question
stringlengths 1
1.57k
| exp
stringlengths 1
22.5k
⌀ | cop
int64 1
4
| opa
stringlengths 1
287
| opb
stringlengths 1
287
| opc
stringlengths 1
286
| opd
stringlengths 1
301
| subject_name
stringclasses 21
values | topic_name
stringlengths 3
135
⌀ | id
stringlengths 36
36
| choice_type
stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minimum recommended level of Residual chlorine in Swimming pools is:
|
- Level of residual chlorine to be maintained for swimming pool sanitation is > 1.0 mg/L with contact period of 1 hour. - Also Remember, Free/ residual chlorine levels recommended in:- Drinking water = >= 0.5 mg/ L ; with contact period of 1 hour. Drinking water to kill cyclops = >= 2.0 mg/L ; with contact period of 1 hour.
| 3 |
0.5 mg/L
|
0.7 mg/L
|
1.0 mg/L
|
2.0 mg/L
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Water
|
cc659fb7-4ba0-4a8c-943d-012393c9c520
|
single
|
Cryoprecipitate contains: March 2009
|
Ans. C: Factor VIII Cryoprecipitate is prepared from plasma and contains fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, factor VIII, factor XIII and fibronectin. Cryoprecipitate is the only adequate fibrinogen concentrate available for intravenous use. Cryoprecipitate is indicated for bleeding or immediately prior to an invasive procedure in patients with significant hypofibrinogenemia ( Cryoprecipitate should not be used for patients with von Willebrand disease or Hemophilia A (Factor VIII deficiency). It is not usually given for Factor XIII deficiency, as there are virus-inactivated concentrates of this protein available. Cryoprecipitate is sometimes useful if platelet dysfunction associated with renal failure does not respond to dialysis.
| 3 |
Factor II
|
Factor V
|
Factor VIII
|
Factor IX
|
Surgery
| null |
880ec375-65f6-4a4f-8bc0-a063a2917ee0
|
single
|
All are the Indications of a malignancy in a mammography except
|
Mammographic features suggestive of breast cancer A solid mass with or without stellate features Asymmetric thickening of breast Clustered microcalcification Presence of fine stippled calcium in and around a suspicious lesion is suggestive of breast cancer and occurs in as many as 50 % of nonpalpable cancers These microcalcifications are an especially impoant sign of cancer in younger women, in whom it may be the only mammographic abnormality
| 1 |
Nodular calcification
|
Speckled margin
|
Attenuated architecture
|
Irregular mass
|
Anatomy
|
Endocrinology and breast
|
68ded46e-15cc-4ac7-9530-b2480637b275
|
multi
|
A patient wanting to scratch for itching in his amputated limb is an example of:
|
-This is an example of phantom limb hallucination in which patient is getting sensations from a limb which has been amputated. - In reflex hallucinations, stimulus in one modality causes hallucinations in another modality. E.g- A patient repoed that when he heard the sound of water falling from the tap, he would also sta seeing the 'God' sitting in his room. -Illusion is false perception of a real object. E.g. Seeing a snake instead of the rope
| 1 |
Phantom limb hallucination
|
Reflex hallucination
|
Illusion
|
Pseudo hallucination
|
Psychiatry
|
Basics of Psychiatry
|
9772391f-b8cb-499f-b511-598dc25a1f6f
|
multi
|
The deliusion which involves replacement of a familiar person by someone else is ?
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Capgras syndrome DSM is characterized by misidentification delusions of other or self. Four main syndromes are differentiated : ? Capgras syndrome (Delusion of double) : - Patient falsely sees a familiar person as a complete stranger who is impoing on him as a familiar person. Fregoli syndrome (illusion de fregoli) : - The patient falsely identifies stranger as familiar person. Syndrome of subjective double : - The patients own self is perceived as being replaced by a double. Syndrome of intermetamorphosis : - A false belief that a person can transform into another person. These syndrome most commonly appear in schizophrenia. Other causes are Alzheimer syndrome, head injuries, and delusional disorders.
| 1 |
Capgras syndrome
|
Cotard syndrome
|
Othello syndrome
|
None
|
Psychiatry
| null |
07afed4e-d0d5-48a6-bee0-b10294ecb90b
|
multi
|
Hysteroscope procedure is done for -
|
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Uteruso Hysteroscopy is a procedure that allows your doctor to look inside your uterus in order to diagnose and treat causes of abnormal bleeding. Hysteroscope in the scope used for visualization of the uterus.
| 4 |
Vagina
|
Cervix
|
Fallopian tubes
|
Uterus
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
Gynaecological Diagnosis
|
3322687f-6bc2-4f60-944e-2f2e692fd777
|
multi
|
A child has microcephaly, Blue eyes, Fair skin, and Mental retardation, Ferric chloride test is positive. What is the likely diagnosis
|
Individuals with phenylketonuria have profound and irreversible intellectual disability,microcepgaly,epilepsy and behavioral problems.These patients often have a musty body odour and skin conditions such as eczema caused by excretion of excessive phenylalanine and its metabolites.Decreased skin hair, and eye pigmentation may also be present due to reduced melanin synthesis.Ferric chloride test will be positive due to the presence of phenols,which are its metabolites. Reference:Essential pediatrics-Ghai,8th edition,page no:652
| 1 |
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
|
Homocystinuria
|
Tyrosinosis
|
Alkaptonuria
|
Pediatrics
|
Metabolic disorders
|
c9b0929e-5bff-4ad0-a0be-cb24fede878d
|
single
|
Maximum congestion is seen in :
|
C i.e. Strangulation
| 3 |
Choking
|
Hanging
|
Strangulation
|
Drowning
|
Forensic Medicine
| null |
4d7b4262-7bf5-4b4a-a1cb-9cd7068bb49b
|
single
|
The drug which causes renal papillary necrosis is?
|
Ans. (a) AcetophenetidinRef: Robbiris pathology 9th ed. /423. 936t* Renal papillary necrosis due to acetophenetidin/ phenacetin is a gradual process with slow loss of renal function.* The most common cause of renal papillary necrosis is diabetic glomerulopathy
| 1 |
Acetophenetidin
|
Gentamicin
|
Gold
|
Methicillin
|
Pathology
|
Diseases Affecting Tubules and Interstitium
|
9e1cc240-d767-41b7-b6ed-87e5fbbc0045
|
single
|
"Genital elephantiasis" is caused by
|
(Lymphogranuloma venereum) (428-A7th)LYMPHOGRANULOMA - VENEREUM (Lymphogranuloma inguinale, poradenitis, climatic or tropical bubo)- Caused by chlamydia -trachomatis - L2 (Most commonly)- Preferred site - regional lymphnodes- Primary lesions - painless papulovesicular lesion ** on the external genitalia- Women - hemorrhagic proctitis with regional lymphadenitis- Late sequelae in women leading to rectal strictures and elephantiasis of the vulva (esthiomene)**Chancroid or soft sore is caused by Haemophilus - ducryi "School of fish" or rail rod track" appearance- Tender nonindurated irregular ulcers on the genitalia
| 1 |
Lymphogranuloma venereum
|
Chancroid
|
Syphilis
|
Rickettsia
|
Microbiology
|
Bacteria
|
8f82e5c3-c95f-4a68-baad-510115718276
|
single
|
Which of the following drug does not cause renal toxicity-
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Mycophenolate Mofetil o Nephrotoxicity is not an adverse effect of mycophenolate mofetil.
| 3 |
Cisplatin
|
Cisplatin
|
Mycphenolate mofetil
|
Methotrexate
|
Pharmacology
| null |
665d03cd-4f18-476b-836c-fcb019452b53
|
single
|
Coical representation of body in cerebrum is
|
B i.e. Veical
| 2 |
Horizontal
|
Veical
|
Tandem
|
Oblique
|
Anatomy
| null |
f1fa8d42-0b6d-4186-a6a2-b99bc1db895c
|
single
|
Which of the following type of renal tubular acidosis (A) is associated with hyperkalemia?
|
-Type IV A(hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism) is the most common A- It may occur in type 1 or 2 DM- Associated with moderate renal dysfunction and characterised by hyperkalemiaRef: Harrison's 18/e p2364
| 4 |
A type IV
|
A type I & II
|
A type II
|
A type IV
|
Medicine
|
All India exam
|
7d665330-0d9d-4cef-b890-731e7d21cb8a
|
single
|
The treatment of choice for Anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid infiltrating trachea and sternum will be
|
Anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid with distant metastasis or invasion into locally unresectable structures, such as the trachea or vasculatureof the anterior mediastinum, leads to a more conservative surgical approach, such as tracheostomy (palliation) as prognosis is very poor Postoperative external beam irradiation or adjunctive chemotherapy adds little to the overall prognosis but can be considered. note : question is treatment of choice, treatment of choice here is palliative care. Source : Sabiston 20th edition pg: 910
| 4 |
Radical excision
|
Chemotherapy
|
Radiotherapy
|
Palliative treatment
|
Surgery
|
Endocrinology and breast
|
66dab723-c6df-4ed2-9dea-c847932c5424
|
multi
|
Lymphocytic colitis -
|
Lymphocytic colitis
Lymphocytic colitis is characterised by chronic watery, non-bloody diarrhoea and a prominent intraepithelial infiltrate of lymphocytes.
Lymphocytic colitis affects male and female equally.
Pt. presented with 3-20 times non-inflammatory non-bloody watery diarrhoea and accompanied by cramping abdominal pain.
Radiographic studies are unremarkable and endoscopy characteristically reveals normal.
Lymphocytic colitis shows a strong association with autoimmune diseases including celiac disease, Thyroiditis, arthritis and autoimmune gastritis
| 2 |
Bloody diarrhoea
|
Intra epithelial lymphocytes
|
Lymphocytes is stools
|
Through Ileoscopy look for peyer's patches
|
Pathology
| null |
4ab75f49-6685-42fe-af99-4c6ca15ab490
|
single
|
Cytochrome C in apoptosis acts by
|
After releasing of cytochrome in cytosol, they binas to Apart 1 protein which leads to formation of a complex apoptosome. This complex binds to caspase-9 which is a critical initiator caspase of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis.
Also Know
Most critical organ for apoptosis = Mitochondrion
Most characteristic feature of apoptosis = Chromatin condensation
Marker for apoptosis = Annexin V
Molecular marker for apoptosis = CD 95
| 4 |
IL 10
|
Bcl-2
|
FADD
|
Apaf 1
|
Pathology
| null |
e0c41d28-08f7-466d-ab70-deede9c2ff70
|
single
|
True about a negatively skewed data
|
A left skewed distribution or negatively skewed distribution because it's long tail is in the negative direction on a number line. The mean is to the left of the peak.(mode) The tail is longer on the left. In most cases, the mean is to the left of the median. mean < median < mode
| 2 |
Mode is Less than median
|
Mode is More than median
|
Mode is equal to median
|
No correlation
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Biostatistics
|
b6700b47-c0e9-4ee4-85a3-fac374a3606d
|
multi
|
Sweating as a result of excretion is mediated through
|
Refer kDT 7/e p 93 Most aeries and veins in the body are innervated by sympathetic adrenergic nerves, which release norepinephrine (NE) as a neurotransmitter. Some blood vessels are innervated by parasympathetic cholinergic orsympathetic cholinergic nerves, both of which release acetylcholine (ACh) as their primary neurotransmitter.
| 4 |
Adrenal harmone
|
Sympathetic adrenergic
|
Parasympathetic cholinergic
|
Sympathetic cholinergic
|
Pharmacology
|
Autonomic nervous system
|
5cc0e710-452e-4aff-8e7d-aab810ff71ac
|
single
|
A 40-year-old woman had lower third molar extracted due to dental caries. Then she developed high fever and pain. On examination, tonsil deted medially and there was swelling in upper one-third of sternocleidomastoid muscle, Most likely diagnosis is:
|
Abscess of pharyngomaxillary or lateral pharyngeal space is also known as parapharyngeal abscess. Infection can come to this space from acute or chronic infections of tonsils and adenoids, bursting of peritonsillar abscess, dental infection of lower third molar teeth, Bezold's abscess, petrositis, infections of parotid, retropharyngeal, and submaxillary spaces, injuries of neck etc. Fever, odynophagia, sore throat, toicoilis and signs of toxemia may develop.
| 3 |
Hematoma
|
Retropharyngeal abscess
|
Parapharyngeal abscess
|
Ludwig's angina
|
ENT
| null |
9a6de537-58c3-4eec-b2fe-d2dc55212aab
|
multi
|
'Favus' is caused by?
|
Favus Favus is an inflammatory type of Tinea capitis Commonest causative agent T. schoenleinii. Inflammatory (kerion, us) causing scarring/cicatricial alopecia Kerion common in children Tender boggy swelling over scalp, easily pluckable hair and enlarged lymphnode.(causative agent: T. mentagrophyte or T. verrucosum) DOC: Trichophyton - Terbinafine Microsporum spp -griseofulvin
| 1 |
T. schoenleinii
|
T. microsporum
|
Epidermophyton
|
Candida tropicalis
|
Dental
|
Fungal infections
|
a60c3e53-b129-486d-8805-1680ed0879c2
|
single
|
True statement about the upper half of anal canal is -
|
Upper part of anal canal above pectinate line is supplied by autonomic nerves and is therefore insensitive to pain.
Upper part of anal canal above pectinate line is drained by inferior mesenteric node (into internal iliac nodes), lined by columnar epithelium and is supplied by superior rectal artery (Continuation of inferior mesenteric artery).
| 1 |
Insensitive to pain
|
Drained by superficial inguinal lymph node
|
Lined by squamous epithelium
|
Supplied by superior mesenteric artery
|
Anatomy
| null |
fcab9d24-b504-47b0-8c15-b8567bd083cf
|
multi
|
Among the following true about linezolid except
|
OXAZOLIDINONE Linezolid:- Mech of action:- Linezolid inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by acting at an early step and a site different from that of other AMAs. It binds to the 23S fraction (P site) of the 50S ribosome and interferes with formation of the ternary N-formylmethionine- tRNA (tRNAfMet) -70S initiation complex. Binding of linezolid distos the tRNA binding site overlapping both 50S and 30S ribosomal subunits and stops protein synthesis before it stas. uses:- Used in treatment of resistant gram-positive coccal (aerobic and anaerobic) and bacillary infections. It is active against MRSA and some VRSA, VRE, penicillin-resistant Strep. pyogenes, Strep. viridans and Strep. pneumoniae, M. tuberculosis, Corynebacterium, Listeria, Clostridia and Bact. fragilis. It is primarily bacteriostatic, but can exe cidal action against some strepto-cocci, pneumococci and B. fragilis. Gram- negative bacteria are not affected. Ref:- kd tripathi; pg num:-758
| 4 |
It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis at an early step
|
It is active against vancomycin resistant enterococci
|
It can be administered orally as well as by i.v. infusion
|
It is the drug of choice for enterococcal endocarditis
|
Pharmacology
|
Antibiotics
|
305161b6-b43a-4440-b866-6a159ef90089
|
multi
|
Which suture is absorbed in 180 days
|
Answer- A. PolydiaxononePolydioxanone suture provides wound suppo for longer period as compared to other synthetic absorbable sutures.Polydioxanone suture also offers far superior tensile strength. Polydioxanone suture is made from polymerizing para dioxanone monomer.
| 1 |
Polydiaxonone
|
Catgut
|
Chromic Catgut
|
Nylon
|
Surgery
| null |
492b0e1e-2328-41f3-97fa-3d183c237230
|
multi
|
Sulfur granules in pus are seen in
| null | 2 |
Candida albicans
|
Actinomyces israelii
|
Nocarda braziliances
|
HistopLasma capsulatum
|
Pathology
| null |
c4d1e252-b6e5-4503-83fd-60a74de98f3f
|
single
|
Which of the following is a reference to Millards rule?
|
The timing of the lip repair in infancy varies from first 48 hours of life to 6 months of age, depending on the surgeon’s judgement. Although there is always a debate as to when the surgery should be performed, most surgeons follow ‘Millard’s rule of 10.’ 10 weeks of age with 10 gm of Hb and 10 pounds of weight. The trend is shifting towards early repair. In fact, few centres like to repair the lip as early as 5-7 days post-birth. But in a country like India, where postoperative neonatal care is less than ideal, rule of safety should be applied. In should be safe to anaesthetize the child and to look after postoperatively.
| 2 |
Standard rule regarding composition of local anaesthesia
|
Criteria for the surgery of cleft lip
|
Drug dosage depending on the child’s body weight
|
Rule regarding suture removal
|
Surgery
| null |
b8be8c58-b41b-4c6d-9589-e9c6cf9a23bc
|
single
|
A 32-year-old woman seeking to become pregnant visits her physician for a pre-pregnancy examination. Routine prenatal laboratory testing demonstrates the following profile: HBsAg (-), anti-HBsAg (+), anti-HBcAg (-), anti-HBeAg (-), and HBV DNA (-). Which of the following likely represents the status of the patient?
|
The patient is only positive for antibody to the hepatitis B antigen. This suggests that the patient has been vaccinated for hepatitis B virus (HBV). The vaccine consists of recombinantly produced HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) alone; Antibodies to the core protein (anti-HBcAg) appear during acute illness and between the disappearance of HBsAg and the appearance of anti-HBsAg, the "window period.
| 2 |
Hepatitis B carrier
|
Immunized against hepatitis B
|
Infected and within the "window period"
|
Infected with hepatitis B and highly transmissible
|
Pathology
|
Hepatitis
|
a333b37b-0144-4db3-adb3-2c1daf8b6331
|
single
|
Which is a GABA transaminase inhibitor ?
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Valproate Mechanism of action Facilitation of GABA mediated C1 channel opening Barbiturates and benzodiazepines bind to GABAAreceptor and open Cl- channel. Valprote and vigabatrine inhibit enzyme GABA transaminase which degrades GABA r conc. of GABA. Tiagabine inhibits the uptake of GABA into the neurones by inhibiting GAT-1. Gabapentine enhances the GABA release from synaptic vesicles.
| 3 |
TCA
|
Sealine
|
Valproate
|
Gabpentin
|
Pharmacology
| null |
0eb8f7c2-2cd3-4d17-baf6-0f290c6d0a2a
|
single
|
True about fetal circulation –
|
Blood in IVC has more saturation than blood in SVC as IVC carries the oxygenated blood of umbilical vein.
The left ventricular blood has more oxygen saturation that right ventricular blood because it carries the blood of IVC, while blood in right ventricle is a mixture of blood from IVC and SVC.
So, the brain and coronary circulation receive blood with higher saturation (through ascending aorta) than the lower half of body.
The left ventricular output is approximately half of right ventricular output because volume of blood reaching in left atrium is considerably lower than volume of blood reaching in right atrium. In fact right atrium is the major source of blood to the left atrium.
Aorta and pulmonary trunk are connected by ductus arteriosis, and pulmonary trunk has pressure slightly higher or equal to that of aorta → So, blood flows from pulmonary trunk to aorta.
The pressure in right and left ventricles are equal.
| 4 |
Blood in SVC has more oxygen saturation
|
Pressure in left ventricle is more
|
Brain receives blood with low oxygen saturation
|
Heart receives blood with high oxygen saturation
|
Pediatrics
| null |
fae87758-ce39-43e3-b16d-55be4b1a0037
|
multi
|
Most sensitive and specific investigation for screening of Renovascular hypertension –
| null | 3 |
MRI
|
Captopril enhanced radionuclide scan
|
Spiral CT Scan
|
Duplex – Doppler flow study
|
Radiology
| null |
36f32197-cbde-4bf9-ad9d-8e153be851d7
|
single
|
Zone of Weil is
| null | 2 |
Cell rich zone
|
Cell free zone
|
Odontoblastic zone
|
None of the above
|
Dental
| null |
2f671ef6-f064-4740-99ed-0843d401c505
|
multi
|
Hypnogogic hallucination is -
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., If experienced while falling asleep o Hallucinations which occur just prior to falling asleep are called hypnagogic hallucinationso Hallucination which occur just prior to waking up are called hypnopompic hallucinations.Also remember1) Functional hallucinations:- Hallucination accompanies a provoking stimulus in the same modality,i.e., water tricking from a leaking tap is heard along with voices of his neighbor cursing him.2) Synaesthesiae (reflex hallucination): - Stimulation of one sensory modality produces sensation pertaining to another, e.g., when the light flashes the patient gets tingling sensation. Synaesthesiae are common under the influence of LSD and other hallucinogenic drugs.3) Extracompine hallucinations:- They are hallucinations experienced outside the limits of one's sensory fields, e.g., hearing voices of people who are talking several kilometer away; seeing the people in the next room through the wall; seeing through the back of one's head.4) Scenic (Panoramic) hallucinations:- Here the hallucinations are vivid, continuous and complex as if one is seeing a movie.5) Autoscopy hallucinations:- These hallucinations are related to oneself or part of oneself. Autoscopy hallucinations may be : -a) Positive autoscopy:- The person experiences of seeing onself in the external environment. It is seen in schizophrenia and parieto-occipital lesions.b) Negative autoscopy:- when the person does not see his image in the mirror.c) Internal autoscopy:- when a person experiences of seeing internal organ of the body.6) Phantom limb hallucination:- The person feels his body parts intact in their respective places even after they are lost through amputation or injury.7) Pseudohallucination:- Pseudohallucination is a perceptual experience, which differs from a hallucination in that it appears to arise in the inner subjective space, not through one of the external sensory organs. Patients tend to describe these sensations as being perceived with the 'inner eye' or 'mind eye' (or ear). However, like true hallucinations pseudohallucinations are not under voluntary control. Example include :- Distressing flashbacks in post-traumatic stress disorder or the recently bereaved widow waking up to briefly 'see' her husband sitting at the foot of the bed. Profound MR IQ - 0-19.
| 1 |
If experienced while falling asleep
|
If experienced while awakening
|
After head trauma
|
After convulsion
|
Psychiatry
|
Sleep-Wake Disorders
|
442a53d2-a5b5-48a7-9a59-945972593a1a
|
multi
|
Rhinopyma is (Potate nose) –
| null | 4 |
Septal deviation of nose
|
Sweat gland hypertrophy
|
Mucous gland hypertrophy
|
Sebaceous gland hypertrophy
|
Dental
| null |
15798487-6a7f-4bc5-b958-19e48f8317c8
|
single
|
All of the following can cause neuropathies with predominant motor involvement except -
| null | 4 |
Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
|
Acute intermittent porphyria
|
Lead intoxication
|
Arsenic intoxication
|
Medicine
| null |
27f6d22a-3b90-4b2c-a379-ad2f8d4ff0fc
|
multi
|
Which of the following is false about plunging ranula
|
Diagnosis is made by USG or MRI.
| 2 |
Seen in submandibular and sublingual glands
|
Diagnosis is made by CT
|
Treatment is excision
|
Dumb-bell shaped mass
|
Surgery
| null |
518a457d-49b1-4642-b52d-8c8d2d714fe8
|
multi
|
A child is brought to the paediatric OPD with fever of 24 hours duration. History reveals 3 episodes of chest infection and passage of foul smelling stools. The most probable diagnosis is –
|
Recurrent chest infection in a child with evidence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (bulky, foul smelling stool) suggest a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.
| 1 |
Cystic Fibrosis
|
Maple Syrup urine Disease
|
Bilirubin Congugation Defect
|
Criggler Najar Syndrome
|
Pediatrics
| null |
622414e4-f5e3-40c3-96ad-a175deb7068f
|
single
|
Metyrosin is used in ?
|
Ans: D PheochromocytomaRef: KDT 7/e p. 128, 129; Katzung rlth/e p. g4lRate limiting step (tyrosine hydrorylation) in synthesis of epinephrine is inhibited by metyrosine.
| 4 |
Acromegaly
|
Cushing syndrome
|
Addison's disease
|
Pheochromocytoma
|
Pharmacology
| null |
ccc248df-fac0-4e9b-b1ae-916969e21443
|
single
|
In congenital adrenal hyperplasia, deficient enzyme is - most womon
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., 21-a Hydroxylase Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) Group of AR disorder MC adrenal disorder in childhood Most common 21-hydroxylase deficiency In 21a-hyroxylese deficiency There is deficiency of mineralocoicoids & glucocoicoid. This leads to hypoglycemia, hyponatremia
| 2 |
11(3 hydroxylase deficiency
|
21 a hydroxylase deficiency
|
3a hydroxylase deficiency
|
17a hydroxylase deficiency
|
Pediatrics
| null |
185f889d-cebb-43e8-9b8b-61a55316c1a5
|
single
|
Calculate the mean & mode of the given values: 2,2,3,4,4,4,4,5,5,7,8,8,9
|
Ans. (b) 5 and 4Ref: Park 22nd ed/789-90Therefore, mean =2+2+3+4+4+4+4+5+5+7+8+8+913= 65/13Mean = 5* Mode is most repeated/frequent value, which is 4, repeated 4 times.* Therefore the mean, mode will be 5 and 4 respectively.
| 2 |
4 and 5
|
5 and 4
|
5 and 9\
|
9 and 5
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Measures of Central Tendency and Distribution
|
efe6c6d8-73c9-4e80-88d3-5a59c60d734a
|
single
|
A child with large perimembranous VSD has congestive hea failure. What may be the cause of improvement of failure in this patient
|
Patients born With uncomplicated VSD may develop pulmonary stenosis due to hyperophy of right ventricular infundibulum ,develop pulmonary aerial hypeension or rarely develop aoic regurgitation. Development of pulmonary aerial hypeension is dreaded complication since if it is of obstructive type the patient becomes inoperable. Ref Ghai pediatrics eighth edition pg no 417
| 2 |
Aoic regurgitation
|
Vascular changes in pulmonary circulation
|
Infective endocarditis
|
Closure of VSD spontaneously
|
Pediatrics
|
C.V.S
|
a8ed6b1b-66ee-419c-8df6-f9af5601e50d
|
single
|
Triiodothyronine (T3) as compared to T4 :
|
T3 is the main active thyroid hormone. It is more potent (less plasma protein bound) and faster acting than T4. However, short duration of action limits its use for the treatment of hypothyroidism (requires lifelong treatment).
T3 is indicated for the treatment of myxedema coma.
| 2 |
Is more plasma protein bound
|
Is shorter acting
|
Is less potent
|
Has delayed action
|
Pharmacology
| null |
544f915e-8172-4715-8e20-eebae8ed6388
|
single
|
In an average young adult male, water constitutes about ______ % of the body weight.
|
Body is composed of about 60-70% water.
Osmolality of the intra and extracellular fluid is the same, but there is a marked difference in the solute content.
| 3 |
40
|
50
|
60
|
70
|
Biochemistry
| null |
26456ed7-098a-4e92-b15c-65452e24a9d1
|
single
|
Which by product of vecuronium is associated with peripheral neuropathy on prolonged infusion-
|
The most potent byproduct of vecuronium is 3-hydroxy vecuronium, with approximately 60% of the activity of vecuronium, is excreted by the kidney and may be responsible for prolonged paralysis. Vecuronium - 1. It is unstable in solution and, for this reason, is supplied as a lyophilized powder that must be dissolved in sterile water before its use. 2. Both hepatic and renal metabolism. 3. To be used cautiously in pretesting liver & renal dysfunction 4. Neonate, obstetric, geriatric and obese prolonged duration of action is observed.
| 1 |
3- hydroxy vecuronium
|
17-hydroxy vecuronium
|
3, 17 (OH2) metabolite
|
All
|
Anaesthesia
|
Neuromuscular Blocker
|
77afe795-bc75-48db-859d-49256c0fe395
|
multi
|
A 10-month old male child was having vomiting upon eating fruits, but is of normal weight. He has been exclusively breast fed till now. The doctor suggests fructose intolerance. Which of the following enzyme would be deficient in this child?
|
Ans. a. Aldolase B
| 1 |
Aldolase B
|
Hexokinase
|
Fructokinase
|
Glucose-6-phosphatase
|
Biochemistry
| null |
41ccc2c6-b2de-4004-932b-ecd2ac1cd042
|
single
|
Which glass ionomer cement develops early resistance to water intake on setting?
| null | 3 |
Reinforced auto care glass ionomer cement
|
Compomer
|
Resin modified glass ionomer cement
|
Ceramic reinforced glass ionomer cement
|
Dental
| null |
1213f9ce-f2c2-4194-a35c-4e50a9132049
|
single
|
The investigation of choice to detect gastrinoma le<< than 5 mm size is-
|
Investigations Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the investigation of choice and should be performed promptly in any dyspeptic patient with 'alarm features' . Multiple biopsies from the edge and base of a gastric ulcer are required. Barium meal is a poor alternative, since any abnormalities must be followed by endoscopy and biopsy. Ref Davidson edition23rd pg804
| 1 |
Endoscopic ultrasound
|
Octreotide scan
|
CT scan
|
Poal venous sampling
|
Medicine
|
G.I.T
|
9624ee68-5be9-4e7b-ac95-b79abc674bff
|
single
|
Infra clavicular lesion of tuberculosis is known as ?
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Assman's focus Assman's focus The initial lesion in secondary tuberculosis at the apex of lung (infraclavicular) without any lymph node involvement is called Assman's focus.
| 1 |
Assman's focus
|
Puhl's focus
|
Simmon's focus
|
Ghon's focus
|
Pathology
| null |
fb6d9e63-c691-4c57-b206-5b77e90260c4
|
single
|
Regarding appendicitis in children, all are true except:
|
Ref: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics, 19th edition. Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease, 8th edition & Bailey and Love's Short Practice of Surgery 25th Edition Explanation: localized abdominal tenderness is the single most i: hie finding in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. In Children, if the diagnosis is delayed beyond 36-48 hr, the perforation rate exceeds 65%. Perforation is most common in young children, with rates as high as 82% for children <5 yr and approaching 100% in infants. Nausea and vomiting occur in more than half the patients and usually follow the onset of abdominal pain by several hours. " (Ref: Nelson) Acute appendicitis The \IC surgical procedure performed on an emergency basis is an appendectomy. Most common in the first 2 decades Pathophysiology Appendiceal obstruction is the most common initiating event of appendicitis. Hyperplasia of the submucosal lymphoid follicles of the appendix accounts for approximately 60% of obstructions (most common in teens), In older adults and children the fecalith is the most common etiology (35% ). Obstruction of the appendiceal lumen is followed by increased intraluminal pressure secondary to continued mucosal secretion and bacterial overgrowth. The appendiceal wall becomes thinned and lymphatic and venous obstruction occurs. Necrosis and perforation develop when the arterial flow is compromised. Diagnosis. The diagnosis of acute appendicitis is made by clinical evaluation. Although laboratory tests and imaging procedures can be helpful, they are of secondary importance. Clinical presentation Symptoms Progressive, persistent midabdominal discomfort caused by obstruction and distention of the appendix, which stimulates the visceral afferent autonomic nerves (T8-10 distribution). Anorexia (90%) and a low-grade fever (<38.5degC). Nausea and vomiting (70%) and 10% have diarrhea. Once the inflammation extends transmurally to the parietal peritoneum, the somatic pain fibers are stimulated, and the pain localizes to the RLQ. Peritoneal irritation is associated with pain on movement, mild fever, and tachycardia. One-fourth of patients present initially with localized pain and no prior visceral symptoms. The onset of symptoms to the time of presentation is usually less than 24 hours for acute appendicitis and averages several hours. In Children, if the diagnosis is delayed beyond 36-48 hr. the perforation rate exceeds 65%. Perforation is most common in young children, with rates as high as 82% for children <5 vr and approaching 100% in infants. Nausea and vomiting occur in more than half the patients and usually follow the onset of abdominal pain by several hours. Physical examination McBurney's point tenderness two-thirds of the distance from the umbilicus to the anterosuperior iliac spine). Localized abdominal tenderness is the single most reliable finding in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The presence of pain in the RLQ during gentle finger percussion in the LL.Q (Rovsing's sign) indicates peritoneal irritation. The degree of direct tenderness is appreciated. The degree of muscular resistance to palpation parallels the severity of the inflammatory process. Cutaneous hyperesthesia is often present overlying the region of maximal tenderness. Exacerbation of pain with passive stretching of the iliopsoas muscle (positive psoas sign) implies the presence of local inflammation in the area of the muscle (e.g.. retrocecal appendicitis). A pelvic appendix may produce hypogastric pain with passive internal rotation, a positive Obturator sign. A palpable mass in the RLQ suggests a peri-appendiceal abscess or phlegmon. Laboratory evaluation. Complete blood cell count, serum electrolytes, and urinalysis should be obtained preoperatively for patients with suspected appendicitis. A serum pregnancy test also must be performed for all ovulating women. Complete blood cell count A leukocyte count of greater than 10,000 cells/ mL with polymorphonuclear cell predominance (>75%) is common in the child and young adult with appendicitis. The total number of WBCs and the proportion of immature forms increase if there is an appendiceal perforation. Urinalysis It is abnormal in 25-40% of patients with appendicitis. Pyuria, albuminuria, and hematuria are common. Radiologic evaluation USG is most useful Findings associated with acute appendicitis include The appendiceal diameter of greater than 6 mm. Lack of luminal compressibility Presence of an appendicolith. Abdominal CT scan is generally performed only in complex cases or in patients with atypical presentations. Barium enema (BE* Diagnostic laparoscopy Differential diagnosis Gastrointestinal diseases Gastroenteritis Mesenteric lymphadenitis Meckel's diverticulitis Perforated peptic ulcer disease Diverticulitis Cholecystitis Typhlitis Urologic diseases Pyelonephritis Ureteral colic Gynecologic diseases PID Ectopic pregnancy Ovarian cysts Ovarian torsion. Treatment Preoperative preparation Intravenous isotonic fluid replacement Nasogastric suction in patients with peritonitis. Preoperative antibiotic coverage Antibiotic therapy Broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage is initiated preoperatively Appendectomy The treatment of appendicitis is an appendectomy. Drainage of appendiceal abscess Management remains controversial. Systemic antibiotics and considered for Percutaneous US- or CT-guided catheter drainage Elective appendectomy 6-12 weeks later The appendix must be removed because the patient has a 60% risk of developing appendicitis again within 2 years. Complications Perforation It is accompanied by severe pain and fever. It is unusual within the first 12 hours of appendicitis but It is present in 50% cases < 10 years and > 50 years. Fever, tachycardia, generalized peritonitis, and abscess formation. Treatment is an appendectomy, peritoneal irrigation, and broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics for several days. Postoperative wound infection The risk is decreased by IV antibiotics administered before skin incision. The incidence increases from nonperforated appendicitis (3%) to a perforated or gangrenous appendix (4.7%). Wound infections are managed by opening, draining, and packing the wound to allow healing by secondary intention. Intravenous antibiotics are indicated for associated cellulitis or systemic sepsis. Intraabdominal and pelvic abscesses Occur most frequently with perforation of the appendix. Best treated hv percutaneous CT- or US-guided aspiration. If the abscess is inaccessible or resistant to percutaneous drainage, operative drainage is indicated. .Antibiotic therapy can mask but does not treat # >i prevent a significant abscess. Pylephlebitis It is septic portal vein thrombosis, usually is caused by Escherichia cob Presents with high fevers, jaundice, and eventually hepatic abscesses. CT scan demonstrates thrombus and gas in the portal vein. Prompt treatment (operative or percutaneous) of the primary infection followed by IV antibiotics. Enterocutaneous fistulas from a: Leak at the appendiceal stump closure May require surgical closure but most close spontaneously.
| 2 |
Localised pain is the single most important reliable sign
|
Vomiting precedes abdominal pain
|
60 % cases perforation occurs in children less than 5 yrs
|
60% perforation in 48 hrs
|
Unknown
| null |
313d9394-4a34-4f9c-93a2-7f1150327413
|
multi
|
Melanosis coli is caused by
|
Senna and cascara are anthraquinone derivatives, which are used as stimulant purgatives. On chronic use they can lead to melanosis coli.
| 2 |
Bisacodyl
|
Senna
|
Magnesium sulphate
|
Lactulose
|
Pharmacology
| null |
9e95a8ef-f8ef-4c2c-a3f8-daee233271ec
|
single
|
Lateral rectus palsy is characterized by -
|
First see the difference between phoria and tropia. Suffix phoria is used in latent squint, e.g. esophoria and exophoria. Suffix tropia is used in manifest squints (concomitant and paralytic) e.g. esotropia or exotropia.
Diplopia is a feature of paralytic esotropia or exotropia but not concomitant esotropia / exotropia or esophoria / exophoria (latent squint).
Uncrossed diplopia: - convergent squint (Esotropia) as in lateral rectus palsy.
Crossed diplopia: - Divergent squint (exotropia) as in medial rectus palsy.
| 2 |
Crossed diplopia
|
Uncrossed diplopia
|
Suppression of eye ball
|
Upward rotated eye ball
|
Ophthalmology
| null |
be87ea8e-a9d5-4bb5-8c0a-f4edea1ed26e
|
multi
|
Cystic fibrosis is inherited as?
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e. AR * Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder of ion transport in epithelial cells that affect fluid secretion in exocrine glands and the epithelial lining of the respiratory, gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts.* Cystic fibrosis occurs due to mutation in the CFTR (Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) gene on long arm of chromosome-7.
| 1 |
AR
|
AD
|
XR
|
XD
|
Pathology
|
Genetics
|
687fdbb1-a4b5-4775-b0cc-58cdecad3609
|
single
|
Bronchopulmonary segments in right and left lungs respectively ?
|
Each lung has 10 bronchopulmonary segments.
| 3 |
9, 11
|
11,9
|
10,10
|
8, 10
|
Anatomy
| null |
f28b5ab1-e22b-40e2-80fb-5584c5ee2c57
|
single
|
Wide open anterior fontanelle is found in following diseases except:
|
d. Craniosynostosis(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2817-2819, Ghai 8/e p 41)In Craniosynostosis there is premature fusion of cranial sutures and so fontanelles close early and are small;While, Rickets, Cretinism (Hypothyroidism), Ostoeogenesis imperfecta & Achondroplasia are important causes of large anterior fontanelle.
| 4 |
Rickets
|
Cretinism
|
Osteogenesis imperfecta
|
Craniosynostosis
|
Pediatrics
|
Central Nervous System
|
9966de22-518e-442f-9759-463f93760769
|
multi
|
The angle of convexity is:
| null | 3 |
SNA
|
ANB
|
NA- Pog
|
SNB
|
Dental
| null |
d12a735c-c782-441c-b800-14d77da852ad
|
single
|
Mallampatti's classification is for?
|
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Inspection of oral cavity before intubation Mallampati score (Mallampati oropharyngeal scale)* Mallampati grading is used to evaluate the visibility of tonsil and tonsillar fossa which in turn assess the adequate mouth opening depending upon the grade.* Indications of Mallampati score are Oral cavity assessment to rule out difficult intubation (Inspection of oral cavity before intubation) & Sleep apnea evaluation.* Mallampati score is divided into four gradesClass 1Class 2Class 3Class 4* Soft palate, uvula, faucial pillars & posterior pharyngeal wall are visible* Lower part of faucial pillar & uvula are masked by the abse of tongue.* Upper part of faucial pillars & soft palate are visible.* Only soft palate is visible* None of the structure is visible.* Only hard palate is visible.
| 4 |
Mobility of cervical spine
|
Mobility of atlanto axial joint
|
Assessment of free rotation of neck before intubation
|
Inspection of oral cavity before intubation
|
Anaesthesia
|
Preoperative Assessment & Monitoring
|
c3262f0a-d849-43b2-9c13-43a00c64eac4
|
multi
|
Triphasic waveforms in hepatic encephalopathy occurs in stage of -
|
Hepatic encephalopathy Hepatic encephalopathy is a neuropsychiatric syndrome caused by liver disease. As it progresses, delirium is followed by coma. Simple delirium needs to be differentiated from delirium tremens and Wernicke's encephalopathy, and coma from subdural haematoma, which can occur in alcoholics after a fall . Features include changes of intellect, personality, emotions and consciousness, with or without neurological signs. The degree of encephalopathy can be graded from 1 to 4, depending on thesep features, and this is useful in assessing response to therapy . When an episode develops acutely, a precipitating factor may be found . The earliest features are very mild and easily overlooked, but as the condition becomes more severe, apathy, inability to concentrate, delirium, disorientation, drowsiness, slurring of speech and eventually coma develop. Convulsions sometimes occur. Examination usually shows a flapping tremor (asterixis), inability to perform simple mental arithmetic tasks or to draw objects such as a star (constructional apraxia; ), and, as the condition progresses, hyper-reflexia and bilateral extensor plantar responses. Hepatic encephalopathy rarely causes focal neurological signs; if these are present, other causes must be sought. Fetor hepaticus, a sweet musty odour to the breath, is usually present but is more a sign of liver failure and poosystemic shunting than of hepatic encephalopathy. Rarely, chronic hepatic encephalopathy (hepatocerebral degeneration) gives rise to variable combinations of cerebellar dysfunction, Parkinsonian syndromes, spastic paraplegia and dementia. Pathophysiology Hepatic encephalopathy is thought to be due to a disturbance of brain function provoked by circulating neurotoxins that are normally metabolised by the liver. Accordingly, most affected patients have evidence of liver failure and poosystemic shunting of blood, but the balance between these varies from individual to individual. Management The principles are to treat or remove precipitating causes and to suppress the production of neurotoxins by bacteria in the bowel. Dietary protein restriction is rarely needed and is no longer recommended as first-line treatment because it is unpalatable and can lead to a worsening nutritional state in already malnourished patients. Lactulose (15-30 mL 3 times daily) is increased gradually until the bowels are moving twice daily. It produces an osmotic laxative effect, reduces the pH of the colonic content, thereby limiting colonic ammonia absorption, and promotes the incorporation of nitrogen into bacteria. Rifaximin (400 mg 3 times daily) is a well-tolerated, non-absorbed antibiotic that acts by reducing the bacterial content of the bowel and has been shown to be effective. It can be used in addition, or as an alternative, to lactulose if diarrhoea becomes troublesome. Chronic or refractory encephalopathy is one of the main indications for liver transplantation. Ref Davidson edition23rd pg865
| 1 |
Coma stage-IV
|
Confusion stage-I
|
Deep coma stage-V
|
Drowsiness stage-II
|
Medicine
|
G.I.T
|
979dde94-0c34-42e4-b469-659feb7de2fe
|
single
|
Energy selection in CPR according to AHA 2010 guideline is/are:
|
Answer- (D) Monophasic 360 J, Biphasic 120-200 J2010 AIIA guideline for CPR Contrary to previous recommendation of 3 succesive shocks (200, 300, 360J) nowadays lst & all subsequent shocks are of 360 Joules with monophasic & 120-200 loules with biphasic.
| 4 |
Monophasic 120-200J, Biphasic 360 J
|
Monophasic 200 J, Biphasic 360J
|
Monophasic 120 J, Biphasic 200J
|
Monophasic 360 J, Biphasic 120-200 J
|
Medicine
| null |
77e3c57f-0cdb-4b94-8b00-15e35262d781
|
single
|
Maximum liver toxicity is seen with which anti - TB drug?
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Pyrazinamide o Three first line antitubercular drugs are associated with hepatotoxicityRifampicinFNHPyrazinamideo Of the three, rifampicin is least likely to cause hepatocellular damage, although it is associated with cholestatic jaundice.o Pyrazinamide is the most hepatotoxic of the first line drugs.o Among the second-line drugs, ethionamide, PAS and protionamide can also be hepatotoxic, although less so than any of the first line drugs.
| 3 |
Isoniazid
|
Rifampicin
|
Pyrazinamide
|
Streptomycin
|
Pharmacology
|
Anti Microbial
|
972ba6e3-d545-48fd-b438-d19471514d3e
|
single
|
Sacrococcgeal teratoma arises from ?
|
The cause of sacrococcygeal teratomas is unknown. Sacrococcygeal teratomas are germ cell tumors. Germ cells are the cells that develop into the embryo and later on become the cells that make up the reproductive system of men and women. Most germ cell tumors occur in the testes or ovaries (gonads) or the lower back. When these tumors occur outside of the gonads, they are known as extragonadal tumors. Researchers do not know how extragonadal germ cell tumors form. One theory suggests that germ cells accidentally migrate during to unusual locations early during the development of the embryo (embryogenesis). Normally, such misplaced germ cells degenerate and die, but in cases of extragonadal teratomas researchers speculate that these cells continue to undergo mitosis, the process where cells divide and multiply, eventually forming a teratoma. Sacrococcygeal teratomas are thought to arise from an area under the coccyx called "Henson's Node". This is an area where primitive cells persist (germ cells) that can give rise to cells of the three major tissue layers of an embryo: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. These embryonic layers eventually give rise to the various cells and structures of the body. Sacrococcygeal teratomas can contain mature tissue that looks like any tissue in the body, or immature tissue resembling embryonic tissues. Ref- <a href="
| 1 |
Primitive streak
|
Neural plate
|
Cloacal membrane
|
Posterior neuropore
|
Anatomy
|
General anatomy
|
f7914285-1eb4-43f4-96f9-2e18a77a374f
|
single
|
Leprosy commonly affects all organs except:
|
Ovary
| 1 |
Ovary
|
Skin
|
Nerves
|
Eye
|
Skin
| null |
2616c64e-54ae-4af7-a2da-2a272d9d206f
|
multi
|
The substance used of OCG is:
|
Ans. lapanoic acid
| 1 |
lapanoic acid
|
Sodium diatrozite
|
Melglumine iodothalamate
|
Biligraffin
|
Radiology
| null |
f2ed4b70-f29d-44c6-86b1-85e75c6a34f0
|
single
|
Kirkland knife is used for:
| null | 1 |
External bevel incision
|
Internal bevel incision
|
Horizontal incision
|
All of the above
|
Dental
| null |
4594abd8-c649-4113-ae3f-5fbf3078bb48
|
multi
|
Commonest carcinoma in elderly male is -
| null | 4 |
Stomach
|
Lung
|
Esophagus
|
Prostate
|
Pathology
| null |
64859eb6-8518-45c8-8439-79011b78417b
|
single
|
The most serious complication of a pelvic fracture is:
| null | 3 |
Rupture urinary bladder
|
Neurogenic shock
|
Hypovolemic shock
|
Malunion
|
Surgery
| null |
ebfabede-cfc8-49ac-bf8e-f8d999b6be08
|
single
|
Most common gene associated with renal cell carcinoma
|
Both sporadic and familial RCC is associated with: Loss of sequence on chromosome 3 either by translocation (3:6, 3:8, 3:11) or deletion. This region harbours the VHL gene. Familial RCC is associated with:- Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome Ref: RAM DAS NAYAK EXAM PREPARATORY MANUAL FOR UNDERGRADUATES 2nd ed. pg no: 633
| 3 |
WT1
|
BRCA 1
|
VHL
|
PATCH
|
Pathology
|
Urinary tract
|
909c8fb1-0708-4a7a-bfc1-8101bbe38217
|
single
|
Myasthenia gravis may be associated with:
|
Ans: dRef: Harrison, 16thed, p. 2521, Table 366.3
| 4 |
Drug intake
|
Viral infection
|
B lymphocyte dysfunction
|
Thymoma
|
Medicine
|
C.N.S.
|
68e3fe2d-ebc4-4c5e-a063-43130a40a6a5
|
single
|
Which of the following act to cause local Vasodilators
|
(| CO2 tension) (500-1-K.S) (597-GN) (563-Ganong 23rd)Local vasodilatorsVasodilators of metabolic originVasodilators of endothelial origin* The vasodilators of metabolic origin are carbon dioxide, lactate, hydrogen ions and adenosine, Histamine* The metabolic changes that produce vasodilation include in most tissues decrease in O2 tension and pH** These changes causes relaxation of the arterioles and precapillary sphincters. Increase in CO2 tension and osmolality also dilate the vessels. The direct dilator action of CO2 is most pronounced in the skin and brain* Hyperthermia exerts direct vasodilator effect* K+ is another substance that accumulates locally has demonstrated dilator activity* Nitric oxide (NO) is an endothelium derived factor (EDRF). It is synthesized from Arginine** NO is a vasodilator, deficiency of this leads to hypertension. The other functions of this are penile erection with vasodilatation and engorgement of corpora cavernosa, activation of macrophages in brain, destruction of cancer cells and relaxation of smooth muscles of GIT.Local vasoconstrictors - The local vasoconstrictor substances are of endothelial origin are known as endothelins (ET). The production of endothelins is because of the stretching of blood vessels. The endothelins act by activating phospholipase, which in turn activates the prostacyclin and thromboxane A2. These two substances cause constriction of blood vessels and increase in blood pressure.
| 3 |
| O2 tension
|
| PH
|
| CO2 tension
|
| CO2 tension
|
Physiology
|
Heart, Circulation, and Blood
|
45685e61-6193-45ab-b4ef-b6b9b3c41570
|
single
|
A 65 years old male diagnosed by biopsy as a case of lung carcinoma, with the paraneoplastic syndrome and increased PTH. Probable cause is-
| null | 2 |
Parathyroid
|
Parathyroid related peptide
|
Calcitonin
|
Calcitonin related peptide
|
Pathology
| null |
cdee2e00-9af0-4256-9d05-8b636a754bb6
|
single
|
Drug of choice for pneumocystis carinii is:
|
Answer is B (Cotrimoxazole): Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or Cotrimoxazole is the drug of choice for all firms of Pneumocystis Pneumonias. 'Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole which acts by inhibiting folic acid synthesis is considered the drug of choice for all forms of Pneumocystis Pneumonias. Therapy is continued for 14 days in Non-HIV-Infected patients and for 21 days in HIV-Infected patients' - Harrison 18th/1672
| 2 |
Doxycycline
|
Cotrimoxazole
|
Tetracycline
|
Dapsone
|
Medicine
| null |
709e07d0-3d4c-4ffe-a744-b0f1ea2f5797
|
single
|
Absent P waves with wide QRS complex indicates serum potassium of
|
Hyperkalemia Couesy of Dr. Michael McCrea a. Tall hyperacute T wave (earliest ECG finding) b. Prolonged PR interval c. Flattened or absent P wave d. Wide QRS complex that eventually blends with the T wave to assume a "sine wave" appearance e. Hea blocks f. QT interval normal or shoened Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number:184,185,186
| 3 |
5.4 meq/L
|
6.5 meq/L
|
More than 8 meq/L
|
More than 1O meq/L
|
Physiology
|
G.I.T
|
70ad64f3-3f18-4b23-a4bb-6ecd86a05609
|
single
|
If mother is donating the kidney to her son, this is an example of:-
|
Types of grafts - Autograft: same person - Allograft/Homograft: from one person to another / same species - Isograft: Identical twine - Xenograft/Heterograft: Between different species - Ohotopic graft: Graft placed in normal anatomical site - Heterotrophic graft: Graft in site different from its anatomical location
| 2 |
Autograft
|
Allograft
|
Isograft
|
Xenograft
|
Surgery
|
NEET 2019
|
5cffb602-cc16-4b0c-8052-38c3a2d4ec19
|
multi
|
Which of following drug inhibits xanthine oxidase: September 2007
|
Ans. C: Allopurinol Xanthine oxidase is involved in purine metabolism. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase reduces the production of uric acid, and several medications that inhibit xanthine oxidase are indicated for treatment of hyperuricemia and related medical conditions including gout. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors are: a. Purine analogues include allopurinol, oxypurinol, and tisopurine. b. Others include febuxostat and inositols (phytic acid and myo-inositol).
| 3 |
Probenicid
|
Quiniarcine
|
Allopurinol
|
Sulfinpyrazone
|
Pharmacology
| null |
8134f8df-677d-4d9b-9e24-339b881a8750
|
multi
|
Which of the following is true to the immediate postoperative period in a young patient with previously normal lungs having upper abdominal surgery ?
| null | 1 |
Arterial oxygen tension will typically be reduced by an average of 10 mm Hg when breathing room air
|
Arterial oxygen tension will normalize after 15 minutes
|
Diffusion hypoxia is the major determinant of arterial hypoxaemia
|
The CXR will typically reveal no abnormalities
|
Anaesthesia
| null |
92e34638-0cee-4a35-9731-c5011668eeb1
|
multi
|
Features in retinal detachment all except –
|
Vitreous hemorrhage is not a feature of retinal detachment. However, it may be associated with retinal detachment as tear in retina may cause vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment.
In retinal detachment, there is visual field defect which corresponds to the area of detachment.
On examination, freshly - detached retina gives grey reflex (i.e., grey fundus) instead of normal pink reflex.
| 3 |
Field defect
|
Retinal tears
|
Associated with vitreous haemorrhage
|
Greyish – brown fundus
|
Ophthalmology
| null |
d58b9896-8520-41d8-bcab-cac84be2674b
|
multi
|
True about silent mutation in genea) No change in mRNAb) No change in Amino acid sequence in proteinc) No expression of proteind) No change in expression of proteine) Termination of protein synthesis
|
In silent mutation, codon containing the changed base codes for the same amino acid (as original codon). Thus there is no change in expression of protein.
| 2 |
c
|
bd
|
ab
|
ac
|
Biochemistry
| null |
5e51cad6-8b23-468a-ae30-82b399ef1064
|
multi
|
Advantages of amoxicillin over ampicillin are all except?
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Spectrum includes H. influenzae & Shigella
| 2 |
Better bioavailability & faster action
|
Spectrum includes H. influenzae & Shigella
|
Incidence of diarrhea is lower
|
Food does not interfere with its absorption
|
Pharmacology
| null |
2f277330-5efe-4539-80d9-efd602ebf21b
|
multi
|
Which of the rotator muscle was not given its due impoance and was called Forgotten muscle of rotator cuff ?
|
Subscapularis-:"forgotten muscle'' of rotator cuff- Internal rotator of the shoulder Difficult to pick up in MRI Diagnostic test done-lift off, belly press, Gerber test Nerve supply: Upper and lower subscapular nerves from posterior chord of brachial plexus
| 1 |
Subscapularis
|
Supraspinatus
|
Infraspinatus
|
Teres minor
|
Orthopaedics
|
Ohopaedics Q Bank
|
7250e25a-55ba-4cae-a7df-2d0e9ef649d0
|
multi
|
True about TB Knee
| null | 1 |
Synovial fluid shows reduced mucin
|
Internal rotation of Tibia
|
Synovial fluid shows reduced leucocyte count
|
Leads to Bony ankylosis
|
Orthopaedics
| null |
e0e4afea-d3d2-4187-897b-dffdc70a7f2d
|
multi
|
Which of the following disorders is most closely associated with thyroid disease?
|
Ans. C. DepressionDepressive symptoms have been known to be one of the most prominent features of clinical thyroid disease, particularly hypothyroidism. Beginning in the late part of the 19th century, depression was seen as prominent component of clinical hypothyroidism, although other psychiatric symptoms were often present. As a result of the inverse relationship between thyroid function and depression observed in endocrine patients, it was hoped that thyroid hormones-particularly thyroid hormone deficiency-might be a biological factor in the etiology of unipolar and bipolar mood disorders. Thyroid hormones are used in psychiatry, either alone or as augmentation, to treat persons with depression or rapid-cycling bipolar I disorder. They can convert an antidepressant-nonresponsive person into an antidepressant-responsive person.
| 3 |
Schizophrenia
|
Alcohol use disorder
|
Depression
|
Phobia
|
Psychiatry
|
Mood Disorders
|
ea828d51-0e60-432d-afe0-a08744cb7d55
|
single
|
Mallory hyaline bodies are present in all of the following, except
|
In histopathology, a Mallory body,Mallory-Denk body, and Mallory's hyaline, is an inclusion found in the cytoplasm of liver cells. Mallory bodies are damaged intermediate filaments within the hepatocytes
| 2 |
Primary biliary cirrhosis
|
Secondary biliary cirrhosis
|
Indian childhood cirrhosis
|
Alcoholic cirrhosis
|
Pathology
|
G.I.T
|
ec4b5e48-ad71-41f5-8949-ae262ae97824
|
multi
|
Definitive managenment in primary angle closure glaucoma: March 2005
|
Ans. C: Laser iridotomy Although intraocular pressure is only one of the major risk factors for glaucoma, lowering it various pharmaceuticals and/or surgical techniques is currently the mainstay of glaucoma treatment. A. Medications used for lowering intraocular tension: Prostaglandin analogs like latanoprost, bimatoprost and travoprost increase uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor. Bimatoprost also increases trabecular outflow Topical beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists such as timolol, levobunolol, and betaxolol decrease aqueous humor production by the ciliary body. Alpha2-adrenergic agonists such as brimonidine work by a dual mechanism, decreasing aqueous production and increasing uveo-scleral outflow. Less-selective sympathomimetics like epinephrine and dipivefrin increase outflow of aqueous humor through trabecular meshwork and possibly through uveoscleral outflow pathway, probably by a beta2-agonist action. Miotic agents parasympathomimetics like pilocarpine work by contraction of the ciliary muscle, tightening the trabecular meshwork and allowing increased outflow of the aqueous humour. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors like dorzolamide, brinzolamide, acetazolamide lower secretion of aqueous humor by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary body. B. Conventional surgery to treat glaucoma makes a new opening in the meshwork. This new opening helps fluid to leave the eye and lowers intraocular pressure. Canaloplasty is a nonpenetrating procedure utilizing microcatheter technology. By opening the canal, the pressure inside the eye may be relieved. Laser trabeculoplasty may be used to treat open angle glaucoma. It is a temporary solution, not a cure. Nd: YAG Laser peripheral iridotomy reduces the risk of developing an attack of acute angle closure. In most cases it also reduces the risk of developing chronic angle closure or of adhesions of the iris to the trabecular meshwork. It is mandatory after reducing the intraocular pressure in all eyes with any form of primary angle-closure glaucoma and also prophylactically in the unaffected eye. Diode laser cycloablation lowers IOP by reducing aqueous secretion by destroying secretory ciliary epithelium. Trabeculectomv allows fluid to flow out of the eye through this opening, resulting in lowered intraocular pressure.
| 3 |
Trabeculectomy
|
Surgical iridectomy
|
Laser iridotomy
|
Pilocarpine
|
Ophthalmology
| null |
29ce9cfd-d86a-4efc-93e5-27ccf32beed4
|
single
|
A 64-year-old man undergoes CEA surveillance for cancer, because his brother and father both had colon cancer. What information should he be provided?
|
CEA is useful in the follow-up care of patients with colon carcinoma after resection. The levels of this antigen usually come to normal after complete resection of the tumor. A subsequent elevation may suggest a recurrence of the tumor either at the resection margin or at distant sites. The sensitivity and specificity of CEA for diagnosis of colon carcinoma is poor. It has no implications for respectability of the lesion.
| 3 |
CEA is highly sensitive for diagnosis.
|
If CEA is elevated preoperatively, it implies unresectable disease.
|
Increases in CEA after resection may indicate tumor recurrence.
|
CEA is highly specific for the presence of colon cancer.
|
Surgery
|
Small & Large Intestine
|
3b549acc-9d1d-4197-b0b0-22afc4ed6563
|
multi
|
All are true about spermatocytic seminoma except:
|
Ans: a (3 types are there) Ref: Robbins, 7th ed, p. 1042Spermatocytic seminoma is a non seminomatous slow growing testicular tumour seen in old age. It does not have three types.Spermatocytic seminoma* Both clinically & histologically distinct from seminoma* Variant of germ cell tumour that do not arise from an intratubular germ cell neoplasia (other being teratoma in children)* Uncommon tumour 1 - 2% of all testicular germ cell neoplasms* Affected individuals over 65 yrs of age* S low growing tumour that rarely produces metastases* Excellent prognosis* Grossly spermatocytic seminoma tends to be larger than classic seminoma and presents with a pale grey soft cut surface, sometimes with mucoid cysts* Microscopy - 3 cell population all intermixedPathologic classification of common testicular tumoursGerm cell tumours (~ 95%)Nonseminomas* Spermatocytic seminoma* Embryonal carcinoma* Yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumour* Choriocarcinoma* TeratomaSeminomaOthers (5%)Sex cord / gonadal stromal tumorsTumors containing both germ cell & sexcord/ gonadal stromal elementsLymphoid & Haematopoeitic tumorsMiscellaneousLeydig cell tumorsGonadoblastomaLymphomaCarcinoidSertoli cell tumour LeukemiaAdenomaGranulosa cell tumour PlasmacytomaCarcinomaThecoma / fibroma Most of the germ cell neoplasm arise from intratubular germ cell neoplasia; exceptions are spermatocytic seminoma, dermoid cyst, epidermoid cyst, paediatric tumours like yolk sac tumour and teratoma (pgi june 2007)
| 1 |
Three types are there
|
Seen in 65 years of age group
|
Slow growing tumour
|
Clinically and histologically not related to seminoma
|
Surgery
|
Testis & Scrotum
|
76eb9735-fa50-46c7-917d-01abca9c1fcd
|
multi
|
Schedule of drug to be sold only on prescription is:
|
Ans. A. HCAScheduleContent1ASpecimens of forms2BFees of tests/analysis3CBiological special products4DExtent and conditions of exemptions regarding import5EList of poisonous medicine under Ayurveda6FRequirement for functioning of blood bank7GDangerous to take these drugs except under medical supervision8HPrescription drugs: drugs which must be sold by retail only when prescription by RMP is produced9HIDrugs and cosmetic (4th amendment) rules 2013 by MOHFW on 30 August 2013 to regulate sale of antibiotics10MGood Manufacturing practices11NMinimum equipment for efficient running of pharmacy12OProvisions applicable to disinfectant fluids13PLife period of drugs and condition of storage of drugs14QList of permitted dyes, colors, pigments15RStandard for condoms and other contraceptive devices16R1Standard for medical devices17SStandard for cosmetics18TGMP for Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani medicines19UManufacturing records20XList of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances21YRequirements and guidelines for permission to import/ manufacture new drugs or to undertake clinical trials
| 1 |
H
|
P
|
G
|
X
|
Pharmacology
|
General Pharmacology
|
6119366b-73e9-417d-b2a7-9a0307d42156
|
single
|
Internal podalic version is done in
|
Internal podalic version is done for only delivery of second twin (Transverse lie).
| 3 |
Complete breech delivery
|
Frank breech delivery
|
Delivery of aftercoming twin
|
Preterm breech delivery
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
4c9e60dd-28ea-48e8-a40c-4311354e7213
|
single
|
The complete genome sequence of M. tuberculosis comprises of which of the following?
|
The complete genome sequence of M. tuberculosis comprises 4043 genes encoding 3993 proteins and 50 genes encoding RNAs and its high guanine-plus-cytosine content (65.6%) is indicative of an aerobic lifestyle. Reference : Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Page 1340
| 1 |
4100 genes
|
3100 genes
|
2100 genes
|
1100 genes
|
Medicine
| null |
83a00867-ca87-4c90-bd45-53d922d7082b
|
single
|
Most common type of primary lymphedema is?
|
ANSWER: (B) Lymphedema precoxREF: Sabiston 18'h edition chapter 69, style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif"> primary_lymphedema.htm' The most common form of primary lymphedema is praecox, which accounts for about 80% of the patients. Congenital and tarda lymphedemas each account for the remaining 10%"
| 2 |
Lymphedema congenital
|
Lymphedema precox
|
Lymphedema tarda
|
None
|
Surgery
|
Miscellaneous (Lymphatic System)
|
0bb0f5eb-055c-4130-8182-37ad21971ab4
|
multi
|
Which of the following is not an enzyme inhibitor
|
Griseofulvin and chronic alcohol intoxication are enzyme inducers.
| 3 |
Isoniazid
|
Ketoconazole
|
Griseofulvin
|
Acute alcohol intoxication
|
Pharmacology
| null |
f96b91dd-0551-4792-8c1f-e564fdbc616a
|
single
|
PKU is a congenital amino acid metabolic disorder. In the following rare variants of PKU, dihydrobiopterin synthesis is affected. The enzyme deficient is
|
In Type 2 and 3 of PKU, there is deficiency of enzyme dihydrobiopterin reductase. Hence there is deficiency of dihydrobiopterin.Ref: DM Vasudevan - Textbook of Biochemistry, 7th edition, page no: 236
| 3 |
Histidine decarboxylase
|
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
|
Dihydropterin reductase
|
Tyrosine deficiency
|
Biochemistry
|
Metabolism of protein and amino acid
|
374c8275-2e81-42b8-86bd-460b098c70f3
|
single
|
Transovarian transmission is a feature of-
|
The causative agent of scrub typhus: Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. It is the larva that feeds on veebrate hosts and picks up the rickettsias. The larval stage serves as both as a reservoir, through ovarian transmission and as a vector for infecting humans and rodents (refer pgno 300 park 23rd edition)
| 1 |
Scrub fever
|
Epidemic typhus
|
Endemic typhus
|
Trench fever
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Epidemiology
|
c4f30e4b-2393-4ba3-846a-ef992864e8c1
|
single
|
A female patient with signs of meningitis and CSF showing gram positive coccobacilli, which is showing characteristic tumbling motility. Diagnosis is -
| null | 1 |
Listeria
|
Meningococcus
|
H. influenzae
|
Pneumococcus
|
Microbiology
| null |
78a56512-b91c-4828-9888-9d3b49a6925f
|
single
|
Pierre Robbin syndrome does not include
| null | 3 |
Hearing loss
|
Respiratory distress
|
Coloboma Iris
|
Mandibular dysplasia
|
ENT
| null |
83e839b0-31f0-4cab-bce8-ef2510561e6b
|
single
|
Defect in Menke disease:
|
MENKE DISEASE / kinky OR STEEL HAIR SYNDROME- deficiency of copper results in defective crosslinking of collagen and elastin by the copper-dependent enzyme lysyl oxidase. Defect in dietary absorption of copper Die with in 5 years of age Kinky hair and growth retardation. menke disease is X linked disease due to mutation in ATP 7 A gene. This gene is present on Xp 12-13.
| 2 |
Lysyl hydroxylase
|
Lysyl oxidase
|
Prolyl hydroxylase
|
Prolyl oxidase
|
Biochemistry
|
NEET 2019
|
f36b3977-516d-4155-8c16-ce54ebc040bc
|
single
|
A 70-year-old gentleman met with an accident, he was able to point to pain site and opens eyes when pinched, he is confused and not sure where he is now or how he met with an accident. What will be his minimum GCS
|
His GCS would be 11Glasgow Coma ScaleEyes open Spontaneously 4To verbal command 3To painful stimulus 2Do not open 1Verbal Normal oriented conversation 5Confused 4Inappropriate/words only 3Sounds only 2No sounds 1Intubated patient TMotor Obeys commands 6Localises to pain 5Withdrawal/flexion 4Abnormal flexion 3Extension 2No motor response 1Bailey and Love 26e pg: 312
| 1 |
11
|
10
|
9
|
8
|
Surgery
|
Trauma
|
4f0526cd-2fb8-4504-a8f8-c61168d0f0d3
|
single
|
Induction agent, having anti-emetic property is:
|
Propotol is used as induction agent, it cause decrease in blood pressure heart rate and vascular resistance. Nausea and vomiting is very rare (1 -2%), and less than with most other used agents.
| 4 |
Thiopentone
|
Methohexitone
|
Propanidid
|
Propofol
|
Unknown
| null |
2f3bd768-bed9-428a-a604-101e2f12bee8
|
single
|
Insulin mediated glucose transpo is seen in ?
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Adipose tissueInsulin stimulates the uptake of glucose by myocytes (skeletal muscle, cardiac muscles), adipocytes (adipose tissue) and hepatocytes. Tissues that do not depend on insulin for glucose uptake include brain, erythrocytes (RBC), the epithelial cells of kidney & intestine, Liver, and Cornea & lens of eye.The mechanism through which insulin increases glucose uptake is different in different tissues. In the muscle and adipose tissues, insulin increase facilitated diffusion by increasing glucose transpoer (GLUT4) on the cell membrane.In the liver, insulin stimulates glucose entry into hepatocytes indirectly by induction of glucokinase so that the glucose entering the liver cells is promptly conveed to glucose - 6 - phosphate (glucose trapping). This keeps the intracellular glucose concentration low and ours entry of glucose into the liver. Thus, though the liver do not depend on insulin for glucose uptake, insulin stimulates glucose entry into hepatocytes. That means glucose entery can occur in liver without the action of insulin, but this is facilitated by insulin. On the other hand, myocytes (skeletal and cardiac muslces) and adipocytes (adipose tissue) are dependent on insulin for glucose uptake.
| 1 |
Adipose tissue
|
Brain
|
RBC
|
Kidney
|
Physiology
| null |
325f6052-d7ab-4052-8c30-24f36802e372
|
single
|
What are the chances of veical transmission of Hepatitis B in women who are seropositive for both HBsAg and HBeAg ?
|
Ans:D.)90% Veical Transmission of Hepatitis B In patients with acute hepatitis B veical transmission occurs in up to 10% of neonates when infection occurs in the first trimester and in 80 -90% of neonates when acute infection occurs in the third trimester. In women who are seropositive for both HBsAg and HBeAg veical transmission is approximately 90%. 10-20% of women seropositive for HBsAg transmit the virus to their neonates in the absence of immunoprophylaxis. The increased risk of transmission with HBeAg positive status is due to high titres of HBV in these women.
| 4 |
25-30%
|
40%
|
60%
|
90%
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
9b2d40e5-57c1-4ed9-ba24-e9adf23840b9
|
multi
|
Which disease is transmitted by all the components of blood -
|
The malariaparasites enter that person's bloodstream and travel to the liver. When the parasites mature, they leave the liver and infect red blood cells.
| 1 |
Malaria
|
Syphilis
|
Toxoplasma
|
H. pylori
|
Pathology
|
miscellaneous
|
48ffa88f-0b74-47f6-ae21-53a1efc43a42
|
multi
|
Largest reserve of energy in body stored as
|
Fat (triglycerides) in the adipose tissues is the largest store of energy of the body.
| 3 |
Liver glycogen
|
Muscle glycogen
|
Adipose tissue
|
Blood glucose
|
Biochemistry
| null |
666656a2-c30f-4e33-8794-8036e056000b
|
single
|
The tendency of colonic carcinoma to metastasize is best assessed by
| null | 3 |
Size of tumor
|
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels
|
Depth of penetration of bowel wall
|
Proportion of bowel circumference involved.
|
Surgery
| null |
d1c00d3c-90e4-4681-be0b-c2e70ecba85e
|
multi
|
Disease associated with excessive maize diet -
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Pellagra o Excess of Leucine interferes in conversion of Tryptophan into Niacin, and aggravates the pallagrogenic action of maize.o Similar to maize, Jowar also contains excess of leucine.o Leucine interferes with conversion of tryptophan to niacin.o Pellagra has been reported in India in Telangana area of Andhra Pradesh because of Jower (Sorghum vulgare) consumption.
| 2 |
Wernicke's encephalopathy
|
Pellagra
|
Beri-Beri
|
Scurvy
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Vitamins
|
810b4f81-cb8b-40af-895e-dd4cd83ab4d6
|
single
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.