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Scientific Revolution Age of Reason Related people Clifford Dobell (Leeuwenhoek scholar) Brian J. Ford (Leeuwenhoek scholar) Galileo Galilei Regnier de Graaf Robert Hooke (author of Micrographia ) Nicolaas Hartsoeker Nicolas Steno Jan Swammerdam Johannes Vermeer Recognitions Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Ziekenhuis Leeuwenhoek (crater) Leeuwenhoek Lecture Leeuwenhoek Medal Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (journal) Leeuwenhoeckia Levenhookia Leeuwenhoekiella List of people considered father or mother of a scientific field 1 First observed, described, and studied by van Leeuwenhoek. Category v t e Optical microscopy Microscope Optical microscopy Illumination and contrast methods Bright-field microscopy Köhler illumination Dark-field microscopy Phase contrast Quantitative phase-contrast microscopy Differential interference contrast (DIC) Dispersion staining Second harmonic imaging (SHIM) 4Pi microscope Structured illumination Sarfus Fluorescence methods Fluorescence microscopy Confocal microscopy Two-photon excitation microscopy Multiphoton microscopy Image deconvolution Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF) Lightsheet microscopy (LSFM/SPIM) Sub-diffraction limit techniques Diffraction limit Stimulated emission depletion (STED) Photo-activated localization microscopy (PALM/STORM) Near-field (NSOM/SNOM) v t e Natural history Pioneering naturalists Classical antiquity Aristotle ( History of Animals ) Theophrastus ( Historia Plantarum ) Aelian ( De Natura Animalium ) Pliny the Elder ( Natural History ) Dioscorides ( De Materia Medica ) Renaissance Gaspard Bauhin ( Pinax theatri botanici ) Otto Brunfels Hieronymus Bock Andrea Cesalpino Valerius Cordus Leonhart Fuchs Conrad Gessner ( Historia animalium ) Frederik Ruysch William Turner ( Avium Praecipuarum , New Herball )
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John Gerard ( Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes ) Enlightenment Robert Hooke ( Micrographia ) Marcello Malpighi Antonie van Leeuwenhoek William Derham Hans Sloane Jan Swammerdam Carl Linnaeus ( Systema Naturae ) Georg Steller Joseph Banks Johan Christian Fabricius James Hutton John Ray ( Historia Plantarum ) Comte de Buffon ( Histoire Naturelle ) Bernard Germain de Lacépède Gilbert White ( The Natural History of Selborne ) Thomas Bewick ( A History of British Birds ) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck ( Philosophie Zoologique ) 19th century George Montagu ( Ornithological Dictionary ) Georges Cuvier ( Le Règne Animal ) William Smith Charles Darwin ( On the Origin of Species ) Alfred Russel Wallace ( The Malay Archipelago ) Henry Walter Bates ( The Naturalist on the River Amazons ) Alexander von Humboldt John James Audubon ( The Birds of America ) William Buckland Charles Lyell Mary Anning Jean-Henri Fabre Louis Agassiz Philip Henry Gosse Asa Gray William Jackson Hooker Joseph Dalton Hooker William Jardine ( The Naturalist's Library ) Ernst Haeckel ( Kunstformen der Natur ) Richard Lydekker ( The Royal Natural History ) 20th century Abbott Thayer ( Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom ) Hugh B. Cott ( Adaptive Coloration in Animals ) Niko Tinbergen ( The Study of Instinct ) Konrad Lorenz ( On Aggression ) Karl von Frisch ( The Dancing Bees )
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Ronald Lockley ( Shearwaters ) Topics Natural history museums ( List ) Parson-naturalists ( List ) Natural History Societies List of natural history dealers v t e History of biology Fields, disciplines Agricultural science Anatomy Biochemistry Biotechnology Botany Ecology Evolutionary thought Genetics Geology Immunology Medicine Model organisms Molecular biology Molecular evolution Paleontology Phycology Plant systematics RNA biology Zoology (since 1859) Zoology (through 1859) Institutions Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Laboratory of Molecular Biology Marine Biological Laboratory Max Planck Society Pasteur Institute Rockefeller University Rothamsted Experimental Station Stazione Zoologica Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Theories, concepts Germ theory of disease Central dogma of molecular biology Darwinism Great chain of being Hierarchy of life Lamarckism One gene–one enzyme hypothesis Protocell RNA world hypothesis Sequence hypothesis Spontaneous generation History Classical antiquity Aristotle Aristotle's biology On Generation and Corruption History of Animals Theophrastus Historia Plantarum Dioscorides De Materia Medica Galen Renaissance , Early Modern Conrad Gessner Historia animalium Andreas Vesalius De humani corporis fabrica William Harvey De Motu Cordis Frederik Ruysch Jan Swammerdam Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Marcello Malpighi Robert Hooke Micrographia Francesco Redi Evolution 19th century Linnaeus Systema Naturae Buffon Histoire Naturelle Lamarck Philosophie Zoologique Humboldt Charles Lyell Principles of Geology Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species The Descent of Man Gregor Mendel Alfred Russel Wallace Martinus Beijerinck Henry Walter Bates Modern synthesis William Bateson Theodosius Dobzhansky
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Genetics and the Origin of Species R. A. Fisher E. B. Ford J. B. S. Haldane Ernst Mayr Thomas Hunt Morgan George Gaylord Simpson Hugo de Vries Sewall Wright Recent Stephen Jay Gould W. D. Hamilton Lynn Margulis Aleksandr Oparin George C. Williams Carl Woese Microbiology Ferdinand Cohn Alexander Fleming Felix d'Herelle Robert Koch Louis Pasteur Lazzaro Spallanzani Sergei Winogradsky Develop. biol. , Evo-devo Karl Ernst von Baer Gavin de Beer Sean B. Carroll Scott F. Gilbert Walter Gehring Ernst Haeckel François Jacob Edward B. Lewis Jacques Monod Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard Eric Wieschaus E. B. Wilson Genetics , Molecular biology Experiments Griffith's (1928) Luria–Delbrück (1943) Avery–MacLeod–McCarty (1944) Miller–Urey (1952) Hershey–Chase (1952) Meselson–Stahl (1958) Crick, Brenner et al. (1961) Nirenberg–Matthaei (1961) Nirenberg–Leder (1964) People Barbara McClintock George Beadle Seymour Benzer Rosalind Franklin Photo 51 James D. Watson and Francis Crick " Molecular structure of Nucleic Acids " Linus Pauling " Sickle Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease " Fred Sanger Max Perutz John Kendrew Sydney Brenner Joshua Lederberg Walter Gilbert Kary Mullis Emmanuelle Charpentier Jennifer Doudna Ecology Rachel Carson Frederic Clements Charles Elton Henry Gleason Arthur Tansley Eugenius Warming Ethology Niko Tinbergen Karl von Frisch Konrad Lorenz Frans de Waal Jane Goodall Ivan Pavlov Related History of science Philosophy of biology Teleology Ethnobotany Eugenics History of the creation-evolution controversy Human Genome Project Humboldtian science
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Natural history Natural philosophy Natural theology Relationship between religion and science Timeline of biology and organic chemistry Category v t e Branches of biology Aerobiology Anatomy Astrobiology Biochemistry Biogeology Biogeography Biohistory Biomechanics Biophysics Bioinformatics Biostatistics Botany Cell biology Cellular microbiology Chemical biology Chronobiology Computational biology Conservation biology Cryobiology Cytogenetics Developmental biology Ecology Embryology Epidemiology Epigenetics Evolutionary biology Freshwater biology Geobiology Genetics Genomics Herpetology Histology Human biology Immunology Marine biology Mathematical biology Microbiology Molecular biology Mycology Neontology Neuroscience Nutrition Origin of life Paleontology Parasitology Pathology Pharmacology Phylogenetics Physiology Quantum biology Sociobiology Structural biology Systematics Synthetic biology Xenobiology Systems biology Taxonomy Teratology Toxicology Virology Virophysics Zoology See also History of biology Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Timeline of biology and organic chemistry v t e Microbiology : Bacteria Medical microbiology infection Coley's toxins Exotoxin Lysogenic cycle Pathogenic bacteria resistance Biochemistry and ecology Oxygen preference Aerobic Obligate Anaerobic Facultative Obligate Microaerophile Nanaerobe Aerotolerant Other Extremophile Human flora Gut Lung Mouth Skin Vaginal ( In pregnancy ) Placental Uterine Salivary Microbial metabolism Nitrogen fixation Microbial ecology Primary nutritional groups Substrate preference Lipophilic Saccharophilic Shape Bacterial cellular morphologies Coccus Diplococcus Bacillus Coccobacillus Spiral Structure Cell envelope Cell membrane Cell wall : Peptidoglycan NAM NAG DAP Gram-positive bacteria only: Teichoic acid Lipoteichoic acid Endospore Gram-negative bacteria only: Bacterial outer membrane Porin Lipopolysaccharide Periplasmic space Mycobacteria only: Arabinogalactan
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Mycolic acid Outside envelope Bacterial capsule Slime layer S-layer Glycocalyx Pilus Fimbria Non-motile bacteria Composite Biofilm Taxonomy Bacteria (classifications) Bacterial phyla Former groupings : Schizomycetes Monera Prokaryota Gracilicutes Firmicutes Mollicutes Mendosicutes Book Category Commons v t e Microbiology : Protistology : Protists Former classifications Protozoa Mastigophora/Flagellates Sarcodina/Amoeboids Testate Heliozoa Infusoria / Ciliates Sporozoa Algae Cryptogams Thallophytes Fungus-like organisms Slime molds Ambiregnal protists Morphology Archaeplastida Chloroplastida " green algae ": Phycoplast Phragmoplast Flagellar apparatus Glaucophytes : Cyanelles Phycobilisomes Red algae : Pit connection Phycobilisomes Hacrobia Cryptophyta : Mastigonemes Periplast Haptophyte : Coccolith Haptonema Stramenopiles General: Mastigonemes Diatoms : Frustule Brown algae : Lamina Pneumatocyst Alveolata General: Alveoli Trichocyst Dinoflagellates : Dinokaryon Dinocyst Theca Ciliates : Cilium Cirrus Macronucleus Micronucleus Apicomplexans : Rhoptry Apicoplast Microneme Rhizaria Phytomyxea Cruciform division Excavate Kinetoplastids : Kinetoplast Glycosome Euglenoidea : Periplast/pellicle Amoebozoa Dictyostelids : Macrocyst Sorocarp Opisthokonta Choanoflagellates : Collar of microvilli General Levels of organization Unicellular Monadoid Amoeboid Coccoid Colonial s.s. Colonial flagellated Tetrasporal/capsal/palmelloid Sarcinoid Coenobial Filamentous/trichal/ hyphal Parenchymatous Pseudoparenchymatous/plektenchymatic Membranous/thalloid/foliaceous Multinucleated Syncytial Coenocytic Siphonous Siphonocladous Multicellular s.s. / tissular /histonal Cell surface structures Simple cell membrane Mucilage Scale Frustule Cell wall Lorica Skeleton Test Theca Periplast/pellicle Locomotion Flagellum Cilium Pseudopodia Gliding motility Mitochondria Hydrogenosome Mitosome Nucleus Nucleomorph Multinucleate cells Plasmodium Dikaryon Heterokaryon Mitosis in protists Open Closed Orthomitosis Pleuromitosis Meiosis in protists Gametic Zygotic Sporic
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Other Cyst Cytostome Fimbriae Extrusome Contractile vacuole Eyespot apparatus Pyrenoid Axostyle Mastigont system Ecology and physiology Microbial ecology Microbial biogeography Baas-Becking hypothesis Development / Reproduction Life cycles Fertilization Nutrition: Autotrophy Phototrophy Heterotrophy Phagotrophy Osmotrophy Saprotrophy Parasitism Biotrophy Necrotrophy Mixotrophy Auxotrophy v t e Microbiology : Fungus Outline of fungi Branch Ethnomycology Lichenology Medicinal fungi Mycology Mycosis Mycotoxicology Structure Reproduction/ spore teleomorph/sexual : Zygospore Ascospore / Ascus Basidiospore / Basidium / Teliospore anamorph/asexual : Sporangium Conidium Chlamydospore Oidium Pycniospore Other Hypha Haustorium Mycelium Cell wall Sporocarp Growth patterns Dimorphic fungi Mold Yeast Mushroom List List of fungal orders List of mycologists List of mycology journals Category Commons WikiProject v t e Microorganisms Groups Archaea Bacterium Cyanobacteria Fungi Nanobacterium Prokaryote Protist Protozoa Virus Microbiology Microbial biogeography Microbial genetics Microbial intelligence Microbial metabolism Microbial phylogenetics Microbial population biology Mycology Virology Ecology Microbial cooperation Microbial biodegradation Microbial ecology Microbial food web Microbial loop Microbial synergy Host microbe interactions in Caenorhabditis elegans Techniques Dark field microscopy Impedance microbiology Microbial cytology Microbiological culture Staining Marine Marine microorganism Antarctic Hydrothermal vent microbials Marine microbial symbiosis Microalgae Microbial oxidation of sulfur Picoeukaryote International Census of Marine Microbes Human related Microbes in human culture Food microbiology Microbial oil Microbial symbiosis and immunity Nylon-eating Human microbiota asthma dysbiosis fecal Human Microbiome Project gut lung mouth skin vagina in pregnancy placenta uterus
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Protein production Other Deep biosphere Microbial dark matter Lines on the Antiquity of Microbes Microbially induced sedimentary structure Physical factors affecting microbial life Category Commons Authority control BIBSYS : 90230124 BNC : 000220454 BNE : XX1677812 BNF : cb12136216m (data) BPN : 38699952 CANTIC : a11211659 GND : 119188279 ISNI : 0000 0000 8150 9407 LCCN : n79083259 NDL : 00942625 NKC : nlk20000079350 NLA : 36555689 NLI : 000082188 NLP : A28106416 NTA : 068356439 SELIBR : 210384 SUDOC : 029815606 Trove : 1290031 VIAF : 71426018 WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 71426018 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw1310 Cached time: 20191224050238 Cache expiry: 86400 Dynamic content: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 1.400 seconds Real time usage: 1.937 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 6891/1000000 Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000 Post‐expand include size: 391340/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 9831/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/40 Expensive parser function count: 30/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 128468/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 3/400 Lua time usage: 0.700/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 10.75 MB/50 MB Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1611.284 1 -total 25.29% 407.561 2 Template:Reflist 18.03% 290.482 1 Template:Infobox_scientist 17.59% 283.493 1 Template:Infobox_person 17.46% 281.272 2 Template:Infobox 16.92% 272.705 27 Template:Navbox 12.19% 196.485 5 Template:Br_separated_entries 11.09% 178.679 7 Template:Cite_journal 10.53% 169.741 1 Template:Birth_date 5.48% 88.322 1 Template:Pp-vandalism Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:42001-0!canonical and timestamp 20191224050238 and revision id 929388181
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Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antonie_van_Leeuwenhoek&oldid=929388181 " Categories : Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 1632 births 1723 deaths 17th-century Dutch businesspeople 17th-century Dutch inventors 17th-century Dutch naturalists 17th-century Dutch people 17th-century Dutch scientists 18th-century Dutch people Age of Enlightenment Burials at the Oude Kerk, Delft Dutch Calvinist and Reformed Christians Dutch microbiologists Dutch naturalists Fellows of the Royal Society History of biology Microscopists Natural history Opticians People from Delft Protistologists Scientific instrument makers Scientific revolution Hidden categories: CS1 Russian-language sources (ru) CS1: long volume value Articles with short description Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages Use dmy dates from August 2019 Biography with signature Articles with hCards Articles with hAudio microformats All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016 Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018 Pages with missing ISBNs CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl) Articles with Project Gutenberg links Articles with Internet Archive links Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNC identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with BPN identifiers Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLI identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLP identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers
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http://web.archive.org/web/20190812193320id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_to_Kill_p0
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Hard to Kill - Wikipedia CentralNotice Hard to Kill From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search For the album by Gucci Mane, see Hard to Kill (album) . For the eSports/pro gaming team, see H2k-Gaming . Hard to Kill Theatrical release poster Directed by Bruce Malmuth Produced by Gary Adelson Joel Simon Bill Todman, Jr. Written by Steven McKay Starring Steven Seagal Kelly LeBrock Bill Sadler Frederick Coffin Music by David Michael Frank Cinematography Matthew F. Leonetti Edited by John F. Link Production company Lee Rich Productions Distributed by Warner Bros. Release date February 9, 1990 ( 1990-02-09 ) Running time 96 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $11.5 million [1] Box office $47.4 million Hard to Kill is a 1990 American action thriller film directed by Bruce Malmuth , and starring Steven Seagal , Kelly LeBrock , William Sadler , and Frederick Coffin . Seagal plays Mason Storm, a detective who falls into a coma after being shot during a fire-fight that killed his wife. Reawakening seven years later, Storm embarks on a journey to avenge the death of his wife, and expose the corruption of Senator Vernon Trent. Contents 1 Plot 1.1 Original ending 2 Cast 2.1 Principal cast 2.2 Supporting cast 3 Reception 3.1 Box office 4 See also 5 References 6 External links
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Plot [ edit ] In 1983, Mason Storm, a Los Angeles police detective, investigates a mob meeting that takes place by a pier. He records a shadowy figure who assures the mob they can rely on his political support. Storm is spotted, but escapes. Unaware that he is monitored by corrupt cops, Mason informs his partner, Becker and his friend Lt. O’Malley that he has evidence of corruption. While he goes shopping, a store is robbed, and one of the robbers shoots the clerk. Mason stops them and goes home, intent on celebrating with his wife, Felicia. Mason hides the videotape in his house. When he goes upstairs, a hit squad composed of corrupt policemen, including Jack Axel and Max Quentero, break in and proceed to murder Mason's wife and shoot him. Mason's young son, Sonny, hides until the danger passes then he runs away. The corrupt policemen frame Mason, making it look like a murder-suicide. At the same time, assassins kill Storm's partner. At the hospital, Mason is first pronounced dead, but is then discovered to be alive, although unconscious. To prevent the assassins from finishing the job, Lieutenant O'Malley tells the medics to keep Mason's status a secret. Seven years later, Mason wakes from his coma. Andy, one of his nurses, makes a phone call, which is intercepted by corrupt police officers. They send Axel to finish the job and kill the nurses to whom Mason might have talked. Mason realizes that he is still in danger, but his muscles have atrophied to where he can barely use his arms. He staggers to an elevator, and when Andy sees her co-workers killed, she helps Mason escape.
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Needing time to recuperate, Andy brings Mason to a friend's house, where Mason uses his knowledge of acupuncture , moxibustion and other meditation techniques to recover his strength. While training, Mason hears a commercial for Senator Vernon Trent and recognizes the voice from the pier. Mason contacts O'Malley, who supplies him with weapons and tells him that his son is still alive—O'Malley adopted Sonny and sent him to a private school so that he would be out of danger. After O'Malley leaves, Senator Trent's men find the house and attempt to kill Andy and Mason, but they both manage to escape. Posing as a real estate agent, Mason recovers the hidden videotape from his old house. He meets O'Malley in a train station, where O'Malley brings Mason's now-teenage son. They do not see each other, because as Mason arrives, O'Malley is already dead, having been shot by Max after giving the tape to Sonny for safe-keeping while having provided a distraction for him to get away. When Mason arrives, he sees Sonny running away from Quentero and Nolan. Mason catches up with the men, subdues Nolan by breaking his leg and throwing him in a trash bin. He then reaches Quentero before Sonny is grabbed, and the two fight one another. Mason beats up Quentero and recognizes him as one of the men who took part in the assault on Mason's home and the murder of his wife. Mason then proceeds to snap Quentero's neck, killing him and saving his son. Mason then goes after Senator Trent.
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At the Senator's mansion, Mason sneaks in and manages to eliminate the Senator's men one by one. Mason fights with Axel in the billiard room and avenges Felicia by jamming a piece of a pool cue into Axel's neck, killing him. Next, Mason leaves a death taunt to Capt. Hulland, another corrupt cop who betrayed Storm to Trent, and stalks Hulland through the house before cornering the corrupt captain near the fireplace. Mason then strangles Hulland with his necktie and breaks his neck, killing him. Mason finally confronts Senator Trent and holds him at gunpoint when the police storm the mansion. However, they reveal that they had already seen the film and knew that Mason was set up. Trent is arrested, and Mason is reunited with Andy and his son and walks off as the image from the videotape is played on the news, showing Trent coming out of the shadows briefly, wondering who is taping him. Original ending [ edit ] Originally, the movie ended with Mason actually killing Trent, and some time later Mason, Andy and Sonny attending a funeral for O'Malley. The theatrical trailer shows parts of the original ending. Cast [ edit ] Principal cast [ edit ] Steven Seagal as Mason Storm Zachary Rosencrantz as Sonny Storm Kelly LeBrock as Andy Stewart William Sadler as Senator Vernon Trent
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Frederick Coffin as Lt. Kevin O'Malley Supporting cast [ edit ] Andrew Bloch as Capt. Dan Hulland Branscombe Richmond as Max Quentero Charles Boswell as Jack Axel James DiStefano as Nolan Dean Norris as Det. Sgt. Goodhart Bonnie Burroughs as Felicia Storm Lou Beatty, Jr. as Carl Becker Nick DeMauro as Mr. Calabrese Nick Corello as James Valero Justin De Rosa as Mikey Stanley Brock as Counterman Larry Cedar as Bystander Evan James as Danny Tomas Trujillo as Shotgun Punk Geoffrey Ian Bara as Sonny Storm (age 5) Robert LaSardo as a Punk Ernie Lively as LAPD Captain Reception [ edit ] It holds a 33% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 12 reviews; the average rating is 3.7/10. [2] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A-" on an A+ to F scale. [3] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly rated it a letter grade of D− and called Seagal as generic an actor as the film. [4] In describing the film as "a lively one for its genre", Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote, "Mr. Seagal is effective for both his novelty value and his ability to be both literally and figuratively disarming." [5] Box office [ edit ] Hard to Kill debuted at number 1 at the box office [6] and grossed $47.4 million in the United States. [7]
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See also [ edit ] Cheetah (1994 film) Ram Shastra References [ edit ] ^ http://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/58536 ^ "Hard to Kill (1990)" . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved 2016-04-29 . ^ "CinemaScore" . cinemascore.com . [ permanent dead link ] ^ "Hard to Kill" . Entertainment Weekly . 1990-02-23 . Retrieved 2010-12-07 . ^ Maslin, Janet (1990-02-10). "Review/Film; Out of a Coma, Still Dapper and Disarming" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2010-12-14 . ^ Broeske, Pat H. (1990-02-13). "WEEKEND BOX OFFICE `Kill' Opens Big; `Cannons,' `Stanley' Fade" . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 2010-11-28 . ^ "Hard to Kill" . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved 2016-04-29 . External links [ edit ] Hard to Kill on IMDb Hard to Kill at AllMovie Hard to Kill at the TCM Movie Database Hard To Kill at the American Film Institute Catalog Hard to Kill at Box Office Mojo Hard to Kill at Rotten Tomatoes v t e Films directed by Bruce Malmuth Fore Play (1975) Nighthawks (1981) The Man Who Wasn't There (1983) Where Are the Children? (1986) Hard to Kill (1990) Pentathlon (1994) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw1275 Cached time: 20190812193321 Cache expiry: 3600 Dynamic content: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.272 seconds Real time usage: 0.412 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1644/1000000 Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000 Post‐expand include size: 27980/2097152 bytes
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Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages Català Deutsch Español Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Italiano Magyar Nederlands 日本語 Norsk Polski Português Русский Slovenčina Suomi Svenska ไทย Українська Edit links This page was last edited on 8 August 2019, at 20:17 (UTC) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Cookie statement Mobile view
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Texas (band) - Wikipedia CentralNotice Texas (band) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Texas Texas playing at Keroman fishing port in Lorient during the 2011 edition of the Festival Interceltique Background information Origin Glasgow , Scotland Genres Alternative rock pop rock Years active 1986–present Labels Mercury Vertigo PIAS BMG Associated acts Kizzy Star, Foregone Conclusion Website www .texas .uk .com Members Sharleen Spiteri Ally McErlaine Johnny McElhone Eddie Campbell Tony McGovern Michael Bannister Past members Stuart Kerr Richard Hynd Neil Payne Ross McFarlane Texas are a Scottish pop rock band from Glasgow . They were founded in 1986 by Johnny McElhone (formerly of the bands Altered Images and Hipsway ) and Sharleen Spiteri on lead vocals. Texas made their performing debut in March 1988 at the University of Dundee . They took their name from the 1984 Wim Wenders movie Paris, Texas . The band released their debut album Southside in 1989, along with the debut single " I Don't Want a Lover " which was an international hit, reaching the top ten in the UK and other high charting positions in Europe. Southside debuted at number three in the UK and number 88 on the US Billboard 200 album charts. Despite the success of Southside , the follow-up albums Mothers Heaven (1991) and Ricks Road (1993) were less successful, peaking at #32 and #18 respectively in the UK.
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The band's fortunes changed in 1997 with the release of their White on Blonde album which entered the UK Albums Chart at number one and became their biggest seller. To date it has been certified six-times platinum in the UK. [1] Follow up album, The Hush (1999) was also successful, debuting at number one on the UK album charts and certified triple platinum. The band's Greatest Hits album, released in 2000, was another big seller, again debuting at number one and also being certified six-times platinum. Texas would go on to release a further two studio albums, Careful What You Wish For in 2003, and Red Book in 2005, both of which were certified gold in the UK. After the release of Red Book and a tour to support the album's release, Texas went on hiatus. Lead singer Sharleen Spiteri launched a solo career, releasing her debut solo album, Melody , in 2008. As of 2017, Texas' sales were 40 million records [2] and they have had thirteen UK top ten singles, three UK number one albums and eight UK top ten albums, including their ninth studio album, Jump on Board which was released in May 2017, debuting atop of the Scottish Albums Charts and within the top ten in France, the United Kingdom and Belgium. [3] Contents 1 History 1.1 1989: Southside
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1.2 1991–92: Mothers Heaven 1.3 1993–94: Ricks Road 1.4 1997–98: White on Blonde 1.5 1999–2001: The Hush and The Greatest Hits 1.6 2003: Careful What You Wish For 1.7 2005–06: Red Book 1.8 2007–08 : The BBC Sessions and hiatus 1.9 2009–11: McErlaine's collapse and reunion 1.10 2013–17: The Conversation and Texas 25 1.11 2017–present: Jump on Board 2 Hiatus projects 3 Membership 4 Discography 5 Awards and nominations 6 References 7 External links History [ edit ] 1989: Southside [ edit ] Main article: Southside (Texas album) The band's debut single, " I Don't Want a Lover ", was released in January 1989. It reached No. 8 on the UK Singles Charts [4] and No. 77 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, as well as Top 40 positions in various countries worldwide. The band released their debut album, Southside , in March 1989, which charted at No. 3 on the UK Album Charts and was certified Gold by the BPI . However, three further singles from the album all failed to make the UK Top 40, with " Thrill Has Gone " reaching No. 60, " Everyday Now " faring little better at No. 44 (though reaching the Top 30 in France), and " Prayer for You " stalling at No. 73. [4] 1991–92: Mothers Heaven [ edit ]
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Main article: Mothers Heaven The band's second album, Mothers Heaven , was released in September 1991. It was preceded by the single " Why Believe in You ", but this failed to reach the UK Top 40 stalling at No. 66 on the UK Singles Charts. This did not bode well for the album, which itself peaked at No. 32 in the UK. A second single, " In My Heart ", fared worse and became Texas's lowest charting single in the UK, reaching No. 74, making it their fifth single in a row to failed to break the Top 40. A third single from the album, " Alone with You ", was released in January 1992 and reached No. 32, giving them their second Top 40 entry. Ironically, immediately following the disappointing performance of the album and its singles, Texas released a new cover version of the Al Green classic " Tired of Being Alone " in April 1992. The single, which was not included on the album, was more successful and returned the band to the UK Top 20, peaking at No. 19. 1993–94: Ricks Road [ edit ] Main article: Ricks Road Texas released their third album, Ricks Road in November 1993. It was preceded by two more Top 40 singles, " So Called Friend " (UK #30) and " You Owe It All to Me " (UK #39). The album peaked at No. 18 on the UK Album Charts. The music video for "You Owe It All to Me" was directed by Dani Jacobs , and was filmed in Arizona and features Spiteri and McErlaine filmed in the style of a road movie with the pair encountering another version of themselves along the way. A third single from the album, " So In Love With You ", reached No. 28 in the UK in February 1994.
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1997–98: White on Blonde [ edit ] Main article: White on Blonde Following an endorsement by then Radio 1 presenter Chris Evans on his Channel 4 show TFI Friday in 1997, Texas came back to the music scene with the international hit " Say What You Want ". The song was released internationally on 6 January 1997 and became the band's highest peaking single to date on the UK Singles Charts , reaching No. 3 in its second week of release. [4] In February, Texas released their fourth album, White on Blonde , which went on to become the band's most successful album to date. The album debuted at No. 1 on the UK Album Charts and returned to the top spot again six months later. It remained in the UK Top 75 for 91 weeks. [4] A total of five singles were taken from the album, all of which were top ten hits in the UK. " Halo ", released in April 1997, peaked at #10, " Black Eyed Boy ", released in July 1997, peaked at #5, and " Put Your Arms Around Me ", released in November 1997, also peaked at #10. [4] In 1998, the song was featured in the film Ever After: A Cinderella Story , starring Drew Barrymore . The band then released a double A-sided single of "Insane" along with "Say What You Want (All Day, Every Day)" - a new version of the first hit from the album but now with additional rap vocals from the Wu-Tang Clan . The single peaked at #4 in the UK.
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White On Blonde became the pinnacle of the band's success, and was certified 6 x Platinum by the BPI for UK sales in excess of 1.8 million copies. It was included in Q Magazine 's "50 Best Albums of 1997", and voted the 86th best album of all time by Q Magazine readers in 1998. It also ranked #34 in Q's "Best 50 Albums of Q's Lifetime", as well being included in Q's "90 Best Albums of the 1990s". Many years later in 2010, it was nominated for the BRIT Awards "Best Album in the Past 25 Years". 1999–2001: The Hush and The Greatest Hits [ edit ] Main articles: The Hush and The Greatest Hits (Texas album) In April 1999, Texas released the first single from their forthcoming fifth studio album. " In Our Lifetime " peaked at No. 4 on the UK Singles Charts and was also included on the Notting Hill film soundtrack that year. [4] [5] The band's fifth album, The Hush , was released in May 1999 and charted at No. 1 on the UK Album Charts in its first week of release. [4] A second single, " Summer Son ", was released in August 1999, reaching No. 5, the band's seventh UK Top 10 single at that point. A third and final single, " When We Are Together ", was released in November 1999 and narrowly missed the UK Top 10 (peaking at 12). The album was certified 3 x Platinum by the BPI for UK sales in excess of 900,000 copies.
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In October 2000, Texas released their first compilation album, The Greatest Hits . The album featured tracks spanning their career, from their 1989 debut to the current day and included three new songs. A new single, " In Demand " was released on 2 October 2000 and reached No. 6 in the UK, with a video that featured the actor Alan Rickman . When The Greatest Hits was released, it became the band's third consecutive album to debut at No. 1 in the UK. A second new single from the collection, " Inner Smile ", was released at the end of 2000, also reaching No. 6 on the UK Singles Charts . The video for "Inner Smile" featured a homage to Elvis Presley (and specifically his '68 Comeback Special shows) with lead singer Sharleen Spiteri dressed and made up to look like Elvis in his famous black leather suit. In July 2001, a remix of "I Don't Want A Lover" was released which made the UK Top 20. By this time, The Greatest Hits album had become a huge success and was eventually certified 6 x Platinum by the BPI for UK sales in excess of 1.8 million copies. The single "Like Lovers (Holding On)" was featured during the closing credits of the 2000 animated feature film Titan A.E and also appears briefly in one scene as background music. The song was included on the Titan A.E. soundtrack as well.
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2003: Careful What You Wish For [ edit ] Main article: Careful What You Wish For (Texas album) In September 2002, Spiteri gave birth to her daughter, Misty Kyd, although motherhood did not prevent her from working on another album. In October 2003, Texas released the first single from their upcoming sixth album titled " Carnival Girl " which featured rapping vocals by Canadian artist Kardinal Offishall . The song reached No. 9 on the UK Singles Charts . [4] Later that month, the album Careful What You Wish For was released. The album peaked at No. 5 on the UK Album Charts and was certified Gold by the BPI for sales of over 100,000 copies in the United Kingdom. [6] In December 2003, a second and final single was released from the album entitled " I'll See It Through ", though this peaked at a lowly No. 40 on the UK Singles Charts. [4] 2005–06: Red Book [ edit ] Main article: Red Book (album) The band returned in August 2005 with a new single " Getaway ", which peaked at No. 6, becoming the band's tenth UK Top 10 single. It was followed by another new single, " Can't Resist ", released in October 2005. The song reached No. 13 in the UK, and was followed by the band's seventh studio album, Red Book , released in November 2005. The album reached No. 16 in the UK Albums Chart, ending their run of Top 10 albums though was certified Gold by the BPI for sales of over 100,000 copies in the United Kingdom. [7] A third and final single from the album, " Sleep ", was released in January 2006 and peaked at No. 6 on the UK Singles Charts. The song featured vocals from Paul Buchannan from the Scottish band The Blue Nile and the video featured comedian Peter Kay . On 21 February 2006, a promo only single, "What About Us", was released.
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2007–08 : The BBC Sessions and hiatus [ edit ] Main article: The BBC Sessions (Texas album) On 24 September 2007 the band released The BBC Sessions , which included radio sessions spanning from 1989 to 2005, with extensive liner notes and interviews with Sharleen Spiteri. Cover songs include Elmore James 's " It Hurts Me Too ", The Beatles ' " I've Got a Feeling ", and Ashford & Simpson 's " You're All I Need to Get By ." In 2008, lead singer Sharleen Spiteri embarked on a solo career. Her debut album Melody was released in July 2008 and debuted at No. 3 in the UK. Spiteri's second solo studio album The Movie Songbook was released on 1 March 2010, and peaked at No. 13 in the UK. [8] 2009–11: McErlaine's collapse and reunion [ edit ] Texas performing live in July 2011 On 8 September 2009, bandmember Ally McErlaine was hospitalized after he collapsed with a massive brain aneurysm at the age of 40. [9] [10] [11] By February 2010, he was recovering well as reported by bandmate Sharleen Spiteri in The Sunday Mail : "Ally is the most stubborn person I have ever come across, and I think his sheer pigheadedness is the reason he's still here! When he asked what was happening with Texas, I said it was up to him. He told me he wanted to get back into the studio."
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After McErlaine survived his collapse - which kills in 80% of cases - Texas reunited for the first time since 2005. The band embarked on a tour in 2011 and lead singer Spiteri appeared on Popstar to Operastar on 12 June 2011 singing a version of the band's hit " Say What You Want ". [12] Prior to this, Texas had played at the Den Fynske Landsby Festival in Denmark . At the festival, they debuted a new track "The Conversation" which marked the first time the track has been played outside their native Glasgow . [13] Spiteri was also invited to make a series of cameo appearances at different events, all of which involved film scores. She sang Yvonne Elliman's " If I Can't Have You " for a Saturday Night Fever tribute concert and duetted with Italian singer Mauro Gioia on the "Love Theme from The Godfather". Spiteri said "That led to this [forthcoming Texas] album...But I don't see it as a covers album – I didn't want it to sound like karaoke." [14] 2013–17: The Conversation and Texas 25 [ edit ] Main article: The Conversation (Texas album) In February 2013, Music Week announced the band had signed a new record deal with PIAS Recordings and were to release their first new album since reuniting. [15] The Conversation was released on 20 May 2013. Physical formats included a single disc and double-disc deluxe edition. The latter featured a bonus disc entitled Live in Scotland . Also in 2013, a UK tour was announced and the album launched at two gigs, one at King Tut's Wah Wah Hut in Glasgow and the other at the 100 Club in London. Spiteri performed a cover of " River Deep – Mountain High " at these gigs as well as a selection of new tracks from The Conversation . Tracks are written mainly by Sharleen Spiteri and Johnny McElhone , with Richard Hawley and Bernard Butler as collaborators. The album's lead single of the same name joined BBC Radio 2 's playlist in April 2013 with two more singles, "Detroit City" and "Dry Your Eyes", following later that year. The album is certified Platinum in France and peaked at No. 4 on the UK Album Charts.
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In November 2014, Texas contributed to BBC Radio 2's Sounds of the 80s album with a cover of "Don't Talk to Me About Love" by Altered Images , a band which also included current Texas member Johnny McElhone in its lineup. To celebrate the band's 25th anniversary, it was announced that some of their biggest hits would be re-recorded for a new album entitled Texas 25 . [16] The collection features eight songs from the band's back catalogue completely reworked with the help of New York production team Truth & Soul , as well as four brand new songs, and was released on 16 February 2015. Deluxe packages include a second disc of the hits in their original form. The lead single, "Start a Family", premiered online on 6 January 2015. A music video followed, once again starring Alan Rickman who was previously featured in the video for "In Demand". [17] The band also embarked on a new UK tour throughout April and May 2015. [18] An Evening with Texas was a more intimate arrangement than previous shows and featured stories told by Sharleen from the band's 25 years together. 2017–present: Jump on Board [ edit ] Main article: Jump on Board The band released their ninth studio album, Jump on Board in May 2017 to critical acclaim, [19] with "Let's Work it Out" serving as the lead single from the new album. [20] Jump on Board performed well commercially in the band's native Scotland, debuting at number one on the Scottish Album Charts. [21] The album reached number one in France and performed well in the UK charts. [22]
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In support of the album, the band embarked on the Jump on Board Live Tour [19] world tour. Hiatus projects [ edit ] Main articles: Melody (Sharleen Spiteri album) and The Movie Songbook Lead singer Spiteri on 20 February 2011 After the release of Texas's 2005 album Red Book the band members confirmed that they would enter a hiatus. Spiteri performed as guest vocalist on Rammstein's "Rosenrot" album. She began work on her debut solo album, working with some of her former bandmates. She wrote the vast majority of the tracks on the album. She released her debut solo album Melody on 14 July 2008 with " All The Times I Cried " serving as the album's lead single. The song charted at No. 26 on the UK Singles Chart. Melody was proven popular in the United Kingdom, debuting at a high No. 3 on the UK Album Charts. In other European countries where Texas were popular like in Belgium, the album charted at No. 15 on the Belgium Flanders Charts and No. 13 on the Belgium Wallonia Charts. The song " Don't Keep Me Waiting " was released as a single in Switzerland only, in which it charted at No. 78 on the singles charts there. A further two singles were released worldwide, " Stop, I Don't Love You Anymore " and " It Was You " which were both unpopular in the United Kingdom, missing the UK Top 100, with "Stop, I Don't Love You Anymore" charting at No. 107 and "It Was You" at #178. By 2009, Melody has been certified Gold by the BPI (United Kingdom) with sales of over 100,000. [1]
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Spiteri released her second solo studio album The Movie Songbook which consists of movie covers chosen by Spiteri herself was released on 1 March 2010. [13] The album's lead single " Xanadu " was released in February 2010, and charted at No. 71 on the UK Singles Chart in March 2010. [8] As for the album, it charted at No. 13 on the UK Album Charts on 7 March 2010, thus becoming Spiteri's second UK Top 40 album as a soloist, and her seventh UK Top 40 album both as a soloist and a member of Texas. To promote the album, she performed in front of 55,000 fans supporting Paul McCartney on his Up and Coming Tour at Glasgow 's Hampden Park . In 2010, Spiteri was a judge on the Sky 1 reality show Must Be the Music . [23] Membership [ edit ] Current members Sharleen Spiteri – vocals, guitar (1988–present) Ally McErlaine – guitar (1988–present) Johnny McElhone – bass guitar (1988–present) Eddie Campbell – keyboards (1991–present) Tony McGovern – vocals, guitar (1999–present) Michael Bannister – keyboards (2005–present) Former members Stuart Kerr – vocals, drums (1989–1991) Richard Hynd – drums (1991–1999) Mike Wilson – drums (1999–2001) [24] Steve Washington – drums (2001–2003) Neil Payne – drums (2003–2006) Ross McFarlane – drums (2011–2019) Discography [ edit ] Main article: Texas discography
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Southside (1989) Mothers Heaven (1991) Ricks Road (1993) White on Blonde (1997) The Hush (1999) Careful What You Wish For (2003) Red Book (2005) The Conversation (2013) Texas 25 (2015) Jump on Board (2017) Awards and nominations [ edit ] Brit Awards Year Nominee / work Award Result 1998 White on Blonde MasterCard British Album Nominated Say What You Want Best British Single Nominated Themselves Best British Group Nominated 2000 Nominated 2001 In Demand Best British Video Nominated Ivor Novello Awards Year Nominee / work Award Result 1998 " Say What You Want " Most Performed Work Nominated " Black Eyed Boy " Nominated Themselves Outstanding Song Collection Won MTV Europe Music Awards Year Nominee / work Award Result 1999 Themselves Best UK & Ireland Act Nominated Music Week Women in Music Awards Year Nominee / work Award Result 2017 Sharleen Spiteri Inspirational Artist [25] Won NME Awards Year Nominee / work Award Result 2003 Sharleen Spiteri Sexiest Woman Nominated 2005 Nominated NRJ Music Awards Year Nominee / work Award Result 1999 Themselves International Duo/Group of the Year Won Q Awards Year Nominee / work Award Result 1999 The Hush Best Album Nominated Smash Hits Poll Winners Party Year Nominee / work Award Result 1989 Themselves Most Promising New Group Nominated References [ edit ] ^ a b [1] Archived 24 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine
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^ "ALBUM BIO: TEXAS – JUMP ON BOARD [LIBERATOR MUSIC/BMG] (OUT FRIDAY 21 APRIL 2017)" . Mushroompromotions.com . 31 March 2017 . Retrieved 7 April 2017 . ^ "TEXAS - full Official Chart History - Official Charts Company" . Officialcharts.com . Retrieved 2 April 2018 . ^ a b c d e f g h i "Texas - Full Official Chart History" . Official Charts Company . Official Charts Company . Retrieved 19 January 2016 . ^ "Notting Hill Original Soundtrack - Songs, Reviews, Credits" . AllMusic . Retrieved 19 January 2016 . ^ "Texas Gold Status (Careful What You Wish For)" . Bpi.co.uk . Retrieved 17 August 2011 . ^ "Texas Gold Status (Red Book)" . Bpi.co.uk . Retrieved 17 August 2011 . ^ a b "Sharleen Spiteri - Full Official Chart History" . Official Charts Company . Official Charts Company . Retrieved 19 January 2016 . ^ "Texas Guitarist suffering Critical after brain haemorrhage" . Daily Mail . UK. 2 February 2010 . Retrieved 17 August 2011 . ^ "Texas guitar player Ally McErlaine in hospital after fall in London" . NME . UK. 12 September 2009 . Retrieved 17 August 2011 . ^ "Texas Guatarist in critical conditions after brain hemorrhage" . Contactmusic.com . 12 September 2009 . Retrieved 17 August 2011 . ^ "Joy for Sharleen Spiteri as Texas reunite after guitarist wins fight for life" . The Daily Record . Retrieved 17 August 2011 .
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^ a b "Texas in Demand" . Sharleenspiteri.co.uk . Retrieved 24 April 2014 . ^ Thrills, Adrian. "Sharleen Spiteri leaves her Texas roots and looks to Hollywood for inspiration" . Mailonsunday.co.uk . Retrieved 17 August 2011 . ^ Hart, Tina. "[PIAS] set to release new Texas LP" . Music Week . Retrieved 23 April 2014 . ^ "Texas announce new album 'TEXAS 25 ' " . Music News. 27 November 2014 . Retrieved 7 January 2015 . ^ Lee, Ben (6 January 2015). "Texas unveil new single 'Start a Family ' " . Digital Spy . Retrieved 7 January 2015 . ^ Lee, Ben (9 September 2014). "Texas announce UK tour for April and May 2015" . Digital Spy . Retrieved 7 January 2015 . ^ a b "Texas - Jump On Board - THE NEW ALBUM" . Texas.uk.com . Retrieved 2 April 2018 . ^ "Thierry Henry stars in Texas music video...but why?" . Dailymail.co.uk . Retrieved 2 April 2018 . ^ "Official Scottish Albums Chart Top 100 - Official Charts Company" . Officialcharts.com . Retrieved 2 April 2018 . ^ [2] [ dead link ] ^ "Superstar trio to judge brand new show" . Sky 1 . Retrieved 17 August 2011 . ^ Alcaraz, Delphine Gayon & Bruno. "Texas On Line - The Myke's Page" . Balcar.free.fr . Retrieved 2 April 2018 .
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^ https://www.futureevents.uk/wim/allwinners External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Texas (band) . Official website Red Sky July Ally McErlaine's other group v t e Texas Sharleen Spiteri Ally McErlaine Johnny McElhone Eddie Campbell Tony McGovern Michael Bannister Ross McFarlane Stuart Kerr Richard Hynd Neil Payne Studio albums Southside Mothers Heaven Ricks Road White on Blonde The Hush Careful What You Wish For Red Book The Conversation Jump on Board EPs Everyday Now Compilations The Greatest Hits I Don't Want a Lover: The Collection The BBC Sessions Texas 25 Singles " I Don't Want a Lover " " Thrill Has Gone " " Everyday Now " " Prayer for You " " Why Believe in You " " In My Heart " " Alone with You " "Mothers Heaven" " Tired of Being Alone " " So Called Friend " " You Owe It All to Me " " So in Love with You " " Say What You Want " " Halo " " Black Eyed Boy " " Put Your Arms Around Me " " Insane " " In Our Lifetime " " Summer Son " " When We Are Together " " In Demand " " Inner Smile " " Guitar Song " " Carnival Girl " " I'll See It Through " " Getaway "
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" Can't Resist " " Sleep " "The Conversation" "Detroit City" "Dry Your Eyes" "Start a Family" "Let's Work It Out" "Tell That Girl" "Midnight" "Can't Control" Related articles Discography Sharleen Spiteri discography v t e Sharleen Spiteri Albums Melody The Movie Songbook Singles " All The Times I Cried " " Don't Keep Me Waiting " " Stop I Don't Love You Anymore " " It Was You " " Xanadu " Related articles Discography Texas Authority control BIBSYS : 6010019 CANTIC : a11451221 GND : 3043659-X LCCN : n92073560 MusicBrainz : 7289d10d-d8d2-41ff-8308-c56ec9346e07 NKC : xx0026452 VIAF : 294911721 WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 294911721 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw1262 Cached time: 20191214155832 Cache expiry: 2592000 Dynamic content: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.704 seconds Real time usage: 0.995 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3044/1000000 Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000 Post‐expand include size: 87824/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5536/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/40 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 68655/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Lua time usage: 0.316/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5.51 MB/50 MB Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 846.821 1 -total 40.22% 340.633 1 Template:Reflist 25.62% 216.960 22 Template:Cite_web 14.78% 125.181 1 Template:Infobox_musical_artist 12.80% 108.389 1 Template:Infobox 9.33% 78.977 1 Template:Commons_category 6.98% 59.131 1 Template:Commons 6.67% 56.518 1 Template:Sister_project
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6.66% 56.400 1 Template:Dead_link 6.57% 55.676 1 Template:Official_website Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:412899-0!canonical and timestamp 20191214155831 and revision id 914342763 Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Texas_(band)&oldid=914342763 " Categories : Musical groups from Glasgow Musical groups established in 1986 Brit Award winners British rock music groups Scottish rock music groups 1986 establishments in Scotland Culture in East Dunbartonshire 1986 establishments in the United Kingdom PIAS Recordings artists Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from August 2018 Use British English from August 2014 Use dmy dates from November 2011 Articles with hCards Commons category link from Wikidata Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page In other projects Wikimedia Commons Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version
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Languages Български Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Euskara Français 한국어 Italiano ქართული Latviešu Lietuvių Nederlands 日本語 Norsk Polski Português Русский Scots Suomi Svenska ไทย Українська Edit links This page was last edited on 6 September 2019, at 19:54 (UTC) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Statistics Cookie statement Mobile view
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LL Cool J - Wikipedia CentralNotice LL Cool J From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search LL Cool J LL Cool J receiving the 2017 Kennedy Center Honors Background information Birth name James Todd Smith Born ( 1968-01-14 ) January 14, 1968 (age 51) Bay Shore, New York , U.S. Origin Hollis, Queens , New York City Genres Hip hop Occupation(s) Rapper record producer actor author entrepreneur Instruments Vocals turntables Years active 1984–present Labels 429 Def Jam Violator S-BRO Website llcoolj .com James Todd Smith (born January 14, 1968), known professionally as LL Cool J (short for L adies L ove Cool J ames), [1] is an American rapper, record producer, actor, author and entrepreneur from Queens, New York . [2] With the breakthrough success of his hit single "I Need a Beat" and the Radio LP, LL Cool J became an early hip-hop act to achieve mainstream success along with Kurtis Blow and Run-D.M.C. LL Cool J has released 13 studio albums and two greatest hits compilations . His twelfth album Exit 13 (2008), was his last for his long-tenured deal with Def Jam Recordings . LL Cool J appeared in numerous films, including In Too Deep , Any Given Sunday , S.W.A.T. , Deep Blue Sea , Mindhunters , and Edison . He currently plays NCIS Special Agent Sam Hanna in the CBS crime drama television series NCIS: Los Angeles . LL Cool J also is the host of Lip Sync Battle on Paramount Network . [3]
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A two-time Grammy Award winner, LL Cool J is known for such hip hop hits as " Going Back to Cali ", " I'm Bad ", " The Boomin' System ", " Rock the Bells " and " Mama Said Knock You Out ", as well as R&B hits such as " Doin' It ", " I Need Love ", " All I Have ", " Around the Way Girl " and " Hey Lover ". In 2010, VH1 has placed him on their "100 Greatest Artists Of All Time" list. [4] In 2017, LL Cool J became the first rapper to receive the Kennedy Center Honors . [5] Contents 1 Early life and family 2 Musical career 2.1 1985–1987: Radio 2.2 1987–1993: Breakthrough and success 2.3 1993–2005: Continued success and career prominence 2.4 2006–2012: Later career and touring 2.5 2012–present: Authentic , G.O.A.T. 2 and future projects 3 Acting career 4 Other ventures 5 Political involvement 6 Legacy 7 Discography 8 Filmography 9 Awards and nominations 9.1 Music 9.1.1 Grammy Awards 9.1.2 MTV Video Music Awards 9.1.3 NAACP Image Awards 9.1.4 Soul Train Music Awards 9.1.5 Other Music Awards 9.2 Acting 9.3 Other honors 10 References 11 External links Early life and family [ edit ] James Todd Smith was born on January 14, 1968, in Bay Shore, New York to Ondrea Griffith (born January 19, 1946) and James Louis Smith, Jr, [6] also known as James Nunya. [7] [8] [9] According to the Chicago Tribune , "[as] a kid growing up middle class and Catholic in Queens, life for LL was heart-breaking. His father shot his mother and grandfather, nearly killing them both. When 4-year-old LL found them, blood was everywhere." [10] In an episode of Finding Your Roots , LL learned his mother was adopted by Eugene Griffith and Ellen Hightower. The series' genetic genealogist CeCe Moore identified LL's biological grandparents as Ethel Mae Jolly and Nathaniel Christy Lewis through analysis of his DNA. LL's biological great-uncle was hall of fame boxer John Henry Lewis . [6]
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He began rapping at the age of 9, influenced by the hip-hop group The Treacherous Three . In March 1984, sixteen-year-old Smith was creating demo tapes in his grandparents' home. [11] His grandfather, a jazz saxophonist, bought him $2,000 worth of equipment, including two turntables , an audio mixer and an amplifier . [12] Smith stated that "By the time I got that equipment, I was already a rapper. In this neighborhood, the kids grow up in rap. It's like speaking Spanish if you grow up in an all-Spanish house. I got into it when I was about 9, and since then all I wanted was to make a record and hear it on the radio." [12] This was at the same time that NYU student Rick Rubin and promoter - manager Russell Simmons founded the then-independent Def Jam label. By using the mixer he had received from his grandfather, Smith produced and mixed his own demos and sent them to various record companies throughout New York City, including Def Jam. [12] In the VH1 documentary Planet Rock: The Story of Hip Hop and the Crack Generation , LL Cool J revealed that he initially wanted to call himself J-Ski but did not want to associate his stage name with the cocaine culture (the rappers who use "Ski" or "Blow" as part of their stage name, e.g., Kurtis Blow and Joeski Love, were associated with the rise of the cocaine culture, as depicted in the 1983 remake of Scarface ).
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Under his new stage name , LL Cool J (an abbreviation for L adies L ove Cool J ames), [13] Smith was signed by Def Jam, which led to the release of his first official record, the 12-inch single " I Need a Beat " (1984). [11] The single was a hard-hitting, streetwise b-boy song with spare beats and ballistic rhymes. [11] Smith later discussed his search for a label, stating "I sent my demo to many different companies, but it was Def Jam where I found my home." [14] That same year, Smith made his professional debut concert performance at Manhattan Center High School. In a later interview, LL Cool J recalled the experience, stating "They pushed the lunch room tables together and me and my DJ, Cut Creator, started playing. ... As soon as it was over there were girls screaming and asking for autographs. Right then and there I said 'This is what I want to do'." [15] LL's debut single sold over 100,000 copies and helped establish both Def Jam as a label and Smith as a rapper. The commercial success of "I Need a Beat", along with the Beastie Boys ' single " Rock Hard " (1984), helped lead Def Jam to a distribution deal with Columbia Records the following year. [16] LL Cool J married Simone Smith in 1995; they have four children - Najee, Italia, Samaria and Nina. [17] [7] He eventually reconciled with his father. [ when? ] [10] [8]
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Musical career [ edit ] 1985–1987: Radio [ edit ] Radio was released to critical acclaim, both for production innovation and LL's powerful rap. [18] Released November 18, 1985, on Def Jam Recordings in the United States, [19] Radio earned a significant amount of commercial success and sales for a hip hop record at the time. Shortly after its release, the album sold over 500,000 copies in its first five months, eventually selling over 1 million copies by 1988, according to the Recording Industry Association of America . [20] [21] Radio peaked at number 6 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and at number 46 on the Billboard 200 albums chart. [22] It entered the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart on December 28, 1985, and remained there for forty-seven weeks, while also entering the Pop Albums chart on January 11, 1986, [22] remaining on that chart for thirty-eight weeks. [22] By 1989, the album had earned platinum status from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), with sales exceeding one million copies; it had previously earned a gold certification in the United States on April 14, 1986. [21] " I Can't Live Without My Radio " and " Rock the Bells " were singles that helped the album go platinum. It eventually reached 1,500,000 in US sales. [23] With the breakthrough success of his hit single "I Need a Beat" and the Radio LP, LL Cool J became an early hip-hop acts to achieve mainstream success along with Kurtis Blow and Run-D.M.C. . Gigs at larger venues were offered to LL as he would join the 1986-'87 Raising Hell tour , opening for Run-D.M.C. and the Beastie Boys. [24] Another milestone of LL's popularity was his appearance on American Bandstand as the first hip hop act on the show, [25] as well as an appearance on Diana Ross ' 1987 television special, Red Hot Rhythm & Blues .
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The album's success also helped in contributing to Rick Rubin's credibility and repertoire as a record producer. Radio , along with Raising Hell (1986) and Licensed to Ill (1986), would form a trilogy of New York City-based, Rubin-helmed albums that helped to diversify hip-hop. [26] [27] Rubin's production credit on the back cover reads "REDUCED BY RICK RUBIN", referring to his minimalist production style, which gave the album its stripped-down and gritty sound. This style would serve as one of Rubin's production trademarks and would have a great impact on future hip-hop productions. [28] Rubin's early hip hop production work, before his exit from Def Jam to Los Angeles, helped solidify his legacy as a hip hop pioneer and establish his reputation in the music industry. [28] 1987–1993: Breakthrough and success [ edit ] LL Cool J's second album was 1987's Bigger and Deffer , which was produced by DJ Pooh and the L.A. Posse . [29] This stands as one of his biggest-selling career albums, having sold in excess of two million copies in the United States alone. [30] It spent 11 weeks at #1 on Billboard ' s R&B albums chart. It also reached #3 on the Billboard ' s Pop albums chart. The album featured the singles " I'm Bad ", the revolutionary " I Need Love " - LL's first #1 R&B and Top 40 hit, " Bristol Hotel ", and " Go Cut Creator Go ".
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While Bigger and Deffer , which was a big success, was produced by the L.A. Posse (at the time consisting of Dwayne Simon, Darryl Pierce and, according to himself the most important for crafting the sound of the LP, Bobby "Bobcat" Ervin), Dwayne Simon was the only one left willing to work on producing LL Cool J's third album Walking with a Panther . [31] Released in 1989, the album was a commercial success, with several charting singles (" Going Back to Cali ," "I'm That Type of Guy," "Jingling Baby," "Big Ole Butt," and "One Shot at Love"). Despite commercial appeal, thealbum however was often criticized by the hip-hop community as being too commercial and materialistic, and for focusing too much on love ballads. [32] As a result, his audience base began to decline due to the album's bold commercial and pop aspirations. [33] According to Billboard , the album peaked at #6 on the Billboard 200 and was LL Cool J's second #1 R&B Album where it spent four weeks. In 1990, LL released Mama Said Knock You Out , his fourth studio album. The Marley Marl produced album received critical acclaim and eventually went double Platinum selling over two million copies according to the RIAA . Mama Said Knock You Out marked a turning point in LL Cool J's career, as he proved to critics his ability to stay relevant and hard-edged despite the misgivings of his previous album. [33] LL won a Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance in 1992 for the title track. The album's immense success propelled Mama Said Knock You Out to be LL's top selling album of his career (as of 2002) and solidified his status as a hip-hop icon. [33]
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1993–2005: Continued success and career prominence [ edit ] LL Cool J in 1999 After acting in The Hard Way and Toys , LL Cool J released 14 Shots to the Dome . The album had four singles (" How I'm Comin' ", " Back Seat (of My Jeep) ", the strangely titled " Pink Cookies in a Plastic Bag Getting Crushed by Buildings ”, “ Stand By Your Man ") and guest-featured labelmates Lords of the Underground on "NFA-No Frontin' Allowed". The album went gold. LL Cool J starred in In the House , an NBC sitcom, before releasing Mr. Smith (1995), which went on to sell over two million copies. Its singles included " Doin' It " and " Loungin ". Another of the album's singles, " Hey Lover ", featured Boyz II Men , and sampled Michael Jackson 's "The Lady in My Life"; it eventually became an early hip-hop music videos to air on VH1 . [ citation needed ] The song also earned him a Grammy Award . Yet another single from the album, "I Shot Ya Remix", included vocal work by Foxy Brown . In 1996, Def Jam released this "greatest hits" package, offering a good summary of Cool J's career, from the relentless minimalism of early hits such as "Rock the Bells" to the smooth-talking braggadocio that followed. Classic albums including Bigger and Deffer and Mama Said Knock You Out are well represented here. In December 1996 his cover of the Rufus and Chaka Khan song " Ain't Nobody " was included on the Beavis and Butt-Head Do America soundtrack & released as a single. [34]
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In 1997, he released the album Phenomenon . The singles included " Phenomenon " and "Father". The official second single from Phenomenon was " 4, 3, 2, 1 ", which featured Method Man , Redman & Master P and introduced DMX and Canibus . LL Cool J during a 2001 performance in Germany. In 2000, LL Cool J released the album G.O.A.T. , which stood for the "Greatest of All Time." It debuted at number one on the Billboard album charts, [35] and went platinum. LL Cool J thanked Canibus in the liner notes of the album, "for the inspiration". LL Cool J's next album 10 from 2002, was his 9th studio (10th overall including his greatest hits compilation All World), and included the singles " Paradise " (featuring Amerie ), " Luv U Better ", produced by Pharrell and the Neptunes, and the 2003 Jennifer Lopez duet, " All I Have ". The album reached platinum status. LL Cool J's tenth album The DEFinition was released on August 31, 2004. The album debuted at No. 4 on the Billboard charts. Production came from Timbaland , 7 Aurelius , R. Kelly , and others. The lead single was the Timbaland-produced "Headsprung", which peaked at No. 16 on the Billboard Hot 100. The second single was the 7 Aurelius –produced, "Hush", which peaked at No. 26 on the Billboard Hot 100.
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2006–2012: Later career and touring [ edit ] LL Cool J's 11th album, Todd Smith , was released on April 11, 2006. It includes collaborations with 112 , Ginuwine , Juelz Santana , Teairra Mari and Freeway . The first single was the Jermaine Dupri -produced "Control Myself" featuring Jennifer Lopez . They shot the video for " Control Myself " on January 2, 2006 at Sony Studios, New York. The second video, directed by Hype Williams , was "Freeze" featuring Lyfe Jennings . LL Cool J performing in Wilmington, Delaware in August 2008. In July 2006, LL Cool J announced details about his final album with Def Jam Recordings, the only label he has ever been signed to. The album is titled Exit 13 . The album was originally scheduled to be executively produced by fellow Queens rapper 50 Cent . [36] Exit 13 was originally slated for a fall 2006 release, however, after a 2-year delay, it was released September 9, 2008 without 50 Cent as the executive producer. Tracks that the two worked on were leaked to the internet and some of the tracks produced with 50 made it to Exit 13. LL Cool J partnered with DJ Kay Slay to release a mixtape called " The Return of the G.O.A.T. ". It was the first mixtape of his 24-year career and includes freestyling by LL Cool J in addition to other rappers giving their renditions of his songs. A track entitled "Hi Haterz" was leaked onto the internet on June 1, 2008. The song contains LL Cool J rapping over the instrumental to Maino's " Hi Hater ". He toured with Janet Jackson on her Rock Witchu tour, only playing in Los Angeles, Chicago, Toronto, and Kansas City.
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In September 2009, LL Cool J released a song about the NCIS TV series. It is a single and is available on iTunes . The new track is based on his experiences playing special agent Sam Hanna. "This song is the musical interpretation of what I felt after meeting with NCIS agents, experienced Marines and Navy SEALs ," LL Cool J said. "It represents the collective energy in the room. I was so inspired I wrote the song on set." [37] In March 2011 at South by Southwest , LL Cool J was revealed to be Z-Trip 's special guest at the Red Bull Thre3Style showcase. This marked the beginning of a creative collaboration between the rap and DJ superstars. The two took part in an interview with Carson Daly where they discussed their partnership. [38] Both artists have promised future collaborations down the road, with LL Cool J calling the duo "organic" [39] One early track to feature LL's talents was Z-Trip's remix of British rock act Kasabian 's single "Days Are Forgotten", which was named by influential DJ Zane Lowe as his "Hottest Record In The World" [40] and received a favorable reception in both Belgium and the United Kingdom. In January 2012, the pair released the track " Super Baller " as a free download to celebrate the New York Giants Super Bowl victory. The two have been touring together since 2011, with future dates planned through 2012 and beyond.
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2012–present: Authentic , G.O.A.T. 2 and future projects [ edit ] In June 2012, LL Cool J began work on his thirteenth studio album. Stating, "I'm going to be doing a little bit of the album on the [My Connect Studio], make sure that it is official." [41] On October 6, 2012, LL Cool J released a new single from Authentic Hip-Hop called "Ratchet". Following that, on November 3, 2012, LL Cool J collaborated with Joe and producers Trackmasters with his 2nd single, "Take It". LL Cool J has hosted the Grammy Awards Show for five consecutive years, from the 54th Grammy Awards on February 12, 2012, through the 58th Grammy Awards on February 15, 2016. On February 8, 2013, it was announced the album title would be changed from Authentic Hip-Hop to Authentic with a new release date of April 30, 2013, and a new cover was unveiled at the same time. [42] At around the same time, it was announced that LL Cool J had collaborated with Van Halen guitarist Eddie Van Halen on two tracks on the album. [43] [44] [45] On October 16, 2013, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame announced LL Cool J as a nominee for inclusion in 2014. [46] In October 2014, he announced his upcoming 14th studio album will be called G.O.A.T. 2 with a release window of 2015. [47] LL Cool J stated about the album "the concept behind the album was to give upcoming artists an opportunity to shine, and put myself in the position where I have to spit bars with some of the hardest rhymers in the game"; however, the album was put on hold. LL Cool J explained the reason for it, saying, "It was good but I didn’t feel like it was ready yet." [48]
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On January 21, 2016, LL Cool J received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . [49] In March 2016, LL Cool J had announced his retirement on social media, but quickly announced coming out of retirement and that another new album is on the way. [50] In July 2016, LL appeared on ABC's Greatest Hits . [51] In October 2018, LL Cool J was nominated for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . [52] Acting career [ edit ] While LL Cool J first appeared as a rapper in the movie Krush Groove (performing "I Can't Live Without My Radio"), [53] his first acting part was a small role in a high school football movie called Wildcats . [54] He landed the role of Captain Patrick Zevo in Barry Levinson 's 1992 film Toys . [55] From 1995-98, he starred in his own television sitcom, In the House . He portrayed an ex- Oakland Raiders running back who finds himself in financial difficulties and is forced to rent part of his home out to a single mother and her two children. [56] In 1998, LL Cool J played security guard Ronny in Halloween H20 , the seventh movie in the Halloween franchise . [57] In 1999, co-starred as Preacher, the chef in the Renny Harlin horror/comedy Deep Blue Sea . [58] He received positive reviews for his role as Dwayne Gittens, an underworld boss nicknamed "God", in In Too Deep . [59] Later that year, he starred as Julian Washington—a talented but selfish running back on fictional professional football team the Miami Sharks—in Oliver Stone 's drama Any Given Sunday . He and co-star Jamie Foxx allegedly got into a real fistfight while filming a fight scene. [60] During the next two years, LL Cool J appeared in Rollerball , [61] Deliver Us from Eva , [62] S.W.A.T. , [63] and Mindhunters . [64]
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In 2005, he returned to television in a guest-starring role on the Fox medical drama House ; he portrayed a death row inmate felled by an unknown disease in an episode entitled " Acceptance ". He appeared as Queen Latifah 's love interest in the 2006 movie Last Holiday . [65] He also guest-starred on 30 Rock in the 2007 episode " The Source Awards ", portraying a hip-hop producer called Ridikulous who Tracy Jordan fears may kill him. [66] LL Cool J appeared in Sesame Street ' s 39th season, introducing the word of the day--"Unanimous"—in episode 4169 (September 22, 2008) and performing "The Addition Expedition" in episode 4172 (September 30, 2008). [67] Since 2009, LL Cool J has starred on the CBS police procedural NCIS: Los Angeles . The show is a spin-off of NCIS , which itself is a spin-off of the naval legal drama JAG . LL Cool J portrays NCIS Special Agent Sam Hanna, an ex– Navy SEAL who is fluent in Arabic and is an expert on West Asian culture. The series debuted in autumn of 2009, but the characters were introduced in an April 2009 crossover episode on the parent show. [68] . In 2013 he co-starred as a gym owner in the sports dramedy Grudge Match . [69] Since April 2015, LL has hosted the show Lip Sync Battle . [70]
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Other ventures [ edit ] LL Cool J worked behind the scenes with the mid-1980s hip-hop sportswear line TROOP. [71] LL Cool J launched a clothing line (called "Todd Smith"). [72] The brand produces popular urban apparel. Designs include influences from LL's lyrics and tattoos, as well as from other icons in the hip-hop community. [73] LL Cool J has written four books, including 1998's I Make My Own Rules , an autobiography cowritten with Karen Hunter . His second book was the children-oriented book called And The Winner Is... published in 2002. In 2006, LL Cool J and his personal trainer, Dave "Scooter" Honig, wrote a fitness book titled The Platinum Workout . His fourth book, LL Cool J (Hip-Hop Stars) was cowritten in 2007 with hip-hop historian Dustin Shekell and Public Enemy's Chuck D. LL Cool J started his own businesses in the music industry such as the music label in 1993 called P.O.G. (Power Of God) and formed the company Rock The Bells to produce music. With the Rock The Bells label, he had artists such as Amyth , [74] Smokeman, Natice, Chantel Jones and Simone Starks. Rock the Bells Records was also responsible for the Deep Blue Sea soundtrack for the 1999 movie of the same name. Rufus "Scola" Waller was also signed to the label, but was released when the label folded. [75]
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LL Cool J founded and launched Boomdizzle.com, a record label / social networking site launched in September 2008. The website accepts music uploads from aspiring artists, primarily from the hip-hop genre, and the site's users rate songs through contests, voting, and other community events. [76] In March 2015 LL Cool J also appeared in an introduction to Wrestlemania 31 . [77] Political involvement [ edit ] In 2002, LL Cool J supported George Pataki 's bid for a third term as Governor of New York. [78] In 2003, LL Cool J spoke in support of P2P file-sharing at a U.S. Senate Committee hearing, stating that he wished "music could be downloaded legitimately." [79] He also voiced his support for New York State Senator Malcolm Smith , a Democrat, during an appearance on the senator's local television show; [80] he worked with Smith in putting on the annual Jump and Ball Tournament in the rapper's childhood neighborhood of St. Albans, Queens. [81] In a February 10, 2012 televised interview with CNN host Piers Morgan , LL Cool J expressed sympathy for President Obama and ascribed negative impressions of his leadership to Republican obstruction designed to "make it look like you have a coordination problem." He was quick to add that no one "should assume that I'm a Democrat either. I'm an Independent, you know?" [82] In LL Cool J's Platinum 360 Diet and Lifestyle , he included Barack Obama in a list of people he admired, stating that Obama had "accomplished what people thought was impossible." [83]
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Legacy [ edit ] With the breakthrough success of his hit single "I Need a Beat" and the Radio LP, LL Cool J became an early hip-hop acts to achieve mainstream success along with Kurtis Blow and Run-D.M.C. . Gigs at larger venues were offered to LL as he would join the 1986-'87 Raising Hell tour , opening for Run-D.M.C. and the Beastie Boys. [24] Another milestone of LL's popularity was his appearance on American Bandstand as the first hip hop act on the show. [25] The album's success also helped in contributing to Rick Rubin's credibility and repertoire as a record producer. Radio , along with Raising Hell (1986) and Licensed to Ill (1986), would form a trilogy of New York City-based, Rubin-helmed albums that helped to diversify hip-hop. [26] [27] Rubin's production credit on the back cover reads "REDUCED BY RICK RUBIN", referring to his minimalist production style, which gave the album its stripped-down and gritty sound. This style would serve as one of Rubin's production trademarks and would have a great impact on future hip-hop productions. [28] Rubin's early hip hop production work, before his exit from Def Jam to Los Angeles, helped solidify his legacy as a hip hop pioneer and establish his reputation in the music industry. [28] Radio ' s release coincided with the growing new school scene and subculture , which also marked the beginning of hip-hop's "golden age" and the replacement of old school hip hop . [84] This period of hip hop was marked by the end of the disco rap stylings of old school, which had flourished prior to the mid-1980s, and the rise of a new style featuring " ghetto blasters ". Radio served as one of the earliest records, along with Run-D.M.C.'s debut album , to combine the vocal approach of hip hop and rapping with the musical arrangements and riffing sound of rock music , pioneering the rap rock hybrid sound. [85]
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The emerging new school scene was initially characterized by drum machine -led minimalism, often tinged with elements of rock, as well as boasts about rapping delivered in an aggressive, self-assertive style. In image as in song, the artists projected a tough, cool, street b-boy attitude. These elements contrasted sharply with the 1970s P-Funk and disco -influenced outfits, live bands, synthesizers and party rhymes of acts prevalent in 1984, rendering them old school. [86] In contrast to the lengthy, jam -like form predominant throughout early hip hop (" King Tim III ", " Rapper's Delight ", " The Breaks "), new school artists tended to compose shorter songs that would be more accessible and had potential for radio play , and conceive more cohesive LPs than their old school counterparts; the style typified by LL Cool J's Radio . [87] A leading example of the new school sound is the song "I Can't Live Without My Radio", a loud, defiant declaration of public loyalty to his boom box, which The New York Times described as "quintessential rap in its directness, immediacy and assertion of self". [12] It was featured in the film Krush Groove (1985), which was based on the rise of Def Jam and new school acts such as Run-D.M.C. and the Fat Boys . [88] The energy and hardcore delivery and musical style of rapping featured on Radio , as well as other new school recordings by artists such as Run-D.M.C., Schooly D , T La Rock and Steady B , proved to be influential to hip hop acts of the "golden age" such as Boogie Down Productions and Public Enemy . [89] The decline of the old school form of hip hop also led to the closing of Sugar Hill Records , one of the labels that helped contribute to early hip-hop and that, coincidently, rejected LL's demo tape. [90] As the album served as an example of an expansion of hip hop music's artistic possibilities, its commercial success and distinct sound soon led to an increase in multi-racial audiences and listeners, adding to the legacy of the album and hip hop as well. [85] [91]
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In 2017, LL Cool J became the first rapper to receive Kennedy Center Honors . [5] Discography [ edit ] Main article: LL Cool J discography Studio albums Radio (1985) Bigger and Deffer (1987) Walking with a Panther (1989) Mama Said Knock You Out (1990) 14 Shots to the Dome (1993) Mr. Smith (1995) Phenomenon (1997) G.O.A.T. (2000) 10 (2002) The DEFinition (2004) Todd Smith (2006) Exit 13 (2008) Authentic (2013) Filmography [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes 1985 Krush Groove Himself 1986 Big Fun In The Big Town In this Dutch TV documentary LL Cool J is one of the many hip-hop artists being interviewed. He was very young at the time of recording, and still lived at his grandmother's house. Wildcats Rapper 1991 The Hard Way Detective Billy, NYPD 1992 Toys Captain Patrick Zevo 1993 The Adventures of Pete & Pete Pete's Teacher 1995 Out-of-Sync Jason St. Julian 1995–99 In The House Marion Hill 1997 B*A*P*S Himself 1998 Caught Up Roger All That Himself Oz Jiggy Walker Woo Darryl Halloween H20: 20 Years Later Ronald "Ronny" Jones 1999 Deep Blue Sea Sherman "Preacher" Dudley In Too Deep Dwayne Keith "God" Gittens Any Given Sunday Julian "J-Man" Washington 2000 Charlie's Angels Mr. Jones 2001 Kingdom Come Ray Bud Slocumb 2002 Rollerball Marcus Ridley 2002 WWE SmackDown Himself 2003 Deliver Us from Eva
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Raymond "Ray" Adams S.W.A.T. Officer Deacon "Deke" Kaye 2004 Mindhunters Gabe Jensen 2005 Edison Officer Rafe Deed Slow Burn Luther Pinks House Clarence Episode: "Acceptance" (Season 2; episode 1) 2006 Last Holiday Sean Williams 2007 The Man Manny Baxter 30 Rock Ridikolus 2008 The Deal Bobby Mason 2009 WWII in HD Shelby Westbrook [92] Voice NCIS Special Agent Sam Hanna [93] [93] 2 episodes 2009–present NCIS: Los Angeles Sam Hanna 2009–11 The Electric Company Himself 2011 Sesame Street 2012 Hawaii Five-0 Special Agent Sam Hanna Crossover episode: "Pa Make Loa" 54th Annual Grammy Awards Host TV Special 2013 55th Annual Grammy Awards Grudge Match Frankie Brite 2014 56th Annual Grammy Awards Host TV Special 2015 57th Annual Grammy Awards 2015–present Lip Sync Battle [94] TV Series on Spike 2016 58th Annual Grammy Awards TV Special 2017 American Dad! Sam Hanna Awards and nominations [ edit ] Music [ edit ] Grammy Awards [ edit ] Year Nominated work Award Result Ref 1989 "Going Back To Cali" Best Rap Performance Nominated [95] 1992 "Mama Said Knock You Out" Best Rap Solo Performance Won [96] 1993 "Strictly Business" Nominated [97] 1994 "Stand By Your Man" Nominated [98] 1997 "Hey Lover" Won [99] 1997 Mr. Smith Best Rap Album Nominated [99] 1998 "Ain't Nobody" Best Rap Solo Performance Nominated [100] 2004 "Luv U Better"
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Best Rap/Sung Collaboration Nominated [101] 2005 The DEFinition Best Rap Album Nominated [102] MTV Video Music Awards [ edit ] Year Nominated work Award Result Ref 1991 " Mama Said Knock You Out " Best Rap Video Won [103] Best Cinematography in a Video Nominated [103] 1996 " Doin' It " Best Rap Video Nominated [104] 1997 Lifetime Achievement Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award Won [105] NAACP Image Awards [ edit ] Year Nominated Work Category Result Ref 1996 Mr. Smith Best Rap Artist Won [106] 1997 Phenomenon Best Rap Artist Won 2001 G.O.A.T. Outstanding Hip-Hop/Rap Artist Won [107] 2003 10 Outstanding Male Artist Won [108] Soul Train Music Awards [ edit ] Year Nominated Work Category Result Ref 1987 Radio Best Rap Album Nominated [109] 1988 Bigger and Deffer Best Rap Album Won [110] "I Need Love" Best Rap Single Won [111] 1991 Mama Said Knock You Out Best Rap Album Nominated [112] 2003 10 Best R&B/Soul or Rap Album of the Year Nominated [113] Outstanding Career Achievements in the Field of Entertainment Quincy Jones Award Won [114] 2005 "Headsprung" Best R&B/Soul or Rap Dance Cut Nominated [115] Other Music Awards [ edit ] 1991 – Billboard Top Rap Singles Artist [116] 1997 – Patrick Lippert Award, Rock The Vote [117] 2007 – Long Island Music Hall of Fame , Inducted as part of the Inaugural Class of Inductees for his contribution to Long Island's rich musical heritage [118]
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2011 – BET Hip Hop Awards , Honored with the I Am Hip Hop Award for his contributions to hip-hop culture [119] Acting [ edit ] Year Award Category Work Result Ref 1996 NAACP Image Awards Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series In the House Nominated [106] 1997 Kids' Choice Awards Favorite Television Actor Nominated [ citation needed ] 1998 NAACP Image Awards Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series Nominated [120] 2000 Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture Deep Blue Sea Nominated [121] Blockbuster Entertainment Award Favorite Supporting Actor – Action Won [122] 2004 Black Reel Awards Best Actor Deliver Us from Eva Nominated [123] 2006 Teen Choice Awards Award for Choice Movie: Liplock (shared with Queen Latifah) Last Holiday Nominated [124] 2011 NAACP Image Awards Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series NCIS: Los Angeles Won [125] Teen Choice Awards Choice TV Actor: Action Nominated [126] 2012 NAACP Image Awards Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series Won [127] Teen Choice Awards Choice TV Actor: Action Nominated [128] Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Special Class Programs The 54th Annual Grammy Awards Nominated [129] 2013 NAACP Image Awards Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series NCIS: Los Angeles Won [130] Teen Choice Awards Choice TV Actor: Action Won [131] 2014 NAACP Image Awards Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series Won [132] Prism Awards
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Male Performance in a Drama Series Multi-Episode Storyline Nominated [133] 2015 NAACP Image Awards Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series Nominated [134] 2016 Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series Nominated [135] Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Structured Reality Program Lip Sync Battle Nominated [136] People's Choice Awards Favorite TV Crime Drama Actor NCIS: Los Angeles Nominated [137] 2017 Favorite TV Crime Drama Actor Nominated [138] Other honors [ edit ] 1988 - Enstooled as Kwasi Achi-Bru , a chieftain of the Akan people , in Abidjan, Ivory Coast 2003 – Source Foundation Image Award , for "his community work" 2013 – A New York City double decker tour bus was dedicated to LL Cool J and his life's work [139] 2014 – Honorary Doctor of Arts, Northeastern University , for his contributions to hip-hop culture [140] 2016 – LL Cool J was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk Of Fame. [141] 2017 - first hip hop artist to receive a Kennedy Center Honor References [ edit ] ^ CBS (September 12, 2008). "There's No Doubt 'Ladies Love Cool James ' " . CBS News . Retrieved May 20, 2009 . ^ Farber, Jim (October 24, 2010). "Your nabe: A guide to the hip hop haven of Hollis, Queens" . NY Daily News . Retrieved February 20, 2019 . ^ "Lip Sync Battle | Paramount Network" . paramountnetwork.com .
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^ "VH1 100 Greatest Artists Of All Time" . Stereogum . Retrieved July 1, 2016 . ^ a b "LL Cool J to Become Kennedy Center's First Hip-Hop Honoree" . ^ a b Finding Your Roots . Season 3. Episode 27. February 16, 2016. Public Broadcasting Station . |access-date= requires |url= ( help ) ^ a b Schneider, Karen (February 13, 2003). "Hip Pop" . People.com . Retrieved August 5, 2018 . ^ a b Twitter.com https://twitter.com/llcoolj/status/251558465821106176?lang=en . Retrieved August 5, 2018 . Missing or empty |title= ( help ) ^ "LL Cool J forgives dad for shooting mother" . Hollywood.com . January 28, 2013 . Retrieved August 5, 2018 . ^ a b Wiltz, Teresa (September 19, 1997). "Rapper Ll Cool J Puts Wild Days, Demons Behind Him" . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved August 5, 2018 . ^ a b c "MTV.com - LL Cool J Bio" . MTV Networks. Archived from the original on May 15, 2008 . Retrieved June 24, 2008 . ^ a b c d Holden, Stephen. "From Rock To Rap" Archived December 5, 2008, at the Wayback Machine , New York Times , April 26, 1987. Retrieved on November 16, 2008. ^ "Acronyms and abbreviations by the Free Online Dictionary" . Farlex, Inc . Retrieved July 1, 2008 . ^ "Def Jam Recordings - LL Cool J Biography" . The Island Def Jam Music Group. Archived from the original on April 29, 2008 . Retrieved May 25, 2008 .
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^ "LL Cool J bio: Edison Force ActorTribute.ca..." Tribute Entertainment Media Group . Retrieved June 24, 2008 . ^ "Address Island / Def Jam Records ... Def Jam history" . GoDaddy.com, Inc. Archived from the original on July 24, 2008 . Retrieved June 24, 2008 . ^ Weigle, Lauren (December 26, 2017). "LL Cool J's Kids With Wife Simone Smith" . Heavy.com . Retrieved March 31, 2018 . ^ Hirschber Lynn (September 2, 2007). "The Music Man" . New York Times Magazine . ^ "LL Cool J career discography at HeadSprung.net" . Headsprung.net. Archived from the original on July 24, 2008 . Retrieved June 24, 2008 . ^ George (2000), pp. 1-4. ^ a b "RIAA searchable database" . Recording Industry Association of America. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015 . Retrieved June 19, 2008 . ^ a b c "Billboard Music Charts - Search Results - LL Cool J Radio" . Nielsen Business Media, Inc . Retrieved August 4, 2008 . [ dead link ] ^ Chris Harris (April 19, 2006). "LL Cool J Can't Knock Out Billboard Champs" . MTV. ^ a b "Biography and other information at Askmen.com" . IGN Entertainment, Inc. Archived from the original on July 20, 2008 . Retrieved June 24, 2008 . ^ a b "Career overview at McgillisMusic" . World Wide Entertainment USA, Inc. Archived from the original on April 12, 2008 . Retrieved June 24, 2008 .
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^ a b " Radio cd product notes" . Muze Inc. Archived from the original on July 13, 2010 . Retrieved June 19, 2008 . ^ a b "Kurtis Blow Presents: The History Of Rap, Vol. 1: The Genesis" . Rhino Entertainment. Archived from the original on September 16, 2011 . Retrieved June 24, 2008 . ^ a b c d "About.com ... Rick Rubin's Style and Approach" . The New York Times Company . Retrieved June 24, 2008 . ^ Stephen Thomas Erlewine . "DJ Pooh | Biography" . AllMusic . Retrieved April 19, 2014 . ^ "US Certifications" . Recording Industry Association of America . Retrieved January 17, 2015 . ^ The Rap Talk Crew. "A historic sit-down with Bobcat" . Rap Talk Magazine. Archived from the original on August 10, 2011 . Retrieved October 25, 2010 . ^ Huey, Steve. "Walking with a Panther: Review" . AllMusic . Retrieved December 23, 2009 . ^ a b c All Music Guide to Rock: The Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul . Backbeat Books. 2002. p. 664. ISBN 087930653X . ^ "Beavis and Butt-Head Do America - Original Soundtrack" . Allmusic.com . ^ "Biography – LL Cool J" . Billboard . Retrieved March 24, 2011 . ^ Moss, Corey (July 5, 2006). "50 Cent, LL Cool J Teaming Up For LP – News Story Music, Celebrity, Artist News | MTV News" . Mtv . Retrieved March 24, 2011 .
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^ Adam Bryant (September 16, 2010). "VIDEO: Check out LL Cool J's New NCIS:LA-Inspired Song" . TVGuide.com . Retrieved September 16, 2010 . ^ Daly, Carson. "Last Call" . NBC. Archived from the original on June 2, 2013 . Retrieved May 14, 2012 . ^ Freedman, Pete (March 20, 2011). "SXSW Interview: LL Cool J and Z-Trip Talk About Their Collaboration, Their High Esteem For The Hip-Hop "Blueprint" and Their Thoughts On Rap's Up-And-Coming Talent" . Dallas Observer . Retrieved May 15, 2012 . ^ Lowe, Zane. "Hottest Record - Kasabian - Days Are Forgotten (LL Cool J Remix)" . BBC . Retrieved May 15, 2012 . ^ JP DelaCuesta (June 26, 2012). "AHH Stray News: LL Cool J Working On New Album; Childish Gambino Announces Mixtape Date; Romeo In Talks To Join "Hunger Games" Sequel" . AllHipHop.com . Retrieved December 14, 2012 . ^ Horowitz, Steven J. (February 14, 2013). "LL Cool J Announces "Authentic" Release Date & Tracklist | Get The Latest Hip Hop News, Rap News & Hip Hop Album Sales" . HipHop DX . Retrieved May 2, 2013 . ^ "LL Cool J On Eddie Van Halen Collabo: "Now He's Officially Done Hip-Hop " " . Retrieved June 30, 2016 . ^ "Eddie Van Halen Teams Up With LL Cool J" . April 2, 2013 . Retrieved June 30, 2016 .
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^ "Hear Eddie Van Halen Perform on Two New LL Cool J Songs" . Ultimate Classic Rock . Retrieved June 30, 2016 . ^ "Nirvana, Kiss, Hall and Oates Nominated for Rock and Roll Hall of Fame" Archived September 2, 2016, at the Wayback Machine . Rolling Stone . October 16, 2013. Retrieved October 16, 2013. ^ "LL Cool J On Def Jam's 30th Anniversary And His New Street Album" . XXL Mag . ^ "Unretired Rap Legend LL Cool J Shares New Album Details & Offers 'G.O.A.T. 2' Update" . Archived from the original on April 19, 2016 . Retrieved March 18, 2016 . ^ "LL COOL J Gets a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame" . Archived from the original on March 3, 2016 . Retrieved January 22, 2016 . ^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on May 3, 2016 . Retrieved March 18, 2016 . CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link ) ^ ABC Archived November 8, 2016, at the Wayback Machine ^ "Class of 2019 Nominees" . Rock & Roll Hall of Fame . Retrieved October 11, 2018 . ^ "LL Cool J's Journey From 'Krush Groove' To The Grammys" . MTV . Retrieved October 20, 2019 . ^ "MOVIE REVIEW : 'WILDCATS' DOESN'T PUT POINTS ON SCOREBOARD" . L.A. Times . Retrieved October 20, 2019 .
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^ "The Military Industrial Toy Chest: Barry Levinson's Toys at 25" . Consequence of Sound . Retrieved October 20, 2019 . ^ "LL Cool J's Defense : With the Rapper 'In the House,' His Street Rep Is on the Line" . L.A. Times . Retrieved October 20, 2019 . ^ "FILM REVIEW; Monster and Victim: Older, Not Wiser" . The New York Times . ^ "FILM REVIEW; Superjaws: Lab Sharks Turn Men Into Sushi" . The New York Timjes . Retrieved October 20, 2019 . ^ " ' In Too Deep': The Charisma of Human Evil" . Washington Post . Retrieved October 20, 2019 . ^ "LL Cool J, Jamie Foxx Exchange Blows On Set Of Oliver Stone Football Flick" . MTV . ^ Simmons, Bill. "Dropping the 'Rollerball ' " . ESPN . Retrieved October 20, 2019 . ^ "FILM REVIEW; Dreaming Up a Riddle for a Know-It-All" . The New York Times . Retrieved October 20, 2019 . ^ "FILM REVIEW; Working Up A S.W.E.A.T." The New York Times . Retrieved October 20, 2019 . ^ Ebert, Roger. "Mindhunters movie review & film summary" . RogerEbert.com . Retrieved October 20, 2019 . ^ "From Bad News Springs a Newfound Joie de Vivre" . The New York Times . Retrieved October 20, 2019 . ^ "Why you should revisit '30 Rock' this St. Patrick's Day" . Washington Post . Retrieved October 20, 2019 .
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^ "See What Happens When Rappers Visit Sesame Street" . IFC . Retrieved October 20, 2019 . ^ "There's something familiar about 'NCIS: Los Angeles ' " . Newsday . Retrieved October 20, 2019 . ^ "In Grudge Match, Not Quite Rocky Balboa Against Raging Bull" . The Villiage Voice . Retrieved October 21, 2019 . ^ "LL Cool J to Host Spike's 'Lip Sync Battle' for EP Jimmy Fallon" . Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved October 20, 2019 . ^ [1] Archived October 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine ^ "Todd Smith by LL Cool J" . Toddsmithny.com. December 29, 2010. Archived from the original on February 8, 2011 . Retrieved March 24, 2011 . ^ "LL Cool J Todd Smith Clothing Collection Launch and Video" . Celebrity Clothing Line. March 14, 2008. Archived from the original on May 27, 2011 . Retrieved March 24, 2011 . ^ Whitburn, Joel (2000). Top Pop Singles 1955-1999 . Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research, Inc. p. 13. ISBN 0-89820-139-X . ^ "SCOLA" . Music.blackplanet.com . Retrieved March 24, 2011 . ^ "Press Release" . Boomdizzle. July 15, 2008 . Retrieved March 24, 2011 . ^ "Here's LL Cool J's Emotional Opening To WrestleMania 31" . Uproxx . Retrieved October 20, 2019 . ^ Katz, Celeste (September 27, 2002). "Cool J comes out for Pataki – New York Daily News" . Articles.nydailynews.com . Retrieved March 30, 2012 .
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^ Katie Dean (October 1, 2003). "Rappers in Disharmony on P2P" . Wired . Retrieved March 30, 2012 . ^ "Senator Malcolm Smith Show w. LL Cool J part 3" . YouTube. January 2, 2008 . Retrieved March 30, 2012 . ^ . "One On 1: Hip-Hop Artist LL Cool J Leaves Footprints Beyond Music" . NY1.com. Archived from the original on May 24, 2013 . Retrieved March 30, 2012 . CS1 maint: extra punctuation ( link ) ^ "CNN.com - Transcripts" . Transcripts.cnn.com . Retrieved May 2, 2013 . ^ LL Cool J with Dave Honig, Chris Palmer & Jim Stoppani; LL Cool J's Platinum 360 Diet and Lifestyle: A Full-Circle Guide to Developing Your Mind, Body, and Soul , page 14, Rodale, 2010 ^ "Encyclopedia - Britannica Online Encyclopedia ... Def Jam, LL, & new school hip hop" . ©2008 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc . Retrieved June 24, 2008 . ^ a b Yahoo! Music: Radio Archived July 13, 2010, at WebCite . Yahoo! Inc. Retrieved on November 16, 2008. ^ Toop (2000), p. 126. ^ Shapiro (2005), p. 228. ^ "CaseNet.com - LL Cool J" . CaseNet. Archived from the original on November 21, 2007 . Retrieved June 24, 2008 . ^ Coleman (2007), p. 354. ^ "LL Cool J :: Radio ** RapReviews "Back to the Lab" series ** by Steve "Flash" Juon" . RapReviews.com; Flash Web Design Exclusive . Retrieved June 19, 2008 .
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^ EntertainmentSimone Smith, LL Cool J's Wife: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know Archived April 19, 2016, at the Wayback Machine , heavy.com April 22, 2015 ^ "WWII in HD DVD Set | WW2 HD DVD – History Channel" . Shop.history.com. Archived from the original on February 24, 2012 . Retrieved March 24, 2011 . ^ a b Bierly, Mandi (February 25, 2009). " ' NCIS' spinoff officially lands LL Cool J" . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved February 25, 2009 . ^ baseballproo77. "Lip Sync Battle (TV Series 2015– )" . IMDb . ^ "Rock On The Net: 31st Annual Grammy Awards - 1989" . www.rockonthenet.com . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "Rock On The Net: 34th Annual Grammy Awards - 1992" . www.rockonthenet.com . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "Rock On The Net: 35th Annual Grammy Awards - 1993" . www.rockonthenet.com . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "Rock On The Net: 36th Annual Grammy Awards - 1994" . www.rockonthenet.com . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ a b "Rock On The Net: 39th Annual Grammy Awards - 1997" . www.rockonthenet.com . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "40th Annual Grammy Award Nominations Coverage (1998) |DigitalHit.com" . www.digitalhit.com . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "Complete List Of 2004 Grammy Nominations" . www.music-slam.com . Retrieved November 18, 2016 .
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^ "Complete List Of 2005 Grammy Nominees" . www.music-slam.com . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ a b "Rock On The Net: 1991 MTV Video Music Awards" . www.rockonthenet.com . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "Rock On The Net: 1996 MTV Video Music Awards" . www.rockonthenet.com . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ Kangas, Chaz (September 6, 2012). "The 1997 Edition Was the Best MTV Video Music Awards" . L.A. Weekly . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ a b SNOW, SHAUNA (February 22, 1996). "5 Films Head Nominations for NAACP Image Awards" . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "2001 NAACP Image Awards" . www.infoplease.com . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "Blackflix.com: 34th NAACP Image Award Nominees" . www.blackflix.com . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "Soul Train Music Awards - 1987 | Winners & Nominees" . awardsandwinners.com . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "Soul Train Music Awards - 1988 | Winners & Nominees" . awardsandwinners.com . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "2nd Annual STMA Winners" . August 29, 2002. Archived from the original on August 29, 2002 . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "Soul Train Music Awards - 1991 | Winners & Nominees" . awardsandwinners.com . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "2003 Soul Train Music Awards Nominees" . Billboard . Retrieved November 18, 2016 .
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^ "Ashanti, Amerie Lead Pack Of Nominees For Soul Train Awards" . MTV News . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "19th Annual Soul Train Awards Nominations" . Billboard . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ Gregory, Andy (July 5, 2002). International Who's Who in Popular Music 2002 . Europa Publication. p. 308. ISBN 978-1857431612 . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "Calendar" . Billboard (February 1, 1997). Lynne Segall. February 1, 1997 . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "LL Cool J | Long Island Music Hall of Fame" . www.limusichalloffame.org . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "BET Hip Hop Awards winners" . Entertainment Weekly's EW.com . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "NAACP Image Award - 1998 | Winners & Nominees" . awardsandwinners.com . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "february 2000 | blackfilm.com | features | naacp image awards nominees" . www.blackfilm.com . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ Staff, Variety (May 9, 2000). "Blockbuster Entertainment Award winners" . Variety . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ Inc., Media Pro Tech. "Filmmakers.com : Film : The 2004 Black Reel Awards Nominations Announced" . www.filmmakers.com . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "Teen Choice Awards - 2006 | Winners & Nominees" . awardsandwinners.com . Archived from the original on September 5, 2014 . Retrieved November 18, 2016 .
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^ King, Susan (March 4, 2011). " ' For Colored Girls' wins for best film at NAACP Image Awards" . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "Teen Choice Awards 2011 Nominees Announced: Harry Potter vs Twilight" . The Huffington Post . June 29, 2011 . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "NAACP Image Awards 2012: Full list of winners" . ABC7 Los Angeles . Archived from the original on January 6, 2016 . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "Teen Choice Awards 2012: Complete Winners List" . MTV News . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "Nominees/Winners" . Television Academy . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "The 44th NAACP Image Award complete winners list" . Los Angeles Times . February 1, 2013 . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "Teen Choice 2013 - August 11 on FOX - Vote Every Day!" . August 21, 2013. Archived from the original on August 21, 2013 . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "NAACP Image Awards 2014: Complete winners list" . Los Angeles Times . February 22, 2014 . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "EIC Announces Nominations For 18th Annual PRISM Awards- Nods for Julia Roberts, Meryl Streep, Oprah, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Edie Falco, Allison Janney, LL Cool J, Jewel" . PRWeb . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ Team, The Deadline (December 9, 2014). " ' Selma' & 'Get On Up' Lead NAACP Image Awards Nominations" . Deadline . Retrieved November 18, 2016 .
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^ "Television - 'Creed,' 'Empire' Top NAACP Image Award Nominations; Full List" . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "Nominees/Winners" . Television Academy . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "List: Who won People's Choice Awards?" . USA TODAY . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ "People's Choice Awards 2017: Full List Of Nominees" . People's Choice . November 15, 2016. Archived from the original on November 17, 2016 . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . ^ LL Cool J extends his reach during Gray Line New York's "Ride Of Fame" induction ceremony, which honored the native New Yorker Monday at Manhattan's Pier 78. People. May 14, 2013. ^ "LL Cool J gets honorary degree from Northeastern" . news @ Northeastern . ^ Barker, Andrew (January 21, 2016). "LL Cool J Receives a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame" . Variety . Retrieved November 18, 2016 . External links [ edit ] LL Cool J at Wikipedia's sister projects Media from Wikimedia Commons Data from Wikidata Official website LL Cool J on IMDb v t e LL Cool J Discography Studio albums Radio Bigger and Deffer Walking with a Panther Mama Said Knock You Out 14 Shots to the Dome Mr. Smith Phenomenon G.O.A.T. 10 The DEFinition Todd Smith Exit 13 Authentic Compilations All World: Greatest Hits
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All World 2 Singles " I Need a Beat " " I Can't Live Without My Radio " " I Can Give You More " " Rock the Bells " " You'll Rock " " I'm Bad " " I Need Love " " Go Cut Creator Go " " Going Back to Cali " " I'm That Type of Guy " " Big Ole Butt " " One Shot at Love " " Jingling Baby " " To da Break of Dawn " " The Boomin' System " " Around the Way Girl " " Mama Said Knock You Out " " 6 Minutes of Pleasure " " Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf? " " Strictly Business " " How I'm Comin' " " Back Seat (Of My Jeep) " " Pink Cookies In a Plastic Bag Getting Crushed By Buildings " " Stand By Your Man " " Hey Lover " " Doin' It " " Loungin " " I Shot Ya " " Ain't Nobody " " Hit 'Em High (The Monstars' Anthem) " " Phenomenon " " 4, 3, 2, 1 " " Father " " Candy " " Zoom " " Say What " " Deepest Bluest " " Hot Hot Hot " " Shut 'Em Down " Imagine That " " You and Me "
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" Put Your Hands Up " " Blink Blink " " Luv U Better " " Paradise " " All I Have " " Amazin' " Headsprung " " Hush " " It's LL and Santana " " Control Myself " " Freeze " " Cry " " Baby " Featured singles " Rampage " " This Is for the Lover in You " " Incredible " " Fatty Girl " " All I Have " " We Are the World 25 for Haiti " Other songs " Accidental Racist " v t e Def Jam Recordings Discography Founders Russell Simmons Rick Rubin Subsidiaries ARTium Records Def Jam South Def Soul Disturbing tha Peace GOOD Music Radio Killa Records Roc-A-Fella Records v t e Kennedy Center Honorees (2010s) 2010 Merle Haggard Jerry Herman Bill T. Jones Paul McCartney Oprah Winfrey 2011 Barbara Cook Neil Diamond Yo-Yo Ma Sonny Rollins Meryl Streep 2012 Buddy Guy Dustin Hoffman David Letterman Led Zeppelin Natalia Makarova 2013 Martina Arroyo Herbie Hancock Billy Joel Shirley MacLaine Carlos Santana 2014 Al Green Tom Hanks Patricia McBride Sting Lily Tomlin 2015 Carole King George Lucas Rita Moreno Seiji Ozawa Cicely Tyson 2016 Martha Argerich Eagles Al Pacino Mavis Staples James Taylor 2017 Carmen de Lavallade Gloria Estefan LL Cool J Norman Lear Lionel Richie 2018 Cher Philip Glass
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Reba McEntire Wayne Shorter Hamilton ( Lin-Manuel Miranda , Thomas Kail , Alex Lacamoire , and Andy Blankenbuehler ) 2019 Earth, Wind & Fire Sally Field Linda Ronstadt Sesame Street Michael Tilson Thomas Complete list 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s v t e Teen Choice Award for Choice Action TV Actor Milo Ventimiglia (2008) Tom Welling (2009) Zachary Levi (2010) Shane West (2011) Adam Rodríguez (2012) LL Cool J (2013) Grant Gustin (2017) Grant Gustin (2018) Stephen Amell (2019) Authority control BIBSYS : 1006616 BNE : XX982454 BNF : cb13932669v (data) GND : 120726955 ISNI : 0000 0003 6857 1427 LCCN : n91116968 MusicBrainz : a4dd0e77-83b8-4e92-89b7-effb0e47fd8c NKC : xx0035723 NTA : 106854607 SNAC : w618439p SUDOC : 088521036 VIAF : 20519508 WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 20519508 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw1271 Cached time: 20191128014103 Cache expiry: 2592000 Dynamic content: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 1.508 seconds Real time usage: 1.838 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 7379/1000000 Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000 Post‐expand include size: 278399/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 6882/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/40 Expensive parser function count: 18/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 391005/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Lua time usage: 0.796/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7.75 MB/50 MB Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1532.669 1 -total 56.72% 869.383 1 Template:Reflist
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36.01% 551.971 116 Template:Cite_web 8.41% 128.870 9 Template:Cite_news 7.16% 109.813 1 Template:Infobox_musical_artist 6.98% 106.904 1 Template:Official_website 6.32% 96.916 1 Template:Infobox 5.69% 87.179 4 Template:Fix 4.28% 65.563 1 Template:When 3.66% 56.089 8 Template:Category_handler Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:170459-0!canonical and timestamp 20191128014101 and revision id 925711573 Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LL_Cool_J&oldid=925711573 " Categories : 20th-century American male actors 21st-century American male actors 1968 births African-American Christians African-American male actors African-American male rappers African-American songwriters American male film actors American male stage actors American male television actors Def Jam Recordings artists Grammy Award winners for rap music Living people LL Cool J Male actors from New York City People from Hollis, Queens Pop rappers Rappers from New York City Songwriters from New York (state) People from Bay Shore, New York Kennedy Center honorees 20th-century American rappers 21st-century American rappers Hidden categories: Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL Pages with citations lacking titles Pages with citations having bare URLs Webarchive template wayback links All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from September 2010 CS1 maint: archived copy as title CS1 maint: extra punctuation Webarchive template webcite links Use mdy dates from October 2017 Articles with hCards All articles with vague or ambiguous time Vague or ambiguous time from November 2018 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from February 2010 Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016 Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers
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http://web.archive.org/web/20210306043515id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Herman_(American_football)_p0
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Tom Herman - Wikipedia CentralNotice Tom Herman From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Tom Herman (American football) ) Jump to navigation Jump to search For other people named Tom Herman, see Tom Herman (disambiguation) . American football coach Tom Herman Herman during his tenure at Texas Chicago Bears Position: Offensive analyst Personal information Born: ( 1975-06-02 ) June 2, 1975 (age 45) Cincinnati, Ohio Career information High school: Simi Valley (CA) College: Cal Lutheran Career history As coach: Texas Lutheran (1998) Wide receivers coach Texas (1999–2000) Graduate assistant Sam Houston State (2001–2004) Texas State (2005–2006) Offensive coordinator/quarterbacks coach Rice (2007–2008) Offensive coordinator/quarterbacks coach Iowa State (2009–2011) Offensive coordinator/quarterbacks coach Ohio State (2012–2014) Offensive coordinator/quarterbacks coach Houston (2015–2016) Head coach Texas (2017–2020) Head coach Chicago Bears ( 2021 –present) Offensive analyst/special projects coach Career highlights and awards American Athletic Conference Championship ( 2015 ) CFP National Champion ( 2014 ) The American Coach of the Year (2015) Broyles Award (2014) Head coaching record Regular season: NCAA: 49–22 (.690) Postseason: NCAA Bowls: 5–0 (1.000) Career: NCAA: 54–22 (.711) Thomas Herman III (born June 2, 1975) is an American football coach and former player who is an offensive analyst and special projects coach for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He was the head football coach at The University of Texas at Austin from 2017 to 2020. Prior to that, he served as the head football coach at the University of Houston from 2015 to 2016.
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Contents 1 Early life 2 Coaching career 2.1 Early coaching career 2.2 Sam Houston State 2.3 Texas State 2.4 Rice 2.5 Iowa State 2.6 Ohio State 2.7 University of Houston 2.8 Texas 2.9 Chicago Bears 3 Personal life 4 Media work 5 Head coaching record 5.1 Notes 6 References 7 External links Early life An only child, [1] Herman was born in Cincinnati, Ohio and has family there. From age six he was raised in Simi Valley, California . [1] He earned his B.S. in Business Administration from California Lutheran University in 1997, where he was a Presidential Scholarship recipient and cum laude graduate. At California Lutheran he was an All- Southern California Athletic Conference wide receiver. He also earned a master's degree from the University of Texas at Austin . Coaching career Early coaching career Herman began his coaching career in 1998 at Texas Lutheran as a receivers coach. He then took a position in 1999 at the University of Texas at Austin as a graduate assistant under the mentorship of Greg Davis . [2] During his tenure at Texas, Herman worked with the offensive line, which included All-American Leonard Davis . Sam Houston State In 2004, they finished 11–3 and advanced to the Division I-AA championship's semifinals. The Bearkats' offense was ranked second nationally in passing offense, averaging 358.5 yards, while the Bearkats' 471 yards of total offense ranked fifth among Division I-AA schools. [3]
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Texas State After four seasons at Sam Houston State, Herman joined Texas State as the offensive coordinator in 2005. During his two seasons at Texas State his squad led the Southland Conference in total offense and the 2005 team ranked eighth nationally in scoring. The Bobcats went on to make a deep run in the NCAA in the team's first ever Division I-AA appearance, while Barrick Nealy finished fifth in the voting for the Walter Payton Award (top offensive player in Division I-AA). [3] Rice In 2007, Herman then followed head coach David Bailiff from Texas State to form the new coaching staff at Rice . Rice ranked in the Top 10 nationally in 2008 in passing offense (5th; 327.8), scoring offense (T8th; 41.6) and total offense (10th; 472.3). Two Rice receivers had more than 1,300 yards receiving that year, tight end James Casey had 111 catches and quarterback Chase Clement was the Conference USA MVP. [3] [4] Iowa State Herman at Iowa State After building one of the nation's most prolific offenses at Rice, Herman joined Iowa State as offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach. [2] [5] Herman installed his system and brought new life into the offense. [ citation needed ] During his three seasons at Iowa State, the offense improved considerably and broke numerous team and player school records. [ citation needed ] Iowa State's 52 points in a win over Texas Tech marked the most points put up by the Cyclones against a conference opponent in 38 years. Iowa State quarterback Austen Arnaud ended his career as the Cyclones No. 2 all-time leading passer with 6,777 yards and 42 touchdown passes. His 8,044 yards of total offense is the second-best total in school history. Running back Alexander Robinson finished his Iowa State career as the Cyclones' fourth all-time leading rusher with 3,309 yards. [6]
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Ohio State On December 9, 2011, Urban Meyer selected Herman as his offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach for the Buckeyes. [7] On December 9, 2014, after leading Ohio State's fourth ranked offense to their first national title since 2002, while playing two backup quarterbacks, Herman was awarded the Broyles Award , given annually to the nation's top assistant coach. [8] University of Houston On December 15, 2014, Herman was hired by Houston as its new head football coach. In the 2015 season, he led his 21st-ranked team to an 11–1 start and the Western Division title in the American Athletic Conference . [9] They won their first American Athletic Conference title by defeating the Temple Owls 24–13. [10] On December 31, 2015, Herman led the 14th-ranked Cougars to a 38–24 victory over the 9th-ranked Florida State Seminoles at the Peach Bowl . The Cougars had not beaten an AP top-10 team in a bowl game since 1979. After the game, Herman stated that the Cougars had completed their return to national relevancy. The Cougars ended the season 13–1 and ranked #8 in both the AP and Coaches Polls, their highest post-season ranking since 1979. In 2016, Herman's second season with Houston, the Cougars slipped to a 9–3 regular-season record. Among their nine wins were victories over Oklahoma and Louisville , each of which was ranked #3 in the AP Poll at the time Houston faced them.
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Houston's overall record in its two seasons under Herman was 22–4, which included unblemished marks in home games at TDECU Stadium (14–0), in games versus teams ranked in the AP Poll (6–0), and in games versus teams from Power Five conferences (5–0). Herman's success with Houston brought him significant attention from the media and from multiple Power Five football programs throughout the season, which culminated in his appointment as the head coach of the Texas Longhorns immediately following Houston's final regular-season contest of 2016. Texas On November 27, 2016, Herman was hired as the new head coach at Texas. He signed a five-year contract with a base salary of $5 million per year. [11] Texas would go 7–6 in Herman's first season at the helm, which culminated in a 33–16 victory over Missouri in the 2017 Texas Bowl . In his second season at the helm, Herman led Texas to a 9–3 regular season record, including a 7–2 record in conference play, and a berth in the Big 12 Championship Game , which was the program's first since 2009 . Texas defeated Georgia in the Sugar Bowl , which clinched the first 10-win season for the Longhorns since 2009 . In Herman's third season, expectations were high for the Longhorns, but Texas posted a 7–5 regular season record. Texas defeated No. 11-ranked Utah in the 2019 Alamo Bowl by a final score of 38–10 to end the season on a high note. In 2020, Herman coached Texas to a 7-3 record, culminating with a second straight victory in the Alamo Bowl over Colorado . Despite the team's winning record, Herman was let go on January 2, 2021. [12]
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Chicago Bears Herman joined the Chicago Bears coaching staff in 2021 as an offensive analyst and special projects coach. [13] Personal life Herman is a member of Mensa International . He and his wife, Michelle, have a daughter, Priya, and two sons, Maddock and Maverick. [1] Media work During college Herman interned and worked in various positions in the sports broadcasting industry. He worked in television as a sports production assistant in Oxnard, California , a highlight coordinator for Fox-TV in Los Angeles and a producer/production assistant at XTRA Sports Radio in Los Angeles . Head coaching record Year Team Overall Conference Standing Bowl/playoffs Coaches # AP ° Houston Cougars ( American Athletic Conference ) (2015–2016) 2015 Houston 13–1 7–1 T–1st (West) W Peach † 8 8 2016 Houston 9–3 5–3 T–3rd (West) Las Vegas [note 1] Houston: 22–4 12–4 Texas Longhorns ( Big 12 Conference ) (2017–2020) 2017 Texas 7–6 5–4 T–4th W Texas 2018 Texas 10–4 7–2 2nd W Sugar † 9 9 2019 Texas 8–5 5–4 T–3rd W Alamo 25 2020 Texas 7–3 5–3 3rd W Alamo 20 19 Texas: 32–18 22–13 Total: 54–22 National championship Conference title Conference division title or championship game berth † Indicates CFP / New Years' Six bowl. # Rankings from final Coaches Poll . ° Rankings from final AP Poll . Notes
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^ Herman left for Texas after the regular season; new head coach Major Applewhite coached the Cougars against San Diego State in the Las Vegas Bowl. References ^ a b c "How Longhorns coach Tom Herman wants to be 'dad to everybody' after losing father to addiction, homelessness" . Dallas Morning News . January 12, 2018 . Retrieved September 7, 2019 . ^ a b "Ohio State hires Iowa State OC Tom Herman" . CBSSports.com . December 8, 2011. Archived from the original on December 16, 2014. ^ a b c "Player Bio: Tom Herman – RICEOWLS.COM – The Rice Official Athletic Site" . Retrieved April 2, 2018 . ^ "Tom Herman Bio :: The Ohio State University :: Official Athletic Site" . Retrieved April 2, 2018 . ^ "Herman Brings Explosive Offense to Iowa State – Iowa State University Athletics" . Iowa State University Athletics . Retrieved April 2, 2018 . ^ "Land-Grant Holy Land, an Ohio State Buckeyes community" . Retrieved April 2, 2018 . ^ "Tom Herman Named Ohio State Offensive Coordinator/QB Coach" . Retrieved April 2, 2018 . ^ "Ohio State offensive coordinator Tom Herman wins Broyles Award" . Retrieved April 2, 2018 . ^ "Report: Houston to name Buckeyes QB whisperer Tom Herman head coach" . December 15, 2014 . Retrieved April 2, 2018 . ^ "Houston secures New Year's Six bid with AAC title win over Temple" . ESPN.com . Retrieved December 7, 2015 .
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^ "What Tom Herman's contract at Texas will reportedly look like; Length, yearly salary and more" . November 26, 2016 . Retrieved April 2, 2018 . ^ "Source: Horns target Sarkisian after Herman out" . ESPN.com . January 2, 2021. ^ "Former Texas coach Tom Herman joining Chicago Bears" . Yahoo Sports . Retrieved March 2, 2021 . External links Texas profile Links to related articles v t e Texas Longhorns head football coaches No coach (1893) Reginald DeMerritt Wentworth (1894) Frank Crawford (1895) Harry Orman Robinson (1896) Walter F. Kelly (1897) David Farragut Edwards (1898) Maurice Gordon Clarke (1899) Samuel Huston Thompson (1900–1901) J. B. Hart (1902) Ralph Hutchinson (1903–1905) H. R. Schenker (1906) W. E. Metzenthin (1907–1908) Dexter W. Draper (1909) Billy Wasmund (1910) Dave Allerdice (1911–1915) Eugene Van Gent (1916) William Juneau (1917–1919) Berry Whitaker (1920–1922) E. J. Stewart (1923–1926) Clyde Littlefield (1927–1933) Jack Chevigny (1934–1936) Dana X. Bible (1937–1946) Blair Cherry (1947–1950) Ed Price (1951–1956) Darrell Royal (1957–1976) Fred Akers (1977–1986) David McWilliams (1987–1991) John Mackovic (1992–1997) Mack Brown (1998–2013) Charlie Strong (2014–2016) Tom Herman (2017–2020) Steve Sarkisian (2021– ) v t e Houston Cougars head football coaches Jewell Wallace (1946–1947) Clyde Lee (1948–1954) Bill Meek (1955–1956) Hal Lahar (1957–1961) Bill Yeoman (1962–1986) Jack Pardee (1987–1989) John Jenkins (1990–1992) Kim Helton (1993–1999) Dana Dimel (2000–2002) Art Briles (2003–2007)
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Chris Thurmond # (2007) Kevin Sumlin (2008–2011) Tony Levine (2011–2014) David Gibbs # (2014) Tom Herman (2015–2016) Major Applewhite (2016–2018) Dana Holgorsen (2019– ) # denotes interim head coach. v t e 2014 Ohio State Buckeyes football—consensus national champions Eli Apple J. T. Barrett Vonn Bell Michael Bennett Joey Bosa Noah Brown Parris Campbell Gareon Conley Taylor Decker Pat Elflein Ezekiel Elliott Chase Farris Curtis Grant Doran Grant Jeff Heuerman Jalyn Holmes Malik Hooker Sam Hubbard Cameron Johnston Cardale Jones Jamarco Jones Marshon Lattimore Darron Lee Tyquan Lewis Jalin Marshall Raekwon McMillan Braxton Miller Steve Miller Joshua Perry Tyvis Powell Billy Price Curtis Samuel Devin Smith Evan Spencer Michael Thomas Nick Vannett Adolphus Washington Chris Worley Head coach: Urban Meyer Assistant coaches: Chris Ash Stan Drayton Luke Fickell Cody Hawkins Tom Herman Ed Warinner Kerry Coombs Larry Johnson Vince Oghobaase v t e Broyles Award winners 1996: Andrews 1997: Herrmann 1998: Cutcliffe 1999: Friedgen 2000: Mangino 2001: Shannon 2002: Chow 2003: VanGorder 2004: Chizik 2005: Davis 2006: Foster 2007: Heacock 2008: Wilson 2009: Smart 2010: Malzahn 2011: Chavis 2012: Diaco 2013: Narduzzi 2014: Herman 2015: Riley 2016: Venables 2017: Elliott 2018: Locksley 2019: Brady 2020: Sarkisian NewPP limit report Parsed by mw1315 Cached time: 20210305204600 Cache expiry: 2592000 Dynamic content: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.828 seconds Real time usage: 1.205 seconds
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Navigation menu Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. Namespaces Article Talk Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. Variants Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. Views Read View source View history Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. More Search Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. Print/export Download as PDF Printable version Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. In other projects Wikimedia Commons Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. Languages العربية Edit links This page was last edited on 5 March 2021, at 20:46 (UTC) .
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Mobile view Developers Statistics Cookie statement
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Mehndi - Wikipedia CentralNotice Mehndi From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search For other uses, see Mehndi (disambiguation) . Mehndi applied on both hands; back view. Mehndi applied on the back of both hands. Play media Video of mehndi application. Mehndi is a form of body art originating from the Arabian peninsula , in which decorative designs are created on a person's body, using a paste, created from the powdered dry leaves of the henna plant ( Lawsonia inermis ). Dating back to ancient India , mehndi is still a popular form of body art among the women of the Indian subcontinent, Africa and the Middle East . Mehndi is derived from the Sanskrit word mendhikā . [1] The use of mehndi and turmeric is described in the earliest Hindu Vedic ritual books. It was originally used for only women's palms and sometimes for men, but as time progressed, it was more common for men to wear it. Staining oneself with turmeric paste, as well as mehndi, are Vedic customs, intended to be a symbolic representation of the outer and the inner sun. Vedic customs are centered on the idea of "awakening the inner light". Traditional Indian designs are representations of the sun on the palm, which, in this context, is intended to represent the hands and feet. Mehendi has a great significance in performing classical dance like Bharatnatyam .
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There are many variations and designs. Women usually apply mehndi designs to their hands and feet, though some, including cancer patients and women with alopecia occasionally decorate their scalps. [2] The standard color of henna is brown, but other design colors such as white, red, black and gold are sometimes employed. [2] Practiced mainly in the Indian subcontinent , mehndi is the application of a temporary form of skin decoration , popularized in the West by Indian cinema and the entertainment industry, the people in Nepal , Bangladesh and the Maldives also use mehndi. Mehndi decorations became fashionable in the West in the late 1990s, where they are called henna tattoos . Mehndi in Indian tradition is typically applied during special Hindu weddings and Hindu festivals like Karva Chauth , Vat Purnima , Diwali , Bhai Dooj and Teej . Muslims in the Indian subcontinent also apply Mehndi during festivals such as Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha . In Hindu festivals, many women have Henna applied to their hands and feet and sometimes on the back of their shoulders too, as men have it applied on their arms, legs, back, and chest. For women, it is usually drawn on the palm, back of the hand and on feet, where the design will be clearest due to contrast with the lighter skin on these surfaces, which naturally contain less of the pigment melanin .
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Alta, Alata, or Mahur is a red dye used similarly to henna to paint the feet of the brides in South Asia , for instance in the Bengal region where it is done. Likely due to the desire for a "tattoo-black" appearance, some people add the synthetic dye p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) to henna to give it a black colour. PPD may cause severe allergic reactions and was voted Allergen of the Year in 2006 by the American Contact Dermatitis Society. Contents 1 Tradition 2 Process 3 In weddings 3.1 Example of a wedding tradition 4 See also 5 References 6 External Links Tradition [ edit ] Mehendi decoration of palms and feet Mehendi decoration of palms and feet of a bride Mehndi is a ceremonial art form which originated in the ancient Indian subcontinent . It is typically applied during weddings - for Muslim and Hindu brides. In Rajasthan , the grooms are given designs that are often as elaborate as those for brides. In Assam , apart from marriage, it is broadly used by unmarried women during Rongali bihu . Muslims in Afghanistan also started to use it as an indication of coming of age. In the Middle East and Africa, it is common for women to apply henna to their fingernails and toenails and to their hands. Process [ edit ]
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Henna paste is usually applied to the skin using a plastic cone, a paintbrush or a stick. After about 15–20 minutes, the mud will dry and begin to crack, and during this time, a mixture of lemon juice and white sugar can be applied over the henna design to remoisten the henna mud so that the henna will stain darker. The painted area is then wrapped with tissue, plastic, or medical tape to lock in body heat, creating a more intense colour on the skin. The wrap (not a traditional method), is worn for two to six hours, or sometimes overnight, and then removed. When first removed, the henna design is pale to dark orange in colour and gradually darkens through oxidation, over the course of 24 to 72 hours. The final color is reddish brown and can last anywhere from one to three weeks depending on the quality and type of henna paste applied, as well as where it was applied on the body (thicker skin stains darker and longer than thin skin). Moisturizing with natural oils, such as olive, sesame seed, or coconut, will also help extend the lifetime of the stain. Skin exfoliation causes the henna tattoo to fade. In weddings [ edit ] Traditional weddings in South Asian Muslims can often be long, ritualistic, and elaborate affairs with many pre-wedding, wedding and post wedding ceremonies of Muslims. Different countries and regions of a country celebrate the ceremonies in different ways according to their own marriage customs, rituals, and culture. A henna party is a tradition held before a wedding in many Middle Eastern and North African cultures. Henna parties were often held in the house that the bride was going to live in, and the guests included girls and women from the bride and groom's side of the family. The bride and all of her guests wore embroidered dresses called "bindalli". In addition to this, the bride also wore a red veil that covered her face.
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According to Hindu tradition, the ceremony is mainly held at the bride's house or at a banquet hall on the eve of the marriage ceremony or few days before the marriage. Generally, the bride and groom attend the event together and on the occasion, a professional mehndi artist or a relative applies mehndi to the bride's hands and feet. The designs are very intricate. Often hidden within the mehndi pattern, the name or initials of the groom are applied. The event generally has a celebratory festival feel to it with the women dancing and singing traditional songs and the girls wearing vivid colors such as hot pink and yellow, often if the bride to be wishes to tease her future groom she will make him wear purple. The groom usually wears jutti instead of western footwear. In Pakistan , the Mehndi ceremony is referred to Rasm-e-Heena and is often one of the most important pre-wedding ceremonies, which is celebrated by the bride's family. In Bangladesh , the Mehndi ceremony has traditionally been separated into two events; one organized by the bride's family and one, by the groom's family. Mehndi ceremonies take place outside the Indian subcontinent amongst the South Asian community and places like Birmingham in the UK are such known hotspots for lavish Mehndi celebrations. Example of a wedding tradition [ edit ]
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The henna, a dye produced from a henna plant, would be delivered by the groom's relatives on a silver tray containing two burning candles. [3] [4] Before the application of the henna, the guests would throw coins over the bride's head as a symbol of fertility. Then, the bride's soon to be mother-in-law would then bring out a piece of silk cloth as a gift to the bride. The bride would then walk along the unrolled piece of silk cloth in the direction of her future mother-in-law and kiss her hand. Once this is done, fruits, nuts, and pastries would be brought out and songs would be sung in hopes of making the bride cry. This was done because it was thought that the bride's crying would bring good luck. The bride would then sit on a cushion while her mother-in-law placed a gold coin in her hand as another sign of good luck. Once the bride was given the gold coin, the henna would be applied. The person who applied the henna was always someone who was already known to be happily married; that person would apply the henna onto the bride's palms, fingers, and toes. The henna was made from died henna leaves, and the process of application took a long time. For this reason, it was suggested that it be applied between thirty-two and forty-eight hours before the wedding so that it may have enough time to stain the skin. In addition to the bride, all unmarried persons at the henna party would also apply the henna to their hands, believing that it would allow them to be married soon as well.
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See also [ edit ] Henna Alta Body painting Temporary tattoo References [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mehndi . ^ A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English [ permanent dead link ] . Dsal.uchicago.edu. Retrieved on 2011-09-26. ^ a b "The next big thing on Eid is white mehndi, and I tried it - Style - Images" . Images.dawn.com . Retrieved 2019-04-30 . ^ "The Beautiful and Intricate Application of Bridal Henna" . The Spruce . Retrieved 19 August 2018 . ^ "Henna Party" . www.turkishculture.org . Retrieved 19 August 2018 . External Links [ edit ] Mehndi NewPP limit report Parsed by mw1344 Cached time: 20191003163136 Cache expiry: 2592000 Dynamic content: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.220 seconds Real time usage: 0.340 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 638/1000000 Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000 Post‐expand include size: 9328/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1183/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/40 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 9266/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Lua time usage: 0.110/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2.72 MB/50 MB Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 276.421 1 -total 59.61% 164.765 1 Template:Reflist 35.11% 97.040 3 Template:Cite_web 22.25% 61.517 1 Template:Commons_category 19.73% 54.530 1 Template:Dead_link 18.84% 52.071 1 Template:Commons 17.88% 49.411 1 Template:Sister_project 16.70% 46.158 1 Template:Fix
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http://web.archive.org/web/20191008190302id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehndi_p7
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16.60% 45.891 1 Template:Side_box 15.01% 41.496 2 Template:Category_handler Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:537248-0!canonical and timestamp 20191003163140 and revision id 919415690 Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mehndi&oldid=919415690 " Categories : Arts in India Body art Hindu wedding rituals Indian culture Indian wedding Nepalese culture Nepalese art Hidden categories: All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from April 2019 Articles with permanently dead external links Commons category link from Wikidata Articles prone to spam from May 2015 Articles containing video clips Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page In other projects Wikimedia Commons Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages অসমীয়া भोजपुरी Deutsch فارسی Français Hawaiʻi हिन्दी Italiano עברית ಕನ್ನಡ Lietuvių Magyar मैथिली मराठी მარგალური नेपाली ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Polski Русский සිංහල தமிழ் Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 3 October 2019, at 16:31 (UTC) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization.
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