:1980 from:start till:1168 text:"1,168"`\
` bar:1990 from:start till:1423 text:"1,423"`\
` bar:2000 from:start till:1582 text:"1,582"`
## Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 65.45% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (14.89%), the SVP (13.08%) and the FDP (4.1%). In the federal election, a total of 911 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 65.3%.
In the 2009 Conseil d\'État/Staatsrat election a total of 887 votes were cast, of which 49 or about 5.5% were invalid. The voter participation was 65.3%, which is much more than the cantonal average of 54.67%. In the 2007 Swiss Council of States election a total of 909 votes were cast, of which 25 or about 2.8% were invalid. The voter participation was 65.5%, which is much more than the cantonal average of 59.88%.
## Economy
, Ried-Brig had an unemployment rate of 1.3%. `{{as of|2008}}`{=mediawiki}, there were 73 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 34 businesses involved in this sector. 79 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 18 businesses in this sector. 158 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 43 businesses in this sector. There were 746 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 36.6% of the workforce.
the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 234. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 40, of which 29 were in agriculture and 11 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 70 of which 21 or (30.0%) were in manufacturing and 49 (70.0%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 124. In the tertiary sector; 15 or 12.1% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 13 or 10.5% were in the movement and storage of goods, 30 or 24.2% were in a hotel or restaurant, 1 was in the information industry, 4 or 3.2% were the insurance or financial industry, 3 or 2.4% were technical professionals or scientists, 7 or 5.6% were in education and 38 or 30.6% were in health care.
, there were 75 workers who commuted into the municipality and 598 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 8.0 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 5.3% of the workforce coming into Ried-Brig are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 25.3% used public transportation to get to work, and 59.1% used a private car.
## Religion
From the `{{as of|2000|alt=2000 census}}`{=mediawiki}, 1,391 or 87.9% were Roman Catholic, while 85 or 5.4% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 6 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.38% of the population), and there were 27 individuals (or about 1.71% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 7 (or about 0.44% of the population) who were Islamic. There was 1 person who was Buddhist. 44 (or about 2.78% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 34 individuals (or about 2.15% of the population) did not answer the question.
## Education
In Ried-Brig about 631 or (39.9%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 165 or (10.4%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a *Fachhochschule*). Of the 165 who completed tertiary schooling, 72.1% were Swiss men, 18.2% were Swiss women, 5.5% were non-Swiss men and 4.2% were non-Swiss women.
During the 2010-2011 school year there were a total of 155 students in the Ried-Brig school system. The education system in the Canton of Valais allows young children to attend one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten. During that school year, there 2 kindergarten classes (KG1 or KG2) and 37 kindergarten students. The canton\'s school system requires students to attend six years of primary school. In Ried-Brig there were a total of 8 classes and 155 students in the primary school. The secondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling (orientation classes), followed by three to five years of optional, advanced schools. All the lower secondary students from Ried-Brig attend their school in a neighboring municipality. All the upper secondary students attended school in another municipality.
, there were 8 students in Ried-Brig who came from another municipality, while 149 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,124,203 |
Stars in Fast Cars
|
***Stars in Fast Cars*** is a motoring-themed celebrity game show, in which celebrities compete in \"a series of Wacky Races-esque events to become the fastest star-in-a-car.\" The series was first broadcast on BBC Three, in 2005, and repeated on BBC One in 2006.
Among some of the more notable moments were Car Skittles; a stunt where the guests had to drive on to the back of a moving lorry, before letting them all drive a Ferrari -- with a bathtub of water attached to the back which they were not allowed to spill. They were asked to race in a variety of motor-esque machines, from the aforementioned armchairs to Formula 1 cars.
The final round of each show, between the two top-ranking guests, features the use of the car cannon in attempts to hit various things.
The show originated as a one-off special of the popular BBC Two show, *Top Gear*, and was produced, as were a number of other television specials, in aid of charity Comic Relief for Sport Relief in 2004. It was later turned into a series, presented by Dougie Anderson.
## Episodes and participants {#episodes_and_participants}
: *This list is incomplete (episodes 3-10 are missing). You can help Wikipedia by adding verifiable data to it.*
### Pilot
The *Top Gear* special feature for Sport Relief, first broadcast on 10 July 2004.
The pilot was presented by *Top Gear* presenters Richard Hammond and James May, with Jeremy Clarkson amongst the \"stars\" competing. The special featured a rare appearance on New *Top Gear* from *Fifth Gear*\'s Tiff Needell.
**Results:**
- 1st = : Jodie Kidd
- 1st = : Jeremy Clarkson
- 3rd = : Alan Davies
- 4th = : Jimmy *\"Carrnage\"* (Carr)
- 4th = : Darren Jordon
- 6th = : Patrick Kielty
Celebrity Race Auto Test Car Pin Bowling Current Total Piggy Back Racing Role Racing Team mate Final Total
----------- ------------ ------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------------- ---------- ------------------ --------------------------------
Clarkson 1st (6pts) 3rd (4pts) 3 of 6 (3pts) 13pts 1st (15pts) Driving The Kidd Joint 1st (28pts)
The Kidd DNF (2pts) 2nd (5pts) 6 of 6 (6pts) 13pts 1st (15pts) Steering Clarkson Joint 1st (28pts) \|- bgcolor=
Dazza 2nd (5pts) 5th (2pts) 5 of 6 (5pts) 12pts 3rd (5pts) Driving Paddy Joint 4th (17pts) \|- bgcolor=
### Episode one {#episode_one}
This episode introduced the regular presenter, Dougie Anderson.
**Competitors:**
- Sarah Cawood
- Jon Culshaw
- Sir Steve Redgrave
- Gina Yashere
This episode recreated stunts from movies, and featured racing in modified armchairs and towing a bath full of water with a Ferrari. The two highest scorers after three rounds used the \"Car Catapult\" to hurl the car of their choice at giant coconuts.
### Episode two {#episode_two}
**Competitors:**
- David Dickinson
- Jenny Frost
- Nina Wadia
- Tommy Walsh
### Other participants {#other_participants}
The following notable people are included amongst those who took part in other episodes: Edwina Currie, Ben Fogle, Charlie Dimmock, Steve Furst, Arabella Weir, Shane Lynch, Jilly Goolden, Ainsley Harriott, Jake Maskall, Nell McAndrew, Leanne Wilson, Reggie Yates, Trevor Nelson, Jennie Bond, Beverley Turner, Shane Lynch, Will Mellor and Rowland Rivron
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,124,205 |
Tommy Traynor (Irish footballer)
|
**Thomas Joseph Traynor** (22 July 1933 -- 20 September 2006) was an Irish footballer who played his entire English professional career for Southampton between 1952 and 1966.
During his 14 years at The Dell he became virtually an institution, and by the end of his career he held the record for appearances for Southampton.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
### Dundalk
Traynor was born in Dundalk and originally was the product of local club St Patricks. He had just turned 17 years of age when he was promoted, on 10 September 1950, from the club\'s reserve and youth squad for a Dublin City Cup trip to Limerick\'s Market\'s Field. Keeping his place for the next two games which were away from home he made his Oriel Park debut on 31 December 1950 in a League of Ireland as a substitute in a game against Sligo Rovers.
He was a member of a high quality Dundalk youth squad that had progressed to the semi-finals of both the FAI and Leinster Minor Cups and included some International and Inter-League players. For the next season, his place was with the reserves until injuries saw him line out in a League game against Sligo in early February, on the weekend before the first round 1952 FAI Cup clash versus St Patrick\'s Athletic. This time there was no going back to the reserves. A superb Cup game secured his place for the remainder of the season, thanks to a merciless sliding tackle and a deceptive turn of speed. A tough tackling, uncompromising defender, by the season\'s end he had in his possession a coveted FAI Cup medal, after Dundalk defeated Cork Athletic in a final replay, an Amateur international Cap against Scotland.
### Southampton
He turned down offers from Chelsea and Manchester City to join Southampton in June 1952; he made his debut on 11 October 1952 away to Brentford making 10 appearances as Saints went on to be relegated from Division 2 at the end of that season.
The following season, in Division 3, he became the club\'s regular left-back and his merciless sliding tackles and deceptive turn of pace stood him in good stead as Saints began the long haul back to Division 2. Although he was not the most athletic player, he had a super football brain and a great left foot.
Tommy won eight Republic of Ireland national football team caps between 1954 and 1964 making his debut against Luxembourg in 1954 [1](http://www.soccerscene.ie/sssenior/matchdetails.php?id=61).
By the time of Southampton\'s promotion season in 1966, age was catching up with him and he only made one appearance in his final season, at home to Preston on 27 November 1965.
In his later years, he became an influential figure at the club, and he was granted a prestigious testimonial against FC Twente.
During his time at The Dell he amassed 487 appearances for the club, scoring eight goals.
## After football {#after_football}
Traynor was a founding member of the Southampton Tyro League in the late 1960s. After retiring at the end of the 1965--66 season, he briefly ran an off-licence and worked in Southampton Docks.
He died in September 2006 at the age of 73 after a short illness.
## Honours
**Dundalk**
- FAI Cup winners: 1952
**Southampton**
- Football League Division 3 champions: 1959--60
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,124,224 |
Pennsylvania Route 74
|
**Pennsylvania Route 74** (**PA 74**) is a 96.4 mi north--south state highway located in central Pennsylvania. The southern terminus of the route is at the Mason--Dixon line southwest of Delta, where the road continues into Maryland as Maryland Route 165 (MD 165). The northern terminus is at PA 75 south of Port Royal.
## Route description {#route_description}
### York County {#york_county}
PA 74 begins at the Maryland border in Peach Bottom Township in York County, where the road continues south into that state as MD 165. From the state line, the route heads north as two-lane undivided Delta Road, passing through fields and woods with commercial development as it bypasses the borough of Delta to the west. The road curves northeast and then north and intersects the eastern terminus of PA 851 and Broad Street at a roundabout. PA 74 continues north through a mix of farmland and woodland with some homes, curving to the northwest and crossing the Muddy Creek into Lower Chanceford Township. The route turns west to remain along Delta Road and curves northwest through more agricultural areas with occasional residences. The road intersects the western terminus of PA 372 before it passes through the communities of Sunnyburn and Kyleville. Farther northwest, PA 74 reaches the community of Airville, where it intersects PA 425 and forms a concurrency with that route. The two routes curve west and pass residences and businesses before PA 425 splits to the southwest. PA 74 continues northwest through farmland with some wooded areas and homes. The route enters Chanceford Township and passes through the community of Collinsville, where it heads near homes before running past farms and a few businesses. The road curves to the west and heads through the community of Brogue as it runs through agricultural areas with some development. PA 74 runs west-northwest through more rural land and passes through the community of Keys before it crosses into Windsor Township. Here, residential development along the route increases as it continues near more farms with some woods, passing through the community of Petersburg and curving to the west.
PA 74 forms the border between Windsor Township to the north and the borough of Red Lion to the south before it fully enters Red Lion and becomes East Broadway, passing through residential areas. The road heads past more homes and a few businesses before it reaches the downtown area of Red Lion and comes to an intersection with PA 24. At this intersection, the route turns southwest and becomes West Broadway, heading past residences and curving to the west. PA 74 leaves Red Lion for York Township and gains a center left-turn lane as it passes businesses, turning northwest and becoming East Main Street. The road narrows to two lanes and passes through residential areas as it enters the borough of Dallastown. The route curves west and runs past homes and some businesses, reaching an intersection with the eastern terminus of PA 214. PA 74 passes through the downtown area of Dallastown, with the name changing to West Main Street after crossing Walnut Street. The road passes more homes and turns to the northwest before it leaves Dallastown for York Township and turns to the west, becoming South Queen Street. The route passes fields to the north and residential areas to the south before it runs past businesses. PA 74 makes a turn to the north-northwest and gains a center left-turn lane, heading through more commercial areas and coming to an intersection with the eastern terminus of PA 182. Following this intersection, the road becomes two lanes again and passes through the community of Spry, running north through residential areas with some businesses. Farther north, the route becomes a three-lane road with a center left-turn lane as it passes more suburban development. PA 74 heads past businesses and becomes a four-lane divided highway as it passes west of the York County School of Technology, turning northwest and coming to a partial cloverleaf interchange with I-83.
Past this interchange, the route continues north-northwest along South Queen Street through more commercial areas. PA 74 turns to the west and becomes three lanes with a center left-turn lane, passing to the south of the WPMT television studios. The road enters Spring Garden Township and runs past a mix of residences and commercial establishments, curving to the northwest. The route enters the city of York and narrows to two lanes, passing through dense residential areas. The road bends to the north and becomes lined with rowhouses and scattered businesses, crossing College Avenue. Farther north, the route reaches PA 462, which is routed along the one-way pair of East Market Street eastbound and East Philadelphia Street westbound. At this point, PA 74 turns west to join PA 462 along the one-way pair, with the northbound direction following westbound PA 462 along East Philadelphia Street and the southbound direction following eastbound PA 462 along East Market Street. Both streets carry two lanes of one-way traffic. The two routes head west into the commercial downtown of York. PA 74/PA 462 intersects I-83 Bus. (George Street) at Continental Square southbound and near the York County Courthouse northbound. Past this intersection, the one-way pair becomes West Philadelphia Street northbound and West Market Street southbound. The routes intersect a York Railway line at Pershing Avenue, where West Market Street becoming three lanes wide with two eastbound lanes carrying PA 74 southbound/PA 462 eastbound and one westbound lane. Following this, PA 74/PA 462 cross the York County Heritage Rail Trail and the Codorus Creek, leaving the downtown area of York. The one-way pair continues through urban residential areas of rowhouses with a few businesses, with West Market Street becoming two-way and two lanes wide. PA 74 splits from PA 462 by heading northwest on two-lane undivided Carlisle Avenue. The route crosses a York Railway line and heads through residential areas before it becomes the border between York to the north and West Manchester Township to the south, passing to the north of the York Fairgrounds.
PA 74 fully enters West Manchester Township and becomes a four-lane divided highway, heading past businesses. The route widens to six lanes and comes to a diamond interchange with the US 30 freeway. Past this interchange, the road narrows to a four-lane divided highway, passing south of the West Manchester Town Center shopping center, before it becomes a two-lane undivided road that runs through wooded residential areas. PA 74 heads into the community of Shiloh, where it lined with a mix of homes and businesses. The route comes to an intersection with the western terminus of PA 238 before it crosses the Little Conewago Creek into Dover Township and heads west past residential and commercial development in the community of Weigelstown. The road curves northwest and passes through more suburban areas, entering the borough of Dover. Here, PA 74 becomes South Main Street and heads past homes and a few businesses, reaching a junction with the western terminus of PA 921. Past this intersection, the route becomes North Main Street and passes through more developed areas of the borough before it crosses back into Dover Township. PA 74 becomes Carlisle Road again and heads through farmland with some residential and commercial development. Farther northwest, the road runs through wooded areas with some homes as it bypasses the community of Mount Royal to the southwest.
The route crosses the Conewago Creek into Warrington Township and runs through a mix of farm fields, woods, and residences to the southwest of Gifford Pinchot State Park. PA 74 reaches the community of Rossville, where it comes to an intersection with the southern terminus of PA 177 and makes a turn southwest to remain along Carlisle Road. The road continues through more rural land with some development before it enters the borough of Wellsville. Here, the route becomes York Street and passes through residential areas with some businesses, making a turn west onto Main Street and heading northwest though more developed areas of the borough. PA 74 leaves Wellsville for Warrington Township again, becoming Carlisle Road and heading west and southwest through farm fields and woods with some homes. The route turns northwest to continue along Carlisle Road and passes through more rural areas, curving west and passing to the north of Kampel Airport. The road crosses into Washington Township and curves northwest, passing through the community of Mount Top and heading back into Warrington Township. PA 74 continues through agricultural areas with some woods and homes, entering Carroll Township. The route heads northwest and reaches an intersection with the northern terminus of PA 194, where it turns north onto South Baltimore Street and passes to the west of Northern High School. The road enters the borough of Dillsburg and becomes lined with homes, curving to the northwest. PA 74 bends north as it passes more homes and heads into the downtown area of Dillsburg, becoming North Baltimore Street upon crossing Harrisburg Street. The route passes more homes before it reaches an intersection with US 15 on the northern edge of Dillsburg. At this point, PA 74 turns northeast for a short concurrency with US 15 on a four-lane divided highway past businesses before it splits north onto two-lane undivided York Road and heads back into Carroll Township. The road runs through farmland a short distance to the east of South Mountain, curving to the northwest.
### Cumberland County {#cumberland_county}
PA 74 enters Monroe Township in Cumberland County and continues west-northwest along York Road through a mix of farmland and woodland with some residences. The route reaches the community of Brandtsville, where it turns north and crosses Norfolk Southern\'s Lurgan Branch railroad line and the Yellow Breeches Creek before curving northwest and winding through farmland. The road heads northwest through open agricultural areas and crosses PA 174 before it enters South Middleton Township. PA 74 continues through farmland with a few homes, crossing the Appalachian Trail, before residential development near the road increases further to the northwest. The route runs through residential and commercial development before it widens to a four-lane divided highway and comes to a partial interchange with I-81, with access to southbound I-81 and access from northbound I-81. Past this interchange, PA 74 narrows back to a two-lane undivided road and passes through more developed areas. The road enters the borough of Carlisle and heads past businesses, passing south of The Point at Carlisle Plaza shopping mall before it comes to an intersection with PA 641. PA 641 provides access to northbound I-81 and from southbound I-81.
At this point, PA 74 heads west for a concurrency with PA 641 along East High Street, a three-lane road with a center left-turn lane that passes businesses. Farther west, the road narrows to two lanes and passes homes before heading into the commercial downtown area of Carlisle. PA 74/PA 641 reach an intersection with US 11 and PA 34 at Hanover Street at the center of town adjacent to the Cumberland County Courthouse, where US 11 turns west to join PA 74/PA 641 on West High Street. The three routes head west through more of the downtown area before passing through the campus of Dickinson College. PA 74 splits from US 11/PA 641 by turning north onto North College Street, running through more of the college campus before crossing Norfolk Southern\'s Shippensburg Secondary railroad line and heading into residential areas. The route turns west onto B Street at a roundabout and northwest onto Waggoners Gap Road as it passes more homes. The road becomes the border between Carlisle to the southwest and North Middleton Township to the northeast before it fully enters North Middleton Township and passes under the Pennsylvania Turnpike (I-76). PA 74 runs north-northwest through farmland with some homes before it curves northwest and crosses the Conodoguinet Creek. The route runs through a mix of farm fields and residential development, heading through the community of Caprivi. Farther northwest, the road comes to an intersection with PA 944. PA 74 passes more farms before it enters forested areas and begins to ascend Blue Mountain, turning northwest and then northeast. The road makes a hairpin turn to the west and crosses into Lower Frankford Township as it reaches the summit of the mountain.
### Perry and Juniata counties {#perry_and_juniata_counties}
At the summit of Blue Mountain, PA 74 enters Spring Township in Perry County and passes through Waggoners Gap, making a sharp turn to the northeast to descend the mountain. The road makes a hairpin turn to the west and then a sharp turn to the north to reach the base of the mountain and head into a mix of farmland and woodland. The route passes through the community of Lebo and continues through rural land, crossing Shermans Creek in the community of Bridgeport. Farther north, PA 74 comes to an intersection with PA 850 in the community of Alinda. Past this intersection, the road runs through agricultural areas and woodland with some homes, heading through the community of Milltown. The route curves to the northwest and passes through more rural areas on a winding alignment, crossing PA 274. Past this intersection, PA 74 enters Tyrone Township and becomes Veterans Way, passing west of West Perry High School before it continues through farmland with some wooded areas. The road crosses into Saville Township and heads north-northwest across forested Limestone Ridge. The route winds north through farm fields and forests with some homes, passing through the community of Erly. The road curves north-northeast and continues through rural land, reaching an intersection with the western terminus of PA 849. At this intersection, PA 74 turns northwest onto Waggoners Gap Road and heads through forests before entering farmland as Veterans Way. The route heads into the community of Ickesburg, where it runs west-northwest past homes and a few businesses and crosses PA 17. From here, PA 74 continues into a mix of farm fields and woods with some homes. The route heads into forested areas and turns north run through Run Gap in Tuscarora Mountain.
PA 74 enters Turbett Township in Juniata County and becomes an unnamed road, turning southwest to ascend Tuscarora Mountain. The road makes a hairpin turn to the northeast and reaches the summit of the mountain. From here, the route turns sharply to the west to begin to descend the mountain. PA 74 makes a hairpin turn to the northeast, a hairpin turn to the west, and a sharp turn to the north to reach the base of the mountain. The route heads into farmland and makes a turn to the east and a turn to the north. PA 74 heads north through agricultural ares with some woodland and reaches its northern terminus at an intersection with PA 75.
## Major intersections {#major_intersections}
## PA 74 Truck {#pa_74_truck}
**Pennsylvania Route 74 Truck** is a truck route bypassing a weight-restricted portion of northbound PA 74 that features many steep grades and sharp turns that are unsafe for larger vehicles. On this section of PA 74, trucks over 15 tons are prohibited between PA 17 and PA 75. The northbound route follows PA 17, US 22, and PA 75. It was signed on February 24, 2025.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,124,227 |
Termen
|
**Termen** is a municipality in the district of Brig in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
## History
Termen is first mentioned in 1201 as *Terman*.
## Geography
Termen has an area, `{{as of|2011|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}, of 18.8 km2. Of this area, 42.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 27.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 3.3% is settled (buildings or roads) and 27.4% is unproductive land.
The municipality is located on a high plateau to the east of Brig. It consists of the village of Termen, the hamlets of Hasel and z\'Matt and the ski resort of Rosswald.
## Coat of arms {#coat_of_arms}
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is *Argent, two Swords Sable in saltire.*
## Demographics
Termen has a population (`{{as of|{{Swiss populations YM|CH-VS}}|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}) of `{{Swiss populations|CH-VS|6010}}`{=mediawiki}.`{{Swiss populations ref|CH-VS}}`{=mediawiki} `{{as of|2008}}`{=mediawiki}, 6.8% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999--2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 5.8%. It has changed at a rate of 2.4% due to migration and at a rate of 1.7% due to births and deaths.
Most of the population (`{{as of|2000|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}) speaks German (743 or 95.1%) as their first language, Albanian is the second most common (11 or 1.4%) and French is the third (10 or 1.3%). There are 3 people who speak Italian and 1 person who speaks Romansh.
, the gender distribution of the population was 50.2% male and 49.8% female. The population was made up of 410 Swiss men (46.9% of the population) and 29 (3.3%) non-Swiss men. There were 408 Swiss women (46.6%) and 28 (3.2%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality 370 or about 47.4% were born in Termen and lived there in 2000. There were 255 or 32.7% who were born in the same canton, while 84 or 10.8% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 62 or 7.9% were born outside of Switzerland.
The age distribution of the population (`{{as of|2000|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}) is children and teenagers (0--19 years old) make up 26.8% of the population, while adults (20--64 years old) make up 59.7% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 13.6%.
, there were 333 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 406 married individuals, 33 widows or widowers and 9 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 284 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.7 persons per household. There were 60 households that consist of only one person and 28 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 289 households that answered this question, 20.8% were households made up of just one person and there were 3 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 74 married couples without children, 133 married couples with children There were 10 single parents with a child or children. There were 4 households that were made up of unrelated people and 5 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.
, there were 241 single family homes (or 60.9% of the total) out of a total of 396 inhabited buildings. There were 123 multi-family buildings (31.1%), along with 16 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (4.0%) and 16 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (4.0%).
, a total of 274 apartments (48.0% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 262 apartments (45.9%) were seasonally occupied and 35 apartments (6.1%) were empty. `{{as of|2009}}`{=mediawiki}, the construction rate of new housing units was 10.3 new units per 1000 residents.
The historical population is given in the following chart: Colors=
` id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9)`\
` id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8)`
ImageSize = width:1020 height:210 PlotArea = height:150 left:100 bottom:50 right:100 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:790 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:200 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:40 start:0 PlotData=
` color:yellowgreen width:40 mark:(line,white) align:center`\
` bar:1798 from:start till:279 text:"279"`\
` bar:1850 from:start till:304 text:"304"`\
` bar:1860 from:start till:384 text:"384"`\
` bar:1870 from:start till:425 text:"425"`\
` bar:1880 from:start till:350 text:"350"`\
` bar:1888 from:start till:410 text:"410"`\
` bar:1900 from:start till:427 text:"427"`\
` bar:1910 from:start till:450 text:"450"`\
` bar:1920 from:start till:468 text:"468"`\
` bar:1930 from:start till:456 text:"456"`\
` bar:1941 from:start till:466 text:"466"`\
` bar:1950 from:start till:437 text:"437"`\
` bar:1960 from:start till:416 text:"416"`\
` bar:1970 from:start till:447 text:"447"`\
` bar:1980 from:start till:533 text:"533"`\
` bar:1990 from:start till:638 text:"638"`\
` bar:2000 from:start till:781 text:"781"`
## Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 66.67% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (15.6%), the SP (12.75%) and the FDP (3.05%). In the federal election, a total of 382 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 61.4%. In the 2009 Conseil d\'État/Staatsrat election a total of 382 votes were cast, of which 27 or about 7.1% were invalid. The voter participation was 59.7%, which is much more than the cantonal average of 54.67%. In the 2007 Swiss Council of States election a total of 382 votes were cast, of which 15 or about 3.9% were invalid. The voter participation was 61.8%, which is similar to the cantonal average of 59.88%.
## Economy
, Termen had an unemployment rate of 0.8%. `{{as of|2008}}`{=mediawiki}, there were 48 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 25 businesses involved in this sector. 10 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 2 businesses in this sector. 38 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 15 businesses in this sector. There were 345 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 36.8% of the workforce.
, the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 56. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 15, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 10 of which 9 or (90.0%) were in manufacturing and 1 was in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 31. In the tertiary sector; 4 or 12.9% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 14 or 45.2% were in a hotel or restaurant, 1 was the insurance or financial industry, 2 or 6.5% were technical professionals or scientists, 5 or 16.1% were in education.
, there were 34 workers who commuted into the municipality and 274 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 8.1 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 17.6% of the workforce coming into Termen are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 21.4% used public transportation to get to work, and 59.4% used a private car.
## Religion
From the `{{as of|2000|alt=2000 census}}`{=mediawiki}, 689 or 88.2% were Roman Catholic, while 38 or 4.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 individual who belongs to the Christian Catholic Church, and there was 1 individual who belongs to another Christian church. There were 28 (or about 3.59% of the population) who were Islamic. 14 (or about 1.79% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 10 individuals (or about 1.28% of the population) did not answer the question.
## Education
In Termen about 315 or (40.3%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 69 or (8.8%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a *Fachhochschule*). Of the 69 who completed tertiary schooling, 75.4% were Swiss men, 13.0% were Swiss women and 7.2% were non-Swiss women.
During the 2010-2011 school year there were a total of 62 students in the Termen school system. The education system in the Canton of Valais allows young children to attend one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten. During that school year, there was one kindergarten class (KG1 or KG2) and 19 kindergarten students. The canton\'s school system requires students to attend six years of primary school. In Termen there were a total of 4 classes and 62 students in the primary school. The secondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling (orientation classes), followed by three to five years of optional, advanced schools. All the lower secondary students from Termen attend their school in a neighboring municipality. All the upper secondary students attended school in another municipality.
, there were 50 students from Termen who attended schools outside the municipality.
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7,124,236 |
Lorenzo Semple Jr.
|
**Lorenzo Elliott Semple III** (March 27, 1923 -- March 28, 2014), known professionally as **Lorenzo Semple Jr.**, was an American writer. He is best known for his work on the television series *Batman*, as well as political thriller films *The Parallax View* (1974) and *Three Days of the Condor* (1975).
## Early life {#early_life}
Semple attended the Brooks School in North Andover, Massachusetts, graduating in 1940. He then attended Yale University, but left in 1941 to join the American Field Service in North Africa during World War II, where his boyish beard earned him the nickname \"the goat\". Aged 19, he was awarded the Médaille militaire and Croix de Guerre for his service as a volunteer ambulance driver with the Free French forces in Libya. Wounded in action at Bir Hakeim, he returned to the United States where he was drafted into the U.S. Army, serving as an intelligence officer in Europe. His time training at Camp Ritchie\'s Military Intelligence Training Center puts him among the ranks of nearly 20,000 Ritchie Boys.
## Career
### Early work {#early_work}
Semple\'s writing career started in 1951, as a short story contributor to magazines such as *The Saturday Evening Post* and *Collier\'s Weekly*. Semple also tried writing for the theatre and had a play produced on Broadway, *Tonight in Samarkand* (1955), a melodrama adapted from the French.
He wrote an episode for *The Alcoa Hour* called \"Archangel Harrison\" (1955).
He wrote another play, *Golden Fleecing*, which was filmed for *Matinee Theatre* in 1958 and premiered on Broadway in 1959.
Semple wrote \"China Boy\" for the TV series *Buckskin* (1958), \"Four Against Three Millions\" and \"Money Go Round\" for *Target* (1958), and \"Epitaph for a Golden Girl\" for *Pursuit* (1958). \"Golden Fleecing\" was bought by MGM and produced under the title *The Honeymoon Machine* (1961), starring Steve McQueen, following which Semple relocated to Hollywood and established himself as a writer for several television shows, including *Kraft Suspense Theatre* (\"Knight\'s Gambit\" 1964), *Breaking Point* (\"Never Trouble Trouble Till Trouble Troubles You\" 1964), *The Rogues* (\"Death of a Fleming \" 1964), *Theatre of Stars* (\"The Fliers\" 1965), *Burke\'s Law* (several episodes).
### *Batman*
While living in Spain in 1965, Semple was approached by producer William Dozier to develop a television series for ABC based on the comic book *Batman*. Semple wrote a pilot which was promptly picked up, and the series based on it put on the air, with popular success. Semple wrote the first four episodes. Semple also served as Executive Story Editor.
At the same time he provided the screenplay for the 1966 *Batman* feature film version.
He also wrote one double episode of the television series *The Green Hornet* called \"Beautiful Dreamer,\" which was broadcast in October 1966.
He co-wrote a TV movie *Thompson\'s Ghost* (1966) and did episodes of *The Rat Patrol* (1966) and wrote \"You\'re Only Young Twice\" for *Vacation Playhouse* (1967).
### Film career {#film_career}
From the late 1960s onwards, Semple concentrated on films. With the success of the *Batman* film, he and director Leslie Martinson re-teamed on *Fathom* (1967), a spy spoof for Raquel Welch.
His script for the critically acclaimed cult film *Pretty Poison* (1968) won the award of the New York Film Critics Circle Awards as best screenplay of its year.
He rewrote Larry Cohen\'s script *Daddy\'s Gone A-Hunting* (1969), and wrote the little-seen *The Sporting Club* (1971). *The Marriage of a Young Stockbroker* (1971) was an attempt to match the success of *The Graduate*.
Semple was one of several writers on the box office hit *Papillon* (1973). He received writing credit on a series of thrillers: *The Super Cops* (1974), *The Parallax View* (1974), *The Drowning Pool* (1975) and *Three Days of the Condor* (1975).
### Dino De Laurentiis {#dino_de_laurentiis}
*Three Days of the Condor* had been produced by Dino De Laurentiis, who hired Semple repeatedly over the next few years. He wrote the popular but critically assailed *King Kong* remake (1976); *Hurricane* (1979), a major box office flop starring Mia Farrow, on which Semple is also credited as Executive Producer; and *Flash Gordon* (1980), again a comic strip derivative, done in a deliberately over-the-top style reminiscent of the \"Batman\" sensibility. As with his *Batman*, serious comic-strip devotees attacked Semple for the allegedly disrespectful approach he took to the printed originals.
After *Never Say Never Again* (1983), a non-Eon Productions film in the *James Bond* series which brought Sean Connery back to the role for the last time, Semple wrote a final comic book adaptation, *Sheena* (1984), based on the comic book *Sheena, Queen of the Jungle*.
He wrote a TV movie, *Rearview Mirror* (1984), and an Imperial war film that was never completed, *The Bengal Lancers!* (1984).
He was credited on *Never Too Young to Die* (1986) and the TV movie *Rapture* (1993).
### Later career {#later_career}
Subsequently, Semple and retired agent and producer Marcia Nasatir reviewed movies on YouTube as the Reel Geezers.
In September 2008, he was hailed by the Writers Guild of America as a Living Legend. In 2010, the American Cinemateque presented a two-night retrospective of his movies in Santa Monica.
In January 2013, author Jon Dambacher dedicated his short novel \"A Strange, Sickly Beauty\" to him.
## Death
Semple died of natural causes on March 28, 2014, at his home in Los Angeles, California, one day after his 91st birthday. He was survived by his wife, three children, including writer Maria Semple, and six grandchildren.
## Filmography
### Screenplays
- *Batman* (1966)
- *Fathom* (1967)
- *Pretty Poison* (1968)
- *Daddy\'s Gone A-Hunting* (with Larry Cohen) (1969)
- *The Sporting Club* (1971)
- *The Marriage of a Young Stockbroker* (1971)
- *Papillon* (with Dalton Trumbo) (1973)
- *The Super Cops* (1974)
- *The Parallax View* (with David Giler) (1974)
- *The Drowning Pool* (1975)
- *Three Days of the Condor* (with David Rayfiel) (1975)
- *King Kong* (1976)
- *Hurricane* (with Tracy Keenan Wynn and Walter Hill) (1977)
- *Flash Gordon* (with Michael Allin) (1980)
- *Never Say Never Again* (1983)
- *Sheena* (with David Newman) (1984)
- *Never Too Young to Die* (with Gil Bettman) (1986)
### Television
- *The Alcoa Hour* (1955)
- *Target* (1958)
- *Pursuit* (1958)
- *The Rogues* (1964)
- *Burke\'s Law* (1964)
- *Batman* (1966)
- *Thompson\'s Ghost* (1966)
- *The Rat Patrol* (1966)
- *The Green Hornet* (1966)
- *Rearview Mirror* (1984)
- *Rapture* (1993)
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7,124,237 |
Deeside Leisure Centre
|
**Deeside Leisure Centre** is a sports centre located in Queensferry, Flintshire. Its facilities include Deeside Ice Rink (an Olympic-sized inline hockey rink), badminton courts, and squash courts.
The ice rink is the National Centre for Ice Sports in Wales and is home to the Deeside Dragons, the [Flintshire Phantoms](http://www.thephantoms.co.uk) and the Deeside Demons ice hockey teams. There has also been a new indoor skate park and gym added to the Leisure Centre. The Centre was the venue for the 1974 Wightman Cup match.
## Administration
The Leisure Centre is run and controlled by Flintshire County Council which also governs similar leisure centres in towns such as Buckley, Mold and Connah\'s Quay. It offers an \'actif\' membership which offers reduced admission prices over standard admission.
## Music Venue {#music_venue}
As well as sports and sporting events, Deeside Leisure Centre has also been used as a venue for music events. Yes, AC/DC, Blondie and the Clash performed there in 1980; Genesis performed at the Centre in 1982; Iron Maiden performed there in 1980; and Bob Marley & The Wailers performed in 1980 as well.
## Deeside Rainbow Hospital {#deeside_rainbow_hospital}
During the 2020-21 COVID-19 pandemic it was converted to the site of the Deeside Rainbow Hospital, and used as a vaccination centre.
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7,124,271 |
Fruit picking
|
**Fruit picking** or **fruit harvesting** is a seasonal activity (paid or recreational) that occurs during harvest time in areas with fruit growing wild or being farmed in orchards. Some farms market \"You-Pick\" for orchards, such as the tradition of Apple and Orange picking in North America, as a form of value-add agritourism.
## Types of fruit {#types_of_fruit}
### Apple picking {#apple_picking}
Apple picking is an activity found at apple farms. Apple orchards may be opened to the public, allowing consumers to pick their own apples or purchase pre-picked apples.
Although this is ultimately a method of purchasing apples, it is often a social activity as well. Apple picking is often a very popular dating ritual in the American Midwest.`{{According to whom|date=October 2021}}`{=mediawiki} Apple orchards catering to a family outing will provide additional activities beyond the picking of apples. Many have petting zoos, restaurants and country shops that sell related products such as home-made jams and jellies. This aspect of the activity is especially popular in the Northeastern United States & Southern Ontario and Southern Québec in Canada.
The apples that fall off the trees are often used to make apple cider. Apple cider is a juice made grinding the apples, then pressing out the juice.
There are several tests that are used to determine apple fruit maturity, and these will be described throughout this article. But before performing any measurement, the first step is to know how to collect a representative fruit sample from the orchard block.
## Workers
Most fruit picking is done by migrant workers, who can be paid relatively low wages. In California, Mexican migrants most frequently do the work. There has been much controversy about replacing workers with automation. It puts many out of work.
In Australia and New Zealand, people engaging in backpacker tourism do a lot of the fruit-picking work while on a working holiday visa. The Australian government encourages people on this visa to do this sort of work for a minimum of three months so they can add another year to their visa. This benefit does not apply to all parts of Australia - one must undertake work in selected post-code areas to become eligible for the extra year.
Monoculture orchards can face particular labor-timetable issues.
## Automation
As labor costs are still quite expensive in fruit picking, robots are being designed that can replace humans for this kind of works. The research is still in full progress, especially as the robots need to be carefully designed so that they do not bruise the fruit while picking. One solution is the use of suction grippers. Citrus fruit robot pickers have thus far been the focus of research and development, but cherry pickers are also being researched.
## Fruit picking in art {#fruit_picking_in_art}
<File:The> Fall of Man by Lukas Cranach.jpg\|Lucas Cranach the Elder, *Paradise* (detail), 1530 <File:Christian> Berentz - Flowers, Fruit with a Woman Picking Grapes - WGA1936.jpg\|Christian Berentz, *Flowers, Fruit with a Woman Picking Grapes*, 1696 <File:William-adolphe> bouguereau the grape picker.jpg\|William-Adolphe Bouguereau, *The grape picker*, 1875 <File:Gauguin> La récolte.jpg\|Paul Gauguin, *La récolte* or *Homme cueillant des fruits*, 1897 <File:Rippl> Fruit-picking Women.jpg\|József Rippl-Rónai, *Fruit-picking Women* (*\'Gyümölcsszedő hölgyek*) <File:August> Macke Obsternte 1913.jpg\|August Macke, *Obsternte*, 1913 <File:Frantisek> Jakub Obsternte.jpg\|František Jakub (Czech, 1875 - 1940), *Obsternte*, by 1950
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7,124,275 |
Zwischbergen
|
**Zwischbergen** is a municipality in the district of Brig in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
## History
### Gondo
The village of Gondo, which is part of Zwischbergen, is located at the southern foot of the Simplon Pass on the Italian border. Although the majority language has been German for a long time, the population is partly of Italian descent. Gondo belonged to the dominion of Novara, until Boniface de Challant, the Bishop of Sion, bought the rights to the village in 1291 from Count de Castello. However, the parish of Gondo first belonged to the diocese of Sion in 1822. For much of the history of the village a school was held in the rectory, but in 1958 a schoolhouse was built.
A new church was built in 1495 in the village. Disagreements over appointing the administrators of the new church in the middle of the 15th Century led to the creation of a municipal corporation and municipal statutes.
Some of the families in Simplon and Gondo became wealthy through freight transport and smuggling over the pass. With their wealth, they became an important part in the political landscape of Valais. Between 1550 and 1897 there were gold mines in the valley. Starting in 1640 a postal riders between Lyon and Milan stopped in Gondo.
In the 18th and 19th Centuries the village was hit by devastating avalanches. On 14 October 2000, a third of the village was destroyed by a landslide that claimed 13 lives and destroyed eight buildings, including the western part of the Stockalper tower, which was built in 1650.
## Geography
Zwischbergen has an area, `{{as of|2011|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}, of 86.1 km2. Of this area, 13.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while 24.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.4% is settled (buildings or roads) and 62.1% is unproductive land.
The village of **Gondo**, on the Simplon Pass road, is located in the municipality.
## Coat of arms {#coat_of_arms}
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is *Per fess Argent, between two Peaks Vert in chief a Sun Or, and Vert a Path Argent.* Since *zwischenbergen* means between mountains, the two mountains on the coat of arms are an example of canting arms.
## Demographics
Zwischbergen has a population (`{{as of|{{Swiss populations YM|CH-VS}}|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}) of `{{Swiss populations|CH-VS|6011}}`{=mediawiki}.`{{Swiss populations ref|CH-VS}}`{=mediawiki} `{{as of|2008}}`{=mediawiki}, 12.6% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999--2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of -35.4%. It has changed at a rate of -24.1% due to migration and at a rate of -11.4% due to births and deaths.
Most of the population (`{{as of|2000|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}) speaks German (69 or 88.5%) as their first language, Italian is the second most common (4 or 5.1%) and Spanish is the third (3 or 3.8%). There is 1 person who speaks French.
, the gender distribution of the population was 58.8% male and 41.2% female. The population was made up of 54 Swiss men (52.9% of the population) and 6 (5.9%) non-Swiss men. There were 40 Swiss women (39.2%) and 2 (2.0%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality 48 or about 61.5% were born in Zwischbergen and lived there in 2000. There were 14 or 17.9% who were born in the same canton, while 7 or 9.0% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 8 or 10.3% were born outside of Switzerland.
The age distribution of the population (`{{as of|2000|lc=on}}`{=mediawiki}) is children and teenagers (0--19 years old) make up 25.6% of the population, while adults (20--64 years old) make up 59% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 15.4%. `{{as of|2000}}`{=mediawiki}, there were 31 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 36 married individuals, 7 widows or widowers and 4 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 31 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.3 persons per household. There were 9 households that consist of only one person and 3 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 33 households that answered this question, 27.3% were households made up of just one person and there was 1 adult who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 8 married couples without children, 8 married couples with children There were 4 single parents with a child or children. There was 1 household that was made up of unrelated people and 2 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.
there were 10 single family homes (or 25.6% of the total) out of a total of 39 inhabited buildings. There were 16 multi-family buildings (41.0%), along with 10 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (25.6%) and 3 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (7.7%).
, a total of 31 apartments (41.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 28 apartments (37.8%) were seasonally occupied and 15 apartments (20.3%) were empty. The vacancy rate for the municipality, `{{as of|2010|alt=in 2010}}`{=mediawiki}, was 2.41%.
The historical population is given in the following chart: Colors=
` id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9)`\
` id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8)`
ImageSize = width:960 height:210 PlotArea = height:150 left:100 bottom:50 right:100 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:250 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:50 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:10 start:0 PlotData=
` color:yellowgreen width:40 mark:(line,white) align:center`\
` bar:1850 from:start till:43 text:"43"`\
` bar:1860 from:start till:104 text:"104"`\
` bar:1870 from:start till:97 text:"97"`\
` bar:1880 from:start till:125 text:"125"`\
` bar:1888 from:start till:122 text:"122"`\
` bar:1900 from:start till:131 text:"131"`\
` bar:1910 from:start till:161 text:"161"`\
` bar:1920 from:start till:136 text:"136"`\
` bar:1930 from:start till:135 text:"135"`\
` bar:1941 from:start till:141 text:"141"`\
` bar:1950 from:start till:249 text:"249"`\
` bar:1960 from:start till:226 text:"226"`\
` bar:1970 from:start till:223 text:"223"`\
` bar:1980 from:start till:171 text:"171"`\
` bar:1990 from:start till:152 text:"152"`\
` bar:2000 from:start till:78 text:"78"`
## Heritage sites of national significance {#heritage_sites_of_national_significance}
The Ruin of the Gold Mine at Gondo is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance.
## Politics
In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the SVP with 70.2% of the votes. The next three most popular parties were the CVP with 28.6%, the PES with 1.0% and the SP with 0.3%. In the federal election, a total of 40 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 64.5%.
In the 2009 Conseil d\'État/Staatsrat election a total of 48 votes were cast, of which 0 were invalid. The voter participation was 68.6%, which is much more than the cantonal average of 54.67%. In the 2007 Swiss Council of States election a total of 52 votes was cast, of which 0 were invalid. The voter participation was 74.3%, which is much more than the cantonal average of 59.88%.
## Economy
, Zwischbergen had an unemployment rate of 0%. `{{as of|2008}}`{=mediawiki}, there were 3 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 1 business involved in this sector. 15 people were employed in the secondary sector and there was 1 business in this sector. 52 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 11 businesses in this sector. There were 32 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 21.9% of the workforce.
the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 60. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 2, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 15 of which or (0.0%) were in manufacturing The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 43. In the tertiary sector; 8 or 18.6% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 10 or 23.3% were in the movement and storage of goods, 9 or 20.9% were in a hotel or restaurant, 1 was the insurance or financial industry.
, there were 64 workers who commuted into the municipality and 16 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 4.0 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 34.4% of the workforce coming into Zwischbergen are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 25% used public transportation to get to work, and 40.6% used a private car.
## Religion
From the `{{as of|2000|alt=2000 census}}`{=mediawiki}, 73 or 93.6% were Roman Catholic, while 1 or 1.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church.
## Education
In Zwischbergen about 31 or (39.7%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and two or (2.6%) have completed traditional higher education (either university or a *\[\[Fachhochschule\]\]*). Of these two, one was a Swiss man, the other was a Swiss woman.
, there were 3 students from Zwischbergen who attended schools outside the municipality.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,124,279 |
List of Spike and Suzy books in English
|
The Spike and Suzy comic books, originally created by Willy Vandersteen have had four print runs in the English language. The first of these was called *Willy and Wanda* and was released in the United States. The second and third were released in the UK, the first being entitled *Bob and Bobette*, and the second *Spike and Suzy*. The fourth is *Luke and Lucy* and was released in Belgium.
## Willy and Wanda {#willy_and_wanda}
Released in 1976 in the United States. The last two are specials released in 1986-88.
- *An Island called Hoboken* (1976)
- *The Zincshrinker* (1976)
- *The King Drinks* (1976)
- *A Fool\'s Gold* (1976)
- *The Tender-Hearted Matador* or *Duck, Lambik, or Your Goose is Cooked* (1976)
- *The Iron Flowerpotters* (1976)
- *The Merry Musketeers* (1976)
- *The Circus Baron* (1976)
- *The Golden Flower* (1976)
- *Dancing Cards* (1983)
- *Sony-San* (1986)
- *The Jewel in the Lotus* (1987)
## Bob and Bobette {#bob_and_bobette}
1. *The Diamond Boomerang* (1989)
2. *The Flying Bed* (1989)
3. *The Texas Rangers* (1989)
4. *The Plunderers* (1989)
5. *The Poisoned Rain* (1990)
6. *Kingdom of the Sea Snails* (1990)
7. *Rhino Rescue* (1990)
8. *The Amazing Coconut* (1990)
The following \'Bob and Bobette\' specials were released on mainland Europe, though they were not released with the Bob and Bobette set.
- *The Stroppy Steward* (2004)
- *The Energetic Rascals* (2005) - a downloadable comic, released for Electrabel
- *The Pretty Clever Professor* (2006) - made for Technopolis.
## Spike and Suzy {#spike_and_suzy}
1. *Sagarmatha* (1998)
2. *The Circle of Power* (1998)
3. *The Secret of the Incas* (1998)
4. *The Fairies of Efteling* (1999)
5. *The Loch Ness Mystery* (2000)
6. *Highland Games* (2001)
## Luke and Lucy {#luke_and_lucy}
- *Luke and Lucy: The Texas Rangers* (film, 2011)
- *The Blood Brother* (2013) - made for Sanquin Blood Supply
- *Auntie Biotica* (2015) - made for Belgian Antibiotic Policy Coordination Committee (BAPCOC)
- *A Beasty Bridge* (2018)- commissioned by the Flemish Department of Environmental and Spatial Development in cooperation with Infra Eco Network Europe in support of the construction of eco-ducts to allow wild animals to cross over highways safely.
- *The Busy Bumblebees* (2024) - Mini comic, 12 pages - celebrating Bee Week, an initiative of the Flemish government.
- *The Fierce Firemakers* (2025) - Mini comic, 12 pages - Global Activity Report 2023-2024 of Vyncke.
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7,124,284 |
Aldo Maldera
|
**Aldo Maldera** (`{{IPA|it|ˈaldo malˈdɛːra}}`{=mediawiki}; 14 October 1953 -- 1 August 2012) was an Italian footballer who played as a full-back or as a wide midfielder on the left flank. A left-footed player, Maldera was a modern full-back who possessed an accurate and powerful shot, which earned him the nickname \"Aldo-gol\", due to his prolific goalscoring ability, despite his more defensive playing role; he was a hard-working team player, who was capable of covering the flank effectively and aiding his team both offensively and defensively. Throughout his career, he was known for his pace, stamina, technique, dribbling, and crossing ability; his speed and galloping offensive runs earned him the nickname \"the horse\".
## Club career {#club_career}
Maldera was born in Milan, and he spent a large part of his career with one of the major local clubs of his city A.C. Milan (1971--1982); with the club, he won a Serie A title in 1979, two Coppa Italia trophies in 1972 and 1977, a Serie B title (earning promotion to Serie A the following season, following Milan\'s involvement in the 1980 Totonero football betting scandal) in 1981, and a Mitropa Cup, during his final season with the club, in 1982, also serving as the club\'s captain. Throughout his career, he also played for Bologna F.C. 1909 (for a half season loan, as a youth, during his time with Milan), local rivals Internazionale, A.S. Roma and A.C.F. Fiorentina.
Maldera won a total two Serie A titles throughout his career, at A.C. Milan and A.S. Roma respectively, both under the tutelage of manager Nils Liedholm. Maldera won his second career league title, with Roma, during the 1982--83 season, after leaving Milan following their relegation to Serie B at the conclusion of the 1981--82 season. Maldera this league victory up with a Coppa Italia with Roma in 1984, also reaching the European Cup final with Roma that season, only to lose out to Liverpool on penalties.
## International career {#international_career}
Maldera made 10 appearances for Italy between 1974 and 1980. He represented his country at the 1978 FIFA World Cup, and at Euro 1980 on home soil, where the Italy national side finished in fourth place on both occasions, reaching the semi-finals. He also made 9 appearances for the Italy reserve, B, side, and 1 appearance with the Italy national U21 side.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Maldera was the third son of a family of Apulian immigrants in Milan. Aldo\'s older brothers Luigi Maldera and Attilio Maldera both played football professionally. To distinguish them, Luigi was referred to as **Maldera I**, Attilio as **Maldera II** and Aldo as **Maldera III**.
## After retirement {#after_retirement}
Following his retirement, he worked as a football agent, and he lived in Rome with his wife. He also worked as member of the A.S. Roma youth system until 2004, and later also as Sport director of Greek club Panionios F.C. with the president Zakiris and A.C. Milan\'s technical director Fabio Martella.
On 1 August 2012, it was announced on the A.S. Roma website that Maldera had died in Rome at the age of 58.
## Honours
**A.C. Milan**
- Serie A: 1978--79
- Serie B: 1980--81
- Coppa Italia: 1976--77
- Mitropa Cup: 1981--82
**Roma**
- Serie A: 1982--83
- Coppa Italia: 1983--84
**Individual**
- Serie A Team of The Year: 1983
- A.C. Milan Hall of Fame
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7,124,287 |
Star General
|
***Star General*** is a computer wargame, last in SSI\'s series of hexagonal-movement games popularized by *Panzer General*. *Star General* bases its story setting on *The Fleet*, a series of books written by David Drake and Bill Fawcett. The game was developed by Catware and SSI in 1996.
## Gameplay
*Star General* pits up to seven alien races against one another in a galactic battle of conquest. The seven races include the deceitful Cephalians, the reptilian Dragonians, the feline Hressa, the Humans, the barbarian Khalians, the insectoid Xritra, and fascist human separatists who belong to the Schleinel Hegemony.
There are 90 different types of units, from ground forces to spaceships. Among the space vessels there are a wide variety of specializations---including mine countermeasure vessels, assault vessels, troop transports, reconnaissance, battleships, missile boats, carriers and destroyers. There is also some use of older terms of reference for classifying warships---terms of reference that are not used in the navies of today. One example is that the term monitor is used to specify a kind of space warship. The general disposition of ship types is an approximation of navies in the era between the two world wars, before carriers became a major part of naval forces. On the planetary surface, there are space docks for launching ships, mines to produce monetary units, factories to manufacture ships, and industrial plants and biodomes to support population, as well as a range of ground forces, again roughly equivalent to military forces in mid to late 1930s to perhaps early WW2.
## Reception
*Star General* sold at least 50,000 units by September 1997 and over 120,000 units by May 1999.
*Computer Gaming World*{{\'}}s Tim Carter panned the game as \"all the flash and little of the gameplay\" of what made the original a classic, but praised the clean interface, simple learning curve, and some fun moments in space fleet actions.
*Star General* was named the 85th best computer game ever by *PC Gamer UK* in 1997.
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7,124,306 |
Giancarlo Berardi
|
**Giancarlo Berardi** (born 15 November 1949) is an Italian comic book writer. Born in Genoa, he is most famous as creator of comics *Ken Parker* (1977) and *Julia* (1998).
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
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Pennsylvania Route 77
|
**Pennsylvania Route 77** (**PA 77**) is a 36 mi east--west state highway located in northwest Pennsylvania. The western terminus of the route is at PA 27 in Meadville. The eastern terminus is at PA 426 in Corry.
## Route description {#route_description}
PA 77 begins at an intersection with PA 27 in the city of Meadville in Crawford County, heading northeast on two-lane undivided Hickory Street. The road passes homes, crossing into West Mead Township and becoming Blooming Valley Road. The route runs through rural residential areas before continuing into a mix of farmland and woodland with some homes, heading into East Mead Township. PA 77 becomes unnamed and runs through more rural areas, passing through a corner of Woodcock Township prior to entering the borough of Blooming Valley. Here, the road becomes State Street and passes a few homes, reaching an intersection with PA 198. The route heads back into agricultural and wooded areas with some residences as it crosses into Richmond Township. PA 77 becomes unnamed and passes through more rural areas, running through New Richmond before forming a brief concurrency with PA 408. The road heads into Athens Township and passes through Little Cooley before crossing Muddy Creek in a wooded area.
The route runs through more farms and woods with a few homes, heading into Bloomfield Township. In this area, PA 77 passes through Riceville and crosses Oil Creek before intersecting PA 8. From here, the road heads through more rural areas and continues into Sparta Township, passing through Britton Run. Farther northeast, the route comes to an intersection with PA 89 and turns north to join that route, heading through more farmland and woodland with a few residences. PA 77 splits from PA 89 by heading east on Main Street, entering the borough of Spartansburg and passing homes and businesses. The route passes south of Clear Lake and turns northeast onto Spring Street, running past more residences. The road heads back into Sparta Township and continues through areas of farm fields and woods with some homes.
PA 77 enters Concord Township in Erie County and turns north as Spartansburg Highway, running through more farmland and woodland with some residences. The road runs through wooded areas with some fields and homes, passing to the west of Corry-Lawrence Airport as it crosses into the city of Corry. Here, the route becomes Union Street and passes through woods, turning east onto West Main Street and passing through industrial and business areas with some homes as it runs a short distance to the south of a Western New York and Pennsylvania Railroad line. PA 77 ends at an intersection with PA 426 in the commercial downtown of Corry, where the road continues east as East Main Street, which is a part of PA 426.
## Major intersections {#major_intersections}
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Relko
|
**Relko** (1960--1982) was a French Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a racing career which lasted from 1962 until 1964 he ran thirteen times and won nine races. His most notable win came in the 1963 Derby.
## Background
Relko was a \"strong, compact, perfectly balanced\" bay horse standing just over 16.1 hands high with a narrow white stripe and three white socks. He was bred by his owner François Dupré at his stud farm in Pont-d\'Ouilly in the Basse-Normandie region. Relko was one of three outstanding colts produced by the broodmare Relance, the others being Match II and Reliance (Prix du Jockey Club). He was sired by the Grand Prix de Saint-Cloud winner Tanerko, a representative of the Teddy sire line. Relko was trained by Chantilly by François Mathet, who had previously handled the 1955 Derby winner Phil Drake.
## Racing career {#racing_career}
### 1962: two-year-old season {#two_year_old_season}
Relko began his racing career by winning the Prix Gladiator over 1100m at Le Tremblay and then won the Prix Isard at Maisons-Laffitte. He was beaten into second place by the filly Neptune\'s Doll when favoured to win the Critérium de Maisons-Laffitte and then finished fourth to Hula Dancer in the Grand Critérium. On his final start of the year Relko finished second in the Prix Thomas Bryon.
### 1963: three-year-old season {#three_year_old_season}
In the spring of 1963, Relko won the Prix de Guiche and the Poule d\'Essai des Poulains at Longchamp and was then aimed at The Derby.
At Epsom on 29 May, Relko was sent off the 5/1 favourite in a field of twenty-six runners. Ridden by the 21-year-old Yves Saint-Martin, Relko tracked the leading group in the early stages before moving up into third place early in the straight. He was moved up to take the lead from Tarqogan three furlongs from the finish and pulled away from the rest of the field to win easily by six lengths from Merchant Venturer and Ragusa. The slow winning time of 2:39.4 was explained by the rain-softened state of the turf.
Relko\'s Derby win was overshadowed for some time because of the revelation by the *Daily Express* that he had failed a drugs test. The incident took place in the context of a series of investigations into the \"doping\" of horses in British races. It was not until October that the Jockey Club confirmed Relko as the winner, stating that the substances detected could not be positively identified and therefore could not be proved to have affected the result. At the end of June, Relko was scheduled to run in the Irish Derby and made 11/8 favourite, but was withdrawn from the race minutes before the start, after appearing to be lame, leading to further suspicions of foul play.
In autumn, Relko returned to the racecourse to record an impressive win in the Prix Royal Oak on 15 September, easily defeating Sanctus, the winner of the Prix du Jockey Club and the Grand Prix de Paris. In the Prix de l\'Arc de Triomphe, Relko became highly agitated before the start and ran poorly, finishing sixth behind Exbury.
### 1964: four-year-old season {#four_year_old_season}
Relko was unbeaten in three starts as a four-year-old. He began by winning the Prix Ganay at Longchamp and then returned to Epsom where he won the Coronation Cup on heavy ground in June. On his final start he won the Grand Prix de Saint-Cloud in July.
## Assessment
In their book *A Century of Champions*, John Randall and Tony Morris rated Relko the fifteenth best French horse of the 20th Century and the second best Derby winner of the 1960s. Timeform gave Relko an end of season rating of 136.
## Stud record {#stud_record}
After winning a number of important races in France and in England, Relko was retired in September 1964 after a fetlock injury. In 1965, he was sent to stand at the Lavington stud in England. Although he was a top-class sire of middle-and-long distance horses, including Relkino, Give Thanks, Olwyn, Floyd and Lanfranco, he had little success as a sire of sires. Of his daughters, My Sierra Leone produced the Champion filly Royal Heroine who won the inaugural running of the Breeders\' Cup Mile in North American record time. Relko died on 30 March 1982 and was buried at the Malthouse Stud in Berkshire.
## Pedigree
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7,124,346 |
British Parachute Association
|
**British Skydiving** is the national governing body for skydiving in the United Kingdom.
## Overview
British Skydiving was founded in 1960 to organise, govern and further the advancement of sport parachuting within the UK.
British Skydiving aims to encourage participation in skydiving within the UK. In 2016 there were nearly 6,000 full members and around 60,000 students, and around 30 affiliated training organisations.
The association is funded by membership subscriptions and has an annually elected council which controls all aspects of skydiving on behalf of the Civil Aviation Authority. Unlike many other sports which suffer from fragmented and divided governing bodies, the British Parachute Association represents most UK skydivers, and most skydivers within the UK are members of the Association.
British Skydiving is constituted as a company limited by guarantee. The association\'s headquarters are at Glen Parva, Leicestershire.
Following the 50th anniversary of British Skydiving, an archive project was established to record and collect the history of the sport in the UK and of the Association.
The association\'s name was changed to British Skydiving on 27 November 2019 to bring awareness of the sport to a greater audience.
## Council
British Skydiving council consists of ten elected members, together with two independent directors from outside the sport. The council is chaired by Mary Barratt.
## Drop zones {#drop_zones}
In 2015 there were 29 affiliated drop zones within British Skydiving. These include:
- Black Knights Parachute Centre -- Cockerham, Lancashire
- British Parachute Schools -- RAF Langar, Nottinghamshire
- Cornish Parachute Centre -- Peranporth, Cornwall
- GoSkydive -- Old Sarum Airfield, Salisbury
- Hinton Skydiving Centre -- Hinton-in-the-Hedges, Northamptonshire
- Joint Services Parachute Centre (Army Parachute Association) -- Netheravon, Wiltshire
- London Parachute School -- Lewknor, Oxfordshire
- North London Skydiving Centre -- Chatteris, Cambridgeshire
- North West Parachute Centre -- Cark, Cumbria
- Paragon Skydiving Club -- Errol, Perth and Kinross
- Skydive Headcorn -- Headcorn Aerodrome, Headcorn, Ashford, Kent
- Services Parachute Centre, Ballykelly, County Londonderry
- Silver Stars Parachute Team (The Royal Logistic Corps) -- South Cerney, Gloucestershire
- Skyhigh Skydiving*(formerly: Peterlee Parachute Centre)* -- Peterlee, Co. Durham
- UK Parachuting at Sibson Airfield (Peterborough Parachute Centre) -- Wansford, Cambridgeshire
- Skydive GB Parachute Club, Bridlington -- Grindale, East Riding of Yorkshire
- Skydive Jersey -- St. Peter, Jersey
- Skydive St Andrews -- Glenrothes, Fife
- Skydive St George -- Darlington, Durham
- Skydive Strathallan -- Strathallan, Perth and Kinross
- Skydive Swansea -- Fairwood, Swansea
- Skydive UK -- Dunkeswell, Devon
- Skydive Weston (Royal Air Force Sport Parachute Association) -- Weston-on-the-Green, Oxfordshire
- Skydive Hibaldstow -- Hibaldstow, North Lincolnshire
- The Parachute Centre -- Tilstock, Shropshire
- UK Parachuting -- Beccles, Suffolk
- Wild Geese Parachute Centre -- Movenis & Killykergan, County Londonderry
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New York State Route 81
|
**New York State Route 81** (**NY 81**) is an east--west state highway in the Capital District of New York in the United States. The western terminus of the route is at an intersection with NY 145 and Potter Hollow Road (unsigned NY 910G) in the hamlet of Cooksburg within the town of Rensselaerville. Its eastern terminus is at a junction with U.S. Route 9W (US 9W) in the town of Coxsackie. East of US 9W, the right-of-way of NY 81 continues southeast to the village of Coxsackie as NY 385. NY 81 intersects NY 32 north of the hamlet of Cairo.
## Route description {#route_description}
NY 81 begins at an intersection with NY 145 and Potter Hollow Road (unsigned NY 910G) in the hamlet of Cooksburg (in the town of Rennselaerville). NY 81 proceeds eastward through Rennselaerville, as a two-lane rural roadway, paralleling and crossing some power lines. After turning to the southeast, NY 81 crosses into the Greene County town of Durham. Entering the hamlet of Oak Hill, the route becomes a two-lane residential street, intersecting with the terminus of County Route 22 (CR 22; Oak Hill Road). After CR 22, NY 81 bends eastward out of Oak Hill, intersecting with the northern terminus of CR 27. Paralleling a nearby creek, CR 67 forks to the southeast, while NY 81 continues on its right-of-way through Durham. NY 81 bends northeastward, intersecting with the northern terminus of CR 75, where it turns eastward into the town of Greenville. In Greenville, NY 81 is the main street, remaining a two-lane residential street. Intersecting with CR 50 (North Road).
NY 81 continues eastward through Greenville, returning to being a rural two-lane highway and entering the hamlet of West Greenville. A short distance eastward, NY 81 enters the hamlet of Greenville, where it doubles as a residential-commercial street, where it crosses NY 32. After NY 32, the route forks to the southeast at an intersection with CR 26, which is quickly connected via CR 26A. Gradually bending eastward through the town of Greenville, NY 81 intersects with the northern terminus of CR 41 (Greenville Center Road). After CR 41, NY 81 bends to the southeast once again, winding past at an intersection with CR 35 (West Road), which terminates there. Making a dart eastward, NY 81 turns to the southeast past the hamlet of Surprise, where the route becomes a rural two-lane roadway once again. Just after Surprise, NY 81 enters the town of Coxsackie, winding southeastward past an intersection with CR 45, entering the hamlet of Earlton. The route remains rural, crossing intersections with CR 51 and CR 9 (Old Plank Road), bending to the northeast. Intersecting with a former alignment of itself, NY 81 turns eastward, intersecting with the eastern terminus of CR 26.
After CR 26, NY 81 crosses over the New York State Thruway (I-87) then parallels another former alignment of itself. Through Coxsackie, NY 81 intersects with US 9W in a small commercial strip. This serves as the eastern terminus of NY 81, which continues eastward as NY 385 (Mansion Street).
## History
NY 81 was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York. It originally began at US 9W in the town of Coxsackie and ended at NY 30 in the village of Middleburgh. Along the way, it intersected NY 145, which ended at NY 81 in the hamlet of Cooksburg. NY 81 was truncated to Cooksburg c. 1938, and its former routing to Middleburgh became an extension of NY 145.
## Major intersections {#major_intersections}
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Bob Kelly (author)
|
**Bob Kelly** (born April 17, 1971, in Massachusetts) best known as an expert on the deployment of the Microsoft Windows operating system.
Kelly was a cryptologic technician in the US Navy from 1989 to 1997, finishing his service as the systems administrator for communications system at the White House during the Clinton administration.
Bob Kelly is a subject-matter expert on Microsoft Windows deployment and Windows Installer technologies. He is the founder of [AppDeploy.com](http://www.AppDeploy.com) -- a resource focused on desktop management products and practices. He is author of the *Start to Finish Guide to Scripting with KiXtart* and *The Definitive Guide to Windows Desktop Administration* as well as several white papers and articles on similar topics. Kelly is also co-founder and president of [iTripoli, Inc.](http://www.itripoli.com)-- a software company focused on producing helpful tools for Windows administrators where he produces and supports applications like [Admin Script Editor](http://www.adminscripteditor.com) (a scripting editor for Windows Administrators).
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7,124,399 |
Suddie
|
**Suddie** is a village on the Essequibo coast, situated in the Pomeroon-Supenaam region of Guyana, which is located on the Atlantic Ocean, and one mile north of Onderneeming.
## History
Suddie\'s story reflects its transformation from a social hub for Dutch plantation owners to a vital center for healthcare and community services. In the mid-19th century, a sprawling complex in Suddie served as a clubhouse for estate owners. Here, they would relax on verandas and admire the beachfront scenery. This complex eventually became the present-day Suddie Hospital.
Unlike other coastal estates focused on cotton and sugar, Suddie was known for producing coffee and cocoa. In 1835, Portuguese immigrants from Madeira arrived to work on these coffee and cocoa estates, as well as in honey production. However, harsh working conditions led to a decline in their population. Recognizing their plight, Governor Henry Lyte established a committee in 1841 to investigate the situation. This resulted in improved living conditions and their successful integration into Suddie\'s society. Over time, the Portuguese community flourished and significantly contributed to the village\'s development.
## Landmarks and Features {#landmarks_and_features}
Suddie boasts several landmarks. A venerable mango tree, rumored to be over 100 years old, provides a sense of history.The Suddie Hospital, a small facility with approximately 100 beds, serves the community. Additionally, the village features a market, A High Court opened in 2005., St. Anne\'s Anglican Church, schools, a police station, a post office, and a cricket ground.
Anthony and Akenie Adams, cricketers, hail from Suddie.
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7,124,402 |
RAF Snetterton Heath
|
**Royal Air Force Snetterton Heath** or more simply **RAF Snetterton Heath** is a former Royal Air Force station located south east of the A11, 6 mi south west of Attleborough, Norfolk, England.
## History
Snetterton Heath airfield was constructed by Taylor Woodrow Ltd., in 1942 at a cost of £950,000 to Class-A specifications. The main runway was 6,000 feet long with two secondaries of 4,200 feet each. Originally thirty-six hardstands of the \"frying pan\" type were constructed as when work started, the base was intended for Royal Air Force (RAF) use. When rescheduled for the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF), the number was increased to fifty, all of them being on the south and eastern side of the airfield as a railway line and the A11 road restricted dispersed locations. Total area of concrete laid in its construction was 530,000 square yards with storage provided for 144,000 gallons of fuel.
### USAAF use {#usaaf_use}
The airfield was allocated for USAAF use in 1943. Its USAAF designation was Station 138, Station-ID \"SN\". At one stage, it was planned to add an air depot, known as Eccles on the northern side of the airfield, access being across the A11. Four additional T-2 hangars were constructed on this site. Apparently a reduction in the number of heavy bombers being sent to the UK led to this depot becoming surplus to Eighth Air Force requirements and construction was stopped before all facilities were completed.
From 13 September 1943 though 18 June 1945, Snetterton Heath served as headquarters for the 45th Combat Bombardment Wing of the 3rd Bomb Division.
#### 386th Bombardment Group (Medium) {#th_bombardment_group_medium}
The airfield was used by the United States Army Air Forces Eighth Air Force 386th Bombardment Group (Medium), which arrived at Snetterton Heath from Lake Charles AAB, Louisiana on 3 June 1943. The 386th Bomb Group was assigned to the 3rd Bombardment Wing and flew Martin B-26B/C Marauder twin-engine medium bombers.
Its operational squadrons were:
- 552d Bombardment Squadron (RG)
- 553d Bombardment Squadron (AN)
- 554th Bombardment Squadron (RU)
- 555th Bombardment Squadron (YA)
The group remained at Snetterton Heath only a few days, being transferred to RAF Boxted on 10 June 1943 in north Essex where B-26 groups were to be established for operations.
#### 96th Bombardment Group (Heavy) {#th_bombardment_group_heavy}
The 96th Bombardment Group (Heavy) arrived on 12 June 1943 from RAF Andrews Field. The 96th was assigned to the 45th Combat Bombardment Wing (later, 45th Air Division), and the group tail code was a \"Square-C\".
Its operational squadrons were:
- 337th Bombardment Squadron (AW)
- 338th Bombardment Squadron (BX)
- 339th Bombardment Squadron (QJ)
- 413th Bombardment Squadron (MZ)
The group flew Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses as part of the Eighth Air Force\'s strategic bombing campaign.
The 96th BG transitioned to operational status at Snetterton Heath after being used as a training unit. It entered combat in May 1943 and functioned primarily as a strategic bombardment organization throughout the war.
Snetterton was the most conveniently reached station from 3rd Division Headquarters at Elveden Hall, thus units of the 96th often led major operations carrying commanding generals. General Curtis LeMay led the Regensburg shuttle mission to North Africa flying out of this base, and received a Distinguished Unit Citation for withstanding severe assaults by enemy fighters. The 96th also led the 3rd Division on the famous Schweinfurt mission of 14 October 1943.
The 96th also attacked shipyards, harbours, railway yards, aerodromes, oil refineries, aircraft factories, and other industrial targets in Germany, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Norway, Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia.
The 96th received another DUC for leading the 45th Bomb Wing a great distance through heavy clouds and intense anti-aircraft fire to raid important aircraft component factories in Poland on 9 April 1944. Other significant targets included airfields at Bordeaux and Augsburg; marshalling yards at Kiel, Hamm, Brunswick, and Gdynia; aircraft factories at Chemnitz, Hanover, and Diósgyőr; oil refineries at Merseburg and Brüx, and chemical works in Wiesbaden, Ludwigshafen, and Neunkirchen.
In addition to strategic operations, missions of the 96th BG included bombing coastal defences, railway bridges, gun emplacements, and field batteries in the battle area prior to and during the invasion of Normandy in June 1944; attacking enemy positions in support of the breakthrough at Saint-Lô in July 1944; aiding the campaign in France in August by striking roads and road junctions, and by dropping supplies to the Maquis; and attacking, during the early months of 1945, the communications supplying German armies on the western front.
After V-E Day, the group was scheduled for occupation duties in Germany however plans were revised and the 96th BG flew food to the Netherlands and hauled redeployed personnel to French Morocco, Ireland, France, and Germany. In November 1945 its aircraft were flown back to the United States, and its squadrons were inactivated. The ground personnel left Snetterton Heath in early December, arriving at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey.
The 96th Bomb Group was inactivated on 21 December 1945.
### Postwar use {#postwar_use}
After the war, the airfield was by No. 262 Maintenance Unit RAF between December 1945 and November 1948. At the end of 1948 the airfield was closed and fell into disuse.
## Current use {#current_use}
With the end of military control Snetterton Heath was privately purchased in 1952 with a view to using the runways and perimeter tracks as a motor racing circuit. The first motor cycle meeting was held in 1953 and the first motor races the following year.
Today, banking and safety barriers have transformed the airfield and Snetterton Circuit is used extensively; not only for local club, national, as well as international racing, but for the testing and development of new designs of motor cycles and cars.
A memorial window to the 96th Bomb Group can be seen in Quidenham church. There is also a sculpture commemorating the 96th BG on the approach road to the racing circuit, and a museum at the nearby New Eccles Hall School. Both the sculpture and the murals at the museum are the work of the school\'s Art teacher.
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John Newcomen
|
**John Newcomen** was murdered by *Mayflower* passenger John Billington in 1630, making him the first white settler murdered by another white settler in Plymouth Colony, Massachusetts.
There are two principal recordings of the event written in the 17th century. The first is from Governor William Bradford\'s *Of Plymouth Plantation*.
> This year John Billington the elder (one that came over with the first) was arraigned; and both by grand, and petty jury found guilty of willful murder; by plain and notorious evidence. And was for the same accordingly executed. This as it was the first execution amongst them, so was it a matter of great sadness unto them; they used all due means about his trial, and took the advice of Mr. Winthrop, and other the ablest gentlemen in the Bay of Massachusetts, that were then newly come over, who concurred with them that he ought to die, and the land be purged from blood. He and some of his, had been often punished for miscarriages before, being one of the profanest families amongst them; \... His fact was, that he waylaid a young man, one John Newcomen (about a former quarrel) and shot him with a gun, whereof he died.
The second account comes from William Hubbard\'s *A General History of New England from the Discovery to MDCLXXX* (17th-century manuscript first published in 1815).
> So when this wilderness began first to be peopled by the English where there was but one poor town, another Cain was found therein, who maliciously slew his neighbour in the field, as he accidentally met him, as he himself was going to shoot deer. The poor fellow perceiving the intent of this Billington, his mortal enemy, sheltered himself behind trees as well as he could for a while; but the other, not being so ill a marksman as to miss his aim, made a shot at them, and struck him on the shoulder, with which he died soon after. The murtherer expected that either for want of power to execute for capital offenses, or for want of people to increase the plantation, he should have his life spared; but justice otherwise determined.
Thomas Morton, writing in *New English Canaan* (1637), also makes a brief reference to the event, nicknaming John Billington the \"Old Woodman\", and making a punning reference to Newcomen:
> Old Woodman \... was choked at Plymouth after he had played the unhappy marksman when he was pursued by a careless fellow that was new come into the land
No further information about Newcomen\'s family is known for certain. The name \"New comin\" may have been a reference to his status as a newcomer to the Plymouth rather than a surname.
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7,124,411 |
Sericoda
|
***Sericoda*** is a genus of harpaline ground beetles. They are native to the Holarctic. Their habit resembles some members of the related genus *Agonum*, but they are generally smaller. The origin of *Sericoda* is apparently North America, with the Central American genus *Elliptoleus* the closest living relative.
*Sericoda* beetles are pyrophilous, meaning that they are attracted by burned areas after forest fires. This means they are found in large numbers the summer following the fires, after which their numbers decrease again.
Species include:
- *Sericoda balli* J.Schmidt, 2008
- *Sericoda bembidioides* Kirby, 1837
- *Sericoda bogemannii* (Gyllenhal, 1813)
- *Sericoda ceylonica* (Motschulsky, 1859)
- *Sericoda lissoptera* (Chaudoir, 1854)
- *Sericoda montana* Liebherr, 1991
- *Sericoda obsoleta* (Say, 1823)
- *Sericoda quadripunctata* (Degeer, 1774)
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7,124,418 |
Tsao Chieh
|
**Tsao Chieh** (Chinese: 曹节; 1953--1996) was a Singaporean composer and engineer.
## Works
### Orchestra
1982--1983 Overture in C
1984--1985 Singapore, Symphonic Suite for large orchestra: Prelude & Fugue, March, Scherzo, Passacaglia, Finale
1987--1988 Stasis
1989--1990 Amidst the sough of winds\...., set to two poems (Finger of the Cape und A Boy Drowns) by Edwin Thumboo for Narrator and Orchestra
1991--1992 Prelude, Interlude and Fugato, for Orchestra
1994 Two Little Pieces, for Orchestra: Idyll, Dance
### Symphonic Band {#symphonic_band}
1988 Singapore Artillery Centennial March
### Vocal music {#vocal_music}
1984 Four Songs from Romantic Poets, for Soprano and Chamber ensemble
1995 Old House at Ang Siang Hill, for Soprano and Piano
### Chamber music {#chamber_music}
197? Romance, for Clarinet and Viola
1980 Canzone, for Flute and Piano
1980 Roundelay, for Flute and Piano
1981 Idyll, for Flute and Piano
1982 Toccata, for Flute and Piano
1984 Caprice, for two Flute and Piano
1984 Movements, for Flute, Piano and String Quartet
1988 Variations, for Chamber ensemble \[for New Music Forum II in January 18, 1989)
### Piano Solo {#piano_solo}
1971 Canzona
1983 Sonata
### Electronic music {#electronic_music}
1994 Sine.Mus
1994--1995 Test piece for KW, for Computer
1994--1995 Rhapsody for synthesized flute on a 17-tone scale
1994--1995 Study in four temperaments
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
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