lighteval/med_mcqa · Datasets at Hugging Face

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True about anatomy of Fallopian tubes:	C i.e. Ovary is attached to uterus by ovarian ligament	3	Length is 20 cm	Medial tolateral structures are isthmus, interstitial pa,ampulla & fimbrae	Medial tolateral structures are isthmus, interstitial pa, ampulla & fimbrae	All	Anatomy	null	e0e19c41-f1e1-4945-9aaf-88f502b90750	multi
A 35 year old male presented with nasal discharge, facial pain and fever which subsided with a course of antibiotics and antihistaminics, which recurred again after 2 months. O/E mucopurulent discharge from middle meatus, and inflamed sinus openings, investigation of choice -	NCCT PNS is non-contrast Computerized Tomography of the Paranasal sinuses. It is a study to determine the status of the nose and sinuses and the extent of sinusitis. Mucosal thickening and the ostial block of all the sinuses means that there are signs of sinusitis or infection and that there is a sinus problem. It is the investigation of choice.	2	X-ray PNS	NCCT PNS	MRI of the face	Inferior meatal puncture	ENT	Nose and paranasal sinuses	3b1662ff-c571-4178-8e72-68cc8d722481	single
Regarding alpha feto-protein true statement is :	Ans. is a i.e. Major source in fetal life is yolk sac As discussed earlier : "AFP is synthesized early in gestation by the fetal yolk sac and later by the fetal GITand liver." No where it is given that major source is yolk sac so this statement (option "a") is paially correct. AFP levies are not increased in wilms tumour (i.e. option "b" is incorrect). Maximum level of AFP in : -- Fetal serum is at - 13 weeks -- Amniotic fluid is at 13 weeks. Maternal serum is at 28-32 weeks.	1	Major source in fetal life is yolk sac	Commonly incrased in wilms tumour	Maximum level at 20th week	Half life 5-7 days	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	null	67c7dd1c-f097-4793-b327-9c41cf928982	multi
Randomized controlled trials are -	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Clincial trials	1	Clinical trials	Preventive trials	Before and after comparison studies	Evaluation of Health Services	Social & Preventive Medicine	null	2016510d-f263-40ec-b8c7-7e3fab1f794a	single
Prolong latent phase is/are seen in:a) Placenta praeviab) Unripe cervixc) Abruptio placentae d) Excessive sedatione) Early epidural analgesia	null	4	abc	ade	ace	bde	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	null	b433a6f2-cde5-4b94-bfab-4abf1645feec	single
Which IPC includes vitriolage -	Vitriolage * Vitriolage means throwing of acid on the face or body of a person with a malicious intention to cause bodily harm or disfigurement or to cause blindness. * The term is derived from the practice of throwing sulfuric acid (oil of vitriol). However, it is broadly used to denote injury caused by throwing any corrosive substance such as acid or alkali. REF;THE SYNOPSIS OF FORENSIC MEDICINE:KS NARAYANA REDDY;28th EDITION;PAGE NO298	3	318	319	320	321	Forensic Medicine	Poisoning	b65cbf57-dc5c-464e-bb89-bb95d1afce81	single
A female is on warfarin after her valve replacement surgery. All about warfarin are TRUE, EXCEPT:	Absolute contraindications of warfarin: Previous CNS bleeding Recent neurosurgery Active frank bleeding Early pregnancy and delivery Relative contraindications: Active peptic ulcer disease Chronic alcoholism Bleeding diathesis Severe hypeension Severity and type of liver disease may influence warfarin pharmacokinetics. Severe cholestatic liver disease reduces CYP2C content, while severe cirrhotic liver without cholestasis does not. Ref: Inpatient Anticoagulation By Margaret C. Fang, 2011, Page 34; Primary Care Medicine Recommendations By Allan H. Goroll, Albe G. Mulley, Jr., 2001, Page 224; Goodman and Gillman's 11th edition, Page 955-956.	3	Half-life is 36 hours	Crosses placenta	Contraindicated in hepatic failure	Inhibits all vitamin K dependent clotting factors	Pharmacology	null	cec4376a-6aaa-4ec1-884f-76c22b351b7f	multi
In central serous retinopathy, in the macular region, there occurs	Ans. . Spontaneous detachment of neuro-sensory retina	1	Spontaneous detachment of neuro-sensory retina	Macular oedema	Detachment of pigment epithelium	Detachment of choroid	Ophthalmology	null	0c2a639b-ecc4-4424-a02f-fc77f202d2bd	single
Fluoroquinolone with highest oral bioavilability:-	Bioavailability : rate and extend to which an administered drug reaches the systemic circulation . Of the above mentioned drugs:- Levofloxacin has maximum bioavailability Norfloxacin has minimum bioavailability	1	Levofloxacin	Gemifloxacin	Ciprofloxacin	Norfloxacin	Pharmacology	NEET 2019	9f1e8a50-2bfd-4d07-a3c8-d235b44c68f1	single
A lesion of the ventrolateral part of the spinal cord will lead to the loss (below the level of the lesion) of	Sensations carried by the posterior column - Proprioception, Vibration, kinesthesia, fine touch. Sensations carried by the anterolateral column - Temperature, pain (lateral) and crude touch (anterior) Crossing over of fibers occurs in case of the anterolateral system.	3	Pain sensation on the ipsilateral side	Proprioception on the contralateral side	Pain sensation on the contralateral side	Proprioception on the ipsilateral side	Physiology	null	92c2776c-56d3-407c-970d-974c15543b15	single
The best radiographic view for TMJ is	The panoramic image is a useful tool for providing a broad overview of the TMJ and surrounding structures. It serves the purpose of allowing the clinician to rule out gross disease, and for some patients, it is the only imaging required before conservative therapy is initiated. Gross osseous changes in the condyles may be identified, such as asymmetries, extensive erosions, large osteophytes, tumors, or fractures. The panoramic projection also provides a means of comparing left and right sides of the mandible and can reveal odontogenic diseases and other disorders that may be the source of TMJ symptoms.	4	Lateral oblique	PA view	Waters view	OPG	Radiology	null	3a01800c-9be6-43c9-a45a-12f0530803fe	single
An 8 year old child presented with signs of increased intracranial tension. Imaging studies showed a growth in the brain. Which is the commonest tumor in a child in the posterior fossa of head?	Medulloblastoma arises in the posterior pa of the cerebellar vermis and neuroepithelial roof of the fouh ventricle in children. It accounts for 20 percent of childhood brain tumors. Primitive neuroectodermal tumor is the most common type of medulloblastoma. Most occur in the first decade of life, but there is a second peak around age 30. Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. They are usually midline. Most occur in the cerebellum and present with symptoms of increased ICP. Ref: Ropper A.H., Samuels M.A. (2009). Chapter 31. Intracranial Neoplasms and Paraneoplastic Disorders. In A.H. Ropper, M.A. Samuels (Eds), Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology, 9e.	2	Astrocytoma	Medulloblastoma	Craniopharyngioma	Meningioma	Pediatrics	null	e788ab46-c97f-4008-8d55-c78a2f4726cd	single
Paucity of pus is seen in	null	2	Quinsy	Ludwig's angina	Carbuncle	Milroy disease	Surgery	null	540481f4-8e47-4954-95cb-59f03ca54f7d	single
Sequential steps for resective osseous surgery are	null	3	radicular blending, vertical grooving, flattening interproximat bone, gradualizing marginal bone	vertical grooving, flattening interproximal bone, gradualizing marginal bone, radicular blending	vertical grooving, radicular blending, flattening interproximal bone, gradualizing marginal bone	vertical grooving, radicular blending, gradualizing marginal bone, flattening interproximal bone	Dental	null	0f75d8e1-86ab-4c08-93a9-dba34b3852b2	multi
A patient presented with peripheral field loss and fundus examination shows waxy exudates & pale disc with pigmentation around retinal vessels, diagnosis is	D i.e. Retinitis-pigmentosa	4	Behcet's syndrome	Chorio- retinitis	Open angle glaucoma	Retinitis-pigmentosa	Ophthalmology	null	d636ae37-ce3d-4f67-aa76-59c2f2036dea	single
Most common extra-cranial complication of ASOM is -	null	3	Facial nerve paralysis	Lateral sinus thrombosis	Mastoiditis	Brain abscess	ENT	null	f8b78cc3-7d4a-4e8a-b361-a1ec89a9a41a	single
Lesch - Nyhan Syndrome - associated with	It is X-linked inherited disorder of purine metabolismDeficiency of HGPase, so the rate of salvage pathway is decreased resulting in the accumulation of PRPP and decreased level of inhibitory purine nucleotide Disease is characterized by self-mutilation, mental retardation excessive uric acid and nephrolithiasis Ref: DM Vasudevan, 7th edition, page no: 568	3	Purine necleoside phosphorylase deficiency	Adenosine deaminase deficiency	Hypoxanthine - guanine phosphoribosyl transferase defect	Xanthine oxidase deficiency	Biochemistry	Metabolism of nucleic acids	cebf746a-747c-465d-a206-7105fb3ce729	single
Mould therapy is used in the treatment of:	Ans: d (Skin cancer)Mould therapy is actually used in the treatment of penile carcinomas. But in the choices there was no penile cancer.As penile carcinoma can be considered as penile skin cancer and is squamous cell carcinoma, it better to go for the option skin cancer	4	Pelvic cancer	Lung cancer	Prostate cancer	Skin cancer	Radiology	Radiotherapy	c98ffa4a-bf88-4296-a38a-7fc9aeb4e328	single
In a firearm injury, there is burning, blackening, tattooing around the wound, along with a cherry red colour of the surrounding tissues and is cruciate in shape, the injury is -	This question is tricky. First see the information provided in the question:- Burning, blackening, tattooing around the wound. Cherry red colour of surrounding tissue. Both these are features of close shot entry. But the other important information in question is the cruciate shape of entry wound, a feature of contact shot entry. Now you must be thinking that why have I given option c as the answer and not option a. This is because burning, blackening, tattooing and cherry red colouration around the wound may occur in contact shot when muzzle end is not pressed firmly- "If the muzzle end is not pressed firmly or is loosened by recoil, flame; gas and soot may escape sideways and spoil the adjoining skin"........................... Parikh Thus, all the given features (in question) may be found in contact shot entry, and cruciate shape of entry wound is specific for contact shot (not found in the close shot entry).	3	Close shot entry	Close contact exit	Contact shot entry	Distant shot entry	Forensic Medicine	null	0f3bfb0f-3d0b-491a-93b9-111e8204ee30	single
Normal anion gap is (in mEq/L) ?	Ans. is `b' i.e., 10-12	2	5-Mar	12-Oct	18-20	25-30	Physiology	null	37335850-1c8c-4da7-994f-d29fa7f140b5	single
The most common injury in a 7 years old child due to fall on outstretched hand is	D i.e. Supracondylar fracture of humerus	4	Dislocation of shoulder	Colles' fracture	Fracture of clavicle	Supracondylar fracture of humerus	Surgery	null	46e28757-470a-4c2c-b1ed-4b9b5b881777	multi
Oxygen dependent killing is done through which of the following enzymes?	Oxygen dependent killing is done through NADPH oxidase, which oxidases NADPH and reduces oxygen to superoxide anion. Superoxide is then conveed to hydrogen peroxide by spontaneous dismutation. In presence of chloride, myeloperoxidase in neutrophils can conve hydrogen peroxide to hypochlorous acid, which is bactericidal. Catalase, Superoxide dismutase and Glutathione peroxidase are free radical scavenging enzymes that break down hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion. Ref: Pathologic Basis Of Disease, Robbins, 6th Edition, Page 62; 7th Edition, Page 60, 16.	1	NADPH oxidase	Super oxide dismutase	Catalase	Glutathione peroxidase	Pathology	null	abbb12eb-ec57-4ecd-85d8-9fa065e45369	single
Which of the following poison retards putrefaction:	B i.e. Carbolic Acid	2	Organophosphorus	Carbolic acid	Oxalic acid	Hydrogen-chloride	Forensic Medicine	null	87f64b48-c7a7-4cf9-b621-78b384f124e9	single
Which of the following is Virus-induced epithelial hyperplasia:	null	4	Molluscum contagiosum	Focal epithelial hyperplasia	Squamous papilloma	All of the above	Pathology	null	fcb0465d-4b66-43c3-a5d4-3c8abb861f99	multi
The given manifestation is the most common symptom of which of the following neuroendocrine tumor of pancreas?	The image shows Central necrosis & Peripheral Erythema "Necrolytic Erythema Migrans". It is the most common manifestation of Glucagonoma Glucagonoma / Hyperglycemic Cutaneous Syndrome. 4 D Syndrome Diabetes Mellitus - Dermatitis (M.C symptom) "Necrolytic Erythema Migrans" DVT Depression M.C site of tumor - Body & Tail of pancreas. Malignant Rx of choice: Distal Pancreatectomy.	2	Insulinoma	Glucagonoma	Gastrinoma	Somatostatinoma	Surgery	Pancreas	06df9638-8d07-4a4c-83b2-5742bfd05447	single
According to Eversole theory Salivary gland tumours arising from intercalated duct reserve cell are all except:	null	3	Pleomorphic adenoma.	Warthins tumor.	Mucoepidermoid carcinoma.	Acinic cell carcinoma.	Pathology	null	5594f7ff-9156-400a-805f-9122428ee3e5	multi
A woman complains of coloured haloes around lights in the evening, with nausea and vomiting, IOP is normal; Diagnosis is	B i.e. Prodromal stage of closed angle glaucoma In Prodromal (Latent) stage of angle closure glaucoma there occurs an attack of transient rise in IOP (40-60 mmHg) lasting for few seconds only Q. Such attacks are intermittent and are usually precipitated by overwork, anxiety, fatigue or due to dilation of pupil (as reading in dim illumination, or watching cinema in a darkened cinema hall) Q. During this phase patient experiences transient blurring of vision, coloured halos around the light due to corneal oedema and mild headache Q. On examination eye is white and not congested. Anterior chamber is narrow and gonioscopy reveals narrow angle.	2	Incipient stage glaucoma open angle	Prodromal stage, closed angle glaucoma	Migraine	Cluster Headache	Ophthalmology	null	4f115a92-73cf-4e1a-addd-ddbe41cd6327	single
High - resolution CT of the lung is a specialized CT technique for greater detail of lung parenchyma and it utilizes:	C i.e. Bone - algorithm for image reconstruction	3	Special lung filters	Thick collimation	Bone algorithm for image reconstruction	Large filed of view	Radiology	null	ca63552e-d612-4053-a880-39032f405234	single
Preferred shunt procedure in patient with poal hypeension having acceptable operative risk and adequate liver function is	Answer- D. Distal splenorenal shuntPoosystemic shunt procedures such as splenorenal shunt and mesocaval shunt, may be indicated in patients with complication of poal hypeension.Given the early occlusion rate and the need for constant surveillance, it is generally advised that TIPS should be reserved for Child C classification of cirrhosis, whereas a distal splenorenal shunt is safe, durable, preferred and effective treatment in patients with acceptable operative risk and still good liver function.	4	End to side poocaval shunt	End to end poocaval shunt	Mesocaval shunt	Distal splenorenal shunt	Surgery	null	a13757e9-2180-4203-83e1-0e64f2c1bdb4	single
Thymic hyperplasia is seen in ?	Ans. is 'c' i.e., Mysthenia gravisThymic hvperplasiaThe term thymic hyperplasia usually applies to the appearance of B-cell germinal centers within the thymus, a finding that is referred to as thymic follicular hyperplasia.Such B-cell follicles are present in only small numbers in the normal thymus.It can occur in a number of chronic inflammatory and immunologic states, but it is most frequently encountered in myasthenia gravis (65% to 75% of cases).Similar thymic changes are sometimes encountered in Graves disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, rheumatoid ahritis, and other autoimmune disorders.	3	Thymoma	Thymic lymphoma	Myasthenia gravis	Scleroderma	Pathology	null	59028f08-8058-4adf-8546-bc1b259f7a6b	single
Last ocular muscle to be involved in Graves' disease-	*Order of involvement (Mnemonic : IM SLO) :- Inferior rectus > medial rectus > superior rectus > Lateral rectus > obliques. Ref: Head & Neck Surgery 2nd/e p.1513	4	Inferior rectus	Lateral rectus	Superior rectus	Inferior oblique	Ophthalmology	Diseases of orbit, Lids and lacrimal apparatus	3e5f40d9-6f5b-4602-a149-493cec30376b	single
Not included in Charcot's triad?	Gallbladder lump is not a component of Charcot's triad of ascending cholangitis secondary to CBD stones.The triad includes intermittent features like colicky pain,fever & jaundice. Reference:SRB's manual of surgery,5th edition,page no:651.	4	Fever	Pain	Jaundice	Gallbladder lump	Surgery	G.I.T	391e16b3-f70e-40fa-ada9-d99df609cda0	multi
Hydatidiform mole is principally a disease of:	Ans. is b, i.e. ChorionRef. Dutta 7/e, p 190Now don't tell me you want me to explain this--H mole is a benign neoplasm of chorion with malignant potential	2	Amnion	Chorion	Uterus	Decidua	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	Gestational Trophoblastic Disease	fae43903-edd5-4c4c-b305-abaa8c16af8f	multi
Severity of pancreatitis can be best assessed by:	Ans. (c) RANSON SCORERef: Bailey & Love 26th ed. /1128RANSON CRITERIAAt Admission* Age in years > 55 years* White blood cell count > 16000 cells/mm3* Blood glucose >10 mmol/L (> 200 mg/dL)* Serum AST > 250 IU/L* Serum LDH > 350 IU/LWithin 48 hours* Serum calcium < 2.0 mmol/L (< 8.0 mg/dL)* Hematocrit fall > 10%* Oxygen (hypoxemia P02 < 60 mmHg)* BUN increased by 1.8 or more mmol/L (5 or more mg/ dL) after IV fluid hydration* Base deficit (negative base excess) > 4 mEq/L* Sequestration of fluids > 6 LAlternatively, Pancreatitis severity can be assessed by any of the following:* APACHE II score > 8* CT Scan - Substantial pancreatic necrosis (at least 30% glandular necrosis according to contrast-enhanced CT)	3	Serial Serum amylase	Stool trypsin levels	RANSON Score	ARDS development	Surgery	Pathophysiology - Acute Pancreatitis	7b1592e5-fa2d-4e2a-ab0d-329a350f9da3	single
Frotteurism is: NEET 13	Ans. Sexual gratification by rubbing private pas	2	Sexual pleasure is obtained by witnessing the act of urination	Sexual gratification by rubbing private pas	Sexual practise involving three people	Sexual pleasure in watching females getting undressed	Forensic Medicine	null	012d749c-3aaa-4d9a-b008-17f8bd6ea699	single
What are the findings in USG, which suggests incompetent os:a) Cervical lengthb) External osc) Internal osd) Funneling of amniotic sace) AP length of cervix	null	4	abc	ad	bc	acd	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	null	dc529d4d-3c68-4b6f-a0c9-344101eda994	single
The following pedigree represents:	The pedigree shows the Autosomal Dominant inheritance pattern. The various autosomal dominant disease can be named as, Mnemonic: Vo Familial Hypercholesterolemia Autosomal DOMINANT Hai.	1	Osteogenesis imperfecta	Wilson’s disease	Alkaptonuria	Cystic fibrosis	Pathology	null	79a8e38f-da8f-4902-b07b-f5bff909c92d	single
After use of some drug, a person develops episodes of rage in which he runs about and indiscriminately injures a person who is encountered in way. He is probably addict of-	Episodes of rage in which the person runs about and injures others is suggestive of running amok, which is seen in Cannabis abuse.	2	Alcohol	Cannabis	Opium	Cocaine	Psychiatry	null	e4e21cd3-8731-4bf1-beed-658a48055ab2	single
Mitral cells and periglomerular cells are seen in	In the olfactory bulbs, the axons of the olfactory sensory neurons contact the primary dendrites of the mitral cells and tufted cells to form anatomically discrete synaptic units called olfactory glomeruli. The olfactory bulbs also contain periglomerular cells, which are inhibitory neurons connecting one glomerulus to another, and granule cells, which have no axons and make reciprocal synapses with the lateral dendrites of the mitral and tufted cells.	2	Medulla	Olfactory bulb	Primary visual coex	Geniculate body	Physiology	Nervous system	3797d81d-df01-4109-acd1-34647f927ea0	single
Most commonly used approach for retrosternal goitre:-	Retrosternal goitre: - >50% thyroid tissue located below neck - A.K.A i. Sub-sternal Goitre ii. Mediastinal Goitre Retrosternal Goitre Primary Mediastinal Goitre - BLOOD SUPPLY From Neck region From mediastinum region - APPROACH Transcervical Thoracic Primary Mediastinal Goitre: Diameter of Goitre > Thoracic inlet	3	Transthoracic second intercostal space	Trans-sternal through anterior mediastinum	Transcervical	Axillary approach	Surgery	NEET 2019	8e64f676-692e-43e1-ae92-6f956843e9ec	single
Not a symptom of angle closure glaucoma –	Transient blurring of vision and headache is seen in stage of constant instability. Coloured halos are seen in acute congestive stage.	3	Blurring of vision	Coloured Halos	Metamorphosia	Headache	Ophthalmology	null	0cc9ecaa-d120-4c0b-83bf-696a2cf6bb17	single
In 3 year child with polio paralysis, the tendon transfer operation is done at -	Tendon transfers : are done to equalize an unbalanced paralysis or to use the motor power of working muscles for more useful functions. It is not done before 5 yrs of age as the child has to be manageable enough to be taught proper exercises. As the child is 3 years old, tendon transfer should be done after 2 years (at 5 years of age).	2	2 months after the disease	2 years after the disease	6-12 months after the disease	After skeleton maturation	Orthopaedics	null	b1422d0d-4eab-4073-bc38-eb3cd7af97f1	single
Which is not a perceptional disorder	Imagery: awareness of a percept that has been generated within the mind, can be terminated by an effo of will. It is a pa of a normal phenomenon Hallucination: False sensory perception occurring in the absence of any relevant stimulation of the sensory modality involved. Types: auditory, Visual, tactile, gustatory, smell Illusion: Perceptual misinterpretation of a real external stimulus. Synesthesia: Condition in which the stimulation of one sensory modality is perceived as a sensation in a different modality, as when a sound produces a sensation of colour. Reference: P. 924 ,925, 928 chap 7.3 Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry(Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th Edition)	4	Hallucination	Illusion	Synaesthesia	Imagery	Psychiatry	All India exam	189ab8ce-de10-4356-b843-1073d6755fa6	multi
BAL is used as an antidote poisoning by -	null	4	Morphine	Aconite	Phenol	Mercury	Forensic Medicine	null	384fdb91-5bcc-4382-adf2-5b36c0a6925a	single
High Oxygen tension in alveoli is due to:	B i.e. Ventilation - Perfusion mismatch	2	Right to left shunt	Right to left shunt	Bronchial Asthma	Inappropriate gas exchange	Physiology	null	ff999246-c1d3-44da-ac71-fd959426f0be	single
Only ketogenic aminoacid is -	Ans. is 'a' i.e., LeucineA) Glucogenic amino acids These can be converted into glucose. 14 amino acids are glucogenic: alanine, arginine, aspargine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, methionine, proline, serine, threonine, valine.B) Ketogenic amino acids These can be converted into ketone bodies. These are leucine and lysine.C) Both glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids These can be converted into both glucose and ketone bodies. These are isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan.Note : According to Harper 29th/e (P-282), lysine is both ketogenic and glucogenic. But all other textbooks have mentioned it as ketogenic.	1	Leucine	Isoleucine	Tyrosine	Tryptophan	Biochemistry	Proteins and Amino Acids	9ef37338-e2a2-42d1-ad76-e611d9f70e95	single
Excessive crying is seen after which vaccination :	An uncommon reaction to DPT (due to pertussis) component is Prolonged screaming.	2	Polio	DPT	BCG	Measles	Pediatrics	null	4b02b230-1b39-4300-b71a-92760463956b	single
Perception of a non-noxious stimulus as pain is termed as	(A) Allodynia # Allodynia is a non-painful stimulus, once perceived, is experienced as painful, and even excruciating.> Hyperalgesia denotes severe pain in response to a mildly noxious stimulus.> Hyperesthesia means pain in response to touch.> Hyperesthesia/hypoasthesia is increase/decrease respectively incutaneous sensations to a specific type of testing, such as pressure, light touch, and warm or cold stimuli.> Paresthesia refer to tingling or pins and needles sensation or abnormal sensation perceived without an apparent stimuli.# Dysesthesia: All types of abnormal sensations even painful or whether a stimulus is evident or not.# Hypoesthesia: Reduced pain perception.> Hyperpathia: Broad term, encompasses all the phenomenon' described by hyperthermia, allodynia, and hyperalgesia.	1	Allodynia	Dysodynia	Hyperalgesia	Hyperesthesia	Physiology	Nervous System	a1b26d2a-6b7e-40af-bd94-b407ad9fbfdf	multi
Colour of O2 cylinder	D i.e. Black & White	4	Gray	Orange	Blue	Black & White	Anaesthesia	null	dd0513da-29b8-4054-8749-637bcf06e81a	single
In iceberg phenomenon, the submerged part represents	Ans. (a) Undiagnosed cases in communityRef : K. Park 23rd ed. /39, 135; K. Park 21s,ed. /37	1	Undiagnosed cases in community	Diagnosed cases in community	Clinial cases that physician sees	Clinical cases that investigator sees	Social & Preventive Medicine	Concept of disease causation	b0d53eb8-b0e9-4dbc-ae02-aacf4cb73063	single
Urea cycle enzymes are	Arginosuccinate synthetase is an enzyme involved. Other options are not present.Ref: DM Vasudevan - Textbook of Biochemistry, 7th edition, page no: 205 .fig 15.13.	3	Glutaminase	Asparginase	Arginosuccinate synthetase	Ornithine transcaroxylase	Biochemistry	Metabolism of protein and amino acid	5990a67d-5490-49ae-895e-2dbbc789fd1c	single
Renal tuberculosis originates in the -	null	1	Renal papilla	Renal medulla	Afferent tubules	Efferent arteriole of glomerulus	Surgery	null	c9e1b965-e2a8-4ad9-9844-49bd168e916e	single
Kiesselbach's area does not involve:	Ans: D Posterior ethmoidal artery* Kiesselbach's area aka Kiesselbach;s plexus and Little's area, is an area on the nasal septum located on the antero inferior part of the septum* in this area four arteries anastomose to form a vascular plexus called Kiesselbach's plexus.* The arteries are# Sphenopalatine artery (from the maxillary artery): Main artery of plexus# Greater palatine artery (from the maxillary artery)# Anterior ethmoidal artery (from the ophthalmic artery)# Septal branch of the superior labial artery (from the facial artery)	4	Superior labial artery	Anterior ethmoidal artery	Greater palatine artery	Posterior ethmoidal artery	ENT	Nose and PNS	7b1869c9-1b64-4518-85f8-65a472124be3	single
A 12 year old girl was brought with fever, malaise, and migrating polyahritis. She had a history of recurrent throat infections in the past. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate is noted. Which among the following is NOT a major Jones criteria for diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever?	Revised Jones Criteria for Diagnosis of Rheumatic Fever: Major criteria: Pericarditis, myocarditis, or endocarditis Chorea Subcutaneous nodules Erythema marginatum Polyahritis Minor criteria: Fever Ahralgias Laboratory findings: elevated sedimentation rate, evidence of preceding streptococcal infection (increased titer of antistreptolysn O), increased C-reactive protein History of rheumatic fever or rheumatic hea disease; increased PR interval on ECG The presence of two major or one major and two minor criteria with suppoing evidence of recent infection with group A streptococcus indicates a high probability of rheumatic fever. Ref: Woods R.P., Seamon J. (2011). Chapter 21. Ahritis & Back Pain. In R.L. Humphries, C. Stone (Eds), CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment Emergency Medicine, 7e.	4	Pancarditis	Chorea	Ahritis	Raised ESR	Medicine	null	60673772-8417-4c56-a3f8-bde53ebc680c	single
Characteristic 'tram-line' calcifications in the skull radiographs are observed in:	People who have Sturge-Weber syndrome usually have both facial and intraoral macular hemangioma, although the intraoral hemangiomas may also be of the exophytic variety. An additional characteristic is the "tramline" calcifications seen in lateral skull radiographs. Wood and Goaz - Differential Diagnosis of oral & maxillofacial lesions ; 5th ed. Page no 65	2	Cleidocranial dysostoses	Sturge-Weber Syndrome	Paget's Disease	McCune-Albright syndrome	Radiology	null	aff1ab58-1b0c-4299-9a56-b5556bc8d504	single
Which of the following anti - hypertensives was once used as an antipsychotic?	Reserpine is an antihypertensive drug which was used as an antipsychotic. Antipsychotic effect of reserpine is due to depletion of 5 - HT or catecholamine or both. Clonidine is also an antihypertensive. Its uses in psychiatry are - ADHD, opioid withdrawal, Tourette's syndrome and suppression of agitation in PTSD.	4	Atenolol	Propranolol	Clonidine	Reserpine	Psychiatry	null	0d1453ce-b1f2-4c5f-9b80-8531d5aa00b6	single
Diaphragm develops from all of the following structures, except?	The diaphragm is, therefore, formed from the following components Pleuroperitoneal membranes forms posterior pa of central tendon. Dorsal mesentry of esophagus forms crus of diaphragm. Body wall forms peripheral pa of diaphragm. cervical myotomes forms muscles of diaphragm.	4	Septum transversum	Pleuroperitoneal membrane	Cervical myotomes	Dorsal mesocardium	Anatomy	General anatomy	57ccf9da-a300-4977-9a59-34aa531e9cbd	multi
Which of the following statements best describes long acting nitrate preparations?	Nitrates are generalized smooth-muscle dilators whose direct effect on the vasculature cannot be blocked by any currently available agents. Long acting preparations of nitroglycerin may be completely degraded by the liver in some patients and thus are generally less effective than sublingual forms. Because individual variability in metabolism is considerable, doses should be titrated against side effects and should not conform to a rigidly standardized regimen. Tolerance is common and must be considered if a patient fails to respond to a previously efficacious dose. Long-acting preparations such as trans dermal patches are less likely to produce the nitrate-associated side effects of headaches and dizziness than are the more rapidly acting sublingual forms.	1	Tolerance often develops	Their effect can be blocked by high doses of beta selective inhibitors	Trasdermal patches are more likely to be associated with headaches than are sublingual nitrates	Oral preparations are more effective than sublingual ones	Unknown	null	79d6adc8-2746-4ab1-89ca-127c5732f31c	multi
Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C include all of the following Except:	Answer is B (Celiac disease) Extrahepatic manifestations in viral hepatitis C: Wepatology' by Kuntz Agranulocytosis Aplastic anaemia Corneal ulceration Ciyoglobillinaemia Diabetes mellitus (type I) Erythema exsudativum multiforme Glomerulonephritis Guillain-Barre syndrome Hyperlipasaemia Lichen planus Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Polyaeritis nodosa Polyahritis Polyneuritis Porphyria cutanea tarda Sialadenitis Sjogren's syndrome /Sicca syndrome Thrombocytopenia Thyroiditis	2	Lichen Planus	Celiac Disease	Glomerulonephritis	Cryoglobulinemia	Medicine	null	16ccb0e1-739b-4f4c-a4d7-990c529daec8	multi
Which of the following happens when a nerve impulse arrives at the neuromuscular junction?	Molecules of ACh diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to ACh receptors on the motor end plate. Ref: Human Anatomy And Phsyiology, edited by Sanghani, Page 204	2	Release of calcium from Sarcoplasmic reticulum	ACh binds to receptors in Sarcolemmal membrane	Release of K+ into the Sarcoplasm	Sodium ions rush outside the Sarcoplasm	Physiology	null	1b8badf5-1577-4784-a40c-e0e767315a5b	single
Formation of primary ovary in female foetus takes place by	C i.e. 10 weeks	3	6th week	8th week	10th week	12th week	Anatomy	null	793539d2-5e54-40ad-9804-5b494078afd6	single
A chromosomal anomaly associated with Alzheimer's dementia is:	Answer is C (Trisomy 21) : Several genetic factors are known to play impoant roles in pathogenesis of at least some cases of Alzheimers disease. Trisomy 21 is one of them. Adults with trisomy 21 (Down's) consistently develop the Neuropathologic hallmark's of Alzheimer's disease if they survive beyond age 40.	3	Trisomy 18	Patau syndrome	Trisomy 21	Turners syndrome	Medicine	null	8aaca59e-9025-43b0-91f4-f9697fefb0fb	single
Chlamydia are isolated by	Isolation of chlamydiae can be done by :Inoculation into yolk sac/embryonated eggs of 6-8 day old chick embryo which may be pretreated by streptomycin or polymyxin B.Inoculation into experimental animals (mice)Tissue/cell culture:Preferred modeCommonly used cell lines are McCoy and HeLa cells.Cell cultures are pretreated by irradiation or chemicals such as 5-iodo-2 deoxyuridines or cycloheximide to enhance replication and detection of inclusion bodies.Pretreatment with DEAE dextran or centrifugation after inoculation promotes contact between chlamydiae paicles and cell monolayer.	2	Enzyme immune assay	Yolk sac inoculation	Direct immunofluorescence	Microimmunofluorescence	Microbiology	All India exam	13470d18-2294-4c47-a34d-b9c3bd0ebf4e	single
In a village of 1 lakh population, among 20, 000 exposed to smoking, 200 developed cancer, and among 40,000 people unexposed, 40 developed cancer. The relative risk of smoking in the development of cancer is -	Ans. is 'b' i.e., 10	2	20	10	5	15	Social & Preventive Medicine	null	e4097452-0f40-48fb-9c1c-adfe0934f712	single
Type of schizophrenia with mental retardation: NEET 13	Ans. Pfropf schizophrenia	4	Von-Gogh syndrome	Paranoid schizophrenia	Catatonic schizophrenia	Pfropf schizophrenia	Forensic Medicine	null	b8f79471-6ff5-4489-96aa-c45bc841c8b5	single
Not a risk for cholangio carcinoma -	</p> Davidson&;s principles and practice of medicine 22nd edition. *The tumour is associated with gallsgallstones,primary and secondary cholangitis,caroli&;s disease and choledochalcyst,chronic liver fluke infection (clonorchis sinensis) is the major risk factor for development for CCA.</p>	1	Hepatolithiasis	Hepatitis C	Clonorchi sinensis	Choledocholithiasis	Medicine	G.I.T	13899fe0-3a2a-44b8-b40f-677968b278ef	single
The most common enzyme deficiency in man is ?	A i.e. Glucose-6- PO4 dehydrogenaseGlucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is most common and pyruvate kinase deficiency is 2.d most common cause of enzyme deficiency related hemolytic anemiaQ.	1	Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Glucose-6-phosphatase	Hexokinase	Glucose-1.6-diphosphatse	Biochemistry	null	065225bf-efe4-4a70-a6f3-b23ed6e5836a	single
In pregnancy, calculation of EDD (expected date of delivery) considers: March 2013	Ans. A i.e. First day of last menstruation	1	First day of last menstruation	Last day of last menstruation period	Mid time of last menstrual period	Day of coitus	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	null	b768acca-0318-48c7-bd5b-a11706b7b03f	single
A 24years old girl with history of head trauma presented with multiple lacerations on the face and eyelids and base of skull fracture. It was noticed she wasn't able to pass tears. The probable cause is injury to-	The lacrimal drainage apparatus consists of the puncta on the upper lid and the lower lid, the canaliculus, the common canaliculus, the lacrimal sac, and the nasolacrimal duct. Canalicular lacerations are the most frequent cause of injury to the lacrimal system. The inferior canaliculus is involved in more than 50-75% of cases. The horizontal lower limb is the most frequently involved site. Ref: Hawes M, Dozbach R. Trauma of the lacrimal drainage system. Linberg J, Ed. Lacrimal Surgery. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1988. 241-262	3	Lacrimal Gland	Superior Canaliculus	Inferior Canaliculus	Upper eyelid	Ophthalmology	Diseases of orbit, Lids and lacrimal apparatus	2d99b147-8580-49d5-a510-f73a215f908a	single
Bitter taste is mediated by action of:	Ans. B. G proteina. Taste pathways: -b. Receptor stimulation: -i. For sour Via mammaliondegenerin-I and by activating H+ -gated cation channelsii. For salt Via Epithelium sodium channels (ENaC) by direct application amiloride (diuretic) on tongue, inhibits the ENaC and abolishes the ability to taste salt.iii. For Sweet activating adenyl cyclase, via a heterotrimeric G-protein and the resulting increase in intracellular cAMP reduces K+ conductanceiv. For bitter: - By reducing cAMP via a heterotrimeric G-protein; and Increase IP3 and DAG. A novel G-protein named alpha - has been shown to occur in bitter taste cells that activates phosphodiesterase causing a decrease in intracellular cAMP	2	Guanyl cyclase	G protein	Tyrosine kinase	Epithelial Na chain	Physiology	Special Senses: Smell and Taste	981789c5-9ab4-4795-88c5-375638c3d63f	single
Antenatal maternal HIV diagnosis is of importance in -	HIV infection can be transmitted from an infected mother to her fetus during pregnancy, during delivery, or by breastfeeding. The relative proportions of mother-to-child transmissions were 23–30% before birth, 50–65% during birth, and 12–20% via breastfeeding. Treatment of an HIV-infected mother with nevirapine during pregnancy and the infant during the first weeks following birth has proved very effective in dramatically decreasing mother-to-child transmission of HIV	1	To prevent vertical transmission	To terminate	To discharge	To isolate the patient	Microbiology	null	ecd6978b-2f4d-4d44-98bd-5a48b8f3f592	single
In hyperkalamia-	Hyperkalemia is defined as a plasma potassium level of 5.5 mM, Early ECG changes of hyperkalemia, typically seen at a serum potassium level of 5.5-6.5 mEq/L, include the following: Tall, peaked T waves with a narrow base, best seen in precordial leads Shoened QT interval ST-segment depression At a serum potassium level of 6.5-8.0 mEq/L, the ECG typically shows the following: Peaked T waves Prolonged PR interval Decreased or disappearing P wave Widening of the QRS Amplified R wave At a serum potassium level higher than 8.0 mEq/L, the ECG shows the following: (reference : harrisons principles of internal medicine,19E, page 308,310) Absence of P wave Progressive QRS widening Intraventricular/fascicular/bundle branch blocks Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 364	1	Serum level >5.5 meq/L	Serum level > 6.5 meql	T. wave inversion	Peaking of p wave	Medicine	Fluid and electrolytes	e6f71feb-1208-4602-905e-d0312ab9bf15	single
Which is the most common material used for grafting below inguinal aeries?	For blockage fuher down the leg either a femoral popliteal or femoral distal procedure may be performed. Long saphenous vein is the graft of choice which may be used with its valves destroyed by a special valve cutting instrument or reversed so that the valves do not interfere with the bold flow. Ref: Schwaz's Principles of Surgery, 9th Edition, Chapter 23; Surgical Talk: Revision in Surgery By Andrew Goldberg, Page 238; Mastery of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery By Gerald B. Zelenock, Page 417	1	Saphenous vein graft (upside - down)	PTFE	Dacron	Teflon	Surgery	null	9cfe76ab-21f1-43cf-a2d0-aa941246b56b	single
All are Flaviviruses except,	Chikungunya belongs to the genus alphavirus of the family Togaviridae. Two genera of medical impoance in Flaviruses- Flavivirus: ahropod borne viruses; Yellow fever, JEV, Dengue... Hepacivirus: Hepatitis C virus, non-ahropod borne Two genera of medical impoance in Togaviruses- Genus- Alphavirus: Chikungunya, Onyong-nyong, WEE, VEE, EEE. Genus- Rubivirus: Rubella.	2	HCV	Chikungunya	Yellow fever	Japanese B encephalitis virus	Microbiology	Virology (RNA Virus Pa-1,2 & Miscellaneous Viruses)	3b12c7e1-d7e8-4178-876c-353b0a06a511	multi
Which of the following conditions typically has rickets with normal or low calcium, elevated phosphorus, elevated parathormone, and elevated alkaline phosphatase?	All of the above conditions are causes of Rickets, so elevated alkaline phosphatase is seen in all the above. Chronic kidney disease is the only condition out of the above, where Phosphate is elevated.	4	Vitamin D deficiency	Fanconi syndrome	Dent's disease	Chronic kidney disease	Pediatrics	Rickets	35bb0900-ddb4-4233-8be4-c69d66c40bee	multi
Brodie's abscess is a terminology for:	Brodie's Abscess: Seen in immunocompetent Host Long standing localized pyogenic abscess in the bone (long standing because of strong defence mechanism of body). Involves long bones (metaphysis or diaphysis), e.g. Upper end tibia. Classical Brodie's abscess looks like a small walled off (Sclerotic margins) cavity in bone with little or no periosteal reaction. Usual isolated organism is Staphylococcus aureus (although most cultures are negative). Treatment:Immobilization and antibiotics for 6 weeks if the diagnosis is clear. When the diagnosis is unsure then an open biopsy is needed and the lesion may be curetted at the same time.	2	Subungual infection	Subacute osteomyelitis	Web space infection	Infected hematoma	Orthopaedics	Ohopaedics Q Bank	2aaabf21-9dc1-480f-ac3e-2f97427136f4	single
The mandibular foramen transmits which of the following nerve ?	The mandibular foramen lies a little above the centre of the ramus at the level of the occlusal surfaces of the teeth. It leads into the mandibular canal which descends into the body of the mandible and opens at the mental foramen. The inferior alveolar nerve and vessels enter the, mandibular canal through the mandibular foramen, and run forwards within the canal. Ref : B D Chaurasia's Human Anatomy , seventh edition , volume 3 , pg . no., 32, 33.	2	superior alveolar nerve	inferior alveolar nerve	middle alveolar nerve	lingual nerve	Anatomy	Head and neck	73d386b9-1813-4170-a502-69d6d8172807	single
Cell mediated immunity is by viue of?	All above REF: Jawetz's 24th ed chapter 8 Cell mediated immunity is effected by T cells Helper T cells, suppressor T cells, cytotoxic T cells are types of T Cells	4	Helper t cells	Suppressor t cells	Cytotoxic t cells	All aboce	Microbiology	null	56151932-ebb0-4d76-a87a-442f239ad08e	multi
Most common cause of glomerulonephritis is?	Most common cause of glomerulonephritis is Berger disease. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is most common cause of nephrotic syndrome.	1	Berger disease	Acute Glomerulonephritis	Chronic glomerulonephritis	Focal segmental Glomerulosclerosis	Medicine	Nephrotic and Nephritic syndrome	f32ff24b-8998-4dcc-8f12-ad3a070b15a1	single
The following test is not used for diagnosis of leprosy –	Lepromin Test is not used to diagnose leprosy, nor does it indicate prior contact with lepra bacilli. Healthy persons in nonendemic areas with no chance of contact with the bacillus may give a positive lepromin test.	1	Lepromin test	Slit skin smear	Fine needle aspiration cytology	Skin biopsy	Dental	null	b97aa2a1-a490-4779-9d81-2621533debc8	single
Blood samples for "DNA finger printing" are transpoed in:	EDTA	2	Saline	EDTA	NaF	Thymol	Forensic Medicine	null	f70a13a8-8a10-4658-8131-2757c91ee576	single
The length of distal convoluted tubule is	Although the DCT is the shoest segment of the nephron, spanning only about 5 mm in length in humans (1), it plays a critical role in a variety of homeostatic processes, including sodium chloride reabsorption, potassium secretion, and calcium and magnesium handling Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number:460,461,462	1	5 mm	2 mm	12 mm	8 mm	Physiology	Renal physiology	0523bb40-b401-4800-b2c7-5148495c05e1	single
Which of the following is the extended criteria donor for transplant of kidney?	Ans. (d) All the aboveRef: Bailey and Love 27th edition, Page 1544In kidney transplant extended donor criteria is defined in USA as* Donor age > 60 years (or)* Donor age 50-60 years with any two of the following problems# Hypertension# Death from stroke# Terminal creatinine >132mmol/l.These marginal donors have less satisfactory outcomes than standard donors.	4	Extreme age of donor	Donors with hypertension	Donors with CVA	All of the above	Surgery	Transplantation	898c183f-7dcb-496b-908c-31f98c79d8bb	multi
Commonest cause of epistaxis in children is -	null	1	Trauma	Foreign body	Nasal diphtheria	Enlarged adenosis	ENT	null	2d568d89-d617-49cf-8c04-4af012d661c2	single
True about meningioms -	Ans. is 'c' i.e., 95% cure rate following treatment Meningiomas o Meningiomas are tumors that arise from the dura mater and are composed of neoplastic (arachnoid cap ) cells. o They are now the most common primary brain tumor, accounting for approximately 32% of the total. (this information has been added in 18th/e of Harrison). o They tend to be more common in women and in patients with Neurofibromatosis type-2. o Meningiomas are classified by the WHO into three histological grades of increasing aggressiveness: grade I or benign; grade II or atypical and grade III or malignant/anaplastic.( This information has been added in 18th/e of Harrison). o Total surgical resection of benign meningiomas is curative. Tumors that cannot be resected ; may benefit from treatment with external beam radiotherapy or stereotactic surgery.	3	More common in men	50% are malignant	95% cure rate following treatment	Arise from arachnoid layer	Pathology	null	4ddc5210-74d7-4063-921f-a961dc8862b7	multi
Follow-up ofcataract operations in national blindness control program is done by -	Ans. is 'c' i.e., Sentinel surveillance o 25 sentinel surveillance units have been established in depaments of ophthalmology and PSM in medical collages in India for assessment of - Beneficiary profiles. Visual outcomes based on cataract surgery records. Follow-up of operated cases. Ocular morbity data.	3	Active surveillance	Passive surveillance	Sentinel surveillance	Routine check-up	Social & Preventive Medicine	null	d198af9a-00b4-4e7b-a7b4-b027efa45828	single
Genital was in pregnancy treatment is	Cryotherapy T/T of anogenital was Topical medication Trichloracetic acid or Podophyllin resin applied weekly. hniquinod or podofilox should also be used. Crvotherapy and laser therapy Cryotherapy (freezing) using nitrous oxide or carbon dioxide is used in was who do not respond to topical treatment. Carbon dioxide laser is used for larger and more numerous was. TIT of anogenital was during pregnancy :- "Cryotherapy and laser therapy are the preferred t/t methods" The only topical therapy which can be used during pregnancy is Trichloracetic acid. Podophyllin resin is not used during pregnancy.	3	Podophylin	Salicylic acid & lactic acid	Cryotherapy	Imiquinod	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	null	4c01d370-3e3b-499f-8fb1-d3b914d21d5c	single
Which of the following will take place during skeletal muscle contraction?	During contraction, the I band decreases in size as thin filaments penetrate the A band. The H band--the pa of the A band with only thick filaments--diminishes in width as the thin filaments completely overlap the thick filaments. A net result is that each sarcomere, and consequently the whole cell (fiber), is greatly shoened. Also know: The light I band is divided by the dark Z line, and the dark A band has the lighter H band in its center. A transverse M line is seen in the middle of the H band, and this line plus the narrow light areas on either side of it are sometimes called the pseudo-H zone. The area between two adjacent Z lines is called a sarcomere. The thick filaments, which are about twice the diameter of the thin filaments, are made up of myosin; the thin filaments are made up of actin, tropomyosin, and troponin. The lighter H bands in the center of the A bands are the regions where, when the muscle is relaxed, the thin filaments do not overlap the thick filaments. Ref: Mescher A.L. (2010). Chapter 10. Muscle Tissue. In A.L. Mescher (Ed), Junqueira's Basic Histology: Text & Atlas, 12e.	2	A band shoen	Both H and I band shoen	Both A and I band shoen	Both A and H band shoen	Physiology	null	924f7761-0b64-4a84-99e4-61bb33029e2c	multi
Nikolsky's sign is seen in ?	Ans. is `d' i.e., All of the above Niko!sky's sign is seen in ? Pemphigus Toxic epidermal necrolysis Bullous impetigo Steven jonson syndrome Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome HSV & VZV infection Epidermolysis bullosa Malignancy (leukemia) Mycosis fungoides Bullous lichen planus	4	Pemphigus	Herpes zoster	Bullous impetigo	All of the above	Skin	null	ec586293-0ebe-4df3-8133-ed623ab3c183	multi
A patients hears better in noisy surrounding known as	A. i.e. (Paracusis) (87- Dhingra 4th) (120 - Maqbool 11th)* Paracusis willisii - an otosclerotic (otospongiosis patients hears better in noisy than quite surroundings* In cochlear lesions patients do not hear at conversational intensity but get irritated by loud sound - RECRUITMENT* Sociacusis - is the hearing impairment because of recreative places like pop music, snow mobiles and carraces etcHyperacusis (Phonophobia) - sounds appears as uncomfortably loud to the patients cause -(i) Stapedius muscle paralysis as after suprastaedial facial nerve paralysis(ii) Congenital syphilis (Hennebert's sign*)PRESBYACUSIS (Senile deafness) - Sensorineural hearing loss associated with physiological aging process in the ear is called presbycusis. Young man whose voice has not broken is called Puberphonia* White noise - consist of a random mixture of all frequencies	1	Paracusis	Diplacusis	Hyperacusis	Presbycusis	ENT	Ear	73b71bb9-e560-4451-befb-725871430f9d	single
Post exposure prophylaxis is applicable in all except:	Ans. B. Japanese encephalitisHIV - Tenofovir + Lamivudine + Efavirenz; Varicella zoster - Acyclovir or Oka vaccine; Swine influenza - Oseltamivir or quadrivalent vaccine.	2	HIV	Japanese encephalitis	Varicella zoster	Swine influenza	Microbiology	Virology	4db1c758-a02c-41b5-a229-f159657adb0a	multi
Oxidation in pentose phosphate pathway utilises:	The enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway act in the sequence of reactions of the pathway may be divided into two phases: an oxidative nonreversible phase and a nonoxidative reversible phase. Ref: Harper 28th edition, Chapter 21.	1	Oxidative phase	Non oxidative phase	Both of the above	None of the above	Biochemistry	null	8d703f5b-e912-4fd1-9257-dd6489b3e8f0	multi
Most common testicular tumor in Pre pubertal age	Yolk sac tumors are most commonly found in pre pubertal age group.	4	Seminomas	Sertoli cell tumors	Leydig cell tumors	Yolk sac tumors	Surgery	null	61a02c20-93d7-4c73-b9db-784e4ecd1097	single
Malignant melanoma of the choroid will produce: September 2012	Ans. B i.e. Exudative retinal detachment	2	Retinal dialysis	Exudative retinal detachment	Traction retinal detachment	Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment	Ophthalmology	null	9d76692e-bb98-4583-aac4-880f805bf586	single
True about hydatid cyst are all, except ?	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Calcification is common in lung Hydatid disease Liver cysts The majority of hydatid cysts occur in the liver, causing symptoms : Chronic abdominal discomfo Palpable abdominal mass Allergic reactions due to cyst rupture - skin rash, anaphylactic shock, or death. Abscess formation due to secondry bacterial infection Liver cysts occur more frequently in the right lobe. Lung cyst Second most common organ (after liver) Usually asymptomatic Occasionally may cause symptoms. Least common site of calcified hydatid cyst. Radiographic signs Meniscus sign Water - lily sign, camalote sign Rising sun sign, serpent sign Empty cyst sign	2	Most common site is liver	Calcification is common in lung	May involve kidney	Liver cysts are more common in right lobe	Microbiology	null	7ac8a7c9-06db-43cc-9775-44fbd26d446d	multi
Renal transplantation is most commonly done in ?	Answer is 'a' i.e. Chr. Glomerulonephritis Renal transplantation is the preferred treatment for many patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD), because it provides a better quality of life for them than dialysis. The most common causes of ESRD (in decreasing order) are: - Diabetes mellitus - Hypeension - Glomerulonephritis	1	Chr. glomerulonephritis	Bilateral staghorn calculus	Horse shoe kidney	Oxalosis	Surgery	null	177e592a-bc36-4855-b3f7-e2044aeaef61	single
38 year old male with pain and tenderness in dorsolumbar junction. Radiograph shows destruction of 12th dorsal vertebra with loss of disc space between D12 and L1, most probable diagnosis	null	3	Trauma	Vertebral osteomyelitis	Pott's spine	Metastasis of carcinoma lung	Orthopaedics	null	381bc8f7-722c-4303-8f15-fb59660fc84d	single
All are true about measles except-	<p>MEASLES:- An acute highly infectious disease of childhood caused by a specific virus of group myxovirus. Clinically characterised by fever and catarrhal symptoms of the upper respiratory tract( coryza,cough), followed by a typical rash. Incubation period-10 days from exposure to onset of fever and 14 days of appearance of rash. Secondary attack rate-infection confers life long immunity as there is only one antigenic type. Vaccine- live attenuated subcutaneous vaccine. {Reference: park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no.149}</p>	2	Incubation period is 10-14 days	Secondary attack rate is 30-40%	Sub cutaneous vaccine is available	Vaccine is live attenuated	Social & Preventive Medicine	Communicable diseases	7b9828bf-23c9-4186-834c-8e8cc8923239	multi
FEV1/FVC is reduced in case of-	null	3	Pleural effusion	Lung fibrosis	Asthma	All of the above	Medicine	null	b03adff9-d1ec-4b54-848c-05a379bfb595	multi
Posterior cerebral artery supplies all except	Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) supplies blood to occipital lobe (i.e. visual or striate cortex), temporal lobe, thalamus, lentiform nucleus, pineal & medial geniculate body, choroids plexus of inferior horn of lateral ventricle & 3rd ventrical and mid brain.	1	Pons	Midbrain	Thalamus	Striate cortex	Anatomy	null	7354dded-b6de-4ef6-8a87-4a786ceebace	multi

True about anatomy of Fallopian tubes:

C i.e. Ovary is attached to uterus by ovarian ligament

3

Length is 20 cm

Medial tolateral structures are isthmus, interstitial pa,ampulla & fimbrae

Medial tolateral structures are isthmus, interstitial pa, ampulla & fimbrae

All

Anatomy

null

e0e19c41-f1e1-4945-9aaf-88f502b90750

multi

A 35 year old male presented with nasal discharge, facial pain and fever which subsided with a course of antibiotics and antihistaminics, which recurred again after 2 months. O/E mucopurulent discharge from middle meatus, and inflamed sinus openings, investigation of choice -

NCCT PNS is non-contrast Computerized Tomography of the Paranasal sinuses. It is a study to determine the status of the nose and sinuses and the extent of sinusitis. Mucosal thickening and the ostial block of all the sinuses means that there are signs of sinusitis or infection and that there is a sinus problem. It is the investigation of choice.

2

X-ray PNS

NCCT PNS

MRI of the face

Inferior meatal puncture

ENT

Nose and paranasal sinuses

3b1662ff-c571-4178-8e72-68cc8d722481

single

Regarding alpha feto-protein true statement is :

Ans. is a i.e. Major source in fetal life is yolk sac As discussed earlier : "AFP is synthesized early in gestation by the fetal yolk sac and later by the fetal GITand liver." No where it is given that major source is yolk sac so this statement (option "a") is paially correct. AFP levies are not increased in wilms tumour (i.e. option "b" is incorrect). Maximum level of AFP in : -- Fetal serum is at - 13 weeks -- Amniotic fluid is at 13 weeks. Maternal serum is at 28-32 weeks.

1

Major source in fetal life is yolk sac

Commonly incrased in wilms tumour

Maximum level at 20th week

Half life 5-7 days

Gynaecology & Obstetrics

null

67c7dd1c-f097-4793-b327-9c41cf928982

multi

Randomized controlled trials are -

Ans. is 'a' i.e., Clincial trials

1

Clinical trials

Preventive trials

Before and after comparison studies

Evaluation of Health Services

Social & Preventive Medicine

null

2016510d-f263-40ec-b8c7-7e3fab1f794a

single

Prolong latent phase is/are seen in:a) Placenta praeviab) Unripe cervixc) Abruptio placentae d) Excessive sedatione) Early epidural analgesia

null

4

abc

ade

ace

bde

Gynaecology & Obstetrics

null

b433a6f2-cde5-4b94-bfab-4abf1645feec

single

Which IPC includes vitriolage -

Vitriolage * Vitriolage means throwing of acid on the face or body of a person with a malicious intention to cause bodily harm or disfigurement or to cause blindness. * The term is derived from the practice of throwing sulfuric acid (oil of vitriol). However, it is broadly used to denote injury caused by throwing any corrosive substance such as acid or alkali. REF;THE SYNOPSIS OF FORENSIC MEDICINE:KS NARAYANA REDDY;28th EDITION;PAGE NO298

3

318

319

320

321

Forensic Medicine

Poisoning

b65cbf57-dc5c-464e-bb89-bb95d1afce81

single

A female is on warfarin after her valve replacement surgery. All about warfarin are TRUE, EXCEPT:

Absolute contraindications of warfarin: Previous CNS bleeding Recent neurosurgery Active frank bleeding Early pregnancy and delivery Relative contraindications: Active peptic ulcer disease Chronic alcoholism Bleeding diathesis Severe hypeension Severity and type of liver disease may influence warfarin pharmacokinetics. Severe cholestatic liver disease reduces CYP2C content, while severe cirrhotic liver without cholestasis does not. Ref: Inpatient Anticoagulation By Margaret C. Fang, 2011, Page 34; Primary Care Medicine Recommendations By Allan H. Goroll, Albe G. Mulley, Jr., 2001, Page 224; Goodman and Gillman's 11th edition, Page 955-956.

3

Half-life is 36 hours

Crosses placenta

Contraindicated in hepatic failure

Inhibits all vitamin K dependent clotting factors

Pharmacology

null

cec4376a-6aaa-4ec1-884f-76c22b351b7f

multi

In central serous retinopathy, in the macular region, there occurs

Ans. . Spontaneous detachment of neuro-sensory retina

1

Spontaneous detachment of neuro-sensory retina

Macular oedema

Detachment of pigment epithelium

Detachment of choroid

Ophthalmology

null

0c2a639b-ecc4-4424-a02f-fc77f202d2bd

single

Fluoroquinolone with highest oral bioavilability:-

Bioavailability : rate and extend to which an administered drug reaches the systemic circulation . Of the above mentioned drugs:- Levofloxacin has maximum bioavailability Norfloxacin has minimum bioavailability

1

Levofloxacin

Gemifloxacin

Ciprofloxacin

Norfloxacin

Pharmacology

NEET 2019

9f1e8a50-2bfd-4d07-a3c8-d235b44c68f1

single

A lesion of the ventrolateral part of the spinal cord will lead to the loss (below the level of the lesion) of

Sensations carried by the posterior column - Proprioception, Vibration, kinesthesia, fine touch. Sensations carried by the anterolateral column - Temperature, pain (lateral) and crude touch (anterior) Crossing over of fibers occurs in case of the anterolateral system.

3

Pain sensation on the ipsilateral side

Proprioception on the contralateral side

Pain sensation on the contralateral side

Proprioception on the ipsilateral side

Physiology

null

92c2776c-56d3-407c-970d-974c15543b15

single

The best radiographic view for TMJ is

The panoramic image is a useful tool for providing a broad overview of the TMJ and surrounding structures. It serves the purpose of allowing the clinician to rule out gross disease, and for some patients, it is the only imaging required before conservative therapy is initiated. Gross osseous changes in the condyles may be identified, such as asymmetries, extensive erosions, large osteophytes, tumors, or fractures. The panoramic projection also provides a means of comparing left and right sides of the mandible and can reveal odontogenic diseases and other disorders that may be the source of TMJ symptoms.

4

Lateral oblique

PA view

Waters view

OPG

Radiology

null

3a01800c-9be6-43c9-a45a-12f0530803fe

single

An 8 year old child presented with signs of increased intracranial tension. Imaging studies showed a growth in the brain. Which is the commonest tumor in a child in the posterior fossa of head?

Medulloblastoma arises in the posterior pa of the cerebellar vermis and neuroepithelial roof of the fouh ventricle in children. It accounts for 20 percent of childhood brain tumors. Primitive neuroectodermal tumor is the most common type of medulloblastoma. Most occur in the first decade of life, but there is a second peak around age 30. Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. They are usually midline. Most occur in the cerebellum and present with symptoms of increased ICP. Ref: Ropper A.H., Samuels M.A. (2009). Chapter 31. Intracranial Neoplasms and Paraneoplastic Disorders. In A.H. Ropper, M.A. Samuels (Eds), Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology, 9e.

2

Astrocytoma

Medulloblastoma

Craniopharyngioma

Meningioma

Pediatrics

null

e788ab46-c97f-4008-8d55-c78a2f4726cd

single

Paucity of pus is seen in

null

2

Quinsy

Ludwig's angina

Carbuncle

Milroy disease

Surgery

null

540481f4-8e47-4954-95cb-59f03ca54f7d

single

Sequential steps for resective osseous surgery are

null

3

radicular blending, vertical grooving, flattening interproximat bone, gradualizing marginal bone

vertical grooving, flattening interproximal bone, gradualizing marginal bone, radicular blending

vertical grooving, radicular blending, flattening interproximal bone, gradualizing marginal bone

vertical grooving, radicular blending, gradualizing marginal bone, flattening interproximal bone

Dental

null

0f75d8e1-86ab-4c08-93a9-dba34b3852b2

multi

A patient presented with peripheral field loss and fundus examination shows waxy exudates & pale disc with pigmentation around retinal vessels, diagnosis is

D i.e. Retinitis-pigmentosa

4

Behcet's syndrome

Chorio- retinitis

Open angle glaucoma

Retinitis-pigmentosa

Ophthalmology

null

d636ae37-ce3d-4f67-aa76-59c2f2036dea

single

Most common extra-cranial complication of ASOM is -

null

3

Facial nerve paralysis

Lateral sinus thrombosis

Mastoiditis

Brain abscess

ENT

null

f8b78cc3-7d4a-4e8a-b361-a1ec89a9a41a

single

Lesch - Nyhan Syndrome - associated with

It is X-linked inherited disorder of purine metabolismDeficiency of HGPase, so the rate of salvage pathway is decreased resulting in the accumulation of PRPP and decreased level of inhibitory purine nucleotide Disease is characterized by self-mutilation, mental retardation excessive uric acid and nephrolithiasis Ref: DM Vasudevan, 7th edition, page no: 568

3

Purine necleoside phosphorylase deficiency

Adenosine deaminase deficiency

Hypoxanthine - guanine phosphoribosyl transferase defect

Xanthine oxidase deficiency

Biochemistry

Metabolism of nucleic acids

cebf746a-747c-465d-a206-7105fb3ce729

single

Mould therapy is used in the treatment of:

Ans: d (Skin cancer)Mould therapy is actually used in the treatment of penile carcinomas. But in the choices there was no penile cancer.As penile carcinoma can be considered as penile skin cancer and is squamous cell carcinoma, it better to go for the option skin cancer

4

Pelvic cancer

Lung cancer

Prostate cancer

Skin cancer

Radiology

Radiotherapy

c98ffa4a-bf88-4296-a38a-7fc9aeb4e328

single

In a firearm injury, there is burning, blackening, tattooing around the wound, along with a cherry red colour of the surrounding tissues and is cruciate in shape, the injury is -

This question is tricky. First see the information provided in the question:- Burning, blackening, tattooing around the wound. Cherry red colour of surrounding tissue. Both these are features of close shot entry. But the other important information in question is the cruciate shape of entry wound, a feature of contact shot entry. Now you must be thinking that why have I given option c as the answer and not option a. This is because burning, blackening, tattooing and cherry red colouration around the wound may occur in contact shot when muzzle end is not pressed firmly- "If the muzzle end is not pressed firmly or is loosened by recoil, flame; gas and soot may escape sideways and spoil the adjoining skin"........................... Parikh Thus, all the given features (in question) may be found in contact shot entry, and cruciate shape of entry wound is specific for contact shot (not found in the close shot entry).

3

Close shot entry

Close contact exit

Contact shot entry

Distant shot entry

Forensic Medicine

null

0f3bfb0f-3d0b-491a-93b9-111e8204ee30

single

Normal anion gap is (in mEq/L) ?

Ans. is `b' i.e., 10-12

2

5-Mar

12-Oct

18-20

25-30

Physiology

null

37335850-1c8c-4da7-994f-d29fa7f140b5

single

The most common injury in a 7 years old child due to fall on outstretched hand is

D i.e. Supracondylar fracture of humerus

4

Dislocation of shoulder

Colles' fracture

Fracture of clavicle

Supracondylar fracture of humerus

Surgery

null

46e28757-470a-4c2c-b1ed-4b9b5b881777

multi

Oxygen dependent killing is done through which of the following enzymes?

Oxygen dependent killing is done through NADPH oxidase, which oxidases NADPH and reduces oxygen to superoxide anion. Superoxide is then conveed to hydrogen peroxide by spontaneous dismutation. In presence of chloride, myeloperoxidase in neutrophils can conve hydrogen peroxide to hypochlorous acid, which is bactericidal. Catalase, Superoxide dismutase and Glutathione peroxidase are free radical scavenging enzymes that break down hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion. Ref: Pathologic Basis Of Disease, Robbins, 6th Edition, Page 62; 7th Edition, Page 60, 16.

1

NADPH oxidase

Super oxide dismutase

Catalase

Glutathione peroxidase

Pathology

null

abbb12eb-ec57-4ecd-85d8-9fa065e45369

single

Which of the following poison retards putrefaction:

B i.e. Carbolic Acid

2

Organophosphorus

Carbolic acid

Oxalic acid

Hydrogen-chloride

Forensic Medicine

null

87f64b48-c7a7-4cf9-b621-78b384f124e9

single

Which of the following is Virus-induced epithelial hyperplasia:

null

4

Molluscum contagiosum

Focal epithelial hyperplasia

Squamous papilloma

All of the above

Pathology

null

fcb0465d-4b66-43c3-a5d4-3c8abb861f99

multi

The given manifestation is the most common symptom of which of the following neuroendocrine tumor of pancreas?

The image shows Central necrosis & Peripheral Erythema "Necrolytic Erythema Migrans". It is the most common manifestation of Glucagonoma Glucagonoma / Hyperglycemic Cutaneous Syndrome. 4 D Syndrome Diabetes Mellitus - Dermatitis (M.C symptom) "Necrolytic Erythema Migrans" DVT Depression M.C site of tumor - Body & Tail of pancreas. Malignant Rx of choice: Distal Pancreatectomy.

2

Insulinoma

Glucagonoma

Gastrinoma

Somatostatinoma

Surgery

Pancreas

06df9638-8d07-4a4c-83b2-5742bfd05447

single

According to Eversole theory Salivary gland tumours arising from intercalated duct reserve cell are all except:

null

3

Pleomorphic adenoma.

Warthins tumor.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

Acinic cell carcinoma.

Pathology

null

5594f7ff-9156-400a-805f-9122428ee3e5

multi

A woman complains of coloured haloes around lights in the evening, with nausea and vomiting, IOP is normal; Diagnosis is

B i.e. Prodromal stage of closed angle glaucoma In Prodromal (Latent) stage of angle closure glaucoma there occurs an attack of transient rise in IOP (40-60 mmHg) lasting for few seconds only Q. Such attacks are intermittent and are usually precipitated by overwork, anxiety, fatigue or due to dilation of pupil (as reading in dim illumination, or watching cinema in a darkened cinema hall) Q. During this phase patient experiences transient blurring of vision, coloured halos around the light due to corneal oedema and mild headache Q. On examination eye is white and not congested. Anterior chamber is narrow and gonioscopy reveals narrow angle.

2

Incipient stage glaucoma open angle

Prodromal stage, closed angle glaucoma

Migraine

Cluster Headache

Ophthalmology

null

4f115a92-73cf-4e1a-addd-ddbe41cd6327

single

High - resolution CT of the lung is a specialized CT technique for greater detail of lung parenchyma and it utilizes:

C i.e. Bone - algorithm for image reconstruction

3

Special lung filters

Thick collimation

Bone algorithm for image reconstruction

Large filed of view

Radiology

null

ca63552e-d612-4053-a880-39032f405234

single

Preferred shunt procedure in patient with poal hypeension having acceptable operative risk and adequate liver function is

Answer- D. Distal splenorenal shuntPoosystemic shunt procedures such as splenorenal shunt and mesocaval shunt, may be indicated in patients with complication of poal hypeension.Given the early occlusion rate and the need for constant surveillance, it is generally advised that TIPS should be reserved for Child C classification of cirrhosis, whereas a distal splenorenal shunt is safe, durable, preferred and effective treatment in patients with acceptable operative risk and still good liver function.

4

End to side poocaval shunt

End to end poocaval shunt

Mesocaval shunt

Distal splenorenal shunt

Surgery

null

a13757e9-2180-4203-83e1-0e64f2c1bdb4

single

Thymic hyperplasia is seen in ?

Ans. is 'c' i.e., Mysthenia gravisThymic hvperplasiaThe term thymic hyperplasia usually applies to the appearance of B-cell germinal centers within the thymus, a finding that is referred to as thymic follicular hyperplasia.Such B-cell follicles are present in only small numbers in the normal thymus.It can occur in a number of chronic inflammatory and immunologic states, but it is most frequently encountered in myasthenia gravis (65% to 75% of cases).Similar thymic changes are sometimes encountered in Graves disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, rheumatoid ahritis, and other autoimmune disorders.

3

Thymoma

Thymic lymphoma

Myasthenia gravis

Scleroderma

Pathology

null

59028f08-8058-4adf-8546-bc1b259f7a6b

single

Last ocular muscle to be involved in Graves' disease-

*Order of involvement (Mnemonic : IM SLO) :- Inferior rectus > medial rectus > superior rectus > Lateral rectus > obliques. Ref: Head & Neck Surgery 2nd/e p.1513

4

Inferior rectus

Lateral rectus

Superior rectus

Inferior oblique

Ophthalmology

Diseases of orbit, Lids and lacrimal apparatus

3e5f40d9-6f5b-4602-a149-493cec30376b

single

Not included in Charcot's triad?

Gallbladder lump is not a component of Charcot's triad of ascending cholangitis secondary to CBD stones.The triad includes intermittent features like colicky pain,fever & jaundice. Reference:SRB's manual of surgery,5th edition,page no:651.

4

Fever

Pain

Jaundice

Gallbladder lump

Surgery

G.I.T

391e16b3-f70e-40fa-ada9-d99df609cda0

multi

Hydatidiform mole is principally a disease of:

Ans. is b, i.e. ChorionRef. Dutta 7/e, p 190Now don't tell me you want me to explain this--H mole is a benign neoplasm of chorion with malignant potential

2

Amnion

Chorion

Uterus

Decidua

Gynaecology & Obstetrics

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

fae43903-edd5-4c4c-b305-abaa8c16af8f

multi

Severity of pancreatitis can be best assessed by:

Ans. (c) RANSON SCORERef: Bailey & Love 26th ed. /1128RANSON CRITERIAAt Admission* Age in years > 55 years* White blood cell count > 16000 cells/mm3* Blood glucose >10 mmol/L (> 200 mg/dL)* Serum AST > 250 IU/L* Serum LDH > 350 IU/LWithin 48 hours* Serum calcium < 2.0 mmol/L (< 8.0 mg/dL)* Hematocrit fall > 10%* Oxygen (hypoxemia P02 < 60 mmHg)* BUN increased by 1.8 or more mmol/L (5 or more mg/ dL) after IV fluid hydration* Base deficit (negative base excess) > 4 mEq/L* Sequestration of fluids > 6 LAlternatively, Pancreatitis severity can be assessed by any of the following:* APACHE II score > 8* CT Scan - Substantial pancreatic necrosis (at least 30% glandular necrosis according to contrast-enhanced CT)

3

Serial Serum amylase

Stool trypsin levels

RANSON Score

ARDS development

Surgery

Pathophysiology - Acute Pancreatitis

7b1592e5-fa2d-4e2a-ab0d-329a350f9da3

single

Frotteurism is: NEET 13

Ans. Sexual gratification by rubbing private pas

2

Sexual pleasure is obtained by witnessing the act of urination

Sexual gratification by rubbing private pas

Sexual practise involving three people

Sexual pleasure in watching females getting undressed

Forensic Medicine

null

012d749c-3aaa-4d9a-b008-17f8bd6ea699

single

What are the findings in USG, which suggests incompetent os:a) Cervical lengthb) External osc) Internal osd) Funneling of amniotic sace) AP length of cervix

null

4

abc

ad

bc

acd

Gynaecology & Obstetrics

null

dc529d4d-3c68-4b6f-a0c9-344101eda994

single

The following pedigree represents:

The pedigree shows the Autosomal Dominant inheritance pattern. The various autosomal dominant disease can be named as, Mnemonic: Vo Familial Hypercholesterolemia Autosomal DOMINANT Hai.

1

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Wilson’s disease

Alkaptonuria

Cystic fibrosis

Pathology

null

79a8e38f-da8f-4902-b07b-f5bff909c92d

single

After use of some drug, a person develops episodes of rage in which he runs about and indiscriminately injures a person who is encountered in way. He is probably addict of-

Episodes of rage in which the person runs about and injures others is suggestive of running amok, which is seen in Cannabis abuse.

2

Alcohol

Cannabis

Opium

Cocaine

Psychiatry

null

e4e21cd3-8731-4bf1-beed-658a48055ab2

single

Mitral cells and periglomerular cells are seen in

In the olfactory bulbs, the axons of the olfactory sensory neurons contact the primary dendrites of the mitral cells and tufted cells to form anatomically discrete synaptic units called olfactory glomeruli. The olfactory bulbs also contain periglomerular cells, which are inhibitory neurons connecting one glomerulus to another, and granule cells, which have no axons and make reciprocal synapses with the lateral dendrites of the mitral and tufted cells.

2

Medulla

Olfactory bulb

Primary visual coex

Geniculate body

Physiology

Nervous system

3797d81d-df01-4109-acd1-34647f927ea0

single

Most commonly used approach for retrosternal goitre:-

Retrosternal goitre: - >50% thyroid tissue located below neck - A.K.A i. Sub-sternal Goitre ii. Mediastinal Goitre Retrosternal Goitre Primary Mediastinal Goitre - BLOOD SUPPLY From Neck region From mediastinum region - APPROACH Transcervical Thoracic Primary Mediastinal Goitre: Diameter of Goitre > Thoracic inlet

3

Transthoracic second intercostal space

Trans-sternal through anterior mediastinum

Transcervical

Axillary approach

Surgery

NEET 2019

8e64f676-692e-43e1-ae92-6f956843e9ec

single

Not a symptom of angle closure glaucoma –

Transient blurring of vision and headache is seen in stage of constant instability. Coloured halos are seen in acute congestive stage.

3

Blurring of vision

Coloured Halos

Metamorphosia

Headache

Ophthalmology

null

0cc9ecaa-d120-4c0b-83bf-696a2cf6bb17

single

In 3 year child with polio paralysis, the tendon transfer operation is done at -

Tendon transfers : are done to equalize an unbalanced paralysis or to use the motor power of working muscles for more useful functions. It is not done before 5 yrs of age as the child has to be manageable enough to be taught proper exercises. As the child is 3 years old, tendon transfer should be done after 2 years (at 5 years of age).

2

2 months after the disease

2 years after the disease

6-12 months after the disease

After skeleton maturation

Orthopaedics

null

b1422d0d-4eab-4073-bc38-eb3cd7af97f1

single

Which is not a perceptional disorder

Imagery: awareness of a percept that has been generated within the mind, can be terminated by an effo of will. It is a pa of a normal phenomenon Hallucination: False sensory perception occurring in the absence of any relevant stimulation of the sensory modality involved. Types: auditory, Visual, tactile, gustatory, smell Illusion: Perceptual misinterpretation of a real external stimulus. Synesthesia: Condition in which the stimulation of one sensory modality is perceived as a sensation in a different modality, as when a sound produces a sensation of colour. Reference: P. 924 ,925, 928 chap 7.3 Signs and Symptoms in Psychiatry(Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th Edition)

4

Hallucination

Illusion

Synaesthesia

Imagery

Psychiatry

All India exam

189ab8ce-de10-4356-b843-1073d6755fa6

multi

BAL is used as an antidote poisoning by -

null

4

Morphine

Aconite

Phenol

Mercury

Forensic Medicine

null

384fdb91-5bcc-4382-adf2-5b36c0a6925a

single

High Oxygen tension in alveoli is due to:

B i.e. Ventilation - Perfusion mismatch

2

Right to left shunt

Bronchial Asthma

Inappropriate gas exchange

Physiology

null

ff999246-c1d3-44da-ac71-fd959426f0be

single

Only ketogenic aminoacid is -

Ans. is 'a' i.e., LeucineA) Glucogenic amino acids These can be converted into glucose. 14 amino acids are glucogenic: alanine, arginine, aspargine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, methionine, proline, serine, threonine, valine.B) Ketogenic amino acids These can be converted into ketone bodies. These are leucine and lysine.C) Both glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids These can be converted into both glucose and ketone bodies. These are isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan.Note : According to Harper 29th/e (P-282), lysine is both ketogenic and glucogenic. But all other textbooks have mentioned it as ketogenic.

1

Leucine

Isoleucine

Tyrosine

Tryptophan

Biochemistry

Proteins and Amino Acids

9ef37338-e2a2-42d1-ad76-e611d9f70e95

single

Excessive crying is seen after which vaccination :

An uncommon reaction to DPT (due to pertussis) component is Prolonged screaming.

2

Polio

DPT

BCG

Measles

Pediatrics

null

4b02b230-1b39-4300-b71a-92760463956b

single

Perception of a non-noxious stimulus as pain is termed as

(A) Allodynia # Allodynia is a non-painful stimulus, once perceived, is experienced as painful, and even excruciating.> Hyperalgesia denotes severe pain in response to a mildly noxious stimulus.> Hyperesthesia means pain in response to touch.> Hyperesthesia/hypoasthesia is increase/decrease respectively incutaneous sensations to a specific type of testing, such as pressure, light touch, and warm or cold stimuli.> Paresthesia refer to tingling or pins and needles sensation or abnormal sensation perceived without an apparent stimuli.# Dysesthesia: All types of abnormal sensations even painful or whether a stimulus is evident or not.# Hypoesthesia: Reduced pain perception.> Hyperpathia: Broad term, encompasses all the phenomenon' described by hyperthermia, allodynia, and hyperalgesia.

1

Allodynia

Dysodynia

Hyperalgesia

Hyperesthesia

Physiology

Nervous System

a1b26d2a-6b7e-40af-bd94-b407ad9fbfdf

multi

Colour of O2 cylinder

D i.e. Black & White

4

Gray

Orange

Blue

Black & White

Anaesthesia

null

dd0513da-29b8-4054-8749-637bcf06e81a

single

In iceberg phenomenon, the submerged part represents

Ans. (a) Undiagnosed cases in communityRef : K. Park 23rd ed. /39, 135; K. Park 21s,ed. /37

1

Undiagnosed cases in community

Diagnosed cases in community

Clinial cases that physician sees

Clinical cases that investigator sees

Social & Preventive Medicine

Concept of disease causation

b0d53eb8-b0e9-4dbc-ae02-aacf4cb73063

single

Urea cycle enzymes are

Arginosuccinate synthetase is an enzyme involved. Other options are not present.Ref: DM Vasudevan - Textbook of Biochemistry, 7th edition, page no: 205 .fig 15.13.

3

Glutaminase

Asparginase

Arginosuccinate synthetase

Ornithine transcaroxylase

Biochemistry

Metabolism of protein and amino acid

5990a67d-5490-49ae-895e-2dbbc789fd1c

single

Renal tuberculosis originates in the -

null

1

Renal papilla

Renal medulla

Afferent tubules

Efferent arteriole of glomerulus

Surgery

null

c9e1b965-e2a8-4ad9-9844-49bd168e916e

single

Kiesselbach's area does not involve:

Ans: D Posterior ethmoidal artery* Kiesselbach's area aka Kiesselbach;s plexus and Little's area, is an area on the nasal septum located on the antero inferior part of the septum* in this area four arteries anastomose to form a vascular plexus called Kiesselbach's plexus.* The arteries are# Sphenopalatine artery (from the maxillary artery): Main artery of plexus# Greater palatine artery (from the maxillary artery)# Anterior ethmoidal artery (from the ophthalmic artery)# Septal branch of the superior labial artery (from the facial artery)

4

Superior labial artery

Anterior ethmoidal artery

Greater palatine artery

Posterior ethmoidal artery

ENT

Nose and PNS

7b1869c9-1b64-4518-85f8-65a472124be3

single

A 12 year old girl was brought with fever, malaise, and migrating polyahritis. She had a history of recurrent throat infections in the past. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate is noted. Which among the following is NOT a major Jones criteria for diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever?

Revised Jones Criteria for Diagnosis of Rheumatic Fever: Major criteria: Pericarditis, myocarditis, or endocarditis Chorea Subcutaneous nodules Erythema marginatum Polyahritis Minor criteria: Fever Ahralgias Laboratory findings: elevated sedimentation rate, evidence of preceding streptococcal infection (increased titer of antistreptolysn O), increased C-reactive protein History of rheumatic fever or rheumatic hea disease; increased PR interval on ECG The presence of two major or one major and two minor criteria with suppoing evidence of recent infection with group A streptococcus indicates a high probability of rheumatic fever. Ref: Woods R.P., Seamon J. (2011). Chapter 21. Ahritis & Back Pain. In R.L. Humphries, C. Stone (Eds), CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment Emergency Medicine, 7e.

4

Pancarditis

Chorea

Ahritis

Raised ESR

Medicine

null

60673772-8417-4c56-a3f8-bde53ebc680c

single

Characteristic 'tram-line' calcifications in the skull radiographs are observed in:

People who have Sturge-Weber syndrome usually have both facial and intraoral macular hemangioma, although the intraoral hemangiomas may also be of the exophytic variety. An additional characteristic is the "tramline" calcifications seen in lateral skull radiographs. Wood and Goaz - Differential Diagnosis of oral & maxillofacial lesions ; 5th ed. Page no 65

2

Cleidocranial dysostoses

Sturge-Weber Syndrome

Paget's Disease

McCune-Albright syndrome

Radiology

null

aff1ab58-1b0c-4299-9a56-b5556bc8d504

single

Which of the following anti - hypertensives was once used as an antipsychotic?

Reserpine is an antihypertensive drug which was used as an antipsychotic. Antipsychotic effect of reserpine is due to depletion of 5 - HT or catecholamine or both. Clonidine is also an antihypertensive. Its uses in psychiatry are - ADHD, opioid withdrawal, Tourette's syndrome and suppression of agitation in PTSD.

4

Atenolol

Propranolol

Clonidine

Reserpine

Psychiatry

null

0d1453ce-b1f2-4c5f-9b80-8531d5aa00b6

single

Diaphragm develops from all of the following structures, except?

The diaphragm is, therefore, formed from the following components Pleuroperitoneal membranes forms posterior pa of central tendon. Dorsal mesentry of esophagus forms crus of diaphragm. Body wall forms peripheral pa of diaphragm. cervical myotomes forms muscles of diaphragm.

4

Septum transversum

Pleuroperitoneal membrane

Cervical myotomes

Dorsal mesocardium

Anatomy

General anatomy

57ccf9da-a300-4977-9a59-34aa531e9cbd

multi

Which of the following statements best describes long acting nitrate preparations?

Nitrates are generalized smooth-muscle dilators whose direct effect on the vasculature cannot be blocked by any currently available agents. Long acting preparations of nitroglycerin may be completely degraded by the liver in some patients and thus are generally less effective than sublingual forms. Because individual variability in metabolism is considerable, doses should be titrated against side effects and should not conform to a rigidly standardized regimen. Tolerance is common and must be considered if a patient fails to respond to a previously efficacious dose. Long-acting preparations such as trans dermal patches are less likely to produce the nitrate-associated side effects of headaches and dizziness than are the more rapidly acting sublingual forms.

1

Tolerance often develops

Their effect can be blocked by high doses of beta selective inhibitors

Trasdermal patches are more likely to be associated with headaches than are sublingual nitrates

Oral preparations are more effective than sublingual ones

Unknown

null

79d6adc8-2746-4ab1-89ca-127c5732f31c

multi

Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C include all of the following Except:

Answer is B (Celiac disease) Extrahepatic manifestations in viral hepatitis C: Wepatology' by Kuntz Agranulocytosis Aplastic anaemia Corneal ulceration Ciyoglobillinaemia Diabetes mellitus (type I) Erythema exsudativum multiforme Glomerulonephritis Guillain-Barre syndrome Hyperlipasaemia Lichen planus Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Polyaeritis nodosa Polyahritis Polyneuritis Porphyria cutanea tarda Sialadenitis Sjogren's syndrome /Sicca syndrome Thrombocytopenia Thyroiditis

2

Lichen Planus

Celiac Disease

Glomerulonephritis

Cryoglobulinemia

Medicine

null

16ccb0e1-739b-4f4c-a4d7-990c529daec8

multi

Which of the following happens when a nerve impulse arrives at the neuromuscular junction?

Molecules of ACh diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to ACh receptors on the motor end plate. Ref: Human Anatomy And Phsyiology, edited by Sanghani, Page 204

2

Release of calcium from Sarcoplasmic reticulum

ACh binds to receptors in Sarcolemmal membrane

Release of K+ into the Sarcoplasm

Sodium ions rush outside the Sarcoplasm

Physiology

null

1b8badf5-1577-4784-a40c-e0e767315a5b

single

Formation of primary ovary in female foetus takes place by

C i.e. 10 weeks

3

6th week

8th week

10th week

12th week

Anatomy

null

793539d2-5e54-40ad-9804-5b494078afd6

single

A chromosomal anomaly associated with Alzheimer's dementia is:

Answer is C (Trisomy 21) : Several genetic factors are known to play impoant roles in pathogenesis of at least some cases of Alzheimers disease. Trisomy 21 is one of them. Adults with trisomy 21 (Down's) consistently develop the Neuropathologic hallmark's of Alzheimer's disease if they survive beyond age 40.

3

Trisomy 18

Patau syndrome

Trisomy 21

Turners syndrome

Medicine

null

8aaca59e-9025-43b0-91f4-f9697fefb0fb

single

Chlamydia are isolated by

Isolation of chlamydiae can be done by :Inoculation into yolk sac/embryonated eggs of 6-8 day old chick embryo which may be pretreated by streptomycin or polymyxin B.Inoculation into experimental animals (mice)Tissue/cell culture:Preferred modeCommonly used cell lines are McCoy and HeLa cells.Cell cultures are pretreated by irradiation or chemicals such as 5-iodo-2 deoxyuridines or cycloheximide to enhance replication and detection of inclusion bodies.Pretreatment with DEAE dextran or centrifugation after inoculation promotes contact between chlamydiae paicles and cell monolayer.

2

Enzyme immune assay

Yolk sac inoculation

Direct immunofluorescence

Microimmunofluorescence

Microbiology

All India exam

13470d18-2294-4c47-a34d-b9c3bd0ebf4e

single

In a village of 1 lakh population, among 20, 000 exposed to smoking, 200 developed cancer, and among 40,000 people unexposed, 40 developed cancer. The relative risk of smoking in the development of cancer is -

Ans. is 'b' i.e., 10

2

20

10

5

15

Social & Preventive Medicine

null

e4097452-0f40-48fb-9c1c-adfe0934f712

single

Type of schizophrenia with mental retardation: NEET 13

Ans. Pfropf schizophrenia

4

Von-Gogh syndrome

Paranoid schizophrenia

Catatonic schizophrenia

Pfropf schizophrenia

Forensic Medicine

null

b8f79471-6ff5-4489-96aa-c45bc841c8b5

single

Not a risk for cholangio carcinoma -

</p> Davidson&;s principles and practice of medicine 22nd edition. *The tumour is associated with gallsgallstones,primary and secondary cholangitis,caroli&;s disease and choledochalcyst,chronic liver fluke infection (clonorchis sinensis) is the major risk factor for development for CCA.</p>

1

Hepatolithiasis

Hepatitis C

Clonorchi sinensis

Choledocholithiasis

Medicine

G.I.T

13899fe0-3a2a-44b8-b40f-677968b278ef

single

The most common enzyme deficiency in man is ?

A i.e. Glucose-6- PO4 dehydrogenaseGlucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is most common and pyruvate kinase deficiency is 2.d most common cause of enzyme deficiency related hemolytic anemiaQ.

1

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Glucose-6-phosphatase

Hexokinase

Glucose-1.6-diphosphatse

Biochemistry

null

065225bf-efe4-4a70-a6f3-b23ed6e5836a

single

In pregnancy, calculation of EDD (expected date of delivery) considers: March 2013

Ans. A i.e. First day of last menstruation

1

First day of last menstruation

Last day of last menstruation period

Mid time of last menstrual period

Day of coitus

Gynaecology & Obstetrics

null

b768acca-0318-48c7-bd5b-a11706b7b03f

single

A 24years old girl with history of head trauma presented with multiple lacerations on the face and eyelids and base of skull fracture. It was noticed she wasn't able to pass tears. The probable cause is injury to-

*The lacrimal drainage apparatus consists of the puncta on the upper lid and the lower lid, the canaliculus, the common canaliculus, the lacrimal sac, and the nasolacrimal duct. *Canalicular lacerations are the most frequent cause of injury to the lacrimal system. The inferior canaliculus is involved in more than 50-75% of cases. The horizontal lower limb is the most frequently involved site. Ref: Hawes M, Dozbach R. Trauma of the lacrimal drainage system. Linberg J, Ed. Lacrimal Surgery. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1988. 241-262

3

Lacrimal Gland

Superior Canaliculus

Inferior Canaliculus

Upper eyelid

Ophthalmology

Diseases of orbit, Lids and lacrimal apparatus

2d99b147-8580-49d5-a510-f73a215f908a

single

Bitter taste is mediated by action of:

Ans. B. G proteina. Taste pathways: -b. Receptor stimulation: -i. For sour Via mammaliondegenerin-I and by activating H+ -gated cation channelsii. For salt Via Epithelium sodium channels (ENaC) by direct application amiloride (diuretic) on tongue, inhibits the ENaC and abolishes the ability to taste salt.iii. For Sweet activating adenyl cyclase, via a heterotrimeric G-protein and the resulting increase in intracellular cAMP reduces K+ conductanceiv. For bitter: - By reducing cAMP via a heterotrimeric G-protein; and Increase IP3 and DAG. A novel G-protein named alpha - has been shown to occur in bitter taste cells that activates phosphodiesterase causing a decrease in intracellular cAMP

2

Guanyl cyclase

G protein

Tyrosine kinase

Epithelial Na chain

Physiology

Special Senses: Smell and Taste

981789c5-9ab4-4795-88c5-375638c3d63f

single

Antenatal maternal HIV diagnosis is of importance in -

HIV infection can be transmitted from an infected mother to her fetus during pregnancy, during delivery, or by breastfeeding. The relative proportions of mother-to-child transmissions were 23–30% before birth, 50–65% during birth, and 12–20% via breastfeeding. Treatment of an HIV-infected mother with nevirapine during pregnancy and the infant during the first weeks following birth has proved very effective in dramatically decreasing mother-to-child transmission of HIV

1

To prevent vertical transmission

To terminate

To discharge

To isolate the patient

Microbiology

null

ecd6978b-2f4d-4d44-98bd-5a48b8f3f592

single

In hyperkalamia-

Hyperkalemia is defined as a plasma potassium level of 5.5 mM, Early ECG changes of hyperkalemia, typically seen at a serum potassium level of 5.5-6.5 mEq/L, include the following: Tall, peaked T waves with a narrow base, best seen in precordial leads Shoened QT interval ST-segment depression At a serum potassium level of 6.5-8.0 mEq/L, the ECG typically shows the following: Peaked T waves Prolonged PR interval Decreased or disappearing P wave Widening of the QRS Amplified R wave At a serum potassium level higher than 8.0 mEq/L, the ECG shows the following: (reference : harrisons principles of internal medicine,19E, page 308,310) Absence of P wave Progressive QRS widening Intraventricular/fascicular/bundle branch blocks Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 364

1

Serum level >5.5 meq/L

Serum level > 6.5 meql

T. wave inversion

Peaking of p wave

Medicine

Fluid and electrolytes

e6f71feb-1208-4602-905e-d0312ab9bf15

single

Which is the most common material used for grafting below inguinal aeries?

For blockage fuher down the leg either a femoral popliteal or femoral distal procedure may be performed. Long saphenous vein is the graft of choice which may be used with its valves destroyed by a special valve cutting instrument or reversed so that the valves do not interfere with the bold flow. Ref: Schwaz's Principles of Surgery, 9th Edition, Chapter 23; Surgical Talk: Revision in Surgery By Andrew Goldberg, Page 238; Mastery of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery By Gerald B. Zelenock, Page 417

1

Saphenous vein graft (upside - down)

PTFE

Dacron

Teflon

Surgery

null

9cfe76ab-21f1-43cf-a2d0-aa941246b56b

single

All are Flaviviruses except,

Chikungunya belongs to the genus alphavirus of the family Togaviridae. Two genera of medical impoance in Flaviruses- Flavivirus: ahropod borne viruses; Yellow fever, JEV, Dengue... Hepacivirus: Hepatitis C virus, non-ahropod borne Two genera of medical impoance in Togaviruses- Genus- Alphavirus: Chikungunya, Onyong-nyong, WEE, VEE, EEE. Genus- Rubivirus: Rubella.

2

HCV

Chikungunya

Yellow fever

Japanese B encephalitis virus

Microbiology

Virology (RNA Virus Pa-1,2 & Miscellaneous Viruses)

3b12c7e1-d7e8-4178-876c-353b0a06a511

multi

Which of the following conditions typically has rickets with normal or low calcium, elevated phosphorus, elevated parathormone, and elevated alkaline phosphatase?

All of the above conditions are causes of Rickets, so elevated alkaline phosphatase is seen in all the above. Chronic kidney disease is the only condition out of the above, where Phosphate is elevated.

4

Vitamin D deficiency

Fanconi syndrome

Dent's disease

Chronic kidney disease

Pediatrics

Rickets

35bb0900-ddb4-4233-8be4-c69d66c40bee

multi

Brodie's abscess is a terminology for:

Brodie's Abscess: Seen in immunocompetent Host Long standing localized pyogenic abscess in the bone (long standing because of strong defence mechanism of body). Involves long bones (metaphysis or diaphysis), e.g. Upper end tibia. Classical Brodie's abscess looks like a small walled off (Sclerotic margins) cavity in bone with little or no periosteal reaction. Usual isolated organism is Staphylococcus aureus (although most cultures are negative). Treatment:Immobilization and antibiotics for 6 weeks if the diagnosis is clear. When the diagnosis is unsure then an open biopsy is needed and the lesion may be curetted at the same time.

2

Subungual infection

Subacute osteomyelitis

Web space infection

Infected hematoma

Orthopaedics

Ohopaedics Q Bank

2aaabf21-9dc1-480f-ac3e-2f97427136f4

single

The mandibular foramen transmits which of the following nerve ?

The mandibular foramen lies a little above the centre of the ramus at the level of the occlusal surfaces of the teeth. It leads into the mandibular canal which descends into the body of the mandible and opens at the mental foramen. The inferior alveolar nerve and vessels enter the, mandibular canal through the mandibular foramen, and run forwards within the canal. Ref : B D Chaurasia's Human Anatomy , seventh edition , volume 3 , pg . no., 32, 33.

2

superior alveolar nerve

inferior alveolar nerve

middle alveolar nerve

lingual nerve

Anatomy

Head and neck

73d386b9-1813-4170-a502-69d6d8172807

single

Cell mediated immunity is by viue of?

All above REF: Jawetz's 24th ed chapter 8 Cell mediated immunity is effected by T cells Helper T cells, suppressor T cells, cytotoxic T cells are types of T Cells

4

Helper t cells

Suppressor t cells

Cytotoxic t cells

All aboce

Microbiology

null

56151932-ebb0-4d76-a87a-442f239ad08e

multi

Most common cause of glomerulonephritis is?

Most common cause of glomerulonephritis is Berger disease. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is most common cause of nephrotic syndrome.

1

Berger disease

Acute Glomerulonephritis

Chronic glomerulonephritis

Focal segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Medicine

Nephrotic and Nephritic syndrome

f32ff24b-8998-4dcc-8f12-ad3a070b15a1

single

The following test is not used for diagnosis of leprosy –

Lepromin Test is not used to diagnose leprosy, nor does it indicate prior contact with lepra bacilli. Healthy persons in nonendemic areas with no chance of contact with the bacillus may give a positive lepromin test.

1

Lepromin test

Slit skin smear

Fine needle aspiration cytology

Skin biopsy

Dental

null

b97aa2a1-a490-4779-9d81-2621533debc8

single

Blood samples for "DNA finger printing" are transpoed in:

EDTA

2

Saline

EDTA

NaF

Thymol

Forensic Medicine

null

f70a13a8-8a10-4658-8131-2757c91ee576

single

The length of distal convoluted tubule is

Although the DCT is the shoest segment of the nephron, spanning only about 5 mm in length in humans (1), it plays a critical role in a variety of homeostatic processes, including sodium chloride reabsorption, potassium secretion, and calcium and magnesium handling Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number:460,461,462

1

5 mm

2 mm

12 mm

8 mm

Physiology

Renal physiology

0523bb40-b401-4800-b2c7-5148495c05e1

single

Which of the following is the extended criteria donor for transplant of kidney?

Ans. (d) All the aboveRef: Bailey and Love 27th edition, Page 1544In kidney transplant extended donor criteria is defined in USA as* Donor age > 60 years (or)* Donor age 50-60 years with any two of the following problems# Hypertension# Death from stroke# Terminal creatinine >132mmol/l.These marginal donors have less satisfactory outcomes than standard donors.

4

Extreme age of donor

Donors with hypertension

Donors with CVA

All of the above

Surgery

Transplantation

898c183f-7dcb-496b-908c-31f98c79d8bb

multi

Commonest cause of epistaxis in children is -

null

1

Trauma

Foreign body

Nasal diphtheria

Enlarged adenosis

ENT

null

2d568d89-d617-49cf-8c04-4af012d661c2

single

True about meningioms -

Ans. is 'c' i.e., 95% cure rate following treatment Meningiomas o Meningiomas are tumors that arise from the dura mater and are composed of neoplastic (arachnoid cap ) cells. o They are now the most common primary brain tumor, accounting for approximately 32% of the total. (this information has been added in 18th/e of Harrison). o They tend to be more common in women and in patients with Neurofibromatosis type-2. o Meningiomas are classified by the WHO into three histological grades of increasing aggressiveness: grade I or benign; grade II or atypical and grade III or malignant/anaplastic.( This information has been added in 18th/e of Harrison). o Total surgical resection of benign meningiomas is curative. Tumors that cannot be resected ; may benefit from treatment with external beam radiotherapy or stereotactic surgery.

3

More common in men

50% are malignant

95% cure rate following treatment

Arise from arachnoid layer

Pathology

null

4ddc5210-74d7-4063-921f-a961dc8862b7

multi

Follow-up ofcataract operations in national blindness control program is done by -

Ans. is 'c' i.e., Sentinel surveillance o 25 sentinel surveillance units have been established in depaments of ophthalmology and PSM in medical collages in India for assessment of - Beneficiary profiles. Visual outcomes based on cataract surgery records. Follow-up of operated cases. Ocular morbity data.

3

Active surveillance

Passive surveillance

Sentinel surveillance

Routine check-up

Social & Preventive Medicine

null

d198af9a-00b4-4e7b-a7b4-b027efa45828

single

Genital was in pregnancy treatment is

Cryotherapy T/T of anogenital was Topical medication Trichloracetic acid or Podophyllin resin applied weekly. hniquinod or podofilox should also be used. Crvotherapy and laser therapy Cryotherapy (freezing) using nitrous oxide or carbon dioxide is used in was who do not respond to topical treatment. Carbon dioxide laser is used for larger and more numerous was. TIT of anogenital was during pregnancy :- "Cryotherapy and laser therapy are the preferred t/t methods" The only topical therapy which can be used during pregnancy is Trichloracetic acid. Podophyllin resin is not used during pregnancy.

3

Podophylin

Salicylic acid & lactic acid

Cryotherapy

Imiquinod

Gynaecology & Obstetrics

null

4c01d370-3e3b-499f-8fb1-d3b914d21d5c

single

Which of the following will take place during skeletal muscle contraction?

During contraction, the I band decreases in size as thin filaments penetrate the A band. The H band--the pa of the A band with only thick filaments--diminishes in width as the thin filaments completely overlap the thick filaments. A net result is that each sarcomere, and consequently the whole cell (fiber), is greatly shoened. Also know: The light I band is divided by the dark Z line, and the dark A band has the lighter H band in its center. A transverse M line is seen in the middle of the H band, and this line plus the narrow light areas on either side of it are sometimes called the pseudo-H zone. The area between two adjacent Z lines is called a sarcomere. The thick filaments, which are about twice the diameter of the thin filaments, are made up of myosin; the thin filaments are made up of actin, tropomyosin, and troponin. The lighter H bands in the center of the A bands are the regions where, when the muscle is relaxed, the thin filaments do not overlap the thick filaments. Ref: Mescher A.L. (2010). Chapter 10. Muscle Tissue. In A.L. Mescher (Ed), Junqueira's Basic Histology: Text & Atlas, 12e.

2

A band shoen

Both H and I band shoen

Both A and I band shoen

Both A and H band shoen

Physiology

null

924f7761-0b64-4a84-99e4-61bb33029e2c

multi

Nikolsky's sign is seen in ?

Ans. is `d' i.e., All of the above Niko!sky's sign is seen in ? Pemphigus Toxic epidermal necrolysis Bullous impetigo Steven jonson syndrome Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome HSV & VZV infection Epidermolysis bullosa Malignancy (leukemia) Mycosis fungoides Bullous lichen planus

4

Pemphigus

Herpes zoster

Bullous impetigo

All of the above

Skin

null

ec586293-0ebe-4df3-8133-ed623ab3c183

multi

A patients hears better in noisy surrounding known as

A. i.e. (Paracusis) (87- Dhingra 4th) (120 - Maqbool 11th)* Paracusis willisii - an otosclerotic (otospongiosis patients hears better in noisy than quite surroundings* In cochlear lesions patients do not hear at conversational intensity but get irritated by loud sound - RECRUITMENT* Sociacusis - is the hearing impairment because of recreative places like pop music, snow mobiles and carraces etcHyperacusis (Phonophobia) - sounds appears as uncomfortably loud to the patients cause -(i) Stapedius muscle paralysis as after suprastaedial facial nerve paralysis(ii) Congenital syphilis (Hennebert's sign**)PRESBYACUSIS (Senile deafness) - Sensorineural hearing loss associated with physiological aging process in the ear is called presbycusis.* Young man whose voice has not broken is called Puberphonia* White noise - consist of a random mixture of all frequencies

1

Paracusis

Diplacusis

Hyperacusis

Presbycusis

ENT

Ear

73b71bb9-e560-4451-befb-725871430f9d

single

Post exposure prophylaxis is applicable in all except:

Ans. B. Japanese encephalitisHIV - Tenofovir + Lamivudine + Efavirenz; Varicella zoster - Acyclovir or Oka vaccine; Swine influenza - Oseltamivir or quadrivalent vaccine.

2

HIV

Japanese encephalitis

Varicella zoster

Swine influenza

Microbiology

Virology

4db1c758-a02c-41b5-a229-f159657adb0a

multi

Oxidation in pentose phosphate pathway utilises:

The enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway act in the sequence of reactions of the pathway may be divided into two phases: an oxidative nonreversible phase and a nonoxidative reversible phase. Ref: Harper 28th edition, Chapter 21.

1

Oxidative phase

Non oxidative phase

Both of the above

None of the above

Biochemistry

null

8d703f5b-e912-4fd1-9257-dd6489b3e8f0

multi

Most common testicular tumor in Pre pubertal age

Yolk sac tumors are most commonly found in pre pubertal age group.

4

Seminomas

Sertoli cell tumors

Leydig cell tumors

Yolk sac tumors

Surgery

null

61a02c20-93d7-4c73-b9db-784e4ecd1097

single

Malignant melanoma of the choroid will produce: September 2012

Ans. B i.e. Exudative retinal detachment

2

Retinal dialysis

Exudative retinal detachment

Traction retinal detachment

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Ophthalmology

null

9d76692e-bb98-4583-aac4-880f805bf586

single

True about hydatid cyst are all, except ?

Ans. is 'b' i.e., Calcification is common in lung Hydatid disease Liver cysts The majority of hydatid cysts occur in the liver, causing symptoms : Chronic abdominal discomfo Palpable abdominal mass Allergic reactions due to cyst rupture - skin rash, anaphylactic shock, or death. Abscess formation due to secondry bacterial infection Liver cysts occur more frequently in the right lobe. Lung cyst Second most common organ (after liver) Usually asymptomatic Occasionally may cause symptoms. Least common site of calcified hydatid cyst. Radiographic signs Meniscus sign Water - lily sign, camalote sign Rising sun sign, serpent sign Empty cyst sign

2

Most common site is liver

Calcification is common in lung

May involve kidney

Liver cysts are more common in right lobe

Microbiology

null

7ac8a7c9-06db-43cc-9775-44fbd26d446d

multi

Renal transplantation is most commonly done in ?

Answer is 'a' i.e. Chr. Glomerulonephritis Renal transplantation is the preferred treatment for many patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD), because it provides a better quality of life for them than dialysis. The most common causes of ESRD (in decreasing order) are: - Diabetes mellitus - Hypeension - Glomerulonephritis

1

Chr. glomerulonephritis

Bilateral staghorn calculus

Horse shoe kidney

Oxalosis

Surgery

null

177e592a-bc36-4855-b3f7-e2044aeaef61

single

38 year old male with pain and tenderness in dorsolumbar junction. Radiograph shows destruction of 12th dorsal vertebra with loss of disc space between D12 and L1, most probable diagnosis

null

3

Trauma

Vertebral osteomyelitis

Pott's spine

Metastasis of carcinoma lung

Orthopaedics

null

381bc8f7-722c-4303-8f15-fb59660fc84d

single

All are true about measles except-

<p>MEASLES:- An acute highly infectious disease of childhood caused by a specific virus of group myxovirus. Clinically characterised by fever and catarrhal symptoms of the upper respiratory tract( coryza,cough), followed by a typical rash. Incubation period-10 days from exposure to onset of fever and 14 days of appearance of rash. Secondary attack rate-infection confers life long immunity as there is only one antigenic type. Vaccine- live attenuated subcutaneous vaccine. {Reference: park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no.149}</p>

2

Incubation period is 10-14 days

Secondary attack rate is 30-40%

Sub cutaneous vaccine is available

Vaccine is live attenuated

Social & Preventive Medicine

Communicable diseases

7b9828bf-23c9-4186-834c-8e8cc8923239

multi

FEV1/FVC is reduced in case of-

null

3

Pleural effusion

Lung fibrosis

Asthma

All of the above

Medicine

null

b03adff9-d1ec-4b54-848c-05a379bfb595

multi

Posterior cerebral artery supplies all except

Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) supplies blood to occipital lobe (i.e. visual or striate cortex), temporal lobe, thalamus, lentiform nucleus, pineal & medial geniculate body, choroids plexus of inferior horn of lateral ventricle & 3rd ventrical and mid brain.

1

Pons

Midbrain

Thalamus

Striate cortex

Anatomy

null

7354dded-b6de-4ef6-8a87-4a786ceebace

multi