added
stringdate 2024-06-03 18:26:11
2024-06-04 03:14:13
| created
stringdate 2013-04-29 18:49:42
2014-01-03 01:38:26
| id
stringlengths 32
32
| metadata
dict | source
stringclasses 2
values | text
stringlengths 237
356k
| version
stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T09:02:27.000Z
|
twqcxwb3bilw64a7hrdyawursft2gulq
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36803",
"uncompressed_offset": 531002731,
"url": "www.ohloh.net/p/poedit/contributors/19196356791278",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:19.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:777b216f-3160-4512-820c-3e61fc8c0c5d>",
"warc_url": "http://www.ohloh.net/p/poedit/contributors/19196356791278"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Moderate Activity
Contributors : Xabier Aramendi
Analyzed 1 day ago based on code collected 1 day ago.
Activity on Poedit by Xabier Aramendi
All-time Commits: 3
12-Month Commits: 2
30-Day Commits: 0
Overall Kudo Rank:
First Commit: 07-Oct-2011
Last Commit: 31-Jul-2012
Names in SCM: Xabier Aramendi
Commit history:
Recent Kudos...
... for Poedit given by:
There are no kudos for this contributor at this time.
Do you know this contributor?
Ohloh computes statistics about contributors by analyzing their commits on all FOSS projects. We would like to be able to attribute this work to the right person, so if you know the contributor, please help out:
Are you this developer?
Add this position to your profile!
Know this developer?
Send him or her an invite to join Ohloh.
Project Commits
Approximately one year of commit activity shown
Project Languages
Ohloh did not measure any lines of code written by this contributor.
Copyright © 2013 Black Duck Software, Inc. and its contributors, Some Rights Reserved. Unless otherwise marked, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License . Ohloh ® and the Ohloh logo are trademarks of Black Duck Software, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T07:40:59.000Z
|
4hhrxvb64i73osaazrcpxsumbfsdegh5
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36805",
"uncompressed_offset": 533470756,
"url": "www.openwetware.org/index.php?oldid=574583&title=Prince%3ABYU_Lipidomics_Team",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:19.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:777b216f-3160-4512-820c-3e61fc8c0c5d>",
"warc_url": "http://www.openwetware.org/index.php?title=Prince:BYU_Lipidomics_Team&oldid=574583"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Prince:BYU Lipidomics Team
From OpenWetWare
Revision as of 13:24, 4 January 2012 by Mackay A. Merrill (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
Home Lab Members Research Publications Internal Mass Spec Contact
Contents
Basic Protocol
• Get sample from almost any source
• Extraction (both methods use Folch reagent [2:1 chloroform:methanol])
• use Kaluzne method
• trying to implement Bligh & Dyer (gold standard)
• MTBE Extraction [1]
• Mass Spectrometry
• ESI-Agilent TOF
• Tandem MS-Q-Star (8-10am)
• Analysis
• LipidXplorer
• PCA analysis in R
• Latest is to use the intensities reported by LipidXplorer in R.
For Running Standards:
• Solvent chloroform:methanol:2-propanol (2:1:1, v/v/v)
• 18 mM ammonium acetate
Main analytes are phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Analytes in (-) mode would be phosphatidylserines and phosphatidylethanolamines (which are expected to have stronger signal in - mode). Typical number of analytes?
FAME-GC associated with Craig Thulin and UVU.
Literature
Background
Lipidomics and lipid profiling in metabolomics. [2]
Lipidomics: coming to grips with lipid diversity, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 11, 593–598 (1 August 2010).
Membrane lipid composition. [3]
Lipid rafts. [4]
Mass Spectrometry
Practical essentials of ESI.* [5]
Solid tutorial review on mass spec "-omics."* [6]
General approaches to lipidomics. [7]
Recent advances (2011) in MS lipidomics. [8]
Advances is mass spectrometry lipidomics. [9]
Specific lipid classes and MS. [10]
Basics of ESI and ESI intrasource separation shotgun lipidomics.** [11] [12]
Factors influencing ESI intrasource separation. [13]
• Sample preparation for intrasource separation.** [14] [15]
Multiple precursor ion and neutral loss scanning with data-dependent acquisition. [16]
Top-down lipidomic strategy.** [17]
Top-down lipidomic analysis of blood plasma.* [18]
Quantitative shotgun yeast lipidomics. [19] [20]
Quantitative shotgun membrane lipidomics, including glycosphingolipids. [21]
LTQ Orbitrap shotgun lipidomics. [22]
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Membrane lipids. [23]
Phospholipids [24] [25]
Sphingolipids [26]
Glycosphingolipids [27]
Bioinformatics
Informatics and computational strategies for the study of lipids. [28]
Computational lipidomics. [29]
Chemometrics for Metabonomics. [30] [31]
LipidXplorer: open-source lipid identification and quantification software. [32]
• LipidXplorer wiki. [33]
PCA package. [34]
K-OPLS package. [35]
S-plot. [36]
Special Journal Issues on Lipidomics
Journal of Chromatography B, Volume 877, Issue 26. [37]
Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators, Volume 77. [38]
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, Volume 111, Issue 1. [39]
Frontiers in Bioscience, Volume 12, January 2007.
Methods in Enzymology, Volume 432, 2007.
Signalling Lipids and Lipidomics
Lipid rafts and GPCRs. [40]
Eicosanoid biology. [41]
Sphingolipid signalling. [42]
Lipid mediators in health and disease. [43]
Lipid mediators for inflammation resolution. [44]
Eicosanoid lipidomics. [45]
Bioactive lipidomics. [46]
Lipid mediator informatics-lipidomics. [47]
Mediator lipidomics. [48]
LC/MS Lipidomics
HPLC/MS of complex lipidomes. [49]
UPLC/MS of complex lipidomes. [50]
Group Members
Current
• Mackay Merrill
• Landon Weist
• Rob Roden
• Greg Jackson
• Matthew Linford
• Craig Thulin
• Steven Wood
• John Prince
Former or Associated
• Jennifer MacDonald
• Jonathan Lee
• Vinod Chaudhary
• Steven Herron
• Mary Blackburn
• Daniel Edmondson
Relevant Publications
1. Dang L, White DW, Gross S, Bennett BD, Bittinger MA, Driggers EM, Fantin VR, Jang HG, Jin S, Keenan MC, Marks KM, Prins RM, Ward PS, Yen KE, Liau LM, Rabinowitz JD, Cantley LC, Thompson CB, Vander Heiden MG, and Su SM. . pmid:19935646. PubMed HubMed [P1]
This has a great protocol for negative ion mode extraction and analysis on the Orbitrap.
Personal tools
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:39:04.000Z
|
msn4jp5hxk3f7b7iuefxf6cgmnf3ccqd
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36807",
"uncompressed_offset": 545397555,
"url": "www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn%3Acts%3AgreekLit%3Atlg0059.tlg004.perseus-eng1%3A90",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:19.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:777b216f-3160-4512-820c-3e61fc8c0c5d>",
"warc_url": "http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg004.perseus-eng1:90"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
[90a] and the bad are both very few and those between the two are very many, for that is the case.”
“What do you mean?”
“I mean just what I might say about the large and small. Do you think there is anything more unusual than to find a very large or a very small man, or dog, or other creature, or again, one that is very quick or slow, very ugly or beautiful, very black or white? Have you not noticed that the extremes in all these instances are rare and few, and the examples between the extremes are very many?”
“To be sure,” said I.
“And don't you think,” [90b] said he, “that if there were to be a competition in rascality, those who excelled would be very few in that also?”
“Very likely,” I replied.
“Yes, very likely,” he said, “But it is not in that respect that arguments are like men; I was merely following your lead in discussing that. The similarity lies in this: when a man without proper knowledge concerning arguments has confidence in the truth of an argument and afterwards thinks that it is false, whether it really is so or not, and this happens again and again; then you know, those men especially who [90c] have spent their time in disputation come to believe that they are the wisest of men and that they alone have discovered that there is nothing sound or sure in anything, whether argument or anything else, but all things go up and down, like the tide in the Euripus, and nothing is stable for any length of time.”
“Certainly,” I said, “that is very true.”
“Then, Phaedo,” he said, “if there is any system of argument which is true and sure and can be learned, it would be a sad thing if a man, [90d] because he has met with some of those arguments which seem to be sometimes true and sometimes false, should then not blame himself or his own lack of skill, but should end, in his vexation, by throwing the blame gladly upon the arguments and should hate and revile them all the rest of his life, and be deprived of the truth and knowledge of reality.”
“Yes, by Zeus,” I said, “it would be sad.”
“First, then,” said he, “let us be on our guard against this, [90e] and let us not admit into our souls the notion that there is no soundness in arguments at all. Let us far rather assume that we ourselves are not yet in sound condition and that we must strive manfully and eagerly to become so, you and the others for the sake of all your future life,
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License.
An XML version of this text is available for download, with the additional restriction that you offer Perseus any modifications you make. Perseus provides credit for all accepted changes, storing new additions in a versioning system.
load focus Greek (1903)
hide Places (automatically extracted)
View a map of the most frequently mentioned places in this document.
Visualize the most frequently mentioned Pleiades ancient places in this text.
Download Pleiades ancient places geospacial dataset for this text.
hideData/Identifiers
Citation URN: urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg004.perseus-eng1:90
Document URN: urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg004.perseus-eng1
hide Display Preferences
Greek Display:
Arabic Display:
View by Default:
Browse Bar:
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T09:02:32.000Z
|
zgki6prkg5yf5basxg7bj2yy6zpc2sq2
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36822",
"uncompressed_offset": 673935525,
"url": "www.werelate.org/wiki/Family:Richard_Parke_and_Sarah_Collier_%281%29",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:19.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:777b216f-3160-4512-820c-3e61fc8c0c5d>",
"warc_url": "http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Family:Richard_Parke_and_Sarah_Collier_(1)"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Family:Richard Parke and Sarah Collier (1)
Browse
Facts and Events
Marriage[1] Aft 1 Sep 1656
Children
BirthDeath
1.
1666
References
1. "Jonathan Brewster's Letter to Sarah, the Widow of Love Brewster", in Massachusetts Society of Mayflower Descendants. Mayflower Descendant, 8:164-5.
Dated September 1656: "...being glad to heare of youer well Doeing in youer affliction of widdowhood ... In my Judgement I would advise you to marry one whom you could Love; I would to god I were nearer you I should Doe something for you ...". This letter, clearly indicating Sarah had not yet remarried, was recorded because it contained a gift of land to Sarah's daughter. The clerk's notation: "The abovewritten Letter was sent from Mr Jonathan Brewster unto mi's Sarah Brewster widdow now liveing in the towne of Duxburrow In the Gov'r'ment of New Plymouth".
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T09:02:40.000Z
|
5pni4cjqzeyzopjkaxnnw54l5skdatou
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36823",
"uncompressed_offset": 673941926,
"url": "www.werelate.org/wiki/Place:Barnham,_Suffolk,_England",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:19.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:777b216f-3160-4512-820c-3e61fc8c0c5d>",
"warc_url": "http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Place:Barnham,_Suffolk,_England"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Place:Barnham, Suffolk, England
Watchers
NameBarnham
TypeUnknown
Located inSuffolk, England
source: Family History Library Catalog
the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia
Barnham is a village and civil parish in the St Edmundsbury district of the English county of Suffolk. It is about south of Thetford and north of Bury St Edmunds on the A134. The village of Euston is to the east. According to Eilert Ekwall the meaning of the village name is "Beorn's homestead".
Research Tips
This page uses content from the English Wikipedia. The original content was at Barnham, Suffolk. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with WeRelate, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T09:01:24.000Z
|
4kqxjlkpeiccivf6erx7m7vfvpd25cqg
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36825",
"uncompressed_offset": 677818474,
"url": "www.wikidoc.org/index.php/wikidoc:Log_in",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:19.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:777b216f-3160-4512-820c-3e61fc8c0c5d>",
"warc_url": "http://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/wikidoc:Log_in"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
wikidoc:Log in
Jump to: navigation, search
Contents
Logging In
WikiDoc requires that you log in with your full name.
• Once you are logged in, please provide contact information. In the event that we have questions regarding the content posted, posting your biography would be optimal, however an email is sufficient (telephone or fax is optional)
• This can be done by clicking on your name, and inserting the information appropriately
• Click on C Michael Gibson on the user page to see an example or click on this link
Why log in?
Logging in is required for these reasons:
• Other users will be able to recognise you by your username when you make changes to pages. As a "name" an IP address is somewhat clumsy. Also, if you use computers at different locations (home, office, internet cafe, etc.) you have a different IP-address in each case; even in the same location, depending on the Internet connection, the IP-address may be different each time. Therefore a username is better to maintain an identity.
• You will have your own user page where you can write a bit about yourself, and a user talk page which you can use to communicate with other users.
• You will be able to mark an edit as minor, which avoids inconvenience for other users.
• You will be able to keep track of changes to modules you are interested in using a watch list.
• If you choose to give an email address, other users will be able to contact you by email. This feature is anonymous - the user who emails you will not know your email address. You don't have to give your email address if you don't want to.
• Check the privacy policy of the individual site you're visiting.
• You will be able to rename pages.
• You will be able to set your own preferences, to change things such as:
• The number of pages displayed in Recent changes
• The fonts, colours and layout of the site, by using different skins.
How to log in
First, make sure that your browser accepts cookies. Some browsers can accept or reject cookies from individual sites; users of these should configure the browser to accept cookies from each wiki you plan to edit, such as www.clinicaltrialresults.org.
Click on the Log in link at the top right of the page. You will then be prompted to enter your username and password. If you haven't logged in before, you will need to enter your password twice.
If you click the box Remember me, you will not have to give your password again when you access MediaWiki wiki from the same computer. This feature will only work if your password was not generated by the Mediawiki software. So change your password please.
Logging in and setting preferences are done separately on each wiki. You may find like to maintain a cross-wiki identity by using the same username on each wiki that you use, if that name is still free.
Log in problems
If you appear to be able to log in, but as soon as you try to look at a page after the 'Log in successful' page you appear logged out again, it is very likely to be a cookie problem. If you are certain that cookies are enabled, make sure that you haven't inadvertently listed server on a list of sites to never allow cookies for (This feature is available in (at least) Mozilla Firebird (Firefox) 0.6 and above and Microsoft Internet Explorer version 6 and above). Also make sure your computer's date and time are set correctly; if they are not, cookies may expire before they are supposed to. Note that some firewall and ad-blocking software may interfere with the cookie that it uses to keep a person logged in.
In addition to these steps, check to make sure PHP's directory for storing session data is writable. This directory can be found in the php.ini file under the session.save_path setting. Errors in this php.ini setting can also cause other problems. Examples of these errors are referencing a non-existent directory or leaving out " marks around the directory name. Random Wiki pages or edit previews might appear blank in Internet Explorer, but not with other browsers. Also, the Save Page button might act as if one had pressed the Show Preview button when a user is logged in, but work correctly when one is not logged in.
A user may occasionally find him/herself "automatically " logged out in between beginning an edit and saving it, or when switching between multiple pages open in multiple windows. This can be a result of your browser's cookie, cache, or firewall settings, but due to the nature of the MediaWiki software, some user ID information is stored in the servers; sometimes, especially during heavy server load, the system can "glitch" and your ID information will be misplaced, resulting in a logout. Regardless of the reason for the logout, the simplest solution to the problem is to check the Remember me box. If you do this on a computer that can be accessed by more than one person (i.e. at the library, at work, at school), please find and erase your user ID cookies after your editing session.
If you log in and enabled the cookie feature, a subsequent log in as a different user without the cookie feature enabled will appear as logged out.
What if I forget the password?
If you enter an e-mail address when signing up for the account, or in your Preferences, you can request on the login screen for a temporary password to be sent to that address, which will allow you to retrieve your account. If you did not enter an e-mail address, or the address was out of date, but you are determined to regain access to the account, you might be able to persuade someone with direct access to the database that it is your account, and ask them to retrieve it for you.
Creating an account
To create an account, select Log in (top right of page) then [ create an account. You usually need only provide a username and password. Some wikis require a visual Users with text, speech, or legacy browsers will be unable to create an account if they can not view this image.
How to set preferences
Click on the Preferences link at the top right of the page for various options, including:
• Changing your password.
• Changing the skin, which changes the way that the web pages look.
Your User page and User talk page
As a logged in user, you will be able to create your own user page and user talk page. When you are logged in, you will see your username displayed at the top right of the page. Click on this to get to your user page, which you can edit in the same way as any MediaWiki wiki page.
Most users write a little bit about themselves and their interests on their user page.
You also have a User talk page. You can access this by clicking on the Talk link next to your username at the top right of the page. Other people may write messages in your user talk page by editing it, and you can respond.
How to log out
You can log out any time by clicking on the Log out link at the top right of the page.
All information on this page is attributed to Wikipedia and its contributors
Navigation WikiDoc | WikiPatient | Popular pages | Recently Edited Pages | Recently Added Pictures
Table of Contents In Alphabetical Order | By Individual Diseases | Signs and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Lab Tests | Drugs
Editor Tools Become an Editor | Editors Help Menu | Create a Page | Edit a Page | Upload a Picture or File | Printable version | Permanent link | Maintain Pages | What Pages Link Here
There is no pharmaceutical or device industry support for this site and we need your viewer supported Donations | Editorial Board | Governance | Licensing | Disclaimers | Avoid Plagiarism | Policies
Personal tools
Variants
Actions
Navigation
Toolbox
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T07:39:12.000Z
|
iad4xzrjse34rt2abtpn4ubfaxcao27w
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36831",
"uncompressed_offset": 2229146,
"url": "abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs%40.nsf/ProductsbyReleaseDate/C4AE69179F6E9645CA2570B1002A67DB",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/ProductsbyReleaseDate/C4AE69179F6E9645CA2570B1002A67DB?OpenDocument"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
1350.0 - Australian Economic Indicators, May 2001
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 30/04/2001
Page tools: Print Page RSS Search this Product
• About this Release
ABOUT THIS RELEASE
Absorbs: 1304.0
A monthly compendium of economic statistics, presenting comprehensive tables, graphs, commentaries, feature articles and technical notes. Primarily a reference document, the publication provides a broad basis for analysis and research on the Australian economy and includes statistics that can be applied to both macro-economic and sectoral analyses. The publication contains statistics under the following headings: national accounts, international accounts, consumption and investment, production, prices, labour force and demography, incomes and labour costs, financial markets, state comparisons and international comparisons. The March through to January issues generally present the statistics as time series for the last nine years of annual data, and for the last nine quarters or fifteen months of sub-annual data. The February issue contains longer time series.
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:48:42.000Z
|
i57ets5bztxgzh7dxaw6xbi3a65xf7cy
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36832",
"uncompressed_offset": 2236209,
"url": "abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs%40.nsf/ViewContent?Action=Expand&Num=79.3&view=ProductsbyReleaseDate",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/ViewContent?readform&view=ProductsbyReleaseDate&Action=Expand&Num=79.3"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
Statistics by Release Date
June, 1935
29/06/1935 Victorian Year Book, 1933-34 (cat no. 1301.2)
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T07:38:55.000Z
|
wu2gjqqbr5jte3al7stohefykrb2ft67
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36833",
"uncompressed_offset": 2242315,
"url": "abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs%40.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/1367.0~2012~Main%20Features~Economy~29",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/1367.0~2012~Main%20Features~Economy~29"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Catalogue Number
1367.0 - State and Territory Statistical Indicators, 2012
Latest ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 27/01/2012 Final
Page tools: Print Page Print All RSS
State Accounts
State Final Demand
Industry Gross Value Added
Count of Businesses
Investment and Finance
Housing Finance Commitments
Prices
Consumer Price Index
Labour Price Index
International Trade
Value of Imports and Exports
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:50:34.000Z
|
6bhvylhs65pdycmuynacgfosw55mhdgt
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36867",
"uncompressed_offset": 64985033,
"url": "dotnetkicks.com/stories/37798/Is_a_Square_a_Rectangle_Liskov_Substitution_Principle",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://dotnetkicks.com/stories/37798/Is_a_Square_a_Rectangle_Liskov_Substitution_Principle"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Error!
Success!
Is a Square a Rectangle? (Liskov Substitution Principle)
0
kicks
Is a Square a Rectangle? (Liskov Substitution Principle) (Unpublished)
In Geometry, a square is a special case of rectangle where the height and width of the shape are equal. When modelling squares and rectangles in object-oriented programming languages, defining this relationship can lead to unexpected bugs.
Kicked By:
Drop Kicked By:
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:50:21.000Z
|
2csgcewtjjmjutqzn24sgcjr3juzmtje
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36868",
"uncompressed_offset": 66477101,
"url": "dungeons.wikia.com/wiki/SRD:Rod_of_Fortification?diff=prev&oldid=8707",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://dungeons.wikia.com/wiki/SRD:Rod_of_Fortification?diff=prev&oldid=8707"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Wikia
Changes: SRD:Rod of Fortification
Edit
Back to page
m
m (1 revision: SRD upload)
Latest revision as of 06:37, August 11, 2009
This material is published under the OGL
FortificationEdit
This rod functions as a +3 light mace. In addition, it is useful for the construction and defense of fortifications. Whenever the wielder is benefiting from cover, the rod improves that to nine-tenths cover (+10 cover AC bonus and +4 cover Reflex save bonus; failure on the save results in half damage and success results in no damage). Three times per day, the rod can create food and water, as per the cleric spell, for twenty-four people. The rod also has the following powers:
Fortify: Four times per day, a stone wall can be created that is 12 inches thick, 10 feet high, and 30 feet long. This wall has a parapet and battlements across the top. (Alternatively, the power can be used to mend a broken existing wall. The gap to be filled can be no more than 300 square feet in area.) In addition, once per day, a great door of iron can be created that is set into one of the newly created walls. This door, 4 inches thick, may be a double door, a drawbridge, or a portcullis, as chosen by the wielder.
Siege Engine: One heavy catapult, two light catapults, or three ballistae may be generated with each use of this power. The power can be used four times per day. Ammunition for 20 shots is included with each weapon created.
Caster Level: 24th; Prerequisites: Craft Rod, Craft Epic Rod, Craft Magic Arms and Armor, interposing hand, create food and water, major creation, wall of iron, wall of stone; Market Price: 465,665 gp; Cost to Create: 231,985 gp + 14,634 XP.
Back to Main PageSystem Reference DocumentMagic Items
Around Wikia's network
Random Wiki
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:36:07.000Z
|
wipnooj6c3ajt7shij2sah4zapiabtne
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36875",
"uncompressed_offset": 70842555,
"url": "elinux.org/index.php?oldid=71509&title=ECE597_xink",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://elinux.org/index.php?title=ECE597_xink&oldid=71509"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
ECE597 xink
From eLinux.org
Revision as of 20:49, 27 October 2011 by Peter Huewe (Talk | contribs)
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Jump to: navigation, search
OpenCV has some applications that can be used directly for training Classifiers for image detection. In ../bin directory, there are several executable files can help to achieve the trainning. The training using Reason: incomplete and not useful in current state
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:48:46.000Z
|
qdgmlkfec3eodumu7ynsd3hf2eljkhau
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36894",
"uncompressed_offset": 93241316,
"url": "genomebiology.com/2001/2/9/spotlight-20010917-01",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://genomebiology.com/2001/2/9/spotlight-20010917-01"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Research news
Predictable
Jonathan B Weitzman
Genome Biology 2001, 2:spotlight-20010917-01 doi:10.1186/gb-spotlight-20010917-01
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at:
Published:17 September 2001
© 2001 BioMed Central Ltd
Research news
If clinicians could predict how a cancer patient would respond to specific chemotherapeutic drugs, they would be able to choose an individualized treatment protocol with greater chances of success and minimized side effects. In the September 11 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Jane Staunton and colleagues from the Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts describe a genomic approach for predicting chemosensitivity (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001, 98:10787-10792). They measured the expression levels of almost 7,000 genes in the sixty cancer cell lines of the NCI-60 panel from the National Cancer Institute's Developmental Therapeutics Program. They then used these microarray data to define sets of genes that could predict sensitivity to over 200 chemical compounds. Gene-drug relationships allowed the definition of a chemosensitivity classifier to predict the cytotoxicity of different compounds.
References
1. [http://www.pnas.org] webcite
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2. [http://www.wi.mit.edu] webcite
Whitehead Institute
3. [http://www.genome.wi.mit.edu/MPR/NCI60/NCI60.html] webcite
Supplemental data for Staunton et al.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T07:49:55.000Z
|
i7wvtt4ljfo7s3b6femmgjhchf2s26pi
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36913",
"uncompressed_offset": 115954386,
"url": "itismymind.blogspot.com/2005/01/welcome.html",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://itismymind.blogspot.com/2005/01/welcome.html"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Tuesday, January 18, 2005
Welcome
This is my new blog. This is my mind. To keep it palatable for anyone who may want to continue reading this blog I will confine my articles to mainly politics or any news of the day that catches my attention. I may also opine about the black experience or at least anything I can convey to you. Perhaps by Black History Month I can really come up with some ideas. For right now, however, what you'll read comes from my own mind.
Thank you.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:47:45.000Z
|
hxcauftnre7niyj6o6dpco733wjk7uvk
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36925",
"uncompressed_offset": 131498173,
"url": "lists.maemo.org/pipermail/maemo-developers/2007-April/009600.html",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://lists.maemo.org/pipermail/maemo-developers/2007-April/009600.html"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
[maemo-developers] x11vnc no response to taps on left of screen
From: Jeffrey Barish jeff_barish at earthlink.net
Date: Tue Apr 10 17:27:17 EEST 2007
On Monday 09 April 2007 23:40:13 Kalle Valo wrote:
> "ext Jeffrey Barish" <jeff_barish at earthlink.net> writes:
> > Also, the N800 has an annoying habit of dropping the WiFi connection
> > because it is not detecting any taps on the screen.
>
> We don't have such functionality at all. We do have idle timer which
> disconnects the connection after a specified timeout if there's no
> traffic. But if I recall correctly, it should be disabled for WLAN by
> default
I presume you are referring to the setting in Connection manager to which
Visti Andresen referred me earlier in this thread. The WLAN idle time is set
to Unlimited.
> You must be seeing something else. What AP are you using and what are
> it's settings?
What is an AP?
> And what do you mean by dropping? Does UI inform that connection is
> disconnected or is the WLAN connections just "jammed", ie. no data is
> transfered?
I confess that yesterday I myself began to suspect it was something else. I
went away for a few hours and found on my return that both the VNC and ssh
connections were still fine even though the N800 appeared to be sleeping
soundly. However, this morning I found that the VNC viewer had lost its
connection. I did not leave ssh connected, but attempts to connect were
refused. I also got no response to a ping. To reestablish the VNC
connection, I had to restart x11vnc because of its annoying habit of
terminating when it loses its connection. I'm not sure what I did to make it
possible for ssh to connect again, but once I started using the N800, it
mysteriously became possible both to connect by ssh and to ping. (And the IP
number did not change even though I am using DHCP.) I have no idea what
happened last night to terminate connections that did not happen during my
afternoon break. I will collect more data. Perhaps others have had similar
experiences that would shed light on the issue.
--
Jeffrey Barish
More information about the maemo-developers mailing list
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T07:38:28.000Z
|
4fcp3rvrirjhgjih2ypisdx7tnp6zdje
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36926",
"uncompressed_offset": 131502555,
"url": "lists.maemo.org/pipermail/maemo-developers/2011-June/028424.html",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://lists.maemo.org/pipermail/maemo-developers/2011-June/028424.html"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
[maemo-developers] Where to post bug reports for MeeGo 1.2 Harmattan?
From: Andrey Ponomarenko aponomarenko at ispras.ru
Date: Wed Jun 22 07:29:29 EEST 2011
Hi,
Could anybody explain me where to post bug reports for MeeGo 1.2
Harmattan [1]?
To maemo.org Bugzilla [2] or to MeeGo Bugzilla [3]?
Thanks!
[1] MeeGo 1.2 Harmattan <http://harmattan-dev.nokia.com/Introduction.html>
[2] maemo.org Bugzilla <https://bugs.maemo.org/>
[3] MeeGo Bugzilla <https://bugs.meego.com/>
--
Andrey Ponomarenko
Department for Operating Systems at ISPRAS
web: http://www.LinuxTesting.org
mail: aponomarenko at ispras.ru
-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: <http://lists.maemo.org/pipermail/maemo-developers/attachments/20110622/31c9a07b/attachment.htm>
More information about the maemo-developers mailing list
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T09:01:22.000Z
|
dm2f5alddvjtr4duevqjcujgkx4uf2ip
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36942",
"uncompressed_offset": 151304932,
"url": "myrightword.blogspot.co.il/2008/08/yet-another-attack-on-jbloggers.html",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://myrightword.blogspot.co.il/2008/08/yet-another-attack-on-jbloggers.html"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Wednesday, August 27, 2008
Yet Another Attack on the JBloggers Conference
This one much more of an ethical complaint.
Haim Watzman, who walked out when Bibi showed up, or shortly thereafter, wrote:
...I’m all in favor of aliya, and Nefesh B’Nefesh does fine work, even if its close association with Binyamin Netanyahu — the convention’s keynote speaker — and other figures on the Israeli right is not to my taste...
...we know that money corrupts—do we lack instances of scandals in charities?
A blogger who received a free business-class round-trip plane ticket from Nefesh B’Nefesh would inevitably think twice about checking out a rumor of malfeasance in the organization — or even about writing that some of the olim in its care felt they hadn’t been treated properly. Even if there were no such rumors or complaints to be heard, the fact that the bloggers accepted this perk automatically reduces their credibility to zero in writing about the organization and its activities.
Nefesh B’Nefesh — don’t tempt bloggers with plane tickets next time. And bloggers —if they offer you one, politely but firmly turn it down.
There is a principle here but when you have over 200 bloggers present, even with 10 being flown for free, and 1300 on-line, the ethical violation is negligible. Everybody knows what's going down. It's not as if it is a secret. The free travelers all proclaimed it and thereby, they warned everyone. If NBN is corrupt, someone is going to blow the whistle, ticket, conference or not.
Haim, so, you weren't invited. My wife was invited two and three years ago, one-way, though, and I wasn't. That's life.
As long as there's Aliyah, it's okay.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T07:32:32.000Z
|
3rbfmq5meepohmh7ioqtpcjc2dc27pw2
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36963",
"uncompressed_offset": 179326582,
"url": "quotationsbook.com/book/imsodirtyhoney/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://quotationsbook.com/book/imsodirtyhoney/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
imsodirtyhoney's bookmarks
"Love is composed of a single soul inhabiting two bodies."
Aristotle on love
89 fans of this quote
"One good act of vengeance deserves another."
Jefferson, John on revenge
4 fans of this quote
Priscylla Piucco's quote collection
I'm female and made my book on 20th March 2010.
My book as a pdf
My feed
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:54:31.000Z
|
6be427xdxecrneb27onxy5d7h3mhv7pf
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36964",
"uncompressed_offset": 179340479,
"url": "quotationsbook.com/quote/20231/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://quotationsbook.com/quote/20231/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Quotation added by staff
Why not add this quote to your bookmarks?
The way to be nothing is to do nothing. Howe, Nathaniel
This quote is about idleness · Search on Google Books to find all references and sources for this quotation.
A bit about Howe, Nathaniel ...
We don't have a biography.
These people bookmarked this quote:
More on the author
This quote around the web
Loading...
Search Quotations Book
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:25:11.000Z
|
rehtbtex3jsdbrdfhwjzqxrydgry4jm5
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36965",
"uncompressed_offset": 179346670,
"url": "quotationsbook.com/quote/28594/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://quotationsbook.com/quote/28594/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Quotation added by staff
Why not add this quote to your bookmarks?
People will in a great degree, and not without reason, form their opinion of you by that they have of your friends, as, says the Proverb, Spanish
This quote is about opinions · Search on Google Books to find all references and sources for this quotation.
A bit about Proverb, Spanish ...
We don't have a biography.
These people bookmarked this quote:
• Nobody has bookmarked this quote yet.
More on the author
This quote around the web
Loading...
Search Quotations Book
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:53:20.000Z
|
avr5evcf6jcyd7grd2ory2atful5hcjm
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36966",
"uncompressed_offset": 179352821,
"url": "quotationsbook.com/quote/7159/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://quotationsbook.com/quote/7159/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Quotation added by staff
Why not add this quote to your bookmarks?
It's not whether you get knocked down, it's whether you get up. Lombardi, Vince
This quote is about commitment · Search on Google Books to find all references and sources for this quotation.
A bit about Lombardi, Vince ...
We don't have a biography.
These people bookmarked this quote:
More on the author
This quote around the web
Loading...
Search Quotations Book
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:42:10.000Z
|
24nlxbl3hl2bzaie3qcbgb36dqenxs2g
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36968",
"uncompressed_offset": 179370181,
"url": "quotationsbook.com/quote/bookmark_users/28190/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://quotationsbook.com/quote/bookmark_users/28190/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Quotation added by staff
Why not add this quote to your bookmarks?
No news is good news. Halevy, Ludovic
Excerpt from The Motor Girls on Waters Blue Or the Strange Cruise of the Tartar · This quote is about news · Search on Google Books to find all references and sources for this quotation.
A bit about Halevy, Ludovic ...
Ludovic Halvy (January 1, 1834 - May 8, 1908), French author, was born in Paris.
These people bookmarked this quote:
• Nobody has bookmarked this quote yet.
More on the author
This quote around the web
Loading...
Search Quotations Book
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T07:29:46.000Z
|
qmlkptet2u3ignodfcrbstbdhbfmx7tr
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36969",
"uncompressed_offset": 179376378,
"url": "quotationsbook.com/quote/gift/14561/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://quotationsbook.com/quote/gift/14561/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
It's easy! Just pick the product you like and click-through to buy it from trusted partners of Quotations Book. We hope you like these personalized gifts as much as we do.
Make and then buy your OWN fantastic personalized gift from this quote
Chance is a word void of sense; nothing can exist without a cause. Voltaire
Make a fabulous personalised bracelet or other form of jewellery with this quote
Click the banner below to pick the kind of jewellery you'd like ...
Choose something popular ...
Make a custom wrapped canvas ...
Make custom holiday cards ...
Make custom t-shirts ...
Make custom holiday gifts for boys ...
Make custom holiday gifts for girls ...
Make custom holiday gifts for men ...
A selection of more great products and gifts!
212 - The Extra Degree
The one extra degree makes the difference. This simple analogy reflects the ultimate definition of excellence. Because it's the one extra degree of effort, in business and life, that can separate the good from the great. This powerful book by S.L. Parker and Mac Anderson gives great examples, great quotes and great stories to illustrate the 212° concept. A warning - once you read it, it will be hard to forget. Your company will have a target for everything you do ... 212°
Click here to buy this »
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:38:27.000Z
|
xal6ahk3wwci4zpf32n6gtq2pcthaoa4
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36970",
"uncompressed_offset": 179381876,
"url": "quotationsbook.com/quote/gift/25253/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://quotationsbook.com/quote/gift/25253/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
It's easy! Just pick the product you like and click-through to buy it from trusted partners of Quotations Book. We hope you like these personalized gifts as much as we do.
Make and then buy your OWN fantastic personalized gift from this quote
A traveler of taste will notice that the wise are polite all over the world, but the fool only at home. Goldsmith, Oliver
Make a fabulous personalised bracelet or other form of jewellery with this quote
Click the banner below to pick the kind of jewellery you'd like ...
Choose something popular ...
Make a custom wrapped canvas ...
Make custom holiday cards ...
Make custom t-shirts ...
Make custom holiday gifts for boys ...
Make custom holiday gifts for girls ...
Make custom holiday gifts for men ...
A selection of more great products and gifts!
212 - The Extra Degree
The one extra degree makes the difference. This simple analogy reflects the ultimate definition of excellence. Because it's the one extra degree of effort, in business and life, that can separate the good from the great. This powerful book by S.L. Parker and Mac Anderson gives great examples, great quotes and great stories to illustrate the 212° concept. A warning - once you read it, it will be hard to forget. Your company will have a target for everything you do ... 212°
Click here to buy this »
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:52:58.000Z
|
yj3qya7r6gbepzkr5tuqffshi5z6hq4d
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36971",
"uncompressed_offset": 179387390,
"url": "quotationsbook.com/quote/gift/4429/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://quotationsbook.com/quote/gift/4429/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
It's easy! Just pick the product you like and click-through to buy it from trusted partners of Quotations Book. We hope you like these personalized gifts as much as we do.
Make and then buy your OWN fantastic personalized gift from this quote
It is so much more difficult to live with one's body than with one's soul. One's body is so much more exacting: what it won't have it won't have, and nothing can make bitter into sweet. Lawrence, D. H.
Make a fabulous personalised bracelet or other form of jewellery with this quote
Click the banner below to pick the kind of jewellery you'd like ...
Choose something popular ...
Make a custom wrapped canvas ...
Make custom holiday cards ...
Make custom t-shirts ...
Make custom holiday gifts for boys ...
Make custom holiday gifts for girls ...
Make custom holiday gifts for men ...
A selection of more great products and gifts!
212 - The Extra Degree
The one extra degree makes the difference. This simple analogy reflects the ultimate definition of excellence. Because it's the one extra degree of effort, in business and life, that can separate the good from the great. This powerful book by S.L. Parker and Mac Anderson gives great examples, great quotes and great stories to illustrate the 212° concept. A warning - once you read it, it will be hard to forget. Your company will have a target for everything you do ... 212°
Click here to buy this »
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:11:57.000Z
|
plyuyrz6w6lhumovf2wk6wq2h3tda6bv
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36972",
"uncompressed_offset": 179392946,
"url": "quotationsbook.com/quotes/author/3925/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://quotationsbook.com/quotes/author/3925/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Quotes by Kant, Immanuel
Immanuel Kant (April 22, 1724 February 12, 1804), was a German philosopher and scientist (astrophysics, mathematics, geography, anthropology) from East Prussia. Kant is often considered one of the greatest and most influential thinkers of modern Europe and the last major philosopher of the Enlightenment..
"So act that your principle of action might safely be made a law for the whole world."
Kant, Immanuel on guidance
"It is not God's will merely that we should be happy, but that we should make ourselves happy"
Kant, Immanuel on happiness
4 fans of this quote
"From such crooked wood as that which man is made of, nothing straight can be fashioned."
Kant, Immanuel on honesty
"What can I know? What ought I to do? What can I hope?"
Kant, Immanuel on hope
"Out of timber so crooked as that from which man is made nothing entirely straight can be carved."
Kant, Immanuel on humankind
"Intuition and concepts constitute... the elements of all our knowledge, so that neither concepts without an intuition in some way corresponding to them, nor intuition without concepts, can yield knowledge."
Kant, Immanuel on instinct
"By a lie, a man...annihilates his dignity as a man."
Kant, Immanuel on lies and lying
7 fans of this quote
"Live your life as though your every act were to become a universal law."
Kant, Immanuel on life
4 fans of this quote
"Morality is not the doctrine of how we may make ourselves happy, but how we may make ourselves worthy of happiness."
Kant, Immanuel on morality
4 fans of this quote
"All the interests of my reason, speculative as well as practical, combine in the three following questions: 1. What can I know? 2. What ought I to do? 3. What may I hope?"
Kant, Immanuel on philosophers and philosophy
"Seek not the favor of the multitude; it is seldom got by honest and lawful means. But seek the testimony of few; and number not voices, but weigh them."
Kant, Immanuel on popularity
"Nothing is divine but what is agreeable to reason."
Kant, Immanuel on reason
"Act as if the maxim of your action were to become through your will a general natural law"
Kant, Immanuel on action
"All thought must, directly or indirectly, by way of certain characters, relate ultimately to intuitions, and therefore, with us, to sensibility, because in no other way can an object be given to us."
Kant, Immanuel on thoughts and thinking
"Two things fill me with constantly increasing admiration and awe, the longer and more earnestly I reflect on them: the starry heavens without and the moral law within."
Kant, Immanuel on science
"Give me matter, and I will construct a world out of it!"
Kant, Immanuel on uncategorised
"There is, therefore, only one categorical imperative. It is: Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law. "
Kant, Immanuel on uncategorised
Take a look at recent activity on QB!
Search Quotations Book
Photos >>
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:18:20.000Z
|
bqletrlosha7ftngjsehbqzfo6nzra2f
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:36974",
"uncompressed_offset": 182611435,
"url": "redsarmy.com/tag/featured/page/84/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://redsarmy.com/tag/featured/page/84/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
featured
Your Morning Dump… Where KG wants the Celtics to hunt like hyenas
Every morning, we compile the links of the day and dump them here… highlighting the big storyline. Because there’s nothing quite as satisfying as a good morning dump. “Hyenas. Running in packs means that we help each other,” he (Garnett) said. “Since I’ve been here, we’ve built the code on what these great organizations have [...]
November 3, 2012 Chuck - Red's Army Celtics News, Kevin Garnett, The Morning Dump 13
How we see it goin’ down: Celtics – Bucks
Tip: 7:30 PM Court: TD Garden Watch it: CSN Hear it: WEEI Referees: Bill Spooner, David Jones, Violet Palmer Get your tickets here The Matchup Record: 0-1 Record: (2011-12) 31-35 At Home (2011-12): 24-9 On the road: (2011-12) 14-19 Streak: Lost 1 Streak: 0 2011-12 Leaders 2011-12 Leaders Buckets: Pierce (19.4 ppg) [...]
November 2, 2012 Chuck - Red's Army Gametime, Previews 14
Your Morning Dump… Where the C’s have a failure to communicate
Every morning, we compile the links of the day and dump them here… highlighting the big storyline. Because there’s nothing quite as satisfying as a good morning dump. “We’ve got to do a better job at talking to each other,” the captain said. “Transition defense is No. 1, matching up with our guys. I think that’s [...]
November 2, 2012 John - Red's Army Celtics News, The Morning Dump 6
Brandon Bass: “Best Bet Bass”
Brandon Bass is very passionate about his music. It’s a big part of his life, and he uses it to express himself. In this new video, we get a look at him in the studio. Bass’ producer/engineer/beat maker joins him… The clip contains snippets of some Brandon’s original songs intertwined with him speaking about how [...]
November 1, 2012 KWAPT Brandon Bass, Red's Army Multimedia, Videos 9
Rondo takes a shot at Wade’s “dirty” past
We’ve gone back and forth a bit about Rajon Rondo’s supposedly dirty play on Dwyane Wade… and whether Wade is one to talk. Well… Rajon Rondo weighed in in pure Rondo fashion… noting “I didn’t have any dirty plays like he’s had in the past.” Here’s the video, courtesy of Chris Forsberg: [...]
November 1, 2012 John - Red's Army Videos 10
Doc acknowledges Rondo needs to use his energy on offense
When you’ve got the skill set of a guy like Rajon Rondo, it’s easy to get knocked for not using all of those skills all the time. Often, people see these guys on the floor as NBA 2K characters rather than actual people who get tired. Unfortunately, we can’t turn off fatigue in these [...]
November 1, 2012 John - Red's Army Celtics News, Rajon Rondo 27
Your Morning Dump… Where Legler has no problem with Rondo’s hard foul on Wade
Every morning, we compile the links of the day and dump them here… highlighting the big storyline. Because there’s nothing quite as satisfying as a good morning dump. Much of the talk about Tuesday night centered on Rajon Rondo’s flagrant foul on Dwyane Wade in the closing seconds of the game. Legler did not have [...]
November 1, 2012 Chuck - Red's Army Celtics News, Rajon Rondo 17
More proof that Doc Rivers is simply a hell of a human being
Note: This is a serious piece that does not concern basketball very much and deals with mature subject matter. If you’re not mature enough to handle it, you can go away now. I implore you, though, to read my disclaimer at the bottom before making any comments on this piece. Doc Rivers has always [...]
October 31, 2012 John - Red's Army Celtics News, Doc Rivers 54
Photo gallery: Celtics-Heat NBA Opening Night
Celtics showed last night that despite all of their off-season acquisitions, they still have some work to do. Boston fell to Miami, 120-107. We got to see quite a few interesting pairs of kicks as Rondo & Jeff Green both wore a polarized pink colorway of the Nike Foamposite One. We also got another look [...]
October 31, 2012 KWAPT Brandon Bass, CeltKicks, Courtney Lee, Doc Rivers, Jason Terry, Jeff Green, Kevin Garnett, Paul Pierce, Post Game Galleries, Rajon Rondo, Red's Army Multimedia, The Team 1
Taking Stock: Celtics – Heat
After every game, we’ll take stock of how each individual performance affects the player’s overall value. Starters Rajon Rondo: The 20 points, 13 assists and 7 rebounds make for a spectacular line. The aggressive moves to the rim to get easy (or relatively easy for him) were great. He still had 4 turnovers and stretches [...]
October 31, 2012 John - Red's Army Taking Stock 14
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:19:47.000Z
|
t3x42z5lp4mmnksv7kou2gda3rhgef4d
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37001",
"uncompressed_offset": 217922954,
"url": "talk.maemo.org/showthread.php?p=1228644",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://talk.maemo.org/showthread.php?p=1228644"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Thread Tools Search this Thread
Posts: 130 | Thanked: 53 times | Joined on Jun 2011 @ Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
#171
Originally Posted by wsjhear
Yes. There is a QQ client (standalone app) in Chinese Model. But I think if there would be a QQ account plugin, which is just like skype, gtalk, etc, it'll be even better.
so QQ for china variant of N9 is not integrated to the system you mean?
Posts: 11 | Thanked: 1 time | Joined on Oct 2011 @ Taipei. Taiwan, R.O.C.
#172
Is there anyone who can successfully logon msn with some other ports like 80 or 443?
In my office, it seems like the port 1863 was blocked thus I cannot logon MSN through that. I've tried port 80 and 443 but neither of them worked. I have an old N900 and I could use msn-pecan to logon MSN with http method.
However, in my place where the port 1863 is not blocked the MSN still cannot work with neither 80 nor 443. But msn-pecan on N900 still works fine with those ports in my place.
Posts: 3,444 | Thanked: 2,282 times | Joined on Jan 2010 @ Israel
#173
same here.. Only 1863 work for me..
__________________
Lausanne & Lyon de descente...
----------------
Schturman home page
N9 QuickTweak - If you like my work, you can donate here
. Thanks!
Posts: 129 | Thanked: 24 times | Joined on Dec 2011
#174
Guys. Any apps with Myexplorer, ExtraPlugin no work 100%
But the soluction to Extraplugin UI work msn, yahoo, icq is here:
Open the terminal:
devel-su
write: mc-tool list
else search the "haze" and write it:
example:
mc-tool enable haze/msn/email_40hotmail_2ecom0
Go to avaliability and show the my msn example
Last edited by RafaelVlmendes; 07-03-2012 at 10:13 PM.
Posts: 101 | Thanked: 39 times | Joined on Jan 2012
#175
Is there any solution for sending Image/files over msn/icq/skype?
Posts: 565 | Thanked: 814 times | Joined on Sep 2010 @ Nevinnomyssk
#176
using services like dropbox isn't solution? sadly it's only known to me way for sending files
Posts: 101 | Thanked: 39 times | Joined on Jan 2012
#177
no i dont want to send to dropbox. Only direct to the people.
Posts: 8 | Thanked: 0 times | Joined on Aug 2012
#178
I have a strange problem with extraplugins and my msn account. Everything works perfect but it has a problem with yahoo messenger contacts (@yahoo.com). It shows them offline while they are in fact online! Has anyone encountered this problem? Despite that extraplugins is really great!
Thanks!
Posts: 3 | Thanked: 0 times | Joined on May 2012
#179
Originally Posted by Jeffrey04
so QQ for china variant of N9 is not integrated to the system you mean?
yes.
in the chinese variant, QQ is a standalone application. Not account plugin.
Thread Tools Search this Thread
Search this Thread:
Advanced Search
Forum Jump
All times are GMT -4. The time now is 04:19 AM.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:35:13.000Z
|
wvovpyjiuyj5h5thybdl6dal6ldqhzea
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37022",
"uncompressed_offset": 254674601,
"url": "www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs%40.nsf/Latestproducts/5259.0Appendix42002-03?issue=2002-03&prodno=5259.0&tabname=Notes",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/5259.0Appendix42002-03?opendocument&tabname=Notes&prodno=5259.0&issue=2002-03&num=&view="
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Catalogue Number
5259.0 - Australian National Accounts: Information and Communication Technology Satellite Account, 2002-03
Latest ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 07/03/2006 First Issue
Page tools: Print Page Print All RSS Search this Product
APPENDIX 4 DATA SOURCES
INTRODUCTION
The ABS has invested considerable resources in establishing and maintaining a comprehensive, high quality suite of ICT statistics. These statistics provided the basic building blocks of the ICT satellite account. They were supported by ABS Balance of Payments (BOP) and International Trade data, and by the annual Economic Activity Survey (EAS) that collected a range of ICT-related data items for the reference year 2002-03.
The following diagram provides an overview of ABS statistics used in the ICT satellite account. It describes whether the source primarily provided financial or non-financial information, and whether the source supported supply-side or demand-side (or both) estimates of ICT.
The remainder of this section describes the main data sources used in the satellite account, along with details on the specific use made of each source.
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES SURVEY (ICTIS)
This is a biennial survey collecting data on the production and distribution of ICT goods and services by businesses in Australia. Its scope relates to a set of goods and services considered to be 'ICT' in nature. The scope of these products has been agreed to by major policy and industry organisations within Australia and is described in Appendices 2 and 3. This survey targets specific businesses where it is known that significant ICT production occurs, that is, those businesses recorded on the Australian Business Register (ABR) which are classified to the group of ANZSIC classes as described in Appendix 2.
By targeting these industries (manufacturers of ICT goods, wholesalers of ICT goods, and providers of computer hardware and software-related services and telecommunication services) ICTIS captures information on the most significant producers of ICT products in Australia. However, by restricting the scope to a relatively narrow range of industries, ICTIS does not capture ICT-related activity where such activity is a secondary activity of a business.
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY SURVEY (EAS)
The ABS conducts an economy-wide annual survey (EAS) covering non-general government units. Data directly collected by the ABS are combined with income tax data provided by businesses to the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) to create a comprehensive data source. The survey collects a range of data, including details on business income, expenses and capital formation. Results are produced by ANZSIC industry and are a key input to the core national accounts.
EAS also provided information on business usage of ICT-related products. EAS 2002-03 collected the following ICT-related data items: telecommunication expenses; expenses related to ICT contractors and consultants; computer software purchases expensed; computer software purchases capitalised (including, separately, capitalised own account computer software); and capital expenditure on communications equipment and computer hardware (including computer peripherals).
GOVERNMENT TECHNOLOGY SURVEY (GTS)
Australia is one of the few countries that comprehensively measures the use of ICT by general government units. Government Technology (cat. no. 8119.0) presents data on use of ICT by federal, State/territory and local general government organisations. GTS 2002-03 was a significantly enhanced collection in comparison to previous ABS surveys of ICT use by general government and collected a similar range of ICT data to EAS 2002-03. Significantly, the scope of GTS 2002-03 was extended to include general government educational organisations.
The following data items were used in the ICT satellite account: ICT employment; telecommunication expenses; expenses related to ICT contractors and consultants; computer software purchases expensed; computer software purchases capitalised (including, separately, capitalised own account computer software); capital expenditure on communication equipment; and capital expenditure on computer hardware (including computer peripherals).
HOUSEHOLD USE OF IT SURVEY (HUIT)
Household use of Information Technology (cat. no. 8146.0) publications for 2002 and 2003 presented a range of information related to household use of computers, the Internet and other technologies. This information was used to support assumptions made in various modelling exercises conducted in the compilation of the satellite account, and in validating ABS Household Expenditure Survey (HES) estimates of household spending on ICT products. HUIT does not collect data on household spending on ICT and so otherwise had limited use in the satellite account.
BUSINESS USE OF IT SURVEY (BUIT)
Business Use of Information Technology (cat. no. 8129.0) publications for 1997-98, 1999-2000 and 2002-03 presented a range of information on business use of computers, the Internet and other technologies. BUIT information was used to show changes in business use of selected technologies, by industry, across a number of years. BUIT does not collect information on business spending on ICT and so otherwise had limited use in the satellite account.
INTERNET ACTIVITY SURVEY (IAS)
The Internet Activity Survey is a census of Internet Service Providers (ISPs), now conducted annually, that collects details on various aspects of Internet access services. It provides information on the number and characteristics of Internet subscribers and on the volume of data downloaded - by access technology and by subscriber type.
IAS does not collect financial information, which limited its use in the ICT satellite account. However, it provided data used in estimating the breakdown of ISP spending between household and non-household units.
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE
The ABS compiles statistics on the import and export of goods using information supplied by exporters and importers (or their agents) to the Australian Customs Service (ACS). Information on the import and export of services is sourced from the ABS Survey of International Trade in Services. For imports and exports of ICT products, the range of goods and services considered to be 'ICT' is consistent across ICTIS, the ICT satellite account and ABS Balance of Payments and International Trade.
SURVEYS OF RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT (R&D)
The ABS collects information on business and government R&D expenditure across major R&D fields. The R&D fields of relevance to the ICT satellite account are: computer software; communication technologies; and other information, computing and communication sciences.
HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE SURVEY (HES)
Household Expenditure Survey: Detailed Expenditure Items, 2003-04 (cat. no. 6535.0.55.001) presents information about the expenditure, income and characteristics of households resident in private dwellings throughout Australia for 2003-04. HES data supported the following estimates of HFCE in the satellite account: computer hardware; telecommunication equipment; packaged computer software; Internet provider services; and other telecommunication services.
HES and the satellite account relate to different reference periods, however no adjustment has been made to account for the likely price and volume effects. These effects are difficult to accurately account for and the combined price and volume impact is thought to be relatively small.
LABOUR FORCE SURVEY (LFS)
LFS supplies key data on ICT-related employment. It collects employment data by occupation type and by industry of employment. These data are of interest in their own right and also supported modelling exercises used to generate estimates of own account production of computer software in the satellite account.
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:20:07.000Z
|
b4gthrv3e64wit2clpyyni374os6f56b
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37023",
"uncompressed_offset": 254684476,
"url": "www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs%40.nsf/Previousproducts/6523.0Main%20Features9991999-2000?issue=1999-2000&prodno=6523.0&tabname=Summary",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Previousproducts/6523.0Main%20Features9991999-2000?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=6523.0&issue=1999-2000&num=&view="
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
6523.0 - Income Distribution, Australia, 1999-2000
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 27/02/2001
Page tools: Print Page Print All RSS Search this Product
ABOUT THIS RELEASE
Previously: Survey of Income and Housing Costs and Amenities: Income Distribution: Income Units, Australia. Released under that title for 1990. Current title used for 1994-95 issues onwards.
Details are presented on the distribution of income in Australia, data on the various characteristics of households (married couple, one parent and one-person units), their composition, and the principal source of income, age and employment status of reference person.
Irregular from 1978-79 to 1990. Annual as from 1994-95. Biannual from 2001.
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T07:47:54.000Z
|
64d553ypqngkkftciuqtjyy745qjal4y
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37025",
"uncompressed_offset": 254698602,
"url": "www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs%40.nsf/Lookup/2901.0Chapter29602011",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/2901.0Chapter29602011"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Catalogue Number
2901.0 - Census Dictionary, 2011
Latest ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 23/05/2011
Page tools: Print Page RSS Search this Product
Divorced
See Registered Marital Status (MSTP).
Previous PageNext Page
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:47:46.000Z
|
7fvlswaloklgrjhyeokjnsmdsjov2cg5
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37031",
"uncompressed_offset": 296800783,
"url": "www.bizsugar.com/user/profile/moneymatters",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://www.bizsugar.com/user/profile/moneymatters"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Ooops! You have arrived on a page that does not exist!
It may have been removed or you may have arrived here by using a bad URL
Try searching for the article you are looking for, visit the BizSugar Homepage to see the most recent stories, or use the Sitemap to find what you're looking for.
Search
Subscribe
David Leonhardt: SEO Small Business Writer
Meet David Leonhardt, our most recent BizSugar "Contributor of the Week" on Facebook. It's a little recognition we … More
Editor's Picks
See if you're one of our Top 10 Members this week!
Got small business blog posts? Register and submit them today!
Shazam! Meet Contributor of the Week Paul Cox...Congrats, Paul!
Add BizSugar buttons and plugins to your small biz toolkit!
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:21:37.000Z
|
55kvt6bt7uapt7dzibuvzvg5nqz4voev
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37044",
"uncompressed_offset": 378745405,
"url": "www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/index.php?oldid=17260&title=Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/index.php?title=Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&oldid=17260"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Democratic Republic of the CongoEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Revision as of 22:48, 23 March 2008 by DiltsGD (Talk | contribs)
Contents
Featured Article
Formerly the Belgian colony of the Belgian Congo, the country's post-independence name was the Republic of the Congo until August 1, 1964, when its name was changed to Democratic Republic of the Congo (to distinguish it from the neighboring Republic of the Congo). On October 27, 1971, then-President Mobutu renamed the country Zaire, from a Portuguese mispronunciation of the Kikongo word nzere or nzadi, which translates to "the river that swallows all rivers." Following the First Congo War which led to the overthrow of Mobutu in 1997, the country was renamed Democratic Republic of the Congo. See https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cg.html
Contribute Content
Articles that Need Editing
• Article 1
• Article 2
• Article 3
New Articles Needed
• coming soon...
Did You Know?
• Congo means hunter.
Popular Discussions
• AFR-CONGO. A mailing list for anyone with a genealogical interest in the Republic of the Congo. To subscribe send "subscribe" to afr-congo-l-request@rootsweb.com (mail mode) or afr-congo-d-request@rootsweb.com (digest mode).
Useful Websites
Featured Training Modules
• coming soon...
Need additional research help? Contact our research help specialists.
Need wiki, indexing, or website help? Contact our product teams.
Did you find this article helpful?
You're invited to explain your rating on the discussion page (you must be signed in).
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T07:43:01.000Z
|
g7g7vrsoznxwhoijfmdkwpspdl7hpqee
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37045",
"uncompressed_offset": 378757400,
"url": "www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/index.php?diff=prev&oldid=1239516&title=Hamblen_County%2C_Tennessee",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/index.php?title=Hamblen_County,_Tennessee&oldid=1239516&diff=prev"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Hamblen County, Tennessee
From FamilySearch Wiki
(Difference between revisions)
m (Text replace - "usgwarchives.org" to "usgwarchives.net")
(map)
Line 179: Line 179:
== Resources ==
== Resources ==
+
[[Image:Tnhamblen.png|thumb|right|400px]]
==== Getting Started ====
==== Getting Started ====
Revision as of 02:26, 8 February 2013
United States Tennessee Hamblen County
Hamblen County, Tennessee genealogy and family history research page. Guide to Hamblen County (established 1870) genealogy, history, and courthouse sources including birth records, marriage records, death records, census records, wills, deeds and land records, Civil War records, Revolutionary War records, family histories, cemeteries, churches, tax records, newspapers, and obituaries.
Tennessee
Online Records
Hamblen County, Tennessee
Map
Location in the state of Tennessee
Location of Tennessee in the U.S.
Facts
Founded: June 9, 1870
County Seat Morristown
Courthouse
Adopt-a-wiki page
This page adopted by:
TNGenWeb Project
who welcome you to contribute.
Adopt a page today
Contents
Quick Dates
Hamblen County's civil records start the following years:[1]
Birth Marriage Death Census Land Probate
1908 1872 1908 1880 1870 1872
County Courthouse
Hamblen County Courthouse
511 W 2nd N Street
Morristown, TN 37814
Phone: 423.586.9112
County Clerk has marriage and probate records from 1870.
Clerk and Master has divorce records.
Clerk Circuit Court has court records.
Register of Deeds has land records. [2]
Hamblen County Courthouse, Morristown, Tenn.
Hamblen County Courthouse
511 West Second North Street
Morristown, TN 37814
Phone: 1-423-586-9112
Hamblen County Clerk
Marriage records
511 West Second North St.
Administrative Building, 2nd floor
Morristown, TN 37814
Phone: 1-423-586-1993
Hamblen County Chancery Court Clerk
Probate records
511 West Second North St.
Morristown, TN 37814
Phone: 1-423-586-9112
Hamblen County Circuit Court Clerk
Court records
Hamblen County Justice Center
510 Allison St.
Morristown, TN 37814
Phone: 1-423-586-5640
Hamblen County Register of Deeds
Land records
511 West Second North St.
Administrative Building, 3rd floor
Phone: 1-423-586-2505
Hours:
Mon.-Thurs. 8 a.m.-4:30 p.m.
Fri. 8 a.m.-5 p.m.
History
In the 1780s, this county's land fell within the bounds of the State of Franklin.
East Tennessee county established in 1870. From 1784 to 1788, this land was claimed by the abortive, and short-lived State of Franklin.
Hamblen County is named after Tennessee pioneer Hezekiah Hamblen.[3]
The land which eventually became Hamblen County was first organized by the State of Franklin in March 1786 from parts of Greene and Sullivan counties under the name of Spencer later Hawkins County, and from part of Greene County under the name Caswell County.[4][5]However, the Franklin statehood effort faded by 1789. Spencer and Caswell counties existed only briefly, their legality is questionable, and little trace remains.
The records of lost Spencer County are now found on the Wiki
The records of lost Caswell County are now found on the Wiki
North Carolina and the Southwest Territory did not recognize any of Franklin's new counties. Later in 1786 the North Carolina legislature created a parallel-county of Franklin's Spencer County and called it Hawkins County. It was known by both county names while Frankln's statehood efforts lasted up to 1788.[5] Since then the land on which the lost county of Spencer County was located has been called Hawkins County, Tennessee.
In 1792 the Southwest Territory using land from its Greene and Hawkins counties erected a new county named Jefferson County.[5] In 1796 all these lands also became part of the new State of Tennessee, and Grainger County was split off from Hawkins County.
In 1870 Tennessee used parts of Hawkins, Grainger, and Jefferson counties to form Hamblen County.[6]
Parent County
1870--Hamblen County was created 8 June 1870 from parts of Grainger, Jefferson, and Hawkins Counties.
County seat: Morristown[7]
County Pronunciation
1. Hear it spoken[8] (female)
2. Hear it spoken[9] (male)
Boundary Changes
"Rotating Formation Tennessee County Boundary Maps" (1777-1985) may be viewed for free at the My Tennessee Genealogy website. They rely on AniMap 3.0 software.
Record Loss
Records are complete.
Places / Localities
Populated Places
Alpha Havley Springs Pineville Sunset Hills
Alpha Heights Hillcrest Ridgeview Susong
Barton Springs Jaybird Roe Tigertown
Bright (hist.) Lakemoore Roe Junction Union Heights
Cain Mill Lakeview Rolling Hills Whitesburg
Cheeks Crossroads Marguerite Russellville Witt
Chuckey Bend (hist.) Morristown Silver City
Fernwood Needmore Springvale
Hales Crossroads Panther Creek (hist.) Sulphur Springs
Neighboring Counties
Resources
Getting Started
Use the free Search for Surnames at Mountain Press's website to quickly search a variety of published Hamblen County biography, cemetery, and marriage records. To determine which books are being searched, or to search each publication's index individually, click here. You are now equipped with a checklist of books to pull off the shelves at a genealogy library, or a wish list for your personal book collection.
Research Guides
African American
United States African Americans Tennessee African Americans
Cemeteries
Tennessee cemetery records often identify birth, death, relationship, and military information, as well as religious affiliation.
The Tennessee Cemeteries page provides explanations of the following online resources:
Bibliographies Online Gravestone Transcriptions Cemetery Gazetteers
FHLC Find A Grave | national search | county list ePodunk
WorldCat
TNGenWeb Cemetery Database
USGenWeb Tombstone Transcription Project
Hamblen Co., TNGenWeb Project
Interment.net
Published Hamblen County cemetery records:
Census
1880, 1900, 1910, 1920, and 1930 federal population censuses of Hamblen County are available online. For tips on accessing census records online, see Tennessee Census. If you're having trouble finding your ancestors in online indexes, try checking printed indexes. Created by local experts familiar with the area's families, these indexes are often transcribed more accurately than nationwide online indexes.
See Tennessee Population Schedule Indexes: Fiche, Film, or Book for more information about statewide printed indexes.
1880
Church
Baptist
• DeBoard, George Mitchell et al. Personal Records of a Minister: Rev. George Mitchell DeBoard, Grainger County, Tennessee; Includes Many People from Hancock, Hawkins and Hamblen Counties, Tennessee). Dallas, Texas: H.P. Garner, 2001?. FHL US/CAN Book 976.8932 K2d.
Court
Family Histories
It is anticipated that this bibliography will eventually identify all known family histories published about residents of this county. Use this list to:
• Locate publications about direct ancestors
• Find the most updated accounts of an ancestor's family
• Identify publications, to quote Elizabeth Shown Mills, about an ancestor's "FAN Club" [Friends, Associates, and Neighbors]
General
As of August 2010, a query for persons born in Hamblen, Tennessee at World Connect, results in more than 6,800 entries.
Bibliography
Land
The original Hamblen County Deed Books are held at the County Courthouse. In the 1970s, the TSLA microfilmed Deed Books 1-10 (1870-1891) and Indexes (1870-1952). Copies of their films are available at the Family History Library: FHL US/CAN Films 969627-969633.
Local Histories
Maps
Military
Revolutionary War
• Russellville, Brief History of Soldiers, 1776+, Tennessee Ancestors, Vol. 18, No. 2 (Aug. 2002).
War of 1812
Civil War
Civil War service men from Hamblen County served in various regiments. Men often joined a regiment or a company (within a regiment) that originated in their county. Listed below are the military units that were formed in or had many men from Hamblen County.
Confederate Soldiers
Union Soldiers
Additional sources for Civil War soldiers from Hamblen County:
Civil War Battles
The following Civil War battle was fought in Hamblen County.
Map showing Civil War battles in Tennessee.
Newspapers
Many Tennessee newspapers are filmed and available at the TSLA. Most of these newspapers may be accessed by interlibrary loan to libraries within Tennessee, although there are some newspapers which are not available in or outside of Tennessee. For further information regarding interlibrary loan policies and newspapers not available for interlibrary loan click here. For a list of newspapers available at the archives for Hamblen County click on the following cities or towns:
Occupations
• Miller, Alan N. East Tennessee's Forgotten Children: Apprentices from 1778 to 1911. Baltimore, Md.: Printed for Clearfield Company, Inc., by Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 2000. FHL US/CAN 976.8 U2m. Digital version at World Vital Records ($). Purchase at Genealogical.com. [Includes Hamblen County.]
• Blomquist, Ann Kicker Cheek's Cross Roads, Tennessee, store journal 1802-1807 Baltimore, Maryland : Gateway Press, c2001 FHL book 976.8923 U3b. Digital version available at FamilySearch Books Online.
Periodicals
Tap into the minds of local experts. Editors of genealogical periodicals publish unique sources that researchers who are new to their area would not likely discover. This type of material may be found in local, regional, or statewide genealogical society journals. The following periodicals cover this county:
Ansearchin' News
Genealogical articles with abstracts of records of Hamblen County, Tennessee have been published in Ansearchin' News, the quarterly magazine of the Tennessee Genealogical Society. To view a list of these articles, visit their county index. To read digitized versions of the first 36 years of articles (Vols. 1-36), browse their archive or conduct a surname search. The Family History Library has a complete collection of the Ansearchin' News quarterly FHL US/CAN Book 976.8 B2a.
East Tennessee Roots
A genealogical article with abstracts of Hamblen County, Tennessee records has been published in East Tennessee Roots (10 vols.). A subject index to this publication's articles is available online. Surname indexes to Volumes 9 and 10 are also available online. The Family History Library has collected most issues of East Tennessee Roots FHL US/CAN Book 976.8 D25e.
Hamblen Heritage
Family History Library has Volume 1 - 13 (1986 - 1998) FHL US/CAN book 976.8923 B2h
Hamblen Heritage is indexed in PERiodical Source Index (PERSI)
Private Papers
• Diary and Scrapbook of Catherine (Kate) Livingston, 1857-1868, Hamblen County, Tennessee. Typescript, Tennessee State Library, Nashville, Tenn. FHL US/CAN Film 24670 Item 3.
Probate
The original Hamblen County Loose Wills are held at the County Archives. In 2007, the Genealogical Society of Utah microfilmed these records, date range: 1870 to 1974: FHL/VAULT US/CAN Film 1669931-1669932, 1669941 Item 1.
FamilySearch has placed scans of the following records online in the Tennessee, Probate Court Books, 1795-1927 collection. These are browse-only collections. Handwritten indexes may be found at the front or back of some volumes:
• Wills 1870-1974
Taxation
The original Hamblen County Tax Books 1877-1889 (gaps) are held at the County Courthouse. In the 1970s, the [[Tennessee_State_Library_and_Archives|TSLA] ]microfilmed these records. A copy of their film is also available at the Family History Library: FHL US/CAN Film 969637.
The following Hamblen County tax resources have been abstracted:[11]
• [1860] Morristown Property Tax, 1860, Hamblen Heritage. Morristown TN: Spring 2000. Vol. 15 Iss. 2.
• [1890] 1890 Tax Book - Hamblen County, Tennessee. Purchase through Hamblen County Archives.
• [1896] Delinquent Tax Payers Notice, 1896, Hamblen Heritage. Morristown TN: Summer 2007. Vol. 22 Iss. 3.
Vital Records
Divorce
In 1940 and 1941, W.P.A. workers pinpointed the location of Hamblen County divorce papers in diverse manuscript collections, see:
• W.P.A. Guide to Public Vital Statistics in Tennessee. Nashville, Tenn.: The Tennessee Historical Records Survey, 1941. FHL US/CAN Book 976.8 A3gp.
Death
• Tennessee Death Certificates 1908-1952 Free lookups available
• Williams, Marguerite White and Hamblen County Genealogical Society. Death Records of Hamblen County, Tennessee, 1902-1950. Morristown, Tenn.: Hamblen County Genealogical Society, 1995. FHL US/CAN Book 976.8923 V2h.
For deaths of Methodists in Hamblen County (or what later became Hamblen County) between the 1830s and the 1920s, try:
Societies and Libraries
Hamblen County Genealogical Society
P.O. Box 1213
Morristown, TN 37816-1213
Phone: 423-586-1961
East Tennessee Historical Society
601 S. Gay Street
P.O. Box 1629
Knoxville, Tennessee 37901-1629
Phone: 865-215-8824
Email: eths@east-tennessee-history.org
Morristown-Hamblen Public Library
417 West Main Street
Morristown, TN 37814
Phone: 423-586-6410
Hours: Mon., Wed., Fri., Sat. 9 am - 5:30 pm
Tuesday and Thursday 9 am - 8 pm
Family History Centers
This is not a mailing address. Due to limited staff, Family History Centers are unable to respond to mail inquiries.
Web Sites
Wikipedia has more about this subject: Hamblen County, Tennessee
References
1. Guide to Public Vital Statistics in Tennessee. Nashville, Tenn.: The Tennessee Historical Records Survey (W.P.A.), 1941; "Earliest County Records," Tennessee State Library and Archives.
2. Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed. (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), Hamblen County, Tennessee page 640, At various libr40ries (WorldCat); FHL Book 973 D27e 2002.
3. "List of counties in Tennessee," Wikipedia.
4. “State of Franklin” in The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture at http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/imagegallery.php?EntryID=F061 (accessed 27 June 2010).
5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Robert M. McBride, "Lost Counties of Tennessee," East Tennessee Historical Society's Publications 38 (1966): 4-5.
6. Alice Eichholz, ed. Red Book: American State, County and Town Sources, 3rd ed. (Provo, Utah: Ancestry, 2004), 637.
7. The Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed. (Draper, UT: Everton Publishers, 2002), 640. (FHL Collection Ref Book 973 D27e 2002). WorldCat entry.
8. Voice of Lynnae Weller, Kingsport, Tenn. (2010).
9. Voice of Gene Black, FamilySearch employee, former resident of Bristol, Tenn. (2010).
10. Heritage Preservation Services, Civil War Battle Summaries by State, (accessed 17 August 2012)
11. The Heritage Quest Online version of PERSI aided in the compilation of this list.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T09:05:21.000Z
|
sykcpyuqejb7keo7ffg7ok5delnth6ks
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37046",
"uncompressed_offset": 378786717,
"url": "www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/index.php?diff=747995&oldid=746427&title=Logan_Utah_Family_History_Center%2FResources",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/index.php?title=Logan_Utah_Family_History_Center/Resources&diff=747995&oldid=746427"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Logan Utah FamilySearch Library/Resources
From FamilySearch Wiki
(Difference between revisions)
m
m
Line 13: Line 13:
[[Image:Classroom at Logan FHC.jpg|thumb|right|250px]]
[[Image:Classroom at Logan FHC.jpg|thumb|right|250px]]
'''Class/Training Rooms'''
+
====Class/Training Rooms===
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
*'''Main room '''has 20 computer stations for hands-on use by class members plus a computer, projector and teaching station for the instructor.
*'''Main room '''has 20 computer stations for hands-on use by class members plus a computer, projector and teaching station for the instructor.
Revision as of 01:31, 21 September 2011
Logan FSL
Address
50 North Main
Logan, Utah
435-755-5594
ut_cache@ldsmail.net
Hours
Mon: 9:30 am – 5:00 pm
Tue-Thurs: 9:30 am – 9 pm
Fri - Sat: 9:30 am – 5 pm
FHC Pages
Home
Contact Information
Holiday Schedule
Calendar
Classes & Handouts
Tours & Group Activities
Conference
Resources
Services
Local Resources
Volunteer
Online Film Ordering
Contents
Hardware & Equipment
• 60 networked computer workstations with printer access
• Paper copier
• 10 microfilm readers
• 2 microfiche readers
• 1 microfiche/film scanner
• 2 flatbed scanners
• Audio and visual recording equipment for oral histories
=Class/Training Rooms
• Main room has 20 computer stations for hands-on use by class members plus a computer, projector and teaching station for the instructor.
• Second room has 10 computer stations for hands-on use by class members plus a computer, projector and teaching station for the instructor.
• Both classrooms have printer access for all stations.
Multimedia Center
Logan Family History Center has created an area where you can work with equipment consisting of a computer, scanner, printer and specialized software. With these resources you have the ability to:
• Scan photos and transfer them to a flash drive or to a DVD. You can also make printed copies.Use the software to edit, enhance, correct, add to, or delete unwanted material from a photo-graph. Spots, scratches, creases, faded colors and other defects can be easily corrected.
• Scan slides or negatives and print them on photo paper, or transfer them to your flash drive or DVD.
• Compose flyers, posters or other documents using the art and photo editing software.
• Create collages of photos and create photo albums. It is also possible to create different artistic effects on your photos such as borders, swirls, reflections and textures to name just a few. New photographs can also be "aged" by converting color photos to sepia, or black and white images.
• Convert your photo files from one format to another ie. tiff to jpeg or visa versa.
Don't worry if you are not sure how to do all of this, there are members of the Center staff who are trained in the use of this equipment, and they would be happy to help you!
Databases & Software
• Genealogy database software (Ancestral Quest, Family Insight, Family Tree Maker, Legacy, PAF, RootsMagic)
• Charting software (PAF Companion, Legacy Charting)
• Word processing, spreadsheet and presentation software such as Word, WordPerfect and OpenOffice (on selected machines)
• Photo editing software (IrfanView, Adobe Photo Shop Elements, HP Photo Smart Essential, MGI Photo Suite, ACD Foto Slate and Canon Zoombrowser EX).
• Pedigree Resource File (complete on server)
• Free access to several subscription sites through the FamilySearch Portal such as Ancestry.com, British Newspapers, Find-My-Past (UK), Footnote, Genline (Swedish), Heritage Quest, World Vital Records and others.
• Free internet access to the New England Historical and Genealogical Society (NEGHS) website
• Research aids such as Animap and Parish Locator
• Research databases such as Acadian-Cajun Family Trees, Austrailian Vital Records and Mormon Immigration Index.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:39:09.000Z
|
e2srs6psk776gfoi7yvfpglcrdb6bu2o
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37049",
"uncompressed_offset": 391726773,
"url": "www.forensicswiki.org/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics_%28PNG%29",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://www.forensicswiki.org/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics_(PNG)"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Portable Network Graphics (PNG)
From Forensics Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
Portable Network Graphics (aka PNG) is an image file format developed to replace GIF images on the web. It uses lossless compression and is thus not ideal for photographs. The types of images ideally suited for PNG are line-art, text, other graphics that have sharp transitions.
Format
A PNG file comprises "chunks" of data, some of which are mandatory and others of which are ancillary. Some ancillary chunks can contain metadata text or timestamps, but does not contain nearly as much metadata as exif images.
PNG files begin with the following 8-byte (hexadecimal) signature:
89 50 4E 47 0D 0A 1A 0A
See Also
External Links
Personal tools
Namespaces
Variants
Actions
Navigation:
About forensicswiki.org:
Toolbox
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T09:01:27.000Z
|
274gcboo2sfysslro4sebe3qdrggb5bf
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37052",
"uncompressed_offset": 408660122,
"url": "www.go4expert.com/forums/ie-help-t10221/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://www.go4expert.com/forums/ie-help-t10221/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
IE Problem BIG!!! HELP Please!
Know what you can do.
24Apr2008,17:51 #1
Hi all, I have a problem at my company, the computers are all running windows XP Pro and Internet explorer but when the computers type in a URL of a website (Any website) it goes to MSN and only gives out search results with links to the website, but when they click on the link it shows that it cannot show the page or cannot open the search page?? How can I fix that? I thought that installing firefox will solve the problem but I need to be sure about that before I do. The branch is far and I need to have a couple more solutions than only firefox before I go there. Please help me ASAP! Thank you.
Go4Expert Founder
24Apr2008,18:25 #2
Why don't you install FF on a PC and see if it works.
Ambitious contributor
26Apr2008,10:49 #3
Also,from all programs,choose IE +tools and change the homepage.Also look into the internet connections,somebody must a reset them.
just my 2 cents
Pssst= IE is not as safe as FF. Too many exploits wherever you browse.
Also,may i recommend Opera,now you can edit cookies
Regards
Noz
Know what you can do.
29Apr2008,12:21 #4
I now that FF is safer and all, and I can edit cookies with FF but the thing is that I need to be sure that my solution will work before I drive all the way out to the branch office... But thanx. I will just install FF.
Invasive contributor
27May2008,14:45 #5
If u wanna browse in a very secured way. U can try using "Browzar". The whole exe file is around 200KB. NO need to install anything. It doesn's saves anything (History, cookie, etc) in the Local disk. I'm not sure that sites that needs cookies to be enable like Gmail works with this or not.
CHeck---> out
Ambitious contributor
13Jun2008,14:03 #6
I am using FF such a long time and it works good with me, hope it will helps to solve your problem.
Go4Expert Member
11Jul2008,11:22 #7
I switched from Internet Exploer to Firefox Recently and its 2x as fast and runs alot smoother.
Go4Expert Member
12Jul2008,01:22 #8
I've been such a foul when i accepted the update to IE 7 .. don't make the same mistake .. use FF.
Skilled contributor
1Aug2008,11:31 #9
i think it depends upon you.How much security measures you take while browsing. IE 7/8 can be safe too. If you say FF is safe. Let me tell you Mozilla regularly updating security flaws in FF, same thing is with IE too. FF is free basically and more customizable, that;s why it is getting popular. More you Customize the FIREFOX, more memory will it take. More over, some extensions are also use virus ways to access ur pc. FoxTorrent Extension is one of such examples.If I am wrong somewhere, do let me know. It wud help me to update myself.
Skilled contributor
2Aug2008,14:07 #10
I suggest Reinstall jst your IE, it will fixed
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:47:16.000Z
|
2jgiecu6vbqaixsmdph3h2r3xlhxtezh
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37053",
"uncompressed_offset": 413226452,
"url": "www.grandtheftwiki.com/Larry",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://www.grandtheftwiki.com/Larry"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Larry
From Grand Theft Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
For other characters of the same name, see Larry Joe, Larry Kerr, Larry Ligner or Larry Lion.
Larry was scheduled to be a character in the Grand Theft Auto series who was dropped during the development of Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas. Larry is a member of the Las Venturas Police Department who has his HPV-1000 police bike stolen during the mission Cop Wheels.
External link
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T07:46:08.000Z
|
b5p7j2psoqj4xcx6x7w7f76t4m2jk4cj
|
{
"content_type": "application/xhtml+xml",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37055",
"uncompressed_offset": 424448872,
"url": "www.hindawi.com/journals/ijfr/2012/150157/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijfr/2012/150157/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
About this Journal Submit a Manuscript Table of Contents
International Journal of Forestry Research
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 150157, 15 pages
doi:10.1155/2012/150157
Research Article
Yield Responses of Black Spruce to Forest Vegetation Management Treatments: Initial Responses and Rotational Projections
Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada P6A 2E5
Received 9 June 2011; Revised 17 August 2011; Accepted 4 October 2011
Academic Editor: John Sessions
Copyright © 2012 Peter F. Newton. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to (1) quantitatively summarize the early yield responses of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) to forest vegetation management (FVM) treatments through a meta-analytical review of the scientific literature, and (2) given (1), estimate the rotational consequences of these responses through model simulation. Based on a fixed-effects meta-analytic approach using 44 treated-control yield pairs derived from 12 experiments situated throughout the Great Lakes—St. Lawrence and Canadian Boreal Forest Regions, the resultant mean effect size (response ratio) and associated 95% confidence interval for basal diameter, total height, stem volume, and survival responses, were respectively: 54.7% (95% confidence limits (lower/upper): 34.8/77.6), 27.3% (15.7/40.0), 198.7% (70.3/423.5), and 2.9% (−5.5/11.8). The results also indicated that early and repeated treatments will yield the largest gains in terms of mean tree size and survival. Rotational simulations indicated that FVM treatments resulted in gains in stand-level operability (e.g., reductions of 9 and 5 yr for plantations established on poor-medium and good-excellent site qualities, resp.). The challenge of maintaining coniferous forest cover on recently disturbed sites, attaining statutory-defined free-to-grow status, and ensuring long-term productivity, suggest that FVM will continue to be an essential silvicultural treatment option when managing black spruce plantations.
1. Introduction
The underlying objective of intensive forest management (IFM) is to increase the intrinsic productivity of the forest land base via the application of an integrated silvicultural regime involving the application of various temporal-spatial-specific treatment matrices encompassing intensive site preparation (e.g., mechanical scarification), plantation establishment including the use of genetically improved stock, eliminating competing vegetation via mechanical, chemical, or biological control mechanisms, continuous and active protection from insects and pathogens, and density management (e.g., maximizing product quality and quantity via initial spacing, precommercial thinning, and/or commercial thinning). At the forest level, these stand-level increases in productivity when translated into accelerated rates of development can be used to offset future wood supply deficits or increase the annual allowable cut through the annual allowable cut effect [1]. Although numerous case studies of individual experiments have clearly demonstrated the benefits of IFM treatments, collective summaries documenting the response of boreal species are limited. Consequently, as part of a larger quantitative synthesis regarding yield responses of boreal conifers to IFM treatments (e.g., tree improvement [2], forest fertilization [3], density management [4]), the objectives of this study were to (1) quantitatively summarize the early yield responses of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) to forest vegetation management (FVM) treatments through a meta-analytical review of the scientific literature, and (2) given (1), project rotational outcomes of these responses employing a modified variant of the comprehensive growth, yield, and wood quality simulator, CROPLANNER [5, 6].
FVM has been defined as the practice of preferentially allocating the finite environmental resources (e.g., solar radiation, nutrients, and water) of a given site towards the selected crop tree species and away from noncrop species via the suppression, reduction, or elimination of the unwanted competitors, in order to realize specified silviculture and/or forest management objectives (sensu Walstad and Kuch [7]; Wagner et al. [8]; Bell et al. [9]). FVM can increase the likelihood of successful plantation establishment and assist in attaining statutory-defined free-to-grow status. Conversely, without FVM, forest managers may have difficulty in realizing their stand-level timber management objectives given the negative effect of herbaceous and woody competitors on the growth and survival rates of various crop species. Historically, the dominant means for controlling competing vegetation in Canada has been through the use of herbicides (e.g., aerial applications of glyphosate [10]). However, concern regarding the potential negative impacts of herbicide applications on wildlife habitat and biodiversity has resulted in numerous studies exploring various alternatives (e.g., [1116]). Furthermore, the use of chemical herbicides has been prohibited in some regions (e.g., Canadian province of Quebec), and resistance to their use has been growing elsewhere (e.g., Europe [17]). Consequently, the focus of this study was to document the yield consequences of reducing or eliminating interspecific competitors on black spruce, irrespective of the actual control mechanism employed.
2. Method
2.1. Quantifying Early Yield Responses to FVM Treatments
Based on a meta-analytical approach, the analysis consisted of 4 sequential steps. Firstly, electronic databases were systematically searched for relevant publications using various keywords and phrases (e.g., combinations and permutations of the following terms: vegetation management treatments; black spruce, plantations; mechanical, chemical and biological release; brushing; herbicide, Vision; Roundup; glyphosate; Canadian Boreal and Great Lakes—St. Lawrence Forest Regions). These databases consisted of (1) SilverPlatter WebSPIRS (Ovid Technologies Inc., USA) which included Agricola, Biological Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, and TreeCD, (2) NRCan Forestry Library Catalogue (Natural Resources Canada), and (3) Science Direct Database and Scopus (Elsevier Science B.V.). Furthermore, the World Wide Web was similarly searched using Google Web Search and Google Scholar (Google Inc., CA, USA). Secondly, the identified studies were assessed for their specific applicability in terms of locality (Great Lakes—St. Lawrence, and/or Boreal Forest Regions of Canada), stand-type (upland black spruce), treatments (mechanical, chemical, or biological), yield parameters assessed (basal stem diameter, total stem height, total stem volume, and survival), and publication date (<2011). Thirdly, a subset of applicable studies was selected and their results summarized via the calculation of the grand mean effect size (response ratio) and associated 95% confidence intervals for each yield variate (Table 1). The responses associated with the maximum dosage of a specific chemical treatment (e.g., glyphosate, hexazinone, sulfonylurea, combination of 2,4-D, mecoprop, and dicamba) or the maximum removal for a specific mechanical treatment (e.g., brushing, clipping, extraction) were used. Fourthly, the linear association between effect size and the individual experimental factors, that is, number of annual sequential treatments (), initial year of treatment application relative to the year of seedling establishment ( (yr)), and length of the observation period relative to the year of seedling establishment ( (yr)), was examined through graphical and correlation analyses.
Table 1: Relative yield responses and associated experimental details ordered by number of sequential treatments , initial year of treatment application relative to the year of seedling establishment ( (yr)); and length of the observation period relative to the year of seedling establishment ( (yr)).
Computational formulae based on a meta-analytic approach were used throughout (Hedges and Olkin [31]; Hedges et al. [32]). Specifically, the grand mean response ratio of the jth yield variate ( (basal diameter), 2 (total height), 3 (stem volume), and 4 (survival)) was calculated using the mean logarithmic response ratio of the jth yield variate within the th experiment along with the reciprocal of the total unconditional variance estimate of , according to (1) wherewhere and are the logarithmic and arithmetic (%) relative response of the th yield variate within the th experiment associated with the th experimental factor set (time of treatment, number of treatments applied, and type of treatment), respectively, is the total number of response ratios observed for the th yield variate within the th experiment, is the mean value of the th yield variate within the treated plots within the th experiment associated with the th experimental factor set, is the mean value of the th yield variate within the untreated plots within the th experiment, is variation due to sampling of the th yield variate within the th experiment, is equal to the inverse of , and is the among-study variation associated with the th yield variate. The 95% confidence intervals for were first calculated according to (3) and then reexpressed in arithmetic terms: where is the 97.5% point of the standard normal distribution, and is the standard error of the weighted mean associated with the th yield variate. Note that the variance in response among treatments within an individual experiment was used as a surrogate measure of sample variation given the lack of studies reporting treatment-specific sample variation. Consequently, the resultant mean values and the associated confidence limits represent the average collective response of black spruce over a range of FVM treatments.
2.2. Modeling Long-Term Yield Responses
Responses to FVM treatments were assumed to follow a Type I growth response pattern (sensu [33]): a temporary increase in growth rate that advances the stage of stand development but does not change the inherent productivity of a site. Consequently, an approach analogous to the technique used to account for genetic worth effects in growth and yield projections was employed (i.e., genetic worth effect is quantified as the temporary and instantaneous increase in mean dominant height growth at the specified selection age which is thereafter proportionally discounted until rotation age [34]). Thus the FVM treatment effect was defined as the temporary and instantaneous increase in mean dominant height growth (; %) at a specified effect age (; yr) which thereafter proportionally declined until rotation age. Mathematically, the following script describes the computation: where is the dominant height (m) at time as predicted by the site-based height-age function, is the treatment-adjusted dominant height (m) at time , and is the rotation age (yr). Furthermore, in order to account for the effect of FVM treatments on survival, the annual mortality rate during the pre-crown closure period within the untreated stand was adjusted according to the following computational script: where is the grand mean survival response (%) occurring at a specified effect age (; yr), is the age of the untreated stand at crown closure, is the model-based predicted density (stems/ha) at time within the control stand, and is the annual increase in the mortality rate (stems/ha/yr) at time .
These modifications to the height and survival computations were then incorporated within the CROPLANNER decision-support model [5, 6]. Briefly, CROPLANNER is the algorithmic analogue of the structural stand density management model (SSDMM) which was developed for black spruce and jack pine stand-types through the expansion of the dynamic stand density management diagram modelling framework. Structurally, the model consists of a number of functional and empirical quantitative relationships, which collectively represent the cumulative effect of various underlying competition processes on tree and stand yield parameters. The temporal dependency of these processes is governed by the intensity of competition and site quality as expressed by relative density index and site index, respectively. Hence, the site-specific mean dominant height-age function largely governs the rate of stand development. Thus embedding the anticipated Type I response pattern within this function was considered a logical approach to modeling the effects of FVM treatments on growth. For a complete analytical description of the approach used in the development and calibration of the modular-based SSDMMs, refer to [5, 6].
3. Results
3.1. Early Responses and Their Correlation to Experimental Variables
Results from 12 experiments were used in the calculation of the grand mean response ratios and associated 95% confidence intervals. The author(s) of these studies were as follows: Wood and von Althen [21], Reynolds and Roden [19, 20], Wood and Mitchell [27], Jobidon and Charette [26], Jobidon et al. [24], Pitt et al. [18], Wagner et al. [25], Sutherland et al. [22], Sutherland and Foreman [23], Robinson et al. [28], Pitt et al. [29], and Fu et al. [35]. Experimentally, the studies differed in terms of the number of sequential treatments applied, initial year of treatment application relative to the year of seedling establishment, and length of the observation period relative to the year of seedling establishment: = 1.9 (min/max = 1/6), = 0.4 yr (−1/4), and = 6.7 yr (4/15). The mean percentage response for basal diameter, total height, stem volume, and survival across all experiments was, respectively, 66.9 (min/max//220.9/44), 29.3 (−1.6/96.0/43), 208.1 (68.6/470.7/25), and 2.5 (−37.7/47.6/37). Table 1 summarizes the characteristics of the selected studies in terms of their experimental design, type and number of sequential treatments applied, time of initial treatment relative to seedling establishment, duration of response period, effectiveness of the treatments, and mean responses observed.
The mean effect size and associated 95% confidence intervals for basal diameter, total height, stem volume, and survival were, respectively, 54.7% (95% confidence limits (lower/upper): 34.8/77.6), 27.3% (15.7/40.0), 198.7% (70.3/423.5), and 2.9% (−5.5/11.8). Hence, FVM treatments resulted in significant early gains in mean tree size. Linear correlation analysis revealed the following significant associations: (1) mean effect size for diameter (product-moment correlation coefficient () = 0.74) and volume () increased with increasing , and (2) mean effect size for height ( = −0.53) and survival ( = −0.38) decreased with increasing . These results suggest that early and repeated FVM treatments will yield the largest gains in terms of mean tree size and survival.
3.2. Long-Term Effects on Yield Outcomes and Stand Operability Status
The lower and upper limits of the 95% confidence interval for the mean percent gain in height growth () and the corresponding mean effect age (), along with the mean percent gain in survival () and the associated mean effect age (), were used as input to the modified CROPLANNER model. A conventional silvicultural regime applicable to the upland black spruce stand-type was simulated: planting 2100 seedlings per hectare on a scarified site was modeled over a 75-year rotation for a poor-medium quality site (site index = 14 [36]), and a 50-year rotation for a good-excellent (site index = 18 [36]) quality site. The objective underlying the FVM treatment was to reduce the time to operability status as defined by site-specific piece-size and merchantable volume productivity thresholds: 15 stems/m3 and 150 m3/ha for the lower site quality, and 10 stems/m3 and 200 m3/ha for the higher site quality. Three regimes were assessed on each site: (1) Regime 1 consisted of an untreated control stand in which the short-lived competitors (e.g., ericaceae plants, herbaceous forbs, shrubs, and small trees) were assumed to be eventually shaded out once crown closure status was achieved and hence the post-closure succession pattern followed that of monospecific plantation; (2) Regime 2 was subjected to an FVM treatment in which the response was assumed to follow the patterns described by the aforementioned scripts using the results from the meta-analysis; specifically, the (i) height growth increase was defined by the lower limit of the 95% confidence limit, that is, = 15.7%, which took effect at the specified of 7 yr, and (ii) survival increase was defined by the mean value derived from all the studies ( = 2.9%; = 7 yr); (3) Regime 3, similar to Regime 2, was subjected to an FVM treatment in which the (i) height growth response was defined by the upper limit of the 95% confidence limit, = 40.0%, taking effect at the specified of 7 yr, and (ii) survival increase was defined by the mean value derived from the studies ( = 2.9%; = 7 yr).
The resultant mean volume-density trajectories for each regime within the context of the CROPLANNER-based graphic are illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 for plantations situated on poor-medium and good-excellent site qualities, respectively. Although the graphics can be used to derive estimates of density, mean volume, total volume, quadratic mean diameter, basal area, and mean live crown ratio, for any age on a given trajectory via graphical interpolation, they are presented so that the general stand development implications of FVM treatments can be visualized and interpreted within the context of the widely used stand density management diagram. Contrasting the two diagrams reveals that the trajectories progressed through the size-density space at a greater rate on the good-excellent site than on the poor-medium site, irrespectively of treatments. The divergent mean volume-density trajectories among the regimes during the pre-crown closure period (i.e., portion of the trajectories that are below the crown closure line) are indicative of the greater mortality rate arising from interspecific competition effects within the control stands. Similarly, this differential in survival rate is carried forward until rotation age as evident from the separation of the control and treated trajectories during the post-crown closure period. In accordance with the Type I response pattern assumed in the model, all three regimes approached equivalence in terms of their size-density trajectories and associated yield-based productivity indices at rotation, as inferred from the approximate convergence of the size-density trajectories. However, it was evident from the annual progression within the trajectories that the treated regimes experienced an acceleration in the rate of their development during the post-treatment period.
Figure 1: Seventy-five year temporal size-density trajectories for upland black spruce plantations situated on low-medium quality sites (site index = 14): Regime 1—no FVM treatment applied; Regime 2—FVM treatment with an expected effect of a 15.7% height gain at age 7; and Regime 3—FVM applied with an expected effect of a 40.0% height gain at age 7. Graphically, illustrating the (1) isolines for mean dominant height (Hd; 4–20 m by 2 m intervals), quadratic mean diameter (Dq; 4–26 cm by 2 cm intervals), and mean live crown ratio (Lr; 35, 40, 50, …, 80%), and (2) crown closure line (lower boundary of the size-density space as delineated by the lower left diagonal solid line) and the self-thinning rule (upper boundary of the size-density space as delineated by the upper right diagonal solid line).
Figure 2: Fifty-year temporal size-density trajectories for upland black spruce plantations situated on good-excellent quality sites (site index = 18): Regime 1: no FVM treatment applied; Regime 2: FVM treatment with an expected effect of a 15.7% height gain at age 7; and Regime 3: FVM applied with an expected effect of a 40.0% height gain at age 7. Graphical denotations are given in Figure 1.
Figure 3 illustrates the predicted mean dominant height development with the FVM treatment effect incorporated. Based on the Type I response pattern, (1) height growth underwent an instantaneous acceleration at the specified effect age (7 yr) which then declined for the remaining portion of the rotation, and (2) from the point of treatment until rotation age, the productivity as measured by site height was always greater within the treated stands than that within the untreated stands. This increase in the rate of stand development resulted in crown closure occurring approximately 5 yr earlier within the treated stands, than within the control stands. Over the rotation, the effect of the increase in the rate of stand development and survival was to increase site occupancy and volumetric production, which translated into a substantial reduction in the time to operability status. Specifically, examining the temporal dynamics of the piece size-age (Figure 4) and the merchantable volume-age (Figure 5) relationships derived from the modified CROPLANNER model, indicated that the operability thresholds for the treated and control regimes were attained at (1) ages 39 and 45 for the 15 stems/m3 piece size threshold, respectively, and at ages 45 and 54 for the 150 m3/ha merchantable volume thresholds, respectively, on the poor-medium quality site (Figures 4(a) and 5(a), resp.), and (2) ages 33 and 37 for the 10 stems/m3 piece size threshold, respectively, and at ages 37 and 42 for the 200 m3/ha merchantable volume thresholds, respectively, on the good-excellent quality site (Figures 4(b) and 5(b), resp.). Thus relative to the untreated control stands, the earliest time that the treated stands reached the specified piece size and merchantable volume thresholds was approximately 9 yr less on the poor-medium site (earliest time at which both operability criteria were realized: 45 yr for the treated stands versus 54 yr for the control stand), and approximately 5 yr less on the good-excellent site (37 yr for the treated stands versus 42 yr for the control stand). These operability improvements suggest that substantial reductions in economic rotation lengths are possible with the application of early and repeated FVM treatments.
Figure 3: Type I response pattern as reflected in the mean dominant height-age relationship for poor-medium (a) and good-excellent (b) site qualities: Regime 1: no FVM treatment applied (solid line); Regime 2: FVM treatment with an expected effect of a 15.7% gain at age 7 (long-short dash line); and Regime 3: FVM applied with an expected effect of a 40.0% gain at age 7 (long-short-short dash line).
Figure 4: Type I response pattern as reflected in the piece size-age relationship for poor-medium (a) and good-excellent (b) site qualities. Regime denotations are given in Figure 3. Note that the intersection of the horizontal dotted line denoting the specified operability criterion with a production curve indicates the earliest age at which the piece size operability criterion is attained.
Figure 5: Type I response pattern as reflected in the merchantable volume-age relationship for poor-medium (a) and good-excellent (b) site qualities. Regime denotations are given in Figure 3. Note that the intersection of the horizontal dotted line denoting the specified operability criterion with a production curve indicates the earliest age at which the merchantable volume operability criterion is attained.
4. Discussion
Competition from interspecific herbaceous and woody competitors during the early stages of plantation development may involve a continuum ranging from a resource depletion to a preemption process (sensu [37]). The resource depletion process is a symmetrical relationship in which all species compete for belowground resources (e.g., all competitors acquire an equal share of the available nutrients and moisture on a per-unit size basis). Conversely, the resource preemption process is an asymmetrical relationship in which the larger-sized competitors acquire a greater size-proportional share of the aboveground resources than smaller-sized competitors (e.g., larger-sized competitors acquire a greater share of the solar-based resources than smaller-sized competitors on a per-unit size basis). FVM treatments are an effective method of minimizing the detrimental effects of these competition processes on the crop tree population via the selective elimination of interspecific competitors. However, the duration of the effect is dependent on the effectiveness of the FVM treatment applied in terms of reducing both the herbaceous and noncrop woody competitors. Based on a collective review of studies in the Pacific Northwest, Lake States, and Ontario, Wagner [38] suggested that removing interspecific woody competitors may only secure an increase in the order of 20–30% of early crop tree volume growth potential and hence achieving the remaining 70–80% will also require effective control of the herbaceous vegetation.
The results of this study indicated that relative to untreated control stands, mean basal diameter, total height, stem volume, and survival within treated stands, increased by 54.7%, 27.3%, 198.7%, and 2.9%, respectively. These responses correspond to the maximal treatment reported in the selected studies and consequently represent the best-case scenario, irrespective of the control mechanism employed. These empirical results are in accordance with the scientific consensus regarding the general effectiveness of FVM treatments on conifers [8, 39]: effective removable of competing vegetation results in initial increases in growth. The results also indicated that early and repeated treatments yielded the largest gains. The generalized responses are consistent with those reported in individual experiments which did not meet the selection criteria employed in this study. For example, Hoepting et al. [40] reported on 15 yr results for a set of Ontario-based black spruce plantations which were repeatedly treated from age 1 to 5 yr following planting. The best treatment, consisting of a single direct foliar application of 2 kg ai/ha of glyphosate, resulted in significant gains in basal diameter and total height of 50% and 30%, respectively, over untreated control plantations.
Although results from long-term empirical experiments have yet to provide a clear picture in regards to the permanency of FVM gains, the modelling approach as applied in this study, provided insight into a plausible range of yield outcomes at rotation under a conventional silvicultural regime. Results from some of the older black spruce experiments are starting to provide a preliminary perspective on the longer-term consequences of FVM treatments. Cyr and Thiffault [41] reported 22 yr post-treatment results for black spruce plantations which were mechanically released in the second year of their development. Results from this experiment indicated that the initial diameter and height gains observed at 5 yr post-treatment were still significant , although diminished in magnitude, by age 22. Significant survival gains (21.5%) were also evident; however they were not detected at the 5 yr post-treatment assessment. A similar pattern of decline was also reported by Hoepting et al. [40]. Collectively, these results suggest that untreated and treated plantations follow different developmental trajectories and thus support the modelling assumptions employed in this study. Specifically, in contrast to untreated control stands, FVM-treated stands exhibit an initial acceleration in growth which dissipates in magnitude over time.
Modelling has been used to project the consequences of yield gains arising from FVM treatments given the general lack of long-term experimental response data. The efforts have involved the employment of process-based and empirical models (e.g., benchmark yield curves [42]; forest vegetation simulator [43]). The approach utilized in this study consisted of modifying the CROPLANNER simulation model in order to account for changes in height growth and survival arising from FVM treatments through adjustments to the height growth and mortality elements of the model. These modifications were consistent with the postulated long-term effects of FVM treatments: a temporary increased in the rate of stand development and a reduction in the occurrence of suppression-related mortality during the pre-crown closure stage of stand development. Specifically, under the assumption that the response in height growth follows a Type I pattern after FVM treatments are applied, the site-based height-age function was modified accordingly. Although empirical-based results from long-term experiments for boreal species are currently insufficient in regards to empirically testing this assumption, early remeasurement data [41] and rotation length observations from other forest regions [44] do not contradict the hypothesis that FVM treatments result in an instantaneous increase in growth which dissipates over time.
The modeling approach proposed in this study is similar to procedure employed by South et al. [45] to project long-term yield gains of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) arising from FVM treatments. A graphical age-shift adjustment was made to the volume-age production curve in which the treated stand artificially advanced along the function for a specified number of years. This adjustment reflected the FVM treatment-induced acceleration in the rate of stand development which effectively resulted in a reduction in the time required to attain a specified volume threshold. Supporting empirical data consisting of 20 yr remeasurement data derived from 11 FVM studies revealed that the percentage difference in merchantable volume production between control and treated stands declined with age.
In addition to the Type I response in which the carrying capacity of a site is not increased due to treatment, Type II and III responses patterns in which carrying capacity increases and decreases, respectively, have been postulated for some specific species and site conditions. Richardson [44] hypothesized that radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) may exhibit a Type II pattern in situations where a competitor which is tolerant to low light conditions and competes aggressively for below ground resources (i.e., symmetric competition for moisture and nutrients) remains in the control stand until rotation. This ultimately could result in the degradation of site quality and result in a decline in the carrying capacity of the untreated control stand, relative to the treated stand. Conversely, a Type III pattern could conceivably arise in cases where a light intolerant competitor rapidly establishes itself on a control site and acquires the below ground resources that would normally be lost to leaching. Subsequently at the time of crown closure, the competitor could release these conserved nutrients upon decomposition, resulting in an increase in the rate of stand development. Thus in this situation, productivity may actually increase in the untreated stand relative to the treated stand. However, irrespective of these theoretical alternative response patterns, the existing empirical evidence largely supports the applicability of the Type I response pattern for modeling the yield consequences of FVM treatments (e.g., [41, 44]).
The modelled increase in survival until the point of crown closure for the treated stands assumes that the benefit of avoiding mortality of the crop tree species will only last until crown closure occurs. Considering that the principal competition on boreal sites has been characterized as consisting of short-lived ericaceae species (e.g., Kalmia angustrifolia L., Labrador tea (Rhododendron groenlandicum (Oeder) K. A. Kron and Judd), and blueberries (Vaccinium spp.)) which compete symmetrically for below-ground resources, and herbaceous forbs (e.g., fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium L.), small shrubs (e.g., red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), and small trees (e.g., mountain maple (Acer spicatum Lamb.), beaked hazel (Corylus cornuta Marsh.), and pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L. F.)) which compete asymmetrically for above-ground resources [16, 46], this was a reasonable assumption. Given that long-term experimental results are lacking to test this assumption and early survival gains reported during the pre-crown closure period are often characterized by considerable variation in terms of their magnitude and duration (e.g., [29, 41, 47]), the use of a constant but developmental-limited mortality rate (until crown closure) to account for survival differences, was considered a prudent approach.
The CROPLANNER simulation model used in this study does not explicitly account for the potential effect of competing vegetation on succession patterns within untreated stands. Basically, the model assumes that once crown closure is achieved, the competitors will be eventually shaded out and the untreated stand will return to a mostly monospecific condition (e.g., >90% black spruce in terms of basal area). Consequently, this assumption is only realistic if the population of competitors is comprised of short-lived ericaceous species, herbaceous forbs, small shrubs, and (or) small trees. Conversely, if woody competitors remained within the control plantations following crown closure (e.g., ≥10% of the basal area composed of interspecific woody competitors, such as trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides (Michx.)) and white birch (Betula papyifera (Marsh.)), then the uses of the model would result in an under estimation of the effects the FVM treatments. Bell et al. [42] attempted to project the long-term effects of FVM treatments on black spruce volume productivity using observed differences in net merchantable volume, diameter, density, and species composition between treated and control stands at 10 yrs post-treatment, in combination with a set of empirical benchmark yield curves. The assumption that species composition remained static from age 10 to a rotation age (60 yr) was implemented. The results suggested that the large differences in species composition at year 10 greatly influence the merchantable yield outcomes at year 60: the preferred net merchantable conifer volume on the treated plots was 152% (minimum–maximum: −55 to 670%) greater than that projected for the control plots (, values derived from the Nipigon Hele and Nipigon Corrigal experiments as reported in Table 7 of Bell et al. [42]). Similarly, Homagain et al. [43] employed the forest vegetation simulator in combination with a bucking algorithm to project 70 yr rotational effects of FMV treatments, in order to conduct a cost and benefit analysis for these same two experiments. Although the projection period differed by only 10 years between the studies (60 yr in Bell et al. [42] versus 70 yr in Homagain et al. [43]), the estimated merchantable yields were different. Homagain et al. [43] reported that the net merchantable preferred conifer volume on the treated plots was only 29% (minimum–maximum: 22–41%) greater than that projected for the control plots (, values derived from the Nipigon Hele and Nipigon Corrigal experiments as reported in Table 3 of Homagain et al. [43]). These differences highlight the variation in outcomes that can arise when using different modeling approaches and assumptions. The approach utilized in this study, in which FVM treatment effects are explicitly modelled in terms of height and survival gains based on a Type I response pattern, represents an alternative approach to modeling the long-term effects of FVM treatments. Nevertheless, although modeling provides a plausible range of outcomes to FVM treatments, the rotational consequences of FVM treatments will not be fully ascertained until remeasurement data from long-term experiments become available.
5. Conclusion
The results and associated inferences of this study clearly illustrated the important role FVM treatments can play in minimizing the negative yield consequences of interspecific competition on black spruce. Consequential gains in basal diameter, total height, stem volume, and survival were evident within the initial post-treatment period and when, projected over the rotation, resulted in gains in stand-level operability. However, the modelling assumptions used in these long-term projections still require empirical validation and hence these rotational effects should be considered tentative. Remeasurement data derived from long-term experiments are required to fully understand the growth response pattern and the magnitude of the yield gains possible through FVM treatments. Irrespective of the evolving shift from phytocidal chemicals to various nonchemical treatment alternatives [17, 47], the challenge of maintaining coniferous forest cover on recently distributed sites, attaining statutory-defined free-to-grow status, and ensuring long-term productivity, suggests that FVM will continue to be an essential silvicultural treatment option.
Acknowledgments
The author expresses his appreciation to the Forestry Research Partnership and the Ontario Living Legacy Trust, for fiscal support.
References
1. T. Erdle, “Forest level effects of stand level treatments: using silviculture to control the AAC via the allowable cut effect,” in Expert Workshop on the Impact of Intensive Forest Management on the Allowable Cut, P. F. Newton, Ed., pp. 19–30, Forestry Research Partnership, Canadian Ecology Centre, Mattawa, Ontario, Canada, 2001.
2. P. F. Newton, “Systematic review of yield responses of four North American conifers to forest tree improvement practices,” Forest Ecology and Management, vol. 172, no. 1, pp. 29–51, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
3. P. F. Newton and I. G. Amponsah, “Systematic review of short-term growth responses of semi-mature black spruce and jack pine stands to nitrogen-based fertilization treatments,” Forest Ecology and Management, vol. 237, no. 1–3, pp. 1–14, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
4. P. F. Newton, “Meta-analytical trends in diameter response of black spruce and jack pine to pre-commercial thinning,” in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Forest Measurements and Quantitative Methods and Management & The 2004 Southern Mensurationists Meeting, C. J. Cieszewski and M. Strub, Eds., pp. 217–223, Fiber Supply Assessment, Center for Forest Business, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga, USA, 2006.
5. P. F. Newton, “Development of an integrated decision-support model for density management within jack pine stand-types,” Ecological Modelling, vol. 220, no. 23, pp. 3301–3324, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
6. P. F. Newton, “A decision-support system for density management within upland black spruce stand-types,” Environmental Modelling & Software. In revision.
7. J. D. Walstad and P. J. Kuch, “Introduction to forest vegetation management,” in Vegetation Management For Conifer Production, J. D. Walstad and P. J. Kuch, Eds., pp. 3–14, John Wiley & Sons, Toronto, Canada, 1987.
8. R. G. Wagner, K. M. Little, B. Richardson, and K. McNabb, “The role of vegetation management for enhancing productivity of the world's forests,” Forestry, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 57–79, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
9. F. W. Bell, N. Thiffault, K. Szuba, N. J. Luckai, and A. Stinson, “Synthesis of silviculture options, costs, and consequences of alternative vegetation management practices relevant to boreal and temperate conifer forests: introduction,” Forestry Chronicle, vol. 87, no. 2, pp. 155–160, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
10. D. G. Thompson and D. G. Pitt, “A review of Canadian forest vegetation management research and practice,” Annals of Forest Science, vol. 60, no. 7, pp. 559–572, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
11. J. D. Walstad, M. Newton, and D. H. Gjerstad, “Overview of vegetation management alternatives,” in Forest Vegetation Management For Conifer Production, J. D.and Walstad and P. J. Kuch, Eds., pp. 157–200, John Wiley & Sons, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1987.
12. F. W. Bell, K. R. Ride, M. L. St-Amour, and M. Ryans, “Productivity, cost, efficacy and cost effectiveness of motor-manual, mechanical, and herbicide release of boreal spruce plantations,” Forestry Chronicle, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 39–46, 1997. View at Scopus
13. F. W. Bell, R. A. Lautenschlager, R. G. Wagner, D. G. Pitt, J. W. Hawkins, and K. R. Ride, “Motor-manual, mechanical, and herbicide release affect early successional vegetation in northwestern Ontario,” Forestry Chronicle, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 61–68, 1997. View at Scopus
14. J. A. Matarczyk, A. J. Willis, J. A. Vranjic, and J. E. Ash, “Herbicides, weeds and endangered species: management of bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata) with glyphosate and impacts on the endangered shrub, Pimelea spicata,” Biological Conservation, vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 133–141, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
15. V. Roy, N. Thiffault, and R. Jobidon, “Maîtrise intégrée de la végétation au Québec (Canada) : une alternative efficace aux phytocides chimiques,” Note de recherche forestière n° 123, Direction de la recherche forestière, Gouvernement du Québec, Québec, Canada, 2003.
16. N. Thiffault and V. Roy, “Living without herbicides in Québec (Canada): historical context, current strategy, research and challenges in forest vegetation management,” European Journal of Forest Research, vol. 130, no. 1, pp. 117–133, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
17. N. McCarthy, N. S. Bentsen, I. Willoughby, and P. Balandier, “The state of forest vegetation management in Europe in the 21st century,” European Journal of Forest Research, vol. 130, no. 1, pp. 7–16, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
18. D. G. Pitt, C. S. Krishka, F. W. Bell, and A. Lehela, “Five-year performance of three conifers stock types on fine sandy loam soils treated with hexazinone,” Northern Journal of Applied Forestry, vol. 16, pp. 72–81, 1999.
19. P. E. Reynolds and M. J. Roden, “Hexazinone site preparation improves black spruce seedling survival and growth,” Forestry Chronicle, vol. 71, pp. 426–433, 1995.
20. P. E. Reynolds and M. J. Roden, “Site preparation with sulfonylurea herbicides improves black spruce seedling growth,” Forestry Chronicle, vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 80–85, 1996.
21. J. E. Wood and F. W. von Althen, “Establishment of white spruce and black spruce in boreal Ontario: effects of chemical site preparation and post-planting weed control,” Forestry Chronicle, vol. 69, no. 5, pp. 554–560, 1993.
22. B. Sutherland, I. K. Morrison, F. F. Foreman, and P. E. Reynolds, “Response of black spruce seedlings and competitive vegetation following chemical and mechanical site preparation on a boreal mixedwood site in northern Ontario,” in Proceedings of the 3th International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management, G. Wagner and D. G. Thompson, Eds., pp. 326–328, Ontario Forest Research Institute, Ministry of Natural Resources, Government of Ontario, Ontario, Canada, 1998, Forest Research Information Paper no. 141.
23. B. Sutherland and F. R. Foreman, “Black spruce and vegetation response to chemical and mechanical site preparation on a boreal mixedwood site,” Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 1561–1570, 2000.
24. R. Jobidon, F. Trottier, and L. Charette, “Dégagement chimique ou manuel de plantations de l’épinette noire? Étude de cas dans la domaine de la sapinière à bouleau blanc au Québec,” Forestry Chronicle, vol. 75, no. 6, pp. 973–979, 1999.
25. R. G. Wagner, G. H. Mohammed, and T. L. Noland, “Critical period of interspecific competition for northern conifers associated with herbaceous vegetation,” Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 890–897, 1999.
26. R. Jobidon and L. Charette, “Effets, après 10 ans, du dégagement manuel simple ou répété et de al période de coupe de la végétation de compétition sur la croissance de l’épinette noire en plantation,” Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 1979–1991, 1997.
27. J. E. Wood and E. G. Mitchell, “Silvicultural treatments for black spruce establishment in boreal Ontario: effects of weed control, stock type, and planting season,” NODA/NFP Technical Report TR-10, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service number, Department of Natural Resources, Government of Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada, 1995.
28. G. Robinson, S. Wetzel, and D. Burgess, “Remeasurement of Cartier Lake and Foleyet site preparation experiments,” Interim Report, Forestry Research Partnership, Canadian Ecology Centre, Ontario, Canada, 2001.
29. D. G. Pitt, R. G. Wagner, and W. D. Towill, “Ten years of vegetation succession following ground-applied release treatments in young black spruce plantations,” Northern Journal of Applied Forestry, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 123–134, 2004.
30. J. S. Rowe, Forest Regions of Canada, Canadian Forestry Service, Department Environment, Government of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 1972.
31. L. V. Hedges and I. Olkin, Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis, Academic Press, New York, NY, USA, 1995.
32. L. V. Hedges, J. Gurevitch, and P. S. Curtis, “The meta-analysis of response ratios in experimental ecology,” Ecology, vol. 80, no. 4, pp. 1150–1156, 1999.
33. P. Snowdon, “Modeling type 1 and type 2 growth responses in plantations after application of fertilizer or other silvicultural treatments,” Forest Ecology and Management, vol. 163, no. 1–3, pp. 229–244, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
34. C. Y. Xie and A. D. Yanchuk, “Breeding values of parental trees, genetic worth of seed orchard seedlots, and yields of improved stocks in British Columbia,” Western Journal of Applied Forestry, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 88–100, 2003.
35. S. Fu, F. W. Bell, and H. Y. H. Chen, “Long-term effects of intensive silvicultural practices on productivity, composition, and structure of northern temperate and boreal plantations in Ontario, Canada,” Forest Ecology and Management, vol. 241, no. 1–3, pp. 115–126, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
36. W. H. Carmean, G. Hazenberg, and K. C. Deschamps, “Polymorphic site index curves for black spruce and trembling aspen in northwest Ontario,” Forestry Chronicle, vol. 82, no. 2, pp. 231–242, 2006. View at Scopus
37. P. F. Newton and P. A. Jolliffe, “Aboveground dry matter partitioning responses of black spruce to directional-specific indices of local competition,” Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 1832–1845, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
38. R. G. Wagner, “Competition and critical-period thresholds for vegetation management decisions in young conifer stands,” Forestry Chronicle, vol. 76, no. 6, pp. 961–968, 2000. View at Scopus
39. R. E. Stewart, L. L. Gross, and B. H. Honkola, “Effects of competing vegetation on forest trees: a bibliography with abstracts,” General Technical Report WO-43, Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Washington, DC, USA, 1984.
40. M. K. Hoepting, R. G. Wagner, J. McLaughlin, and D. G. Pitt, “Timing and duration of herbaceous vegetation control in northern conifer plantations: 15th-year tree growth and soil nutrient effects,” Forestry Chronicle, vol. 87, no. 3, pp. 398–413, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
41. G. Cyr and N. Thiffault, “Long-term black spruce plantation growth and structure after release and juvenile cleaning: a 24-year study,” Forestry Chronicle, vol. 85, no. 3, pp. 417–426, 2009. View at Scopus
42. F. W. Bell, J. Dacosta, M. Penner et al., “Longer-term volume trade-offs in spruce and jack pine plantations following various conifer release treatments,” Forestry Chronicle, vol. 87, no. 2, pp. 235–250, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
43. K. Homagain, C. K. Shahi, N. J. Luckai, M. Leitch, and F. W. Bell, “Benefit-cost analysis of vegetation management alternatives: an Ontario case study,” Forestry Chronicle, vol. 87, no. 2, pp. 260–273, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
44. B. Richardson, “Vegetation management practices in plantation forests of Australia and New Zealand,” Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 1989–2005, 1993. View at Scopus
45. D. B. South, J. H. Miller, M. O. Kimberley, and C. L. Vanderschaaf, “Determining productivity gains from herbaceous vegetation management with “age-shift” calculations,” Forestry, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 43–56, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
46. F. W. Bell, M. Kershaw, I. Aubin, N. Thiffault, J. Dacosta, and A. Wiensczyk, “Ecology and traits of plant species that compete with boreal and temperate forest conifers: an overview of available information and its use in forest management in Canada,” Forestry Chronicle, vol. 87, no. 2, pp. 161–174, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
47. B. S. Biring, P. G. Comeau, and P. Fielder, “Long-term effects of vegetation control treatments for release of Engelmann spruce from a mixed-shrub community in Southern British Columbia,” Annals of Forest Science, vol. 60, no. 7, pp. 681–690, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T09:03:50.000Z
|
fvlqeqpcanwfal3b76ptoloh23exbnzu
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37063",
"uncompressed_offset": 446357140,
"url": "www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?386441"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Bibliography: Tempting the Gods
You are not logged in. If you create a free account and sign in, you will be able to customize what is displayed.
Title: Tempting the Gods
Author: Tanith Lee
Year: 2009
Type: COLLECTION
Series: The Selected Stories of Tanith Lee
Series Number: 1
Wikipedia Entry: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempting_The_Gods:_The_Selected_Stories_of_Tanith_Lee,_Volume_1
ISFDB Record Number: 386441
User Rating: This title has fewer than 5 votes. VOTE
Current Tags: None Add Tags
Publications:
Reviews:
Copyright (c) 1995-2011 Al von Ruff.
ISFDB Engine - Version 4.00 (04/24/06)
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T09:01:23.000Z
|
dvlf7jzncnmp5uhr2fmen7cuvym6qjog
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37070",
"uncompressed_offset": 494548563,
"url": "www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/3/2/261",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/3/2/261"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Genes 2012, 3(2), 261-277; doi:10.3390/genes3020261
Communication
A Gene-By-Gene Approach to Bacterial Population Genomics: Whole Genome MLST of Campylobacter
1 Department of Zoology, The Tinbergen Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK 2 Microbiology & Infection, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK These authors contributed equally to this work.
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 1 March 2012; in revised form: 30 March 2012 / Accepted: 31 March 2012 / Published: 12 April 2012
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacterial Genomes and Their Evolution)
Download PDF Full-Text [500 KB, uploaded 12 April 2012 10:56 CEST]
Abstract: Campylobacteriosis remains a major human public health problem world-wide. Genetic analyses of Campylobacter isolates, and particularly molecular epidemiology, have been central to the study of this disease, particularly the characterization of Campylobacter genotypes isolated from human infection, farm animals, and retail food. These studies have demonstrated that Campylobacter populations are highly structured, with distinct genotypes associated with particular wild or domestic animal sources, and that chicken meat is the most likely source of most human infection in countries such as the UK. The availability of multiple whole genome sequences from Campylobacter isolates presents the prospect of identifying those genes or allelic variants responsible for host-association and increased human disease risk, but the diversity of Campylobacter genomes present challenges for such analyses. We present a gene-by-gene approach for investigating the genetic basis of phenotypes in diverse bacteria such as Campylobacter, implemented with the BIGSdb software on the pubMLST.org/campylobacter website.
Keywords: Campylobacter jejuni; Campylobacter coli; campylobacteriosis; whole genome sequencing; next generation sequencing; genome analysis
Article Statistics
Click here to load and display the download statistics.
Cite This Article
MDPI and ACS Style
Sheppard, S.K.; Jolley, K.A.; Maiden, M.C.J. A Gene-By-Gene Approach to Bacterial Population Genomics: Whole Genome MLST of Campylobacter. Genes 2012, 3, 261-277.
AMA Style
Sheppard SK, Jolley KA, Maiden MCJ. A Gene-By-Gene Approach to Bacterial Population Genomics: Whole Genome MLST of Campylobacter. Genes. 2012; 3(2):261-277.
Chicago/Turabian Style
Sheppard, Samuel K.; Jolley, Keith A.; Maiden, Martin C. J. 2012. "A Gene-By-Gene Approach to Bacterial Population Genomics: Whole Genome MLST of Campylobacter." Genes 3, no. 2: 261-277.
Genes EISSN 2073-4425 Published by MDPI AG, Basel, Switzerland RSS E-Mail Table of Contents Alert
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:34:34.000Z
|
2y47elyhlqyvu52xbid3wcsnsdilpemp
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37083",
"uncompressed_offset": 535397628,
"url": "www.openwetware.org/index.php?oldid=19953&title=OpenWetWare%3ATips",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://www.openwetware.org/index.php?title=OpenWetWare:Tips&oldid=19953"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
OpenWetWare:Tips
From OpenWetWare
Revision as of 15:18, 7 February 2006 by Ilya (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
Please place tips that you learn up here.
Contents
Image Galleries
You can use the <gallery> tag to quickly create a nicely formatted image gallery. See here for an example.
No printable
If you don't want something to appear on the printable version of the page, use
<div class=noprint>This will appear on wiki but not on printable version</div>
This is useful to avoid printing banners or other things that may take up a lot of ink.
User pages
Need to fill in OWW user page information? Try the about me template.
Automated pubmed citations
Biblio: A tool for adding pubmed citings and references in Wikipedia, just from the article ID number. http://martin.jambon.free.fr/biblio_php.html
Google searching OpenWetWare
To do a google search of OpenWetWare, do one of the following
1. Type your query followed by "site:openwetware.org" in any general google search box.
2. Type your query in the search box on the left and click search. Scroll to the bottom of the search results page and you will find a google search box for OpenWetWare.
Better RecentChanges Viewing
Go to the preferences menu and go to the recent changes/stub dislplay section. Click Enhanced Recent Changes. This groups changes on the same page together. This provides better viewing of changes, especially when people (drew!) save many times while making changes. --Sri Kosuri 20:26, 18 Sep 2005 (EDT)
De-Wikifying Wiki Pages
See OpenWetWare:Dewikify for information about how to dewikify pages.
Editing
Page editing guide
Special characters
in URLs use hex ASCII values with % in front (%5B == left square bracket)
in text use "HTML character references"
Tables
Wikipedia:Help:Table
Images
Resizing
Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Picture_tutorial
[[Image:filename|options]]
[[Image:Westminstpalace.jpg|thumb|100px|left|The Palace of Westminster]]
Options: right, left, center, none, sizepx, thumbnail (thumb), frame, and alternate (caption) text. An unknown option is taken as the caption text. If there are two or more unknown options, the last one upstages the rest.
Targets
Bug 539: Allow images that link somewhere other than the image page. Use $wgAllowTargettedImages=true; in LocalSettings.php when available.
Shortcuts
~~~ produces Patrick
~~~~ produces Patrick 10:58, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)
~~~~~ produces 08:41, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)
Personal tools
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:37:29.000Z
|
as5ugpu43rsb5ohpxvk7qybmpn646uca
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37084",
"uncompressed_offset": 545973496,
"url": "www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0212%3Atext%3DSym.%3Achapter%3D7%3Asection%3D5",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0212%3Atext%3DSym.%3Achapter%3D7%3Asection%3D5"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
[5] However, these questions also fail to promote the same object that wine does; but if the young people were to have a flute accompaniment and dance figures depicting the Graces, the Horae,1 and the Nymphs, I believe that they would be far less wearied themselves and that the charms of the banquet would be greatly enhanced.”
“Upon my word, Socrates,” replied the Syracusan, “you are quite right; and I will bring in a spectacle that will delight you.”
1 Or, the Seasons. Or it may be used here in the Homeric sense of the maidens who kept the cloud gate of Heaven.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License.
An XML version of this text is available for download, with the additional restriction that you offer Perseus any modifications you make. Perseus provides credit for all accepted changes, storing new additions in a versioning system.
load focus Greek (1921)
hide Places (automatically extracted)
View a map of the most frequently mentioned places in this document.
Visualize the most frequently mentioned Pleiades ancient places in this text.
Download Pleiades ancient places geospacial dataset for this text.
hide References (6 total)
hideData/Identifiers
Citation URN: urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg004.perseus-eng1:7.5
Document URN: urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg004.perseus-eng1
hide Display Preferences
Greek Display:
Arabic Display:
View by Default:
Browse Bar:
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:38:43.000Z
|
ex5kmsw4yfn362sdshcx4mrhn7365b3m
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37085",
"uncompressed_offset": 545984174,
"url": "www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn%3Acts%3AlatinLit%3Aphi1056.phi001.perseus-eng1%3A1.6.13",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:latinLit:phi1056.phi001.perseus-eng1:1.6.13"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
13. Then find with the compasses a sixteenth part of the entire circumference; then centre the compasses on the point E where
the line to the south touches the circumference, and set off the points G and H to the right and left of E. Likewise on the north side, centre the compasses on the circumference at the point F on the line to the north, and set off the points I and K to the right and left; then draw lines through the centre from G to K and from H to I. Thus the space from G to H will belong to Auster and the south, and the space from I to K will be that of Septentrio. The rest of the circumference is to be divided equally into three parts on the right and three on the left, those to the east at the points L and M, those to the west at the points N and O. Finally, intersecting lines are to be drawn from M to O and from L to N. Thus we shall have the circumference divided into eight equal spaces for the winds. The figure being finished, we shall have at the eight different divisions, beginning at the south, the letter G between Eurus and Auster, H between Auster and Africus, N between Africus and Favonius, O between Favonius and Caurus, K between Caurus and Septentrio, I between Septentrio and Aquilo, L between Aquilo and Solanus, and M between Solanus and Eurus. This done, apply a gnomon to these eight divisions and thus fix the directions of the different alleys.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License.
An XML version of this text is available for download, with the additional restriction that you offer Perseus any modifications you make. Perseus provides credit for all accepted changes, storing new additions in a versioning system.
load focus Latin (F. Krohn, 1912)
hide Places (automatically extracted)
View a map of the most frequently mentioned places in this document.
Visualize the most frequently mentioned Pleiades ancient places in this text.
Download Pleiades ancient places geospacial dataset for this text.
hideData/Identifiers
Citation URN: urn:cts:latinLit:phi1056.phi001.perseus-eng1:1.6.13
Document URN: urn:cts:latinLit:phi1056.phi001.perseus-eng1
hide Display Preferences
Greek Display:
Arabic Display:
View by Default:
Browse Bar:
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T09:01:56.000Z
|
vbv2ts3hrtahm4eltlcd7kg3y7py4nmy
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37090",
"uncompressed_offset": 589348554,
"url": "www.seroundtable.com/archives/019482.html",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://www.seroundtable.com/archives/019482.html"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Daily Search Forum Recap: February 23, 2009
Feb 23, 2009 • 4:00 pm | (0) by | Filed Under Search Forum Recap
Here is a recap of what happened in the search forums today, through the eyes of the Search Engine Roundtable and other search forums on the web.
Search Engine Roundtable Stories:
• Link Building 2009 - Build Your Own Cliques For Link Relevancy
I am a paid supporter of WebmasterWorld and to be honest, I don't often use the paid only rooms. But for the thread I am about to discuss, I can tell you, the small fee I paid to have access to this paid area, was well worth it. Moderator, Martinibuster shared with us a new form of link building that he is finding that is working for him. Now, I won't go through everything he
• Is There a Recent Big Brand Bias at Google Search?
There is an interesting thread at WebmasterWorld that Google may be biased towards showing more and more "big brands" in the top Google web search results. Yea, yea - big brands have more links, more trust, more pages and bigger budgets to rank better. We all know that. But some are speculating that this month, more than any other month, there was a spike in how Google ranks these big brands. Tedster, WebmasterWorld's administration, goes
• Google's Phone (Android) Paid Apps Won't Update
There is so much love for Google's new mobile phone, the G1 or Android phone. A week or two ago, Google announced that they are now accepting paid apps to the app marketplace. But now, we are seeing reports that paid apps cannot be updated. A Google Mobile Help thread has confirmed reports from a Googler that there is indeed a bug. A G1 paid app user said, "after you purchase a paid and and
• Yahoo May See Major Reorganization In Coming Weeks
Yahoo's new CEO, Bartz, is rumored to be pushing out a major reorganization for the troubled search engine in the upcoming weeks. Kara Swisher at AllThingsD, I believe, broke the news about this coming down. You can see some additional coverage on the news at Techmeme. Greg Sterling summarizes this new management style as "top down" approach, something Yahoo might not be use to. But Yahoo needs change and maybe this will be it. Supposedly,
• February '09 Google Image Search Update?
It was just about a month ago when we reported a Google image search update and now I am seeing reports of another update. A senior WebmasterWorld member posted a thread at WebmasterWorld on the 20th, reporting a new Google Image Search update. Zeus said: Yesterday I saw some few glitches here and there in the Image search, but today there are some BIG changes, new Images has been added again, maybe also moderate filter
• Misinterpreting SEO Advice
The SEO industry is a conflicted industry to work in, in many respects. Much of the public still thinks this is a form black magic, some feel the industry is packed with scam artists and some just totally don't get it. Let's not forget the conflict of the struggle between the search engine and the search engine optimizers. Oh, then black hat versus white hat. It makes for a very conflicted industry. The last thing
Other Great Search Forum Threads:
Previous story: Link Building 2009 - Build Your Own Cliques For Link Relevancy
blog comments powered by Disqus
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:49:09.000Z
|
d3hidccrrmfwhyyhsqvl7kocwet6morn
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37101",
"uncompressed_offset": 682972089,
"url": "www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Tacrolimus",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:48.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:7123bfd1-8b1f-4948-bba1-809e60c66aee>",
"warc_url": "http://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Tacrolimus"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Tacrolimus
Jump to: navigation, search
Tacrolimus
Systematic (IUPAC) name
3S-[3R*[E(1S*,3S*,4S*)]
,4S*,5R*,8S*,9E,12R*,14R*,15S*,16R*,18S*,19S*,26aR*]]
-5,6,8,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,24,25,26,26a
-hexadecahydro-5, 19-dihydroxy
-3-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl)
-1-methylethenyl]-14,16-dimethoxy
-4,10,12,18-tetramethyl-8-(2-propenyl)
-15,19-epoxy-3H-pyrido[2,1-c] [1,4] oxaazacyclotricosine-1,7,20,21(4H,23H)
-tetrone, monohydrate
Identifiers
CAS number 104987-11-3
ATC code L04AA05 D11AX14
PubChem 656830
DrugBank APRD00276
Chemical data
Formula C44H69NO12
Mol. mass 804.018 g/mol
SMILES eMolecules & PubChem
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 20%, less after eating food rich in fat
Protein binding 75-99%
Metabolism Hepatic CYP3A4
Half life 11.3 hours (range 3.5-40.6 hours)
Excretion Mostly faecal
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.
A
Legal status
Routes Topical, oral, iv
WikiDoc Resources for
Tacrolimus
Articles
Most recent articles on Tacrolimus
Most cited articles on Tacrolimus
Review articles on Tacrolimus
Articles on Tacrolimus in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Tacrolimus
Images of Tacrolimus
Photos of Tacrolimus
Podcasts & MP3s on Tacrolimus
Videos on Tacrolimus
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Tacrolimus
Bandolier on Tacrolimus
TRIP on Tacrolimus
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Tacrolimus at Clinical Trials.gov
Trial results on Tacrolimus
Clinical Trials on Tacrolimus at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Tacrolimus
NICE Guidance on Tacrolimus
NHS PRODIGY Guidance
FDA on Tacrolimus
CDC on Tacrolimus
Books
Books on Tacrolimus
News
Tacrolimus in the news
Be alerted to news on Tacrolimus
News trends on Tacrolimus
Commentary
Blogs on Tacrolimus
Definitions
Definitions of Tacrolimus
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Tacrolimus
Discussion groups on Tacrolimus
Patient Handouts on Tacrolimus
Directions to Hospitals Treating Tacrolimus
Risk calculators and risk factors for Tacrolimus
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Tacrolimus
Causes & Risk Factors for Tacrolimus
Diagnostic studies for Tacrolimus
Treatment of Tacrolimus
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Tacrolimus
International
Tacrolimus en Espanol
Tacrolimus en Francais
Business
Tacrolimus in the Marketplace
Patents on Tacrolimus
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Tacrolimus
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Tacrolimus (also FK-506 or Fujimycin) is an immunosuppressive drug whose main use is after allogenic organ transplant to reduce the activity of the patient's immune system and so the risk of organ rejection. It is also used in a topical preparation in the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis ("eczema"), severe refractory uveitis after bone marrow transplants, and the skin condition vitiligo. It is a 23-membered macrolide lactone discovered in 1984 from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.
History
Tacrolimus was discovered in 1987 by a Japanese team headed by T. Goto, T. Kino and H. Hatanaka; it was among the first macrolide immunosuppressants discovered, preceded by the discovery of rapamycin (sirolimus) on Rapa Nui (Easter Island) in 1975.[1] Like ciclosporin, it was found in a soil fungus, although it is produced by a type of bacteria, Streptomyces tsukubaensis.[2] The name tacrolimus is reportedly derived from 'Tsukuba macrolide immunosuppressant'.
The drug is owned by Astellas Pharma Inc., and is sold under the tradenames Prograf, Advagraf, and Protopic. It is sometimes referred to as FK-506, an early name relating to its action. It was first approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1994 for use in liver transplantation, this has been extended to include kidney, heart, small bowel, pancreas, lung, trachea, skin, cornea, bone marrow, and limb transplants.
Pharmacology
Tacrolimus is chemically known as a macrolide. It reduces peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity by binding to the immunophilin FKBP-12 (FK506 binding protein) creating a new complex. This FKBP12-FK506 complex interacts with and inhibits calcineurin thus inhibiting both T-lymphocyte signal transduction and IL-2 transcription.[3] Although this activity is similar to cyclosporin, studies have shown that the incidence of acute rejection is reduced by tacrolimus use over cyclosporin.
Indications
Immunosuppresion following transplantation
It has similar immunosuppressive properties to cyclosporin, but is much more potent in equal volumes. Also like cyclosporin it has a wide range of adverse interactions, including that with grapefruit which increases plasma-tacrolimus concentration. Several of the newer class of antifungals, especially of the azole class (fluconazole, posaconazole) also increase drug levels by competing for degradative enzymes. Immunosuppression with tacrolimus was associated with a significantly lower rate of acute rejection compared with cyclosporin-based immunosuppression (30.7% vs 46.4%) in one study.[4]
Use in treating ulcerative colitis
In recent years, Tacrolimus has been used to suppress the inflammation associated with ulcerative colitis, a form of inflammatory bowel disease. Although almost exclusively used in trial cases only, Tacrolimus has shown to be significantly effective in the suppression of outbreaks of UC.
Dermatological use
See also: Immunomodulators in the treatment of eczema
As an ointment (Protopic), tacrolimus is a recent addition in the treatment of eczema, particularly atopic dermatitis. It suppresses inflammation in a similar way to steroids, and is equally as effective as a mid-potency steroid. An important advantage of tacrolimus is that unlike steroids, it does not cause skin thinning (atrophy), or other steroid related side-effects. It may therefore be used continuously on the body (clinical trials of up to one year in length have occurred), and applied to the thinner skin over the face and eyelids. Recently it has also been used to treat segmental vitiligo in children,especially on the face.[5]
The most common adverse events associated with the use of Protopic included the sensation of skin burning, itching, flu-like symptoms, and headache. The use of Protopic should be avoided on known or suspected malignant lesions. The use of Protopic on patients with Netherton's syndrome or similar skin diseases is not recommended. Patients should minimize or avoid natural or artificial sunlight exposure. Skin infections should be cleared prior to application, and there may be an increased risk of certain skin infections. Protopic should not be used with occlusive dressings (http://www.protopic.com/).
Contraindications and Precautions
Side effects
From oral and intravenous administration
Side effects can be severe and include blurred vision, liver and kidney problems (it is nephrotoxic), seizures, tremors, hypertension, hypomagnesemia, diabetes mellitus, hyperkalemia, itching, insomnia, confusion, loss of appetite, hyperglycemia, weakness, depression, cramps, and neuropathy, as well as potentially increasing the severity of existing fungal or infectious conditions such as herpes zoster or polyoma viral infections.
From topical use
A common side effect of tacrolimus ointment, if used over a wide area, is to cause a burning or itching sensation on the first one or two applications. Less common side effects include flu-like symptoms, headache, cough and burning eyes.[7]
Cancer risks
Further information: Eczema#Immunomodulators
Tacrolimus and a related drug for eczema (pimecrolimus) were suspected of carrying a cancer risk, though the matter is still a subject of controversy. The FDA issued a health warning in March 2005 for the drug, based on animal models and a small number of patients. Until further human studies yield more conclusive results, the FDA recommends that users be advised of the potential risks. Whereas current practice by UK dermatologists is not to consider this a significant real concern and they are increasingly recommending the use of these new drugs.[8]
Dermatologists agree that the drug should be used as a second-line remedy only after conventional methods of treatment have failed.
References
1. Kino T, Hatanaka H, Hashimoto M, Nishiyama M, Goto T, Okuhara M, Kohsaka M, Aoki H, Imanaka H (1987). "FK-506, a novel immunosuppressant isolated from a Streptomyces. I. Fermentation, isolation, and physico-chemical and biological characteristics.". J Antibiot (Tokyo) 40 (9): 1249-55. PMID 2445721.
2. Pritchard D (2005). "Sourcing a chemical succession for cyclosporin from parasites and human pathogens.". Drug Discov Today 10 (10): 688-91. PMID 15896681. Supports source organism, but not team information
3. Liu J, Farmer J, Lane W, Friedman J, Weissman I, Schreiber S (1991). "Calcineurin is a common target of cyclophilin-cyclosporin A and FKBP-FK506 complexes.". Cell 66 (4): 807-15. PMID 1715244.
4. McCauley, Jerry (2004-05-19). Long-Term Graft Survival In Kidney Transplant Recipients. Slide Set Series on Analyses of Immunosuppressive Therapies. Medscape. Retrieved on 2006-06-06.
5. Nanette B. Silverberg, Peggy Lin, Lisa Travis, Jeanne Farley-Li, Anthony J. Mancini, Annette M. Wagner, Sarah L. Chamlin and Amy S. Paller(Nov.2004)."Tacrolimus ointment promotes repigmentation of vitiligo in children: A review of 57 cases". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, Volume 51, Issue 5,Pages 760-766.
6. Fukatsu S, Fukudo M, Masuda S, Yano I, Katsura T, Ogura Y, Oike F, Takada Y, Inui K (2006). "Delayed effect of grapefruit juice on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tacrolimus in a living-donor liver transplant recipient". Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 21 (2): 122-5. PMID 16702731.
7. Hanifin JM, Paller AS, Eichenfield L, Clark RA, Korman N, Weinstein G, Caro I, Jaracz E, Rico MJ; US Tacrolimus Ointment Study Group (2005). "Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus ointment treatment for up to 4 years in patients with atopic dermatitis". J Am Acad Derm 53 (2 suppl 2): S186-94. PMID 16021174.
8. N H Cox and Catherine H Smith (December 2002). Advice to dermatologists re topical tacrolimus (DOC). Therapy Guidelines Committee. British Association of Dermatologists.
External links
de:Tacrolimusit:Tacrolimus
he:טקרולימוס nl:Tacrolimus
Navigation WikiDoc | WikiPatient | Popular pages | Recently Edited Pages | Recently Added Pictures
Table of Contents In Alphabetical Order | By Individual Diseases | Signs and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Lab Tests | Drugs
Editor Tools Become an Editor | Editors Help Menu | Create a Page | Edit a Page | Upload a Picture or File | Printable version | Permanent link | Maintain Pages | What Pages Link Here
There is no pharmaceutical or device industry support for this site and we need your viewer supported Donations | Editorial Board | Governance | Licensing | Disclaimers | Avoid Plagiarism | Policies
Personal tools
Namespaces
Variants
Actions
Navigation
Toolbox
In other languages
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:25:32.000Z
|
boiajbhdmcx3mvcibt6xir2yrypbrjnl
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37107",
"uncompressed_offset": 461821,
"url": "2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?oldid=187180&title=Team%3AHeidelberg%2FProject%2FContributions",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Heidelberg/Project/Contributions&oldid=187180"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Team:Heidelberg/Project/Contributions
From 2010.igem.org
Revision as of 16:08, 27 October 2010 by ThomasU (Talk | contribs)
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
The overall organization of our team has been the responsibility of Prof. Dr. Roland Eils. Dr. Dirk Grimm, who is a fellow at the Bioquant institute with a strong background in adeno-associated viruses and RNA interference, has joined this iGEM team as instructor. In the spirit of iGEM, the main project idea was designed by the students themselves. The vast majority of the work has been conducted by the students with only minor exceptions, where German law required the inolvement of an instructor or advisor.
The initiative for the project idea (i.e. viral therapy with adeno-associated viruses, which is special for its low safety level 1) has been developed by our students. Encouraged by the work of Dr. Grimm and others, we further decided to focus on RNA interference as potent instrument for gene regulation.
In the following we distinguish between students, advisors/instructors, external advisors, and service providers.
The design of the measurement standard construct for shRNA or miRNA silencing strengths has been done by the students with support by advisors. This standard has been inspired by the measurement standard for synthetic promoters (Team Heidelberg 2009, RFC 41) and the prokaryotic promoter measurement kit (Jason Kelly, RFC 19). The design in annotated sequence format of the final construct has been conducted by students. The basic construct has been synthesized by Geneart, and the following replacements of parts (in particular binding sites) within the construct have been cloned by students. This includes the design of cloning strategies.
The design of the tuning construct to silence target genes via shRNA has been made by the students together with instructors and advisors. The final design in annotated sequence format has been conducted by students. Source DNA (e.g. luciferase gene, promoter sequences, terminators) has been provided by advisors/instructors. The DNA has been modified/reassembled via PCR/cloning by students.
The design of imperfect shRNA sequences to achieve various silencing strengths has been designed by students with support by advisors/instructors. The design in annotated sequence format and cloning of these sequences into the miMeasure construct has been done by students.
Measurements were done by the students under close supervision by advisors of the team to avoid the risk of damages to the expensive devices such as a wide-field and a confocal microscope, a flow cytometer, and a microplate reader. Measurement settings have also been designed in agreement with instructors/advisors.
The design of the model to predict silencing strengths of imperfect shRNAs has been done by the students with support by advisors. The implementation itself has been done by students. The design of the miBEAT-GUI to access the gene silencing model has been inspired by alumni of the iGEM Heidelberg 2009 team, the implementation has been done by students from our team.
The strategy to design a miRNA binding site pattern within the miMeasure construct using random assembly PCR (Heidelberg 2009 team, RFC 42) has been developed by students. Theoretical background on miRNA expression profiles has been given by advisors.
We have followed two approaches for the capsid shuffling: (1) it has been conducted using the Alberta approach from 2009 (RFC 47) in all respects by the students; (2) it has been conducted using a protocol published previously by Grimm et al. in close supervision by instructors/advisors. The digestion, ligation, and cloning of the capsid gene have been conducted by students, partially also supported by instructors/advisors.
Taught by instructors/advisors and conducted completely and independently by students themselves.
Virus clones which are selective for hepatocytes have been selected under close supervision of instructors in a safety level 2 laboratory. The picking of the evolved clone itself has been done by a student.
The infection of a mouse to test a potential virus clone on its selectivity for hepatocytes has been done by an instructor for legal reasons in the presence of a student who had had already experience with mice and therefore could have done it herself.
The philosophical reflection, the psychological survey, and the dance performance have been done solely by students.
The complete documentation has been done by students except the introduction, conclusion and attribution, which have been written together with an advisor. The complete documentation has been proofread and criticized by advisors.
The team logo, the poster and the presentation have been designed by students. Advice has been given by Lange+Pflanz, a marketing agency and sponsor of our team. The layout of the wiki has been done solely by students.
A research proposal to apply for funding has been written by students after discussions involving the complete team.
The iGEM Team Heidelberg.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:32:15.000Z
|
ngvvsw7fbxwbfackj3jfbzmfd7seux7i
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37121",
"uncompressed_offset": 23133641,
"url": "blog.mozilla.org/futurereleases/2012/02/03/improving-the-firefox-update-experience/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://blog.mozilla.org/futurereleases/2012/02/03/improving-the-firefox-update-experience/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Improving the Firefox update experience
Lawrence Mandel
Over the past few months we’ve been working on a number of improvements to the Firefox update experience. These improvements use new approaches to update that allow Firefox to update silently – without any interruption to your regular use of the browser.
In the rest of this post I focus on five Firefox update improvements and how they should improve your Firefox update experience.
Background Updates
Today Firefox periodically checks for updates. Once an update is detected, Firefox automatically downloads the update and waits to be restarted in order to install it. The update is applied on start-up as the updater needs to modify Firefox files, which may be locked while Firefox is running. Updating Firefox on start-up may result in a short delay in starting your browser as you wait for the update to be installed. You may also see a progress dialog as shown below.
A new update installation method allows Firefox to install an update while the browser is running. This means that the update can be installed immediately after it is downloaded. A restart of the browser is still required to apply the update but, using the new method, the application of the update will happen very quickly. So quickly, in fact, that you shouldn’t even notice it. The new version of Firefox will then launch with no delay as the update procedure has already taken place.
Background updates are currently planned to be delivered in the next couple of releases. This means that updates for subsequent Firefox releases should no longer display a progress dialog after restarting the browser.
See Ehsan Akhgari’s blog post Updating Firefox in the Background for more technical details about this change.
Reminder to update UI
Most Firefox updates include security fixes. In order to keep your system secure it is important that you install updates shortly after they are made available. As discussed above, Firefox must be restarted in order to apply an update. In order to facilitate the installation of an update, if Firefox has not been restarted within 12 hours of the download of the update you will be prompted to restart with a dialog.
In our user research we discovered that more than 99% of Firefox users restart their browser within 24 hours without prompting. The impact of extending the prompt period was considered minimal, so in November we changed the notification period to 24 hours.
This change means that the vast majority of Firefox users will restart their browser without being prompted and will therefore never see the Update Ready to Install dialog again.
Windows UAC service
On Microsoft Windows Vista and Windows 7, when updating Firefox you will be prompted with a User Access Control (UAC) dialog. This dialog is a Windows security mechanism to ensure that only applications that have been explicitly granted permission can make modifications to restricted areas of your system, such as writing to the Program Files directory.
The current structure of the Firefox updater requires that you grant permission to the updater each time it needs to install an update one of these versions of Windows. This repeated prompting occurs for two reasons: the Firefox installation resides in the Program Files directory and update changes are made to the registry. From a user perspective the repeated prompting is unnecessary because the first time that you accept the prompt you indicate that you put your trust in Firefox. After you have granted Firefox permission to update it should continue to be able to update future versions of Firefox without prompting you again.
In order to work with UAC security and provide an update experience that doesn’t prompt you for each installation, a new update service will land on Firefox Aurora shortly. This service runs as a background process and installs updates when they become available. After you grant permission to the Firefox update service you will not be prompted with a UAC dialog when installing updates for subsequent releases.
For those interested, Brian Bondy’s blog post Mozilla Firefox and silent updates contains more specific technical details about this Microsoft Windows specific change. We are also looking at ways to improve the update process for our Mac and Linux users.
Add-ons default to compatible
Add-ons are a key benefit of using Firefox. Our users depend on their add-ons and need them to work. Firefox historically took a conservative approach to add-on compatibility. This approach was taken to minimize the chance that an add-on would have an undesired affect on your Web browsing experience when updating to a new version of Firefox. There were typically add-ons that are incompatible the day of a Firefox release. If you had one of these add-ons installed you would see an Incompatible Add-ons dialog that prompted you for action before the update was downloaded.
Add-on authors had to explicitly state that their add-ons were compatible with new Firefox releases. If an add-on was hosted on addons.mozilla.org (AMO) and was using the add-ons SDK, we could automatically keep it up-to-date. However, most add-ons will continue to work with no modification with new versions of Firefox. So…
…with the latest version of Firefox, add-ons are compatible by default. Well, to be accurate, most add-ons are compatible by default. There are certain classes of add-ons that are still flagged as incompatible, such as add-ons that contain binary components, add-ons whose compatibility range does not include Firefox version 4 or later, and add-ons that have been determined to be incompatible by the Firefox Add-ons team.
These changes should result in more of your add-ons being compatible on day 0 of a release. This means less work for you and less work for add-on authors. This also means Firefox updates should download without any prompting by the Incompatible Add-ons dialog.
Add-on authors should see the post Solving Firefox’s add-on compatibility problem by Blair McBride (aka Unfocused) for all of the details about the changes to the add-on update system.
What’s New Page
The What’s New Page is displayed in Firefox after the browser is updated. This page notifies you that your update has completed successfully and informs you about relevant product changes. As of Firefox 8, the What’s New page can now be turned on or off per release. This means that we can elect to show or hide the page per release based on whether there is important product or Mozilla-related information to share with you.
The five updates detailed in this post will result in a silent Firefox update experience that continues to keep your browser up-to-date, current with the latest Web features, and secure.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:32:12.000Z
|
aauuhobivdl5ukojysn3xfwxt2l4oxm7
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37126",
"uncompressed_offset": 31900960,
"url": "buffalo.nas-central.org/w/index.php?oldid=4730&title=Category%3ALS1",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://buffalo.nas-central.org/w/index.php?title=Category:LS1&oldid=4730"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Category:LS1
From NAS-Central Buffalo - The Linkstation Wiki
Revision as of 03:48, 23 July 2006 by Ramuk (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
This article Based on work by ramuk, frontalot, mindbender, timtimred, Justin Adie, and mox69. Originally by frontalot. on Linkstationwiki.org
HD-HLAN PowerPC (LS1)
• CPU - 200Mhz Freescale MPC8241 with MPC603e Motorola PowerPC core.
• RAM - 64MB Micron MT48LC16M16A2-75 SDRAM
• Flash ROM - 4MB ST M29W320DT HG003
• USB - 2 type A (rear - /dev/lp0, front - /dev/lp1) - NEC D720101GJ
• NIC - 10/100Mb ADMtek AN983B PCI ethernet controller
• IDE Controller - [Image SiI 0680acl144]
• AVR - AT90S2313-4SC NAS004
• Stock Firmware - 1.x
Look Here: PowerPC LinkStation overview
Pages in category "LS1"
The following 84 pages are in this category, out of 84 total.
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
H cont.
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
P cont.
R
S
T
U
V
W
Personal tools
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:24:21.000Z
|
oa4zsxmubmeqy66wvn3t3sqo2oetucek
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37140",
"uncompressed_offset": 51336315,
"url": "ddowiki.com/page/Paladin_equipment",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://ddowiki.com/page/Paladin_equipment"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
| Edit | | History |
From DDO wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
Paladin
Starting a...
Enhancements
Tactics
Equipment
Spells
Equipping a Paladin can be a challenge. The typical Paladin will want to wear +Stat items for Strength, Dexterity, Constitution, Charisma, and sometimes Wisdom. All this in addition to the usual array of Poison Immunity, Striding, and Heavy Fortification. One benefit for the Paladin is that most primarily-Paladin builds have sufficient saves so that a Resistance Item is not as needed; potentially freeing a valuable item slot.
[edit] Weapons
A Paladin is proficient in Simple & Martial weaponry, as well as shields. This being the case, you could choose any damage type to be your primary weapon set. Most paladins use weapons with extraordinary critical range/multiplayer for synergy with smiting (often khopesh, falchion, scimitar).
If your starting race has a particular weapon proficiency, this would be a preferred choice to make. Picking one damage type & fighting style and sticking with it will increase the attack and damage done by your smite attack. Though that doesn't mean you can't carry others for particular enemies (an example being Bludgeoning for Undead or Oozes).
Don't forget that as a Paladin, you have access to Axiomatic & Holy weapons, and will suffer negative levels wielding Anarchic & Evil Weapons.
Also, Paladins have access to Faith based enhancements which allow bonuses to-hit for particular weapons. Unique weapon choices for these proficiencies are listed below:
[edit] Armor
Paladins are proficient with all armor types, so your armor choice is endless. A Mithral armor that provides Command or Sacred is always a good choice. And don't forget that you will suffer negative levels wearing anything Evil & Unholy.
[edit] Shields
Paladins are proficient with shields. Also a Paladin may choose the Tower Shield proficiency and takes the Defender of Siberys prestige class to make their shields much more powerful and increase their AC.
[edit] Healing Equipment
Paladins have limited spell pool and usually don't use spells for healing. Instead, they often use wands (Cure Light-Serious Wounds). Lay on Hands ability depends on charisma, therefore, items increasing charisma are a good option.
Paladins with high UMD scores can carry some wands & scrolls for Raise Dead, Heal, and anything else you might be able to cast.
[edit] Spellcasting Equipment
As a Paladin your spell list is quite limited (possessing no offensive spells) and your spell points are equally few.
An item of Power or Wizardry to boost the number of available spell points would be appreciated.
Most of the spells you possess will be to augment yourself (Bonuses to attack, DMG, AC, DR), protect or cure your allies, or for healing. Keeping a Potency or other Focus specific item around to augment these would be ok.
Paladins will be able to use any wand that is specific to their class, plus if your UMD is high enough, you might be able to carry a wand for some distance attacks, to lure monsters to you.
[edit] Example Equipment
This is an example equipment list for an Paladin. It should give an idea for what stats and abilities are going into each equipment slot, and lower level equivalents of most items should be available.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:27:06.000Z
|
36iddmljvlictrfrskeiuizkyuh7x7e3
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37177",
"uncompressed_offset": 94922855,
"url": "googlesystem.blogspot.com/2006/06/google-will-localize-all-its-products.html?showComment=1163170380000",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2006/06/google-will-localize-all-its-products.html?showComment=1163170380000"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
An unofficial blog that watches Google's attempts to move your operating system online.
Send your tips to gostips@gmail.com.
June 19, 2006
Google Will Localize All Its Products
PC World reports that Google wants to localize all its products and soon, if possible ahead of the competition.
"Internet users outside of the US may soon be able to access all of Google's products, many of which are currently available only in limited regions, if an executive search by the company is successful.
The University of Limerick, in the west of Ireland, has been asked by Google and an executive search firm to help find an experienced localization guru to head up an initiative to internationalize all of Google's products."
Google has 112 international domains so it's not a trivial task, but that will make many people happy. And it will bring many new users.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:39:09.000Z
|
rrkmpnm4exerapoyv7mhwsygyd37kfiq
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37194",
"uncompressed_offset": 118549897,
"url": "josm.openstreetmap.de/timeline?from=2012-03-03T22%3A53%3A10%2B01%3A00&precision=second",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://josm.openstreetmap.de/timeline?from=2012-03-03T22%3A53%3A10%2B01%3A00&precision=second"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Timeline
and
Mar 3, 2012:
11:02 PM Ticket #7470 ([Patch] Annoying warning about deleting nodes with id:0 outside BBox) created by skyper
I get warnings about deleting nodes with id:0 outside BBox. There should …
10:53 PM Ticket #7469 (Exception in conjunction with deleting nodes out of bound + no undo) created by skyper
What steps will reproduce the problem? 1. download a closed way with …
10:05 PM Changelog edited by simon04
update changelog up to r5036 (diff)
8:03 PM Changeset in josm [5036] by akks
Fix exceptions when using selection history (skip nonselectable/deteted …
5:21 PM Ticket #7468 (Do not delete address nodes but use them as corner node) created by skyper
I already reported this on #7328. Polyglot: > …
4:05 PM Ticket #7467 (Update plugins list in Trac) created by Don-vip
We should update the plugins list in Trac: - for all tickets referencing …
2:19 PM Ticket #7466 ([PATCH] add style for entrance=*) created by Cobra
This patch adds support for entrance=*, being rendered like …
12:37 PM Changeset in josm [5035] by jttt
Add selectZoomTool method (needed by editgpx)
11:19 AM Changeset in josm [5034] by jttt
short circuit logic should be used
10:03 AM Plugins edited by jttt
Use direct address (without redirect) for todo plugin (because ant task … (diff)
12:30 AM Ticket #4925 (Dialog are placed wrong on dual-head X11) reopened by rasher
On my setup, dialogs appear on my primary monitor (where JOSM was …
Mar 2, 2012:
1:58 PM Changeset in josm [5033] by Don-vip
Allow plugins to specify additional classLoaders when loading an image
7:50 AM StartupPageSource edited by Chao-Hsiung Liao <j_h_liau@…>
(diff)
7:25 AM Uk:InstallNotes edited by andygol
(diff)
6:22 AM StartupPageSource edited by Chao-Hsiung Liao <j_h_liau@…>
(diff)
5:36 AM Ja:Download created by nori_u
5:35 AM Ja:WikiStart edited by nori_u
(diff)
5:05 AM Ja:Presets edited by nori_u
(diff)
2:34 AM Plugin changelog edited by joshdoe
new todo plugin, updated canvec_helper (diff)
12:46 AM Ticket #7465 ([Patch] NullPointerException in WayConnectedToArea due to Way w/ 0 nodes) created by anonymous
[…]
Mar 1, 2012:
8:42 PM Ticket #7462 (No action definded for buttons problems) closed by jttt
fixed: These stacktraces aren't real errors, only notification that plugin is …
7:48 PM Presets edited by es_ka
remove external preset "parking_lane" (diff)
7:45 PM Presets/ParkingLanes edited by es_ka
fix revision (diff)
7:39 PM Presets/ParkingLanes edited by es_ka
add missing preset processor (diff)
7:32 PM Presets/ParkingLanes created by es_ka
initial version of wiki based preset
5:44 PM Ticket #7464 (recent measurement plugin release borked) closed by stoecker
fixed
12:43 PM Ticket #7463 (new download/upload shortcuts don't work if the properties window is ...) closed by akks
fixed: In 5032/josm: […]
12:43 PM Changeset in josm [5032] by akks
fix #7463: Ctrl-Shift-Up/Down shortcuts did't work if the properties …
12:22 PM Uk:Help/Action/Download edited by andygol
(diff)
12:21 PM Uk:Help/Action/Delete edited by andygol
(diff)
12:20 PM Uk:Help edited by andygol
(diff)
12:12 PM It:Help/Action/Draw edited by silviopen
(diff)
12:06 PM It:Help/Action/Draw edited by silviopen
(diff)
11:50 AM StartupPageSource edited by kayle.sk@…
slovak translation (diff)
11:49 AM It:Help/Action/Draw edited by silviopen
(diff)
11:41 AM It:Help/Action/Draw edited by silviopen
(diff)
11:41 AM It:Help/Action/Draw edited by silviopen
(diff)
11:03 AM Uk:WikiStart edited by andygol
(diff)
9:59 AM StartupPageSource edited by kayle.sk@…
some slovak translation (diff)
8:21 AM Ticket #7462 (No action definded for buttons problems) reopened by rickmastfan67
Sorry, but it hasn't been fully fixed. While the error is now gone from …
4:13 AM Ticket #7464 (recent measurement plugin release borked) created by rickmastfan67
Doesn't seem like the [o27957] fix of this plugin was correctly released …
Feb 29, 2012:
6:34 PM Ticket #7256 ("flush tile cache" takes forever) reopened by NE2
Reopened - the cancel button doesn't work.
6:33 PM Ticket #7463 (new download/upload shortcuts don't work if the properties window is ...) created by NE2
After clicking in the properties/memberships window, hitting …
5:12 PM Da:WikiStart edited by Hylle
(diff)
4:59 PM Changeset in josm [5031] by jttt
check for null (for toggle dialogs without side buttons)
9:45 AM Ticket #7462 (No action definded for buttons problems) closed by jttt
fixed: In 5030/josm: […]
9:44 AM Changeset in josm [5030] by jttt
Fix #7462 No action definded for buttons (becauase of r5028)
5:21 AM Ja:Plugins edited by nori_u
(diff)
5:10 AM Ja:WikiStart edited by nori_u
(diff)
4:41 AM Ticket #7462 (No action definded for buttons problems) created by rickmastfan67
The following errors have now shown up in the last day, odds are because …
Feb 28, 2012:
11:10 PM WikiStart edited by bastiK
not a PPA (diff)
9:19 PM Ticket #7461 (Uploading changeset produces "unexpected exception") closed by skyper
duplicate
9:19 PM Ticket #7461 (Uploading changeset produces "unexpected exception") reopened by skyper
9:01 PM Changeset in josm [5029] by Don-vip
Fix console message when plugins are auto updated after JOSM upgrade
8:12 PM Ticket #7461 (Uploading changeset produces "unexpected exception") closed by tongro
fixed: It was a way with no nodes that was causing the problem. I manually edited …
8:06 PM Ticket #7461 (Uploading changeset produces "unexpected exception") created by tongro
What steps will reproduce the problem? 1. Upload a particular changeset …
7:41 PM Nl:Shortcuts edited by DiGro
adjusted to revision 58 (diff)
7:25 PM Nl:Help/Preferences/Validator edited by DiGro
adjusted to revision 6 (diff)
5:53 PM Ticket #7317 (Cycle list is different for middle-click and Alt+click) reopened by cmuelle8
The patch in #7314 is fine, I think. From a user perpective #7317 sucks …
4:01 PM Ticket #7295 (Possible information loss and NPE with Replace Geometry command) reopened by joshdoe
Replying to rickmastfan67: > Well, since the changes you made …
2:23 PM Ticket #7460 (Validator should not complain about width key on aeroway=runway) created by AM909
In r4878, validator incorrectly complains that it is suspicious to tag …
12:34 PM De:Introduction edited by sBike Jones
(diff)
11:29 AM Changeset in josm [5028] by jttt
Add possibility to hide side buttons in toggle dialogs permanently, show …
9:40 AM Ticket #7459 (bug in search function) created by r-michael
search for timestamp does'nt run; saw this bug for the first time in v4878 …
9:27 AM VersionHistorySource edited by silviopen
(diff)
1:29 AM Changeset in josm [5027] by Don-vip
Allow to load an optional icon without warning on System.err
12:43 AM Plugins edited by Gnonthgol
Added the todo plugin (diff)
Feb 27, 2012:
7:43 PM Ticket #7409 ([PATCH] Plugin routing ignores roundabout implicit oneway) closed by franpd
fixed: Patch applied.
7:40 PM DevelopersGuide/DevelopingPlugins edited by stoecker
Fix typo (diff)
7:38 PM DevelopersGuide/DevelopingPlugins edited by stoecker
Add one minor point to drawbacks (diff)
6:23 PM DevelopersGuide/DevelopingPlugins edited by joshdoe
add info about publishing plugins (diff)
5:39 PM Plugins edited by skyper
small fix (diff)
2:07 PM DevelopersGuide/Schedule edited by stoecker
Update state (diff)
11:42 AM Ticket #7458 (Create multipolygon function: enable tags moving) created by akks
We have "create multipolygon" function in core but it does not add any …
11:07 AM Ticket #7448 (Plugins loaded but no sign in editor?) closed by stoecker
fixed
Feb 26, 2012:
10:57 PM Ticket #7457 (Java exception when using 'mapnik (true)' map paint style.) closed by Don-vip
duplicate
10:53 PM Ticket #7454 (Exception inattendue) closed by Don-vip
duplicate
10:53 PM Ticket #7453 (Impossible chargement) closed by Don-vip
duplicate
10:07 PM Ticket #7457 (Java exception when using 'mapnik (true)' map paint style.) created by anonymous
Repository Root: http://josm.openstreetmap.de/svn Build-Date: 2012-02-25 …
9:42 PM Ticket #7456 (josm loops in exceptions after data-import from OSM / ...) created by anonymous
[…]
9:10 PM Ticket #7455 (Erroneous Prefs setting; delete key on a Mac) created by anonymous
To remap JOSM's delete key to work on a Mac: Select Preferences menu. In …
8:22 PM Ticket #7454 (Exception inattendue) created by anonymous
BOX au moment du chargement d'un calque de zone EXCEPTION INATTENDUE …
8:12 PM Ticket #7453 (Impossible chargement) created by anonymous
Repository Root: http://josm.openstreetmap.de/svn Build-Date: 2012-01-30 …
5:49 PM De:Help/Action/Download edited by anonymous
(diff)
4:23 PM Ticket #7452 (IndexOutOfBoundsException) closed by Don-vip
duplicate
4:20 PM Ticket #4043 (Have an 'upload prohibited' flag in .osm files) closed by Don-vip
fixed: Feature is here. Just set data.layer.upload_discouragement.menu_item
4:17 PM Ticket #7452 (IndexOutOfBoundsException) created by Cobra
This just occured after downloading a small area via remotecontrol in …
4:16 PM Changeset in josm [5026] by Don-vip
Do not set "null" tooltips
4:10 PM Changeset in josm [5025] by Don-vip
see #4043 - Have an 'upload prohibited' flag in .osm files
3:14 PM Changeset in josm [5024] by Don-vip
Extract .osm filename from URL to set the new layer name
1:44 PM Da:Help/Menu/PhotoLayer edited by Hylle
(diff)
12:28 PM Styles/ParkingLanes edited by kay_D
Migration inline->parallel; orthogonal->perpendicular (diff)
4:17 AM Help/Dialog/RelationEditor edited by skyper
image size (diff)
4:13 AM relation_editor_unsaved_changes_warning.png attached to Help/Dialog/RelationEditor by skyper
unsaved changes warning
4:13 AM Help/Dialog/RelationEditor edited by skyper
small adds (diff)
3:44 AM relation_editor.png attached to Help/Dialog/RelationEditor by skyper
relation editor screenshot
3:40 AM Ticket #7451 (download incomplete members in background) created by skyper
Please, have an option to move the download of incomplete members in …
Feb 25, 2012:
5:54 PM Ja:Help/Action/Select edited by nori_u
(diff)
5:27 PM Changelog edited by joshdoe
link to plugin changelog (diff)
5:26 PM Plugin changelog edited by joshdoe
utilsplugin2 search keywords (diff)
4:43 PM Ja:Help/Dialog/ChangesetManager edited by nori_u
(diff)
4:38 PM Changelog edited by joshdoe
new relation selecting method (diff)
4:20 PM Ja:Help/Concepts/Object edited by nori_u
(diff)
3:55 PM Ja:Help/Action/Upload edited by nori_u
(diff)
3:45 PM Ticket #7450 (Warning against misaligned imagery) created by DJTerentjev@…
Very often newbie to OSM start their contribution with moving old or …
11:06 AM Ticket #7449 (Support shortcut schemas) created by akks
After normalizing shortcuts we have some free keys and some little …
2:16 AM StartupPageSource edited by Chao-Hsiung <j_h_liau@…>
(diff)
Note: See TracTimeline for information about the timeline view.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:21:10.000Z
|
qavhbutqlrtepho62sbev6ckk7hvcsvq
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37218",
"uncompressed_offset": 162839597,
"url": "openwetware.org/wiki/User:Scottmc",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://openwetware.org/wiki/User:Scottmc"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Scott Carlson
From OpenWetWare
(Redirected from User:Scottmc)
Jump to: navigation, search
Contents
I'm a 5th-year graduate student in Biological Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. I work with Professor Forest White on phosphoproteomics applied to diabetes and cancer.
Research Interests
Graduate Research
MAP kinases in cancer and diabetes
The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are involved in signal transduction downstream of stress and growth factors. Activation of JNK in a critical event in development of type II diabetes, and activation of ERK is involved in both diabetes and cancer. I am combining mass spectrometry a chemical genetics strategy, developed by Kevan Shokat, to identify substrates of these kinases.
Mechanisms of oncogenesis by KRAS mutation
Activating mutations in KRAS occur in about 60% of all cancers. The KRAS oncogene signals through several major pathways, including the Raf/MEK/ERK cascade. This cascade is a major target for pharmaceutical research because of its importance in KRAS signaling and because it is targeted by other important oncogenes. My goal is to understand how KRAS activation leads to cancer development by activating this and other pathways.
Regulation of alternative splicing
Regulation of mRNA splicing is implicated in development of cancer, and especially in the progression to metastasis. The splicing factor FOX2 is a global splicing regulator particularly important in development and frequently up-regulated in poorly differentiated cancers. In collaboration with the Sharp Lab at MIT I am trying to understand how mitogenic and oncogenic signaling affects FOX2 activity.
Undergraduate Research
Clinical Proteomics
Using the combination of informatics and high-throughput experiments to identify clinically relevant diagnostics. I worked with Dr. Harvey Cohen at Stanford to identify blood biomarkers for Kasawaki disease, monitor juvenile arthritis, and identify premature infants at risk for common disorders.
Biostatistics
High-throughput experiments in proteomics and genomics have required a range of new statistical methods. Protein measurements are often strongly correlated, and correlated variables interfere with most of the statistical analyses. I applied clustering methods as a form of data-reduction to reduce problems introduced by correlated proteins.
Computational Genetics
I worked with Dr. Leonid Kruglyak and Dr. Elaine Ostrander on study of genetic variability among pure-breed dogs. This work was published in Science (see the CV).
iGEM
I'm a graduate student adviser for MIT's undergraduate team for the International Genetically Engineered Machines competition. See the iGEM website or our team wiki for more information.
Curriculum Vitae
Download my CV here.
Personal tools
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:51:29.000Z
|
nxfb35zavyltem6qhsbiqjq4et54glfo
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37237",
"uncompressed_offset": 179227723,
"url": "quotationsbook.com/quote/gift/45342/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://quotationsbook.com/quote/gift/45342/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
It's easy! Just pick the product you like and click-through to buy it from trusted partners of Quotations Book. We hope you like these personalized gifts as much as we do.
Make and then buy your OWN fantastic personalized gift from this quote
I see America, not in the setting sun of a black night of despair ahead of us, I see America in the crimson light of a rising sun fresh from the burning, creative hand of God. I see great days ahead, great days possible to men and women of will and vision Sandburg, Carl
Make a fabulous personalised bracelet or other form of jewellery with this quote
Click the banner below to pick the kind of jewellery you'd like ...
Choose something popular ...
Make a custom wrapped canvas ...
Make custom holiday cards ...
Make custom t-shirts ...
Make custom holiday gifts for boys ...
Make custom holiday gifts for girls ...
Make custom holiday gifts for men ...
A selection of more great products and gifts!
212 - The Extra Degree
The one extra degree makes the difference. This simple analogy reflects the ultimate definition of excellence. Because it's the one extra degree of effort, in business and life, that can separate the good from the great. This powerful book by S.L. Parker and Mac Anderson gives great examples, great quotes and great stories to illustrate the 212° concept. A warning - once you read it, it will be hard to forget. Your company will have a target for everything you do ... 212°
Click here to buy this »
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:23:45.000Z
|
rrxexqrpu3gwshk5bro6kns2turlsnlt
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37238",
"uncompressed_offset": 179233309,
"url": "quotationsbook.com/quotes/author/3142/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://quotationsbook.com/quotes/author/3142/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Quotes by Halifax, Edward F.
We don't have a biography. Please consult wikipedia.
"Gratitude is one of those things that cannot be bought. It must be born with men, or else all the obligations in the world will not create it."
Halifax, Edward F. on gratitude
"If the laws could speak for themselves, they would complain of the lawyers."
Halifax, Edward F. on law and lawyers
4 fans of this quote
"Anger is never without an argument, but seldom with a good one."
Halifax, Edward F. on anger
"Most men's anger about religion is as if two men should quarrel for a lady they neither of them care for."
Halifax, Edward F. on anger
"Those who are of the opinion that money will do everything may reasonably be expected to do everything for money."
Halifax, Edward F. on money
"The invisible thing called a Good Name is made up of the breath of numbers that speak well of you."
Halifax, Edward F. on names
"Men who borrow their opinions can never repay their debts."
Halifax, Edward F. on opinions
"Ignorance makes most men go into a political party, and shame keeps them from getting out of it."
Halifax, Edward F. on politics
"Men are not hanged for stealing horses, but that horses may not be stolen."
Halifax, Edward F. on punishment
"When people contend for their liberty they seldom get anything for their victory, but new masters."
Halifax, Edward F. on evolution
"The plainer the dress, the greater luster does beauty appear."
Halifax, Edward F. on beauty
3 fans of this quote
"He who leaves nothing to chance will do few things poorly, but he will do few things."
Halifax, Edward F. on chance
3 fans of this quote
"A person may dwell so long upon a thought that it may take him a prisoner."
Halifax, Edward F. on thoughts and thinking
3 fans of this quote
"Misspending a man's time is a kind of self-homicide."
Halifax, Edward F. on time
3 fans of this quote
"True merit is like a river, the deeper it is, the less noise it makes."
Halifax, Edward F. on truth
"I often think how much easier the world would have been to manage if Herr Hitler and Signor Mussolini had been at Oxford."
Halifax, Edward F. on colleges and universities
Take a look at recent activity on QB!
Search Quotations Book
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:59:33.000Z
|
nmag5rj4mqsjr3ihwchi7ikazmrrjhh7
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37239",
"uncompressed_offset": 182261868,
"url": "redsarmy.com/2010/02/18/bill-walker-now-part-of-house-giddens-deal/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://redsarmy.com/2010/02/18/bill-walker-now-part-of-house-giddens-deal/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Bill Walker now part of House, Giddens deal?
Chuck - Red's Army February 18, 2010 Uncategorized 32 Comments
Via TrueHoop
Multiple sources say the Knicks have reached a tentative agreement on a deal with Boston sending Nate Robinsonand a second player to the Celtics for Eddie House, J.R. Giddensand Bill Walker. The identity of the second New York player was not immediately clear.
If anyone can figure out who this other player on the Knicks is, feel free to explain how it works. It still seems possible another team is involved.
Like this Article? Share it!
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:37:26.000Z
|
6imellgytghikukjizszkmkcnsult2h7
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37282",
"uncompressed_offset": 242843752,
"url": "wikitravel.org/wiki/en/index.php?oldid=1818732&title=Tijuana%2FZona_Rio",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://wikitravel.org/wiki/en/index.php?title=Tijuana/Zona_Rio&oldid=1818732"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Help Wikitravel grow by contributing to an article! Learn how.
Tijuana/Zona Rio
From Wikitravel
Tijuana : Zona Rio
Revision as of 08:23, 24 January 2012 by 66.29.163.202 (Talk)
Jump to: navigation, search
The Zona Rio is a fashionable middle class Tijuana neighborhood known for its shopping, night clubs, and restaurants.
It is dominated by Paseo de los Heroes, a wide, divided and usually very busy street. The major intersections of Paseo de los Heroes are circuses, each with a large statue of a hero. Lesser heroes appear as busts along the grassy center of the avenue.
As circular intersections are almost unheard of in the US, the Zona Rio has a distinctly foreign look to the American eye, despite the fact that it is only a mile or so from the border. That you seldom see tourists in this zone adds to the sense of being truly abroad.
A visit to the Zona Rio presents a sharp, mostly favorable, contrast to the touristy Zona Centro. Knowing Spanish will be very helpful here, but non-Spanish speakers need not be deterred.
Destinations include the Mercado Hidalgo, a large open farmer's market, the Plaza Rio, a popular shopping mall, and countless restaurants, many of them with excellent reputations.
Get in
One can walk to the Zona Rio from the border in about 30 minutes, without passing through any bad neighborhoods. However, it is not obvious how to do this without experience or a good map. A cab ride should not cost more than $3.
See
Exhibits at the Tijuana Cultural Center, on the intersections of Paseo de Los Heroes and Avenida Independencia, altough most people can guide you how to get there.
Do
Buy
• Plaza Rio: One of the largest malls in Baja California. It has a variety of department stores, shops, restaurants and movie theaters.
• Mercado Hidalgo: A farmers market selling a variety of produce and crafts.
Eat
• Hornero - Pizza a la Piedra, Blvd. Salinas 10556-8 Colonia Aviacion, Tijuana, www.hornero.com.mx
The best pizzeria in town!
• Ceibo - Steakhouse, Blvd. Salinas 10556-7 Colonia Aviacion, Tijuana, www.ceibo.com.mx
The best quality of meat, including pork, lamb and fish, in Tijuana!
Drink
Sleep
Contact
This article is an outline and needs more content. It has a template, but there is not enough information present. Please plunge forward and help it grow!
Personal tools
Namespaces
Variants
Actions
Navigation
feeds
Destination Docents
Toolbox
In other languages
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T07:44:43.000Z
|
c2ujti5ue7c7reo2mcpmzb2behepidg4
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37292",
"uncompressed_offset": 253136946,
"url": "www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs%40.nsf/DetailsPage/5439.0Jan%202010",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/5439.0Jan%202010?OpenDocument"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
5439.0 - International Merchandise Imports, Australia, Jan 2010
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 18/02/2010
Page tools: RSS Search this Product
Help for : Excel File Zip File.
Time Series Spreadsheets
TABLE 1. Standard International Trade Classification (1 and 2 digit), Customs Value
TABLE 2. Country and Country Groups, Customs Value
TABLE 3. Standard International Trade Classification (3 digit), Customs Value
TABLE 4. Crude petroleum, Quantity
TABLE 5. States and Australia, Customs Value
TABLE 6. States by Selected Countries and Country Groups, Customs Value
TABLE 7. Balance of Payments Broad Economic Categories (1 and 2 digit), Customs Value
Data Cubes
TABLE 8. Balance of Payments Broad Economic Categories (detailed level), by Country, latest 7 months, Customs Value, ($million)
TABLE 9. Balance of Payments Broad Economic Categories (1 and 2 digit), by Country, latest 7 months, Customs Value ($million)
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:36:36.000Z
|
i5ybgf2sxnvzzlvcupyzb2za4kv3y7bm
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37293",
"uncompressed_offset": 253144191,
"url": "www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs%40.nsf/Latestproducts/1345.0Main%20Features72012?issue=2011&prodno=1345.0&tabname=Summary",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/1345.0Main%20Features72012?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=1345.0&issue=2011&num=&view="
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Catalogue Number
1345.0 - Key Economic Indicators, 2012
Latest ISSUE
Page tools: Print Page Print All RSS Search this Product
These graphs show recent movements of Australia's key economic indicators. Data contained in these graphs will be updated shortly after it becomes available. Please also see Measures of Australia's Progress which is a summary of key social, environmental and economic national progress indicators. A glossary of terms used is available.
National AccountsLabour Force
International AccountsDemography
Consumption and investmentIncomes
ProductionHousing Finance
Prices
LABOUR FORCE
Unemployment rate - Trend
Graph shows the monthly point movement in the Unemployment rate
Source: Labour Force, Australia (cat. no. 6202.0)
Participation rate - Trend
Employed persons - Trend - Monthly change
Job vacancies - Trend - Quarterly change
Survey was suspended from August 2008 to August 2009 inclusive
Source: Job Vacancies, Australia (cat. no. 6354.0)
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T09:04:45.000Z
|
pi4pu6mdm25tbgjyhfz2uaxrqsayeibx
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37294",
"uncompressed_offset": 253151849,
"url": "www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs%40.nsf/Previousproducts/8418.0Main%20Features2May%202009?issue=May+2009&prodno=8418.0&tabname=Summary",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Previousproducts/8418.0Main%20Features2May%202009?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=8418.0&issue=May%202009&num=&view="
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
8418.0 - Mining Statistics Newsletter, May 2009
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 12/06/2009 First Issue
Page tools: Print Page Print All RSS Search this Product
Mining Statistics | news
WELCOME FROM OUR ASSISTANT STATISTICIAN
Welcome to the first ABS mining statistics newsletter. This newsletter presents information on recent mining industry statistics and related issues. It describes ABS work in this area, and advises on recent and forthcoming publications.
Included in this issue is a short article on a topic that touches on the understanding of many ABS mining (and other) statistics - volume measures. The article contains an explanation of the meaning, purpose and use of volume measures. The goal of the article is to enhance understanding of mining statistics. Of course for a more detailed explanation of volume measures I would refer you to a number of technical papers also available on the ABS website.
Also highlighted in this issue, is an important message to regular users of Mining Operations, Australia (8415.0). Please note that this publication has been discontinued. Annual data is now available in Australian Industry, 2007-08 (8155.0).
Each issue will contain an explanatory article, as well as information regarding current statistics and events related to mining. I hope that this will provide you with greater insight into the wide range of ABS and other statistics available about mining.
Paul Williams
Assistant Statistician
Industry Statistics Branch
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:51:21.000Z
|
45uxkbbrnuquqdpzsiksrfyx6hbscbeb
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37295",
"uncompressed_offset": 253159627,
"url": "www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs%40.nsf/ProductsbyReleaseDate/FBF5C0249D4F0A5ACA2578A00014477E",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/ProductsbyReleaseDate/FBF5C0249D4F0A5ACA2578A00014477E?OpenDocument"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
1345.4 - SA Stats, Apr 2011
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 28/04/2011
Page tools: Print Page Print All RSS Search this Product
CONTENTS
Feature Articles
NEW THIS MONTH - South Australia's Changing Industrial Landscape
Manufacturing industry no longer South Australia's largest employer.
Demography
Includes: Estimated resident population, Components of population change
The Statistical Division of Outer Adelaide records the states largest rate of ERP growth (2.0%) in the year to 30 June 2010.
Labour Force
Includes: Contents, Employed persons, Unemployment, Participation rate
SA's trend unemployment rate held steady in March 2011 at 5.5%.
Incomes
Includes: Average weekly earnings
Female full-time earnings in SA increases 5.3% in the 12 months to November 2010 compared to 1.6% for males.
State Accounts
Includes: State accounts, Household final consumption expenditure (HFCE)
SA's State Final Demand increased 0.6% between the September and December quarters 2010.
Consumption
Includes: Retail trade, New motor vehicle sales
SA's retail turnover down 0.5% in February 2011 compared with a 0.5% rise nationally.
Investment
Includes: Private new capital expenditure, Mineral and petroleum exploration expenditure
SA's chain volume estimate of private new capital expenditure rose 7.6% in December quarter 2010.
Construction
Includes: Building approvals, Construction work done
SA dwelling unit approvals fall for the eleventh consecutive month in February 2011.
Price Indexes
Includes: Contents, Consumer price index, Wage price index, House price index
SA Wage Price Index increases 1.1% in December quarter 2010; the equal largest of all states and territories.
Housing Finance
Includes: Housing finance commitments
SA's average home loan commitment for first home buyers increases 2.6% to $235,500 in February 2011.
International Merchandise Trade
Includes: Exports and Imports
South Australian exports rose 31.9% in February 2011.
Water
Includes: Rainfall, Reservoir levels
Adelaide's reservoir storage level at 73% for the end of March 2011.
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:19:36.000Z
|
c4kkmxzyphjdkftsov7hxv7mrrpxrllz
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37302",
"uncompressed_offset": 339973288,
"url": "www.creativeapplications.net/tag/susan-kare/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://www.creativeapplications.net/tag/susan-kare/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Instead of AdBlock, enjoy ad-free CAN by becoming a member. Everybody wins!
Susan Kare
23/11/2011 / News
How did we get from command line to computer interfaces we know today? PlosBlogs's NeuroTribes offers an insight into the sketchbook of Susan Kare, the Artist who's high-school friend Andy Hertzfeld, the lead software architect for the Macintosh operating system, offered ...
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:18:45.000Z
|
nd4wzdklqlxosv5deqenq6rusutxzcr7
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37315",
"uncompressed_offset": 412211761,
"url": "www.globalsiteplans.com/author/finbargillen/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://www.globalsiteplans.com/author/finbargillen/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Author Archive
May 14 2013
Tidal Wave Energy: Is it Ecologically Sustainable?
May 14th, 2013Posted by
Global energy demand continues to grow and tidal wave energy generation devices can provide a significant source of renewable energy. Technological developments in offshore engineering, and the rising cost of traditional energy, means that offshore energy resources will be economic in the next few years. Tidal wave energy is a form of hydropower that converts the energy [...]
Read full article No Comments |
April 30 2013
Commercial Onshore Wind Farms: A Threat to the Amenity of the Landscape
April 30th, 2013Posted by
The amount of wind power in the world is increasing quickly. The background for this development is improved technology, decreased costs for the units, and increased concern regarding environmental problems of competing technologies such as fossil fuels. The amount of wind power is not spread equally over the world, so in some areas, there is [...]
Read full article 1 Comment |
April 16 2013
Sustainable Farming in the 21st Century: Anaerobic Digestion in The Netherlands
April 16th, 2013Posted by
In the neighbourhood “Polderwijk“ of Zeewolde, The Netherlands, more than a thousand homes, schools and a churches are sustainably heated with green heating that is produced with the production of electricity from biogas. The project is a partnership between the municipality, a local energy company (Essent) and a farm (Van Beek) located 5 km from [...]
Read full article No Comments |
April 02 2013
Floating Life: Is It Achievable?
April 2nd, 2013Posted by
The Netherlands is a relatively small country, however it has a considerably sizeable population that is currently in and around 16.5 million. This makes it one of the most densely populated countries in the world, with almost 83% living in urban regions. It is an extremely low lying country with about 50% of its land [...]
Read full article No Comments |
March 19 2013
Micro Hydropower: An Underused Source of Renewable Energy?
March 19th, 2013Posted by
Climate change is seen as the major problem of our generation, and confronting it will mean action on how energy is sourced and the levels of demand. In 1990, the United Kingdom signed an agreement for reducing emission levels at least 80% by 2050. The Northern Ireland government has set a bold target in relation [...]
Read full article No Comments |
March 05 2013
Harvesting of Rainwater in the U.K.: Storm Water Management
March 5th, 2013Posted by
The UK is a rich western country with a population of 60 million. Average water use is 150 litres per person per day (55m3 per person per year). Although the perception (not least by its inhabitants) is that the UK is a wet country with plenty of rainfall, the reality is that the UK only [...]
Read full article No Comments |
February 19 2013
Fracking in Northern Ireland: Is it Sustainable for All?
February 19th, 2013Posted by
The process of shale gas exhaustion, fracking, has been used since the late 1940s to help get “that last bit” of conventional oil and gas out of the ground. Conventional means that it is easy to get out, not tightly trapped between, or in the rocks, which is essentially the definition of unconventional oil and [...]
Read full article No Comments |
February 05 2013
Community Participation in Renewable Energy Schemes
February 5th, 2013Posted by
Increasing renewable energy generation is fundamental for sustainable development. Over the last 10 years, interest has grown in the potential for communities to take a more active role in renewable energy development. Community renewable energy is associated with sustainable rural development and more locally appropriate projects. There is currently much interest in the scope for [...]
Read full article No Comments |
January 22 2013
Biking in Belfast: The Road to a Sustainable City
January 22nd, 2013Posted by
Cycling is one of the healthiest ways to get around our cities;providing valuable physical activity for people. This form of active transport can generate indirect public health benefits by reducing the use of vehicles, consequently reducing air, water, and noise pollution. Belfast, the leading city in Northern Ireland, is on the cusp of implementing a [...]
Read full article No Comments |
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:25:45.000Z
|
sao23y323c3gv6y6fdr7v5km4gt36mc4
|
{
"content_type": "application/xhtml+xml",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37319",
"uncompressed_offset": 429060742,
"url": "www.hindawi.com/journals/aaa/2013/612819/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://www.hindawi.com/journals/aaa/2013/612819/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
About this Journal Submit a Manuscript Table of Contents
Abstract and Applied Analysis
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 612819, 7 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/612819
Research Article
Existence Theorems for Quasivariational Inequality Problem on Proximally Smooth Sets
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
Received 1 November 2012; Accepted 23 December 2012
Academic Editor: Pavel Kurasov
Copyright © 2013 Jittiporn Suwannawit and Narin Petrot. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
The concept of quasivariational inequality problem on proximally smooth sets is studied. Some sufficient conditions for solving the existence of solutions of such a problem are provided; also some interesting cases are discussed. Of course, due to the significance of proximally smooth sets, the results which are presented in this paper improve and extend many important results in the literature.
1. Introduction and Preliminaries
Variational inequality theory is a branch of the mathematics which is important, and it was also the inspiration for researchers to find new works, both in terms of mathematics and applications such as in economics, physical, biological, and engineering science, and other applied sciences. In 1973, Bensoussan et al. [1] introduced and studied the concept of the quasivariational inequality, which is a generalized form of the classical variational inequality that introduced by Stampacchia [2]. Later, many researchers proposed and analyzed the concept of the generalized quasivariational inequality; see, for example [318]. It is worth mentioning that the quasivariational inequality problem is of interest to study, since in many important problems the considered set also depends upon the solutions explicitly or implicitly. In fact, the concept of the quasi variational inequality has been applied in many fields such as in economics and transportation equilibrium, control and optimization theory, mathematical programming, and game theory.
In the early period of the research, it should be pointed out that almost all the results regarding the existence and iterative schemes for solving those variational inequalities problems are being considered in the convexity setting. This is because they need the convexity assumption for guaranteeing the well definedness of the proposed iterative algorithm which depends on the projection mapping. However, in fact, the convexity assumption may not be required because it may be well defined even if the considered set is nonconvexs (e.g., when the considered set is a closed subset of a finite dimensional space or a compact subset of a Hilbert space, etc.). However, it may be from the practical point of view one may see that the nonconvex problems are more useful than convex case. Consequently, now many researchers are paying attention to many nonconvex cases.
Let be a mapping and let be a set-valued mapping, where is a family of all nonempty closed subsets of . In this paper, we are interested in the following problem: find such that where is denoted for the proximal normal cone of of . The problem of type (1) was introduced by Bounkhel et al. [19]. In such a paper, they proposed some iterative algorithms for finding a solution of type (1), when the considered mapping is a set-valued mapping, while, in this paper, we will provide sufficient conditions for the existence of a solution of such a problem (1). To do this, let us start by recalling some basic concepts and useful results that will be needed in this work.
Let be a real Hilbert space equipped with norm and inner product . Let be denoted for the class of all nonempty subsets of and denoted for the family of all nonempty closed subsets of .
For each , the usual distance function on to is denoted by , that is: Let and . A point is called the closest point or the projection of onto if The set of all such closest points is denoted by , that is: Further, for each , the proximal normal cone to at is given by
The following is called the proximal normal inequality; the proof of this characterization can be found in [20].
Lemma 1 (see [19]). Let be a closed subset of a Hilbert space . Then
We recall also [21] that the Clarke normal cone is given by where means the closure of the convex hull of . It is clear that one always has . The converse is not true in general. Note that is always a closed and convex cone and that is always a convex cone but may be nonclosed (see [20, 21]).
In 1995, Clarke et al. [22] have introduced and studied a new class of nonconvex sets, which are called proximally smooth sets. This class of proximally smooth sets has played an important part in many nonconvex applications such as optimization, dynamic systems, and differential inclusions. Subsequently, the proximally smooth sets have been proposed by many researchers. In recent years, Bounkhel et al. [19], Cho et al. [23], Moudafi [24], Noor [25], Noor et al. [26], Petrot [27], and Pang et al. [28] have considered both variational inequalities and equilibrium problems in the context of proximally smooth sets. They suggested and analyzed some projection type iterative algorithms by using the prox-regular technique and auxiliary principle technique. Here, we will take the following characterization proved in [20] as the definition of proximally smooth sets. Note that the original definition was given in terms of the differentiability of the distance function (see [22, 29]).
Definition 2. For a given , a subset of is said to be uniformly prox-regular with respect to , say, uniformly -prox-regular set, if for all and for all , one has
For the case of , the uniform -prox-regularity is equivalent to the convexity of (see [22]). Moreover, it is known that the class of uniformly prox-regular sets is sufficiently large to include the class -convex sets, submanifolds (possibly with boundary) of , the images under a diffeomorphism of convex sets, and many other nonconvex sets; see [20, 29].
From now on, we will denote for the class of all uniformly -prox-regular closed subset of , where is fixed positive real number. Also, for each , we write
Remark 3. If and are mappings, then the problem of type (1) is equivalent to the following problem: find such that see [19]. This means, in particular, that the problem (1) contains the well-known Stampacchia's variational inequality, as a special case.
The following lemma which summarizes some important consequences of the uniformly prox-regularity sets is needed in the sequel. The proof of this result can be found in [22, 29].
Lemma 4. Let and be a nonempty closed subset of . If is uniformly -prox-regular set, then the following holds. (i) For all . (ii) For all is Lipschitz with constant on . (iii) The proximal normal cone is closed as a set-valued mapping.
Remark 5. If is uniformly -prox-regular set, as a direct consequence of Lemma 4 (iii), we have .
The following definition and lemma are also needed, in order to obtain our main results.
Definition 6. A set-valued mapping is said to be -Lipschitz if there exists such that
Lemma 7 (see [19]). Let and let be a -Lipschitz set-valued mapping with uniformly -prox-regular values then the following closedness property holds: “For any and with and , one has .”
2. Main Results
In this paper, we are interested in the following classes of mappings.
Definition 8. Let be a mapping. Then is called (a)-strongly monotone if there exists such that (b)- Lipschitz if there exists such that That is, in other word, we will make the following assumption.
Assumption . Let and be mappings. (i) is a -strongly monotone and a -Lipschitz single-valued mapping; (ii) is a -Lipschitz set-valued mapping; (iii) there is such that
Remark 9. Let and , for some positive real numbers with . If we define by , where is a mapping defined by for , then we see that is a -Lipschitz mapping, and Assumption (iii) is satisfied with a constant . This means that Assumptions (ii) and (iii) are independent.
The following remark is very useful in order to prove our results. Before seeing that, for the sake of simplicity, let us make a notation: for each and , we will write .
Remark 10. Let , and be five positive real numbers such that , and . If is a function defined by for all , where , then is an increasing continuous function on its domain. Moreover, we can check that is an element of the range of .
Next, for a fixed positive real number , we pick a real number . Here, we notice that . Let us consider now a case when . Then, by the definition of and is an increasing continuous function, for we have that is, Since , this gives This allows us to take a real number such that where .
Now we are in a position to present our main results.
Theorem 11. Let be a single-valued mapping and let be a set-valued mapping. Assume that Assumption holds and the following control conditions are satisfied:(i) and , where ;(ii), where ; (iii), where and are defined as Remark 10.
If there is such that , where and is a real number corresponding to which is chosen as in (19), then the problem (1) has a solution.
Proof. Firstly, we will define a sequence in as follows: consider an element in such that ; we see that This means . Subsequently, by Lemma 4 (i), we know that . Let . So, by a choice of , we see that On the other hand, we see that Using this one together with (21), we obtain Note that, by , we have . So, since , by (23) we have Hence , and it follows that . Let . In the same way as obtaining (21) and (23), we see that By (25), we have By continuing this process, we can construct a sequence in such that for all .
Further, let us consider for each . This implies Write . From the previous argument, we see that the sequence also has a property that for all .
Next, we will show that is a convergent sequence, and its limit is nothing but a solution of the problem (1).
Now, by using the Assumption () (iii) and Lemma 4 (ii), we have Meanwhile, since is a -strongly monotone and -Lipschitz mapping, we see that Let . Observe that . Moreover, it follows that By replacing (33) into (31), we get Let . Then, by a choice of , one can check that . Subsequently, by (34), we have Hence, for any , we see that This implies that is a Cauchy sequence in , since . So, by the completeness of , there exists such that as .
We now finish the proof by showing that is a solution of problem (1). To do this, we will start by asserting that . Indeed, since and is a -Lipschitz mapping, we have Thus, since , we see that . So, by the closedness of , it guarantees that .
Next we show that . Let us observe that is equivalent to And this means Thus, by using the continuity of mapping , from Lemma 7 we see that . This implies , as required. This means that is a solution of the problem (1), and the proof is completed.
Remark 12. A condition which has been proposed in the assumptions of Theorem 11 is that “there is such that , where .” Here, in view of Remark 10 together with the following facts, one may see that our choice should be sharpest. (i). (ii) The function is an increasing function on its domain.(iii), where .
Remark 13. Assume that all assumptions of Theorem 11 hold. By starting with an element such that , a sequence which is defined by is well defined. Moreover, it is a convergent sequence and its limit is a solution of the problem (1).
Remark 14. Recall that a set-valued mapping is said to be Hausdorff Lipschitz if there exists a real number such that where stands for the Hausdorff distance relative to the norm associated with the Hilbert space , that is: It is easy to check that the class of Lipschitz mappings, which has been defined in Definition 6, is larger than the class of Hausdorff Lipschitz mappings. Thus, Theorem 11 can also be applied when the Assumption () (ii) is replaced by “ is -Hausdorff Lipschitz set-valued mapping.”
Remark 15. Let be a uniformly prox-regular closed subset of . If is defined by then we see that Assumptions () (ii) and (iii) are satisfied with a constant zero. In this case, Theorem 11 is reduced to a result which was presented by Petrot [27].
It is well known that if is a closed convex set, then it is -prox-regular set for every (see [22]). Using this fact, and by careful consideration of the proof of Theorem 11, one can see that control conditions (i) and (iii) of Theorem 11 can be omitted. So, we have the following results immediately.
Corollary 16. Let be a single-valued mapping and let be a set-valued mapping, where is a family of nonempty closed convex subset of . If the Assumption holds and , where , then the problem (1) has a solution.
Finally, in view of Remark 15 and Corollary 16, we can obtain the following classical result immediately.
Corollary 17. Let be a real Hilbert space, let be a closed convex subset of , and let be a single-valued mapping. If is a strongly monotone and Lipschitz single-valued mapping, then the problem (1) has a solution.
3. Conclusion
In this paper, we provide some conditions for the existence theorems of the quasivariational inequality problem on a class of nonconvex sets. In fact, there are two constraints on the assumptions of considered mapping in the main Theorem 11, that is, (i) is a strongly monotone and Lipschitz mapping, (ii) the range of mapping is a bounded set. Hence, these lead to some natural questions in the future works for relaxing these constraints. At this point, we desire that the results presented here will be useful for those researchers, because this paper may also be extended and generalized for considering the mutlivalued and set-valued extended general variational inequalities problems.
Acknowledgment
This work is supported by the Centre of Excellence in Mathematics, Commission on Higher Education, Thailand.
References
1. A. Bensoussan, M. Goursat, and J.-L. Lions, “Contrôle impulsionnel et inéquations quasi-variationnelles stationnaires,” vol. 276, pp. A1279–A1284, 1973. View at Zentralblatt MATH · View at MathSciNet
2. G. Stampacchia, “Formes bilinéaires coercitives sur les ensembles convexes,” vol. 258, pp. 4413–4416, 1964. View at Zentralblatt MATH · View at MathSciNet
3. M. Alimohammady, J. Balooee, Y. J. Cho, and M. Roohi, “Iterative algorithms for a new class of extended general nonconvex set-valued variational inequalities,” Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications A, vol. 73, no. 12, pp. 3907–3923, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Zentralblatt MATH · View at MathSciNet
4. J. Balooee and Y. J. Cho, “Algorithms for solutions of extended general mixed variational inequalities and fixed points,” Optimization Letters, p. 27, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
5. S. S. Chang, Variational Inequality and Complementarity Problem Theory with Applications, Shanghai Scientific and Technology Literature, Shanghai, China, 1991.
6. W. Chantarangsi, C. Jaiboon, and P. Kumam, “A viscosity hybrid steepest descent method for generalized mixed equilibrium problems and variational inequalities for relaxed cocoercive mapping in Hilbert spaces,” Abstract and Applied Analysis, vol. 2010, Article ID 390972, 39 pages, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Zentralblatt MATH · View at MathSciNet
7. S.-S. Chang, B. S. Lee, X. Wu, Y. J. Cho, and G. M. Lee, “On the generalized quasi-variational inequality problems,” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol. 203, no. 3, pp. 686–711, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Zentralblatt MATH · View at MathSciNet
8. Y. J. Cho and X. Qin, “Systems of generalized nonlinear variational inequalities and its projection methods,” Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications A, vol. 69, no. 12, pp. 4443–4451, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Zentralblatt MATH · View at MathSciNet
9. G. Gu, S. Wang, and Y. J. Cho, “Strong convergence algorithms for hierarchical fixed points problems and variational inequalities,” Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 2011, Article ID 164978, 17 pages, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Zentralblatt MATH · View at MathSciNet
10. N.-J. Huang, M.-R. Bai, Y. J. Cho, and S. M. Kang, “Generalized nonlinear mixed quasi-variational inequalities,” Computers & Mathematics with Applications, vol. 40, no. 2-3, pp. 205–215, 2000. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Zentralblatt MATH · View at MathSciNet
11. N. J. Huang, “On the generalized implicit quasivariational inequalities,” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol. 216, no. 1, pp. 197–210, 1997. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
12. C. Jaiboon and P. Kumam, “A general iterative method for solving equilibrium problems, variational inequality problems and fixed point problems of an infinite family of nonexpansive mappings,” Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computing, vol. 34, no. 1-2, pp. 407–439, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Zentralblatt MATH · View at MathSciNet
13. P. Kumam, “Strong convergence theorems by an extragradient method for solving variational inequalities and equilibrium problems in a Hilbert space,” Turkish Journal of Mathematics, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 85–98, 2009. View at Zentralblatt MATH · View at MathSciNet
14. X. Qin, M. Shang, and Y. Su, “Strong convergence of a general iterative algorithm for equilibrium problems and variational inequality problems,” Mathematical and Computer Modelling, vol. 48, no. 7-8, pp. 1033–1046, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Zentralblatt MATH · View at MathSciNet
15. X. Qin, M. Shang, and H. Zhou, “Strong convergence of a general iterative method for variational inequality problems and fixed point problems in Hilbert spaces,” Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 200, no. 1, pp. 242–253, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Zentralblatt MATH · View at MathSciNet
16. S. Suantai and N. Petrot, “Existence and stability of iterative algorithms for the system of nonlinear quasi-mixed equilibrium problems,” Applied Mathematics Letters, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 308–313, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Zentralblatt MATH · View at MathSciNet
17. Y. H. Yao, Y. C. Liou, and J. C. Yao, “An extra gradient method for fixed point problems and variational inequality problems,” Journal of Inequalities and Applications, vol. 2007, Article ID 38752, 12 pages, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
18. Y. Yao, Y.-C. Liou, and J.-C. Yao, “A new hybrid iterative algorithm for fixed-point problems, variational inequality problems, and mixed equilibrium problems,” Fixed Point Theory and Applications, vol. 2008, Article ID 417089, 15 pages, 2008. View at Zentralblatt MATH · View at MathSciNet
19. M. Bounkhel, L. Tadj, and A. Hamdi, “Iterative schemes to solve nonconvex variational problems,” Journal of Inequalities in Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol. 4, no. 1, 14 pages, 2003. View at Zentralblatt MATH · View at MathSciNet
20. F. H. Clarke, Yu. S. Ledyaev, R. J. Stern, and P. R. Wolenski, Nonsmooth Analysis and Control Theory, vol. 178, Springer, New York, NY, USA, 1998. View at MathSciNet
21. F. H. Clarke, Optimization and Nonsmooth Analysis, Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY, USA, 1983. View at MathSciNet
22. F. H. Clarke, R. J. Stern, and P. R. Wolenski, “Proximal smoothness and the lower C2 property,” Journal of Convex Analysis, vol. 2, no. 1-2, pp. 117–144, 1995. View at MathSciNet
23. Y. J. Cho, J. K. Kim, and R. U. Verma, “A class of nonlinear variational inequalities involving partially relaxed monotone mappings and general auxiliary problem principle,” Dynamic Systems and Applications, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 333–338, 2002. View at Zentralblatt MATH · View at MathSciNet
24. A. Moudafi, “An algorithmic approach to prox-regular variational inequalities,” Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 155, no. 3, pp. 845–852, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Zentralblatt MATH · View at MathSciNet
25. M. A. Noor, “Iterative schemes for nonconvex variational inequalities,” Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, vol. 121, no. 2, pp. 385–395, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Zentralblatt MATH · View at MathSciNet
26. M. A. Noor, N. Petrot, and J. Suwannawit, “Existence theorems for multivalued variational inequality problems on uniformly prox-regular sets,” Optimization Letters, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
27. N. Petrot, “Some existence theorems for nonconvex variational inequalities problems,” Abstract and Applied Analysis, vol. 2010, Article ID 472760, 9 pages, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Zentralblatt MATH · View at MathSciNet
28. L.-P. Pang, J. Shen, and H.-S. Song, “A modified predictor-corrector algorithm for solving nonconvex generalized variational inequality,” Computers & Mathematics with Applications, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 319–325, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Zentralblatt MATH · View at MathSciNet
29. R. A. Poliquin, R. T. Rockafellar, and L. Thibault, “Local differentiability of distance functions,” Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 352, no. 11, pp. 5231–5249, 2000. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Zentralblatt MATH · View at MathSciNet
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T07:52:06.000Z
|
ijw4vw4yocq7fnbnx5i2mshb2xmo6rov
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37322",
"uncompressed_offset": 449921070,
"url": "www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pl.cgi",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pl.cgi?195693"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Publication Listing
You are not logged in. If you create a free account and sign in, you will be able to customize what is displayed.
• Title: Envoy to New Worlds
• Authors: Keith Laumer
• Year: 1973-11-00
• Catalog ID: #20731
• Publisher: Ace
• Price: $0.95
• Pages: 134
• Binding: pb
• Type: COLLECTION
• Title Reference: Envoy to New Worlds
• ISFDB Record Number: 195693
• Notes:
Stated second Ace printing. [actually third over-all, twice as a single and once as a double]
Cover art not credited, but different from Emsh's cover art for Ace #20731 and #F-223 published in 1969 and 1963.
• Bibliographic Comments: Add new Publication comment (NVTNWWRLDS1973)
Cover art hosted by ISFDB
Contents (view Concise Listing)
Verification Status
Reference Status
Primary Verified by Ahasuerus on 2007-06-02 21:53:10
Clute/Nicholls Not Verified
Clute/Grant Not Verified
Contento1 (anth/coll) Not Verified
Locus1 Not Verified
Reginald1 Not Verified
Reginald3 Not Verified
Tuck Not Verified
Miller/Contento Not Verified
Bleiler1 (Gernsback) Not Verified
Currey Not Verified
Primary (Transient) Not Verified
Bleiler78 Not Verified
OCLC/Worldcat Not Verified
Primary2 Not Verified
Primary3 Not Verified
Primary4 Not Verified
Primary5 Not Verified
Copyright (c) 1995-2011 Al von Ruff.
ISFDB Engine - Version 4.00 (04/24/06)
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T09:01:38.000Z
|
4u5gpzealvc6gyjv2dfjckpnjijdrrgq
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37323",
"uncompressed_offset": 449929484,
"url": "www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?351"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Bibliography: Rage of a Demon King
You are not logged in. If you create a free account and sign in, you will be able to customize what is displayed.
Title: Rage of a Demon King
Author: Raymond E. Feist
Year: 1997
Type: NOVEL
Series: Serpentwar Saga
Series Number: 3
ISFDB Record Number: 351
User Rating: This title has fewer than 5 votes. VOTE
Current Tags: None Add Tags
Publications:
Reviews:
Copyright (c) 1995-2011 Al von Ruff.
ISFDB Engine - Version 4.00 (04/24/06)
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:48:12.000Z
|
otimwpc55nlqnuswanhl4ihzczcrfngj
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37333",
"uncompressed_offset": 491871792,
"url": "www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/4/10/1818",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/4/10/1818"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Materials 2011, 4(10), 1818-1834; doi:10.3390/ma4101818
Article
Multi-Echo-Based Echo-Planar Spectroscopic Imaging Using a 3T MRI Scanner
1 Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA 2 Medical Imaging Informatics (MII) Lab, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 2 September 2011; in revised form: 6 October 2011 / Accepted: 7 October 2011 / Published: 17 October 2011
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Field Magnetic Resonance Methods and Materials)
Download PDF Full-Text [813 KB, uploaded 17 October 2011 14:29 CEST]
Abstract: The use of spin-echoes has been employed in an Echo-Planar Spectroscopic Imaging (EPSI) sequence to collect multiple phase encoded lines within a single TR in a Multi-Echo-based Echo-Planar Spectroscopic Imaging technique (MEEPSI). Despite the T2 dependence on the amplitude of the spin-echoes, the Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) of the derived multi-echo Point Spread Function (PSF) is shown to decrease, indicating an improved overall spatial resolution without requiring any additional scan time. The improved spatial resolution is demonstrated in the one-dimensional (1D) spatial profiles of the N-Acetyl Aspartate (NAA) singlet along the phase encode dimension in a gray matter phantom. Although the improved spatial resolution comes at the expense of spectral resolution, it is shown in vivo that peak broadening due to T2* decay is more significant than the loss of resolution from using spin-echoes and therefore does not affect the ability to quantify metabolites using the LCModel fitting algorithm.
Keywords: multi-echo; echo-planar spectroscopic imaging
Article Statistics
Click here to load and display the download statistics.
Cite This Article
MDPI and ACS Style
Furuyama, J.K.; Burns, B.L.; Wilson, N.E.; Thomas, M.A. Multi-Echo-Based Echo-Planar Spectroscopic Imaging Using a 3T MRI Scanner. Materials 2011, 4, 1818-1834.
AMA Style
Furuyama JK, Burns BL, Wilson NE, Thomas MA. Multi-Echo-Based Echo-Planar Spectroscopic Imaging Using a 3T MRI Scanner. Materials. 2011; 4(10):1818-1834.
Chicago/Turabian Style
Furuyama, Jon K.; Burns, Brian L.; Wilson, Neil E.; Thomas, M. Albert. 2011. "Multi-Echo-Based Echo-Planar Spectroscopic Imaging Using a 3T MRI Scanner." Materials 4, no. 10: 1818-1834.
Materials EISSN 1996-1944 Published by MDPI AG, Basel, Switzerland RSS E-Mail Table of Contents Alert
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T09:01:31.000Z
|
jf5hinpmjx5tz3qz3b43y5aourt6dypf
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37334",
"uncompressed_offset": 512243992,
"url": "www.nanoscalereslett.com/content/7/1/251/abstract",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://www.nanoscalereslett.com/content/7/1/251/abstract"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Nano Express
Hydrogels containing redispersible spray-dried melatonin-loaded nanocapsules: a formulation for transdermal-controlled delivery
Cristiane RD Hoffmeister1, Taís L Durli1, Scheila R Schaffazick2, Renata P Raffin1,3, Eduardo A Bender1, Ruy CR Beck1*, Adriana R Pohlmann1,4 and Sílvia S Guterres1
Author Affiliations
1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. 2752, Porto Alegre, CEP, 90610-000, Brazil
2 Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Prédio 26 - Campus UFSM, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
3 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociência, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Rua dos Andradas, 1614, Santa Maria, 97010-032, Brazil
4 Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CP 15003, Porto Alegre, CEP 91510-970, Brazil
For all author emails, please log on.
Nanoscale Research Letters 2012, 7:251 doi:10.1186/1556-276X-7-251
Published: 15 May 2012
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop a transdermal system for controlled delivery of melatonin combining three strategies: nanoencapsulation of melatonin, drying of melatonin-loaded nanocapsules, and incorporation of nanocapsules in a hydrophilic gel. Nanocapsules were prepared by interfacial deposition of the polymer and were spray-dried using water-soluble excipients. In vitro drug release profiles were evaluated by the dialysis bag method, and skin permeation studies were carried out using Franz cells with porcine skin as the membrane. The use of 10% (w/v) water-soluble excipients (lactose or maltodextrin) as spray-drying adjuvants furnished redispersible powders (redispersibility index approximately 1.0) suitable for incorporation into hydrogels. All formulations showed a better controlled in vitro release of melatonin compared with the melatonin solution. The best controlled release results were achieved with hydrogels prepared with dried nanocapsules (hydrogels > redispersed dried nanocapsules > nanocapsule suspension > melatonin solution). The skin permeation studies demonstrated a significant modulation of the transdermal melatonin permeation for hydrogels prepared with redispersible nanocapsules. In this way, the additive effect of the different approaches used in this study (nanoencapsulation, spray-drying, and preparation of semisolid dosage forms) allows not only the control of melatonin release, but also transdermal permeation.
Keywords:
Hydrogels; Maltodextrin; Melatonin; Nanocapsules; Spray-drying; Lactose; Skin permeation; Transdermal delivery
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:37:50.000Z
|
w446hxvtawnhd242qs25sjrfniqdwp2q
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37347",
"uncompressed_offset": 532619363,
"url": "www.openwetware.org/index.php?curid=127657&oldid=677260&title=20.109%28S13%29%3APeople",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://www.openwetware.org/index.php?title=20.109(S13):People&curid=127657&oldid=677260"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
20.109(S13):People
From OpenWetWare
Revision as of 01:58, 18 February 2013 by Noa Ghersin (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
20.109(S13): Laboratory Fundamentals of Biological Engineering
Home Schedule Spring 2013 Assignments
DNA Engineering Protein Engineering Cell Engineering
This page lists the people involved in 20.109 for Spring 2013
Contents
Lecturers
Laboratory instructors
Writing instructors
Oral presentation instructors
Teaching assistants
Students
Add a link to your page by typing the name of your user page between double brackets
Tuesday/Thursday lab section
Wednesday/Friday lab section
Personal tools
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:21:04.000Z
|
senxzk7qksv5u5s6oy2nx6wnrdfoggjg
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37353",
"uncompressed_offset": 585201218,
"url": "www.seroundtable.com/photos/google-protestors-14095.html",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://www.seroundtable.com/photos/google-protestors-14095.html"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Google Antitrust Hearing Protestors
Sep 27, 2011 • 8:00 am | (0) by | Filed Under Search Engine Photo Of The Day
A picture from Danny Sullivan from when he was at the Google Anti Trust Hearing via Senate last week. Here is a protestor with the jacket, Track Team, Don't Be Evil. He posted this on Google +.
This post is part of our daily Search Photo of the Day column, where we find fun and interesting photos related to the search industry and share them with our readers.
Previous story: Jim Henson Google Doodle Mashup: 500 Miles by The Proclaimers
blog comments powered by Disqus
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T07:50:59.000Z
|
2nnpu65mp73f6s4x2a6jbvueq5c5lqnt
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37363",
"uncompressed_offset": 673578876,
"url": "www.werelate.org/wiki/Person:Samuel_Daniels_%284%29",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Person:Samuel_Daniels_(4)"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Person:Samuel Daniels (4)
m. est 1823
1. Son Daniels1825-1830 -
2. Sarah Ann Daniels1825 - 1907
3. Samuel D. Daniels1832 - 1900
m. 23 Feb 1857
1. George W Daniels1858 -
2. Robert M. Daniels1861 - 1937
3. Samuel D. Daniels1861 - BET 1861 AND 1866
4. Samuel D. Daniels1866 -
5. Louisa Sawyer Daniels1869 -
6. Sarah J. Daniels1872 -
7. Jane M. "Jennie" Daniels1874 -
8. John Murphy Daniels1877 - 1934
9. Martha W Daniels1882 -
Facts and Events
Name[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][11] Samuel D. Daniels
Gender Male
Birth[1][5][6][7][8] Oct 1832 Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Christening[13] 28 Jul 1833 Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United StatesOld St. George Methodist Episcopal Church
Residence? 1850 Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States350 South Front Street
Census[8] 1850 Southwark, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United StatesWard 1
Occupation? BET 1850 AND 1895 jeweler
Marriage 23 Feb 1857 Philadelphia, Pennsylvaniato Jane Ann Murphy
Residence? 1859 Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States1322 South 6th Street
Residence? 1860 Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States519 Wilder Avenue or 2nd Street below Almond
Residence? 1861 -1870 Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States1324 South 6th Street
Residence? 1870-1872 Camden, Camden, New Jersey, United States
Census[5] 6 Jul 1870 Camden, Camden, New Jersey, United StatesSouth Ward
Residence? 1875 Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States1212 South 4th Street
Census? 1880 Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Residence[6] 10 Jun 1880 Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States1149 South 18th Street
Residence? 1885 Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States1206 Moore Street
Residence[4] 1890 Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States1113 Moore Street
Census[11] June 1890 Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Residence? 1895 Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States1849 South 12th Street
Residence? 1899 Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States1211 Ritner Avenue
Census[7] 4 Jun 1900 Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States2435 Iseminger Street,Philadelphia Ward 39
Death[10][12] 1 Aug 1900 Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Burial? 5 Aug 1900 Evergreen Cemetery, Camden, Camden, New Jersey, United States
Genealogy well done. Exemplary WeRelate page with excellent use of original sources.
About Samuel Daniels
Samuel D. Daniels, son of Joshua and Mary (Reed) Daniels, was born in October 1832 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was baptized on July 28, 1833 at the Old St. George Methodist Episcopal Church in Philadelphia. Samuel's mother died when he was very young. His father soon remarried, marrying Ann Stradley on September 7, 1834 at the Old St. George Methodist Episcopal Church.
On the 1840 census in the 2nd ward, Southwark, Philadelphia, the household of Joshua Daniels contained a male, age 5 to 10, presumed to be his son Samuel. In 1850, Samuel lived at 350 South Front Street, Philadelphia. Samuel was a jeweler. He appeared on the census of 1850 in the household of his parents in the first ward of Southwark in Philadelphia. He married Jane Ann Murphy, daughter of William C. and Jane Murphy, on 23 February 1857 at the 4th Street home of Reverend Michael D. Kurtz. The marriage was recorded at the Wharton Street Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1859, Samuel and his father-in-law, William C. Murphy, lived 1322 South 6th Street, Philadelphia. In 1860, Samuel, his father, Joshua, and his uncle, James H. Daniel all worked at 308 Chesnut Street. The 1861 Philadelphia city directory shows two jewelry manufacturers at that address: Carros, Thibault & Co. and Rickards & Thompson. The 1860 Philadelphia city directory listed Samuel Daniels twice, once at 519 Wilder Avenue and once at 2nd Street below Almond. He has not been located on the 1860 census. Between 1861 and 1865, Samuel and William C. Murphy lived 1324 South 6th Street, Philadelphia.
Samuel D. Daniels was mustered-in on August 10, 1861 as a private of the 3rd Regiment of the Pennsylvania Infantry. This was a 'three years or the war' regiment, as opposed to earlier three month enlistments. The basis of this regiment, which later became the 72nd Pennsylvania Volunteers, was the Fire Zouaves, formed by Col. De Witt Clinton Baxter, and was mainly composed of volunteer firemen. Samuel's enlistment papers describe him as 5 feet 8 inches with a dark complexion, brown hair, and hazel eyes. For his service, Samuel could expect to receive a little more than $8 per month.
The regiment established its camp at Haddington, near the old Bull's Head tavern. On September 16, the regiment left for Washington. While at Camp Observation in Poolesville, Maryland, the Fire Zouaves were increased to fifteen companies, with a total roll of about 1600 officers and men. The 72nd spent the next six months on relatively peaceful guard duty and marches along the upper Potomac River and the Shenandoah Valley.
In the spring of 1862, Samuel was again at Camp Observation. One day, he was assigned to a detail to cut wood for the Second Brigade. He cut down a tree, carried it thirty yards to a wagon, and was throwing it off his shoulder when a pain took him in the small of his back. Samuel spent much of May and June of 1862 in Regimental Hospitals. From April 4 until August 22, the 72nd was participating in the Peninsular Campaign, leaving from and returning to Fortress Monroe. The regiment participated in the battles at Yorktown, Fair Oaks, Peach Orchard, Savage Station, Glendale, Malvern Hill, and Chantilly. On August 28 the 72nd reached Alexandria, Virginia, arriving near Manassas in time to assist in covering the retreat of Pope's force. The regiment also participated in the battle at Antietam on September 17, suffering heavy losses. The campaign ended with further losses in the occupation of Fredericksburg and operations at Chancellorsville.
The regiment was encamped at Falmouth, Virginia when Samuel was discharged on March 14, 1863. His papers cite 'deafness and general debility' and 'weakness of Lumbar Muscles' as reasons for his disability discharge. At that time of his discharge, Samuel was a private in Lieutenant H. J. Rorer's Company H of the 72nd regiment. The 72nd regiment was later sent to Gettysburg, reaching the field on July 1. The regiment suffered severe losses in the ensuing battle, losing almost half of its men.
From July to September of 1863, Samuel served in Company C of what he refers to as the 'First Coal Regiment'. This was probably the Fortieth Regiment Infantry, a ninety-day regiment mustered into service at Harrisburg. It was known as the 'First Coal Trade Regiment' since the Coal Trade of Philadelphia uniformed and armed the regiment and paid a bounty of 25 dollars to each recruit. Samuel's friend Archibald Fisher recalled '...I remember when we were away together in the 'coal regiment.' I and others used to joke with him about the peculiar way he would march at times and his explanation was that his back hurt him and he walked in that peculiar way to ease himself.' Apparently Samuel's back injury came in handy on a least one occasion, as Archibald stated '...I know he was exempted from the draft on that account. He and I were drafted at the same time and I remember I thought if I had a discharge and was disabled as he was I would save three hundred dollars.'
After leaving the service, Samuel found a job as a stone setter at Cassoins Teabold Company Jewelers in Philadelphia. Samuel's back injury became a life-long disability. His friend and co-worker, Archibald Fisher, recalled that Samuel '...has several times described his feeling to me as a 'distressed feeling,' very painful some times and he would often have to quit work.' Between 1866 and 1870, Samuel lived at 1324 South 6th Street. The family lived for a short time in Camden, New Jersey, before returning to Philadelphia. Samuel D. Daniels appeared on the census of 1870 in the South ward, Camden County, New Jersey. In 1875, Samuel lived at 1212 South 4th Street, Philadelphia. In 1879, Samuel lived 1149 South 18th Street, Philadelphia. Samuel and Jane appeared on the census of 1880 with their children George, Robert, Samuel, Louisa, Sarah, Jennie and John 1206 Moore Street, Philadelphia.
Samuel's back injury often prevented him from working, causing him finally, around 1880, to apply for military disability benefits. Samuel was eventually granted a disability pension. The affidavits filed with his pension claim give some insight into his life. Archibald Fisher, Samuel's friend and co-worker, recalled an outing with Samuel which occurred around 1872 or 1873. Archibald stated that '...he [Samuel] and I went up Timber Creek in a row boat. I had to do all the rowing, he said he could not row on account of his back. I remember this more distinctly on account of just being vaccinated myself and that I rowed with difficulty.' Tamie Ringler stated '...that she keeps and eating stand in the vicinity of the Thirteenth and Fifteenth Street passenger railway depot and in that capacity met the said Daniels daily twice a day during the time he was engaged with the company, a period of about two years beginning at about the year eighteen hundred and seventy four...' She said '...that during the time he ate his meals with her he appeared to be suffering with his back and often complained to her that he had great misery there; that from the way he described his feeling she believed it to be lumbago. That he used to stop in for his morning meals and sometimes complain to her that he did not believe he could 'hold out the day,' his back hurt him so badly.' In 1885, Samuel lived at 1206 Moore Street. In 1890, Samuel lived at 1113 Moore Street, Philadelphia, with his children George, Robert and Samuel. In 1895, Samuel lived at 1849 South 12th Street, Philadelphia. In 1899, Samuel lived 1211 Ritner Avenue, Philadelphia. On 20 May 1900, the following notice appeared in "The Philadelphia Inquirer":
'Since last Tuesday Samuel D. Daniels, aged 68 years, has been missing from his home, 2434 South Iseminger street. His family cannot account for his absence and would welcome any information concerning his whereabouts.
He is a man of medium height, dark complexion, dark eyes, gray beard and mustache, and weighs about 125 or 130 pounds. When he left home he wore a soft black hat, dark trousers and striped neglige shirt, but it is not known whether he had a coat on or not'
Although no followup article was found, Samuel must have been located, as Samuel and Jane appeared on the census on 4 June 1900 with their children George and Martha at 2435 Iseminger Street. Samuel had apparently retired, as no occupation was given on the census.
Samuel D. Daniels died on 1 August 1900 in Philadelphia at age 67 of valvular heart disease. An obituary for Samuel was published on 4 August 1900 The Philadelphia Inquirer:
"DANIELS – On August 1, 1900, Samuel D. Daniels, aged 68 years. Funeral services on Sunday afternoon, at 1 o’clock, at his late residence, 2434 South Iseminger street. (Thirteenth and Ritner streets). Interment private."28
He was buried on 5 August 1900 Evergreen Cemetery, Camden, Camden County, New Jersey.
Citations
1840 U.S. census, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Co., page 62, Joshua Daniels.
"City Directories of the US", Daniels Saml., jeweler (1859 McElroy's); Daniels Samuel, jeweler (1861 McElroy's); Daniels Samuel D., jeweller (1864, 1870 McElroy's; 1875, 1880, 1885, 1890, 1895 Gopsill's).
Register of Marriages, 1841-1864, Wharton Street Methodist Episcopal Church , Sameul S. Daniels & Jane A. Murphy entry, 23 Feb 1857.
"City Directories of the US", Daniels Saml., jeweler, 1322 S 6th (1859 McElroy's).
"City Directories of the US", 1860 Cohen's: Daniels Jas. jewel. 308 Chestnut. h 327 N 12th, Daniels Samuel jeweller, 308 Chestnut, h 2d bel Almond.
"City Directories of the US", 1860 Cohen's - Daniels Samuel jeweller, 308 Chestnut, h 2d bel Almond; Daniels Samuel jeweller, 519 Wilder; 1860 McElroy's - Daniels Samuel D., jeweler, 510 Wilder.
"City Directories of the US", Daniels Samuel, jeweler, 1324 S 6th (1861 McElroy's); Daniels Samuel D., jeweller, 1324 S 6th (1864 McElroy's).
International Genealogical Index (IGI), extracted data, Batch #390969: Samuel D. Daniels, son of Samuel D. and Jane A. Daniels, 3 Jul 1861, Philadelphia.
"City Directories of the US", Daniels Samuel D., jeweller, h 1324 S 6th (1870 McElroy's).
"City Directories of the US", Daniels Samuel d.. jeweller, h 1212 S 4th (1875 Gopsill's).
"City Directories of the US", Daniels Samuel D., Jeweller, h 1149 s 18th (1880 Gopsill's); Daniels George W., clerk, h 1149 S 18th (1880 Gopsill's).
"City Directories of the US", Daniels Samuel D., jeweller, h 1206 Moore (1885 Gopsill's; Daniels George W., restaurant, h 1206 Moore (1885 Gopsill's).
"City Directories of the US", Daniels Samuel, jeweller, h 1113 Moore (1890 Gopsill's; Daniels George w., restaurant, Old Passy'k av n River rd. h 1113 Moore (1890 Gopsill's); Daniels Robert M., hatter, h 1113 Moore (1890 Gopsill's); Daniels Samuel D., waiter, h 1113 Moore (1890 Gopsill's).
"City Directories of the US", Daniels Saml D., jeweler, h 1849 S 12th; (1895 Gopsill's); Daniels Geo W., segars, Pt Breeze, h 1849 S 12th (1895 Gopsill's).
"City Directories of the US", Daniels Saml D., h 1211 Ritner (1900 Gopsill's); Daniels Geo W., restaurant, Schuy'l av n W Passy'k av, h 1211 Ritner (1900 Gopsill's).
Letter, Laura Loyburg to Lauren Mahorter, List of those buried in Sec. D, lot 156, of Evergreen Cemetery, Camden, NJ; death date for Samuel Daniels given as 8/1/1890.
Image Gallery
References
1. 1.0 1.1 Samuel D. Daniels, in U.S. Civil War Soldiers, 1861-1865.
Birth Place: Pennsylvania
2. Samuel D. Daniels, in Civil War Service Records, Box:554; Extraction:26; Record:288.
3. Samuel D. Daniels, in Civil War Pension Index: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934.
4. 4.0 4.1 Samuel Daniels, in Philadelphia City Directory, 1890.
Residence Date: 1890; Residence Place: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Samuel Daniels, in United States. 1870 U.S. Census Population Schedule, Census Place: , , ; Roll: M593.
Birth Date: abt 1866, Birth Place: Pennsylvania, Residence Date: 1870, Residence Place: Camden South Ward, Camden, New Jersey
6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 Samuel Daniels, in United States. 1880 U.S. Census Population Schedule, Census Place: Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Roll: T9_1167; Family History Film: 1255167; Page: 303.1000; Enumeration District: 20; Image: 0025.
Birth Date: abt 1832; Birth Place: Pennsylvania; Residence Date: 1880; Residence Place: Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 Samuel D Daniels, in United States. 1900 U.S. Census Population Schedule. (National Archives Microfilm Publication T624), Census Place: Philadelphia Ward 39, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Roll: T623 1480; Page: 5A; Enumeration District: 1007. (1900 U.S. census, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Co., Philadelphia, ED 1007, sheet 5, line 36.
Birth Date: Oct 1832; Birth Place: Pennsylvania; Residence Date: 1900; Residence Place: Philadelphia Ward 39, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 Samuel Daniels, in United States. 1850 U.S. Census Population Schedule, Census Place: Southwark Ward 1, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Roll: M432_821; Page: 34; Image: 70.
Birth Date: abt 1832; Birth Place: Pennsylvania; Residence Date: 1850; Residence Place: Southwark Ward 1, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
9. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The Philadelphia Inquirer. (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), page 3, 20 May 1900.
GenealogyBank.com, database and digital images: "Since last Tuesday Samuel D. Daniels, aged 68 years, has been missing from his home, 2434 South Iseminger street. His family cannot account for his absence and would welcome any information concerning his whereabouts.
He is a man of medium height, dark complexion, dark eyes, gray beard and mustache, and weighs about 125 or 130 pounds. When he left home he wore a soft black hat, dark trousers and striped neglige shirt, but it is not known whether he had a coat on or not."
10. Samuel D. Daniels obituary, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The Philadelphia Inquirer. (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), page 12, 4 Aug 1900.
index and digital images at GenealogyBank: 'DANIELS – On August 1, 1900, Samuel D. Daniels, aged 68 years. Funeral services on Sunday afternoon, at 1 o’clock, at his late residence, 2434 South Iseminger street. (Thirteenth and Ritner streets). Interment private."
11. 11.0 11.1 United States. 1890 Veterans Schedules. (Washington, D.C.), Census Place: Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Roll: 78; Page: 1; Enumeration District: 27.
Residence date: June 1890; Residence place: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
12. Samuel D. Daniels, in Philadelphia (Pennsylvania). Board of Health. Death registers, 1860-1903. (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania).
Samuel D. Daniels; White; Male; age: Sixty-eight (68) years; Married; date of death: August 1, 1900; cause of death: Valvular disease of Heart; occupation: Jeweler; place of birth: Philadelphia; ward: 27 ward; street: 2434 Iseminger Street; date of burial: August 5 1900; place of burial: Evergreen Cemtery, Camden N.J.
13. Pennsylvania, United States. Pennsylvania, Church and Town Records, 1708-1985. (Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011).
Old St. George Methodist Episcopal Church, Baptisms, 1833, page 192
"July 28, Samuel son of Joshua and Mary Daniels, 9 months"
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:53:29.000Z
|
d5jow6lgaga5itjmuhkbpffnmkgad3yv
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37364",
"uncompressed_offset": 673609222,
"url": "www.werelate.org/wiki/Place:Mandeville%2C_St._Tammany%2C_Louisiana%2C_United_States",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:38.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:403d504a-92b8-4703-b5c7-8b1d4c1d1064>",
"warc_url": "http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Place:Mandeville%2C_St._Tammany%2C_Louisiana%2C_United_States"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Place:Mandeville, St. Tammany, Louisiana, United States
Watchers
NameMandeville
TypeCity
Coordinates30.369°N 90.078°W
Located inSt. Tammany, Louisiana, United States
source: Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names
source: Family History Library Catalog
the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia
Mandeville is a city in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 11,560 at the 2010 census. Mandeville is located on the North Shore of Lake Pontchartrain, south of Interstate 12. It is across the lake from the city of New Orleans and its southshore suburbs. It is part of the New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner metropolitan area.
History
the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia
The area had long been agricultural land when the town of Mandeville was laid out in 1834 by developer Bernard Xavier de Marigny de Mandeville, more often known as Bernard de Marigny. In 1840 Mandeville was incorporated as a town. It became a popular summer destination for well-to-do New Orleanians wishing to escape the city's heat.
In the mid-19th century, regular daily steamboat traffic between New Orleans and Mandeville began, and by the end of the Victorian era, it had become a popular weekend destination of the New Orleans middle class as well. Bands would play music on the ships going across the lake and at pavilions and dance halls in Mandeville, and the town became one of the first places where the new "jazz" music was heard outside of New Orleans. Bunk Johnson, Buddy Petit, Papa Celestin, George Lewis, Kid Ory, Edmond Hall, Chester Zardis, and many other early jazz artists regularly played in Mandeville.
In the late 19th century, Mandeville was home of the Harvey School, a college preparatory institution. Among those educated there was Andrew Querbes, then of New Orleans and later the mayor of Shreveport.
Two buildings from early jazz history still stand in Mandeville. Ruby's Roadhouse has been in continuous operation since the 1920s and is still a popular bar and live music venue today. The Dew Drop Social and Benevolent Hall, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, opened in January 1895. It closed with the onset of the Great Depression and was only used for storage for decades, preserving the dance hall unchanged from the early 20th century, until it reopened in 2000 as the Dew Drop Jazz & Social Hall, a live jazz venue. (This was one of the earliest "Dew Drop" dance halls; venues across the South were similarly named, including the club in New Orleans where Little Richard got his start.)
In 1956, the first span of the Lake Pontchartrain Causeway opened to automobile traffic. A second span was added in 1969. The new road spurred the growth of Mandeville and the surrounding area as a suburban commuter community for people working in New Orleans. This trend increased in the 1980s and 1990s, further integrating Mandeville into the Greater New Orleans metropolitan area.
Mandeville is home to Southeast Louisiana Hospital, a mental health facility. Louisiana governor Earl Long was committed here in 1959 amidst much controversy. In July of 2012, the Louisiana State Department of Health announced the closure of the hospital, citing reduced federal money for Medicaid.
Mandeville is also home to the largest certified southern live oak tree, the Seven Sisters Oak.
Mandeville was affected by Hurricane Katrina's storm surge in August 2005 and received water and wind damage. Parts of the city also experienced less dramatic flooding when Lake Pontchartrain overflowed its banks due to Hurricane Ike in 2008. By 2009, most of the reconstruction from Katrina was completed. Many homes and businesses in areas that experienced flooding have been elevated.
Mandeville was named one of the Relocate America Top 100 Places to Live in 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, and 2009.[1]
Research Tips
This page uses content from the English Wikipedia. The original content was at Mandeville, Louisiana. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with WeRelate, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T09:00:39.000Z
|
3jepwjfm5xbcbshgopspqplei7vluw5p
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37380",
"uncompressed_offset": 8599051,
"url": "archive.mises.org/16472/the-fed-obliterates-the-savings-ethic/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://archive.mises.org/16472/the-fed-obliterates-the-savings-ethic/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
1. Skip to navigation
2. Skip to content
3. Skip to sidebar
Source link: http://archive.mises.org/16472/the-fed-obliterates-the-savings-ethic/
The Fed Obliterates the Savings Ethic
April 13, 2011 by
Lord Keynes was constantly worried that people were saving too much and consuming too little — thus the need for more and cheaper money to stimulate the economy. Mr. Bernanke is nothing if not a good Keynesian, and his low rates make even the savviest question whether to forgo consumption.
FULL ARTICLE by Doug French
Previous post:
Next post:
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:59:46.000Z
|
qbfzsjiauo6nqdldsu6z4s5ckotji7zo
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37391",
"uncompressed_offset": 21785837,
"url": "blog.mozilla.org/mrz/2008/11/03/my-kids-the-california-academy-of-sciences/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://blog.mozilla.org/mrz/2008/11/03/my-kids-the-california-academy-of-sciences/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
My Kids & the California Academy of Sciences
CA Academy of Sciences, Living Roof
This is far from my normal Mozilla related posts but worthwhile enough that I feel like sharing it.
I took my two children to the California Academy of Sciences this weekend. I wasn’t sure what to expect but since it’s new (or newly opened) and I enjoy these types out outings with my children, this become our weekend activity.
It’s a combination aquarium (which saves me a trip to Monterey), natural history museum, planetarium, and rain forest. The rain forest is enclosed in a 4-story glass-like globe with a winding staircase that, I think, lead to the roof top. The line was too long to bother going in with two children who clearly wanted to run around and explore instead. There was also a great outdoor area on the west side of the building where the kids had fun running around while having snacks.
One of the places I’ve missed from Chicago was the Field Museum. The natural history part wasn’t anything as large as Chicago’s but was good enough to make me want to go back.
The absolute best, however, was when at bed time when my five-year old son told me that today was the best day ever. So thanks, Academy. You’ll be getting my membership application soon.
Things learned:
1. Buy tickets beforehand. The lines were really long and the Planetarium was sold out by the time we got there.
2. Let the kids loose and let them tell you where to go and what to look at. Turns out they know how to explore best.
3. Get a membership.
4. Museum has guest WiFi.
Tags:
Categories: Non Work
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:39:46.000Z
|
nt63qr2pw4vqy6ux6uxiwm6dlr5j7jlp
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37404",
"uncompressed_offset": 34613682,
"url": "ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ass/article/view/1080/0",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ass/article/view/1080/0"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
An Application and Study of Chinese Traditional Culture in Modern Art
Wei Wang, Futing Wang
Abstract
Art design is a kind of culture which is formed and developed on the basis of the material production practice of human beings. It is the combination of the physical and mental culture of a race in a relative period, and can be inherited and shared. The splendid Chinese racial culture and cultural spirit was formed in the longstanding history. The racial cultures haven’t disappeared in the modernization and globalization, but have been reapproved and further affirmed. The practice had proved that only learning from the traditional culture and basing on one’s own racial culture can make the art designs have high values and status in the world.
Full Text: PDF
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Asian Social Science ISSN 1911-2017 (Print) ISSN 1911-2025 (Online)
Copyright © Canadian Center of Science and Education
To make sure that you can receive messages from us, please add the 'ccsenet.org' domain to your e-mail 'safe list'. If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox', check your 'bulk mail' or 'junk mail' folders.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T07:47:37.000Z
|
ssshsxkzq4umygkawvq6ivhqpsty7qmf
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37406",
"uncompressed_offset": 34624395,
"url": "ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijc/article/view/11003",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijc/article/view/11003"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Study on the Electrode Materials of Electrochemical Capacitor
Xiaolai Liu, Jin Li
Abstract
Super capacitor is a kind of new energy-storage component developed in recent years, with many advantages such as large energy-storage capacity, light quality, pollution free, multiple charging and discharging. Starting from the principle, development, and application of capacitor, the electrode materials including activated carbon fiber, carbon nano tube (CNT), ordered mesoporous carbon, and graphene used for the super capacitor are introduced in this article.
Full Text: PDF
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
International Journal of Chemistry ISSN 1916-9698 (Print) 1916-9701 (Online)
Copyright © Canadian Center of Science and Education
To make sure that you can receive messages from us, please add the 'ccsenet.org' domain to your e-mail 'safe list'. If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox', check your 'bulk mail' or 'junk mail' folders.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:53:26.000Z
|
37nxfuvxpbavkyqufuxwiljplxms2qbv
|
{
"content_type": "application/xhtml+xml",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37415",
"uncompressed_offset": 41037191,
"url": "cnx.org/content/m19205/1.1/content_info",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://cnx.org/content/m19205/1.1/content_info"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Connexions
Sections
You are here: Home » Content » Matrices Homework -- Homework: Introduction to Matrices
About: Matrices Homework -- Homework: Introduction to Matrices
Module by: Kenny M. Felder. E-mail the author
View the content: Matrices Homework -- Homework: Introduction to Matrices
Metadata
Name: Matrices Homework -- Homework: Introduction to Matrices
ID: m19205
Language: English (en)
Summary: This module provides practice problems which develop concepts related to matrices.
Subject: Mathematics and Statistics
Keywords: algebra, matrices, matrix
Document Type: -//CNX//DTD CNXML 0.5 plus MathML//EN
License: Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 2.0
Authors: Kenny M. Felder (KFelder@RaleighCharterHS.org)
Copyright Holders: Kenny M. Felder (KFelder@RaleighCharterHS.org)
Maintainers: Kenny M. Felder (KFelder@RaleighCharterHS.org)
Latest version: 1.1 (history)
First publication date: Oct 13, 2008 10:14 am -0500
Last revision to module: Jan 7, 2009 3:22 pm -0600
Downloads
PDF: m19205_1.1.pdf PDF file, for viewing content offline and printing. Learn more.
EPUB: m19205_1.1.epub Electronic publication file, for viewing in handheld devices. Learn more.
XML: m19205_1.1.cnxml XML that defines the structure and contents of the module, minus any included media files. Can be reimported in the editing interface. Learn more.
Source Export ZIP: m19205_1.1.zip ZIP containing the module XML plus any included media files. Can be reimported in the editing interface. Learn more.
Version History
Version: 1.1 Jan 7, 2009 3:22 pm -0600 by Kenny M. Felder
Changes:
Initial publication.
How to Reuse and Attribute This Content
If you derive a copy of this content using a Connexions account and publish your version, proper attribution of the original work will be automatically done for you.
If you reuse this work elsewhere, in order to comply with the attribution requirements of the license (CC-BY 2.0), you must include
• the authors' names: Kenny Felder
• the title of the work: Matrices Homework -- Homework: Introduction to Matrices
• the Connexions URL where the work can be found: http://cnx.org/content/m19205/1.1/
See the citation section below for examples you can copy.
How to Cite and Attribute This Content
The following citation styles comply with the attribution requirements for the license (CC-BY 2.0) of this work:
American Chemical Society (ACS) Style Guide:
Felder, K. Matrices Homework -- Homework: Introduction to Matrices, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/m19205/1.1/, Jan 7, 2009.
American Medical Assocation (AMA) Manual of Style:
Felder K. Matrices Homework -- Homework: Introduction to Matrices [Connexions Web site]. January 7, 2009. Available at: http://cnx.org/content/m19205/1.1/.
American Psychological Assocation (APA) Publication Manual:
Felder, K. (2009, January 7). Matrices Homework -- Homework: Introduction to Matrices. Retrieved from the Connexions Web site: http://cnx.org/content/m19205/1.1/
Chicago Manual of Style (Bibliography):
Felder, Kenny. "Matrices Homework -- Homework: Introduction to Matrices." Connexions. January 7, 2009. http://cnx.org/content/m19205/1.1/.
Chicago Manual of Style (Note):
Kenny Felder, "Matrices Homework -- Homework: Introduction to Matrices," Connexions, January 7, 2009, http://cnx.org/content/m19205/1.1/.
Chicago Manual of Style (Reference, in Author-Date style):
Felder, K. 2009. Matrices Homework -- Homework: Introduction to Matrices. Connexions, January 7, 2009. http://cnx.org/content/m19205/1.1/.
Modern Languages Association (MLA) Style Manual:
Felder, Kenny. Matrices Homework -- Homework: Introduction to Matrices. Connexions. 7 Jan. 2009 <http://cnx.org/content/m19205/1.1/>.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:39:52.000Z
|
ps5dblds453mhtzflnsf75xtbjixi25y
|
{
"content_type": "application/xhtml+xml",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37416",
"uncompressed_offset": 41059665,
"url": "cnx.org/content/m42470/1.5/content_info",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://cnx.org/content/m42470/1.5/content_info"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Connexions
Sections
You are here: Home » Content » Image Formation by Lenses
About: Image Formation by Lenses
Module by: OpenStax College. E-mail the author
View the content: Image Formation by Lenses
Metadata
Name: Image Formation by Lenses
ID: m42470
Language: English (en)
Summary:
• List the rules for ray tracking for thin lenses.
• Illustrate the formation of images using the technique of ray tracking.
• Determine power of a lens given the focal length.
Subject: Science and Technology
Keywords: Camera, Concave lens, Converging lens, Convex lens, Diverging lens, Eye, Focal length, Focal point, Lens, Power, Real image, Virtual image
License: Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 3.0
Authors: OpenStax College (info@openstaxcollege.org)
Copyright Holders: Rice University (daniel@openstaxcollege.org)
Maintainers: OpenStax College (info@openstaxcollege.org), OSC Physics Maintainer (info@openstaxcollege.org)
Latest version: 1.5 (history)
First publication date: Jan 17, 2012 3:29 pm -0600
Last revision to module: Jul 5, 2012 9:32 pm -0500
Downloads
PDF: m42470_1.5.pdf PDF file, for viewing content offline and printing. Learn more.
XML: m42470_1.5.cnxml XML that defines the structure and contents of the module, minus any included media files. Can be reimported in the editing interface. Learn more.
Version History
Version: 1.5 Jul 5, 2012 9:32 pm -0500 by OSC Physics Maintainer
Changes:
image updates and LO modification
Version: 1.4 Jun 20, 2012 10:20 am -0500 by OSC Physics Maintainer
Changes:
Post Words and numbers QA
Version: 1.3 Jun 13, 2012 3:27 pm -0500 by OSC Physics Maintainer
Changes:
Review changes
Version: 1.2 May 16, 2012 4:51 pm -0500 by OSC Physics Maintainer
Changes:
initial content publication
Version: 1.1 Jan 20, 2012 7:05 pm -0600 by OSC Physics Maintainer
Changes:
Created module
How to Reuse and Attribute This Content
If you derive a copy of this content using a Connexions account and publish your version, proper attribution of the original work will be automatically done for you.
If you reuse this work elsewhere, in order to comply with the attribution requirements of the license (CC-BY 3.0), you must include
• the authors' names: OpenStax College
• the title of the work: Image Formation by Lenses
• the Connexions URL where the work can be found: http://cnx.org/content/m42470/1.5/
See the citation section below for examples you can copy.
How to Cite and Attribute This Content
The following citation styles comply with the attribution requirements for the license (CC-BY 3.0) of this work:
American Chemical Society (ACS) Style Guide:
OpenStax College. Image Formation by Lenses, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/m42470/1.5/, Jul 5, 2012.
American Medical Assocation (AMA) Manual of Style:
OpenStax College. Image Formation by Lenses [Connexions Web site]. July 5, 2012. Available at: http://cnx.org/content/m42470/1.5/.
American Psychological Assocation (APA) Publication Manual:
OpenStax College. (2012, July 5). Image Formation by Lenses. Retrieved from the Connexions Web site: http://cnx.org/content/m42470/1.5/
Chicago Manual of Style (Bibliography):
OpenStax College. "Image Formation by Lenses." Connexions. July 5, 2012. http://cnx.org/content/m42470/1.5/.
Chicago Manual of Style (Note):
OpenStax College, "Image Formation by Lenses," Connexions, July 5, 2012, http://cnx.org/content/m42470/1.5/.
Chicago Manual of Style (Reference, in Author-Date style):
OpenStax College. 2012. Image Formation by Lenses. Connexions, July 5, 2012. http://cnx.org/content/m42470/1.5/.
Modern Languages Association (MLA) Style Manual:
OpenStax College. Image Formation by Lenses. Connexions. 5 July 2012 <http://cnx.org/content/m42470/1.5/>.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T07:50:49.000Z
|
qufnmahcupczknsrlhfabvoetxahqlsi
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37425",
"uncompressed_offset": 51113991,
"url": "daviswiki.org/Wiki_Resources",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://daviswiki.org/Wiki_Resources"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Wiki Resources
Info Talk
Search:
The primary resource of the Davis Wiki is the editors themselves... what they have seen, remembered and known. Other resources have been written about Davis that are good sources of information. This entry is intended to be a wiki editor resource for sources of information in Davis, not a direct resource for people just looking for information about Davis, so rather than listing, say, individual books, link to the books entry. This is basically a link list of resources for wiki editors willing to visit these sources (people and places) and read through or ask them for information that they have. If you're looking for general wiki topics, check out the Wiki Community.
Actions
Carry a notebook or even just a blank card and pen. If you see something around town that is neat, jot it down and add it to the wiki later. Make sure you add enough detail so you'll remember it later and have enough to search for more information (or allow other wiki editors to help you expand the information). A few keywords are often not what you want... try a full sentence. Or if you carry a device that lets you edit the wiki make your edit while looking directly at the source material.
Talk to neighbors and strangers. In lines while waiting, many people are willing to take a moment and chat; the town you live in is a good topic, and you can learn things outside your own circle.
Take photos, either with a camera or your cell phone. Your cell phone might not have a great camera for photos actually used on the wiki, but it is a great way to make a note about something that should go on the wiki. Many photos on the wiki have been taken with cell phones and serve as useful illustrations of the topic. Carrying a camera is a habit that most of the most active editors have. A photo is a wonderful starting place to work out from, even if you never use the actual photo itself. Also check the photo requests page for new ideas.
Random page is also a cool place for finding ideas.
Publications
There are some books about Davis or that mention parts of Davis in them. The Special Collections room at Shields Library has the entire set of UCD yearbooks available for browsing, they're in the glass cases in the reading room. The Society of Wiki Historical Researchers is a good group to talk to about these and coordinate with.
The local media covers current events and past archives are available in Shields Library on Microfilm. In 2007, the microfilm reading room added two brand new microfilm scanners. Bring a flash drive and scan images from 100 years of Davis Enterprise and California Aggie. It's easy, it's fun, and it's interesting to see how things were different, or the same, in the past. Physical copies only go back a few months. Regional and national media would pick up on the most important developments, but it's like looking for a needle in a haystack. Find the dates when Davis made national news, then dig through The Bee or bigger papers.
Federal and local records, such as land ownership, births and death records are available.
Groups
Individuals
Wiki
This is a Wiki Spot wiki. Wiki Spot is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization that helps communities collaborate via wikis.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T09:02:40.000Z
|
6cvucplzx3txbm2x2oum76wjylb3w3pf
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37429",
"uncompressed_offset": 65549131,
"url": "elinux.org/index.php?diff=prev&oldid=187622&title=ECE497_Beagle_VNS",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://elinux.org/index.php?title=ECE497_Beagle_VNS&diff=prev&oldid=187622"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Difference between revisions of "ECE497 Beagle VNS"
From eLinux.org
Jump to: navigation, search
(Work Breakdown)
(Hardware)
Line 62: Line 62:
[[File:BeagleBone_256x249.jpg|320px|thumb|right|BeagleBone]]
[[File:BeagleBone_256x249.jpg|320px|thumb|right|BeagleBone]]
[[File:PlayStation-Eye.png|320px|thumb|right|PlayStation Eye]]
+
[[File:PlayStation-Eye.png|thumb|right|PlayStation Eye]]
[[File:Belkin_N150_Micro_Wireless_USB_Adapter.jpg|320px|thumb|right|Belkin N150 Micro Wireless USB Adapter]]
+
[[File:Belkin_N150_Micro_Wireless_USB_Adapter.png|thumb|right|Belkin N150 Micro Wireless USB Adapter]]
*BeagleBone
*BeagleBone
Revision as of 17:55, 3 November 2012
Embedded Linux Class RHIT
by Tom Atnip, Kevin Geisler, Ruffin White
Contents
Executive Summary
Where is Dr. Yoder?
I'll leave him a message
We wanted a way for students to be able to leave audio (and possibly video) messages for professors when they are out of their office. Using a BeagleBoard Bone, we plan to connect a wireless USB device and a PlayStation Eye to achieve this. Students will be able to walk up to the device and press a button to record their message which will then be available for the professor.
At this time, we have a method for capturing audio for a specified amount of time and encoding that recording into a mp3 file. We also have python script that allows the user to send email messages to another email by running a script. We also have a working external power source for the beagle.
The wireless usb adapter does not work at this time. We are still trying to get recompile the kernel to install and enable the driver for this wireless adapter.
Overall we are looking at creating a c program that will record the audio while the button is being pressed. Once the button has been released the program will encode the raw audio into mp3 format, and then attach it via an email and send it to the owner of the Beagle VNS system.
Software
• Angstrom A5 Image
In order to use the camera drivers for the playstation eye you will need to install the A5 image on the beagle bone. To do this you will need to download the A5 image. Then you will need to install this image on the sd card of the BeagleBone using the instructions bases on ECE 497 Exercise 03 Installing a Beagle OS.
• github
In order to use the project code for the Beagle VNS, you will need github installed in order to download the code. If you do not have github there are instruction on how to install it on the ECE Exercise 16 web page.
To download the code for the Beagle VNS run the following code:
beagle$ git clone https://github.com/geislekj/BeagleBoardVNS.git
• Python
Python is natively installed on the Beagle operating system. However it is important to note that the program will be using a python script to send email.
• ALSA
The project uses ALSA drivers in order to record audio from a microphone device.
In order to download the ALSA drivers you will need to run the following commands:
beagle$ opkg update
beagle$ opkg install alsa-utils-aplay alsa-utils-amixer
• Lame
Lame is a audio encoder that will take raw audio and convert it into an mp3 format.
To install the lame onto the beagle board you will need to run the following command.
beagle$ opkg install lame
• GStreamer
GStreamer is an application that allows the user to capture video from a camera for multiple types of solutions. For this project, it is being used to capture an image of the person leaving a message.
Instructions to install GStreamer is still in the process of being developed.
Hardware
BeagleBone
PlayStation Eye
Belkin N150 Micro Wireless USB Adapter
• BeagleBone
This project is design primarily for the BeagleBone, but could be implemented on any other Beagle Board given the proper driver installation for the USB hardware and available GPIOs. The BeagleBone is applicable for this project due to is small size, low power consumption, and networking capabilities. Make sure to use the A5 image of Ångström as the A6 image is still buggy with respect to audio/video capturing, as well as using the USB WiFi drivers.
Further BeagleBone documentation can be found on the official Beagle Board website.
This device can be found available here
• Camera
In this project tutorial, we will be using the PlayStation Eye as the audio and video source to recod messages and capture face images. The PlayStation Eye is very compatible with the A5 image of Ångström and used in many other Beagle embedded Linux projects.
This device can be found available here
• Wifi dongle
Here we would like to use a WiFi dongle to easily connect to surrounding wireless networks for ease of installation and placement in the remote stretches of hallways and doorframes. We will need we will need network connectivity to transmit e-mails and recording attachments over to an available e-mail server account. In particularly we are using the Belkin N150 Micro Wireless USB Adapter.
Although this device is not natively supported with the stock A5 image of Ångström, a brief tutorial has already been made on how to compile and install the device drivers for this particular wireless USB adapter: Belkin Micro Wi-Fi USB dongle on the BeagleBoard
• Battery Pack and USB Hub
To again better a ease installation and quick deployment for our system we are using a battery pack to provide power for the BeagleBone, the WiFi dongle and the USB camera. Due to the hottest limitations of the Beagle bones single USB port, in addition to the limited amount of current that the single USB port can provide, we will also use a USB hub with power adapter to solve both issues.
Specific products we are using included Duracell Instant USB Charger and Gigaware® USB 4-Port Hub
• Doorbell
In order for the end user to trigger the recording sequence, we will implement a traditional mechanical momentary pushbutton that will connect to the BeagleBone’s GPIO using the enabled internal pull-up resistors.
• LED
As a simple display, our project will utilize a simple LED as an indicator for the user that the audio is currently being recorded and that a face capture will be taken.
User Instructions
• Basic Command Line Examples
In order to give you a feel to how the program is capturing and sending emails. Here is a short run down of how the program works
• Audio Capture
In order to capture audio, the project uses arecord. This application allows you to grab audio from a microphone that is attached to your device and save to the current directory in a raw format.
Here is an example command that allows you to record audio and then pipe the audio into aplay to instantaneously hear feedback:
beagle$ arecord -D plughw:1,0 | aplay
In order to encode the audio into mp3 format, you will need to pipe the audio into lame instead of aplay.
Here is an example of this:
beagle$ arecord -D plughw:2,0 -r 16000 -f S16_LE -c 2 -t raw -d 3 | lame -s 16 -r - blackbird.mp3
For more information about ALSA and how to use many of its interesting features visit | Jan Axelson's Lakeview Research web page
• Email Script
A python mail client that prompts the user for information to send an email with optional attachments.
python smtp-mail-client-attachments.py
Send To (Separated by a comma):
Files (Separated by a comma):
Send From: beagle497@gmail.com #Must use this email for now
Subject:
Message:
Highlights
Here is where you brag about what your project can do.
Include a YouTube demo.
Theory of Operation
Give a high level overview of the structure of your software. Are you using GStreamer? Show a diagram of the pipeline. Are you running multiple tasks? Show what they do and how they interact.
Work Breakdown
List the major tasks in your project and who did what.
Also list here what doesn't work yet and when you think it will be finished and who is finishing it.
1. Acquire Hardware - Ruffin
Done
2. Set up project page - Tom & Kevin
Page made and updated
3. Get USB wireless to work - Kevin & Ruffin
This is not working at this time for A6 image
4. Get PlayStation Eye to work - Tom
Audio working, need to use A5 image
Passing capture video on to Ruffin
5. Get BeagleBoard Bone to run off a battery pack - Ruffin
Done
6. Register an email for the BeagleBoard - Ruffin
Google acound made, along with Gmail and Google vouice accounts
7. Create an email script to send email with attachments - Tom
Email sending
8. Encode the raw audio from ALSA into mp3 format - Kevin
Able to record on bone, use lame to convert file, and SCP to send to PC and listen to the recording
9. Capture an image using GStreamer - Kevin & Tom
This is still being developed
10. Create a C program to capture the audio and listen for GPIO inputs - Kevin & Ruffin
This is still being developed
11. Putting all the pieces together - Tom, Kevin, & Ruffin
Making c file for initializing GPIOs, interrupts and start up scripts for VNS server
Code
Python
import smtplib, os
from email.MIMEMultipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.MIMEBase import MIMEBase
from email.MIMEText import MIMEText
from email.Utils import COMMASPACE, formatdate
from email import Encoders
def send_mail():
#This version promts the user to specify recipient, files,
#subject, and message. The version for incorperating in the
#notifier will need to read from a preferences file that
#should be modifiable by the user.
send_to = raw_input("Send To (Separated by a comma): ")
files = raw_input("Files (Separated by a comma): ")
send_to=send_to.split(',')
files=filter(None, files.split(','))
#Make sure that we are working with a list
assert type(send_to)==list
assert type(files)==list
send_from = raw_input("Send From: ")
subject = raw_input("Subject: ")
#Create a message object that we will be sending
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = send_from
msg['To'] = COMMASPACE.join(send_to)
msg['Date'] = formatdate(localtime=True)
msg['Subject'] = subject
text = raw_input("Message: ")
msg.attach( MIMEText(text) )
#Attach files to message
for f in files:
part = MIMEBase('application', "octet-stream")
part.set_payload( open(f,"rb").read() )
Encoders.encode_base64(part)
part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment; filename="%s"' % os.path.basename(f))
msg.attach(part)
#Open up a connection to the gmail servers on port 587
server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com',587) #port 465 or 587
server.ehlo()
server.starttls()
server.ehlo()
#password = getpass()
password="beagleece497"
server.login(send_from, password)
server.sendmail(send_from,",".join(send_to),msg.as_string())
server.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
send_mail()
Future Work
Suggest addition things that could be done with this project.
1. Web Interface using HTML and NodeJS
Parts
Beagle Bone
PlayStation Eye
Belkin N150 Micro Wireless USB Adapter
Duracell Instant USB Charger
Gigaware® USB 4-Port Hub
Conclusions
Give some concluding thoughts about the project. Suggest some future additions that could make it even more interesting.
Need More Cake
Embedded Linux Class RHIT
by Tom Atnip, Kevin Geisler, Ruffin White
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:18:36.000Z
|
xi4xgrxmj6mffjtkjdxun3th44cpfca4
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37460",
"uncompressed_offset": 107794857,
"url": "ipkitten.blogspot.com/2009/11/because-i-told-you-before-ooohhhhh-you.html",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://ipkitten.blogspot.com/2009/11/because-i-told-you-before-ooohhhhh-you.html"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
For the half-year to 30 June 2013, the IPKat's regular team is supplemented by contributions from guest bloggers Stefano Barazza, Matthias Lamping and Jeff John Roberts.
Two of our regular Kats are currently on blogging sabbaticals. They are Birgit Clark and Catherine Lee.
Friday, 6 November 2009
“Because I told you before, ooohhhhh you can’t do that”
Fans of The Beatles will recognize the title of this piece as a line from The Beatles’ song “You Can’t Do That” -- and that is exactly what EMI’s labels, including Capitol Records, told BlueBeat.com when it filed a federal lawsuit against them in the US on Tuesday.
EMI filed the copyright infringement and unfair competition suit against BlueBeat.com, their sister site BaseBeat.com, their Santa Cruz-based parent company Media Rights Technologies and the CEO Hank Risan for making available the entire Beatles catalogue listed at $0.25 (15p) per track, which is below what a potential industry standard for these songs would be (generally around $0.99 – $1.49). IPKat readers are reminded that The Beatles catalogue has never been available legally online and in the past month has been subject to a heavily promoted remastered reissue by EMI.
Other artists’ music such as Blondie, Blur, Coldplay, Radiohead and Norah Jones are also subject to the complaint.
The complaint stated that not only had EMI not authorized the defendants’ use of the recordings but that they had
“recently sought to register their infringing sound recordings with the Copyright Office, apparently claiming that because they copied the sound recordings using their own computer system, they now own these digital copies and have the right to distribute them to the public.”
Indeed the defendants have contended in their filing of opposition to the claimants’ application for a preliminary injunction that their re-recordings of the sound recordings are “entirely new and original sounds” and the claimants’ “copyright protection does not extend to the independent fixation of sounds other than those contained in their copyrighted records.” Specifically, the defendants are arguing that their sound recordings fall within the exception in Section 114(b) of the Copyright Act which states:
“The exclusive rights of the owner of a copyright in a sound recording under clauses (1) and (2) of section 106 do not extend to the making or duplication of another sound recording that consist entirely of an independent fixation of other sounds, even though such sounds imitate or simulate those in the copyrighted sound recording…”
These “entirely different" sound recordings were created by something called “psycho-acoustic simulation” (yes, you read that correctly…) and was notified by CEO Hank Risan to Steve Marks, general counsel for the Recording Industry Association of America, in a series of emails. For a full explanation of “psycho-acoustic simulation” and to see the emails that were exhibited to the defendants’ opposition, please click here.
The IPKat is of the opinion that this argument is going to go nowhere pretty quickly; the statute says “imitate or simulate” not “replicate”.
The claimants are seeking an injunction and general damages to be determined or statutory damages for each infringed copyright (a maximum of £150,000 per infringement). The claimants are additionally seeking exemplary or punitive damages.
The track “You Can’t Do That” was, at the time of this article, still available for purchase on BlueBeat.com so the IPKat assumes that BlueBeat in fact “can”, at least for now.
For further information see these articles in the Guardian, Wired, and Wall Street Journal.
Lyrics of "You Can't Do That" here; ringtone here
UPDATE: Late yesterday U.S. District Judge John F. Walter granted the claimant's preliminary injunction with the effect that the defendants were to immediately stop selling The Beatles' and other artists' music. The IPKat just checked the site and the music has indeed been removed.
Subscribe to the IPKat's posts by email here
Just pop your email address into the box and click 'Subscribe':
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:50:23.000Z
|
wfsowgsi4viz2jrxij4dkgti4mh4moqe
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37465",
"uncompressed_offset": 114524741,
"url": "kauaimark.blogspot.com/2005/08/triage.html",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://kauaimark.blogspot.com/2005/08/triage.html"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Search This Blog
Loading...
Tuesday, August 30, 2005
Triage...
CES-OG-G1
At first, things started smoothly with these seventeen first graders.
Then, while returning from the first recess one of the girls said she didn’t feel well and wanted to go to the health office. As a second year veteran substitute teacher, I know that the kids are always trying to get out of class to the bathroom, health office or anyplace that’s not in the classroom. Instead, I applied the medicinal cure-all wet paper towel. She was happy with that, but I kept an eye on her just in case.
Ten minutes later I sent her off to the health office with a note. She was back less than ten minutes after that with a note from the school nurse saying she seems fine now and her temperature was 99F. It WAS a hot day and the kids WERE running around at recess.
By the time lunch bell rang she looked a lot worse and was complaining about a headache so I dropped her off at the health office once again on the way to deliver the rest of the kids to the cafeteria. During lunch I got word that she was going home with a temp of 102F
After the lunch recess, the yard duty people informed me that another one of the girls in my class had fallen on her back from the monkey bars and was being sent home.
Back from lunch, yet another girl was staring at the ceiling while pointing to her bloody nose while the boy next to her pulled up his pant leg and promptly picked a scab off his knee that started bleeding.
YIKES! In less than half a day, almost 25% of my class is sick, maimed or injured! Fortunately the wet paper towel cure worked on my last two mini-patients. I closed out the day reporting only a 12% medical emergency loss of students in my report to the teacher.
What a day. I hope I can get through the next class injury free.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T07:41:24.000Z
|
fzjx276776i3bqxtr465tvvi3njssrus
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37492",
"uncompressed_offset": 161253520,
"url": "openwetware.org/index.php?curid=111806&oldid=684649&title=User%3AEtienne_Robillard%2FNotebook%2FChemtrails911_notebook",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://openwetware.org/index.php?title=User:Etienne_Robillard/Notebook/Chemtrails911_notebook&curid=111806&oldid=684649"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
User:Etienne Robillard/Notebook/Chemtrails911 notebook
From OpenWetWare
Jump to: navigation, search
Search this Project
Customize your entry pages
Contents
This page is old! For updated info on Agent E.coli see this page.
The project is currently licensed under GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.3.
License
Copyright (C) 2012 Etienne Robillard
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document Under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
Contents
Abstract
Chemtrails is a recent phenomenon I started to observe around 2009.
At this time I had very little knowledge about geoengineering or even basic chemistry. I then started to familiarize myself with such phenomenons as they began to occupy further lines of dissipated white lines across unaffected clouds. I then further observed the phenomenon, and noted down the dates of such "phenomenons" taking guess on their physical attributes and noticed they were from man-operated aircrafts or some kind of cloaked aerial origin. (geoengineering, synthetic biology)
WW2 (World war 2) was for me a couple of popular American movie scenes including films and other things dealing with Jews being intoxicated with poisonous gas in concentration camps. I was not very interested in them and neither in the chemotherapy eugenic "science" which resulted in thousands of deaths. (chemotherapy)
Synopsis
Welcome to the chemtrails scientific notebook version 1.0! The main goal and objective of this wiki is to inform and educate the reader to the inherent ethical and scientific issues with aerosol-based spraying over domestic populations. Moreover, key evidences are put together to develop a theory about the implications of synthetic biology in the so-called geoengineering program and in particular for denying its existence to the general public.
Credits
TODO
History
TODO
Preliminary Results and Dataset
1. Hard evidences tying synthetic biology to the rogue and repeated chemical warfare (CW) spraying operations over domestic populations were found and analyzed . [1] [ENVZ]
2. So far our observations provides empirical data to demonstrate a clear and directed relationship between each components of a orthogonal biological circuit to induce horizontal genetic modifications (HGT) in unaware human populations. [2] [RIBOSWITCH]
3. Thus it appears likely the method of operation of the clandestine aerosol spraying operations are part of a larger, state-sponsored bioterrorism program or orthogonal platform for human-based experimentations with novel psychochemical compounds, including but not limited to, Ketamine, Arylcyclohexylamines derivatives, MK-801, PCP, and 1,2,3,4-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines analogs. [3]
4. In addition, the nature and origins of theses synthetic compounds have been associated to German pharmaceutical companies which were also active during the Nazi regime, thus raising fundamental and unanswered questions on the dual-purpose functions associated to theses chemical agents. [4]
Synthetic deoxyoligonucleotide assembly using enantioselective phosphoramidites (cDNA/DNA/RNA polymerase II)
• Furthermore, the role of the LuxR gene and part BBa_F2620 suggests a functional system to activate HGT upon light induced signals and from an inducible chemical promoter known as L-Beta-Arabinose (pBAD). [5]
• Keywords: DNA, chromatin, purines, oligonucleotides, phosphoramidites
cDNA synthesis using deoxynucleoside phosphoramidite derived reagents
• The use of benzilic-like reagents (benzaldehyde, benzoic acid) and 1 2-cyanoethyl group (acetonitrile) are in addition believed to be employed as organocatalysts (phosphotransferase) to increase the effectiveness of the administred compound or drug, and facilitate inter-species gene transfer using the LacZ operon (b-galactosidase) and activate high-throughput RNA transcription. (RNA type-II polymerase) [6]
Quotes by topic
Deceit and disinformation:
• "During times of universal deceit, telling the truth becomes a revolutionary act." -- George Orwell (1984)
Duty:
• "We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender." -- Winston Churchill
• "We have now sunk to a depth at which restatement of the obvious is the first duty of intelligent men." -- George Orwell
• "It is no use saying, 'We are doing our best.' You have got to succeed in doing what is necessary." -- Winston Churchill
Courage:
Science:
• "A central lesson of science is that to understand complex issues (or even simple ones), we must try to free our minds of dogma and to guarantee the freedom to publish, to contradict, and to experiment. Arguments from authority are unacceptable." -- Carl Sagan
Resources
• Agent E.coli:
• Agent Ecoli:Introduction to Agent E.coli : A mutant lifeform (genome) designed to restate and reaffirm your insanity of living emprisonated into a creed of lies in exchange of your liberty, consciousness, and love for yourself.
• Agent Ecoli:PhosphohistidineTransferaseComponent : a recombinant DNA-protein ligase is not unbreakable per se and can be degraded with phosphorus-degrading enzymes in a catalytic process known as N-methyl nucleosidase synthesis. The Phosphohistidine transferase enzyme (EC 2.7.13.3) is activated from dual-input inducible promoters forming DNA acid with phosphorus-bound nucleosides, namely ATP (Adenosine 5'-triphosphate) and cAMP (CRP). So to break a synthetic ATP ligand, one must perhaps first break the chiral P-N bond to create energy (ATP) for the brain and allow CNP to participate in the phosphorus degradation.
• Agent Ecoli:PhotoreceptorComponent : The photoreceptor component of Agent E. coli (Agent Cocaine) may be closely associated to the mAChr receptor, a neurotransmitter with high-affinity for acetylcholinesterase inhibition found in many toxic nerve agents used for chemical warfare, which are blocking the mAchr receptor to phosphorylate, thus producing plaques of b-amyloids toxic aggregates in the hippocampus and amygdala regions, short-circuiting your consciousness to express feelings and emotions apart when asking you to resolve 2+2=5.
• Agent Ecoli:Plasmid cloning vectors for gene therapy with phosphohistidine based oligos
• Agent Ecoli:ForensicEvidencesChart: Current synthesis and results triage project
• Miscellanous:
• NK603 : Eugenics now in gene form!
• HEK 293 : Are Human Embryonic Kidney cells lineage a hazard for your health ?
See also
Biology:
Synthetic Biology:
Peoples:
Wikipedia:
Recent news
Recent changes
17 May 2013
N 10:41 User:Etienne Robillard/Notebook/Chemtrails911 notebook/2013/05/17/ (2 changes) . . (+983) . . (Page history) [Etienne Robillard (2×)]
See you in space cowboy
• Chuck: My dear friend, how would you be such a clever scientist without spraying unaware citizens in the wild? The device you designed at school would not even operate properly...
• Oracle: They are victims of visual hallucinations. No one want you to discuss this.
• Chuck: Fair enough. I'm becoming anxious of attempting to discuss rationally with psychotics.
• Oracle: Anxiety is a normal thing for humans. Remember that!
Personal tools
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:40:51.000Z
|
3x6m5jlfwoushmkme6kmj2tkw63xic2l
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37507",
"uncompressed_offset": 175111774,
"url": "quotationsbook.com/quote/48099/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://quotationsbook.com/quote/48099/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Quotation added by JamesJDye
Why not add this quote to your bookmarks?
You can't go too far; the objective of the poem is to blow people's heads off. Dye, James
Search on Google Books to find all references and sources for this quotation.
A bit about Dye, James ...
We don't have a biography.
These people bookmarked this quote:
• Nobody has bookmarked this quote yet.
More on the author
This quote around the web
Loading...
Search Quotations Book
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:41:37.000Z
|
rlhczfw3ybcwsvoo2a5lgc2xcaexxcoe
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37508",
"uncompressed_offset": 175117806,
"url": "quotationsbook.com/quote/gift/2964/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://quotationsbook.com/quote/gift/2964/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
It's easy! Just pick the product you like and click-through to buy it from trusted partners of Quotations Book. We hope you like these personalized gifts as much as we do.
Make and then buy your OWN fantastic personalized gift from this quote
An aristocracy in a republic is like a chicken whose head has been cut off: it may run about in a lively way, but in fact it is dead. Mitford, Nancy
Make a fabulous personalised bracelet or other form of jewellery with this quote
Click the banner below to pick the kind of jewellery you'd like ...
Choose something popular ...
Make a custom wrapped canvas ...
Make custom holiday cards ...
Make custom t-shirts ...
Make custom holiday gifts for boys ...
Make custom holiday gifts for girls ...
Make custom holiday gifts for men ...
A selection of more great products and gifts!
212 - The Extra Degree
The one extra degree makes the difference. This simple analogy reflects the ultimate definition of excellence. Because it's the one extra degree of effort, in business and life, that can separate the good from the great. This powerful book by S.L. Parker and Mac Anderson gives great examples, great quotes and great stories to illustrate the 212° concept. A warning - once you read it, it will be hard to forget. Your company will have a target for everything you do ... 212°
Click here to buy this »
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:26:02.000Z
|
tenexp3525hupesqmffvzdz4qunk5jjh
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37509",
"uncompressed_offset": 175129144,
"url": "quotationsbook.com/quotes/author/5448/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://quotationsbook.com/quotes/author/5448/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Quotes by Oh, Sadaharu
Japanese baseball legend Sadaharu Oh..
"The opponents and I are really one. My strength and skills only half of the equation. The other half is theirs. An opponent is someone whose strength joined to yours creates a certain result."
Oh, Sadaharu on opponents
Take a look at recent activity on QB!
Search Quotations Book
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:59:58.000Z
|
e34qhyiqoys2ya2oc32oeswdu4t4zsge
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37510",
"uncompressed_offset": 179330684,
"url": "redsarmy.com/2008/04/13/celebrate-sam/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://redsarmy.com/2008/04/13/celebrate-sam/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Celebrate Sam
RedsArmyAdmin April 13, 2008 Uncategorized 2 Comments
I'm not gonna lie… this is my favorite T-shirt design so far.
And let's face it… Sam Cassell is going to be a key player off the bench for the playoffs.
So let's celebrate Sam Cassell's emergence for the Celtics by picking up a specially priced sam.i.am shirt for only $12.99.
Like this Article? Share it!
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T07:45:31.000Z
|
fdjuijotmfseday6t6pypf33aemcocez
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37572",
"uncompressed_offset": 250966945,
"url": "www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs%40.nsf/Latestproducts/3A6F513947095FCCCA25720A000492B0",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/3A6F513947095FCCCA25720A000492B0?opendocument"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
2901.0 - Census Dictionary, 2006 (Reissue)
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 17/11/2006 Reissue
Page tools: Print Page RSS Search this Product
SEXP
First release
Sex This variable records each person's sex. If sex is not stated it is imputed.
See also the 'Derivations and imputations' entry in the Glossary.
Applicable to: All persons
1 Male
2 Female
Total number of categories: 2
Previous PageNext Page
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T09:04:54.000Z
|
ef3dpcg4ztwfx2iylpgjghowxxq6jwvq
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37573",
"uncompressed_offset": 250973853,
"url": "www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs%40.nsf/Previousproducts/8731.0Glossary1Jul%202005?issue=Jul+2005&prodno=8731.0&tabname=Notes",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Previousproducts/8731.0Glossary1Jul%202005?opendocument&tabname=Notes&prodno=8731.0&issue=Jul%202005&num=&view="
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
8731.0 - Building Approvals, Australia, Jul 2005
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 31/08/2005
Page tools: Print Page Print All RSS Search this Product
Accommodation
Buildings primarily providing short-term or temporary accommodation, and includes the following categories:
• Self-contained, short-term apartments (e.g. serviced apartments)
• Hotels (predominantly accommodation), motels, boarding houses, cabins
• Other short-term accommodation n.e.c. (e.g. migrant hostels, youth hostels, lodges).
Aged care facilities
Building used in the provision or support of aged care facilities, excluding dwellings (e.g. retirement villages). Includes aged care facilities with and without medical care.
Agriculture/aquaculture
Buildings housing, or associated with, agriculture and aquaculture activities, including bulk storage of produce (e.g. shearing shed, grain silo, shearers’ quarters).
Alterations and additions
Building activity carried out on existing buildings. Includes adding to or diminishing floor area, altering the structural design of a building and affixing rigid components which are integral to the functioning of the building.
Alterations and additions to residential buildings
Alterations and additions carried out on existing residential buildings, which may result in the creation of new dwelling units. See also Explanatory Notes, paragraph 13.
Building
A building is a rigid, fixed and permanent structure which has a roof. Its intended purpose is primarily to house people, plant, machinery, vehicles, goods or livestock. An integral feature of a building’s design is the provision for regular access by persons in order to satisfy its intended use.
Commercial
Buildings primarily occupied with or engaged in commercial trade or work intended for commercial trade, including buildings used primarily in wholesale and retail trades, office and transport activities.
Conversion
Building activity which converts a non-residential building to a residential building, e.g. conversion of a warehouse to residential apartments. Conversion is considered to be a special type of alteration, and these jobs have been separately identified as such from the July 1996 reference month, though they have only appeared separately in this publication from the January 1998 issue. Prior to that issue, conversions were published as part of the ‘Conversions, etc.’ category or included elsewhere within a table. See also Explanatory Notes, paragraph 13.
Dwelling unit
A dwelling unit is a self-contained suite of rooms, including cooking and bathing facilities and intended for long-term residential use. Regardless of whether they are self-contained or not, units within buildings offering institutional care (e.g. hospitals) or temporary accommodation (e.g. motels, hostels and holiday apartments) are not defined as dwelling units. Such units are included in the appropriate category of non-residential building approvals. Dwelling units can be created in one of four ways: through new work to create a residential building; through alteration/addition work to an existing residential building; through either new or alteration/addition work on non-residential building or through conversion of a non-residential building to a residential building.
Educational
Buildings used in the provision or support of educational services, including group accommodation buildings (e.g. classrooms, school canteens, dormitories).
Entertainment and recreation
Buildings used in the provision of entertainment and recreational facilities or services (e.g. libraries, museums, casinos, sporting facilities).
Factories
Buildings housing, or associated with, production and assembly processes of intermediate and final goods.
Flats, units or apartments
Dwellings not having their own private grounds and usually sharing a common entrance, foyer or stairwell.
Health
Buildings used in the provision of non-aged care medical services (e.g. nursing quarters, laboratories, clinics).
House
A house is a detached building primarily used for long term residential purposes. It consists of one dwelling unit. For instance, detached ‘granny flats’ and detached dwelling units (e.g. caretaker’s residences) associated with a non-residential building are defined as houses. Also includes 'cottages', 'bungalows' and rectories.
Industrial
Buildings used for warehousing and the production and assembly activities of industrial establishments, including factories and plants.
New
Building activity which will result in the creation of a building which previously did not exist.
Non-residential building
A non-residential building is primarily intended for purposes other than long term residential purposes. Note that, on occasions, one or more dwelling units may be created through non-residential building activity. Prior to the January 1998 issue of this publication, they have been included in the ‘Conversions, etc.’ column in tables showing dwelling units approved. They are now identified separately (e.g. see table 9). However, the value of these dwelling units cannot be separated out from that of the non-residential building which they are part of, therefore the value associated with these remain in the appropriate non-residential category.
Offices
Buildings primarily used in the provision of professional services or public administration (e.g. offices, insurance or finance buildings).
Other dwellings
Includes all dwellings other than houses. They can be created by: the creation of new other residential buildings (e.g. flats); alteration/addition work to an existing residential building; either new or alteration/addition work on a non-residential building; conversion of a non-residential building to a residential building creating more than one dwelling unit.
Other residential building
An other residential building is a building other than a house primarily used for long-term residential purposes. An other residential building contains more than one dwelling unit. Other residential buildings are coded to the following categories: semidetached, row or terrace house or townhouse with one storey; semidetached, row or terrace house or townhouse with two or more storeys; flat, unit or apartment in a building of one or two storeys; flat, unit or apartment in a building of three storeys; flat, unit or apartment in a building of four or more storeys; flat, unit or apartment attached to a house; other/number of storeys unknown. The latter two categories are included with the semidetached, row or terrace house or townhouse with one storey category in table 11 and 12 of this publication.
Religious
Buildings used for or associated with worship or in support of programs sponsored by religious bodies (e.g. church, temple, church hall, dormitories).
Residential building
A residential building is a building consisting of one or more dwelling units. Residential buildings can be either houses or other residential buildings.
Retail/wholesale trade
Buildings primarily used in the sale of goods to intermediate and end users.
Semidetached, row or terrace houses, townhouses
Dwellings having their own private grounds with no other dwellings above or below.
Transport
Buildings primarily used in the provision of transport services, and includes the following categories:
• Passenger transport buildings (e.g. passenger terminals)
• Non-passenger transport buildings (e.g. freight terminals)
• Commercial car parks (excluded are those built as part of, and intended to service, other distinct building developments)
• Other transport buildings n.e.c.
Warehouses
Buildings primarily used for storage of goods, excluding produce storage.
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:49:51.000Z
|
bhfisebz4lh5tmwhamj4bno5ppynx6av
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37574",
"uncompressed_offset": 250983221,
"url": "www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/ABS%40.nsf/Previousproducts/ABD4DF39E140C0E1CA2573D20010CBDF",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/ABS@.nsf/Previousproducts/ABD4DF39E140C0E1CA2573D20010CBDF?opendocument"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
1301.0 - Year Book Australia, 2008
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 07/02/2008
Page tools: Print Page RSS Search this Product
Contents >> Financial system >> Financial system Bibliography
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ABS PRODUCTS
Assets and Liabilities of Australian Securitisers (5232.0.55.001)
Australian National Accounts: Financial Accounts (5232.0)
Housing Finance for Owner Occupation, Australia (5609.0)
Lending Finance, Australia (5671.0)
Managed Funds, Australia (5655.0)
REFERENCE
Reserve Bank of Australia, The Reserve Bank of Australia Bulletin, various issues
WEBSITES
Australian Payments Clearing Association Limited, last viewed October 2007, <http://www.apca.com.au>
Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA), last viewed October 2007, <http://www.apra.gov.au>
Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC), last viewed October 2007, <http://www.asic.gov.au>
Australian Stock Exchange (ASX), last viewed October 2007, <http://www.asx.com.au>
Australian Taxation Office, last viewed October 2007, <http://www.ato.gov.au>
Private Health Insurance Administration Council (PHIAC), last viewed October 2007, <http://www.phiac.gov.au>
Reserve Bank of Australia, last viewed October 2007, <http://www.rba.gov.au>
Standard and Poors, last viewed October 2007, <http://www2.standardandpoors.com>
Previous PageNext Page
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:37:58.000Z
|
f3adm3koubova52ogfb4dijijeon6l3g
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37576",
"uncompressed_offset": 250999959,
"url": "www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs%40.nsf/Previousproducts/1300.1.55.001Main%20Features1200Sep%202004?issue=Sep+2004&prodno=1300.1.55.001&tabname=Summary",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Previousproducts/1300.1.55.001Main%20Features1200Sep%202004?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=1300.1.55.001&issue=Sep%202004&num=&view="
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
1300.1.55.001 - Statistics News NSW (Newsletter), Sep 2004
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 29/09/2004
Page tools: Print Page Print All RSS Search this Product
EDUCATION AND TRAINING
Measuring Learning in Australia: Plan to Improve the Quality, Coverage and Use of Education and Training Statistics 2004 (cat. no. 4231.0) has just been released. This Plan is a joint initiative between the ABS and all state, territory and Australian Government education and training agencies. It identifies key issues and areas for consideration and presents agreed directions for improving the relevance, coverage, comparability and quality of statistics. It nominates responsibility for progressing individual strands of work and for monitoring overall progress. An important characteristic of the Plan is that it is a joint agreement between stakeholders regarding priorities for statistical work in the education and training fields for the next three years. For more information contact Jeff Carlton on (02) 6252 5936 or email jeff.carlton@abs.gov.au.
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:21:40.000Z
|
nu5yxaqrt44wqdx2wv6ma4jnh37kyvet
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37577",
"uncompressed_offset": 251007562,
"url": "www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs%40.nsf/Products/4156.0~2012~Chapter~Products",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Products/4156.0~2012~Chapter~Products?OpenDocument"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Catalogue Number
4156.0 - Sports and Physical Recreation: A Statistical Overview, Australia, 2012 Quality Declaration
Latest ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 20/12/2012
Page tools: Print Page Print All RSS Search this Product
Contents >> Products
PRODUCTS
This section contains the following subsection :
Introduction
International trade in sport and physical recreation goods
Supply and demand for sport and physical recreation products
Previous PageNext Page
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:33:38.000Z
|
chveqjpzdcfvvdcsgaezztzqgxp3d2e6
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37583",
"uncompressed_offset": 290151787,
"url": "www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/13/S4/S11?fmt_view=mobile",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/13/S4/S11?fmt_view=mobile"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
This article is part of the supplement: Italian Society of Bioinformatics (BITS): Annual Meeting 2011
Research
Characterization of an inducible promoter in different DNA copy number conditions
Susanna Zucca1,2, Lorenzo Pasotti1,2, Giuliano Mazzini3, Maria Gabriella Cusella De Angelis2 and Paolo Magni1,2*
Author affiliations
1 Dipartimento di Informatica e Sistemistica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
2 Centro di Ingegneria Tissutale, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
3 Istituto di Genetica Molecolare - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ferrata 9, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
For all author emails, please log on.
Citation and License
BMC Bioinformatics 2012, 13(Suppl 4):S11 doi:10.1186/1471-2105-13-S4-S11
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/13/S4/S11
Published:28 March 2012
© 2012 Zucca et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background
The bottom-up programming of living organisms to implement novel user-defined biological capabilities is one of the main goals of synthetic biology. Currently, a predominant problem connected with the construction of even simple synthetic biological systems is the unpredictability of the genetic circuitry when assembled and incorporated in living cells. Copy number, transcriptional/translational demand and toxicity of the DNA-encoded functions are some of the major factors which may lead to cell overburdening and thus to nonlinear effects on system output. It is important to disclose the linearity working boundaries of engineered biological systems when dealing with such phenomena.
Results
The output of an N-3-oxohexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (HSL)-inducible RFP-expressing device was studied in Escherichia coli in different copy number contexts, ranging from 1 copy per cell (integrated in the genome) to hundreds (via multicopy plasmids). The system is composed by a luxR constitutive expression cassette and a RFP gene regulated by the luxI promoter, which is activated by the HSL-LuxR complex. System output, in terms of promoter activity as a function of HSL concentration, was assessed relative to the one of a reference promoter in identical conditions by using the Relative Promoter Units (RPU) approach. Nonlinear effects were observed in the maximum activity, which is identical in single and low copy conditions, while it decreases for higher copy number conditions. In order to properly compare the luxI promoter strength among all the conditions, a mathematical modeling approach was used to relate the promoter activity to the estimated HSL-LuxR complex concentration, which is the actual activator of transcription. During model fitting, a correlation between the copy number and the dissociation constant of HSL-LuxR complex and luxI promoter was observed.
Conclusions
Even in a simple inducible system, nonlinear effects are observed and non-trivial data processing is necessary to fully characterize its operation. The in-depth analysis of model systems like this can contribute to the advances in the synthetic biology field, since increasing the knowledge about linearity and working boundaries of biological phenomena could lead to a more rational design of artificial systems, also through mathematical models, which, for example, have been used here to study hard-to-predict interactions.
Background
Synthetic biology aims at implementing novel and user-defined capabilities in living systems that could yield applications of remarkable importance, like bioremediation or production of renewable fuels, new biomaterials and therapeutic molecules [1-3]. Engineering plays a crucial role in the rational design and construction of such systems, as principles like standardization, modularity and predictability of biological parts are considered key aspects [4]. The synthetic biology paradigm can be summarized as follows: i) choose biological parts from a library of well-characterized standard DNA components; ii) assemble them together to obtain a genetic program that encodes the desired function; iii) incorporate it in a living organism to ultimate the job, as it is carried out in many fields of engineering. Although the development of DNA standards (such as the BioBrick™in the Registry of Standard Biological Parts) [5,6] and automated DNA assembly platforms [7,8] have significantly reduced the complexity of the genetic program composition process, each of the mentioned steps hides noteworthy difficulties [9,10]: inability to provide reproducible quantitative characterization of parts [11], crosstalk or incompatibility among components [1], time-consuming debugging of systems [12], variability connected with biological processes [13] and, finally, a high failure rate of the engineered organism due to DNA mutation [14]. Taken together, these points contribute to the inability to predict the behaviour of even simple synthetic biological systems. In fact, although relatively complex systems such as bistable switches [15], oscillators [16,17] logic functions [18-22], amplifiers [23] have been successfully built up in bacteria, yeasts or mammalian cells and a variety of computational tools have been developed to aid their design [24-26], the construction of predictable biological systems from the bottom-up is currently a main challenge [9,27]. Trial-and-error or directed evolution screenings are still commonly used to optimize and even repair suboptimal genetic circuits [18,28-30]. Incorporation of genetic programs in a host, such as a bacterial cell, can be performed either through plasmid vectors, which are able to autonomously replicate in the organism and propagate the DNA-encoded synthetic functions to the progeny [31,32], or through genomic integration in which the program is stably kept in the cell in single copy [33]. Plasmids are maintained in cells at a copy number ranging from 1 or 2 to hundreds of copies, depending on their replication origin [34].
In the literature, several mathematical models based on the differential equations have been proposed to describe the output of a synthetic circuit, often in terms of a synthesized mRNA or protein amount, as a function of its DNA copy number [35-37]. Considering the simplest system composed by one promoter and one gene of interest downstream, its dynamic behaviour is governed by the following equations which include transcription and translation processes [38]:
(1)
(2)
where squared brackets indicate a per-cell concentration, n is the copy number of the DNA, M is the mRNA, P is the protein, r is the mRNA synthesis rate per DNA copy, ρ is the protein synthesis rate per mRNA and d and γ are the degradation rates of M and P, respectively. Assuming the steady state, it results that and , where bar indicates that the species is at the steady state (constant value). Even if these expressions show that both mRNA and protein concentrations are theoretically linear functions of n, a number of works report that both transcription and translation output may not change linearly with the DNA copy number and yield hard-to-predict system outputs [28,39-41]. In particular, Hajimorad et al. [39] showed that the mRNA level of one or more gene expression devices changes linearly with the device copy number, but only in specific conditions, i.e. limited copy number and number of different devices in the same cell. In general, all the genetic manipulations that cause host overburdening may contribute to nonlinear effects on biological systems. It is also known that highly expressed recombinant genes can lead to saturation effects, caused by the overloading of endogenous transcriptional and translational machinery, partly for the limited availability of RNA polymerases and ribosomes [28,42]. In this work, an inducible promoter, which can be regulated over a wide range of transcriptional activities, was studied in Escherichia coli in single- and multi-copy contexts. The system is based on the widely studied luxR/luxI promoter system [37,43] and it is able to produce a red fluorescent protein (RFP) upon N-3-oxohexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (HSL) molecule addition to the bacterial culture in a concentration-dependent fashion (see Figure 1 for the inducible system description). The DNA encoding the inducible system was placed in the bacterial genome or in plasmids with the pSC101, p15A or the mutated pMB1 replication origins, which yield low, medium or high copy numbers, respectively. The number of DNA copies per cell has been previously reported to be ~5, 20-30 and >100 for these three origins [34,44]. The relative promoter unit (RPU) approach [36] was used to indirectly measure the activity of the luxI promoter from RFP fluorescence data for each investigated induction and device copy number context. RPU is a method in which the strength of a promoter is measured relative to the activity of BBa_J23101 constitutive promoter, chosen in the literature as a standard reference, with identical reporter gene, ribosome binding site (RBS) and plasmid [36]. In such framework, it is possible to investigate if the ratio between the outputs of synthetic devices, in terms of synthesized RFP, is maintained as a function of induced promoter strength and in different copy-number contexts. The results produced in this work can contribute to improve the characterization of a simple but widely used genetic device and such findings can represent a step towards the study of linearity boundaries of synthetic biology components when incorporated in living cells, thus enabling a more rational design of biological systems. An in-depth experimental analysis of such nonlinearities may also contribute to the advances in the field of systems biology, as increasing the knowledge about the working conditions of biological systems could lead to the creation of new mathematical models of higher accuracy, useful to computationally study or predict complex biological phenomena through simulations.
Figure 1. Working diagram of the HSL-inducible system. The luxR gene is constitutively produced by the tetR promoter and the strong ribosome binding site B0034. The gene encoding for mRFP1 is placed downstream of the luxI promoter. LuxR protein is normally unactive, but when HSL is present in the culture it binds LuxR and a complex is formed by two molecules of LuxR and two of HSL. This complex triggers the transcription of the luxI promoter in a concentration-dependent fashion.
Methods
Strains and plasmids
The description of all the Escherichia coli strains, vector backbones and genetic devices used in this work is shown in Table 1. The description of plasmids assembly steps is reported in the Additional file 1 (Plasmid construction). All the plasmids containing ccdB toxin were cloned in the ccdB-tolerant strain DB3.1. All the conditional-replication plasmids (pϕ80 series) were cloned in the pir-116 strain BW23474. TOP10 strain was used to clone all the other plasmids. MG1655 strain was used as a host for all the quantitative experiments of this study.
Table 1. Strains, plasmids and biological devices used in this work.
Additional file 1. Additional methods, results and supporting figures. This file contains details about plasmid construction, validation of the measurement system and single cell-analysis. Three supplementary figures referenced in the main text are also included.
Format: DOC Size: 1.2MB Download file
This file can be viewed with: Microsoft Word Viewer
Cloning methods
Chemically competent TOP10 and DB3.1 were used according to manufacturer's instructions. Chemically competent MG1655 and BW23474 were prepared according to [45] and were transformed by heat shock at 42°C. All the strains were routinely grown in a 5-ml volume of LB medium [45] at 37°C and 220 rpm. When required, Ampicillin (100 mg/L), Kanamycin (20 mg/L) or Chloramphenicol (12.5 mg/L) were added to cultures to maintain plasmids. Long-term glycerol stocks, routinely stored at -80°C, were prepared for all the recombinant strains by mixing 750 μl of bacterial culture and 250 μl of sterile 80% glycerol. Plasmids were extracted from overnight cultures through NucleoSpin Plasmid kit (Macherey-Nagel). DNA was digested as appropriate and the fragments of interest were extracted from 1% agarose gel by NucleoSpin Extract II kit (Macherey-Nagel) before proceeding with ligation to ultimate the assembly. DNA-modifying enzymes were purchased from Roche Diagnostics and used according to manufacturer's instructions. DNA sequencing of plasmids and PCR products was performed through BMR Genomics (Padova, Italy) DNA analysis service.
Integrant strains
MG-HSLRFP, MG-101RFP and MG-IQRFP were obtained by integrating HSLRFP, 101RFP and IQRFP into the MG1655 host (through pϕ80-HSLRFP, pϕ80-101RFP and pϕ80-IQRFP integrative plasmids, respectively), as described in the BBa_K300000 integrative vector page in the Registry of Standard Biological Parts [46]. After genomic integration (mediated by the pInt80-649 helper plasmid [2]) and marker excision (mediated by the pCP20 helper plasmid [47]), only one copy of the expression device of interest remains in the E. coli chromosome and it is flanked by four transcriptional terminators to achieve isolation from genomic context. No antibiotic resistance is present at the end of the procedure, so the resulting recombinant strains are always grown in nonselective medium. Integrants were PCR-verified with primers P1 (5'-CTGCTTGTGGTGGTGAAT-3') and P4 (5'-TAAGGCAAGACGATCAGG-3'), annealing in the genome [33]. Platinum Taq DNA polymerase (Invitrogen) was used for PCR. When required, amplified fragments were gel-extracted as described above and sequenced.
Population-based fluorescence assays
Recombinant strains were grown at 37°C, 220 rpm for about 16 hours in selective M9 supplemented medium (11.28 g/L M9 salts, 1 mM thiamine hydrochloride, 2 mM MgSO4, 0.1 mM CaCl2, 0.2% casamino acids and 0.4% glycerol as carbon source) [45], inoculated with a single colony from a streaked selective LB-agar plate. The cultures were 100-fold diluted in fresh selective medium and grown under the same conditions for 6 hours, then they were diluted at the optical density at 600 nm (OD600) of 0.03 and grown for 45 minutes. For the cultures that did not need to be induced, 200 μl were transferred into a flat-bottomed 96-well microplate (Greiner) and incubated in the Infinite F200 (Tecan) reader. For the cultures bearing the HSL-inducible system, 200 μl for each investigated HSL concentration were transferred and 2 μl of properly diluted HSL (Sigma Aldrich) were added to the culture before incubation to yield the desired concentration. A kinetic cycle, programmed with the i-control™software (Tecan), was used to assay the cultures: every 5 min, 15 s linear shaking (3 mm amplitude), 5 s wait, absorbance measurement, fluorescence measurement were performed. RFP detection was carried out with 535/620 nm filters for excitation/emission and acquisition gain as appropriate, ranging from 50 to 100. GFP-expressing cells were assayed through the same procedure, but using the 485/540 nm filters for fluorescence acquisition. Together with the cultures of interest, 200 μl of M9 supplemented medium and a non-fluorescent MG1655 culture were also included in each experiment to measure the background of absorbance and fluorescence respectively. A preliminary evaluation of the measurement system was carried out and results are reported in the Additional file 1 (Validation of the measurement system).
Single-cell experiments
Recombinant strains expressing RFP or GFP were grown as described above and induced with HSL when required. After 2/3 hours from the induction, cells were either spread on a glass slide (for microscopy analysis) or properly diluted in sterile PBS (for flow cytometric analysis).
RFP-expressing cells were analyzed with an Olympus BX51 microscope with standard fluorescence equipment (HBO100W/2 lamp). Microphotographs were taken using an Olympus Camedia C-4040 digital camera. Fluorescence was detected through the green excitation performed with a 530-560 nm band pass excitation filter and a 590 nm dichroic mirror combined with a long pass barrier filter at 620 nm. UPlanFl 40× objective was used for all the acquisitions.
GFP-expressing cells were analyzed through a Partec PAS II flow cytometer equipped with an argon ion laser using the 488 nm blue line for excitation. Fluorescence emission was collected in FL1 by means of a 515-545 nm band pass filter. 100,000 events were collected and stored for each sample.
Data analysis
Raw absorbance and fluorescence time series were processed with the MATLAB 2007b suite (MathWorks, Natick, MA) to obtain doubling time, average RFP synthesis rate per cell (Scell) and RPU during the exponential growth phase for each culture. The background absorbance time series of M9 supplemented medium was subtracted from each culture of interest to obtain the actual OD600 of bacterial cells.
Similarly, the fluorescence background time series was subtracted from the raw fluorescence of each culture to yield the actual RFP fluorescence of the bacterial population in the microplate well. Exponential growth phase was identified by visual inspection as the linear region of the ln(OD600) time series and the slope m of this line was computed with linear regression to yield the cell growth rate. Doubling time was computed as ln(2)/m. A signal proportional to the RFP synthesis rate per cell was computed as the numeric time derivative of RFP time series, divided by OD600 over time. This signal was averaged over the exponential growth phase, starting after 50 min from the induction time, to obtain the Scell of a culture [37,48]. Scell value is expressed in Arbitrary Units of RFP per minute per cell (AU min-1 cell-1) at a specific gain, which represent an absolute unit [36]. Relative units were computed as RPUx = Scell,x/Scell, ref, where x is the culture of interest and ref is the culture bearing the standard reference promoter with RFP (101RFP ), in the same copy number conditions as the culture of interest and acquired with the same gain factor [36]. Data analysis for GFP-expressing cells was conducted with the same procedure. Induction curves were fitted with the Hill equation , where Vmax is the maximum activity, Y can be either the Scell or the RPU of a system and I can be either the HSL concentration or the intracellular level of the HSL-LuxR activator complex, depending on the specific application. Basal activity of the luxI promoter was omitted from the Hill equation because its entity was much lower than Vmax in all the curves. The least squares fitting was performed through the MATLAB lsqnonlin routine. Among the presented results, Scell were shown for a set of cultures expressing RFP. Because a wide range of fluorescence intensities is produced by the studied cultures and then to have a good sensitivity in the acquisition process the fluorescence acquisition gain was tuned accordingly, Scell results had to be reported to the same gain (in this work a gain = 50 was chosen) to enable comparisons among values. To this aim, the fluorescence of a MG1655 culture bearing pHC-HSLRFP, grown for 6 hours in presence of 100 nM of HSL and diluted to OD600 = 0.01, was measured with different gain factors (50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100), set via i-control™software. All the collected measurements were divided by the RFP raw value at gain = 50, to compute RFPnorm,50 and a calibration curve of gain vs RFPnorm,50 was obtained (data not shown). Thus, Scell values computed from data acquired at gain = β were reported to gain = 50 by dividing them by the right conversion factor between β and 50, i.e. the RFPnorm,50 value of the calibration curve corresponding to gain β.
Bright-field pictures acquired from the microscope were processed through the ImageJ software (Wayne Rasband, NIH) to enhance the contrast of photographed cells when required. Fluorescence images were not processed in any way.
Flow cytometric data analysis was carried out with the FloMax (Partec, Munster, Germany) software.
Mathematical modeling
The following set of differential equations was used to describe the dynamics of LuxR (X), HSL-LuxR activated complex (A) and RFP (R) as a function of HSL (H) in the HSL-inducible system:
(3)
(4)
(5)
The description of the species and parameters is reported in Table 2. Parameter values that have not been estimated in this study are described in [48]. The degradation rate of RFP is much lower than the cell growth rate, so only the dilution caused by cell division contributes to the intracellular extinction of RFP (results not shown). On the other hand, dilution rate was neglected for LuxR when compared to the protein degradation rate [48]. The observable (measured) variable in each experiment is the RFP synthesis rate per cell, . This is measured at the steady state and the maturation dynamics of the fluorescent protein [38] was not taken into account. Considering the steady state, , and , where the bar indicates that the species is at the steady state. Model fitting was performed from RPU data points instead of Scell to improve the reliability of the measured data. In particular, the αlux parameter was computed by multiplying the RPUs at full induction (indicated with Vmax) by the term, where is referred to the 101RFP device at the copy number n.
Table 2. Species and parameters included in the mathematical model.
Results
Per-cell fluorescence of constitutive RFP-producing systems as a function of copy number
In order to show that variations in the copy number in an RFP-producing system cause different fluorescence levels, Scell was measured in the 101RFP and IQRFP devices. Table 3 reports the resulting average values, which demonstrate that a wide range of synthesis rate can be achieved in the different conditions. Scell varies more than 100-fold between the two extreme conditions and increases with the DNA copy number as expected. All the Scell values were divided by the corresponding value measured in single copy, thus obtaining a rough and indirect estimation of the DNA copy number per cell [44]. The computed values are reported in Table 3. They are consistent with previously published copy number results measured in E. coli for the same replication origins, except for the medium copy which is about 2-fold higher than expected for a p15A replication origin.
Table 3. Characterization of J23101 and lacIQ promoters in absolute units and indirect copy number estimation
Induction curves of the HSL-inducible system in different copy number conditions as a function of HSL
The HSL-inducible system was characterized in terms of Scell as a function of exogenously added HSL concentrations. Results are reported in Figure 2 for all the copy number amounts. In all the considered situations, induction reaches a steady state value for HSL concentration >~10 nM. This result is consistent with previously measured induction curves of this HSL-inducible device [37,41]. Single-cell analysis was also performed to validate if all the cells of an induced culture respond to HSL and the results showed that the population was actually homogeneous for all the tested inducer concentrations (Supplementary Figure 2 in Additional file 1). Details about this analysis are reported in the Additional file 1 (Single-cell analysis). Table 4 reports the doubling time of the cultures in the different contexts. The coefficient of variation of the doubling time among different inductions of the HSLRFP device is less than 16%. The average doubling time of the cultures with the HSLRFP device varies only up to 1.4-fold (low copy condition) when compared to the culture bearing the reference device 101RFP or the IQRFP device. On the other hand, doubling times vary more than 2-fold among different contexts without a specific trend with the copy number. The different antibiotics, plasmids and levels of the expressed heterologous genes may contribute to such unexpected difference in the doubling time values in the exponential phase, even if the chassis is the same. Note that, in our hands, the typical doubling time of the MG1655 strain in the same conditions is 38 (14%) min. As for the constitutive devices, also for the HSL-inducible system average values of Scell, measured at a full induction, were divided by the value measured in the single copy condition to obtain an indirect estimation of the plasmid copy number. Resulting ratios are 3.8, 28.5 and 42.1 for low, medium and high copy, respectively. They are quite different from the copy numbers found in the previous section for the two constitutive promoters, apparently yielding fewer DNA copies per cell in medium and high copy number conditions. Moreover, the high copy number value obtained for this system is much lower than previously reported for plasmids with the pUC19-derived pMB1 replication origin in cells grown at 37°C [39]. The growth conditions were the same among the tested cultures and the doubling times were comparable between HSL-inducible system and cultures bearing the constitutive promoters. Therefore, the difference in the estimated copy number is not reliable and more likely the observed effect is due to saturation in transcription and/or translation processes, caused by limited availability of polymerases or ribosomes in the medium and high copy number contexts. In order to enable the comparison of the HSL-inducible system activity among different experimental conditions, the RPU approach was used to express the strength of the luxI promoter relative to J23101 constitutive promoter as a reference [36]. RPUs have been reported to produce highly robust activity measurements even in different experimental conditions. Expressing the results in such standard units of measurement also enables the sharing of quantitative characterization results in the synthetic biology community. J23101 promoter showed an Scell variation in good agreement with the theoretical copy number of the plasmids used in this work (see Table 3) and the relative activity of the medium-strength promoter lacIQ could be effectively measured in RPUs in different copy number conditions, yielding highly reproducible results with an average value of 0.744 ± 0.05 (see Figure 3). Taken together, these results suggest that J23101 is a reliable reference for the computation of RPUs in all the copy number contexts. Figure 2 reports the resulting RPUs in the right vertical axis for each curve of the HSL-inducible device. RPU values at full induction (>10 nM) confirm that a saturation trend is present, as single and low copy conditions produce very similar values (RPUs ≊ 8.7), while the activity progressively decreases at medium (RPUs = 5) and high (RPUs = 2.8) copy contexts. In order to characterize the input-output function of the HSL-inducible device for each specific copy number condition, the curves were fitted with a Hill function, which well described the experimentally measured points. Estimated parameters of the functions are reported in Figure 2. Furthermore, to validate if the observed saturation trend was due to the specific reporter used, the full-induction activity of the HSL-inducible promoter was also measured via GFP (GFPmut3b) instead of RFP (mRFP1) in different copy number conditions. In addition, the GFP reporter device had a different RBS from the RFP device (BioBrick™BBa_B0032 instead of BBa_B0034). RPU results, shown in the Supplementary Figure 3 in Additional file 1 demonstrate an excellent accordance with the maximum activities reported in Figure 2, thus validating that the saturation trend in medium and high copy number contexts was actually due to the inducible device and not to the used reporter gene.
Figure 2. Induction curves for the HSL-inducible system in different copy number contexts. The HSL-inducible device (HSLRFP ) was characterized in the exponential phase after at least 50 minutes from the induction in a microplate reader. For each copy number condition, the curve is expressed in absolute arbitrary units of Scell (left vertical axis) and in RPUs (right vertical axis), computed as the ratio between the Scell of the inducible device and the Scell of the J23101 promoter (via the 101RFP measurement device) in the same growth and copy number condition, considering the same reporter gene (RFP). Experimental data were fitted with a Hill function (continuous line) and the estimated parameters are reported in the boxes with their coefficients of variation. Error bars represent the 95% confidence intervals of the mean value (circles) computed on 3 clones.
Table 4. Doubling times of the studied cultures.
Figure 3. Characterization of the lacIQ constitutive promoter in RPUs. The ratio between the activities (Scell) of lacIQ and J23101 promoters, measured via IQRFP and 101RFP devices respectively, was computed to obtain the lacIQ RPUs in the four copy number conditions investigated in this work. Consider that IQRFP and 101RFP have a different DNA scar between promoter and RBS. Unpublished data from our lab showed that the scar present in IQRFP systematically overestimates promoters activity by 1.43-fold when compared to the scar in 101RFP. Error bars represent the 95% confidence intervals of the mean value computed on 3 clones.
Measurement of the activity of the luxI promoter in different copy number conditions as a function of the activated complex
In all the recombinant strains considered in this study, the DNA copy number of the luxR-expression cassette varies together with the luxI promoter-regulated RFP. The different availability of LuxR protein in the investigated conditions makes the HSL-RPU curves described in the previous section not easy to compare among the different copy number conditions, since the amount of the LuxR-HSL activated complex can be different even if the HSL concentration is the same. In order to study the strength of the luxI promoter in different copy number conditions, it is necessary to consider the induction curves as a function of the per-cell HSL-LuxR activated complex instead of the HSL concentration. In this way, correct comparisons can be performed to study the strength of the promoter at any induction entity. The mathematical model described in the Methods section was used to evaluate the quantity of the HSL-LuxR complex per-cell (indicated with A) and to express the system output, in terms of RPUs, as a function of the predicted intracellular level of A. The average DNA copy number indirectly measured in this study via RFP measurements in the constitutive devices (see Table 3) was used to predict the level of available LuxR proteins (X) at the steady state in each copy number condition. KA, nA and αlux parameters were estimated from HSL-RPUs experimental data. RPUs are reported in Figure 4A as a function of A for each copy number context. This figure enables the comparison of the promoter strength as a function of the actual activator level. Table 5 shows the estimated values of the model parameters. Vmax, reported in Table 5, depends on the RPUs reached for a full induction. αlux is proportional to Vmax and it decreases as the copy number increases. nA is similar among the conditions, even though for the single copy it is slightly higher than in the other cases. Moreover, it can be observed that the estimated KA values are correlated with the copy number. Figure 4B shows the KA parameter values as a function of the estimated copy number. Finally, the activated complex-RPUs induction curves show that the luxI promoter strength is comparable between single and low copy conditions for all the induction values, while medium and high copy curves show lower strength values than the single and low copy for all the induction levels.
Figure 4. Induction curves as a function of the activated complex and correlation between KA and n. Induction curves for the HSL-inducible system as a function of the activated complex HSL-LuxR in different copy number contexts (Panel A) and correlation between the estimated dissociation constant of HSL-LuxR complex and luxI promoter (KA parameter) and copy number (Panel B). The activity of the luxI promoter, in terms of RPUs, was studied in each copy number condition as a function of its actual inducer, i.e. the HSL-LuxR activated complex (A), indirectly measured by an ad-hoc mathematical model described in the Methods section.
Table 5. Estimated values for the Vmax, αlux, KA and nA parameters.
Conclusions
Because the design of genetic circuits which exhibit a predictable behaviour is the basis of the enormous potential of synthetic biology, the investigation of nonlinear phenomena and hard-to-predict engineered cell responses is essential to understand the systems under study and to avoid time- and cost-consuming strategies like trial-and-error approaches. Many variables, such as promoter strength, ribosome binding site efficiency and plasmid copy number, can play a crucial role in systems design. The optimization of a genetic circuitry can be achieved by tuning these elements, but the findings described in literature disclosed nonlinear effects [25,39]. The copy number of the DNA encoding the engineered genetic network is an important parameter for the regulation of gene dosage and many works reported its tuning to optimize biological circuits such as biosynthetic pathways [49]. However, as it happens with other biological parameters, the linearity of the output of a circuit may not be valid in many copy number ranges, yielding difficult-to-predict saturation effects. Hajimorad et al. studied the mRNA output of simple, independent gene expression cassettes as a function of the copy number, disclosing copy number ranges and conditions in which the superposition of the effects, typical of linear systems, is valid for the studied devices. Here, the aim of our work is to analyze the induction curves produced by an HSL-inducible system as a function of the copy number conditions, considering the fluorescence as the output. The studied system is composed by a luxR constitutive expression cassette and a RFP expression cassette regulated by the luxI promoter, which can be turned on by LuxR in presence of HSL with a concentration-dependent fashion. This device has been previously used in several works [14,37,41] and the improvement of its characterization in different copy number contexts can be useful for the rational design of expression systems and cell-cell communication networks involving HSL [16,17,19]. In this work, high, medium, low and single copy number conditions were considered. Medium-strength constitutive promoters contained in these plasmids or integrated in the genome exhibit activities that vary more than 100-fold from single to high copy number contexts, which demonstrates that copy number variation can be actually achieved with the used vectors. Moreover, for each constitutive promoter, the fold-change of the fluorescence of plasmid-bearing strains, relative to the fluorescence of the recombinant strain with the device in single copy (assuming a copy number = 1 by definition), is in accordance with the theoretical copy number of the used vectors. The strength of the HSL-inducible system was experimentally measured in vivo and expressed in RPUs, which are standard units for promoter activity evaluation proposed in literature to lower the variability among experiments. They also enable the sharing of the promoter characterization results in the synthetic biology community, as all the activity measurements are performed relative to the activity of a standard reference promoter (J23101), which gives RPUs = 1 by definition. Induction curves were obtained in different copy number conditions by exogenously adding HSL to the inducible system under investigation. A saturating trend in the maximum strength was depicted for higher copy number conditions, probably due to limited availability of polymerases or ribosomes which brings transcription/translation processes to saturation, as already reported in literature for other gene expression systems [39,42]. It is worth noting that, in addition to the luxI promoter strength, the presence of the luxR expression cassette may contribute to the saturating trend of the luxI promoter maximum relative activity in the higher copy number conditions by increasing the metabolic demand of the device. The same effect was seen for similar recombinant strains with the HSL-inducible device expressing a different fluorescent reporter gene (GFP instead of RFP), thus demonstrating that such phenomenon was not specific for the RFP gene. Characterization of the HSL-RPU transfer function was completed in each copy number context by fitting the curve with a Hill function. As they are expressed in standard units, the results produced here support the re-use of this inducible device, given the specific copy number in which it was characterized. However, these Hill curves do not directly represent the transfer functions of the luxI promoter, since it is not simply activated by HSL, but by the activator complex HSL-LuxR. The number of DNA copies of the luxR constitutive cassette varied in concert with the copy number of the rest of the device, so the copy number of this cassette leads to different availability of intracellular LuxR proteins in the different studied contexts. In order to obtain comparable transfer functions among different copy number conditions, an X-axis transformation on the HSL-RPU induction curves is required to express the promoter strength as a function of the concentration of the actual inducer. A model-based approach has been proposed to indirectly measure the HSL-LuxR activated complex concentration by predicting the intracellular availability of LuxR protein as a function of the expected copy number. This procedure allowed to express the model output (RPUs) as a function of the HSL-LuxR complex (called A). With the help of the mathematical model, the values of the promoter activity curves can be considered as a function of the correct inducer of the promoter, thus allowing comparisons of transcriptional strength in all the studied contexts. The relationship between KA (i.e. the dissociation constant between A and the luxI promoter) and the copy number shows correlation (see Figure 4), while the Km values found in the input-output induction curves simply as a function of HSL, showed no apparent correlation with the copy number (see Figure 2). However, it is important to note that the used model relies on parameters that have been indirectly estimated in this study (e.g. the plasmid copy number and intracellular concentration of LuxR protein). Moreover, this indirect estimation assumes that the luxR gene expression level per DNA copy (αtet) is constant for each copy number, neglecting any saturation effect in high copy number conditions. Even if more in-depth analysis of the biological systems under study can be performed to measure these parameters and to obtain more accurate relationships, the found behaviour for which the KA parameter value appears to correlate with the copy number is still valid, since the monotonically increasing trend of KA was confirmed even after a sensitivity analysis in which the (αtet) parameter was varied 2-fold (data not shown). Finally, a single-cell analysis was performed to improve the characterization of strains bearing the HSL-inducible device. From the literature, it is well known that in some inducible systems not all the cells among the population respond to the inducer, thus causing the simultaneous presence of induced/uninduced subpopulations [50,51]. On the contrary, results on the HSL-inducible device characterized in this work show that all the cells respond to the induction. This is a very interesting feature for the future usage of such HSL-inducible device in designing more complex circuits.
In conclusion, the characterization in standard, sharable units of a simple synthetic biological device has been performed and the input-output transfer function of the whole device has been reported for different copy number conditions. Even if the device is not significantly complex, nonlinear phenomena were evident in the higher copy number conditions. Moreover, the individual study of the activity of the inducible promoter present in the device was not trivial and it required a model-based approach to indirectly estimate hard-to-measure intracellular species, whose knowledge was necessary to completely characterize the system behaviour and to allow comparisons among different copy number contexts.
List of abbreviations used
AU: arbitrary units; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HSL: N-3-oxohexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone; LB: Luria broth; mRNA: messenger ribonucleic acid; OD: optical density; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; RBS: ribosome binding site; RNA: ribonucleic acid; RFP: red fluorescent protein; RPU: relative promoter unit.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
SZ, LP and PM designed the experiments. SZ performed all the plasmid constructions and the validation experiments. GM performed the single-cell experiments. SZ, LP and PM analyzed the data and developed the mathematical model. LP drafted the manuscript and SZ, MGCDA and PM finalized it. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their useful suggestions. This project was partially funded by the Italian "Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca" through the FIRB ITALBIONET project.
This article has been published as part of BMC Bioinformatics Volume 13 Supplement 4, 2012: Italian Society of Bioinformatics (BITS): Annual Meeting 2011. The full contents of the supplement are available online at http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/13/S4.
References
1. Andrianantoandro E, Basu S, Karig D, Weiss R: Synthetic biology: new engineering rules for an emerging discipline.
Molecular Systems Biology 2006., 2:
2. Anderson J, Dueber JE, Leguia M, Wu GC, Goler JA, Arkin AP, Keasling JD: BglBricks: A flexible standard for biological part assembly.
Journal of Biological Engineering 2010, 4:1. PubMed Abstract | BioMed Central Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
3. French CE: Synthetic biology and biomass conversion: a match made in heaven?
Journal of The Royal Society Interface 2009, 6(Suppl 4):S547-S558.
4. Endy D: Foundations for engineering biology.
Nature 2005, 438:449-453. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
5. Registry of Standard Biological Parts [http://partsregistry.org] webcite
6. Knight T: Idempotent vector design for standard assembly of biobricks. [http://web.mit.edu/synbio/release/docs/biobricks.pdf] webcite
Tech rep, MIT DSpace 2003.
7. Czar MJ, Anderson JC, Bader JS, Peccoud J: Gene synthesis demystified.
Trends in Biotechnology 2009, 27(2):63-72. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
8. Ellis T, Adie T, Baldwin G: DNA assembly for synthetic biology: from parts to pathways and beyond.
Integrative Biology 2011, 3:109-118. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
9. Kwok R: Five hard truths for synthetic biology.
Nature 2010, 463:288-290. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
10. Benner S, Sismour A: Synthetic biology.
Nature Reviews Genetics 2005, 6(7):533-543. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
11. Davis J, Rubin A, Sauer RT: Design, construction and characterization of a set of insulated bacterial promoters.
Nucleic Acids Research 2011, 39(3):1131-1141. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
12. Ro DK, Paradise EM, Ouellet M, Fisher K, Newman KL, Ndungu JM, Ho KA, Eachus RA, Ham TS, Kirby J, et al.: Production of the antimalarial drug precursor artemisinic acid in engineered yeast.
Nature 2006, 440:940-943. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
13. Cox RS, Dunlop MJ, Elowitz M: A synthetic three-color scaffold for monitoring genetic regulation and noise.
Journal of Biological Engineering 2010, 4:10. PubMed Abstract | BioMed Central Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
14. Sleight S, Bartley B, Lieviant J, Sauro H: Designing and engineering evolutionary robust genetic circuits.
Journal of Biological Engineering 2010, 4:12. PubMed Abstract | BioMed Central Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
15. Gardner T, Cantor CR, Collins J: Construction of a genetic toggle switch in Escherichia coli.
Nature 2000, 403:339-342. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
16. Danino T, Mondragón-Palomino O, Tsimring L, Hasty J: A synchronized quorum of genetic clocks.
Nature 2010, 463:326-330. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
17. Fussenegger M: Synthetic biology: Synchronized bacterial clocks.
Nature 2010, 463:301-302. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
18. Anderson J, Voigt C, Arkin AP: Environmental signal integration by a modular AND gate.
Molecular Systems Biology 2007, 3:133. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
19. Tamsir A, Tabor J, Voigt C: Robust multicellular computing using genetically encoded NOR gates and chemical 'wires'.
Nature 2010, 469:212-215. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
20. Regot S, Macia J, Conde N, Furukawa K, Kjellén J, Peeters T, Hohmann S, Nadal ED, Posas F, Solé R: Distributed biological computation with multicellular engineered networks.
Nature 2010, 469:207-211. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
21. Tabor J, Salis H, Simpson Z, Chevalier AA, Levskaya A, Marcotte EM, Voigt CA, Ellington A: A synthetic genetic edge detection program.
Cell 2009, 137(7):1272-1281. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
22. Win M, Smolke C: Higher-order cellular information processing with synthetic RNA devices.
Science 2008, 322:456-460. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
23. Nistala G, Wu K, Rao CV, Bhalerao K: A modular positive feedback-based gene amplifier.
Journal of Biological Engineering 2010, 4:4. PubMed Abstract | BioMed Central Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
24. Ellis T, Wang X, Collins J: Diversity-based, model-guided construction of synthetic gene networks with predicted functions.
Nature Biotechnology 2009, 27(5):465-471. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
25. Salis HM, Mirsky E, Voigt C: Automated design of synthetic ribosome binding sites to control protein expression.
Nature Biotechnology 2009, 27(10):946-950. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
26. Densmore D, Hsiau T, Kittleson JT, De Loache W, Batten C, Anderson JC: Algorithms for automated DNA assembly.
Nucleic Acids Research 2010, 38(8):2607-2616. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
27. Ceroni F, Furini S, Giordano E, Cavalcanti S: Rational design of modular circuits for gene transcription: A test of the bottom-up approach.
Journal of Biological Engineering 2010, 4:14. PubMed Abstract | BioMed Central Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
28. Kelly JR: Tools and reference standards supporting the engineering and evolution of synthetic biological systems. PhD thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 2008.
29. Yokobayashi Y, Weiss R, Arnold F: Directed evolution of a genetic circuit.
PNAS 2002, 99(26):16587-16591. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
30. Anderson J, Clarke E, Arkin A, Voigt C: Environmentally controlled invasion of cancer cells by engineered bacteria.
Journal of Molecular Biology 2006, 355(4):619-627. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
31. Lipps G: Plasmids: current research and future trends. Norfolk, U.K: Caister Academic Press; 2008.
32. Serrano L: Synthetic biology: promises and challenges.
Molecular Systems Biology 2007, 3:158. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
33. Haldimann A, Wanner B: Conditional-replication, integration, excision, and retrieval plasmid-host systems for gene structure-function studies of bacteria.
Journal of Bacteriology 2001, 183(21):6386-6393.
34. Shetty RP, Endy D, Knight TF: Engineering BioBrick vectors from BioBrick parts.
Journal of Biological Engineering 2008, 2:5. PubMed Abstract | BioMed Central Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
35. Leveau J, Lindow S: Predictive and interpretive simulation of green fluorescent protein expression in reporter bacteria.
Journal of Bacteriology 2001, 183(23):6752-6762. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
36. Kelly J, Rubin A, Davis J, Ajo-Franklin C, Cumbers J, Czar M, de Mora K, Glieberman A, Monie D, Endy D: Measuring the activity of BioBrick promoters using an in vivo reference standard. [Http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/44917/301953777.pdf?sequence=1] webcite
Journal of Biological Engineering 2009, 3:4. PubMed Abstract | BioMed Central Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
37. Canton B, Labno A, Endy D: Refinement and standardization of synthetic biological parts and devices. [Http://openwetware.org/images/4/43/Canton-PhD-BE-2008.pdf] webcite
Nature Biotechnology 2008, 26:787-793. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
38. Canton B: Engineering the interface between cellular chassis and synthetic biological systems. PhD thesis. Department of Biological Engineering, MIT; 2008.
39. Hajimorad M, Gray P, Keasling J: A framework and model system to investigate linear system behavior in Escherichia coli.
Journal of Biological Engineering 2011, 5:3. PubMed Abstract | BioMed Central Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
40. Boyd D, Weiss D, Chen J, Beckwith J: Towards single-copy gene expression systems making gene cloning physiologically relevant: lambda InCh, a simple Escherichia coli plasmid-chromosome shuttle system.
Journal of Bacteriology 2000, 182(3):842-847. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
41. Pasotti L, Zucca S, Lupotto M, Cusella De Angelis M, Magni P: Characterization of a synthetic bacterial self-destruction device for programmed cell death and for recombinant proteins release.
Journal of Biological Engineering 2011, 5:8. PubMed Abstract | BioMed Central Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
42. Cabrera J, Jin DJ: Active transcription of rRNA operons is a driving force for the distribution of RNA polymerase in bacteria: effect of extrachromosomal copies of rrnB on the in vivo localization of RNA polymerase.
Journal of Bacteriology 2006, 188(11):4007-4014. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
43. Stevens A, Greenberg E: Quorum sensing in Vibrio fischeri: essential elements for activation of the luminescence genes.
Journal of Bacteriology 1997, 179(2):557-562. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
44. Lutz R, Bujard H: Independent and tight regulation of transcriptional units in Escherichia coli via the LacR/O, the TetR/O and AraC/I1-I2 regulatory elements.
Nucleic Acids Research 1997, 25(6):1203-1210. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
45. Sambrook J, Russell D: Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. third edition. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 2001.
46. BioBrick_BBa K300000 integrative vector page [Http://partsregistry.org/Part:BBa_ K300000] webcite
47. Datsenko K, Wanner B: One-step inactivation of chromosomal genes in Escherichia coli K-12 using PCR products.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2000, 97(12):6640-6645. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
48. Pasotti L, Quattrocelli M, Galli D, Cusella De Angelis MG, Magni P: Multiplexing and demultiplexing logic functions for computing signal processing tasks in synthetic biology.
Biotechnology Journal 2011, 6(7):784-795. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
49. Kittleson JT, Cheung S, Anderson JC: Rapid optimization of gene dosage in E. coli using DIAL strains.
Journal of Biological Engineering 2011, 5:10. PubMed Abstract | BioMed Central Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
50. Daugherty P, Olsen M, Iverson B, Georgiou G: Development of an optimized expression system for the screening of antibody libraries displayed on the Escherichia coli surface.
Protein Engineering 1999, 12:613-621. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
51. Dubnau D, Losick R: Bistability in bacteria.
Molecular Microbiology 2006, 61:564-572. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:50:23.000Z
|
qwiqj5mqyri3xhes5wu5h7s4hzfiekhc
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37584",
"uncompressed_offset": 290200926,
"url": "www.biomedcentral.com/1756-0500/5/654/abstract",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://www.biomedcentral.com/1756-0500/5/654/abstract"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Research article
Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-1a-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-Inhibitory Growth Factor (ING)-4- axis in sarcoidosis patients
Argyris Tzouvelekis1*, Paschalis Ntolios2, Andreas Karameris3, Anastasios Koutsopoulos4, Panagiotis Boglou1, Andreas Koulelidis1, Kostas Archontogeorgis1, George Zacharis1, Fotis Drakopanagiotakis5, Paschalis Steiropoulos1, Stavros Anevlavis1, Vlassis Polychronopoulos5, Dimitrios Mikroulis6 and Demosthenes Bouros1
Author Affiliations
1 Department of Pneumonology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Medical school, Democritus University of Thrace, Thrace, Greece
2 Pulmonary Biochemistry, Centre for Respiratory Research, University College London, London, UK
3 Department of Pathology, Veterans Administration Hospital (N.I.M.T.S), Athens, Greece
4 Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Medical school, Democritus University of Thrace, Thrace, Greece
5 Department of Pneumonology, Sismanogleio General Hospital, Athens, Greece
6 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Thrace, Greece
For all author emails, please log on.
BMC Research Notes 2012, 5:654 doi:10.1186/1756-0500-5-654
Published: 26 November 2012
Abstract
Background
Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology. The term of immunoangiostasis has been addressed by various studies as potentially involved in the disease pathogenesis. The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of the master regulator of angiogenesis hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1a – vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)- inhibitor of growth factor 4-(ING4) - axis within sarcoid granuloma.
Methods
A total of 37 patients with sarcoidosis stages II-III were recruited in our study. Tissue microarray technology coupled with immunohistochemistry analysis were applied to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lung biopsy samples collected from 37 sarcoidosis patients and 24 controls underwent surgery for benign lesions of the lung. Computerized image analysis was used to quantify immunohistochemistry results. qRT-PCR was used to assess HIF-1a and ING4 expression in 10 sarcoidosis mediastinal lymph node and 10 control lung samples.
Results
HIF-1a and VEGF-ING4 expression, both in protein and mRNA level, was found to be downregulated and upregulated, respectively, in sarcoidosis samples compared to controls. Immunohistochemistry coupled with computerized image analysis revealed minimal expression of HIF-1a within sarcoid granulomas whereas an abundant staining of ING4 and VEGF in epithelioid cells was also visualized.
Conclusions
Our data suggest an impairment of the HIF-1a – VEGF axis, potentialy arising by ING4 overexpression and ultimately resulting in angiostasis and monocyte recruitment within granulomas. The concept of immunoangiostasis as a possible protection mechanism against antigens of infectious origin needs further research to be verified.
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T09:02:21.000Z
|
zsibkaoaxxsnbhp5ijrvm3eb3s55xtg5
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37585",
"uncompressed_offset": 291943600,
"url": "www.bizsugar.com/Technology/4-easy-ways-to-optimize-your-blog-for-mobile/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://www.bizsugar.com/Technology/4-easy-ways-to-optimize-your-blog-for-mobile/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
More and more people are using their smartphones and tablets to access websites, and if your blog is not yet optimized for mobile viewing, you’re going to see a …
Who Voted for this Story
Subscribe
Jenn Herman @jennherman31 is All About Social Media
She may work as a full-time director of marketing by day. But in her spare time, Jenn Herman likes teaching small … More
Editor's Picks
Add BizSugar buttons and plugins to your small biz toolkit!
Got small business blog posts? Register and submit them today!
Shazam! Meet Contributor of the Week Paul Cox...Congrats, Paul!
See if you're one of our Top 10 Members this week!
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:19:32.000Z
|
nf33ttjsap4hrwrmgjppujma2c5il527
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37589",
"uncompressed_offset": 334580340,
"url": "www.creativeapplications.net/tag/object/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://www.creativeapplications.net/tag/object/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Please disable AdBlock. CAN is an ad-supported site that takes hundreds of hours and thousands of dollars to sustain.
object
12/04/2013 / Processing
Created by Giuseppe Randazzo, Meanders is a generative system driven by the interaction of growing agents. The agents are governed by conditions, allowed to wonder and their paths converted to object, outputted as OBJ and rendered. The agents are defined by their ...
05/04/2013 / Events, Objects, Sound
In November last year ECAL University of art and design Lausanne in Switzerland was the host to two very interesting workshops aimed at their Media & Interaction and Industrial Design students. One workshop was led by Yuri Suzuki and the other by ...
18/01/2013 / Objects
Moving objects | nº 804 is a new installation by Pe Lang, exploring the contrasts of order and chaos. In 804 cords are spun and pulled apart as the machine pans from left to right slowly revealing order on one side ...
04/01/2013 / Arduino, openFrameworks
Created by Mithru Vigneshwara, Aleph of Emotions is an interactive object that allows users to view worldwide emotions collected from tweets collected over 35 days in 2012. Using openFrameworks, Arduino, GPS module and a smart phone (Samsung device in video, iPod Touch ...
Created by Shanshan Zhou, Adam Ben-Dror and Joss Doggett, Animatronic Lamp is an exploration into the expressive and behavioural potentials of robotic computing. Using Processing, Arduino, and OpenCV, the Lamp is given an ability to be aware of its environment, ...
17/09/2012 / Objects, Processing, Sound
Created by Dennis P Paul, An Instrument for the Sonification of Everday Things is a "serious musical instrument" which rotates everyday things, scans their surfaces, and transforms them into audible frequencies.
12/09/2012 / Objects, Other
Affordable hardware has it's benefits and problems. As cheap electronics become widespread and more available, we become less protective of them. No longer we purchase cases or try to protect them. Kindle, costing mere $7o is one of those devices, your ...
06/09/2012 / Objects, Other
Created by Tauba Auerbach is the 8 x 8 x 8-inch hard-back book illustrating the RGB gradient in a page-by-page format. Using a digital offset print on paper with airbrushed cloth cover, the book shows the full gradient of blue ...
20/08/2012 / Processing
Created by Realitat, Microsonic Landscapes is an algorithmic exploration of the music. Each favoured album is converted into a three dimensional representation and "proposes a new spatial and unique journey by transforming sound into matter/space: the hidden into something visible."
31/05/2012 / Arduino, Objects
Created by James Leng, Point Cloud is an attempt to re-imagine our daily interaction with weather data. Even with the modern scientific and technological developments related to weather and when we can deploy sophisticated monitoring devices to document and observe weather, our ...
28/02/2012 / Objects
"Prismatica is an extension of the visual and perceptual experimentations in my Enigmatica series," Kit Webster writes about his newest installation. Known for his interesting approach to projection mapping (read more about the ingenius Enigmatica series here) the Australian media ...
27/01/2012 / Objects, Other
Is post social media friendship an emotional investment of diminishing returns? It really depends who you ask. Midwest-based designer Colin Pinegar's recent BFA project Best Friends definitely calls the authenticity of ubiquitous connectivity into question, or at least adds some ...
18/01/2012 / Objects, Other, Scripts
One Piece at a Time by Jonathan Brand is a 3D paper version of a 1969 Ford Mustang. Stuck for cash, Jonathan had to sell his Mustang to buy a diamond engagement ring. The sculpture is almost as complete as the original including ...
28/10/2011 / Objects
Developed during the few days residency at La Gaîté Lyrique, Lumenoise is a project by Niklas Roy that enables you to turn your old CRT-TV into an audiovisual synthesizer. Using a specially devised pen, you paint abstract geometric patterns and sounds directly onto the ...
06/07/2011 / Objects
In addition to Dromolux we wrote about few months back, Ludwig Zeller has just completed two new pieces as shown at this years RCA Design Interactions end of year show. These pieces, part of the "New Needs in an Augmented ...
28/12/2010 / Inspiration, Objects
Whilst a large number of visual artists are focused on large scale projections, it is refreshing to see when individuals explore possibilities of small objects, something tangible, seeing what is possible and what does it all mean. Such is the work ...
03/08/2010 / c++, openFrameworks
Durchsehen, Exp. 01 (augmented perspective) is an installation by Daniel Franke ( daniel-franke.com ) and Markus Kison ( markuskison.de ) which includes a camera fixed onto the concrete cube sculpture that recognizes the presence of human faces within its scope. By random ...
01/08/2010 / Processing
Created by Dave Young aka henderson, Radius Music combines ideas of cartography and graphic scores as a means to produce sound. The device is an autonomous revolving machine that reads a distance value in real-time between itself and another object. As the machine ...
Page 1 of 212
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T07:49:10.000Z
|
waxriricphgogd22bmxutzqdzfq6elpq
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37593",
"uncompressed_offset": 362358571,
"url": "www.eea.europa.eu/themes/climate/publications/publications_topic/?b_start%3Aint=60",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/climate/publications/publications_topic/?b_start:int=60"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Personal tools
Sign up now!
Get notifications on new reports and products. Currently we have 55551 subscribers. Frequency: 3-4 emails / month.
Follow us
Twitter
Facebook
YouTube channel
RSS Feeds
Notifications archive
Write to us
For the public:
For media and journalists:
Contact EEA staff
Contact the web team
FAQ
Call us
Reception:
Phone: (+45) 33 36 71 00
Fax: (+45) 33 36 71 99
next
previous
items
Skip to content. | Skip to navigation
Sound and independent information
on the environment
You are here: Home / Environmental topics / Climate change / Publications
Publications
Change language
This report aims to provide a fair reflection of the progress, the achievements and obstacles in the integration of environmental concerns into EU agriculture policy, based on indicators developed in the IRENA operation (see Section 1.3). It also tackles limitations to successful policy implementation at Member State level, and challenges ahead.
Read more
European Environment Agency (EEA)
Kongens Nytorv 6
1050 Copenhagen K
Denmark
Phone: +45 3336 7100
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:31:57.000Z
|
5hohoqhdj5kfxhfohiatqcnavhwg35wy
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37594",
"uncompressed_offset": 366267831,
"url": "www.envirolink.org/resource.html?catid=15&itemid=20020524165235343939",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://www.envirolink.org/resource.html?itemid=20020524165235343939&catid=15"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
advanced search
Category: Resources for Non-Profits
Virtual Volunteering Project
The Virtual Volunteering Project compiles information and resources to help organizations find and involve volunteers via online technologies. We use information based on experiences from hundreds of volunteer managers/service leaders and volunteers, our own experiences, and related resources.
Ratings/Review of this resource:
E-Mail: vv@serviceleader.org
Website: http://www.serviceleader.org/vv/
Detailed Information:
Resources that may be related:
Home | Site Map | About EnviroLink | Advanced Search | Suggest a Resource
All content on this website is governed by a Creative Commons license.
This site powered by WebDNA
Community Information Systems provided by Rhiza Labs
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T07:37:55.000Z
|
ivbssc3h2zdj4fmoxfvenwyc4qeyk5w3
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37595",
"uncompressed_offset": 366272954,
"url": "www.envirolink.org/resource.html?catid=5&itemid=42111616586",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://www.envirolink.org/resource.html?itemid=42111616586&catid=5"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
advanced search
Category: Organizations > Waste Management > Recycling
Society Promoting Environmental Conservation (SPEC)
B.C.'s oldest environmental interest group. Operates an Environmental Resource Centre, lists local environmental events, and initiates various campaigns for better air, water, and land.
Ratings/Review of this resource:
Address:
2150 Maple Street
Vancouver , British Columbia V6J 3T3
Canada
Contact Person: reception
Phone: (604) 736-7732
Fax: Fax: (604) 736-7115
E-Mail: enviro@spec.bc.ca
Website: http://www.spec.bc.ca
Detailed Information:
SPEC campaigns in the areas of air quality and transportation, water quality and watershed management, wilderness preservation and stream restoration, solid waste disposal and recycling, and nuclear issues, among others.
Resources that may be related:
Home | Site Map | About EnviroLink | Advanced Search | Suggest a Resource
All content on this website is governed by a Creative Commons license.
This site powered by WebDNA
Community Information Systems provided by Rhiza Labs
|
v0
|
2024-06-03T21:29:49.458Z
|
2013-05-18T08:51:47.000Z
|
vkcd42nmsumwetax6emtvdoqbg4pd6rx
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:37596",
"uncompressed_offset": 373885923,
"url": "www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/index.php?oldid=45881&title=Italy_Archives_and_Libraries",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:46.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:bfec1707-471c-44b4-b7ec-1c7d4b7f9a21>",
"warc_url": "http://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/index.php?title=Italy_Archives_and_Libraries&oldid=45881"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
Italy Archives and LibrariesEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Revision as of 00:09, 13 July 2008 by Davide (Talk | contribs)
Archives collect and preserve original documents created by organizations such as churches or governments. Libraries generally collect published sources such as books, maps, and microfilm. This section describes the major repositories of genealogical and historical records and sources for Italy.
If you plan to visit one of these repositories, contact the organization and ask for information about their collection, hours, services, and fees.
Although the records you need may be in an archive or library in Italy, the Family History Library may have a microfilm copy of them. The library has copies of many records from numerous Italian archives, as noted below, but from only a few libraries and other record repositories.
In Italy there are several major types of genealogical repositories:
Contents
Provincial Archives [Archivio di stato]
In Italy each province has its own archive. Most records of genealogical value are kept by provincial archives. They serve as repositories for records about their particular area.
Records of genealogical value at provincial archives include:
• Church records (some)
• Civil registration
• Census
• Court records
• Military records
• Notarial records
The provincial archives of Italy are open to the public. In addition, the Family History Library has microfilm copies of many of the records from these archives.
There are forty state archive sections in the country.
Lamezia Terme a unit dependant on the State Archives of Catanzaro
The Sezione Archivio de State (Section of the State archive) holds Nicastro district records from 1555:
Sezione Archivio de State
88046 Lamezia Terme
Via A. Moro (Palazzo Gigliotti)
Tele-fax 0968 22048
E-Mail: furgi.uele@libero.it
Internet: http://www.lameziastorica.it/archivio_lameziaing.htm
Reading Room Hours
8:00 AM – 7:00 PM from Monday to Friday
8:00 AM – 1:30 PM Saturday
Local Civil Offices [Comune]
In Italy all records created by the local government since 1865, including birth, death, and marriage records, are kept in local civil offices. These records are available to the public. Civil offices are comparable to town halls in the United States.
Duplicates are kept at the tribunale. You can get information or copies of the records kept at the comune or tribunale by correspondence. You can find a list of archival addresses in:
Archivum; revue internationale des archives publié e avec le concours financier de l’Unesco et sous les auspices du Consil internationale des archives (International review on archives published by the International Council of Archives with the financial aid of Unesco). Paris, France: Presses Universitaires de France, 1952. (FHL book EUROPE REF 020.5 Ar25 v. 38.)
For more information about civil offices and their records, see the "Civil Registration" section of this outline.
Church Archives
Some dioceses of the Catholic Church have gathered duplicates of their older church records into a diocesan archive. You can write to these archives and request brief searches of their records. See the "Church Records" section of this outline.
Church Parish
Catholic records are usually kept by the local parish. You can write to local parishes and church archives for information. See the "Church Records" section of this outline.
Jewish archives, which were mostly destroyed during World War II, are found at the synagogue for each city where a Jewish community existed or exists. The archives of the Waldensians, the oldest Protestant group in the world, are in Torre Pelice in the province of Torino. For more information regarding these groups, see the "Church History" and "Jewish Records" sections of this outline.
Other Libraries
Some of the sources you will want to use are also available in major libraries in Italy. These sources include local histories, ancient manuscripts, and unpublished works regarding heraldry and genealogy. Contact these libraries and ask about their collection, hours, services, and fees. A good source regarding Italian libraries and their collections is:
Annuario delle biblioteche italiane (Yearbook of Italian libraries). Three Volumes. Roma, Italy: Fratelli Palombi, 1958. (FHL book EUROPE 945 J5an, 1958; film 962678, item 1–2.)
Historical and Genealogical Societies
Italy has some organized historical and genealogical societies. Some of these societies maintain libraries and archives that collect valuable records. For more information, including addresses, see the "Societies" section of this outline.
Inventories, Registers, Catalogs
Some archives have catalogs, inventories, guides, or periodicals that describe their records and how to use them. If possible, study these guides before you visit or use the records of an archive so that you can use your time more effectively. The Annuario delle biblioteche italiane, mentioned above, is a guide to Italian archives and libraries.
The Family History Library has copies of some Italian libraries’ published inventories and other guides, catalogs, directories, and inventories. To find them look in the Family History Library Catalog under:
ITALY- ARCHIVES AND LIBRARIES
ITALY, [PROVINCE]- ARCHIVES AND LIBRARIES
Computer Networks and Bulletin Boards
Computers with modems can be useful tools for obtaining information from selected archives and libraries. In a way, computer networks themselves serve as a library. The Internet, certain computer bulletin boards, and commercial online services help family history researchers:
• Locate other researchers.
• Post queries.
• Send and receive e-mail.
• Search large databases.
• Search computer libraries.
• Join in computer chat and lecture sessions.
You can find computerized research tips and information about ancestors from Italy in many sources at local, provincial, national, and international levels. The list of sources is growing rapidly. Most information is available at no cost. Many sources on the Internet are in English and provide valuable information regarding research tips, letter-writing, addresses, archives, and so forth.
Web sites
http://www.italgen.com
Contains the Italian Genealogy Homepage. Includes a large surname database.
http://www.archivi.beniculturali.it
Lists the following information about all Italian provincial archives: addresses, telephone numbers, fax numbers, e-mail addresses (if one exists), hours, and services available. In Italian.
http://www.cyndislist.com/italy.htm
Provides links to hundreds of Italian genealogical sites.
http://www.point-pointers.net/
Contains a weekly posting of queries and answers from PIE (Pointers in E-mail).
http://www.ansa.it
Italian news agency. (In Italian.)
http://www.italiangen.org
Contains the homepage of the Italian Genealogy Group.
http://www.iacsonline.net/
Contains Italian-American genealogy posted by the Italian-American Cultural Society.
http://www.cimorelli.com
Contains Anthony Cimorelli’s homepage, which includes every kind of help possible in Italian research through PIE (POINTERS in E-mail).
Need additional research help? Contact our research help specialists.
Need wiki, indexing, or website help? Contact our product teams.
Did you find this article helpful?
You're invited to explain your rating on the discussion page (you must be signed in).
|
v0
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.