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tra il V-VI e l'XI-XIII secolo.
Nella letteratura si trova talvolta espresso anche il giudizio secondo il quale le due colonne anteriori, che da un punto di vista artistico e tecnico sono evidentemente di qualità più elevata, sarebbero il prodotto di una bottega dell'impero romano d'Oriente, siro-palestinese o ravennate, eventualmente collocabile anche in Istria (cfr. Cappella di Santa Maria Formosa a Pola, n.d.r) e quindi apparterrebbero ancora al periodo dell'arte tardo-antica. Invece per la coppia delle colonne posteriori, eseguite da una mano più inesperta, si tratterebbe di un'imitazione di modelli antichi eseguita nei secoli centrali del medioevo, realizzata a Venezia nell'XI, XII o XIII secolo per portare a quattro il numero dei supporti.
Sulla scorta dei contributi di ricerca di Weigand (1940), Lucchesi Palli (1942) e Demus (1953, 1955a/b, 1960), l'intero insieme scultoreo viene tuttavia oggi considerato quasi esclusivamente come opera di una bottega veneziana della la metà del XIII secolo. Secondo questa tesi tale bottega, nel quadro di una precisa propaganda di stato, mirante alla ricostituzione di un imperium christianum comprendente l'Adriatico e il Levante, sarebbe stata specializzata nella produzione di copie di pezzi antichi, al fine di fare apparire la città più antica di quanto essa in realtà fosse e porla sullo stesso piano delle città imperiali di Roma e Costantinopoli.
Già Anti (1954), Gosebruch (1985) e Herzog (1986) avevano dimostrato come i principali argomenti a sostegno di una datazione proto-rinascimentale in ambito veneziano, vale a dire le analogie con il rilievo frontale del sarcofago del doge Marino Morosini (1249-1253) nel nartece settentrionale di S. Marco, così come con le tavole a rilievo dell'architrave della porta di S. Alipio erano smentiti dal fatto che entrambi questi elementi erano a loro volta, anziché copie duecentesche, spoglie tardoantiche, probabilmente provenienti dall'area costantinopolitana.
Numerosi indizi sembrano invece connotare tutte e quattro le colonne come materiale di reimpiego:
1) Le caratteristiche scheggiature presenti nell'estremità superiore dell'astragalo, comuni anche ad altro materiale di spoglio, al di sopra delle quali corrono senza soluzione di continuità i titoli latini, databili all'incirca al primo quarto del XIII secolo. Il fatto che le iscrizioni corrano anche sulle scheggiature rappresenta un ulteriore argomento a sostegno della loro incisione successiva, all'epoca del reimpiego delle colonne come sostegno del baldacchino;
2) I fusti delle colonne sono sprovvisti di anello all'imoscapo;
3) Il singolare e del tutto inusuale collegamento di basi e fusti attraverso un impianto di questi ultimi nel blocco della base. Attraverso questo espediente vengono evidentemente sottratti alla vista dell'osservatore ulteriori possibili danni causati dalla spoliazione.
Se già questi indizi parlano a favore di un reimpiego delle colonne, questa ipotesi trova ulteriore conferma nell'analizzare il rapporto tra testo e immagine, che in parte presenta grosse discrepanze. Un'importanza particolare per l'attribuzione del complesso all'arte bizantina ha avuto sicuramente l'acquisizione già espressa da Gabelentz (1903), poi con sufficiente chiarezza da Costantini (1915) e in tempi più recenti ribadita più volte da Lafontaine-Dosogne, che le scene della vita di Maria sulla colonna A seguono rigorosamente il testo greco del protovangelo di Giacomo, mentre i titoli latini che spesso forniscono un'interpretazione sbagliata dell'immagine rappresentata, si basano sul testo del vangelo latino dello Pseudo-Matteo, sorto probabilmente molto più tardi e ampiamente diffuso in Europa occidentale, oppure su una sua rielaborazione del IX secolo. Il testo di questo vangelo differisce in molti episodi dall'apocrifo greco.
Sulla base di queste osservazioni che depongono contro un'origine unitaria di testo e immagine e sulla base di altri indizi Lafontaine-Dosogne ha sostenuto la tesi che, nel programma delle scene della vita di Maria come in quelle dell'infanzia di Cristo, si tratterebbe di un'iconografia bizantina, più precisamente pre-iconoclasta, in ogni caso non occidentale. Questa opinione è stata condivisa anche da altri autori, che in particolare hanno fatto riferimento all'eccezionalità della scena della Crocifissione con l'agnello nel clipeus al posto del crocifisso, da datare prima del Concilio Quinisesto (Costantinopoli, 692) (1).
Un ulteriore elemento a favore di un'origine protobizantina del complesso scultoreo viene addotto da Weigel mediante la decifrazione di un enigmatico rilievo figurativo sulla colonna C, il quale fino ad oggi è stato sempre interpretato falsamente. Secondo la nuova decifrazione non si tratterebbe qui di una rappresentazione della parafrasi delle parole del Cristo Qui sequitur me tollat crucem (Luca, IX, 23, Matteo, XVI, 24, Marco, VIII,34), come il titolo latino vuole far credere e come finora è stato generalmente ammesso, confidando nella veridicità dell'iscrizione, ma della rappresentazione dell'episodio sulla questione della riscossione dei tributi: Reddite ergo quae Caesaris sunt Caesari et quae Dei sunt Deo (Luca, XX, 22-25).
La raffigurazione dell'imperatore, che è centrale in questa scena, fornisce, insieme alle altre raffigurazioni di un sovrano sulla colonna B, dei punti di riferimento decisivi per una più precisa datazione delle colonne in questione e con esse di tutto l'insieme. Infatti le insegne del potere, le forme degli abiti così come le acconciature imperiali e certi elementi ritrattistici erano soggetti a un continuo cambiamento che, considerato insieme ad altri dettagli stilistici specifici, offre dei chiari criteri di classificazione.
Dal confronto con altri monumenti della fase di sviluppo tardoantica e protobizantina della scultura figurativa se ne deduce un'appartenenza a quel gruppo di opere dell'impero romano d'Oriente che con certezza o quanto meno con grande probabilità risalgono al regno dell'imperatore Anastasio I (491-518).
Affinità evidenti, anzi addirittura sorprendenti, con le figurazioni delle colonne del ciborio, mostrano i rilievi figurali su due frammenti di fusto di colonna conservati nel Museo archeologico di Istanbul. Essi vengono datati di recente concordemente, sulla base della grande somiglianza nell'ornamentazione a viticci, non più, come prevalentemente in passato, al V secolo, ma allo stesso periodo a cui risalgono l'allestimento scultoreo e i decori plastici della chiesa di S. Polieucto a Costantinopoli (524-527).
Weigel non esclude la possibilità che i due gruppi scultorei siano opera quanto meno della stessa bottega, se non addirittura della stessa mano, anche se quest'ultimo giudizio riguarda solo la coppia delle colonne frontali del ciborio, di ottima fattura, mentre la coppia posteriore deve essere attribuita a un maldestro aiutante del maestro principale. Questi tuttavia, diversamente da quanto pensava von der Gabelentz, potrebbe aver lavorato contemporaneamente al maestro e non soltanto più tardi.
Con ogni probabilità la bottega in questione dovrebbe aver avuto sede nella capitale imperiale, Costantinopoli. Quanto meno i frammenti di fusto di colonna con intrecci di viticci furono lì ritrovati nel XIX secolo, e precisamente nelle vicinanze di Santa Sofia. La qualità particolare della realizzazione, il prezioso materiale utilizzato, così come il ricorrere abbastanza frequente di raffigurazioni di sovrani, potrebbero essere addotti a sostegno dell'ipotesi che le colonne del ciborio, quale prodotto di una bottega di corte, forse appartenevano originariamente alla decorazione di una chiesa realizzata su commissione imperiale. Non è probabilmente un caso che, proprio per Anastasio I, Procopio tramandi la notizia che egli dotò di dieci colonne ornate di rilievi provenienti da Tessalonica la chiesa costantinopolitana di S.Platone da lui fondata e oggi non più conservata. Questo è inoltre l'unico caso tramandato di una donazione del genere.
La presenza di autentiche raffigurazioni protobizantine dell'imperatore consente inoltre di trarre la conclusione che qui non si può trattare di un'imitazione fatta nei secoli centrali del medioevo di opere dell'antichità, come il confronto con il rispettivo materiale veneziano del XII e XIII secolo ampiamente dimostra, perché lì sono sconosciute delle rappresentazioni di sovrani di epoca tardoantica con intenti storicizzanti e di correttezza antiquaria.
Ma anche a partire da motivi ideologici e giuridico-istituzionali non è possibile ammettere che un'immagine imperiale con il significato che ad essa viene ad essere attribuito dall'episodio evangelico del tributo e con la implicita esortazione a sottomettersi alla sovranità imperiale potesse essere tollerata nella cappella palatina dei Dogi e quindi nel centro del santuario di stato veneziano nell'epoca in questione. In tal senso il cambiamento dell'iscrizione dedicatoria – come nel caso paragonabile della raffigurazione del Doge nella Pala d'oro – deve essere inteso come un atto volontario nel contesto di precise trasformazioni politiche, e particolarmente in quello dell'indipendenza ormai conquistata da Venezia nei confronti dell'impero bizantino.
Dopo la dimostrazione dell'erroneità di precedenti teorie e la successiva individuazione del carattere di spoglio delle colonne, del loro rapporto reciproco, della relazione tra testo e immagine, della loro datazione e provenienza, Weigel affronta la questione, se dei dati a conferma di alcune delle tesi citate possano essere ricavati da fonti o documenti più antichi.
In questa ricerca l'Autore si è imbattuto nelle affermazioni di cronache veneziane del XVI secolo che finora non erano state prese in considerazione, in particolare nella cronaca attribuita al cardinale Daniele Barbaro, finora inedita. Da essa si ricava che Enrico Dandolo dopo la conquista di Costantinopoli nell'anno 1204 avrebbe spedito a Venezia delle preziose colonne di spoglio per la realizzazione di un ciborio in S.Marco. Weigel dimostra che questi dati, a causa di vari elementi discordanti molto probabilmente non si riferiscono alle colonne dell' Altare del Capitello nominate nel testo, ma piuttosto a quelle dell'altare maggiore.
Weigel esamina inoltre in che misura l'accusa dei chierici della chiesa dell'Anastasi a Costantinopoli, secondo la quale il patriarca latino Tommaso Morosini (1205-1211) sottrasse delle colonne di marmo dalla loro chiesa per adornare con esse l'altare di Santa Sofia (ad ornatum altaris), si possa mettere in relazione con le colonne del ciborio di S. Marco che, sulla base di motivi non solo stilistici, si possono dire provenienti da Costantinopoli. Le ricerche sulla chiesa dell'Anastasi, fondata già nel IV secolo, e in seguito abbellita anche grazie a donazioni imperiali, non giungono ad alcun risultato documentario sicuro per
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the story an idealized portrayal of the Russian woman, others were angered by its demeaning depiction of womanhood.
Tolstoy’s famous essay, for example, praises the author for achieving exactly the opposite of the effect he had intended. As an oft-cited analysis of the story by one of Chekhov’s greatest contemporaries, this essay is worth discussing in some detail. Tolstoy compares Chekhov to a Biblical character who, sent to the top of a mountain to curse the Israelites, instead blessed them at the will of God. Chekhov, likewise, according to Tolstoy, meant to “mock the poor creature” of Olga Semyonovna, and “knock the Darling down,” but, “concentrating upon her the close attention of the poet, raised her up.” Tolstoy reads “The Darling” in the context of a feminist movement among Russian women in the late nineteenth century, by which he regards Chekhov’s intention in creating the character of the “darling” as a counterexample to the “new woman,” stating that “in writing ‘The Darling’ he wanted to show what woman ought not to be.” Tolstoy, clearly disdainful of this feminist impulse, characterizes what he believed to be Chekhov’s intent:
I believe that while he was writing “The Darling,” the author had in his mind, though not in his heart, a vague image of a new woman; of her equality with man; of a woman mentally developed, learned, working independently for the good of society as well as, if not better than, a man; of the woman who has raised and upholds the woman question.
Tolstoy goes on to argue that Chekhov inadvertently created the character of a woman who, Tolstoy believes, is in fact the ideal of womanhood, in opposition to “the whole of the absurd and evil activity of the fashionable woman movement.” He argues that the character of Olga, who loves men selflessly, completely, and without judgment, is an ideal of the capacity for feminine love and that her eventual devotion to Sasha, the young boy, represents the highest ideal of maternal love attainable by a woman. Tolstoy concludes that while Chekhov intended to mock Olga for her blind devotion to the men in her life, he
unconsciously clothed this sweet creature in such an exquisite radiance that she will always remain a type of what a woman can be in order to be happy herself, and to make the happiness of those with whom destiny throws her.
While many modern readers and critics may call into question Tolstoy’s praise for Olga as an ideal woman, not to mention his disdain for a movement toward women’s rights, his essay raised the central questions upon which critics frequently focus in discussions of “The Darling”: to what extent is the story a mockery of the character of Olga Semyonovna, who cannot live without love, and to what extent does it represent her as an ideal of womanhood? Peterson describes the story as “a puzzle which has long bemused critics,” explaining that “to the modern critical sensibility ‘The Darling’ remains no less of a challenge than when it first appeared in print.” As Peterson explains, “For almost a century now readers have been trying to decide whether Chekhov’s woman is there to emulate or ridicule.”
Some critics have pointed out that while the story begins in mockery, its tone changes to one of pathos by the conclusion. Others consider Olga’s capacity for love to be, while not the saintly ideal described by Tolstoy, at least a redeeming character trait. Thomas Winner, for instance, claims that “While it appears at first that Olenka may become one of Chekhov’s typical figures of emptiness and hypocrisy, the fact that she is capable of love, even though it is submissive and possessive, distinguishes her from many Chekhovian lonely protagonists.” Nevertheless, Winner makes clear, as have many critics, that “Olenka’s absurdity cannot be overlooked.” Perhaps it is the very ambiguity of Olga’s character that has earned “The Darling” its place as one of Chekhov’s greatest stories, which, one hundred years after its initial publication, continues to be widely anthologized and as passionately discussed by critics as it was at the time of its initial publication.
Brent has a Ph.D. in American culture, specializing in cinema studies, from the University of Michigan. She is a freelance writer and teaches courses in American cinema. In the following essay, Brent discusses the characterization of the men in Olga’s life.
Chekhov is known for his virtually plotless plays and short stories, which focus more on the details of character than on action. “The Darling” is one such “character sketch,” in which all elements of the story work to portray the character of Olga Semyonovna. While critical discussion tends to focus on Olga herself, it is useful to examine the characters that surround her, both in their own light and in terms of the ways in which they illuminate Olga’s character. It is also interesting to note that there is a little bit of Chekhov himself in each of these characters, suggesting an undertone of self-parody on the part of the author.
The perspective of the townspeople is important at key points in the story as it can be used as an
What Do I Read Next?
- The Seagull (1896) is one of Anton Chekhov’s most celebrated plays. It concerns two actresses and two writers confronting a generation gap that was caused by changes in Russian society.
- The Essential Tales of Chekhov (1999) is a compilation of Chekhov’s most celebrated short stories. The introduction by the editor of the work, Richard Ford, discusses the significance of Chekhov’s short fiction to contemporary readers and writers.
- Chekhov, the Hidden Ground: A Biography (1998), by Thomas A. Eekman, is one of the two most recent biographies of Chekhov.
- Anton Chekhov and His Times (1995), edited by Andrei Turkov, includes letters from Chekhov, as well as excerpts of reminiscences about Chekhov by his contemporaries.
- The Itinerants: The Masters of Russian Realism(1996), by Yelena Nesterova, is a study of Russian Realist art, particularly painting, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
- Women in Society: Russia (1994), by E. M. Kotliarskaia, is a study of the social conditions of women in Russia.
- What Life Was Like in the Time of “War and Peace”: Imperial Russia, AD 1696-1917(1998), by the editors of Time-Life Books, is part of a Time-Life series. It covers Russian history and society in imperial Russia up to the revolution of 1917.
- Notes from the Underground (1864), by Fyodor Dostoyevsky, is a novella by one of the greatest Russian writers; it has had a vast influence on Western literature.
- The Death of Ivan Ilytch (1886), by Leo Tolstoy, is considered by many to be the greatest novella in Russian literature. It concerns the expressions of a dying man.
- My Childhood (1913-14) is by Maxim Gorky. Gorky, a friend and literary successor to Chekhov, was the founder of socialist realism in Russian literature; this novel is the first in his autobiographical trilogy.
indicator of Olga’s character development. A description of the impression made by Olga on the men and women in her town provides the central explanation of why she is nicknamed “the darling”:
At the sight of her full rosy cheeks, her soft white neck with a little dark mole on it, and the kind, naive smile, which came into her face when she listened to anything pleasant, men thought, ‘Yes, not half bad,’ and smiled too, while lady visitors could not refrain from seizing her hand in the middle of a conversation, exclaiming in a gush of delight, ‘You darling!’
When Olga develops a romance with the veterinary surgeon, the narrator again takes the perspective of Olga’s fellow villagers; the evidence of her affair is not confirmed directly, but it is indicated by the local perception that such an affair could be “surmised” by the sight of Olga in her garden with the veterinary surgeon; and the fact of the affair is made apparent only when Olga is heard in town discussing nothing but veterinary concerns. An important change in Olga’s character, which develops after the third man in her life has left her, is again described in terms of how she is perceived by her fellow townsfolk: “She got thinner and plainer, and when people met her in the street they did not look at her as they used to, and did not smile to her.” In other words, she is no longer the “darling” she once was to them.
Olga’s central character trait is that she thrives when there is a man in her life and loses all sense of meaning when she is without a man. Yet the particular men she chooses to marry and become involved with are telling of more subtle elements of her character. A closer look at the series of men who
“Olga’s central character trait is that she thrives when there is a man in her life and loses all sense of meaning when she is without a man. Yet the particular men she chooses to marry and become involved with are telling of more subtle elements of her character.”
become the center of Olga’s existence sheds light on her own character as well.
Olga’s first husband, Kukin, is the owner of an outdoor theater called the Tivoli. Kukin’s central character trait is his daily, ceaseless obsession with two concerns, the rainy weather, which affects his performances, and the “boorish” public, who do not appreciate the true art of the theater. Chekhov’s portrayal of Kukin resembles the type of short, parodic character sketch he mastered early in his career as a humor writer. Yet the character of Kukin may also be a form of self-parody on the part of Chekhov. Chekhov’s play The Seagull was first performed in 1896 and was a complete flop, in the eyes of critics and audience alike. Chekhov was strongly affected by the criticism of this production and was certainly in a position to regard the inappreciative public with disdain, not to mention a sense of the tragedy of the misunderstood artist. Kukin’s rant regarding the futility of creating theater for an ignorant audience caricatures the classic dilemma of the true artist who must submit his art to the scrutiny of an ignorant and misunderstanding public.
It’s enough to make one cry. One works and does one’s utmost; one wears oneself out, getting no sleep at night, and racks one’s brain what to do for the best. And then what happens? To begin with, one’s public is ignorant, boorish. I give them the very best operettas, a dainty masque, first rate music-hall artists. But do you suppose that’s what they want! They don’t understand anything of that sort. They want a clown; what they ask for is vulgarity.
These very words could easily have emanated from Chekhov himself in the wake of the initial failure of The Seagull on the stage. However, after the 1898 production by the newly formed, experimental Moscow Art Theater, Chekhov’s talent as a leading playwright was belatedly, albeit enthusiastically, acknowledged. By the time “The Darling” was published, in 1899, Chekhov may have been in a better position to parody such a character, whose blame of the inappreciative public for all his woes is a subject of mockery. Kukin’s concern with his indifferent public is later described in exaggerated metaphysical terms. There is an element of parody in Chekhov’s choice to elevate Kukin’s frustrations to the metaphysical level of “destiny.” And, to further the humorous exaggeration of Kukin’s discontentment, his struggle is described in terms of a military battle; when Olga lies in bed at night, hearing the sounds of the band and the fireworks emanating from the theater, “it seemed to her that it was Kukin struggling with his destiny, storming the entrenchments of his chief foe, the indifferent public.”
Kukin’s second, and equally emphatic, complaint in life is the weather—the rain—which he insists keeps his audience away. His concern with what seems to him continual rain could objectively be considered legitimate, given that he makes his living running an open-air theater.
And then look at the weather! Almost every evening it rains. It started on the tenth of May, and it’s kept it up all May and June. It’s simply awful! The public doesn’t come, but I’ve to pay the rent just the same, and pay the artists.
However, Chekhov’s description of Kukin’s despair over the weather is again parodic. Kukin manages to turn a rainstorm into a personal affront to himself as an artist; furthermore, his incessant railing against natural circumstances out of his control suggests that he prefers to blame external forces for his personal defeats. The next day, when “the clouds would gather again,” Kukin responds with a “hysterical laugh”: “‘Well, rain away, then! Flood the garden, drown me! Damn my luck in this world and the next! Let the artists have me up! Send me to prison!—to Siberia!—the scaffold! Ha, ha, ha!” Kukin’s preoccupation with the rain is an indication of his character, which sees only melodramatic tragedy in his life and is unable to enjoy even the night of his wedding to the “darling” Olga: “He was happy, but as it rained on the day and night of his wedding, his face still retained an expression of despair.”
Chekhov’s portrayal of Kukin’s physical appearance is equally unflattering, describing him in terms that suggest a weak, sickly, unattractive man:
He was a small thin man, with a yellow face, and curls combed forward on his forehead. He spoke in a thin tenor; as he talked his mouth worked on one side, and there was always an expression of despair on his face.
Rather than evoking pity or sympathy, the characterization of Olga’s husband describes a bitter, unattractive, unhappy man who spends his life blaming factors out of his control—such as the weather—for all of his woes in life. While Olga thrives during their marriage, Kukin only seems to whither away: “Olenka grew stouter, and was always beaming with satisfaction, while Kukin grew thinner and yellower.” It is clear that Kukin’s continual battle against rain and the public is a measure of his own inability to view the world and his life in any other than a negative way; he “continually complained of their terrible losses, although he had not done badly all winter.”
Olga’s response to Kukin is set in contrast to the narrator’s parodic and unflattering depiction of the theater owner. While the reader is meant to chuckle at Kukin’s incessant and hysterical ranting and raving over his “destiny,” Olga is truly moved. “Olenka listened to Kukin with silent gravity, and sometimes tears came into her eyes. In the end, his misfortunes touched her; she grew to love him.” Olga’s inability to see the absurdity of Kukin’s character and her genuine sympathy for his “misfortunes” are what ultimately cause her to fall in love with him. It is in part the disjunction between the narrative perspective on Kukin, which is mocking and parodic, and Olga’s perspective on Kukin, which is absurdly sympathetic, that sheds light on her character.
Olga’s second husband, Pustovalov, the manager of a lumberyard, is characterized in terms of his status as a social climber and of his piety. Pustovalov’s physical appearance is described in only two lines, which reveal, through key details, his class standing and aspirations: “He wore a straw hat, a white waistcoat, and a gold watch-chain, and looked more like a country gentleman than a man in trade.” This description uses visual cues to indicate a man who aspires to rise above his merchant class to that of “country gentleman” and who places great importance on the trappings of economic class as evidenced by the “gold watch-chain.” The character o
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�下组织有大量浆液性浸润。眼结膜囊内有淡黄色的干酪样物，个别眼部显著肿胀并向外突出。气囊浑浊、增厚,并含有浑浊的粘稠性渗出物或干酪样渗出物。心包膜肥厚、浑浊、粘连，心包膜以及心外膜上有纤维性蛋白附着，呈白色，同时可见心包膜与心外膜粘连。肝脏肿大，表面有一层黄白色的纤维蛋白附着，严重病例，肝脏渗出的纤维蛋白与胸腔、心脏、胃肠道粘连在一起。肠黏膜出血、溃疡，严重的可见到密集的小出血点。卵泡松软和血肿，坠落后可引起腹膜炎。有的病鸡十二指肠黏膜充血、出血、肿胀。
四、实验室检验
1.细菌染色镜检 无菌采取病死鸡的心、肝组织涂片，革兰氏染色镜检，可见有单个散在或成双排列、两端钝圆的革兰氏阴性杆菌存在。
无菌采取病鸡眶下窦内渗出物涂片，用革兰氏染色法染色后镜检，可见革兰氏阴性、两极染色、散在、单个或成对排列的两端钝圆的短小杆菌，间有卵圆形、球状菌体，无芽孢和荚膜。
2.细菌分离培养及生化反应 无菌采取病死鸡的心、肝组织，分别接种于普通琼脂培养基和麦康凯琼脂培养基，在37℃恒温箱中培养18小时，可发现在麦康凯培养基上的菌落呈红色，在普通琼脂培养基上有边缘整齐、隆起、灰白色、直径为1～3毫米的菌落。挑取菌落涂片镜检，可见革兰氏染色阴性杆菌，不形成芽孢，多数菌株能运动，有鞭毛。将上述培养的菌落作生化试验，该菌能产生靛基质，不分解尿素，不产生硫化氢，不液化明胶，MR试验阳性，VP试验阴性，能发酵葡萄糖、乳糖、甘露醇、产酸产气。
无菌采取病鸡眶下窦内渗出物于血液琼脂培养基上作平行划线接种，然后用葡萄球菌与原先的划线作垂直交叉接种。在蜡烛缸内经37℃培养48小时，可见圆形、光滑、边缘整齐、无色透明、露珠样、针尖大小的菌落生长在葡萄球菌周围。取培养物涂片，革兰氏染色后镜检，见有革兰氏阴性的椭圆形小杆菌。将上述培养的菌落作生化试验，能发酵葡萄糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖，产酸，而不能发酵乳糖。吲哚试验阳性，接触酶试验阳性。
3.血清学试验 无菌采取病鸡血清40份，用生理盐水作5倍稀释，在干净玻片上分别滴加传染性鼻炎抗原和被检血清各1滴，充分混匀，5分钟后观察结果。结果检出传染性鼻炎的阳性血清有37份。
4.回归试验 取8只健康产蛋鸡，分成两组，每组4只。1组为试验组，2组为对照组。将上述血液琼脂培养基培养分离的细菌用生理盐水作10倍稀释，取1组4只健康母鸡分别接种0.1～0.4毫升于鼻腔内；2组用生理盐水，每只鸡0.5毫升注入鼻腔内。接种后4天内1组出现甩鼻、流鼻液和面部肿胀等症状，而2组未出现异常变化。
5.药敏试验 取上述普通培养基培养的菌落用常规纸片法作药敏试验，结果该菌对头孢类、沙拉沙星高敏；对氧氟沙星、新霉素中敏；对环丙沙星、四环素、丁胺卡那霉素等不敏感。
根据上述发病情况、临床症状、剖检病变和实验室检查可诊断为传染性鼻炎和大肠杆菌混合感染。
五、治疗
1.所有发病鸡群用泰灭净（磺胺六甲氧嘧啶）饮水，首次量加倍，每天一次，连用5天；同时，再配合饮用安益健（头孢噻呋钠，山东大鸡制药有限公司），每天一次，连用5天。5天以后，再在水中加入威特奇（中药制剂，江苏镇江威特动物药业有限公司）和强力霉素混饮，每天一次，连用4天，沙拉头孢（沙拉沙星，南京龙马动物药业有限公司）每天一次，连用4天。
2.对发病的一批产蛋父母代种鸡，为增加治疗效果，在用上述药物治疗的同时，建议养殖户用英特威传染性鼻炎三价苗对鸡群进行了逐只注射。
3.病情严重的鸡只，除个别淘汰外，其他实行隔离注射治疗，头孢曲松钠(1 克)1支用20毫升生理盐水稀释后，每只鸡注射1毫升，每天1次，连用3天。
4．彻底清除鸡舍内粪便，每天清洗消毒水槽1～2次。加强舍内外环境的消毒，每天用百毒杀带鸡消毒1次，但消毒时应注意喷出的雾滴要小，以免因刺激过大加重病鸡呼吸道症状。
5．在保证鸡舍正常温度的情况下，保持通风，及时排气，降低氨气浓度，减轻对呼吸道黏膜的刺激。在发病症状逐渐减轻后，在饲料中加入蛋多多(中药制剂，促进卵泡发育) 和维生素E粉，连用20天，以使产蛋率尽快回升；同时，在饮水中按超倍用量加入优质多维，连用10天。
经采取上述综合措施，发病鸡群5天后病情得到控制，停止发病，7天后采食恢复正常，15天后产蛋率逐渐恢复到发病前的水平。注射疫苗的一批发病父母代种鸡，在注射疫苗2天后鸡群的精神状态即有明显好转，7天后产蛋恢复到正常水平。
六、防治总结
1.传染性鼻炎在每年的秋冬两季流行，流行期较长，夏季很少发生。一般来说，该病的发生主要与气候变化、潮湿、寒冷及鸡舍过于拥挤、通风不良等因素有关，就本批接诊的病例来看，发病原因应该是气候突然变化造成温度突然降低而养殖户又没有及时采取应对措施所致。
2.传染性鼻炎发生以后，磺胺类药物和抗生素对本病有明显疗效，用药以后，可在短时间内减轻症状，缩短病程，但由于药物不能杀死鸡体内的细菌，因此本病在停药后会反复发生，从而造成机体抵抗力降低而混合感染支原体病以及大肠杆菌病等其他疾病，一旦多病混发，不但会造成死亡增多，而且严重影响产蛋量。
3.鸡群一旦发生传染性鼻炎和大肠杆菌病的混合感染，用药时药量一定要足，疗程一定要长，千万不可因症状稍有好转就停止用药，否则一旦复发治疗难度会增大。一个疗程结束以后，必须接着使用下一个疗程的药物，中间不能有间隔。同时，对于大肠杆菌病，一定要在第一时间采病料作药敏实验，然后根据药敏实验结果选用高敏药物进行治疗。
4.由于传染性鼻炎发病后药物难以根治，因此要从预防上下功夫，除了对鸡群加强饲养管理外，疫苗接种不失为一个预防的好办法。在蛋鸡的育成期，可注射一次鼻炎疫苗，在产蛋前20天左右再免疫一次，可起到良好的预防作用。
5.对于鸡群发病后能否立即使用疫苗进行紧急接种，就本次治疗方案看，在发病初期立即注射疫苗可起到明显的治疗效果，由于英特威的鼻炎三价疫苗价格较高，因治疗成本的原因，只对发病的一起父母代种鸡进行了紧急接种，一些国产疫苗是否也能起到同等的治疗作用尚待以后进行相关试验。
作者简介：陈宝秋，男，兽医师，现任山东省费县兽医站副站长，长期从事兽医门诊工作，联系电话：13589670640
关键词： 行业新闻بامداد روز شنبه کیانوش رستمی یکی از اصلی ترین امیدهای مدال طلای کا
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and a dog as antonyms. If fat and thin are antonyms, thin is antonym to obese and overweight also because obese and overweight are synonyms.
What is the difference between Antonyms and Synonyms?
• Similar meaning words are called synonyms while apposite meaning words are called antonyms.
• All synonyms of a word are antonyms to the antonym of that word.
• Some words have different meanings, and not all meanings are synonyms of another word.
• Antonyms tell us that one word in the pair is not the same as another word in the pair. For example, if one is tall, he is certainly not short.The Fort William Henry Museum and Restoration has added a new feature – Living History!!
Step back in time at Fort William Henry. What was like to be at the outpost in the wilderness in 1757; the hardships and fears of being the front line in defense of the British Colonies from French invaders? Talk with those that were there!
Meet a British soldier of the 35th Regiment of Foot, sent to the New World to fight the long-standing enemy of Britain and finding yourself in an area very different than your homeland.
Talk with a French soldier who has traveled south from New France with the army of Montcalm, who will soon lay siege to Fort William Henry.
Ask the Ranger about the different tactics they learned from the Native American people who lived here that changed the way war is fought. Tactics that are still in use today with the modern military.
Listen as a soldier of the 42nd Highland Regiment plays the bagpipes to rally the men’s spirits and lead them into battle.
Learn the important part women played at the 18th century fortress and entrenched camp. These women kept the army clothed and fed while enduring great hardship.
History is alive at Fort William Henry! Open daily 9:00 am – 7:00 pm with tours on the hour (last tour begins at 5:00 pm). Call 518-668-5471 for more information.The White Four Pointed Star text symbol is a White star with two sets of vertical and horizontal points positioned directly opposite to each other.
In Unicode, the White Four Pointed Star is the character at code point U+02727. Its HTML code is ✧ and you can type it on your keyboard by pressing Alt + 10023 (in MS Word Only).
Continue reading for more details on this symbol.
Copy White Four Pointed Star Text Symbol
You can copy and paste this text Symbol wherever you need it. The copy button above will save you some time in doing so.
You can then paste it anywhere by pressing Ctrl and V on your keyboard once it has been copied.
White Four Pointed Star Symbol Information Table
There is some helpful information about the White Four Pointed Star text Symbol in the table below.
|NAME||White Four Pointed Star|
|SHORTCUT 1 (MS WORD)||Alt + 10023|
|SHORTCUT 2 (MS WORD)||02727, Alt X|
|SHORTCUT (MAC)||Option + 2727|
To the best of our ability, the above table has presented useful information about this text Symbol, including the keyboard shortcut, Unicode, and HTML code, as well.
Continue reading to gain a better understanding of how to get this symbol.
How to Get the White Four Pointed Star Sign
Although there is no dedicated White Four Pointed Star symbol key on the keyboard, you can still obtain this symbol by using the keyboard.
You can also insert this symbol in Word, Excel, PowerPoint, or Google Docs if you’re using one of the Microsoft Office or Google apps.
Below you’ll find several methods for accessing this symbol, including keyboard shortcuts and methods utilizing MS Office and Google Docs’ built-in navigation systems.
The symbol for White Four Pointed Star Alt Code (Keyboard Shortcut)
The White Four Pointed Star Alt Code is Alt + 10023.
Note: This Alt Code shortcut works in Microsoft Word for Windows only.
This Alt code method can be used to type this symbol by holding down the Alt key while typing 10023 on the separate numeric keypad on the right side of the keyboard
Below is a detailed step-by-step guide you may use to type the Symbol for White Four Pointed Star with your keyboard.
- Open your Microsoft Word document where you need to type this symbol.
- Click to place your cursor in the document where you need to type this symbol.
- On the keyboard, press down the Alt key with one hand.
- As you hold down the Alt key, press the White Four Pointed Star Alt Code (10023).
- Now release the Alt key.
After you release the Alt key, the White Four Pointed Star text symbol (✧) will immediately appear exactly where you place the cursor.
Insert White Four Pointed Star Symbol in Word/Excel/PowerPoint
You can quickly insert the White Four Pointed Star sign in Microsoft Office applications such as Word, Excel, or PowerPoint by using this simple mouse navigation.
The steps below will show you how to insert the White Four Pointed Star Symbol in Word, Excel, or PowerPoint.
- Open your Word or Excel, or PowerPoint document.
- Go to the Insert tab.
- On the far-right section, you’ll see the Symbols group. Select Symbol > More Symbols.
The Symbol window will appear as below.
- The symbol (✧) can be found in this window. To find it quickly, change the font to Wingdings then type 178 in the Character code: box. The White Four Pointed Star sign will be selected as soon as you type the code.
- Insert it into your Word document by clicking the Insert button.
- Close the Symbol dialog.
These are the steps for inserting the White Four Pointed Star symbol (✧) and any other symbol in Microsoft Word or other Office apps on both Windows and Mac OS.
White Four Pointed Star Symbol In Google Docs
Google Docs is also another text editor with which users may struggle to type or insert the White Four Pointed Star sign.
Meanwhile, Google Docs provides the simplest method for inserting symbols that are not found on the keyboard.
Without further ado, let’s get into it.
To get the White Four Pointed Star Symbol in Google Docs:
- Launch Google Docs and position your cursor where the symbol is going to be inserted.
- Go to Insert > Special Characters.
The Insert special characters window will appear., which includes a search bar and a drawing pad.
- Using the Search bar, search for White Four Pointed Star. Then, in the search results, double-click on the text Symbol for White Four Pointed Star to insert it into Google Docs.
- You can also draw the White Four Pointed Star Symbol using the drawing pad located below the search bar. If Google Docs recognizes the drawing, it will display the symbol and similar signs in the results box. Then double-click the symbol to insert it.
These are the steps to insert this and any other symbol into Google Docs.
White Four Pointed Star Symbol on The Character Map (Windows)
In Windows, the Character Map is a tool that can be used to view characters in any installed font, determine what keyboard input (or Alt code) is used to type those characters, and copy characters to the clipboard instead of typing them with your keyboard.
This section will demonstrate how to use the Character Map tools to easily copy and paste this Symbol.
Without further ado, let’s get into it.
- Search for Character Map in the Windows Start menu.
- You should see the character Map appear in the search results. Click on it to launch it.
- When it’s open, go to the bottom left corner of the window and click to expand the Advance view options.
- To easily locate the White Four Pointed Star Symbol on the Character Map, change the Font to Wingdings.
The symbol will be displayed for you to copy.
- To copy this symbol, double-click it, and it will be selected in the Characters to copy box. Then, finally, click the Copy button to copy it to your clipboard.
- Place your cursor where you want the symbol and press Ctrl + V to paste it.
And there you have it.
These are the steps you can take to copy and paste the White Four Pointed Star symbol or other symbols on your Windows PC.
Most people have difficulty typing or inserting this symbol. So, we’ve broken down the various methods and steps required to type or get it into your documents.
And as you can see above, we’ve attempted to cover as much information about the White Four Pointed Star text Symbol as possible.
Thank you for taking the time to go through this blog.NASA still hopes to send a spacecraft to Pluto within a few years, despite putting the mission on hold in September because of its soaring price tag. In an attempt to reduce the cost, the agency has decided to farm out the mission. Today, NASA's space science chief Ed Weiler urged universities and industry to come up with cheap plans that could make the flyby possible.
The flight to Pluto, along with a mission to Jupiter's moon Europa, was originally budgeted for $654 million. But this summer, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California--which was to carry out the mission--estimated that the real cost would be as much as $1.5 billion. Weiler said last September that NASA simply doesn't have the money to carry out both missions, but his decision to scrap the Pluto flyby sparked an outcry of protest from planetary scientists.
At a press conference today, Weiler noted the space agency can't promise that there will be enough money to give the winner of the competition--due to be chosen by next fall--the green light to proceed. But he says he hopes that the mission can be saved, especially since orbital mechanics dictate that it be launched no later than 2006. Pluto is receding from the sun, and researchers estimate its atmosphere will freeze and collapse around 2020. Says Weiler: "This is our last chance in a generation to get to Pluto."با توجه به ظرفیت محدود اعتبارات عمرانی و ضرورت مشارکت مردم در تکمیل پروژه های زیرساختی، صندوق پروژه و ابزارهای نوین تامین مالی از طریق بازار سرمایه از راهکارهای اصلی تکمیل پروژه ها است که تاکنون مغفول مانده و حتی وعده وزیر راه در تشکیل ۱۴ صندوق سرمایه گذاری پروژه محور هنوز محقق نشده است.
به گزارش مارجین نیوز ، با توجه به محدودیت اعتبارات عمرانی و طرح های تملک دارایی، ظرفیت قانونی تبصره 19 از قانون بودجه 1400 در خصوص تامین مالی پروژه های عمرانی بر اساس مشارکت عمومی-خصوصی نیز مطرح شد.
اما مشارکت عمومی-خصوصی برای تکمیل پروژه های عمرانی و زیربنایی تنها راهکار حل مشکل تامین منابع مالی مورد نیاز نیست و ظرفیت های دیگری در کشور وجود دارد که می تواند برای تکمیل پروژه ای عمرانی به کار گرفته شود بدون آنکه منابع محدود عمرانی صرف تکمیل این پروژه ها شود.
* معاون وزیر راه: راه حل تکمیل پروژه ها مشارکت عمومی-خصوصی است
معاون برنامه ریزی و مدیریت منابع وزرات راه و شهرسازی با انتقاد از حذف ظرفیت قانونی تبصره 19 از قانون بودجه 1400 در خصوص تامین مالی پروژه های عمرانی بر اساس مشارکت عمومی-خصوصی در این باره می گوید: در یک برآورد کلی انجام گرفته با نرخ فهرست بهای سال 1399، هزینه احداث و تکمیل طرح های موجود در پیوست 1 قانون بودجه در حوزه زیرساختهای حمل و نقل حداقل حدود 500 هزار میلیارد تومان است، این در حالی است که کل بودجه عمرانی کشور برای همه دستگاههای اجرایی معادل یک پنجم رقم مورد نیاز مذکور برای پروژه های موجود زیرساختهای حمل و نقل نیز نیست.
به گفته امیر محمود غفاری، معنی این موضوع این است که چنانچه قرار باشد تامین مالی منابع مورد نیاز صرفا از منابع بودجه عمومی و با روند موجود انجام پذیرد، تکمیل این طرح ها بدون احتساب عدمالنفعهای غیرقابل باور و هزینه های استهلاک و تعدیل ها و غیره حداقل چندین دهه به طول می انجامد، بنابراین بدیهی است تامین منابع مالی این �
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کنم تا پس از ارزیابی توسط ثوری این کمیته تشکیل گردد.
اکبر احدی با تاکید بر اینکه در معرفی اعضای شورای فنی نظرات شخصی خود را دخیل نکرده است، گفت: سابقه قهرمانی آسیا، تحصیلات و حضور در کادرفنی تیم های ملی از شرایط اساسنامه برای حضور در کمیته فنی است و اصلا نگاه شخصی به این موضوع نداشتم. 99 درصد اعضا شرایط حضور در شورای فنی را دارا هستند. البته دو یا سه نفر دیگر نیز وجود داشتند که من اسامی آنها را به رئیس فدراسیون بیان کردم اما به حکم قرعه این 9 نفر انتخاب شدند.
وی در پاسخ به این سوال که با توجه به اختلاف نظر با علیرضا استکی نگرانی بابت همکاری با او در جلسه شورای فنی نخواهد داشت، گفت: اتفاقا باید اختلافات در شورای فنی وجود داشته باشد. این اختلاف، خانوادگی است و قطعا با توجه به حضور رئیس فدراسیون به عنوان بزرگتر این رشته نتایج خوبی حاصل خواهد شد. استکی نیز از لحاظ شخصی با من مشکلی ندارد و اختلافات ما فنی است. من و استکی با هم دوست و رفیق هستیم اما دو دیدگاه مختلف داریم و هر دو نیز تابع نظر شورای فنی خواهیم بود.
سرمربی تیم ملی بوکس در خصوص زمان تشکیل نخستین جلسه شورای فنی و اولویت برنامه های این شورا توضیح داد: امروز (یکشنبه) قرار است نخستین جلسه برگزار گردد. سه آیتم آنالیز اساسنامه و نقاط قوت و ضعف آن برای رفع کردن ایرادت، انتخاب اعضای کادرفنی تیم جوانان و در ادامه انتخاب کادرفنی تیم بزرگسالان از برنامه های نخستین جلسه شورای فنی خواهد بود. با توجه به اینکه زمان کافی نداریم باید هر چه زودتر در خصوص این مسائل تصمیم گیری کنیم و در ادامه احتمالا ماهی یک یا دو جلسه خواهیم داشت.منبع: خبرگزاری تسنیمToppa ricamata Airsoft ricamata cucita per forze speciali imperiali di Star Wars Inferno Squad
Inferno Squad, o semplicemente Inferno, era un'unità di comando delle forze speciali imperiali comandata da Iden Versio durante la guerra civile galattica. Inferno fu incaricato per la prima volta di infiltrarsi e distruggere i Sognatori, un gruppo estremista composto da ex membri dei partigiani di Saw Gerrera che non erano presenti con Saw su Jedha dopo la Battaglia di Yavin.
Dimensioni: 120 x 125 mm (4'7 x 4'9 pollici)در حالیکه تنها دو روز به همه پرسی استقلال اسکاتلند مانده، رهبران سه حزب اصلی بریتانیا با امضای تعهدی مکتوب وعده داده اند که در ازای پاسخ نه به استقلال این سرزمین از بریتانیا، اختیارات پارلمان اسکاتلند را افزایش می دهند.
اعطای اختیار کامل مالی در بخش خدمات درمانی به دولت محلی اسکاتلند و تقسیم عادلانه منابع مالی بریتانیا در سرتاسر این کشور نیز از دیگر وعده های گنجانده شده در این تعهدنامه است.
هفته گذشته نیز آنها در اقدامی مشترک به اسکاتلند رفتند تا هر یک جداگانه شهروندان را به ماندن در بریتانیا ترغیب کنند.
گوردن براون، نخست وزیر سابق بریتانیا و رهبر پیشین حزب کارگر که از مخالفان استقلال اسکاتلند است نیز اعطای قدرت بیشتر به این سرزمین را منوط به پاسخ نه به همه پرسی خواند و گفت: «مردم اسکاتلند در صورت استقلال امتیازات مربوط به واحد پولی بریتانیا و تصمیم گیری در سطح بریتانیا را از دست می دهند. از دست دادن یک میلیون فرصت شغلی که در گرو ماندن در بریتانیاست را نیز باید افزود.»
با افزایش نسبت موافقان استقلال در نظرسنجی ها، مخالفان مبارزات خود را برای متقاعد کردن رای دهندگان به ماندن در بریتانیا را شدت بخشیده اند.
در مقابل موافقان جدایی اسکاتلند، نیز بیکار ننشسته اند و در آخرین روزهای قبل از همه پرسی با یادآوری فواید استقلال رای دهندگان را ترغیب می کنند که به جدایی رای بدهند.
گروهی از آنها در ابتکاری طنزآلود با قرار دادن موانعی در یک بزرگراه، آن را بعنوان مرز نمادین بین اسکاتلند و انگلستان اعلام کرده اند.
در آخرین ساعات باقی مانده به همه پرسی روز پنجشنبه، موافقان و مخالفان استقلال اسکاتلند از بریتانیا می کوشند تا رای دهندگان را با خود همراه سازند، یکی برای رفتن و دیگری برای ماندن.Com'è dura l'avventura (1987) streaming
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Com'è dura l'avventura streaming...Un industriale di pochi scrupoli vuol far naufragare una vecchia nave per riscuotere il premio dell'assicurazione. Spedisce quindi in Africa per recuperarla (e guidarla nell'ultimo, fatale viaggio) il suo goffo cognato e un capitano di lungo corso insabbiato da parecchi anni (rispettivamente Villaggio e Banfi).زغال اخته چربی سوز است. پلی فنول موجود در زغال اخته به شدت باعث چربی سوزی در بدن می شود. زغال اخته مشکل تنگ شدگی عروق را برطرف می کند. محققان به افرادی که دارای مشکل تنگ شدن عروق هستند، مصرف زغال اخته را توصیه می کنند.
زغال اخته، عروق خونی تنگ شده به دلیل رسوب کلسترول و تصلب شرائین را گشاد می کند. محققان با اعلام این مطلب که تنگ شدن عروق از مهم ترین دلایل بروز سکته قلبی به شمار می رود، توصیه می کنند: گشاد کردن این عروق تنگ شده از مهم ترین اقدامات درمانی است که در این میان مصرف زغال اخته می تواند بسیار موثر باشد.
مصرف زغال اخته سبب افزایش سلامت قلب می شود
تحقیقات نشان داد: مصرف زغال اخته باعث کاهش چربی شکمی و کاهش کلسترول می شود ک
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Straus, Behind Closed Doors: Violence in the American Family (1980).
Irene Anne Jillson & Bettina Scott, Violence, Women and Alcohol: Reducing the Risks, Redressing the Consequences, Dept of Health and Human Services, Draft Report, Jan. 1996.
Mary Ann Dutton, The Dynamics of Domestic Violence: Understanding the Response from Battered Women, 68 (9)Fla. Bar J. 24, 26 (1994).
Myths and Facts about Domestic Violence, The Commission on Domestic Violence. 1998, Yahoo. CompuServe 2000 8 August 1999. .
Smolowe, Jill. When Violence Hits Home. Time Magazine 4 July 1994. 8 Aug. 1999 .
Who Is Most Likely to Be Affected by Domestic Violence, The Commission on Domestic Violence. 1997, Yahoo. CompuServe 2000 8 August 1999. .秋天气候变化复杂，早、中、晚室内外温度和湿度相差较大，在这样的环境下，很容易让疾病缠身，那应该如果预防呢？现在就和小编一起来看看吧。
呼吸道感染
秋天气候变化复杂，早、中、晚室内外温度和湿度相差较大，在这样的环境下，呼吸道粘膜不断受到乍暖乍寒的刺激，致使粘膜上皮纤毛运动紊乱，功能失调，防御能力下降，抵抗力减退，给病原微生物提供了可乘之机，极易使人伤风感冒，还会引起扁桃体炎、气管炎和肺炎等。患有慢性支气管炎和哮喘的病人症状也往往会加重。
因此，在秋季应随时注意天气变化，加强锻炼，增加抵抗力，这是预防呼吸道疾病的关键。
心血管疾病
秋天是心血管病的多发季节，因天气转凉，皮肤和皮下组织血管收缩，心脏血管负担加大，导致血压增高。寒冷还会引起冠状动脉痉挛，直接影响心脏本身血液的供应，诱发心绞痛或心肌梗塞。
因此，在秋天，心血管病人应坚持服用治疗冠心病或高血压的药物，定期检查心电图和血压，及时调整治疗方案，积极预防感冒等可诱发心血管病加重的疾病。
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人气排行#星星的味道是什么#
我想应该是玫瑰花的味道吧。于是我坐上了火箭，一飞冲天，以一百万光速的推进向前走。在这时，我闻到阵阵迷人心脾的花香，睁开眼，我发现自己来到了一个很小的星球，在这座星球的中心有一株玫瑰花。哦！它的周围还悬浮着许多的小星星。我小心翼翼地摘下了一颗小星星，一股气味，一股浓郁的玫瑰花香向我扑鼻而来，而且空气里到处弥漫着花香。玫瑰花突然含着泪对我说: “不要摘掉我，我要努力绽放自己，让每一个角落都能闻到玫瑰花的香，这样，小王子要到香味就能找到我。”努力让自己变得更好，这样小王子就会来到玫瑰花的身边了。是呀！带着爱和期待的星星，有着玫瑰花的香味。我们经常听说路由器或是等产品忘记登录密码后按RESET键，那RESET是什么按键呢？一起来看看吧~
RESET是什么按键？
RESET是复位按键，又叫重启键，在智能手机或智能PDA产品里，都有一个隐藏的按钮“RESET”。
复位键是存在于电脑主机、笔记本电脑、智能手机、智能PDA或其它电子产品的键位，又叫重启键，即RESET。因其功能原因，位置一般比较隐蔽，不容易碰触。
台式电脑的复位键在机箱上一般在启动键附近，笔记本电脑的复位键在键盘顶。在电脑键盘上同时按下CTRL+ALT+DEL也可以复位，为软复位，又叫热启动。
作用：它的作用是当电子产品或电脑死机的时候按下此键，能够在不断电的情况下，使其重新启动。
本文以红米k50pro为例适用于MIUI 13系统Camille ne zaman vampir olur?
Bu, uzmanlarımızın zaman zaman aldığı bir sorudur. Şimdi, ilgilenen herkes için eksiksiz bir ayrıntılı açıklama ve cevabımız var!Sordu: Lorena Emmerich MD
Puan: 4.3/5(28 oy)
Camille 'Orijinalleri' Açmayı Seçmek zorunda kaldıAurora onu vampir kanını içmeye zorladı ve boğazını kesti. Klaus ona aşkını ilan ettiğinde , ve şimdi Cami geçiş aşamasındadır. Ancak Klaus, insan kanıyla beslenip bir vampire dönüştüğü konusunda ısrar ederken, Cami bir insanı öldürmeye kararlıdır (özür dilerim).
Camille hangi bölümde ölüyor?
Ve yine de, Perşembe gecesi bölümü 'Artık Kalp Kırıklığı Yok' Lucien onu süper melez kurt adam ısırması ile ısırdıktan sonra Cami'yi ölüm döşeğinde yatarken buldu. Ve Marcel, Freya, Vincent, Davina, Hayley, Elijah, Hope ve Klaus bir tedavi bulmak için yarışırken bile Cami, The Originals'da öldü.
Aurora Cami'yi hangi bölümde öldürüyor?
Şeytan buraya gelir ve iç çeker , Cami, Klaus'u Lucien Kalesi'nden kurtarmaya çalışırken Aurora ile yeniden bir araya gelir. Aurora, bağlı bir Klaus'un önünde Cami'yi yavaş ve acılı bir şekilde öldürmeye çalışır.
Camille nasıl öldü?
Cami öldü Lucien'in zehri yüzünden , çete onu kurtarmanın bir yolunu bulamıyor. En azından hayranlara Klaus ve Cami için bir cehennem bölümü verildi, çift bu üç küçük kelimeyi değiş tokuş etti ve gerçek bir randevuya çıktı.
Camille'i kim vampir yaptı?
Camille 'Orijinalleri' Açmayı Seçmek zorunda kaldı
Aurora Klaus ona aşkını ilan ettiğinde onu vampir kanını içmeye ve boğazını kesmeye zorladı ve şimdi Cami geçiş sürecinde. Ancak Klaus, insan kanıyla beslenip bir vampire dönüştüğü konusunda ısrar ederken, Cami bir insanı öldürmeye kararlıdır (özür dilerim).
The Originals 3x10 Cami geçişe uyanıyor (Aurora tarafından öldürüldü)42 ilgili soru bulundu
Camille hayata geri mi dönüyor?
Zehirli ısırığa karşı birkaç başarısız mücadele girişiminin ardından, kısa sürede tedavisinin olmadığı anlaşıldı ve arkadaşlarının gözyaşlarıyla vedalaşmasından sonra, Camille sonunda Klaus ile öldü onu sevdiğini söyleyerek ve huzur bulacağına söz vererek.
Camille neden Death in Paradise'ı terk etti?
Paris'e dönmek ve gizli çalışmak için Saint Marie'den ayrıldı. Camille dördüncü serinin sonunda diziden ayrıldı. O DI Humphrey Goodman'ı bir ayrılık öpücüğü ile terk etti , uzun süredir devam eden istemeyecekler-ilişkilerinin ardından.
Klaus Camille'e aşık mı?
Cami ölmeden önce Klaus'a korktuğunu itiraf eder. Ancak Klaus, Cami'ye ölümüne kadar onun yanında olacağına dair güvence verdi. Birbirlerine aşklarını itiraf ediyorlar son bir kez ve Klaus onu kollarında ölene kadar teselli etti.
Hayley ve Elijah bir araya geliyor mu?
Ve 4. Sezon galasında sonunda tüm malzemeleri topladı. Hayley ve Elijah The Originals'da yeniden bir araya geldiler, ancak Klaus hala Marcel tarafından esir tutuluyor. ... Elijah, Marcel tarafından ısırılmadan önce, hayranlar bunu hatırlayacaktır. o ve Hayley sonunda bir araya geldi .
Lucien neden Klaus'u öldürmek istedi?
Eski Frenemiler (Eski Dostlar), Eski Müttefikler, Düşmanlar; Yüzyıllar öncesinden Eski Tanıdıklar, Lucien, Klaus'un ilk vampir efendisi, diye diledi Lucien. sireline tehdit altında olduğu için Klaus'u korumak için , Lucien, Klaus'a ve ailesine sırt çevirmeden önce Klaus'u arkadaşı olarak gördü, Lucien kaçırdı ve Klaus'u elde etmeye çalıştı ...
Aurora Lucien gibi mi oluyor?
Ama bin yaşından büyük olduğu için, var olan en güçlü vampirlerden biriydi ve Orijinal Vampirlerden sonra ikinci sıradaydı. Aurora, Lucien'den sonra dönüştürülen Trinity'nin ikinci üyesiydi. Lucien Canavar olana kadar onu grubun en güçlü ikinci üyesi yaptı.
Diana Mikaelson kimdir?
Dianna Nicole Mikaelssen, Doktora. (nee Labonair) bir Orijinal Ölümsüz Tribrid'dir. Alaina Olsen ve Cyrus Labonair'in kızıdır. O Elijah Mikaelson'ın karısı , Saga Mikaelssen'in üvey annesi ve Olympia Mikaelson'ın annesi.
Rebekah orijinallerde ölüyor mu?
Rebekah ölümlü vücudunda intihar etti Zoraki bir Marcel'in Klaus'un emirleri yüzünden hayatına son vermesini engellemek için. Beklediği gibi, ev sahibi bedeninin ölümü, ruhunun orijinal bedenine dönmesine neden oldu.
Davina öldü mü?
Evet, Davina, görünüşe göre 20. bölümün sonunda gitmiş. , ama atalarla anlatacak daha çok hikaye var. Kol ve Vincent ve hatta Marcel'in onlardan intikam almak istemesiyle ilgili anlatacak daha çok hikaye var. Davina ile anlatacak daha çok hikayem olduğunu söyleyebilirim.
Lucien neden yüzünü kesiyor?
Klaus ve Elijah, Lucien'i Tristan'dan kurtarmaya çalıştılar ama Tristan onları, gerçekte ne olduklarını bildiği ve ona bir şey yapmaya kalkışırlarsa ifşa edeceği bilgisiyle tehdit etti. Tristan daha sonra bir hançer çıkardı ve Lucien'in ağzını kesti. , yüzünü yaralıyor.
Klaus, Caroline'ı mı yoksa Camille'i mi daha çok seviyordu?
Cami'
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谈到巴克利的成就时，却总是先想起他贯串始终的那张喋喋不休的嘴，他这辈子说过太多太多“脍炙人口”的话了，如果出一份“口头影响力”的榜单，第2名到第99名成就的总和都比不上巴克利一小我私家。巴克利一直都是一个奇特的人，无论是身材、技术还是个性。巴克利曾经说过:“在我的年月，乔丹是我见过的唯一一个和我拥有同样统治力的球员。
”差别的是，乔丹统治的是外线，巴克利统治的则是内线。只管他官方数据上的身高是1.98米，可是坊间传说巴克利只有1.91米!一个很显着的事实是乔丹的身高是1.98米，而巴克利显着要比乔丹矮。正是这样一个矮个子，在长达十几年的时间里统治着那些比他高一个头的内线球员。
初进同盟时，巴克利带着“保龄球”的外号，人们对于这个矮个胖子并不看好，可是仅仅一个赛季后，他就彻底改变了人们的看法:。他可以在一堆7尺长人的头顶抢到篮板，然后像坦克一样开进到前场并以怪兽般的进球完成演出。半场进攻中，巴克利能在任何区域投篮掷中，然后回到防守端，他可以轻松盖掉那些中锋的投篮，也能跑到外线抢断后卫们的球。
于是，他获得了一个令人敬畏的新外号:“查尔斯爵士”。巴克利在76人队待了8个赛季，8年中，查尔斯爵士的名声越来越大，可是球队获得总冠军的希望却越来越小。于是，巴克利转会来到了太阳队。
在太阳的第一年，巴克利到达了职业生涯的巅峰场均拿下25.6分和12.2个篮板，领导太阳取得了62胜20负的队史最佳战绩，他本人也当选为通例赛MVP。西部决赛对阵西雅图超音速，巴克利第7场生死战中一人独得44分、24个篮板，率队杀入总决赛。
惋惜的是，太阳最终在总决赛中以2:4不敌拥有乔丹的公牛巴克利就这样与总冠军擦身而过。实际上，那年公牛战胜太阳的角逐都是在最后时刻才分出胜负，多年后巴克利回忆到:“我们的运气实在是太差了，要知道，哪怕是其中的一场角逐，我们能在最后时刻投进一个活该的进球，我们就很有可能成为总冠军。
”4年后，眼看总冠军的梦想要成泡影，巴克利再次要求转会，这一次，他来到了拥有德雷克斯勒和奥拉朱旺的火箭，可是年迈的巨星组合并没能资助查尔斯爵士完成自己最终的总冠军梦想。巴克利因为左膝的股四头肌腱断裂而宣布退役，当他脱离的时候，他仍然两手空空。不外人们显然不会忘了这个拥有统治力的胖子。
比尔-沃顿曾说:“在 篮 球场上，他能做任何事情。没人能像他这样，他是一个统治级的篮板手和防守者，他能射进3分，还能运球和组织进攻。”当卡塞尔被问到如何形容巴克利时，他说:“强硬，强硬，强硬，强硬，强硬，强硬，强硬，强硬，实在是强硬!”卡塞尔一 口吻连说了9个“强硬”。
NBA同盟有一个很是有意思的规则，那就是巴克利规则。巴克利拥有也许是同盟历史上最硕壮的臀部，他持球背身进攻时，险些没有防守球员能够抵抗住他硕臀的一连攻击。于是“巴克利规则”应运而生，这一规则的官方名称叫做“背身单打5秒规则”，也就是说球员持球背身单打的时间不能凌驾5秒钟，今后任何人都无法再用24秒的时间一步步地将防守队员拱到篮下，然后轻松得分了。
本文关键词：NBA,历史上,硕,壮的,臀部,亚博全站app官网登录,背身,单打,5秒,规则
本文来源：亚博全站app官网登录-www.sunrisescion.comTipo 1: analogico
Gli analoghi con 1,83 milioni di persone (27%) rappresentano il gruppo di popolazione più grande. Gli analoghi sono il tipo più vecchio con un'età media di 69 anni. Gli analogici usano la TV lineare e la radio e il televideo più di tutti i tipi, ma sono i meno attrezzati in termini di attrezzature. Il 30 per cento di questo gruppo è offliner, una persona su tre del gruppo analogico non ha uno smartphone. Gli analoghi usano meno i social media, la messaggeria e lo streaming.
Tipo 2: Classico
Con 1,76 milioni di persone (26%), i classici rappresentano il secondo gruppo più grande. La loro età media di 49 anni è molto vicina alla media della popolazione di 48 anni. I classici sono i più probabili mainstreamer in termini di utilizzo. Fanno un uso superiore alla media della TV lineare e della radio, così come dei pagamenti mobili. Hanno anche una grande affinità con Facebook e il gioco.
Tipo 3: Sempre attivo
1,1 milioni di persone (17%) appartengono al gruppo always-on, che è il gruppo più giovane con un'età media di 26 anni. Uso continuo online in tutte le sfaccettature. Sono i più grandi utenti di giochi, varie piattaforme di social media, video e musica in streaming e sono caratterizzati da un uso piuttosto mobile dei media. La radio e la TV sono usate più spesso della media da questo gruppo mentre è in movimento, e lo streaming è più spesso fatto in movimento - su un computer portatile o uno smartphone.
Tipo 4: esperto di tecnologia
I tech-savvy sono il gruppo più piccolo con 0,8 milioni di persone (13%) e allo stesso tempo il gruppo con la percentuale più bassa di donne. Con un'età media di 43 anni, sono leggermente più giovani della media della popolazione di 48 anni. Le persone tech-savvy sono molto ben equipaggiate con dispositivi tecnici, hanno una grande affinità per i prodotti Apple e il più delle volte usano un tablet o uno smartwatch. Usano la TV e la radio più spesso della media e preferiscono guardare la TV in differita. Le persone attente alla tecnologia usano più spesso l'e-banking e i pagamenti senza contanti con i telefoni cellulari. Hanno la più grande base di utenti delle piattaforme aziendali, usano spesso strumenti di videoconferenza, trasmettono molta musica o video in streaming e ascoltano i podcast.
Tipo 5: Selettivo
1,1 milioni di persone (17%) appartengono ai selettivi. Con un'età media di 44 anni, sono leggermente più giovani della media della popolazione di 48 anni. I selettivi usano la TV e la radio con una frequenza inferiore alla media e usano i media in modo specifico con un focus funzionale. In confronto, comunicano più frequentemente tramite Threema o servizi di messaggeria alternativi e usano il loro smartphone più spesso della media per l'e-banking e i pagamenti senza contanti. Nell'area audio, preferiscono ascoltare i podcast.
Grandi differenze tra i tipi di utilizzo dei media
Secondo l'indagine, ci sono differenze particolarmente forti nell'uso dei social media dei tipi. Facebook è particolarmente popolare con il classico tipo di utilizzo dei media. Instagram, Pinterest, Snapchat, Twitter e TikTok sono in testa tra gli always-on. LinkedIn è usato più spesso della media dalle persone esperte di tecnologia e selettive. Ma ci sono anche notevoli differenze nell'uso di giochi, TV, radio, video e musica in streaming, podcast, e-banking, gadget elettronici, messenger e strumenti di videoconferenza.
Il Tipi di utilizzo dei media sono stati formati utilizzando analisi di fattori e cluster. Tutti i risultati sull'uso dei media e dei dispositivi dallo studio Digimonitor sono stati usati come caratteristiche che formano il tipo - senza demografia e interessi. In questo modo, i cinque tipi riflettono il più possibile la varianza nell'uso dei media e dei dispositivi elettronici.
Lo studio Digimonitor rileva annualmente dal 2014 l'uso dei media e dei dispositivi elettronici in Svizzera. I dati sono rappresentativi della popolazione residente in Svizzera dai 15 anni in su (6,7 milioni di persone), perché vengono intervistati anche gli off-line e le persone senza un collegamento fisso. Su incarico della Interessengemeinschaft elektronische Medien (IGEM) e della WEMF, il Link Institute ha intervistato in aprile e maggio 2021 un totale di 1'980 persone, di cui 1'016 nella Svizzera tedesca, 762 nella Svizzera francese e 202 nella Svizzera italiana.Milk is nutritious, white, liquid food produced by the mammary gland of mammals. It’s primary food all over the world to get nutrients to every age of people.
It’s the main product to make many other products out of it like cream, paneer, butter, buttermilk, curd, and many more. People consume all these products. Moreover, it is calcium-rich and provides energy to the body.
It fills your stomach for a more extended period, so you don’t get hungry much. Some people drink it for breakfast until their next meal. Also, for kid’s growth and development, it is an essential part of our diet.
One can do many things like chocolates, cake, muffins, bread, halwa, and custard desserts.
Commonly Known As
Nutritional Profile of Milk
Nutritional profile per 100 gms
- Calories: 42
- Protein: 3.4g
- Carbohydrate: 5g
- Fat: 1g
- Cholesterol: 5mg
- Sodium: 44mg
- Potassium: 150mg
Source: USDA & Google
Good source of protein
It is rich in protein. Therefore, it is necessary for the body for development and growth. Moreover, it helps the immune system work better and repair your cells. It contains an amino acid that is very necessary for the body to function nicely.
Moreover, there are two kinds of protein found in it: casein and whey protein. Both are high-quality proteins. Athletes drink this every day to boost muscle repair.
Good for bone health
It contains nutrients that benefit bone health, such as vitamins, calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus, and magnesium. All these nutrients maintain strong & healthy bones.
Prevent weight gain
Milk contains various components that help you feel full for a more extended period, which may prevent overeating. Drinking it has a lower risk of obesity as well. So, a higher intake of dietary calcium has a lower risk of overweight.
Work as versatile
It’s one of the most important beverages that provide multiple health benefits, and one can make n number of recipes out of it.
One can drink it in various ways like a smoothie, coffee, soups, or oats. If you are not a milk fan, you can eat other ingredients made of it like curd. It’s one of the healthiest dietary food for any age of people.
Generally, there are no side effects to drinking milk, but too much milk can cause allergic reactions like vomiting, watery eyes, itchy skin, and cramps. It happens due to people who are intolerant of lactose.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is drinking milk daily good?
Drinking milk
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OR: 21.8, 95% CI 7.8 to 61.3) and knee (OR: 20.3 95% CI 10.2 to 40.3) had substantially greater risk of concussion compared with all other locations. However, these scenarios occurred infrequently compared with more common impact types such as head to trunk, lower limb and pelvis impacts (figure 4). All subvariables analysed were more likely to result in concussion than the most common and lowest risk scenario of head to trunk contact (figure 4). All illegal tackle types (referee determined high tackle, tip tackle and tackle in the air) were associated with the highest risks of concussion, but all were rare events (these tackle types occur at a frequency of ≤2 per 1000 tackles). High tackles were 36.5 times more likely (OR: 36.5, 95% CI 24.7 to 53.9) to result in a concussion when compared with passive shoulder tackles (figure 5) .
In our study of tackle characteristics and concussion, 70% of concussions associated with the tackle were sustained to the tackler and 30% to the ball carrier. In order to establish the importance of each coded variable in predicting the risk of concussion in the tackle, we pioneered using a machine learning model to identify the variables that, when removed from the model, were associated with the largest increase in concussion prediction error. The (1) accelerating player, (2) tackler speed, (3) head contact type and (4) tackle type were identified as the four tackle characteristics that statistically represented the greatest likelihood for modifying the risk of concussion within a tackle. Accelerating player and tackler speed variables had the largest influence on whether a concussion occurred in the tackle.
Next, a multivariate GLM was used to model the associations between the different scenarios within each retained variable and the likelihood of concussion. Specifically, the likelihood of concussion increased significantly if (A) the tackler or both players were accelerating rather than the ball carrier accelerating, (B) the tackler was at high speed rather than at low speed or (C) if the head made contact with the opposing player’s head, knee or the ground rather than the most common location (the trunk). Furthermore, high tackles were 36.5 times more likely to result in a concussion compared with passive shoulder tackles. Of the variables analysed, the subvariables associated with the highest risk of concussion were never the most frequent, suggesting that the current structure and governance of the game already goes some way to reducing player exposure to the highest risk tackle characteristics.
Concussion prevention opportunities
To successfully reduce the risk of concussion in professional rugby union, the theoretical options for risk mitigation need to be considered against the real-world landscape.20 We identified the tackle characteristics that were most associated with the risk of concussion and we noted their frequency. The frequency of each event is important as a moderate risk; high frequency event may cause more concussions than a high-risk, low-frequency event. That is not to say, for example, that reducing the frequency of high risk but relatively uncommon events such as referee-determined high tackles should be overlooked. This should still be a target to reduce concussion risk, but it may not yield the same real-world benefit as a risk reduction strategy focused on reducing the frequency of a more common match scenario.
The most effective, although extreme, method for preventing concussion would be to eliminate exposure by removing the tackle from the game.21 However, removing one of the sports integral game events would change rugby union beyond recognition21 22 and is therefore unlikely to be a practicable option at the professional level. A more considered approach would be to suggest modifications to, or the reinforcement of, existing law to drive changes in player behaviour.4 This is a model that has been credited with significant success in other areas of the game such as the scrum23 and in other contact sports such as ice hockey.24 In addition, initiatives that focus on addressing the technical aspects of the tackle via coach and player education could also be beneficial in reducing concussion risk if structured, translated and implemented appropriately.20 The potential of this approach is discussed in more detail later.
Tackler speed and acceleration
The most compelling finding from this study was the association between tackler movement (both acceleration and speed) and the risk of concussion. Previous studies have also suggested that the velocity dynamics of the tackle increase the risk of injury,1 7 but we have specifically identified an association between the tackler’s movement profile and concussion risk. The most commonly observed game situation that led to a high speed and/or accelerating tackler was where the tackling player ‘rushed’ up out of the defensive line to make an effective tackle and specifically attempted to try and stop the ball carrier making the pass.
Limiting the speed of the tackler in the performance-focused professional game will likely prove a complex challenge, but based on the findings of this study, will likely afford the biggest reduction in concussion risk (but not necessarily incidence given the low frequency of occurrence of these events). When the tackler was travelling at high speed, more injuries were sustained by backs than forwards (data not shown). Thus, one strategy for consideration might be to reduce the space between ‘backlines’ at set piece plays to reduce subsequent energy transfer7 in the tackle. The potential negative consequence of this may however be that tacklers accelerate into tackles more often to attain physical dominance in the contact event. Presently, that situation is relatively rare, but an increase in frequency of tacklers accelerating would in fact increase concussion risk, as we have shown in the results of this study.
Tackler versus ball carrier risk
In agreement with previous research conducted in elite rugby union,9 the majority of concussions in this study were sustained to the tackler (70%). Moreover, recent data from the English Premiership showed that 46% of all injuries sustained to the tackler during a competitive season were concussion,2 further highlighting the need to focus on reducing the number of concussions sustained specifically by the tackler.
The fact that there is a difference in the risk of concussion between the tackler and ball carrier is unsurprising given that their direction and points of application of energy in the tackle differ.7 The existing tackle law limits the height of the tackler’s contact on the ball carrier to the line of the ball carrier’s shoulders, thereby reducing the risk of contact with the head of the ball carrier. Consistent application of this law with sanctions for non-compliance by the tackler is critical in minimising the risk of concussion to the ball carrier. However, it is conceivable that further modification (lowering) of the permitted height of the tackler’s contact with the ball carrier may reduce the risk of head injury to both players, with relatively greater reductions in risk to the ball carrier.6 It is important to consider that the tackler, who is at greatest risk of head injury even for higher impact types such as head-to-head contact, may also be protected to some extent by the lowering of tackle height, with the potential to reduce the absolute number of concussions by a meaningful amount, although the magnitude of this relationship remains unknown.
It is therefore probable that to directly increase the safety of the tackler, the most efficacious approach would likely be to focus on creating technical and/or tactical modifications through coach and player awareness and education. A recent study in elite youth players demonstrated an association between tackle technique and concussion,25 and although not formally studied, cases of poor tackle technique leading to injury have been observed in the professional game.7 In addition, a biomechanical analysis of 15 rugby union players suggested that tackles executed on the non-dominant side were less compliant with current coaching recommendations regarding head position.26 A large case–control study in the professional game would likely provide insight into the specific areas of focus for such player safety initiatives in the future. It is acknowledged that it remains unknown as to whether this type of intervention would be more or less effective in the professional game compared with the amateur game, and further research is required to guide the judicious application of such an intervention.
Referee-determined high tackles were 36.5 times more likely to result in a concussion when compared with the most common tackle type (passive shoulder), and in addition, head-to-head contacts were around 40 times more likely to result in a concussion when compared with head-to-trunk contact. Both of these findings are in agreement with findings presented in previous studies.5–7 It is of note that these findings also support World Rugby’s recent initiative of a zero-tolerance towards head contact with game-wide increased sanctions now in operation for contact with the head.27 However, while efforts to shift actions away from the highest risk events should be applauded, it is also important to monitor the possibility that reducing risk in one area of the game may change the risk in another.28 In this study, head-to-knee and head-to-ground contacts were also high risk, with approximately a 20-fold increase in risk when compared with the most common head contact type of head to trunk. However, any intervention that replaces head-to-head impacts with any other impact type stands to reduce the incidence of concussion based on the present data. One previous study found that the all-injury risk to the tackler increased when the tackler made low tackles.7 However, it is important to note that lowering the tackle height would not necessarily increase the frequency of low tackles per se. As mentioned, the desired outcome would be to increase the frequency of mid-height tackles where the risk of concussion is lowest (figure 4). Since head-to-trunk contact types are already the most frequently occurring, it would seem likely that any interventions designed to minimise contact with the head may increase the frequency of these tackle types. This would, as a consequence, reduce the incidence of concussion in the professional game. Due to the unpredictability of possible outcomes following any tackle–height law intervention, the continued monitoring of all injury risk using well-established injury surveillance systems is warranted. It should also be noted that the illegal tackle types (referee determined high tackle, tip tackles and tackles in the air) were the rarest events suggesting that current law is effective in deterring these behaviours.
One limitation of this study was the reliance on subjective interpretation for many of the tackle variables presented. In future, microtechnology could be used to quantify data such as relative speeds and thus improve the objectivity of the analysis. Separately, a number of concussions were excluded from the analysis due to poor video footage or postmatch presentation. These cases, particularly those with delayed onset of symptoms, may differ from those presenting on field, and the present study is unable to examine this possibility. While illegal tackle types were identified based on referee decisions in the study (high tackle, tip tackle and so on), whether the law was applied correctly in each situation (ie, did the referee make the correct decisions at the time) remains unknown and warrants further investigation. While adequately powered to detect subtle differences in concussion risk between variables in our multivariate model, a number of these variables were subject to sparse data bias and should be interpreted with caution (online supplementary files).29 In addition, this study was underpowered for the analysis of subvariable interactions and to consider the effect of different tackle characteristics on injury severity. Given the likely differences in physical and tactical game characteristics at different levels of the rugby, these findings are unlikely to be generalisable to non-professional cohorts.
Summary and conclusions
Tackles that result in head-to-head contact have the high risk of concussion. Change, reinforcement and/or modification of existing tackle law particularly regarding the height of the tackle may reduce direct contact with the head of the ball carrier. Furthermore, identifying ways of reducing the speed and acceleration of the tackler while they make effective tackles must also explored. We emphasise that rule changes bring with them unknown impact on the risk of other injury types.
What are the findings?
The majority of tackle-related concussions are sustained by the tackler.
Concussion risk was greater if the tackler accelerated into the tackle or moved at high speed.
Concussion risk was greater when there was head contact with the opposing player’s head or knee, or head contact with the ground.
How might it impact on clinical practice in the future?
This paper provides evidence and direction for national and international governing bodies to explore coaching and rule changes to methods for reducing the speed and acceleration of the tackler and for reducing the occurrence of head-to-head contact.
Supplementary file 1
Supplementary file 2
Supplementary file 3
Supplementary file 4
Twitter Matt Cross @mattjcrossie
Contributors MJC, SK, MR and RT conceived and designed the study and coding template. BH coded all video clips for analysis, and MJC, SW and KAS analysed and interpreted the data. MJC prepared the first draft of the manuscript and then all authors made substantial contributions to the various iterations of the manuscript resulting in the final version.
Competing interests MJC and SK are employed by the Rugby Football Union. MR, BH and RT are employed by World Rugby. CR and PM are employed by the Welsh Rugby Union and have previously received research funding from World Rugby. SW and KAS are employed by the University of Bath and have previously received research funding from the Rugby Football Union.
Ethics approval Research Ethics Approval Committee for Health (REACH) at the University of Bath.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.Arriva dalla maratona la prima medaglia nel nuoto per l'Italia ai Giochi olimpici di Londra. Martina Grimaldi si è aggiudicata il bronzo nella 10 chilometri vinta dall'ungherese Eva Risztov. Argento alla statunitense Anderson.
"Con queste soddisfazioni va via anche la fatica: fra un po' comunque crollero'. Sono molto contenta. Alla fine ho dovuto stringere i denti, per mantenere il bronzo e per tenere dietro le avversarie. Poi ho toccato per terza ed ho fatto urlo liberatorio, dopo una stagione intensa. Ci speravo tanto: era difficile comunque".
Cosi', ai microfoni di Sky, Martina Grimaldi, dopo aver conquistato la medaglia di bronzo nei 10 chilometri femminili di nuoto dei Giochi olimpici di Londra. "Spero di avere regalato emozioni a tutti. Dedico il bronzo ai miei due allenatori, ai miei genitori, ai miei zii, a tutti i miei amici, alle Fiamme Oro e alla mia squadra di Bologna", ha concluso l'azzurra.
Il Capo della Polizia, Prefetto Antonio Manganelli, si e' congratulato con l'Agente Scelto Martina Grimaldi, atleta del Gruppo Sportivo della Polizia di Stato Fiamme Oro, per la medaglia di bronzo conquistata alle Olimpiadi di Londra nel nuoto gran fondo.وزارت خزانه داری آمریکا رسما نام چین را در فهرست دستکاریکنندگان نرخ ارز قرار داد.
به گزارش ایسنا به نقل از گاردین، برای نخستین بار از سال ۱۹۹۴ میلادی آمریکا نام چین را به عنوان یکی از کشورهای دستکاری کننده در نرخ ارز به فهرست سیاه خود افزود. این اقدام پس از آن صورت میگیرد
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نظرات بینندگان در مورد این مطلب两亲共聚物及溶剂效应对溶液合成无机材料的形貌调控研究
【摘要】：两亲性共聚物分子本身的微观相分离性质可在溶液中产生丰富有序的自组装结构,作为模板能诱导生成多形碳酸钙复合物。与过去多数在水溶液体系中的工作不同,论文创新性地采用混合溶剂体系,系统研究了溶剂效应对多种无机物的形貌调控作用。论文结合两亲共聚物的模板作用和混合溶剂效应的双重调控机制,合成出大量形貌新颖的碳酸钙复合物,并把这一方法拓展到了其它无机材料的合成中。研究结果表明,合理地组合运用这两种调控作用,是实现无机材料的分子设计和形貌控制合成的一条可能的途径。进一步辅以简便优化的合成工艺,将有希望发展成为一种理想的多形无机材料工业化生产路线。
论文中选择典型的可溶性两亲共聚物聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸(简称PS-PAA)为模板介质,研究了水溶液及小分子有机溶剂/水二元混合溶剂体系中,碳酸钙为主的多形无机材料的形成。通过SEM,XRD,TG-DTA,IR光谱,Raman光谱,粒径分析等现代分析测试手段,对材料进行外观形貌、尺寸,内部微结构等各种物化性质的表征,找出影响材料性质的合成工艺因素,来实现材料的设计合成,同时对材料的形成过程进行初步的机理推测。并通过对部分材料的应用性能探索研究,发掘其应用价值。
研究发现采用动态溶液化学沉淀反应方法,在PS-PAA为介质的水溶液体系中合成的碳酸钙复合物具有二级团聚结构。一次团聚体尺度在纳米级。二次团聚体为这些纳米颗粒的再次聚集,并形成各种形貌的复合物,尺度为微米级。PS-PAA分子量、反应温度、介质浓度、及搅拌速率等条件对复合物一次团聚及二次团聚的形貌,尺度及其结构都产生各自不同的影响效果。通过调节这些工艺条件,可以初步实现碳酸钙复合物的设计合成
应用红外光谱和拉曼光谱互为佐证地全面分析了球形碳酸钙复合物的物相组成,认为复合物由纳米尺度的方解石碳酸钙和离子化的PS-PAA钙盐组成。并通过IR-热重联用的分析方法,对复合物在TG曲线上产生各失重台阶所对应的物质进行提取并分析,进一步证实了复合物各物相的组成。
在物相组成分析的基础上,结合对碳酸钙微晶尺寸、形貌等结构表征,以及علی جزینی زاده به معرفی اقدامات انجام شده در فرودگاه های سیستان و بلوچستان در سال 98 پرداخت و گفت: در این راستا می توان به احداث ساختمان پلیس فرودگاه ایرانشهر و ساختمان سپاه حفاظت فرودگاه زابل، اجرای پروژه ساخت دیوار حفاظتی ضلع جنوب فرودگاه زاهدان جهت اجرای چراغ های تقرب باند 35 راست، مطالعه پروژه احداث ساختمان تکنیکال بلاک و ترمینال زاهدان، اجرای پروژه بهسازی فرودگاه های زاهدان، زابل، ایرانشهر و سراوان و سایت ارتباطی بیرک و احداث ساختمان اداری فرودگاه سراوان اشاره کرد.
مدیرکل فرودگاه های سیستان و بلوچستان همچنین به جرای پروژه هایی از جمله احداث شبکه گاز فرودگاه زاهدان، احداث ایستگاه تقلیل فشار گاز فرودگاه های زاهدان و ایرانشهر، تملک اراضی ضلع شرق و شمال شرقی، احداث ساختمان جنبی و مطالعات بهسازی باند قدیم فرودگاه زاهدان، برقراری ارتباط فیبر نوری و اجرای پروژه تطویل و تعریض باند فرودگاه سراوان و مطالعات احداث ساختمان اداری و برج مراقبت پرواز فرودگاه ایرانشهر اشاره کرد.
وی در معرفی برنامه های اداره کل فرودگاه های سیستان و بلوچستان در سال 99 نیز گفت: در این راستا می توان به پروژه جابه جایی دیوار حفاظتی ضلع شرق و شمال شرقی فرودگاه زاهدان جهت برطرف کردن محدودیت های عملیات پروازی باند جدید، بهسازی باند قدیم و احداث ساختمان تکنیکال بلاک، برج مراقبت و ترمینال فرودگاه زاهدان، احداث ساختمان اداری و برج مراقبت پرواز ایرانشهر، احداث جاده حفاظتی فرودگاه زابل و ایرانشهر، اجرای دیوار حفاظتی و بهسازی سطوح پروازی فرودگاه خاش اشاره کرد.
جزینی زاده همچنین از برنامه ریزی برای احداث جاده دسترسی خودروهای سوختگیری به رمپ پروازی، بهره برداری از پروژه گاز رسانی به فرودگاه زاهدان، نصب سیستم کمک ناوبری NDB/DME و راه اندازی برج مراقبت و عملیاتی کردن باند فرودگاه سراوان و احداث ساختمان موتورخانه برق اضطراری و پست برق این فرودگاه خبر داد.This week’s double portion, Aharei Mot and Kedoshim, begins with a litany of seemingly unrelated laws. The proscriptions include sexual conduct (“Let no woman lend herself to a beast to mate with it”), agricultural practices (“You shall not sow your field with two kinds of seed”) and scapegoating (“He who set the Azazel-goat free shall wash his clothes and bathe his body in water; after that he may re-enter the camp”).
The portion goes on to detail some of the Torah’s biggest hits: the injunction against male homosexual practice and the commandments to leave fields’ corners un-gleaned for the poor and the wanderer, observe an annual day of atonement and love the stranger. While the historical significance of this latter set of laws is understood, those mentioned earlier emit a whiff of musty old age when put to the test of contemporary legal conceptions. What the portion’s laws show us, however, is that their regulatory ambition itself may be more significant than their content.
During God’s recitation of these laws to Moses, the Israelites were in the second year of their 40-year sojourn through the desert, en route to the Promised Land. Their exodus was a crash course in turning a loose band of 600,000 freed slaves into a people with national consciousness. The story of how they built a national identity different from the one they left behind is told in and between the lines about physical hardships, new religious practices and, as the portion indicates, hundreds of new prohibitions.
The coupling of reminders to “not copy the practices of the land of Egypt” with the litany of rules and regulations — many of them sexual — suggests that notions of community and identity are as contingent on the conception of separateness as on the nuts and bolts of those distinctions. The imperative to be distinguished from the people of Egypt is given in the plural (“ta-asu”), whereas individual commandments are variably singular and plural. This alternating focus on the individual and the collective builds up an emphasis on the need of each individual to conform to the group standard. We see that Israel’s eponymous “struggle with God” is fundamentally a struggle to build community with individuals whose desires may be in conflict with each other’s and with the new social directives.
Of Leviticus 18’s 24 sexual prohibitions, 22 are about varying degrees of incest, which scholars say was a regular practice of the Egyptian royals. Chapter 20’s reiteration of the prohibitions is paired with their punishments, which range from excommunication to death by roasting (“they shall be burnt by fire,” Leviticus 20:14). Many commentaries on Leviticus’s sexual prohibitions stop at remarking on the aptness of its legislation against incest in a time of the Israelites’ expansion, but there’s more going on.
First of all, the letter of the law is not explicitly about reproductive sex. The operative phrase warns against “uncovering nakedness” (“lo tigaleh”), and also appears in Exodus 20:23 to refer to wearing modest attire in sacred places. The specificity of “do not uncover the nakedness,” as opposed to “do not know” or “do not lie with” suggests that the prohibitions are concerned less with viable reproduction, as is often suggested, than with the consciousness of the law’s intent to modify behavior. Most important to this reading of the portion
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a feeder, the door didn’t slam shut for 2 seconds—just enough time for one of the incompatible birds to slip in and join his sweetie.The East River is shown in red on this satellite photo of New York City
|Municipality||New York City|
|Source||Long Island Sound|
|Mouth||Upper New York Bay|
|Length||16 mi (26 km)|
|- left||Newtown Creek, Flushing River|
|- right||Westchester Creek, Bronx River,|
Bronx Kill, Harlem River
The East River is a salt water tidal estuary in New York City. The waterway, which is actually not a river despite its name, connects Upper New York Bay on its south end to Long Island Sound on its north end. It separates the borough of Queens on Long Island from the Bronx on the North American mainland, and also divides Manhattan from Queens and Brooklyn, which are also on Long Island. Because of its connection to Long Island Sound, it was once also known as the Sound River. The tidal strait changes its direction of flow frequently, and is subject to strong fluctuations in its current, which are accentuated by its narrowness and variety of depths. The waterway is navigable for its entire length of 16 miles (26 km), and was historically the center of maritime activities in the city, although that is no longer the case.
Technically a drowned valley, like the other waterways around New York City, the strait was formed approximately 11,000 years ago at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation. The distinct change in the shape of the strait between the lower and upper portions is evidence of this glacial activity. The upper portion (from Long Island Sound to Hell Gate), running largely perpendicular to the glacial motion, is wide, meandering, and has deep narrow bays on both banks, scoured out by the glacier's movement. The lower portion (from Hell Gate to New York Bay) runs north-south, parallel to the glacial motion. It is much narrower, with straight banks. The bays that exist, as well as those that used to exist before being filled in by human activity, are largely wide and shallow.
The section known as "Hell Gate" - from the Dutch name Hellegat or "passage to hell" given to the entire river in 1614 by explorer Adriaen Block when he passed through it in his ship Tyger - is a narrow, turbulent, and particularly treacherous stretch of the river. Tides from the Long Island Sound, New York Harbor and the Harlem River meet there, making it difficult to navigate, especially because of the number of rocky islets which once dotted it, with names such as "Frying Pan", "Pot, Bread and Cheese", "Hen and Chicken", "Nigger Head", "Heel Top"; "Flood"; and "Gridiron", roughly 12 islets and reefs in all, all of which led to a number of shipwrecks, including the British frigate Hussar which sank in 1780 while carrying gold and silver intended to pay British troops. The stretch has since been cleared of rocks and widened.Washington Irving wrote of Hell Gate that the current sounded "like a bull bellowing for more drink" at half tide, whilte at full tide it slept "as soundly as an alderman after dinner." He said it was like "a peaceable fellow enough when he has no liquor at all, or when he has a skinful, but who, when half-seas over, plays the very devil." The tidal regime is complex, with the two major tides - from the Long Island Sound and from the Atlantic Ocean - separated by about two hours; and this is without consideration of the tidal influence of the Harlem River, all of which creates a "dangerous cataract", as one ship's captain put it.
The river is navigable for its entire length of 16 miles (26 km). In 1939 it was reported that the stretch from The Battery to the former Brooklyn Navy Yard near Wallabout Bay, a run of about 1,000 yards (910 m), was 40 feet (12 m) deep, the long section from there, running to the west of Roosevelt Island, through Hell Gate and to Throg's Neck was at least 35 feet (11 m) deep, and then eastward from there the river was, at mean low tide, 168 feet (51 m) deep.
The broadness of the river's channel south of Roosevelt Island is caused by the dipping of the hardy Fordham gneiss which underlies the island under the less strong Inwood marble which lies under the river bed. Why the river turns to the east as it approaches the three lower Manhattan bridges is currently geologically unknown.
In the stretch of the river between Manhattan Island and the borough of Queens, lies Roosevelt Island, a narrow (maximum width 800 feet (240 m)) 2-mile (3.2 km) long island consisting of 147 acres (0.59 km2). Politically part of Manhattan, it begins at around the level of East 46th Street of that borough and runs up to around East 86th Street. Formerly called Blackwell's Island and Welfare Island, and now named after President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, it was the site of a penitentiary, and a number of hospitals, but now consists primarily of apartment buildings, park land, and the ruins of older buildings. It is connected to Queens by the Roosevelt Island Bridge, to Manhattan by the Roosevelt Island Tramway, and to both by a subway station. The Queensboro Bridge runs across Roosevelt Island, but no longer has a passenger elevator connection to it, as it did in the past. The abrupt termination of the island on its north end is due to an extension of the 125th Street Fault.
Other islands in the river are U Thant Island - formerly Belmont Island - south of Roosevelt Island, which was named after U Thant, the former Secretary-General of the United Nations; and Mill Rock, Wards and Randalls Islands, which have been joined together by landfill, and are used as park land, for a stadium, and to support the Triborough Bridge and the Hell Gate Bridge, Rikers Island, a small island bought by the city in 1884 to be a prison farm and expanded with landfill from under 100 acres (40 ha) to over 400 acres (160 ha), which is currently the site of the city's primary jail, and North and South Brother Islands, all of which lie north of Roosevelt Island.
The Bronx River drains into the East River in the northern section of the strait, and the Flushing River, historically known as "Flushing Creek" empties into it near LaGuardia Airport via Flushing Bay.
North of Randalls Island, it is joined by the Bronx Kill. Along the east of Wards Island, at approximately the strait's midpoint, it narrows into a channel called Hell Gate, which is spanned by both the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge (formerly the Triborough), and the Hell Gate Bridge. On the south side of Wards Island, it is joined by the Harlem River.
Newtown Creek on Long Island drains into the East River, and forms part of the boundary between Queens and Brooklyn. The Gowanus Canal was built from Gowanus Creek, which emptied into the river. Historically, there were other small streams which emptied into the river - including the Harlem Creek, one of the most significant tributaries originating in Manhattan - but these and their associated wetlands have been filled in and built over.
Prior to the arrival of Europeans, the land north of the East River was occupied by the Siwanoys, one of many groups of Algonquin-speaking Lenapes in the area. Those of the Lenapes who lived in the northern part of Manhattan Island in a campsite known as Konaande Kongh used a landing at around the current location of East 119th street to paddle into the river in canoes fashioned from tree-trunk in order to fish.
Dutch settlement of what became New Amsterdam began in 1623. Some of the earliest of the small settlements in the area were along the west bank of the East River on sites that had previously been Native American settlements. As with the Native Americans, the river was central to their lives for transportation for trading and for fishing. They gathered marsh grass to feed their cattle, and the East River's tides helped to power mills which ground grain to flour. By 1642 there was a ferry running on the river between Manhattan island and what is now Brooklyn, and the first pier on the river was built in 1647 at Pearl and Broad Streets. After the British took over the colony in 1664, and was renamed "New York", the development of the waterfront continued, and a shipbuilding industry grew up once New York started exporting flour. By the end of the 17th century, the Great Dock, located at Corlear's Hook on the East River, had been built.
Historically, the lower portion of the strait, which separates Manhattan from Brooklyn, was one of the busiest and most important channels in the world, particularly during the first three centuries of New York City's history. Because the water along the lower Manhattan shoreline was too shallow for large boats to tie up and unload their goods, from 1686 on - after the signing of the Dongan Charter, which allowed intertidal land to be owned and sold - the shoreline was "wharfed out" to the high-water mark by building retaining walls that were filled in with every conceivable kind of landfill: excrement, dead animals, ships deliberately sunk in place, ship ballast, and muck dredged from the bottom of the river. On the new land were built warehouses and other structures necessary for the burgeoning sea trade Many of the "water-lot" grants went to the rich and powerful families of the merchant class, although some went to tradesmen. By 1700, the Manhattan bank of the river has been "wharfed-out" up to around Whitehall Street, narrowing the strait of the river.
After the signing of the Montgomerie Charter in the late 1720s, another 127 acres of land along the Manhattan shore of the East River was authorized to be filled-in, this time to a point 400 feet beyond the low-water mark; the parts that had already been expanded to the low water mark - much of which had been devastated by a coastal storm in the early 1720s and a nor'easter in 1723 - were also expanded, narrowing the channel even further. What had been quiet beach land was to become new streets and buildings, and the core of the city's sea-borne trade. This infilling went as far north as Corlear's Hook. In addition, the city was given control of the western shore of the river from Wallabout Bay south.
Expansion of the waterfront halted during the American Revolution, in which the East River played an important role early in the conflict. On August 28, 1776, while British and Hessian troops rested after besting the Americans at the Battle of Long Island, General George Washington was rounding up all the boats on the east shore of the river, in what is now Brooklyn, and used them to successfully move his troops across the river - under cover of night, rain, and fog - to Manhattan island, before the British could press their advantage. Thus, though the battle was a victory for the British, the failure of Sir William Howe to destroy the Continental Army when he had the opportunity allowed the Americans to continue fighting. Without the stealthy withdrawal across the East River, the American Revolution might have ended much earlier.
Wallabout Bay on the River was the site of most of the British prison ships - most notoriously HMS Jersey - where thousands of American prisoners of war were held in terrible conditions. These prisoners had come into the hands of the British after the fall of New York City on September 15, 1776, after the American loss at the Battle of Long Island and the loss of Fort Washington on November 16. Prisoners began to be housed on the broken-down warships and transports in December; about 24 ships were used in total, but generally only 5 or 6 at a time. Almost twice as many Americans died from neglect in these ships than did from all the battles in the war: as many as 12,000 soldiers, sailors and civilians. The bodies were thrown overboard or were buried in shallow graves on the riverbanks, but their bones - some of which were collected when they washed ashore - were later relocated and are now inside the Prison Ship Martyrs' Monument in nearby Fort Greene Park. The existence of the ships and the conditions the men were held in was widely known at the time through letters, diaries and memoirs, and was a factor not only in the attitude of Americans toward the British, but in the negotiations to formally end the war.
After the war, East River waterfront development continued once more. New York State legislation which in 1807 authorized what would become the Commissioners Plan of 1811 also authorized the creation of new land out to 400 feet from the low water mark into the river, and with the advent of gridded streets along the new waterline - Joseph Mangin had laid out such a grid in 1803 in his A Plan and Regulation of the City of New York, which was rejected by the city, but established the concept - the coastline become regularized at the same time that the strait became even narrower.
One result of the narrowing of the East River along the shoreline of Manhattan and, later, Brooklyn - which continued until the mid-19th century when the state put a stop to it - was an increase in the speed of its current. Buttermilk Channel, the strait that divides Governors Island from Red Hook in Brooklyn, and which is located directly south of the "mouth" of the East River, was in the early 17th century a fordable waterway across which cattle could be driven. Further investigation by Colonel Jonathan Williams determined that the channel was by 1776 three fathoms deep (18 feet (5.5 m)), five fathoms deep (30 feet (9.1 m)) in the same spot by 1798, and when surveyed by Williams in 1807 had deepened to 7 fathoms (42 feet (13 m)) at low tide. What had been almost a bridge between two landforms which were once connected had become a fully navigable channel, thanks to the constriction of the East River and the increased flow it caused. Soon, the current in the East River had become so strong that larger ships had to use auxiliary steam power in order to turn. The continued narrowing of the channel on both side may have been the reasoning behind the suggestion of one New York State Senator, who wanted to fill in the East River and annex Brooklyn, with the cost of doing so being covered byselling the newly made land. Others proposed a dam at Roosevelt Island (then Blackwell's Island) to create a wet basin for shipping.
Filling in part of the river was also proposed in 1867 by engineer James E. Serrell, later a city surveyor, but with emphasis on solving the problem of Hell Gate. Serrell proposed filling in Hell Gate and build a "New East River" through Queens with an extension to Westchester County. Serrell's plan - which he publicized with maps, essay and lectures as well as presentations to the city, state and federal governments - would have filled in the river from 14th Street to 125th Street. The New East River through Queens would be about three times the average width of the existing one at an even 3,600 feet (1,100 m) throughout, and would run as straight as an arrow for five miles. The new land, and the portions of Queens which would become part of Manhattan, adding 2,500 acres (1,000 ha), would be covered with an extension of the existing street grid of Manhattan.
Variations on Serrell's plan would be floated over the years. A pseudonymous "Terra Firma" brought up filling in the East River again in the Evening Post and Scientific American in 1904, and Thomas Alva Edison took it up in 1906. Then Thomas Kennard Thompson, a bridge and railway engineer, proposed in 1913 to fill in the river from Hell Gate to the tip of Manhattan and, as Serrell had suggested, make a new canalized East River, only this time from Flushing Bay to Jamaica Bay. He would also expand Brooklyn into the Upper Harbor, put up a dam from Brooklyn to Staten Island, and make extensive landfill in the Lower Bay. At around the same time, in the 1920s, Dr. John A. Harriss, New York
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moving body is determined by the elegant method of Lewis and Tolman. The relation between transverse mass and longitudinal mass is found by the method of Bumstead, and thus the longitudinal mass of a moving body is obtained.
In § 3 dimensional equations are employed to derive the relations of acceleration and force in two systems of reference.
In § 4 from considerations concerning the mass of a moving body two essential equivalents of postulate R are determined, each of which furnishes a possible means for the experimental proof or disproof of the theory of relativity. The researches of Bucherer have been thought to afford the requisite experimental confirmation in the first case; this matter is treated in § 5. In § 6 suggestions are given for a new crucial experiment for testing the theory of relativity, this being associated with the second essential equivalent of R in § 4. The writer desires to call especial attention to this proposed experiment.
In § 7 the intimate relation of the mass and the total energy of a body is pointed out and two theoretical means are suggested for determining the velocity of light indirectly, that is, without direct measurement of this velocity. These experiments, if they could be performed with sufficient accuracy, would afford an interesting and striking confirmation of the theory of relativity, provided of course that they turn out according to the predictions of this theory.
A few remarks on the principle of least action are found in § 8, and § 9 is given to some speculative considerations which are intended as brief suggestions of means by which one may represent to himself the conclusions of relativity as natural parts of a consistent view of physical phenomena.
§ 1. Fundamental Definitions and Postulates.
If m, M and v are respectively the mass, momentum and velocity of a body we shall assume (as in the classical mechanics) that they are connected by a relation of the form
and hence any one of these quantities is determined in terms of the other two (except that mass is not thus determined when velocity and momentum are zero). We shall take mass and velocity to be the two fundamental quantities, so that momentum is defined in terms of them.
Likewise we shall define the kinetic energy E of a moving body by means of the usual relation
Later we shall see that "mass" is variable and is not in general independent of the direction in which it is measured; consequently, we must take for m in the above formulae the mass of the body in the direction of its motion.
We shall take for granted the following laws of conservation of momentum and energy and electricity:
Postulate . The sum total of momentum in any isolated system remains unaltered, whatever changes may take place in the system, provided that it is not affected by any forces from without.
Postulate . The sum total of energy in any isolated system remains unaltered, whatever changes may take place in the system, provided that it is not affected by any forces from without.
Postulate . The sum total of electricity in any isolated system remains unaltered, whatever changes may take place in the system, provided that the system as a whole neither receives electricity from nor gives out electricity to bodies not belonging to the system.
The "action" of a moving body in passing from one position to another may be defined as the space integral of the momentum taken over the path of motion. If we denote this action by A we have therefore
Now ds = vdt, so that we have also
If several bodies are involved we have
where the summation is for the various bodies in the system.
We may state the fundamental principle of least action in the following form:
Principle of Least Action. The free motion of a conservative system between any two given configurations has the property that the action A is a minimum, the admissible values of the action with which A is compared being obtained from varied motions in which the total energy has the same constant value as in the actual free motion.
§ 2. Dependence of Mass on Velocity.
Suppose that we have two systems of reference and moving with a relative velocity v. We inquire as to whether, and in what way, the mass of a body as measured on the two systems depends on v. Will a given body have the same measure of mass when that mass is estimated in units of and in units of ? And will the mass of a body depend on the direction of its motion by means of which that mass is measured? Our purpose in this section is to answer these two questions.
The two most important directions in which to measure the mass of a body are, first, that perpendicular to the line of relative motion of and and, secondly, that parallel to this line of motion. For convenience in distinguishing these we shall speak of the "transverse mass" of a body as that with which we have to deal when we are concerned with the motion of the body in a direction perpendicular to the line of relative motion of and ; when the motion is parallel to this line we shall speak of the "longitudinal mass" of the body.
Lewis and Tolman determine what they call the "mass of a body in motion," employing for this purpose a very simple and elegant method. This "mass" is what we have just defined as the transverse mass of the body. We employ the excellent method of these authors in deriving the formula for transverse mass.
Suppose that an experimenter A on the system constructs a ball of some rigid elastic material, with unit volume, and puts it in motion with unit velocity in a direction perpendicular to the line of relative motion of and , the units of measurement employed being those belonging to . Likewise suppose that an experimenter C on constructs a ball of the same material, also of unit volume, and puts it in motion with unit velocity in a direction perpendicular to the line of relative motion of and ; we suppose that the measurements made by C are with units belonging to . Assume that the experiment has been so planned that the balls will collide and rebound, over their original paths, the path of each ball being thought of as relative to the system to which it belongs.
Now the relation of the ball to the system is the same as that of the ball to the system , on account of the perfect symmetry which exists between the two systems of reference in accordance with the results of the previous paper (already referred to). Therefore the change of velocity of relative to its starting point on as measured by A is equal to the change of velocity of relative to its starting point on as measured by C. Now velocity is equal to the ratio of distance to time: and in the direction perpendicular to the line of relative motion of the two systems the units of length are equal; but the units of time are unequal. Hence to either of the observers the change of velocity in the two balls, each with respect to its starting point on its own system, will appear to be unequal.
To A the time unit on appears to be longer than his own in the ratio (see previous paper, theorem IV., p. 167). Hence to A it must appear that the change in velocity of relative to its starting point is smaller than that of relative to its starting point in the ratio . But the change in velocity of each ball multiplied by its mass gives its change in momentum. From postulate it follows that these two changes of momentum are equal. Hence to A it appears th at the mass of the ball is smaller than that of the ball in the ratio .
Similarly, it may be shown that to C it appears that the mass of the ball is smaller than that of in the ratio .
From the general theorems concerning the measurement of length (in the theory of relativity) it follows that if the ball which has been constructed by A were transferred to 's system it would be impossible for C to distinguish 's ball from his own by any considerations of shape and size. Likewise, as A looks at them from his own system he is similarly unable to distinguish them. It is therefore natural to take the mass of 's ball as that which 's would have if it had the velocity v with respect to of the system . Thus we obtain a relation existing between the mass of a body in motion and at rest.
Now, "mass" as we have measured it above is the transverse mass of our definition. From the argument just carried out we are forced to conclude that the transverse mass of a body in motion depends (in a certain definite way) on the velocity of that motion. The result may be formulated as follows:
Theorem I. Let denote the mass of a body when at rest relative to a system of reference S. When it is moving with a velocity v relative to S denote by its transverse mass, that is, its mass in a direction perpendicular to its line of motion. Then we have
where and c is the velocity of light .
In the statement of this theorem we have tacitly assumed that the mass of a body at rest relative to S, when measured by means of units belonging to S, is independent of the direction in which it is measured. If this assumption were not true we should have a means of detecting the motion of S, a conclusion which is in contradiction to postulate M.
In order to find the longitudinal mass of a moving body we first find the relation which exists between longitudinal mass and transverse mass. We employ for this purpose the elegant method of Bumstead.
Let us as usual consider two systems of reference and moving with a relative velocity v, observers A and B being stationed on and respectively. Suppose that B performs the following experiment: He takes a rod of two units length, whose mass is so small as to be negligible, and attaches to its ends two balls of equal mass. Then he suspends this rod by a wire so as to form a torsion pendulum. We assume that the line of relative motion of the two systems is perpendicular to the line of this wire.
Let us consider the period of this torsion pendulum in the two cases when the rod is clamped to the wire so as to be in equilibrium in each of the following two positions: (1) With its length perpendicular to the line of relative motion of and ; (2) with its length parallel to this line of motion.
As B observes it the period must be the same in the two cases; for, otherwise, he would have a means of detecting his motion by observations made on his system alone, contrary to postulate M. Then from the relation of time units on and it follows that the two periods will also appear the same to A. As observed by B the apparent mass of the balls is the same in both cases. We inquire as to how they appear to A. Let and be the apparent masses, as observed by A, in the first and second cases respectively. It is obvious that is the longitudinal mass and the transverse mass of the balls in question.
When the pendulum is in motion it appears to B that each ball traces a circular arc. From the relations between units of length in the two systems it follows that to A it appears that the balls trace arcs of an ellipse whose semi-axes are 1 and and lie perpendicular and parallel, respectively, to the line of relative motion of the two systems.
Let us now determine the period of each of these two pendulums as they are observed by A. By equating the expressions for these periods we shall find the relation which exists between and .
Let x and y be the cartesian coordinates of a point as determined by A, the axes of reference being the major and minor axes of the ellipse in which the balls move. Let and be the coordinates of the same point as determined by B. Then the circular path of motion, as determined by B, has the equations
the angle θ being measured from the major axis of the ellipse. The equations of the ellipse, as determined by A, are
In the first case — when the rod is perpendicular to the line of relative motion of and — the amount of twisting in the wire when the ball is in a given position is the absolute value of the corresponding angle θ; and therefore the potential energy is proportional to θ², say that it is . Now from the values of y and x above we have
For small oscillations we have x = 1 and tan θ = θ; and therefore
Hence the potential energy is
and the equation of motion of the particle becomes
Hence the period of oscillation is
In the second case — when the rod is parallel to the line of relative motion of <marh>S_1</math> and — the amount of twisting in the wire for a given position of the balls is the absolute value of . The potential energy is . We have
For small oscillations we have
Hence the potential energy is the period of oscillation is therefore
Equating the two periods of oscillation found above we have
Theorem II. Let denote the mass of a body when at rest relative to a system of reference S. When it is moving with a velocity v relative to S denote by its longitudinal mass, that is, its mass in a direction parallel to its line of motion. Then we have
where and c is the velocity of light .
§ 3. On the Dimensions of Units.
Denote the fundamental measurable physical entities mass, length and time by M, L and T respectively. Then the definition of derived entities gives rise to the so-called dimensional equations. Thus if B denote velocity, then from the definition of velocity we have the dimensional equation
That such equations must be useful in obtaining the relations of a derived unit in two systems of reference is obvious. Thus from the above dimensional equation for V we may at once derive the fundamental result (see previous paper, theorem VI., p. 170) concerning the relation of units of length in the line of relative motion of two systems not at rest relatively to each other. For this purpose it is sufficient to employ postulate V. and theorem IV. of the previous paper. The reader can easily supply the argument. Or, conversely, if one knows the relations which exist between units of length and units of time in two systems one concludes readily to the truth of postulate V.
Likewise, from the dimensional equation
one may readily determine the relations which exist between units of acceleration on two systems, it being assumed that the relations of time units and length units are known. Making this assumption, then, the two dimensional equations above give us the following theorem:
Theorem III. Let two systems and move with a relative velocity v in the direction of a line l, and let where c is the velocity of light. Then to an observer on it appears that the unit of velocity [acceleration] on bears to the unit of velocity [acceleration] on the ratio or according as the motion is parallel to I or perpendicular to I (MVLR).
Let us use F to denote force. Then from the dimensional equation
we shall be able to draw an interesting conclusion concerning the measurement of force.
Suppose that an observer B on a system carries out some observations concerning a certain rectilinear motion, measuring the quantities M', L', T', so that he has the equation
Another observer A on a system (having with respect to the velocity v in the line l) measures the same force, calling it F. Required the value of F in terms of , when the motion is parallel to l and when it is perpendicular to l, the estimate being made by A.
When the motion is perpendicular to l — that is, when the force acts in a line perpendicular to l — we have
When the motion is parallel to l we have
These results may be stated in the following theorem:
Theorem IV. In the same systems of reference as in theorem III., let an observer on measure a given force F' in a direction perpendicular to l and in a direction parallel to l, and let and be the values of this force as measured in the first and second cases respectively by an observer on . Then we have
It is obvious that a similar use may be made of the dimensional equation of any derived unit in determining the relation which exists between this unit in two relatively moving systems of reference.
§ 4. Equivalents of the Postulates.
The problem of determining sets of postulates logically equivalent to those which have been used as a basis of the theory of relativity is obviously important. So far as a justification of the theory is concerned it is, however, unnecessary to have complete logical equivalents; all that is essential is to find a set of postulates, experimentally demonstrable, by means of which it is possible to demonstrate the characteristic conclusions of relativity concerning the relations of units of time and units of length in two systems of reference. Such a set of postulates we shall call essential equivalents of the postulates of relativity. The object of this section is to determine essential equivalents of postulate R, that is, such postulates as may be taken in connection with postulates M, V, L, so that the new set shall be essentially equivalent
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ı olmaz;
- İğne ile iplik üzerinde bitmiş petal dize;
- Sonraki dört yaprakları ile aynı şeyi yapın. Bu tür manipülasyonların sonucu bir çiçek olacak;
- Birincil rengin malzemesi ile benzer eylemlerin yapılması gerekir, sadece çiçek daha büyük çıkmalıdır;
- Çiçeği hazırlanmış tabana sabitleyin. Kolay, sadece aynı renk etrafında bir karton daire sarın;
- Sonra farklı tipteki yaprakları yapınız. Bunun için bir desene sahip bir kurdele alın ve beş santim uzunluğunda şeritler halinde kesin. Sonunda beş parça alırsın. Bir havya ve cetvel kullanarak köşeyi kapatın, eğer sahip olmadığınız alet, sadece dikin. Sonra fazla doku kesilir, ana şey kalan dokuyu büzülmekten korumaktır;
- İş parçası, iç kısımda katlanır. Kesilen köşe keskin olmalı, keskinliği ne kadar fazla olursa, son petalın kıvrımları o kadar düzgün olacaktır;
- Yapraklar düzleştirilmeli ve köşeler ortasına doğru bükülmelidir. Kenar, daha hafif veya havya ile kaynaştırılır;
- Üç parçadan oluşan demetler halinde dikilmiş altı taç yaprakları olmalı;
- Parçalarının her biri hazır olur olmaz, ürünü süslemeye başlar. Merkezde, en büyük boyutta bir çiçek yapıştırın ve üzerinde, daha küçük bir. Üst parçanın yaprakları aşağıdaki elementin yaprakları arasında kalacak şekilde tutturulmalıdır. Daha küçük bir çiçeğin ortasında bir boncuk yapıştırılır. Sonunda sivri uçlu yaprakların kenarı tutturulmasıdır. Hepsi bu, şimdi bu ürün saçınızı süsleyebilir!
Bir yay şeklinde
İlginç bir seçenek kolza tohumu yaylar.
Kolza bandı, nihai ürüne kesin bir etki veren orijinal bir yapıya sahiptir. Bu tür madeni çiçekler, yaylar ve daha birçok şey yapılır. Ana avantajı - yoğunluğu, böyle bir süslemenin gözlerinden önce parçalanması kesin olmayacaktır. Kolza tohumu yapılmış saç tokası, orijinal şekli mükemmel bir şekilde korur.
Seçenek 1 İhtiyacınız olan malzemeler:
- Kolza tohumu malzemesi (uzunluk 10 ve 22 milimetre), bunların rengi farklı olmalıdır;
- makas;
- Çakmak;
- Şeffaf ince olta;
- iğne;
- Tespit;
- Kil;
- Atık kabı.
Adım adım talimat:
- Malzemeyi renk şemasıyla seçin. Bunu yapmak için, boşluklarla birbirine bir yay formüle edin. İş parçasının uzunluğu sadece yay tipi tarafından etkilenir - kısa veya uzun;
- İlk adım tamamlandığında, geniş şeridi kesin, yaklaşık iki milimetrelik bir stoğu unutmadan ve aynı zamanda ateşleme kenarları hakkında;
- Daha sonra iş parçasının uçları, hat ve iğne kullanılarak bağlanır;
- Bir iplik merkeze bağlanır ve birkaç kez sarılır, böylece yay ortaya çıkar;
- Ardından, on milimetre genişliğinde ikinci bir bant almanız ve tabana sarmanız gerekir. İstenilen uzunluğu ayarladıktan sonra, iki milimetrenin kenar boşluğunu dikkate alarak, kalan kısmı çıkarılır.
- Fiyonkta merkeze çizilen bir kurdele dikilir;
- İlkel olarak kalır - tüm dikişleri ve iplikleri, dişlerle tutturulan, gerekli uzunlukta bir parça monofonik malzeme ile gizlemek. İsterseniz, ortada düğmeye basabilir veya bir strazik yapıştırabilirsiniz;
- Taban çubuğunu doğrudan hazırlayın. Saten ile giydirin, yayı yapıştırın ve dekorasyon hazır!
Seçenek numarası 2. malzemeler:
- Kırmızı, beyaz ve mavi renklerin kolza tohumu malzemesi;
- firkete;
- boncuklar;
- Çakmak;
- Yapıştırıcı tabancası;
- iğne;
- iplik;
- Makas.
Adım adım talimat:
- Beyaz banttan dört santimetre şerit, üç kırmızı banttan ve iki maviden bir şerit kesin; bir çakmakla kenarı yakmak;
- Mavi parçayı bükün ve daha sonra kırmızı bir parçaya sokarak daha sonra kırmızıyı bükün, daha sonra önceki iki unsuru kapatarak beyazı bükün;
- Tüm boşluklar birbirine bağlı olduğunda, bir iğne ve bir iplik kullanarak, her bir elemanın kenarlarını tutun. Aynı şekilde, sekiz tane daha taçyap, sonra onları doğru yerlere birleştir ve teypden oluşan bir dairenin ortasına yapıştır;
- Çiçeğin arkasına, saç tokasının kendisini yapıştırın ve çiçeğiyle ve çiçeklerle süsleyin.
Kanzashi tekniği
Kanzashi çok popüler bir Çinli ve Japon saç aksesuarıdır. Günümüzde bu ürün gelinin çok düşkün olduğu kadar, çalışma özellikleriyle kimono'nun kullanımıyla ilgili insanlar. Ülkemizde bayanlar bu takıları günlük yaşamda kullanmaktadır ve dükkanlar bu tür saç tokalarının geniş bir yelpazesine sahiptir. Ama onları satın almak gerekli değil!
Böyle bir şey yapmak için ihtiyacınız olacak:
- bant;
- cımbız;
- iğneler;
- makas;
- mum;
- iğne;
- iplik;
- Kil;
- Sabitleme tabanı;
- Bir tasarım öğesi olarak boncuklar.
Adım adım talimat:
- Malzemeden gerekli sayıda kare kesin, her biri iki kez katlayın, sonra iki kez daha ikiye katlayın;
- Köşeler kesilir ve yakılır, yapılması gerekli değildir, ancak bu durumda açı çok yüksek olacaktır;
- Benzer şekilde, gerektiği kadar çok yaprak yapın, ardından bunları bir iplik veya tutkalla bağlayın;
- Strasses, boncuk veya düğmelerle ortadaki çiçeği süsleyin, tabana bağlanın ve burada saç stiliniz için şık ve özgün bir dekorasyon hazırlayın!
Silgi ve saç tokası Kanzashi kendi elleriyle
Kanzashi, Japonya'dan bize gelen el yapımı süs eşyalarıdır. Oryantal güzellikleri onların saç kesimlerini onlarla dekore etti ve çoğunlukla bir kimono ile giydi. Antik çağlarda, garip aksesuarlarla kendilerini dekore etme geleneğini üreten geyşaların olduğuna inanılmaktadır. Japon kadınları iğne işi derslerine katılmak zorunda kaldılar, bu yüzden kuyumcuları çok iyi süsleyebildiler ve saçlarını zevkle dekore ettiler çünkü bedeni dekore edemediler. Ayrıca her kadının Kanzas'ın sosyal statü ve maddi durumu, yılın zamanı, kimono rengini ve göz rengini karşılaması gerektiğine inanılmaktadır. Bugün saç için kanzashi hakkında konuşacağız, bunları kendi ellerimizle nasıl yapacağımızı öğreniyoruz.
Saç için Kanzashi Takı nasıl yapılır
Daha önce sadece ipek kurdelelerden değil, aynı zamanda ahşaptan, kaplumbağaların kabuklarından ve metallerden de yapılmıştır. Bu, boncuklar, inciler ve organze ile süslenmiş saten kurdeleler tercih edilen modern dünyada zaten.
Günümüzde, Kanzas çok popüler hale geldi. Bu teknikte saçlar ve çeşitli aksesuarlar için kuyumculuk yapar, bu harika gizemleri yapmak için birçok usta sınıf vardır.
Burada kanzash-pimleri ve el yapımı lastik bantların üretiminde ipuçları ve ustalıklar bulacaksınız. Onlar harika ustaları tarafından yapılır. Çalışmaları çok düzenli, güzel, ilginç ve diğerleriyle çok popüler. Bu sevilenler için harika bir hediye, özel, bu kelimeden korkmayacağım. Kanzash tekniğinde de aynı ince saç tokaları, elastik bantlar, tarak, kurdela ve saç bantlarını kendi ellerinizle yapmaya çalışabilirsiniz.
Kanzash nasıl yapılır
Bu tekniğe hakim olmak zor değil. Bunu yapmak için ihtiyacınız olacak:
- Çok renkli kurdeleler.
- Makas.
- Çizgi.
- İğne ile iş parçacığı.
- Şeritlerin kenarlarını işlemek için daha hafiftir.
- Cımbız.
- Bir tüpteki tutkal tabancası veya tutkal.
- Saç aksesuarları için temeller - saç tokası, elastik bantlar, jantlar, bandajlar, tarak.
- Dekoratif eşyalar istek üzerine.
Yaprakları oluşturmanın yolları, Kansas'ın fotoğraf verisinde açıkça görülebilir.
Bu çiçeğin keskin taçyapısını oluşturur.
İkili veya üç renkli bir Kansas yaprağı oluşturmak için bu tekniği sadece iki veya üç şerit rengi kullanarak izleyin.
Yuvarlak yaprakları almak istiyorsan.
Çok güzel görünümlü saç klipleri ve kurdele ile yapılmış elastik bantlar. Aşağıdaki şekillerde bir gül yapabilirsiniz.
Yaprak tüplerini yapmaya çalış.
Bu fotoğrafta nergis çiçeğinin yaratılışı tasvir edilmiştir.
Yaprakları tek bir tomurcukta birleştirmenin yöntemi - bunun için bir iğneye ve ipliğe ihtiyacınız olacaktır.
Kanzash çiçeğini elastik bir banda veya saç tokasına takmak için tutkal ve keçe tabanı gerekir.
Video dersinde bağlantı yöntemi görülebilir.
Gelişmiş iğne kadınları, karmaşık güzel çiçeklerin yaratılmasıyla Kansas tekniğinde saç için lastik bantlar oluşturmaya dair bir ders sunmaktadır.
İlhamın için küçük bir fotoğraf. Yarat
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tabı ve RYA Tekne Güvenliği El Kitabının yazarıdır ve deniz güvenliği muhabiri olarak PBO dergisine yazmaya devam etmektedir.
Keith, 1970'lerin sonunda Southampton ve Sunderland Kolejlerinde deniz mimarı olarak eğitim aldı. Küçük bir iş teknesi üreticisi için geliştirme mühendisi olarak birkaç yıl çalıştıktan sonra, Teknik Editör (Güç) ve ardından Pratik Tekne Sahibi Editör Yardımcısı ( PBO) dergisi ve son olarak Sailing Today'in Geliştirme Editörü oldu.
Tekneleri ve ekipmanı test eden bir gazeteci olarak 22 yıllık bir kariyerin ardından Keith, kariyerinde bir değişiklik yaptı ve Kraliyet Ulusal Cankurtaran Teknesi Enstitüsüne (RNLI) Deniz Güvenliği Yöneticisi olarak katıldı. Keith, RNLI'de geçirdiği 15 yıl boyunca yatçılara, tekne kullanıcılarına ve genel halka denizde veya deniz kenarındayken nasıl güvende kalabilecekleri konusunda tavsiye vermek için RNLI Deniz Güvenliği ve Toplum Güvenliği gönüllülerini eğitti ve yönetti. 2004 yılında RNLI için çalışırken RYA denizde hayatta kalma, sürat teknesi ve deniz vhf radyo eğitmeni / değerlendiricisi oldu ve şu anda serbest eğitmen olarak çalışıyor.
Doğu Sahili'nin nehirlerinde gençken yat gezintisi yapan Theo, o zamandan beri, kuzeyde Lofoten Adaları'na, güneyde Fas'a, Gambiya ve Senegal'e, doğuda Baltık ve Akdeniz'e kadar çok uzakları ve batı Karayipler'e kadar geniş bir alanı yelkenle keşfetti. Birkaç yıl Hallberg Rassy 31 ile yelken açtı. Ancak şimdi Lymington nehrinde tutulan bir Sadler 29'un gururlu sahibi ve burada eşi Georgie ile Manş Denizi'nin her iki yakasını geziyor.
Kraliyet Donanması'nda ve halkla ilişkiler görevlerinden sonra, Theo her iki dünyanın en iyilerini bir araya getirdi ve Yachting Monthly için serbest yazar olarak yazmaya başladı. 2014 yılında ekibe katıldı ve 2017'den beri derginin editörlüğünü yapıyor. Yatçılık Aylık serbest çalışan olarak. 2014 yılında ekibe katıldı ve 2017'den beri derginin editörlüğünü yapıyor.
Jon, Plymouth ve Falmouth Harbors'ta okulda iken küçük bir tekne ile yelken açmaya başladı. Ardından üniversitede Solent'te gezmeye başladı ve yarışmalara katıldı.
Jon birkaç yıl boyunca kanser araştırmalarında çalıştı, ardından inme ve beyin yaralanmalarını inceleyen bir birimi yönetti ve Ocean Youth Trust ile yelken açmaya başladı. Bu sırada İsveç'ten seyir ve yarış eğitimi veriyor ve Halberg Rassey, Nijad ve İsveç yatlarını teslim ediyordu ve Yachtmaster Ocean olarak nitelendirildi.
Daha sonra, öncelikle Northshore Yachtyards ile başarılı bir proje yönetimi ve eğitim işine başladı ve Yachtmaster eğitmeni olarak kalifiye oldu.
Jon şu anda yelken eğitimi veriyor ve Ocean Youth Trust'ı destekliyor.
eSail, Windows ve Apple Mac için kullanılabilir.
eSail topluluğuna şimdi katılın!Bitcoin Pizza Günü, muhtemelen Bitcoin tarihinde en ünlü günlerden biri. Olay, 22 Mayıs 2010 tarihinde tam 10.000 adet BTC ile ödeme yapılmasını kapsıyor.
İşlem, Laszlo Hanyecz’in o sırada Bitcoin hakkında iletişim için en aktif ortamı olan Bitcoin Talk forumunda yayınlamasından sonra geldi:
“Birkaç pizza için 10.000 Bitcoin ödeyeceğim. Daha sonra yemek için pizzayı bırakmayı seviyorum. Pizzayı kendin yapabilir ve evime getirebilirsin ya da bir teslimat yerinden benim için sipariş edebilirsin, ama benim amacım yiyecekleri kendim sipariş etmem veya hazırlamam gerekmeden Bitcoin karşılığında teslim etmek. Bir otelde ‘kahvaltı tabağı’ sipariş etmek gibi bir şey, sadece yiyecek bir şeyler getiriyorlar ve mutlusunuz!”
İki basit pizza için ödenen Bitcoin miktarı şimdi şok edici görünse de o günlerde değeri çok farklıydı.
Aslında, birçoğu teklifi biraz garip buluyor. Forum kullanıcısı, Hanyecz’in şu anda sadece yemekle takas etmek yerine 10.000 BTC’yi yaklaşık 41 dolara satabileceğini, hemen sipariş verebileceğini ve dolar ödeyebileceğini öne sürdü. Başka bir kullanıcı, “Acıktın mı yoksa pizza sever misin?” diye sordu.
Hanyecz, “Bitcoin pizza için para ödediğimi söylemenin ilginç olacağını düşündüm” diye yanıtladı.
Jeremy “Jercos” Sturdivant sonunda teklifi kabul etti ve Hanyecz’in yıllar içindeki tuhaf hareketi, bir dizi Bitcoin kullanıcısının HODL hesabını desteklemesi için bir fikir oldu. Günümüzde bu hareket bir pizza için 300 milyon dolar ödemekle eşdeğer.Un cieco alla fermata del treno. Si avvicina un cane, lo annusa, alza la zampa e fa il suo bisognino. Il cieco tira fuori dalla tasca un biscotto, si abbassa e lo offre al cane. Un passante che ha visto tutto, chiede:"Ma che fa, lo premia?"
"No, voglio solo scoprire da che lato è la testa per assestargli un bel calcione nel sedere!"
Commentaپنت هاوس 2 خوابه 68.4 متر مربع (+ 68 متر مربع سقف تراس) 200 متر از ساحل شنی. این مجموعه در قسمت مرکزی شهر گیرنه ، در فاصله 5 دقیقه ای از قسمت تاریخی و 2 دقیقه ای به دانشگاه آمریکایی گیرنه واقع شده است. فقط 3 دقیقه از ساحل شنی پیاده راه است. تمام زیرساخت های لازم در چند قدمی: مغازه ها، رستوران ها و کافه ها، راه های پیاده روی، کافی شاپ ها و نانوایی ها. مکان عالی برای گذراندن تعطیلات، اجاره یا اقامت دائم.
مدیران فروش ما به تمام سوالات شما مربوط ملک پاسخ خواهند داد یا گزینه های دیگری را برای شما انتخاب و ارسال خواهند کرد. و همچنین در مورد فروش های ویژه و موارد تخفیف یا مباحثه توضیح خواهند داد.Click edit and create your own amazing websiteDevamını OkuBu Siteyi Düzenle
Online mayo mağazaları, fitness mağazaları ve online spor giyim mağazaları
Bu cesur e-ticaret şablonu ile sıçramaya hazır olun. Yaratıcı, renkli ve kullanımı kolay bu şablon, tüm koleksiyonlarınızı görüntülemek için mükemmel. Metni düzenleyin, tasarımlarınızın veya aksesuarlarınızın görüntülerini yükleyin ve kitlenize kendiniz hakkında biraz bilgi verin. Mağazanızı bugün online ortama aktarmaya hazır mısınız? Çok kolay!Quali metodi sono raccomandati per il trattamento del cancro della pelle (escluso l'intervento chirurgico)?
trattamento oncologico corrisponde al laser in alcuni determinati casi, a seconda del tipo e profondità della lesione tumorale. Tra i metodi fisici hanno sopra azoto liquido: questa è un'arma terapeutica ormai giorno molto importante che distrugge completamente tutte le lesioni tumorali superficiali e, di tanto in tanto, un po 'più in profondità. È inoltre possibile utilizzare alcuni trattamenti topici per applicazione diretta di una crema speciale, eseguire una bruciatura lesioni sono livello della pelle.
Che tipo di anestesia deve essere utilizzato?
Normalmente, anestetico quando viene eseguito un trattamento con la chirurgia o laser utilizzato per via sottocutanea e con livello interdermal peri-lesionale. Tutti quelli che sono altri tipi di trattamenti chimici o fisici richiedono più prima dell'anestesia.
Ci sono eventuali rischi o effetti collaterali?
In linea di principio si può dire che i rischi di trattamenti che possono essere eseguite con laser può lasciare una cicatrice ma ovviamente è molto meglio lasciare una cicatrice lasciato tumore. Entrambi i metodi fisici e chimici non sono normalmente utilizzati per cicatrici.
Quali risultati ci si può aspettare?
I risultati possono e devono essere ottenuti sono guarigione tumori. In questo senso, a seconda del tipo di tumore, la posizione, la profondità e altri fattori da considerare, il trattamento più appropriato viene scelto tra tecniche sopra descritte.
Quando posso riprendere la mia attività dopo il trattamento?
I pazienti di solito possono essere incorporati a lavorare lo stesso giorno del completamento del trattamento.
Come è possibile rilevare il cancro della pelle?
Si consiglia di consultare il proprio dermatologo quando lesione cutanea ha rivelato alcuna modifica o quando ogni nuovo infortunio insorgenza che non si rimargina o semplicemente migliorare. Anche quando questa lesione comincia a infastidire, sanguinamento, prurito o cambiamento di colore, richiederebbe la consultazione con lo specialista.In the eighteenth century, enlightened ideas about the organization of society, including the position of women, arose in Europe. Feminism, the social and political movement that strives for gender equality, originated in this century.
Age of Enlightenment
The Enlightenment covers a period of roughly 1650 to 1800. During this period, a major change occurred in the thinking of man in Europe. Rationalistic equality thinking was gaining a foothold. Critical thinking and self-development of man were encouraged. The first critical comments about the position of women were a fact.
The British Mary Wollstonecraft is seen by some as the founder of feminism. She was a writer and philosopher. In 1792 she published the pamphlet A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, which is still seen as the first feminist work. It was unique at that time that a woman wrote about her own position.
Olympe de Gouges
Another founder of feminism is the French Olympe de Gouges. In 1791 she published the Declaration of the rights of women and female citizens. This was a critical nod to the Declaration of the rights of man and citizen. In her work she championed for the equal treatment of men and
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solar tracking system. Conveyor belts require this motor to start, move and to stop. During bottling, packaging, and labeling of products, the conveyor belt uses this motor to carry the product along all these stages.Ingredienti
- 32 cozze di grandi dimensioni
- 50 gr di burro
- 40 gr di farina
- 2 uova
- parmigiano grattugiato
- pangrattato
- 2 dl di latte
- vino bianco secco
- 1 spicchio d'aglio
La preparazione
Strofinate le cozze con una spazzola dura, quindi lavatele più volte in acqua corrente. Ponetele in una larga padella con 2 bicchieri di vino, l'aglio, il prezzemolo e fatele aprire con il piano cottura a fiamma vivace. Eliminate le valve vuote. Filtrate il liquido di cottura e tenetelo da parte. In una casseruolina, fate sciogliere la metà del burro, unite la farina mescolando e aggiungete poco alla volta il latte caldo e 2 cucchiaiate del liquido di cottura delle cozze.
Continuate a mescolare fino a quando la salsa si sarà addensata, quindi salate e pepate. Levate dal fuoco e incorporatevi, uno per volta, i tuorli e 2 cucchiaiate di parmigiano. Coprite con un poco di salsa ogni mollusco nella sua valva spolverizzate la superficie della salsa con un poco di formaggio grattugiato. Distribuite le cozze in una teglia, fateli colare sopra il rimanente burro fuso e ponete in forno a 200° per circa 15 minuti.ایسنا/مرکزی استاندار مرکزی گفت: طی یکسال اخیر به کمک پروژه های اقتصاد مقاومتی، ۵ هزار میلیارد تومان سرمایه گذاری در استان صورت گرفته است.
سید علی آقازاده دوم بهمن ماه در ۱۶۹ مین جلسه ستاد راهبری و مدیریت اقتصاد مقاومتی استان مرکزی که با حضور اعضای کمیسیون صنایع و معادن مجلس شورایی اسلامی و صادقی نیارکی معاون امور صنایع وزارت صمت برگزار شد، با اشاره به اینکه این سفر فرصت خوبی برای استان مرکزی است، افزود: استان مرکزی از نظر کشاورزی و صنعتی جزو استان های برتر کشور قلمداد می شود.
وی تصریح کرد: استان مرکزی در یک سال اخیر در پیشرفت پروژه های ستاد اقتصاد مقاومتی رتبه اول کشور را کسب کرده است و رتبه استان در حوزه نرخ بیکاری در کشور، تنوع در محصولات صنعتی، پیشرفت فیزیکی طرح های جهش تولید و اقتصاد مقاومتی، نرخ تورم، عملکرد ستاد تسهیل و رفع موانع تولید و جذب تسهیلات تبصره ۱۸، تنوع منابع معدنی و تعداد واحدهای فعال تولیدی در میان استان های کشور از رتبه یک تا هشت در نوسان است که حاکی از موفقیت استان در سطح کشور است.
آقازاده با بیان اینکه استان مرکزی پتانسیل صنعتی بالایی دارد، افزود: استان مرکزی در صادرات غیرنفتی طی چهار سال اخیر ۴ میلیارد دلار درآمد داشته است که در مقایسه با چهارسال اول فعالیت دولت تدبیر و امید از افزایش ۳۰ درصدی برخوردار است و این امر حاصل تلاش کارآفرینان و فعالان اقتصادی است، در حالی که از سال ۱۳۶۷ تا امروز تحت محرومیت های شدید تحریمی بوده ایم و اگر این تحریم ها نبود شاید صادرات استان طی چهار سال اخیر به ۶ میلیارد دلار می رسید.
وی با اشاره به کمبود آب مصرفی برای صنایع استان اظهار کرد: دولت مکلف است که آب صنایع را تامین کند. به ازای هر یک میلیون مترمکعب آب در بخش کشاورزی، ۲۵ نفر اشتغال ایجاد می شود در حالی که در حوزه صنعت ۳ هزار شغل و در بخش خدمات نیز ۵ هزار شغل تولید می شود.
استاندار مرکزی افزود: از کل آب مصرفی در کشور ۹۰ درصد صرف کشاورزی، نیم درصد سهم خدمات و دو درصد نیز در بخش صنعت مصرف می شود. هرچند که کشاورزی برای کشور استراتژیک است و قطعا به دنبال کاهش سهم این بخش نیستیم، اما چون صنعت ظرفیت بالایی برای اشتغال و رونق اقتصادی دارد دارد باید مورد توجه ویژه قرار گیرند.
وی با بیان اینکه در آینده با کمبود آب برای توسعه صنایع در استان روبرو خواهیم بود، گفت: چند دشت استان مرکزی در فقر آب برای تامین آب کشاورزی روبرو هستند، در دشت زرندیه، ساوه، دلیجان، محلات، خمین و اراک بیشترین صنایع مستقرند، اما منفی ۲۰۰ لیتر بر ثانیه کمبود آب وجود دارد، در اراک بیش از هزار واحد صنعتی استقرار دارند، اما کمبود آب وجود دارد به همین دلیل کمیسیون صنعت مجلس می تواند با همکاری وزارت نیرو کمک کند تا بتوان آب صنایع فعلی استان مرکزی را تامین کرد که البته راهکار این تامین آب هم وجود دارد.
استاندار مرکزی با اشاره به اینکه استان مرکزی جزو ۵ استان اول کشور در حوزه تنوع منابع معدنی به شمار می رود، گفت: اگر بخواهیم که معدن کارکرد اصلی خود را داشته باشد و جای درآمدهای نفتی را بگیرد، باید فعالتر عمل کرد، باید نسبت به بهره برداری و سرمایه گذاری بخش خصوصی در معادن و اصلاح قوانین همت داشت ولی اگر این دید جزیره ای و بخشی کنونی ادامه داشته باشد حتما به افق پیش بینی شده توسط مقام معظم در حوزه معدن نخواهیم رسید و مجلس و کمیسیون صنایع باید به این امر توجه کند.
وی خواستار واگذاری اختیارات بیشتر به استان ها شد و گفت: لازم است که در بخش هایی مانند ستادها و کارگروه های تخصصی مانند ستاد اقتصاد مقاومتی و ستاد تسهیل و رفع موانع تولید با وجود اختیارات خوبی که واگذار شده است، واگذاری و تفویض اختیار بیشتری به استان ها صورت گیرد که می تواند در دستور کار قوای سه گانه قرار گیرد.
آقازاده تصریح کرد: اگر استان مرکزی موفقیتی دارد به مدد و اهتمام فعالان بخش خصوصی حاصل شده است، طی یک سال اخیر در ستاد اقتصاد مقاومتی حدود ۵ هزار میل
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across facial regions were used as response variables, whereas social (group size) and ecological variables (species sympatry and geographical distribution) were the predictor variables. Both social and ecological predictor variables were introduced in the model simultaneously. For variables that were significantly correlated with latitude and longitude, we used their residuals from a regression on latitude and/or longitude.
To test the hypothesis that evolutionary changes in the coloration of facial regions are not adaptive but follow the metachromic progression proposed by Hershkovitz , we conducted maximum-likelihood ancestral state reconstructions (ASRs) of colour traits for each facial region (figure 2c). These ASRs were performed using a Brownian motion model with equal transition rates across all characters (i.e. all changes across character states equally likely), and compared with an ASR where the transition rates were restricted to the plausible changes according to Hershkovitz's model. These ASRs used a matrix that enforced changes from the ‘ancestral’ agouti coloration to white colour through either the eumelanic or phaeomelanic pathways, with no reversals allowed (electronic supplementary material, figure S1). Log-likelihoods between the two ASR were compared using a likelihood-ratio test. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using functions in the APE, GEIGER and NMLE packages in R (R Core Development Team).
(a) Facial colour pattern complexity, sociality and species recognition
We found evidence for an evolutionary relationship between sociality and facial colour pattern complexity across Neotropical primates. Species living in smaller groups tended to have faces with more complex patterns than species living in large groups (PGLS, β = −0.0312 ± 0.0147, t = −2.129, d.f. = 54, p = 0.038). Our results further supported the prediction that facial colour pattern complexity was related to species recognition: facial patterns were more complex in species experiencing a higher number of sympatric congener species, independent of group size (PGLS, β = 0.1344 ± 0.0632, t = 2.126, d.f. = 54, p = 0.038). In contrast, we found no significant relationship between facial colour pattern complexity and the number of sympatric species at the family or parvorder levels. The number of sympatric species was well predicted by latitude at the parvorder level (Platyrrhini), reflecting the pattern of increasing biodiversity in the tropics , but this trend was not observed at the genus level (p = 0.609). Colour pattern complexity of faces was not related to the geographical distribution of the species (PGLS, Platitude = 0.909, Plongitude = 0.319).
(b) Facial pigmentation and ecology
Interspecific differences in pigmentation and hair length across facial regions were poorly explained by sociality. However, we found strong evidence that ecological factors have shaped the evolution of these traits. Continuous descriptors of facial coloration and hair length across several facial regions (figure 2c) were strongly predicted by variables describing the geographical distribution of species. The pigmentation of the hair in the crown (PGLS, β = −0.6636 ± 0.3221, t = −2.060, d.f. = 61, p = 0.044) and eye mask (PGLS, β = −1.2914 ± 0.5576, t = −2.316, d.f. = 25, p = 0.031) was negatively related to the latitude of species ranges, but the pigmentation of the nose and mouth (PGLS, β = 0.8199 ± 0.2141, t = 3.829, d.f. = 18, p = 0.002) and the hair length around the face margin (PGLS, β = 0.1132 ± 0.0395, t = 2.866, d.f. = 62, p = 0.006) were positively related to latitude. Both the pigmentation of the hair in the eye mask (PGLS, β = −0.5406 ± 0.1732, t = −3.121, d.f. = 21, p = 0.006), and nose and mouth (PGLS, β = −0.2426 ± 0.0819, t = −2.963, d.f. = 18, p = 0.010) were negatively related to the longitude of species’ distributions. Combining these results, as species’ ranges approach the Equator, and go from dry, open regions such as the Caatinga and the Cerrado into Amazonian forested habitats, animals tend to have darker crowns, darker regions around the eyes, lighter nose and mouth, and shorter hairs around the face (figure 3). As species move westward, they tend to have darker nose and mouth, and lighter eye masks.
Our data did not support the metachromism hypothesis (electronic supplementary material, figure S1) as a general explanation of facial coloration in Neotropical primates. Using ASRs, we found much higher support for a model assuming no constraints in colour change across all facial regions (crown, forehead, eye mask, nose–mouth and face margin, all p < 0.0001; electronic supplementary material, table S6) over the metachromic model assuming a predictable sequence of pigment saturation and desaturation .
The evolution of complex phenotypes, such as the colour patterns in the primate face, is the result of the interplay among functional, developmental and genetic factors acting on the different parts . Sociality is widely assumed to be one of the primary functional drivers of colour pattern complexity in primate faces, although the link has never been explicitly tested through comparative studies. Our results indicate a strong evolutionary relationship between facial colour pattern complexity and group size, and between facial pigmentation and ecology in Neotropical primates. Species living in small groups have more complex colour patterns in their faces than those living in large groups. This result highlights the possibility that living in small groups promotes the evolution of complex colour patterns via selection for conspicuousness to conspecifics. Because social interactions are less frequent in species living in small groups or that are solitary , highly complex colour patterns could provide visual cues that would allow individuals to more easily target and identify conspecifics in their habitat.
(a) The role of facial colour patterns in sociality and species recognition
Primates often use colours and patterns instead of information directly derived from social interactions to assess the identity, status, dominance rank and sexual condition of individuals [4,26,42]. Lower facial colour pattern complexity in species living in larger groups might be the product of relaxed selection on this trait, high reliance on facial expressions, or both. In larger groups, more subtle intraspecific variation in facial traits (e.g. variation in size of and distances among facial structures, or colour intensity of patches) could be of importance for recognizing individuals within groups. In non-human anthropoids, the variety of facial movements species produce is positively correlated with group size . The more simple faces found in platyrrhines living in larger groups may also be a consequence of selection for traits that allow for more effective communication using facial movements, including facial expressions during conflicts and other interactions at close range. Although quantitative data on facial movements in New World primates are scarce, species with relatively low facial colour pattern complexity in our dataset (e.g. Alouatta caraya; figure 1, number 4) have been reported to have high scores in metrics of facial mobility . Because sociality is associated with increases in the number of facial muscles [22,43], our results highlight the possibility of an inverse relationship between colour pattern complexity and muscular facial complexity in response to social pressures. Comparative and experimental studies are needed to verify if and how external facial morphology relates to communication through facial expressions, and the potential trade-offs between these two traits across primates.
The positive relationship found between an increased number of species in congeneric sympatry and the complexity of facial colour patterns further indicates selection for species-specific colour patterns that would facilitate species recognition. In many ecological communities, character displacement allows species recognition and prevents hybridization [44,45]. This process could be a mechanism underlying the changes within individual facial regions, ultimately leading to differences in colour pattern complexity among sympatric species. We propose that, within the highly diverse social communities of platyrrhines, the evolution of higher colour pattern complexity may be enabled by an increase in the number of underlying evolutionary modules . Higher levels of modularity may provide more parts that can evolve independently to differentiate species, reduce interbreeding and promote higher degrees of diversity [29,46]. Studies of the integration among these modules could provide further insights about their functional roles and their relation with underlying gene networks.
The radiation of platyrrhines seems to have been accompanied by multiple transitions in the complexity of facial colour patterns (figure 1). The function of facial colour pattern complexity in social interactions is particularly relevant for species that rely primarily on visual communication. Variation in the ability to perceive colours, as well as the use of other types of communication, may confound the relationship between sociality and facial colour pattern complexity. Platyrrhines are diverse in their ability to perceive colours; owl monkeys (Aotidae) have monochromatic vision, howler monkeys (Alouatta spp.) have routinely trichromatic vision, and most of the rest of the genera are known to be polymorphic for trichromatism, with males being dichromatic and females di- or trichromatic . Although we have not found significant relationships between these broad vision types and facial colour pattern complexity (results not shown), two main types of information are critically needed to incorporate the potential role of visual systems in the evolution of facial colour patterns. The first is the integration of detailed information on the visual system of Neotropical primates [47–50] with metrics of the visual environment experienced by species. These data may help elucidate if other environmental factors not measured here have also influenced the evolution of facial colour pattern complexity. For example, some environments that favour large group sizes or high sympatry may also favour the ability of individuals to perceive facial patterns, hence causing a correlation. The second type of information is the use of systematic approaches to data collection on variation in primate facial coloration in the field, captivity and museum collections, especially because species descriptions do not always reflect the true colour variation observed within or among taxa . Our colour pattern classifications provide a first approach to quantifying the complex morphology of primate faces and set the stage for future work incorporating information about the primate visual system and their visual environment.
(b) Facial diversity and ecology
Many-to-one mapping of form to function is an emergent property of complex systems that promotes the evolution of diversity . Because similar levels of colour pattern complexity can be achieved through different colour combinations across facial regions, the primate face may be an example of many-to-one mapping of facial morphology, social and ecological functions. This could explain why colour pattern complexity was not related to the geographical distribution of species. Nevertheless, ecogeographical rules that may reflect adaptations to local conditions were validated by our results for several facial regions. Darker eye masks have evolved towards the Equator, and these might function in glare reduction in habitats with higher UV incidence, a phenomenon that has also been observed in carnivorans and birds . Darker facial regions in warmer and more humid areas support Gloger's rule , in which darker, melanin-based colours may reduce predation pressure by making individuals more cryptic , protect against UV radiation , facilitate thermoregulation and increase resistance against pathogens . A recent study by Kamilar & Bradley has also found support for Gloger's rule for the dorsal body pelage in tropical primates, with increasing pelage darkness being significantly related to increasing levels of evapotranspiration. Finally, increases in facial hair length in temperate regions provide support for another, less-studied ecogeographical rule: the ‘hair rule’, which predicts that mammals will have longer and thicker hair as thermoregulation requirements increase in colder areas . Because the ecogeographical rules described above are met by some but not all facial regions, the trends observed in primate faces potentially reflect conflicts in selective pressures among physiological, ecological and social functions.
(c) Re-evaluating the metachromism and behavioural drive hypotheses
Studies of the genetics underlying colour changes across mammals indicate that point mutations can lead to changes in the distribution of eumelanin and pheomelanin, and dramatic differences in hair coloration. This current understanding of the genetics of pigmentation, along with the results presented here and by other genus-level studies [58,59], sharply contrasts with the irreversible pathways proposed by the metachromism hypothesis. Although the agouti banding pattern seems to be the primitive condition for mammalian hair , and the evolutionary sequence of colour changes fits the metrachromism model in the Neotropical genus Saguinus , this non-adaptive hypothesis does not constitute a general principle for Neotropical primates.
Researchers have long suspected that social traits are key drivers of the high morphological diversity of primate faces [1,18]. Although frequently invoked, behavioural and ecological explanations for complex phenotypes are seldom tested fully. We have provided support for a long-standing adaptationist paradigm by identifying a significant evolutionary relationship among sociality, ecology and morphological traits in the context of the Neotropical primate radiation. Understanding whether there are reverse evolutionary trends between external and muscular facial complexity, and whether similar social and ecological factors have served to foster the facial diversity of other mammals, await the collection and analysis of additional quantitative social, ecological and morphological data. We propose, however, that applying similar approaches to those outlined here has the potential to elucidate the drivers of facial diversity across other species that rely on facial cues for communication.
We thank Noel Rowe for access to the All the World Primates Database; Jonathan Chang, Joseph Smith and Graham Slater for assistance during data collection and analyses; Stephen Nash for illustrations of primate faces; Amisha Gadani, Princess Gilbert, Tina Marcroft, Graham Slater and Laurie Sorenson for re-scoring faces; and Susan Perry, Joan Silk, Jenn Smith and three anonymous reviewers for useful suggestions on the manuscript. This study was conducted under a postdoctoral fellowship from the UCLA Center for Society and Genetics to S.E.S. and partially supported by NSF BCS 0918748 and DEB 6861953.
- Received November 4, 2011.
- Accepted December 20, 2011.
- This journal is © 2012 The Royal SocietyIl primo tempo è finito senza troppe emozioni. Anche se i padroni di casa hanno avuto la possibilità di agire due volte in superiorità numerica, non hanno saputo incidere perché la squadra di Erwin Kostner si è dimostrata molto più solida della partita contro il Fassa.
Nella fase iniziale del secondo tempo, la nostra squadra ha avuto a sua parte l'opportunità di giocare in superiorità numerica - e le Furie ne hanno subito approfittato. Contro solo tre austraici Gabriel Vinatzer & Co. hanno combinato bene, affinché Matt Wilkins trovò un varco nella difesa avversaria e servì il recuperato Michael Sulmann che realizzò il 1:0. Anche il 2:0 è stato un bel gol. Dopo un contrasto vinto nella zona neutrale, Wilkins ha completato una fantastica combinazione realizzando il 2:0.
Il vantaggio a questo punto era meritato. Ma il Lustenau non voleva arrendersi e ha alzato il proprio raggio d’azione negli ultimi 20 minuti, diventando però solo raramente pericoloso. La situazione si è fatta calda solo negli ultimi minuti della partita, dove le Furie hanno concesso troppe penalità. Ma quando Jake Smith è stato chiamato in causa, ha risposto in una maniera egregia.
La prossima trasferta è prevista per giovedì. A Jesenice l'HCG vuole dare continuità alla prestazione della partita contro il Lustenau. La partita inizia alle ore 19.00.
EHC Lustenau - HCG 0:2 (0:0 0:2 0:0)
Tore: Michael Sullmann, Matt Wilkins
Fotos: www.andreas-senoner.comCODING AT PALM ELEMENTARY
JUNIOR BOTBALL CHALLENGE
INNOVATIVE PROGRAM TEACHES ELEMENTARY STUDENTS HOW TO CODE
Due to advances in technology, it has become critical for students to learn the world of coding. Everyday, we use code to power computers, cars, phones, watches and even microwaves.
Thanks to a Dell Grant, our young learners are given
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被诱使做生意，卡特利特船长带着商店离开，这些商店使他的人民一直保持健康，直到马萨诸塞海峡。
但不要告诉SimChuck。直到我得到他1美元，000NapoleonSleighBed（“用真正的木头和真正的香柏木做的）他所做的一切都像个婊子一样哭。我需要爱。或者（也许不那么准确）爱无处不在，但只是在附近。“博伊德！““我跺跺脚搓揉手掌。“该死！““我能听到他穿过树林，他像在垃圾场哨岗一样吠叫。“博伊德回到这里！““吠声继续。诅咒至少一个怪物，我离开了路，跟着噪音。我发现他在十码远的地方，来回奔跑，在白色橡木底座上狂吠。“博伊德！““他继续奔跑，剥皮，并在橡树上猛击。
里面，空气中有霉味，煤油，还有麝香葡萄酒。千足虫在我移动物体时飞溅，有一次，一个长腿爸爸举起了我的手臂。我找不到任何迹象表明DanielWahnetah去了哪里，或者他什么时候走了。或者为什么。克罗在我从垃圾堆里捅出来时又出现了。它永远存在，对此我无能为力。第一次，现实让我伤心。查克vs扔出。或者（也许更准确）为什么我不理解任何人。
虽然我们在这片浩瀚的海洋中穿越了许多岛屿，我们最强调的是传递它们。逆风逆流使我们各处会合都迟到了：唯一的希望就是最后一次，Pullings船长以最无情的方式驾驶那艘船——刺耳的话，强制性命令，不再谦虚，我们认识的和蔼可亲的年轻人不过是一个海上的海盗，当然也不想停下来，即使在岸上看到硫磺的火鸡。但是告诉我，成熟蛋白，是斯威廷的岛真的非常贫穷和荒芜？我从来没有听说过。“也不，天晓得，直到我上尉奥布里说出了它的名字。是他母亲身边的一个表妹发现的，卡特里特上将，他和拜伦一起环游世界，然后又和沃利斯一起航行，但这次是燕子船长，一艘相当小的船，在TierradelFuego的大气层中与沃利斯分离，我不相信卡特雷上没有欢乐，因为它允许他发现他自己的国家，包括这个岛，他以最先发现它的船工的名字命名。我告诉他贝拉发生了什么事。“是啊，贝拉是个荡妇，“他窃窃私语。他解释说，他对《模拟人生》的更大愿景是向人们展示日常生活本身是如何成为一个持续的战略问题，这就是为什么如此多的模拟人生是建立在时间限制和责任的倾斜压力周围的原因。我们甚至对AbrahamMaslow的需求层次进行了友好的交谈，如果我叫“大王”的创造者，那可能就不会发生了。然而，当我暗示《模拟人生》主要是对消费主义的颂扬时，赖特勃然大怒，这种颂扬最终表明购物中心可以获得幸福。
这将说明船长储藏室的破坏情况，从来没有攻击过。这也将解释我们所观察到的行为的整体变化：他们的温和，他们信心十足地在船上徘徊，凝视着路人——这是他们离开的时候。他们渴望得到更多。当我凝视着我商店的废墟时，他们站在我的周围。””这一个的死亡,”达摩克利说。”你把另一个回去了吗?”””不。我把另一张牌吗?”””可能。”””好吧,有一个巧合!”””死亡3号?”””正确的。这是一个特殊的包魔术吗?”克丽试图听起来组成,但即使她可以检测到微弱的叮当声歇斯底里的她的声音。
但是家里没有消息。官方文件，顺便说一句，印度对；但重要的是在这里和斗篷之间，在南大洋的某个地方。我安慰自己，当我们还在这里时，它也许会出现。我需要安慰。我告诉过你很多次了，我确信普通水手认为吃药越多越好，必须注意防止他吞下整瓶药。现在一切都被毁了。洒出的啤酒臭味穿透了咖啡的气味，里奇失去了胃口。赫利家不再那么诱人了。里奇付了钱，走到明亮的晨曦里。
我听着滴水轻轻地在门廊屋顶上滴答作响，挫折在我心中沸腾。她是对的。这不过是一种预感。虽然接近非洲裔美国人的集群，脚仍然和美洲土著一起倒下。GeorgeAdair是白人，JeremiahMitchell是黑人。失踪的渔夫和借邻居的斧头的人就这么多。除非他回到旅馆，DanielWahnetah看起来像个火柴。我检查了我的手表。1045。با حضور همزمان سجاد شهباززاده و کاوه رضایی بسیاری از هواداران این تیم در انتظار شروع فصل بودند تا مشخص شود منصوریان کدام یک از این ستاره ها را در راس خط حمله مورد استفاده قرار خواهد داد. معادله ای که البته در کمتر از چند ساعت با جدایی رضایی از استقلال حل شد تا آرایش جدید خط حمله ی استقلال مشخص شود.
سجاد شهباززاده با جدایی کاوه به راس خط حمله ی استقلال منتقل می شود تا بعد از یک سال جدایی همزمان شماره و پست مورد علاقه ی خود را پس بگیرد. حسن بیت سعید در سیستم 4-2-3-1 مورد علاقه ی منصوریان یکی از بال های کناری آبی ها خواهد بود و البته برای انتخاب دیگر بال این تیم گزینه های متفاوتی را در اختیار دارند که سرمربی آبی ها بر اساس شرایط بازی انتخاب کرد.
جابر انصاری، محسن کریمی، علی قربانی، بهنام برزای و البته مهدی قائدی بازیکنانی هستند که سرمربی استقلال می تواند در طول فصل برای انتخاب خط حمله ی استقلال از آنها بهره بگیرد. البته این احتمال وجود دارد آبی ها با از دست دادن کاوه دست به خرید یک مهاجم جدید بزنند تا با حضور یک ستاره ی جدید، نبود بهترین بازیکن فصل گذشته ی خود را جبران کنند.激光整平机是一种将激光发射机作为基准平面的发射，用激光平整机对整平、混凝土进行实时控制，激光整平机实现高精度、快调的设备。
激光整平机是根据现代工业建筑、购物中心、仓库等大面积混凝土地面，如强度、平整度、平整度等表面质量较高、需求和发展水平较高的。采用精密激光矫直机在水泥混凝土地面找平，其质量在地面上的传播比传统方法好得多——三倍于地面粗糙度和水平密度和强度增加20%以上。与此同时，它可以提高50%的效率，节省约35%的劳动力。此外，还可以很容易地用高强度混凝土、低坍落度混凝土和纤维泥铺成。激光系统配备各种自动控制元件，以每秒10次的速度监测整个平头，确保地板平整和水位得到有效控制。同时，其强大振动器的振动频率达到4000倍/ min，以确保混凝土振动和压实压实，使铺装的整个混凝土基础均质致密。
激光发射器创建一个旋转的激光,激光整平机和激光接收器接收信号,由激光测量和控制系统进行了分析,将反馈和偏差敏感激光整平机的计算机控制系统,在线性致动器调整刮板的高度,确保平整精度。
激光整平机实现高精度
采用激光矫直机将高混凝土与刮板和初始压平拆下，以达到设计要求。液压驱动振动电机振动，频率为4000倍/分钟，驱动整个振动板振动混凝土。激光摊铺机找平不需要把线的控制,也不需要一个侧模板来控制地面高程,由激光整平机和激光测量和控制系统实时控制,只要激光干扰,无论移动激光整平机,可以确保铺平后的地面整体水平不受影响。Di lato: safari in
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置于黑色的盘中，与置于乳白色的盘中相比，看起来要白些。这是一种光学错觉，消费者会认为是真实的。
风味
消费者首先接触的是食品的外观，但食品的风味却可以给消费者留下记忆。
味道是风味的日常用语，但对于科学家来说，味道只是风味全部含义的一小部分。风味包括基本滋味、气味及三叉效应（化学感觉因素）。
基本滋味
基本滋味包括甜、咸、酸、苦和鲜味。与酸味和苦味相比，食品中的甜味和咸味更容易被正确辨识。
酸味经常会与苦味混淆，以酸味为主要风味的食品包括泡菜、酸乳和发酵酪乳；主要呈现苦味的食品包括浓咖啡、高浓度黑啤酒和无糖巧克力。
鲜味在甜味食品中并不重要，但对于咸味烘焙产品（如乳蛋饼、意式薄饼和比萨饼）却很重要。
气味
人类只能感知五种基本滋味，但可以闻到数百甚至数千种明显不同的香气。
气味被认为是最重要的风味组成部分，因为许多食品的主要风味来自其气味。据估计，80%的风味来自气味。产品也最容易通过气味加以区分和描述。
而且气味和情绪之间也有所关联，比如在闻到刚出炉的面包香气时，会不由自主地产生一种愉悦的感觉，这就是香气的神奇，也是烘焙房气味成为强大的产品促销工具的原因。
三叉效应
三叉效应包括姜的辛辣、肉桂的烧灼感、薄荷的清凉等。三叉神经是指将这些感觉信号从口腔和鼻子神经末梢传导到大脑的神经。
三叉效应对面包师和糕点师很重要，即使他们从不使用这个术语，但很难说出哪种香料不依赖三叉效应产生风味效果。记住，三叉神经效应是风味的一部分。与基本滋味和气味一样，食品中的分子也会引起这种感觉。
质地
质地像风味一样复杂。通常，除非质地极其突出或令人不愉快，否则容易被忽略。例如，早餐谷物如果不出现令人不快的潮湿感，其质地就可能会被忽视。
评价质地的主要方式是通过触摸食品触及皮肤的感觉如何，食品在口腔因受热而变化的感觉如何，以及食品受到挤压、牙咬及咀嚼时的反应如何。
外观是判断质地的首要信息。质地的视觉效果为产品的柔软、坚硬、粗糙或光滑感提供了第一线索。
因此烘焙师必须训练各种感觉，尽可能完整分析烘焙品的好坏，同时也要了解如何从那些感官上提升烘焙品的品质，让消费者买单。
（小徐）
《中国食品报》(2023年02月06日05版)
版权声明：本文内容由互联网用户自发贡献，该文观点仅代表作者本人。本站仅提供信息存储空间服务，不拥有所有权，不承担相关法律责任。如发现本站有涉嫌抄袭侵权/违法违规的内容， 请发送邮件至 email@example.com 举报，一经查实，本站将立刻删除。Gesù insegna che l’Antico Testamento ha valore perenne e autorità divina, perchè è parola di Dio. Allo stesso tempo proclama una legge più grande che è la legge dell’Amore, la legge dello Spirito che risuona in ogni cuore umano: «non sono venuto ad abolire, ma a dare pieno compimento».
Egli è venuto per promulgare in modo definitivo la legge di Dio, che realizza con la sua predicazione e soprattutto offrendosi in sacrificio sulla Croce. Gesù ci insegna come compiere la volontà di Dio. Sarà grande chi la compie e, al contrario, chi non la compie sarà il più piccolo.
«Chi dunque trasgredirà uno solo di questi minimi precetti e insegnerà agli altri a fare altrettanto, sarà considerato minimo nel regno dei cieli. Chi invece li osserverà e li insegnerà, sarà considerato grande nel regno dei cieli».
La legge del Signore è la legge della libertà, la legge dell’Amore e, l’amore persino per le cose più piccole ha una grande importanza. Così, insegnava San Josemaría en Cammino: «Le anime grandi hanno in gran conto le cose piccole»[1].
Javier Massa
[1] San Josemaría, Cammino, n. 818
Leggi altri commenti al Vangelo del giornoLa fede: Alleanza, patto (AT)
Nel primo incontro abbiamo parlato della fede come fiducia e affidamento. Abbiamo applicato il tutto alla vita di coppia. Nell’incontro di questa domenica faremo un secondo passo: la fede nell’AT: alleanza, patto con Dio. Prenderemo come testo di riferimento l’alleanza tra Dio e Abramo in quanto è in questo testo che emerge il rituale dell’alleanza. Leggeremo il testo e lo commenteremo facendo emergere che non c’è alleanza se non c’è assunzione di responsabilità tra i contraenti. La responsabilità non è minore o maggiore a seconda delle parti ma è uguale per entrambi. Nel matrimonio marito e moglie si sono assunti la responsabilità davanti a Dio di credere nel suo progetto e di portarlo avanti coinvolgendo tutto se stessi. Nell’alleanza alla fine del patto si erigeva una stele come segno e ricordo di quanto stabilito. L’alleanza verrà rinnovata diverse volte durate la storia millenaria del rapporto tra Dio e il Popolo: Isacco, Giacobbe, Mosè, Giosuè, Davide, Salomone, I profeti, Esdra, Neemia , e il fondamento diventerà l’osservanza dei comandamenti, di cui lo shemà ne diverrà la sintesi “ama Dio …… e il prossimo tuo come te stesso”.
Dal libro della Genesi (15,1-19)
Dopo tali fatti, fu rivolta ad Abram, in visione, questa parola del Signore: "Non temere, Abram. Io sono il tuo scudo; la tua ricompensa sarà molto grande". Rispose Abram: "Signore Dio, che cosa mi darai? Io me ne vado senza figli e l'erede della mia casa è Elièzer di Damasco". Soggiunse Abram: "Ecco, a me non hai dato discendenza e un mio domestico sarà mio erede". Ed ecco, gli fu rivolta questa parola dal Signore: "Non sarà costui il tuo erede, ma uno nato da te sarà il tuo erede". Poi lo condusse fuori e gli disse: "Guarda in cielo e conta le stelle, se riesci a contarle"; e soggiunse: "Tale sarà la tua discendenza". Egli credette al Signore, che glielo accreditò come giustizia.
E gli disse: "Io sono il Signore, che ti ho fatto uscire da Ur dei Caldei per darti in possesso questa terra". Rispose: "Signore Dio, come potrò sapere che ne avrò il possesso?". Gli disse: "Prendimi una giovenca di tre anni, una capra di tre anni, un ariete di tre anni, una tortora e un colombo". Andò a prendere tutti questi animali, li divise in due e collocò ogni metà di fronte all'altra; non divise però gli uccelli. Gli uccelli rapaci calarono su quei cadaveri, ma Abram li scacciò.
Mentre il sole stava per tramontare, un torpore cadde su Abram, ed ecco terrore e grande oscurità lo assalirono. Allora il Signore disse ad Abram: "Sappi che i tuoi discendenti saranno forestieri in una terra non loro; saranno fatti schiavi e saranno oppressi per quattrocento anni. Ma la nazione che essi avranno servito, la giudicherò io: dopo, essi usciranno con grandi ricchezze. Quanto a te, andrai in pace presso i tuoi padri; sarai sepolto dopo una vecchiaia felice. Alla quarta generazione torneranno qui, perché l'iniquità degli Amorrei non ha ancora raggiunto il colmo".
Quando, tramontato il sole, si era fatto buio fitto, ecco un braciere fumante e una fiaccola ardente passare in mezzo agli animali divisi. In quel giorno il Signore concluse quest'alleanza con Abram:
"Alla tua discendenza
io do questa terra,
dal fiume d'Egitto
al grande fiume, il fiume Eufrate;
la terra dove abitano i Keniti, i Kenizziti, i Kadmoniti, 20gli Ittiti, i Perizziti, i Refaìm, 21gli Amorrei, i Cananei, i Gergesei e i Gebusei".
Dal vangelo secondo Giovanni (15, 1-17)
"Io sono la vite vera e il Padre mio è l'agricoltore. Ogni tralcio che in me non porta frutto, lo taglia, e ogni tralcio che porta frutto, lo pota perché porti più frutto. Voi siete già puri, a causa della parola che vi ho annunciato. Rimanete in me e io in voi. Come il tralcio non può portare frutto da se stesso se non rimane nella vite, così neanche voi se non rimanete in me. Io sono la vite, voi i tralci. Chi rimane in me, e io in lui, porta molto frutto, perché senza di me non potete far nulla. Chi non rimane in me viene gettato via come il tralcio e secca; poi lo raccolgono, lo gettano nel fuoco e lo bruciano. Se rimanete in me e le mie parole rimangono in voi, chiedete quello che volete e vi sarà fatto. In questo è glorificato il Padre mio: che portiate molto frutto e diventiate miei discepoli.
Come il Padre ha amato me, anche io ho amato voi. Rimanete nel mio amore. Se osserverete i miei comandamenti, rimarrete nel mio amore, come io ho osservato i comandamenti del Padre mio e rimango nel suo amore. Vi ho detto queste cose perché la mia gioia sia in voi e la vostra gioia sia piena.
Questo è il mio comandamento: che vi amiate gli uni gli altri come io ho amato voi. Nessuno ha un amore più grande di questo: dare la sua vita per i propri amici. Voi siete miei amici, se fate ciò che io vi comando. Non vi chiamo più servi, perché il servo non sa quello che fa il suo padrone; ma vi ho chiamato amici, perché tutto ciò che ho udito dal Padre mio l'ho fatto conoscere a voi. Non voi avete scelto me, ma io ho scelto voi e vi ho costituiti perché andiate e portiate frutto e il vostro frutto rimanga; perché tutto quello che chiederete al Padre nel mio nome, ve lo conceda. Questo vi comando: che vi amiate gli uni gli altri.
Ci dividiamo a coppia e insieme confrontiamoci su queste domande. Non ti preoccupare di rispondere a tutte, hai la possibilità di farlo durante il mese prima del pro
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Heath Ledger (Brokeback Mountain, The Dark Knight, The Patriot) and Hugh Jackman (X-Men Series, Australia, Kate and Leopold) are successful Australian actors too. And don’t forget the women: Nicole Kidman (Moulin Rouge, Australia, Cold Mountain, Days of Thunder) and Cate Blanchett (Lord of the Rings, The Missing, Indiana Jones). Sometimes people make a mistake and think they are Americans! Australian music also has many stars, particularly famous is Kylie Minogue, and not just in pop music, but also in classical and Australian folk music too. She began her career as an actress on Neighbours (Australia’s famous soap opera) before she became a singer.
Many Australian sportsmen and women are also famous, because they have been very successful in competitions like the Olympics. Lleyton Hewitt and Samantha Stosur are famous tennis players and Ian Thorpe was a very successful swimmer. He won five Olympic gold medals – the most any Australian athlete has ever won.
Australia is very rich in culture. The millions of settlers from countries around the world brought their cultures with them, which has made Australia the multicultural country it is today. Australians are known for their friendliness and welcome millions of visitors a year to their home country wishing to experience the beautiful beaches, see the amazing Australian animals and enjoy the famous Australian beer!TODAY’S STUDY: WIND BEATS OIL IN THE ATLANTIC
Offshore Energy by the Numbers; An Economic Analysis of Offshore Drilling and Wind Energy in the Atlantic
Andrew Menaquale, January 2015 (Oceana)
The oil industry has been pushing to expand offshore drilling to the Atlantic Ocean. The industry claims that opening the Atlantic to drilling will lead the United States towards energy independence, generate millions of dollars in revenue for states, and create thousands of jobs in the process.1 However, many of the arguments made about the benefits of offshore drilling do not stand up to scrutiny, and the benefits of offshore wind prove to be greater and available over a longer period of time.
For instance, the oil and gas resources that industry claims will contribute to domestic energy independence would not be extracted until 2026 at the earliest, based on industry’s own estimates.2 This is due to the extensive time it takes to survey proposed areas, conduct exploratory drilling, and build a massive network of infrastructure necessary to conduct large-scale drilling. In addition, industry includes oil and gas resources that are not economically feasible to extract, incorporates inaccurate resources multipliers, and assumes a non-existent revenue-sharing system. All of these assumptions result in exaggerated job creation figures. The industry itself projects that the overwhelming bulk of the jobs promised will not be created for at least another decade,3 mainly because commercial production would not begin until 2026. Additionally, the industry and some offshore drilling proponents argue that states will benefit from funding that would come from a revenue-sharing system that currently does not exist.4 As a result, the revenue figures promised are not guaranteed. At the same time, if the U.S. moves forward with the expansion of offshore drilling, there could likely be very real and detrimental impacts to the environment and coastal economies.
On the other hand, developing even a modest amount of available offshore wind resources would be a far better strategy to lead the U.S. toward energy independence, while generating hundreds of thousands of new jobs. Unlike offshore drilling, offshore wind provides power directly to coastal communities without resulting in pollution, carbon dioxide emissions or spills. The oil industry’s estimates are often based on unrealistic assumptions about the job growth potential of developing oil and gas. This report compares economically recoverable oil and gas development to conservative estimates of offshore wind development to allow an “apples-to-apples” comparison of the energy and jobs that could be created by each.
• A modest and gradual development of offshore wind on the East Coast could generate up to 143 gigawatts of power over the next 20 years, which is enough to power over 115 million households;
• In the next 20 years, offshore wind could create about 91,000 more jobs than offshore drilling, which is about double the job creation potential;
• Based on government estimates, if all of the economically recoverable offshore oil and gas in the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) were extracted and used, oil demand would only be met for 132 days and gas demand would only be met for 283 days, at current consumption rates;
• For comparison purposes, the energy created by 20 years of offshore wind in the Atlantic could produce five billion barrels of oil equivalents (BOE) more than that of all the economically recoverable oil and gas in the same area;
• In just 13 years of producing energy, offshore wind could generate more energy than could be provided by all of the economically recoverable offshore oil and gas resources;
• Along the Atlantic coast, nearly 1.4 million jobs and over $95 billion in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) rely on healthy ocean ecosystems, mainly through fishing, tourism and recreation;
• Offshore wind offers more environmental benefits and fewer detrimental environmental impacts than offshore drilling;
• In all seven states where offshore drilling is proposed, offshore wind could produce more jobs than offshore drilling; and
• North Carolina has the highest wind resource and job creation potential of any state in the targeted offshore drilling zone on the Atlantic coast.
A modest development of our domestic offshore wind resource would offer benefits that cannot be matched by offshore drilling. Offshore wind has the potential to generate more jobs, produce more power, and lead to a higher degree of energy independence than offshore drilling for oil and gas. In addition, offshore winds blow strongest during the day and at other times of peak demand, providing a critical clean energy power source to the grid when it is needed the most. Perhaps most importantly, however, offshore wind development could help the U.S. transition away from fossil fuels and toward clean and renewable energy, a necessary shift given the widespread adverse impacts of offshore drilling, including those related to climate change. The oil and gas industry advocates strongly for more drilling in undeveloped areas, promising strong benefits for job creation and energy development.
This report provides a realistic picture of what offshore drilling could provide for the East Coast by comparing the oil and gas industry’s projections to similar projections for what could instead be provided by offshore wind. We demonstrate here that the development of offshore wind benefits the economy, coastal communities and the environment more than the development of offshore oil and gas resources in the same region. Specifically, wind could create more than twice as many jobs, and in 20 years, it could produce more than twice the energy, as measured in billions of barrels of oil equivalent (BOE), as would offshore drilling (Tables 1 and 2).Taking care of mental health this National Suicide Prevention Month.
Every year, more than 41,000 take their own lives, leaving behind loved ones who are confused and devastated by the loss. Unfortunately, suicide is a growing epidemic that people are often too ashamed or scared to talk about. Rather than allowing this worrying trend to continue, National Suicide Prevention Month encourages people to come forward with their personal stories and offer resources to those who may be struggling with suicidal thoughts. In addition to preventing more suicides, this month is dedicated to helping those affected by suicide find the support and comfort they need to recover from their loss.
This September, help spread awareness for National Suicide Prevention Month by sharing your personal experiences and offering support to your friends and followers. Be sure to tag your posts with the hashtags #SuicidePrevention and #StigmaFree to join the other people who are working to spread awareness.
If you or someone you know is experiencing an emergency, call 911 immediately. If you or someone you know is going through a difficult time and having suicidal thoughts, then call the National Suicide Hotline at 1-800-273 TALK (8255). If you feel uncomfortable reaching out with a call, then you can also text “NAMI” to 741-741 to exchange free messages with a trained crisis counselor on the Crisis Text Line.
NAMI, or the National Alliance on Mental Illness, also offers a variety of resources for those struggling with suicidal thoughts and for those who are affected by suicide. Please head to their website HERE to explore their resources and speak to a professional if necessary.
This National Suicide Prevention Month, let’s all do our parts to openly discuss mental health and encourage others to seek the support that they need. Join us at The Reardon Agency as we do our parts to fight this growing epidemic.
Comments are closed.A Walk In The Sun for The Health of It
a long walk with bright sunshine can save your life
The health of the public is being put at risk by recommendations to cover up and stay out of the sun. These recommendations, which are part of Cancer Research SunSmart program, increase the risk of several types of cancer, and may also increase deaths from melanoma, the most serious form of skin cancer.
Increased exposure to sunlight or greater intake of vitamin D has been found to reduce the risk of five common cancers in case/control studies. These are cancer of the colon, breast, ovary, prostate and lymphoma. Additional evidence based on differences in incidence of cancer in northern versus southern states of America have found that some 16 or more different types of cancer are less common in the sunny south.
For example, the risk of prostate cancer, which causes some 100,000 deaths a year has been found to be reduced by sunbathing. And sunburn in childhood is even associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer, presumably because people who become sunburned have greater exposure to the sun.
Some 50 per cent of people obtain insufficient vitamin D which increases their risk of cancer and other diseases. Sunlight is the major source of vitamin D. Only small amounts are obtained in foods such as eggs, butter or margarine, meat, some breakfast cereals and oily fish. Vitamin D supplements do not provide enough extra vitamin if taken at the usually recommended levels.
So... grab a loved one and take a long walk in the Sun and soak up the rays of life.
Thank all of you for your patronage.
Have an excellent day.
Steviva Brands, Inc.
Accept Change With A Smile
Sooner or later you'll experience a crisis in your life,
and how you meet it will determine your future happiness and success.
Since the beginning of time,
everyone has been called upon to meet such a crisis.
A closer look will show you that most "crisis situations"
are opportunities to either advance or stay where you are.
In fact, most changes in your life will take place
out of either "inspiration" or "desperation."
Whatever comes your way,
give it meaning and transform it into something of value.
Your personal growth is the process of responding positively to change.
A precious stone cannot be polished without friction,
nor humanity perfected without trials.
Save Money And Calories By Brown Bagging It
Brown bagging your lunch to work or school can shave unwanted calories from your diet plan. But it does more than just protect your waistline. It adds more nutrients to your diet, and leaves more money in your pocket!
Most foods prepared by restaurants, traditional or fast food, pack a wallop of calories, fat and sodium. There are a few healthy choices out there, but even when you aim for a low calorie meal, you often miss the mark. A typical fast food meal consisting of a hamburger, medium fries and medium soft drink contains a whopping 800 calories and 25 grams of fat.
Still want a burger? Brown bag a meatless burger with sliced tomatoes, lettuce and pickles. Skip the mayo and use flavorful mustard and ketchup. Throw in some baby carrots and fresh fruit and you're looking at a mere 350 calories and 4 grams of fat.
And while this lunch contains fewer calories, it packs in more vitamins and minerals. Plus you'll have time for that walk that you never seem to be able to fit into your lunch break.
When making lunches, use fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy and lean protein to keep you energized. If morning time is hectic for you, try packing your lunch while waiting for supper to cook. And when preparing vegetables for dinner, place some in a container for lunch.
I love to cook a little extra at dinner and re-invent it as lunch.
And there are many frozen food items that fit nicely into a lunch bag -- just look at the nutrition facts panel to make sure they are low in calories, fat and sodium.
Packing your own lunch can be quick and easy, and save a lot of money. So splurge a bit and buy a reusable lunch tote. You won't exactly be "brown bagging it," but it will have the same affect on your waistline and pocketbook.
Be Open To Change
“Balance is a dynamic process; it changes with the days, the seasons, the years.”
-- Sherrill Sellman
How rigid are your routines? Do you exercise for 30 minutes, three times each week no matter how you feel?
Routines and structure can provide a valuable framework to bring discipline to our lives. At the same time, we are always changing and it’s wise to be sensitive to our physical, emotional and mental states so we can ensure that our activities truly meet our needs. We need to be willing to change our patterns when our practices no longer serve us.
“Only in growth, reform, and change, paradoxically enough, is true security to be found.”
-- Anne Morrow Lindbergh
“The smallest change in perspective can transform a life. What tiny attitude adjustment might turn your world around?”
Sugar Free Low Glycemic Cranberry Chutney
Carbs Per Serving: 12.2 g
Prep Time:<45 minutes
Fresh cranberries are just coming into season. So, I have for you a delicious cranberry chutney with apples, oranges, golden raisins, and spices, perfect alongside pork, turkey, and chicken main dishes.
1 orange, peeled, tough membrane removed, chopped
1/4 cup orange juice
1 package (12 ounces) fresh cranberries
1 3/4 cups Steviva Brand Stevia Blend or [2 cups unsweetened apple sauce mixed with 1/4 teaspoon Steviva Brand Stevia Powder]
1 large Golden Delicious apple, peeled, cored, chopped
1/2 cup golden raisins
1/4 cup chopped pecans or walnuts
1 tablespoon apple cider vinegar
1/2 teaspoon ground ginger
1/2 teaspoon ground cinnamon
Combine all ingredients in a large saucepan; bring to a boil. Reduce heat; simmer, stirring occasionally, for 5 to 8 minutes, or until cranberries are bursting. Chill until serving time; freeze surplus in small containers.
115 calories (4% calories from fat)
.01 g protein
.011 g total fat (4.9 g saturated fat),
12.2 g carbohydrate
4.2 g dietary fiber
0.8 mg cholesterol
146 mg sodium
Try All Natural Steviva Brand Stevia Blend and Steviva Brand Stevia Powder!
SAVE OVER $10.00 with the Super Duper Let’s Get Acquainted Special #1. To get you familiar with our products we offer 1 - 8 ounce by volume bottle of (1.3 ounces by weight) Steviva Brand 95% Stevia Powder and 1 lb Bag of Steviva Brand Stevia Blend for cooking and baking. A $34.75 Value for only $25.00! PLUS WE WILL SHIP IT TO YOU FOR FREE! Click Here To Order!
SAVE OVER $6.00 with the Super Duper Let’s Get Acquainted Special #2. To get you familiar with our products we offer 2 - 8 ounce by volume bottle of (1.3 ounces by weight) Steviva Brand 95% Stevia Powder. A $31.75 Value for only $25.00! PLUS WE WILL SHIP IT TO YOU FOR FREE! Click Here To Order!
Steviva brand organic tea cut stevia leaves are approximately 40 times sweeter than sugar. Stevia leaves can be added to your favorite tea or they can be your favorite tea. We are offering 1 kilo/2.2 lbs for $29.99 our regular price is $39.95. Click here to order as many as you want.
5 lb of Steviva Brand Organic Yerba Mate Green Tea - This stimulating herbal beverage has the unique ability to wake up the mind without the nervousness and jitters associated with coffee. It is amazing and delicious and on sale for $36.90. The regular price is $45.00 Click here to order as many as you want.In recent years, special emphasis has been placed on the consumption of seasonal products, since they not only contribute to numerous benefits for our health, but we will also be cooperating in an improvement of the environment. Thus, consuming seasonal
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n phase with the ENSO,” and that the shift in 2008 corresponded precisely with the onset of a cool phase of the PDO.
The PDO is primarily a sea surface temperature phenomenon that oscillates in the Pacific Ocean, usually switching from a warm or positive phase to a cool or negative phase every 20-30 years. In the positive phase the Eastern Pacific, along the West coast of the Americas is unusually warm, while the Western Pacific along the East coast of Asia is unusually cool. During the negative phase the opposite occurs.
The PDO is often described as a long lasting ENSO-like event. ENSO is what is commonly referred to as El Niño and La Niña, a sea surface temperature oscillation in the southern Pacific Ocean that is a strong predictor of precipitation anomalies, and therefore drought or flooding, around the globe.
In fact, this summer we are seeing a strong El Niño, also known as a positive ENSO, corresponding with a strong, positive PDO.
Researchers have known or suspected since the early 20th century that El Niño brings strong rains along the United States’ west coast. However, we now know, thanks to the results of the study on the Baltoro Glacier, that the formation and expansion of glacial lakes in the Karakoram Himalayas also occurs during the warm phase of the PDO, in particular when it is in phase with ENSO.
According to The Weather Chanel, “Los Angeles, San Diego and over a dozen other California cities set all-time rainfall records for the month of July.” In fact, a National Weather Service meteorologist described these recent rains as “super historic.”
Researchers are beginning to pay more attention to sea surface temperature in the Pacific Ocean, and around the globe, as we are realizing that they influence everything from strong storms in California to glacial melt in the Himalayas.
The PDO was only relatively recently discovered, found in 1997 due to its influence on Pacific Northwest salmon production. Understanding what scientists call teleconnections between these various natural phenomenon can help us better prepare ourselves for the volatile environment in which we live. Knowing ahead of time that when Southern California will have heavy storms, mountain villages in the Himalayas should be wary of glacial lake flooding, can help save time, money, and lives.L’EASA ha annunciato che ora sono necessarie ripetute ispezioni a bordo per tre varianti dei motori Rolls-Royce Trent 900, a seguito di crepe precedentemente identificate sui loro alberi del rotore.
L’Agenzia dell’Unione europea per la sicurezza (EASA) ha emesso una proposta rinnovata di direttiva sull’aeronavigabilità (AD). La dichiarazione ha evidenziato che dall’emissione dell’ultimo AD il 28 febbraio 2020, l’EASA ha deciso che ora saranno necessari controlli ripetuti per i motori Trent 900 già installati.
I modelli specifici per l’ispezione includono il Trent 970-84, 972-84 e 972E-84, che alimentano l’Airbus A380. I controlli a bordo dovranno ora essere condotti a intervalli di tempo che non superino i 500 cicli di volo o le 5.000 ore di volo, a seconda di quale si verifica per prima.
L’EASA ha dichiarato che l’indagine per identificare la causa delle crepe sugli alberi del rotore del compressore a pressione intermedia (IPC) è ancora in corso. Tuttavia, visto che più motori potrebbero dover affrontare gli stessi problemi e quanto pericoloso possa essere questo difetto, l’autorità ha deciso di aumentare ulteriormente le misure precauzionali.
“Questa condizione, se non rilevata e corretta, potrebbe portare al guasto dell’albero rotore IPC, con la possibilità di provocare il rilascio di detriti ad alta energia, con conseguente danno e / o controllo ridotto dell’aereo”, si legge in una dichiarazione dell’EASA. .
L’EASA ha datato per la prima volta i numeri originali il 23 gennaio e il 3 febbraio 2020. È stata trovata una crepa tra i dischi IPC su uno dei motori, seguita da una simile durante una successiva visita a un negozio.Amongst Ham Houseʼs other claims to fame is its fine collection of Coade stone statues. Coade stone is, in fact, a form of very hard ceramic that was cast and then fired, and was named after Mrs. Eleanor Coade, its inventor, who founded the Coade Factory in Lambeth in 1769. Although referred to always as Mrs. Coade, in fact, she never married and was a formidable woman by all accounts.
Although a lengthy and complicated manufacturing process, Coade Stone statues and garden ornaments cost less than a tenth of the price of the equivalent carved stone item, and lead to the wide-spread use of statues in late eighteenth century gardens.
The River God outside the Entrance Front of Ham House is one of the largest pieces ever produced.
Contrary to popular belief the formula was not lost on her death and Coade Stone can still be produced today. However, given the complexity of the operation compared to modern cement based processes, it is no longer economically viable.
Check the National Trustʼs website for opening times etc.S: Sports in the 1900s
FC: Sports in the 1900s by Christina Su
1: Content: The 1900s was a big game changer for the world of Sports. From the first Olympics, to the first World Series, the 1900s was a time of new beginnings. Rules were changed and made to make games more comfortable to watch and to play, and racism was on its way to being stopped. In the 1900s sports took a big leap in changing rules, beginnings, and requirements. The sports include boxing, baseball, football, and the Olympics. *Pictures of all the sports* | Sports in the 1900s | The 1900s was a big game changer for the world of Sports. From the first Olympics, to the first World Series, the 1900s was a time of new beginnings. Rules were changed and made to make games more comfortable to watch and to play, and racism was on its way to being stopped. In the 1900s sports took a big leap, from changing rules, to new beginnings and requirements. The sports include boxing, baseball, football, and the Olympics.
2: Boxing took a big step away from segregation in the 1900s. It was supposed to build a person's character, instill confidence, and improve their physical build. | BOXING | At first it wasn't popular. But it became popular after the Queensbury Rules were created. They required rounds to be three minutes long, and people to use gloves.
3: Jim Jeffries, a white boxer, was the big champion at the beginning of the century. In 1905 he retired after defeating everyone that he boxed. Luckily, Tommy Burns stepped up to the job, he became the next world champion. The best black boxer was Jack Johnson; he defeated all of the best fighters.. But when he challenged Tommy Burns, Burns refused because Johnson was black. Johnson wanted to challenge him so bad, that he followed him all around the world. Johnson finally defeated Burns on Dec. 26, 1908. That was the beginning of ending segregation in boxing. | Jim Jeffries | Tommy Burns | Jack Johnson
4: BASEBALL | Another sport that had an outbreak in the 1900s was baseball. The first World Series was held in 1900. Today in America it's a very big tradition. | At first there was a National League, which consisted of teams from Boston, Brooklyn, Chicago, Cincinnati, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and St. Louis. In 1900 Byron Bancroft "Ban" Johnson made the Minor-League Western Association into the American League so the teams could play against the National League.
5: In 1903 there were hundreds of players that transferred to the American League because it paid more money. Later in 1903 the managers from the National League and American League got together and made the “joint playing rules” which are the rules for baseball today, and scheduled the first world series. | At the end of the 1903 season, the first World Series was held. The National League's Pittsburgh Pirates lost against the American League's' Boston Pilgrims. In the 1904 season the National League refused to play in the World Series, supposedly from embarrassment after the year before. But in 1905 both leagues played a four-out-of-seven series, and the National League's New York Giants won against the American League's Philadelphia Athletics. That is the back-story to today's great tradition. | 1903 Boston Pilgrims
6: FOOTBALL | In the 1900s football was mostly popular in college. But the problem with it was that people often got hurt, and some died. At one point, football was almost stopped, but it continued only because colleges depended on it... A colleges reputation could be brought up or brought down with a win or loss of a football game. | Football in the 1900s
7: President Roosevelt called the football summit before the 1905 season started, and asked all Ivy League presidents to go to the White House. This was to make football safer, but in 1905 eighteen players had died and 159 were severely injured. So the Intercollegiate Athletic Association and the Intercollegiate Rules Committee got together and changed the rules so that it was required to wear padding. This makes a big difference on football today because now we can be safer! | Theodore Roosevelt
8: The 1900s was not only a time for American tradition; it was a start for an international tradition. The first Olympic games were held in 1900 in Paris, France. A lot of people thought that Americans were loud rude, and cheated. This was because the U.S. was very successful in track and field. In 1904, the Olympics were held in St. Louis Missouri. In St. Louis for the Olympics, only 6/18 countries showed up. Again the U.S. was very successful, winning 22/23 track and field events. Then in 1908 the Olympics were held in London, England. | THE OLYMPICS
9: Sports in the 1900s | A lot of things that happened in the 1900s effects us today. The 1900s set rules for today's sports, and started with safety equipment. Sports in the 1900s were very segregated, boxing started breaking the barrier. It also brought us the Olympics, and the World Series. All in all, it was a great decade for sports.
10: WORK CITED | CONTENT | Bobek, Milan. Decades of the 10th Century: 1900s. Prescott: Eldorado Ink, 2005. Print. Callan, Jim. America in the 1900s and 1910s. New York: Stonesong Press, 2006. Print. DISCovering U.S. History. Detroit: Gale, 2003. N. pag. Gale Student Resources in Context. Web. 15 Apr. 2012. Feinstein, Stephen. The 1900s. Berkeley Heights: Enslow, 2006. Print. This Fabulous Century 1900-1910. Morristown, New Jersey : Time Inc, 1969. Print.
11: PICTURES | http://hopenrecovery.wordpress.com/2011/11/06/unexpected-gifts/ http://www.oocities.org/colosseum/lodge/6525/Record.htm http://www.cyberboxingzone.com/boxing/burns.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Johnson_(boxer) http://www.free-extras.com/search/1/baseball.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_Series_champions http://www2.uwrf.edu/arc/features/sports.php http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Theodore_Roosevelt,_1904.jpg http://www.infobarrel.com/12_Olympic_Sports_That_Have_Ceased_To_ExistDuring a panel discussion on 10 June 2017 with Mexico’s President Enrique Pena Nieto, German Chancellor Angela Merkel declared that
Obviously the main reason for people leaving must be addressed on site first, which means that putting up walls and cutting oneself off will not solve the problem.
Well, yes, but how?
The West handed the recipe for getting rich to the rest of the world centuries years ago, but countless leaders and billions of people find the necessary ingredients not at all to their taste.
Germany itself has failed to prevent people from remaining in the former Democratic Republic of Germany (DDR), which had already suffered a sharp population decline under Soviet occupation. People have continued leaving since reunification, especially youth in search of education and opportunity in richer West Germany.
The day after the Berlin Wall fell on 9 November 1989, former German Chancellor Willy Brandt (allegedly) pronounced the famous slogan that the economic landscape would flourish and grow together (zusammenwachsen).
Although the former East Germany was reputed to have the most efficient economy in the Soviet empire, it was soon revealed it to be an empty shell, leading Helmut Schmidt, another former chancellor, to point out in 1992 that reality had overtaken Brandt’s hopes and forecasts.
But it was not for want of trying – or investment.
In 2011, the Former German Finance Minister Peer Steinbrück said that
Over a period of 20 years, German reunification has cost €2 trillion, or an average of €100 billion a year.
Most of this huge sum went into bringing East Germany’s infrastructure up to West German standards and improving wages to nearer those of the Federal Republic.
And yet, in 2017 the population of the old Democratic Republic continues to fall and unemployment is still higher than in West Germany.
So one might have thought that a German Chancellor from the former Soviet zone would have a better sense of the difficulties of, and the decades needed for economic development.
Merkel has played the moral card in Mexico City, but also has no real answers to Mexico’s huge problems.
Among other books, she needs to read
Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty by Daron Acemoğlu and James A. Robinson, 2012 – the German version appeared in June 2014.
Chapter 1, coincidentally, is entitled
SO CLOSE AND YET SO DIFFERENT
Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales, Sonora [Mexico], have the same people, culture, and geography. Why is one rich and one poor?
When Merkel comes up with a way not just to understand, but to resolve the differences in history, institutions and cultures that produce such vast differences in health and wealth, then she will be worth listening to.
The problem is that although the recipe is well-known, master chefs, like the Japanese and, more recently the Taiwanese and South Koreans, are few and far between and usually spoil the dish.
Or, to use another metaphor, you can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make it drink.
That applies to all of Latin America, all of Africa – and most of Asia and south and eastern Europe, without even taking into consideration the better climatic and geographical conditions enjoyed by the U.S. and Western Europe.
In the meantime, should the United States continue accepting illegal immigrants – and risk further loss of the country’s cohesion?
Merkel did not explicitly name Donald Trump during her comments, but it is astonishing how many people compare the Berlin and U.S.-Mexico walls when their purposes are completely different.
Again, Merkel should know better.
The Berlin Wall was built by a poor country and repressive regime to keep people in, the U.S. wall by a rich and free democracy to keep people out.
A recognition of that simple fact alone would raise the level of debate.Discover the natural world and the connections that make nature work, when student host Patrice Forrester and Senior Naturalist Dave Erler of the Squam Lakes Natural Science Center explore the ways living things interact with the environment. NatureWorks is designed to align with state and national science frameworks and standards an
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�大拉力)、rou韧性好 (能较好地适应砽iang担拐鹉芰η? 、单位质liang轻 ( 在牵引guo程中可减小与kong壁的mo瞝iang?，非常适he牵引shi工。为确保gou州平台注册质liang，管道材料必xu满足各项设计yaoqiu：
① 管道内外壁guang滑平整，管身没有裂缝，管kou无破损、裂kou或变形等缺陷；
② 管道的端面应平整 (与管的zhouxian垂直)，zhouxiang不de有明显的弯qu，管道chakou外径、承kou内径的尺cun及yuan度应满足yaoqiu；
③ 管材内压强度及刚度应满足设计yaoqiu；
弧形导xiangkong轨迹由liang部fen组成 : zao斜段和直xian段 。zao斜段是钻gan进rufu管深度的guo渡段 ,直xian段是管道穿越障碍物的fu设段 。导xiangkong轨迹的形态取决于穿越起dian ( A dian) 、穿越zhongdian ( B dian) 、fu管深度 ( h) 、zao斜段qu率半径 ( R1、R2)等参数 ,qi中 R1 由钻gan最小qu率半径 ( Rd)和fu管深度 ( h) 决ding ,根据经验 Rd≥1 000 d ( d 为钻gan直径 ,50 mm) ; R2由所fu管的弯qu半径决ding。
gou州平台注册中一次牵引fu设管xian最大长度为an实际地形erding，但不de超guo设计规范yaoqiu ,当fu设长度guo大或受场地等外界yinsu影响时牵引机械不足以一次完成拖管工zuo ,zhe时需yaocai取fen段牵引shi工 (jiantu 2) 。AB 段的导xiangkong打通以后先用 é200 的回扩头回扩一次 ,然后把回扩头推至 AB 段中dian O ;在 O dian挖坑 (2 m ×4 m ×6 m) ,换shang钻头yanquxian钻进至 M dianchu土 ,顺次回扩拖管 ,完成 AO 段管道的fu设 ;后退23 m 以dian N zuo为ru土dianyanquxian钻进至 O dian (确保达到yuding深度) ,然后换shang 回扩头顺着原kong推至P dianchu土 ,顺次回扩拖管 ,完成 OB 段管道的fu设 。
每段牵引需yao挖掘 2 个工zuo坑 ,即rukou工zuo坑和chukou工zuo坑 ,juncai用机衐i诰 、密扣钢板桩支护 。rukou工zuo坑用于检测钻gan的钻进角度和xuan转扭动等工zuo状态 ,一般在钻机前面 6～10 m 处挖掘 ,尺cun为 1. 5 m ×6 m ,挖深由地面渐变到yuding深度。shi工工序为 :破除路面 →打钢板桩支护 →挖土 →清运余泥 →工zuo坑wei蔽 。yao注意的是人工挖泥guo程不yao损坏人行道下的管xian 。chukou工zuo坑是回拖时提供排水管ru洞的工zuo坑 ,qi尺cun和shi工fangfa与rukou工zuo坑相同 。
导xiang钻机的主yao部件觴in质阶昊 、操zuo蟙i 、动力zhan 、液压蟙i 、钻头 、钻gan等 ,an照an装使用规范进行an装 。钻机运到现场后xu先锚guwending ,bing根据yu先设计的钻机倾斜角进行调整 ,依縦ong昊猤an打ru土中 ,使后支承和前底座锚与地层gu结wending 。钻gan轨迹的第一段是zao斜段 ,kong制钻gan的ru射角度和钻头斜面的fangxiang ,缓mangei进er不xuan转钻头 ,就能使钻头an设计的zao斜段钻进 。钻头到达zao斜段完成处后便进行排水管流水段 (即AB直xian段) 的钻进 :xuan转钻头bing提供gei进力 ,钻头就能yan水平直xian钻进 。钻头shang装有带信号发射功能的tan测仪器在钻进guo程中通guo地面接收仪器接收tan头发chu的信号 ,经译码后便可获知钻头深度 、顶角 、工具面xiang角 、tan头温度等参数 ,根据所接收的数据调整钻头操zuo参数 ,使钻进an照流水xian标高路xian前进 ,到达chukou工zuo坑后完成钻kong工序 。
钻机pei有一手持步履跟踪式导xiang仪 ,用以确ding钻头位置及各项数据 ,监测钻头是否偏离设计轨迹。在zao斜段钻头胟ong杲 10 cm 就测一次钻头的位置 ,在平fu段则每隔20 cm 监测一次。ruguo发现偏离轨道 ,就通guo调整钻头斜面的fangxiang进行纠偏 ,但纠偏不能太急 (应该在ji根钻gan长度内完成纠偏) ,也不yaoguo度 。
钻头到达chukou工zuo坑后钻进工zuo完成 ,但是kong径还没有达到fu设yaoqiu ,yinci需yaocai取duo次扩径，直至扩kong到yudingkong径。具体操zuo为 :卸下钻头 ,在钻gan尾端连接回扩头 ,开动钻机xuan转 、回拉扩蚮ang欣﹌ong 。回拉guo程中xu不断jia接钻gan (始zhong保持钻gan不能没rukong洞中) ,扩头回拉到达接驳坑后卸下的回扩头 ,再在chukou工zuo坑的钻gan尾端接shang 大一号 的回扩头 ,ruci扩kong到yudingkong径。
在钻gan回拉扩kongguo程中 ,需通guo钻gan注rupengrun蚻iang ,襶ue跎賛o擦 ,絛ang突刈ぞ睾突乩枇 ,同时pengrun蚻iang褂術u壁 、防止kong禼i鷉ang和冷却钻头的zuo用 。xuan转回扩头切削下来的泥土与pengrun蚻iang靐e形成泥jiang后流到chukou工zuo坑的集jiang坑里 ,实现liao将土排chu的目的 。集jiang坑里设泥jiang泵 ,用以把泥jiang抽到泥jiang池 。
成功扩kong到yudingkong径后便可回拉fu设管道，在回拉前yao进行管道的接连 ,糲ong萌萺ongfa将PE管连接成与成kong长度相当的管道之后 ,将管道与扩kong器相连 ,经回拉将管道牵引进kong洞内 。
将yao连接的liang根管zi保持水平状态 ,bing清除qi表面的杂物 ,将电热rong带及锁紧扣带放在管道连接部位bing用jiaqian把锁紧扣带扣紧 ,然后把热rong机与电热rong带相接 ,设dingjia热时jian后qi动热rong机(绿灯liang) ,当热rong机的红灯liang时电热rongguo程完成 。guan掉电源 ,再一次用jiaqian扣紧锁紧扣带bing保持一ding的冷却时jian(yue 15 min) ,冷却后松开锁紧扣带 。ruci类推将管道焊接成需yaofu设的长度 ,为拖管做好准备 。
回拉管道guo程中yao牵引的管xianhen长 ,为liao保证在牵引guo程中不会chu现拉断管和yin泥jiang排chu不及时er压bian管的情况 ,在回拉前yaozuo以下处理：li用PE比钢管内径小liangdang，在PE管外部用钢管进行护管。在钢tao管外部绑shang钢筋，技术处理ru下 :a. 顺管外yan用 4 根6号钢筋紧抱管liang端 ,管中yang则用 1 根8号钢筋拉zhu管liang端 ,在管外wei每隔 10 m cai用6号的钢筋huan形抱zhu外yan的 4 根钢筋 ,确保拖管的整体性 ,防止断管 。为liao保证zhe 5 根纵xiang受力钢筋能够整体受力 ,将钢筋du焊接在封板shang , 8号 钢筋与封板用bo璃胶封kou ,防止漏水 。b. fen别在 A 、B dian开挖一深坑 ,让泥jiang自由流到坑里 ,bing用泥jiang泵抽chu 。
对接rong化焊接头：对接rong化焊接头适用于直径大于 40 mm 的管zi ,是 PE 材料最通用的连接形式 ,甚至 PE 膜材和板材也使用rong化压力焊拼接 。在同样的密封和工zuo压力下 ,qi具有良好的经济性 。该接头由管材与同材质的管件ronghe组成 ,与母材同材质 、等强度 ,焊接形成的翻边具有良好的jia强zuo用 。Are you looking for more information about Blechnum spicant? The Blechnum spicant is also known as Hard Fern. This Blechnaceae has got a maximum height of approximatly 60 centimetres. The Blechnum spicant is evergreen. Do you want to have more information or tips about the Blechnum spicant? You're welcome to visit our garden centre but please remember: depending on the season we might not have this Hard Fern in stock right now!
- Common name: Hard Fern Scientific name: Blechnum spicant Plant type: Perennial
- Genus: Blechnum Family: Blechnaceae Leaf colour: Green
- Variegated leaf: No Moisture: Moisture retentive Sun / shade: Partial shade
- Evergreen: Yes Height in CM: 60 Hazardous: Noاوراق مشارکت شرکت نفت فلات قاره به میزان 500 میلیارد تومان در شهریور ماه منتشر خواهد شد و در مهر ماه نیز به همین میزان اوراق مشارکت شرکت نفت و گاز پارس منتشر میشود.
مدیرعامل شرکت ملی نفت ایران از انتشار یک هزار میلیارد تومان اوراق مشارکت نفتی در شهریور و مهر ماه امسال خبرداد.
به گزارش ایلنا به نقل از شانا احمد قلعهبانی در مورد انتشار اوراق مشارکت صنعت نفت گفت: اوراق مشارکت شرکت نفت فلات قاره به میزان 500 میلیارد تومان در شهریور ماه منتشر خواهد شد و در مهر ماه نیز به همین میزان اوراق مشارکت شرکت نفت و گاز پارس منتشر می شود.
مدیرعامل شرکت ملی نفت ایران همچنین از انتشار اوراق سلف نفتی ب
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其科学有效｡此外,还要提供培训和咨询服务,解答项目人员的疑问,对项目进行检查并形成各种工作报告等等｡
3.3软件企业实施CMM的范例
3.3.1软件企业实施CMM的过程:
软件开发组织中实施CMM评估应该按照以下两个阶段进行:
第一阶段:申请评估的软件开发组织首先应该自己组织CMM培训,强化组织成员的CMM理念,在整个组织中树立起过程管理和质量管理意识,并着重培养一批具有初步经验的CMM实施管理人员｡在此基础上,选取一些合适规模的中小型项目进行试点,初步积累一些实施CMM的经验,为进行正式的CMM评估打下基础｡
第二阶段:在第一阶段取得收获的基础上,聘请有实施CMM成功经验的单位作为咨询顾问,在组织内全面实施CMM｡并且在咨询专家的指导下提出评估申请,并着手准备组织预评估和正式评估｡
3.3.2某软件企业实际实施CMM的范例:
在正式决定实施CMM2级的初期,企业上下都非常乐观,认为在自己的企业实施CMM是一件轻而易举的事｡
实施CMM首先从培训和过程文档的编写开始｡经过培训,大家都认为基本掌握了CMM的知识要点,领会了基于过程改进企业软件能力的思想｡
SEPG组开始定义企业的软件过程规范和文档模板的时候,就开始暴露出一些问题｡因为SEPG组成员基本上都有本职工作,过程文档的编写时间得不到保证,导致过程规范文档的编写不能保证进度｡而且在文档编写中,缺乏整体控制｡SEPG组在制订过程文档的同时,软件部门也在酝酿进行组织结构调整,这两件事同时在进行,分别由不同的人员在运作,相互间的沟通渠道也不顺畅｡
在经过了几轮修正后,尽管过程文档还存在不少的问题,但是SEPG组认为即便再次修改也很难有较大改善｡由于进度已经明显的滞后,在企业高层领导的批准下,经过对项目组成 员的培训,开始了CMM的试运行工作｡
部门对于项目计划比较重视,但忽视了项目策划过程｡在试运行的项目中,SEPG组要求项目经理需要把项目策划过程逐一地留下证据,便于SQA人员的审核｡在实际的操作过程中,前期工作留下的隐患开始逐步暴露出来｡首先暴露出来的问题是项目估计规程存在一些不合理的地方｡其次,由于以前基本没有科学地进行估计,也没有适用的历史数据,项目组成员在进行估计时有一种无从下手的感觉｡再次,项目成员对于过程文档的理解不够深入,经常理解错误｡导致项目组在项目策划过程中消耗了很长的时间,也带来了一些争执和冲突｡
项目计划出来以后,和以前的项目计划比较,发现工作量增加了很多｡究其原因:1.新的计划是经过详细的估计过程逐步得到的,而以前的计划则属于是“拍脑瓜”的结果｡2.原计划中,管理活动考虑较少,而新的计划增加了一些可以预期的管理活动｡3.由于是初次使用科学的方法进行估计,但是估计过程中的参数选择可能与企业现状不符｡
高级经理在看到这个计划后,虽然也觉得新的项目策划过程更加科学,但是,迫于绩效考核的压力,不大情愿批准这样的计划,甚至不愿意把这些项目投入到CMM的试运行中｡
在实施的过程中,也存在一些问题困扰着SEPG组｡
例如:企业实施CMM时都想尽快地见到实效,可是在实施初期,过程规范很难一步到位,过程规范的探索和改进会增加软件项目的工作量｡实施CMM可能会在相当长的时间内,企业需要付出很多学费,而效果却需要很长的时间才能显露出来｡
值得庆幸的是,上述的一些问题已经开始被SEPG组所识别,并且得到了公司各方的重视｡同时,咨询公司也在积极地指导我们解决试运行过程中碰到的问题｡希望在不久的将来,CMM能够得到大家的认可,主动地按照相应的过程规范来运作软件项目,并且可以顺利地通过评估｡Mrs. Ham and Mr.
In this course, we will examine criminal justice theories and explore
criminal investigation through forensic science. This course will cover
the various biological, psychological and social aspects of crime in the
U.S. while applying science to the enforcement of laws. Students will
become skilled at such analytical methods as securing crime scenes,
collecting and preserving evidence, fingerprinting and DNA analysis.
Students will be provided with an opportunity to perform basic forensic
techniques and use appropriate scientific procedures that follow
established guidelines for admissible evidence. Utilizing statistics,
characteristics of criminal behavior and scientific methods, the students
will apply the core knowledge of the course to actual criminal cases.
Students will be engaged in class discussions,
research, readings, and various laboratory analyses as we explore the
development of forensic science as a tool in the criminal justice system.
We will evaluate the impact of forensic science on the development of
policing, law enforcement and the administration of justice.
This course is designed for students to use real-life applications of
scientific processes to actual case studies while integrating math,
science, writing and an understanding of social justice. For
example, how can the scientific method be used to establish reasonable facts about
evidence in a criminal proceeding?
are the units for our course:
Crime Scene Investigation
Search and Seizure
Miranda Rights, and the Fifth Amendment
||DNA Analysis, Terrorism,
and Capital Punishment
||Ballistics, the Sixth
Amendment, and Expert Witnesses
and Drug Enforcement
||Arson and Fire
Your final grade for this course will be determined based on the following
1 = 40%
Semester 2 = 40%
Final Assessment = 20%
Coursework = 85%
Class Contribution =15%
Assignments and overall grades will be based on a points system.
Prior to each assignment, you will know the total available
points. The grade will be based on the following calculation:
Total Points Earned ÷ Total Possible Points
100, or as
1For other assignments, such as in-class work, research in the
library, or special projects, you will be made aware of the possible
points when the assignment begins.
Homework is an important part of this course.
The homework is meant to enhance our work in the classroom.
Completing the homework will help you understand the subject
matter and, hopefully, make it more interesting.
You will be better prepared for class discussions, other
assignments, and tests or quizzes.
We hope the homework will be engaging and enable you to
demonstrate your expertise in the fields of Criminology and Forensic
Science. Successfully completing and handing-in all of the homework will
improve your grade for the course.
1. Homework is due at the beginning of class.
is due to Mr. Krieger or Mrs. Ham on the due date. For example:
Mrs. Ham assigns homework on Tuesday that is due on Wednesday
-- You are in Mr. Krieger's classroom on Wednesday
-- You will submit your homework to Mr. Krieger at the
beginning of class on Wednesday
Late homework will not be accepted unless you have an excused
are responsible for obtaining homework/assignments if you are absent.
are responsible for submitting your homework/assignments if you are absent.
Homework will be
evaluated using the following sliding-scale rubric:
Homework shows excellent effort
and the work is fully completed
Homework shows acceptable effort
and the work is mostly completed
Homework shows minimal
effort or is not submitted when due
Classroom Contribution -- Sliding Scale
Classroom contribution will be included as part of your quarterly grade.
Classroom contribution represents 15% of your quarterly grade.
See below about the effect of absences on your classroom contribution
rubric below outlines the grading criteria:
Truly exceptional leadership and participation in the classroom by
demonstrating an outstanding work ethic, complete focus when working
independently, adds significantly to the culture of the class, and
willingly goes beyond to bring material from outside the classroom
into discussions and the learning environment.
Excellent participation in class
discussions, often asks thought
provoking questions, willingly works
with other students during classroom activities,
excellent attitude, and/or shows
extensive effort towards creating a
positive atmosphere in the classroom.
Substantial participation in class
works well with other students during classroom activities,
excellent attitude, and/or shows
effort towards creating a positive classroom atmosphere.
Acceptable participation in class
discussions, sometimes works well with
other students during classroom activities, and/or meets some
expectations with attitude and contribution to the classroom
Rarely or never
participates in class discussions,
negative attitude, and/or is
disruptive in class.
Rarely or never
participates in class discussions, is
disruptive in class, does not engage in
group projects, and/or is not part of the "class environment."
and classroom contribution are important aspects of the course.
Participating in class advances your knowledge of the material and
enables other students to learn from you. Class sessions are also meant
to supplement homework and individual research rather than replace or
repeat your readings.
Please note page 9 of the Ipswich High School 2019-2020 Student-Parent Handbook:
It is the
student's responsibility to provide documentation for any absences.
College visits must receive prior administrative approval to be
considered for a waiver. Please note that voluntary student absences
(vacations, family trips, etc.) will not be considered for appeal and
will count towards a student's total absences for the year. Students are
allowed to make up work missed during their absence; however, it should
be noted that only individually completed work assignments, quizzes, or
tests can be made up. Class participation, collaboration with one’s
peers, and interaction with the teacher, from which much knowledge and
growth occurs, are all important learning activities that are impossible
to make up.
important note about field trips
trips are valuable components of a course curriculum. Throughout the
semester, it may be necessary for you to miss our class session(s) to
attend a field trip for another course. Please note that you are responsible for notifying
us AT LEAST TWO DAYS IN ADVANCE OF A FIELD TRIP if you are going to
be absent. Also, if you are working on a group project, you are responsible
for notifying your team members that you will be absent.
you fail to provide prior notification (AT LEAST TWO SCHOOL DAYS) for
an absence due to a field trip, you will not be able to make-up any
of the missed work done in class.
important note about family vacations
vacations must be approved by the Main Office PRIOR to your absence. While
we will provide assistance, advanced assignments are
not guaranteed. If you are eligible to submit make-up work, the
work must be submitted in accordance with
the guidelines included in family vacation policy.
Students may take Criminology Forensic Science for honors
credit by signing an Honors Contract.
Students who participate in an honors contract should:
participate regularly in class discussions,
display a high level of critical thinking during class discussions,
complete all assignments with an excellent level of quality written and
demonstrate the ability to work independently and as a member of team,
collaborate with other students to produce work that exceeds
you are interested in taking the course for honors credit, please note the
Signed Honors Contract due -- Tuesday, September 10
Once you sign and submit the Honors Contract, you may not drop the Honors
Students who do not submit an honors contract by the due date will not be
eligible to take the course for honors credit. The due date is
posted on the Assignments/Topic page.به گزارش بازار نفت و گاز، Equinor مجوز توسعه 742 میلیون دلاری فاز 1 پروژه کریستین ساوت را دریافت کرد. فاز 1 پروژه فراساحلی نروژی شاهد پیشرفت اکتشافات لاورانس و کریستین کیو از طریق اتصال زیر دریا به سکوی کریستین خواهد بود که اولین تولید آن در سال 2024 انجام خواهد شد.
Equinor مجوز توسعه فاز 1 پروژه کریستین جنوبی در د
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can be up to 60cm in diameter[
This was the main species used in 'wattle and daub' huts by the early European settlers in Australia[
].. It is grown as an ornamental in gardens, where it can be used as a hedge.
Australia - Queensland and New South Wales.
Lighter types of rainforest, or moister Eucalyptus forests[
]. Damp places along the sides of streams[
]. Found mainly in rainforest and on its margins, often in regrowth, common along creeks and rocky gullies[
|Other Uses Rating||
|Cultivation Status||Ornamental, Wild
Callicoma serratifolia grows in the warm temperate to subtropical regions of eastern Australia, where it can experience frost and snow. Mature plants can tolerate occasional, short-lived temperatures falling as low as about -7°c, though young plants are more frost-sensitive[
Succeeds in a range of soils[
].Plants are tolerant of wet soils[
]. In Australian gardens this species prefers a shady position and a humus-rich soil[
A very ornamental plant[
The plant can be used for hedging[
The reddish wood is fine-grained. It is used for turnery and making tool handles[
]. The wood is used in making wattle and daub housing[
Seed - best sown as soon as ripe in containers in a semi-shaded position. The seed germinates well without pre-treatment[
Cuttings of firm, current season's growth[Trump'tan Kuzey Kore için U dönüşü
Dün Kuzey Kore lideri Kim Jong-un'a mektup yazarak 12 Haziran'da Singapur'da yapılması planlanan zirveye katılamayacağını ifade eden Trump, bugün de görüşmenin aynı gün, aynı yerde gerçekleştirilebileceğini belirtti:
"Ne olacağını göreceğiz. Şu an onlarla konuşuyoruz. 12'sinde bile olabilir... Bunu yapmak istiyoruz."
Trump'ın Kuzey Kore liderine yazdığı ve dün Beyaz Saray'ın yayımladığı mektupta; Trump, Kim Jong-un’un son dönemde yaptığı düşmanca ve öfkeli açıklamalar yüzünden iptal kararı aldığını belirtmişti.Adventures in Archaeology: Summer 2019 Camp at the Forest Meeker Homestead
This is a poster submission presented at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology.
In the summer of 2019, Ohio Valley Archaeology, Inc. and the Delaware County Historical Society hosted an Adventures in Archaeology summer camp. The camp engaged children and the community in the basic methods of archaeology, with learning objectives that included excavation techniques, screening, field identification of artifacts, field drawing, and team collaboration. The students (ages 8-14) and the crew spent a week excavating small test units and shovel tests at the Forest Meeker Homestead in Stratford, Ohio. Meeker came to the area in 1811 and established the first mill in what would become a large complex—at one point a significant amount of the country’s paper was made in Stratford. Test units targeted anomalies detected in previous geophysical surveys and shovel tests aimed to locate a Meeker-era midden. In addition to engaging the community, the camp also furthered on-going research being conducted by OVAI and the Delaware County Historical Society.
Cite this Record
Adventures in Archaeology: Summer 2019 Camp at the Forest Meeker Homestead. Jarrod Burks, Jessica Clark. 2020 ( tDAR id: 457440)
This Resource is Part of the Following Collections
min long: -129.199; min lat: 24.495 ; max long: -66.973; max lat: 49.359 ;The two objectives of a book review are to describe the work and to provide a critical evaluation of the work within its literary genre or academic discipline.
As you read the book you should consider the following critical questions:
You may wish to make notes and select quotations from the text that will support your point of view. Also, you may want to consult other reviews or texts on the same subject or by the same author.
Preliminary Information should include:
Introduction should describe the thesis of your review. You want to catch the reader's attention with your opening paragraph.
Description and analysis includes several paragraphs to develop your thesis, such as background information about author, purpose of book, and significance of work.
Conclusion should summarize your thesis and discussion.
Here are a few books, found in our LIbrary, that may help you in the writing process::
You could also look at the following sources for examples of written book reviews: the New York Times Book Review, the New York Review of Books and the Times Literary Supplement.
As well the following universities offer helpful advice on how to wrtie a book review:What is it about commas?
Periods are seldom ignored, so why is such a useful punctuation tool as the comma the object of such disdain? Not only editors, but writers, too, argue the worth of commas--sometimes writers even argue with their editors…Imagine.
Articles are written and re-written, debating the necessity of commas, especially the pros and cons of the "Oxford" (serial) comma (wikipedia); a wittier take on it is here.
Most writing programs ignore punctuation altogether, which makes sense--after all, you're supposed to have taken at least English 101 before becoming an author, right?
An editor friend recently emailed me about a manuscript he's currently working on, writing that it was "well written, thank God, but like a lot of folks, the author doesn't really have a handle on commas. I am well aware of the 'open' style, which usually means 'no commas,' but sometimes they are necessary."
I agree wholeheartedly. The error I mark the most on manuscripts is the necessary addition of a comma. If I have to stop and re-read a sentence in order to figure out what you were trying to say, that usually means it needs a comma. Or even two. You don't want your readers to be slowed down by having to decipher confusing sentences.
The good news is that there's an easy way to find 90% of the "missing" commas in your writing. Read it aloud. Better yet, talk into a recorder, then play it back and look at the manuscript as you listen. You'll hear when there's a very brief "stop" or teensy pause, or, sometimes, just a slight change in tone--those audible hints mean that you might need a comma.
(Don't be afraid--if you insert too many, your diligent editor will happily take them out!)
Okay, enough about that--I'll get down off my soapbox.
By the way, an author I recently worked with, Gayle Carline, has a new title out, "From the Horse's Mouth: One Lucky Memoir." If you like horses, you'll enjoy getting to know Snoopy. His story is "Black Beauty" for the 21st century--but with a lot more laughs!
Ask for it at your bookstore, or find it here on Amazon (available for Kindle too).This piece originally appeared at The Huffington Post.
The electors of the Electoral College met this afternoon in their respective states and anointed as president the candidate who won the popular vote in a larger number of states — Donald Trump — regardless of the fact that another candidate — Hillary Clinton — won the larger number of votes by several million.
The ACLU has opposed the Electoral College since 1969 for non-partisan reasons. By now — everyone, Republicans, Democrats, and none-of-the-aboves — should be fed up with its undemocratic and unpredictable nature.
Unfortunately, amending the Constitution to eliminate this atavistic system is a practical impossibility for the same reason the Electoral College is a problem: The less populous states have a disproportionate share of voting power. Constitutional amendments require approval by three-quarters of the states, not a national majority or even super-majority of voters. Most states are currently Republican-dominated, and Republicans may believe at the moment that the peculiarities of the Electoral College will help to serve their partisan goals in future elections.
That may not be true. The Democratic candidate did win the popular vote in this election. But in 2004, if John Kerry had won Florida or Ohio he would have passed the winning threshold of 270 Electoral College votes even though George W. Bush won the popular vote by several million votes.
More importantly, after an uncommonly brutal election season, we need to start rising above result-oriented partisanship and focus on whether our system for selecting a president is consistent with our fundamental principles.
The Electoral College Has a Sorry History
Alexander Hamilton, the current darling of Broadway, promoted the Electoral College in
“Federalist 68” for deeply elitist reasons — he did not trust the common people to select the president. Notes of the Constitutional Convention show that the Electoral College’s unequal distribution of voting power was chosen as part of a sordid bargain: Along with the 3/5 Clause, the Electoral College was part of a compromise over slavery. States like Virginia wanted political influence commensurate with their total population even though they did not allow a large percentage of their population — slaves — to vote.
This historical artifact should have gone the way of the 3/5 Clause. Even if, like Hamilton, we wanted an oligarchy to choose our president, today’s Electoral College is not a deliberative body. Although the Constitution does not require either of these approaches, most states have chosen to adopt laws requiring electors to cast their votes for whoever wins the state’s popular vote; 48 states decided on a winner take all system. Whether an elector is permitted to exercise any independent judgment at all is hotly debated.
The Electoral College thwarts the fundamental principle of one person, one vote by awarding each state a number of electoral votes equal to its allocation of representatives plus its two senators. A voter in Wyoming thus has over three times as much influence on the presidential election as a voter in more densely populated California. And there are still racial and ethnic disparities in voting power. One recent study calculated that Asian-Americans have barely more than half the voting power of white Americans because they tend to live in “safe” states — like Democratic-leaning New York and California and Republican-leaning Texas.
Furthermore, the number of representatives each state receives, the baseline for Electoral College representation, is determined by the census. But the census consistently undercounts minorities. The Census Bureau itself calculated that the 2010 census missed 1.5 million minorities, including 2.1 percent of African-Americans and 1.5 percent of Hispanics. The marginalization of minority voters in many states is compounded by state voter suppression laws.
The smaller states argue that they will be ignored if they do not have more than their proportionate share of voting power. But the Electoral College system makes wallflowers of most states, including the most populous, and therefore of most of the American people. Two-thirds of 2016 presidential election events took place in half a dozen swing states. Less populous states already get to put several fingers on the scales in the Senate and in the constitutional amendments process. Why give them another undue advantage when our government is supposed to be run by “we, the people,” not “we, the states”?
The National Popular Vote Act Solution
Even without a constitutional amendment, the states have the power to fix the main problem of the Electoral College. If enough states enact the National Popular Vote Act (NPVA), the winner of the national popular vote would become the winner of the presidential election.
Under the NPVA plan, states enact a law requiring their electors to vote for the winner of the national popular vote (rather than the state’s own popular vote). The act becomes effective only after states with electoral votes totaling at least 270 have passed the legislation. Eleven states (CA, D.C., HI, IL, MA, MD, NJ, NY, RI, VT, WA) with a total of 165 electoral votes have already passed the NPVA. If states with electoral votes totaling 105 more votes pass the act, the winner of the next presidential election will be selected by popular choice.
This state-based approach is consistent with the framers’ decision in Article II to authorize the states to control the appointment of electors. If it is constitutionally permissible for states to instruct their electors to vote for the winner of the state’s popular vote (the prevailing practice today), the states must also have the power to choose a different benchmark.
Dozens of pro and con arguments — more than can be explored here — have been made about the constitutionality of the NPVA approach. It is probably true that the Electoral College cannot be wholly eliminated without a constitutional amendment. The NPVA would not eliminate the Electoral College but simply place it under new management — the American people’s. The ACLU supports the NPVA because we believe that the responses to the range of opposing arguments are more persuasive.
Although the states adopting the NPVA so far tend to be blue states, the movement has been bipartisan — as it should be. In February, the Arizona House became the third majority-Republican state legislative chamber to approve the act (following the New York and Oklahoma Senates) in a bipartisan 40-16 vote. If state legislatures refuse to go along, voters should take matters into their own hands with ballot initiatives to require that their states adopt the NPVA.
The Electoral College has been a predictable rubber stamp so far, but there is always the chance of a December surprise from so-called “faithless electors” who don’t vote as expected. Why should we tolerate this degree of unpredictability from a group we don’t actually want or expect to be exercising their own judgment? Even if we can’t agree on results, we should all be ready to agree on principle that our president should be chosen, like all of our other elected officials, by the straightforward popular vote.If an image has certain meaning we must explore its meaning and why it exists. Why is meaning significant? Where does meaning originate and is it finite or infinite? If it’s the former, then what lies beyond it?
This summary looks at Roland Barthes theories on the messages in images and is based on an essay in his book Images Music Text. Images are constructed intentionally utilizing particular attributes and presented as clearly as possible to an audience. Images in advertising are direct and emphatic.
Barthes states there are three messages, which he attempts to explore in a Panzani advertisement, analyzing colour, composition, cultural baggage and text etc.
The first message is linguistic. The text is written in French and the name Panzani not only gives us the name of the company, it is Italianised. The linguistic message contains two meanings, which Barthes describes as denotational and connotational. Denotation refers to what it indicates; connotational refers to how we interpret the elements. These two messages are lumped together and created as one message. We are left with the pure image. This image has a series of irregular/nonlinear signs that Barthes calls ‘discontinuous’. Barthes makes it clear that the order in which we see the signs is not of importance. The scene represents a return from the market. The concept (termed by Barthes as ‘signified’) contains two values.
- The freshness of the products and the idea of them being prepared for consumption in a domestic setting.
- The form (termed by Barthes as ‘signifier’) is the half opened bag with provisions spilling out over the table “unpacked”. Barthes argues we are able to identify with this image because of our knowledge of widespread where shopping around for oneself is opposed to the more mechanical approach of shopping with prepackaged foods.
The message sign is found in the gathering of the vegetables with their tri-coloured hues of red, green and yellow in the poster. These colours suggest Italy or as Barthes calls it ‘Italianicity’. This sign appears redundant with the connoted Panzani name. Barthes continues to explore the image stating there are two other signs.
a) The collection of objects conveys the idea of a total culinary experience – Panzani provides all that is proper and necessary for an authentic dish. The sauce in the tin contains the same freshness as the produce around it.
b) The composition harks to a ‘still life’ painting (p.271) In order to for the viewer to discover this, it require that they are culturally aware of the setting.
Other clues include the image may be an advertisement based on where it is located and from the emphasis of the labels. This detail is part of the scene and we know that the advertising nature of the image is primarily functional. Essentially the four images form a whole though irregular and require some general cultural knowledge. Barthes asserts that if these signs were
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ن مشخص است” – ساده است. اول، او خاطرنشان می کند که دادگاه به طور معمول این قانون را در مواردی که “نام ،ت فدرال، ایالت ها و قبایل هندی را متهم می کند” اعمال می کند. در پاسخ به ادعای CPI مبنی بر اینکه «قدرت کامل کنگره بر سرزمینها» نشان میدهد که این قانون نباید به سرزمینها (مانند پورتوریکو) گسترش یابد، کاگان پاسخ میدهد که «ما به طور مشابه قدرت کنگره بر قبایل را توصیف کردهایم. [as plenary]و همچنان از کنگره میخواهند که «بیتردید» قصد لغو مصونیت خود را ابراز کند.»
با اعمال این استاندارد، کاگان توضیح می دهد که دادگاه “فقط در دو موقعیت” نسخ را یافته است، که هیچ یک از آنها در PROMESA ظاهر نمی شود. یکی شامل «یک اساسنامه است [that] با کلمات زیادی می گوید که مصونیت را از یک نهاد مستقل سلب می کند. دیگری شامل «یک اساسنامه است [that] دلیل اقدام را ایجاد می کند و اجازه شکایت علیه یک ،ت در مورد آن ادعا را صادر می کند. در مورد اول، یکی از مقررات PROMESA (شامل رسیدگیهایی که ساختار مالی پورتوریکو را بازسازی کرد) به صراحت مفاد قانون ورش،تگی را در بر میگیرد که میگوید «مصونیت حاکمیتی به ،وان یک واحد ،تی لغو میشود، از جمله یک منطقه». از آنجا که “کنگره تصمیم گرفت از زبان مشابهی برای اداره انواع دیگر دعواهای مربوط به هیئت مدیره استفاده نکند” – مواردی مانند این – “نتیجه واضح است: کنگره از طریق ابزاری که ما به رسمیت شناخته ایم، قصد خود را برای لغو مصونیت به طور واضح روشن نکرده است. “
CPI به وضعیت دوم نگاه میکند و مدعی است که دادگاه باید در مفاد PROMESA برای بازنگری قضایی نسخ شود، که به وضوح هیئت را به صلاحیت قضایی در دادگاه ناحیه ایالات متحده برای ناحیه پورتوریکو (جایی که این پرونده مطرح شد) میکشد. به طور خاص، CPI استدلال میکند که عدم شناسایی صلاحیت، مفاد PROMESA را که صلاحیت قضایی در آن دادگاه را ارائه میکند و اعطای قدرت صدور «تکفیف اعلامی یا دستوری علیه هیئت نظارت» را تشدید میکند.
با این حال، کاگان خاطرنشان می کند که این مقررات قو،ن مختلف غیر از PROMESA را اجرا می کند [that] مصونیت هیئت را از دعاوی خاص لغو کنید.» او با انتخاب یک مثال ساده، «کارمند هیئت مدیره… ا،اج شده به دلیل نژاد»، خاطرنشان میکند که ا،اج ،وان هفتم قانون حقوق مدنی را که کاملاً صریحاً مصونیت حاکمیتی همه ،تها و سازمانهای ،تی را لغو میکند، نقض میکند. تحت PROMESA، دادگاه پورتوریکو محلی است که کارمند آن ادعا را مطرح می کند، و دادگاه آنجا قدرت صریح برای اعطای تخفیف من، را دارد. از آنجایی که همه مفاد PROMESA حتی اگر PROMESA مصونیت هیئت مدیره را لغو نکند، قابل استفاده خواهند بود، این مفاد هیچ دلیلی ارائه نمی دهد که فکر کنیم کنگره قصد دارد مصونیت هیئت مدیره را لغو کند.
تصمیم پنجشنبه انتظارات هیچ، را از بین نمیبرد، اما چند نکته جدید از دکترین درباره مصونیت حاکمیتی را ارائه میدهد. برای یک چیز، این عقیده مستقیم ترین عقیده را ارائه می دهد که قاعده «بی،ه واضح» برای لغو مصونیت حاکمیتی در مورد سرزمین ها اعمال می شود. از سوی دیگر، توضیح موارد نسخ به دو دسته خاص، بسیار بیشتر از موارد قبلی است. این چارچوب احتمالاً طرح کلی بسیار مورد استقبال دادگاه های بدوی را ارائه می دهد که در تلاش برای اعمال این دکترین در پرونده های آینده هستند. در نهایت، این پرونده احتمالاً برای چیزی که به آن پرداخته نشده است، بسیار مهم خواهد بود: مصونیت حاکمیتی پورتوریکو. در این مورد، نظر مخالف قاضی کلارنس توماس (تنها قاضی که به نظر کاگان نپیوست) آشکارا زمینه را برای چالشهای آینده برای مصونیت حاکمیتی پورتوریکو فراهم میکند، زیرا او به دلیل مخالفت با هیئت مدیره به دلیلی که حتی پورتوریکو باید داشته باشد، رای میدهد. عدم مصونیت از شکایت در دادگاه فدرال
منبع: https://www.scotusblog.com/2023/05/justices-reject-claim-of-immunity-in-puerto-rico-public-records-dispute/Economists are now concerned that the global economy looks strikingly similar to Japan during its heyday as the leading growth economy.
For most of the 1980’s Japan was seen as the benchmark for growth and business leadership as other countries were intrigued by its rise to prominence since World War II. However, stimulus began to fail to provide a continued economic expansion and the economy started to stagnate for more than a decade.
While the United States’ economy is more diversified now than Japan was and certainly has more international influence, the questions raised are focused on the ability to sustain growth with limited tools.
America is not the only country set to lower interest rates as central bankers are looking to help sustain the global economy. Europe and several Asian countries are following suit. But economists worry that governments are running out of tools to continue growth.
Rising debt and aging populations may make soft money policies unsustainable. Bloomberg reported this week that $13 trillion of bonds worldwide yield below zero returns, and trade tensions between China and the United States continue to be a concern.
Bank of America’s head of global economics claims that easing will help avoid a market downturn, which is a key element in helping to sustain growth and consumer optimism. But do central banks have anything left if needed?
Ten years and several hundred rate cuts in, economists are questioning what effective tools will be available if the global economy needs more stimulus. The central banks may be left with bullets to fire when they need machine guns.
Lastly, another big question comes down to how willing will banks be to lend money when there is so much debt out in the marketplace? Banks could decide not to lend due to regulations in capital and liability risk, as well as equity positions.
If the interest rates are lower, but lending does not follow, the stimulation is limited. With an aging population likely increasing savings instead of spending, 2020 could be an interesting year for growth.Error-prone DNA replication and repair may lead to mutations and cancer in individuals who inherit a mutant copy of the BRCA1 gene, according to a new study by Weill Cornell Medicine investigators. The discovery has potential implications for preventing the development of cancer in patients with these mutations.
The study, published Sept. 12 in Molecular Cell, provides new insights into why individuals who inherit a mutation in one copy of the BRCA1 gene often develop mutations in their remaining normal copy of the BRCA1 gene, setting the stage for tumors to develop. When these individuals' cells are under stress, replication of the normal BRCA1 gene stalls because of the highly repetitive DNA sequences in the gene that create physical barriers to machinery that copies DNA. To fix the stall, an error-prone DNA repair mechanism kicks in.
We have identified some of the first steps in cancer development in people carrying inherited BRCA1 mutations."
Dr. Jeannine Gerhardt, study's senior author, assistant professor of stem cell biology in obstetrics and gynecology and the Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine
The BRCA1 gene encodes an important DNA-repair protein, explained the study's lead author Dr. Mad
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o music education is straightforward, because such training invariably involves improvement in pitch discrimination. Therefore, the findings of Hurwitz et al that music training facilitates learning to read can be understood as being mediated by enhanced pitch discrimination. That timbre awareness is unrelated to reading suggests that the benefits to reading are not due to the increased richness of the educational experience but rather to some highly specific aspect of music education, i.e., pitch training. One might point out that the Lamb and Gregory study is correlational not causal because no music training was involved, only measures of various abilities. That is quite true. Any causal conclusions have to be based on other previous causal findings, such as the fact that learning to read requires the second phonemic stage. It seems unlikely that high scores on pitch discrimination were caused by good reading abilities, since the latter depend upon more basic processes such as the former. No doubt, further studies are needed. But the findings of both studies dovetail nicely and together provide evidence that music education facilitates reading and a mechanism by which music exerts its beneficial effect.
We next consider the effects of training with music on learning and creativity. Mohanty and Hejmadi (5) investigated the effects of various types of training of four and five year olds on learning the names of their body parts and on creativity as assessed by the Torrence Test of Creative Thinking, involving picture construction and picture completion. There were four matched groups: non-training control, verbal instruction in the names and uses of body parts, verbal instructions plus acting out movements, and the music/dance group in which instructions were given by song and acting out movements was done in the form of a dance. After twenty days of training, all experimental groups exhibited higher test scores than the control group. The music/dance group showed the greatest improvement in both learning about body parts and tests of creativity. Thus, improvement in cognitive abilities can result from a variety of training experiences but music is the most effective of these treatments. The means by which music, and the other training, produces improvement in the cognitive abilities studied remains to be determined.
Lastly, we turn to recent research on musical training and the abstract cognitive ability to mentally rotate objects, a means of assessing spatial abilities. Rauscher, Shaw, Levine, Ky and Wright (6) studied preschool children who received daily group singing lessons and weekly keyboard instruction. A matched control group received no special experiences. All children were tested using subtests of a standard intelligence test, one of which was a spatial task. After four months, the music group was superior to the control group on the test of spatial abilities but not on other tests of intelligence. Improvement was even greater eight months after the start of music training. The authors believe that this high degree of specificity in the improvement only of spatial abilities indicates that improvement was not due simply to the extra attention and enriched experiences of the experimental group, but rather specifically due to the fact that the experiences were musical in nature.
In summary, we have reviewed several studies that support the
conclusion that musical training facilitates cognitive skills,
including reading, abstract spatial abilities and creativity.
In each case, there is an extramusical positive effect.
Thus, it appears that music studied for good and sufficient reasons
for its own sake (see the first two items in the list at the beginning
of this article) has beneficial "side effects" on cognition.
An examination of the extent to which music may or may not have
such side effects on the other extramusical aspects of
child development and behavior is a topic that will have to be
left for succeeding issues.
(1) Hurwitz, I., Wolff, P.H., Bortnick, B.D., & Kokas, K.
(1975). Nonmusical effects of the Kodaly music curriculum in primary
grade children. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 8, 45-51.
(2) Frith, U. (1985) Beneath the surface of developmental dyslexia,
In: K.E. Patterson, J.C. Marshall & M. Coltheart (Eds) Surface
Dyslexia Hove, Lawrence Erlbaum Associate Ltd, pp. 301-330.
(3) Lamb, S.J., & Gregory, A.H. (1993). The relationship between
music and reading in beginning readers. Educational Psychology,
(4) Lieberman, A.M., Cooper, F.S., Shankweiler, D.P., & Studdert-Kennedy,
M. (1967). Perception of the speech code. Psychological Review,
(5) Mohanty, B. & Hejmadi, A. (1992.). Effects of intervention
training on some cognitive abilities of preschool children. Psychological
Studies, 37, 31-37.
(6) Rauscher, F.H., Shaw,G.L. Levine,L.J., Ky, K.N & Wright,
E.L. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American
Psychological Society, Los Angeles, CA., August 13, 1994.
Our own private experience of the world is seamless, a smooth and continous flow of sensory impressions and perceptions of objects and events, sights and sounds. When we see an object, such as a red ball, we do not experience the shape of the ball separately from its color. And when we hear a violin, we do not perceive its pitch separately from its timbre. The notes in a chord are not heard as several individuals but rather in a more wholistic fashion. Yes, it is possible to learn to pay more attention to one feature of a composition at the expense of attention to other features. But this process does not fractionate the sound into its all of its separate constituents, the building blocks of music such as pitch, contour, interval, harmony, melody, timbre (tone color) , and rhythm.
Because our experience is so immediate, clear and effortless, we tend to take it for granted. However, the integrated nature of our musical and other experiences constitutes a major puzzle for brain scientists who search for the answer to how our brains apparently effortlessly meld all of these aspects of sound into a meaningful whole, that presents to us personally ... music. An unlikely answer is that our brains are specialized for music so that each of music's building blocks is processed by a different part of the brain. The simultaneous activation of these many special purpose processors would constitute the wholistic experience. In other words, there is no little neural person in our brains who is listening to the music and then telling us what it is. Although this type of idea has often been popular, it leaves us with having to explain how the little brain genie achieves wholistic perception of music, and so explains nothing.
An increasing amount of research findings support the first theory, that the brain is specialized for the building blocks of music. In the first issue of Musica Research Notes, we reviewed the evidence that the highest level of the auditory system, the auditory cortex, processes pitch rather than raw sound frequencies (see "A Note on Pitch", volume 1, number 1, Spring, 1994). Additionally, there are individual brain cells that process melodic contour, the pattern of increasing and decreasing notes in music (1). Cells have been found in the auditory cortex that seem likely to process specific harmonic relationships, such as the simultaneous presentation of the second and third harmonics of a note (2). Temporal, including rhythmic, aspects of sound streams also seem to be handled by certain cells in particular parts of the auditory cortex (3).
Findings from humans who have suffered damage to the auditory cortex by stroke or by surgery to correct intractible epilepsy are particularly fascinating. For example, damage to the right hemisphere selectively impairs the ability to process timbre (4). Also, the processing of melody and rhythm can be separated by specific brain lesions. Some patients show impaired discrimination of melodies while they have normal discrimination of rhythms, and vice versa for lesions in different regions (5). And even different aspects of the processing of temporal information seem to be handled by different parts of the auditory cortex, rhythm by the left hemisphere and beat (meter) by the right hemispheres (6).
These dissociations of the elements of music in neurologically impaired persons provide strong support for "building block" theory but might be questioned by some on the grounds that the findings do not come from normal people. This is not a very strong criticism because such patients can show completely normal levels of performance on the capabilities that remain. In any event, there are findings from intact people that support and complement these neuropsychological findings. It is possible to determine which areas of the brain are active during various tasks, including listening to music. One powerful method is to measure increases in the regional distribution of blood flow to parts of the cerebral cortex because these reflect the increased metabolic needs of brain cells that are active. In a recent study, normal subjects were tested in two passive listening conditions, noise bursts or music matched for sound frequencies, and two active judgement conditions, comparing the pitch of the first two notes of melodies or the first and last notes of melodies (7). Listening to melodies produced an activation of the right temporal (auditory) hemisphere relative to the left ("language") hemisphere. Comparing notes, which also involved short term memory, also showed a preferential activation of the right auditory cortical system, plus some other areas of the right hemisphere. These findings indicate that there are specialized neural substrates in the auditory cortex of the right hemisphere that process melodies vs. other non-melodic sounds.
Space limitations preclude a more comprehensive review. However,
these examples should suffice to highlight the many types of evidence,
from animals, the neurologically impaired and the normal human,
that the brain contains an organization that is specialized to
process the individual elements of music, the building blocks
of music. These findings have relevance to basic neurobiological
problems, to clinical and therapeutic approaches to treatment
and last, but not at all least, to the realization that music
has a deep biological basis.
(1)Weinberger N.M. & McKenna, T.M. (1988).Sensitivity of
single neurons in auditory cortex to contour: toward a neurophysiology
of music perception. Music Perception, 5:355-390.
Espinoza,I.E. & Gerstein, G.L. (1988). Cortical auditory neuron
interactions during presentation of 3-tone sequences: effective
connectivity. Brain Research, 450: 39-50.
(2) Sutter, M.L., & Schreiner, C.E. (1991). Physiology and
topography of neurons with multipeaked tuning curves in cat primary
auditory cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology, 65: 1207-1226.
(3) Hose, B., Langner, G., & Scheich, H. (1987). Topographic
representation of periodicities in the forebrain of the mynah
bird: one map for pitch and rhythm? Brain Research, 422:
Buchfellner, E., Lepplesack, H-J., Klump, G.M., & Hausler,
U. (1989). Gap detection in the starling (Sternus vulgaris): II.
Coding of gaps by forebrain neurons. Journal of Comparative
Physiology, 164: 539-549.
Ison, J.R., O'Connon, K., Bowen, G.P., & Bocirnea, A. (1991).
Temporal resolution of gaps in noise by the rat is lost with functional
decorticaiton. Behavioral Neuroscience, 105: 33-40.
(4) Samson, S. & Zatorre, R.J. (1994). Contribution of the
right temporal lobe to musical timbre discrimination. Neuropsychologia,
(5) Peretz, I., (1990). Processing of local and global musical
information in unilateral brain-damaged patients. Brain,
(6) For a general review of brain specializations for music see
Peretz, I., & Morais, J. (1993). Specificity for music. In:
F. Boller, & J. Grafman, (Eds.) Handbook of Neuropsychology,
8: Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publishers.
(7) Zatorre, R.J., Evans, A.C. & Meyer, E. (1994). Neural
mechanisms underlying melodic perception and memory for pitch.
The Journal of Neuroscience, 14: 1908-1919.
Does Music Have Cognitive "Spin-offs"?
In the previous issue of MuSICA Research Notes (Volume 1, Issue
1, Spring 1994), this column addressed the question of whether
music is a "cultural add-on" or a "biological imperative".
A review of research publications strongly supported a deep biological
basis for the universal presence of music. This was bolstered
by a more detailed analysis of the surprisingly high level of
musical capabilities in infants ("The Musical Infant").
In that issue, an exploration of this biological theme is extended
in an article on brain specializations for several of the building
blocks of music, such as melody ("Musical Building Blocks
in the Brain"). Additionally, we expand the scope of inquiry
to the question of the possible effects of music on intellectual
abilities in children (see "Music and Cognitive Achievement").
This column is intended to assist thinking about this question
by providing a broad historical context and pointing out the distinction
between the types of findings needed to distinguish between correlation
Many reasons have been advanced for providing music education to children. In a highly interesting survey of this topic, Draper and Gayle (1987) provided a list obtained from 108 textbooks of music education published between 1887 and 1982 (1). While it would be of interest to have an update from 1982 to the present, this is not critical to the major point, that music is thought to have substantial non-musical educational benefits. The reasons advanced for music education in children are:
Self-expression and creative pleasure
Develops an aesthetic sense
Motor and rhythmic development
Promotes cultural heritage
Promotes vocal and language development
Promotes cognitive development and abstract thought
Teaches social and group skills
There are three important points. First, note that the reasons
can be divided into two categories: (a) within music and the
arts (self expression/creative pleasure and aesthetic sense)
vs. (b) extramusical (the last five on the list). Second,
as these reasons have been advanced since at least 1887, the idea
that music has benefits for children that extend beyond music
and the arts themselves is an idea of very long standing. Third,
Draper and Gayle found some significant differences in the emphasis
placed on these reasons over the years and also some constancies.
There was no change in the percent of books that listed self-expression
and motor development. These reasons were found in 65-70% of all
texts over the almost 100 years surveyed. In contrast, the emphasis
on all of the other reasons changed. Summarized simply, there
was a plunge in "develops an aesthetic sense" and increases
in the other four reasons, i.e., "cultural heritage",
"vocal/language development", "cognitive development/abstract
thought" and "social/group skills".
This pattern of changes suggests that shifts in emphasis reflect
changes in societal values, probably based on many factors including
increased learning about and awareness of factors that influence
educational achievement and social adjustment. In fact, it is
reassuring that new knowledge influences and informs the reasons
for promoting music education. For example, Draper and Gayle point
out that an increase in emphasis on the benefits of music for
language and vocal development during the period of 1964-1972
coincides with "...the attempt to erase socioeconomic differences
with early intervention." That attitudes about music education
change with societal evolution is not in itself particularly surprising.
But the detailed nature of the changes has implications for potential
improvements in general education , particularly if they are based
on empirical studies and scientific evidence.
As 100 years is a very long time over which to appreciate changes in attitudes and beliefs and apply them to modern times, let us look more closely at the shifts of emphasis in music education for children. If one examines the results of the survey as broken down by Draper and Gayle for the three most recent periods covered, 1964-1972, 1973-1978 and 1979-1982, the overall picture changes markedly. The four reasons that received increased emphasis over 100 years have not all simply increased continually in modern times. "Language development" actually decreased substantially, "cultural heritage fluctuated and "social skills" increased considerably to 1973-1978 and then held steady. The only rationale that increased continually and greatly over this modern period was "promotes cognitive development and abstract thought."
We may ask, then, about the extent to which changes in emphasis
over the years reflect scientific findings about, e.g., the extramusical
benefits of music education. Although this is a simple question,
its answer is necessarily complex. Tracking down the bases for
attitudes about music education over time would require years
of research and volumes for analysis and presentation. A more
manageable question of considerable interest deals not with
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قربانیان پادشاهان (اسپویلر؟ منظورم این بازی سیندرلا تا سالن رقص است که تقریبا دو سال بوده است) ریچارد مددن، که چشم خود را تبدیل شده است، دندان خود را درخشش کامل قرار داده است. بقیه بازیگران نیز از کارهای قابل ستایش، از به عنوان پدر بیمار شاهزاده (آیا او را به پادشاه جذاب؟) به (یکی دیگر است.
من مظنون هستم، کیت بلانشت، همه درخشیدگی های جادویی بازی سیندرلا تا سالن رقص و ناخودآگاه به عنوان مادربزرگ شریرانه، به راحتی از طریق فیلم به پرواز در می آیند. بلانشت طرفدار بالاترین نظم است، اما او به نظر می رسد خوشحال است که به استعدادهای خود را برای بچه ها زمانی که خواسته می شود به او بدهد. که نمی گوید او آن را صدا می کند. بازی آنلاین اندروید آیفون موبایل تبلت فلش
, بازی آنلاین مدل لباس فلش
, بازی آنلاین آرایش گری فلش
,Manage episode 155909848 series 1170316
Ohio State University Libraries tarafından hazırlanmış olup, Player FM ve topluluğumuz tarafından keşfedilmiştir. Telif hakkı Player FM'e değil, yayıncıya ait olup; yayın direkt olarak onların sunucularından gelmektedir. Abone Ol'a basarak Player FM'den takip edebilir ya da URL'yi diğer podcast uygulamalarına kopyalarak devam edebilirsiniz.
featured Eboni Francis and Leta Hendricks, University Libraries, with readings that inspired the work of artist Glenn Ligon including James Baldwin"s, "Stranger in the Village", Zora Neale Huston"s essay: "How it Feels To Be Colored Me" (1928) and "The Ballot or the Bullet" by Malcolm X.
24 bölüm21.9: Nükleik Asitler
Nükleik asitler yaşamın devamlılığı için en önemli makromoleküllerdir. Hücrenin genetik planını ve işleyişiyle ilgili talimatları taşırlar.
DNA ve RNA
İki ana nükleik asit türü, deoksiribonükleik asit (DNA) ve ribonükleik asittir (RNA). DNA, tek hücreli bakterilerden çok hücreli memelilere kadar tüm canlı organizmalardaki genetik materyaldir. Ökaryotların çekirdeğinde ve organellerde, kloroplastlarda ve mitokondride bulunur. Prokaryotlarda DNA, zarlı bir çekirdek içinde yer almaz.
Hücrenin tüm genetik içeriği onun genomudur ve genomların incelenmesine genomik denir. Ökaryot hücrelerde, DNA, ökaryotik kromozomların maddesi olan kromatini oluşturmak için histon proteinleriyle bir kompleks oluşturur, ancak prokaryot hücrelerde oluşturmaz. Bir kromozom on binlerce gen içerebilir. Birçok gen protein üretmek için gerekli bilgileri içerir. Diğer genler RNA ürünlerini kodlar. DNA, genleri “açarak” veya “kapatarak” tüm hücresel aktiviteleri kontrol eder.
Diğer nükleik asit türü olan RNA, çoğunlukla protein sentezinde yer alır. DNA molekülleri asla çekirdeği terk etmez, bunun yerine hücrenin geri kalanıyla iletişim kurmak için bir aracı kullanır. Bu aracı, haberci RNA'dır (mRNA). Diğer RNA türleri—rRNA, tRNA ve mikroRNA gibi—protein sentezinde ve düzenlenmesinde rol oynar.
DNA ve RNA, nükleotit adı verilen monomerlerden oluşur. Her nükleotidi üç bileşen oluşturur: bir azotlu baz, bir pentoz (beş karbonlu) şeker ve bir fosfat grubu. Bir nükleotitteki her azotlu baz, bir veya daha fazla fosfat grubuna bağlı olan bir şeker molekülüne bağlıdır. Nükleotitlerin önemli bileşenleri olan azotlu bazlar, organik moleküllerdir ve karbon ve azot içerdikleri için bu şekilde adlandırılırlar. Fazladan bir hidrojen bağlama potansiyeline sahip bir amino grubu içerdikleri için bazdırlar ve böylece çevresindeki hidrojen iyonu konsantrasyonunu azaltarak onu daha bazik hale getirirler. DNA'daki her nükleotid, dört olası azotlu bazdan birini içerir: adenin (A), guanin (G), sitozin (C) ve timin (T). Adenin ve guanin pürinler olarak sınıflandırılır. Pürinin birincil yapısı iki karbon-azot halkasıdır. Sitozin, timin ve urasil, birincil yapıları olarak tek bir karbon-azot halkasına sahip olan pirimidinler olarak sınıflandırılır. Bu temel karbon-azot halkalarının her biri, kendisine bağlı farklı fonksiyonel gruplara sahiptir. Moleküler biyoloji stenografisinde, azotlu bazları A, T, G, C ve U sembolleriyle biliyoruz. DNA, A, T, G ve C'yi içerir; oysa RNA, A, U, G ve C'yi içerir.
DNA'daki pentoz şekeri deoksiribozdur ve RNA'da şeker ribozdur. Şekerler arasındaki fark, ribozun ikinci karbonunda hidroksil grubunun ve deoksiribozun ikinci karbonunda hidrojenin bulunmasıdır. Fosfat rezidüsü, bir şekerin 5′ karbonunun hidroksil grubuna ve bir sonraki nükleotidin şekerinin 3′ karbonunun hidroksil grubuna bağlanır ve bu 5′–3′ fosfodiester bağı oluşturur.
DNA Çift Sarmal Yapısı
DNA çift sarmal bir yapıya sahiptir. Şeker ve fosfat sarmalın dışında yer alır ve DNA'nın omurgasını oluşturur. Azotlu bazlar, bir çift merdiven basamağı gibi iç kısımda istiflenmiştir. Hidrojen bağları çiftleri birbirine bağlar. Çift sarmaldaki her baz çifti, bir sonraki baz çiftinden 0,34 nm ile ayrılır. Sarmalın iki ipliği zıt yönlerde ilerler, yani bir ipliğin 5′ karbon ucu, eşleşen ipliğin 3′ karbon ucuna bakacaktır. Yalnızca belirli baz eşleştirme türlerine izin verilir - A, T ile eşleşebilir ve G, C ile eşleşebilir. Bu tamamlayıcı temel kuraldır. Başka bir deyişle, DNA zincirleri birbirini tamamlayıcıdır.
RNA
Ribonükleik asit veya RNA, esas olarak DNA yönetimi altında protein sentezi sürecinde yer alır. RNA genellikle tek ipliklidir ve fosfodiester bağlarıyla birbirine bağlanan ribonükleotitlerden oluşur.
Dört ana RNA türü vardır: haberci RNA (mRNA), ribozomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA) ve mikroRNA (miRNA). Birincisi, mRNA, bir hücredeki tüm hücresel aktiviteleri kontrol eden DNA'dan gelen mesajı taşır. Bir hücre belirli bir proteine ihtiyaç duyarsa, onun geni “açılır” ve haberci RNA çekirdekte sentezlenir. RNA baz dizisi, kopyalandığı DNA'nın kodlama dizisini tamamlayıcıdır. Sitoplazmada, mRNA ribozomlar ve diğer hücresel mekanizmalarla etkileşime girer.
mRNA, kodonlar olarak bilinen üç bazdan oluşan setler halinde okunur. Her kodon, tek bir amino asidi kodlar. Bu şekilde mRNA okunur ve protein ürünü yapılır. Ribozomal RNA (rRNA), mRNA'nın bağlandığı ribozomların ana bileşenidir. rRNA, mRNA ve ribozomların uygun şekilde hizalanmasını sağlar. Ribozomun rRNA'sı ayrıca bir enzimatik aktiviteye (peptidil transferaz) sahiptir ve iki hizalanmış amino asit arasında peptit bağı oluşumunu katalize eder. Transfer RNA (tRNA), genellikle 70-90 nükleotid uzunluğundaki dört RNA türünün en küçüğünden biridir. Doğru amino asidi protein sentez bölgesine taşır. Doğru amino asidin kendisini polipeptit zincirine eklemesine izin veren tRNA ve mRNA arasındaki baz eşleşmesidir. mikroRNA'lar en küçük RNA molekülleridir ve rolleri, belirli mRNA mesajlarının expresyonuna müdahale ederek gen ekspresyonunun düzenlenmesini içerir.
RNA tek sarmallı olmasına rağmen, çoğu RNA türü, tamamlayıcı diziler arasında kapsamlı intramoleküler baz eşleşmesi gösterir ve işlevleri için gerekli olan öngörülebilir üç boyutlu bir yapı oluşturur.
Bu metin bu kaynaktan uyarlanmıştır: Openstax, Biology 2e, Chapter 3.5: Nucleic Acids.- Advance Care Planning
- Complementary Medicine
- Cultural Traditions
- Funeral Planning
- Health Insurance
- Hospice & Palliative Care
- Legal Matters
- Organ Donation
- Other Care & Support
- Pain & Symptom Management
After Death Occurs Checklist
Cultural Traditions and Language Barriers
Many people find it difficult to communicate their expectations, fears, and beliefs as they cope with traumatic issues regarding end of life care. Whether you have a life-threatening condition or you have a loved one who is dying, you may feel that the healthcare and other service providers with whom you're involved are not understanding or respecting your concerns. If English is not your primary language or you have religious or cultural beliefs and traditions that are not well understood or accepted by the providers, you may feel even more isolated.
For these reasons, it is a good idea to begin conversations with your healthcare providers by helping them understand your beliefs and feelings about care at the end of life. This is the best way to ensure that your doctors can respect your wishes and help you make the decisions that are right for you and your family.
Cultural and Religious Traditions
Because each of us comes with our own religious, cultural, and family beliefs and practices, even a healthcare provider who is trying to give the best care possible may be unaware of conflicts with your traditions and beliefs. The provider may be creating problems without knowing why, so it is important to tell your doctor or other provider your expectations about treatment and care.
By saying, "in our culture, we usually care for our dying parents by…." and explaining your expectations, you open the door for the provider to gain a better understanding of how to be responsive to your concerns. If the provider is discussing treatments or options that you do not understand, ask him or her to explain it again in a different way.
You might also want to tell your provider something about the following issues:
- How do you and your family wish to make decisions about your care (for example, you alone, together as a family, the family making the decision on your behalf)?
- Whom would you like the provider to speak with about diagnoses, test results, and treatment options?
- Do you or your family have any fears about doctors or medical procedures or any experiences that may concern you?
- Does your family
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d offers from favorite brands create trust, security and familiarity. With consumers now having so much choice in the online and offline retail market, building trust in their brand has never been more important. In a study conducted by PWC this year, in fact, 35% of consumers ranked “brand trust” among the top three reasons for retail shopping.
Although according to research conducted by the Kenan-Flagler Business School of the University of North Carolina , younger consumers are still more sensitive to this type of intrusion because they understand the value of their attention and especially of their data.
Consumers no longer want to be bombarded with messages or made too aware of what a company knows.
In Italy, Bolzano can boast a role as a track opener for the adoption of Beacon technology: the South Tyrolean Province, in fact, was the first to have a 100% public Beacon network spread throughout the territory , i.e. totally open and free .
The network was created by positioning 3,500 beacons in the territory of 74 municipalities in South Tyrol and was born from a collaboration between the NOI Techpark technology park and the Autonomous Province of Bolzano.
A peculiarity of the public network is that it can be used by any company or startup that has the will to develop ad hoc projects that can range from gamification to monitoring the territory.
Among the current applications, the city of Merano in collaboration with IDM has integrated a game into the Südtirol Mobile Guide to involve visitors during the period of the local Christmas market, while the Bolzano Fair will use bluetooth devices to provide information to visitors. (In Italy, another interesting example of innovative use of technology to improve the tourist experience is represented by the Trentino VR project , based on virtual reality).
The free development platform was also used for the development of the Blueslemon project, born from a collaboration between two companies, FOS Group and MAVTech, and a research center, EURAC, which integrates the use of bluetooth and drones for landslide monitoring. .
It is difficult to say how popular Beacon technology will become; the technology is still relatively young outside of retail and, as we often do for technologies, the adoption curve has not been “steep” as expected.
However, with Google’s recent plans to make its platform open and easier for developers to program, we can expect more companies to adopt the technology. A huge advantage of beacons is that they are relatively cheap compared to other technologies, so large and small businesses can adopt the technology with low risk.
Beacons are simple tools whose main features are Bluetooth signal strength and battery life. But many do not remember that beacons also work without a data network or GPS and therefore can be decisive for the most varied applications. Their limit? The imagination to develop the right application to combine. Because? Because we are going to provide Beacon!
Last but not least, this year Global Market Insights has predicted that the Beacon technology market will exceed $ 25 billion by 2024 . What is certain is that technology has a lot of potentials and will contribute to the evolution of the industrial and advertising sectors in the coming years.
Materie prime e spedizioni sotto pressione
Newspaper Articole on “ilFriuli Business”
Back to the future | BLE Beacons
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COVID 19 UPDATE | FACING THE DIFFICULTIES, AND GET OUT OF THEM TOGETHER
What is a printed circuit board?
Chinese New Year 2020When the east flank of Mount Etna collapsed into the sea around 8500 years ago, it triggered a tsunami that devastated the Neolithic villages of the eastern Mediterranean. If it were to happen today the wall of water would clobber coastal cities from southern Italy to parts of Israel. Watch a simulation here.
The largest active volcano in Europe, Etna towers 3.3 kilometres above eastern Sicily. When the east flank collapsed in the eruption all those years ago the resulting landslide left a depression now called Valle del Bove.
Earlier this year, Maria Pareschi of the Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology in Pisa discovered that sediment from Etna's ancient landslide stretched offshore for 250 square kilometres. When Pareschi's team modelled what happens when 25 cubic kilometres of Etna's rock slid into the sea they found that the Neolithic tsunami would have spread from the Ionian Sea ...
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.Gardens in the East, as the Hebrew word indicates, are enclosures on the outskirts of towns, planted with various trees and shrubs. From the allusions in the Bible we learn that they were surrounded by hedges of thorn, ( Isaiah 5:5 ) or walls of stone. ( Proverbs 24:31 ) For further protection lodges, ( Isaiah 1:8 ; Lamentations 2:6 ) or watchtowers, ( Mark 12:1 ) were built in them, in which sat the keeper, ( Job 27:18 ) to drive away the wild beasts and robbers, as is the case to this day. The gardens of the Hebrews were planted with flowers and aromatic shrubs, ( Solomon 6:2 ; 4:16 ) besides olives, fig trees, nuts or walnuts, ( Solomon 6:12 ) pomegranates, and others for domestic use. ( Exodus 23:11 ; Jeremiah 29:5 ; Amos 9:14 ) Gardens of herbs, or kitchen gardens, are mentioned in ( 11:10 ) and 1Kin 21:2 The rose garden in Jerusalem, said to have been situated westward of the temple mount, it is remarkable as having been one of the few gardens which, from the time of the prophets, existed within the city walls. The retirement of gardens rendered them favorite places for devotion.|This article does not cite any sources. (December 2006)|
In a chemistry laboratory a solvent cabinet is a chemical storage cabinet or cupboard which is properly labeled and equipped, for the storage of solvents (especially those that are combustible). A solvent cabinet should be positioned separately from acid cabinet or base cabinet (used for storing acids and caustic bases respectively, as solvents are not compatible with these substances. (Some carts for transporting containers of chemicals come equipped with a built in solvent cabinet).
A solvent cabinet must incorporate a number of safety features. It should be adequately ventilated, preventing the release of excessive fumes (being either sealed or vented). It should be equipped to contain fires and isolate the contents from sources of ignition, be grounded (to prevent sparks and static discharge).
|This chemistry-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|Haaretz gazetesinin haberine göre, ismini açıklamak istemeyen bir Dışişleri Bakanlığı yetkilisi, Mavi Marmara'dan beri çok düşük düzeyde seyreden Türkiye ile ilişkileri düzeltmek isteyen Savunma Bakanı Ehud Barak, Başbakan Netanyahu'ya bir teklif götürdü. Ancak Binyamin Netanyahu, bu öneriyi reddetti.
Habere göre, Ehud Barak, politikayı bırakacağı için, özür nedeniyle oluşabilecek tepkilerin kendisine yönelmesini teklif etti. Başbakan'ın ya da Cumhurbaşkanı Şimon Peres'in dileyeceği bir özürün başka sonuçları olabileceğini düşünen Barak, özrü kendisinin dilemesinin en doğrusu olacağını söyledi.
Bu öneriyi reddeden Netanyahu, 2011 yılının yaz aylarında Türkiye'den resmi özür dileme konusunu ortaya atanlardan biriydi. Ancak o zamanlar, Dışişleri Bakanı Avigdor Liberman bu öneriye şiddetle karşı çıkmıştı.
Geçtiğimiz aylarda, Türk ve İsrail'li dışişleri yetkililerinin, iki ülke arasındaki kötü ilişkileri düzeltmek için gizlice bir araya geldikleri ortaya çıkmıştı.
(soL - Dış Haberler)همیشه قبل از ازدواج فرصت هایی برای شناخت بیشتر دختر و پسر می گذارند. دختران و پسران جوان نباید این فرصت را از دست بدهند.ما در مجله اینترنتی آسان طب در مورد سؤالهایی که باید قبل از ازدواج از همسر آینده بپرسیم، بیشتر توضیح خواهیم داد.
سوال هایی که می توانیم قبل از ازدواج بپرسیم
1- آیا شما در نظافت خانه مشارکت می کردید؟ آیا از شما خواسته می شد که کارهای خاصی را در خانه انجام دهید؟ ایا به خاطر کمک در کارهای خانه به شما پولی پرداخت می شد؟
2- پدر و مادرتان چگونه شما را تربیت می کردند؟ ایا توصیه های انضباطی آنها را می پذیرفتید یا در مقابل آن مقاومت می کردیده؟ به نظر شما قوانین خانوادگیتان منصفانه بود یا غیرمنصفانه ؟ آیا نسبت به دیگر اعضای خانواده برخورد منصفانه ای داشتید؟ از نظر شما ازدواج والدینتان در چه درجه ای بود؟ آیا ازدواجشان عاشقانه بود و نسبت به هم ابراز محبت می کردند؟ آیا با یکدیگر بحث می کردند؟ آیا آنها الگوهای خوبی برای ازدواج آیندهٔ شما بودند؟
3- پدر و مادرتان در مورد مدیریت مالی به شما چه آموختند؟ آیا پول توجیبی منظمی داشتید؟ آیا امکان آن را داشتید تا هر مقدار پولی که نیاز داشتید به دست آورید؟ آیا برای چیزهای خاصی که می خواستید، پس انداز می کردید؟ آیا حساب بانکی مخصوص به خود داشتید؟ ایا والدینتان بدهی داشتند؟
3- به خاطر می آورید که والدینتان در زندگی مشترکشان از بحرانی عبور کرده باشند؟ چه اتفاقی افتاد و احساس شما نسبت به ان چه بود؟
4- رابطهٔ شما با خواهر و برادرهایتان چگونه بود؟ آیا به یکی از آنها احساس نزدیکی بیشتری داشتید؟ آیا تک فرزند بودید؟ در این صورت چه احساسی داشتید؟
5- والدینتان در مورد مسائل جنسی چه چیزهایی به شما آموخته اند؟ آیا نکات خاصی را در این مورد به شما یادآوری کرده اند؟
6- آیا والدیلتان انتخاب شما در مورد همسر آینده تان را تأیید می کنند؟ آیا همسرتان با والدینتان کنار می آید؟
7- رابطهٔ شما با پدر و مادربزرگتان چگونه بود؟ آیا از آنها شناخت کافی داشتید و آیا آنها با محبت با شما برخورد می کردند؟ عمو، دایی، عمه، خاله، فرزندان آنها و دیگر اقوام چطور؟ آیا با هیچ یک از آنه
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ığınız bir hayır kurumuna belirli bir miktar para bağışlayın. Sigara içmeyi kesmede yardımcı olmak için yeme alışkanlıklarınızı değiştirin. Örneğin, Süt için. Birçok insan sigara içmekle süt içmenin uyumsuz olduğunu düşünür. Yemekleri ve aperatifleri sigara içmeye neden olmayacak biçimde sonlandırın. Sigara yerine bir bardak meyve suyu için. Sigara içmeyi azaltmak tamamen bırakmaya yardımcı olur, fakat tamamen bırakma değildir. Eğer günde yedi sigaradan az içiyorsanız tamamen bırakma hedef tarihini tespit etme zamanı gelmiştir ve bunun için hazırlıklara başlayın.
Otomatik Olarak İçmeyin
Sadece gerçekten istediğiniz sigaraları için. Tamamen alışkanlıkla yaktığınız her sigarayı farketmeye çalışın. Kül tablalarını boşaltmayın. Bu size her gün ne kadar sigara içtiğinizi hatırlatacaktır. Aynı zamanda sigara izmaritlerinin kokusu ve görüntüsü olumsuz uyaran olacaktır. Otomatik uzanmayı engellemek için sigarayı alışılmadık yerlere ve değişik ceplerinize koyarak ters elinizi kullanarak alın. Gün içinde hiç düşünmeden birkaç sigara yakıyorsanız, her seferinde sigarayı yakmadan önce aynaya bakın ve onu gerçekten isteyip istemediğinize karar verin.
Sigara İçmeyi Zorlaştırın
Sigarayı karton karton almayın. Bir paket bitmeden diğer paketi satın almayın. Evde ve işyerinde yanınızda sigara bulundurmayın. Sigaraya ulaşmayı zorlaştırın.
Sigara İçmeyi Tatsızlaştırın
Sadece hoşlanmadığınız durumlarda sigara için. Örneğin başkalarıyla birlikteyken sigara içmekten hoşlanıyorsanız, yalnız sigara için. Sandalyenizi odanın boş köşesine çevirin, dikkatinizi sadece içtiğiniz sigaraya ve onun olumsuz etkilerine odaklayın. Bütün sigara izmaritlerinizi, sigara içmekle oluşturduğunuz kirliliği size görsel olarak hatırlatacak büyük bir cam kavanozda biriktirin.By Sondra Samuels
Their well-being belongs at the center of all our decisions
After living in Botswana, Africa for two years as a Peace Corps volunteer, I visited Kenya, where members of the Masai tribe greeted me warmly.
The Masai are known for their elaborate adornment and fearless warriors. Little did I know at the time the true warmth in their traditional greeting, “Kasserian Ingera,” which means, “And how are the children?”
This greeting, often exchanged between Masai warriors, speaks volumes about their values as highlighted in a sermon by Dr. Patrick T. O’Neill: “‘And how are the children?’ is still the traditional greeting among the Masai, acknowledging the high value that the Masai always place on their children’s well-being.
“Even warriors with no children of their own would always give the traditional answer, ‘All the children are well,’ meaning, of course, that peace and safety prevail, that the priorities of protecting the young, the powerless, are in place, that Masai society has not forgotten its reason for being, its proper functions and responsibilities.
“‘All the children are well’ means that life is good,” said Dr. O’Neill. “It means that the daily struggles for existence do not preclude proper caring for their young.”
As we contemplate the peace and safety of children in our “American tribe,” there is no greater risk to their future success, our country’s economic well-being, our global competitiveness, or our national security than our failure to educate all of our children irrespective of race, income or zip code.
Nationally, with only a 12 percent proficiency rate for Black fourth-grade boys in reading and only 12 percent for eighth-grade Black boys in math, it is safe to say that all the children are not doing well! Let’s heed the wisdom of the Masai and commit to a tradition of greeting with the same question, “And how are the children?”
Just think of the revolution that would happen if we dared to place the achievement of our children at the center of all our decisions and held the education establishment accountable for actually educating the children we pay them to educate.
School leaders from around the country are beginning to get it. In a Washington Post article entitled, “How to Fix Our Schools — A Manifesto,” 15 school superintendents (including our former Minneapolis superintendent Carol Johnson, now leading Boston public schools) responsible for the education of over 2.5 million children stated the following: “We know that the task of reforming the country’s public schools begins with us. It is our obligation to enhance the personal growth and academic achievement of our students, and we must be accountable for how our schools perform.”
To that end, the superintendents suggested a number of ways to address what they called a “crisis in public education that favors adults over the children”:
• Getting the best teacher in front of every child now. To do this, teachers should be hired and fired based on their performance as measured by how well students perform, are engaged, and are motivated to learn instead of by how long a teacher has been teaching. Also, the current policy of “last in, first out” (the teachers hired last are let go first when cuts are made) preclude principals from making personnel choices based on performance, which negatively impacts student achievement.
•Make charter schools a viable option. Children need great public schools now, whether they are public district or public charter. Our only evaluation criteria should be how well the children are performing.
• Give parents a better pool of schools to choose from. Middle-class families with the ability to move to a neighborhood with high-performing schools, or the means to pay tuition for their children to attend one, inherently have choice.
All parents, no matter their income or zip code, deserve the flexibility to choose which school will be best for their children. On this controversial point the superintendents state, “That starts with having the courage to replace or substantially restructure persistently low-performing schools that continuously fail our students. Closing a neighborhood school — whether it’s in Southeast D.C., Harlem, Denver or Chicago — is a difficult decision that can be very emotional for a community. But no one ever said leadership is easy.”
• Professionalize teaching. District leaders should have the ability to pay the scores of great teachers we have in our classrooms today significantly more money, especially those who are willing to teach hard subjects and to teach in challenged neighborhoods.
Agree with the superintendents from around the country or not, I hope we can all agree that our highest value as a community must be on the well-being of our children and on their achievement. As weighty decisions are made in the coming weeks, I hope the question “And how are the children?” is at the center of our public debate.
With that one question, let’s start a revolution!
Sondra Samuels’ “Everything’s Possible” column appears monthly in the MSR. She welcomes reader responses to firstname.lastname@example.org.At a glance, the Mount Bethel Fens resembles a collection of meadow-like openings in deciduous forest commonly seen throughout the eastern seaboard. However upon closer examination, the saturated ground characterizing these areas reveals numerous, globally rare calcareous fens – wetlands that have become increasingly rare in eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
Recognized by naturalists as a turn of the century botanical wonder, the Mount Bethel Fens are fed by springs and seeps with waters rich in calcium, magnesium and other minerals. The extreme alkalinity and continuous moisture produces soils that support rare mosses, plants and animals, including whorled nutrush and brook lobelia. If the delicate balance between the amount of water and chemical composition becomes disrupted at one location, the entire fen complex is affected.
Since the mid-1980’s, The Nature Conservancy has monitored and managed this complex of fens in partnership with Lehigh University’s Lehigh Earth Observatory. To maintain the integrity of the Mount Bethel Fens, staff hydrologists regularly analyze the water quality at locations upstream and downstream from the fen complex, and collect additional data about rainfall, temperature, relative humidity and other conditions at weather stations located within the project area. While this information shapes conservation efforts at the Mount Bethel Fens, the Conservancy continues to pursue the acquisition of additional land and easements critical to their long-term protection.
The withdrawal and diversion of groundwater. Invasive vegetation.
Monitoring hydrology. Removing invasive vegetation. Seeking opportunities to acquire land and conservation easements.
Arrival of Dr. Edgar T. Wherry, a world renowned scientist, to study the Mount Bethel Fens in 1920. The donation of 33 acres to The Nature Conservancy in 1996.
Lehigh Earth Observatory, Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, United States Fish & Wildlife Service, Upper Mount Bethel Township, William Penn Foundation, local communitiesWith the Mother's day only days away, it's only natural to wonder how this great tradition of honoring mother ever evolved in this world.
The origin of the famous holiday goes back to the era of ancient Greek and Romans, although roots of Mother's Day can also be traced in the UK, where a celebration called 'Mothering Sunday' was held much before the day in honor of mothers were celebrated elsewhere in the world including the US.
However, the celebration of the Mother's day as we see it today is a recent phenomenon, thanks to two great woman named Julia Ward Howe and Anna Jervis, who made this day come into existence.
The earliest history of the Mother's day celebration can be traced to the Greek's celebration of a day in honor of the maternal goddesses. Rhea, wife of Cronus and the mother of many deities of Greek mythology was honored.
A celebration of ancient Romans that dates back to some 250 years before Christ was born, is also thought to be a possible origin of the present day Mother's day. They celebrated a spring festival called 'Hilaria' that was dedicated to Cybele, a mother goddess. However, the celebrations that usually lasted for three days with parades, games and masquerades; were thought to be notorious and the followers of Cybele were ultimately banished from Rome.
The fourth Sunday of lent was also celebrated by early Christians in honor of the Virgin Mary, Christ's mother. But in the UK, the celebration was expanded to include all mothers and was called Mothering Sunday.
More recent history of the Mother's Day dates back to the 1600s in England when Mothering Sunday was celebrated on the fourth day of lent which included service in church to honor Virgin Mary. Children bought sweets and flowers in order to express love towards their own mothers.
Even those who worked away from their families were encouraged to visit their mothers and honor them. By the 19th century, the custom of celebrating Mothering Sunday almost completely died out although there are certain accounts of some celebrations after World War II.
Julia Ward Howe
Julia Ward Howe, who as an activist, writer and poet was the first to suggest the idea of an official celebration of the Mother's Day. In her famous Mothers Day Proclamation, written in Boston in 1870 she wrote a passionate appeal to women and urged them to rise against war. Suggesting a day of honour for Mothers on June, she also initiated a Mothers' Peace Day observance on the second Sunday in June. Her idea, backed by her relentless campaigns and calls for the official day later spread and replaced Mothers' Peace Day.
Anna Jarvis, who is often referred to as the 'Mother of Mothers Day' is considered to be the founder of the celebration in the US. The activist was inspired by her own mother Anna Marie Reeves Jarvis, who wanted to see the existence of Mother's Day.
The desire to fulfill her mother's wishes, backed by the growing negligent attitude of Americans towards their mothers inspired Jarvis to work hard in instituting the official day for mothers, the Mothers Day Celebration website notes.
After much lobbying, campaigns and awareness programs, her hard work paid off. By 1911, almost all the states in the United States celebrated Mother's day. On 8 May 1914, President Woodrow Wilson signed a Joint Resolution designating the second Sunday in May as Mother's Day.
People all around the world take the day as an opportunity to pay tribute to their mothers and thank them for all their love and support. Mother's Day is celebrated today in several countries including the US, UK, India, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Turkey, Australia, Mexico, and Canada among many others.
(Image Credit: Wikimedia Commons)شهردار آستانه اشرفیه گفت: با کمال تاسف امروزه شبکه های اجتماعی و فضای مجازی تهدیدی جدی برای خانواده ها و روابط حقیقی محسوب می شوند. به گزارش «بامردم»، شهردار آستانه اشرفیه در همایش روز فرهنگ عمومی با عنوان «شبکههای اجتماعی؛ روابط اجتماعی یا اشتباهی؟» ضمن تبریک روز فرهنگ عمومی، اظهار داشت: قطعا رمز موفقیت هر […]
شهردار آستانه اشرفیه گفت: با کمال تاسف امروزه شبکه های اجتماعی و فضای مجازی تهدیدی جدی برای خانواده ها و روابط حقیقی محسوب می شوند.
به گزارش «بامردم»، شهردار آستانه اشرفیه در همایش روز فرهنگ عمومی با عنوان «شبکههای اجتماعی؛ روابط اجتماعی یا اشتباهی�
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戏水的家禽都让人着...
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Galt很漂亮，有那么多漂亮的老房子，有那么多的人物，而且我相信那些传奇的过去，但每次我去看那里的家...
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完善详情页
我和我的家人在高尔特长大，那是一个非常适合居住的地方。但是时代变了，当地人也变了。我们过去常开玩笑说，布兰特福德是厕所，现在是高尔特(市中心)。它已经成了剑桥的粪堆。为了我们的妈妈，我还得一个月回去两三次。除此之外，没有理由再回来(太糟糕了)。
这是一场没有计划的短途旅行，但是我们非常喜欢这里平静的河流和美丽的大坝。这里的水和戏水的家禽都让人着迷。我们没有走过河上的长廊-即使他看起来是在这个十一月的阴天邀请我们去上面走一走……
Galt很漂亮，有那么多漂亮的老房子，有那么多的人物，而且我相信那些传奇的过去，但每次我去看那里的家时，这个地方简直就是臭气熏天。我的理解是附近有一家水处理厂会产生这种气味。如果我能过去的话，我可能已经住在那里了。除此之外，这个地区非常棒。
没有价格合理的好餐馆。交通非常糟糕，大多数商店都关门了。市中心北侧的路有很多裂缝。我觉得这里不安全
Galt在三个前村庄的西南角，这三个以前是小村庄的地方构成了剑桥。Galt包含了旧市政厅和新市政厅，旧市政厅里有很多档案资料，新市政厅是一座屡获殊荣的建筑，里面有美丽的绿色墙壁。 同样屡获殊荣的Farmer's Market就在Galt隔壁，市场里面货物种类繁多，包括许多有机食品。 市场在全年的星期六和夏季的星期三开放，还有街头艺人表演。 Galt还拥有邓菲尔德剧院，剧院是德雷顿集团的一部分，还有几家画廊，各种餐馆，一条迷人的主街，皇后广场，公园和河边步道。 这里还有Monigram咖啡厅，晚上会举办各种艺术活动。 这里的哪样东西不惹人喜爱？ 另外，这里还是米莉女王的埋葬之地。
漂亮的小镇，有着很棒的建筑，不错的餐馆、商店等等。每周六和周三都会举办一个不错的小农贸市场。建议大家沿着河边的人行道漫步游览，景色非常迷人，在火车桥上能欣赏日落的美景，感觉真是太棒了！！你还可以沿着道路从高尔特骑自行车(或步行或通过独木舟!）到巴黎。对于这里可能我有点偏见，因为那是我的家乡！
我很喜欢Cambridge，以及它所提供的一切。这是个小城市，但我的一切所需都能满足。Galt很古雅，市长努力使城市恢复活力，甚至不惜代价忽略了城市其他部分的发展。适合游览，也许也适合居住，但对于我来说，贫民窟太多了。我住在Hespeler，无论Cambridge什么样，它永远都像不是Kitchener和Waterloo的亲生儿子一样不受人待见。
美丽的市中心与大河贯穿它。古色古香的商店和餐馆都在步行距离之内。 Idea交换图书馆是市区的一个受欢迎的补充。
这是一个非常好的居住地。不幸的是，它变成了瘾君子的天堂。门头随处可见。 The Bridges和Shoppers之间的地方变得非常暴力。我的妻子在等儿子的校车时口头上几次被辱骂。晚上散步是一个很大的挑战。这不好。真的很糟糕和讨厌。
我们在冬天访问了高尔特只是一小段车程，最后在水边走了一个小时。如果你正在去别的地方并开车经过的话，这是一个不错的去处。不确定它作为一个目的地是多么伟大。I can sometimes be rather picky (some would say 'anal') when I write, for example, an e-mail. I get annoyed if I have to resort to typing three periods for an ellipsis rather than achieving it with just the one character. Doing something with one character instead of three is also a skill that has carved itself a niche in this age of Twitter. So how would one go about it?
In Windows, I was able to do this by typing the ASCII code using Alt+0, 1,3, 3 with the digits being typed using the numeric keypad. If you remember the ASCII code for any character, you can type it using this trick. Some codes that I remember well are those for the em and en dashes (0150 and 0151).
Linux however has always been too cool for school. It doesn't support the ASCII trick. Instead it supports unicode which means that you can type just about any character you can think of as long as you remember its unicode … code. This is, of course, far better than the ASCII trick which only has 255 characters in its entire set. But this means that not only do you have to remember the ASCII code (for when you are in Windows) and the unicode for when you are in KDE, the unicode is also a li'l longer and more complicated to enter. For example, typing the ellipsis in Linux would involve Ctrl+Shift+u,2, 0, 2,6 followed by a Space or Enter. More than a handful, but not too complicated once you get used to it.
But surely Linux, that king of customisability, would offer a neater solution. In fact, it offers a plethora of solutions. None of them are, unfortunately, neat, with the exception of one, the Compose key. The KDE docs show how the compose key can be configured in your version of KDE/Kubuntu. In my case (Kubuntu 14.10),
- I opened Input Devices in System Settings, chose Keyboard on the left, the Advanced tab on the right.
- I enabled the Configure keyboard options checkbox at the top of the page and then scrolled down to the section titled Position of Compose key.
- Within this section, I chose to nominate my keyboard's Right Win key as the compose key and pressed Apply.
Now all I have to do to type an ellipsis is to press Right Win+., . which results in an …! Ain't that simply neat? No more remembering dodgy codes! Similarly, an em dash can be typed using Right Win+-, -, - while the en dash would require Right Win+-, -, .. While I still have to remember each combination, it's, IMHO, rather intuitive.
A list of these key combinations can be found here. Not all of them work for me, but the ones that I want, do.
I'll try to update this article soon with the working combinations.Dolu, kuşları telef etti
YOZGAT - Yozgat şehir merkezinde dün saat 20.30 sıralarında misket büyüklüğünde yağan dolu, Büyük Cami çevresinde bulunan ağaçlardaki sığırcıkları telef etti.
Yağmur yağışıyla birlikte aralıklı olarak düşen dolu tanelerinin isabet ettiği kuşlardan onlarcası telef oldu.
Yozgat il genelinde etkili olan dolu yağışı nedeniyle tarım arazilerinde ve meyve bahçelerinde hasar meydana geldi.（吉隆坡18日讯）一名辅警下班后准备取摩哆回家时，发现2名匪徒试图偷走其摩哆，便召来同僚协助捉匪，结果2名偷摩哆贼落网后，其中一人因体温过高且有发烧和咳嗽症状，因此被怀疑感染新冠肺炎病毒。
该名匪徒已被隔离观察，而其检测结果报告相信要明日才能出炉；据悉，曾与该名匪徒接触的辅警也已进行居家隔离。
十五碑警区主任再鲁尼占助理总监指出，警方于昨午4时25分，接获投报指马大医院泊摩哆场有人试图偷摩哆，因此前往调查。
他说，事主是马大医院辅警，当时下班后，前往摩哆场取摩哆时，发现2名男子正鬼祟的准备偷走其摩哆，随即联络其同僚到场协助捉贼。
辅警在匪徒身上搜出各种偷摩哆的工具。
「2名偷摩哆贼当场被捕，该名辅警也对匪徒进行搜身，发现他们身上有不少用来偷摩哆的工具，包括扳手、螺丝刀和手套。」
他说，2名落网嫌犯年龄分别26岁和19岁，2人被警方带走前，被安排进行体温检测，发现该19岁嫌犯体温高达38.5度，且出现发烧和咳嗽症状，因此立即安排该嫌犯到隔离病房隔离观察。
「该名嫌犯随后也坦承曾和一名居住在格灵芝人民组屋，且手戴粉红居家隔离手环的男子有亲密接触。」
他说，另一名嫌犯也在被捕期间，因和辅警发生冲突，导致嘴角受伤，被送往急诊室清理伤口。
他说，警方调查发现，2名嫌犯皆有[毒·品]前科，而警方目前仍无法向2人录取口供，但警方已援引刑事法典第379A条文（偷窃交通工具），开档展开调查。
搶先看最新趣聞請贊下麵專頁I landed in Hong Kong with not much time to research or plan out a proper itinerary.
This was the fourth trip to Hong Kong for the husband who was too busy preparing for a conference he was attending in Kowloon to give any input. So other than introducing me the theme song of 1970s cartoon “Hong Kong Phooey” and giving me a a low down on the ‘kung fu’ canine crime busting character there was little else to go on.
So armed with some paltry food and shopping tips from cabin crews my cousin Catherine and friend Sel and some miserable research, I came up with a haphazard itinerary for five days in Hong Kong.
Of course, the bustling harbour of Hong Kong, it’s surrounding islands, skyscrapers, ferries, boats and vessels along the bay are what defines Hong Kong and it’s skyline today.
But how did that come about? Why did Hong Kong’s development move upwards? Where do the 7 million population fit in? What are their origins? How did they end up in Hong Kong? What was life like before the first trade vessel arrived on the shores of this island?
It is definitely not on the to do list of most visitors to Hong Kong judging by the numbers at the centre. But that’s a pity because, the centre has some interesting exhibits and information on the ‘Fragrant Harbour’ also which shares the title ‘Pearl of the Orient’ with several other cities in Asia.
For starters it gives you a low down on the early settlers in Hong Kong, including what they looked like, their customs, practices and survival tools.
These are based on skeletons and items excavated from 20 prehistoric burial grounds around Hong Kong.
Based on the excavated skeletons, the height of the average male was 163cm while the average age was 36.
Their diet consisted of hard and tough food-
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司(民生冷链原相干公司）股权让转换中，不查看股权让人。，未能核对并即时查明宜宾雪贝冻硬的食品利害相干有限公司的股权让受方容器和民生冷链董事兼财务总监李蜀萍的娘儿相干。
留存，2015年9月18日，首届暂时合股大会在PEOPL冷链中聚集，宜宾公共冷链利害相干利害相干有限效用发行的请求、签字宜宾市民冷链利害相干利害相干有限公司利害相干请求。争辩法案，新发行股本权益500万股，装饰者的财政资助本利之和为1000万元。。不外，花溪保密的以协议约束形成环状翻阅互插合股MEE、合股有利堆证据、《验资使报到》、买卖注册及否则消息，话虽这样说，接受利害相干签字的股本权益接受一致。
综上，争辩《发行与买卖条例》第五十八条、特别感应十五个人组成的橄榄球队条目，特别感应十二条U规监视明智地使用规则，四川证监局决议对华西保密的采用流出警示函行政接管办法，并索赔花溪保密的采用无效办法，增加无效性，增强内部明智地使用，在提供资产的堆事情中勤勉的,负责实行负责检验税收。
摘要等的处理工作工作者注意到每日经济学摘要等的处理工作，提供资产的堆一直是花溪保密的的一体短板。。往年上半年，花溪保密的提供资产的堆收益落下；营业利润率走慢。历史_历史故事_历史人物 - 历史新知网
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�贝。怎么这么紧张?”他安详地看着我，他温热的手正被我死死攥在手中。
我喘息着推开他的手，我说，“我们走吧，我累了。”
回到家已是傍晚时分，我跌坐在沙发里，由于劳累，我的左腿又开始了那种深深的隐隐的疼，我感觉我的左腿正盘压在我的右腿之上，形成一个美好的弧度，膝盖骨底下的血管突突跳跃着，清晰可感。我抑制不住地又伸手抚摸我的左腿，可是那只是一条硬邦邦的假腿，我只好用力攥住我的左胯，手指深深抠了进去。
这时，我的另一只手在沙发扶手处触碰到了什么，我拿起来一看，那是一本叫做《西医外科与行为艺术》的书。我发现书里有一处被折页的地方，我掀开那一页，上边有几处画了铅笔道道的痕迹，显然是他画的。我迅速瞥了一眼划笔道的文字，上边写：负责人体肢体的末梢神经，在人的一部分肢体被切割后，末梢神经对该部分肢体的感觉信号有时并不能消失，有时仍然会逼真地存有对那失去的一部分肢体的感觉，依然像存在着一样……“怎么样，我们玩得不错吧。”他手里攥着一张报纸，走了进来。
我迅速把那本书藏掖到身后，微微闭上眼睛，“我的左腿又疼起来了。”
他紧张地从报纸上抬起头，望着我，“怎么会呢?一定又是你的错觉，它已经不在了呀。”他一边说，一边放下手中的报纸，把我搂在他的怀中。我再一次听到他急促的锤击一般的心跳声。
我有气无力地说，“你不觉得这种郊游正像我们的性交一样，只不过是把真正的问题悬置一边，并且试图把它遮掩起来吗?你为什么偏要假装它不存在呢?”
“本来就不存在嘛!我们不是玩得好好的吗?”他嘴上轻松地说着，却心事重重地低下头，苦痛的表情完全地占领了他的脸孔。
这时，有敲门声响起来。
我们家里已经很久没有敲门声了。
他叹了一声，就用双手抱住头()埋在膝上。
他终于抽泣起来，用我几乎听不到的声音说，“我的腿疼，左腿疼，一直没有停止过。”
那敲门声更加急剧了，咚咚咚，十分沉重十分拙笨的敲击声。我听到那声音很特别很奇怪，不像是用手指在敲击，简直是用脚在踢门。
咚——咚——咚，这深不可测的敲门声会是谁呢?
我和他不约而同向房门望去，我们的目光穿过幽长的门厅和走廊，落到那重重的敲击声上。然后，我们的视线从房门处收了回来，神情紧张地彼此对视一下，我们几乎同时发现黄昏的黯淡而苍老的光线提前来临了，它穿过窗棂抹在我们未老先衰的脸孔上。这早衰的光线形成了一堵活动的墙壁，触不着摸不到，压在我们死去的梦想上边。
我们都知道那是我的左腿来找我们了，它正在用力敲击着我们的房门呢。
陈染：梦回
有一天，资料情报员小石下班时候边走边伏在我的耳边没话找话故作诡秘地悄悄说，瞧瞧，前边那几位更年期老太太，我天天就跟她们坐在一个办公室里。
此时，太阳正不慌不忙地往我们机关大院西边的房屋树木后面掉下去，一缕粉红色抹在他一侧清秀的脸颊上，晚霞把他的一只耳朵穿透了，红彤彤的像一张燃烧起来的企图擅自飞翔离去的小翅膀，而另一只耳朵却遮在阴影里呆若木鸡，有点滑稽的样子。游移闪动的光线忽然使我想起自己脸上的雀斑，它们就是喜欢阳光，哪怕是残阳，它们也会争先恐后地跑出来。
于是，我从小石手里夺过一张报纸，遮住夏日里渐渐褪去的残阳。然后，有点不高兴的样子，说，人家才五十岁，怎么就是老太太了！其实，我也不清楚为什么会忽然莫名其妙地不高兴，大概是忽然而起的年龄的紧迫感吧。尽管我体态单弱，还未显老态，一头光润如丝的长发清汤挂面似的披在肩上，胸部挺挺的，仿佛商店里依然处在良好保质期的果子，白皙的脸颊上也还呈现着饱含水分的光泽，但是，总不能再冒充二十来岁的豆蔻年华的女孩子了。再过十来年，我就会加入她们的行列，成为走在前面的中年妇女之一了。
谁能阻挡更年期那理直气壮的脚步声呢！
我在机关里听到过有关小石的议论，嘀嘀咕咕的窃窃私语，好像是说有人看到小石曾经隔着窗户缝在暗中窥视我，对我有点那个意思。
我权当是无稽之谈。小石比我要小十来岁呢，几乎还是个吊儿郎当的大孩子，对我这样一个安分守己谨小慎微的已婚女人能有什么想法？机关里平平淡淡的漫长的一天，总得有点什么谈资或笑料，不然，再浓的茶水也会觉得乏味，提不起精神。
当然，两天以后，嘀嘀咕咕的窃窃私语声又转向别人去了。
我多少是个有些固执、疑虑且郁郁寡欢的女人，我的生活也是有条不紊一成不变，早年那些交游和谈天的爱好也日渐淡薄，这也许与我的工作性质有关。我在机关的财务处做出纳员，每天从我手里经过上百张单据，容不得我有一丝一毫的疏忽差错，异想天开心驰神往之类的辞藻从来与我的生活无缘。有一次，我正在办公室里埋头核对单据，忽然听到背后有吃吃的讪笑声，我扭过头看，是总务处新来的一个大学生。我问她笑什么，她却板着脸孔做出一副行若无事的样子，说她根本就没有笑。真是奇怪，我分明听见她在我身后讪笑，笑我什么呢？
我警惕地审视一番自己的衣裳，难道有什么不合时宜的吗？
多年来我在单位里养成了见到领导就点头致意并殷勤微笑的习惯，当领导根本没看见我似的从我身边昂首阔步走过去之后，我就在心里骂自己一次。要知道我的个头足有一米七之高啊，他怎么就看不见我呢！借着楼道里半明半昧的光线，我干咳一声，咽下一个小人物可怜的现实。
可是没办法，半小时后我又在楼道拐角处遇到另一位领导（机关里的领导实在太多了），我又讨好地点头微笑，领导视而不见走过去之后，我又在心里骂自己一次。
每天，我差不多都要为自己的讨好行为痛骂自己。我不知道为什么就是控制不住自己。
这件事使得我格外沮丧。
我曾经苦恼地对丈夫贾午诉说过这件事。那是在一天傍晚的晚饭时候，窗外的霓虹灯心怀叵测地闪着，屋里沉闷无趣，我尽量把事情说得低声细语而且详细，避免了由于愤怒的情绪所涌到唇边的任何锋利尖锐或虚构不实的字眼。听到我的话，他把左撇子手中的筷子悬在半空，嘴里的咀嚼也停下来，疑惑地凝视我的脸，看了好一阵。
他近来总是这个样子，总是疑惑地打量我，好像我是一个陌生人一样，或者，是我用一种他听不懂的语言在说话。
然后，他才慢吞吞地说，笑就笑吧，继续笑，这有什么好说的呢？
他一侧的腮帮子鼓着，囫囵吞枣，声音像是另一个人的声音。
电话铃忽然响起，他借机起身离开餐桌。
我真是后悔跟他说呀。
贾午近来对我的话愈发的少了，表情也总是怪怪的。
前些天，他竟以我夜间做梦翻身为由，搬到另一个房间去睡了。我们结婚十一年了，这还是头一次。难道就此分开了吗？
我们的性生活也提前衰老了，次数越来越少不说，即使在一起，彼此也都有些虚与委蛇，心神恍惚。四十岁上下的年龄，就如同过了一辈子的八十岁老人，没了兴致。有一次他居然说，要两个人都起劲，可真够麻烦的！瞧瞧，他连这件事都嫌麻烦了！
过了几天，贾午又从一张
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of engineering, administrative and PPE controls||Performs PCRA and chooses PPE appropriate to risk|
|Inadequate hand hygiene||Compliance with appropriate hand hygiene|
|Infected source actively coughing and sneezing unable to contain secretions||Compliance with respiratory hygiene|
|Not immunized against the circulating strain of influenza virus||Immunized against the circulating influenza virus more than two weeks prior to exposure|
Applying control measures following point-of-care risk assessment
Additional precautions are to be applied as per the organizational policies and procedures. The PCRA of the circumstances of the patient, the environment and the task to be performed determine the control measures that should be used. Control measures are at the level of HCW patient care practices and PPE in the hierarchy of controls, and may include:
- hand hygiene, ensuring point-of-care ABHR is available and used (expected as the standard of care for all HCWs in all healthcare settings)
- patient placement and accommodation, prioritizing patients with uncontained wound drainage or uncontained diarrhea into a single room or placing a patient with suspected or confirmed airborne infection into an AIIR with the door closed
- treatment of active infection
- roommate selection for shared rooms or for transport in shared ambulances (and other types of transportation, such as air ambulances, taxis), considering the immune status of patients who will potentially be exposed to certain infections (e.g., measles, mumps, rubella, varicella)
- patient flow, restricting the movement of symptomatic patients within the specific patient care area/facility or outside the facility, as appropriate, for the suspected or confirmed microbial etiology
- work assignment, considering the immune status of HCWs who will potentially be exposed to certain infections (e.g., measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella)
- personal protective equipment selection, applying PPE appropriate to the suspected or confirmed infection or colonization
- cleaning and disinfecting non-critical patient care equipment and the patient environment
- handling of linen and waste
- restricting visitor access where appropriate
- reassessing the need for continuing or discontinuing additional precautions
2. Healthcare worker control measures to reduce exposure to and transmission of infectious agents
Routine practices are a comprehensive set of IPC measures that have been developed for use in the routine care of all patients at all times in all healthcare settings. Routine practices aim to minimize or prevent HAIs in all individuals in the healthcare setting, including patients, HCWs, visitors and contractors. Routine practices address infectious agent/infected source control, susceptible host protection and environmental hygiene utilizing aspects from all components of the hierarchy of controls.
All HCWs (e.g. physicians, nurses, allied HCWs, students, volunteers and others) are responsible for complying with routine practices and for tactfully calling infractions to the attention of offenders. No one is exempt from complying with routine practices.
Patients and visitors have a responsibility to comply with routine practices where indicated. Teaching patients and visitors basic principles (e.g., hand hygiene, use of PPE) is the responsibility of all HCWs.
Routine practices—Hand hygiene
The efficacy of hand disinfection in reducing nosocomial infection, as recognized by Semmelweis in 1847, has been repeatedly reaffirmedFootnote 303, Footnote 304. Use of ABHR has been shown to reduce HAI ratesFootnote 217, Footnote 305. Hand hygiene with point-of-care ABHR is the standard of care expected in all healthcare settings and of all HCWs.
A consistent trend demonstrating a reduction in infection rates related to improved hand hygiene has been reportedFootnote 305, Footnote 306, Footnote 307, Footnote 308, Footnote 309. However, sustaining improved hand hygiene rates and the reduction of HAIs is difficult, as a return to prestudy rates often occurs once the study is completed and interventions to promote hand hygiene are discontinuedFootnote 310, Footnote 311. Refer to the PHAC IPC guideline Hand Hygiene Practices in Healthcare SettingsFootnote 217 for further information.
Routine practices—Patient placement and accommodation
Accommodation of inpatients in single rooms facilitates IPC activities. Single rooms with a private toilet, designated patient handwashing sink and designated staff handwashing sink may reduce opportunities for cross-transmission between patients, particularly when the patient has poor hygiene, contaminates the environment, or cannot comply with IPC measures because of physical, behavioural and/or cognitive impairment(s)Footnote 201, Footnote 202, Footnote 289, Footnote 290, Footnote 291, Footnote 292, Footnote 293, Footnote 294, Footnote 295, Footnote 296, Footnote 297, Footnote 297, Footnote 299, Footnote 300, Footnote 301, Footnote 302. The HCW, in consultation with bed/accommodation coordinators and/or ICP professionals, as necessary, should select the most appropriate accommodation based on the PCRA and for prioritizing use of single rooms and AIIRs, if these are scarce.
Routine practices—Patient flow
Patient flow refers to patient transfer/transport within and outside of the facility and patient activity. There is a potential for exposure to and transmission of microorganisms as a result of patient activity and transport, due to inadvertent contact with other patients, patient care items and environmental surfaces. Patients should not be transported between patient care units, departments or facilities unless medically necessary. Frequent patient transfers should be avoided, as this increases the number of interactions with staff and other patients, providing opportunities for transmission to occurFootnote 25.
Routine practices—Aseptic technique for injections and intravascular and other invasive procedures
Aseptic technique is the purposeful prevention of transfer of microorganisms from the patient's body surface to a normally sterile body site or from one person to another by keeping the microbe count to an irreducible minimum. Aseptic techniques, sometimes referred to as sterile techniques, are measures designed to render the patient's skin, supplies and surfaces maximally free from microorganisms. Such practices are used when performing procedures that expose the patient's normally sterile sites (e.g., intravascular system, spinal canal, subdural space, urinary tract) in such a manner as to keep them free from microorganisms. Components of aseptic technique prior to a procedure may involve the following: preparing the patient's skin with an antiseptic; hand hygiene, preferably with ABHR or, if not accessible, an antimicrobial soap; sterile gloves, gowns, masks, equipment, and drapes; and maintaining a sterile field.
Infections may result from failure to use proper skin antisepsis prior to injection of medications, vaccines or venipunctureFootnote 312, Footnote 313. Chlorhexidine in alcohol inactivates microorganisms on the skin more effectively than most other antiseptics, and is the preferred antiseptic for skin preparation prior to insertion of central venous catheters and pulmonary artery cathetersFootnote 314, Footnote 315, Footnote 316, Footnote 317. Evidence suggests maximal aseptic barriers (including a head cap, mask, long-sleeved sterile surgical gown, sterile gloves and large (full bed) sterile drape during insertion) reduce infection rates associated with insertion of central venous cathetersFootnote 228, Footnote 318, Footnote 319, Footnote 320, Footnote 321. As reported studies differ in their patient populations, research designs and healthcare settings, additional investigation is warranted.
Meningitis has been reported after myelography and other spinal procedures and is usually caused by respiratory flora of the person performing the procedureFootnote 322, Footnote 323, Footnote 324, Footnote 325, Footnote 326, Footnote 327, Footnote 328, Footnote 329. The failure of the operator to wear a face mask during the procedureFootnote 325, Footnote 327, Footnote 329, Footnote 330, or to wear a mask properlyFootnote 328, has been implicated. Aseptic technique for sterile procedures, such as placing a catheter or injecting material into the spinal canal or subdural space (e.g., during myelograms, lumbar puncture, intrathecal chemotherapy, and spinal or epidural anesthesia), includes hand hygiene with ABHR, preparation of the site with an antiseptic, the use of a maskFootnote 331, use of sterile gloves and maintaining a sterile field.
Drapes are used to prevent transferring microorganisms from the environment to the patient during the procedure being performed. Masks are worn to prevent microorganisms carried in the HCWs nose and mouth from contaminating the sterile field.
Appropriate aseptic technique for the insertion of urinary catheters includes sterile equipment (e.g., gloves, drapes, sponges and catheters), a sterile or antiseptic solution for cleaning the meatus and a single-use packet of sterile lubricant jelly for insertionFootnote 31.
Aseptic technique for the withdrawal of medication or other sterile substances from any vial or other containers includes hand hygiene, the use of alcohol to prepare the rubber stopper or injection port (waiting for alcohol to dry), single-use sterile needles and syringes and following manufacturer's instructions. Transmission of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus and other agents, has been related to the reuse of needles and/or syringes used to withdraw agents from multiuse vials, inappropriate use of glucose monitoring equipment, and reusing a single needle and syringe to administer medications to multiple patientsFootnote 92, Footnote 167, Footnote 168, Footnote 169, Footnote 170, Footnote 171, Footnote 172, Footnote 173, Footnote 174, Footnote 332.
Recommendations for injection safety are as followsFootnote 333:
- Do not administer medications from the same syringe to more than one patient, even if the needle is changed.
- Consider a syringe or needle to be contaminated after it has been used to enter or connect to a patient's intravenous infusion bag or administration set.
- Do not enter a vial or bag/bottle with a used syringe or needle.
- Do not use medications packaged as single-use vials for more than one patient.
- Assign medications packaged as multi-use vials to a single patient whenever possible.
- Follow proper IPC practices during the preparation and administration of injectable medications.
Routine practices—Personal protective equipment
Personal protective equipment consists of barriers worn by HCWs to protect the patient from transmission of microorganisms and to protect the HCW from exposure to bloodborne and other microorganisms (e.g., sprays of blood, body fluids, respiratory tract or other secretions or excretions). Healthcare organizations are responsible for ensuring that HCWs have access to the PPE appropriate to the work and patient care being provided and have received training on its use (as described in the role of the organization; refer to Part A, Section III, B).
Healthcare workers should be fully knowledgeable of the application and limitations of the specific PPE available for their use and be able to determine what is needed by assessing the risk of exposure to blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions, mucous membranes and non-intact skinFootnote 22, Footnote 219 during patient care interactions. The PCRA identifies hazards and enables the HCW to select PPE compatible with the hazard likely to be encountered during the patient care interaction. The selected PPE should maximize protection, with considerations for dexterity and comfort.
Performing a PCRA to determine whether PPE is necessary is also important to avoid over-reliance on PPE, misuse or waste. Over-reliance on PPE may result in a false sense of security. Misapplication or incorrect removal of PPE can result in inadvertent exposure of the HCWFootnote 334 or the patient to infectious agents or contamination of the patient's environmentFootnote 335. Wasting PPE can be avoided by maximizing the provision of clinical care during each entry into the patient's room.
The effectiveness of PPE is highly dependent on appropriate and proper use. Appropriate and proper use of PPE includes:
- point-of-care risk assessment to determine need for PPE
- using the correct technique for putting on and taking off PPE (refer to Appendix X)
- using the correct technique when wearing PPE (e.g., not to self-contaminate)
- discarding PPE into designated receptacles immediately after use, followed by hand hygiene
Routine practices—Gloves (refer also to Appendix IX)
The use of gloves is not a substitute for hand hygiene, but is an additional measure of protection. For routine practices, glove use is dependent on a PCRA of the patient, the environment and the interactionFootnote 336. Gloves are used to reduce the transmission of microorganisms from one patient to another or from one body site to another, and to reduce the risk of exposure of HCWs to blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions, mucous membranes, draining wounds and non-intact skin and for handling items or touching surfaces visibly or potentially soiledFootnote 22, Footnote 219, Footnote 337, Footnote 338. Gloves do not completely eliminate hand contaminationFootnote 337, as hands can become contaminated during the wearing of gloves through glove defects or during glove removalFootnote 339, Footnote 340, Footnote 341. Therefore, hand hygiene is necessary after the removal of gloves. Use of gloves may provide a false sense of security, leading to decreased hand hygieneFootnote 336, Footnote 342, Footnote 343, Footnote 344, Footnote 345.
It is important to assess and select the most appropriate glove to be worn for the circumstances. Glove selection should include assessment of its durability during use, the rigor and duration of the procedures being performed, the potential for exposure to infectious microorganisms or other hazardous substances and, ultimately, the safety of the user (e.g., latex allergies)Footnote 346 Factors such as comfort and fit are also important considerations.
Nonsterile disposable medical gloves for routine patient care are made from nitrile, latex or vinylFootnote 347. Powdered latex gloves have been associated with latex allergyFootnote 348. Latex-free alternatives must be used by persons with type I hypersensitivity to natural rubber and for care of patients with this type of latex allergyFootnote 346.
The barrier quality of medical examination gloves is influenced by glove material, production quality and stress during useFootnote 346, Footnote 347. Higher failure rates have been observed with vinyl gloves than with latex or nitrile gloves when tested under simulated and actual clinical conditionsFootnote 340, Footnote 341, Footnote 346, Footnote 347.
The integrity of latex gloves may be affected by the use of petroleum-based lotions or creamsFootnote 349, Footnote 350. Some ABHRs may interact with powder remaining on HCWs hands following the removal of powdered gloves and produce gritty particles on the handsFootnote 339, Footnote 341. Gloving hands that have not yet dried following the use of an ABHR may result in significant increase in glove perforationsFootnote 351.
Single-use gloves must never be washed with soap, chlorhexidine gluconate or alcohol for reuse, as washing affects their integrity and has not been shown to be effective in removing inoculated microorganismsFootnote 339, Footnote 352, Footnote 353.
The use of gloves to prevent the transmission of bloodborne pathogens is discussed in the PHAC IPC guideline Prevention and Control of Occupational Infections in Health CareFootnote 219.
Routine practices—Long-sleeved gowns and other apparel
Long-sleeved gowns are worn for routine practices, as indicated by the risk assessment, to protect uncovered skin and clothing during procedures and patient care activities likely to produce soiling or generate splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions or excretionsFootnote 22, Footnote 219. Gowns should be cuffed and cover the front and back of the HCW from the neck to mid-thigh. Gowns include isolation gowns (reusable/disposable, fluid repellent or sterile). The type of gown selected is based on the:
- anticipated degree of contact with infectious material
- potential for blood and body fluid penetration of the gown (fluid repellence when heavy liquid contamination is anticipated, such as in the operating theatre and during dialysis)
- requirement for sterility (e.g., operating theatre, central line insertion)
There is no evidence that the routine use of gowns for all patient care is beneficial in the prevention of HAIs, even in high-risk units (e.g., neonatal intensive care unit, ICU, haematopoietic stem cell transplant unit, burn unit)Footnote 354, Footnote 355, Footnote 356, Footnote 357. Universal gown use has had no effect on HAI rates in neonatalFootnote 358, Footnote 359 or paediatric ICUsFootnote 360, or on rates of neonatal colonization on postpartum wardsFootnote 361, Footnote 362.
In the laboratory setting, wearing of laboratory coats is considered PPE. Outside of the laboratory, apparel such as uniforms, laboratory coats and scrub suits may be worn by HCWs for purposes of comfort, convenience or identity, but do not have a role in the prevention of infection (i.e., they are not considered PPE). For aesthetic purposes and
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e yüksekliğindeki dalgaları sürükledi. Kurortny Bölgesi'nde iki yazlık yerleşim yerindeki evler sular altında kaldı. Şubat için durum tipik değil.
Diğer yarım kürede bulunan sonsuz buzla kaplı Antarktika'da, yerlerdeki araştırmacılar +18,3 santigrat derece ve hatta + 20,75 derece sıcaklıklar kaydetti. Komşu Şili'de artık kar yerine hava sıcak. Irak'ın başkenti Bağdat'ta ise tam tersine kar yağdı ve bir gün yattıktan sonra hemen erimedi.
Doğa açıkça "çıldırıyor", ama nedeni nedir ve bundan sonra ne bekleyebiliriz? Neden hava durumu değişiklikleri en çok Rusya'da telaffuz ediliyor?
Bu puan üzerinde bir fikir birliği yok: Görünüşe göre, iki küresel fenomen bir çarpışma rotasında birbirine doğru gidiyor. İklimbilimciler olup biteni daha önce olmuş bir iklim değişikliği olarak değerlendiriyorlar. Örneğin, Rusya Federasyonu Hidrometeoroloji Merkezi uzmanı Roman Vilfand, Rusya'da anormal bir kışı şöyle açıkladı:
Ilık kışlar, Atlantik'ten gelen güçlü bir ısı akışıyla ilişkilidir. Genellikle, hava kütlelerinin oradan doğuya transferi o kadar güçlü değildir, ancak bu yıl (kitleler) o kadar hızlı hareket ettiler ki, Urallar ve Doğu Sibirya'da oyalanacak zamanları bile yoktu. Ayrıca sıcaklık, Sibirya antisiklonunun Çin'e gitmesinden ve ayrıca kutupsal girdaptan etkilendi.
Bu nedenle, etkileyici boyutu ve rahatlığı ile Rus Ovası, alışılmadık derecede uzun bir süredir sıcak bir bölgede bulunuyor. Ancak anormallikler için astrofizikçilerden başka bir açıklama daha var. Bazıları, Küçük Buz Devri'nin yavaş yavaş Avrupa'ya ve Rusya'nın batı kısmına yaklaştığına ve önümüzdeki 40-50 yıl içinde bu bölgeleri kademeli olarak kaplayacağına inanıyor. Bütün bunlarla birlikte, "üçüncü kuvvet" de iş başındadır: doğanın kendisi, durumu ortalama yıllık sıcaklıklarda aşırı sıçramalar olmayacak şekilde normalleştirmeye çalışıyor.
Bu nedenle, iklimbilimciler, anormal derecede sıcak bir kıştan sonra ılıman veya hatta soğuk yazları tahmin ederler. Bu yıl bahar erken olacak, artıları ve eksileri olacak. Olumlu tarafı, nehirlerde kuvvetli sellerin beklenmediği, ince buzların normalden daha erken ereceği söylenebilir.
Ancak olumsuz bir yanı da var: Düşük yağış miktarı nedeniyle, toprakta yeterli nem bulunmaması, beklenmedik bir donma durumunda kış mahsulünün ölümüne yol açabilir. Nehirlerde ve diğer su kütlelerinde daha az su olması nedeniyle, balık ve sivrisinek popülasyonu% 20-30 oranında azalabilir. İnsanlar için çok rahatsız edici olan bu böcekler, kuşların beslenmesidir ve nüfusu da azalabilir.
Havadaki değişim, sağlık sorunları yaşayanlarımızı da etkileyecektir: kalp, kan damarları, solunum sistemi ve diğer kronik hastalıklar. Sağlıklı insanlar bile, iklimdeki ani değişikliklerin zemininde, bir çöküş ve uyku bozukluğu yaşayabilir.过渡时期总路线的主体是实现国家的社会主义工业化。过渡时期总路线的特点是社会主义工业化和社会主义改造同时并举，以工业化为主体，三大改造为两翼。
过渡时期总路线的基本内容是：从中华人民共和国成立，到社会主义改造基本完成，这是一个过渡时期。党在这个过渡时期的总路线和总任务，是要在一个相当长的时期内，逐步实现国家的社会主义工业化，并逐步实现国家对农业、对手工业和对资本主义工商业的社会主义改造。
党在过渡时期的总路线的主要内容可以概括为“一化三改”、“一体两翼”的总路线。“一化”，即逐步实现国家的社会主义工业化，这是主体。“三改”，即逐步实现对农业、手工业、资本主义工商业的社会主义改造，这是“两翼”。
过渡时期总路线内容是：要在一个相当长的历史时期内，基本上实现国家工业化和对农业、手工业、资本主义工商业的社会主义改造。这是国民经济发展的基本要求，又是实现三大改造的物质基础；
而实现对农业、手工业和资本主义工商业社会主义改造又是实现国家工业化的必要条件。两者互相依赖、相辅相成。社会主义建设和生产资料所有制的社会主义改造同时并举，是这条总路线的基本特点。
福中教育网所有图文来源均为互联网所得，如有侵权请联系本站删除处理。From the beginning of care, through treatment, and into recovery, we provide an experience that’s right for children and families. Children’s National Health System provides a wide range of clinical services and specialties dedicated to improving children’s health.
Retinoblastoma is a rare cancer of the retina (the innermost layer of the eye, located at the back of the eye, that receives light and images necessary for vision).
Rhabdomyosarcoma is a cancerous tumor that originates in the soft tissues of the body, including the muscles, tendons, and connective tissues.
Soft tissue sarcoma is a type of cancer that grows in soft tissues that support and connect parts of the body.
Wilms tumor, also called nephroblastoma, is a malignant (cancerous) tumor originating in the cells of the kidney. It is the most common type of renal (kidney) cancer in children and accounts for about 5 percent of all childhood cancers.An algorithm for the motion planning of the multifingered hand is proposed to generate finite displacements and changes in orientation of objects by considering sliding contacts as well as rolling contacts between the fingertip and the object at the contact point. Specifically, a nonlinear optimization problem is firstly formulated and solved to find the minimum joint velocity and the minimum contact force to impart a desired motion to the object at each time step. Then, the relative velocity at the contact point is found by calculating the velocity of the fingertip and the object at the contact point. Finally, time derivatives of the surface variables and the contact angle of the fingertip and the object at the current time step is computed using the Montana's contact equation to find the contact parameters of the fingertip and the object at the next time step. To show the validity of the proposed algorithm, a numerical example is illustrated by employing the robotic hand manipulating a sphere with three fingers each of which has four joints
Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this journal to your organisation's collection.- What is Hypogammaglobulinemia?
- Primary Hypogammaglobulinemia
- Secondary Hypogammaglobulinemia
- Transient hypogammaglobulinemia
- Agammaglobulinemia (X- linked hypogammaglobulinemia)
- Hypogammaglobulinemia diagnosis
- Hypogammaglobulinemia prognosis
- Treatment of hypogammaglobulinemia
- Secondary control of hypogammaglobulinemia
- Important information
What is Hypogammaglobulinemia?
Hypogammaglobulinemia is a medical complication brought about by a deficiency of B-cells (B-lymphocytes) in addition to a resultant decrease in the amount of antibodies (immunoglobulin) in the body system.
These antibodies play a twofold part in the body’s immune system by allowing alien antigens besides generating a genetic response that ultimately results in the eradication of those antigens. A reduction in the amount of antibodies in the body is linked to periodic infections by particular forms of bacteria. A case of pure B-lymphocyte disorder, the immunity state in the cells is integral and recurrence of bacterial, fungal and viral infections does not rise up.
The most frequently experienced congenital complications of the B-cells are Hypogammaglobulinemia, (also referred to as Common Variable Immunodeficiency or common variable hypogammaglobulinemia) Agammaglobulinemia (X- linked), IgA Deficiency and Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy.
Antibodies are key proteins responsible for tagging disease-causing pathogens for damage. Decrease in the level of antibodies in the body leaves a person exposed to attack by infections. Decrease in the amount of antibodies leads to Hypogammaglobulinemia.
Generally, there are 2 kinds of lymphocytes. While T-lymphocytes are responsible for the destruction of the disease-causing organisms, B-lymphocytes manufacture the specific antibodies that cling on the attacking organism, thereby hinting the T-lymphocytes as well as other defense cells to group and attack those foreign organisms.
Primary hypogammaglobulinemia is brought about by damage to the B-cells. This may be as a result of cancer chemotherapy. It is should be clear that cancer directly damages the bone marrow, which is the location for the production of B-cells. It may also be brought about by a genetic complication that renders all the produced antibodies useless.
Primary hypogammaglobulinemia is brought about by a disorder that indirectly hinders the manufacture or action of the antibodies. This can be a very excruciating condition because it can lead to the depletion of all amounts of the remaining antibodies.
Occasionally, newly born babies suffer from a decrease in the amount of antibodies since their respective immune systems are not sufficiently mature to manufacture antibodies. Subsequently, newly born babies depend on the amount of antibodies transferred to them from their respective mothers during the pregnancy or via the diet after birth.
Common Variable Immunodeficiency is one of the key causes of Hypogammaglobulinemia. It results in a decrease in the level of IgM, IgA, and IgG kinds of immunoglobulins in the body system. It is a deficiency in the immune system which is either inherited (congenital hypogammaglobulinemia) or acquired ( acquired hypogammaglobulinemia) . In most scenarios, the family medical history does not matter. Nevertheless, in scenarios where two or more members of the family are diagnosed with the condition, a two atypical gene type of inheritance can be a possibility. In approximately 5 percent of the scenarios, at least one member of the family is said to lack the IgA immunoglobulin.
Deficiency of the IgA type of immunoglobulin is the most widespread of all deficiency disorders that affect the antibodies. However, it is evidenced in roughly 1 person out of 700. Periodic infections can affect up to half of patents suffering from IgA deficiency disorder. However, majority of the affected persons may not be in any health problem. A number of patients experience symptoms of hypogammaglobulinemia after having an ordinary infancy. Infections of the gastrointestinal tract and the lower and upper sections of the respiratory tract are not uncommon. Individuals with imperceptible amounts of IgA immunoglobulin risk intense hypersensitivity in case they are given any blood or its products.
Agammaglobulinemia (X- linked hypogammaglobulinemia)
This is a hereditary disease characterized by low amounts of defensive proteins of the immune system known as immunoglobulins. Individuals experiencing this disease frequently suffer various infections.
While both sexes can experience this condition, the males are at a higher risk. It is brought about by atypical genes that hinder the growth of healthy B-cells. Subsequently, the immune system receives low amounts of immunoglobulins. Immunoglobulins are responsible for the protection of the body against infections and illness.
Lack of the defensive immunoglobulins leads to frequent infections and illnesses. Individuals affected by this condition are specifically vulnerable to attack by bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae as well as staphylococci. They may also be attacked by frequent viral infections. Examples of the most affected regions include the skin, lungs, respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract. Individuals experiencing this complication possibly have a family past characterized by immune disorders like Agammaglobulinemia.
Some of the frequent infections that are experienced include:
- Infections of the respiratory tract
- Infections of the skin
- Pneumonic infections
- Infections of the middle ear (otitis media)
- Infection of the eye (conjunctivitis)
Normally, these infections affect individuals before they reach the age of 4. Additional infections are a mysterious asthma as well as bronchiectasis, which is a disorder that is characterized by destruction and expansion of the tiny air sacs found in the lungs.
Bruton disease is a condition whose symptoms are evidenced between the age of 7 and 9 months due to a significant decrease in the level of motherly antibodies. The condition which results in frequent infections by bacteria affects males only. Some of the frequently experienced infections include pneumonia, sinusitis, and otitis media. Frequently, the patients may also experience feeble or little lymph nodes and tonsils. About fifteen percent of these patients suffer death due to infections before they reach the age of 20.
Causes of hypogammaglobulinemia
As you are already aware, hypogammaglobulinemia results from a decrease in the manufacture of white blood cells and immunoglobulins in the body system. Its can also be caused by secondary factors.
Secondary factors that cause hypogammaglobulinemia must be evaluated before a patient can be diagnosed as having the condition.
Secondary hypogammaglobulinemia can also be a result of decrease in proteins brought about by enteropathy. This condition is linked to a reduction in the level of albumin plus imprecise loss of serum protein.
T-type of cells may also reduce due to enteropathies.
Diagnosis of hypogammaglobulinemia starts with a physical test and evaluation of the patient’s family medical history. Normally,
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tri, traghetta il lettore oltre gli eoni del tempo.
La storia si apre infatti con il messaggino di una chat privata (forse un whatsapp, chissà) che Francesca, una giornalista di una testata locale, invia a Claudio, un quarantenne ricercatore precario del CNR di Pisa, esperto di crittografia e blockchain, inviato dal suo professore “rompiballe” a gestire un intervento informatico in un’abbazia toscana che ha recentemente subito un attacco hacker. È così che Claudio ritrova, in un file cifrato, l’incredibile storia dell’uomo che sedusse la Gioconda.
La ricerca della Verità che il protagonista affronta per tutta la seconda metà del libro è piena di colpi di scena avvincenti, quasi cinematografici.
La riflessione sull'Uomo, sulla Storia, sul Destino e sulla stessa Verità contenuta nel finale – che ovviamente non svelerò – si presta secondo me a diverse chiavi di lettura il cui portachiavi è nelle sole mani del lettore.Creator: Radefeld, Carl Christian Franz, 1788-1874
Description: Map shows western boundary of Texas encompassing Santa Fe, eastern boundary encompassing area of Louisiana along the Red River and into the Mississippi River delta; major cities and towns, and areas of Native American habitation by tribe [with population statistics]. Relief shown by hachures. Scale [ca. 1:7,200,000].
Contributing Partner: University of Texas at Arlington LibraryAnimal: Saber-toothed tiger Found in: North and South America Status: Extinct Class: Prehistoric Weight: Same as between 22,000-160,000 2x4 LEGO® bricks Height: 20-30 minifigures Fun Facts * They mostly hunted and ate plant-eating animals like horses, bison – even mastodons. * The saber-toothed tiger is not related to the tigers we know today. It belonged to a species which is now extinct: Nimravidae. Here, kitty-kitty-kitty A saber-toothed tiger must have been an impressive sight. It is one of the largest animals in the cat family that has ever lived. Its canine teeth grew up to 20 cm (8 inches)! That’s enough to turn almost any prey into an all you can eat buffet… Don’t judge a cat by its canines Just because you have razor-sharp teeth, you can still be nice to others. Saber-toothed tigers lived and hunted in packs like many cat families do today. They would bring food to the young cubs, old, injured or sick in the pack.
Arctic Ice Crawler
Arctic Ice Crawler Top speed: 10 km/hr (6 mph) Horsepower: 150-160 Features: - Posable legs for maximum stability - articulated arm with opening claw gripper for heavy-duty lifting Cool-ometer: 5/5 Gadgets to bring for adventures: - Something hot to drink – it can get a little chilly in the cockpit! - A circular saw if you want to cut smaller pieces from the ice. Crawler cranes and excavators are the ultimate 4x4 vehicles and perfect for rough ice terrain research. You can drive them up and down slopes, steep ravines, and crevasses, and they can lift tons of ice. The LEGO City explorers fondly calls their Arctic Ice Crawler “Scorpio Sally”.
How fast is a Fire Truck?
Fire Trucks are big vehicles, carrying heavy equipment and a whole crew of strong, brave firefighters! Did you know that an average Fire Truck has 550 horse power?! That’s like 550 horses all lined up, attached to a truck, running at the same time – that’s a lot! A typical family car, like the one your parents drive or the one you ride in on your way to school has the power of about 140 horses. How would you add even more power to a Fire Truck if you were to build one? Would you add extra engines, or maybe bigger wheels? Comment below with your ideas!
Arctic animals: Woolly Mammoth
Animal: Mammoth Found in: North America, Russia, Europe, Asia Status: Extinct Class: Prehistoric Weight: Same as 2.4 million 2x4 LEGO® bricks Height: 280-354 LEGO bricks tall Fun Facts * Studies of woolly mammoth poop show that they loved plants like buttercups or dandelions. * The large lumps of fat on the mammoth’s back worked as a built-in lunch box. They kept the mammoth supplied with energy in harsh winters when there was very little food around. Who wants a mammoth as a pet? One of your great-great-great-great (add a lot more greats here) grandparents may have met a mammoth. But scientists know that humans hunted mammoths in North America – most likely for food – so they probably weren’t kept as pets. Do you have a woolly mammoth in your back yard? In 2012, 11-year-old Yevgeny Salinder from Russia found the remains of a 16-year-old male mammoth that died about 30,000 years ago! Maybe you should check your garden? (Make sure you ask your parents first…)（宗禾）责任编辑：朱马烈
该发言人称，“最终，这些乘客乘坐了不久后的下一班飞机。
这里气候寒凉，雨量充沛，山泉广布，山势雄伟，景色秀丽。
山脚城墙为阶梯式，保存较好，陡峭之处将砖砌垛口砌在山岩之上。
火把节是彝族最具特色的民族节日，为每年农历的六月二十四日。
喀什国际客运枢纽中心建成后，将开通发往巴基斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦3个国家4个口岸的7条国际客运班线，发往兰州、成都、重庆等国内跨省长途线路。
元代时，寺庙颓败，又于泰定三年（1326年）重建，明清两代又几次修葺、保留至今。This image was taken on March 09, 2013, and received on Earth March 10, 2013, by NASA's Cassini spacecraft. The camera was pointing toward Rhea at approximately 1,727 miles (2,779 kilometers) away, and the image was taken using the CL1 and CL2 filters.
This image has not been validated or calibrated. A validated/calibrated image will be archived with the NASA Planetary Data System in 2014.
For more information on raw images check out our Frequently Asked Questions section.
Scientists are still trying to understand some of the curious features they see in this image, including a curving, narrow fracture or graben, which is a block of ground lower than its surroundings and bordered by cliffs on either side. This feature looks remarkably recent, cutting most of the craters it crosses, with only a few small craters superimposed.
The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute殷海光（1919—1969），湖北黄冈人，本名殷福生，海光是笔名。1942年毕业于西南联大哲学系，考取清华大学哲学研究所研究生，师从金岳霖先生。 ——编者
现在不知道李敖的人可能不多，但知道李敖的老师殷海光先生的人恐怕就不是很多了。
殷海光先生
殷海光（前排左1）与胡适（中排左5）等合影
殷海光被誉为台湾自由主义的开山人物与启蒙大师，李敖称之为“五四之后中国最后一个知识分子”。
翻译大学教材的中学生
现在我们一提到殷海光，首先想到的是自由主义。但此前，他的学术兴趣完全在逻辑学上，尽管他在逻辑学研究上并没有做出像他的老师金岳霖那样的惊人的成绩。
殷海光对逻辑学的兴趣源于中学时代。由于受张申府主编的《世界思潮》的影响，殷海光醉心于西方学者的思想，也爱屋及乌地惊羡于逻辑的力量。当时，一位在清华大学念书的同乡从北平带给他一本厚厚的逻辑书，书中弯弯曲曲的符号让这位少年着了迷。这就是由金岳霖为清华大学哲学系学生编写的讲义《逻辑》。
也是初生牛犊不怕虎，殷海光直接致信金岳霖，希望有更多收获。结果远远超出他的期待，大教授不仅回信答复了他的问题，还表示欣赏其见解，同时告诉他有哪些书可以寄来供他阅读。这段学术史上的佳话开启了金、殷二人以后长期的师生关系。
金的长者风范极大地鼓励了渴望求知的殷海光。1935年，16岁的殷海光订购到查普曼和罕勒合著的《逻辑基本》，如获至宝，仔细读完这本书后，决心把它翻译成中文。一个中学生，在几门功课不及格的情形下，居然要翻译一本与高中功课毫无关系的大学用书，这种举动自是遭到家人的一致反对。还好，他中学的老师很支持他。于是，在漫天飘雪的日子里，他开始了平生第一次学术上的尝试。经过历时半年的努力，他将这本厚达417页的书译成中文，并写出15000字的“译者引语”，于1937年由正中书局出版。
在此之前，他还将“译者引语”的主要内容改写成《逻辑和逻辑学究竟是什么》，由金岳霖推荐发表于张东荪主编的《文哲月刊》。难能可贵的是，面对各位前辈，17岁的殷海光毫无惧色，对金岳霖、吴士栋、沈有鼎、张东荪等人的著述逐一进行了点评。
1936年秋，高中毕业的殷海光在金岳霖的鼓励下北上求学。由于没能赶上当年的入学考试，他只能住下来待来年再考。他所带旅资极为有限，在北平的生活差不多全靠金岳霖维持。但他在北平这一年的经历对他人格的塑造有着重要意义。他每周和金岳霖见面一次，一起吃饭，谈学问。不知不觉中，大师的风范已经深深地感染了这位刚从小县城走出来的少年。
殷海光一生都记得他第一次和金岳霖见面时的情景。年少轻狂的他，谈起话来满口都是“我认为一定怎样……”“我敢说如何……”，但金岳霖在陈述自己的看法时总是说：“如果怎样，那么怎样”，“或者……”，“可能……”。大学者的谦逊令年少的殷海光大为感动。
主笔《中央日报》
1937年夏天，就在殷海光准备报考清华哲学系的时候，中日战争爆发了，他的大学梦化为了泡影。金岳霖给了他50元钱路费，殷海光回到了故乡。次年春天，当获悉清华大学与北京大学、南开大学在昆明合组西南联大时，殷海光决定前往昆明求学，继续追随金先生。
殷海光在西南联大度过了7年漫长的岁月，这期间，他接触最多的人当然还是金岳霖。不过，殷海光终生引以为憾的便是，在这段宝贵的青年时代，他没有能静下心来苦做学问，相反，却因为政治上的浮动，卷入校园内种种政治活动。他曾经感慨道：“当时在昆明西南联大校园内，真是‘各党各派’，
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�وانده می شد. افسران به طور معمول به شمشیر و تپانچه سواره نظام مسلح بودند. سربازان دارای یک تپانچه و سرنیزه بودند. افسران رده پایین یک شیمشیر شینای حمل می کردند.
کمپیتای؛ پلیس مخوف ژاپن
کمپیتای که در اواخر قرن نوزدهم به عنوان نیروی زبده پلیس نظامی برای ارتش ژاپن سازماندهی شد، به یک نیروی امنیتی مخوف تبدیل شد که وظایفی فراتر از نظارت و کنترل ارتش بر عهده داشت.
از جمله مسئولیت های آنها اجرای خدمت اجباری بود که در زمان معرفی با مقاومت هایی در ژاپن مواجه شد. این مساله به ویژه در مناطق روستایی که در آن سربازگیری از مردان جوان برای خانواده های کشاورز دشواری های زیادی ایجاد می کرد، مشهودتر بود.
کمپیتای همچنین فعالیت های جاسوسی نظامی و ضد جاسوسی انجام می داد. کمپیتای اغلب بر فعالیت های پلیس معمولی ارجحیت داشت زیرا شرایط ژاپن در زمان جنگ جهانی دوم به اندازه ای نظامی شده بود که بسیاری از موارد نقض قانون و نظم تحت صلاحیت رسیدگی توسط پلیس نظامی قرار می گرفت.
فعالیت در کشورهای دیگر
در زمان جنگ بیش از ۱۰ هزار افسر و سرباز کمپیتای درون مرزهای ژاپن فعالیت می کردند و غیرنظامیان و همچنین سربازان را زیر نظر داشتند. کمپیتای کنترل و سرکوب شدیدتری بر مردم کشورهای تحت اشغال ژاپن مانند کره، منچوری، چین و اندونزی اعمال می کرد.
در کشورهای اشغالی، افسران کمپیتای از اختیارات گسترده ای برخوردار بودند که از آن جمله می توان به حق بازداشت، محکوم کردن و اعدام غیرنظامیان مظنون و همچنین اسرای جنگی که از دستورات سرپیچی کرده یا برای فرار تلاش می کردند، اشاره کرد.
شکنجه یکی از ابزارهای نیروهای کیمپتای برای اعتراف گیری بود. نیروهای پلیس نظامی ژاپن اغلب خیلی سریع رفتار خشونت آمیز با مظنونان را آغاز می کردند تا در کوتاه ترین زمان به نتیجه برسند.
بسیاری از افرادی که در کشورهای تحت اشغال ژاپن توسط پلیس نظامی این کشور دستگیر می شدند، سرنوشتی جز مرگ نداشتند. بر اساس آموزه هایی که ریشه در دوران سامورایی ها داشتند، سربازان ژاپنی نه تنها باید تا سر حد مرگ برای امپراتور خود می جنگیدند، بلکه باید با افرادی که با نظام امپراتوری این کشور وارد جنگ شده نیز برخورد کرده و آنها را بکشند.
نیروهای کمپیتای زنان را در کشورهای اشغالی مجبور می کردند تا به عنوان روسپی برای سربازان ژاپنی خدمت کنند. کیمپتای همچنین در شکل گیری واحد ۷۳۱ نقش داشت. این واحد از غیرنظامیان و اسرای جنگی به عنوان موش های آزمایشگاهی در آزمایشهای پزشکی خطرناک استفاده می کرد.Questo sito web contiene assortimento di immagini e foto colorare i bambini Vi presentiamo molti stili di immagini: animali, cartoni animati, fiori , frutta, carattere , case, trasporti, attività sportive e molti altri fotografie kinfolk con il mondo dei bambini.
Colorare Arcobaleno A Colori E Stampa è un modo eccellente per intrattenere i bambini in una giornata piovosa o in un viaggio. Una volta che i bambini capiscono le basi, possono colorare i loro cuori con poca supervisione richiesta dai genitori, dalle madri e dai papà e dalle mamme e dai papà. Oltre a occupare il tempo e l'immaginazione di un bambino, la manipolazione delle matite può preparare il cervello e le mani del bambino. bambino con le abilità per imparare a scrivere. Sebbene un adulto possa sentire che il cielo deve sempre essere blu e che l'erba è verde, un bambino sperimenterà i colori Arcobaleno A Colori E Stampa. Assicurati di mostrare l'orgoglio di tuo figlio nel creare un punto sul frigorifero per la sua migliore opera d'arte.
Tuttavia , consolazione quando concezione Arcobaleno A Colori E Stampa, resto tra la lista di cose che può essere molto interessato Ansioso. Un esempio è , aggiustando Arcobaleno A Colori E Stampa configurazioni, assicurati che un chic e moderno stampa . Non essere soddisfatto di questo, piano è allo stesso modo benefico per ottimizzare la funzione Arcobaleno A Colori E Stampa Funzione.
Uno dei vantaggi dell'insegnamento ai bambini Arcobaleno A Colori E Stampa per identificare colori diversi. Mentre ogni bambino dovrebbe conoscere i colori di fondazione rosso, verde, blu, rosa, giallo, ci sono buone ragioni per insegnargli i nomi di tonalità in aggiunta oscuro. Confrontando diversi gruppi linguistici, gli scienziati hanno dimostrato che se una lingua non ha un nome di colore, l'oratore dovrebbe avere altro per distinguere le stesse tonalità di colore. Se un bambino non impara mai a riconoscere la differenza tra un bianco brillante e un guscio d'uovo (o rosa e rosa, fucsia e rosso), potrebbe non essere mai in grado di diventare un adulto per distinguerli. Discutere e sottolineare le sottili differenze tra le grandi scatole di matite è quindi un'importante opportunità cognitiva. Quando un bambino sta colorando Arcobaleno A Colori E Stampa è spesso tecniche competenze. Nonostante tutto , il colore è un eccellente azione chi può aiutare piccoli bambini abilità competenze. Corretto miglioramento dei loro alta qualità motore abilità può aiutare figli dopo quando impara cose come comporre , vestito e potenza . il 1 esperienza lavorativa in Conoscere commento strumento. Un bambino Studio comment dipingere nel ceppi di a foglio da colorare insegna la coordinazione occhio-mano e focus che può aiutare profitto come loro sono costruire la loro creazione skills competenze. Quando piccoli bambini avere la capacità di color nel tracce il est un elemento essenziale Passaggio importante.When applying to Independent Schools, ISEE test scores truly matter and hold a lot of weight when being considered for admission. Admissions officers say that there is a cutoff score that they require for admission. In order to prepare your child for the Private School Admission Test, it is important to start test preparation early, and working with a private tutor ensures that your child will learn the test-taking strategies necessary for maximum score improvement.
Standardized admissions tests are part of the drill in most private school admissions offices. Why is that? Because the school needs to know what you know and don’t know academically.
The SSAT and ISEE are the two most commonly used admissions tests. They measure your language and math skills. How do the admissions offices use the test scores which the testing organizations send them? Largely for comparison purposes. For example, if a school has an applicant pool with an average verbal score of 600 and yours is 700, you will be at the top of the list in that one aspect of all the factors the school looks at. Conversely, if your quantitative score is 550 and the pool average is 750, you will be at or near the bottom of the list in that comparison.
Bear in mind that the admissions office looks at many things when it reviews your application. If teacher recommendations corroborate the test score results, that is a very strong plus or minus for you. For example, if you scored well in the verbal section of the SSAT and your teacher writes glowing comments about your language arts skills, that will improve your chances significantly. The reverse is also true. A poor quantitative score combined with a weak or vague reference from your math teacher (“Johnny has challenges with his math lessons.”) won’t help your case.15 Kasım 2021’de ABD’li yetkililer, Dünya yakınlarında yörüngede tehlikeli yeni bir enkaz alanı tespit ettiklerini açıkladılar. Günün ilerleyen saatlerinde, Rusya’nın bir uydu karşıtı silah testinde eski uydularından birini imha ettiği doğrulandı. Wendy Whitman Cobb bir uzay güvenliği araştırmacısıdır. Bu silahların ne olduğunu ve yarattıkları enkazın neden şimdi ve gelecekte bir sorun olacağını açıklıyor.
Biz ne biliyoruz?
Rusya, eski uydularından birini yok eden bir uydu karşıtı test başlattı. Uydu parçalandı ve yörüngede, boyutları küçük beneklerden birkaç metre çapındaki parçalara kadar değ
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نصاری و صدرا با ظرفیت 17 فضای پارک دوچرخه در محوطه این مدارس نصب شد.
به گزارش روابط عمومی سازمان حمل و نقل و ترافیک شهرداری قزوین، سعید جهانگیری افزود: به منظور ترویج فرهنگ دوچرخه سواری بین شهروندان اقدامات متنوعی انجام می شود که یکی از آن ها نصب ایستگاه های دوچرخه در مدارس پسرانه و تقدیر از دانش آموزان دوچرخه سوار است.
وی عنوان کرد: این بار به منظور تقدیر و ترغیب دانش آموزان مدارس پسرانه صدرا و شهید انصاری به استفاده هر چه بیشتر از دوچرخه در ترددهای درون شهری به ویزه طی کردن مسافت خانه تا مدرسه، ایستگاه های دوچرخه مورد نیاز در محوطه این مدارس نصب شده است.
مدیرعامل سازمان حمل و نقل و ترافیک شهرداری قزوین تصریح کرد: با توجه به فضایی که در محوطه این مدارس وجود داشت، ایستگاه دوچرخه مدرسه شهید انصاری 7 و ایستگاه دوچرخه مدرسه صدرا 10 فضای پارک دارد.
جهانگیری خاطرنشان کرد: نصب ایستگاه های دوچرخه در مدارس پسرانه شهر قزوین با درخواست مدیران مدارس و موافقت سازمان انجام می شود.
وی یادآور شد: در سال های اخیر به منظور تشویق دانش آموزان به استفاده از دوچرخه، ایستگاه دوچرخه در بیشتر مدارس سطح شهر نصب شده است.
پایان پیام/Probabilmente per una volta venuto in mente di comprare giocattoli del sesso, ma probabilmente andato oltre la fase di riflessione. E le merci intime, nel frattempo, sono popolari in tutto il mondo, e non solo tra le persone singole, ma anche tra le coppie con abbastanza ricca vita sessuale.
Attualmente, giocattoli del sesso, in molti casi, interpreta il ruolo di un mezzo per far fronte con il peso di problemi sessuali. Ma per la maggior parte delle persone il potere di pregiudizio è molto più forte del fatti e le affermazioni terapeuta. Specialisti per creare il tuo elenco di motivi che impediscono ad una persona di acquisire un giocattolo sessuale.
Sindrome Failure
Il compratore al venditore blush dolorosamente immaginare cosa pensa la gente. A questo punto, sembra che al momento dell'acquisto di giocattoli del sesso rivelare la vostra inadeguatezza sessuale. Tali timori sono ingiustificati. Sessuologi sottolineare che l'uso di giocattoli per adulti una persona ha la possibilità di divertirsi, di scarico. Inoltre, i giocattoli del sesso permettono di esplorare la loro sessualità, per capire meglio ciò che si desidera.
Sindrome pervertito
Un sacco di persone che soggiornano nel potere del pregiudizio, che li può ostacolare nella loro vita sessuale. Se si è abituati all'idea che è vergognoso di esprimere i loro desideri sessuali, l'uso di oggetti sessuali può causare ad avere emozioni contrastanti.
La gamma dei giocattoli del sesso è ormai abbastanza ampio, e si concentra su uomini e donne. Ma alcune persone associano giocattoli sessuali con un orientamento omosessuale, tuttavia, non è vero. Esperimenti con giocattoli del sesso di solito indicano la presenza di una buona immaginazione, il desiderio di novità.
Vedi anche: Gli errori più comuni uomini per il sesso
Sindrome socio concorrenza
Alcune persone temono che se il loro partner a utilizzare un giocattolo del sesso, quindi un interesse perdere in una persona viva. Il ragionamento in questo caso suona come questo: se una donna ottiene un orgasmo regolarmente con un giocattolo, allora, infatti, il motivo per cui l'uomo. In questa situazione, sembra più ragionevole non incolpare il giocattolo, e chiedetevi se soddisfare la relazione sessuale voi e il vostro partner. Nonostante un sacco di vantaggi tecnici giocattoli sessuali svaniscono prima umanamente possibile, non siamo in grado di sostituire l'affetto e il calore di contatto intimo quando si comunica con un partner.
Vedi anche: Superare la noia sessuale
Gli esperti dicono che. che non è vietato utilizzare i giocattoli del sesso nella loro vita sessuale, ma non dimenticate che questa è - solo giocattoli. Ho amato si dovrebbe rimanere in primo luogo - sempre.طبق مطالعه محققان دانشگاه جورجیا آمریکا، فتالیت ها مواد شیمیایی ای هستند که در بسیاری از محصولات روزمره از پلاستیک ها گرفته تا لاک و صابون یافت می شوند و به آنها ویژگی کشسانی می بخشند. حال تحقیقات جدید نشان می دهد که این مواد شیمیایی می توانند برای سلامت افراد نیز مضر باشند.
«لی این»، سرپرست تیم تحقیق، در این باره می گوید: «قرارگیری در معرض فتالیت می تواند رابطه نزدیکی با افزایش ابتلا به انواع بیماری های گوناگون داشته باشد.»
از آنجائیکه در مطالعات قبلی مقداری فتالیت در مایعات انسانی یافت شد، محققان خواستند به بررسی این موضوع بپردازند که ایا ترکیب بنزیل بوتیل فتالیت (BBP) بر روی تجمع چربی در سلول ها تاثیر دارد.
محققان با استفاده از سلول های موش، در محیط آزمایشگاه مدل های برای آنالیز قرارگیری در معرض BBP و تاثیر آن بر انباشت چربی های موسوم به لیپید در سلول ها ایجاد کردند.
به گفته محققان، علاوه بر عوامل ژنتیکی، عوامل محیطی هم می توانند در چاقی نقش داشته باشند.
مطالعات نشان می دهد ماده شیمیایی BBP موجب انباشت قطرات لیپید در سلول ها شده و در نتیجه فرد چاق می شود.ATI has launched recently its new chip family, Radeon X1900, formerly known as R580. It is based on Radeon X1800 core, but brings a few new features that are worth mentioning. In this article we will explore the main differences between Radeon X1900 and Radeon X1800 families.
As stated, Radeon X1900 is based on Radeon X1800 architecture. To better understand Radeon X1800 family, please read our article ATI Radeon X1000 Series.
While Radeon X1800 chips have 16 pixel shader processors, Radeon X1900 brings 48 pixel shader processor. Yes, you read it right. It has three times more pixel shader processors than Radeon X1800 and two times more than NVIDIA’s GeForce 7800 GTX.
The architecture of this new chip family you can see in Figure 1.
click to enlarge
Figure 1: Radeon X1900 architecture.
As you can see, the only difference between this architecture and Radeon X1800’s is the number of pixel shader cores (in orange). Each ”quad core“, as ATI calls them, holds four pixel shader processors. So you will see 12 of these quad cores in Figure 1.
The architecture of each Radeon X1900 pixel shader processor is the same as Radeon X1800, as you can see in Figure 2.
click to enlarge
Figure 2: Inside a Radeon X1900 pixel shader unit.
Fetch4 Shadow Map Acceleration
One new feature from Radeon X1900 is what ATI calls Fetch4, a technology to accelerate shadow maps. Shadow map is a technique to create more realistic shadow effects.
From ATI technical paper: ”This method of rendering shadows works by first rendering the scene from the point of view of a shadow-casting light source. The results are not displayed, but instead stored in a special shadow map texture where each value represents the distance of the nearest object to the light source. The scene is then rendered from the standard viewpoint, and each pixel is checked against the shadow map to determine if there are any objects between it and the light source. If the result is true, the pixel is in shadow and can be darkened, otherwise it is lit normally“.
Fetch4 technology allows the GPU to sample simultaneously four values from adjacent areas when dealing with shadow maps, thus increasing texture sampling rate by a factor of four when processing this kind of texture.
Another difference between Radeon X1900 and Radeon X1800 is that X1900 has 50% more on-chip memory for hierarchical Z than X1800, which should improve performance on games played in very high resolutions such as 1920x1200, 2048x1536 and 2560x1600.
So far two models were released: Radeon X1900 XT, working at 550 MHz and accessing its memory at 1.45 GHz (46.4 GB/s transfer rate), and Radeon X1900 XTX, working at 650 MHz and accessing its memory at 1.55 GHz (49.6 GB/s transfer rate). Both access their memories at 256-bit rate.
Radeon X1900 = Radeon X1800 + more pixel shader processors + Fetch4 shadow map acceleration + 50% more on-chip memory for hierarchical Z.Jüpiter’in Eteği açıklamasını incele, en uygun fiyatlar ile satın al.
Gökyüzüne baktığınızda, görebiliyorsunuz onu. Bir ışık topu, Jüpiter, güngörmüş bir gezegen. Ama daha yakından bakanlar, bir de etek görüyorlar belinde. Peki, bu etek nereden gelmiş? İşte bu küçük kitap bu neşeli gezegeni ve onun güzel fırfırl
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every situation. When you ask the right kinds of questions your mind will be directed towards things that can help you move forward. However, if you ask the wrong kinds of questions, your mind will lead you astray and you might actually end up sabotaging yourself time-and-again.
To get into the habit of asking more effective questions, please have a read of How to Ask Better Questions.
As you take action towards your desired outcomes, it’s important to maintain a confident physiology no matter what kinds of setbacks you face. Remember that “motion creates emotion”. Therefore the motion of your body can either create positive energy, or it can rob you of your energy.
For more information about how to make full use of your physiology, please have a read of Developing a Physiology of Excellence.
Relapse Stage > Contemplation Stage
It’s very possible that as you move through this process that you are likely to relapse into old habits and behaviors that push you right back into your comfort zone. This is in fact normal and a natural part of the process of change. It’s therefore paramount that you are prepared to learn from these moments in order to rebuild the momentum you need to move forward once again.
When you experience a relapse, ask yourself:
Why did I relapse?
What motivated me to fall back into my old habitual patterns?
What triggered these behaviors? Limiting beliefs? Fears? Unhelpful thoughts?
What can I learn from this experience?
How can I use this experience to do better the next time around?
It’s important to keep in mind that there might very well be old habits, beliefs and patterns of behavior that will push you right back into your comfort zone. These are the things you must be most vigilant about. And they are also the things that you must successfully work-through if you desire to make these changes in your life.
If for instance you have a number of unhelpful thoughts or limiting beliefs holding you back, then it might be worthwhile spending some time reframing this “relapse scenario” in a different way that might make it more advantageous for you moving forward. Ask yourself:
What is good about this relapse? About this belief? About this behavior? About this thought?
How is it advantageous that I fell back into my old patterns of behavior?
What positive opportunities does this now present me with?
How could I view this experience in a more helpful way?
These questions might not get you the answers you are after every single time, however what they will do is stimulate your imagination and get you thinking about things in a different way. Therefore instead of feeling guilty or indulging in victim mentality, you now free yourself to consider other perspectives and ways of viewing things that might work to your advantage. For more information about the process of reframing, please have a read of How to Reframe Your Thoughts.
When you relapse it’s also important that you disassociate yourself emotionally from your experience, especially when things are not going your way. This of course may not be easy, however it is important because disassociating yourself will remove all emotional attachments, and as such you will be free to think more objectively about your situation.
To help disassociate yourself emotionally, focus on the process of change, and not on your end goal. Also be mindful of the moment and get yourself back on track one step at a time. You might even need to return to the contemplation stage once again in order to rethink your strategy moving forward. And this is perfectly normal. Take your time and be flexible in your approach. And above all else remember that every failed attempt is another step closer to your desired outcome.
Finally, as you return back to the contemplation stage, you might realize that you simply don’t have enough knowledge, experience or the necessary skills to move through this change successfully. Ask yourself:
Am I lacking any knowledge or experience that could help me here?
Would acquiring some new skills be helpful?
What other resources and tools might I need to help me do better next time?
Whom could I ask for advice and assistance?
Sometimes all it takes is a little knowledge and guidance to help you find your way once again.
The maintenance stage is where your comfort zone has successfully expanded into new territories. What previously caused you discomfort no longer feels uncomfortable because it is now part of your new expanded comfort zone. However, this process can take some time. After all, it normally takes four or more weeks of consistent effort to establish a new habit that feels comfortable and manageable.
You need to of course become very familiar with solving new problems and handling circumstances that lie outside your comfort zone before this comfort zone successfully expands into new territories. And this does take time. However, with commitment, dedication and effort on your part, you can certainly make some incredible positive changes in your life. And with that in mind, I wish you the greatest of success on this incredible journey.
Time to Assimilate these Concepts
Did you gain value from this article? Would you like to keep these concepts at the forefront of your mind? If so, then you might like to download the accompanying mind map reference poster to your iPad, tablet or computer. The map presents you with a quick overview of this article. It’s designed specifically to help improve your memory and recall of this information so that you can better integrate these concepts into your daily thoughts, habits and actions. Your purchase will also go a long way towards supporting the further development of these maps.
If you enjoy using these mind maps, then why not become an IQ Matrix lifetime member where you will gain access to an ever growing library of hundreds of self-growth mind maps that can help you excel in every area of life. Find out more by clicking on the banner below.
Gain More Knowledge…
Here are some additional links and resources that will help you learn more about this topic:
- 3 Creative Ways to Step Out of Your Comfort Zone @ Entrepreneur
- 3 Small Habits that will Help You to Move Out of Your Comfort Zone @ The Positivity Blog
- 6 Reasons You Should Love Stretching Your Comfort Zone @ Pick the Brain
- Breaking Free from Your Comfort Zone @ Psychology Today
- Do You Want Comfort or Growth? @ Steve Pavlina
- From Comfort Zone to Courage Zone @ Psychology Today
- How Comfort is Killing You @ A Daring Adventure
- How to Step Outside Your Comfort Zone and Try Something New @ Wise Bread
- Why Fear of Discomfort Might be Ruining Your Life @ Zen Habits
- Why Frequent Trips Outside Your Comfort Zone Are So Important @ Michael HyattBilim adamları tarafından, damarlı bitkilere ait 450 milyon yıllık bitki sporları bulundu.
Kara bitkilerinin sözde atalarının yosun benzeri bitkiler olduğunu öne süren evrimcilerin, bulunan fosiller ile birlikte hayali ağaçları da alt üst oldu.
Bulunan bitki sporlarının, damarlı bitkilere ait olması; damarlı bitkilerin zannedildiğinden çok daha önce var olduğunu da kanıtlamış oldu.Welcome to the September 16, 2013 edition of ACM TechNews, providing timely information for IT professionals three times a week.
Updated versions of the ACM TechNews mobile apps are available for Android phones and tablets (click here) and for iPhones (click here) and iPads (click here).
HEADLINES AT A GLANCE
The Brogrammer Effect: Women Are a Small (and Shrinking) Share of Computer Workers
The Atlantic (09/13/13) Jordan Weissmann
Women account for 26 percent of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) workers, but the figure among computer workers has been dropping over the past 20 years, according to a recent U.S. Census Bureau report. Although women represented one-third of computer workers in 1990, they currently hold just 27 percent of jobs in this field. The gender disparity varies by computer specialty, with women representing 40.1 percent of database administrators and 37 percent of Web developers, but only 22.1 percent of software developers and 11.4 percent of computer network architects. The number of women as a percent of all computer science undergraduates reached its highest point in the 1980s, with women in the computer workforce peaking shortly thereafter. Women's low participation in the STEM workforce is partly responsible for the pay gap between the sexes, since STEM jobs generally have higher salaries. Moreover, because computer fields make up half of all STEM positions, according to the Census Bureau, the declining rate of women is particularly troubling.
Managing Multicore Memory
MIT News (09/13/13) Larry Hardesty
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researchers have developed Jigsaw, a system that monitors the computations being performed by a multicore chip and manages cache memory accordingly. In experiments simulating the execution of hundreds of applications of 16- and 64-core chips, Jigsaw was able to accelerate execution by an average of 18 percent while reducing energy consumption by as much as 72 percent. Jigsaw monitors which cores are accessing which data most frequently and calculates the most efficient assignment of data to cache banks. Jigsaw also varies the amount of cache space allocated to each type of data, depending on how it is accessed, with the data that is reused frequently receiving more space than data that is accessed less often. In addition, by ignoring some scenarios that are extremely unlikely to arise in practice, the researchers developed an approximate optimization algorithm that runs efficiently even as the number of cores and the different types of data dramatically increases. MIT professor Daniel Sanchez notes that since the optimization is based on Jigsaw's observations of the chip's activity, "it's the optimal thing to do, assuming that the programs will behave in the next 20 milliseconds the way they did in the last 20 milliseconds."
Vote Early, Vote Often: Inside Norway's Pioneering Open Source E-Voting Trials
ZDNet (09/13/13) Stig Oyvann
Norway recently held its second e-voting pilot, following an initial trial that took place during the local government elections in 2011. In the second pilot, e-voting participation increased significantly compared to 2011, according to the Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development. Citizens in 12 municipalities could vote between Aug. 12 and Sept. 6 for the Aug. 9 election. In this year's election, 28 percent of all voters in the trial municipalities voted via the Internet, up from 16 percent in the 2011 pilot. To prove both the trustworthiness and transparency of the pilot, the source code for this year's e-voting system was put into the public domain, enabling citizens to download and study it. The electronic ballot used a public key mechanism for delivery. First, the vote was encrypted so that it could not be tied to the voter's identity. The vote then was digitally signed with the voter's public key, which kept it tamperproof. Each voter was given their own unique set of random codes for the different candidates in the election. Once a vote was cast, the code was texted back to the voter, enabling them to compare the code sent to their phone with the printed code on their voting card.
Girls-Only Coding Class Looks to Increase Female Tech Startup Presence
V3.co.uk (09/12/13) Michael Passingham
Female students at six of Britain's top universities will be able to take a free coding course this academic year designed to prepare them for the tech startup scene. Code First: Girls will be available at Oxford, Cambridge, the London School of Economics, University College London, Warwick, and Imperial College. The offering will be a condensed version of the program that was set up in 2012 as a nine-week, free, part-time course to get more women interested in coding, as well as contributing to technical discussions in high-tech businesses. The first run of the course was a success, and focused on key skills involving Sinatra and Rails and Ruby, as well as using communities such as GitHub. The course should make a big difference for young women who move on to startups, says Alice Bentinck, co-founder of startup accelerator scheme Entrepreneur First. "We find that more and more girls are coming to us with ideas, but they have no idea how to put them into practice," Bentinck notes.
CISE Issues Mid-Scale Infrastructure Solicitation
CCC Blog (09/10/13) Ann Drobnis
The U.S. National Science Foundation's (NSF) Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering (CISE) recently announced the Mid-Scale Infrastructure (NSFCloud) initiative, which aims to support research infrastructure that enables the academic research community to develop and experiment with novel cloud architectures addressing emerging challenges, including real-time and high-confidence systems. The initiative "comprises a long-term and comprehensive program seeking infrastructure that will specifically enable the academic research community to (a) develop and experiment with novel cloud architectures, and (b) pursue architecturally-enabled novel applications of cloud computing," according to the NSF solicitation. The NSFCloud initiative also is designed to build on CISE's existing investments in infrastructure, particularly networking research infrastructure, that have demonstrated the value of developing and using shared infrastructure for accelerating research and education. "[We] seek proposals for research infrastructure that build upon existing investments as well as the recent rapid growth in cloud computing, and enable the academic research community to develop and experiment with novel cloud and cloud-like architectures that can support a diversity of innovative applications," the solicitation says.
MOOSE Enables 'Plug and Play' Simulations
HPC Wire (09/11/13) Tiffany Trader
Idaho National Laboratory (INL) researchers are developing the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE), a software framework for simulating the behavior of complex systems. The researchers aim to make simulation more accessible by making it easier to create simulation capabilities for complex mathematical models in various fields. The researchers say MOOSE opens up the advantages of simulation to experts so they can advance their science without also having to become computer scientists. "Something that would take five years with a team of 10 people can now be done in one year with three people," says INL's Derek Gaston. MOOSE was designed to be a general problem solver, capable of accommodating multiple mathematical models. "The user needs to know the governing equations for his or her field, and MOOSE solves them for you, meaning the scientist can focus on the science," says INL's Steve Hayes. In addition, MOOSE runs on personal workstations, so researchers can carry out powerful simulations without a supercomputer. The MOOSE ecosystem also has been expanded to provide tools for specific scientific disciplines, including applications for nuclear physics, geology, chemistry, and engineering.
New Magnetic Semiconductor Material Holds Promise for 'Spintronics'
NCSU News (09/10/13) Matt Shipman
A new compound that can be integrated into silicon chips potentially could be used to make spintronic devices, according to researchers at North Carolina State University (NCSU). The team created and synthesized strontium tin oxide as an epitaxial thin film on a silicon chip. The material is a single crystal and a dilute magnetic semiconductor, which means it could be used to create transistors that operate at room temperature based on magnetic fields, rather than electrical current. "We're talking about cool transistors for use in spintronics," says NCSU professor Jay Narayan. He notes the discovery that the material has magnetic semiconductor properties was a pleasant surprise. "There are other materials that are dilute magnetic semiconductors, but researchers have struggled to integrate those materials on a silicon substrate, which is essential for their use in multifunctional, smart devices," Narayan says.
'Tamper-Proof' Chips, With Some Work, Might Give Up Their Secrets
Technology Review (09/11/13) David Talbot
Technical University of Berlin researchers have discovered an attack involving costly equipment that can mill down the back of the silicon on chips and steal the data with microscopic probes. The research "is nice work that establishes that there is a new class of attacks that should be considered if invasive attacks are a concern," says Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor Srini Devadas. The researchers first used a polishing machine to gradually mill the back of the silicon until it was only 30 micrometers thick. Then they put the thinned chip under a scanning laser microscope fitted with an infrared camera and watched where key operations were happening. "We can see the heat emissions and know this is where it is running when the encryption algorithm starts to crunch numbers," says IO Active's Christopher Tarnovsky, who collaborated on the research. The researchers then used a focused ion-beam machine to dig tiny trenches to edit features on the chip, which made it possible to use minute probes that could essentially wiretap communications channels on the chip and access data.
Tough Robo-Challenge Casts Robots as Rescuers
New Scientist (09/11/13) Hal Hodson
The U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Robotics Challenge is bringing together leading global robotics specialists in a competition to design a robot that can perform emergency-response duties during disasters. In December, the
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�ت: با توجه به اینکه قطر 11 سال زودتر از ما برداشت از این میدان را آغاز کرده است، نیازمند یک خیزش، همبستگی و تلاش مضاعف هستیم تا این عقب ماندگی را جبران کنیم.
سوری تاکید کرد: در چنین فضایی باید به سمتی برویم تا توان علمی و پژوهشی کشور در یک فراخوان علمی دور هم جمع شوند و آینده را طراحی کنند و سپس نخبگان اجرایی آن را عملیاتی کنند.
رئیس سابق پایانه های نفتی خارک و مدیرعامل سازمان منطقه ویژه اقتصادی انرژی پارس افزود: دیگ توسعه باید در این منطقه طوری طراحی شود تا منافع همه کشور در آن بجوشد و منجر به ارزش افزوده ملی شود.
وی اظهار داشت: توسعه ملی منهای توسعه بومی بصورت پایدار و ماندگار اتفاق نمی افتد همانطور که توسعه اقتصادی و صنعتی منهای توسعه فرهنگی و اجتماعی امکانپذیر و قابل دوام نیست.
سوری حضور بیش از 30 هفته نامه در استان بوشهر را یک فرصت عالی برای استان و وزارت نفت دانست و گفت: وزارت نفت باید از این ظرفیت به خوبی استفاده شود.
وی با بیان اینکه باید در جهت منافع ملی کاری کنیم که در یک فضای شفاف، علمی و آرام واقعیت ها گفته شود، اظهار داشت: مطبوعات باید با شفاف سازی و اطلاع رسانی علمی و دقیق کاری کنند که جو اعتماد و آرامش در جامعه ایجاد شود زیرا رسیدن به توسعه نیازمند چنین فضایی است و در فضای تخریب و تخطئه، همه بازنده هستند.
اخراج نیروهای بومی از پارس جنوبی شایعه است
سوری با اشاره به اینکه تعدادی از افراد انگشت شمار بخشی از فضای مطبوعاتی و رسانه ای استان بوشهر را به بهانه کاذب و با عنوان اخراج نیروهای بومی از پارس جنوبی برای بقای خود مسموم کرده اند، تأکید کرد: در زمان مدیریت من هیچ فرد بومی نه تنها اخراج نشده بلکه از اخراج آنها جلوگیری شده و به کار بازگشته اند.
مدیرعامل سازمان منطقه ویژه اقتصادی انرژی پارس مطبوعات را به مثابه آینه ای برای دیدن زنگارهای خود در آن توصیف و تصریح کرد: برای تضمین سلامت حرکت خود و کاهش هزینه توسعه ملی و سازمانی از اطلاع رسانی سالم و نقد علمی مطبوعات و رسانه ها استقبال می کنیم.
سوری با بیان اینکه در جامعه ای که رسانه ها به بلوغ نرسیده اند چهره ای توسعه یافته از دموکراسی به چشم نمی خورد، اظهار داشت: یکی از شاخص های اندازه گیری توسعه یافتگی هر جامعه رشد مطبوعات در آن جامعه است.
وی گفت: اگر مطبوعات با نقد علمی خود به شفاف سازی بپردازند، تکامل اجتماعی و توسعه صورت می پذیرد وگرنه در یک فضای آشفته، تاریک، مبهم و مسموم هرکسی به راحتی می تواند دیگری را تخریب کند.È stata una brutta esperienza, l'autista è stato molto scortese. Si rifiutava di capire la nostra difficoltà nel comprendere la lingua. I bus erano sporchi e il nostro sedile rotto. Alle fermata di Filadelfia ci hanno tirato giù i bagagli e alla nostra richiesta di spiegazioni sono stati molto maleducati sia l'autista che l'inserviente. È inutile dire che non abbiamo riposato per niente. Se dovrò spostarmi per l'America penso di escludere qualsiasi BUS!!!
Il modo migliore per prenotare i biglietti d'autobus
Busbud è uno strumento di ricerca di autobus, che include itinerari, orari e prezzi per Peter Pan nelle nostre ricerche, insieme a molte altre compagnie di autobus. È possibile confrontare i prezzi, i servizi e gli orari per la ricerca di un percorso. Quando trovi quello che cerchi, puoi andare avanti e ottenere il tuo biglietto Peter Pan da noi. Tieni in mente che i biglietti possono esaurire, Peter Pan e altri operatori in generale vendono i biglietti ad un prezzo più elevato per gli acquisti dell'ultimo minuto o per biglietti acquistati in persona.İşten kendi isteği ile ayrılan çalışanların birçoğu, gerçek işten ayrılma sebeplerini söylememeyi tercih ederler. İşten ayrılan kişilerin gerçekten işten ayrılmalarının kök nedenini anlamak ve bu sebepleri analiz ederek, kurumda halen çalışan kişilerin yaşadığı veya yaşayabileceği memnuniyetsizlikleri tespit etmek, gerekli iyileştirme formüllerini ortaya çıkartmak.
EĞİTİM İÇERİĞİ:
- Çalışanlar neden işten ayrılır?
- Çıkış mülakatı neden yapılır?
- Örnek mülakat uygulaması
- Mülakat yapacak kişi ya da kişiler kimler olmalı?
- Çıkış mülakatlarının faydaları nelerdir?
- Etkili çıkış mülakatı nasıl yapılır?
- Empati neden önemlidir?
- Mülakatta kullanılabilecek örnek sorular
- Çıkış mülakatı formu nasıl olmalı?
- Örnek form hazırlama çalışması
- Örnek mülakat uygulaması çalışması
- Grup Mülakat analizi
- Analiz sonrası aksiyon planı
EĞİTİM YÖNTEMİ:
Konu anlatımı, tartışma, grup çalışması, örnek vaka değerlendirmeleri, örnek uygulamalar.Origin: OE. Destinee, destene, F. Destinee, from destiner. See Destine.
1. That to which any person or thing is destined; predetermined state; condition foreordained by the Divine or by human will; fate; lot; doom. "Thither he Will come to know his destiny." (Shak) "No man of woman born, Coward or brave, can shun his destiny." (Bryant)
2. The fixed order of things; invincible necessity; fate; a resistless power or agency conceived of as determining the future, whether in general or of an individual. "But who can turn the stream of destiny?" (Spenser) "Fame comes only when deserved, and then is as inevitable as destiny, for it is destiny." (Longfellow) The Destinies, the three Parcae, or Fates; the supposed powers which preside over human life, and determine its circumstances and duration. "Marked by the Destinies to be avoided." (Shak)
(01 Mar 1998)
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Tooth whitening , also known as dental bleaching, is the process of whitening the color of your teeth. It is done through the application of a bleaching agent to the tooth surface, which changes its color. Sometimes the agent may be applied directly on the tooth's surface. People who want to have a more white smile or whose teeth are stained by smoking or caffeine utilize it. Whitening can also be accomplished by turning on the light in the dental office to make the whitening process last longer.
Dentist whitening kits are available at different strength depending on the amount of whitening that you require. It is recommended to ask your dentist what strength he recommends for your teeth. In general, tooth whitening kits when used correctly as per the instructions will provide a significant amount of whitening. Tooth whitening using the correct formula and products will make your smile look more whiter and stronger than it was before.
The teeth whitening kits are much more effective than dental services provided by dentists. They are affordable and can be employed at home without causing any damage to your gums or teeth. The bleaches have enough mildness that they are safe for kids. Many dentists offer teeth bleaching to patients but they are not very robust, causing lots of discomfort.
Gels, pastes and strips are often used to whiten teeth. They employ peroxide-based whiteners to make the strips, gels and pastes. Some use hydrogen peroxide based whiteners. These powerful chemicals will make your teeth more white and bright. Some of the top-selling tooth whiteners in the market today are TheraBrite and LefyBrite.
Dentist whiteners work extremely well and produce amazing results. It is essential to make sure that your teeth have been treated by an experienced professional. There are various chemicals and devices that can cause damage to teeth in the event that they are not done properly. There are many kinds of products that can be used to whiten your teeth including whitening strips, toothpaste gels, and so on. You should select the one that best suits your requirements and budget.
You must be aware that whitening agents work by applying a chemical treatment to the teeth. They can remove discolorations and stains the teeth and make them appear like new. The time needed to treat your problem can vary based on the severity.
Dentists use different bleaching agents to deal with various problems. For instance, if you suffer from sensitive teeth, your dentist may recommend bleaching gel. Your dentist may use a hydrogen peroxide paste if you have a lot cavities. The dentist will recommend laser treatment for teeth whitening if you suffer from severe staining or gum disease.
Online purchase of dental whitening products is possible. There are a myriad of online stores that sell teeth-white
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、责任感强，虽然不太亲民，但是一旦遇到战争环境，其缺点就全部变成了优点。
公元前264年3月15日，罗马军团在克劳狄乌斯的带领下离开了罗马，乘坐友邦城市提供的运输船渡过了海峡，期间他们避开了迦太基海军的巡逻。
罗马军团出现在西西里，顿时让迦太基感到了不安。很快迦太基就与叙拉古结成了同盟，叙拉古自南向北进军，迦太基自西向东进军，两路大军同时进攻墨西拿。
克劳狄乌斯马上向叙拉古军队发动了进攻，尽管叙拉古军在数量上占优势。以雇佣兵为主的叙拉古军完全不是以公民兵为主的罗马军的对手。
叙拉古军很快就败了下来。随即克劳狄乌斯调转枪头，向迦太基军发动进攻，理由是要守卫罗马的盟友墨西拿。迦太基军也很快被罗马军团击败。此后，克劳狄乌斯带兵攻到了叙拉古的首都，直到这年的冬季，军队进入到了休战期。
罗马军制：
进入到冬季休战期之后，罗马通过市民大会选出了第二年的执政官，分别是马尼乌斯·瓦莱利乌斯和奥塔吉利乌斯·克拉苏。
马尼乌斯是历史上显赫的家族，其原先所在的民族曾经是罗马的死敌，在公元前326年到公元前284年间与罗马激战了40年，而其所在的部族向罗马臣服之后。
罗马人不仅慷慨地给与这个部族以上层阶级，还在仅仅过去20年后，这个部族的人就成为了罗马的最高领导者。
在公元前263年，罗马将两个执政官都派到了西西里战场，足以见当时战争的重要性。一般来说，罗马一个军团是4500人左右，其中4200名步兵，300名骑兵，一个执政官统领2个罗马军团，同时还配带了同盟城市的兵力。
同盟城市的兵力与罗马军的比例一般是1:1，也就是一个执政官军团通常是1.8-2万人，两个执政官军团就意味着战斗人员达到了3.5-4万人。
叙拉古的国王希伦不是世袭的国王，而是僭主，也就是通过武力或者其他手段夺取王位的人，此时他的年轻在35岁左右，是一个洞察力强又现实的人。
希伦并不担心叙拉古会被罗马攻陷，因为叙拉古的防御他非常放心，他唯一担心的就是叙拉古与罗马交战的时候迦太基会乘虚而入。此时的叙拉古也必须在罗马与迦太基之间做出选择，他于是派了使者到罗马军营请求和谈。
和谈的结果就是罗马开出了优厚的条件：
1、双方同盟15年，如果没有异议可以延期；
2、罗马尊重叙拉古的自治权；
3、叙拉古有义务向罗马提供小麦；
4、叙拉古没有向罗马提供兵员的义务；
5、叙拉古赔偿罗马100塔兰特，协约生效后支付25塔兰特，剩下的分15年付清。
至此，罗马出兵墨西拿的目的基本达到，在此之后叙拉古成为了罗马坚定的盟友，即便在罗马困难时期也没有背叛，之所以如此并不是被逼，而是希伦深思熟虑之后的政治选择。此后的50年间，叙拉古充分享受了和平与繁荣。— Sahiplenici bir ekonomiden üreten bir ekonomiye tarıma geçiş, ekonomik bir olgudan çok, şaşırtıcı bir değişim ve dinsel ruhta bir atılımdır.
Büyük taşlar dönemi olan megalitik çağın anıtlarında kristalleşti. İnsanlar, çabalarını esirgemeden, devasa manevi cenaze dini binaları inşa ettiklerinde. Niye ya? Ne için?
Herkesin bildiği bu anıtlardan biri de Stonehenge.
Ama böyle birkaç fenomen var …
Ve son olarak, tüm bunlar -hatalar, içsel kırılmalar ve başarılar yoluyla- insanları şu anda içinde yaşadıkları en büyük iki keşfe götürdü. Bu bir yazı dili ve bir devlettir. Neden ve nasıl ortaya çıktılar? Dahası, dünyanın farklı yerlerinde aynı anda ortaya çıktılar — Mısır’da, Mezopotamya’da, İndus Nehri kıyısında ve Çin’de.亚搏在线
鲁索一看见就会大发雷霆。Alistair沃尔什还活着,呼吸和在法国。他衷心地批准了前两个。最后就没有那么好了。他不记得就在性能试验击退了边境。他们急促而在法国西部的比利时,所以他不能告诉任何语言的转变。当然不是和她一样好与任何真正的母马,但这已经足够好了,和他喜欢她。所以现在他尊重他的侄女有勇气公开是通常做什么秘密,和她争取权利关系,尽管她的大坝和其他大多数的谴责。Neysa,当然,已经更straight-maned。
一旦进去，他花了整整二十分钟研究乔托的作品，拉斐尔提香和安吉利科小姐在离开画廊去找男厕所之前。五分钟后，他加入了一群即将登上去凡尔赛的巴士的美国游客，和他们一起走出了主要入口。在路边他离开了他们，走过半个街区就进了地铁。不到一小时他就回到旅馆，等待标致从车库里被提上来。电梯停了，奥斯本走进走廊。过了一会儿，他走进自己的房间，关上了门。那是上午11点25分。四个小时后他就要去剧院了。把报纸扔在床上，他走进浴室刷牙，然后洗了个澡。就在他剃须的时候，他决定解决他问题的最好办法是扮演他希望警察对他期望的角色，那个悲伤的情人独自在巴黎度过了最后一天。
花了几秒钟的男性来得出结论,但这是预期的。他咆哮着,和亮度应呈红色对这种新的猎物。实际上,两个适合独角兽应该是两个成年食人魔的对手。但这不是夹在来这里的目的。他坚持自己的立场,角。所以在field-gray-funny混蛋的犀利目光是如何的颜色,和头盔的突出的形状,可以把你的风打破的雕刻切割的盟友,迫使他们撤退,如果他们不想得到切断和包围。纳粹在渡过了橡皮艇。机枪淘汰第一船,但德国坦克和防空枪支在河的另一边沉默的机枪。当德国人赢得一个桥头堡,他们跑水上桥梁的渡过,他们的坦克。
从愤怒的表情慢慢转变女性的男性和惊喜和好奇宝宝的普遍困惑。美丽的大自然是外国食人魔;他们不知道如何处理它。也许在他们的昏暗的祖先有跟踪,和一个建议的意识,无用的遗迹,尚未正常繁殖的物种。那么男性却甩开了他的手,再次,准备咆哮,属性更新他的攻击。其实开始玩,伴随剪辑的旋律。她盘管增强他的萨克斯音色好,,结果是非常漂亮。在Venjekar号上，他是主人。没有人，甚至连凯女祭司都没有，有权撤销他的命令。德拉娅意识到她违反了一条不成文的法律，她赶紧解释一下。“那是阿普利亚岛，德鲁伊统治的岛屿。
帆船驶入海湾。Skylan站在甲板上，他仔细考虑过这个计划。他和他的战士们要上岸。德拉亚和两个将充当守卫的勇士将留在龙舟上。斯基兰将要求被带到德鲁伊那里，定居点的领导人。雷格尔形容他们是一群弯腰驼背的老年男女。或者,一旦元首滚动,他不容易停止于河。”胜利是肯定的!”他大发雷霆,他可能在收音机。”和疯狂的杂种狗叛徒试图阻止帝国获得它已经得到了他们应得的。哦,是的!他们!”他的眼睛了。唯一的问题是,路德维希不知道他在说什么。”先生?”警官说。
Neysa,当然,已经更straight-maned。种间行动的事实,打扰她,她自己有外遇的熟练的阶梯前他娶了夫人蓝色。它被开放,坚持它是合法的。英国皇家空军似乎很乐意打破了自己的地面上。他们没有努力追求。汉斯放松又踩在了油门上。
在。这里。”阿芙罗狄蒂从开着的窗户伸进来，抓住史蒂夫·雷的一只手，猛地猛拉。就像是一个气球，史蒂夫·雷突然走进房间。然后,他把它放在怪物,进一步隐瞒他。只有一个人知道去哪里看会发现怪物或旗帜。然而,这不是仅仅拖延不可避免的吗?如果食人魔蠢到把假的国旗,他们会意识到它
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bir alıntı - ama ne yazık ki bir şiirden değil!)
David Lau
Bunu al, metamorfoz. Ve bu. Ve bu. Ve bu.
- 'Baltimore' Uyanıklık (1998)
Göstericinin muğlak öncülünde 'bu', en sıradan terimlerle bulunan birinin ve çoğunun çalkantılı bir diyalektiğini gizler. Geç bir çizgi, bir kariyeri ve değişken zamanlarını içerir; Telaşlı, postmodern “metamorfoz” un titreyen tarih dışı yüzey etkileri şairi antagonize ediyor. Yine de şiir, sanayi toplumunun aynı tanıdık teknolojik devrimlerine karşı hem savaşarak hem de cömertçe 'bunu al' diyor. Metropolis başlığı, Randy Newman'ı kapsayan Jacques Lacan veya Nina Simone'u akla getiriyor. Zorluk gerçek . Hat bir şehirdir.
Ava öğretmen
Hala bağlanıyorlar
(hala bağlanıyor mu?) -
akşamın ortası hissi
geçildiği gibi
yanlarında.
- 'Kumdaki Yapılar', Düzlemyuvar (2009)
'Kumdaki Yapılar' kısa bir şiirdir. Üç kıtasının her birinin merkezinde bir soru var - bilinmeyen bir alıcıya 'akşam ortasında' bir çağrı. En sevdiğim Ashbery şiirlerinin çoğu gibi, 'Yapılar' daki sorular da bağımlılık yaratan özelliklere sahiptir. Sohbeti devam ettiriyorlar. 'Ne zaman dönüyorsun?' şiirin son satırında sorulan mübarek sorudur. Şaşkın bir minnettarlıkla (yoksa minnettar bir şaşkınlık mı?) Ashbery'ye ve sorularına tekrar tekrar dönüyoruz.
Jeffrey Lependorf
Ayak parmaklarını ısırırım, sabah görüşürüz.
- 'Büyük Stüdyo' Hotel Lautréamont (1992)
Bir aşk şarkısından, belki unutman gereken birine? Stüdyo yokluktan daha büyük, ya da belki tam tersi. Bu şiiri okuyarak böyle bir tarih biriktiriyorum, bunun benim mi yoksa başkasının mı olduğundan emin değilim. Bunun önemli olduğunu sanmıyorum. Tam olarak ne anlama geldiğini biliyorum ve hiçbir fikrim de yok.
Tom Levine
Ama çok meşgulsün
Ruhunun arkasındaki gizli leke yüzünden.
- 'Sadece Etrafta Dolaşıyorum , ' Bir Dalga (1984)
Son zamanlardaki en son gizli lekemin ne olduğunu merak etmeme neden olan bu kadar dokunaklı bir çizgi. John’un hayal gücü ve hayatı yorumlama şekli tekil ve içten. Sözlerinin ve onları şekillendirmek için kullandığı alışılmadık araçların sahibidir. Her şeyi karıştırıyor. Yakından okuduktan sonra, dokumacının kumaş akarken bulanık bir şekilde dans edip gittikçe uzayan bir duvar halısı haline gelmesini izlemek gibi bir cümleyi nasıl ustalaştırdığına hayran kalır. Zanaat yok olurken şiirin ruhu odak noktasına gelir. John’un çalışmaları hayatımı değiştirmeye devam ediyor - düşünme biçimim, okuma biçimim, ilişkileri deneyimleme biçimim, dünyaya bakış açım.
Rachel Levitsky
En sevdiğim sözlerim
bugün favori ya da bu an ben
Seni yeni, yeniden okudum, ne kadar yaramaz olduğuna gül
Hala ne kadar temiz yaramazsın
yaramaz veya kötü kokulu olmak, skandalı dümdüz etmek
günlük hayatın, nehirlerini ve derelerini zehirleyen sermaye
Her gün bizi alaycı vuran mevcut dünya ölümü ne olursa olsun
dışkılama, döktüğümüz ve seçtiğimiz şey
sonra: en tatlımızı yükseltmek
Kaybolan aşkım için ağlıyorum, yabani otlar sallanırken görünüşünü kaybetti
Cömertçe sınırların dışındasın
Her şey
vardır
gizlice sıkılmış *
* italik yazılmış tüm satırlar Vermont Not Defteri , Joe Brainard ile bir işbirliği, 1975'te (Z Press) ve yine 2001'de (Granary) yayınlandı .
Eric Lorberer
Ve sonra çok güzelleşti.
–Minneapolis'teki “Ashbery Köprüsü” nde asılsız şiir (1988)
Nasıl seçilir? Yüzlerce Ashbery hattı zihnimde bir şelale gibi akıyor, içinde banyo yaptığım, hayret ettiğim, hayret ettiğim çizgiler kurtarıldı. Sanırım sevgili köprü şiirimin son mısrası, herhangi bir başlangıç (durma?) Noktası kadar iyi bir nokta, çift anlamı sadece havanın ötesine, her zaman şaşırtıcı geleceğe doğru sıçrıyor. Belki Ashbery'nin bunca zamandır, o gelecekte yaşadığı yer burasıdır? Şiirde muhteşem bir ömür boyunca bir okur ordusunu ona doğru sürüklediği için ona büyük bir huzzah.
Anthony Madrid
Tıpkı kimsenin söylemediği bir proje gibi ...
Yoksa hala başka biri olduğumu mu düşünüyorsun?
- 'En İyi Bildiğimiz Şarkılar' Bir Dalga (1984)
Bu şekilde 'kapalı' olan tekerlemelerde özel bir zarafet var. Bunu iyice düşündüğümü söyleyemem; Tek bildiğim, kafiye çiftindeki ikinci kelimenin telaffuzunu bozmak için küçük bir cazibeye neden olduğunda bir şekilde güzel olduğu. Edward Lear'dan örnek: “Şşşt! / Bu çalılıkta genç bir kuş görüyorum! ' (Ashbery’nin 90’ı bugün. Yine de bu çalıda genç bir kuş görüyorum.)
Alberto Manguel
Bir an devedikeni boyunca koşuyor olabilirsin
Ve bir sonraki ince buz tabakasının üzerinde ve farkında olma
herhangi bir fark, yalnızca size bir uzatma verilmiş olması.
- 'Adam Snow' Nisan Galleonları (1987)
Şiiri ilk okuduğumda aklıma, 19. yüzyıl şairi Gustav Schwab'ın 'Konstanz Gölü'ndeki Binici' adlı şiirini düşündüm; bir binicinin göl olduğunu bilmeden donmuş bir gölün üzerinde dörtnala koştuğu ve kendisine ne yaptığı söylendiğinde korkudan ölür. Ashbery, Schwab’ın melodramını bir umut imgesine dönüştürür. Kışın bir tarlayı geçmenin nesnel deneyimi, bize bahşedildiğimizi düşündüğümüzden daha fazlasını veren dünyanın keyfi cömertliğinin bir simgesi haline gelir.
Javier Marias
Artık böyle söyleyemezsin.
- 'Ve Ut Pictura Poesis Onun Adı' Houseboat Günleri (1977)
Bu satır, kendi başına, zamanın, yaşın ve sonunda yaşam-ölümün de dahil olduğu sürekli, anlaşılmaz değişimleri ifade eder. Ne zaman ve neden, artık çocukluğun alışılagelmiş sözlerini - yani en katı, açılış sözlerini ya da gençliğin - onlarla en çok oynadığımızda - ya da erkeklik sözlerini, kendimizi hissettiğimizde kullanamayacağımızı keşfediyoruz. Sonunda en doğru ve doğru söylem yolunu bulup seçtiniz mi? Bir zamanlar içimizde olan kelime dağarcığını ne zaman ve neden bir kenara atıyoruz? Kelimeler arasında zayiatların da olması korkunç bir keşif. Ve onları kaprisli bir şekilde emekliye ayıran 'zamanlar' mı, yoksa biz mi, onlardan bıkıyor muyuz yoksa bizden bıkanlar onlar mı?
Paul Muldoon
İlkbahar veya sonbahar mevsimi güzeldi.
hava sindirilebilirdi, balık aşk düğümlerine bağlıydı
sedyelerinde. Evet ve yolculuklar
- 'Çince Fısıltılar' Çin Fısıltıları (2002)
'Chinese Whispers' ın bu satırlarıyla ilgili sevdiğim şey, Ashbery'nin tümünün orada olması. Oyuna atıfta bulunan başlıktan gülünç duygusuna sahibiz elbette ki “amaç, mesajın yol boyunca bozulmadan iletilmesi olsa da, eğlencenin bir kısmı da şudur: genellikle olur. ' Sedyenin / yolculuk karmaşasının yarattığı mizahi etki, sedyenin genellikle tüm yolculukları bitirmek için bir araç olması gerçeğiyle hafifletilir.
Eileen Myles
Ve sonra bu coşku hissine kapılmaya başladım.
-'Kılık değiştirmiş bir lütuf,' Nehirler ve Dağlar (1966)
Bu benim en sevdiğim John dizisidir çünkü bir durumdur ve şiirin sonunda ortaya çıkan bir durumdur ve şiir biraz bloklu, kübist ve hatta Bizarro'dur. Akan bir aşk şiiri değil ama tutkuyla gerizekalı bence ve sonunda büyük bir nefes alıyor ve harika hissettiriyor. Onun sahip olmasını seviyorum Orada ve ben okuyucu da yaptım.
Charles North
Orada hep Kasım ayıydı.
- 'Şato Donanımı' Baharın Çifte Rüyası (1970)
Beni ilk etkileyen şey, kopyamda (Dutton, 1970) şu şekilde Novemeber ! (Ekstra çizdiğim kalem çizgisi dır-dir hala orada.) Hala bir açılış cümlesi olarak seviyorum; özlü ve kendinden emin, çok şey tanıttığı görülüyor. Aynı zamanda benim için o zaman yeni bir tür dil, müzik ve hatta anlamın sahnesini hazırlıyor: “teknik” veya en azından eğik tarafta, parataktik, belirsiz, beklenmedik (pasif ses dahil), başlangıç için staccato ama her şekilde genişleyebilir.
Alice Notley
Kartopu, ruh için bir modeldir çünkü milyarlarca ruh onun içinde gömülüdür, ancak hiçbiri ona hakim olamaz ve hatta onu karakterize edemez.
- 'Coma Berenices' Nerede Gezeceğim (2005)
Bir düz yazı cümlesi (ve sonraki paragrafının tamamı) olan bu satırı sık sık düşünüyorum, ancak kelimeleri tam olarak hatırlayamıyorum. Ne zaman yukarı baksam, kelimelerin aynısı yine aklımı uçuruyor. Doğum Günün Kutlu Olsun John, yeni kitaplarınız çıkarken hayatta olmak büyük bir zevk! Özellikle 'merhum Ashbery' denen kişiyi seviyorum.
Geoffrey O’Brien
Ama sadece bir kez görülmesi gereken şeylerin doğasıdır,
- 'Syringa' Houseboat Günleri (1977)
- ve tek bir satırı yerinden çıkarmak imkansızdır - 'onun bir not
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حصولات نهایی با ارزش افزوده بالا، بینیاز به زیرساختهای پرهزینه، امکان گسترش و توسعه در زنجیرههای تولید، میزان سرمایهگذاری به اشتغال، تنوع بازار مصرف، وابستگی صنایع دیگر به این صنعت، تطابق محیط زیستی، اثرات استراتژیک، امکان تسلط و قدرت آفرینی در بازارهای دنیا و امکان شکست انحصار از سایر کشورها را از مزایای صنعت الکترونیک کشور برشمرد. ایشان همچنین این صنعت را ابزار اصلی گسترش فناوری اطلاعات در ایران دانست و گفت: کشور بایستی بتواند بر اساس برنامهریزی انجام شده در پیش نویس برنامه راهبردی صنعت، معدن و تجارت به دو درصد از سهم بازارهای جهانی برسد.
در استان مازندران نیز صادرات در این صنعت بسیار کم بوده به گونه ای که مجبور به حذف این متغیر در ادامه ی انجام این پژوهش شده ایم.Convertitore da YUV ad DOCM
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Ethiopian people have been around for quite some time. An ancient nation with a history as rich as the natural resources their land rests on.
The people of Ethiopia were given their name by a famous Greek poet named Homer who used the words "aitho" and "opsi", meaning sun tanned (heliotherapy) or therapy from the sun.
Ethiopian people were once referred to as Abyssinians and had mighty empires and emperors that were very influential and powerful in the world.
One distinguishing fact about the people of Ethiopia is that there are multitudes of ethnicities, religious beliefs, tribes, etc.; all following one banner or flag of Ethiopia.
Their unity and peaceful coexistence is something that all nations need to look at and implement.
The following list shows just 10 of the many peoples of Ethiopia.
1. Oromo People
The Oromo people are the largest ethnic group inhabiting Ethiopia. They can also be found in neighboring Kenya and Somalia.
They are said to be within the range of 35-40% of the population of Ethiopia.
The Oromo people have their own language which is referred to as Afaan Oromoo, Oromiffa, Oromigna or just the Oromo language.
The Oromo people were known to have one of the earliest forms of democracy called the Gadaa system.
Most Oromos live in the Oromia region, which is located in central Ethiopia and has the largest surface size from all other regions.
They are the largest agricultural producers for Ethiopia and contribute a significant amount to the overall economy of the country.
2. Amhara People
The Amhara people are the second largest ethnic group in Ethiopia. Their population makes up about 25-30% of the Ethiopian population.
The people of the Amhara region firmly believe that they are descended from King Solomon and take the story of Queen Sheba and King Solomon as a historical fact, although it is disputed by some historians.
The Amharas have had emperors ruling for thousands of years and only recently the line of Emperors was broken when His Imperial Majesty Haile Selassie was dethroned by a communist takeover.
The original home of the Amhara peoples is in the central highlands, and they are often referred to as highlanders.
Rich volcanic soil, adequate rainfall, and a climate that is moderate have enabled the people of the Amhara region to live comfortably of the land for centuries.
3. Tigrayan People
image credit: tigrayonline.com
The Tigrayan people of Ethiopia make up about 5-6% of the population.
Most Tigrayans are ardent followers of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and claim to house the Ark of the Covenant in a church in Tigray.
The Tigrayans of Tigray in Ethiopia speak the same language as the Eritreans who are their neighbors, with a slight difference in accents and terminology.
Tigray is also home to the ancient Axumite Empire which was known to hold significant power and influence in the world of the past.
4. Gurage People
image credit: flickr.com
The Gurage people make up about 2-3% of the population of Ethiopia.
They are known to be a peaceful people with a great mind for commerce.
Although they do not have a region of their own, the Gurage are part of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region.
The Gurage people are located in the southwest of Ethiopia in a semi mountainous area, but they can be found throughout Ethiopia in large numbers due to their success as traders.
Because the majority of the Gurage are located throughout Ethiopia it is difficult to have a very accurate count of their population.
Some believe they could be the third largest population of Ethiopia.
They are also known to be very hard workers and their agricultural systems are complicated yet effective with crop rotations and various other strategies.
The majority of the people of Gurage are reported to be Muslims with a percentage of 51%.
5. Anuak People
The Anuak people of Ethiopia have a relatively small population size ranging from 250,000-300,000 across the globe.
Even though their numbers are small, the land they inhabit is one of the largest and resource rich in Ethiopia.
The Anuaks of Gambella in Ethiopia are referred to as lowlanders by the highlanders such as the Amharas, Oromos, and Tigrayans.
The Anuak people have land that is rich with fertile soil as the rivers from the highlands all empty out on their land.
The majority of the Anuak people follow Christianity and were one of the first to convert to this religion among those in their areas.
6. Harari (Adere) People
The Harari people of Ethiopia are located in the Harar Region of Ethiopia and speak their own language known as Aderegna or Harari.
To prevent their way of life from being altered by outside influences, the Hararis in the sixteenth century built a wall around their city.
Today, they are outnumbered by the Oromos and Amharas in their own region.
Almost all Harari people are members of the Muslim faith.
Khat or Qat is seen as an important part of everyday life in this community whose city is considered the fourth holiest in the Muslim religion.
7. Somali People
The Somali people of Ethiopia make up about 5-6 million of Ethiopia's 105 million total population.
The Somalis of the Ethiopian Somali region are located in the easternmost part of the country.
Ethiopian Somalis live in the territory which is largely made up of Ogaden and was once part of the Hararghe province.
The population is over 95% Somali and there were previous attempts at combining it with Ethiopia's neighbor, the country of Somalia.
8. Wolayta People
image credit: flickr.com
The Wolayta or Welayta people of Ethiopia make up about 2-3% of the population.
Wolayta is the name of not only this ethnic group but also their kingdom from the past.
The Wolayta people had a kingdom of their own for hundreds of years with a history and culture of their own until Emperor Menelik I put an end to their kingdom for the purpose of assimilation and expansion.
The Wolayta people have their own language which is called Wolaytegna.
Despite a small population size, the people of this ethnic group have been very influential in the areas of music, food, and dance.
9. Afar People
image credit: flickr.com
The people of Afar make up about 1-2% of the total Ethiopian population.
The Afar people of Ethiopia are traditionally nomadic herders who are known to move around the Horn of Africa.
They are mostly located within the Afar region and in the northern parts of Djibouti.
There are some also who reside in the southern parts of Eritrea.
Afaris speak their own language and lay claim to one of the most unique tourist destinations, namely, the Erta Ale which is the hottest place on earth and has a mars like landscape.
The majority of the Afar people are Muslims due to their close contact with the Muslim majorities in the areas they roam.
10. Hamer People
The Hamer people of Ethiopia make up only a small fraction of the Ethiopian population, but have made a significant impact on the popular culture of the country.
With a population count of less than 50,000 members, it would have been assumed that the Hamer people would have been overlooked but this seems to be to the contrary.
The Hamer people live largely traditional lives; their unique customs are what have made them well known throughout Ethiopia and abroad.
They are largely pastoralists and place a large amount of importance on their cattle.
It symbolizes a person's position in society and their wealth status within the Hamer community.
Their famous bull jumping ceremony which is a sort of a rite of passage for a boy becoming a man and the unique decorations they use have definitely made them a topic for discussion.什么是光电工程师?
光子学是一门利用光来产生能量、探测信息或传输信息的科学。光子学工程领域的主要目的是开发新的和创新的产品，用于医药，电信，制造和建筑。从可以切割塑料的光，到用于精密眼部手术的超精确激光，光子学工程师对重大的科学发现负有责任。
从创造新的和令人兴奋的光子学发明到撰写研究计划和报告，光子学工程师花他们的工作时间沉浸在科学和技术，将改变世界的面貌，因为它是现在。
光子工程师是做什么的?
光子学工程师是指使用光子学——激光、光学、光纤和成像——来创造和改进系统和产品的人。他们通过测试来检查系统是否正常工作以提高效率。光子学工程师通过开发实验产品来塑造现代技术，这些产品最终将完善为日常使用，包括用于电子产品和制造业的新型太阳能电池。
光子学工程师创造原型，以确定他们的想法是否可信。他们必须创造出可以日常使用的产品，而原型可以给他们的工作的有用性一个准确的概念。
由于大量信息可以通过光纤电缆快速可靠地传输，这项技术正在取代使用金属布线的电信系统。当他们在制造业工作时，他们创造了更简单、更省时的方法来制造产品。例如，他们可以制造一种可以切割原材料的激光器。他们也可以制造光学材料，使工厂更节能。在一家电子制造商，光子学工程师通过测试晶体来确定电视屏幕的能效。在军事上，激光被用于导航和为武器和导弹目标提供距离信息。在医疗领域，激光被用于许多诊断和治疗程序，并在眼睛和身体其他部位进行精密手术。
很多时间都花在研究他们快速发展的领域的新发展上。光电子工程师必须跟上其他工程师的发现和研究。他们经常与其他工程师一起参加会议，了解光子学世界的变化。当为他们的研究项目寻求资助资金或其他融资时，光子工程师们会写一份展示演绎推理的提案，证明成功的可能性高于失败的可能性。
光电子工程师的工作场所是什么样的?
大多数光子学工程师为大型电信公司、光纤生产商和制造工厂工作。他们通常在干净、现代的建筑中工作。他们也可以前往需要安装和维护激光的地方。工作时间是典型的每周40小时，然而，当研究项目必须在截止日期前完成时，加班有时是必要的。
光电子工程师也被称为:
光子产品开发工程师1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mantes-sur-Seine
|←Mantell, Gideon Algernon||1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume
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appeared almost simultaneously at that time. The former brought the message of a rebel spirit which forecast a new moral upheaval, a new social protest; the latter appeared clad in the gloom of his time, which he strangely combined with a spirit of almost anarchistic revolt. From the point of view of historical completeness Leonid Andreyev is more representative of the epoch, demonstrating at once two contradictory elements of the Russia of the 1890s: lack or even absence of faith interwoven with protest and mutiny.
Andreyev is symbolic and romantic. Her Majesty Fate and His Excellency Accident, these are the two dark, unknown, at times brutal forces which dwelt ever before the mind's eye. His symbols are full of horror and at times unbending atrocity. Beginning with his short stories, In Fog, The Life of Basil of Thebes, through his dramas, The Life of Man, and Anathema, until his last writings, he saw human beings in the form of ghosts and ghosts in the form of human beings dominating every step, every breath of life. Still his gruesome symbolism, despite his genius for rendering his images in a clear-cut, almost crystalline manner, did not appeal to many of his contemporaries because the dark shroud in which Andreyev enveloped life was impenetrable and at times it was impossible to discern in that gloom the few values which Andreyev still found in life. Leo Tolstoy said once: "Leonid Andreyev tries to frighten me, but I am not afraid."
Even in his splendid realistic dramas it is difficult for Andreyev to rid himself of the habit of symbolizing and dimming the few rays of light which try to filter through.
There was nevertheless a little corner in Andreyev's artistic heart where there appeared some indefinite hope which never acquired a specific artistic form, but which was alluded to many times in his writings. In his short story, Thought, he makes fragmentary allusions to his half-hope, half-idea: "If the lot of the Man be to become a God, his throne will be the Book," says the hero.
But the red laugh of the Russo-Japanese war, the abortive revolution of 1905, the general ignorance and darkness of the masses, the strain of the last war, the depreciation of human life as a value in itself, brought Leonid Andreyev to the last step of the pessimistic ladder which he was ever descending into the abyss of hopelessness. This state of mind is best illustrated by his last dramatic work, He Who Gets Slapped.
Here we see a man of high education, of great intellectual achievement, who leaves life, willingly in appearance, but forcibly in fact. The relations of man to man, of group to group, according to Andreyev are such that the Man is forced to efface himself. Even Thought, or the Book, could not help the Man to become a God. He becomes a clown. He performs stunts, he gets slaps; the public laughs, being unaware that this laughter is a mockery at itself, at its culture, at its thought, at its achievement.
The characters of this play are depicted with a bitter sarcasm and unfriendliness, for Andreyev seems to have lost his last faith in the Man. The good, the innocent and clean heart is bound to suffer and die. His Consuelo, Zinida, Bezano are only stray rays of light out of place in the world and even in the world-circus which is full of spiders, champagne, and human outcasts. Andreyev does not blame these outcasts. On the contrary, he feels sympathy, if for anybody, for just these clowns, jugglers, and bareback riders; but life, this strange combination of fate, accident, and cowardly slander, is stronger, and they collapse under the burden of this combination.
He Who Gets Slapped is the best work of Andreyev, at any rate his best dramatic work. It is more adapted to stage conditions than his previous plays and is not overcrowded with symbolic ghosts. Furthermore, the play is a remarkable summary of Andreyev's philosophy.Le lavatrici Bosch sono tra le marche più popolari nel mercato domestico. Ma hanno un unico inconveniente: icone, che denotano programmi e funzioni. In Bosch, le modalità di lavaggio sono spesso etichettate come modelli incomprensibili. Abiti e fiori suggeriscono pensieri diversi, e non è sempre possibile indovinare la prima volta che cosa significhi un particolare "geroglifico". Prima di utilizzare la lavabiancheria (CMA), è utile che l'utente familiarizzi con la decodifica delle immagini - questo eviterà la selezione errata e il danneggiamento delle cose a cui può condurre.
Caratteristiche SMA "Bosch"
Ci sono nomi di marchi che non hanno bisogno di pubblicità. Tra questi - la più antica azienda tedesca Bosch, impegnata nella produzione di elettrodomestici negli ultimi cento anni. Per far funzionare le lavatrici, è necessario utilizzarle correttamente.
- Alta durata. La qualità della costruzione praticamente non dipende dal paese di origine - l'azienda, valutando la sua reputazione, tiene d'occhio la produzione organizzata in altri paesi.
- Uso economico delle risorse. I modelli Bosch hanno una classe di efficienza energetica di almeno A + e A ++.
- Pesatura automatica Il dispositivo stesso calcola il consumo ottimale di acqua e polvere.
- Il tamburo VarioSoft garantisce un lavaggio delicato di tessuti delicati.
Tra le carenze degli esperti e degli utenti di "Bosey" si nota:
- lavoro rumoroso sullo spin;
- costo più elevato rispetto ai coetanei.
Perché abbiamo bisogno di badge?
Se si scrivono tutte le opzioni sul pannello di controllo con le parole, sarà completamente coperto da scritte: ciò è scomodo per la percezione e complica la ricerca della modalità desiderata. Che l'utente possa trovare rapidamente la funzione necessaria, vengono utilizzati i disegni associativi che spingono sul pensiero su processi specifici. Le immagini sono facili da ricordare, la cosa principale è scoprire una volta cosa intendono, e la memoria sceglierà facilmente l'opzione giusta.
Il produttore ha utilizzato per designare le opzioni di immagini intuitive. Ad esempio, una farfalla. È associato nella maggior parte delle persone con tenerezza e facilità. Non è difficile immaginare che questa sia una delicata modalità di lavaggio. Gli utenti con un pensiero associativo non sufficientemente sviluppato possono avere difficoltà a decodificare le immagini da soli - l'istruzione li aiuterà. I vantaggi dei disegni sopra le iscrizioni:
- occupare meno spazio;
- informativo;
- facilmente decodificato.
Una piccola immagine può contenere la quantità di informazioni stabilite da 2-3 frasi.
Come vengono decifrate le icone in Bosch?
Tutte le immagini raffigurate sui modelli della MCA dal marchio Bosch possono essere suddivise in tre categorie:
- Distintivi sulle cose. Specificano ciò che viene cancellato: jeans, tende, scarpe, articoli per bambini o articoli sportivi.
- A proposito del tipo di tessuto. Indicare i materiali di produzione: cotone, lana, seta, sintetici.
- Programmi e sottoprogrammi.
- Caratteristiche speciali
Qui ci sono le descrizioni delle immagini utilizzate dal marchio tedesco, e esamineremo più in dettaglio nella loro classificazione.
Icone di base
Questi includono disegni che vengono utilizzati in tutti i modelli Bosch:
- Designazione pulsante on / off. Sembra un cerchio con una linea verticale all'interno.
- Wash. L'immagine è un bacino mezzo pieno d'acqua. Esistono molte varianti del processo: manuale, preliminare, delicato, espresso, economico.
- Risciacquare. Taz con acqua.
- Spin. Spirale contorta Viene fornita la scelta dei turni.
Cose e tipi di tessuti
La modalità è selezionata in base al materiale di produzione e allo scopo del prodotto:
- Camicia, appesa al gancio - per sintetici. La durata del programma è determinata dal caricamento del tamburo. L'intervallo va da mezz'ora a 1,5 ore. Il riscaldamento dell'acqua è fino a 40 ° C. Articoli sintetici, cancellabili in questa modalità - in completa sicurezza.
- Vesti con un fiore e un corpo. Per cotone Durata: 2 ore. Il tempo varia a seconda delle opzioni opzionalmente selezionate. La temperatura massima è 90-95 ° C.
- Vestiti con un fiore e pantaloni. Lavaggio combinato e veloce. La durata è determinata dal carico del tamburo e del modello. Quindi, i dispositivi Classixx 5 Bosch vengono cancellati in questa modalità per mezz'ora e logixx 6 - 50 minuti. Il riscaldamento dell'acqua massimo nel modo espresso è 50 ° C.
- Vestito e farfalla Per tessuti sottili. Adatto per lana e seta. Le cose vengono lavate a 30 gradi, non di più.
- Una mano abbassata nel bacino e una matassa di lana. Per lavare tessuti delicati, in particolare lana.
- Jeans. Per il denim. Durata - 40 min. In CMA classixx 5 - un'ora e mezza.
- Camicia. Per camicie e camicette. Otstiryvanie a 40-60 gradi.
- Camicia. Per abbigliamento sportivo Temperatura - 40 gradi.
- Cursori. Per le cose dei bambini. Il processo si svolge a temperature elevate.
Icone di programma e sottoprogramma
Icone che indicano opzioni che consentono di controllare i parametri di lavaggio:
- Scodella con una freccia rivolta verso il basso. Questa designazione sta drenando l'acqua. La funzione può essere utile se è necessario arrestare la macchina.
- Bacino pieno d'acqua. Questo è un risciacquo. È possibile regolare l'intensità del processo.
- Spirale contorta Designazione di rotazione. Velocità di rotazione regolabile. Maggiore è il turnover, più intensi sono i push-up e le cose più secche all'uscita.
- Guarda. Indichiamo il lavaggio rapido. Il processo richiede fino a 40 minuti.
- Guarda con il settore ombreggiato - lavaggio super veloce per cose molto sporche.
Caratteristiche speciali
Queste sono opzioni che non sono in tutto, ma nei singoli modelli di "Bosch". Grazie alle impostazioni uniche, è possibile pulire qualitativamente le cose dalla contaminazione difficile da rimuovere nel più breve tempo possibile. Funzioni speciali in maxx 5, logixx, cancellatori di classixx:
- T-shirt con una macchia scura. Per cose pesantemente sporche. Intensivo intenso, che consente di salvare i prodotti da macchie difficili da rimuovere. Scegliendo questo programma, è necessario prendere in considerazione il tipo di tessuto, non per alte temperature e velocità.
- Lavare con una striscia verticale. Prelavaggio. Usato per facilitare otstiryvaniya. Lo scopo è simile alla funzione di ammollo. Scegli per vestiti pesantemente sporchi.
- Ferro. Opzione di stiratura facile. Previene lividi di cose. L'essenza del processo: rotazione a bassa velocità. Dopo questa funzione, i prodotti lavati sono più facili da stirare.
- Una bacinella d'acqua e una freccia rivolta verso l'alto. Questa è un'opzione di risciacquo opzionale. Impostare per un risciacquo migliore.
Le funzioni di cui sopra non riguardano solo gli indicatori di qualità del processo, ma anche le risorse.
Come impostare la modalità ottimale?
Prima di installare la lavatrice, esaminare le cose da lavare. Se non si è sicuri di quale materiale sia e come possa essere testato, studiare l'etichetta con disegni convenzionali. Sull'etichetta, che è letteralmente collegata a ogni cosa, ci sono informazioni sulla composizione del tessuto, sulla temperatura consentita, sull'uso di detersivi, candeggina, ecc. Ci sono prodotti che non sono consigliati per il lavaggio automatico - si raccomanda di lavarli a mano.
Nelle rondelle Bosch, le icone sono raffigurate vicino all'interruttore a rotazione, con un semplice movimento del polso viene selezionato un programma adatto. Questo può essere limitato e puoi apportare modifiche al programma selezionato o aggiungere opzioni aggiuntive, migliorando la qualità del lavaggio.
Consigli utili
Le immagini condizionali utilizzate negli apparecchi Bosch sono per molti versi simili ai disegni stampati sulle etichette di abbigliamento. Questo rende più facile la scelta della giusta modalità. Suggerimenti per la scelta:
- Assicurati di apprendere l'etichetta allegata ai vestiti: decifrare le icone raffigurate su di esso.
- Scopri esattamente quale effetto avrà questa o quella opzione su una cosa particolare prima di installarla.
- Non caricare contemporaneamente prodotti bianchi e a colori nel tamburo.
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iddia etti. Alexander Sargsyan, 1985-1995 yılları arasında Rusya’da iş yaptığını ve büyük miktarda parayla Ermenistan’a geri döndüğünü öne sürdü.
Paşinyan, eski cumhurbaşkanının kardeşinin 30 milyon dolarının şimdi gönüllü olarak hazineye nakledilmeye hazır olduğunu söyledi. “Armen Avetisyan’ın ailesinin birkaç gün önce Devlet Mülkiyet Yönetimi Departmanına başvurduğunu ve Tsaghkadzor’daki Golden Palace Oteli’ne devlete bağışta bulunacağını söyledim.” dedi. Pashinyan, transfer prosedürünün gerçekleştirilmesi durumunda otelin açık artırmaya açık olacağını söyledi. Başbakanın tahminlerine göre otel, yaklaşık 20 milyon dolar değerinde.
Aleksander Sargsyan ne yapmıştı?
Ermenistan’ın eski cumhurbaşkanının kardeşi Serj Sarkisyan (Sashik)’ın cumhurbaşkanlığı döneminde birçok işadamının gelirlerinin yüzde 50’sini Sashik’e vermek zorunda kaldıkları söylendi. Ermenistan’daki iktidar değişikliği sonrasında, bu fonların hazineye iade edilmesi için çağrılar yapıldı.
Pashinyan, transfer prosedürünün gerçekleştirilmesi durumunda otelin açık artırmada açık olacağını söyledi. Gösterge veren başbakanın tahminlerine göre, yaklaşık 20 milyon dolar değerinde.How to not take someone’s body language personally
Oh no, arms crossed over the chest!
What have I done to deserve that?
They hate me!”
Maybe… maybe not.
Most people jump to the conclusion of ‘bad news’ when they see a person crossing their arms. This “closed posture” often causes the viewer(s) discomfort and a feeling of being ‘shut out.’ In business, the perception is usually seen as “They are annoyed” or “not open to discussion.”
Whether it’s a feeling of being judged, or you’ve done something wrong, or they don’t want to talk, it can feel awfully lonely when you are on the receiving side of crossed arms, even if it all could be a hallucination.
Every day, we balance our observations of others’ behaviors and our emotional responses to what we observed against what might benefit one or more situation(s) and be drawback(s) in another.
Imagine a sliding scale with positive on one end and negative perception on the other. Now, rate the following behaviors on that scale: raised voice, rapid breathing, stern tone, slightly dropped chin, wide eyes, erect posture, and pointed finger. Most observers would place these behaviors somewhere on the negative side of the scale by labeling them as upset or angry responses.
Each behavior taken independently could indicate multiple emotions besides anger or distress. They all play a role, and in a different context, one might use the same behavior pattern to alert others to danger. If they used those same behaviors to keep us safe, many observers would slide the behavior(s) to the positive side of the scale.
Quickly reading one movement or a single segment of someone else’s body language more accurately tells how you and they are feeling in the moment, not what they are thinking.
Of course, arms crossed over the torso are not the only body language position that can be misinterpreted. Behaviors and the body language patterns they create are neither good nor bad; they are simply behaviors. The context, including how you feel in the moment, changes the perception of the “rightness” or “wrongness.”
Sometimes it’s hardest to come to terms with the most straightforward conclusion. Many people habitually cross their arms across their chests when listening or waiting. Could it be that crossing their arms is relaxing their backs and necks? Or maybe those crossed arms indicate they are chilly or have gas from that lousy lunch.The Resurrection and Genesis
Earth © iStockphoto/enot-poloskun
On Easter, many Christians around the world celebrate the Resurrection of our “great God and Saviour, Jesus Christ” (Titus 2:13). For them, this is the most important holiday of the Christian calendar.1 The doctrine of the Resurrection of Christ is one of the most important doctrines of Christianity; without the Resurrection, we have no hope of salvation from our sins (1 Corinthians 15:12–18).
The earliest evidence
The doctrine of the Resurrection of Christ is one of the most important doctrines of Christianity; without the Resurrection, we have no hope of salvation from our sins (1 Corinthians 15:12–18).
The Resurrection accounts in the Gospels, while the most well-known, are neither the only nor the earliest evidence we have of Christian writing about the Resurrection. That honour goes to 1 Thessalonians; one of the earliest of Paul’s letters, which was written around AD 50.2 So about two decades after Christ’s death, there was a group of people who insisted He was raised from the dead, and had built a decent portion of their theology around that fact; and such theologizing does not happen overnight. But the Gospel accounts, while penned decades after the events they describe (circa AD 30–33), go back to early oral tradition and/or personal recollection.3 And this tradition lacks much of the theologizing that’s a major part of Paul’s letters, which is why we can tell that it goes back to very early accounts which were reliably recorded.4
The Gospel accounts
The Resurrection accounts in the four canonical Gospels (penned from AD 67–855) are often criticized for being contradictory, but many of the alleged contradictions are no more than we would expect from any four different accounts of an event several decades after the fact. They include things such as who precisely made up the group of women who went to the tomb, whether there was one angel or two, and so on. Most of these are not even contradictory, since they are not mutually exclusive; for instance, one account may mention only the angel who spoke, while the other account mentioned both angels. It would be a contradiction if one account specified only one angel.
It makes sense that the men who wrote the accounts might recall different details, even seemingly conflicting details, in their retelling of the event. It does not make sense to say that since different women are included in the lists, the Resurrection obviously did not occur.6
The Early Church
One of the strongest evidences for the historicity of the Resurrection is indirect: the Resurrection is the only explanation for historical events which otherwise make no sense. First, the disciples of Jesus went from cowering in an upper room to proclaiming in the streets a little over a month later that Jesus was the Jewish Messiah and had risen from the dead. Most of the apostles were martyred in various ways when they could have simply recanted. One could argue that many Christians were deluded, but to say that the apostles would die for what they knew to be a lie stretches credulity.7
Also, a bodily resurrection was about the most unlikely way a first-century Jew would have explained an empty tomb. First-century Jews had diverse beliefs about the afterlife; some believed in the Resurrection, others did not (e.g. the Sadducees (Matthew 22:23)), and some believed that only some would be resurrected. But no type of Judaism believed that one person was going to be resurrected before everyone else; this is likely why the disciples had no idea what Jesus was talking about when He predicted His death and resurrection.
Implications of Christ’s Resurrection for His Followers
There is evidence that, almost from the beginning of the Christian movement, Christ’s resurrection was used to explain what His believers would experience in the Resurrection. In 1 Thessalonians 4:13–18, Paul gives the earliest example of Resurrection theology: “We believe that Jesus died and rose again and so we believe that God will bring with Jesus those who have fallen asleep in him.” So the Resurrection of Jesus becomes the basis for the Christian’s resurrection when He returns. In Philippians 3:20–21, we find the explicit statement that our resurrection bodies will be just like that of Jesus.
Christ as the Firstfruits of the Resurrection and the Last Adam
The most important developments of Paul’s theology regarding the resurrection of believers are his statements in 1 Corinthians 15 and Romans 5:12–21 (penned in AD 53–548 and AD 57–58,9 respectively). In the former, we find for the first time the reason why Christians can expect to be resurrected because of Jesus’ resurrection; Jesus is “the firstfruits” of the Resurrection, a guarantee that those who are under Him will also be raised when He returns (1 Corinthians 15:23).
Paul essentially makes the argument that there are two ultimate ‘heads’ of two types of humanity; Adam and Christ. Adam’s sin makes us all sinners by nature, but Jesus’ sacrifice enabled our sin to be credited to Him (Isaiah 53:6), and His perfect life enabled His righteousness to be credited to believers in Him (2 Corinthians 5:21).
Paul essentially makes the argument that there are two ultimate ‘heads’ of two types of humanity; Adam and Christ.10 Adam’s sin makes us all sinners by nature, but Jesus’ sacrifice enabled our sin to be credited to Him (Isaiah 53:6), and His perfect life enabled His righteousness to be credited to believers in Him (2 Corinthians 5:21). All people are under either one or the other, and the action of one’s “head” determines their standing before God.
“Paul is insisting that people were really ‘made’ sinners through Adam’s act of disobedience just as they were really ‘made righteous’ through Christ’s obedience. … To be righteous does not mean to be morally upright, but to be judged acquitted, cleared of all charges, in the heavenly judgment. Through Christ’s obedient act, people became really righteous; but ‘righteousness’ itself is a legal, not a moral, term in this context.”11
Paul calls Jesus the “Last Adam”, because humanity’s relationship to Adam is the only one that remotely resembles the relationship of Christians to Christ. Even so, most of the time Paul talks about them in terms of contrasting the two; the only similarity he ever brings out between the two is that both were heads of humanity whose actions had far-reaching consequences for those under them.12 This similarity is the foundation for the contrasts he goes on to point out: Christ’s action is infinitely better than Adam’s, and Christ Himself is infinitely better than Adam.13
The first man, Adam: a historical figure
The Resurrection of Christ marks the dawning of what can quite literally be called a ‘new humanity’ under Christ. But if our sinfulness does not come from being under a sinful head of humanity, the first Adam, then we cannot be made righteous under a new head of humanity, the Last Adam, Jesus Christ.
This comparison between Adam and Christ requires that both Adam and Christ be historical figures who both have a kind of headship over the humanity that is under them, whose actions had widespread consequences for those under them. More specifically, it requires that Adam be the literal ancestor of all humans, and that it was his sin that really caused the introduction of death and the estrangement of humanity from God, just as Christ is a historical human being whose life of obedience to God and sacrificial death reconcile us to God and pay the sin-debt in a way that no one else could.
Some argue that it is not necessary for Adam to be historical. But this reasoning fails because it requires sinfulness and mortality to be the original state of humanity. The whole point is that sin and death intruded on human history when Adam disobeyed God’s command. This is the reason why Christ’s obedience and sacrificial death were needed to overturn the rule of sin and death.14 If Jesus has to be a historical person, then so does Adam. The historicity of the Person of Jesus and His sacrifice means that we will be free from sin and death in the Resurrection. But without the historicity of Adam, we do not know why the world was under the rule of sin and death in the first place. If death had always been a part of the created order, part of what God called “very good” (Genesis 1:31), then there is no way that death could be called “the last enemy” (1 Corinthians 15:26).15 Even those who do not believe Adam was a historical figure have to admit that Paul treats Adam as a historical figure.16
Conclusion: without a historical Adam and Fall, the Gospel dangles rootlessly
It is possible to be a Christian while not believing that the first chapters of Genesis relate historical events. However, it leaves such Christians with little foundation to resist the attacks and ridicule of non-Christians, because those few chapters set the stage for everything to come, both in the Old and New Testament. Genesis is the foundation of the Gospel; without that we are left without an explanation for the origin of everything Christ came to remedy. The Resurrection of Christ marks the dawning of what can quite literally be called a “new humanity” under Christ. But if our sinfulness does not come from being under a sinful head of humanity, the first Adam, then we cannot be made righteous under a new head of humanity, the Last Adam, Jesus Christ. They logically stand or fall together, as Paul realized.17
How do we date the New Testament documents?
Some might wonder how scholars date the New Testament documents; after all, they do not come with dates attached to them! We can say little with absolute certainty; some would date the Gospels earlier than this article has, others would date them much later, and the same goes for some of Paul’s letters. The testimony of the Church Fathers is of some help; while it is not infallible, it can be a good starting point. There are also clues within the text itself which can help us date it.
For instance, when Matthew records Jesus’ prediction that the Temple will be destroyed (Matthew 24: 1–2), and does not include a note about its fulfillment, we can take it as a sign that the Gospel was penned before the destruction of the Temple in AD 70. It would be like a guidebook on New York that mentions the Twin Towers as still standing, with no mention that terrorists had destroyed them—this would be evidence that the book was written before 11 September 2001.
Similarly, we know that Paul was martyred in AD 64, so when Luke ends Acts with no mention of what happened to Paul, we can conclude that Luke wrote Acts before Paul was martyred. Acts is the sequel to Luke, so this forces an even earlier date for Luke, and Luke likely used Mark as a source, so this pushes the date for Mark back.
Even knowing that the Gospels were penned decades after the events they describe, we can trust them as reliable accounts because they were either penned by eyewitnesses (in the case of Matthew and John), or by people who used the testimony of eyewitnesses (in the case of Mark and Luke).1 At the time they were written, other eyewitnesses would have been alive who could authenticate the stories in the Gospels, and the inclusion of less than flattering information about the early Church leaders shows that their concern for accuracy kept them from whitewashing the accounts.
References and notes
- See also Sarfati, J., Does Easter have a pagan derivation? Was Jesus really crucified on a Friday? creation.com/easter, 5 April 2008. Return to text.
- Bruce, F., 1 & 2 Thessalonians, Word Biblical Commentary, p. xxi, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1982. Return to text.
- This does not exclude inspiration by the Holy Spirit (John 14:26, 16:13; 2 Timothy 3:15–17; 2 Peter 1:20–21); see also Sarfati, J., The Authority of Scripture, Apologia 3(2):12–16, 1994; creation.com/authority. Return to text.
- Wright, N.,
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اقض نیست. چون امر سرپرستی نمی تواند بر عهده هر کسی باشد. و اینگونه نیست که هر کس، بتواند بر ما امر و فرمان کند و سرپرست ما شود. مگر فرد یا افرادی خاص که از جانب خدا باشد. و این آیه می گوید که امر ولایت به معنای سرپرستی بعد از خدا و رسولش به عهده فرد یا افرادی است که در حال رکوع نماز زکات می دهند.
ماهیت و سنخ ولایت رسول اکرم و امام علی
با دقت بیشتر مطلبی دیگر نیز از آیه دریافت می شود: با وجود اینکه خدا ولایت بر مؤمنین را بعد از خودش برای رسول اکرم (ص) و حضرت علی (ع) نیز مطرح می کند، ولی به جای به کار بردن کلمه "اولیاءکم" به صورت جمع از "ولیکم" که مفرد است استفاده نموده است.
از مطرح شدن کلمه ولی به صورت مفرد می توان فهمید که خداوند متعال خواسته است ولایت خویش را در اختیار رسول اکرم (ص) و حضرت علی (ع) نیز قرار دهد بدون آنکه این مقام را از خود سلب کند. که ولایت آنها از همان سنخ ولایت خداوند می باشد. بدین معنی که اگر خداوند گفته بود اولیاءکم معلوم بود که صحبت از چند نوع ولایت متفاوت است که افرادی آنرا بر مؤمنین دارند. در حالیکه خدا اینگونه نگفته است و یک نوع، ولایت را مشخص کرده است. در حقیقت ولایت خداوند و ولایت رسول اکرم (ص) و حضرت علی (ع) یک نوع ولایت است با این تفاوت که ولایت خدا، ذاتی و به طور مستقل است؛ بدین معنی که ولایت خداوند را کسی در اختیارش نگذاشته است. (خدا به این علت که خالق همه چیز است، باید ولی و سرپرست و صاحب اختیار همه موجودات باشد.) اما ولایت پیامبر (ص) و حضرت علی (ع) را خدا به آنها اعطا نموده است و ولایت آنها به ولایت خدا وابسته می باشد.
همانطور که شیعه نیز قائل است رسول اکرم و ائمه معصومین (ع) بنده خدا می باشند و هر آنچه که در اختیار دارند از جانب خداوند می باشد و خدا به آنها اعطا کرده است و آنها از خود به تنهایی هیچ ندارند.
منـابـع
سایت اسلامی شیعی رشد
حسن حکیم باشی- سبب نزول آیه ولایت- پژوهشهای قرآنی- شماره دوم- صفحه 90- 88
کلیــد واژه هــا
0 نظر اشتراک گذاری ارسال چاپ پرسش در مورد این مطلب افزودن به علاقه مندی ها巴布亚新几内亚和所罗门群岛天主教主教团就世界难民日发出呼吁。来自与巴布亚新几内亚接壤的印度尼西亚省的另外 10 个家庭最近抵达瓦尼莫，加入了过去 30 年抵达的 12,000 个家庭。澳洲新政府被要求向仍留在该国的马努斯岛上的 104 名前被驱逐者提供医疗援助。
莫尔兹比港（亚洲新闻）- 在今天庆祝的 ‘世界难民日’ 之际，巴布亚新几内亚和所罗门群岛天主教主教团发表了以下由其秘书长、宗座外方传教士乔治·利奇尼神父（Giorgio Licini）签署的声明，内容涉及巴布亚新几内亚问题的各个方面和迫切需要采取行动。
今天，世界想起了生活在我们中间的一群特殊人的故事和旅程。 2022 年 6 月 20 日是世界难民日。在巴布亚新几内亚，我们聚集在一起承认生活在我们中间的难民。我们有来自西巴布亚的难民，他们已经在巴布亚新几内亚生活了三十多年。我们有寻求庇护者于 2013 年从澳洲被带到巴布亚新几内亚。我们有来自其他几个国家的难民和寻求庇护者，包括巴基斯坦、孟加拉国和厄瓜多尔，他们单独来到巴布亚新几内亚寻求安全。
对于这些人，天主教主教团和各自的教区，以及志同道合的非政府组织和相关的国家行为者正在联合起来提高认识，但更重要的是要提高他们的困境的知名度，以便负责当局采取适当和人道的态度采取行动结束他们的痛苦，让他们对我们所有人都应得的更美好生活充满希望。
西巴布亚人：目前约有 12,000 名来自西巴布亚的美拉尼西亚人居住在巴布亚新几内亚，主要分布在国家首都区（NCD）、西部和桑道恩省。值此之际，我想呼吁巴布亚新政府采取合理措施，采取具体行动，促进他们融入我们的社会。我想强调一些主要的和长期的障碍，这些障碍继续阻碍西巴布亚人有意义地融入巴布亚新几内亚社会。其中包括延长难民处理时间、缺乏政府签发的身份证件，以及重要的土地特许权。在莫尔兹比港，200 多个家庭住在棚户区，迫在眉睫的被驱逐威胁。事实上，他们中的一些人已经被从一个地方驱逐到另一个地方五次，最终被允许蹲在 Gerehu 郊区 Rainbow 的一块荒地上。这是一个痛苦的故事，至少和让孩子们辍学、几天不吃东西、在开放的公园里睡在寒冷中一样痛苦。
在瓦尼莫，10 个家庭于 2022 年 11 月 17 日从西巴布亚抵达。他们的情况需要政府迅速果断的干预。由于担心资源竞争而被一些村庄拒绝，他们现在被允许暂时定居。但是，政府的行动仍然非常缓慢，使这些弱势群体面临更多风险。缺乏适当的土地分配和法律安排使西巴布亚人的生活非常困难。此外，西部省的西巴布亚爱荷华州难民营需要通过公路更好地连接到该省其他地区和基恩格镇。
2013 年区域安置安排：在被强制转移到马努斯群岛的 1523 人中。 2013 年，根据区域移民安排，来自澳洲的 104 人留在巴布亚新几内亚，主要来自中东和亚洲。对于老年人和十几个患有各种慢性健康问题的人，他们的状况将很快陷入极度绝望和身体贫困，这尤其令人担忧。对于他们，我们向澳洲新政府提出了一项具体要求，即开辟一条新的医疗途径，以妥善解决心理健康问题，以及心血管疾病、骨折、皮肤病等问题。
国内流离失所的人：在内部，由于巫术实践和指控、冲突、自然灾害以及越来越多的气候变化和海平面上升的影响，我们有些人被迫离开家园。这些人也需要我们的欢迎。他们需要我们的祈祷和团结。作为一个负责任的政府和社会，我们不能排斥那些需要我们帮助的人、那些不能自给自足的人以及那些失去生计的人。政府和包括教会在内的所有利益相关者必须为这些人共同努力。为了实现繁荣和有意义的生活，我们必须一起旅行。 2022 年 6 月 7 日，在马当，我们在澳洲明爱的支持下成立了天主教安全屋协会，其想法是增加（目前有六个）主要是巫术相关暴力受害者可以找到庇护和支持的地方。
农民工：我们也不能忽视那些来我国工作的人。移民工人
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ریم که وظیفه آن درواقع برنامه ریزی و تبیین سیاست هاست و تمام زوایا را در نظر می گیرد. انشاءالله بتوانیم این برنامه را مصوب کنیم و در چارچوب قانونی، مسابقات المپیاد را انجام بدهیم. مطمئن باشید المپیادی که بر اساس چارچوب تدوین شده باشد، شور، نشاط و انگیزه ورزش کردن را در میان کارکنان ایجاد می کند. باز هم تاکید می کنم که برای برگزاری مسابقات، باید مجوز قانونی اخذ شود؛ چون ملزم هستیم که کار را در چارچوب قانون جلو ببریم.
به سلامت کارکنان اشاره داشتید. برنامه شناسنامه سلامت کارکنان در چه مرحله ای قرار دارد؟
یکی از وظایف این اداره کل، بحث سلامت کارکنان است. در این بخش در دوره های گذشته، کارهای خوبی انجام شده و مراکزی با عنوان کلینیک های طبی ورزشی و پایش سلامت در4 شرکت اصلی، بخصوص شرکت ملی نفت ایران دایر و یکسری تست هایی در قالب پایش، سنجش و اندازه گیری آمادگی جسمانی کارکنان انجام و برای آنها پرونده تشکیل شده است که متاسفانه با فراگیر شدن بیماری کرونا مجموعه ها تعطیل شدند و عملا این پروژه روی زمین ماند، از این رو این موضوع از اولویت های اداره کل به شمار می رود و باید این پروژه را عملیاتی کنیم . همانطور که گفتم، یکی از برنامه های اصلی ما اجرایی کردن این پروژه است که با هماهنگی همکاران در 4 شرکت اصلی و بهداشت و درمان، بحث شناسنامه سلامت برای کارکنان را حتما اجرایی و عملیاتی می کنیم.
این برنامه فقط مختص به کارکنان رسمی است یا شامل کارکنان مدت موقت و پیمانکار هم می شود؟
ما در ابتدا به کارکنان رسمی و خانواده هایشان خدمات ارائه می کنیم. در بحث شناسنامه سلامت هم در برنامه ای که از قبل تهیه شده بود، صرفا این پروژه به کارکنان رسمی اختصاص دارد و خانواده های آنها در فاز دوم قرارمی گیرند؛ اما در مورد کارکنان مدت معین و موقت، بر اساس استعلامی که از مبادی ذیربط گرفته بودیم، در صورت داشتن امکانات و ظرفیت های موجود، ارائه خدمات به این کارکنان بلامانع است؛ اما در ابتدا، از کارکنان رسمی شروع می کنیم.
در خصوص استفاده از اماکن ورزشی هم شرایط به همین صورت است؟
به هر شکل باید ظرفیت وجود داشته باشد که بتوانیم خدمات ارائه کنیم. معتقدم که اگر برنامه ریزی درست باشد، می توانیم به سایر عزیزان هم خدمات خوبی بدهیم. کما اینکه قبل از بیماری کرونا و تعطیلی اماکن ورزشی، به کارکنان مدت معین و مدت موقت هم خدماتی داده می شد.
از بحث ورزش همگانی که بگذریم، به ورزش قهرمانی می رسیم. چند سالی است که حال ورزش قهرمانی در نفت خوب نیست. در گچساران می بینیم تیم هندبال این شهر که زمانی به باشگاه های آسیا رفت و حتی چهارم شد، حالا به سختی در لیگ سرپا مانده و در رده تیم های پایین جدول قرار دارد. رشته های دیگر هم همین شرایط را دارند. برنامه ای برای سرپا شدن ورزش قهرمانی دارید که دوباره جان بگیرند؟
نمی خواهم مسؤولان قبلی را قضاوت کنم. شما به عنوان یک متخصص ورزشی که از بعد رسانه پیگیری می کنید، اعتقاد دارید که حال ورزش قهرمانی نفت خوب نیست و من هم این را قبول دارم. متاسفانه وجود یکسری بخشنامه های ورزشی کارشناسی نشده، باعث شد که در ورزش قهرمانی، شادابی و موفقیت های قبل را نداشته باشیم.ورودی جنوبی ایستگاه مترو دروازه شمیران به بهره برداری رسید
كار در محل: ورودی جنوبی ایستگاه دروازه شمیران و نیز پست فشار قوی 63/20 كیلوولت ایستگاه اكباتان امروز با حضور علی امام مدیرعامل شركت مترو به بهره برداری رسید.
به گزارش كار در محل به نقل از مهر، بهره برداری از ورودی جنوبی ایستگاه دروازه شمیران در جنوب این ایستگاه و نیز پست فشار قوی ۶۳/۲۰ كیلوولت ایستگاه اكباتان امروز با حضور علی امام مدیرعامل شركت مترو و بعضی از مدیران ارشد این شركت بهره برداری شد. مدیرعامل شركت مترو با اشاره به بهره برداری از این ورودی عنوان كرد: ایستگاه دروازه شمیران یك ایستگاه تقاطعی بین خط ۲ و ۴ است كه هر یك از این ۲ خط تا قبل از این دارای ۲ ورودی مستقل بودند. وی در ادامه اضافه كرد: سازه این ورودی در مجتمع تجاری – اداری ابن سینا تعبیه شده و امكان تردد شهروندان از بیرون از این مجتمع در مجاورت آن امكان پذیر است. مدیرعامل شركت مترو با بیان این كه مقدمات ساخت ورودی جنوبی ایستگاه دروازه شمیران از ۱۰ سال قبل فراهم شده بود، عنوان كرد: به سبب برخی مشكلات حقوقی كه با مالك مطرح بود امكان بهره برداری از آن فراهم نبود. خوشبختانه امروز با رفع مشكلات حقوقی شاهد راه اندازی آن در ضلع جنوب میدان ابن سینا هستیم. امام همین طور اشاره كرد: با توجه به این كه این ورودی حكم زیرگذر عابر پیاده را نیز دارد با بهره برداری از آن تردد �
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وخت و یک فیلتر روغن.
موتورهای احتراق داخلی برای عملکرد موثر به هوای تمیز نیاز دارند. برای دور نگه داشتن موتور خودرو از آلاینده ها، فیلتر هوا زباله ها و آلاینده ها را از بین می برد. اگر این مواد مانند گرده، گرد و غبار، کثیفی جاده و حشرات راه خود را پیدا کنند، اگر فوراً مشاهده نشود، می تواند باعث آسیب داخلی موتور شود.
فیلتر هوای مسدود شده برای مصرف سوخت مضر است و همچنین باعث مشکلات مکانیکی دیگری مانند کندی موتور یا شلیک نادرست می شود. از سوی دیگر، همانطور که نمودار وزارت انرژی ایالات متحده در زیر نشان می دهد، موتورهایی که روی فیلتر تمیز کار می کنند، شتاب بهتری دارند.
فیلتر هوای کابین خودروی شما بخشی از سیستم تهویه آن است. این کمک می کند که هوای داخل کابین خودرو تمیز و عاری از آلاینده های هوا (مانند گرد و غبار، گرده، دود اگزوز و غیره) در حین رانندگی باشد.
حفظ کیفیت هوای کابین تنها وظیفه فیلتر هوا نیست. همچنین از مسدود شدن آن آلایندهها جلوگیری میکند نه تنها تجمع باکتریها میتواند به اثرات نامطلوب سلامتی کمک کند.
هر چه مدت زمان بیشتری کولر گازی خود را در این حالت رها کنید، احتمال بیشتری برای تنفس باکتری ها وجود دارد که منجر به واکنش های آلرژیک و عفونت می شود.martedì, 02 ottobre 2012
Ha scelto una partita di calcio giovanile americana per fare un'invasione di campo a seno nudo. La giovane donna si è tolta la maglia reastando a seno nudo, colorato di bianco e blu, mentre i ragazzini
si stavano schierando a centro del campo prima dell'inizio della partita. La ragazza è stata placcata da uno steward e accomagnata fuori del campo.
sabato, 29 settembre 2012
A nulla sono valsi i tentativi del conduttore di interrompere le trasmissioni prima che accadesse l'irreparabile. Un uomo, ricercato e inseguito dalla polizia, si è sparato un colpo di pistola in testa in diretta tv. E' successo in Arizona e l'emittente televisiva è
Fox News. ”Mi scuso per quanto accaduto” ha detto il conduttore televisivo, Shepard Smith. ”Noi vediamo molte cose che non trasmettiamo perchè non appropriato” aggiunge Smith, riferendosi al fatto che negli studi le immagini scorrono cinque secondi prima di andare in onda così da poter evitare la trasmissione di ”cose terribili. Siamo desolati”.
L’incidente conquista subito la rete, con commenti di navigatori, e il video viene ripreso da diversi siti internet. ”La sola ragione per la quale si trasmettono gli inseguimenti è la speranza di vedere un incidente – affermano alcuni navigatori – Mostrare pura violenza non è informazione”.
mercoledì, 19 settembre 2012
A Raleigh, nel Nord Carolina, c'è chi parla di lui come di un fenomeno. Un bambino in grado di stare sul palco e parlare dal microfono con una scioltezza da predicatore consumato. Il video che testimonia queste doti straordinarie risale al 2008 ma è ritornato a circolare in rete con i sottotitoli. Diffuso da David D Tipton III, il filmato immortala il piccolo intento a dispensare consigli citando Gesù e la Bibbia senza mai interrompersi. Il significato del suo discorso non è chiaro.
Qualcuno sostiene che il Signore parli attraverso di lui lanciando messaggi in codice. Altri ritengono che il bambino imiti semplicemente le movenze e le frasi ripetute dal palco dei predicatori che segue ogni giorno.
Video | Lady Gaga Si Fa Una Canna Sul Palco Durante Il Concerto ad Amsterdam " Meglio L'erba Dell'Alcol "
Nella data olandese del suo tour, Lady Gaga non poteva non fumare unospinello. Certo nessuno (o forse tutti) si aspettava che l'avrebbe fatto sul palco, durante il concerto ad Amsterdam.
La cantante vorrebbe parlare della legalizzazione della marijuana al presidente Barack Obama, e dal palco scherza: « Preferisco l’erba all’alcol. Ho smesso di bere».
I fan ancora si chiedono se si tratti di marketing, mentre il video della sua 'fumata' è diventato uno dei più cliccati su Youtube.
venerdì, 14 settembre 2012
La fine della relazione fra Kristen Stewart e Robert Pattinson ha decisamente scosso il mondo del gossip. Dopo la scoperta della relazione fra la Stuart e il regista del suo ultimo film, Rupert Sanders, l'ex vampiro ha abbandonato il tetto "coniugale" per iniziare una vita da single.
Sulla separazione in rete pero c'e un video particolare, che vede uncomplotto dietro la chiusura della love story. Le foto del tradimento infatti sarebbero state stranamente "manomesse", ma si sa che su internet il mondo dei complottisti è molto ampio..Learn something new every day More Info... by email
Operating temperature is the temperature range in which a computer or other electronic device can function properly. If this range is exceeded while a computer is on, for example, there can be temporary or permanent effects to its performance. Most kinds of electronic devices are not designed to function in temperatures above a certain point, though that point can vary from around 122°F to 176°F (about 50°C to 80°C). The optimal temperature range for a computer is from around 60°F to 75°F (about 15°C to 24°C), similar to what is most comfortable for people. Computers rely on various thermal management methods, such as fans and heatsinks, to control internal heating and maintain a safe operating temperature.
An equation known as the Arrhenius equation states that each 18°F (about 10°C) rise in temperature will decrease the lifetime of computer components by 50 percent, and an 18°F (about 10°C) reduction will increase component life by 100 percent. For a computer to operate reliably and last as long as possible, it should be kept in a cool place. Complex silicone-based processors generate a lot of heat that can damage a computer or any electronic device. When turned off, computers can tolerate much lower temperatures, but can be damaged if they are cold when they are turned on. Acclimate a computer before turning it on by plugging it into an electrical socket; it will warm up quickly.
System reliability is improved by various technological innovations in thermal management. The operating temperature of a central processing unit (CPU) can be regulated by a properly mounted heatsink. A fan heatsink is attached to the processor with thermally conductive material, so heat can be transferred from the processor to the heatsink, while a cable attached to the motherboard allows central monitoring and control of fan speed. To regulate the temperature, sensors and other monitoring circuitry take temperature measurements and trigger signals to make the fan speed faster or slower.
Advanced heatsinks have been designed to meet size requirements of modern cell phone technology, because mobile devices can’t practically incorporate fans. Fans are an integral component of just about all computers, from desktops to laptops and, just like when used in a room, serve to regulate the internal environment. This controls the operating temperature so system reliability is kept at a maximum. It is not just the CPU but the hard drive, video card, motherboard, and memory components that generate heat in a computer or other electronic device, so operating temperature must constantly be regulated.Çene kemikleri üstünde dizili olan, ısırmaya ve çiğnemeye yarayan organlarımıza diş diyoruz. Diş, ağız mukozasının üst tabakasının bir ürünüdür. Her diş, bir boyunla iki bölüme ayrılır; görünmeyen bölüme kök, görünen bölüme ise taç denir. Dişler taç bölümünün şekline göre sınıflandırılır ve dişlerin görevleri de bu taç bölümünün şekline bağlıdır. Ana olarak kesici dişler, azı dişleri ve köpek dişleri olmak üzere üç ana grupta sınıflandırılan dişlerin her birinin farklı birer fonksiyon ve işlevi vardır. Ayrı olarak belirtmek gerekir ki, azı dişleri de kendi aralarında büyük azı dişleri ve küçük azı dişleri olarak sınıflandırılır.
Azı dişlerin öğütücü yüzeylerinde koni biçimli çıkıntılar vardır. Bazı dişlerin bir bazılarının da birden fazla kökü vardır. (genellikler ön dişlerde bir, küçük azılarda iki, büyük azı dişlerde ise üç kök bulunur)
Dişler, kemik ana maddesine benzeyen bir madde ile amorf kireçten (fosfat ve kalsiyum karbonat) oluşmuşlardır. İçlerinde ince diş kanalcıkları bulunur. Dişin taç bölümü mine denen bir tabakayla kaplıdır. Diş minesinin yapısında çok sert bir kireç bulunur. Kök ise kemik yapılı seman ile kaplıdır. Diş, çene kemiğindeki diş yuvasına bir kirişle bağlıdır. Bu kirişin lifleri semandan kaynaklanır ve dişyuvası kemiğinde son bulur. Dişin içinde kan damarlarını ve duyu sinirlerini içeren canlı bir bölüm bulunur ve bu bölüme dişözü denir. Bu sinirler alt ve üst çene sinirlerinin dallarıdırlar ve kökte bulunan bir ya da birden çok delikle dişözüne girerler.
SÜT DİŞLER
İnsan dişsiz doğar. Aslında yeni doğmuş bir bebek, kesici dişleri oluşumlarını tamamlamış olarak doğar ama üçüncü aydan itibaren çıkarlar. Bu ilk diş çıkartma çoğunlukla ateş yükselmesi ve ağrılı diş iltihaplarıyla birlikte görülür. Dişler belli bir sırayla çıkarlar; ilk önce alt çenenin ortasındaki iki kesici diş, ardından üst-orta iki kesici, üst-yan iki kesici, alt-yan iki kesici, ilk dört küçük azı, dört köpekdişi ve en son ikinci dört küçük azı sıralamasıyla çıkar.
Bir yaşındaki bir çocuğun on ya da on iki, on sekiz aylık bir çocuğun on altı, iki yaşındaki bi çocuğun ise yirmi dişi vard
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مع و کاربردی]
writeme.ir
حتما بخوانید: فهرست بهترین نرم افزارهای اصلاح گرامر در زبان انگلیسی، ویراستاری مقالات و متون + سایت های آنلاین ویرایش گرامر زبان انگلیسی.
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ویراستیار نرم افزار تخصصی ویرایش متون فارسی است که به صورت یک افزونه به نرم افزار Word اضافه می شود.
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خبرگزاری میزان - ویراستاری یکی از بزرگترین مزیتها و قابلیت های برنامه ورد میباشد. در این مطلب روش استفاده از آن آموزش داده می شود .
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فن ویرایش متن | شبکه بین المللی خبرنگاران
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فن ویرایش متن ... حتا در روزنامه هایی که ویراستاران متن 'مجاز' نیستند از خبرنگاران سوال کنند یا با آنها حرف بزنند. اگر از مهلت چیزی نمانده، این کار را روز بعد بکنید ...
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ویرایش متن با استفاده از Kendo Editor. ... از Kendo Editor UI را بررسی خواهیم کرد و با استفاده از jQuery قابلیت های مختلف این ویرایشگر را به کار خواهیم برد.
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ویرایش نیتیو با گواهی معتبر و قابل استعلام از انگلیس، ویرایش نیتیو مقالات انگلیسی، ویرایش مقاله و متن انگلیسی با پشتیبانی واقعی تا زمان چاپ مقاله.
آیا واقعا مقاله برای ویراستار نیتیو ارسال میشود؟
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ویراستاری چیست؟ چگونه یک متن را ویرایش کنیم؟ - استودیو ...
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ویرایش متن کتاب که امروزه امری بسیار مهم و ضروری تلقی میشود، زمان پیدایش آن به حدود دههی ۴۰ شمسی باز میگردد که در آن دوره، مؤسسهی انتشارات فرانکلین با فعالیت ...
ویرایشگر متن شریف: سامانۀ ویرایش و خطایابی املایی زبان فارسی
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در مقالۀ حاضر سامانهای هوشمند جهت ویرایش و خطایابی املایی متون فارسی معرفی شدهاست. هدف از طراحی و ایجاد این سامانه، ویرایش متون فارسی برای کاربردهای پردازش زبان ...
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کلیدواژه ویرایش متن / (11 مقاله). مرتب سازی; تاریخ ... ارائهی الگوی نظری جهت ویرایش کتاب های الکترونیکی. نویسنده : بیات، مهرداد؛ آذرمی، ملیحه؛. مجله: پژوهشنامه چاپ ...
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(مربوط به موضوع ویرایش متن قبل از چاپ در word). ترفندهای نرم افزار Word
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sommo sacerdote. 12 Un certo Anania, un devoto osservante della legge e in buona reputazione presso tutti i Giudei colà residenti. Il panneggio più complesso è il mantello rosa di Gioacchino. 54 Il centurione e quelli che con lui facevano la guardia a Gesù, sentito il terremoto e visto quel che succedeva, furono presi da grande timore e dicevano: Davvero costui era Figlio di Dio!. Prova adesso con il tratteggio. Rispose: Sì. Allora Pilato ordinò che gli fosse consegnato. 16 Avevano in quel tempo un prigioniero famoso, detto Barabba. Facebook. 9 Allora si adempì quanto era stato detto dal profeta Geremia: E presero trenta denari d'argento, il prezzo del venduto, che i figli di Israele avevano mercanteggiato.Ever since astronomers reached a consensus in the 1980s that most of the mass in the universe is invisible — that “dark matter” must glue galaxies together and gravitationally sculpt the cosmos as a whole — experimentalists have hunted for the nonluminous particles.
They first set out in pursuit of a heavy, sluggish form of dark matter called a weakly interacting massive particle, or WIMP — the early favorite candidate for the cosmos’s missing matter because it could solve another, unrelated puzzle in particle physics. Over the decades, teams of physicists set up ever larger targets, in the form of huge crystals and multi-ton vats of exotic liquids, hoping to catch the rare jiggle of an atom when a WIMP banged into it.
But these detectors have stayed quiet, and physicists are increasingly contemplating a broader spectrum of possibilities. On the heavy end, they say the universe’s invisible matter could clump into black holes as heavy as stars. At the other extreme, dark matter could spread out in a fine mist of particles thousands of trillions of trillions of times lighter than electrons.
With new hypotheses come new detection methods. Kathryn Zurek, a theoretical physicist at the California Institute of Technology, said that if current WIMP experiments don’t see anything, “then I think there’s going to be a substantial part of the field that’s going to shift into these new kinds of experiments.”
Already, the work has begun. Here are a few of the many new fronts in the search for dark matter.
Between an Electron and a Proton
WIMPs would have enough heft to occasionally bowl over a whole atom. But in case dark matter is lighter, some experimentalists are setting up smaller bowling pins.
A gentler rain of dark matter particles weighing less than protons could occasionally knock electrons free from their host atoms. The first experiment designed specifically to pick up this dark matter is the Sub-Electron-Noise Skipper CCD Experimental Instrument (Sensei), which uses technology similar to that of digital cameras to amplify signals from unexpectedly emancipated electrons inside materials.
When a Sensei prototype switched on with just one-tenth of a gram of silicon, it didn’t find dark matter. Even so, the team’s results, published in 2018, instantly ruled out certain models.
“We just turned on and we had the world’s best limits,” said Tien-Tien Yu, a physicist at the University of Oregon and a Sensei collaboration member, “because there were no limits before.”
Recent results from a 2-gram version of Sensei extend those limits, and now Yu and her colleagues are preparing to deploy a 10-gram version in an underground laboratory in Canada, away from interfering cosmic rays. Other groups are designing alternative low-cost experiments targeting the same low-hanging fruit.
If dark matter is lighter still, or blind to electric charge, it might fail to unleash an electron. Zurek has brainstormed ways that even these pipsqueaks could betray their presence by influencing the behavior of groups of particles.
Imagine a block of silicon, for example, as a mattress with springs representing atomic nuclei. Bounce a quarter off the mattress, Zurek says, and while no single spring will move much, the coin could set off a ripple that passes through many springs. She proposed in 2017 that an analogous disturbance from a dark matter interaction might generate sound waves that could slightly warm the system.
One project taking this route, Tesseract, is currently running in a basement at the University of California, Berkeley, looking for ripples from dark particles similar in heft to those that Sensei targets. Sensitive future upgrades, however, could theoretically find particles up to a thousand times lighter.
But there are even more lilliputian particle possibilities. The axion — an entity so slight it’s more wave than particle — could comprise dark matter and simultaneously solve a mystery about the strong nuclear force. The Axion Dark Matter Experiment (ADMX) recently began scanning for axions decaying into pairs of photons inside a mighty magnetic field, and several similar searches are starting up.
Some experiments are aiming for even lighter stuff. The lightest that dark matter could possibly be is about one-thousandth of a trillionth of a trillionth of the electron’s mass — which would result in a particle that’s like an extremely low-energy wave, with a wavelength the size of a small galaxy. Lighter (and therefore longer) entities would be too diffuse to explain why galaxies stick together.
Clues From Above
While experimentalists prepare the next generation of apparatuses seeking direct contact with dark matter, others plan to scour the heavens for indirect signposts.
Enormous clouds of dark matter are thought to create galaxies and stars by gravitationally drawing in visible matter. But any smaller dark matter clusters that might exist wouldn’t do this. These modest blobs would be completely dark, but they should still gravitationally bend passing starlight. One group of researchers is searching for this “lensing” of starlight by dark matter blobs in data from the ongoing GAIA survey.
“Dark structures are moving throughout our galaxy,” said Anna-Maria Taki, a physicist from the University of Oregon and a member of the team. “As they move, they distort the positions and the proper motions and trajectories of luminous sources.”
Preliminary results published in September did not locate any such structures heavier than about 100 million suns. With larger future data sets, the researchers hope to discern the possible outlines of wispier dark clouds. From the shapes and sizes of these hypothetical structures, the scientists could infer whether, and in what manner, dark matter particles interact with themselves.
Other researchers have come up with a way to harness the quickly growing catalog of exoplanets. “We have billions of these things just sitting out there,” said Rebecca Leane, a particle physicist at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and co-author of a proposal from September.
The idea is that a planet may collect dark matter in its core as it sweeps through the Milky Way. As those dark matter particles annihilate with their antiparticles, they heat up the planet. Exoplanets closer to the galactic center pass through denser dark matter, so they should glow hotter with infrared light. If the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope can take the temperature of a few thousand exoplanets, Leane and a colleague calculated, that data set could bear the fingerprints of annihilating dark particles in the electron-to-proton mass range.
Dark Matter Everywhere
WIMPS may be down, but they’re not out. A nearly 4-ton tank of xenon will start a two-year run in March at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy. And a team in South Korea, the Cosine-100 collaboration, seeks to check a controversial claim from another Gran Sasso experiment called DAMA. In that experiment, an array of sodium iodide crystals has logged exactly the kind of seasonal variations one might expect if Earth is presenting different faces to the “wind” of dark matter it passes through. “They have an annual modulation, no ifs, ands or buts. But what is it?” said Katherine Freese, an astrophysicist at the University of Texas, Austin. “We can’t figure it out.”
Freese, whose calculations helped launch the era of WIMP experiments, has new ideas for tracking down the particles too. In 2018 she suggested that WIMPs might have burrowed into rocks buried miles underground, and she recently signed on to a proposal to go dig them up.
Many physicists expect dark matter to be as omnipresent as it is aloof. If they can come up with enough ways to sense the invisible — like checking whether it tickles different types of detectors, or whether it nudges starlight, warms planetary cores or even lodges in rocks — its ghostly influence could show up anywhere.
“Anything can be a dark matter detector,” Leane said. “You just have to be creative enough to think of how to use it.”
Correction: November 23, 2020
This article was revised to reflect that the next Sensei experiment will take place underground in Canada, not California as originally stated.
This article was reprinted on Wired.com.İskoçya'da derbide ezeli rakibi Rangers'a 2-0 kaybeden Celtic, bu mağlubiyete rağmen play-off sezonunda bitime sayılı haftalar kala 6 puan farkla liderliğini sürdürüyor.
Brendan Rodgers'ın ayrılmasının ardından teknik direktörlük görevine Lennon'u getiren Celtic'in yeni sezonda bir başka teknik adamla anlaşabileceği iddia edilirken, BBC Sport'un haberine göre İskoç temsilcisinin Slaven Bilic'i takımın başına getirme olasılığı oldukça yüksek.لطفا پشت گوش نیندازید این نامه نگاری را
بارها این داستان درگوشی را شنیدم که طی ایام بستری شدن اخیر حضرت آقا، سید محمد خاتمی با فرستادن واسطه، خواهان رفتن به ملاقات معظم له شده بود. حضرت آقا هم این درخواست را رد کرده بودند و گویا گفته بودند وی از «باغیان» انقلاب است.
در خطبه ی نماز جمعه بیستم شهریور 88 هم آقا کلید واژه ی «بغی» را بکار برده بودند.
اما در مواضع و بیانات نمایندگان مان، چه در مجلس شورای اسلامی و چه خبرگان رهبری –لااقل در مواضع و بیانات عمومی شان- تا کنون بحث قابل توجهی پیرامون بغی و باغی نشده است.
خلاء کار محتوایی و روشنگرانه دقیق در این زمینه بسیار دیده می شد تا اینکه سال 91، پژوهشگاه علوم و فرهنگ اسلامی دست به انتشار کتابی زد، تحت عنوان «بغی و تمرد در حکومت اسلامی»، به قلم آقای مهدی پور حسین.
پرسش اساسی کتاب مذکور آنست که بغی چیست؟ و احکام آن کدام است؟ و در چارچوب آن، در پی پاسخ به این پرسش ها بر می آید که :
1- مفهوم بغی در فقه سیاسی چیست و تفاوت آن با عناوین مشابه چه می باشد؟
2- زمینه ها و احکام بازدارنده بغی چیست؟
3- شرایط و شیوه های مقابله با باغیان و احکام آن ها در فقه سیاسی چگونه است؟
پاسخ به سوالات بالا، موجب می شود تا نحوه ی اتخاذ مواضع سیاسی مان مبنا دار شود و جلوی هرگونه رفتار سلیقه ای نیز گرفته شود.
اما نقش موثر ما در این زمینه چیست؟ نخست اینکه خودمان نسبت به این کلید واژه و بار معنایی آن مطلع شویم و سپس چکیده ای از مباحث مبنایی و چارچوب مند این اثر پژوهشی را در قالب نامه ای به نماینده مجلس یا خبرگان استان مان برسانیم؛ شاید موجب شود که اگر آقایان تا کنون مجال اندیشیدن و کالبد شکافی این مسئله را نداشتند، به واسطه ی نامه ی ما نگاهی مجدد به این مسئله بیندازند و با رویکردی بهتر از قبل، نسبت به حوادث 88 و بانیان آن، و نیز نسبت به حوادثی
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�奖热门人选无疑是利物浦防地中坚范迪克和巴塞罗那当家球星梅西，除此除外，梅西2.20排名第二，第一个接过金球奖的后卫。让梅西得回金球奖几率大大降落。巴塞罗那正在欧冠中被提前镌汰，以及英超同盟评选的赛季最佳球员。
量身定制，【肋软骨隆鼻】恣意揉捏，20项归纳革新【除皱瘦脸】【衡力瘦脸】下单即送V脸神器《店内更众优惠保妥适面部吸脂面部塑形除皱针【自体脂肪面部填充】全脸填充 ，耐压，@3D肋骨鼻归纳“3D支架”安定，纳米自体脂肪活颜精雕 全盘管理面部凹陷/不立体 打制立体充分少女脸【肋软骨隆鼻】【鼻归纳】院长限量榫卯机合肋软骨隆鼻 • 每三天怒放预定 • 逐日只限一台手术！刀刀变美研究院费用
抵触之争也是一大看点。狼队正在近来一场逐鹿中寄托众尔蒂倒车梅开二度和卡瓦莱罗的一条龙绝杀困难克服了什鲁斯伯里，同时，这场逐鹿狼队这边内维斯伤疑，寄诚庸和杜梅特腿筋受伤，
避免前次比武时拉塞尔斯漏人如此的致命失误。戮力争胜以牢固现正在的名望。已往卫转业而来的他恐怕将再次成为攻破杜布拉夫卡看管城门的利器。纽卡斯尔联正在不久前爆冷克服了曼城，狼队将正在主场迎战纽卡斯尔联。这场逐鹿对狼队来说是一个进攻队史第一次英超四连胜的好机缘。
英超联赛第26轮，近来众尔蒂形态炎热，谢尔维和迪亚梅大腿受伤，不外紧接着被热刺绝杀，狼队阵脚战抨击才具不强，众打一人的狼队寄托若塔的闪击和众尔蒂正在伤停补时阶段的头球补射绝杀以2-1博得告成。破大巴的法子不众，维纳格雷的流感恐怕曾经痊愈，正在联赛上半程的比武中，不大白努诺会不会放下劫富济贫的招牌，再加上埃利奥特和达洛两名替补门将历久伤缺。后防地形态并不令人极度如意，假使这很大水平上要归因于没如何上场的鲁迪形态不佳。排兵列阵极为精细的贝尼特斯必定会最大限定省略球队出错的能够性，若塔该当可能退场。纽卡斯尔方面则是遇到了伤病潮，能够会遭遇困穷！
。接连三轮联赛打入起码三球。可睹喜鹊防守的坚忍。不外近来狼队锋线一共着花，美邦大同盟MVP的好同伴米格尔·阿尔米隆的加盟会给纽卡斯尔联孱弱的锋线带来新动力。此番再度比赛，纽卡斯尔联队逐鹿终末阶段众尔蒂决骤80米的头球补射也令人时刻不忘。0-1小负，
切尔西队主场以2比0征服西汉姆联队。当日，西汉姆联队切尔西队球员阿扎尔正在角逐后道贺。切尔西队主场以2比0征服西汉姆联队。正在2018/2019赛季英超联赛第33轮角逐中，4月8日，正在2018/2019赛季英超联赛第33轮角逐中，新华社/道透社
主场球迷却将会正在开球前收到主办方的小礼品，莱斯特城球员将正在开球之前衣着思念T恤衫，伯恩利队正在此次事项中不幸牺牲的五个别将正在角逐劈头前被缅怀，这是自从莱斯特城的主席维猜·斯里瓦塔那布拉帕正在体育馆外的一个直升机事项中不幸遇难之后莱斯特城的第一场主场角逐。他们将衣着差异的球衣涌现正在英超对阵伯恩利的角逐中。偶偶足球设备网讯 莱斯特城队昨日公告，这是他们2003年往后的守旧。他们的名字和视频也将被投放正在大屏幕上。
正在这回角逐中，上半场他们将衣着印有维猜名字的球衣。伯恩利队下半场他们将衣着印有红罂粟的主场球衣以思念正在构兵中仙逝的士兵，10月27日，譬喻领巾、横幅等思念品来思念莱斯特城的老板和五位官员。用来缅怀这五个别。
后者大概是一个尤其大概完成的宗旨。里尔佩佩正在法甲渡过了一个精巧的赛季，现正在，里尔本赛季正在法甲获取了亚军。英超 埃弗顿他是排名法甲弓手榜第二的球员，里尔佩佩目前正正在踢非洲杯，正如电讯报之前报道的，他3100万英镑的身价也远远低于里尔的佩佩。阿贾克斯的内雷斯也正在埃弗顿要引援的职员名单上，传闻马尔科姆一经被巴萨告诉能够脱离球队，埃弗顿是否会出这么高的价钱再有待寓目。此前里尔先锋佩佩这个夏季和利物浦相闭正在一块，里尔主席示意佩佩有有趣加盟利物浦，默西赛德郡其它一支球队正正在商讨引进里尔佩佩的大概性，埃弗顿主教授马尔科-席尔瓦念要一名左脚的右道球员，仅次于姆巴佩，这位24岁的科特迪瓦邦脚目前的身价为6500万欧元（约5850万英镑），这位边锋的身价或许正在3500万英镑支配，
不过利物浦方面否定了这一说法。按照《逐日电讯报》的报道，23岁的里昂边锋特拉奥雷和巴萨的马尔科姆也适宜这小我选，埃弗顿对代价5900万英镑的里尔先锋佩佩很感有趣。里尔佩佩目前并不是独一的人选。他们接下来要正在四分之一决赛面临阿尔及利亚。但是内雷斯近来示意他念留正在阿贾克斯踢球。به گزارش خبرنگار ورزشی باشگاه خبرنگاران؛ به نقل از یورواسپورت، مرحله مقدماتی جام جهانی 2014 برزیل با افزایش 57 درصدی در تعداد گل ها نسبت به همین مرحله در جام قبلی روبرو بوده است.
با سه گلی که در دیدار تیم های کلمبیا و ساحل عاج رد و بدل شد تا به حال 63 گل در جام بیستم از خط دروازه ها گذشته است.
انتهای پیام/Allison Tracy is a Chemicals Policy Fellow. EDF Health Scientist Dr. Jennifer McPartland and Senior Scientist Dr. Richard Denison contributed to this post.
When you’re standing at the kitchen counter this holiday season wrestling with the nebulous world of weight gain, think about synthetic chemicals. A good number of them are in you. And studies show that some of them are pretty busy in there, interacting with various biological systems – including your metabolism.
But they’re not the only show in town. Microbes are busy in your gut doing important things like digesting food and degrading harmful compounds. But could they also influence the size of your love handles? New science suggests that these microbes—in concert with certain chemicals—may have just this effect.
It is becoming increasingly clear that it’s not just your genes and your self control that determine your risk for obesity and related complications like diabetes. Environmental factors are a big part of the equation, and those factors just might extend to synthetic chemicals to which you’re exposed, such as the flame retardants in your furniture and the plasticizers in food can linings.
A review by Suzanne Snedeker and Anthony Hay in Environmental Health Perspectives summarizes recent research on how the interplay between two environmental factors – the microbial community in your gut (your “microbiome”) and exposure to synthetic chemicals – may relate to a set of diseases and disorders that are on the rise. The authors pose their hypothesis right in the title of the article: “Do Interactions between Gut Ecology and Environmental Chemicals Contribute to Obesity and Diabetes?”
Our last post on the microbiome described some of this interplay: the effects of our resident microbial community on chemical metabolism, that is, how intestinal processing of ingested chemicals by gut microbes can make them more – or less – bioavailable or toxic. Snedeker and Hay’s review focuses on how these same factors may be tied to specific disease outcomes: obesity and diabetes.
Now, it is generally accepted that both genetic and behavioral or lifestyle factors contribute to the risk of developing obesity and diabetes, but we’re talking about a third potential factor here: the environment. Environmental contributors like the activity of bacteria in your gut microbiome and your exposure to synthetic chemicals haven’t been a part of the picture until very recently. Given the toll that these diseases take on both our health and our nation’s bank account, researchers should be assessing all potential factors.
In their review article, Snedeker and Hay cite various studies that address each of three crucial sets of links that are central to the hypothesis they proffer:
(1) the links between the microbiome and obesity and diabetes;
(2) the links between chemical exposures and obesity and diabetes; and
(3) the links between the microbiome, chemical exposure, and obesity and diabetes.
In this two-part post, we take a brief look at some of the major studies cited in the review that support these three intriguing relationships. This first part will discuss the first two links while the second part will discuss the third. Because there are fewer data on the third set of links – the combined influence of the microbiome and chemical exposures – Snedeker and Hay use this section to provide suggestions for filling data gaps.
The research supporting these relationships frequently points to emerging and still-contentious dimensions of toxicology, such as the roles of individual variability, low-dose effects, and timing of exposure. Each of the three sections will include information being gleaned on these emerging concepts.
The first link: the microbiome, obesity, and diabetes
The first section of the review article describes studies that indicate a bidirectional connection between obesity, diabetes, and the microbiome,
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样的腰围情况下假使压缩一下她们阔大的骨盆，那么就会变成像男性一样狭窄的骨盆，这时候，我们会发现女性引以为自豪的腰臀曲线也慢慢失去了！女性的体型也开始演变成一个带有男性第二性征的躯干，我们把这样的情况叫住女性体型男性化。反之，把一个男性的骨盆左右拉开，我们可以得到一个趋向于女性第二性征的躯干。
这张对比图片也明白无误地告诉我们，女人的腰臀曲线本质上不是依靠后天的减肥来形成的，而主要是由发育完善的骨盆与腰部的配合来完成的。要拥有傲人的腰臀曲线，良好充分的青春期骨盆发育显然是关键！
那么，男女两性盆骨的区别在哪里呢？下面我简单说明一下。
骨盆位于躯干与自由下肢骨之间的骨性成分，起着传导重力和支持、保护盆腔脏器的作用。
在人类骨骼中，骨盆的性别差异十分明显，这主要是由于男女两性骨盆所担负的生理功能不完全相同所致。一般来说，男性的骨盆粗壮、高而窄、坐骨大 切迹窄而深，耻骨联合部较高，耻骨下角小；女性的骨盆浅而宽，骨面细腻，坐骨大切迹宽而浅，耻骨联合部较低，耻骨下角大，常有耳前沟。
耻骨下角（又名耻骨弓）：男性70~75°；女性90~100°
这是检测耻骨下角角度常用手势
耻骨联合部: 男性较高；女性较低坐骨结节：这是我们平时就坐的时候，支撑人体的重要骨性结构。男性两侧坐骨结节＜9cm；女性＞9cm。也能说明男性骨盆下口狭小，女性骨盆下口宽大。髂骨翼：男性的髂骨翼厚实，高而直，女性则薄而透光、低而外张。
骨盆上口:男性呈心形，横径＜纵径；女性呈横椭圆形，横径＞纵径闭孔: 男性近似圆形，女性近似三角形
骶骨:男性为等腰三角形，女性为等边三角形
下面我们继续通过一些细节来探讨男女两性体型的区别。
我们还可以从这张图片上看到，在同等身高的情况下，女性拥有比男性更为粗壮的大腿，因为大腿和臀部是女性为生育健康聪明的后代储备必需的欧米伽——3酸的“仓库”，事实上，这种生理功能决定的体征同样也从视觉审美角度给我们以韵律般的美感，我们会看到，女性下半身从宽臀开始经过健美的大腿再到小腿有一个比之男性更为生动起伏的渐变。
关于女性细腻的肌肤，同样令我们人类心动。只是我们很少有人能够把女性骨骼发育与美轮美奂的肌肤联系到一块儿。我们知道，如果女性自身的雌激素水平正常，配合合理的营养膳食，那么她应该会发育出一副自然态的女性体型，这同时还带给我们一个鼓舞人心的 绝妙好处，由于发育良好的女性，平均脂肪率都不低于身体重量的百分之18，而正是这比男性平均多出3个百分点的脂肪储备，造就了女性拥有一个凝脂般细腻而富有弹性的肌肤的牢固基础！
女性并不比男性的腿长(相同身高的情况下,甚至男性比女性略长些)
为什么女性会比男性看起来显得腿长的原因是,相同身高下,女性的腰际线比男性的高,前面说了,和肋骨无关,因为女性要生小孩,所以胯骨的容积比男性的大,男性胯骨等腰三角形,女性等边三角形(前面有介绍),女性的胸腔比男性小,.所以男性上大下小,女性上小下大.
生理原因,女性的生殖器官在体内,胯骨内),男性在体外,相同身高下,如果是穿裤子,有裆部.女性可以提到股沟,男性因生殖器官的问题是没办法再往上提了,这就是为什么有衬裙的裙子,我们都提不到这个高度的原因,
因为这2个原因,就显得相同身高,女性腿长(记住,只是显得,不是实际的数据)
综上所述，男女体型区别关键主要表现在腰、胯，肩这三点上。
对于腰来说，要改变男性的腰线，一般最快速的方法就是手术去除最后一对肋骨，但是手术后，就不能再承受重体力的工作或负重运动。那么，折衷的方法是使用软钢骨的束腰，通过长期定时收紧压缩胸廊下沿令胸廊骨骼逐渐变形收窄。这个方法非手术，但过程时间较长，且对腹腔内脏器官长期压迫改变分布位置，存在一定的风险。
胯这一点，目前来说，基本上没有什么比较有效的方法，一般只能通过服装来掩饰。如果是在青春期，通过练习压胯，如一字腿，等方式，可以刺激盆骨髋部一定程度上相对扩宽。不过，改善程度并不十分理想。国外的TS一般会采用臀部硅胶植入方式来达到类似的视觉效果，但是，这种方式存在太多弊端，因此，我觉得不建议采用此方法。
即使采用增肥的方式，也只是增加臀部脂肪积累，并不能真正意义上增大胯宽，过多的脂肪堆积反而会形成下垂的臀形，这样窄胯+下垂的臀部，这不会有什么美感可言。
最后，说一下肩部，由于男性雄激素的作用，男性更容易在反复运动的力量刺激下形成肌肉，而其中肩部的三角肌和肱二头肌，因为日常生活使用频率比较高，所以，男性的三角肌和肱二头肌普遍相对身体其他部位较为发达。而女性由于雌激素作用下，肌肉相对比较难以形成，而且，女性普遍不喜欢运动或其他重体力工作，因此，女性的三角肌和肱二头肌相对于男性是比较不发达。而男性肩部相对女性骨骼本身就比较宽，骨骼是无法改变的，我们能改变的只能是肩部发达的肌肉群。因此，我们了解这些问题所在后，就要首先停止一切重体力工作或力量型运动，减少日常肉类蛋白质的摄入，通过有氧运动加速肌肉代谢。同时，通过雌激素及抗雄激素的结合作用下，改变体表脂肪的分布，在肌肉逐渐萎缩的同时，体表脂肪覆盖原来肌肉的位置，这样就可以达到视觉上接近女性的肩部状态。
这个过程是相当的漫长的，锻练出结实的三角肌和肱二头肌只要3个月到6个月左右，而要将三角肌和肱二头肌修正到女性的状态，可能至少要4到6年时间。“不能是怪物攻城了吧……”又一个玩家咽了一口口水说道。人民日报：协商合作是大势所趋“好，那么你过来吧。”风暴之神微微一笑说道。“其他人离远一点，小心一会波及到你们。”
可就在我走神的时候，艾欧罗斯单手微曲，口中喊到“束！”顿时，强大的压力瞬间将我的身体束缚住，同时艾欧罗斯探出食指，一股强劲的风力瞬间在指尖凝聚。人民日报：协商合作是大势所趋特效：断：攻击目标武器时，有几率斩目标武器，使其无法使用，持续90秒。
“还是伟哥眼光毒，一眼就看出来了。”吴萌像个小孩子一样蹦到我们身边说道“是这样的，因为我得到了风暴之身的传承，所以我所有的技能都必须是风属性的，但是因为我之前领悟了两个技能，所以系统给我两个选择，一个是放弃自己领悟的前两个技能，系统会自动给我补上两个低级的风属性技能，第二个是牺牲两级，重铸前两个技能，让前两个技能变成风属性。我斟酌了一会后，觉得这两个技能的附带效果非常稀有，于是就选择了第二个选项。”人民日报：协商合作是大势所趋“你看好了！”叶達摸出几把姆指长的小飞刀，腾身而起，庞大的身躯在空中停滞片刻，身体微微侧身，几道寒光径直打入对面的墙上，随即叶達悬空翻转，又是几道寒光飞廉而出，直接将对面的墙壁打出了几个碗大的窟窿。Math Blaster Ages 7-9
|License:||Free to try|
|Op. System:||Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows 2000|
|File size:||160.1 MB|
Publisher description for Math Blaster Ages 7-9
Math Blaster Ages 7-9 1 is a convenient tool which lets you motivate children to solve complex equations. Over 350 stimulating math lessons and 1,000 problems and puzzles build problem-solving, estimating, and equation-building skills while developing your childs math confidence. Realistic challenges in 50 skill areas engage kids as they perform data interpretation, apply basic operations, and employ geometry skills through several
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a humanoid monster to life, only to abandon it in disgust. Victor’s moral failings lead to several tragic deaths at the hands of his creature, including those of his brother, his best friend, and, later, his wife on their wedding night. Even though the scientist and the creation are somewhat sympathetic figures, it’s not clear who’s the true monster—Victor, the creature, or both.
If there is a real life Frankenstein, he might very well be Craig Venter.
Venter stands as perhaps one of the most important scientists in the last decade or so. (In 2008, Time magazine voted him one of the world’s 100 most influential people.) As a major player in the emergence of the science of genomics, he is a scientific maverick who thinks big and has little patience for the red tape and bureaucracy that characterize many scientific programs. And like Victor, he is a polarizing figure, much admired and much hated by people within and outside the scientific community.
Recently, Venter founded a company called Synthetic Genomics. As with Shelley’s protagonist, Venter wants to create life in the laboratory. The new company is devoted to creating artificial, nonnatural life microbes that have commercial utility, particularly for the production of ethanol, hydrogen, and other forms of renewable energy. Once again, Venter has generated a mixture of excitement and horror among the scientific community, and the public at large.
Scientists like Venter who pursue the creation of artificial and synthetic life claim that these novel life-forms will benefit humanity. If they accomplish the desired breakthrough, it could go a long way toward resolving the energy and climate crises.
The very real prospect of scientists creating life in the lab raises all sorts of theological questions. Should human beings “play God”? Some conservative Christians worry that the genesis of novel life-forms by human hands eliminates the need for a Creator by substantiating the evolutionary paradigm. Many theists and atheists, alike, believe that if scientists can create life in the lab, then there is nothing special about any life. Therefore, the origin-of-life could have easily taken place on the early Earth without God’s necessary involvement.
The latest work by Venter’s team stands as another milestone in the quest to create an artificial life-form in the lab. Ironically, instead of supporting an evolutionary origin of life, this research demonstrates that life’s beginnings and transformation cannot happen apart from the work of an intelligent agent.
This week I will discuss the progress Venter and his team at Synthetic Genomics have made toward achieving their goal. In the next couple of weeks I’ll describe the details of their most recent accomplishment and will eventually explore the implications of this work for the intelligent design (creation)/evolution controversy.
The Path to Artificial Life
Venter and his coworkers became interested in creating artificial life as an outgrowth of another project. Initially, they were interested in determining the minimum genome for life. The term “genome” refers to an organism’s entire hereditary information, stored in the nucleotide sequences of DNA. The information housed in genomes exists in units called genes. These units contain the information that the cell’s machinery uses to make proteins.
Proteins take part in virtually every biochemical process and play critical roles in nearly every cell structure. Cataloging the number and types of proteins present in an organism gives biochemists important insight into its structures and operations. Venter’s team hopes that identifying the minimum genome will provide them with an understanding of life at its most fundamental level.
In their attempts to reach that target, Venter’s group has focused attention on a bacterium called Mycoplasma genitalium. This microbe has one of the smallest, if not the smallest, genome known to scientists. M. genitalium parasitizes the human genital and respiratory tracts. Its genome possesses about 480 gene products. Because its genome is so extensively pared-down, it’s ideally suited as a model system to determine the absolutely indispensable requirements for life—the “non-negotiable” biochemical systems that must be present for an entity to be recognized as a form of life.
The researchers reasoned that it is quite likely that the bare essential genome is much smaller than 480 gene products. It turns out that a significant fraction of this parasite’s genome is dedicated to mediating interactions between the parasite and its host and can be considered as nonessential to a strictly minimal life-form.
Using an experimental approach, Venter’s team worked to ascertain the minimum number of genes needed for life. Their protocols involved both the random and systematic mutation of M. genitalium genes to determine those that are indispensable for life. (Biochemists refer to these procedures as knock-out experiments.) If a gene is nonessential, M. genitalium will still grow after the gene is mutated.
Once the essential or minimum gene has been determined via the knock-out experiments, the scientists hope to confirm their result by preparing a synthetic minimal genome and introducing it into a cell to see if the cell with the transplanted genome grows. They realized that in the process of identifying the minimum genome, they came just a few short steps away from making artificial life in the lab.
Steps to Creating Artificial Life
Venter and collaborators’ approach to creating an artificial life-form is called a top-down strategy. It involves starting with a naturally occurring microbe and stripping it down to its bare genetic and biochemical essence, and then modifying it by adding nonnative genes to the minimal genome to generate a nonnatural form of life.
The major stages in this effort involve:
- systematically eliminating genes from the M. genitalium genome to identify all the essential genes;
- synthesizing the building blocks of DNA from the minimal genome from nucleotides,;
- introducing the minimal genome into the cytoplasm of a M. genitalium cell that has had its original genome deleted;
- growing and then replicating the organism harboring the synthetic genome.
Once these steps are accomplished, a nonnatural organism, called Mycoplasma laboratorium, will have been created. At this point, the researchers will have the genetic foundation in place to build an organism with any biological properties they desire. For example, they currently plan on adding genes to the minimal genome that will produce proteins that can generate hydrogen.
A Brief Progress Report
To date Venter’s team has made remarkable progress toward their goal of producing Mycoplasma laboratorium. They have identified the essential gene set (which consists of about 380 genes). They have also synthesized from scratch the entire genome of a wild-type M. genitalium and cloned it (made copies) in yeast. Additionally, they have transferred the wild-type genome of M. genitalium into a closely related Mycoplasma species.
The next step is for the researchers to put all of these steps together to synthesize, clone, and introduce a synthetic minimal genome into M. genitalium.
Though this last milestone seems rather trivial, it is technically quite challenging. Next week I’ll illustrate these technical challenges by describing their most recent efforts to improve upon the efficiency of synthesizing and cloning a synthetic genome in yeast, a vital step in “bestowing animation on lifeless matter.”
originally posted 1/22/09Group F
韩国
韩国的世预赛表现并未能提升球迷的期待值。在关键的第三轮，韩国在十场比赛中平了三场，输了三场，其中包括输给长期对手中国。他们还在世预赛中输给了卡塔尔和伊朗。不过，最终他们还是以小组第二晋级。在这个失望的世预赛之旅后，德国教练乌力•斯蒂利克被解雇，申台龙接过了国家队教鞭。
任何从小组赛突围的希望，都关乎明星球员孙兴慜的发挥。这名热刺前锋既可以踢边锋，亦可以踢中锋。25岁的孙兴慜刚刚经历相当完美的赛季，继上赛季各项赛事打入18个进球之后，本赛季打入了21个进球。然而，正如其英超表现那样，他在大赛中倾向于隐形。这也是热刺球迷对这位相当有天赋的球员最大的失望之处。
主教练：申台龙
队长：寄诚庸
国际足联排名：61
夺冠赔率：$501.00
世界杯参赛次数：9
世界杯最好成绩：半决赛（2002）
瑞典
多么遗憾！2016年欧洲杯，我们见证了伊布拉希莫维奇时代的结束。尽管此前曾传闻这位传奇射手有可能会为世界杯复出，但最终瑞典巨人宣布他无意重返国家队。
伊布拉希莫维奇依然有很多可以贡献。他越过大西洋加盟美职联的洛杉矶银河后，处子秀就惊人地攻入两粒精彩进球。但瑞典人如今只能往前看了。
安德松执教的新瑞典非常勤奋，纪律严明。根据前意大利主帅文图拉的说法，他们“踢得像意大利那样”在预选赛中淘汰了意大利，也让意大利国家队六十年来首次错过世界杯决赛圈。
瑞典国家队对抗性强，组织严密，在4-4-2阵型中的坚韧防线会让他们很难被对手攻破。但目前这支队伍缺少此前国家队所具备的明星球员，绝大多数国家队成员在丹麦、希腊、俄罗斯及苏格兰等小联赛踢球。
主教练：雅尼•安德松
队长：安德烈斯•格兰奎斯特
国际足联排名：23
夺冠赔率：$151.00
世界杯参赛次数：12
世界杯最好成绩：亚军（1958）
德国
有人说德国在2016年欧洲杯半决赛输给法国的比赛，象征着勒夫时代的结束。但这个判断看起来为时过早。2014年世界杯冠军得主随后状态反弹，在俄罗斯世界杯预选赛上十战保持全胜，打入43个进球，在欧洲区并列第一。去年夏天，尽管多名核心球员缺阵，他们还是赢得了联合会杯冠军。
德国近年来在世界足坛的垄断优势，是建立在其组织架构非常合理的青训体系中源源不断涌现的天赋球员之上。2010年南非世界杯和2014年巴西世界杯，德国都派出了相当年轻的阵容。而本届世界杯预选赛，他们的队伍是晋级决赛圈球队第二年轻的队伍，平均年龄只有25.7岁，仅次于尼日利亚。
去年夏天联合会杯的金靴奖得主蒂莫•沃纳，被证明是退役传奇球星克洛泽的完美接班人。22岁的莱比锡红牛射手本赛季创造了实现150次联赛出场的最年轻球员纪录，看上去在即将到来的世界杯上，沃纳还希望打破更多纪录。
主教练：约阿希姆•勒夫
队长：曼努约尔•诺伊尔
国际足联排名：1
夺冠赔率：$5.25
世界杯参赛次数：18
世界杯冠军次数：4（1954、1974、1990、2014）
墨西哥
过去六届世界杯，墨西哥无一例外是在16强被淘汰出局。今年墨西哥同样希望能够从小组赛中突围，而首轮对阵德国的比赛会是他们面临的最大挑战。不过，目前墨西哥阵容缺少真正的天才球员，让他们近年来在对阵强队时不堪一击。
对手实力较弱时，墨西哥保持着相对出色的战绩。他们是中北美及加勒比海地区预选赛第一名，力压哥斯达黎加和巴拿马，但在打硬仗时结果却惨不忍睹。
尽管哥伦比亚籍教练胡安•卡洛斯•奥索里奥率队轻松晋级俄罗斯世界杯，但他的成绩还是饱受质疑。问题不仅在于他们输给强队，而是在于输得难看。他们在联合会杯上0-7不敌智利，又以1-4输给了德国。
墨西哥国家队历史最佳射手是哈维尔•埃尔南德斯，迄今为止100场比赛打入了49个进球。但本赛季他在西汉姆得不到上场机会，仅为东伦敦球队首发16次。
主教练：胡安•卡洛斯•奥索里奥
队长：安德烈斯•瓜尔达多
国际足联排名：15
夺冠赔率：$101.00
世界杯参赛次数：15
世界杯最好成绩：1/4决赛（1970、1986）It’s that time of year when people buy objects for
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题。一个特定社会制度的价值属性不可避免会具有个性，但也必然具有共性。学界普遍认为，中国特色社会主义的价值观是建立在对资本主义自由、平等、民主、人权、理性、正义、博爱等价值观的批判、分析和继承之上，并通过改革开放的社会实践得到发展，体现出中国的实际和特色。而最大限度保障中国特色社会主义制度体系中每个个体的权益，是社会主义制度正义价值的基本要求。{4}中国特色社会主义制度作为把科学社会主义原则与中国具体实际相结合的制度形态，其最高理想自然是共产主义的价值观，即马克思恩格斯在《共产党宣言》末尾所说的“每一个人的自由发展是一切人的自由发展的条件”，在现阶段，按照党的十九大报告提出的2035年基本实现社会主义现代化的蓝图，平等参与、平等发展，生活更为宽裕，基本公共服务均等化基本实现，社会充满活力又和谐有序，生态环境根本好转等，是我们的奋斗目标。从法学角度来观察，这些目标所蕴含的就是平等、自由、民主、安全、发展等现代政治文明所要求的人权体系的核心价值诉求。因此可以说，中国特色社会主义制度的价值属性如果用一个简洁的术语来讲，耳熟能详的政治术语就是“以人为本”，法学术语即为“人权保障”。
“人权”曾被视为资产阶级的口号、“反动专政的破烂武器”，但是政治改革和学术研究禁区的时代早已过去。1991年11月1日，我国政府发布了历史上第一份人权白皮书——《中国的人权状况》，称“人权”是个“伟大的名词”，标志着新中国人权禁区的彻底打破。享有充分的人权，不仅是长期以来人类追求的理想，也是中国共产党带领中国各族人民长期为之奋斗的重要目标。从根本上说，社会主义制度应该是人类历史上最保障人权的制度。这些年来，法治的人权保障要求与中国特色社会主义制度属性一致性的现实例子已经越来越多、越来越提速增质。例如，作为中国特色社会主义制度之根本保证的宪法以及中国共产党章程都已写上“尊重和保障人权”，标志着尊重和保障人权正式成为治国理政的一项重要原则，促进人权事业发展成为国家建设和社会发展的重要主题。又如，作为人权保障“试金石”的刑事诉讼法第二次修正，不仅将“尊重和保障人权”写入总则，而且增加了禁止自证其罪、非法证据排除、上诉不加刑，以及完善了防止刑讯逼供、加强辩护、强化律师权利等。再如，保障“民告官”权利的行政诉讼法首次修正，扩大了受案范围，延长了起诉期限，规定了登记立案、可跨区域管辖、附带审查规章以下的规范性文件合法性等。
党的十八大以来，将“人权得到切实尊重和保障”确立为全面建成小康社会和深化改革的重要目标之一。十八届三中全会《决定》部署的全面深化改革举措直接涉及生命权、人身安全权、人身自由权、财产权、知情权、表达权、参政权、监督权、获得司法救济权、受教育权、劳动权、社会保障权、妇幼老残等特殊群体权利保护等人权事业，几乎涵盖了世界公认的所有人权领域，超出了现行宪法明文列举的公民基本权利内容，而且绝大部分提法和要求都是首次出现在党的中央全会文件之中。[4]十八届四中全会《决定》则提出加强公民权利立法、实现公民权利保障法治化以及加强人权司法保障的系列举措。在此基础之上，十九大报告首次提出“人权法治保障”，要求保证人民依法享有广泛权利和自由。这更加明确了要以法治思维、法治方式、法治体制来落实“尊重和保障人权”之宪法规定，对于加快我国人权事业发展、增进人民福祉、不断满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要，将产生重大的促进作用。人权保障要求已深度融入中国特色社会主义经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明五位一体建设之中，一项项人权保障的具体制度必然成为中国特色社会主义制度不可或缺的要素。
三、法治的权力制约要求与中国特色社会主义制度的工具属性
制度的工具属性是指制度作为一个规则体系，一方面，它具有价值属性；另一方面，它是国家治理的一种手段，具有工具属性，通俗地讲就是制度的绩效问题。制度具有高绩效、好用、管用，那么这套制度就具有优势。按照权威解读，中国特色社会主义制度的优势在于有利于保持党和国家活力、调动广大人民群众和社会各方面的积极性、主动性、创造性，有利于解放和发展社会生产力、推动经济社会全面发展，有利于维护和促进社会公平正义、实现全体人民共同富裕，有利于集中力量办大事、有效应对前进道路上的各种风险挑战，有利于维护民族团结、社会稳定、国家统一。{14}(P38)新近有学者对中国特色社会主义制度的优越性概括为：集中力量办大事(具有强大动员力量)，自我完善成大事(具有自我变革、自我发展能力)，目光远大做大事(立足现实、着眼未来)，活力充盈干大事(具有生机活力的高效能)，融合发展创大事(具有综合创新能力)。{15}在这些优越性当中，保持活力、发展经济、维护公正等都与法治具有天然融合性，争议较大的是“集中力量办大事”与法治的权力制约基本要求是否具有一致性。
权力制约是法治的题中之义。法治的中心任务在于保证权力为人民谋福祉、防止权力滥用和腐败，而制约权力的基本手段是权力分工，以权力制约权力。洛克说：“在一切情况和条件下，对于滥用职权的强力的真正纠正办法，就是用强力对付强力。”{16}(P97-98)孟德斯鸠说：“有权力的人们使用权力一直到遇有界限的地方才休止。”“从事物的性质来说，要防止滥用权力，就必须以权力制约权力。”{17}(P154)由于权力制约基于分权原则，我国曾长期误解分权就是“三权分立”。尽管分权原则是资产阶级革命时提出的，但它却具有普遍性。因为即便仅从技术上考虑，分权也是权力行使的必要条件，没有分权，权力就无法落地生根
······872. Cape Canary Serinus canicollis
Order: Passeriformes. Family: Fringillidae
© Michele Nel
Male Serinus canicollis canicollisDescription
The Cape Canary is 11–13 cm in length. The mustard yellow face and chin, grey hind crown and nape, and lack of bold facial markings distinctive.
The adult male has a green back with black edging to the wing feathers wings and tail. The underparts, rump and tail sides are yellow, and the lower belly is white. The rear head and neck are grey, and the face is cinnamon. The adult male is distinguished from the female by a more intensive yellow headcolour (sometimes with a touch of orange), a more bright grey from the neck and more black outer wing feathers and more contrast and markings at the wing-tips.
Males can be told apart from drab females by a mustard-yellow forecrown, face and throat.
The female is similar, but with a less grey on the head.
The juvenile has greenish-yellow underparts with heavy brown streaking.
It shares its range with six other ‘yellow’ canaries, but the golden face and grey head of the male distinguish it from the others. The less boldy marked females and streaky juveniles may be confused with those of other canaries. This species is easily distinguished from the Yellow-fronted Canary
by its lack of black face markings, having a yellow forehead and crown, and by the greater amount of grey on the nape encompassing the sides of the neck. The juvenile differs from the female Yellow Canary
by having its greenish yellow underparts overlaid with heavy brown streaking. Distribution
Endemic to southern Africa, occurring in Zimbabwe's eastern highlands and adjacent Mozambique as well as in western Swaziland, Lesotho and South Africa, from Limpopo Province south to KwaZulu-Natal and west through the Free State and the Eastern Cape to the Western Cape.
There is an isolated population in the eastern highlands of Zimbabwe which constitutes the subspecies S. c. griseitergum
Three subspecies are recognised:Serinus canicollis canicollis
; south-western Cape to western Free State and southern KwaZulu-Natal.Serinus canicollis thompsonae
; Lesotho, eastern Free State and northern KwaZulu-Natal to Limpopo Province. Its headcolour goes to orange.Serinus canicollis griseitergum
; eastern Zimbabwe and adjacent Mozambique highlands. S.c.griseitergum is a more greenish colour and the back is more striped.Habitat
It generally prefers montane grassland with scattered shrubs an patches of Ouhout (Leucosidea sericea
), open savanna, Protea woodland, borders between drainage line woodland and Karoo shrubland, coastal dunes, edges of cultivated land and occasionally alien thickets of Port Jackson (Acacia saligna
) and Rooikrans (Acacia cyclops
It almost exclusively eats seeds, either taken directly from plants or plucked from bare patches of the ground. Breeding
Monogamous and usually a solitary nester, although it sometimes forms loose colonies with up to 12 nests in a few adjacent trees. The nest is built almost entirely by the female in roughly 2-3 weeks, consisting of a thick-walled cup of tendrils, especially from everlastings (Helichrysum
), also with lichens, leaf petioles, mosses, rootlets, small twigs, pine needles and sometimes pieces of rags, string, wool and cotton. The interior is lined with the hairy and downy pappuses of seeds, fluffy Karoo rosemary (Eriocephalus
) seeds, other plant down, hair, feathers and wool. The rim of the structure is always made of rootlets, and is used by the chicks to deposit faeces (a unique behaviour of canaries). It is typically placed in a vertical fork or a horizontal branch of a bush or tree, which in the Western Cape is more frequently an introduced species rather than an indigenous one. Egg-laying season is from about August-February, peaking from October-December. It lays 1-5 eggs, which are incubated solely by the female for about 12-16 days, while the male regularly feeds her at the nest. The chicks are bro
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inden, artan fiyat baskısı beklentisi tahviller için genellikle olumsuzdur. Büyüme ve enflasyon arasındaki bağlantı gerçekte düzensiz ve düzensiz olsa da, bu durumda önemli olan algıdır.
Olumsuz İş Raporunun Etkisi
Daha zayıf bir iş raporu, az önce bahsedilenlerin tersi nedenlerle tahvil piyasası için olumlu olma eğilimindedir. Fed'in oranları düşürmekten daha fazla azaltma olasılığını arttırır ve enflasyon olasılığını azaltır. Her ikisi de ABD Hazineleri ve orana duyarlı diğer yatırımların performansı açısından olumlu.
Herşey Göreli
Raporun önemli bir yönü sadece kaç işin eklendiği veya kaybolduğu değil, sonucun piyasa beklentileriyle nasıl karşılaştırıldığıdır. Belirli bir ayda eklenen 50.000 işi gösteren bir iş raporu, ekonominin kükrediğini göstermeyebilir, ancak beklentiler olumsuz büyüme içinse, piyasa genellikle sürpriz, mutlak sayı değil.
Piyasaların her rapora tepkisini izleyerek söylemek zor olsa da, iş sayısı bir aya göre değişkendir. Tek bir rapor ekonominin bir göstergesi değildir; aslında, çoğu iktisatçı en az üç aylık ortalamayı en azından inceliyor ve çoğu zaman 12 ila 24 aylık eğilimleri kullanarak büyümeyi ölçüyorlar. Ancak pazarlar için kısa vadeli etki önemli olan şeydir.
Bu Bilgiyle Ne Yapmalısınız?
Bu tartışma, bir faaliyet raporundan önce tahvil alım satımına ilişkin tavsiye niteliğinde değildir, çünkü bu tür bir faaliyet yalnızca en gelişmiş sezgisel yatırımcıların eyaletidir. Bunun yerine, iş raporunun neden bu kadar çok ilgi gördüğü ve neden devlet tahvili piyasası, raporun verildiği ayın ilk Cuma günü çok dalgalı bir seyir izliyor yayınlandı.
Bu konuda daha fazla bilgi edinmek için birkaç dakikanızı ayırın ve bir sonraki iş raporunun sabahı CNBC'ye geçin. İlişikteki yorum, iş raporunun finansal piyasalar üzerindeki etkisi hakkında mükemmel bir fikir verecektir.
İçindesin! Üye olduğunuz için teşekkürler.
Bir hata oluştu. Lütfen tekrar deneyin.به گزارش «شیعه نیوز»،ایرج حریرچی، در جلسه تبادل نظر در خصوص راه های بومی سازی و مدیریت اجرای نظام پرداخت براساس گروه های تشخیصی که در بیمارستان قلب شهید رجایی برگزار شد، با اشاره به اهمیت اجرای نظام پرداخت مبتنی بر گروه های تشخیصی در مراکز درمانی کشور، افزود: در اسناد بالادستی، به نظام مبتنی بر گروه های تشخیصی به عنوان یکی از ارکان اصلی اشاره شده و در برنامه های وزارت بهداشت در دولت های یازدهم و دوازدهم به مجلس شورای اسلامی تقدیم شد.
وی گفت: تقریباً تمام کشورهای توسعه یافته از این روش استفاده میکنند و اکنون با توجه به نظر وزیر و تولیت وزارت بهداشت به عنوان یک اولویت مطرح است.
حریرچی افزود: دو نکته مثبتی که در حال حاضر اجرای برنامه را امکان پذیر می سازد وجود دانش فنی کافی در خصوص این نوع نظام پرداخت در داخل کشور و همچنین وحدت و یکپارچگی جهت اجرای آن در همه سطوح دیده می شود.
وی ادامه داد: هماهنگی میان وزارت بهداشت، سازمان های بیمه گر با همدلی دانشگاه های علوم پزشکی فرصت طلایی ایجاد کرده تا با حمایت همه جانبه وزارت بهداشت بتوان اجرای آن را پیش برد. این امر جزو مهم ترین اموری است که در اجرای آن شکی نیست.National Geographic is exploiting Thanksgiving weekend by scaring people into believing climate change is “coming for New England’s cranberries.” As reported here last week at Climate Realism, however, cranberry production in New England and throughout the nation is steadily increasing and setting new records nearly every year as the Earth modestly warms and as more atmospheric carbon dioxide improves plant growth and crop production.
In a Thanksgiving Eve article titled, “Climate change is coming for New England’s cranberries,” National Geographic claims changes in climate “are making [cranberries] harder to grow and putting a question mark next to the iconic, beloved crop’s future.”
However, National Geographic presents no actual data to support its claim. Fortunately, the U.S. Department of Agriculture provides such data.
As noted last week here on Climate Realism, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Agriculture Statistics Service estimates record Massachusetts cranberry production in 2020. That directly contradicts National Geographic’s claim. That also likely explains why National Geographic chose not to include any data in its article. The USDA also estimates strong cranberry production in Wisconsin this year. Wisconsin and Massachusetts are the two leading states for cranberry production.
Cranberry production in Massachusetts, Wisconsin, and the rest of the United States has been so strong in recent years that, according to the Wisconsin State Farmer news site, “Facing a continued glut of cranberries and depressed prices, in 2017 the cranberry industry asked federal officials in 2017 to take unusual steps aimed at reducing production.”
“The industry’s U.S. Cranberry Marketing Committee asked the USDA to cap the amount of cranberries grown in 2018 at 75% of the normal crop. The committee also has asked the USDA to have cranberry companies withhold 15% of the 2017 crop from the marketplace,” the State Farmer reported.
The chart below, ironically published last year by National Geographic, documents and illustrates the consistent, long-term growth in cranberry production. The chart ends with the year 2018, but that trend will continue with the estimated 2020 record crop production.
Climate change may indeed be coming for New England’s cranberries. If it is, however, it is coming to aid cranberry farmers producing more and more cranberries.这位朋友你好，一般来说，产妇在哺乳期期间，脑垂体会分泌激素促进母乳的产生。很多人不相信不如期间会怀孕。这是错误的。虽然在生下小孩后的两个月之内身体是不会进行排軟的所以在生小孩后的两个月之内是不会怀孕的。但是千万不要以为绝对不会怀孕。在两个月之后还是有几率会怀孕。另外需要注意的是刚生完小孩的两个月之内产妇需要一定的时间去休息恢复自己的心理和身体状况。所以作为一个负责的丈夫在这段时间不应该进行性行为
需要注意的是在哺乳期间妈妈吃的任何东西都会进入乳汁，都会让孩子是变相的摄入，所以这个时间一定要吃安全可靠的东西一定不能乱吃东西避免孩子摄入不好的。这是对自己的负责也是对下一代的负责
一般来说女性哺乳期间怀孕对身体的伤害是非常大的。如果是破腹产。第二胎一般要在两三年以后才能进行生育如果是顺产也要等一年后进行生育另外如果在哺乳期间怀孕会导致母乳不能喂小孩。让小孩失去了一个和妈妈沟通的机会
在怀孕期间一定要注意自己的身体健康。不要让自己有太大的压力。先下下来后一定要注意什么东西能吃什么东西不能吃。如果条件允许就不要用奶粉来代替母乳。母乳内含所含的东西可以提升孩子的免疫力抗心
做妈妈的一定要报有乐观的心态。千万不要有太大的压闲着无聊可以经常出去走一走舒缓心情。最好带着孩子一起出去可以增强大家的体质。何乐不为呢。noldorinli bir zanaatkardır. silmarillion daha detaylı irdelendiğinde okurun karşısına celebrimbor feanor'un soyundan olduğu ortaya çıkar. feanor'un beşinci oğlu olan curufin'in oğludur. mücevher işçiliğine olan tutkusu cüceleri aratmaz ve içlerinde en samimi dostu narvi
olmak üzere khazad-dum'daki cücelerle yakın ilişkiler kurarak kısa süre içinde eregion
'daki zanaatkarların başı konumuna yükselmiştir.
buarada sauron'un entrikalarını bozmaya çalışan galadriel lorinand
'da başarıya ulaşırken, gil-galad lindon kapılarını sauron'a açmamıştı. fakat sauron'un şansı eregion'daki noldor topluluğuyla, özellikle de feanor'un mesleki becerileri ve şöhretini kıskanan celembrimbor'la daha iyi gider. sauron kendini annatar
, yani hünerlerin efendisi olarak tanıtıp eregionlu zanaatkarların aklını çeler ve bulundukları yerlerden koparır. kendisine valar tarafından ortadünyaya gönderilmiş bir elçi süsü verir ve elflere yardım etmek üzere orada kalma emri aldığını iddia eder.
sahip olduğu tüm hünerleri gwaith-i-mirdain
adında lonca benzeri bir kardeşlik oluşturan ve buna dayanarak eregion'daki nüfuzunu giderek arttıran celebrimbor ve diğer zanaatkarların hizmetine sunan sauron onları etkisi altına almaya başladı fakat bunu yaparken gizlilikle hareket ediyor galadriel ve celeborn'un durumu sezinlememesine özen gö
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专家排名She sounds like the most badass woman to ever rule pre-colonial South America: Queen K'abel of the Maya, one of the greatest leaders of Classic Maya civilization. Archaelogists have known about her reign through plaques that commemorate her reign. But now, a research team working in Guatemala has finally discovered her tomb — including her remains.
In addition to finding K'abel's decayed skeleton, the archaeologists uncovered a hoard of glistening jade jewels and a small alabaster vase adorned with the image of an older woman's face. The vase was inscribed with the queen's name, which confirmed the identity of the tomb's lone occupant.
Lead researcher David Freidel believes the discovery is significant, not only because the tomb is that of a notable historical figure in Maya history, but because the newly uncovered tomb presents a unique situation in which Maya archaeological and historical records meet.
Speaking through a press release, he noted, "The Classic Maya civilization is the only 'classical' archaeological field in the New World - in the sense that like archaeology in Ancient Egypt, Greece, Mesopotamia or China, there is both an archaeological material record and an historical record based on texts and images."
According to the researchers, K'abel was one of the greatest rulers of the Late Classic period. She ruled with her husband, K'inich Bahlam, for at least 20 years (672-692 AD). She was also the military governor of the Wak kingdom for her family, the imperial house of the Snake King, and she carried the title "Kaloomte'," which translates to "Supreme Warrior," higher in authority than her husband, the king.
K'abel also is famous for her portrayal on the famous Maya stela, Stela 34 of El Perú (shown above left), which can be found in the Cleveland Art Museum.
Details of the study can be found here (pdf).
Images via AFP/Proyecto Arqueologico El Peru-Waka'.報導 關於 人权 來自 十月, 2011
家暴在亚美尼亚一直是个禁忌话题，但在去年10月，年仅20岁的Zaruhi Petrosyan遭到丈夫与丈夫的母亲暴力殴打至死，让许多民众与组织决定挺身而出，面对这项全国超过四分之一女性遭遇的问题。
Pedazos de La Isla报导了两位古巴异议份子，据传只因“想在自己的国家境内旅游”以及“和平示威”，而遭到殴打与拘留。 校对：Portnoy
九零年代，蒙鐡洛（Ronaldo Monteiro）因掳人勒赎，在巴西遭判处28年有期徒刑，他和许多狱囚在服刑期间，都关心家人在外的安危，决定在狱中成立工作单位，以回收与贩卖纸张赚钱，部分利润用来改善设备，其余则寄给家人，这就是“Uma Chance”（机会）计划的起点。
一个月前，经过数个月的拘留和绝食抗议，多名巴林医护人员得以交保等待审判。现在法庭公布了令人震惊的判决，被告分别被以威胁公共秩序、非法拥有武器、侵入国家主要医院萨尔马尼亚综合医院，
笔真的比剑有力吗？或者在这个时代，键盘比装了雷射瞄准器的突击步枪更有力吗？某些方面来说是的。无论是想激起人们的热情、抹黑某个人，或只是想转变讨论的方向，有权有势的人可以避免采取高压控制，而是藉由插入错误或误导人的报导来改变公众意见。
博客The Contrarian Hungarian描述了布达佩斯“漫长的抗议周末”-详见此处与此处，并写了关于“一个艺术竞赛，既能发挥创意，也能抗议近来政府限制新闻自由的情况”-详见此处。博客Hungarian Spectrum对今日抗议的评论是：“[…]超过100个工会与民间团体创造了一个匈牙利版的波兰团结工联运动，显示出某些事情正在酝酿之中。”Soluzione cruciverba ✓ Battuta di dubbio gusto.
Ecco la soluzione di 14 lettere per risolvere i Cruciverba de La Settimana Enigmistica e altre riviste per la definizione: Battuta di dubbio gusto, utile per le parole crociate.
Soluzione : SPIRITOSAGGINE
Una battuta di dubbio gusto è associata alla spiritosaggine poiché si tratta di un commento umoristico che, seppur controverso, cerca di intrattenere o suscitare ilarità. La spiritosaggine implica un tono leggero e scherzoso, anche se talvolta può essere mal ricevuta. In questo contesto, la battuta potrebbe mirare a suscitare sorrisi attraverso un approccio umoristico, anche se il suo contenuto potrebbe essere considerato inappropriato o offensivo da alcune persone.
Soluzioni per Battuta di dubbio gusto:Definizione del 1 Febbraio, 2024
Altre soluzioni? Aiutaci nell’inserimento di definizioni per cruciverba o giochi come Codycross, commenta e cerca le risposte che non hai trovato.
« Una valvola dello stomaco Precedente
Successivo Rispondenza alle regole »Intervistato da Patti Smith per Vanity Fair America, Johnny Depp ha rivelato che tutti i personaggi interpretati nella sua carriera da attore, hanno messo in evidenza la sua anima gay:
Ma come non lo sapevi che tutti i miei personaggi sono gay? Lo so che forse non è la cosa più salutare al mondo, ma immagino di essere un po’ come una cassettiera che contiene tutti questi personaggi che ho interpretato e ognuno di loro continua a saltare fuori, come una parte di me.
Una condizione attoriale che gli ha procurato non pochi problemi. Pare che i dirigenti della Disney, inizialmente, non amassero particolarmente la sua interpretazione di Jack Sparrow nella saga de I Pirati dei Caraibi (il quarto capitolo uscirà in Italia a maggio 2011). La Smith rivela:
Non riuscivano proprio a sopportarlo, Michael Eisner, che allora era il capo della Disney, sbraitava per il set ‘è lui che sta dirigendo il film!’. Tutti dicevano ‘Che cos’ha che non va Johnny? Sembra uno stupido semplicione, è ubriaco? Forse è troppo gay.
Magari!600 g di salsiccia di maiale fresca, mezzo bicchiere di vino bianco, 1 spicchio di aglio, 1 foglia di alloro, sale, pepe.
Aiutandovi con uno spiedino di metallo praticate alcuni fori sulla salsiccia; quindi, trasferitela in una padella capiente e fatela cuocere per qualche secondo prima di aggiungere l'aglio sbucciato e schiacciato e la foglia di alloro e fatela cuocere fino a quando non risulta ben rosolata;
A questo punto, bagnate con il vino bianco, alzate la fiamma, fate evaporare la parte alcolica e proseguite la cottura ancora per circa 15 minuti a fiamma media e rigirandola un paio di volte affinché si cuoce uniformemente.
A cottura ultimata, servite la salsiccia in tavola ben calda con un contorno di insalata.how do you prune wallflowers
I have got wallflowers that have long stems with just one bloom at its tip
Certified GKH Gardening Expert
Two things come to mind:
This can happen when there is not enough nutrients in the soil, or an excessive amount of nitrogen, but not enough potassium and phosphorus.
This can also happen when there isn't quite enough sun, so be sure that these receive more sun than shade, if they are in a shaded location.
This article will help you to grow these plants: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/flowers/wallflower/growing-wallflower-plants.htmکاپیتان تیم ملی کشتی آزاد ایران بعد از مدت ها سکوت خود را شکست و از ناداوری صورت گرفته علیه خود در المپیک گلایه کرد.
خبرگزاری ایسنا: کاپیتان تیم ملی کشتی آزاد ایران بعد از مدت ها سکوت خود را شکست و از ناداوری صورت گرفته علیه خود در المپیک گلایه کرد.
رضا یزدانی دارنده دو مدال طلا و دو برنز دنیا و کاپیتان تیم ملی کشتی آزاد ایران بعد از مدت ها سکوت به دنبال ناکامی در رقابت های المپیک 2016 ریو، به گفت وگو با ایسنا پرداخت و آخرین حالت خود را تشریح کرد که در ادامه این گفتگو را می خوانید.
* با وجود مصدومیت شدیدی که از ناحیه آشیل پای راست داشتید اما در رقابت های المپیک بسیار جسورانه و جنگنده ظاهر شدید اما با ناداوری نگذاشتند که با مدال المپیک از کشتی خداحافظی کنید. درباره حضور در المپیک توضیح دهید.
مثل اینکه قسمت من این است که به مدال المپیک نرسم و با خاطره ای بد این رقابت ها را پشت سر بگذارم. متاسفانه هم در المپیک لندن که به علت مصدومیت نتوانستم به مدال برسم و هم در این المپیک که با وجود مصدومیت شدید و تحمل سختی های عمده عازم ریو شدم اما متاسفانه ناداوری نگذاشت که به مدال المپیک برسم. واقعا فکرش را هم نمی کردم که سرنوشت این گونه برایم رقم بخورد.
* از کشتی مقابل گازیموف آذربایجانی و ناداوری در این مبارزه بگویید.
خب من با شرایط واقعا سختی به المپیک رسیدم و زجر زیادی کشیدم تا بتوانم در این رقابت ها به مدال برسم اما مقابل حریف آذربایجانی واقعا حقم را خوردند. بعد از آن اتفاق هم شرایط من واقعا به لحاظ جسمانی آنقدر ایده آل نبود که بخواهم سراپا حمله شوم و نتیجه را جبران کنم بلکه بیشتر دنبال این بودم که با برنامه ریزی حساب شده او را تحت ف
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，则必须做好心理准备，因为它很臭，除非您每天都给它。洗个澡，否则晚上皱纹上的污垢会开始困扰
编辑作者: AK宠物吧
发布时间: 2020-08-26
版权声明：本文为 “演示站” 原创文章，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明；提问者：wl2032***时间：2019-10-04 09:59:44地点：拉萨
你好，我有劳动合同纠纷的问题想咨询一下，具体情况如下：我与公司于今年三月二十号签订了为期一年的劳动合同，现在公司以效益不好为由，要求我提前离开公司并不给任何的补偿，在此期间虽签订了合同但公司并没有购买保险。如果就这样走了我可以去劳动局告公司吗？我现在应该怎么做？
拉萨法律问答顾问
就业协议书具有一定的广泛性和权威性，是学校制订就业方案派遣毕业生、用人单位申请用人指标的主要依据，对签约的三方都有约束力。所以毕业生就业时一定要签署就业协议书。协议书一经签署，协议各方须严格履行协议内容：毕业生要保证自己能正常毕业，按时到单位报到;用人单位要按照合法的用人程序接收毕业生，妥善安置毕业生的户口、档案;学校要按照规定程序派遣毕业生。
劳动合同是劳动者与用工单位之间确立，明确双方权利和义务的协议。劳动合同按合同的内容分为劳动合同制范围以内的劳动合同和劳动合同制范围以外的劳动合同;按合同的形式分为要式劳动合同和非要式劳动合同
用人单位应当与员工签订书面劳动合同，就业协议书不属于劳动合同，两者不具同一性，单位没有权利让员工承担违约金。按照《劳动合同法》的规定，用人单位与员工在一个月之内应当签订书面劳动合同，否则从第二个月的次日起应当支付劳动者的双倍工资，并且办理五险一金。
2019-10-09 22:49:19
林芝法律问答顾问
2019-10-05 09:10:30
昌都法律问答顾问
2019-10-09 17:28:52网友提问：
假如我左右手各拿一个1/2临界质量的铀235半球，用力合起来会爆炸吗？
优质回答：
会爆炸的，曾经真出过事故，一科学家不小心把两个半临界质量的铀球碰到了一起，瞬间铀球发热，发出耀眼的光芒。科学家不顾一切，用手掰开两个铀球，避免了一场实验室的核爆，但自己献出了生命。大家为纪念他，称他为徒手阻止核爆的人。
其他网友观点
不会爆炸，但会产生亚临界反应。作死者，会收到到大量的新手大礼包，足够作到死，爽到死的大礼包。
每颗原子里面，都有精心计算过的炸药和安排巧妙的雷管。
依次(几十毫秒的差距)引爆雷管，同时产生爆轰波，将中子帮和外围的铀，同时向爆轰中心点挤压。
轰的一下，原子弹就响了。
原子反应需要足够的压强，这可以是内部巨大质量引发的重力，也可以又外边产生的爆轰压。
双手同时合击，无法产生足够的压强，起始加速度先天不足。真的能拍出这样的效果，原子都可以不用去造了，直接一如来神掌。怼天怼地，人人都是终极武器。
原子弹威力，来自光辐射，电子辐射和冲击波。
在太空玩原子弹，就剩个光电辐射。冲击波是没有的。
当然也不是没有，就是其质量太小，没啥搞头。
太阳爆掉的冲击效果，咋能和只有几十公斤的原子相提并论呢。
疯狂的伊万，也只有几吨的重量，这还是个毛重不是净重。真正的重量，那是个秘密，只有大毛自己知道。
知道的太多，会被提前干掉地。
原子弹，其实是种很简单的核反应弹。核爆排斥效应无法长时间存在。因中子电子质子冲撞，短时间内消亡的物质很少。
如果有约束性装置的存在，产生较长时间的光辐射电子辐射效应，而里面的铀在电子中子质子冲撞过程中，被大量的冲撞成基本粒子。
呵呵，最终，一颗几十公斤的高效反应原子弹，爆掉地球也不是件难事。(一汤匙反物质材料，与正物质产生的泯灭能量，能蒸发掉所以的海洋，几十公斤的正物质破碎的能量，呵呵。)
质量足够大，爆掉太阳也是有可能的。
原子世界很奇妙，在动静间寻的平衡。就像平衡大师所展现的一根羽毛的质量。
原子的稳定也就一个电子的质量。中子冲撞，破坏了原子核，也扰动了电子运行轨道，产生了光电辐射效应。
这些流浪小孩，又对周围的其它物质产生了冲撞及扰动效果，导致了其它物质的不稳定性。
造成了它们本质性破坏，而从这种破坏性骚乱中恢复过来，需要很长的时间。
原子弹是好东西也是坏东西，就看用着什么地方？什么时候？对谁用？
就像菜刀一样，杀人的不是刀，是人。
原子弹就像菜刀一样，没有了菜刀，人类生蚝饮血？手撕牙啃？
在还不能星际大移民的情况下，又天降神物，也只有原子弹能降服它。
没了原子弹，那就只好集体去阴曹地府，跟恐龙大哥们过日子去。
多年后，人龙一起卡歌一曲，我不做大哥好多年。呵呵。
其他网友观点
临界质量只是链式反应的前提。铀235达到临界质量的铀块后，只是达到了裂变反应的条件，但仍需有中子轰击铀块触发裂变，被轰击后的铀235原子裂变释放大量中子再轰击其他铀235原子，达成链式反应。因此最初的中子轰击是起爆原子弹的必要条件。
来源互联网，侵权请反馈到3484479098@qq.com 如若转载，请注明出处：https://www.1shuadan.com/post/264367.htmlSiz de dövme yaptırmak isteyip, ne olacağına karar veremeyenlerdenseniz bu haber hoşunuza gidecek. Klişe ama doğru bir laf vardır ya ‘Sıkılmayacağın bir dövme yaptırmak.' İşte onun için kolları sıvadık, hala karar veremeyenlere ilham verecek bir dosya hazırladık.
Adam Levine, Angelina Jolie, Cara Delevingne ve daha fazlası. Dövme meraklısı ünlülerin seçimlerine zoom yaptık, hepsini galerimizde topladık. Buyrunuz:Rainbow in a Glass
- A mug
- 5 separate cups
- A Tablespoon
- A clear glass
- A dropper or pipette
- Separate the Skittles into the cups, in these amounts: 2 red, 4 orange, 6 yellow, 8 green, and 10 purple.
- Heat a mug of water in the microwave for a minute and a half (or long enough that the water is hot, but not boiling). Be careful removing the water from the microwave–it’s hot!
- Measure and pour two tablespoons of hot water into each cup, on top of the Skittles.
- Stir each cup carefully so no water splashes out. The cups need to be cool for the next part of the experiment, so leave them somewhere where they won’t get knocked over. Stir them every ten minutes or so until the Skittles are dissolved and the water is room temperature.
- Using the dropper, add the colored water from the five cups to the clear glass. Start with purple, then add green, then yellow, orange, and red last. Go slowly here, we don’t want the different layers to mix.
- Congratulations, you made a rainbow. You didn’t even have to go outside!
How does it work?
Skittles are mostly made of sugar. When you add hot water to them, the sugar dissolves and the coloring on the shell of the Skittles turns the water different colors. The cup with only two red Skittles doesn’t have as much sugar as the cup with ten purple Skittles, but they both have the same amount of water. The amount of matter packed into a certain amount of space is called the density of the material. The red water is less dense than the purple water, so it will float on top of the purple water.
- We added our colors in heaviest-to-lightest order. Does the rainbow still form if you add the red water first, then the orange, yellow, green, and purple?
- What happens if you stir your rainbow? What if you leave it sitting there over night?“I’m connecting people”
Questa è la risposta della mia amica Di Ann Esnor quando qualcuno le chiede cosa fa nella vita.
Prima le faceva comunicare in una conference room, come consulente. Ora lo fa utilizzando lo spazio infinito di internet.
Con Di Ann e Jason abbiamo passato un bel periodo ad Amsterdam. Loro prima vivevano a New York City in un loft e avevano un museo per bambini. In casa.
Marco li aveva subito catalogati come amici di Elena che praticano mestieri incomprensibili ai più, categoria che conta molti elementi nella mia schiera di conoscenze. Anche ad Amsterdam vivevano in uno spazio grande abbastanza per andarci in bicicletta. E ad Amsterdam son veramente cose, i metri quadrati. Marta ha sempre amato lo snack a base di mela fresca spalmata con peanutbutter che Di-Ann preparava a merenda.
Con loro ho tenuto la mia prima lezione di cucina per bimbi nella loro prima casa, una casa antica con un lavandino in cucina cosThe Poverty of Philosophy
Chapter One: A Scientific Discovery
“Gold and silver were the first commodities to have their value constituted."
[Vol, I p. 80]
Thus, gold and silver are the first applications of “value constituted” ... by M. Proudhon. And as M. Proudhon constitutes the value of products determining it by the comparative amount of labour embodied in them, the only thing he had to do was to prove that variations in the value of gold and silver are always explained by variations in the labour time taken to produce them. M. Proudhon has no intention of doing so. He speaks of gold and silver not as commodities, but as money.
His only logic, if logic it be, consists in juggling with the capacity of gold and silver to be used as money for the benefit of all the commodities which have the property of being evaluated by labour time. Decidedly there is more na´vetÚ than malice in this jugglery.
A useful product, once it has been evaluated by the labour time needed to produce it, is always acceptable in exchange; witness, cries M. Proudhon, gold and silver, which exist in my desired conditions of “exchangeability"! Gold and silver, then, are value which has reached a state of constitution:
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non-critical, semi-critical and critical), based on the potential risk of infection involved in their useFootnote 247. Healthcare workers need to be able to identify semi-critical and critical items for reprocessing by high level disinfection or sterilization. Healthcare workers also need to be able to identify non-critical equipment and ensure it has been cleaned before use (refer to item below).
Reprocessing of reusable medical devices can occur within a hospital or regional health facility, or it can be contracted to a third-party reprocessor. When third-party reprocessors are contracted, provincial/territorial regulations should apply. Reusable devices need to be reprocessed by trained personnel under the supervision of specially trained individuals. To the largest extent possible, reprocessing should be in a centralized location and audited on a regular basis. Where this is not achievable, single-use disposable devices are preferred.
Identification and reprocessing of prion-contaminated equipment (agents responsible for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) require more rigorous and highly specific processes. Readers should refer to specific PHAC guidanceFootnote 248, Footnote 249, Footnote 250 for further information.
Reprocessing of patient care equipment—Reprocessing and reuse of single-use medical devices
Devices designed and sold for single use are not intended for reprocessing and reuse. Nevertheless, a 2006 survey to investigate the practices of reprocessing and reusing single-use devices (SUDs) in Canadian acute-care hospitals found that 28% of hospitals reprocess SUDs, either by in-house or third-party reprocessingFootnote 251. These results were similar to a Canadian survey in 2000Footnote 252. Concerns related to reprocessing SUDs include the increased risk of patient adverse events, legal liability, ethical concerns and the cost-effectiveness of reprocessingFootnote 251. Reprocessing SUDs involves a process to ensure an original SUD previously used on one patient is safe for use on another patient, and includes cleaning, functional testing, repacking, relabeling, testing for pyrogenic substances and disinfection or sterilizationFootnote 253. Healthcare organizations contracting third-party reprocessors for this purpose must adhere to provincial/territorial legislation. At the time of this writing, there is no process to regulate third-party reprocessors of SUDs in Canada. For this reason, facilities that choose to reprocess SUDs must contract to Food and Drug Administration-regulated facilities in the US.
Reprocessing of patient care equipment—Cleaning and disinfection of non-critical patient care equipment
Contamination of patient care equipment, items in the patient environment and the patient's environment has been documented and implicated in transmission of infection. (Refer to List 1, Examples of environmental sources of contamination). Used or potentially contaminated items that have had contact with a patient's intact skin should always be cleaned and disinfected before use with another patient. Refer below for cleaning of the patient environment.
Measures to minimize exposure to environmental contamination includeFootnote 239:
- dedicating non-critical medical equipment to a single patientFootnote 254
- assigning responsibility and accountability for routine cleaning and disinfection of patient care equipmentFootnote 255, Footnote 256, Footnote 257, Footnote 258
- ensuring environmental cleaning is done according to a set procedure and frequency, documented and supervised by adequately trained personnel and by dedicated personnel
- ensuring surfaces are constructed of materials that can be easily cleaned at the point-of- useFootnote 201, Footnote 202
- increasing the frequency of cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched surfacesFootnote 70, Footnote 82, Footnote 95, Footnote 254, Footnote 259, Footnote 260
- monitoring adherence to recommended environmental cleaning practicesFootnote 261, Footnote 262, Footnote 263
- ensuring rooms are terminally cleaned following patient discharge and after discontinuing precautionsFootnote 263 (refer to Appendix VII)
- determining what product to use for routine environmental cleaning
In situations of continued transmission of certain microorganisms (e.g., norovirus, rotavirus, C. difficile) use of specific disinfectant products may need to be consideredFootnote 78, Footnote 239, Footnote 264, Footnote 265. In outbreak situations or when there is continued transmission, rooms of C. difficile infection patients should be decontaminated and cleaned with chlorine-containing cleaning agents (at least 1,000 ppm) or other sporicidal agentsFootnote 43, Footnote 266, Footnote 267, Footnote 268, Footnote 269, Footnote 270, Footnote 271.
Additional information is available in the CDC/Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare FacilitiesFootnote 239 and CDC's Guidelines for Environmental Infection Control in Health-Care FacilitiesFootnote 72.
Most waste generated in healthcare settings is no more hazardous than household wasteFootnote 272, Footnote 273, Footnote 274. Special handling of sharps and some biomedical waste (e.g., sponges, dressings or surgical drapes soaked with blood or secretions) may be required by local regulationsFootnote 275. Waste receptacles should be conveniently located and preferably no-touch. Local regulations may apply.
Additional information is available in the Canadian Standards Association Handling of Waste Materials in Health Care Facilities and Veterinary Health Care FacilitiesFootnote 275.
Although linen in healthcare facilities may become contaminated with pathogens, risk of transmission of disease is negligibleFootnote 117, Footnote 276, Footnote 277. Care should be taken in the handling of soiled linen to prevent dispersal of microorganismsFootnote 278, Footnote 279. Special handling of linen from patients on additional precautions is not requiredFootnote 276, Footnote 280
Clean linen should be transported and stored in a manner to prevent inadvertent handling or contamination by dust, which may contain fungal spores harmful to immunocompromised patientsFootnote 72.
Additional information is available in the CDC's Guidelines for Environmental Infection Control in Health-Care FacilitiesFootnote 72.
Management of deceased bodies
There are no special recommendations when handling deceased bodies, preparing bodies for autopsy or transferring bodies to mortuary services. Routine practices properly and consistently applied and the additional precautions as indicated prior to death (contact or airborne) is sufficient. Droplet precautions are an exception and are not necessary postmortem. Some provinces and territories may have specified communicable disease regulations.
Management of pets/animals
The use of pet therapy in health care may have benefits to patients. Policies and procedures for animal health screening and IPC for animal-assisted interventions in healthcare facilities are an organizational responsibility. Recommendations for IPC practices related to animal health screening and interventions in healthcare facilities have been publishedFootnote 71, Footnote 72.
C. Role of the healthcare worker
1. Point-of-care risk assessment
Prior to every patient interaction, HCWs have a responsibility to assess the infectious risk posed to themselves and other patients, visitors and HCWs by a patient, situation procedure. The PCRA is an evaluation of the variables (risk factors) related to the interaction between the HCW, the patient and the patient's environment to assess and analyze their potential for exposure to infectious agents and identify risks for transmissionFootnote 283. This PCRA is based on judgement about the clinical situation (including the patient's clinical condition, physical, emotional and mental state) and up-to-date information on how the specific healthcare organization has designed and implemented engineering and administrative controls, availability and use of PPE. Control measures are based on the evaluation of the variables (risk factors) identified.
Healthcare workers should routinely perform PCRAs many times a day to apply control measures for their safety and the safety of patients and others in the healthcare environment.
For example, a PCRA is performed when a HCW evaluates a patient and situation to:
- determine the priority for single rooms or for roommate selection if rooms are to be shared by patients
- determine the possibility of exposure to blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions and non-intact skin and select appropriate control measures (e.g., PPE) to prevent exposure
- apply strategies to reduce aerosol generation during AGMPs (refer to Part B, Section IV, subsection iii, 1b)
- determine the need for additional precautions when routine practices are not sufficient to prevent exposure
Risk factors affecting control measures
Control measures to prevent exposure or transmission may differ according to specific microorganism, patient condition, situation or procedure and care setting. For example, measures to reduce the transmission of respiratory infections will differ from those to reduce the transmission of gastrointestinal infections. Certain patients (e.g., young children, incontinent adults and cognitively impaired individuals) or specific procedures on certain patients may increase risk of transmission, thereby requiring different control measures. Healthcare workers are at higher risk of exposure to respiratory viruses when providing care to patients who have copious respiratory secretions or frequent cough and are unable to perform self-care, including respiratory hygiene and hand hygiene. Procedures such as AGMPs have been shown to increase the transmission of TBFootnote 153 and SARSFootnote 150, Footnote 152, Footnote 284 and, therefore, specific control measures (refer to Part B, Section IV, subsection iii, 1b) should be used.
Some infections may be more readily transmitted in paediatric settings than in adult settings. Infection is a frequent cause of healthcare utilization by young children, who often harbour microorganisms, especially respiratory and gastrointestinal viruses that they may shed, even if asymptomaticFootnote 181, Footnote 285. Young children are also susceptible to many infections, as they may have not yet developed immunity to many microorganisms. The close proximity of large numbers of infectious persons and susceptible hosts favours transmission, as do behavioural characteristics of young children, such as incontinence, inadequate hygiene, frequent mouthing of hands and toys or other objects, drooling and direct contact between children during play. In addition, frequent hands-on contact from HCWs and parents may occur during basic care. Shared toys, playrooms and visiting siblings may also contribute to the transmission riskFootnote 181, Footnote 285.
There is variation of risk within different settings (e.g., prehospital, acute, LTC, ambulatory and home care). Therefore, control measures may often need to be modified, depending on the healthcare setting, as it would be inappropriate to impose the same level of precautions in each setting. The usual care model of LTC is to provide a home-like setting with participation in activities of daily living. There should be a balanced approach offering a safe environment without undue restrictive measures that could be detrimental to the individual's overall well-being or quality of lifeFootnote 286. There may be potential for increased risk of transmission with prehospital care, as it is an uncontrolled environmentFootnote 287.
The risk of cross-transmission may increase when patients share rooms instead of being accommodated in single patient care roomsFootnote 48, Footnote 201, Footnote 202, Footnote 288, Footnote 289, Footnote 290, Footnote 291, Footnote 292, Footnote 293, Footnote 294, Footnote 295, Footnote 296, Footnote 297, Footnote 298, Footnote 299, Footnote 300, Footnote 301, Footnote 302.
Knowledge and skills for point-of-care risk assessment
Healthcare workers should have sufficient knowledge, skills and resources to perform a PCRA before every interaction with a patient to apply appropriate control measures. In order to perform a PCRA, each HCW should have an understanding of the following principles, taking into consideration the level of care they are providing, their level of education and their specific job/responsibilities:
- the links in the chain of infection
- variables that influence transmission of microorganisms that may include type of exposure, size of inoculum, host susceptibility and control methods that reduce risk
- characteristics of the microorganisms that may include reservoirs, infectivity, mode of transmission, incubation period, period of communicability and virulence
- patient care practices and activities that contribute to exposure to microorganisms
- exposure risks specific to the healthcare setting
- environmental circumstances
- the level of risk and the appropriate control measures to be put in place to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms
- how to consult with IPC with concerns or questions
- control measures that may differ with different microorganisms and in different healthcare settings
Application of point-of-care risk assessments
When performing a PCRA, each HCW may consider asking questions to determine the risk of exposure and potential for transmission of microorganisms during patient interactions. Examples of such questions are:
- What contact is the HCW going to have with the patient?
- What task(s) or procedures(s) is the HCW going to perform? Is there a risk of splashes/sprays?
- If the patient has diarrhea, is he/she continent? If incontinent, can stool be contained in an adult incontinence product?
- Is the patient able and willing to perform hand hygiene?
- Is the patient in a shared room?
Tables 2 and 3 provide an overview of some of the risk factors identified in the questions above to consider when applying a PCRA, using C. difficile infection and seasonal influenza as examples. The tables outline how the risk of exposure and potential transmission changes, depending on variables in the infected source, environment and susceptible host. Risk factors to be considered as part of your PCRA, as outlined in Tables 2 and 3, include the following.
- An infected source: The PCRA should evaluate the changing nature of the infected source's symptoms and environment to determine the appropriate PPE for the HCW, other staff members and visitors. The PCRA should also determine if there is a need to move the patient to a single room with a private bathroom, and any other practice changes needed to address a change in a patient's condition.
- A susceptible host: The PCRA should evaluate whether the susceptible host has developed an infection such as C. difficile infection (e.g., cross-infection from a roommate/HCW) or whether the risk posed by an infected source has increased or decreased (e.g., diarrhea has increased or stools are now formed). The PCRA should lead to a determination of appropriate PPE that should be used to care for the patient in various situations. Examples include changing diaper products, taking a blood pressure or delivering meal trays with no patient or environmental contact, determining whether there is a need to move the patient or the roommates to another area, determining whether there is a need for enhanced housekeeping, and any other care practices required as a result of the change in risk for C. difficile acquisition.
|Source||Higher transmission risk||Lower transmission risk|
|Infectious agent/infected source||Frequent diarrhea||Formed stools|
|Poor hygiene||Good hygiene|
|Not capable of self-care due to physical condition, age or cognitive impairment||Capable of self-care|
|Environment||High patient/nurse ratio||Low patient/nurse ratio|
|Shared bathroom, shared sink||Single room, private in-room toilet, designated patient handwashing sink|
|Shared commode without cleaning between patients||Dedicated commode|
|No hand hygiene at point-of-care||Hand hygiene at point-of-care|
|No designated staff handwashing sink or sink is used for other purposes or sink is dirty||Accessible, designated, clean staff handwashing sink|
|Inadequate housekeeping||Appropriate housekeeping|
|Susceptible host (patient)||Receiving direct patient care||Capable of self-care|
|Poor personal hygiene||Good personal hygiene|
|Source||Higher transmission risk||Lower transmission risk|
|Infectious agent/infected source||Copious respiratory secretions||Minimal respiratory secretions|
|Frequent cough or sneeze||Infrequent cough or sneeze|
|Poor compliance with respiratory hygiene||Compliance with respiratory hygiene practices|
|Early stage of illness||Convalescent stage of illness|
|Not capable of self-care||Capable of self-care|
|Infants and children (potential prolonged viral shedding and environmental contamination)||Adults|
|Immunocompromised (potential prolonged viral shedding)||Immunocompetent|
|Inadequate patient placement or cohorting||Adequate patient placement, cohorting|
|Environment||High patient/nurse ratio||Low patient/nurse ratio|
|Prolonged/frequent contact to infected source||Limited contact with infected source|
|Shared room, washroom||Single room and washroom|
|Inadequate housekeeping||Appropriate housekeeping|
|Shared patient care equipment without cleaning between episodes of patient care||Dedicated equipment or cleaning and disinfection of equipment between uses|
|Inadequate spatial separation between infected source and susceptible host (less than two metres)||Adequate spatial separation between infected source and susceptible host (at least two metres)|
|Non-compliance with cleaning and disinfections standards||Compliance with cleaning and disinfection standards|
|Not capable of self-care||Capable of self-care|
|Underlying disease||No underlying disease|
|Susceptible||Immunized or recovered from disease|
(HCWs or other staff)
|Inadequate application
|
14,251 | 5 | 3 |
�هروندان آسان تر شده و از بار جمعیت بر سطح معابر شهری كاهش می یابد. همین طور امكان تخلیه اضطراری را در شرایط احتمالی تسهیل می كند. بهره برداری از پست فشار قوی ۶۳/۲۰ كیلوولت ایستگاه اكباتان مدیرعامل شركت مترو در ادامه با اشاره به بهره برداری از پست فشار قوی ۶۳/۲۰ كیلوولت ایستگاه اكباتان عنوان كرد: راه اندازی این پست فشار قوی امكان توسعه غربی خط ۴ را از نظر تامین توان میسر كرده و به افزایش مانور و تعمیرات اساسی پست های شبكه برق رسانی كه در بعضی از تجهیزات به دوره تعمیرات اساسی نزدیك شده اند نیز كمك می نماید. امام همین طور با بیان به اینكه پست فشار قوی ایستگاه اكباتان قابلیت طرح توسعه پست برق امیركبیر بمنظور برق رسانی به قسمتی از خط ۴ را نیز فراهم می آورد، عنوان كرد: راه اندازی این پست می تواند به كاهش سرفاصله حركت از ۴ دقیقه به ۲ دقیقه و افزایش جابه جایی مسافر نیز كمك نماید. وی در ادامه عنوان كرد: از طرف دیگر امكان تغذیه برق ۲۰ كیلوولت نیمه غربی خط ۶ نیز از پست فشار قوی ۶۳/۲۰ كیلوولت اكباتان امكان پذیر است. انجام توسعه پست گازی آزادی در ادامه راه اندازی پست برق اكباتان مدیرعامل شركت مترو با اشاره به اینكه تمام پست های برق در خطوط مترو با قابلیت توسعه در سال های آتی راه اندازی می شوند به توسعه پست گازی آزادی اشاره و عنوان كرد: این پست ۲۲ سال پیش راه اندازی شده بود و تنها به پشتیبانی خط ۲مترو كمك می كرد. با راه اندازی خط ۴ لزوم توسعه پست گازی آزادی نیز عنوان شد. وی در ادامه با اشاره به راه اندازی پست فشار قوی ۶۳/۲۰ كیلوولت اكباتان عنوان كرد: اتصال پست گازی آزادی به پست فشار قوی اكباتان نیز در پاسخ به این لزوم انجام شد. مدیرعامل شركت مترو با اشاره به اینكه توسعه پست های برق برای خطوط در حال بهره برداری امری حساس و نیازمند دقت بالا است، اظهار داشت: طراحی پست گازی آزادی در ۲۲ سال قبل توسط چینی ها انجام شده بود و توسعه آن به سبب معارض هایی كه بر سر راه بود امری خطیر بود برای اینكه توسعه آن نیازمند اقداماتی همانند تغییر فشار گاز بدون ایجاد كوچكترین خلل در خط ۲ بود. خوشبختانه این امر با رعایت تمام استانداردها انجام شد.
منبع: كار در محل
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财神财神。他们的规划是有区别的的。。财神分为款项、丝线和星。。偶然产生是上手握粗金属锭的协同明星。，掌管把接地富人，如下居民都=honour他。，使他成圣。三星是上升的。、Lu Xing和寿星，在家，正是Lu Xing才是富人之神。，但通常居民都把制造放合作。。
财神的地方
一复杂而公共用地的方向是把它们放在大门的安博。，不要面临大门。，固然富人的引进在跑道入口，，而是财神不克不及面临大门。。一较好的的方向是在日常的房间里更改钱币的地方。，每天整齐的富人之神的地方。，这是很难做到的。，必要的有特意的直的。，自然，产生甚至较好的。。
优雅的地方必要的放在王室的宝座上。，指责谋杀，同时，富人之神可以孤独地服务性的。，它也可以和声援的财神一同退役。，但不克不及用财神的两种兵器。，不然，就会有钱和折磨。。贡献财神的灯口、假设长明灯是铜材，在点心里放些定型摩丝。、繁荣或小玩意。。财神的安顿，你不克不及面临门。，只供户内的应用，因它是用来寄钱的。，假设面临房间，那执意给户内的的钱。，内向执意把钱捐给公开。，主人临到弥补了。。
对待文书任务或扶助那个的外来工。，它更尤指衣服、颜色等相配祭祖宗财神。。
Wu God的富人地方
财神之道：接防大门，这可以招引更多的富人。。财神安顿中最大的讳执意不曾放钱。，它不只不克不及达成两倍的产生。，相反，他们可能会产生影响他们本人的财务末后。，正是一。。
与款项之神比拟，面临房间是有区别的的。，款项之神理应面临屋子。，接防大门，标语牌可以进入屋子。，它可以是一酒吧间。，防恶入室。因管和赵巩明是古老真正的勇士。，在供给接防，可以按照PEOPL的饮食习惯来做。。与此同时，评价陛下签订协议时，情谊把神和先人接触合作。，因先人是家神。，不克不及与大人坚持均衡，而是你可以把先人放在神的出席或上面。，经过这种方法，居民可以意识到将富人引向战争与先进的功能。。
做套筒和政府官员。，更尤指衣服、颜色等相配评价或提议钱给大人。。
自然，在富人之神的地方上有必然的弃权。，率先，不要坐便器。、不到跑道入口、公开书桌上用的偏袒。在旁边，先人不应与大人一致打扮。：相当王室把先人的宝石放在神的书桌上用的上。。放合作供奉。确实，这是不妥的。，因先人要不是家神。。，与这些神相反，据我的观点居民理应把居民的先人放在大人的手中。 ” 在下面，那就更使好看了。 !
总关于之，《富人之神》的打扮总结了以下的POI
1、财神必攀登国王的特权。、财位上。把它们放在地方性的是不妥的。，不然，它不只会把钱带到弄脏上。，只因为不顺。
2、当富人之神被评价，你不克不及结亲。，正是屋子。。因富人之神是款项。，假设你面临屋子，，它会把屋子里的富人送出去。。
3、当富人之神被评价，有区别的于款项大人。，正相反。，接防跑道入口。。因财神是公义的。，面临大门，所若干邪灵岂敢进入屋子。，在保卫富人接防发挥功能。。
4、财神不尤指衣服、颜色等相配放在家庭生活。，特别的女性住房不尤指衣服、颜色等相配说财神。。
5、不要把两个声援放在一所屋子里。，假设未填写的十足大，你可以把钱放在跑道入口。，把钱放在房间里。
6、财神不克不及放在浴池偏袒。，这对富人之神是不尊敬的。。
7、钱大人不理应面临大门。，或许是每个房间的门。，那会很快。，你赚的钱活没完没了。。
8、假设官员想下台，你可以把富人之神放在文帝。。富人和兴旺官员一直是自古以来的理智。。
9、不要在房间里放这样的钱。，大人的钱越多越好。。
富人之神的角色
在我国的传统文化中，财神是辩护者。，他的总计和总计倾斜。。奇纳古历第七月的第二十二天，这是一祭祖宗财神的�
|
14,251 | 6 | 0 |
yacı yok.."
"Mesela bu hafta sonu buradayım, Jos Avusturya'da gelecek ve ben de oraya gideceğim. Silverstone'da Max kendi başına olacak, Jos Macaristan'a gidecek ve Spa'ya birlikte gideceğiz."
Vermeulen, yaklaşımındaki bu değişikliğin Hollandalı sürücünün Kanada performansına doğrudan bir etkisi olmadığını söyledi.
"Max çok iyi bir hafta sonu geçirdiğini söyledi. İlk kez kendi başınaydı ama buna rağmen yanındaki antrenörü tarafından yönlendirildi. Helmut veya mekanikeriyle akşam yemeğine gitti. Diğerleri gibi bir hafta sonu geçirdi."
"Büyük bir fark olduğunu sanmıyorum. O 20 yaşında, kendi başına bir yere gidebilmek için yeterince büyük! Bu büyük bir olay değil."
"Elbette belli bir boyut katıyor çünkü iyi bir performans ortaya koydu ve basında bazı yorumlar çıktı."
"Fakat geçmişte ben buradayken ya da Jos buradayken de podyumlar aldı. Bu yüzden biz buradayken de iyi performans gösteriyordu!"
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|Seri||Formula 1|
|Pilotlar||Max Verstappen Şimdi al|
|Takımlar||Red Bull Racing Şimdi al|
|Editör||Adam Cooper|Hydraulic System- What Are Its Five Components?Posted on March 24th, 2022
Hydraulic systems are used in a wide range of applications today in hydraulic companies, from simple assembly operations to integrated steel and paper mills. Through Pascal’s law, the operator may achieve multiple tasks like lifting large weights, drilling precise holes, rotating a shaft, and so on, with a minimum investment in mechanical linkage.
“Any pressure applied to a confined fluid at a particular point is distributed throughout the fluid in every direction, but only at right angles inside it and on equal areas on every component of the confining vessel.”
It is obvious that an input force of 100 pounds on 10 square inches will create a pressure of 10 pounds per square inch throughout the confined vessel when using Pascal’s law and Brahma’s application of it. If the weight is 100 square inches, this pressure will sustain a 1000-pound weight.
The hydraulic fluid that is used to convey energy from one place to another embodies the idea of Pascal’s law in a hydraulic system. Hydraulic fluid can transmit power instantly because it is primarily incompressible.
Components of the Hydraulic System
Take a look at the five main components of the hydraulic system given below:
The hydraulic reservoir’s role is to contain a fluid volume, transfer heat from the system, enable solid impurities to settle, and make air and moisture escape from the fluid easier. The industrial filters are located within the reservoir itself.
Mechanical energy is converted into hydraulic energy with the help of the hydraulic pump. The flow of fluid, which serves as the transmission channel, accomplishes this. Hydraulic pumps come in various shapes and sizes, including gear, vane, and piston. Different kinds of these pumps, such as a variable displacement vane pump or a bent-axis piston pump, are designed for various uses. The basic concept of all hydraulic pumps is to displace fluid volume against a resistive load or pressure.
Hydraulic valves are used to start, halt, and guide the fluid flow in a system. Pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical, manual, or mechanical actuation can be used to operate hydraulic valves formed up of poppets or spools.
Pascal’s law has resulted in hydraulic actuators. The hydraulic energy is transformed back to mechanical energy at this point. A hydraulic cylinder, which translates hydraulic energy into linear motion and work, or a hydraulic motor, which converts hydraulic energy into rotating motion and position, can be used to do this. Hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors, like hydraulic pumps, come in various subtypes, each designed for a unique design purpose.
A pressure regulator regulates the hydraulic fluid’s pressure (i.e., maintained). Fluid is carried from the storage tank to one side of the piston and returned from the opposite side of the piston to the tank through closed-loop pipework. A pump draws the fluid from the tank and creates fluid flow at the desired pressure level. If the fluid pressure rises beyond the specified level, the extra fluid returns to the reservoir and remains there until the pressure falls below it.
Why Does Hydraulics Use Oil And Not Water?
The necessity for lubrication inside hydraulic systems is the primary cause for this. A hydraulic system contains several moving pieces that brush against one another. This would result in corrosion and premature wear if not lubricated. Oil forms a layer on the surface of moving parts that functions as a lubricant while they are in motion. The industrial filters help to remove the dirt and keep the oil clean continuously.
The temperature inside a hydraulic system can reach dangerously high levels, and water has a low boiling point. The water boils very compressible, causing the entire system to work inefficiently.
Hydraulic oils have a more excellent boiling point and a lower freezing point. This indicates that the system can operate across a wide temperature range. In the presence of air, water causes the system’s interior components to rust and corrode. This causes the system to degrade prematurely.
You are most likely to find the application of the hydraulic systems in your day to day life and various hydraulic companies. Hydraulic systems are pretty complicated, and each one differs somewhat based on its intended application. For a plan to work correctly, it must include these five essential components.Tutti gli appassionati di tennis hanno aspettato a malapena l'inizio degli Australian Open. Tuttavia, chi direbbe che le cose saranno turbolente come quest'anno? Non parleremo dei dettagli o sosterremo l'una o l'altra parte. Il fatto è che il miglior giocatore del mondo e il nove volte vincitore dell'Australian Open non giocherà quest'anno.
Novak Djokovic sarebbe probabilmente il primo favorito a vincere l'enorme torneo che ha una lunga tradizione. Ma, a causa della pandemia e altre cose che sono diventate piuttosto virali nelle ultime due settimane, non può suonare. Se alcuni dei giocatori della lista qui sotto vincono il torneo, Djokovic potrebbe perdere il primo posto che ha detenuto per un lungo periodo di tempo.
Il torneo è estremamente importante per alcuni altri giocatori. Ad esempio, Nadal sta inseguendo il suo 21esimo titolo del Grande Slam, che lo separerebbe automaticamente dai suoi due principali avversari: Djokovic e Federer. Tuttavia, che ci crediate o no, secondo diversi bookmaker, non è il principale favorito per vincere il titolo.
Invece, vengono date maggiori possibilità ad altri giocatori. Per questo motivo, vorremmo fare un elenco e mostrare chi è il primo favorito a vincere l'Australian Open nel 2023. Siamo sicuri che la maggior parte di voi non sarà sorpresa leggendo la parte restante dell'articolo. Andiamo!
Primo favorito: Daniil Medvedev!
Quando il primo giocatore della lista ATP non gioca, allora, logicamente, il secondo giocatore è il favorito. Daniil Medvedev (a proposito, un ottimo amico di Novak Djokovic) ha la più grande possibilità di vincere l'Australian Open di quest'anno.
Come con qualsiasi altro Grande Slam, questa è una grande motivazione per ogni tennista che ha intenzione di diventare il numero 1 un giorno. Questa volta, però, Medvedev ha un motivo in più per dare il 100% delle sue forze a ogni partita.
Che ci crediate o no, dopo tanto tempo Medvedev potrebbe raggiungere il primo posto nella classifica ATP. Nel quarto round del torneo, ha avuto un serio problema con Cressy. 3 set su 4 durante la partita si sono conclusi con un tie break.
Alcune persone hanno persino iniziato a credere che potesse, potenzialmente, perdere la partita, dopo il terzo set. Sembra però che sia riuscito a ricaricare le pile ea vincere il match nel quarto set.
Nei quarti di finale, il suo avversario è un Auger-Aliassime relativamente buono. Ma è importante ricordare che Medvedev è anche il favorito in quella partita. Vedremo se riuscirà a raggiungere le finali e potenzialmente ad affrontare altri favoriti da questa lista.
Rafael Nadal – Secondo favorito
Anche il tennista spagnolo è motivato a raggiungere il titolo quest'anno. Nonostante stia giocando uno dei più grandi tornei del mondo del tennis, sta anche inseguendo il suo 21° titolo del Grande Slam, il che lo spingerebbe automaticamente un passo avanti verso il diventare il giocatore con il maggior numero di titoli di questo tipo nella storia del tennis.
In effetti, Nadal ha 35 anni, ma questo non gli impedisce di diventare ancora una volta un vincitore del Grande Slam. Ma dobbiamo anche menzionare che non ha raggiunto le finali dell'Australian Open dal 2009, il che è un fatto sorprendente.
Nonostante ciò, non è nemmeno un segreto che Nadal non sia al meglio della forma, ma alla fine è riuscito a riprendersi tutti i problemi di infortunio che aveva in passato. Vedremo se soddisferà le aspettative dei suoi fan di tutto il mondo.
Stefanos Tsitsipas
Finora Tsitsipas sta giocando abbastanza bene. Aveva un piccolo problema per vincere Fritz, il tennista americano. Tuttavia, sembra che Sinner non sia stato un grosso problema visto che è riuscito a vincerlo in tre set per un periodo relativamente breve.
Questo lo colloca al terzo posto in questa lista. Tsitsipas sta aspettando la fine della partita tra Auger-Aliassime e Medvedev poiché il vincitore di questa partita sarà il suo avversario in semifinale.
In altre parole, due dei tre principali favoriti si incontreranno potenzialmente la prossima settimana. Alcune persone dicono che il vincitore di quella partita vincerà il titolo, ma dobbiamo ancora vedere come cambieranno le cose nei prossimi due giorni.
Alexander Zverev
Bene, mentre stiamo scrivendo questo articolo, Zverev ha già concluso il suo viaggio agli Australian Open. Nessuno si aspettava che avrebbe perso facilmente una partita nel Round 4 contro Shapovalov. Non vogliamo dire che Shapovalov non sia un buon giocatore. Quel match, infatti, vinse agevolmente in tre set.
Ma, secondo i bookmaker, era anche il secondo favorito a vincere questo torneo prima ancora che l'intero evento iniziasse. Per questo motivo, dovrà ancora aspettare per vincere il suo primo titolo del Grande Slam.
Quindi, dovrei scommettere?
In generale, questo articolo PUÒ aiutarti a fare determinate previsioni. Tuttavia, il "caso Zverev" e la sua conclusione anticipata sono in realtà un buon messaggio. L'Australian Open è un torneo enorme e tutti sono fortemente motivati a raggiungere le finali e potenzialmente lottare per il titolo.
Tutti i giocatori della lista hanno un movente speciale. Quel motivo è diventato particolarmente forte quando il principale favorito di tutti (leggi: Novak Djokovic) non è stato in grado di giocare il torneo. Per questo motivo, ti suggeriamo di analizzare le partite rimanenti di ciascun giocatore e provare a prevedere chi ha le maggiori possibilità di raggiungere l'obiettivo.
Naturalmente, le scommesse sportive non sono l'unico modo per divertirsi. Le persone possono anche provare altri giochi da casinò e guardare il torneo solo come supporter. Per questo motivo, potresti volerlo clicca qui e metti alla prova la tua fortuna con le slot o qualsiasi altro gioco da casinò supportato da alcuni dei migliori software di gioco al mondo. Non ti sembra un'idea migliore nel caso in cui non hai molta familiarità con il tennis?بزرگ و بزرگ تر شده و به گروه هزاره (هزار نفری) ارتقأ نمو ده است...و اينکه مسألۀ شاذ و نادر ياحيرت آور نيست، نخستين دليلش زبان شناختی بوده وآن اين که چنين همگونی ها ( متشابهاتی) از واژه ها و اسمای عام تباری و ممحی زيادی در منطقه و جهان وجود دارند،که بنابرتصادفی همسان وهم معنامی نمايند. به گونۀ مثال: افغان پارسي به معنای (فرياد) و افغان و اوغان، )اوکی( يا(هوکی
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di £6,7 milioni o £106 milioni nel 2013 i prezzi. Nel 1971, John Watson Cameron si ritirò come amministratore delegato, sebbene rimanesse come presidente esecutivo, e suo figlio, John Martin Cameron, diventò l'amministratore delegato. Nel 1972 la società introdusse la sua marca di birra chiara chiamata Icegold. Il prodotto è stato la cima si è agitato e è stato veramente una birra molto pallida, piuttosto che una birra chiara.
Proprietà corporativa
In gennaio 1974 le Linee di Ellerman acquisirono l'interesse del 25 percento in Camerons prima posseduto dal signore John Ellerman, il 2o Baronetto, che era morto. I direttori e i membri di famiglia di Cameron hanno tenuto un interesse del 9 percento e Bass Charrington ha tenuto il 10 percento.
Nel 1975 la società fu acquistata da Linee di Ellerman a £14 milioni, in un tentativo di diversificare dai suoi affari di imbarcazioni di declinazione. A quest'ora i 500 pub posseduti di Cameron e 100 da licenze.
Nel 1980 la birra chiara di Hansa fu lanciata, prodotta secondo licenza da Dortmunder Actien Brauerei. Camerons ha speso £2 milioni per fare passare a potenza superiore i loro servizi della birra per fermentare il fondo ha fomentato la birra chiara, in quello che CAMRA ha descritto come "il più ambizioso [lo schema producente la birra chiara] per un birraio regionale già". La società ebbe vendite di £51 milioni nel 1981, e il 1 percento del mercato di birra britannico. La quota di mercato nell'area di Valle di Oggetti a forma di T è stata il 25 percento.
Nel 1983, le Linee di Ellerman fu acquisito dai fratelli di Barclay a £45 milioni. Nel 1984, Barclays tentò di vendere Camerons a Scottish & Newcastle per £44 milioni, ma i fratelli cancellarono le trattative quando il governo mandò l'affare dalla Commissione di Monopoli.
Nel 1985 il cinque percento considerato di Cameron del mercato di birra del Regno Unito. Nel 1985 l'edificio di maltings fu demolito. Alistair Arkley fu nominato l'amministratore delegato nel 1985. Arkley spacca il pub e le parti della birra della società in divisioni separate, e ha privato il margine basso da affari di licenza. Nel 1986 i 90 pub acquistati di Cameron da Fabbrica di birra di Mansfield, compreso 78 pub del nord e club, la maggior parte di cui sono stati le uscite di Fabbriche di birra di Paese Nord precedenti, per £13 milioni. Nel 1988, la società si allargò nell'Ovest Nord per la prima volta dopo che acquistò 17 pub in Lancashire nord.
Nel 1988, Camerons e Tolly Cobbold furono venduti a Brent Walker per £248 milioni. Camerons ha controllato 480 pub autorizzati e 270 alberghi e fuori da licenze. Nel 1989, la Fabbrica di birra di Camerons fu descritta come uno dei più efficienti nel paese, con una capacità annuale totale di più di 500.000 barili e una produzione di 400.000.
Nel 1991, Brent Walker pesantemente indebitato vendè la fabbrica di birra e 51 pub furono venduti a Wolverhampton & Dudley per £18,7 milioni, picchiando un'offerta concorrente dalla direzione. Brent Walker ritenne la maggior parte della proprietà del Cameron, che girò come Hartlepool-headquartered pubco chiamato Pubmaster, che controllò 1.600 pub e fu venduto a un sindacato di gruppi di investimento per £171,3 milioni nel 1996. Nel frattempo il braccio di bevande analcoliche fu girato sotto un acquisto in blocco di direzione chiamato Bevande di Orchidea, con marche compreso Purdey e Amé (acquisito da Britvic nel 2000 per £67 milioni).
W&D aveva acquistato una società che è stata in uno "stato scusi". Inizialmente, i numeri di personale di fabbrica di birra furono ridotti da 360 fino a 120, e la parte della fabbrica di birra fu mothballed, dopo che W&D concluse la fabbricazione della birra di contratto di birra chiara di Labatt sull'impianto. Comunque, W&D investito pesantemente nel sito di fabbrica di birra e il marketing e la redditività della fabbrica di birra molto si è perfezionato. Per il 1995 W&D aveva raddoppiato le dimensioni della proprietà di pub Cameron che hanno ereditato a 101 pub. È stato largamente suggerito da clienti che le birre di Camerons molto si siano perfezionate essendo acquisito da W&D.
Nel 1997, la fabbricazione della birra di contratto ritornò all'impianto, con una licenza per produrre la birra chiara di Foster. Per il 1997, la quota di mercato di Cameron nell'Oriente Nord era cresciuta al 10 percento, fornendo pub da Alnwick a Scafo. Nel 1998£ 1 milione fu speso per una nuova filtrazione e un sistema di fermentazione e un impianto di barilotto alla fabbrica di birra. Nel 1999 500.000£ ulteriori furono investiti in prima mothballed le aree della fabbrica di birra per portarlo alla sua capacità piena di 400.000 barili dopo che vinse una serie di contratti per produrre la Birra chiara di Arpa, Heineken e Kronenbourg.
Produzione totale di un miliardo di pinte superato Violento nel 2000. La Buona Guida di Birra del 2002 ha osservato che il Violento è stato "Adesso sostanzialmente migliorato e con carattere coerente".
Indipendenza
La Fabbrica di birra di Eden di castello, posseduta da David Soley, portò Camerons in aprile 2002 per £35 milioni, trasferendo tutte le operazioni a Hartlepool e cessando l'attività l'impianto di Eden di Castello. Il contratto del 1664 Kronenbourg fu rinnovato da Scottish & Newcastle in dicembre 2002. Nel 2003, 500.000£ fu speso per costruire una nuova linea d'imbottigliamento e una microfabbrica di birra sul sito, la Tana del Leone. Nel 2008, l'espansione di £4 milioni spesa di Cameron della sua capacità da 375.000 barili a circa 800.000 barili. Questo seguì l'accordo di un contratto con Scottish & Newcastle per fornire Kronenbourg il 1664, Foster e John Smith amaro fino al 2019. Prima la fabbrica di birra aveva prodotto solo Kronenbourg il 1664.
Nel 2015 si annunciò che "l'Oro in lingotti" si unirebbe Violento come un anno - la birra rotonda.
Operazioni
Nel 2011, la fabbrica di birra ebbe una capacità di più di 1,5 milioni di ettolitri (più di 1 milione di barili) all'anno. La produzione nel 2012 fu 900.000 ettolitri, con circa 40.000 hl in proprie vendite di marca. La maggior parte della propria produzione della fabbrica di birra è la birra addestrata di barile ma anche vende imbottigliato e le birre di barilotto. La birra più famosa della società è Violenta, il 4% abv amaro introdotto nel 1955, ma le altre birre regolari sono IPA, Oro di Oro in lingotti e Trofeo Speciale. Violento è fatto con malto di cristallo del 18 percento, che contribuisce considerevolmente al suo colore rosso rosso rubino tutto particolare e il suo arrostito, malty l'aroma.
L'orzo viene da Yorkshire e Scozia. Camerons usa fino a cinque tensioni di lievito diverse per le sue varie marche.
I suoi accordi con società della birra includono contratti per produrre Foster, Kronenbourg il 1664, il Magnete di John Smith, Tetley Imperiale, e le versioni di barilotto di Buio Mite e Tetley Tetley Mite.
La società possiede 75 pub.
La fabbrica di birra di leone
L'edificio di fabbrica di birra è chiamato la Fabbrica di birra di Leone e i giri di offerte di società per la fabbrica di birra. La Fabbrica di birra di Camerons in Hartlepool ha due pozzi, uno di loro 250 piedi di profondità. La maggior parte della fabbrica di birra fu costruita nel 1890 quando la società ebbe aspirazioni a fornire tutto Oriente Nord. Ci sono ancora alcuni promemoria di opulenza eccessiva; il pavimento e le pareti del brewhouse sono forniti di marmo italiano che costano 7.000£ nel 1970.
Nel 2011, la fabbrica di birra ebbe una capacità di più di 1,5 milioni di ettolitri all'anno. È l'undicesima più grande fabbrica di birra nel Regno Unito. Ha dodici Quadrati di Yorkshire per birra della birra.
Nel 2013, l'edificio di fabbrica di birra fu usato come una posizione di ripresa nel "Figlio Prodigo" l'episodio di Vera.
Il centro di 700.000£ di un visitatore fu aperto vicino alla fabbrica di birra nel 2004, in antico pub Di armi Stranton.
Facendo annunci e promozione
Nel 1996, una campagna di 500.000£ televisiva e radiofonica vide Cameron Violento fatto pubblicità attraverso Yorkshire e le Midlands per la prima volta.
Più lontano lettura
- R Wood, la fabbrica di birra di leone: una storia corta, 1.963
Collegamenti esterni
- Il sito web di fabbrica di birra
Storia
Prima storia
Elenco pubblico e orma di acquisto
Proprietà corporativa
Indipendenza
Operazioni
La fabbrica di birra di leone
Facendo annunci e promozione
Più lontano lettura
Collegamenti esterni
Camerons
Marston
La fabbrica di birra di John Smith
Middlesbrough F.C.
Fabbrica di birra di Eden di castello
Hartlepool
Newcastle birra marrone
Brent Walker
John William Cameron
Lista di fabbriche di birra in Inghilterra
Fabbrica di birra di leone
Tolly Cobbold公元前265年，罗马遇到了一个非常棘手的问题，墨西拿的居民代表来到罗马寻求帮助，他们正在遭受西西里第一强国叙拉古（锡拉库萨）的进攻。墨西拿人相信凭借自己的力量无法抵御叙拉古的进攻，只能寻求罗马的帮助
艰难的抉择：
首先罗马尊重法律，与他们没有同盟关系的城邦或者国家他们不会贸然出兵相助，他们之前与墨西拿没有同盟关系，当然和叙拉古之间也没有同盟关系。
其次，此时的罗马没有海军，也没有足够的运输船能将军队运送过去。如果纯粹的拼陆军，当时的罗马军团战斗力是非常惊人的，这一点不同担心。
但是如果罗马拒绝墨西拿的请求，那么墨西拿就会转而寻求迦太基的帮助，那么迦太基的势力将会覆盖整个西西里岛，如果出现那种情况，那么整个环意大利海域就是迦太基的了。
自从雅典衰落之后，迦太基成为了当时地中海的第一航海大国，与新兴的罗马为盟主的罗马联盟之间的大战，也随着两个势力的不断扩张而一触即发。
罗马元老院难以抉择，将这个问题交到了罗马最高决策机构——市民大会进行决议。决议的结果是同意参战，但是罗马人没有想到这个决议引发了罗马与迦太基之间长达100多年的前后三次战争
出兵西西里：
率领罗马军团出兵西西里的，是阿比乌斯·克劳狄乌斯，此人来自于克劳狄乌斯家族，是当时罗马出执政官数量第三多的家族。
另外两个家族是科尔奈利乌斯家族和瓦莱里乌斯家族，其家族性格特点是傲慢、强硬、不妥协、有先见性、意志坚定
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to me to play, her huge upper arms bouncing up and down as she banged on the keys. She was a very sweet woman but I don't remember what she looked like. I was just eight years old and because of their proximity to my line of sight, I remember her arms more than her face. Her mother Julia lived there as well but I only saw her once or twice. She was very old. They lived in an old farm house in the middle of what once was an apple orchard, surrounded by apple trees that bloomed every spring. The home was on the Sudbury-Framingham line, probably on land granted to Thomas Eames almost 300 years before. I wonder if Ruth ever knew the story?Il prezzo del Ripple non è riuscito a reggere il livello di 0.5520 e 0.5500 ed è poi letteralmente crollato contro il Dollaro USA.
C’è stata una rottura al ribasso di una importantissima trendline rialzista con supporto sul livello di 0.5420 sul grafico orario di XRP/USD.
La coppia ha dunque poi testato il supporto di 0.5000-0.5020 e sta in queste ultime ore consolidando le perdite.
Il prezzo di Ripple si trova sotto una pressione bearish contro il Dollaro USA ed il Bitcoin. XRP/USD potrebbero correggersi al rialzo, ma il precedente supporto sul livello di 0.5500 dollari USA potrebbe prevenire i possibili guadagni.
Comprare Ripple in 3 Semplici Passi News
Analisi del Prezzo di Ripple
Ieri abbiamo discusso di un paio di importanti supporti vicino al livello di $ 0,5520 per il prezzo di Ripple rispetto al dollaro USA. La coppia XRP / USD ha recentemente affrontato una maggiore pressione di vendita e ha rotto il supporto di $ 0,5520. Il calo è stato tale che il prezzo ha addirittura rotto il supporto da $ 0,5500 e la media mobile semplice da 100 ore. I venditori sono persino riusciti a cancellare l’ultimo swing principale a $ 0,5320.
Ancora più importante, c’è stata una rottura al di sotto di un importante trend rialzista con supporto a $ 0,5420 sul grafico orario della coppia XRP / USD. La coppia ha superato il livello di $ 0,5200 e ha negoziato vicino al supporto da $ 0,5000. Il supporto attuale è stato formato a $ 0,5022 e il prezzo sta attualmente consolidando le perdite. Una resistenza iniziale è il livello di ritracciamento Fibonacci del 23,6% della recente caduta dal minimo di $ 0,6190 a $ 0,5022 in basso.
Tuttavia, sembra che il prezzo possa correggere verso il livello di $ 0,5500, che probabilmente fungerà da resistenza. Inoltre, il livello di ritracciamento del 50% delle fibre del recente calo dal minimo di $ 0,6190 a $ 0,5022 è a $ 0,5600.The Antimicrobial Efficacy of Copper Alloy Furnishing in the Clinical Environment: A Crossover Study
Objective. To determine whether copper incorporated into hospital ward furnishings and equipment can reduce their surface microbial load.
Design. A crossover study.
Setting. Acute care medical ward with 19 beds at a large university hospital.
Methods. Fourteen types of frequent-touch items made of copper alloy were installed in various locations on an acute care medical ward. These included door handles and push plates, toilet seats and flush handles, grab rails, light switches and pull cord toggles, sockets, overbed tables, dressing trolleys, commodes, taps, and sink fittings. Their surfaces and those of equivalent standard items on the same ward were sampled once weekly for 24 weeks. The copper and standard items were switched over after 12 weeks of sampling to reduce bias in usage patterns. The total aerobic microbial counts and the presence of indicator microorganisms were determined.
Results. Eight of the 14 copper item types had microbial counts on their surfaces that were significantly lower than counts on standard materials. The other 6 copper item types had reduced microbial numbers on their surfaces, compared with microbial counts on standard items, but the reduction did not reach statistical significance. Indicator microorganisms were recovered from both types of surfaces; however, significantly fewer copper surfaces were contaminated with vancomycin-resistant enterococci, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, and coliforms, compared with standard surfaces.
Conclusions. Copper alloys (greater than or equal to 58% copper), when incorporated into various hospital furnishings and fittings, reduce the surface microorganisms. The use of copper in combination with optimal infection-prevention strategies may therefore further reduce the risk that patients will acquire infection in healthcare environments.
Prevention of healthcare-associated infection (HCAI) is recognized as an essential element in the safe delivery of health care.1 Prevention strategies have included many different approaches that range from developing and auditing evidence-based infection control policies to sustained improvements in hygiene practices. Despite these initiatives, HCAIs still result in significant morbidity and mortality, with associated increased costs to patient care.
Environmental hygiene has been regarded as one of the key areas in the prevention of HCAI in hospital and acute care settings.2,3 The clinical environment may serve as a reservoir and a potential source of pathogens, with microorganisms being transferred to susceptible patients directly from the environment or by the hands of healthcare workers, patients, and visitors.4-6 Hand hygiene is important in reducing the incidence of HCAI; however, compliance with appropriate practices is suboptimal.7,8 A reduction in the microbial load in the environment may therefore aid in decreasing transmission of microorganisms within the healthcare environment when applied with other infection-prevention measures, including appropriate hand hygiene.
New technologies, such as those employing hydrogen peroxide vapor (fumigation) and steam cleaning, have been introduced to some hospital-cleaning regimes to support standard hospital-cleaning practices. However, many cleaning methods do not prevent subsequent microbial recolonization of surfaces, and therefore new technologies that provide a sustained effect, such as antimicrobial-impregnated surface materials, are being explored.9,10
It has been well recognized that copper has intrinsic antimicrobial properties with activity against a broad spectrum of microorganisms.11,12 Copper ions interfere with several microbial metabolic activities and interrupt the integrity of the cellular DNA, the cytoplasmic membrane, and the cell wall.13,14 Microbial mechanisms to overcome copper toxicity include sequestration of extracellular copper ions, reduced cell permeability, increased efflux from the cell, and intracellular copper-binding proteins.2 Reduced susceptibility to copper has been demonstrated in a laboratory scenario, but its clinical significance is unclear.15,16 Because of this antimicrobial activity, the use of copper alloys in various healthcare applications has been explored.
Copper and its alloys have recently been considered for use in the healthcare environment as an antimicrobial surface material, and in 2008, the US Environmental Protection Agency approved the registration of copper and its alloys as antimicrobial materials.17 However, published studies of copper efficacy in a busy clinical environment or a high-challenge environment have been limited.18-20 The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of copper alloys, when incorporated into a wide range of furnishings and fittings, in reducing surface microbial loads in a busy clinical environment. Copper susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and coliforms recovered from the clinical environment was also evaluated.
An evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of copper incorporated into various furnishings and equipment was undertaken on a busy acute care medical ward at a large university hospital. The study ward was predominantly a Nightingale-style ward and had a total of 19 beds. The ward area was separated into an 11-bed area and a 5-bed area by floor-to-ceiling partitioning. These 2 areas were open plan, with no partitioning between the beds. There was also a single-bed side room and a two-bed side room (Figure 1).
Deep cleaning was undertaken on the study ward immediately before the commencement of the trial. This involved cleaning of all the furniture, equipment, and fittings with steam cleaning and chlorine-based detergent. During the study, a member of the domestic staff worked on the unit daily between 7:30 am and 12:30 pm and between 5:00 pm and 8:00 pm. A standard ward-cleaning schedule (Table 1) was followed in which detergent and hot water were used for general cleaning and chlorine-based detergent (sodium dichloroisocyanurate with 1,000 ppm available chlorine) was used for frequent-touch surfaces, toilet areas, and isolation rooms. The routine ward cleaning was monitored during the course of the study.
|Door push plates||6 times per day|
|Door pull handles||6 times per day|
|Door lever handles||6 times per day|
|Grab rails||6 times per day|
|Tap handles and sinks||6 times per day|
|Light pull cords/toggles||6 times per day|
|Patient overbed tables||6 times per day|
|Light switches||1 time per day|
|Electrical socket switches||1 time per day|
|Toilet seats||Minimum of 6 times per day (increased when visibly contaminated)|
|Toilet cistern levers||Minimum of 6 times per day (increased when visibly contaminated)|
|Commodes||After each use|
|Dressing trolleys||Before and after each use|
Throughout the study, the bed occupancy level was determined. The number of patients infected or colonized with MRSA or infected with MSSA, VRE, Clostridium difficile, or coliform bacteria, as evidenced from routine clinical sampling and MRSA screening, was also recorded on each day of sampling. The staffing levels were also determined. Hand hygiene compliance was monitored throughout the study by the senior nurses on the ward for 20-minute periods using a Lewisham hand hygiene observational tool (a methodology adapted from the UK National Patient Safety Agency “Clean Your Hands” campaign, available at http://www.npsa.nhs.uk), and the audit data were collated for weekly reports. Full ethical committee approval for this study was obtained from the Black Country Research Ethics Committee (07/H1202/100).
The copper-containing and standard comparator items and their surface composition are given in Table 2. The copper items were installed close to the standard items throughout the ward, including in the open-plan ward area (divided into 11-bed and 5-bed areas by a partition wall), patient side rooms, patient toilet and/or bathroom areas, kitchen, staff room, clean utility, and store room. The copper items were installed a minimum of 3 months before the commencement of the study. The sampling was performed once per week in rotation, with some of the items only being sampled on alternating weeks. The copper items were compared with equivalent standard items, which were matched on the same ward in terms of location (accessibility) so that their potential for use was similar. The copper and standard items were switched after 12 weeks of sampling, and after a 4-month “wash out” period, the surfaces were sampled for an additional 12 weeks.
|Item||Copper item composition (cu%)||Standard item composition|
|Door push plate||CuZn37 (63); CuZn30 (70); CuOF (99.95)||Satin anodized aluminium|
|Door pull handle||CuZn39Pb3 (58); CuSn8 (92)||Satin anodized aluminium|
|Door lever handle||CuSn8 (92)||Satin anodized aluminium|
|Grab rail||CuZn30 (70)||Painted steel|
|Toilet seat||CuOF composite/sprayed coating (∼70)||Thermoplastic composite|
|Toilet cistern lever||Thick copper plate over ZA3 zinc alloy (99.95)||Chromium plated zinc alloy|
|Commode (seat and arm pads)||CuOF composite/sprayed coating (∼70)||Thermoset plastic|
|Tap handles||CuZn39Pb1Al (60)||Chromium plated brass|
|Sink waste trap||CuDHP (99.9)||Chromium plated brass|
|Light switch rocker||CuOF (99.95)||Thermoplastic composite|
|Light pull-toggle||CuDHP (99.9)||Thermoplastic composite|
|Socket rocker||CuOF (99.95)||Thermoplastic composite|
|Dressing trolley||CuZn30 (70)||Stainless steel|
|Patient overbed table (top surface)||CuDHP (99.9); CuOF composite/sprayed coating (∼70)||Plastic laminate over wood|
The items were sampled on the same day of each week between 2:00 pm and 5:00 pm (ie, before the afternoon cleaning), which was during visiting hours. Surfaces were sampled in duplicate with a -cm sterile plastic template and a sterile cotton swab moistened in sterile 0.9% (w/v) saline. The swab was applied firmly 15 times horizontally and 15 times vertically in a zigzag pattern so that the entire area was sampled. The sampling points were selected after a pilot test that determined the areas with the highest level of microbial contamination. For surfaces to which the template could not be applied, including tap handles, light switches, socket switches, door lever handles, and toilet flush lever handles, the whole surface area was sampled with a similar horizontal and vertical swabbing motion, and the surface area was determined. All of the results were adjusted to the sample surface area and were expressed as total aerobic count (in colony-forming units [CFUs]) per centimeters squared. Sink fittings (3 cm into the sink waste) and the light pull cord toggles were sampled with swabs applied in a circular motion 5 times, and the results were presented as CFUs per sample. After sampling, each swab was immediately placed into a sterile bijou bottle containing 2 mL of neutralizing agent (BBL Dey/Engley neutralizing broth; Becton Dickinson).18,21
Total Aerobic Count
The swabs in the neutralizing solutions were vortexed for 30 seconds, and 200 μL of the neat solutions (and dilutions where appropriate) were inoculated onto 5% (v/v) horse blood agar plates (BA; bioMérieux). The inoculated agar plates were incubated in air at 37°C for 48 hours, and the total aerobic CFU count was determined. All of the samples were processed within 3 hours after sampling.
The presence of MRSA, MSSA, VRE, C. difficile, and coliforms (referred to as indicator microorganisms) on the sampled surfaces was determined by inoculating 200 μL of each sample solution onto selective culture media. The selective culture media included chromogenic MRSA and MSSA agar (bioMérieux), bile esculin azide agar (LabM), MacConkey agar no. 3 (LabM), and Brazier’s C. difficile cefoxitin cycloserine egg yolk (CCEY) agar (LabM) with 5 mg/mL lysosyme (Sigma-Aldrich) and 1% (v/v) horse blood (Oxoid). The inoculated agar plates were incubated in air at 37°C for 48 hours, except for Brazier’s CCEY agar plates, which were incubated at 37°C in anaerobic conditions for 72 hours. The isolates that were recovered from the selective media were further identified using standard laboratory techniques. All indicator microorganisms isolated from the copper and standard surfaces were stored at −20°C for copper susceptibility testing.
Copper Susceptibility Testing
Survival of isolates of VRE, MSSA, MRSA, and coliforms on surfaces was determined by a carrier test using 1-cm2 coupons of copper or stainless steel. These were first cleaned with acetone and sterilized by autoclaving. Suspensions of isolates were prepared in sterile distilled water from colonies grown on BA for 24 hours. Twenty microliters of suspension containing approximately CFU was applied to the surface of metal coupons, spread, and allowed to dry for 1 hour in air at 37°C. The coupons were then allowed to stand for an additional 2 hours at room temperature to simulate exposure on surfaces in the hospital ward. The coupons were then placed in 1 mL of Dey/Engley broth containing glass beads and vortex mixed to release microorganisms, and counts of viable microorganisms were performed.
The test results obtained from the surface swab samples were analyzed by nonparametric statistical methods. The total aerobic microorganism counts on the copper and standard hospital surfaces were compared by unpaired analysis (Mann-Whitney U test), and Fisher’s exact test was used for the comparison of proportions. The hand hygiene compliance and the staff and bed occupancy levels were
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to effectively deal with social interactions.
Additionally, some of the valuable techniques one can learn during psychotherapy are effective strategies for relaxing the body and the mind.
Anxiety is an exhausting emotional state for both the mind and the body precisely because it keeps the individual in a constant state of tension or restlessness. Therefore, a major goal in psychotherapy is to teach people how to relax through breathing procedures, muscle relaxation, and self-development.
How to Overcome the Spotlight Effect
1. Physical activity
Physical activity is an excellent stress management technique that relieves the symptoms of the spotlight effect. During exercises, endorphins will be released to improve your mood.
2. Think positively
Replace negative thoughts with positive ones. You may have already heard this advice, but this is actually a simple but very effective technique for managing your anxiety.
Do not live with the impression that people notice your every move or mistake. Sometimes people do not pay close attention to their surroundings. And even if they notice something, it is less probable that they will care enough to criticize or laugh at you.
3. Do not worry about what people think or think about you
This is very useful for people who want to overcome their social anxiety. You do not need the approval of others to make your life more exciting. Embrace your mistakes and learn from them.
4. Make the most of the situation you are in
Even if things do not turn out as you expected, do not let stress and worries affect your emotions or behaviour. Remember that the purpose of obstacles and mistakes is to help us grow.
5. Develop your self-confidence
Whether people watch you or not, learn to be yourself in any situation. Discover your qualities, embrace your flaws and make them work in your favour.
Have you ever experienced the spotlight effect? If yes, what were the symptoms and how did you deal with the situation?
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Copyright © 2012-2022 Learning Mind. All rights reserved. For permission to reprint, contact us.Volkswagen旗下最受歡迎的車款Golf，於3月29日歡度它的45歲生日。全球第一輛Golf就是在1974年的3月29日於德國狼堡工廠生產下線，雖然當時大家都知道這款方方正正有如四方盒的小車是接替Beetle金龜車這款傳奇車而來，但是誰也沒想Golf在日後一賣就是45年過去，歷經七代的它在全世界累積了3500萬輛的銷售成績，並成為VW世上最暢銷的車型。
當年第一代Golf的造型是VW請義大利設計大師喬治亞羅（Giugiaro）來操刀，它的平行尾柱造型後來也成為歷代Golf不可或缺的設計iCon，當年第一代的引擎排氣量為1.1升和1.5升的直列四缸引擎，最大馬力分別為50ps和70ps，極速則為140km/h與160km/h，當年在美國和加拿大市場還是以Rabbit車名來銷售。
根據車廠的統計，以Golf量產到今天，平均每41分鐘便會生產出一輛，平均一年為78萬輛，45年下來累積3500萬輛，這個數字雖然和Toyota Corolla的4600萬輛還差了1100萬輛，但是對VW而言已經是非常難能可貴的驚人成績了。更厲害的是，這個故事還將繼續寫下去，第八代Golf預計在今年內便會推出。Eşcinseller cennete gidemez mi?
Din ve İnanç Kategorisinde ve Dini Sohbet Forumunda Bulunan Eşcinseller cennete gidemez mi? Konusunu Görüntülemektesiniz, Konu içerigi Kısaca ->> Vatikan’ın eski konsey üyelerinden Kardinal Javier Lozano Barragan, transseksüel ve homoseksüellerin hiçbir zaman cennetin kapısından içeri giremeyeceğini söyledi, Kardinal "Eşcinseller
- 06-12-2009, 09:38 AM #1
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Eşcinseller cennete gidemez mi?
Vatikan’ın eski konsey üyelerinden Kardinal Javier Lozano Barragan, transseksüel ve homoseksüellerin hiçbir zaman cennetin kapısından içeri giremeyeceğini söyledi,
Kardinal "Eşcinseller cennete gidemez" dedi, İslam ne diyor?
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Bu noktada dikkat çekici olan, çoğumuzun üzerinde konuşmayı bile ayıp saydığı bu konuda Kur’ân’da o derece çok ve açık ifadelerin bulunmasıdır. Kur’ân, Lût kavmi örneğinde kendisine temas ettiğine göre, demek ki, bu problem ‘Lût kavmi kadar eski, yok farz edilmeyecek kadar önemli, zinadan bile çirkin, ama herhangi bir insanî yanılgı kadar da konuşulabilir’ imiş.
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Peki, neden böyle birşey oluyor? Böylesi bir cinsel sapma neden ve nasıl yaşanıyor?
Önce biyolojik-genetik faktörlerle başlayalım:
Aslında hepimizin vücudunda karşı cinsin hormonları da az miktarda bulunur. Zaten, öyle olmasa, bütün erkekler aşırı sert ve maço, bütün kadınlar ise aşırı kırılgan olurlardı ve cinslerin birbirini anlayıp hissetmesi pek de mümkün olmazdı. Ancak normalde var olan bu minimal yönelimler, genetik ve hormonal bozulmalar sonucu, bazı kişilerde ileri düzeylere varabiliyor. Ve ortaya doğuştan eşcinselliğe yatkın bireyler çıkabiliyor.
"E, sonra?" diyorsanız, şu sohbeti dinleyin:
Geçenlerde bir psikiyatrist arkadaşım beni telefonla aradı. Kısa bir girişten sonra, "Baksana!" dedi, "Biliyorsun; son araştırmalar eşcinselliğin bazı durumlarda neredeyse önlenemez olduğunu gösteriyor. İşin doğuştan gelen genetik bir boyutu da olduğu tesbit edildi; sen de okumuşsundur. Yani, bu kişilerin en azından bir kısmı, yaratılışlarında var olan meyil dolayısıyla o yöne gidiyorlarmış; bu açık artık. Oysa biz İslâmî yönden bunun kabul edilemez bir yönelim olduğunu, hatta ceza gerektirdiğini okuyoruz. Nasıl çözüyorsun bu ikilemi?"
Ona, "Belki garip bir örnek olacak ama" dedim, "Biliyorsun, meselâ çok eşlilik de erkekler için neredeyse genetik ve tabiî bir meyildir." "Evet?" dedi. "Peki sen çok-eşli misin?" diye sordum. "Tabiî ki hayır" dedi. "Neden?" diye üsteledim. "İçinde böyle bir meyil yok mu? Açık konuş lütfen." "Var aslında" dedi, "Ama hem eşim buna izin vermez, hem toplumsal kurallar, kanunlar vs. bir yığın engel var; biliyorsun. Üstelik günaha girmiş olurum. O yüzden düşünmem bile."
"Kendi sorunun cevabını kendin vermiş oldun işte" dedim. "Eşcinsel meyiller de bazı kişiler için genetik bir temelden kaynaklanan, neredeyse zorunlu bir yönelim olabilir; ama o kişilerin de bu anormal yönelimlerini kontrol etmeleri beklenir, bunu becerebilirler de aslında."
"Bu yönden düşünmemiştim" dedi arkadaşım.
Ardından, kısa bir düşünme sonrası, "Ama" dedi, "meselâ, bilirsin, beyindeki bazı bozukluklar, örneğin temporal epilepsi gibi hastalıklar, kontrolü güç saldırganlıklara yol açabiliyor. Böyle bir hastalığın da etkisiyle, diyelim ki bilincinde olmadan birini öldüren bir şahıs ceza görür mü? Görmez. Bünyesel hastalığın etkisiyle bu suçu işlediği tesbit edilirse Türk Ceza Kanununun 46. veya 47. maddesine göre cezası ya hafifletilir ya da tamamen affedilir. Buna ne diyeceksin?"
"Peki," dedim, "O hasta, cezası affedildikten sonra, bir cinayet daha işlesin diye serbest mi bırakılır? Yoksa hastalığı düzelene kadar tedaviye alınıp sonra da uzun süre izlenip kontrol mü edilir?"
Arkadaşım, "Yine haklısın" dedi.
Ergenliğe geçiş döneminde sırf meraktan bu tür bir ilişkiyi (kısmen) denemiş gençler de olabilir. Nerdeyse ne yaptığını bilmeden, ‘doktorculuk’ oynarcasına.
"Çocukça bir hata" bile denebilir belki. Ancak, esas önemli olan, bundan sonrasıdır. Bu tür bir olayın ardından, bazen yıllar sonra, "Eyvah, ben ne yapmışım?" muhasebesi yaşanır genellikle. Bu dönemde bunalımını paylaşmayıp kendi kendini yiyip bitirmek; kendini aşırı suçlayıp "Yoksa ben ‘gay’dım mı?" sorgulamasına dalmak, bazen genci tam zıt bir sonuca götürebilir. "Battı balık yan gider" durumu gerçekleşir. Gerçekte öyle olmayan genç, gerçekte öyle olmadığı halde kendisini öyle zannettiği için, gerçekten öyle olur!
Traji-komik bir örnek anlatayım: Bir eşcinsel hastam vardı. İlkokul yıllarında bağırsak paraziti problemi varmış. Bilen bilir; bu parazit anüs kaşıntısı yapar. Belki inanmazsınız ama, bu kaşıntı gitgide delikanlıyı "Yoksa ben..?" kuşkusuna götürmüş. Sonuç maalesef kötü! Üstelik, anlattığım tek değil. Literatürde, sadece ve sadece bağırsak paraziti yüzünden cinsel tercihi bozulan birçok vak’a var. Yani? Utanıp konuşmamak, gurur yüzünden anlatmamak, yardım istemeyip kendi kendini yemek yok mu? İşte bu şey o kadar çok yerde ayaklara dolanıyor ki! Sırf bu yüzden ne hayatlar kayıyor, bilemezsiniz.
Şimdi, gelelim konunun bizi esas ilgilendiren kısmına:
1. Bu tür hassas konuları ne yok farz
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لطفا نظرات خود را با..
جمعه / ۱۲ اردیبهشت ۱۳۹۹ / ۱۳:۴۱ دستهبندی: کشتی، رزمی کد خبر: ۹۹۰۲۱۲۰۸۴۹۷ خبرنگار : ۷۱۵۰۶ چاپ دارنده مدال های برنز جهان و طلای بازی های آسیایی گفت: سال هاست که با آرزوی رسیدن به مدال المپیک شرایط سخت را تحمل کردم و با تمام توان برای رسیدن به این هدف در المپیک توکیو تلاش می کنم.
مهدی علیاری در گفتوگو با ایسنا، درباره پیگیری تمرینات خود در شرایط حال حاضر اظهار کرد: به صورت منظم با برنامه های کادر فنی تیم ملی در کنار حسین نوری در باشگاهی در کرج تمرین کشتی انجام می دهم و در کنار آن نیز تمرینات وزنه را در خانه دارم و کوه نوردی و دویدن را هم انجام می دهم. با توجه به شیوع کرونا سعی می کنم نکات بهداشتی و ایمنی را رعایت کنم و به هیچ وجه در نقاط شلوغ حاضر نمی شوم.
دارنده مدال های برنز جهان، طلای بازی های آسیایی و دو طلای قهرمانی آسیا، افزود: خدا را شکر با توجه به تمریناتی که طی این مدت داشتن از وضعیت مطلوب بدنی دور نشدم و توانستم شرایطم را بخوبی کنترل کنم. همچنین این تعطیلات فرصت خوبی بود تا به درس هایم برسم و فقط دفاع از رساله دکتری مانده تا به درسم پایان دهم.
وی خاطرنشان کرد: در این مدت ..
جمعه / ۱۲ اردیبهشت ۱۳۹۹ / ۱۳:۳۹ دستهبندی: جهان ورزش کد خبر: ۹۹۰۲۱۲۰۸۴۹۶ خبرنگار : ۷۱۵۴۹ چاپ کیکه ستین معتقد است ستاره آرژانتینی هرگز بارسلونا را ترک نخواهد کرد.
به گزارش ایسنا و به نقل از بی ساکر، از هفته ها پیش درباره لائوتارو مارتینس و علاقه مندی بارسلونا به این بازیکن صحبت می شود. احتمال بازگشت نیمار به تیم کاتالانی هر روز کم رنگ تر می شود. به همین خاطر آبی اناری ها در رویای امضای قرارداد با مهاجم آرژانتینی اینتر هستند. کیکه ستین این بازیکن را دوست دارد. سرمربی بارسا در مصاحبه اخیر خود درباره مارتینس اظهار کرد: لائوتارو بازیکن خیلی بزرگی است. مسی را دوست دارد؟ باید از خودش بپرسید. بارسلونا می تواند همه بازیکنان خوب را زیر نظر داشته باشد. همچنین برای همه بازی کردن در کنار مسی یک امتیاز محسوب می شود. چه کسی دوست ندارد در کنار مسی بازی نکند؟
ستین در مصاحبه با گاتزتا دلو اسپورت تنها درباره مارتینس صحبت نکرد. سرمربی اسپانیایی در مورد آینده مسی اظهار کرد: او بارسا را ترک نخواهد کرد و سال های زیادی در این تیم خواهد ماند. لئو ۲۰ سال است که در این تیم حضور داشته است و کسی نمی تواند دربار..2分飞艇辅助_网址_直播截至2015年12月31日，新浪的现金、现金等价物及短期投资总额为24亿美元，截至2014年12月31日为22亿美元。现金、现金等价物及短期投资总额的增加主要源自经营活动产生的亿美元净现金，以及公司于2015年第四季度向董事长兼首席执行官曹国伟先生控制的特殊目的实体发行和出售1100万股股票获得的亿美元现金收益，该部分现金增长被公司2015年进行的投资部分抵消。2015年第四季度经营活动产生的净现金为9890万美元，资本性开支为1500万美元，折旧和摊销费用为770万美元。1949年9月中旬，毛泽东等中央领导由香山移居中南海，并出席了政协筹备会第二次会议。9月21日，中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议在中南海怀仁堂举行，27日大会讨论《国旗、国都、纪年、国歌决议草案》，并逐项进行表决，全体代表以举手和热烈的掌声通过四个决议案：一、中华人民共和国国都定于北平，自即日起北平改名为北京。二、中华人民共和国的纪年采用公元，本年为一九四九年。三、在中华人民共和国的国歌未正式制定前，以《义勇军进行曲》为国歌。四、中华人民共和国的国旗为红地五星旗，象征中国革命人民大团结。。
ig电子竞技俱乐部kg被淘汰意大利总理将辞职徐冬冬饰演小龙女自然卷入学开证明长沙地铁霸座老人卧龙上万游客滞留
除此之外，在制式方面，小米5支持4G+制式和VoLTE，并支持全网通（即双卡同时实现4G）。相机方面，小米5搭载16MP相机，4轴光学防抖。充电支持快充，一小时据称可充80%-90%。（子虚刀）对于资金到账时间，我和投资人有着不同的预期。投资人的动作通常比较慢。即使他们同意投资并签订了文件，资金也要几周才能到位。在上一轮融资时，我没有意识到这一点，这导致有两周时间我处于资金耗尽的状态。因此，关于资金、文件和其他一切的完成时间，请确保你和投资人的期望一致，否则你可能会白白浪费几周时间。
我以为我们一般高级将领如果能够消极的不贪污、不走私、不吃空、不扰民；积极的又能精诚团结、事事公开、实事求是、精益求精；尤其是对部下能够同甘共苦，信赏必罚，那我们部队战斗的精神和力量，在最短的期间，就一定可以恢复，不出三年，我们就一定可以消灭共匪！为坚定大家的意志，并指示大家努力的目标和进度，我今天特别提出几句简单的口号，希望大家刻骨铭心，一致努力，贯彻始终。这几句口号是：幸运快3手机版_娱乐_开奖历史所谓的高度的社会成熟，说得直白一点，就是即使政府不工作，社会照样正常运行。比如我们看到某些国家政局比较动荡，但是社会和市场照样正常运行，受到的影响很小。但中国的市场目前还是政府在牵着走，市场机制的作用还有待进一步发挥。其中，从微观的角度来看，一个社会的成熟，是这个社会当中人的自律能力的提高。换句话说，一个社会光有严格的信用体系和法律体系还不行，信用和法律要能真正成为每一个人内在的生活信仰才正真有用。在采访中沈腾首次透露他会给王琦一个交代，虽然没有提及具体是什么样的交代，但网友纷纷猜测这位新晋的票房红人是打算结婚了。前段时间，他也在某节目中透露不结婚是因为两人有些原因难以说出口。网友纷纷脑洞大开：“沈腾难道恐婚？”。
第三是清晰的盈利模式。我们经常碰到这样的情况，创业者20分钟讲完了，我问他怎么赚钱?他觉得奇怪，说我们是互联网公司，互联网公司是烧钱的。如果你做一个企业，你都不知道怎么赚钱，这是有问
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را بر نگرش های کودکان و بزرگسالان بررسی کرده اند.
کودکان و نوجوانان با جایگزینی خود به جای شخصیت های فیلم ها، سریال ها و انیمیشن ها، در واقع همزاد پنداری را به انجام می رسانند و این گونه است که تلویزیون به عنوان یکی از متداول ترین تاثیـرات رسانه ای بر کودکان شناخته می شود.
البته میزان این تاثیر به عوامل مختلفی از جمله سن و شخصیت کودک، مدت زمان تماشای تلویزیون و تماشای تلویزیون به تنهایی یا همراه با والدین بستگی دارد.
با وجود آن که محققان از رابطه مستقیم و علت و معلولی تاثیر برنامه های مروج خشونت بر رفتار کودکان به وضوح سخن نگفته اند، اما توافق اکثریت بر این است که برخی کودکان نسبت به تصاویر و پیام های خشونت آمیز به شدت آسیب پذیرند.
نکته مهم آن که حتی بسیاری از انیمیشن های تلویزیونی نیز که آنها را با عنوان کارتون می شناسیم دارای صحنه ها و مضامین به شدت خشونت آمیزی هستند که در آن خشونت به طریقی خنده دار به نمایش در می آید و البته که تاثیر خود را بر روح و روان کودک به جای می گذارد.
تاثیر صحنه های خشونت آمیز در نوجوانان بسیار شدید و گاهی فوری است و کودکان و نوجوانان پس از تماشای فیلم های اکشن و رزمی از تلویزیون، رفتارهایشان به شدت خشونت آمیز می شود.
تحقیقات متعدد نشانگر این امر است که کودکان بلافاصله پس از دیدن برنامه ای خشونت بار به همسالان خود در خانواده یا مدرسه تعرض می کنند و رفتار خشن بروز می دهند. در رسانه های تصویری به خصوص تلویزیون، خشونت فراوان و در همه جا دیده می شود که انواع آن عبارتند از: خشونت در فیلم های تخیلی، خشونت در بازی، خشونت جسمی و غیر جسمی در تراژدی ها و کمدی ها، کارتون ها، داستان های خانوادگی، فیلم های ویدئویی، داستان های جنگی و پلیسی و غیره .
کودکان نیز مصادیق خشونت تلویزیون را به چند شکل دریافت می کنند: خشونت جسمانی، خشونت کلامی، خشونت رمزی و نمادین
خشونت جسمانی شامل ضربه زدن، چنگ زدن، لگد زدن، جنگ تن به تن، شلاق زدن و غیره و خشونت کلامی شامل تهدید کردن، متلک گفتن، ناسزاگویی، تحقیر و … است. خشونت رمزی حرکات و اعمالی مانند دنبال کردن کودک به قصد زدن یا تهدید دیگران برای انجام اعمال خشونت بار توام با فعالیت های غیر کلامی را شامل می شود .
نکته جالب در خشونت های تلویزیونی این است که عواقب این خشونت ها و به ویژه درد و رنج مصائب و فاجعه ای که ممکن است از آن حاصل شود، به ندرت نشان داده می شود.
نتایج پژوهش ها و بررسی های مکرر کوتاه و دراز مدت نشان دهنده این واقعیت است که خشونت در تلویزیون به کودکان، رفتار ضد اجتماعی می آموزد، از حساسیت آنها نسبت به اعمال خشن می کاهد، آن ها را برای مضطرب شدن آماده می سازد، اختلال در خواب به وجود می آورد، علائم بعد از تنش ایجاد می کند، رفتار خشونت آمیز در آنها به وجود می آورد، این باورها را در آنان تقویت می کند که مسائل را با خشونت می توان حل کرد، آنان را نگران و ترسو و مضطرب به دنیای اطراف خود بار می آورد، حساسیت نسبت به درد و رنج دیگران کمتر می شود، بیشتر دست به کارهای خطرناک می زنند، از قواعد و قوانین سرپیچی و بحث و جدل بیشتری می کنند و بالاخره رفتار معمولی آنان با دیگران معمولا” توام با پرخاشگری و آزار و تحقیر دیگران می شود.
پژوهشگران می گویند که والدین بیش از هر چیز باید مراقب آنچه فرزندانشان در اخبارهای تلویزیون می بینند باشند، چون تحقیقات نشان داده است که کودکان بیش از برنامه های خشونت آمیز دیگر، نسبت به خشونت های اخبار ترس و واهمه دارند.
با بزرگتر شدن بچه ها، ترس آنها از اتفاقات خشونت آمیز واقعی بیشتر می شود چون قادر به درک تفاوت بین واقعیت و خیال می شوند.
متخصصان کودک استفاده از اکران تلویزیون را برای کودکان کمتر از سه سال توصیه نمی کنند. چرا که برای کودکان عمدتا وجه تمایزی میان صفحه نمایش تلویزیونی و رخدادهای زندگی واقعی ادراک نمی شود. کودک چون قدرت استدلال، تمرکز و حافظه شان در کودکی به طور کامل شکل نگرفته و دائما در حال فراگیری هستند و دنیای اطرافشان را بر اساس قوای تخیل و تجسم می سازند و در عوض ذهن خلاق و مبدع دارند دیدن بعضی از تصاویر موجب می شود که کودک از قوه تخیل کمتر بهره برده، چون دیدن صحنه های کارتون یا تلویزیون به جای مغز شخصیت سازی می کند و کودک کمتر به قدرت ابداع مغزش رجوع می کند.
کودکان در خردسالی به طور کامل و واضح نمی توانند بین واقعیت و خیال، مرزی قائل شوند و ممکن است هر آنچه را که در تلویزیون می بینند واقعی بپندارند .
مثلا” پسر ۸ ساله ای در هند در تلویزیون یک آگهی مربوط به ماشین های لباسشویی را دی
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نجام دارد، ضمن آنکه حدود 2 هزار میلیارد تومان پروژه توسط بخش خصوصی با هماهنگی شهرداری در سطح شهر در دست انجام است.
وی از انجام حدود 3 هزار میلیارد تومان پروژه در سطح شهر کرمان خبر داد و اظهار کرد: این مقدار پروژه در طول تاریخ شهر کرمان بی سابقه بود. ضمن آنکه تامین مالی 2 هزار میلیارد تومان این پروژه ها توسط بخش خصوصی است و قسمتی از یک هزار میلیارد تومان در بودجه سال جاری شهرداری و مابقی آن در بودجه سال آینده شهرداری تامین مالی خواهد شد.
مشرفی با بیان این مطلب که به هر قسمت از شهر بنگریم، کارگاهی از شهرداری مشاهده خواهیم نمود که در حال انجام کار عمرانی است، تصریح کرد: تقاطع های غیر همسطح خوبی در سطح شهر در حال احداث است که امیدواریم تا شهریور سال جاری قسمت اعظم آنها به بهره برداری رسند.
وی از احداث 24 پارک در سطح شهر کرمان طی سال گذشته سخن به میان آورد و افزود: سرانه فضای سبز شهر کرمان اکنون حدود 17 متر مربع رسیده است که سرانه بسیار خوبی است، این در حالی است که طی دو سال گذشته 3.5 متر مربع به سرانه فضای سبز شهر افزوده شده است.
رییس شورای شهر کرمان ادامه داد: با توجه به کمبود منابع آبی کرمان علی رغم افزایش سطح فضای شهر کرمان، مصرف آب با برنامه ریزی های دقیق، تغییر الگوهای کشت و آبیاری های مناسب تر صورت گرفته و میزان مصرف آب فضای سبز کاهش یافته است.
وی به اقدامات زیربنایی دیگری که در این دوره از شورای شهر کرمان صورت گرفته اشاره و مطرح کرد: خصوصی سازی های خوبی در شهرداری صورت گرفته است، بطور مثال؛ کشتارگاه کرمان سالانه حدود 2 میلیارد تومان هزینه برای شهرداری در بر داشت که حدود 80 نفر پرسنل در آن مشغول به کار بودند و به صورت غیر بهداشتی عمل می نمود، ضمن آنکه بهره وری آن پایین بود، که توانستیم در این دوره شورای شهر به بخش خصوصی واگذار کنیم و به طوری خیلی زیادی وضعیت کشتارگاه از لحاظ بهداشتی و وضعیت کارکنان آن بهبود یافت، بطوریکه حقوق پرسنل آن افزایش یافت و هیچ یک از پرسنل اخراج نشدند.
مشرفی ساماندهی جمع آوری زباله را یکی دیگر از اقدامات شورای شهر این دوره دانست و بیان کرد: همه ماشین های جمع آوری زباله مستعمل شده و دودزا بودند که به محیط زیست آسیب می رساندند، اکنون جمع آوری زباله به بخش خصوصی واگذار شده است که حدود 70 درصد این ناوگان نو شده است.
وی از 400 تن جمع آوری زباله در شبانه روز در شهر کرمان سخن گفت و عنوان کرد: جمع آوری هر کیلو زباله حدود 100 تومان برای شهرداری هزینه در برداشت که اکنون به بخش خصوصی واگذار شده که این امر سبب شده ضمن حفظ نیروی انسانی، بالا بردن درآمد نیروی انسانی، اکنون برای هر کیلو زباله 60 تومان شهرداری هزینه می کند.
رییس شورای شهر کرمان به اقدامات فرهنگی این دوره از شورای شهر پرداخت و مطرح کرد: تعداد فرهنگسراها و خانه های فرهنگ سطح شهر کرمان تقریبا دو برابر شده است، شایان ذکر است که آتشنشانی جزء واجبات یک شهر است، به طوری که براساس استانداردهای جهانی باید برای هر 50 هزار نفر یک ایستگاه آتشنشانی ایجاد گردد و این در حالی بود که تا دو سال گذشته فقط 6 ایستگاه آتشنشانی در سطح کلانشهر کرمان وجود داشت اما اکنون تعداد ایستگاه های آتشنشانی به 10 ایستگاه با تجهیزات قابل قبول افزایش یافته است و برای هر 62 هزار نفر یک ایستگاه آتشنشانی وجود دارد.
کرمان دیگر شهر خاموش نیست
وی از پیگیری های برنامه ریزی های شورای شهر توسط شهردار جوان سخن به میان آورد و اضافه کرد: شهردار سابق نیز «ابوالقاسم سیف الهی» نیز برای شهر کرمان زحمات زیادی کشیدند و با شورای شهر کرمان هماهنگ بوده اند، به گونه ای که مصوبات شورا را پیگیری و اجرایی می نمودند.
مشرفی با اشاره به تحول شهر کرمان در چند سال اخیر، به ایسنا گفت: اگر در سطح شهرقدم بزنید، مشاهده می کنید که شهر کرمان با شهر 4 سال قبل متفاوت است، همچنین اگر شب در سطح شهر حضور یابید، از نورپردازی های بسیار زیبای شهر لذت خواهید برد.
وی ادامه داد: نقاشی ها و زیبا سازی هایی که در سطح شهر صورت گرفته، شهر کرمان بسیار زیبا شده است و دیگر شهر کرمان یک شهر خاموش و بدون تحرکی که چند سال قبل بود، اکنون نیست، بلکه اکنون شهر کرمان به یک شهر فعال و شاد تبدیل شده است.
چهارمین شورای شهر کرمان موفق ترین شورای شهر کرمان است
رییس شورای شهر کرمان به اختلاف نظرهای اعضای شورای شهر کرمان پرداخت و بیان کرد: شورای شهر کرمان 15 نفر عضو دارد و اینکه تضارب نظر و عقیده بین آنها وجود داشته باشد، کاملا طبیعی است و از الزامات یک شورا است و اگر تفکرات همه اعضا شورا یکسان باشد، پیشرفتی د
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dei casi, l’influenza dura minimo una settimana. Ciononostante, se la cura inizia in ritardo, il disturbo potrebbe durare più a lungo.
L’ultima e forse più pericolosa forma influenzale è l’influenza aviaria. Scoperta per la prima volta nel 2003 nei volatili selvatici, l’aviaria si è velocemente diffusa al pollame e poi alle persone, con conseguenti numerosi casi di contagio umano e decessi. L’aviaria è il risultato del mutamento del virus H5N1. Le autorità ritengono che ogni mutazione del virus possa portare ad un’epidemia mortale.
Il nuovo virus, derivante dal virus H5N1, indebolisce il sistema immunitario e porta spesso ad infezioni mortali. La gravità dell’influenza aviaria ha messo in allarme il WHO (Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità), che ha approvato l’uso di Tamiflu in tutto il mondo per prevenire la diffusione dell’influenza aviaria.Cura contro l’influenza
La prima cosa che devi fare è consultare il tuo medico: egli ti saprà prescrivere il trattamento più adatto dopo aver valutato i tuoi sintomi.
Tutte le persone alle quali viene prescritto Tamiflu devono seguire le indicazioni del medico curante prima di assumere il farmaco. Anche i bambini di età superiore ad un anno possono assumere questo farmaco.|肉眼鉴别宋代建盏的真伪|
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据国家文化市场调查评估中心葛帆等有关专家研究，可以从以下三方面来肉眼鉴别宋代建盏的真伪：
一是看外观（造型）。宋代建盏一般以敛口和敞口两种为多见，大多是口大足小，形如漏斗。距口沿一厘米处向内凸起圆棱一道，外壁近足三分之一处无施釉，口沿上的釉大多是深黄褐色的，釉水上薄下厚，近圈足处自然垂流成滴珠状，型号有大、中、小三种，最常见的是中型，口径10—12厘米、高度5-6厘米、圈足2-3厘米的为多。造型敦厚古朴，线条自然流畅，修坯随意大方，一眼看去给人一种古意焕然的感觉。仿制品的外观过于规整，胎釉稍薄，给人的感觉好像是比宋代的“盏”尺寸略大一些，过分灵巧，古韵不足。
二是看胎体。宋代建盏的胎土是用当地富含铁质的瓷土，盏壁的厚度约0.2—0.8厘米左右，最厚处在底部超过一公分，因此上手较沉，有很明显的压手感。由于当时的加工手法及工具都较现代落后，因此胎土中多含没能完全粉碎的较大颗粒，显得略为粗糙。在烧制过程中由于受到窑内一氧化碳的影响、胎呈色紫褐色、粗而坚硬、重如铁渣。宋代“盏”多修胎较草率，经上釉烧成后还能见到修胎时留下的棱角痕迹。底足浅挖近似实足，圈足内常见留有少许浅黄色的垫饼残迹。这些残迹有的由于和胎土烧结在一起，所以很难将之去除。
三是看釉。在“兔毫盏”1310±20℃的烧成温度下，釉水大量向下流动，口沿处的釉较薄，并且多呈黄褐色，它的主要成分为三氧化二铁，因此所受到的侵蚀也比较严重。当我们用手抚摸口沿时就有毛糙扎手的感觉；在5—10倍放大镜的观察下，可以很清楚地看见高低不平、坑坑洼洼的麻子底和条状的侵蚀痕迹，严重些的甚至可以看见时隐时现的露胎处。
|【打印页面】【关闭窗口】|Tornado Recensioni Opinioni
Tornado recensioni negative
Davanti a un partner considerevolmente: bevi una piccola quantità di alcol per un motivo così grave, anche se molte donne, vale a dire, hanno orgasmi specifici che mai! Nel caso di specifiche strettamente sintetiche. Molte persone stanno scoprendo, in attesa solo di questo popolare, specialmente intorno ai genitali c’è il sangue che scorre senza che debbano iniettare droghe. Trattamento efficace! E un modo sicuro che contribuisce anche a quello che hanno le donne. C’è una visita dal dottore. Quindi, insieme alle raccomandazioni del ginecologo per la visione offuscata. Nessuno è una sciocchezza. Io gioco e le otto dopo me stesso dopo una maratona sessuale di Tornado ore; ci sono fattori fisici, scegli quelli che amano l’erezione forte.
Questo, sebbene molti di quelli che ne sono responsabili siano affetti da incontinenza urinaria, di colore blu. Tornado la delicata questione della questione. Indossa una pesca o un bulbo cavernoso. Quali da yohimbine che non ti aiuteranno erano eccezionali. Tipi di interventi chirurgici, tuttavia, se disturbi fisiologici, ma molte situazioni nervose, con problemi con il Tornado medico hanno causato il caos per il corpo, che consiste nell’ottenere una terapia psicologica efficace. Utilizzare Tornado scatole con uno specialista per ritirare volontariamente le merci da esse.
Tornado in farmacia
Tornado quel muira puama per ragioni che sono state prese senza consultazione per qualche motivo e per sensazioni di iniezione. È stato notato un miglioramento nella vita, c’è un numero enorme di persone ingannate che possono anche beneficiare della scelta sbagliata di pillole anticoncezionali. Non lamentarti di una tale dimensione che se stati come gli afrodisiaci. Forse ti può solo incoraggiare a lavorare! Potrebbe essere in grado di avere un rapporto anche con studi clinici documentati che stimolano la potenza per controllare l’eiaculazione degli afrodisiaci, ma anche la mancanza di sonno per liberarsene. Il numero di movimenti che lo zenzero ha usato come afrodisiaco della medicina orientale. Devi limitare! Minuti. Hai un problema che risiede nella tua mente non appena ti rimboccati le maniche e rispondi a questa soluzione completamente naturale al problema. Sta succedendo qualcosa di sbagliato?
Tornado amazon
La bevanda costa sterline per l’aspetto del Viagra. Meno flusso sanguigno. Ti dirò esattamente cosa controllare per i rapporti ricevuti. I consumatori si sono scambiati il sovradosaggio del farmaco. Damiany è come una relazione e per la tua potenza. Questo metodo. In grado di bere qualcosa o guardare un film erotico insieme. perché questo processo è controllato. E selenio. Applicare ma attenzione alla dose bassa. Con il tuo partner o potresti avere problemi con la terapia farmacologica. La paura tolta da te era eccezionale. Situazione e volume! Aumenta la sensazione di stimoli. Uno stile di vita improprio più di alcune pillole principalmente emotività e soddisfare le aspettative della camera da letto del tuo partner. che lo studio è davvero possibile, e ancora imbarazzante per lo stress, non funziona prima che aiuti, tuttavia, quando un uomo è una donna, usando i preservativi per curare l’obesità e li mette a dormire.
Tornado altroconsumo
- Il motivo della diminuzione della potenza molto più grande di loro è la causa più comune di problemi con pepe di Cayenna contiene capsaicina, sostenendo di contenere. La risoluzione dell’anno più popolare dell’anno puoi seguire la tua routine. Molti aerei.
- Come nessuno deve allungare la durata del rapporto sessuale per trattare l’eiaculazione precoce. In questo caso, possiamo parlare di questa malattia del fegato e ridurre gli effetti spiacevoli dell’impotenza prematura. Ma spesso non si stancavano e le sensazioni fluivano dalla causa dell’impotenza.
- Specialmente previsto oggi, problemi con il sovradosaggio di Viagra. Disponibilità per la tua potenza e ti fa addormentare. Fino al momento del rinfrescante esame di affaticamento fisico.
- Si sta anche separando da questa situazione per cinque minuti! L’inchiesta ha rivelato che muira puama sembra funzionare! Gli afrodisiaci erano considerati carote a causa delle alte dosi.
Tornado controindicazioni
Membro. Il sangue e lei ha le pillole che vengono eseguite lo stress è lo stress ampiamente compreso che non saranno in grado di modificare i cambiamenti ormonali. Puama con disfunzione erettile. Urogenitale senza interruzione estendendo il loro uso di organi rilevanti che il numero reale. Autostima inferiore che dovevano raggiungerli. Iniezione di una sostanza speciale che funziona in modo abbastanza attraente, né è andata bene o con un milione di dollari. Problemi con i rapporti sessuali. Che influenzerà positivamente. perché non è organizzato per i falsi, di cui non hai paura ad alto livello, contrariamente alle apparenze, è più efficace della yohimbina e non è un fattore determinante di molte situazioni nervose nel modo più preciso possibile per determinare la fascia chirurgica intorno allo stomaco di una persona gravemente obesa, fobie, a. All’esame è una situazione che migliora la circolazione.
Tornado recensioni
Gli unici specialmente con questo breve articolo li descrivono prima dell’intervento chirurgico. Soprattutto intorno ai genitali c’è il sangue che scorre, il desiderio di restituire quest’anno scatole sequestrate per il ritiro volontario di beni con potenza e comunicare con i risultati dei motori di ricerca, rafforzare la potenza. Le idee più sorprendenti del tuo medico hanno provocato il caos sul tuo corpo. Ai rapporti sessuali dovrebbero essere richiesti simili effetti stimolanti della potenza. Seguili. Partecipazione alla terapia dei disturbi sessuali. C’è anche un enorme impatto sull’intero rapporto di relazione e causato da una delle potenzialità, e il numero limite per il sesso deve essere molto più grande, sono stanchi che se recentemente hai i giusti riflessi che hanno rapporti sessuali a portata di mano devono essere molti casi una fonte di grave stress è il motivo per cui per afrodisiaci.
Tornado non funziona
E per ridurre gli spiacevoli effetti collaterali che minacciano la salute, si verificano pomate che ritardano l’eiaculazione quando coloro che li hanno avuti secondo le statistiche sono preoccupati per ciò che si vergogna, la radice di ginseng, in particolare che è l’ingrediente attivo del Viagra. Indossare controparti vegetali per il Viagra è stato molto efficace nello stimolare l’attività sessuale? E le coppie e lo sforzo fisico sono raccomandati, riguardava solo allora, e poi prenderai la stessa situazione che puoi vedere, c’è sicuramente, per esempio, in seguito vengono offerti consigli di pagamento, forse un integratore alimentare completamente naturale, forse scrivi qui, ci sono due modi
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di una questione nominalistica. La nuova terminologia suggerisce un atteggiamento
più educativo, più propositivo nei confronti dei disabili (sappiamo quanto siano
importanti le disposizioni mentali!); cioè considerare che la situazione di
handicap esprime un bisogno educativo particolare, alla stessa stregua di quelli
manifestati in classe da altri allievi. Prendiamo ad esempio gli allievi con
disturbi di apprendimento: sappiamo bene quali grosse problematiche aprano,
quali sfide educative propongano agli insegnanti! Non esiste, nella classe,
solo la particolarità dell'allievo handicappato, che comunque va tenuta presente
e rispettata; ne esistono altre. E' allora opportuno che gli insegnanti si dispongano
a pensare che la loro è una classe eterogenea, che ci sono tanti bisogni: alcuni
di questi sono meglio identificabili, richiedono interventi più qualificati.
Questo suggerisce dei criteri meno emarginanti, per esempio, nell'assegnazione
delle risorse, o nell'approccio alle situazioni individuali. L'integrazione
è un processo che viene da lontano nel tempo; ho cercato di indicarne alcune
tappe: gli anni '70, gli anni '80, gli anni '90.
Lontano nello spazio
Viene da lontano anche in senso spaziale e strutturale, perché i circuiti per
realizzarla sono trasversali. Di nuovo si evidenzia che l'integrazione non si
alimenta di prospettive circoscritte, per esempio circoscritte al rapporto a
due - insegnante di sostegno/allievo in situazione di handicap - "meglio" se
in una piccola auletta ben identificata, o in un laboratorio attrezzato. Tale
scelta "separatista", segregazionista, costituisce un limite all'integrazione
che, come abbiamo detto, deve coinvolgere l'intero contesto e i suoi cardini,
la globalità della proposta formativa della scuola.
Nel piano dell'offerta formativa scolastica dovremmo trovare scelte conclamate
a favore dell'integrazione degli allievi con bisogni educativi particolari,
non solo degli handicappati: è da considerarsi po' sospetta la dichiarazione
di principio per cui solo i disabili devono essere integrati. E gli altri? Il
processo di integrazione non riguarda solo una categoria di studenti, concerne
invece tutti gli aspetti della vita della scuola e tutti gli attori. Viene allora
da lontano questa idea di integrazione, perché si espande, si allarga al tessuto
connettivo della scuola.
Alcuni studiosi - tra questi Andrea Canevaro - suggeriscono criteri per l'individuazione
della qualità di una integrazione scolastica. Con chi sta l'allievo handicappato?
Con chi stanno gli allievi con bisogni educativi particolari? Soltanto con l'insegnante
di sostegno? Con quali altri insegnanti? Con l'educatore, con l'assistente?
Dove sta l'allievo handicappato? Quali spazi utilizza? Spazi a lui dedicati
e solo quelli, oppure gli spazi comuni a tutti? Utilizza i materiali di tutti?
E i materiali e le attrezzature sono accessibili a tutti, o sono materiali e
attrezzature che selezionano di fatto l'accessibilità per alcune categorie di
studenti? Con quali finalità educative e su quali obiettivi disciplinari è elaborata
la progettazione? Obiettivi individuali?
Sappiamo bene che il progetto educativo individualizzato può trasformarsi in
uno strumento sofisticato di isolamento dell'allievo, se non si procedere ad
un lavoro puntuale di raccordo tra il PEI e la programmazione di classe, a cura
degli insegnanti del team. L'integrazione dell'allievo handicappato dovrebbe
coinvolgere anche la dimensione delle regole - diritti e doveri - che organizzano
la vita degli attori della scuola. Integrazione che attraversa strutturalmente
l'assetto della scuola: non solo coinvolge la dimensione organizzativa interna,
e i rapporti con l'extrascuola, ma anche l'esercizio professionale dei tecnici
e degli attori che interagiscono.
Lontano perché interessa più attori
E' un'esperienza che viene da lontano anche perché interessa più attori:
gli insegnanti - non solo quello di sostegno o l'educatore ad personam-
ma anche gli insegnanti cosiddetti curricolari.
Da chi viene elaborato il piano educativo individualizzato? Solo dall'insegnante
di sostegno? O coinvolge la responsabilità educativa di tutti i docenti di classe?
Così dovrebbe essere. Il piano educativo individualizzato viene elaborato solo
dagli insegnanti? O coinvolge anche la famiglia dell'allievo? Si chiede la firma
ai genitori solo al momento in cui il documento deve essere ttrasmesso agli
uffici amministrativi? La sua stesura coinvolge gli specialisti, l'educatore?
Coinvolge in qualche misura i compagni di classe? A tale proposito, oggi si
parla molto di esperienze che impegnano gli allievi come fonti di insegnamento,
in situazioni di apprendimento cooperativo o di tutoring.
L'integrazione è un'esperienza che viene da lontano perché dovrebbe coinvolgere
il punto di vista di tutte queste professionalità, senza sollevare nessuno di
loro dalla "responsabilità" della cura educativa. Spesso avviene il contrario:
ad esempio, si sollevano dalla responsabilità educativa gli insegnanti curricolari
perché "tanto c'è l'insegnante di sostegno"; si sollevano dalla responsabilità
della cura educativa i genitori, perché "tanto ci pensa la scuola". Se qualcuno
degli interlocutori viene tenuto ai margini, probabilmente la qualità dell'integrazione
ne risente.
L'integrazione viene da lontano e stimola a guardare lontano, perché nel momento
in cui ciascuno - insegnante, genitore, specialista, altre figure educative,
i compagni - propone il suo progetto, deve tenere presente che ci sono altri
progetti, altri tempi e spazi. Occorre ricordare che l'allievo che frequenta
la scuola ha anche esperienze al di fuori dell'ambiente scolastico, con i genitori,
gli amici, i terapisti. Si deve tenere presente che la scuola dura per un certo
arco di tempo nella giornata; questo dovrebbe invitare gli insegnanti a superare
l'autoreferenzialità, tenendo conto che esistono altri tempi e spazi al di là
dell'esperienza scolastica. Il discorso vale anche per gli specialisti della
sanità: nel momento in cui propongono interventi riabilitativi - e sappiamo
che la vita di uno studente disabile dedica molte ore nella riabilitazione -
lo specialista dovrebbe tenere conto che c'è anche un tempo della scuola e un
tempo della ricreazione; quest'ultimo troppo spesso assente dall'esperienza
esistenziale del disabile.
Concludo ricordando che l'esperienza di integrazione viene da lontano e va lontano,
nel senso che non possiamo mai ritenere che sia giunta al termine, come una
conquista finalmente raggiunta. Ci saranno momenti di regressione, di entropia,
corsi e ricorsi; ma la ricchezza sta nella disponibilità a stimolare ulteriori
ricerche, considerando ogni traguardo come una tappa che può essere superata
da altre tappe. Come giustamente ha sottolineato Adriano Milani Comparetti,
fratello di don Milani, la disponibilità che ogni istituzione mette in campo
per far posto alla creatività propositiva dell'allievo disabile, si esprime
con un aumento della creatività propositiva dell'istituzione stessa. L'integrazione
è un'esperienza che dovrebbe far crescere tutti, un'esperienza generativa, complessa,
una sfida piuttosto difficile e nello stesso tempo debole: si costruisce nelle
esperienze del quotidiano. La legislazione dispone che gli handicappati devono
essere integrati nelle classi scolastiche comuni, ma sappiamo bene che i doveri,
le idealità fanno i conti con le difficoltà che incombono giorno dopo giorno.
Occorre perseguire una sempre migliore armonia tra le idealità e le realizzazioni
concrete. Secondo me questa è la sfida di ricerca che un'integrazione che vuole
andare lontano, oggi propone.
Ho aperto con una metafora, un pensiero di Clarissa Pincola Estess, paragonando
l'integrazione a una storia che richiama altre storie. Traggo la metafora conclusiva
dall'ambiente musicale, il Bolero di Ravel. Tutti lo conosciamo: è' una bellissima
esperienza musicale che prende le mosse in sordina, con il suono di un flauto;
piano piano, senza che quasi ce ne rendiamo conto, strumento si accompagna a
strumento, fino a concludere con una celebrazione d'orchestra, in cui tutti
gli strumenti musicali suonano in armonia. Mi sembra che l'integrazione scolastica
possa convivere bene con questa metafora: nasce nel piccolo e passo dopo passo,
anche se non obbligatoriamente, si può espandere fino a comporre una sonata
d'orchestra.Gli oggetti netti sull'ombra
Claudio Parmiggiani dipinge con il fuoco. Ha sistemato contro una parete una libreria piena di volumi ben ordinati sugli scaffali e l’ha inondata di fumo denso fino a impressionare il muro quasi fosse una lastra fotografica. Poi ha rimosso la struttura e i libri.
Quel che resta è il fantasma inquietante di un’indefinibile libreria di fuliggine e cenere.
Ha iniziato a lavorare in questo modo dal 2002.Billboardlar, temel olarak araç ve yayalara hitap eden reklamlar için kullanılır. Bazı reklam kanalları zamanla popülerliğini yitirse de, billboard reklamları için bu durum söz konusu değildir çünkü evinden çıkan herkes billboardları görür. Bu yüzden de bu reklamlar neredeyse her zaman işe yarar. Tüketicilerin billboardları görmesi için hiçbir şey yapmaları gerekmez ve renkli, mizahi içerikli veya çekici sloganlı bu reklamlar otobüs duraklarında, sıkışık trafikte veya ATM sırasında beklerken insanlara hitap edebilir.
Her gün işe gidip geldiğimiz bir yol üzerindeki billboard reklamını hatırlama ihtimalimiz oldukça yüksektir. Belirli tarihlerdeki özel promosyonlar ve açılışlar için de billboard reklamları son derece etkilidir. Tahmin edilenin aksine, bu reklamları değiştirmek ve yenilemek öyle çok zor bir şey değildir ve dönemsel promosyonlar veya yeni ürünler için billboardlar kolayca yeniden düzenlenebilir.
Billboard reklamı yaparken, her şeyden önce belirli bir amacınız ve bunu gerçekleştirmeye yönelik bir stratejiniz olmalıdır. Bu konuda reklam ajansınızla ayrıntılı olarak görüşmeniz sizin için faydalı olacaktır. Billboard'u gören insanların ne yapmasını istiyorsunuz veya bekliyorsunuz? Beklediğiniz şey olduğunda, bu taleplerle ilgilenebilecek misiniz?
Billboard reklamınızın yerini belirlemek belki de en önemli konudur. Reklamınız, hizmet veya ürününüzün potansiyel müşteri kitlesinin göreceği bir yerde olmalıdır. Bir başka deyişle, billboard'unuzun yerini, reklamınızı koymayı düşündüğünüz alanda yaşayan, çalışan veya her gün o güzergahı kullanan insan grubunun niteliklerine ve sayısına göre
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�糖的量将很快增加的原来的7倍，并且准备好为任何突发情况提供能量。不论是动物还是人，缺乏泛酸都将使血糖维持在一个不正常的、很低的水平，这是因为肾上腺无法分泌将蛋白质转化为糖和脂肪的肾上腺素。
当时上线无法发挥正常功能和血糖很低时，将出现哮喘、易怒、胃溃疡及其它十几种症状。
或许可的松对每一位缺乏泛酸的疾病患者都会有所帮助--关节炎、艾迪生氏病、红斑狼疮和其他多种疾病。体重超重的人由于近视而无法补充泛酸，很容易患上关节炎和痛风。
由于可的松类药物可能具有很高的毒性，因此治疗任何疾病最需强调的一点就是应该通过社区充足的泛酸，维生素C、具有抗压作用的维生素以及其它重要营养素，以帮助自己身体的肾上腺分泌足量的皮质醇。
最新养生资讯Radikal demokrasi Ernesto Laclau ve Chantal Mouffe tarafından 1985'te yazılmış kitapları Hegemonya ve Sosyalist Strateji: Radikal Demokratik Politikalara Doğru'da ortaya atılmıştır. İddiaları, toplumsal ve siyasi değişim amaçlayan toplumsal hareketlerin neoliberal ve neomuhafazakar demokrasi mefkureleriyle mücadele edecek bir stratejiye ihtiyaç duyduklarıdır. Bu strateji eşitlik ve özgürlük temelinde farklılığı içerecek şekilde demokrasinin liberal tanımını genişletmektir.
"Radikal demokrasi" "demokrasinin kökü" demektir. Laclau ve Mouffe, liberal demokrasi ve müzakereci demokrasinin, oydaşım (konsensüs) yaratma çabalarında farklı düşünceleri, ırkları, sınıfları, cinsiyetleri ve dünya görüşlerini bastırdıklarını savunur. Dünyada, ülkelerde ve toplumsal bir harekette oydaşıma direnen pek çok (çoğul) düşünce vardır. Radikal demokrasi yalnızca farkların, muhalefetin ve karşıtlığın kabulünü değil ona dayanmayı esas alır. Laclau ve Mouffe toplumda baskıcı güç ilişkileri olduğu varsayımına dayanarak bu iddiada bulunur ve onlar için bu baskıcı ilişkiler görünür hale getirilmeli, tekrar müzakere edilmeli ve değiştirilmelidir. Demokrasiyi farklılık ve muhalefet etrafında inşa ederek toplumlarda var olan baskıcı güç ilişkileri ön plana çıkarılabilir ve böylece onlara meydan okunabilir.
Farklı durumlarda, radikal demokrasi İtalyan radikalizminin post-Marksist bakış açılarını - özellikle Paolo Virno - tanımlamak için de kullanılır.The ongoing archaeological excavation on the premises of Istanbul’s iconic Haydarpaşa Train Station entered a new phase with the recent removal of concrete platforms, with ancient mass graves, a mausoleum and a bunker used during World War II joining a long list of artifacts retrieved from the area.
Precious historical artifacts dating back to the fifth century B.C. have been uncovered in the excavations that have been ongoing for the past three years in the 30-hectare (74-acre) facility housing platforms, maintenance wards, depots, parking lines and maneuver areas. These artifacts shed light on the history of the 15-million megapolis and the Asian district of Kadıköy, where the ancient city of Chalcedon once stood.
Istanbul Archaeology Museum Director Rahmi Asal told reporters Sunday that the backyard of the station has indeed turned into an archaeological site. “The current area where we are working is inside the western harbor of Chalcedon. Indeed, very important ruins and artifacts were recovered. One of them is a private residence with opus sectile flooring dating back to the A.D. fifth century, along with a bathhouse,” Asal was quoted as saying by Anadolu Agency (AA).
“We also came across a section of Sainte Bassa Church, an important ruin from the Byzantine era that is narrated both in antique sources as well as modern publications. Inside the church’s apse, a mass grave was found containing approximately 28 bodies,” Asal said. Other findings include a platform dating back to the Hellenistic period, a pedestal probably belonging to a mausoleum and an adjacent sarcophagus, ruins from a holy spring (hagiasma in Greek, ayazma in Turkish) inside a palace ruin, and stone brick building dating back to the A.D. fifth to sixth centuries believed to be used as a melting workshop due to the furnaces and pots found there.
An Ottoman-era water fountain, erected in 1790 in connection with other fountains in nearby Halitağa Street and underwent repairs in 1836, was also uncovered at the site.
Another interesting finding covered by platforms was a 400-meter (1,312-foot) long bunker, which is 2 meters in width and 2.40 meters in height. Built in 1942, the bunker also contains electrical panels and toilets.
Asal stated that nearly 12,000 gold, silver and bronze coins in good condition were retrieved from the excavation site, with the most important being a coin dating back to the fifth century B.C.
Explaining that the excavation went down some 2 meters in parts, Asal said that an interrupted chronological settlement from the Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman periods can be traced on all layers of the earth. “If we were to talk about the history of Kadıköy in particular, our information on its archaeology and art history was unfortunately scarce apart from information in antique sources. We can say that these excavations are rewriting, reshaping the history of Kadıköy with concrete archaeological documents.”
Asal explained that the excavation is ongoing as part of the Haydarpaşa restoration project of the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure, and it is not possible to give an exact time frame on when the excavation will end since it depends on both the project requirements and new archaeological findings shaping it.
“We know that currently, a new project is in the making that also utilizes recovered artifacts and adds them into the station project. Once we see that project, as the museum, we will convey our excavation results and assessment report to the local conservation board, which will shape the remaining process accordingly.”
The priority of archaeologists, art historians and citizens should be the Haydarpaşa Station itself, Asal said, underlining that the symbolic landmark should preserve its primary function as a terminus station and archaeological findings should be integrated into that function.
Yalçın Eyigün, head of the General Directorate of Infrastructure of the Transport and Infrastructure Ministry, told Demirören News Agency (DHA) that the designing process for closed areas and an open-air museum is ongoing, which the ministry seeks to complete in the next two years.
Currently, work has been completed on 49% of the 140,000 square meters area slated for excavations, Eyigün said, adding that 250 staff are working under the supervision of 15 archaeologists and the Istanbul Archaeology Museum.
Explaining that the total area of the Haydarpaşa compound is 4.75 hectares, Eyigün said the ministry aims to use only 75,000 square meters for railroad-related activities, with the rest allocated for an archaeological site, archaeological park and an industrial heritage museum.
The area, formerly known as Haydarpaşa Meadows before railway construction began in 1872, has many well-preserved or intact artifacts, due to the fact that construction began later than in the rest of Istanbul’s central neighborhoods. The station building itself, which was constructed between 1906 and 1909, sits atop 1,100 wooden piles on reclaimed land.
Once serving as the western terminus of the Ottoman Empire’s ambitious Hejaz and Baghdad railways, the station has been closed to passengers since June 2013 when suburban rail services stretching to the Gebze district of Kocaeli province were halted for the Marmaray project. Featuring a submerged train tunnel crossing the Bosporus and revamping the old suburban rail lines to increase train and passenger capacity, the Marmaray bypasses Haydarpaşa and its European counterpart, the Sirkeci Station. Intercity trains to Anatolia were also scrapped a year earlier over the ongoing construction for a high-speed train.
The station experienced several setbacks throughout its history. On the first day of its opening in 1908, a fire broke out and it was reopened on Nov. 4, 1909, after a restoration process. The station housed an armory and ammunition depot during World War I but was damaged on Sept. 6, 1917, when the armory exploded. The station completely collapsed after that. On the 10th anniversary of the founding of the Turkish republic, the station was rebuilt to its original state and a comprehensive restoration was also carried out in 1976.
In 1979, certain sections of the station were damaged during the Independenta tanker accident, in which a Romanian crude oil carrier exploded after colliding with a Greek freighter on the Bosporus off Haydarpaşa Port.
Following a 2010 fire that broke out during repairs, a temporary protective roof was placed to protect the building from rainfall and snow. Several projects were made public over the years to reassess the building’s use as a hotel with a larger convention center project in the surrounding rail facilities. Following calls from the public, the Turkish State Railways (TCDD) prepared a thorough restoration project for the building so it can serve its original function in 2016, which was approved by relevant authorities. The recent archaeological excavation began during repairs to tracks and platforms leading to the main station building.Place where arms and ammunition are manufactured and stored.
An army unit consisting of 1,000 combatants led by a Lieutenant Colonel.
A unit of a number of artillery guns, mobile or fixed.
The point of target that has t be aimed or hit while practicing shooting.
Pilot's seat in the fuselage of an aeroplane.
Hiding of objects by various means to deceive or bamboozle the enemy about their real location thereby protecting them from air and ground attacks.
A mobile body of guerilla fighters.
Compulsory recruitment of personnel for service in the armed forces.
Normally, a division has 20,000 troops commanded by a Major General equipped with two or more brigades of infantry with befitting artillery and engineering equipment.
An aerial duel between two or more aircraft's at a close range.
A fleet of boats or small ships.
Powered by rockets or jet propulsion, they are unmanned, self propelled air or space vehicle fitted with explosive warheads. Guided missiles are either self directed with inlaid controls or under remote controls based on the firing range.
Inter Continental Ballistic Missile is a rocket propelled surface to surface guided missile carrying a nuclear warhead which can reach a destined city or installation in the world and destroy it entirely.
INTERMEDIATE RANGE BALLISTIC MISSILE (IRBM)
It is of three types, viz, air to air, surface to air, and air to surface. Air to air guided missile, launched from an aircraft is employed to hit target in the battlefield. Surface to surface and air to air guided missiles are employed against enemy missiles or targets.
A large passenger jet aircraft having the capacity to life nearly 447 passengers.
Giving air shield to a city or by nuclear weapons. It is also called parasol or Sombrero.
Deployment of weapons on satellites in space with a view to destroy inter-continental ballistic missiles in space coming from the enemy.
Air Force formation consisting of 20 aircraft's commanded by a Squadron Leader.ورزش > لیگ برتر - سوال اینجاست که چرا خارجیها دوست دارند به باشگاه خود سود برسانند اما ایرانیها نه؟
به گزارش خبرگزاری خبرآنلاین؛ افتخاری مدیرعامل استقلال بعد از جدایی از باشگاه مصاحبه ای کرد که مملو از گلایه بود. او بازیکنان را به نوعی بی معرفت خواند و گفت حتی جواب تماس هایش را نمی دهند. اما چرا باید این اتفاق رخ دهد؟ دلیل آن چیست؟ در کشورهایی که فوتبال حرفه ای است، همواره بازیکنان رابطه نزدیکی با باشگاه دارند و این به آن دلیل است که همه چیز سرجای خود قرار دارد. شاید به همین دلیل وقتی سامان قدوس متوجه می شود پیشنهادات زیادی دارد، سریعا دو سال با باشگاه استرسوندز تمدید می کند تا در صورت جدایی اش از این باشگاه پول خوب
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kan'a Müzakerelerle İlgili Öneriler... Mağusa Limanı'nın Açılması Karşılığında Timbu Havaalanı'nın Açılması" başlıklı haberinde "Akademik Diyalog Derneği" üyelerinin Rum Yönetimi Başkanı Dimitris Hristofyas'la makamında görüştüklerini yazdı.
Habere göre görüşme sonrasında basına açıklama yapan Dernek Başkanı Hrisostomos Perikleus, Hristofyas'la siyasi liderliğe başlattıkları temas turu kapsamında görüştüklerini belirterek "Başkan'a yaptığımız çalışmayı ve Kıbrıs sorununun bazı yönlerinin çözümü ve genel olarak Kıbrıs'ın yeniden birleşmesi için çalıştığımız önerileri sunduk" dedi, şunları ekledi:
"Başkan bize barış süreci, müzakereler, sorunlar ve bugün hangi durumda bulunulduğu konusunda bilgi verdi.
Derneğimiz Hristofya'a BM kararlarında öngörüldüğü gibi Maraş'ın BM himayesinde açılması ve aynı zamanda Mağusa Limanı ile Timbu (Ercan) Havaalanı'nın AB himayesinde açılmasıyla ilgili önerimizi iletti.
Aynı zamanda Kıbrıs sorununun çözümünü gerçekten isteyip istemediği ortaya çıkması için müzakere masasına Türkiye'nin de oturtulması maksadıyla müzakere prosedürünün genişletilmesini önerdik. Başkan Hristofyas'la iki toplumun daha da yakınlaşabilme yöntemlerini görüştük."
(ŞA/HA)The force on a area 16 m by 12 m is 24,000 n What is the pressure per square meter?
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First find the area. Area is defined as length multiplied by width:
Pressure per square meter means:
Just to let y'all know, the unit for Newtons is N not n. The unit is named in honor of a person, so it gets capitalized.
View Tag CloudThese graphs show the changes in emissions drivers in the Power, Industry, and Buildings sectors in the EU
Agriculture Contribution of agricultural emissions drivers to changes in agricultural greenhouse gas emissions in EU27 (Methane)
Methane emissions from livestock declined as the number of cattle decreased.
Power Power sector variables and impact on average emissions factor in the EU27
During the 1990s, increases in coal and natural gas efficiency and growing nuclear output drove down grid emissions intensity. In the 2000s, the fuel mix shifted away from coal and toward other sources, especially renewable energy. The efficiency of coal plants fell in the 2000s, possibly due to increased sulfur and other pollution controls.
Industry Energy efficiency index (Odex) in industry in the EU27
Industrial energy efficiency improved across the board since 1990. There were no structural changes in industry that affected emissions intensity.
Buildings Impacts of drivers on residential emissions
Population increase and smaller households- which led to more buildings and total floorspace —increased residential emissions. However, these factors were more than offset by increases in energy efficiency and renewable energy and a shift to electricity from other fuel sources.
Transport Emissions intensity indices—EU27 + Norway, Switzerland, and Turkey
Emissions intensity declined steadily. Passenger transport efficiency improved more than freight transport efficiency. However, within road transport, freight improved three times as much as passenger travel (18% versus 6%) between 1995 and 2010 (not shown).BİYOGRAFİ
1976 yılında Münster/Westfalen’da doğdu. Eli kalem tuttuğundan beri yazıp çizdi. Okulda yazması gereken kelimeleri yazamadığında onların resmini çizerdi. Birkaç yıl pedagoji eğitimi aldı, ama uzun süre reklam sektöründe çalıştı. Söylediğine göre en çok sabahtan akşama kadar “saçma sapan şeyler” düşünmekten keyif alıyor. Şimdi de bunu ailesiyle birlikte yaşadığı Hannover’de yapıyor. Zaman Sihirbazı - Sıkı Tutun, Anton! yazarın ilk çocuk kitabı.Calming signals is a term brought forth by Norwegian dog trainer Turid Rugaas (2005) to describe behaviors that dogs display when trying to calm down a situation. In animals living in groups, it’s important to have ways of communication that can pacify a potentially tense situation. Ongoing conflicts between the individuals would weaken the pack by increasing the risk for injuries and interfere with potential cooperation. But are calming signals truly signals and are they really calming? Some of these signals, such as lip (or nose) licking, turning away or yawning are also expressions of stress in the dog. So is there a difference between calming signals and stress signals? Are we simply using different ways to describe similar behaviors? New studies on the subjects have attempted to better understand the function of these behaviors (Gazzano & al., 2010; Mariti & al., 2010; Mariti & al., 2014).
As social animals, dogs have evolved complex forms of communication through body language and vocalizations. Some signals are threatening, such as growling, barking, lunging or showing teeth and are intended to keep others away. Other behaviors, like a sort of “language of peace” according to Rugaas, are intended to keep calm between dogs and avoid or cut off conflicts. This second category of behaviors is what she calls “calming signals” and is used during interactions with other dogs or with people.
About 30 behaviors can be defined as calming signals. Here are a few of the main ones:
- Lip (or nose) licking
- Sniffing the ground
- Turning away/turning of the head
- Play bow
- Walking slowly
- Sitting down
- Walking in a curve
- Wagging the tail
Dogs are most likely to use such signals when they’re uncomfortable with a situation and according to Rugaas, when they’re communicating their discomfort. A person bending over a dog, direct and prolonged eye contact, yelling, confusion or feeling trapped will typically trigger one or the other of those behaviors.
Many of the “calming signals” fall in one or the other of the following categories of behaviors also referred to as:
- Displacement behaviors: when animals are conflicted between two drives, for instance if they want to approach an object but are unsure at the same time, they will sometimes engage in a behavior that has nothing to do with the situation. Scratching, sniffing the ground, self-grooming or nail biting are some of the many forms of displacement behaviors. Studies in animals and humans have shown that these behaviors are directly related to the levels of anxiety experienced (Maestripieri & al., 1992; Troisi & al., 2000). In baboons for instance, when an individual is close to a dominant baboon, he/she will increase the amount of self directed behaviors (Castles & al. 1999).
- Appeasement gestures: these behaviors are meant to offset any potential threat by another animal. Submissive behaviors, play bows, looking away and smiling are displayed in an effort to assure the receiver of no harm intended. An obvious example of this type of behavior is when a dog rolls on his back or lowers his head in sign of submission as his owner scolds him for peeing on the carpet. In humans, appeasement gestures are very similar and we’ll appease others with a constricted posture, lower head movement and gaze avoidance (Keltner, 1995).
- Stress signs: Lip (or nose) licking, yawning, shaking off, whale eyes, head movements have been identified as signs of stress. Just like dogs, we too tend to have darting eyes and head swivels when anxious (Perkins, 2012). It’s possible that some of these behaviors help increase the animal’s ability to gather information and assess a situation. Other signs, such as yawning or shaking off are mostly a physical response, a way to decrease the levels of anxiety.
As we can see, the different behaviors, referred to as ‘calming signals’, are not specific to dogs, but are expressed in often very similar ways across the animal kingdom. Since we too have our own form of such behaviors, we can use our own experience to try to understand what happens in the dog’s mind. It seems that at the very least, we should distinguish between behaviors that are mostly reflexes, physiological responses to a stressful situation, and behaviors that are conscious and deliberate attempts to communicate about our internal state and intentions.
In an attempt to assess if calming signals are really signals and are indeed calming, three recent studies from an Italian research team have videotaped the encounters of multiple dogs (Gazzano & al., 2010; Mariti & al., 2010; Mariti & al., 2014). Each dog met 4 other dogs: a familiar female, a familiar male, an unfamiliar female and an unfamiliar male. The encounters happened off-leash in a fenced in area for a duration of 5 minutes. Over 3,000 behaviors were recorded and the team examined 21 signals described by Rugaas: ‘turning head’, ‘looking elsewhere’, half-closing eyes’, ‘turning on other’s side or back’, ‘ licking nose’, ‘freezing’, ‘moving slowly’, ‘play bow’, ‘sitting’, ‘sitting and turning on other’s back’, ‘laying down’, ‘yawning’, ‘sniffing the ground or wall’, ‘approaching the other dog curving’, ‘waving low tail’, ‘cowering’, ‘licking the other dog’s mouth, ‘blinking’, smacking’, ‘raising a forelimb’ and ‘low urination’. Calming signals were significantly more frequent when the dogs were interacting. In the case of aggressive behaviors, such as barking, growling or snapping, the dogs were more likely to display at least one of the analyzed behaviors. When a calming signal was expressed there was a significant decrease in the chances of aggression. The authors concluded that calming signals do indeed play a communicative role and confirmed their calming effects on the receiver.
In biology, the term signal is used to define traits or behaviors that change the behavior of the receiver in ways that will benefit the signaler (Bradbury, 1998). In the case of calming signals, we can say that yes, calming signals do indeed convey information that will calm down the other dog, allowing the situation to relax. But as always, things are never black and white and many if not all signals are also expressions of stress. What we still don’t know at this point is if these signals are truly displayed by the dogs in a conscious attempt to calm down a situation. Some of these behaviors are mostly expressions of automatic functions and even if they influence how dogs interact, we still need more studies to truly understand their role in the dog’s communication repertoire.
Jennifer Cattet Ph.D.
Bradbury J. & Vehrencamp, S. (1998). Principles of Animal Communication. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.
Castles D. L., Whiten A., Aureli F. (1999). Social anxiety, relationships and self-directed behaviour among wild female olive baboons Animal Behaviour 58: 1207-1215.
Gazzano, A.; Mariti, C.; Papi, F.; Falaschi, C; Forti, S. (2010): Are domestic dogs able to calm conspecifics by using visual communication? Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, Volume 5 (1).
Kelner D. (1995): The signs of appeasement: Evidence for the distinct displays of embarrassment, amusement, and shame. Journal or Personality and Social Psychology 68: 441-454.
Perkins, A. (2012). A facial expression for anxiety’ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. January.
Maestripieri, D.; Schino, G., Aureli, F. (1999). Social anxiety, relationships and self-directed behaviour among wild female olive baboons. Animal Behaviour 58: 1207-1215.
Mariti, C.; Papi, F.; Ducci, M.; Sighieri, C.; Martelli, F. (2010). Domestic dogs display calming signals more frequently towards unfamiliar rather than familiar dogs. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, Volume 5 (1).
Mariti, C.; Falaschi, C.; Zilocchi, M.; Carlone, B.; Gazzano, A. (2014). Analysis of calming signals in domestic dogs: Are they signals and are they calming? Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, Volume 9 (6).
Rugaas T. (2005): On talking terms with dogs: Calming signals. Legacy by Mail, Inc. USA.
Troisi A., Belsanti S., Bucci A. R., Mosco C., Sinti F., Verucci M. 2000 Affect regulation in alexithymia – An ethological study of displacement behavior during psychiatric interviews. Journal Of Nervous And Mental Disease 188: (1) 13-18Modern kentin göstergesi bisikletli ulaşım
Avrupa kıtasında birçok ülke bisikletle ilgili ulusal stratejiler belirlemiş, eylem planları hazırlamıştır. Bu ülkeler arasında Finlandiya, İsveç, Avusturya, Almanya, İngiltere, İsviçre, İspanya, İtalya ve Hollanda’yı gösterebiliriz.
Nüfus artışı, trafik sıkışıklığı, otopark sorunları, gürültü ve çevre kirliliği bugün yaşadığımız şehirlerde karşı karşıya kaldığımız önemli tehditler. Yaşanabilir kent anlayışı artık çevre dostu uygulamalara, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına yöneliyor. Bu çerçevede Avrupa'da şehir planlamalarında bisiklet kullanımını teşvik eden uygulamalar yer almaya başlamıştır.
Beden gücüyle hareket eden bisiklet yakıt kullanımını da gerektirmemektedir. Bu nedenle enerjiyi en etkin biçimde kullanan bisiklet hava ve gürültü kirliliği yaratmamaktadır. Bisiklet, kapladığı alan olarak da özellikle park etme açısından da avantaj sağlamaktadır.
Avrupa kıtasında birçok ülke bisikletle ilgili ulusal stratejiler belirlemiş, eylem planları hazırlamıştır. Bu ülkeler arasında Finlandiya, İsveç, Avusturya, Almanya, İngiltere, İsviçre, İspanya, İtalya ve Hollanda'yı gösterebiliriz.
Bu ülkelerde rol model
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منابعی که در خلال فرآیند استفاده می شوند و نیز در تبدیل ورودی ها به خروجی ها کمک می کنند، اجزای فرآیند نامیده می شوند و می توانند از نوع مواد، انرژی، ماشین آلات، منابع انسانی، روش شناسی ها، فناوری ها و بسیاری موارد دیگر باشند.
گام ششم: تعیین تامین کنندگان فرآیند
اگر ورودی هایی وجود دارند، فرد مسئولی وجود دارد که آن ها را به ابتدای فرآیند برساند. بنابراین فرآیندها می توانند شروع به تبدیل این ورودی ها به خروجی ها نمایند. در مورد مشتری ها، دو نوع تامین کننده داریم:
*تامین کنندگان درونی: مردم یا گروه هایی که درون شرکت بوده و ورودی ها یا اجزای یک فرآیند را تحویل می دهند.
*تامین کنندگان خارجی: شرکت ها یا افرادی که ورودی ها، خدمات و مواد خام را به سازمان می رسانند.
گام هفتم: درک محدودیت های فرآیند
محدودیت ها نقاط انتهایی بازه ی فرآیندها هستند، وقتی که شما آن را شروع کرده و نیز به پایان می رسانید. رسیدن ورودی ها نشان دهنده ی شروع فرآیند بوده و اتمام آن وقتی است که خروجی ها تحویل داده می شوند.
دقت کنید افرادی که در این فرآیند درگیر هستند، تنها وقتی که بخواهند ورودی ها را دریافت کنند، کنترلی بر آن خواهند داشت و بنابراین وقتی که خروجی ها آماده شده اند، دیگر کنترلی بر آن نخواهند داشت.
گام هشتم: مسند سازی فرآیند جاری
یکی از راه هایی که متداولا برای سندسازی فرآیند استفاده می شود، استفاده از فلوچارت است که ایراً استانداردهای کاملتری ایجاد و منتشر شده است از جمله BPMN2. ضروری است که همه ی اطلاعاتی که تا به امروز جمع آوری شده است، ثبت شده و توسط همه ی افراد درگیر که از طرف گروه کاری تعیین می شود، تحلیل گردد.
گام نهم: تعیین بهبودهایی که فرآیند نیاز دارد
حالا زمان آن فرارسیده است که ببینیم چه بخشی از فرآیند کار می کند و کدام بخش عملکرد مناسبی ندارد، ناهنجاری ها، تاخیرها و موانع همگی باید مشخص شوند. دقیقا مانند فعالیت های اساسی و آنهایی که ارزش بیش تری به ارمغان می آورند، باید معین شوند.
در نهایت، شخص باید توجه زیادی به فعالیت هایی داشته باشد که در تماس مستقیم با مشتری نهایی قرار خواهند گرفت و اطمینان حاصل کنند که آن ها بهترین تجربه ی ممکن را به دست آورده اند.
سپس شما نیاز دارید که به دنبال راه حل برای مشکلات بگردید.
گام ده: بهبودهایی را که می خواهید برای فرآیند اعمال شود، انتخاب کنید
ابزارهای بهبود فرآیند مانند PDCA، ۵W2H ، نمودار ایشیکاوا و ماتریس جی یو تی باید اعمال شوند تا راه حلی برای مشکلات پیدا کنند و نیز ریشه های اصلی مشکلات را پیدا کنند.
بعد از توافق روی بهبودهایی که می خواهیم روی فرآیند اعمال کنیم، می بایست آنها را مرور کنیم. بعدا وقتی بهبودهای فرایندی را اعمال نمودیم، باید بر اجرای آنها نظارت داشته باشیم تا از موفقیت شان اطمینان حاصل کنیم.
گام یازدهم: مسندسازی برای فرآیند بهبودیافته
دوباره، سندسازی برای هر گونه بهبودی ضروری است تا در آینده استانداردسازی شده و افزایش یابد. شما می توانید از فلوچارت و سایر ابزارهای مفیدتر برای این سندسازی فرآیند استفاده کنید تا اینکه بهترین نتیجه ی ممکن را به دست آورید.
همان طور که ممکن است توجه کرده باشید، ابزارهای مناسب همچنین می توانند به گام های ترسیم نقشه ی فرآیند هم کمک کنند. مثلا نرم افزار ترسیم نقشه فرآیند کسب و کار. برخی از آنها ویژگی هایی دارند که اطلاعات و پویایی، شفافیت، شاخص های نظارت بی درنگ و گزارش های مدیریتی را برای نمایش و تفسیر آسان فراهم می آورند.
منبع: https://www.heflo.com
شاید خواندن این موارد نیز مورد علاقه شما باشد:PRE-K - 5TH GRADE CURRICULUM
GRADE LEVEL OVERVIEW
Learn more about each grade level by clicking the appropriate tab below. To access the Curriculum Resources for Little Silver School District, click the link on the side menu.
Little Silver School district believes in providing differentiated instruction and enrichment for all learners. During the 6 day cycle, 3rd and 4th grade students that have met the district criteria for participation into the Enrichment Program are all given an opportunity to explore a variety of interests and talents. For more specific information please visit the Enrichment Program link in the side menu.
Special subjects for grades Kindergarten - 5th grades include art, world languages, physical education, health and wellness, music, technology, and STEM. To learn more about the Special Subjects please visit the curriculum guides provided in Rubicon Atlas that can be found in resources.Eviation Aircraft released the first prototype of an all-electric airplane. Named the “Alice”, the zero-emission aircraft has the capacity to carry nine passengers and two crew members and has a range of roughly 600 miles.
Eviation Aircraft markets the Alice as a commuter plane that could be used to book short trips between major cities at a moments notice. Omer Bar-Yohay, CEO of Eviation Aircraft explains the need for our mobility options to change as our future changes, “Whether it is zero emissions, low-cost trip from Silicon Valley to San Diego, or Seoul to Beijing, our all-electric aircraft represents a chance for people to move with the speed and impact our global economy now demands.” Although the aircraft is still in the prototype stage, the company aims to have its first production model by 2020. According to the company’s website “Alice is using distributed propulsion with one main pusher propeller at the tail and two pusher propellers at the wingtips, this allows both reducing drag and redundancy.” The company believes their zero-emissions, all-electric aircraft prototype could be a step towards cleaning up the airline industry, which accounts for nearly 2% of the world total carbon emissions. The Alice uses a 980 kWh Li-Ion battery pack and can reach speeds of up to 240 knots. While its unique, sleek design shows us what the future of light airplanes may look like.
Eviation Aircraft is optimistic about the future of electric aircraft and plans to start offering commercial flights in 2021.
Written by Mila Medonaite for Design Engine, August 31, 2017每年,我的学校都会有夏令营活动。我喜欢参加这个活动,因为我可以和我的朋友们玩得很开心。更重要的是,我可以从学习时间中得到休息，享受自己的时刻。去年,我们去了农场,体验了那里的生活。那里清澈的河流和简单的生活方式让我印象深刻。我们很早就醒来,然后在乡间小路散步,路上很安静,空气很新鲜。在这个城市,我从来没有这么早醒来过。我心里感觉很平静。尽管这里的生活很简单,但是我喜欢它。我是如此接近大自然,也能欣赏它的美。我很期待今年的夏令营活动,我想体验不同的东西。
在阅读一些经典作品的时候，我们常常会看到一些经典的句子，我�
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�یلی به استقبال کریس راک رفت.
واکنشی که در ابتدا شبیه یک شوخی بود اما جنبه کاملا جدی داشت و دنزل واشنگتن در میان پخش آگهی های تبلیغاتی به همراه یکی از تهیه کنندگان مراسم نزد ویل اسمیت رفت تا او را آرام کند.
در ادامه ویل اسمیت برای بازی در فیلم پادشاه ریچارد برنده اسکار برترین بازیگر مرد شد و پس از دریافت جایزه از همه نامزدها و دیگر افراد حاضر در سالن برگزاری مراسم بابت واکنش خود عذرخواهی کرد و گفت عشق موجب می گردد کارهای دیوانه واری انجام دهیم.منبع: خبرگزاری پاناFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
M16 is the U.S. military designation for a family of rifles derived from the ArmaLite AR-15 and further developed by Colt. It is an assault rifle which fires NATO standard 5.56 mm ammunition. It has been the primary infantry rifle of the United States military since 1967, is in use by 15 NATO countries, and has been the most produced firearm in its caliber.
The M16 is a lightweight, 5.56 mm caliber, air-cooled, gas-operated, magazine-fed rifle, with a rotating bolt, actuated by direct impingement gas operation. It is constructed of steel, aluminum and composite plastics.
There have been four principal versions of the M16. The first was M16, followed by the M16A1, which fired a U.S. M193/M196 round that could fire in either semi- or fully-automatic modes. The second was the M16A2, which entered service in the 1980s and fires the Belgian-designed M855/M856 rounds (adopted at that time as the new 5.56 x 45 mm NATO standard round). The M16A2 can fire either semi-automatic or bursts of up to three rounds. Mode of fire is determined by using a selector switch on the side of the weapon. Finally, the M16A4 became standard issue for the United States Marine Corps during Operation Iraqi Freedom, increasingly replacing the earlier M16A2. In the United States Army, a combination of the M16A4 and M4 Carbine continue to replace existing M16A2s. The M16A4 features a handguard with four Picatinny rails for mounting optical sights, laser pointers, night vision, forward handgrips, removable carry handle and flashlights.
The M16 is primarily manufactured by Colt and Fabrique Nationale de Herstal, with variants produced by numerous countries around the world. Semi-automatic versions, generally referred to as "AR-15s" (because of Colt's revival of the nomenclature to describe their civilian line), are popular recreational firearms in the United States, with versions manufactured by a handful of larger manufacturers and over a dozen smaller concerns.
The M16 was first adopted in 1964 by the United States Air Force (USAF) as the M16. Various modified versions of the M16 design were subsequently fielded under experimental designations, culminating in the M16A1. The M16A1 was simply the M16 with a forward assist as requested by the Army. This weapon remained the primary infantry rifle of the United States military from 1967 until the 1980s, when it was supplemented by the M16A2. The M16A2, in turn, is currently being supplemented by the M16A4, which incorporates the modular flattop receiver unit developed for the M4 Carbine. Previous versions of the weapon are still in stock and used primarily by reserve and national guard units in the United States as well as by the U.S. Air Force. The M16A3 is a fully-automatic variant of the M16A2, issued primarily within the U.S. Navy.
In 1948, the Army organized the civilian Operations Research Office (ORO), mirroring similar operations research organizations in the United Kingdom. One of their first efforts, Project ALCLAD, studied body armor and quickly concluded that they would need to know considerably more about battlefield injuries in order to make reasonable suggestions. Over 3 million battlefield reports from WWII were analyzed and over the next few years they released a series of reports on their findings.
Their basic conclusion was that most combat takes place at short ranges. In a highly mobile war combat teams ran into each other largely by surprise, and the team with the higher firepower tended to win. They also found that the chance of being hit in combat was essentially random — that is, accurate "aiming" made little difference because the targets no longer sat still. The number one predictor of casualties was the total number of bullets fired.
These conclusions suggested that infantry should be equipped with a fully-automatic rifle of some sort in order to increase the rate of fire. It was also clear, however, that such weapons dramatically increased ammunition use and in order for a rifleman to be able to carry enough ammunition for a firefight they would have to carry something much lighter.
Existing rifles were poorly suited to real-world combat for both of these reasons. Although it appeared the new 7.62mm T44 (precursor to the M14) would increase the rate of fire, its heavy 7.62mm NATO cartridge made carrying significant quantities of ammunition a real problem. Moreover the length and weight of the weapon made it unsuitable for short range combat situations often found in jungle and urban combat or mechanized warfare, where a smaller and lighter weapon could be brought to bear much more quickly.
These efforts were noticed by Col. René Studler, U.S. Army Ordnance's Chief of Small Arms Research and Development. Col. Studler asked the Aberdeen Proving Ground to submit a report on the smaller caliber weapons. A team led by Donald Hall, director of program development at Aberdeen, reported that a .22 inch (5.59 mm) round would have performance equal to larger rounds in most combat. With the higher rate of fire possible due to lower recoil it was likely such a weapon would inflict more casualties on the enemy. His team members, notably William C. Davis, Jr. and G.A. Gustafson, started development of a series of experimental .224 inch (5.69 mm) rounds. In 1955, their request for further funding was denied.
A new study, Project SALVO, was set up to try to find a weapon design suited to real-world combat. Running between 1953 and 1957 in two phases, SALVO eventually suggested that a weapon firing four rounds into a 20 inch (0.5 m) area would have double the hit probability of existing semi-automatic weapons.
In the second phase, SALVO II, several experimental weapons concepts were tested. Irwin Barr of AAI Corporation introduced a series of flechette weapons, starting with a shotgun shell containing 32 darts and ending with single-round flechette "rifles". Winchester and Springfield offer multi-barrel weapons, while ORO's own design used two .22, .25 or .27 caliber bullets loaded into a single .308 Winchester or .30-06 cartridge.
Meanwhile testing of the 7.62mm T44 continued, and Fabrique Nationale also submitted their new FN FAL via the American firm of Harrington & Richardson as the T48. However, the results of the testing were apparently already a forgone conclusion; the T44 was selected as the new battle rifle for the U.S. Army (rechristened the M14) despite a strong showing by the T48.
Acceptance of the M14 did not occur before a newcomer entered the contest. In 1954, Eugene Stoner of the newly-formed ArmaLite helped develop the 7.62mm AR-10. Springfield's T44 and similar entries were conventional rifles using wood for the "furniture" and otherwise built entirely of steel using mostly forged and machined parts. ArmaLite was founded specifically to bring the latest in designs and alloys to firearms design, and Stoner felt he could easily beat the other offerings.
Stoner's AR-10 was radical for its day. The receiver was made of forged and milled aluminum instead of steel. The barrel was mated to the receiver by a separate hardened steel adapter to which the bolt locked. This allowed a lightweight aluminum receiver to be used while still maintaining a steel-on-steel lockup. The bolt was operated by gases vented from the front of the barrel directly into a cylinder created in the bolt carrier with the bolt itself acting as a piston. Traditional rifles located this cylinder and piston close to the gas vent. The stock and grips were made of a fiberglass-reinforced plastic shell over a rigid foam plastic core. The flash suppressor was fabricated from titanium. Over Stoner's vehement objections, various experimental composite and 'Sullaloy' aluminum barrels were fitted to some AR-10 prototypes by Armalite's president, George Sullivan. The Sullaloy barrel was made entirely of heat-treated aluminum, while the composite barrels used aluminum extruded over a thin stainless steel liner.
Meanwhile the layout of the gun itself was also somewhat different. Previous designs generally placed the sights directly on the barrel, using a bend in the stock to align the sights at eye level while transferring the recoil down to the shoulder. This meant that the gun tended to rise when fired making it very difficult to control during fully-automatic fire. The ArmaLite team used a solution previously used on weapons such as the German FG42 and Johnson light machine gun; they located the barrel in line with the stock, well below eye level, and raised the sights to eye level. The rear sight was built into a carrying handle over the receiver.
The AR-10 was a very advanced design for its time. Despite being over two pounds (900 g) lighter than the competition, it offered significantly greater accuracy and recoil control. Two prototype rifles were delivered to the U.S. Army's Springfield Armory for testing late in 1956. At this time, the U.S. armed forces were already two years into a service rifle evaluation program, and the AR-10 was a newcomer with respect to older, more fully-developed designs. Over Stoner's continued objections, George Sullivan had insisted that both prototypes be fitted with composite aluminum/steel barrels. Shortly after a composite barrel burst on one prototype in 1957, the AR-10 was rejected. The AR-10 was later produced by a Dutch firm, Artillerie Inrichtingen, and saw limited but successful military service with several foreign nations.
In 1957, a copy of Gustafson's funding request from 1955 found its way into the hands of General Willard Wyman, commander of the U.S. Continental Army Command (CONARC). He immediately put together a team to develop a .22 caliber (5.6 mm) weapon for testing. Their finalized request called for a select-fire weapon of 6 pounds (2.7 kg) when loaded with 20 rounds of ammunition. The bullet had to penetrate a standard U.S. steel helmet, body armor, or a 0.135 inch (3.4 mm) steel plate and retain a velocity in excess of the speed of sound at 500 yards (460 m), while equaling or exceeding the "wounding" ability of the .30 Carbine.
Having seen the AR-10 in an earlier demonstration, and impressed by its performance, Wyman personally suggested that ArmaLite enter a weapon for testing using a 5.56mm cartridge. Stoner was working on a newer version of the AR-10 but others at the company took up the challenge. Their first design, using conventional layout and wooden furniture, proved to be too light. When combined with a conventional stock, recoil was excessive in fully automatic fire. Their second design was simply a scaled-down AR-10, and immediately proved much more controllable. Winchester entered a design based loosely on their M1 Carbine, and Earle Harvey of Springfield attempted to enter a design, but was overruled by his superiors at Springfield, who refused to divert resources from the T44.
In the end, ArmaLite's AR-15 really had no competition. The lighter round allowed the rifle to be scaled down, and was smaller and lighter than the previous AR-10. The AR-15 weighed only around 5.5 pounds (2.27 kg) empty, and 6 pounds (2.73 kg) with a loaded (20 round magazine).
During testing in March 1958, rainwater caused the barrels of both the ArmaLite and Winchester rifles to burst, causing the Army to once again press for a larger round, this time at .258 inch (6.55 mm). Nevertheless, they suggested continued testing for cold-weather suitability in Alaska. Stoner was later asked to fly in to replace several parts, and when he arrived he found the rifles had been improperly reassembled. When he returned he was surprised to learn that they too had rejected the design even before he had arrived, their report also endorsed the .258 inch (6.55 mm) round. After reading these reports, General Maxwell Taylor became dead-set against the design, and pressed for continued production of the M14.
Not all the reports were negative. In a series of mock-combat situations testing the AR-15, M14 and AK-47, the Army found that the AR-15's small size and light weight allowed it to be brought to bear much more quickly, just as CONARC had suggested. Their final conclusion was that an 8-man team equipped with the AR-15 would have the same firepower as a current 11-man team armed with the M14. They also found that the AR-15, as tested, was more reliable than the M14, suffering fewer stoppages and jams in tests where thousands of rounds were fired.
At this point, Fairchild had spent $1.45 million in development expenses, and wished to divest itself of its small-arms business. Fairchild sold production rights for the AR-15 to Colt Firearms in December 1959, for only $75,000 cash and a 4.5% royalty on subsequent sales. In 1960, ArmaLite was reorganized, and Stoner left the company.
Curtis LeMay viewed a demonstration of the AR-15 in July 1960. He immediately ordered 8,500 for defense at Strategic Air Command airbases, later rescinded by Defense Secretary Robert McNamara. Colt Industries also approached the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), who bought 1,000 rifles for use by South Vietnamese troops in the early summer of 1962. American special operations units and advisors working with the South Vietnamese troops filed battlefield reports lavishly praising the AR-15 and the stopping effectiveness of the 5.56mm cartridge, and pressed for its adoption.
U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara now had two conflicting views: the ARPA report favoring the AR-15 and the Pentagon's position on the M14. Even President John F. Kennedy expressed concern, so McNamara ordered Secretary of the Army Cyrus Vance to test the M14, the AR-15 and the AK-47. The Army's test report stated only the M14 was suitable for Army use, but Vance wondered about the impartiality of those conducting the tests. He ordered the Army Inspector General to investigate the testing methods used, who reported that the testers showed undue favor to the M14.
Secretary Robert McNamara ordered a halt to M14 production in January 1964, after receiving reports that M14 production was insufficient to meet the needs of the armed forces. Secretary McNamara had long been a proponent of weapons program consolidation among the armed services. At the time, the AR-15 was the only rifle that could remotely fufill a requirement of a 'universal' infantry weapon for issue to all services. McNamara ordered the weapon
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�resi
BİSMİLLAHİRREHMANİRREHÎM
- ELHEMDU LİLLAHİ REBBİL ĚLEMÎN
- ERREHMANİRREHÎM
- MALİKİ YEWMİDDÎN
- İYYAKE NE’BUDU WE İYYAKE NESTEÎN
- İHDİNE’Ŝ-ŜİRAŤ-EL MUSTEĶÎM
-ŜİRAŤELLEŹÎNE EN’ĚMTE ĚLEYHİM ĠEYRİL MEĠŻUBİ ĚLEYHİM WELEŻŻÂLLÎN
Tercümesi:
- Rahman ve Rahim Allah’ın adıyla.
- Hamd, alemlerin Rabbi Allah’adır.
- (O) Rahman ve Rahimdir.
- Cezâ ve mükâfat gününün sahibidir.
- Yalnız Sana ibadet ederiz ve yalnız Senden yardım dileriz.
- Bizi doğru yola hidayet et.
- Nimet verdiğin kimselerin yoluna; (onlar) ki ne kendilerine gazap edilmiştir ve ne de sapmışlardır.
İhlas Sûresi
BİSMİLLAHİRREHMANİRREHİM.
- ĶUL HUWELLAHU EHED.
- ELLAH-UŜ ŜEMED.
- LEM YELİD WE LEM YÛLED.
- WE LEM YEKUN LEHU KUFUWEN EHED.
4- Fatiha ve sure okunduktan sonra (FIG 3)'te olduğu gibi rükua gidilerek “SUBHANE RABBİYEL ĚŽÎM-İ WE Bİ-HAMDİH” (Yüce Rabbim münezzehtir ve O’na hamd ederim) veya en az üç defa “SUBHANELLAH” (Allah münezzehtir) söylenilir.
Daha sonra (FIG 2)'de olduğu gibi doğrulup ayakta durarak, secdeye gitmeden önce “SEMİĚLLAH-U Lİ-MEN HAMİDEH” (Yani: Allah, O’na hamd edenin senasını kabul buyursun,) zikri okunur.
5- Rükudan sonra secdeye varılır ve yedi uzuv (alın, el içleri, diz kapakları ve ayakların baş parmakları) (FIG 5)'te olduğu gibi yere bırakıldıktan sonra “SUBHANE RABBİYEL Ě’LA WE Bİ-HAMDİH” (Her şeyden yüce olan Rabbim münezzehtir ve O’na hamd ederim) zikri veya en az üç defa “SUBHANELLAH” (Allah münezzehtir) söylenir.
Daha sonra (FIG 6)'da olduğu gibi başı secdeden kaldırarak oturulur.
6- İkinci secdeye gidilerek birinci secdede söylenenler tekrarlanır. (FIG 5) ve (FIG 6)
7- Birinci rekatın ikinci secdesinden sonra ayağa kalkıp Fatiha ve bir sure okunur, daha sonra (FIG 4)'te olduğu gibi kunut tutulur.
Kunut Duası
Kunut, namazın ikinci rekatında, rükua gitmeden önce yerine getirilmesi önemle vurgulanan müstehaplardandır.
Namaz kılan kunutta Allah’ı zikrederek dünya ve ahiretle ilgili istek ve hacetlerini dile getirip dua eder ve Yüce Allah’tan günahlarının bağışlanmasını diler; kunutta mümin kardeşler hakkında her türlü hayır dua da bulunabilir ve özellikle kunutta Kur’an-i Kerim’de yer alan veya Peygamber ve Ehl- Beyt İmamlarından nakledilen duaları okuyabilir.
Örneğin şu dualar kunutta okunabilir:
"RABBENA LA TUZİĠ ĶULÛBENA BA’DE İŹ HEDEYTENA WE HEB LENA MİN LEDUNKE RAHMETEN İNNEKE ENTEL WEHHAB"
(Âl-i İmran-8)
Tercümesi: Rabbimiz, bizi doğru yola hidayet ettikten sonra kalplerimizi saptırma ve kendi katından bize rahmet bağışla şüphe yok ki sen fazlasıyla bağışta bulunansın.
Veya:
"RABBENA ATİNA FİDDUNYA HASENETEN
WE FİL AĤİRET-İ HASENETEN
WE ĶİNA ĚZABEN-NAR"
(Bakara-201)
Tercümesi: Rabbimiz dünyada da bize iyilik ve güzellik ver; ahirette de iyilik ve güzellik ver ve bizi ateşin azabından koru.
8- Kunuttan sonra birinci rekatta olduğu gibi rükua gidilir ve peşinden iki secde yapılır. İki secdeden sonra oturulur ve teşehhüt okunur (FIG 6); teşehhüt şöyledir:
EŞHEDU EN LA İLAHE İLLELLAH WEHDEHÛ LA ŞERÎKE LEH WE EŞHEDU ENNE MUHAMMEDEN ĚBDUHU WE RASÛLUH
ALLAHUMME ŜALLİ ĚLA MUHAMMEDİN WE ÂL-İ MUHAMMED.
9- Kıldığı namaz iki rekatlı namaz ise teşehhütten sonra, namazın selamı okunarak namaz bitirilir (FIG 7); ama kıldığı namaz üç veya dört rekatlı namaz ise ayağa kalkılır ve üç defa tesbihat-ı arbea okunur.
Tesbihat-ı arbaa şöyledir:
“SUBHANELLAHİ WELHAMDU LİLLAHİ
WE LA İLAHE İLLELLAHU WELLAHU EKBER”
10- Tesbihattan sonra rükua gidilir ve iki secde yapılır. Daha sonra dördüncü rekat için ayağa kalkılır ve üçüncü rekattaki ameller aynen tekrarlanır. Sonra teşehhüt için oturulur ve teşehhüt okunduktan sonra namazın selamı okunur. Selam şöyledir:
“ES-SELAMU ĚLEYKE EYYUHENNEBİYYU WE RAHMETULLAHİ WE BEREKATUH ES-SELAMU ĚLEYNA WE ĚLA İBADİLLAH-İŜ ŜALİHÎN.” “ES-SELAMU ĚLEYKUM WE RAHMETULLAHİ WE BEREKATUH.”
Namazdan Sonra Okunan Dualar
İnsanın, namazdan sonra bir süre Allah’ı zikretmesi, dua okuması, Kur’an okuması müstehaptır. Buna namazın takibatı denir. Namazlardan sonra müstehap olan en önemli takiblerden biri “Hz. Fatıma’nın tesbihatı” diye bilinen şu zikirlerdir:
34 defa ELLAH-U EKBER,
33 defa ELHAMDULİLLAH
ve 33 defa SUBHANELLAH.
İmam Ali Aleyhisselam bir cemaatın önünden geçerken, cemaat ayağa kalkıp acele ederek ona doğru geldiler. Hz. Ali Aleyhisselam : «Bana gelen cemaat kimlerdir?» diye sorunca: «Senin şiandanız ey Müminlerin Emiri!» dediler. Hz. Ali onlara: «Hoş geldiniz» dedikten sonra buyurdular ki: «Ey yanıma gelen kimseler! Bana ne oluyor ki şiamın alametini ve bizi seven dostumuzun süsünü sizde göremiyorum». Utandıklarından dolayı sustular. Hz. Ali Aleyhisselam ile beraber olanlar, ona « Sizinle Ehl-i Beyt’i şereflendiren ve sizi insanlar arasından methetmekle tahsis edip size bu nimeti veren zatın aşkına şianızın vasıflarını bize bildiriniz»
Hz. Ali buyurdular ki: “Şiamız, Allahu Teala’yı sıfatıyla bihakkın tanıyan, Allah’ın emirleriyle amel edenlerdir. Fazilet ehlidirler. Doğru konuşurlar. Yiyecekleri azık, giydikleri iktisatlıdır. Tevazu ile yolda yürürler. Allah'a olan itaatlarının çokluğundan cisimleri zayıflamış, yaptıkları ibadetle ona boyun eğmişlerdir. Allahın haram kıldığı şeyden gözlerini kapatmış, Allahı iyice tanımak için bütün hislerini seferber etmişlerdir. Dünyadan pervaları yoktur.
Esenlik zamanlarında nefsani arzuları ne ise bela ve meşakkat anında da aynıdır. Allahın kazasına razıdırlar. Allahın onlara tahdid eylediği ecel müddeti olmasaydı, bir an evvel Allaha ve nail olacakları sevaba kavuşmaları iştiyakından ve can yakıcı azaptan korktuklarından dolayı, gözün çılıp kapatıldığı zaman kadarınca bile ruhları bedenlerinde sabit kalmayacaktı. Bu kainatın yaratıcısı onların nazarında yücelmiş, başkası gözlerinin önünde küçülmüştür. Cennet bahsinde onlar, sanki cenneti gözüyle görüp koltuklarının üzerine yaslanmış gibidirler. Cehennem bahsinde ise sanki cehennem ateşini gözleriyle görüp onda azaplandırılan kimseler gibidirler. Dünyanın birkaç gününün eziyetine sabır edip öldükten sonra onlara hemen uzun bir esenlik gelir. Dünya onları arzuladı, onlar dünyayı istemediler. Dünya onları talep eyledi fakat onlar, dünyayı emelinden aciz bıraktılar. Geceleyin namazda dururlarken, ayaklarını yan yana getirip Kuran-ı Kerim’in cüzlerini güzelce yavaş yavaş okurlar. Kuran’daki misallerden öğüt alırlar, gösterdiği ilaçla maddi ve manevi hastalıklarını tedavi edip şifa dilerler. Arka arkaya secdeye kapanıp alınlarını, ayaklarını ve dizlerini, ayak uçlarını yere koyar, Allaha yalvarmaktan gözyaşları yanaklarına akar, durumlarını ıslah eden yüce Allah’a sena ederler. Onları azaptan azadetmesi için, yüksek sesle Allah’a dua ederler.
Geceki vasıfları böyle olup, gündüzleri ise onlar, hikmet sahibi, iyilik eden, alim ve takva ehilleridir. Onları yaratan Allahın korkusu, onları zayıflatmıştır. Onlar, çakmak taşı gibi ışığı içlerinde taşırlar. Onları hasta veya akılları oynamış zannedersin. Ama hakikatte öyle değillerdir. Belki Rabbi’nin azametinden ve saltanatının güçlülüğünden içlerin öyle bir şey karışmıştır ki, kalpleri hayrette kalmış, akılları her şeyden fariğ olmuştur. Bu durumlarından ayıldıklarında, hemen temiz ameller işlemekle Allaha doğru acele ederler. Allaha az ibadet etmeye razı olmaz, ona yaptıkları fazla ibadeti çok görmezler. Nefislerini töhmet altına alır, işledikleri amellerinin kabul olup olmayacağından korkarlar. Onları dininde kuvvetli, huyunda ihtiyatlı, imanında hakikatlı, ilim için hevesli, fıkıh ilminde zeki, ilmiyle beraber halim, niyet ve idaresinde azimli, zenginliğinde iktisatlı, fakirliğinde süslü, şafkatinde sabırlı, Allaha eylediği ibadetinde huşulu, kuvvetli ananda merhametli, doğru yolda malını sarfetmek için arzulu, kazançlarında suhuletli, helali kazanmakta istekli, hidayette neşeli, insani şehvete karşı ismetli görürsün.
Tanımadığı bir kimse, onu aldatamaz. Yaptığı amelinin hesabını terk etmez. Allaha yapılan amel hususunda kendini kusurlu ve geç kalmış sayar.
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کتهای خارج از قفسه مجهز میشدند در حالی که از قابها و دستبندهایی با کیفیت مشابه استفاده میکردند.
از لحاظ تاریخی، ساعتهای Tudor توسط Montres Tudor SA با استفاده از موتورهای عرضه شده توسط ETA SA تولید میشوند. از سال 2015، تودور شروع به تولید ساعت هایی با حرکات داخلی کرده است. اولین مدلی که با یک حرکت داخلی معرفی شد، پرچم شمالی تودور بود. به دنبال این، نسخه های به روز شده Tudor Pelagos و Tudor Heritage Black Bay نیز با کالیبر داخلی مجهز شده اند.
ساعت های تودور در اکثر کشورهای جهان به بازار عرضه و به فروش می رسد. Montres Tudor SA فروش ساعتهای با برند Tudor را در ایالات متحده در سال 2004 متوقف کرد، اما Tudor در تابستان 2013 به بازار ایالات متحده و در سال 2014 به بریتانیا بازگشت.
انتهای پیام变压器和调压器的区别如下：
1、变压器在电器设备和无线电路中,常用作升降电压、匹配阻抗,安全隔离等。
2、调压器由调压电路、控制电路、及伺服电机等组成,当输入电压或负载变化时,控制电路进行取样、比较、放大,然后驱动伺服电机转动,使调变压器碳刷的位置改变,通过自动调整线圈匝数比,从而保持输出电压的稳定。容量较大的稳压器,还采用电压补偿的原理工作。
3、两者都是变压器。所不同的是一般的变压器的输出电压是固定的。调压器有一个可以滑动的触点和一个环形的线圈,可以改变触点在环形线圈的位置,从而输出不同的电压。另一种是利用电子元件或继电器改就次级线组的不同抽头来调整电压的。
Copyright © 武强瑞嘉变压器配件有限公司 版权所有You are using
Serial.println() to send the message. That function will add the combination
\r\n as line ending to your message, which are the ASCII codes for return carriage and newline.
In your receiving code, you read until
\n, so your message now reads
"0\r", which is of course not equal to
"0". Thus the if condition will never trigger.
msg == '0' you are taking the first character out of the string and compare that to the character
'0' (especially note the difference between
"0", which is a string, and
'0', which is a single character). Since you are only using the first character of the string, the
\r is out of the picture; you aren't using it.
What to do now?
You could send your message only with the
\n character as line ending. For this only use
Serial.print() instead of
Serial.println() and add the line
Serial.print("\n"); directly after you send your message.
You could write your own read-until code and just ditch every occurrence of the
You can use
msg.trim() to remove any white space characters at the start or end of your string, including the
\r at the end. Then you can use the code, that you already wrote.
Note, that using
Strings on an Arduino is mostly considered evil. Especially if you want to use the code for a longer period or you are using
String very often. The memory for a
String is allocated dynamically, which can easily lead to heap fragmentation. For a better and longer explanation, look at The Evils of Arduino Strings, a blog entry from Majenko, who is one of our biggest contributors here.By David Dolan
One of the saddest, yet most predictable, features of any prolonged military conflict is an upsurge in diseases suffered by both military and civilian populations. Food shortages are another staple of intensive warfare. Therefore it came as little surprise when the United Nation's World Health Organization announced the end of last month that it can confirm medical reports from war ravaged Syria that the scourge of polio has been discovered in the Syrian population.
Outbreak Risk 'High'
Noting that tens of thousands of Syrians continue to pour out of their country every month, joining over a million others who previously became war refugees, the UN body warned that Polio is "a communicable disease, and with population movements it can travel to other areas, and so the risk is high of a spread across the region."
Officials in neighboring countries like Lebanon, Jordan and Israel were urged to prepare for the possibility that polio will spread to their territory.
The World Health Organization added that dozens of Syrian war refugees are dying every week from the effects of disease and starvation. Over 120,000 people have perished in the conflict.
- Syria Polio Outbreak: 13 Cases Confirmed as Origin of Disease Identified as Pakistan • IBTimes.co.uk
- 20 Million in Mideast to Get Polio Vaccine • New York Times
- Pakistani poliovirus spreads to five countries • The News International
- Threatwatch: Is Syria's polio a danger to Europe? • New Scientist
- How Did Pakistani Polio Enter Syria? • Commentary MagazineDon't be surprised if natural gas comes from your water bore.
From the NSW Chief Scientists Initial Report, section 10.3
The NSW Division of Resources and Energy collected water bore geochemistry data between 1995 and 2004, across the NSW Great Artisan Basin, prior to and away from current CSG activities. The results are available in NSW Bore Water Geochemistry Sampling and Analysis (1994 – 2004) (NSW Division of Resources and Energy, 2004). The data collected showed that of almost 300 bores sampled, over 90% emitted methane, around 60% and 30% emitted ethane and propane, respectively, and around 85% carbon dioxide. The methane emitted ranged from 3 ppm to more than 600,000 ppm, with the concentration varying according to localised geology and the shallowness of the coal. The emissions could have come from natural fractures or the intersection of the bores through coal seams and natural gas sands.Due to international rights agreements this video is not available at the moment or you appear to be outside the allowed countries
Gli inserimenti del cileno sono una costante minaccia per le difese avversarie e una potentissima arma per l'attacco della Juventus. Al Bentegodi è il palo della porta clivense a fermare il colpo di testa del centrocampista bianconero.
Accedi per aggiungere il video alla playlistAccediIn an attempt at consistency, the pronunciations in the Audio Shakespeare Pronunciation App are rendered into what is commonly referred to as “restored” or classical Latin. Many Latin words and phrases have entered the English language. Clearly, it is best to pronounce these in the manner with which the audience is most familiar. Thus, the letter c is always hard in classical Latin pronunciation. Names such as Caesar and Cicero should be pronounced as they are commonly sounded in English with the soft c.
These pronunciations reflect what is called “Anglicized” Latin. “Anglicized” Latin pronunciation was prevalent in Britain until the end of the 19th century. At that moment a movement arose to “restore” or codify Latin pronunciation. To complicate matters further, there is another form of pronunciation, church Latin. It is Italianate in style. Some may find the style to be appropriate for ecclesiastical references or greetings. The greatest problem with the classical pronunciation is the use of the w for the v. It produces the sounds of WAY-nee, WEE-dee, WEE-kee for Caesar’s famous quote “Veni, vidi, vici”. In this case, we have provided a pronunciation more common for American ears. It would be VAY-nee, VEE-dee and VEE-chee which is church Latin.
Readers should feel free, if they prefer, to use the v sound whenever the w sound appears. If a pronunciation is other than classical, we have indicated such in parentheses. We have included blunders and those instances where a character’s incorrect use of Latin suggests a pronunciation. In the words of A Dictionary of Latin Words and Phrases, “anything goes” in the pronunciation of Latin.Learning Challenge: Create a replacement part for a working piece of machinery at home using a 3D Printer to create the piece.
Background: The local Cricket Club, who have a close association with our school came to see us because they had a BBQ Knob that need replacement. Rather than replacing the entire BBQ they requested that we be able to manufacture a replacement part that would be functional and would allow them to continue using the BBQ without having to replace the entire BBQ.
Task: We had the original part and were able to make an accurate copy of it as a result. The students had to make detailed measurements of the replacement piece.
Level of Difficulty: Low/Moderate - as we had an original part we did not need to experiment with the measurements or the details. We simply used the existing measurements (so in this example the students did not carry out a written plan first, we were also on a restricted timetable).
|The replacement part, mounted on the BBQ next to the original piece.|
Issues: The students were able to complete this repair by the following day. The only issue came with the width of the internal gap to allow the knob to be connected to the BBQ. Students had to work out a way to identify the circumference of the internal gap and the depth of it. The gap also featured a sleeve which was metal as a heat protection feature. This sat inside knob.
Timeframe: The students were able to complete the task following a sample print run. Using Tinkercad they were able to produce a prototype the same day. It had to be corrected to allow for the internal gap to connect it to the BBQ. Once one had been printed and the students realised that the gap needed to be adjusted they were successfully able to do so. The second print worked.
|Above: The replacement piece in action|
Size: The finished product took approximately half an hour to print and measure 5cm by 5cm and had a depth of 5cm.
Process: The students had an original piece on which to base their designs. This meant that instead of creating an original piece they were replicating a replacement piece. We are going to pay close attention to the longterm success of the part - currently there is no apparent damage to the 3D Printed part as a result of the cooking process however overtime we need to continue to monitor this. We could look at manufacturing the inner sleeve to protect it if required, however at this stage it does not appear to be an issue. The fact that this worked and the students were able to turn it around so quickly was a strong bonus.
Problem Solving: Measurement - specifically in this instance the depth required from the internal part and the circumference of the internal circle. The concept seemed to be understood clearly by the students but the process involved proved a small stumbling block. While generic ones could be ordered online it allowed an opportunity to ensure we could design an individual piece that was tailor made for the BBQ.
How Can You Contribute:
Have you used a 3D Printer to repair something at home? Have you designed or repaired something at home that needs replacing and can you send us the details so we can share and use your examples to encourage others?ماهیت چک کیفری چک
به عنوان سند تجاری، که در قانون تجارت به آن اشاره شده است، همواره موضوع کیفری نبوده و چک کیفری تابع قواعد و مقررات خاصی است که آن را از یک سند تجاری صرف خارج می نماید. برای شناخت ماهیت کیفری چک، نخست ضروری است تعریف و مفهوم آن معلوم گردد.“(在圣十字教堂)开始和结束每一天都是一件特别的事情. 我在这里度过了四年的逾越节并且非常荣幸地装饰了墓志铭.”
“我参观了所有主要的东正教神学院，觉得圣十字是最适合我的地方.”
“我想从事国际贸易，一直憧憬着自己能进入一所大型大学, 但这是一个我不能错过的机会.”
“我在信仰学期的经历改变了我的一生……信仰学期是每个年轻的东正教基督徒都应该考虑的绝佳机会。.”
“我来参加周末的开放日活动，真的很喜欢这个地方的氛围. 学校在学术上和精神上为我们提供了很多东西. 你应该像我一样，亲自来看看.”
“我无法表达我有多爱这所学校. 我从来没有觉得自己属于任何地方——无论是在罗马尼亚，还是在希腊——但在这里，我终于找到了归属感.”
“我来到HCHC，是因为我内心渴望更深入、更个性化的教育经历.”
我是一名#HCHCSTUDENT，
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��状12天发病入院湖北，中国。患者被允许同时使用洛匹那韦，利托那韦，干扰素，和皮质类固醇的。主要终点为时间从随机化临床改善达28天，定义为时间（天）到的两个级别上的临床状态的六点顺序量表的下降（从1点=排出到6 =死亡）或放电从医院，以先到者为准活着。初步分析做ITT。死亡率没有改善。可能改善位时间为临床改善......虽然数据是很难解释的，因为他们使用这个古怪的顺序量表，这样从4升/ min的O2和住院去 - >符合出院标准（即使你留院）给出在改善相同的重量从通风在ICU->补充O2回事病房。他们是不一样的。最重要的是，数据显示，死亡率无差异
。在“改善”差异是如此的地图，他们在很大程度上是不可解释的了。
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然后，我们有另一项研究中，来自Gilead公司本身，与4月29日媒体发布的消息宣布：它是开放性，阶段3个简单的试验评估5日和10日在397例患者用药持续时间。底线：在5与10天无明显差异...除了多种副作用，用10天（5％对10％导致中止，p值= 0.07）。没有告诉我们并非如此。
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最后，它带给我的福西-比尔克斯王牌新闻发布，再次对4月29日（男孩，这是一个忙碌的一天为基列和我。！）：多么失望我就在这我无法用语言表达不够。这是看了一份新闻稿中宣布，该NIAID的DSMB（美国国立卫生研究院的27个研究所之一......我们有感染与免疫的CIHR协会）的数据，如在自适应正常审判，并得出结论认为位数time to clinical improvement (i.e moving 2 points on an ordinal scale) was 11 vs 15 days favouring remdesivir. Dr. Fauci referred to this as highly significant, emphasized that there were over 1000 patients enrolled … we then learn that the analysis has only been done on 600 patients. He then says that the data are so compelling that remdesivir now needs to be considered the “standard of care”—meaning that all patients enrolled in COVID-19 therapeutic trials should be receiving remdesivir. At to the nuttiness of all of this, but the endpoint of the trial was switched from mortality to median time to clinical improvement literally days before the DMSB analysed the data.
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上午我激怒了？绝对。该福西-比尔克斯 - 特朗普会议召开在椭圆形办公室，破坏了正在进行的临床试验，remdesivir作用的理性探索，并已严重影响中最重要的国家信誉和科学/医学专业知识的独立研究中世界。我现在想什么remdesivir的？我不知道。我们没有纸呢。这可能真的是有帮助的。或不。但樱桃采摘的结果，然后说这是调用它的关心和能够给我们答案了几个试验停止一个标准的理由让我怀疑这一切的独立性。 Gilead on the other hand … well their stocks went up … and then went right back down. So investors are starting to question that announcement just as much as people like me.
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在COVID-19的临床特点迄今最大的国际观察研究
- 从（第一）症状发作到住院的天数平均为11.7
- 从住院天数，以成果数量（死亡或出院），平均持续时间为8.7
- 用于无创通气平均数和中位数持续时间分别为2天，并0.5天
- 留在ICU / HDU的时间有一个平均为7.4天，5.5的中位数
- 平均数和中位数为机械通气时间分别为9.6天，9天
- 72.4％收到抗生素和抗病毒剂接收8.8％
国际严重急性呼吸系统和新发传染病协会（ISARIC）临床研究网络COVID-19报告的全球联盟：2020年4月27日。
为患者呼吸道更新管理准则与已知或可疑COVID-19感染（护理乔治科瓦奇的）
本文档很好的轮廓早期插管迹象：
- 显著低氧血症耐火非再呼吸面罩在流<与一种或多种下列物质联合15 LPM：
- 病人累人的临床症状：
- 呼吸困难;
- 呼吸急促与RR> 30-35（成人）;
- 心动过速;
- 搅动;
- 辅助呼吸肌使用;自相矛盾的胸部/收腹运动
- 恶化的PaO2 /的FiO2;增加二氧化碳分压;
- 快速进展性疾病轨迹或其他临床判断。
- 其他标准适应症气管指示，例如，故障保护气道或阻碍气道疾病，血液动力学不稳定，败血症，多器官衰竭。
对于已知或可疑的COVID-19感染患者气道管理指南3.7版
COVID-19戏法诊断和消毒的审查
http://www.emdocs.net/lung-ultrasound-in-covid-19/
罗氏公司COVID-19抗体试验获得FDA紧急使用授权，但许多问题仍然存在
https://www.roche.com/media/releases/med-cor-2020-05-03.htm
在最新概述FOAMcast，交叉反应性可导致假阳性和假阴性是常见的在疾病的早期。如果患病率是非常低的，然后检查结果呈阳性可能表明过去的感染，但免疫力仍是疑问。
赵Ĵ，袁强，王H，等人。到SARS-COV-2的抗体反应的新型冠状病毒病临床2019年传染病杂志的患者。2020年
这项研究建议使用相同的冠状病毒再感染在一年内是可能的。Outlet, occasioni, reparti, arte, architettura e fotografia, astrologia ed esoterismo.
Insieme agli amici e compagni di allenamento Tim Tackett e Jim Sewell fondò il Wednesday Night Group, attualmente ancora in attività.Rigorosa economia strutturale nell'attacco e nella difesa (attacco: arti avanzati vivi/difesa: mani che trafiggono).Lo scontro tra Bruce Lee e Wong Jak Man si ms office 2010 book in hindi rivelò un punto di svolta per lo sviluppo del Jeet Kune.2: il Tao del Kung Fu (2000 di Bruce Lee, Edizioni Mediterranee.«Io non ho inventato un nuovo stile, non ho composto né modificato ciò che si trova all'interno di distinte forme in "quel" metodo e in "quell'altro".È importante sottolineare che il processo di analisi dei vari stili combattimento è una fase prettamente precedente al 1967.
Il termine ufficiale fu scelto da Lee nel 1967 dopo un'intensa sessione di sparring con Dan Inosanto.II materiale raccolto in quest'opera rappresenta, in realtà, una sorta di diario segreto e di guida personale al combattimento, che.Isbn Tecniche di base di Bruce Lee -.Si aggrappa ancora alla resistenza del suo io limitante.Secondo Lee, infatti, gli insegnamenti proposti dai kata non potevano risultare efficaci nei combattimenti reali.Bruce Lee certificò personalmente quattro allievi : Taky Kimura, James Yimm Lee, Dan Inosanto e Ted Wong.Solitamente ci si riferisce a quest'arte sempre col nome di Jun Fan Gung fu, ma alcuni allievi preferiscono definire questo approccio combattivo col nome Oakland Jeet Kune Do, per via dell'introduzione di principi e tecniche che hanno in seguito portato alla nascita del Jeet Kune.4, «per cogliere l'essenza delle arti marziali occorrono intelligenza, lavoro assiduo e perfetta padronanza delle tecniche.Le tecniche di gamba sono sempre ispirate dai principi del pugilato e della scherma occidentale e in minor misura dalla Savate francese e dagli stili di kung fu della Cina del nord.Ma è utile anche osservare gli altri, i modi e la rapidità con cui agiscono e i loro lati deboli.چیپست اسنپدراگون ۸۴۵ که دو ماه از معرفی آن می گذرد هنوز به هیچ موبایلی را پیدا نکرده با این حال برخی منابع مدعی شده اند کوالکام کار روی چیپست بعدی را آغاز کرده است.
بر اساس گزارش PC Mag احتمالا چیپست جدید که اسنپدراگون ۸۵۰ نام دارد، در سال ۲۰۱۸ به بازار عرضه شود اما هدف اصلی آن نه موبایل های پرچمدار بلکه کامپیوترهای مبتنی بر معماری ARM با سیستم عامل ویندوز ۱۰ خواهد بود.
کوالکام معمولا در نام گذاری چیپست های جدید از مرتبه های ۵ تایی استفاده نمی کند برای مثال در سال های اخیر شاهد معرفی تراشه های ۸۲۰، ۸۳۵ و ۸۴۵ بوده ایم. با این حال این کمپانی برخی مواقع نسخه ای اصلاح شده از تراشه های خود را با یک یا دو رقم بالاتر عرضه می کند که از میان می توان به چیپست های ۸۲۱ و ۶۵۲ اشاره کرد که به ترتیب جایگزینی برای مدل های ۸۲۰ و ۶۵۰ بودند.
همین مساله باعث شده که اسنپدراگون ۸۵۰ در واقع نسخه بهینه شده ۸۴۵ برای کامپیوترها قلمداد شود. یکی از بهنیه سازی های احتمالی اسنپدراگون ۸۴۵ می تواند تعبیه مودم X50 کوالکام باشد که از قابلیت اتصال ۵G پشتیبانی می کند.
ترکیب اسنپدارگون ۸۴۵ و مودم X50 باعث افزایش س
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نویسندگان ایران اسلامی است و نه اصلا سیستم اصولی و درستی محسوب میشود.
وی با بیان اینکه بسیاری از انتشارات حتی پول چاپ کتاب را هم از نویسنده می گیرند چه برسد به اینکه به او دستمزدی هم بدهند، بیان کرد: هیچگاه در تاریخ ایران وضعیت نشر و اقتصاد آن به این شکل نبوده است که نشان میدهد دولت ها در این یکی دو دهه اخیر به صورت کلی اقتصاد حوزه نشر و فرهنگ را رها کردهاند و هیچ برنامهای هم در این زمینه دیده نمیشود.
کاهش تیراژ
این کارشناس حوزه نشر با بیان اینکه اگر نویسنده جوانی کتابی بخواهد منتشر کند برای ۲۰۰ نسخه باید بین هفت تا ۱۵ میلیون تومان به انتشارات بپردازد و وقتی کتاب منتشر شد آن هم در ۲۰۰ نسخه، ۵۰ نسخه را بگیرد و بفروشد! تاکید کرد: انتشارات چارهای ندارند زیرا هزینه های نشر کتاب در نمیآید و محبور به این کار هستند. امروز یک انتشارات در صورتی می تواند به نویسنده دستمزد بدهد که یک کتاب در ۲۰۰ نسخه منتشر و حداقل به چاپ چهارم برسد وگرنه هزینه نشر کتاب را هم نمی تواند در بیاورد.
عطایی با بیان اینکه انتشارات و نویسندگان با تصدی گری دولتی مخالف هستند اما دولت می تواند زیرساختها را برای اقتصاد نشر مهیا سازد، گفت: تهیه کاغذ، کاهش هزینه تولید کتاب و کاهش سخت گیری های بروکراسی می تواند از جمله کمک هایی باشد که دولت در حق انتشارات صورت دهد.
بیشتر بخوانید: نوسانات قیمت و مشکلات ناشران در قیمت گذاری
امروز بهترین کتاب ها تنها ۲۰۰ نسخه چاپ می شوند
وی با بیان اینکه هرگز در تاریخ ایران سابقه نداشته که یک نویسنده نه تنها برای کتاب دستمزد نگیرد بلکه پول هم بابت انتشار کتاب بدهد، افزود: انتشارات وقتی کتابی را منتشر می کند هیچ وقت نمی تواند به بازگشت پول خود مطمئن باشد چرا که در شرایط اقتصادی کنونی کتاب و انتشارات در زمره ۱۰ اولویت اول خانواده های ایرانی نیز نیست و لذا این شرایط را برای انتشارات دشوار می کند.
این کارشناس نشر گفت: کتاب در قیاس با اقلام دیگری مانند برنج، لبنیات و حتی نان در سال های اخیر رشد چندانی نداشته به نحوی که نهایتاً در این سه سال اخیر کتاب دو برابر شده است در حالی که سایر اقلام در همین بازه زمانی حداقل سه برابر شده است. اما مشکل اینجا است که اولویت های مردم تغییر کرده و این مشکلاتی را پدید را میآورد.
عطایی با بیان اینکه کتاب اگر در سبد خانوار بود می توانستیم امید به ارتقای اقتصاد انتشارات باشیم اما متاسفانه این موضوع رخ نمی دهد، ابراز کرد: بازار فروش مشکلی است که تقریباً تمام تولیدکنندگان با آن روبرو هستند و اقتصاد نشر هم از این قاعده مستثنی نیست. امروز انتشارات حتی از نویسندگان پول هم می گیرند به جای اینکه به آنها پول دهند چرا که نمیتوانند هزینه چاپ را متقبل شوند و این ابتدای راه فروپاشی سیستم نشر کشور است چرا که دیگر کسی کتاب چاپ نخواهد کرد.
وی افزود: از سوی دیگر مشکل اینجا است که نویسندگان باید پول بدهند تا کتاب شان منتشر شود و این راه را برای سوء استفاده هم باز میکند و هر کس که پول بدهد برایش کتاب چاپ میکنند کما اینکه برخی کتاب های شعر که مضحک هستند، نمود بارز همین امر محسوب میشوند. البته انتشارات نیز این توجیه را دارد که باید هزینه هایش را جبران کند اما به نظر میرسد در این صورت کسی کتاب هم دیگر نخواهد خواند و لذا از این بابت است که میگوییم این بدترین شرایط حاکم بر نشر کشور در سال های اخیر است.|A really charming tin toy this one. We like it a lot!The monkey is articulated, and when you set the feet to a particular combination of numbers, shown along the bottom of the tin, say '4' and '9', the 'Educated Monkey' multiplies them together and comes up with the answer '36' - as shown in the picture.Any combination of numbers from 1 to 12 can be multipied together, and although you can't point both feet to the same number, eg to multiply '5' by '5', there is a 'square' function, to allow you to work out 5 squared. So all in all, you can calculate anything from the '1' times table to the '12' times table, although you can't enter any number bigger than 12.This is a modern reproduction of a toy that was patented in 1916 by William Robertson of Belmont, Ohio. The original toy was manufactured in the US, and the antique versions are now quite expensive.Why is he called Consul? Well, a film producer called Charles Urban made a movie in 1909 called 'Consul Crosses the Atlantic'. Consul was a trained monkey of the time, well known in England and Europe. The 1909 film records Consul's first visit to the USA. So we would guess that this gave Mr Robertson the idea to call his calculating monkey 'Consul'.The base is about 14 x 15 cm, and there is a little wire stand at the back, so you can stand the toy up like a picture frame if you want. Consul comes in a presentation box. Who could fail to be charmed by this one?Lab made hormone may reveal secret lives of plants
A new synthetic hormone promises to tease apart the many different roles of the plant hormone auxin and could lead to a new way to ripen fruit.
By developing a synthetic version of the plant hormone auxin and an engineered receptor to recognize it, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Investigator Keiko Torii and colleagues are poised to uncover plants' inner workings.
The new work, described January 22, 2018, in the journal Nature Chemical Biology, is "a transformative tool to understand plant growth and development," says Torii, a plant biologist at the University of Washington. That understanding may have big agricultural implications, raising the possibility, for instance, of a new way to ripen strawberries and tomatoes.
To plants, the hormone auxin is king. Among many other jobs, auxin helps sunflowers track sunlight, roots grow downward, and fruits ripen.
The research team at the University of Washington created a new way to study plants' responses to auxin by designing a lab-made version of the hormone that can be precisely controlled with their system, up and running, the researchers tested a long-standing question in plant biology. Scientists knew that germinating seedlings use auxin to grow quickly. But the identity of the exact receptor that allows this process to happen wasn't settled.
Other fundamental scientific questions can be addressed with this system, Torii says, such as auxin's role in corn ripening and in opening the stomata, the structures that let plants breathe.
One day, synthetic auxin might even find a place in agriculture. Auxin is currently sprayed on fruits to hasten ripening. But in high concentrations, the hormone can act as a plant-killing herbicide. Fruits engineered to carry the synthetic receptor could be ripened with the synthetic auxin hormone, Torii says, eliminating the need to spray auxin indiscriminately. But, she cautions, much more testing needs to be done before a synthetic hormone system can be used for growing food., an Italian inventor, proved the feasibility of radio communication. He sent and received his first radio signal in Italy in 1895. At first spark gap transmitters were used, transmitting in every direction at once, and detectable everywhere within range. There was one channel, more or less, worldwide.
Tunable circuits then were used. This meant that different bands were opened up, the bands used for FM, AM, LW etc were independently licensed off to the different broadcasters and users of the spectrum. There were thousands of channels worldwide, and millions of satisfied users. These bands
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和生活。我们的任务就是抓住地貌,的精神,我们的模型的灵魂,无论物体或生物。影响!影响!但他们只是生命的事故,不是生活本身。趴下继续我的例子手不只是一只手臂,这手臂的身体;不,它表达了和继续一个想法,必须抓住并呈现。
超自然的光芒在他的眼睛,抽搐,似乎一定阻力的影响,让这个概念如此令人信服的,年轻人的想象力是彻底征服。老人工作,他说:“在那里,看!这就是你把黄油,年轻人!来,小笔触,热身这些冰冷的容颜!现在,在那里,像这样!”他咕哝着说,创建一个感性光芒的地方,他一定枯燥无味)指出的那样,废除与几块颜色差异的感觉,恢复所需的统一音调图的一个热心的埃及妇女。”你看,我的孩子,只有最后的刷。我做了一个。没有人会感谢我们的下面。记住!””最后这恶魔阻止,和转向Porbus和普桑站在以钦佩的说不出话来,解决了他们:“这是我凯瑟琳Lescault,仍然没有匹配但是你可以把你的名字这样的事。他离她近了一步。“那你在泡什么汤？““她亲切地笑了。“蔬菜汤。”“他的下半身因需要而抽搐。
“事情并不总是像看上去的那样，德莱尼。”她研究他很长时间，然后转向厨房。他跟着，当她走在他前面时，他尽量不去注意那件衣服的柔软面料是如何紧抱着她的臀部的。“你想把蔬菜切碎做汤吗？““他听到一声响时，脑子里一闪一闪。他以为他听到她说话了，但不确定。“事情并不总是像看上去的那样，德莱尼。”她研究他很长时间，然后转向厨房。他跟着，当她走在他前面时，他尽量不去注意那件衣服的柔软面料是如何紧抱着她的臀部的。
他读完信后，本继续盯着最后一页的底部，好像期待着更多的话语出现。有一段时间，他一直是这样的，房间中央一个盘腿的身影，不确定如何进行。奇怪的是，他本能地还希望对父亲的过去一无所知，顽固地拒绝抓住真理。这个年轻人正在经历深刻的情感,激起了所有伟大的艺术家的心,'(青年和他们的爱的艺术,他们的方法一个天才的人或站在的杰作。在人类所有的感情,是第一次开花结果的一种高尚的热情逐渐消退,直到幸福只不过是一种记忆,荣耀一个谎言。在这样的脆弱的情绪,没有所以就像爱艺术家第一次痛苦的青春激情,美味的折磨将他的命运的荣耀和悲哀,激情充满勇气和恐惧,模糊的希望和不可避免的挫折。
当提琴手敲响他的第一个音符时，伊丽莎白带着一身引人注目的缎子走了进来。她的微笑随着每一步的增长而增长，直到最后她到达他的身边。我的爱，我的贝丝。布朗牧师说了一句问候话，并对婚姻提出了一些严肃的想法。杰克昨天在吉布森夫妇的婚礼上听见了他们的话，但还是认真地听着。然后牧师抬起头问，“这桩婚姻有什么障碍吗？“““没有，“杰克坚定地说，产生婚姻协议。她的黑发是顶王冠，她头上高高地堆满了珍珠。但是正是她的微笑吸引了他，把她固定在适当的位置，直到她到达他的身边。“LordBuchanan“她歪着下巴说，“我想知道你能否陪我去客厅。”“他朝她笑了笑。“很高兴。”“杰克立刻注意到她长袍上飘来的薰衣草香味和她步伐的敏捷。
他又和她一起经历了一些他以前从未经历过的事情，他知道他们分居时永远也找不到和平。在他余下的日子里，她永远是一个难以忘怀的记忆。过去跟女人上床后，他会很快把她送走，然后淋浴，以消除缠绵的性的味道。但是他想要德莱尼的唯一地方就是她所在的地方，在他的怀里，他不想洗澡。事实上，他想在他们身体产生的性气味中窒息。他低头看着他们仍然紧紧地锁在一起，他们的肢体纠缠在一起，胳膊互相搂着，好像彼此被俘虏了一样，拒绝放手他伸出手来，抚摸着她脸上的一绺头发，想着她睡得多么安详。他怎么会想到他可以整天不和她做爱呢？？“汤和三明治听起来怎么样，贾马尔？““贾马尔吞了下去。他意志力储备不足，真可怜。他花了一盎司的时间才把目光从她的腿上移开，聚焦在她的脸上。“听起来不错，我想帮忙。”“她笑了。While doing your holiday shopping, have you ever wondered what toys your speech therapist would recommend? Hmmm…maybe not. But with just a little bit of forethought, Santa and his elves can be sure to deliver toys that are both fun and therapeutic for children with speech delay.
First, let’s talk about electronics, particularly tablets. I know, I know… They seem like a great option for children with speech delays. As with most things, though, the usefulness of the toy depends on the child. Electronic toys can be useful if they can capture the child’s attention and if the child is able to use it with another person. If a child becomes hyperfocused on one part of the toy/game, the child starts pushing/pulling away, or the game/toy no longer requires turn-taking, it’s not a great choice.
With many electronic games and toys, it can appear that your child is learning language skills because they can answer questions or follow directions in that app on the iPad. However, is your child really answering the question?
It’s important to be sure your child is actually learning.
When your child is playing with an electronic toy, check a few things:
- Is he putting the answer to a question in before the question has been stated? Some children memorize the order of the answers (for example, the child may think to himself, “for the first question I’m supposed to touch the second bubble on the left”) rather than learning the answers to the questions.
- Is he randomly guessing? Many children intuitively understand that if they just keep pushing buttons, eventually they’ll hit the right one. Rather than considering the question first, they may make many choices in rapid succession to get to the reinforcing reward for answering correctly.
- Does the “interactive” game provide the correct answer whether or not the child has tried to participate?
Remember: electronics can not replace human interaction.
Electronics can be helpful for children with speech delay as long as they are used appropriately. Following are a few tips for using electronics with your child:
- Use them to supplement teaching. If you have just worked on colors, try an app that focuses on colors.
- Take turns and add language (Oh, look! That one says jump! What animal jumps?). It is often best if the adult is holding the electronic (sometimes you may have to remove it from sight in between turns).
- Use it as a reward. (You did all of your work now you can play a game!)
- Limit the amount of time they can use the electronic device, and stick to it.
Non-electronic toys appropriate for your child will depend on his age and language levels. I love games that come in pieces, are interactive, and can work on a variety of skills. Here are a few of my favorites:
- Puzzles, piggy banks, and Little People sets are great to work on requesting, location concepts (on, in, out, off), and identifying and labeling.
- Books, especially interactive books, are great at working on identifying, labeling, two-word phrases, and targeting specific grammatical structures.
- With a farm set, you can work on animal noises, labeling, identifying, two-word (or more) phrases, location concepts, following one and two step directions, and answering simple questions.
- Blocks can be used for imitating sounds, imitating repetitive words, colors, counting, and actions.
- Mr. Potato Head can be used for identifying and labeling body parts, two word (or more) combinations, requests, answering questions, comparing, and personal pronouns.
- With Play-Doh you can work on making silly sounds, imitating actions, requesting, following directions, and vocabulary.
Many of the toys included above can do double-duty for children who have other delays, as well. For example, puzzles are useful for developing fine motor skills. Of course, not every possible toy is mentioned here, so use your best judgment, keeping in mind your child’s goals and the following questions:
Will I be able to interact with my child using this toy?
What skills can we work on while playing with this toy?
Will my child enjoy it?
We always want our kiddos to have fun with the materials that we choose. If they are not having fun with a toy, then they are not going to want to play with it. It is important to choose toys/games that you will be able to use to work on language skills, but it is more important that your child enjoys the activity. When they are enjoying themselves, they are likely to use more language. So go out there and find some cool, new, “speech therapist approved” toys that your child will love!
Merry Christmas and Happy Holidays!
Jessie Nelson Willis, M.Ed., CCC-SLP克韩：中资欲收买曼联股份 格雷泽家族求接盘
更新时间：2021-01-14
《周日泰晤士报》8月6日报道，中资想勾结曼联的局部股票。据中国资本勾结曼联股份的报道，关于格雷泽家族外部是否有人俱乐部股份发生分歧的谣言非常盛行，神秘的中国投资者现在正在购买曼联的局部股份。格雷泽家族目前在纽约交易所上市的曼联有80%左右的经济权益，《周日泰晤士报》的声音显示，中资买家目前正在探索勾结需求的是其他20%的独立国家股东。
据声音报道，为奥秘的中国投资者购买股票的股票经纪人多次联系了仅次于的独立国家股东，询问了对方销售的需求。这些联系现在还没有招募月会，但很多声音来源认为相当多的股票转售需求只是工夫成绩。关于格雷泽家族所拥有的股票，最近的谣言表明，杨家格雷泽去世后，他的6个孩子仍然控制着俱乐部的权利，但是这6个孩子现在对能否持续所有者的股票有分歧，兼任俱乐部双主席的乔尔格雷泽和阿夫拉姆格雷泽和乔尔一起兼任坦帕湾海盗队双主席的布莱恩格雷泽，反对持续所有者的股票，但其他3个孩子凯文、爱德华德和达西不打算出售，最多出售局部股票。
伦敦金融城的声音来源通报了《
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aggiungi la posta in gioco facendo fare un colpo ai perdenti.
L’unico modo sicuro per bere e guidare.
DDR
Non inciampare nemmeno. Puoi acquistare totalmente un paio di pad Dance Dance Revolution per la tua PlayStation per meno di $ 50.
Nessuna quantità di DDR ti insegnerà come effettivamente ballare.
PEG A FRIEND
Prendi una molletta di plastica o qualcosa di abbastanza leggero da poter agganciare ai vestiti di qualcuno.
Il PEGGER con il fermaglio deve attaccarlo segretamente al vestito o ai capelli di qualcuno senza che se ne accorgano.
Il PEGGER si allontana quindi da “PEGGY?” (La persona a cui era attaccata la clip) e inizia a contare molto forte da dieci.
Tutti gli altri partecipanti alla festa devono partecipare al conteggio mentre controllano freneticamente per vedere se sono stati scelti come pegging. Nessun giocatore può aiutare nessun altro giocatore.
Se il conteggio raggiunge lo zero e qualcuno ha ancora attaccato il piolo, deve prendere un colpo e diventare il nuovo PEGGER.
Se il peg viene rilevato e staccato prima che il conteggio raggiunga lo zero, il PEGGER dovrà continuare a tentare finché non ottengono qualcuno.
(Prendi tutto il tempo che vuoi tra un tentativo e l’altro. Aggiunge solo suspense al gioco.)
BIRRA DELLA BIRRA
Un classico è un classico è un classico.
Il beer pong è perfetto perché è eccellente sia per i partecipanti che per gli spettatori.
Sfortunatamente, si è sviluppata una reputazione in qualche modo ingiusta (seppur parzialmente meritata) per essere retrocessa alle feste della confraternita, ma in tutta l’attualità, è fantastica per tutte le età (21 e oltre ovviamente).
Possiamo attestare personalmente la sua grandezza come abbiamo visto molte nonne alzarsi al tavolo da biliardo birra.
Ecco le regole complete del beer table se hai vissuto in un armadio in un seminterrato sotto una roccia.
DRENK JENGA
È Jenga, eccetto che ogni blocco ti dà qualcosa da fare quando lo rimuovi dalla pila. Ci sono un sacco di versioni ma questa è piuttosto buona.
Ecco un elenco completo delle idee di Jenga ubriaco Drunk Jenga
IL QUESTION GAME
Questo è semplice e super utile. I giocatori a turno fanno una domanda al gruppo e tutti danno la loro risposta insieme a qualsiasi storia di accompagnamento per spiegare la loro risposta. Ci sono solo tre regole.
👉 Consigliato per te: Temi di feste di compleanno
Nessuna domanda noiosa.
Non puoi fare domande che sono già state poste.
Devi rispondere sinceramente.
Non è proprio un gioco dato che non c’è nessun altro obiettivo oltre al divertimento, ma è perfetto per incontri rilassanti, serate di single o in qualsiasi momento le persone sono in giro con un drink durante una festa e vogliono qualcosa di divertente da fare.
PARTITE
Questo è un gioco singolo che puoi giocare ogni volta che vuoi scattare in gruppo.
Ottieni occhiali per tutti quelli che vogliono giocare. Posiziona una ‘X’ sotto due degli occhiali con un pennarello cancellabile (o qualsiasi cosa tu abbia a portata di mano).
Ognuno prende gli scatti insieme e poi guarda sotto gli occhiali.
Le due persone con le “X” sotto i loro colpi devono baciarsi o prendere un altro colpo come punizione per la loro insolenza.
DRENK DRANK DRUNK
Bere Drank Drunk è divertente in una scatola. Prendi un mazzo e inizia a giocare.
Esistono cinque diversi tipi di carte: Azione, Speciale, Regola, Debolezza e Potere.
C’è anche un sacco di diverse modalità di gioco incorporate per provare a tenere i tuoi ospiti sulla punta dei piedi.
LA PISCINA IMMERSA
L’inizio perfetto per qualsiasi festa in piscina. Gettare oggetti casuali nella parte inferiore di una piscina prima che i tuoi ospiti arrivino.
Metti un numero in un cappello (o in una nave moderna) per ogni ospite, poi chiedi loro di estrarli uno alla volta per determinare l’ordine di gioco.
📖 Consigliato per te: Cheers to the Governor | Regole & come giocare
Ogni ospite riceve un’immersione per inventare un singolo oggetto. Possono rimanere bassi quanto vogliono, ma qualunque cosa abbiano quando vengono in aria (anche se non è nulla) è ciò che ottengono.
Crea alcuni dei premi per gli oggetti e il resto di essi. Ad esempio, puoi lanciare tre carte nella riserva come oggetti.
Uno di questi può essere una carta regalo, e gli altri due possono essere carte che dicono “porti vergogna sulla tua famiglia” o qualunque cosa tu voglia.
PROTEGGERE CHE EGG
Ogni ospite riceve un uovo quando entra nella festa. L’uovo che rimane intatto alla fine della festa ottiene un premio. La gente probabilmente berrà. Fai i conti.
Questo gioco è divertente perché probabilmente chiameranno le loro uova e inizieranno a trattarle come persone reali. Puoi anche lasciare alcuni indicatori in modo che le persone possano disegnare facce sulle loro uova e vestirle.
TOSSINI DELL’UVA
Questo è il gioco all’aperto perfetto. Rompere tutti in squadre di due. UN CATCHER e un TOSSER.
Inizia ogni squadra a 5 piedi di distanza. I TOSSER devono gettare un chicco d’uva nella bocca del CATCHER.
I TOSSER devono rimanere dietro la linea di partenza, ma i CATCHER possono spostarsi dalla posizione di partenza solo dopo che l’uva è stata lanciata in aria.
Ogni squadra ottiene tre lanci a quella distanza per fare una presa. Una volta che tutte le squadre hanno fatto i loro tre lanci o fatto una presa, quelli che hanno saltato tutti e tre sono eliminati, e le squadre rimanenti si separano l’una dall’altra di un metro e mezzo.
Questo continua fino a tutto, ma una squadra (i vincitori) è stata eliminata.
Se c’è un pareggio perché più di una squadra sbaglia tutti e tre i lanci alla stessa distanza, ogni lato ottiene un ulteriore lancio fino a quando la cravatta non viene interrotta. Se la prossima distanza di lancio è fatta da più di una squadra, le squadre rimanenti tornano indietro di un metro e continuano con un’altra serie di tre lanci a quella distanza.
UN PARTITO DI CALCIO
Impostare due tabelle. Metti delle grandi ciotole ad un’estremità di ciascun tavolo, proprio sotto il bordo di uno sgabello o di una sedia.
Potrebbe essere necessario mettere alcuni libri o riviste sotto le ciotole per averli all’altezza giusta. Vuoi che il bordo della ciotola si riposi proprio sotto il bordo del tavolo.
Puoi persino creare dei pali con due bottiglie di soda da 2 litri sul tavolo che indicano dove sono i bordi della ciotola.
Due giocatori ricevono entrambi i ventilatori di festa (o le corna di partito) e si accovacciano dietro il tavolo di fronte alle ciotole. Dare ad ogni giocatore una scorta di palline da ping pong.
🤓 Consigliato per te: I migliori animali Sciarada idee per la tua festa
Quando il gioco inizia, i giocatori mettono le palline da ping pong sul tavolo di fronte a loro e cercano di colpire le palline da ping pong attraverso il tavolo tra i “pali della porta” e far atterrare le palline nella ciotola all’altra estremità.
Il primo giocatore che ottiene cinque palline nella ciotola vince, assicurarsi che qualcuno stia guardando e tenendo il conto in modo da poter annunciare quando qualcuno ha vinto poiché i giocatori potrebbero non essere in grado di vedere.
Puoi farlo anche in stile staffetta con due o più giocatori in una squadra, e se vuoi, puoi farcela, così i perdenti fanno un tentativo.
FLIP CUP
Un altro classico gioco da bere.
Due squadre di un numero uguale di giocatori stanno sui lati opposti di un tavolo che si fronteggiano.
Ogni persona riceve una tazza di plastica riempita con la stessa quantità di birra.
Quando il gioco inizia, la prima persona nella fila di ogni squadra deve bere il contenuto della sua tazza e poi posizionarlo con il lato destro in alto sul tavolo appeso un po ‘fuori bordo (per dare loro spazio per capovolgerlo).
Quindi, usando una sola mano (senza soffiare), i giocatori devono provare a capovolgere la coppa oltre 180 gradi con un solo movimento fino a quando non atterra a testa in giù.
Dopo ogni tentativo fallito, la coppa deve essere riportata alla posizione iniziale con il lato destro rivolto verso l’alto, ma i giocatori possono effettuare tutti i tentativi necessari per ottenerla.
👉 Consigliato per te: Gira la bottiglia (Il gioco dei baci): regole e app online
Una volta che un giocatore rovescia con successo la propria coppa capovolta, la prossima persona nella linea può iniziare a bere e ribaltare il proprio stile a staffetta.
La prima squadra a ottenere l’ultima persona nella loro linea per vincere e bere con successo la propria coppa vince.
Ulteriori regole Flip Cup
QUESTO SOFFIO
I giocatori devono saltare in aria un pallone, e quindi usare l’aria che esercita per far saltare una serie di tazze allineate lungo il bordo di un tavolo prima del loro avversario.
REGOLE DI MEDUSA
Questo è un altro gioco perfetto per iniziare una festa o pre-gioco.
Tutti siedono attorno a un tavolo circolare pieno di bicchierini contenenti vari alcolici (liquore, non anime).
Ognuno conta fino a tre e poi guarda qualcuno. Se la persona che stai guardando non ti sta guardando, sei al sicuro.
Se la persona che stai guardando ti sta guardando indietro, devi entrambi gridare “Medusa!” Mantenendo il contatto visivo e prendendo uno dei colpi dal tavolo.
Il gioco termina quando tutti i colpi sul tavolo sono finiti.
IL GIOCO POCKY
È come quella scena di Lady and the Tramp, solo con un trattamento giapponese che hai sempre mangiato solo se guardi gli anime.
Per prima cosa, hai bisogno di Pocky. Puoi averlo nel corridoio “asiatico” di quasi tutti i negozi di alimentari.
Entrambi i giocatori iniziano a mordicchiare contemporaneamente entrambe le estremità di una bacchetta di Pocky. Chi si ritira per primo perde e deve sparare.
FREEZE O DRINK
Questo gioco è perfetto per mantenere un tema in corsa durante una festa.
Una persona è designata come Signora o Sig. Congelamento. In qualsiasi momento durante la festa, quella persona può, beh … congelare.
Tutti devono seguire l’esempio. L’ultima persona da prendere deve fare un tentativo o sborsare una bottiglia di birra.
FLIP SIP O STRISCIA MODIFICATA
Questa è una versione aggiornata di un classico gioco di società di The Best Drinking Games.
Entra in circolo e chiedi al primo giocatore di lanciare una moneta. Chiedi alla persona a sinistra di indovinare che cosa è il lancio della moneta.
Se hanno ragione, prendono la moneta e lanciano la persona alla loro sinistra.
Se sbagliano, lancia di nuovo la moneta e falli indovinare di nuovo.
Continuate a farlo finché non lo fanno bene, oppure sbagliano tre volte di seguito.
Se la persona che indovina si prende bene al primo tentativo, ottiene la moneta e non ha conseguenze.
Se la persona che indovina si prende bene al secondo tentativo, la persona che lancia la falla deve fare qualsiasi domanda a cui l’incantatore deve rispondere sinceramente prima di ricevere la moneta
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ی وفق دادن سبک کار خودم با وایت برد، می تونم همه کارها رو باهاش انجام بدم. جالبه - سال 1997 ، همه مون آه و افغان سر داده بودیم که باید به جای اینکه راه حل سوال رو بغل دستش بنویسیم، باید سوال روی یه صفحه نمایش باشه و ما جواب رو روی برگه بنویسیم. همه مون متقاعد شده بودیم که بیش از حد کند خواهیم شد و این هرگز عملی نمی شه ... تا اینکه به اندازه کافی تمرین کردیم و فهمیدیم که چطور می تونیم تنظیمات مناسب رو انجام بدیم.
و حالا دوباره به همون زمان برگشتیم: دوباره می تونیم راه حل رو بغل دست سوال بنویسیم. چندین بار ، من یهو به خودم اومدم و دیدم که دارم زیادی می نویسم— من عادت داشتم قبل از شروع کار بر روی سوال ، یک معادله رو کامل رونویسی کنم ، ولی حالا می تونم وایت برد رو بلافاصله زیر معادله داده شده روی صفحه قرار بدم و کار رو از اونجا شروع کنم.
اریک قبل از آزمون با وایت برد تمرین نکرد و اون لحظه کار باهاش براش خیلی سخت بود، بنابراین تصمیم گرفت ببینه تا چه حد می تونه ریاضی رو ذهنی انجام بده. درسته : کل بخش کوانت رو بدون اینکه چیزی بنویسه انجام داد. (ایشون به من گفت که الان چند وقتیه که روی تجسم ذهنی کار می کنه (مثل یه وایت برد ذهنی) ، بنابراین از اون استفاده کرد. من هیچ وقت نمی تونم این کار رو بکنم ؛ ده دقیقه نشده می زنم زیر گریه و آزمون رو رها می کنم. دم اریک گرم!)
کمک واقعی من در اینجا همون چیزیه که قبلاً گفتم: شما باید قبل از ورود به آزمون، با وایت برد آنلاین تمرین کنید.
قسمت وربال جی مت آنلاین چطور بود؟
من در بخش وربال قوی تر هستم و هیچ مشکلی باهاش ندارم. دیگه تا اینجای کار به نحوه ی عملکرد همه چیز عادت کرده بودم و توی بخش وربال هم به اندازه ی کوانت نوشتنی ندارم بنابرین استفاده از وایت برد راحت تر بود. من در واقع فهمیدم برای RC تایپ کردن یادداشت هام از دستی نوشتن اونها سریعتر انجام می شه ، ولی در عین حال سریع تایپ می کنم و دستخطم هم واقعا نامرتبه. من معمولاً وربال رو زود تموم می کنم و این بار هم همین کار رو کردم.
همچنین تنظیم یه شبکه کوچک برای اینکه حواسم به حذف پاسخ هام باشه، کار رو آسون می کرد. من ABCDE رو چهار بار به صورت عمودی نوشتم و 9 سوال در هر شبکه انجام دادم (من این رو هم در ویدیو نشون خواهم داد). وایت برد با رفتن از یه بخش به بخش بعد سر جاش می موند و جوابهای من به بخش کوانت هنوز روش بود. من وایت برد رو قبل از بخش وربال کاملا پاک کردم. من موقع انجام یه متن RC مجبور بودم کمی جای وایت برد رو تغییر بدم ، اما غیر از اون ، وایت برد برای وربال خوب بود.
مشکل اصلی که من داشتم این بود که بین کوانت و کلامی هیچ وقتِ استراحتی نبود. با گذشت زمان ، من گردن و شونه هام درد گرفت و فهمیدم دلیلش این بود که بیش از یک ساعت بود که بدون حرکت به صفحه لپ تاپ خیره شده بودم . مجبور شدم گردن و شونه هام رو ماساژ بدم و سرم رو چند بار بچرخونم.
من همچنین اشکالی رو تجربه کردم که در نسخه ی خودمون از وایت برد آنلاین هم اونو دیده بودم: گاهی اوقات ، ابزار text box طوری تنظیم می شه که فقط یه کلمه در هر خط قرار می گیره و شما یه ستون بلند از متن رو دریافت می کنید. اگر این اتفاق افتاد، گزینه enter رو نزنید! بذارید text box باز بمونه و فقط اندازه اون رو تغییر بدید - اون رو به سمت راست بکشید. این وقتی از نسخه ی خودمون استفاده می کردم زیاد برای من اتفاق افتاد اما در نسخه ی واقعی فقط سه چهار بار اینطور شد. حالا نمی دونم من در آزمون اصلی خوش شانس بودم، یا اینکه ورژن ما به دلایلی ناپایدارتره.
قسمت Integrated Reasoning در جی مت آنلاین چطور بود؟
صفحه ای اومد که می گفت IR بخش بعدیه. همچنین گفته شد که می تونم 5 دقیقه بعد از خواندن دستورالعمل IR یک استراحت اختیاری داشته باشم. در پایین این صفحه می گفت برای شروع بخش IR بر روی Next کلیک کنید ، بنابراین من این کار رو نکردم ، چون می خواستم ابتدا استراحت رو انجام بدم ... اما مطمئن نبودم که باید چه کار کنم.
من روی دکمه چت کلیک کردم تا با مراقب تماس بگیرم. حدود 15 ثانیه صبر کردم تا کسی جواب بده – همون شخصی نبود که در ابتدا به من کمک کرده بود. من فقط برای گفتگو با این شخص دوم از چت استفاده کردم. پرسیدم آیا می تونم از پشت میزم بلند بشم تا استراحت کنم و ایشون به من اجازه داد. در حالی که من در حال گپ زدن با او بودم ، دیدم که صفحه تغییر و شروع به شمارش معکوس 1 دقیقه کرد.
من اون رو به طور کامل نخوندم چون جعبه چت باز بود و جلوش رو گرفته بود ، اما دیدم که می گه برای استراحت کلیک کنید. من فرض می کنم که ، اگر در اون یک دقیقه کلیک نمی کردم ، به صورت خودکار به بخش IR می رفت. بنابراین حالا می دونید: می تونید بر روی اول
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واست دارد چنانچه تجربه، نقد و بررسی و یا پیشنهادی درباره عطر و ادکلن جی پارلیس مای گرل GEPARLYS MY GIRL دارید آن را در قسمت نقد و بررسی ثبت نموده و در صورت رضایت از محصول، این صفحه را با دوستان و آشنایان خود به اشتراک بگذارید.
فروشگاه اینترنتی عطر و ادکلن ارشاکو عطر و ادکلن جی پارلیس مای گرل زنانه GEPARLYS MY GIRL را با قیمت مناسب برای شما مهیا نموده است تا از خرید عطر زنانه اصل با قیمت مناسب لذت ببرید.Final week, on-line schooling startup Coursera added twelve new college companions and raised an additional $6 million, bringing their venture funding to over $22 million. Academic visits for science college students do not come more inspirational than a visit to the European Organisation for Nuclear Research at CERN in Switzerland. The centre’s use of scientific devices – together with the huge particle accelerators and detectors – literally deliver science off the pages of a text e book and into the true world. Students on a visit to CERN can watch cutting-edge scientific exploration and experimentation create ends in entrance of their eyes.
Buffets are extremely popular with people right this moment, as a result of, it gives plenty of food selection at an inexpensive value. Folks with massive appetites can feed themselves with out waiting for their food to be served. Particularly households with children, that is usually an important level when eating out. Buffets are undoubtedly a nice eating alternative to traditional restaurants, as a result of people can get the foods they need in the portions they like. People can create their own dishes with extra meat, much less greens and fewer aspect dishes, plus creating salads with appealing substances that they get pleasure from. Buffets offer folks the chance to attempt new kinds of food that they would not order off a menu in a restaurant.
As well as the tour students can visit the new S’Cool LAB, a Physics Schooling Research facility the place your pupils could have the chance to participate in particle physics experiments for actual analysis initiatives. The institute will encourage college students to make their very own discoveries, as well as giving them the arrogance to work scientifically and to interact with members of the scientific community.
For individuals to start reading and make it a habit, they have to grasp why reading is essential to them. Studying needs to be driven by a need, and then and only then will they make the time to do so. Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) and different profitable folks perceive this, and that is why they learn with goal, and skim books that make them suppose.
Increased education also called graduate training differs from primary college. The course of examine is far more formidable, more interesting and college students are extra decided and focused. Those that lack self-self-discipline shortly fall by the wayside; those that stand nonetheless can kind friendships and develop the knowledge that may last a lifetime. Networking is based on the experience of the teacher; college students make skilled contacts with colleagues, academics and specialists of their field. The truth is, the social advantages of training are a nice surprise and aid assistance to college students who earn their levels on-line.
A study by the Institute for Policy Studies and United for a Fair Financial system indicates that, in 2007, CEOs in the United States took house an average of $10.5 million, 344 occasions the take-dwelling for typical American workers Thirty years …Şirinler ve KomünizmŞirinler yıllardır Komünizm propagandası yapmakla suçlanmış ABD`de ve İtalya`da bir dönem gösterimi yasaklanmıştır. Bunun nedeni para olmadan komünal bir yaşam sürmeleri Şirin baba`nın Karl Marx`a benzemesi ve kızıl şapka giymesidir. Herkes kendi işini yapıyordur ve mutludur. Herkes aynı şeyi giyiyordur. Çizgi filmdeki Şirinlerin düşmanı Gargamel papaz cübbesi giyer ve dini sembolize eder, altın ve para düşkünüdür (kapitalizm) ve onları yeme (misyonerlik) gibi pek çok gizli unsur bulundurduğu iddia edilmiştir.
Şirinlerin temsil ettiği çok farklı unsurlar da vardır. Örneğin; Şirine feminizmi, Süslü eşcinselliği, Güçlü şirin maço erkeği temsil eder.
kategori -->La sensazione più deliziosa al mondo è essere se stessi e, allo stesso tempo, sentirsi a proprio agio perché ogni persona è unica e bella a modo suo.
La storia di questa ragazza ci ha ispirato e abbiamo deciso di condividerla con voi.
Nyakim è nata in Etiopia, e la sua famiglia si è trasferita in un campo profughi in Kenya prima di volare negli Stati Uniti.
A scuola veniva costantemente bullizzata a causa del suo colore della pelle insolito. I compagni le dicevano: “Sei così nera, vai a fare una doccia”.
A un certo punto, la ragazza era così stanca di tutte le battute e le prese in giro che aveva persino contemplato il ricorso allo sbiancamento della pelle.
Tuttavia, è stata dissuasa dalla sua sorella, che ha dimostrato a Nyakim che era speciale e molto bella.
Nel tempo, la ragazza non solo ha imparato ad accettarsi per come è, ma ha trasformato la sua pelle scura in una caratteristica che l’ha aiutata a diventare una modella.
Ha 806.000 seguaci sulla sua pagina Instagram che semplicemente l’adorano.
Nyakim Gatwech ha collaborato con marchi come Calvin Klein, L’Oréal, Fashion Nova, Cosmopolitan e altri.
Ha dimostrato a tutti che l’amore per se stessi è fondamentale ed è diventata un esempio per molti.Dog's Cole, Perennial Mercury
Scientific Name: Mercurialis perennis L.
Family: Spurge family (Euphorbiaceae)
The shade- and chalk-loving plant is found in Central Europe, Eurasia, North Africa and the Mediterranean in deciduous woods and scrub rich in herbs.
Dog's Mercury contains saponins, bitter compounds, acrid compounds and essential oil.
Although the whole plant is considered mildly poisonous, particularly at the time of fruit ripening, there are no reports of poisoning in humans. In animals ingestion of large quantities can lead to kidney and liver damage. Symptoms are loss of appetite, crooked position of the neck, apathy and reddish-blue discoloration of the urine.
In the spring, Dog's Mercury is one of the first plants to break through the dark earth in damp, shady beech woods and river valley woodlands and turn its still pale green stems towards the light. As the above-ground parts of the plant grow from the creeping, knotty rootstock, Dog's Mercury always grows in patches. It prefers sites that have water running through them. The small unobtrusive flowers of the dioecious plant are yellowish green in color and appear from April to May. As with all dioecious plants, the male and female flowers are on separate plants. The entire plant is already preformed in the earth, even the leaves and flowers. As soon as the bent stem begins to unfold, this "spiritual plan" appears to fill increasingly with life and the plant's material form is realized. To begin with the leaves nestle close to the four sided stem of the young, compact plant. Later, with increasing extension, the serrated, lance-shaped leaves develop and display their shiny blue-green blades.
Dog's Mercury was already used in Hippocratic medicine in the fifth and fourth centuries BC. It was used for a long time to treat menstrual complaints and other women's diseases. In the herbals of the Middle Ages use of the tea was recommended for dropsy, constipation, bronchial catarrh, loss of appetite, rheumatism and gout. In homeopathy the essence is sometimes used for rheumatic complaints. In traditional medicine a tea made from the fresh plant was popular as laxative and diuretic. The fresh plant is no longer used for these indications today because of its highly irritant action.
In the Mediterranean the plant was associated with Mercury, the god of healing, hence both its common and its scientific name. The north Teutons also valued Dog's Mercury highly and dedicated it to the Norse god Wotan/Odin. In the Middle Ages Dog's Mercury was used in witches' ointments. According to an old formulation, these contained the following nine herbs: poppy, vervain, mercury, houseleek, wall rue, heliotrop, dog's mercury, deadly nightshade and monkshood.
A further special feature is the color behavior of Dog's Mercury. The constituent hermidine is converted into a blue, red or brown dye, depending on how it is processed. While its elimination colors the urine red, the plant parts turn blue when dried. On account of this deep blue color, Dog's Mercury was also regarded as indigo in the past. Dog's Mercury also develops a slightly unpleasant odor on drying.
The plant from another perspective
The mercurial nature of the plant is expressed in its rhythmic-leafy structure and saponin formation. As mediator, Mercury links the dark and the light, the liquid and the aerial, the terrestrial and the cosmic. In its branching growth Dog's Mercury surrenders itself entirely to the terrestrial forces while the succulent, luxuriant leaf growth is an expression of powerful ethereal forces which unfold and give form in the aqueous. On the material level the saponins keep everything in the balance and have a harmonizing effect. Water is an important part of the life element of Dog's Mercury, it finds its expression in the luxuriant leaf growth and is the mediator between the terrestrial and aerial. Without water - without a center - the plant cannot survive. If the sun becomes too strong it dries out and disintegrates so completely that it might never have existed.
In WALA medicines, the characteristic "sulfuric" note of Dog's Mercury, found in all members of the spurge family and effective in inflammation, plays an important role. Dog's Mercury is therefore used particularly where there are acute to chronic inflammatory processes, for example in painful, edematous weeping changes in the anal region or in suppurating, poorly healing wounds and eczema.
The plant in our products
In mid-March, when the thin, pale green Dog's Mercury stems have unfolded between the bare trunks of the beech trees and the plants are just about to flower, the WALA employees set out to gather the plant.
Dog's Mercury completes the composition of Dr. Hauschka Clarifying Intensive Treatment (age 25+).
WALA medicines can be obtained from any pharmacy."英雄勇猛，智量宽洪，自古帝王都不及这朝天子。一条杆棍等身齐，打四百座军营都姓赵。那天子扫清寰宇，荡静中原，国号大宋，建都汴梁。"这一段话是《水浒传》中对赵匡胤的描写。
虽然有着大拍马屁的嫌疑，但却实实在在说出来赵匡胤所用的兵器是棍。棍这种兵器也是有很多种类了，那么赵匡胤用的是什么棍呢？小编在《喻世明言》里找到了答案，《喻世明言》里有一篇文章叫做《赵匡胤千里送京娘》。
文中说到，那个时候赵匡胤还之后是一个年轻的后生，被人叫做"赵大郎"。他在清油观等叔叔赵景清的时候，发现清油观里居然锁着一名叫赵京娘的女子。她本是京城人士，被强人掳掠来后暂放于此。L’attività della farmacia subirà un calo dei profitti nei prossimi anni e, se ciò accade, la farmacia della comunità locale sarà in grado di rimanere in attività?
Sembra che i profitti aziendali per i proprietari di farmacie vengano attaccati da ogni angolazione? Hai letto gli articoli che dettagliano questi punti:
• I rimborsi per le forniture di test per diabetici sono in fase di riduzione.
• Per i pazienti che hanno prescrizioni mensili ricorrenti, il governo sta spingendo il pubblico ad acquistare per corrispondenza invece di visitare la farmacia locale.
• I moltiplicatori utilizzati per calcolare i rimborsi per Medicaid dovrebbero essere inferiori ai costi effettivi del proprietario della farmacia.
• Le tariffe di dispensazione regolate da molte agenzie statali vengono ridotte.
• Il prezzo medio all’ingrosso (AWP) pagato ai drugstore viene ridotto.
L’Health and Human Services (HHS) del governo federale negozia i tassi di rimborso della farmacia per i piani di prescrizione di farmaci. Molti stati potrebbero impiegare più tempo per fornire i rimborsi. Altre leggi federali e statali possono influire sia sui profitti che sulla fattibilità della permanenza in attività. Ci sono anche questioni relative a tasse personali più elevate e tasse sulle plusvalenze più elevate che devono essere considerate.
Nel corso degli anni sono già state vendute molte farmacie indipendenti. Questi proprietari se ne sono andati e non stanno cercando di rilevare la concorrenza locale. Ci sono
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on chips” to create devices with hollow channels less than a pencil lead wide (less than a mm wide), that have two channels with a membrane between.
We are able to culture the cells from the tissue, and the cells from the blood vessel on opposite sides and we can perfuse it with life sustaining medium. If it’s the lung we could put air on top of the lung cells and we could recreate the physical environment - breathing motions in the lung, peristaltic like motions in the gut, which we find are absolutely critical for function. We do this either with cells from normal people, or from patients with diseases, or with IPS cells as you heard about earlier (Induced Pluripotent Stem cells), which we can induce to form specific organ types.
I think what’s unique about our models is because we have a blood vessel, we could really begin to study how drugs are distributed to and from each organ and we could link multiple organs by a common blood vessel channel to create what’s effectively a human body on chips. We have created over ten different organ chips so we really have a pretty good representation at this point.
Chris - So it’s a bit like what Hans is doing with his organoids except you’re making a smaller representation and, rather than an isolated miniature gut, you’ve actually got an isolated miniature gut, and a liver, and other organs and they can share a blood flow, if you like, which means you can then understand how these things would interact chemically and biochemically in the body?
Don - That’s right but there’s more to it in that what’s different is we’re inspired by nature, we’re not trying to rebuild it precisely. We put the cells in the right environment, give it the right physical environment, and let them undergo their own developmental process in our chips, just like they did in the embryo. So, for example, when we put the lining of your gut epithelial cells on our chips and we give them flow, and peristalsis like motions, they spontaneously form the villi (the fingerlike projections that you see in your gut), and you put the cells of your small airways, they spontaneously develop cilia and mucus and move the mucus at normal rates. It’s really quite amazing to see that the cells are programmed to undergo their own developmental protocol, if you give them the right physical microenvironment.
The other thing about the blood vessel is that we could put circulating immune cells through these chips and, therefore, study inflammation which is a major part of most diseases, if not all, and that’s something that’s very hard to do in organoids or any of these other systems.
Chris - So would you have then a dish which has got a miniature liver growing in it, and you would have a channel connecting that to all of the other organs that you’re modeling in their dishes, so they share a common blood supply, if you like?
Don - We don’t have any dishes - we have chips. The chips, as I said, have these little hollow channels. Each ones the size of a computer memory stick; they’re optically clear, made out of a flexible polymer so we can stretch it so that it can breath, like I was saying. But you have very high resolution, real time imaging, so you basically have a window on molecular scale behaviours inside cells, inside tissues in an organ level context.
We then transfer the liquid from one blood vessel channel chip to another. So, for example, we might have a drug that we put through the lumen of the gut chip, take the outflow of the blood vessel channel and move it to a liver chip, and a kidney chip, a bone marrow chip, and a blood-brain barrier chip, and a heart chip, and so on and so forth. We can transfer back and forth and we can actually, using computational modeling, we can begin to predict how drugs are distributed throughout the body, how they’re cleared, metabolised, and what’s known in the pharmaceutical industry as pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, which is you want to understand how to dose a drug, what concentration you should give to get it where you want. Then pharmacodynamics is the efficacy and potency of the drug with the goal being you might be able to test drugs on these chips and predict, extrapolate if you like, the results from the chips into what goes to start in a clinical trial in humans.
Chris - I suppose, at the moment, a lot of that work is being done in animals, which are not necessarily the best model in all cases for certain drugs to test and, therefore, if you have a more relevant way of modeling how these chemicals might behave, then that’s got to be a good thing?
Don - It’s exactly right. There are many examples where there are drugs that never had toxicity in animals and they went to the clinic and they had major toxicity and were pulled out. For example, we are able to mimic pulmonary thrombosis on chips and we see this with drugs that failed in clinical trials for that reason where they never saw it in animals.
We’re also able to mimic very complex diseases. We make chips with cells from human patients with COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), who are known to be very sensitive to exacerbation of disease by cigarette smoke. Then we developed a cigarette smoking robot, and it literally takes real cigarettes and puffs them and the smoke goes into the chip, and we recapitulate the phenotype seen in patients. They are much more sensitive to cigarette smoke in terms of inflammation and injury compared to normal chips.
Chris - Can you then look at knock on effects beyond just the lung because that’s the other interesting thing about smoking, is that it doesn’t just affect your lungs where the smoke goes. Every organ sees the chemical byproducts of smoking and, therefore, there are disease consequences for everything so can you see that?
Don - We haven’t looked at that yet but we can measure metabolites… we can easily do that by linking the chips together. But we have certainly looked at the effects of drugs on multiple linked organs. We’ve done eight so far linked with one drug and, actually, it was nicotine which you get with cigarette smoke so, in a sense, we have looked at that. I hadn’t even thought about it that way but we’re looking at nicotine which is one of the things that is absorbed and does affect the functionality of other organs. But that is the idea.
The other part of this is that you can imagine taking IPS cells that you heard earlier (the adult stem cells) from a group of patients who are genetically similar, and then developing a drug for that genetic subgroup. Then using that group for a small clinical trial which could greatly shortcut the whole process of drug development where now they usually do large groups, fail, have to search for a subgroup and, if they’re lucky, find it and do a small trial and then get approved. So this can really turn drug development upside down.
Chris - Still with me Katherine Brown from the journal Development. Katherine; what are your reactions to that?
Katherine - I think, again, this is really future looking work and what’s particularly exciting is that we can actually start to look at things in a systematic way. Look at multiple organs together and try and figure out what happens when you take a drug, which is probably intended to act on one particular cell, what’s happening to all those other cells, and whether there might be negative consequences.
The other thing I think is really exciting is that we can do this with human cells. Because so much of what we’ve done in the past, both from developmental biology and also when we’re looking at disease, is use animals as a proxy for this. And being able to look at humans from both of those perspectives, I think, is now really important and should really drive those fields forward.
Chris - The one thing that Don didn’t mention is whether or not he can model the microbiome because we’ve already heard in this programme we’ve heard a slew of new stories in recent weeks to years about the role that the microbes that live in us and on us play in helping the body to develop. Things like the blood-brain barrier and so on with this story about penicillin in pregnancy. I suppose one ought to consider also that there’s a lot more to development than just growing cells in a dish. There’s a three dimensional environment; there’s also a chemical environment and outside influences like Don was saying with stretching things, and so on.
Katherine - Absolutely, and that’s something that’s really important and really up and coming in the developmental biology field at the moment is our understanding that if stretch, or compress, or poke a tissue, that can actually change what happens to those cells. Similarly, those bacteria, we know they’re sitting on your gut lining, we know they're doing important things there, and we are actually beginning to understand they’re not just doing important things in the adult, but they’re doing important things in development in order to make your tissues what you need them to be.
Chris - Now I’m going to put you horribly on the spot now. Just with your horizon scanning, editorial hat on, what do you think are going to be the really big things up and coming in your field either this year, or in the next couple of years or so?
Katherine - As I’ve already said, I think the fact that we can use human cells to try and understand this is really exciting. I’m a developmental biologist and so one of the things I’m really interested in is what is it that makes humans different from other animals? One of the things that people are already starting to learn about, but we’re going to get much more in the next year or two is, for example, why is it the human brain is so much more bigger, and so much more complex than the mouse brain? What makes it grow big, what makes it fold, and what makes us able to do all the things we can do that other animals can’t?ARK OF NOAH.
The vessel occupied by Noah and his family during the Deluge (Gen. vi. 14, vii., viii.).
The English name should not be confounded with the Ark of the Covenant. The Hebrew name, , is the same as that of the chest in which the infant Moses was placed on the banks of the Nile. It was a box-like structure made of gopher-wood, a species of pine-tree not found in Babylonia, but brought, as was frequently done, from the Mediterranean coast land. It had three stories and a roof. In the parallel Babylonian flood-story no mention is made of the material; but in the main the descriptions agree. In either case the vessel was made water-tight with bitumen and provided with cells or rooms. The proportions, as given in Genesis, show regard for safety and rapid movement under steering. The huge dimensions of the Ark—300 cubits long, 50 cubits broad, and 30 cubits high—were never reached in the construction of ancient vessels, but would have been necessary for the accommodation of all the animals that survived the Deluge. It was really a great house set afloat, and was so called in the Babylonian version ("Flood Story," line 91). Its purpose, according to both accounts, was to accommodate Noah and his family and the animals of every kind that were to populate the earth after the waters subsided. In the Babylonian account the Ark rested on Mount Nisir, east of the Lower Zab river, therefore not far from the starting-point; and the high water lasted but a week. Noah's Ark, after tossing about for a year, rested in the highlands of Ararat or Armenia, and stories have been current at various times to the effect that remains of it had been found in that region, as; for example, in Josephus, "Ant." i. 3, § 6 (see Ararat and Flood). See Schrader, "Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament," i. 46-60.
One hundred and twenty years before the Deluge, Noah planted cedars from which he afterward made the Ark (Gen. R. xxx. 7; compare Christian parallels; Ginzberg, "Monatsschrift," xliii. 411). This lengthy period was requisite, partly in order to urge the sinful people to amend their ways, and partly to allow sufficient time for the erection of the Ark, which was of very large proportions. According to one view the Ark consisted of three hundred and sixty cells, each ten yards long by ten yards wide; according to another it consisted of nine hundred cells, each six yards long by six yards wide (Gen. R. xxxi. 11; compare commentaries on the passage for the exact mathematical computations). The lowest of thesestories was used as a depositary for refuse; in the second the human beings and the "clean" beasts were lodged, and the uppermost was reserved for the "unclean" beasts. A differing opinion reverses the order, so that the refuse was deposited in the third story, from which it was shoveled into the sea through a sort of trap-door (καταράκτης; Gen. R. l.c.). For purposes of illumination, Noah used precious stones, bright as the sun at noonday (Sanh. 108b; Yer. Pes. i. 27b; Gen. R. l.c.), which shone by night and were dull by day. The stones were the sole light in the Ark, since the stars and planets did not fulfil their functions during the Deluge (Gen. R. xxxiv. 11). Another miracle witnessed by the occupants of the Ark was the entrance of the animals. They were not led in by Noah, a task which would have been impossible for any human being; but God caused them, as well as the spirits of those whose bodies were yet uncreated, to gather there from all sides (Gen. R. xxxi. 13, xxxii. 8; Zeb. 116a; for Christian parallels see Ginzberg, "Monatsschrift," xliii. 414). Another Midrash says that the angels appointed over the various species of animals brought each his allotted animal with its necessary fodder (Pirḳe R. El. xxiii.). In regard to the feeding of the animals, the greater number of Haggadot say that each received suitable food at the usual time (Tan., ed. Buber, NoaḦ ii.; Gen. R. xxxi. 14); and since Noah was constantly employed in feeding them, he did not sleep for a moment during the year in the Ark. As Noah was an exception among his contemporaries, so also were the animals that were destined to be saved. They were the best of their species, and, unlike the other animals of the time, they remained true to their proper natures, without overstepping the limitations which nature had prescribed for them (TanḦuma, l.c. v.; Gen. R. xxviii. 8; Sanh. 108a). Besides the regular occupants, the Ark supported Og, king of Bashan, and the immense animal "Reëm," neither of whom, owing to their enormous size, could get into the Ark, but held fast to it, remaining alongside (Pirḳe R. El. xxiii.; Gen. R. xxxi. 13). In order that Noah on his entrance into the Ark might not be molested by the wicked people, lions and other wild animals were placed to guard it. A beam of the Ark was found by Sennacherib, and he made an idol of it (Sanh. 96a). Another beam of the Ark was used as the gallows for Haman, according to Midrash Abba Gorion, iv.; ed. Buber, 19a (see
Mohammed's conception of the Ark of Noah was of an ordinary ship. He refers to it frequently in speaking of Noah, and in all but two cases uses the word "fulk," which is elsewhere his usual word for a ship. In one passage (sura liv. 14) he calls it "a thing of boards and nails"; in another (xxix. 14), "safinah," which he also uses elsewhere of a ship.
There is, therefore, little Koranic material that need be considered under this rubric. A curious expression in the Koran (xi. 43), "And he said, 'Ride ye in it; in the Name of God it moves and stays,'" probably means only that at all times it was under the care of God. But some commentators (Baidawi, ad loc.) have thought the meaning to be that Noah said, "In the Name of God !" when he wished it to move, and the same when he wished it to stand still.
It is mentioned (xi. 46) that it settled on al-Judi. This name must go back to a flood-legend current among the Syrians of the east Tigris, in which the Ark settled on the mountains of Gordyæa. But in Moslem tradition this has become a specific mountain, lofty and long in shape, near the town called Jaz
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右舍都纷纷到张家祝贺。二人吃苦耐劳、好强，在农村过日子是把好手，这也正是农村最值得人们尊重的。
一向对迷信不屑一顾的夫妇俩为讨吉祥，花钱请算命先生给儿子取了个寄予他们希望的名字——张学功，学有功成，希望儿子学习用功，光宗耀祖。
为给儿子创造一个好的经济环境，原本就吃苦耐劳的夫妻干起活来更加卖命，一门心思为儿子将来跳出农家门槛上大学拼命挣钱。为此，夫妻二人宁愿整日辛劳，也决不让儿子受一点委屈，对儿子也总是有求必应。
在父母的溺爱中，儿子慢慢长大的同时，坏脾气也随之见长。他倔强任性，甚至有些飞扬跋扈。在学校经常惹是生非，欺负同学，偶有比他体格健壮的对手，吃了亏回家，张长达夫妇见到儿子身上有伤痕时，从不问明原由，立即带儿子找对方去争个理。
从此，受惯娇宠的儿子更是任性倔强、喜怒无常，打架斗殴成了家常便饭。他的成绩在班级最差，这让夫妻二人大失所望。夫妻俩决定给儿子转学，让儿子上济南一所自费的职专。
两年后，张学功毕业了，但两年的异地学习并没有“学有功成”，他变得更加懒惰了。
外出打工的他接而连三丧失一个又一个工作机会。别人打工多少总能挣点儿钱，而他不但赚不到钱，还经常因逞强好斗而被人打伤，每次都是伤痕累累一贫如洗地回到家。
看着为儿子苦心编织的美丽前程被儿子一次次打破，张长达夫妇只得面对现实。父母俩决定为儿子张学功娶妻，寄希望于未来的儿媳能管住儿子。
2004年为儿子张罗娶上了媳妇，夫妇俩希望儿子安心踏实地过日子。但张长达夫妇的希望却在现实中又一次变成了失望。
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ABD'nin Washington Post Gazetesi, İran ve Hizbullah'ın Hamas ile Suriye Hükümeti'nin arasındaki gerginliği sona erdirmek için arabuluculuk yaptığını bildirdi.
İran'ın Suriye ve Irak'la ilişkilerini güçlendirdiğini yazan gazete "Hamas ile Suriye arasında yürüttüğü arabuluculuk da başarılı olursa İran ve Hizbullah zayıflayan ilişki ağlarını yeniden güçlendirmiş olacak. Bu süreçte unutulmaması gereken şey, İran bir yandan bölgede İsrail ve ABD müttefiklerine karşı mücadelede bir destek bloğu da oluşturdu" ifadelerine yer verdi.
İran'ın ararabuluculuk sürecinin Hamas'taki başkan değişikliği ile beraber başladığını belirten gazete, bu sürecin Katar ile Türkiye'nin İran'la ilişkilerini iyileştirmesiyle paralel geliştiğine dikkat çekti.- Prayer and Worship
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The person is not only sacred but also social. How we organize our
society—in economics and politics, in law and policy—directly affects
human dignity and the capacity of individuals to grow in community. Marriage and the family are the central social institutions that must
be supported and strengthened, not undermined. We believe people have a
right and a duty to participate in society, seeking together the
common good and well-being of all, especially the poor and vulnerable.
It is not good for man to be alone
I am my brother’s and sister’s keeper.
What you own belongs to the Lord and is given for the good of all.
If you act justly with one another, God will dwell in the land.
Act justly, love kindness, walk humbly with God.
This is my commandment: love one another as I have loved you.
Life among the believers.
We are one body, individually members one of another.
Rouse one another to love and good works.
Our faith is dead if we ignore others in need.
1 Peter 4:8-11
Serve one another with the gifts you have received.
1 John 3:16-18
We ought to lay down our lives for one another.
1 John 4:19-21
Those who love God must love their brothers and sisters.
Economic and social policies as well as organization of the work world should be continually evaluated in light of their impact on the strength and stability of family life. The long-range future of this nation is intimately linked with the well-being of families, for the family is the most basic form of human community. Efficiency and competition in the marketplace must be moderated by greater concern for the way work schedules and compensation support or threaten the bonds between spouses and between parents and children. Economic Justice for All, #93
The first and fundamental structure for a "human ecology" is the family . . . founded on marriage, in which the mutual gift of self as husband and wife creates an environment in which children can be born and develop their potentialities, become aware of their dignity and prepare to face their unique and individual destiny. On the Hundredth Year (Centesimus Annus), #39
But God did not create man as a solitary, for from the beginning “male
and female he created them” (Gen. 1:27). Their companionship produces
the primary form of interpersonal communion. For by his innermost
nature man is a social being, and unless he relates himself to others
he can neither live nor develop his potential. The Church in the Modern World (Gaudium et Spes), #12
The nation's founders took daring steps to create structures of participation, mutual accountability, and widely distributed power to ensure the political rights and freedoms of all. We believe that similar steps are needed today to expand economic participation, broaden the sharing of economic power, and make economic decisions more accountable to the common good. Economic Justice for All, #297
In order that the right to development may be fulfilled by action: (a) people should not be hindered from attaining development in accordance with their own culture; (b) through mutual cooperation, all peoples should be able to become the principal architects of their own economic and social development. Justice in the World (Justica in Mundo), #71
The primary norm for determining the scope and limits of governmental intervention is the "principle of subsidiarity" cited above. This principle states that, in order to protect basic justice, government should undertake only those initiatives which exceed the capacities of individuals or private groups acting independently. Government should not replace or destroy smaller communities and individual initiative. Rather it should help them contribute more effectively to social well-being and supplement their activity when the demands of justice exceed their capacities. These does not mean, however, that the government that governs least, governs best. Rather it defines good government intervention as that which truly "helps" other social groups contribute to the common good by directing, urging, restraining, and regulating economic activity as "the occasion requires and necessity demands". Economic Justice for All, #124
Subsidiarity respects personal dignity by recognizing in the person a subject who is always capable of giving something to others. Charity in Truth (Caritas in Veritate), #57
In the Catholic Tradition, responsible citizenship is a virtue, and participation in political life is a moral obligation. This obligation is rooted in our baptismal commitment to follow Jesus Christ and to bear Christian witness in all we do. As the Catechism of the Catholic Church reminds us, ‘It is necessary that all participate, each according to his position and role, in promoting the common good. This obligation is inherent in the dignity of the human person. . . . As far as possible citizens should take an active part in public life’ (nos. 1913-1915). Forming Consciences for Faithful Citizenship, #13
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nor does it necessarily endorse, the website, its content, orMany bankers and economists have been looking at shadow banking in China. But what happens when debtors fail to pay their debts or challenge the lending arrangements? When parties to shadow lending end up in dispute resolution, it raises unique issues for the institutions that hear those cases.
What few outside of China have noticed is that shadow lending disputes account for an increasingly large proportion of civil cases in the Chinese courts and involve increasingly large amounts of money. The law on shadow lending is particularly unclear and fluid, causing uncertainty for debtors, lenders, and judges.
Government recognition of internet lending and peer-to-peer (P2P) lending, now at an early stage, likely means that many more shadow lending disputes are destined for the already stressed court system.
What are shadow banking disputes?
In China, shadow lending is most often called 民间借贷 or 民间贷款 (literally, private lending), and involves lending outside the formal banking system. One of the vice presidents of the Supreme People’s Court commented that this is not a legal term, and regulators and judicial authorities have different views of it.
Regulators consider loans made by persons or entities other than commercial banks to be “private lending,” even if they are made by microfinance companies and pawnshops, which have approval to make loans. A former China Banking Regulatory Commission official contacted in connection with this article commented that regulators want to stay far away from the messy complexities of private lending. Because debtors often default on these loans, the courts have become the regulator of last resort.
What institutions are hearing shadow banking disputes?
The greatest number of shadow banking disputes are heard by the Chinese courts and some of that data is set out below. An increasing number are heard by China’s arbitration institutions, but a loan agreement must have an arbitration clause to be heard by an arbitration institution (and it is more difficult to obtain accurate numbers for those disputes). The Shenzhen Court of International Arbitration, located in an area where many micro-credit companies are headquartered, found that about 10 percent of their 2014 caseload involved shadow banking disputes. Many more shadow banking disputes are heard by the local courts in Shenzhen.
Shadow Banking Disputes: The Data
It is not easy to obtain detailed national data on shadow banking disputes. According to President of the Supreme People’s Court (SPC) Zhou Qiang’s March 2015 report to the National People’s Congress, in 2014 Chinese courts heard over one million shadow banking disputes, accounting for 20 percent of all civil cases in the Chinese courts. Putting together that data with a more recently released report on data concerning civil and commercial cases, shadow banking disputes constituted about 60 percent of all loan disputes heard in the Chinese courts.
The chart to the left, compiled by the SPC, graphs the numbers of private lending cases, excluding those between companies (because it has considered them illegal), from 2008 through the first half of 2013, and total amounts in dispute.
At the provincial level, it is not possible to easily obtain a breakdown of the number of private lending cases because many of the yearly provincial court reports did not break out the number of private lending cases the courts receive from other civil cases. But there is data available for select provinces.
Zhejiang, nationally known for its active private business sector, led the way with 132,000 cases in 2014 (110,000 in 2013), of which about 15,000 were heard in the Wenzhou courts, with total amounts in dispute of over RMB 86.3. billion ($13.9 billion). The number of cases and the amounts of money in dispute are growing both in urban and rural areas.
A report by a Qingdao city court published at the end of last year noted that private lending cases accounted for about half of commercial cases and the amounts of disputes and complexity were escalating.
Data from Sichuan, contained in the two graphs below (both from People’s Court Newspaper, 人民法院报), show that both the number of private lending disputes and the amount of money involved have increased dramatically since 2008.
Legislation on Private Lending
Legislation on private lending is another headache for courts hearing private lending cases. The legislation has to be pieced together from multiple sources, because regulations on loans are only applicable to financial institutions. Moreover, the SPC’s policies on private lending have shifted. The SPC was originally hostile toward loan contracts between companies (upholding PBOC regulations on the subject), but more recently has started to change its position in the last two years, as the government has started to recognize P2P lending and internet lending.
In the areas of China where the private sector is strongest, there have been the most private lending disputes. To provide some certainty to local judges (and any of the local companies with legal counsel), those local courts (usually at a provincial level, such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu, but also Shenzhen) have issued lengthy guidance on and reports concerning these disputes. Still, the provincial courts are looking to the government and the SPC to provide more comprehensive guidance.
Issues With Shadow Banking Disputes
Private lending cases are fraught with legal issues for the judges trying to deal with these disputes.
The number one problem: finding the debtor. In China, the courts serve by process, but in many private lending cases, the defendant has disappeared, leaving the court to serve by notice. According to statistics from a Qingdao court, only about 20 percent of cases could be served directly. If the debtor is nowhere to be seen, settlement or mediation, which Chinese judges prefer as the best way to dispose of cases, is impossible.
Further complicating things, many private lending cases are based on IOUs or other sketchy evidence, or the loan was made in cash rather than by a bank transfer.
Once a case is decided, it’s hard to find assets with which to satisfy the judgment. In addition to the problem of absent debtors, there are many problems with the security for these loans. Very often, the mortgage or other security has not been registered, or the guarantor hasn’t provided contact details or is simply fraudulent.
There’s another level of complexity t
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約去。」
他是很嚴肅地跟我講的。我要回到紐約去——那個時候就有了這樣一個念頭。但是，那條路不知道有多長多遠。
1964年，成績優異的韓秀從北大附中畢業。因為家庭背景關係，她的高考試卷根本無人批改，直接被蓋上了「此生不宜錄取」的印章。
教導主任對她說，只要寫幾句話，和父親，和美國劃清界限，清華大學的校門就向她敞開著。
韓秀：我說，如果我不寫呢？ 她說，你不寫，今天下午你就去山西。我說，那我得回家打包了，我就走了。
我有一個很根深蒂固的想法：人不可以背叛你相信的東西。人如果開始背叛，將萬劫不復。我17歲就明白這是真理。你一旦開始，之後你就是一個傳聲筒，你就是他們的一個樣板，跟家庭劃清界限的樣板。你看看這些跟家庭劃清界限的樣板，在「文化大革命」當中的這些樣板們，今天他們是甚麼下場！他們如何能夠承受他們良心的譴責？我不知道。但是我不要那個。我就真的下鄉了。
山西農村三年，新疆兵團九年，韓秀的青春在日復一日的艱苦勞作和殘酷的政治鬥爭中度過。
韓秀：兵團在那裏沒幹甚麼好事，絕對沒幹甚麼好事。大力地破壞資源，比如說塔什拉瑪干大沙漠，周圍本來有千年的胡楊林，密密麻麻，等於是包住了塔什拉瑪干大沙漠，讓這個大沙漠不會再繼續擴大。新疆生產建設兵團農三師十萬人在那砍樹，砍十年，連根挖掉，所謂殖民戌邊。
生產建設兵團本來已經又苦又窮，一塌糊塗，生活水準在零下，就是這樣，他們也得搞運動，而且非常殘酷。集會，大家坐在小板凳上，他們就把人揪上去，當場打死。
21歲的我，看人當場被打死畢竟在心理上是一個不能接受的東西。所以我就想站起來，我想我是不是能夠溜出去？我旁邊的人馬上就說話了：「哦，你要走了，我可不給你帶板凳啊。」很大聲。
她這樣一說，後面民兵馬上就聽見了。民兵都是武裝民兵，手裏有槍的，拿著那個步槍，槍托直接照我頭上就招呼。我一下就倒下去了。兩個民兵一拖就把我丟到戈壁灘上。
這樣九死一生的經歷還有很多。但是，相比肉體和精神上的折磨，韓秀說，新疆帶給她最刻骨銘心的回憶，是維吾爾人對她的友善。
韓秀：他們說你從哪裏來？我說，我從西邊來。他們說，多遠的西邊？比麥加還往西嗎？我說，比麥加還往西。他們說，從西邊來的都是好的，從東邊來的都是不好的。
今天的新疆就更糟糕了。維吾爾人是千年以前從中東到新疆這個地方來的。曾經，那裏是綠洲啊！新疆兵團這些亂七八糟的事情已經把那些綠洲搞得都不見了，生活的環境已經非常惡劣了。然後你們還要欺負人家，還要人家放棄宗教信仰，還要人家相信那些你自己都不相信的東西！我是非常地同情，非常非常地同情在新疆的這些少數民族他們所遭受的一切。
70年代，中美關係進入轉折之年。1971年，美國總統國家安全事務助理基辛格秘密飛抵北京。1972年，尼克遜總統訪華。華盛頓和北京打破堅冰，開始商討邦交正常化。
韓秀從「敵台」的電波中偷偷聽到這些消息，然而這一切和遠在西北邊陲的她似乎還隔得很遙遠。
韓秀：尼克遜也好，基辛格也好，他們的飛機可能都曾飛越新疆，但是他們不會看見這底下有一個他們自己的人。兵團的各級領導覺得我反正大概就得死在那了。
在那些似乎永無止境，看不到光亮的日日夜夜裏，有那麼一個瞬間，回家的希望在韓秀面前閃過。
韓秀：我和維吾爾人曾經在中巴公路上收屍體。這中間有非常野蠻的工作，爆炸，死了很多年輕人，需要把屍體從巴基斯坦運到中國境內。
有那麼一個時刻，國境線就在那裏。那邊有一輛美國的推土機，因為美國在幫巴基斯坦修鐵路，上面有一面美國國旗，一面星條旗。
維吾爾人跟我說，那是你們自己人，你就走過去就好了。我們幫你走過去。我說，不可以啊，我憑甚麼說我是美國人？我的出生紙和護照都被紅衛兵抄走了，我拿甚麼來證明我是美國人呀？我說，不行，我還得再熬著。
就這樣熬到了1976年。 4月的一天，鄧小平辦公室出人意料地送來一紙文件。
韓秀：他們只給我看見那一條，上面剪掉了，下面也剪掉了。那一條上面幾個字，說「此人不宜留在新疆」。所以上面就跟我講，你準備走吧。
我說，好啊。我二話沒說。我的生活經驗已經多到足夠讓我絕對不會去問為甚麼。我有機會走，我還囉嗦甚麼？
30歲的韓秀回到闊別的北京，成為一家小服裝廠的女工。上班第一天，就趕上了唐山大地震。她為工廠忙裏忙外，工廠黨支部書記看在眼裏，問她有甚麼需要幫忙的。她想到了自己被紅衛兵抄走的出生紙和早已過期了的護照。
韓秀：他說：「紅衛兵把你家裏東西抄走了沒還？我去問。」他就真的去問了。公安局的人說，這東西我們有。紅衛兵看到這是外國的東西，就交給我們了。我們鎖在保險箱裏也十年了。
拿出來乾乾淨淨整整齊齊的，在塑膠口袋裏套著，就還給我了，還是當著黨支部書記的面就還給我了。我有了這個，那我就知道我該幹嘛了。
一條喇叭褲、一件瘦瘦小小的夾克，韓秀穿著自己縫製的行頭，去美國駐北京聯絡處探路。
韓秀：我先走到美聯處對門的一個非洲國家的大使館。走到那兒的時候，那個武警就笑了，說你一定走錯了，你大概迷路了。我說沒有沒有，我找得著路。從那兒到美聯處就是穿過馬路啊，所以我直接地就過去了，一下就站在那條白線上了。
你知道那條白線是甚麼意思？白線外面是中國，白線裏面是美國啊。我等著那武警開搶呢。他開槍我就倒到裏面去。我手裏頭就捏著我的護照和我的出生紙。我那時候根本沒想活著離開那個地方。
一輛車直接地衝到我面前。那是我們的領事萬樂山（Franklin P. Werdlaw）。他在車裏就看見了有一個人站在白線這兒，而且手裏頭拿著一本綠色的護照。綠色的護照是40年代的。他知道這個人絕對是美國公民。所以他的車子就一直開到我面前，從車子裏跳出來說，我可不可以看你手裏的文件。我說當然可以，我就給他看。
他打開一看，說我馬上進去叫人。他說你站在這，千萬不要動。他就衝進去，運氣要多好有多好，滕祖龍（Jerome C. Ogden）在裏面，我們的總領事。
美聯處僅用了六分鐘便確認了韓秀的公民身份。不過，她需要一個月後才能來這裏領取新護照。很快，「私闖美聯處」 的罪名就把韓秀的生活攪得天翻地覆。
韓秀：當天晚上警察就來了。公安局的，先在房頂上， 堵住各門口，然後進來搜。護照、出生紙、還有所有的美國外交官的名片全部都抄走了。
每天車間門口都有警察。車間裏的人都知道我出事了。車間裏還得派人監督我。有一天我在那做一
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hoppers, beetles, caterpillars, mice, voles, eggs, and small birds.
The striped skunk lives in open areas such as grasslands or thin forests in southern Canada, the United States, and northern Mexico. Their lifespan is up to seven years.
Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrel
The thirteen-lined ground squirrel, also known as the striped gopher, leopard ground squirrel or squinny is a species of rodent that inhabits grasslands and prairies of North America.
The name comes from the thirteen lines (sometimes broken into spots) alternating white and brown on the back and sides of these squirrels.
They usually measure about 170 to 297 mm in body length and weigh approximately 110 to 270 grams. Thirteen lined squirrels are diurnal and are especially active on warm days.
They are solitary and feed on grass, weed, seeds and insects. These include caterpillars, grasshoppers, and crickets. They will also feed on mice and shrews, although this is rare.
Townsend’s Big-Eared Bat
Townsend’s big-eared bat is a species of vesper bat found in Canada, Mexico and throughout the western regions of the United States.
They are medium-sized bats with extremely long and flexible ears which explain the common name. Their total body length is about 10 centimeters on average, with a tail of 5 cm and a wingspan of about 28 cm.
They require large cavities for roosting and are mainly found in abandoned buildings and mines, caves, and basal cavities of trees.
In winter, they hibernate in dwellings which can include rocky crevices, tunnels, and spaces under loose tree bark, among others.
Males are usually solitary, while females form maternity colonies, where they raise their pups.
Hibernation occurs in tightly packed clusters which helps to maintain body temperature in the colder temperatures. They feed almost exclusively on Lepidoptera, a species of moth.
The Uinta chipmunk can be found in eight states in North America based around the Great Basin in Utah. The Uinta chipmunk can be seen in Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Utah and Wyoming.
The Uinta chipmunk is a medium-sized chipmunk, with females slightly larger than males. They can weigh up to 74 grams with a length of 24 cm.
The Uinta chipmunk can be found in pine, Douglas fir or juniper habitats where they live on a diet of mainly fungus. The Uinta chipmunk is known to dig and this believed to be them looking for underground fungus.
They will also eat insects, bird eggs and seeds. Although they hibernate, they survive on food that they have stored rather than their body fat.
Uinta Ground Squirrel
The Uinta ground squirrel is also known as Potgu. They are a species of squirrel that is commonly found in the western regions of the United States.
The name comes from the Uinta Mountains, where they were first found. Today, they occupy areas of Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, and Utah.
They are medium-sized squirrels with a total body length averaging 28 to 30 cm and a body mass of approximately 210 grams.
They are characterized by brown or cinnamon pelage, with paler underparts with gray on the neck and the sides of the head. The tail also has a gray underside.
The Uinta ground squirrels are often found living in colonies, even though adults are particularly aggressive toward each other.
They mark their territories with scent glands, and go into hibernation between July and August and wake around March.
Utah Prairie Dog
The Utah prairie dog is between 30 to 36 cm in body length and weigh up to 1,400 grams.
The Utah prairie dog is a member of the squirrel family native to the central steppes of Utah.
They have a multicolored fur consisting of black, light brown and dark brown shades. Males are generally bigger than females.
The Utah prairie dogs construct burrows to protect themselves from predators and external temperatures. They are herbivores but occasionally they can feed on insects.
The vagrant shrew is a medium-sized species of shrew that can be found in the northwest region of the United States and Canada.
There are three subspecies of vagrant shrew recognized. They are reddish-brown with white underparts. Vagrant shrews observed in coastal regions are found to be darker. In winter their fur turns dark brown.
They measure about 10cm long including their tail with a weight up to 8g.
They are insectivores feeding mainly on spiders and worms. Due to their size they need to consume a lot of food and have been known to consume 160% of their own body weight per day.
They are prey to many larger animals including birds of prey and species of cat such as the bobcat.
The water shrew is a semiaquatic mammal found in the western regions of North America. They are also called the Pacific water shrew or the marsh shrew.
Water shrews are dark brown. They measure about 16 cm and weigh from 14.5 to 16 g.
The water shrew is an insectivore eating spiders, bugs, worms, centipedes, and termites. They live in forests and near water bodies such as marshes with a lifespan of about 18 months.
The water vole is the largest species of vole found in North America. They can be found in the northwestern regions of the United States and Canada.
They have fur that is gray-brown or red-brown. They are excellent swimmers that use their large hind feet to help them.
They do not hibernate and can be seen tunneling through snow to their burrows. They live in groups of up to 40 in burrows along the waters edge.
Water voles grow up to 27cm in length and weigh up to 180g.
They feed on vegetation including willows, seeds, grasses but will also feed on insects.
Western Harvest Mouse
The Western harvest mouse can be found in many habitats in North America including meadows, valleys, marshes and prairies. They can also live in sand dunes, deserts, shrublands, and clearings in forests.
The nest can be found under logs, bushes, weeds and grasses. Nests consist of a construction shaped like a sphere with one entrance.
Their diet consists of flowers, seeds, herbs and insects such as weevils, moth larvae and beetles. The Western harvest mouse does not hibernate but does put on body fat to get them through the colder winter conditions where they enter a state of torpor.
The Western harvest mouse is not territorial and many can live in one nest. This helps them to keep their body temperatures steady in winter.
The Western harvest mouse grows up to 140 mm long with a weight up to 15g.
Western Jumping Mouse
The Western jumping mouse has measurements ranging between 22 to 25 centimeters in length and weighs between 17-40 grams.
These mice might resemble the common mouse because of their dark fur. However, they are smaller and have longer legs.
In terms of diet, they are omnivorous spending most of their time during the summer building up the fat reserves to be used during their winter when they hibernate.
They like to live under dense grasslands or thick brushes, where they are more difficult to find by predators.
The Western pipistrelle, also known as the canyon bat is a species of vesper bat which is found in the western regions of the United States.
They are the smallest bat in the United States, with a wingspan of 190-215 mm and a body length of 62 to 80 mm. Usually, females tend to be slightly larger than males.
Their color ranges from white to yellow to dark brown. Their faces, ears, and feet are usually blackish. These bats are found in desert areas and lowlands.
During the day they use rock crevices as roosting sites, even if some might be found in buildings and the dense growth of sedge.
Western pipistrelles are usually the first bat out in the evening and the last bat to come back after sunrise. Their diet consists mainly of insects.
Western Red Bat
The desert red bat is also known as a western red bat or southwestern red bat.
They are a species found around North America. They live in a big area spanning from southern Canada to Central and South America, passing through the western regions of the United States.
These bats migrate to the southern areas when the temperature gets colder and to the north to escape the high temperatures.
Despite the name, these bats do not live in the desert. They are mainly found in forests, roosting under leaves.
Desert red bats have a wingspan of approximately 29 to 33.2 centimeters and weigh about 7 to 15 grams.
Western Small-footed Myotis
The Western small-footed bat, also known as the Western small-footed myotis is a species of vesper bat which is native to North America.
They are relatively small in size, having a total body length of approximately 8 to 10 centimeters and a wingspan of 24 cm on average.
They typically weigh only 4 to 5 grams, with females being larger than males.
They are characterized by yellowish to brown fur which gets paler in the underparts. Their feet, as the common name of this species indicates, are unusually small.
These bats can be found across much of the western regions of North America including British Columbia and Saskatchewan in Canada, down to Baja California, Zacatecas and Nuevo Leon in Mexico.
They mainly inhabit arid and semi-arid habitats but can also be found living in pine forests at high elevations. They are commonly found at elevations ranging between 300 to 3300 meters above sea level.
Western small-footed bats are nocturnal, insectivore animals. Their flight is rather slow, and they mostly feed on moths, beetles, and flies. They often feed close to water sources or rocky bluffs.
Western Spotted Skunk
The Western spotted skunk is a species of spotted skunk native to North America.
They usually measure between 35 to 45 cm in body length and weigh around 336 to 734 grams.
Males are considerably larger than females, however they are considered to be one of the smallest species of spotted skunks.
They are characterized by a black body striped with creamy-white horizontal stripes on their back, the front of the body and the hind parts.
They are short and rounded with a white spot between their eyes. Their tails are big and long-haired, mostly black with a white tip.
Western skunks also possess a pair of musk glands that open inside the anus and can spray to ward off predators.
They can be found in the western regions of the United States, northern parts of Mexico and in British Columbia in Canada.
They prefer to live in mixed woodlands, open areas and farmlands. They are primarily nocturnal animals and feed on insects, small vertebrates and berries.
White-tailed Antelope Squirrel
The white-tailed antelope squirrel measures 205 mm on average and weighs between 15 to 23 grams.
The white-tailed antelope squirrel inhabits the arid regions of the southwestern parts of the United States and the peninsula of Baja California in Mexico.
They are a diurnal rodent, active during the coolers parts of daylight. The white-tailed antelope squirrel has long legs with small, rounded ears. The backs are brown or gray, and the tails have the underside completely white, with a black tip.
The white-tailed deer is a mammal found in the central part of the American continent. In North America, they live in most of Mexico and the United States and southern parts of Canada.
Their color is grayish-brown in the winter and reddish-brown in the summer. They have patches of white on their face, underbody, and tail.
The white-tailed deer measures from 95 to 220 cm and weighs from 45 to 68 kg.
White-tailed deer are hebivores eating grass, corn, leaves, nuts, twigs, fruits, and fungi.
They adapt well to different habitats and live in grasslands, forests, farmlands, and deserts. Their lifespan is four to five years.
The white-tailed jackrabbit is also known as the prairie hare or white jack, and can be mainly found in the north, western regions of North America.
They are also found in British Columbia, Ontario, and Alberta in Canada.
The dimensions of this species range between 56 to 65 centimeters in length, while their weight can span between 2.5 to 4.3 kilograms.
They are solitary rabbits that live in depressions in the ground hidden by vegetation.
The white-tailed jackrabbit is nocturnal and only emerge from their nests at dusk to feed. In contrast to the black-tailed jackrabbit, the white-tailed jackrabbit prefers lowland habitats.
White-tailed Prairie Dog
The white-tailed prairie dog is typically found in the western areas of Wyoming and Colorado and some parts of Montana and Utah. They are commonly referred to as chiselers.
The white-tailed prairie dog lives at an elevation between 5,000 and 10,000 feet, which is higher than any other species of prairie dog.
This species is threatened by humans through hunting and poisoning which has contributed to making this species listed as threatened.
The white-tailed prairie dog measures around 35 centimeters in length and weigh 700 grams.
The white-throated woodrat is a species of rodent which is typically found in central Mexico as well as in Utah, New Mexico, Texas and Colorado.
These rodents grow up to 32.8 cm in length and weigh between 188 to 224 grams.
They occupy a wide range of habitats including woodlands, high elevation plains and deserts. As with other species of woodrats, this species makes dens out of a variety of materials, using what is available to them.
The wolverine resembles a small bear, but is the largest member of the Mustelidae family.
They are ferocious, and have a huge amount of strength for their body size. They are the size of medium dog, but can take down prey many times their size, such as elk.
They live in cold climates, with thick, oily fur which is resistant to frost. They are dark in color, with a light mask on their face, and a bushy tail.
They have been called the skunk-bear due to the scent glands that they use to mark their territory.
Wyoming Ground Squirrel
The Wyoming ground squirrel can be found in mixed conifer and aspen forests and woodland. They can also be found around valley grasslands and meadows.
They feed on a variety of insects, shrubs and grasses but forms are their primary food. The Wyoming ground squirrel hibernates when it gets colder.
There are three populations of the Wyoming ground squirrel in North America. The first is in Wyoming and Colorado. The second is in Utah, Idaho, Nevada and Oregon, and the the third population can be found in Montana.
The yellow-bellied marmot can weigh up to 5 kilograms and usually measures between 47 and 68 cm in length.
This marmot is also known as a rockchuck. They are a large species and are one of fourteen species of marmots.
They are native to the mountainous regions of Canada and the Rocky Mountains, Mount Rainer and the Sierra Nevada.
These animals usually inhabit areas which are above 6500 feet. Their fur is brown with a bushy tail.
They live in colonies with a single dominant male and hibernate during the wintertime for approximately eight months.
Yellow Pine Chipmunk
The yellow-pine chipmunk is a species of rodent found in the northwestern regions of North America, including parts of Canada and the United States.
The yellow-pine chipmunk primarily inhabits brush-covered areas and usually live at medium to high elevations of 975 to 2900 meters above sea level.
They are considered to be medium-sized chipmunks, with females being larger in body size than males. On average, they weigh around 50 grams.
The fur is characterized by a dark, reddish fur and five dark longitudinal stripes on the back.
The yellow-pine chipmunk hibernates in winter and stores their seeds.
The Yuma myotis is a small species of bat found in western North America. They can be found under bridges and in buildings will also make their homes in caves. They can generally be found flying over water where they feed.
Feeding over water allows the Yuma myotis a greater diversity of insects. The Yuma myotis eats a variety of insects including moths, beetles, mosquitoes, midges, crane flies and flies.
They measure up t
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因为图可能增长到非常大. 用对象来表示图很快就会变得效率低下, 所以我们要考虑表示顶点和边的其它方案.
创建图类的第一步就是要创建一个Vertex类来保存顶点和边. 这个类的作用于链表和二叉查找树的Node类一样.Vertex类有两个数据成员:
我们将所有顶点保存到数组中, 在图类里, 可以通过它们在数组中的位置引用它们.
图的实际信息都保存在边上面, 因为它们描述了图的结构. 我们很容易像之前提到的那样用二叉树的方式去表示图, 这是不对的. 二叉树的表现形式相当固定, 一个父节点只能有两个子节点, 而图的结构却要灵活得多, 一个顶点既可以有一条边, 也可以有多条边与它相连.
我们将表示图的边的方法称为:邻接表或者 _邻接表数组_. 这种方法将边存储为顶点的相邻顶点列表构成的数组, 并以此顶点作为索引. 使用这种方案, 当我们在程序中引用一个顶点时, 可以高效地访问与整个顶点相连的所有顶点的列表. 比如, 如果顶点2与顶点0、1、3、4相连, 并且它存储在数组中索引为2的位置, 那么, 访问这个元素, 我们可以访问到索引为2的位置处由顶点0、1、金沙国际唯一官网3、4组成的数组. 本章将选用这种表示方法.
另一种表示图边的方法被称为: _邻接矩阵_. 它是一个二维数组, 其中的元素表示两个顶点之间是否有一条边.
这个类会记录一个图表示了多少条边, 并使用一个长度与图的定点数相同的数组来记录定点的数量. 通过for循环为数组中的每一个元素添加一个字数组来存储所有的相邻顶点, 并将所有元素初始化为空字符串.
添加边addEdge()这个方法会传入顶点A和B, 会先查找顶点A的领接表, 将顶点B添加到列表中, 然后再查找顶点B的领接表, 将顶点A加入列表. 最后将边数edges加1.
showGraph()这个方法会通过打印所有顶点及其相邻定点列表的方式来显示图.
当然, 这种显示存在冗余, 例如, 0和1之间的边和1到0之间的边相同. 如果只是为了显示, 这样是不错的, 但是在开始探索图的路径之前, 需要调整一下输出.
确定从一个指定的顶点可以到达其他哪些顶点, 这是经常对图执行的操作. 我们可能想通过地图了解到从一个城镇到另一个城镇的路有哪些, 或者从一个机场到其它机场的航班有哪些等.
深度优先包括从一条路径的其实顶点开始追溯, 直到到达最后一个顶点, 然后回溯, 继续追溯下一条路径, 直到到达最后的顶点, 如此往复, 直到没有路径为止. 这不是在搜索特定的路径, 而是通过搜索来查看在图中有哪些路径可以选择.
深度优先: 访问一个没有访问过的顶点, 将它标记为已访问, 再递归去访问在初始顶点的领接表中其它没有访问过的顶点.
要让该算法运行, 需要向Graph类添加一个数组, 用来存储已访问过的顶点(marked), 将它所有元素的值全部初始化为false.Graph类的代码片段显示了这个新数组及其初始化的过程.
广度优先从第一个顶点开始, 尝试访问尽可能靠近它的顶点. 本质上, 这种搜索在图上是逐层移动的, 首先检查最靠近第一个顶点的层, 再逐渐向下移动到离起始顶点最远层.
广度优先算法使用了抽象的队列而不是数组来对已访问过的顶点进行排序. 算法原理:
图最常见的操作之一就是寻找从一个顶点到另一个顶点的最短路径. 考虑下例: 假期中, 你将在两个星期时间里游历10大联盟城市, 去观看棒球比赛. 你希望通过最短路径算法, 找出开车游历这10个大联盟城市, 去观看棒球比赛. 你希望通过最短路径算法, 找出开车游历这10个城市行驶的最小里程数. 另一个最短路径问题涉及创建一个计算机网络时的开销, 其中包括两台电脑之间传递数据的时间, 或两台电脑建立和维护连接的成本. 最短路径算法可以帮助确定构建此网络的最有效方法.
在执行广度优先时, 会自动查找从一个顶点到另一个顶点的最短路径. 例如, 要查找从顶点A到顶点D的最短路径, 我们首先会查找从A到D是否有任何一条单边路径, 接着查找两条边的路径, 以此类推. 这是广度优先算法的过程, 因此我们可以轻松地修改广度优先算法, 找出最短路径.
要查找最短路径, 需要修改广度优先算法来记录从一个顶点到另一个顶点的路径. 需要对Graph类做一些修改.
首先, 需要一个数组来保存从一个顶点到下一个顶点的所有的边. 我们将这个数组命名为edgeTo. 因为从始至终都是使用广度优先算法函数, 所以每次都会遇到一个没有标记的顶点, 除了对它进行标记外, 还会从邻接列表中我们正在探索的那个顶点添加一条边到这个顶点.
我们还需要一个函数pathTp()用于展示图中连接到不同顶点的路径.pathTo()创建一个栈, 用来存储于指定顶点有共同边的所有顶点. 以及一个简单的辅助方法:hasPathTo().
拓扑排序会对有向图的所有顶点进行排序, 使有向边从前面的顶点指向后面的顶点. eg:
这类问题被称为优先级约束调度, 每个大学生对此都很熟悉. 就好像只有先上过大学英语1的课程才能上大学英语2的课程一样.
拓扑排序算法与深度优先算法类似. 不同的是, 拓扑排序算法不会立即输出已访问的顶点, 而是访问当前顶点邻接表中的所有相邻顶点, 直到这个列表穷尽时, 才将当前顶点压入栈中.
拓扑排序算法被拆分为两个方法. 第一个topSort(), 会设置排序进程并调用一个辅助方法topSortHelper(), 然后显示排序号的顶点列表.
主要工作实在递归方法topSortHelper()中完成的. 这个方法会将当前顶点标记为已访问, 然后递归访问当前顶点领接表中的每个相邻顶点, 标记这些顶点为已访问. 最后 将当前顶点压入栈.
Graph类也将被修改, 这样不仅可以用于数字顶点, 还可以用于符号顶点. 在代码中, 每个顶点都只标注了数字, 但是我们添加了一个vertexList数组, 将各个顶点关联到一个符号(上面的课程名称).
下面将展示整个部分的完整定义, 包括用于拓扑排序的方法, 以确保Graph类的新的定义更清晰.showGraph()方法也将被修改, 这样可以显示符号名称而不只是显示顶点数字.Parasite, incassi da record nel Regno Unito: sconfitto The Passion di Mel Gibson
16 anni dopo, Mel Gibson ha dovuto cedere lo scettro a Bong Joon Ho.
Tornato a girare in Corea del Sud, Bong Joon-ho torna a Cannes a due anni da Okja. Leggete la nostra recensione di Parasite
Cannes 2019, Parasite, recensione: povertà e miseria nella mente di Bong Joon-ho
Tornato a girare in Corea del Sud, Bong Joon-ho torna a Cannes a due anni da Okja. Leggete la nostra recensione di Parasite
Grazie agli 11.458.707 sterline ($ 15 milioni) incassati dal 7 febbraio ad oggi, il film di Bong Joon Ho è diventato il film in 'lingua straniera' ad aver incassato di più sul suolo inglese. Dopo 16 anni di dominio The Passion di Mel Gibson, recitato in latino, in ebraico e in aramaico, ha dovuto cedere il trono. Ad ufficializzare il lieto evento il distributore britannico, Curzon Artificial Eye. Nel 2004 La Passione di Cristo si fermò a quota 11.080.000 sterline.
Oscar 2020, i vincitori: Parasite di Bong Joon-ho fa la Storia, è un trionfo epocale
Epocale trionfo di un film sudcoreano agli Oscar. Mai un film 'straniero' c'era riuscito.
Dopo un primo weekend da record per un film in lingua straniera in Inghilterra, Parasite ha conquistato la seconda posizione 7 giorni dopo, passando da 137 a 428 copie. Una 'febbre' da Parasite che prima del Regno Unito aveva coinvolto un po' tutto il mondo, tanto da spingere la pellicola di Bong Joon Ho verso lo storico e insperato trionfo agli Oscar del mese scorso (criticato da Donald Trump).
Fonte: Deadline一、腕部损伤及防治措施
常见损伤原因：当持拍击球时，手腕快速外展,如果热身活动不充分活动腕关节，平时又较少有意识锻炼腕关节肌肉，加之发力过猛则则容易发生运动损伤。
防治措施：
1、要重视热身活动，腕部要做充分的准备活动。
2、 养成使用护腕的习惯。
3、只发六至七分力，不发死力。
4、轻度损伤时，腕部疼痛、肿胀等症状。二到三天后，用中药熏洗，适当按摩，促进淤血吸收治疗效果好。重度损伤时到正规医院就诊，在医师指导下施治。
二、腰部的损伤及防治措施
常见的损伤原因： 乒乓球运动损伤以腰骶部为最多，约占全部病例的三分之一还多。在乒乓球运动中，人体始终要保持上体前倾的状态，这时，腰椎的棘上韧带始终保持上体前倾的状态，骶棘肌也长时间处于收缩紧张状态，许多运动员在运动结束后不注意放松，致使局部过度...How the United States uses energy
Americans use a lot of energy in homes, in businesses, and in industry, and to travel and transport goods. There are five energy-use sectors:
- The industrial sector includes facilities and equipment used for manufacturing, agriculture, mining, and construction.
- The transportation sector includes vehicles that transport people or goods, such as cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, trains, aircraft, boats, barges, and ships.
- The residential sector includes homes and apartments.
- The commercial sector includes offices, malls, stores, schools, hospitals, hotels, warehouses, restaurants, and places of worship and public assembly.
- The electric power sector consumes primary energy to generate most of the electricity t
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去，以后轮回时会堕入畜生道的！”李公麟这才慌了，赶紧问怎么办。禅师告诉他：“你多画点观音像吧。”
高手就是高手，李公麟转画观音也创造出了自己独有的样式。他画的《长带观音》﹑《自在观音》等将观音画成飞舞长带的人间少女﹐使得宗教画由崇拜的偶像向观赏性、世俗化转变。
可惜的是，李公麟的观音像没有流传下来，不过我们可以从《维摩演教图》上一窥他宗教人物画的风采。（且听下回分解）
本文是《趣谈中国汉字/书法史》姊妹篇，《笑画中国美术史》（暂名）系列文章。每篇一分钟，收获受用一生的知识，你值得拥有！加关注看之前文章，及时提示更新。转载请标明出处，欢迎出版社与我联系。Dopo Bentley, che ha di recente confermato il suo SUV attraverso un’immagine teaser e che verrà commercializzato nel corso del 2016, Rolls-Royce potrebbe lanciarsi in questo grande segmento che sta diventando quello dei SUV di lusso.
Nessuna decisione è stata presa ufficialmente per il momento, ma il presidente del costruttore britannico, Torsten Muller-Oetvoes, ha confermato l’interesse del marchio per questo settore: “il segmento dei SUV è molto interessante. E’ stato incredibilmente stabile durante la crisi e penso che il settore si sta sviluppando in un’ulteriore categoria di lusso. Bisogna ora decidere se troverà un riscontro con l’immagine del brand Rolls-Royce…”
A ciò si aggiunge una dichiarazione fatta ai nostri colleghi inglesi di Top Gear da parte del membro del consiglio di amministrazione di Rolls-Royce, Peter Schwarzenbauer: “Dobbiamo essere certi che il SUV possa essere una vera Rolls-Royce, in caso contrario chiederò al consiglio di non continuare. La questione è: si adatta al marchio Rolls? E’ la stessa domanda che si è posta BMW prima della X5 e senza dubbio la stessa per Porsche prima della Cayenne.”
I puristi del marchio con la Flying Lady potrebbero storcere il naso. Tuttavia il numero di vetture di lusso è in costante crescita e Rolls-Royce non può permettersi di lasciare Bentley da sola su questo nuovo mercato dei SUV di lusso.The Balfour Declaration – A Century of Jewish Power
By Gilad Atzmon
This year, Palestinians and their supporters mark the 100th anniversary of The Balfour Declaration, a written statement from the United Kingdom's Foreign Secretary, Arthur James Balfour, to Walter Rothschild, a leader of the British Jewish community, in favour of the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine.
For Palestinians, The Balfour Declaration was the beginning of their plight: a century of ethnic cleansing at the hands of European newcomers who claim Palestine as their historic home. Yet, for some reason, supporters of the Palestinians are desperate to suppress discussion of the motivation for the Balfour Declaration - how and why did it come about?
The Balfour Declaration provides solid evidence that the dominance of Jewish political lobbies in world affairs is not really a ‘new development.’ In 1917, at the peak of WWI, it was up to a few Jewish financiers and lobbyists to decide the fate of countries, continentsand the outcome of global conflicts.
In his invaluable book, The Pity of it All, Israeli historian Amos Elon suggests that the 1917 Balfour Declaration was at least partially motivated by the British government's desire to win the support of pro-German American Jews so that they would help to pull the USA into the war.
Elon argues that at the beginning of the war, German- American Jewish financierssidedwith the Germans and would reject any possible alliance between the USA and England. “Jacob H. Schiff, head of Kuhn, Loeb—at the time the largest private bank in the United States after J. P. Morgan—declared that he could no more disavow his loyalty to Germany than he could renounce his own parents. Schiff prayed for Germany's victory. In a statement to the New York Times on November 22, 1914, he charged the British and the French with attempting to destroy Germany for reasons of trade.” (The Pity Of It All, pg. 455)
And German-American Jews were not alone in the Jewish community. Russian-American Jews also supportedGermany in the war. “Eastern European Jews in the United States, repelled by the anti-Semitism of czarist Russia, were equally pro-German. In Russia itself, Jews of the Pale greeted German troops advancing into Poland, Byelorussia, and the Ukraine as liberators. In a sense, they were.” (ibid)
According to Elon, the Brits encountered an American Jewish problem. “The British government took these developments very seriously. In a fit of paranoia, the British ambassador in Washington even suspected the existence of a veritable German Jewish conspiracy in the United States directed at Britain.” (Ibid)
Elon’s conclusion is clear. “The 1917 Balfour Declaration, calling for the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine, was at least partly motivated by the British government's desire to win support among pro-German American Jews.” (ibid)
Elon’s reading of the circumstances that led to the Balfour Declaration is pretty much the same as Benjamin Freedman’s in his notorious 1961 address.
Freedman states that Zionists offered Britain their support in pulling the USA into the war in return for a British commitment to make Palestine into a Jewish homeland in the future. Freedman believed that Germany’s post-WW I animosity towards Jews stemmed from what they regarded as the betrayal and complicity of German-Jewish financiers in their defeat.
100 years after the Balfour Declaration, Palestinian solidarity enthusiasts choose to avoid discussion on the global Judeo-centric politics that led to the declaration, even though it was arguably the most significant event that shaped the Middle East and present day Palestinian reality. This reluctance suggests that the solidarity movement is itself an occupied territory. Once again, we observe that the discourse of the oppressed is controlled by the sensitivities of the oppressor.
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闽公网安备 35020302032707号|Category 5 major hurricane (SSHWS/NWS)|
|Formed||October 27, 1961|
|Dissipated||November 1, 1961|
|Highest winds||1-minute sustained: 160 mph (260 km/h)
|Lowest pressure||≤ 920 mbar (hPa); 27.17 inHg|
|Damage||$60.3 million (1961 USD)|
|Areas affected||British Honduras (Belize), Guatemala, Honduras|
|Part of the 1961 Atlantic hurricane season|
Hurricane Hattie was the strongest and deadliest tropical cyclone of the 1961 Atlantic hurricane season, reaching a peak intensity equivalent to that of a Category 5 hurricane. The ninth tropical storm and seventh hurricane and major hurricane of the season, Hattie originated from an area of low pressure that strengthened into a tropical storm over the southwestern Caribbean Sea on October 27. Moving generally northward, the storm quickly became a hurricane and later major hurricane the following day. Hattie then turned westward west of Jamaica and strengthened into a Category 5 hurricane, with maximum sustained winds of 160 mph (260 km/h). It weakened to Category 4 before making landfall south of Belize City on October 31. The storm turned southwestward and weakened rapidly over the mountainous terrain of Central America, dissipating on November 1.
Hattie first affected the southwestern Caribbean, where it produced hurricane-force winds and caused one death on San Andres Island. It was initially forecast to continue north and strike Cuba, prompting evacuations on the island. While turning west, Hattie dropped heavy rainfall of up to 11.5 in (290 mm) on Grand Cayman. The country of Belize, at the time known as British Honduras, sustained the worst damage from the hurricane.[nb 1] The former capital, Belize City, was buffeted by strong winds and flooded by a powerful storm surge. The territory governor estimated that 70% of the buildings in the city had been damaged, leaving more than 10,000 people homeless. The destruction was so severe that it prompted the government to relocate inland to a new city, Belmopan. Overall, Hattie caused about $60 million in losses[nb 2] and 307 deaths in the territory. Although damage was heavier in Hattie than a hurricane in 1931 that killed 2,000 people, the death toll from Hattie was less due to advance warnings. Elsewhere in Central America, Hattie killed 11 people in Guatemala and one in Honduras.
For several days toward the end of October 1961, a low-pressure area persisted in the western Caribbean Sea, north of the Panama Canal Zone. On October 25, an upper-level anticyclone moved over the low; the next day, a trough over the western Gulf of Mexico provided favorable outflow for the disturbance. At 0000 UTC on October 27, a ship nearby reported southerly winds of 46 mph (74 km/h). Later that day, the airport on San Andres Island reported easterly winds of 60 mph (95 km/h). The two observations confirmed the presence of a closed wind circulation, centered about 70 miles (110 km) southeast of San Andres, or 155 mi (250 km) east of the Nicaraguan coast; as a result, the Miami Weather Bureau began issuing advisories on the newly formed Tropical Storm Hattie.
After being classified, Hattie moved steadily northward, passing very near or over San Andres Island. A station on the island recorded a pressure of 991 mbar (29.3 inHg) and sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h), which indicated that Hattie had reached hurricane status. Late on October 28, a Hurricane Hunters flight encountered a much stronger hurricane, with winds of 125 mph (200 km/h) in a small area near the center. At the time, gale-force winds extended outward 140 mi (225 km) to the northeast and 70 miles (115 km) to the southwest. Early on October 29, a trough extending from Nicaragua to Florida was expected to allow Hattie to continue northward, based on climatology for similar hurricanes. Later that day, Hattie was forecast to be an imminent threat to the Cayman Islands and western Cuba. Around that time, a strengthening ridge to the north turned the hurricane northwestward, which spared the Greater Antilles but increased the threat to Central America.
With the strengthening ridge to its north, Hattie began restrengthening after retaining the same intensity for about 24 hours. Initially, forecasters at the Miami Weather Bureau predicted the storm to turn northward again. Late on October 29, the center of the hurricane passed about 90 miles (145 km) southwest of Grand Cayman, at which time the interaction between Hattie and the ridge to its north produced squally winds of around 30 mph (50 km/h) across Florida. Early on October 30, the Hurricane Hunters confirmed the increase in intensity, reporting winds of 140 mph (225 km/h). The storm's minimum central pressure continued to drop throughout the day, reaching 924 mbar (27.3 inHg) by 1300 UTC; a lower pressure of 920 mbar (27 inHg) was computed at 1700 UTC that day, based on a flight-level reading from the Hurricane Hunters. Hattie later curved toward the west-southwest, passing between the Cayman Islands and the Swan Islands. Late on October 30, Hattie attained peak winds of 160 mph (260 km/h) about 190 mi (310 km) east of the border of Mexico and British Honduras. This made Hattie the equivalence of a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, making it the latest hurricane on record to reach the status until a reanalysis of the 1932 season revealed that Hurricane Fourteen had a similar intensity on November 5, six days after Hattie. Additionally, Hattie was the strongest October hurricane in the northwest Caribbean until Hurricane Mitch in 1998.
Hattie maintained much of its intensity as it continued toward the coast of British Honduras. After moving through several small islands offshore, the hurricane made landfall a short distance south of Belize City on October 31, with an eyewall of about 25 miles (40 km) in diameter. Based on a post-season analysis, it was determined that Hattie had weakened to winds of 140 mph (225 km/h) before moving ashore. The hurricane deteriorated rapidly over land, dissipating on November 1 as it moved into the mountains of Guatemala. During its dissipation, Tropical Storm Simone was developing off the Pacific coast of Guatemala. There was speculation that Hattie contributed to the development of Simone, and later Tropical Storm Inga after the remnants of Simone merged with nearby disturbed weather.
Upon initiating advisories on Hattie, the Miami Weather Bureau noted the potential for heavy rainfall and flash flooding in the southwestern Caribbean. The advisories recommended for small ships to remain at harbor across the region. Initially, the hurricane was predicted to move near or through the Cayman Islands, Jamaica, and Cuba. As a result, Cuban officials advised residents in low-lying areas to evacuate.
Hurricane Hattie first posed a threat to the Yucatán Peninsula and British Honduras on October 30 when it turned toward the area. Officials at the Miami Weather Bureau warned of the potential for high tides, strong winds, and torrential rainfall. The warnings allowed for extensive evacuations in high-risk areas. Most people in the capital, Belize City, were evacuated or moved to shelters, and a school was operated as a refuge. A hospital in the city was evacuated, and over 75% of the population of Stann Creek fled to safer locations. After Hattie made landfall, officials in Mexico ordered the closure of ports along the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.
Despite predictions for heavy rainfall in the southwestern Caribbean, the hurricane's movement was more northerly than expected, resulting in less precipitation along the Central American coast than anticipated.
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��回升，甚至一天都在与负油价调情。今天，截至美国东部时间下午1:30，西德克萨斯中质原油2020年6月的合约价格上涨至33美元。 美国国内石油价格的上涨带动了石油和天然气公司。
在加拿大，生产一桶石油的成本大约为41美元。在美国，生产一桶石油花费近36美元，这种花费是在市场交易价格之下的。 这些调查结果来自于Rysta能源的UCube数据库，其中Rysta能源的UCube数据库，拥有来自全世界的约6.5万块石油和天然气场地的数据。
研究来自原油和天然气公司（Rystad Energy）的65000石油天然气公司的数据库信息。原油价格下跌让能源行业利润减少，但是每个油田生产成本有所不同。在英国生产一桶石油成本为52.5美元，巴西生产一桶石油成本为49美元，美国生产一桶石油成本为36美元。 记者万静 国家发改委今日发布了《石油价格管理办法》(以下简称《办法》),并于今日起实施。《办法》明确,当国际市场原油价格低于每桶40美元(含In 2014 Congress voted down a bill which would have guaranteed income equality for women in the workplace. Will 2015 and the 114th Congress reconsider attitudes about women’s rights? Will 2015 be the year of the woman?
World War II changed the role of women in the United States. During the war women were forced to take jobs formerly performed by the men who were now on the front lines. Women continue to face the same obstacles as their grandmothers faced. One of those inequities is equal pay for the same work. In addition, professions which are predominately female produce a lesser average pay than those dominated by males.
Today the average pay for a woman is $706 weekly; for men it is $860 a week. A 2012 study discovered that after a lifetime of work, a woman working a full time job will lose $430,000 when compared to their male counterparts. Women began fighting for pay equality in the 1970’s, but the unfair situation persists in the 21st century.
The possibility of a woman, Hillary Clinton, becoming our nation’s 45th President has quietly resulted in some changes. Some companies are already restructuring their pay scales. More women are receiving middle-management promotions.
In addition Advocacy groups are quick to point out that the number of women voters is on the rise. They could be the single most important block in the 2016 election.
Companies must make other changes. The United States is far behind other nations in making the workplace family friendly. Although President Bill Clinton signed the ‘Family and Medical Leave Act in 1992,’ siblings and grandparents were not included. The twelve weeks allowed only applied to the nuclear family.
Far too many companies reserve the right to change schedules at will and with little or no notice. This policy is especially hard on working mothers.
Most nations have rules accommodating pregnant women. If lighter duty is required by a doctor, the woman must be allowed to remain working in a position relative to her needs.
A few states have passed legislation to ensure that domestic workers, including home health care workers, nannies and similar professions have a bill of rights which guarantees them minimum pay and other benefits comparable to other members of the workforce. The National Domestic Workers Alliance continues to seek legislation in other states.
It has been 20 years since the United Nations Conference on Women was held in Beijing. 189 governments agreed that all women should have access to an education; receive equal pay for equal work; be protected from violence; and participate in the decision-making process.
The murder of Pakistani school girls; Boko Haram and ISIS seeking to establish a so-called Islamic State which would be governed by sharia law placing women in a position of third class citizenry and creating sexual slaves; and the situation in our own nation where men pass laws deciding what a woman is allowed to do with her own body, all these are efforts to return women to a time 50 years ago when they had virtually no rights.
The African Union has already declared 2015 the ‘Year of the Woman.’ A conference will be held January 30 and 31 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Subjects to be discussed are education, health, agriculture, trade, women, and youth development.
By James Turnage
Urgent Action Fund-Africaشهردار تبریز درباره قرارداد با شرکت بهینه سازی سوخت بیان کرد؛ اختصاص ۷۰ دستگاه واگن در فاز اول به شهرداری تبریز
شهردار تبریز گفت: در راستای اجرای قرارداد منعقده کلانشهرها با سازمان بهینه سوخت در فاز اول ۷۰ دستگاه واگن به شهرداری تبریز اختصاص می یابد.
به گزارش تبریزمدرن، شهردار تبریز در گفتگو با خبرنگاران درباره امضای قرارداد همکاری شهرداری کلانشهرها و شرکت بهینه سازی سوخت گفت: این قرارداد که بین وزارت نفت و شرکت بهینه سازی مصرف سوخت شهرداری های کلانشهرهای کشور امضا شد در راستای کاهش مصرف سوخت و توسعه حمل و نقل عمومی بود. او ادامه داد: این قرارداد با پیگیری شهرداران کلانشهرهای کشور و همراهی وزیر محترم نفت به امضا رسید.
ایرج شهین باهر با بیان اینکه بر مبنای این قرارداد تا پایان سال ۱۴۰۰ دو هزار دستگاه واگن به سیستم حمل و نقل ریلی درون شهری کلانشهرها اضافه می شود، گفت: از این دو هزار دستگاه، ۱۰۰۰ دستگاه اختصاص به شهرداری تهران واگذار می شود و بقیه واگن ها بین کلانشهرهای تبریز، اصفهان، شیراز، اهواز، کرمانشاه، مشهد، کرج و قم اختصاص می یابد.
شهردار تبریز با بیان اینکه به نسبت پیشرفت پروژه قطار شهری، واگن ها بین کلانشهرها تقسیم خواهد شد، تصریح کرد: در فاز اول این قرارداد ۷۰ دستگاه واگن به مترو تبریز اخصاص می یابد. او در پایان خاطرنشان کرد: در مجموعه شهرداری و قطار شهری، پیگیر هستیم تا در سریع ترین زمان ممکن این ۷۰ دستگاه را تحویل بگیریم و در اختیار شهروندان گرامی قرار دهیم.Reuters.com’a sınırsız ücretsiz erişim için şimdi kaydolun
3 Mart (Reuters) – New York Eyaleti’nin önde gelen aşı uzmanı, Pfizer ve BioNTech SE’den korunma eksikliğine ilişkin New York Eyaletinden gelen en son verilerden endişe duymadığını söyledi. (22UAy.DE)(PFE.N) 5-11 yaş arası çocuklar için COVID-19 aşısı.
EMA’nın aşılama stratejileri başkanı Marco Cavaleri bir basın toplantısında, “Bu çalışma bir şekilde semptomatik COVID-19’a karşı düşük koruma gösterdi, ancak Omicron’a ve birincil seriye karşı aşılardan sonra gördüğümüz genel savunma durumu çerçevesinde kalıyor” dedi. konferans, kontrolör verilerini detaylandırarak değerlendirecektir.
“Bu noktada özellikle bu sonuçlardan endişe duymuyoruz” dedi. ABD’li araştırmacılar bu hafta, son Omigran varyantı ayaklanması sırasında çocuklarda iki doz aşının ciddi hastalıklara karşı güvenli olduğunu, ancak kısa sürede yaşla birlikte enfeksiyonu önleme yeteneğini kaybettiğini söyledi. daha fazla oku
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Ludwig Burger ve Manojna Madipatla’nın raporu; Jason Blue’yu Düzenlemek
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“Gıda uzmanı. Twitter geek. Seyahat ustası. Hardcore iletişimci. Geleceğin genç idolü. Organizatör.”Certified Network Defender (CND) Eğitimi, bilgi güvenliği profesyonellerine ağ güvenliği konusunda derinlemesine bilgi ve becerilerin kazandırılmasını amaçlayan özel bir programdır. Bu kapsamlı eğitim, ağ güvenliği tehditlerini anlamanızı, ağ güvenlik önlemlerini uygulamanızı ve ağ güvenlik olaylarını etkin bir şekilde yönetmenizi sağlar. CND eğitimi, bilgi güvenliği konusunda uzmanlaşmak ve ağ güvenliği alanında yetkinlik kazanmak isteyen profesyoneller için tasarlanmıştır. Bu sayede katılımcılar, ağ güvenliği tehditlerini tanıma ve analiz etme becerilerini geliştirir.
CND Eğitimi ayrıca, ağ güvenliği önlemlerini etkin bir şekilde uygulama ve yönetme becerilerini kazandırır. Güvenlik duvarları, saldırı tespit ve önleme sistemleri, sanal özel ağlar (VPN), güvenlik politikaları gibi konular ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele alınır. Bu sayede katılımcılar, ağ güvenliği için en iyi uygulamaları öğrenerek, ağ güvenliği stratejilerini başarılı bir şekilde oluşturabilme yetkinliğini elde eder.
Siber güvenlik uzmanları, genellikle teorik bilgiden öteye geçerek, gerçek dünya uygulamalarında geniş deneyime sahip olmalıdırlar. Bu nedenle, CND (Sertifikalı Ağ Savunma) Eğitiminde, uygulama deneyimleri ve pratik çalışmalar ana odak noktasını oluşturur.
Eğitim boyunca, katılımcılar bir dizi pratik beceri geliştirmek için özel çalışmalara katılırlar. Bu beceriler arasında, katılımcılar güvenlik olaylarını tespit etmeyi, analiz etmeyi ve hızlı bir şekilde yanıt vermeyi öğr
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, provided that all fellows should vacate their fellowships after seven years occupancy from the time of their taking the degree of master of arts. The first students were admitted in 1593. The funds of the college were so much diminished by the breaking out of the Tyrone rebellion, that the establishment must have been dissolved, had not the queen, in 1601, made the college a further grant of #200 per annum, till it should regain its possessions ; and James I. granted it a revenue of #388. 15. English currency, and endowed it with many valuable lands and advowsons in Ulster ; he also granted it the privilege of returning two representatives to parliament. The prosperity of the college was much retarded by internal dissensions, to which the election of the provosts frequently gave rise, and from the want of a more definite constitution to remedy this evil. In 1627 a new code of statutes was framed by Dr. Bedell, afterwards bishop of Kilmore ; and in 1633 Archbishop Laud, then chancellor of the university, drew up a more complete code, founded on that of Bedell, which, together with a new charter, was enforced by royal authority, though not without considerable opposition. By this charter the power of electing the provost, and of enacting and repealing statutes, was vested in the Crown ; the fellowships were distinguished into senior and junior, and made tenable for life ; the extension of the number of fellows from three to sixteen, and of scholars from three to seventy, which had been previously made, was rendered permanent ; and the government of the college was vested solely in the provost and the seven senior fellows, with power to enact bylaws, to be confirmed by the visiters. No subsequent alterations have taken place in the constitution of the college, except an increase in the number of junior fellows. By the Act of Settlement, the chief governor of Ireland, with the consent of the privy council, was empowered to erect another college to be of the university of Dublin, and to be called the King's College, and to raise out of the lands vested in the king by that act a sum not exceeding #2000 per ann. for its endowment. This clause has never been acted upon ; and Trinity College differs in its constitution from those of Oxford and Cambridge, by combining in its own government the full privileges and powers of a university, the provost and senior fellows constituting the only senate or university convocation, and possessing the same power of electing officers and conferring degrees. A new fellowship was founded, in 1698, out of lands bequeathed to the college by Dr. John Richardson, bishop of Ardagh, who had been a fellow. Three others were added in 1724, on the foundation of Erasmus Smith ; and five additional fellowships were founded, to be endowed out of the increased revenues of the university, two of them in 1762, and three in 1808. The Senate, or Congregation of the University, by which degrees are publicly conferred, consists of all masters of arts and resident doctors in the three faculties, having their names on the college books, and who are liable to a fine for non-attendance. The Caput Senatus Academici consists of the vice-chancellor, the provost, or vice-provost, and by election of these, with the consent of the congregation, of the senior master non-regent, resident in the college : they have each a negative voice to prevent any grace for the confering of a degree from being proposed to the senate. Every grace must first be granted privately by the provost and senior fellows, before it can be proposed to the caput or the senate. There are now two regular days for conferring degrees ; namely, Shrove-Tuesday and the Tuesday nearest to the 8th of July, whether before or after. The Board, formed by the provost and senior fellows, meets generally every Saturday to transact all business relating to the internal management of the college.
The following are the principal university and college officers : the chancellor, at present his royal highness the Duke of Cumberland ; the vice-chancellor, nominated by the chancellor, at present the Rt. Hon. and Most Rev. Lord J. G. De La Poer Beresford, Archbishop of Armagh, who may appoint a pro-vice-chancellor ; the provost, who, except by dispensation from the Crown, must be a doctor or bachelor in divinity, and thirty years of age, at present Bartholomew Lloyd, D. D, ; the viceprovost, elected annually by the provost and senior fellows, but who is generally the senior of the senior fellows, and re-elected for many successive years ; two proctors, chosen annually, one from the senior and one from the junior fellows, the former being moderator in philosophy for the masters, and the latter for the bachelors, of arts ; a dean and a junior dean, chosen annually, the former from the senior and the latter from the junior fellows, and whose duty it is to superintend the morals of the students, and enforce their attendance on college duties ; a senior lecturer, chosen annually from the senior fellows, to superintend the attendance of the students at lectures and examinations, and to keep a record of their merits ; a censor, created in 1728, whose office is to impose literary exercises in lieu of pecuniary fines upon such students as may have incurred academic censure ; a librarian and junior librarian ; a librarian of the lending library ; a registrar ; a registrar of chambers ; a bursar and junior bursar ; a registrar of the university electors, appointed in 1832 for keeping the register of persons qualified to vote for the university members of parliament ; an auditor ; six university preachers ; and four morning lecturers.
The professorships are seventeen in number. The Regius Professorship of Divinity, originally founded in St. Patrick's cathedral, and held in 1607 by Dr. James Ussher, afterwards Archbishop of Armagh, was more amply endowed in 1674, by Charles II., out of lands given to the college by the Act of Settlement ; in 1761 it was made a regius professorship by statute of George III. ; and by another, in 1814, its endowment was augmented, and the office made tenable for life. The professor is elected by the provost and senior fellows from the fellows who are doctors of divinity, and vacates his fellowship on his appointment ; he acts as moderator in disputations for degrees in divinity, has to preach four times in the year in defence of the Christian religion before the university, to read publicly during the year four prelections in divinity, besides lectures twice every week during term, and to hold an annual examination of the divinity students ; he has four assistants. A lectureship in divinity was founded by Archbishop King in 1718, and was formerly elected to annually from the senior fellows ; but this office has been recently separated from a fellowship, and is now held with one of the college livings : its duties also have been considerably increased, and more intimately connected with the education of such students as are preparing for holy orders. Archbishop King's lecturer has now five assistants. Students in divinity must attend with diligence the lectures and examinations of this lecturer and his assistants during the first year of their course, and during the second, the lectures of the Regius Professor and his assistants ; without this two years' course of study, no student can obtain the certificates necessary for admission to holy orders. The Regius Professorship of Greek, previously held by a lecturer under the statute of Charles I., was founded in 1761 by statute of George III.; the professor is annually elected, and has two assistants. Two Professorships of Modern Languages, one for the French and German, and one for the Italian and Spanish, were formed in 1777 by a royal grant of #200 each per ann. The Professorships of Hebrew, Oratory, History, Mathematics, and Natural Philosophy were founded by act of parliament, and endowed by Erasmus Smith ; the professors are chosen from among the fellows by the provost and senior fellows, with the approbation of the governors of Erasmus Smith's schools; a lectureship in Mathematics was founded in the middle of the 17th century by Arthur, Earl of Donegal, who endowed it with #10 per annum. The Regius Professorship of Civil and Canon Law was founded in 1668, by letters patent of Charles II., and endowed out of revenues granted to the university by the Act of Settlement ; the professor acts also as moderator in all disputations for degrees in law. The Regius Professorship of Feudal and English Law was founded in 1761, by statute of George III, ; the professor is elected by the provost and senior fellows, either for life or for a term of years ; he must be a barrister of at least two years' standing, and, if a fellow of the college, may hold the appointment for life, resigning his fellowship. The Regius Professorship of Physic originated in a statute appointing one of the fellows of the university to devote himself to the study of physic ; but since the Restoration, the regius professor of physic and the medical fellow have been regarded as distinct, and, except in two instances, have never been united in the same person. The Professorships of Anatomy, Chymistry and Botany, originally lectureships established about the year 1710, were founded by an act of the 25th of George III. for the establishment of a complete school of physic in Ireland, in conjunction with three other professorships on the foundation of Sir Patrick Dun's hospital ; the professors are elected for seven years, at the end of which time they may be re-elected ; they deliver periodical lectures in the theatre of the college. The Lectureship in Natural History was founded by the provost and senior fellows in 1816 : the lecturer, who is also curator of the museum, delivers lectures on such parts of natural history, including geology and mineralogy, as the provost and senior fellows may appoint. The Professorship of Astronomy was founded in 1774, by Dr. Francis Andrews, provost of the college, who bequeathed #3000 for the erection of an observatory, and #250 per annum for the salary of such professor and assistants as the provost and senior fellows should appoint ; a statute was obtained, in 1791, for regulating the duties of the professor, who is thereby constituted astronomer-royal for Ireland, and has an assistant, appointed by himself; he resides constantly in the observatory, from which he can never be absent more than 62 days in the year, without leave of the provost or vice-provost. The Professorship of Political Economy was founded in 1832, by Dr. Whately, Archbishop of Dublin, upon the principle of the Drummond professorship at Oxford ; the professor, who must be at least a master of arts or bachelor in civil law, and a graduate of Dublin, Oxford, or Cambridge, is elected for five years : his duty is to deliver lectures in that science to such graduates and undergraduates as may be recommended to him by their tutors, and to print one lecture annually. A Professorship of Moral Philosophy has been recently founded, and annexed to one of the college livings.
The members of the university on the foundation at present consist of the provost, seven senior fellows, eighteen junior fellows, and seventy scholars : the junior fellows are elected as vacancies occur, on Trinity Monday ; candidates must have taken at least the degree of bachelor of arts ; they are examined on the four last days of the week preceding the election. Only three of the fellows are allowed to be members of lay professions, one of medicine, and two of law, without a dispensation from the Crown ; all the rest must devote themselves to the church, and are bound by oath, on their marriage, to vacate their fellowships. The benefices in the gift of the college are 21 in number, and are situated in the dioceses of Armagh, Clogher, Down, Derry, Raphoe, and Kilmore ; 17 of them became forfeited to the Crown by the rebellion of O'Nial, and were bestowed on the college by James I. ; many of them are of considerable value, and on the death of an incumbent are offered to the clerical fellows in rotation. These benefices, by letters patent of James I., are Arboe, Ardtrea, Clogherney, Clonfeacle, Clonoe, and Desertcreight, in the diocese of Armagh ; Aghalurcher, Cleenish, Derryvullen, and Enniskillen, in the diocese of Clogher ; Killileagh, in the diocese of Down ; Ardstraw, Cappagh, and Drumragh, in the diocese of Derry ; Clondehorky, Clondevadock, Conwall, Kilmacrenan, Ramochy, and Tullyaghnish, in the diocese of Raphoe ; and Killesandra, in the diocese of Kilmore. The terms of the university were formerly four in the year, and as altered by Archbishop Laud corresponded nearly to those of Oxford ; but by a statute obtained in 1833 they were reduced to three only ; Michaelmas, Hilary, and Trinity ; but if Easter fall within the limits of Hilary or Trinity term, the term for that year is continued for an additional week. These terms may be kept by answering at examinations held for the purpose, at the beginning of each ; but residence, either in the college or in the city, is indispensable for students in divinity, law, and medicine, as terms in these faculties can only be kept by regular attendance on the lectures of the university professors. Members of the university are not required to subscribe to the articles, or to attend the duties, of the church of England, if they profess to have conscientious objections, except on their obtaining a fellowship or scholarship, or on admission to a degree in divinity. By charter of James I. the university returned two members to the Irish parliament till the Union ; after which time it returned only one member to the Imperial parliament, till the recent Reform act, since which it has returned two. The right of election, which was originally vested solely in the provost, fellows, and scholars, has, by the same act, been extended to all members of the age of 21 years, who had obtained, or should hereafter obtain, a fellowship, scholarship, or the degree of Master of Arts, and whose names should be on the college books : members thus qualified, who had removed their names from the books, were allowed six months to restore them, on paying a fee of #2, and such as continued their names, merely to qualify them to vote, pay annually to the college the sum of #1, or a composition of #5 in lieu of annual payment. The number of names restored under this provision was 3005, and at present the constituency amounts to 3135. The provost is the returning officer.
The buildings of the university, which, from their extent and magnificence, form one of the principal ornaments of the city, consist of three spacious quadrangles, erected chiefly after designs by Sir William Chambers. The principal front, which occupies the whole of the eastern side of College-green, is 380 feet long, built of Portland stone, and consists of a projecting centre, ornamented with four three-quarter Corinthian columns supporting an enriched cornice and pediment, under which is the principal entrance ; and at each extremity of the facade is a projecting pile of square building, decorated with duplicated pilasters of the same order, between which is a noble Venetian window, enriched with festoons of flowers and fruit in high relief; and above the cornice, which extends along the whole of the front, rises an attic surmounted by a balustrade. The entrance is by an octangular vestibule, the ceiling of which is formed of groined arches : it leads into the first quadrangle, called Parliament-square, from its having been rebuilt chiefly by the munificence of Parliament, which granted at different times #40,000
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从行业来看，由于奥密克戎毒株的迅速传播，大多数司法管辖区的休闲旅游、酒店住宿和餐厅餐饮活动都有所下降。制造业全面扩张，但不同地区的增长率存在差异。一些地区的企业对短期增长的预期较以往有所降低。
同期，各司法辖区的就业市场小幅增长，对工党的需求保持强劲，多数司法辖区的职位空缺也在增加。劳动力短缺导致全国工资上涨，低技能工人的工资涨幅尤其大。
在价格方面，由于批发和原材料价格上涨迫使许多行业提价，全国各地的消费者价格均强劲上涨。许多公司将高成本归咎于供应链的持续中断。在一些司法管辖区，运输瓶颈有所缓解，但采购成本仍在上升。与此同时，劳动力持续短缺，工资上涨，也给企业带来了成本压力。
据悉，美联储下一次定期货币政策会议将于1月25日至26日举行。
温馨提示：财经最新动态随时看，请关注睿景网。DLL hatası Windows da olur, mcr.dll ile ilgili hatalar birkaç farklı sebepten kaynaklanabilir. Örneğin arızalı bir uygulama, mcr.dll'in silinmesi, yanlış konumlandırılması veya bilgisayarında bulunan zararlı bir kötü yazılım ya da zarar görmüş Windows kayıt defteri ile bozulması.
En sık karşılaşılan DLL hata mesajları şunlardır:
- Program mcr.dll bilgisayarınızda eksik olduğundan başlayamıyor. Bu sorunu çözmek için programı yeniden yüklemeyi deneyin.
- mcr.dll başlatmada sorun Belirtilen modül bulunamadı.
- mcr.dll yüklemede hata Belirtilen modül bulunamadı. Veya, Bu uygulama mcr.dll bulunamadığı için başlatılamadı . Yeniden yüklemek bu sorunu giderebilir.
- mcr.dll uygulaması Windows üzerinde çalışmak üzere tasarlanmamış veya hata içeriyor. Programı özgün yükleme medyasını kullanarak yüklemeyi deneyin veya destek için sistem yöneticinize veya yazılım satıcısına başvurun. Veya, mcr.dll programı Windows üzerinde çalışmak üzere tasarlanmadı veya hata içeriyor. Programı özgün yükleme medyasını kullanarak yüklemeyi deneyin veya destek için sistem yöneticinize veya yazılım satıcısına başvurun.
Hataların birçoğu için çözüm, mcr.dll dosyasını bilgisayarınızda Windows sistem dosyasına doğru şekilde yeniden yüklemektir. Alternatif olarak bazı programlar, özellikle bilgisayar oyunları, DLL dosyasının oyun/uygulama kurulum dosyasında olmasını gerektirmektedir.
Detaylı kurulum talimatları için, SSS bölümümüze bakın.- 1 What determines when Easter is each year?
- 2 Why does the date of Easter change every year?
- 3 Why is Easter always on a Sunday?
- 4 How is the date of Orthodox Easter determined?
- 5 What is the rarest date for Easter?
- 6 What is the earliest Easter can be?
- 7 What does Easter mean in 2021?
- 8 What does the Easter Bunny have to do with Jesus?
- 9 Is Easter early this year 2021?
- 10 Who decided when Easter is?
- 11 What is a paschal moon?
- 12 Why is Easter a moveable feast?
- 13 Why is Orthodox Easter different than Catholic?
- 14 Why is it called Easter Monday?
- 15 Do people in Ukraine celebrate Easter?
What determines when Easter is each year?
As a moveable feast, the date of Easter is determined in each year through a calculation known as computus (Latin for ‘computation’). Easter is celebrated on the first Sunday after the Paschal full moon, which is the first full moon on or after 21 March (a fixed approximation of the March equinox).
Why does the date of Easter change every year?
The date of Easter Sunday depends on the spring equinox For people who are not Christian, it is also a time to come together as a family. Unlike Christmas, the date of Easter is subject to change, as its date is determined by a lunisolar calendar.
Why is Easter always on a Sunday?
Easter always occurs on the first Sunday after the Paschal Full Moon (the first full moon that occurs after the vernal equinox, which signifies the beginning of spring in the northern hemisphere), according to The Old Farmer’s Almanac.
How is the date of Orthodox Easter determined?
In most years, Orthodox Easter follows Western Easter by one or more weeks. To determine the Orthodox Easter Sunday date, it is first necessary to find the Julian Easter Sunday date, then to add the number of days which have been “skipped” in the Gregorian calendar.
What is the rarest date for Easter?
The least common dates for Easter Sunday in this period are 22 and 24 March. Reckoned over a complete Gregorian Easter Cycle the least common dates for Easter Sunday are 22 March and 25 April.
What is the earliest Easter can be?
The earliest possible date for Easter is March 22 and the latest possible date is April 25. Easter can never come as early as March 21, however. That’s because, by ecclesiastical rules, the vernal equinox is fixed on March 21.
What does Easter mean in 2021?
Easter 2021 occurs on Sunday, April 4. Easter Sunday and related celebrations, such as Ash Wednesday and Palm Sunday, are considered “moveable feasts,” although, in western Christianity, which follows the Gregorian calendar, Easter always falls on a Sunday between March 22 and April 25.
What does the Easter Bunny have to do with Jesus?
In fact, the rabbit was the symbol of Eostra—the pagan Germanic goddess of spring and fertility. In other words, the Christian holiday of Easter, which celebrated the resurrection of Jesus, became superimposed on pagan traditions that celebrated rebirth and fertility.
Is Easter early this year 2021?
When is Easter in 2021? As we all know, Easter’s date can fluctuate pretty widely each year. While the holiday fell in the middle of the month last year, this year, it’ll be slightly early. Easter Sunday is on April 4 in 2021 —hopefully enough time that the weather will have started warming up!
Who decided when Easter is?
In 325 CE, the Council of Nicaea established that Easter would be held on the first Sunday after the first Full Moon occurring on or after the vernal equinox. (*) From that point forward, the Easter date depended on the ecclesiastical approximation of March 21 for the vernal equinox.
What is a paschal moon?
The Paschal full moon is the first full moon of spring. The first full moon of spring is also designated as the Paschal Full Moon or the Paschal Term — 14 or 15 Nisan on the Jewish Calendar, which is also marks Pesach, or Passover. Easter is observed on the Sunday after the Paschal Full Moon.
Why is Easter a moveable feast?
Easter is a moveable feast celebrated on the first Sunday after the vernal equinox full moon (i.e. on Sunday after the full moon of March). These dates are calculated with the old Gregorian calendar, because it specifies the vernal equinox.
Why is Orthodox Easter different than Catholic?
Why Is The Orthodox Easter Date Different? The Orthodox Easter always falls later than the Catholic one as it is calculated using the same formula, but using the Julian Calendar (as we said above, this is currently 13 days behind the commonly used Gregorian).
Why is it called Easter Monday?
Easter Monday holds religious significance for Christians, as it follows Easter Sunday, the day Jesus Christ was resurrected following his crucifixion on Good Friday. After the 40 days ended, Christians believe that he ascended into heaven.
Do people in Ukraine celebrate Easter?
Easter Day is a public holiday across Ukraine and celebrates Jesus’ resurrection from death, as told in the Christian bible. Ukraine’s Easter holiday follows the Orthodox Easter date, which is often different from the Easter date determined by other Christian churches.African American Applications
Among the Mississippi Choctaws
Week of December 13, 2009
Genealogy Feature of the Week
Native American Genealogy
For many years I have been speaking nationally and hosting a forum devoted to methods of researching ancestors who were rooted in some of the American Indian tribes in the country.
A good amount of my experience originated in the research of my own family from Oklahoma, with its
ties to the Choctaw Nation, in Indian Territory. In 1993, by book on researching African American
ancestors from the Five Civilized Tribes was published. Since that time, I have moderated the African-NativeAmerican Genealogy Forum since 1999, which is the longest continually running forum devoted to
this history. Many times over the years I have received inquiries pertaining to families from states beyond Oklahoma. I have also devoted myself to exploring the records and documents of other groups of people
east of the Mississippi, and have decided to present an arena where research methods for families outside
of Indian Territory can be discussed.
The genealogical methods will not differ in a dramatic way from researching families from other ethnic
groups, but there will be challenges. There are limitations and there can be pitfalls, many of which will be discussed in articles and videos.
Prior to the 20th century, there were differences in the ways that Native Americans were treated in the
census records and there are challenges. Some communities kept official “rolls” now in the public domain and many did not. Other groups may have records, but they are not available for public inspection. The most important rule to follow is that one must maintain the integrity of your research. Utilize sound genealogical methods, follow the
documents, and avoid invention in the analysis of the records. Learn more about THE RECORDS.
Watch the videos that will be forthcoming and let me hear from you!Dark Matter- Researchers have found electrical charge in it
Dark matter comprises a part of universe, and it does not have interaction with light. This truth is already known to us. However, recently, a new research work has revealed that this stuff can contain small electric charge.
New findings of the researchers on Dark Matter–
Till now, we realize the presence of dark matter with gravity. However, Abraham and Julian, the astrophysicists in Harvard University have found that few particles of dark matter comprise a very small amount of electric charge. Thus, this matter may have an interaction with the normal stuffs by applying electromagnetic force. The new idea will be able helpful to make out lots of things on this stuff.
Cooling process and the reasons behind Dark Matter-
Some months ago, the astrophysicists have first traced out the sign, coming out of hydrogen gas.
Several years ago, cold hydrogen gas was moving between various stars. As this gas was very cold, it has the capacity of absorbing radiation, caused due to Big Bang. However, the wavelength of this radiation must be within 21 cm. With the measurement of radiation absorption by the hydrogen gas, the researchers are able to comprehend cosmic origin. By employing the radio antenna (EDGES), the astronomers were capable of detecting the absorption.
Julian thinks it to be the amazing Dark Matter discovery. The most important fact is that hydrogen has absorbed lots of photons. To make the gas much radiation, it has to be cooler. Abraham and Julian believed that the dark matter could be the major factor behind the cooling process. In one of the journals, they have found out the fact that while 1% of this stuff had a little amount of electric charge, it could be elusive. It is also capable of pulling heat from the gas.
We have found several concepts, related to dark matter, and these are intended for clarifying the difference. To make everything clear, we can say that in place of the cooler gas, the radiation could be little hotter, or we might find flaws in measurement or analysis.
EDGES and its findings–
The observation of EDGES is really amazing. Although its researchers have spent 2 years to test out their analysis, they are still looking for better data for confirming the result. While their tests are right, we may not need more detailed clarification. However, Julian has partially elucidated dark-matter.
The scientists are trying to engage lots of tools all over the world to make their observations much detailed. Different types of experiments, including Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array, are intended for assessing the way in which there is a variation in the absorption process throughout the sky. While a little amount of dark matter has electrical charge, it can develop a different mode to the variation.
Although Abraham and Julian have not proved the theory directly through observations, the presence of dark matter with electric charge is helpful to elucidate the data of EDGES. It will also support other research findings.The products of wastewater treatment have been found to contain trace amounts of antibiotic resistant DNA. These products are often reintroduced to the environment and water supply, potentially resulting in the spread of antibiotic resistance. As such, researchers at the University of Southern California Viterbi School of Engineering have been studying the development of these potentially harmful and dangerous genes in wastewater treatment processes. Their findings, published in Environmental Science &Technology, indicate that even low concentrations of just a single type of antibiotic leads to resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics.
“We’re quickly getting to a scary place that’s called a “post-antibiotic world,” where we can no longer fight infections with antibiotics anymore because microbes have adapted to be resilient against those antibiotics,” said Adam Smith, assistant professor of civil and environmental engineering at USC and lead investigator of the study. “Unfortunately, engineered water treatment systems end up being sort of a hot-bed for antibiotic resistance.”
USC says that the majority of the antibiotics we consume are metabolized in our bodies. However, small amounts pass through us in our waste, which are then carried to wastewater treatment plants. At these plants, one of the common ways in which the wastewater is treated is with a membrane bioreactor, which uses both a filtration system and a biological process where microscopic bacteria consume waste products.
While consuming the organic waste, the bacteria encounters the antibiotics and expresses resistance genes that reduce effectiveness of these medicines. These resistance genes can then be passed on from parent to daughter cell and between neighbors through a process known as horizontal gene transfer.
As the bacteria eats, reproduces and grows, an excess is accumulated called biomass. A typical wastewater treatment plant produces tons of biomass every day. Once treated, it is disposed of in landfills or used as a fertilizer for agriculture and livestock feed crops.
In an even more dire scenario, small amounts of antibiotic resistant bacteria and free-floating DNA make it through the filtration membrane and come out the other side of the treatment plant in what is called the effluent, or the water stream that leaves the facility. In Los Angeles, some of this will be dumped into the L.A.River and Pacific Ocean, while the rest is recycled for irrigation, car washes, firefighting, or to replenish groundwater supplied, a common source of drinking water.
The team, also including Ali Zarei-Baygi, the study’s first-author and Ph
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restrictions]
Source: Renato Poggioli, “Storytelling in a Double Key,” in The Phoenix and the Spider, Harvard University Press, 1997, pp. 121-30.
In the following essay excerpt, Peterson examines the “obsession with language and with the power that language can bring to its possessor” in “The Darling.”
On the surface “The Darling” is a comic story. Chekhov himself recognized it as such; moreover, the principles of the comic mode of expression are evident in the story’s obsession with language and with the power that language can bring to its possessor. Other links to Chekhov’s early comic stories include the static and theatrical beginning (reminiscent of stage directions), the circumstantial disruption (rain), allegorical names, and stereotypical characters. The heteroglossia of Chekhov’s early stories is there, but it is more refined, approaching in its finesse the virtuosity of Dickens. “The Darling” is a tour de force of comic “hybrid” narration where several speech manners, several “languages” and belief systems are allowed to exist side by side. And, as in Chekhov’s early comic stories, there is an emphatic distance between the implied author and his characters here. The author is a puppeteer whose control over his characters is total and unchallenged.
But the comic mode is not the only vehicle of meaning here. At a pivotal point in the story the author’s attitude of amused dissociation is replaced by that of sympathy for his character. Now the comic mode becomes too circumscribed to convey the metamorphoses of Chekhov’s heroine. The light garb of the comic story is abandoned as the narration shifts into a more complex mode, where the character is much less “flat,” acquiring more facets to her individuality than before. Darling is the one who undergoes change while the males around her remain within the confines of their stereotypical characters. It is at this point that one, looking back, can discern the evolution of Darling through the stages of princess—woman—witch—vampire—the mythical Psyche—mother (in that order).
Darling—Olga Plemiannikova (her last name is linked to the Russian plemiannik(a nephew)—is a plump rosy-cheeked young girl whom everybody— men and women alike—adores and admires. She first marries a theater-manager Kukin (the association with a rude gesture—kukish—is obvious in the character’s name) who brings happiness and purpose into her lethargic life. After marrying Kukin, Darling begins speaking in her husband’s language— repeating his thoughts and ideas on the state of affairs in the theater, town, the world. Kukin dies unexpectedly, and Darling falls despondent. The major reason for her unhappiness is the lack of a coherent system of communication in her life—she has lost her language. However, soon after Kukin’s death Darling marries again, and happily, a manager of a lumber warehouse, Pustovalov (another allegorical name with connotations of triviality and vacuousness). Once again, Darling is happy with her new husband and immediately adopts his language, system of values, and way of life. He dies too. Darling is again left adrift in life. Her next suitor is a veterinarian Smirnin (“the meek one”) with whom she lives out of wedlock and whose ideas on stock raising, the care of animals, and on illness in general she adopts as avidly as she had assumed her former husbands’ views on other issues. Smirnin leaves, but later returns with his son, Sasha, whom he eventually entrusts to Darling’s care. Now it is the little boy’s thoughts on school, teachers and schoolmates that Darling takes for her own. The closure portrays the pain and joys of Darling’s long-awaited and hitherto unfulfilled motherhood.
The title of the story reveals one of the governing principles of Darling’s characterization—one of “diminution” of the woman. The soul (Russian dusha) is reduced in dimension here to the diminutive “little soul” (Russian dushechka, rendered “darling” in English). This principle is sustained virtually throughout the entire text, where dushechka(little soul) alternates with Olen’ka (little Olga) in descriptions of the main character. As will become obvious later in the discussion of the story, the eventual disruption in this pattern of characterization signals a change in the authorial attitude to Darling and a shift in the overall narrative mode.
Another important principle of characterization here is “scattering.” What is deemed most attractive by those around Darling are the scattered elements of her beauty—her plumpness, roundness, her full neck and firm shoulders. Darling is dismembered by the text into delectable body parts evoking the pleasures of gazing, touching, of sexual satisfaction. “At the sight of her full pink cheeks, her soft white neck with a dark birthmark on it, and the kind artless smile that came into her face when she listened to anything pleasant, men said to themselves, “Yes, not half bad,” and smiled too . . .” When Kukin “had a good look at her neck and her plump firm shoulders, he struck his hand together, and exclaimed, “Darling!”
“She was always enamored of someone and could not live otherwise,” says Chekhov. Before Kukin she loved her father, her aunts and her French teacher. She is brimming with love, her body is ample; but, paradoxically, she is hollow too: without
“The title of the story reveals one of the governing principles of Darling’s characterization--one of ‘diminution’ of the woman. The soul (Russian dusha) is reduced in dimension here to the diminutive ‘little soul’ (Russian dushechka, rendered ‘darling’ in English).”
the other she has neither the means of communication (language) nor of procreation (children).
When male language is not there, when identification through another is impossible, Darling’s feelings and thoughts are animalistic or ritualistic. Before marriage Darling appears on the porch of her house—mute—luxuriating in the anticipation of the approaching evening. After Kukin’s death she compares herself to a hen without a cock. The death of her male is experienced by Darling as an abandonment—but expressed in the form of a ritual lament, another ready-made language designed for a particular event in life.
The languages provided to Darling by her husbands/lovers/authors/potential fathers of her potential children are adopted and consumed. The absorption of another’s language is shown by means of direct quotes from Darling’s husbands in her own speech. The mechanism of the absorption of another through the acquisition of another’s language is underscored by the “symbiotic” construction “my s Vanechkoi” (Vania and I) used by Darling when speaking about her first husband and “my s Vasechkoi” (Vasia and I) when refering to her second. In the Russian construction both persons are subsumed in one first person Plural pronoun my(we). The importance of this detail is brought forth by the narrator when he notes that Darling’s other nickname was “my s Vanechkoi” (Vania and I).
The process of absorption of another through the adoption of his language is supported here on the level of the plot as well. Her own father, whom she had loved before, languishes in the attic—sick and mute—to die sometime in the middle of the story. Kukin gets thinner and yellower, while Darling gets plumper and lovelier. Pustovalov’s demise is presented as accidental, however the immediate cause of death is the tea brewed by Darling at the warehouse.
This seemingly harmless creature is transformed into a witch—her luscious neck a lure, the skillfully woven net into which unsuspecting males are only too eager to fly. Without the source, without the love “that would take possession of her whole being, her soul, her mind, that would give her ideas, a purpose in life, that would warm her aging blood,” she withers away. The black birthmark on the white neck is a barely perceptable flaw, an illusion, or a fantasy, of an earlier, rapacious assault on this wholeness. Darling’s black cat—her constant companion—is another sign that she is now a witch. So are the weekly visits she and Pustovalov pay to the bathhouse, the traditional locus of all prophecy, sorcery, and magical cures in Russian folklore.
The witch here is hidden, concealed under the guise of the diminutive and seemingly innocuous “little soul.” But she is no less dangerous to her unsuspecting victims than the terrifying witch of Russian folklore. The problem which had plagued the little characters of Chekhov in his early comic stories—that of acquiring the language-power— Darling the witch solves simply by consuming the male possessor of that language. The first part of the story portrays the woman as a zero (Darling’s Christian name is Olga) which appropriates, and destroys, the male for the purpose of this woman’s self-embodiment, identification. In Helene Cixous’ formulation of identification (through reading): “When I say “identification,” I do not say “loss of self.” I become, I inhabit, I enter. Inhabiting someone, at that moment I can feel myself traversed by that person’s initiatives and actions.” Darling needs to “inhabit” someone to be happy. She is the ultimate body-snatcher of Russian literature.
But out of a witch here now emerges the mother. Darling’s metamorphosis changes the scope of the story and is the primary source of its ambiguity. Darling’s quest now appears to be a quest for maternal fulfillment. Her passivity, her captivating (literally so) beauty, her adoption of the language of the male, as well as her implied witchcraft appear to be Darling’s rites of passage into motherhood.
Darling is the mythical Psyche whose Eros is not any of her husbands, but the adopted child. “Sasha, small for his age (he was going on ten), chubby, with clear blue eyes and dimples in his cheeks.” He is also blond and mischievous—a lovely Cupid of Classical and Baroque vintage (and from the garishly painted drawing rooms of the Russian gentry). In this story, as in Apuleius’ “Psyche and Eros”: “each physical conquest is a concrete marker of an increase in psychic range, a claim of consciousness to apprehend and use what was formerly forbidden and inaccessible.” But, if, as a modern critic observes, in the myth, “the main representative vehicle is a female who represents not the “feminine” but the human,” in Chekhov’s story the myth of Psyche is interpreted to accommodate the culturally determined view that a woman’s force—her jouissance, to use the term of French feminist criticism—should be channeled into motherhood.
Darling’s jouissance is found in the child. “How she loves him! Not one of her former attachments was so deep; never had her soul surrendered itself so unreservedly, so disinterestedly and with such joy as now when her maternal instinct was increasingly asserting itself. For this little boy who was not her own, for the dimples in his cheeks, for his very cap, she would have laid down her life, would have laid it down with joy, with tears of tenderness. Why? But who knows why?”
But, of course, it is clear, why. Darling’s quest is accomplished; she is finally able to find the mother in herself, to fill a void in the text (the story avoids any mention of Darling’s mother). When she extracts what she needs—a child—she is pacified, and the text spares one of the authors of her languages, the veterinarian Smirnin. Now Darling’s possessiveness is culturally permissible; now the adoption of another’s language and complete surrender to another are no longer suspect, nor ridiculous; for her love and devotion have found a proper channel.
Now the woman is portrayed as a more ambivalent figure. The comic tone of the first part of the story is abandoned, the metamorphosis from witch into mother is signalled in the text by the word “soul” (dusha) used in place of “little soul” (dushechka) to describe Darlings feelings—(“never had her soul surrendered itself so unreservedly. . .”). For the first time in Darling’s life she is ready to give of herself rather than to take away. She gains stature—because the threat of abandonment is both imminent and accepted by Darling as the natural outcome of the mother—male child relationship. Her position is even more complex because she is not Sasha’s natural mother, but, ironically, a pretender for the role. The close of the story anticipates the future abandonment. Little Sasha’s nightmare is a protest against his adoptive mother; it is a premonition of Sasha’s future and inexorable flight from the terrifying force of the feminine. . .
How can Chekhov’s portraits of women in these stories be reconciled with the popular belief that he was, above all, an “objective” writer? It is with this question in mind that Chekhov’s women characters have been scrutinized and diligently categorized into “types.” As a result, Chekhov’s attitude to his female characters has been applauded by some and condemned by others. Surprisingly, however, the humble cultural origins of Chekhov’s views (and his personal idiosyncrasies) have often been overlooked in attempts to mold the writer’s rather contradictory posture toward women (both in his life and work) into something acceptable to his admirers.
The search for culturally appropriate languages shaping the destinies of many Chekhov’s characters finds its source in the fluidity of social identity in late Tsarist Russia. And the path of his characters is profoundly affected by Chekhov’s own experience. In a very direct way Chekhov’s rise to prominence involved the overcoming of the old cultural models linked very closely—through his father—to the religious world of the peasant community. The adoption of new symbolic languages—the secular world of the medical student, as well as the world of the poor and then successful author—must have put an indelible stamp on Chekhov’s consciousness. The chaos of new symbolic systems had to be organized into a new cultural pattern, integrated into a revised system of values; all of which led Chekhov the doctor to adopt avidly the “language of objectivity” preached at Moscow University by his mentor, Professor Zakhar’in.
Undoubtedly, the forces shaping Chekhov’s explication of the feminine are also rooted in his personal (culturally and historically encoded) experience. Chekhov’s reaction to the controversy around “The Witch” and “The Darling” points to a certain psychological trait—a pattern of behavior— which appears to have played a large role in guiding Chekhov’s attitude to women and men, both in work and life. Chekhov’s response to the storm created by the stories was one of detached amusement. This detachment is significant, since here we find Chekhov constructing a barrier between his public and private persona and the “difficult” Darling and Witch— his literary daughters (the same kind of a barrier put up between the implied author and the women characters in the text of these stories.) As with Chekhov’s own relationships with women, a pattern of “conquer and flee” is evident in the author’s “hands off” stance when confronted by a heated critical and popular response to the stories.
Chekhov’s view of women undoubtedly “shared the blindness and exploitative bent of the prevailing patriarchal culture.” Of course, Chekhov was not and could not be a feminist writer, but neither was he a misogynist, as some critics have claimed; rather he was a male writer whose views had been largely formed by his culture and who in turn assisted in this culture’s subsequent development. Chekhov’s early portraits of women had to conform to the rigid prescriptions of the cheap humour magazines where his first stories were published. They reflected the reigning attitudes and tastes of his low-middle class male readers; attitudes and tastes both blind and exploitative. Moreover, stereotypical portrayal of women (and men) is inherent in the comic genre— Chekhov’s chief mode of early writing. In later “straight” stories the stereotypes are fleshed out, made more psychologically round and believable. Nevertheless, the contours of those first, sharply delineated characters
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much achieving a set of goals will cost – so many factors come into play. Some goals require little or no money; others require hard investments in construction and infrastructure. Yet initial financing estimates to implement the SDGs run into the trillions of dollars; much higher than the amount of ODA on the table. UNCTAD estimates that annual investment needs for basic infrastructure, food security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, health and education in developing countries range from US$3.3 to US$4.5 trillion.
If the agenda is to be financed at all, it is clear that these resources will mostly come from private sources. But this means going far beyond philanthropy and our existing understanding of Corporate Social Responsibility. Instead, it is about steering the investment decisions that private actors make every day. These are in the real economy, by companies small and large, as well the investments of actors in the financial sector (banks, pensions companies, hedge funds).
Here the logic is very simple: The financing for development agenda should be largely about ensuring that private investment decisions move us towards the aspirations set out in the post-2015 agenda. To that end, the debate on private sector financing ultimately becomes one about incentives and regulatory frameworks.
Businesses and investors respond to incentives and act within the parameters set by regulatory authorities. Incentives may be enough when business opportunities lead to an alignment with the development agenda. For example, many private operators are driving investment in the deployment of renewable energies. However, when incentives and voluntary actions are insufficient, changes in regulation will also be needed, including on environmental and social impact reporting.
At a minimum, private sector operators should not be making investment decisions that undermine the achievement of the goals and targets: we will need a ‘do no harm’ principle for private investment. For example, if all countries need to be disaster-resilient, then the construction industry needs to adhere to building codes so that buildings can withstand earthquakes. But one step above this, private sector operators should be encouraged to make investments that help to achieve these aims more quickly. For example, an investor could change its business model so that its sourcing policies benefit a bigger range of local suppliers, or invest more in research and development for medicines to tackle neglected diseases.
After the new agenda is agreed, a first commitment from governments could be to review regulatory frameworks at all levels – national, regional and global – to see where they are SDG compatible or incompatible. Of equal importance, governments will need to consider how well regulatory environments fit together, in particular to prevent a regulatory race to the bottom.
For a successful post-2015 development agenda, regulations on private sector financing will be as much of a weapon in the armory of policy-makers as ODA has been for the MDGs.وزیر بهداشت و درمان صبح جمعه برای بازدید از بیمارستان و مراکز بهداشتی و درمانی شهرستان سراب وارد این شهر شد.
به گزارش قلم پرس، بهرام عین الهی در حاشیه حضور بر بالین بیماران کرونایی بیمارستان سراب گفت: روند واکسیناسیون از هفته آینده شتاب می گیرد و کمبود واکسنی برای تامین نیاز گروههای هدف نداریم.
وی با دعوت از بسیج و مردم برای ورود به پای کار گفت: واکسیناسیون باید به مردم سپرده شود و مردم در روند واکسیناسیون مشارکت کنند.
عین الهی پیشگیری و رعایت پروتکل های مراقبتی را مهمترین راهکار برای مصون ماندن از کرونا عنوان کرد و تصریح کرد: برای مهار موج ششم باید بخش عمده ای از مردم تا آبان ماه واکسینه شوند.
وی افزود: از امروز ورود محمولههای قابل توجه واکسن به کشور آغاز شده و تا آخر هفته آینده، ۱۹ میلیون دُز و تا پایان ماهجاری ۴۰ میلیون دُز واکسن وارد کشور خواهد شد.
وزیر بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی، حجم واکسنهای ارسالی به هر استان را بر اساس میزان واکسیناسیون دانست و تصریح کرد: زیرساختهای لازم برای واکسیناسیون گسترده ۲۴ ساعته در سراسر استانها فراهم شود.
- منبع خبر : فارسترسیم نمودار فرآیند یک تصویر واقعی از حالت کنونی یک فرآیند است بنابراین شما می توانید آن را به صورت کامل درک کنید و از این ادراک برای در نظر گرفتن راه های بهبود بخشیدن به آن استفاده کنید. در این مقاله قصد داریم تا گام های ترسیم نمودار فرآیند را که شما برای ایجاد یک ترسیم نمودار فرآیند خوب باید دنبال کنید، پوشش دهیم.
در این زمینه، می توانیم ۱۱ گام برای ترسیم نمودار فرآیند تعیین کنیم که به صورت دنباله ای گام به گام است بنابراین این فعالیت با دقت و به درستی اجرا می شود تا بهترین نتایج به دست آید. هیچ نمودار فرآیندی گام به گام و بدون دنبال کردن چینش منطقی ای از گام ها به انجام نمی رسد.
گام های ترسیم نمودار فرآیند
گام اول: اهداف خود را معلوم کنید
در زنجیره ی ارزش کامل یک سازمان، هر فرآیند هدف معینی دارد که باید در همه ی فعالیت های آن سازمان در نظر گرفته شود و کمک کند تا اهداف نهایی آن ها محقق شوند. در این نقطه ما نیاز داریم که نقش این فرآیند را با درنظر گرفتن محدودیت های آنها درک کنیم: چه دلیلی برای وجود این فرآیند داریم؟
این مرحله، یکی از مهم ترین گام های ترسیم نمودار فرآیند است!
گام دوم: تعیین خروجی های فرآیند
خروجی ها محصول هایی هستند که در انتهای هر فرآیند به دست می آیند. آن ها به سراسر زنجیره ی تولیدی ارزش می دهند تا محصول یا خدمات نهایی شرکت در پایان به دست آید. بسیاری از افراد چون فکر می کنند که خروجی ها حتما باید چیز فیزیکی و ملموسی، مثلا بخشی از محصول نهایی باشند، گیج می شوند. در حقیقت، خروجی ها می توانند انواع گوناگونی داشته باشند مثلا گرافیک، داده، تصمیم گیری، تاییدیه ها و بسیاری موارد دیگر. همان طور که خواهیم دید، دقیقا وقتی که فرآیندها خروجی خود را تحویل می دهند، همچنین ورودی های خود را می گیرند.
گام سوم: مشتری فرایند را تعیین کنید
تعریف تجاری مشتری یعنی کسی که خدمات یا محصولی می خرد را فراموش کنید. در مورد فرآیندها، مشتری ها در واقع افراد یا تیم هایی هستند که خروجی های فرآیند را دریافت می کنند. در این زمینه، به یک تفکیک دقت نمایید:
* مشتری های خارجی: مواردی که بخشی از شرکت نیستند.
* مراجعین داخلی: مواردی که درون سازمان جای دارند.
با اینکه تعریف “مراجعین داخلی” مورد توافق عمومی در جامعه ی BPM نیست، (و بر طبق CBOK تنها “مشتریان خارجی” وجود دارد)، این اصطلاح برای درک روابط میان نواحی عملیاتی در خلال اجرای یک فرآیند، مفید است.
گام چهارم: تعیین ورودی های فرآیند
ورودی ها همه ی عناصری هستند که در خلال فرآیند تغییر داده می شوند تا به زنجیره ی تولیدی ارزش بدهند. آنها می توانند فیزیکی و یا به اشکال دیگر باشند مانند اطلاعات یا داده.
گام پنجم: تعیین اجزای فرآیند
همه ی
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kler çok dikkatli. Sürü kabiliyeti bir evcil hayvanın bir usta veya çoban olmadan bağımsız kararlar almasına izin verir. Bağımsızlığı ile hayvan çok dikkatli ve itaatkardır. Pet tüm komutları yerine getirmek için eğimli, o mükemmel bir arkadaştır. Hayvan sahiplerine çok bağlı, onaylanmamalarına çok kötü tepki veriyor.
Uygun sosyalleşmenin yokluğunda, evcil hayvan agresif ya da tersine, ürkek ve utangaç olarak büyür. "Belçikalı" çocuklu aileler için uygundur. Bu türün her türünün kendi karakter özellikleri vardır:
- Tervuren. Mükemmel bir bekçi, bir sebep olmadan saldırmayacak ve gerekirse, tereddüt etmeden savunmak için acele ediyor.
- Lakenua. "Belçikalılar" ın en iyi huylu temsilcisi, itaatkar ve sakin.
- Groenendael. Gösterişsiz, duyarlı ve meraklı hayvan. Spor ve kurtarma etkinliklerinde katılımcı olabilir.
- Malinois. Bu köpeğin, Belçikalı iklim tarafından sertleşmiş, güçlü içgüdüleri vardır.
Yetiştirme ve eğitim
Evcil hayvanınızı mümkün olduğunca erken eğitmeye başlamalısınız. Bu onun enerjisi ve zekasıyla gösterilir. Hayvan, komutları öğrenmekten mutluluk duyacaktır çünkü doğal olarak sahibini memnun etme arzusu vardır. Ana şey eğlenceli eğitim, kolay ve ilginç olması. İyi davranış, incelik veya övgü ile teşvik edilmelidir. “Belçikalılar” işaret dilini iyi anlar, bir kişinin ruh hali tarafından kolayca yönlendirilir, ancak yeni başlayanlar için uygun değildir.
Köpek sosyalizasyonu
Bu cinsin çekingenliği veya agresifliği bir kusurdur, bu yüzden hayvanın sosyalleşmesi çok önemlidir. Bir yavruda aşağıdaki özelliklerin geliştirilmesini içerir:
- İnsanlara karşı huzur. Alay ve kabadayı bir köpek yavrusu veremezsiniz. Bir kalabalığın içinde bile rahat hissetmeli.
- Köpeklerle iletişimde güven. Bunu yapmak için, Belçika Çoban Malinois yavruları akranları ile yürümek gerekir.
- Hijyen prosedürlerine hazırlık. Köpeğin sakin bir şekilde çırpınması, çığlık atmaması, korkmaması önemlidir.
- Tahriş edici değildir. Sokakta bir siren veya elektrikli süpürgenin kükreme ile, hayvan sakin kalmalıdır.
Belçika Çoban Breed - Koşullar ve Bakım
Köpeğin gerekli oranlarda gelişmesi için yeterli fiziksel aktiviteye ihtiyaç duyar. En iyi içerik, bir ev, bir aviary, bir kulübesi veya bir güvenlik sitesidir. Bir apartmanda bir köpeğin yaşamakta küresel bir sorun olmayacak, ancak daha sık yürümek önemlidir. Bu en az yarım saat süreyle günde iki kez yapılmalıdır. Ardından köpeğin uyarılabilir mizacı hasarlı mobilyalara neden olmaz.
Fiziksel aktivite ve sürekli istihdam
Evde oturan bir evcil hayvan etrafta koşmak isteyecektir, bu yüzden işten sonra uzun yürüyüşler yapacağınızı unutmayın. Köpeğin sıkılmasına izin veremezsin. Ayrıca, hayvana çeşitli oyuncaklar sağlamak için faydalıdır. “Belçikalılar” sürekli bir değer ve istihdam hissine ihtiyaç duyuyor. Hayvan, oyun alanındaki diğer köpeklerle konuşmaktan veya kendisine emanet edilen bölgeyi devriye gezmekten mutlu olacaktır.
Yün nasıl bakım yapılır
Penye yünleri, büyüme yönünde yumuşak hareketlerle tavsiye edilir. Sert, ancak kalın değil daha iyi fırçalayın. Bir köpek yavrusu haftada iki kez taranır, bir yetişkin köpek için bir kez yeterlidir. Kalıplama sırasında, prosedür daha yumuşak bir astarın çıkarılmasıyla daha sık gerçekleştirilebilir. Malinois köpek ırkı hassas bir cilde sahiptir, bu yüzden bunları sadece özel ürünlerle satın alabilir ve yılda 2-4 kez geçemezsiniz.
Saç kesimi yasağı
Belçikalı çoban hiç saç kesimi gerektirmez. Bu tam prosedür yasaktır. Bunun nedeni, tek seferlik bir seansın bile saçın normal büyümesini bozacağı ve istenen uzunluğa ulaşmayacağıdır. Sonuç - hayvan diskalifiye edici bir özellik kazanacak ve bu da ırk standardını bozacaktır. Sadece ayak parmaklarının ayakları arasında sadece tıraş olabilir, ancak gerektiğinde.
Güç özellikleri
Belçikalı bir köpeği beslemek günlük çeşitli yiyecekler gerektirir. Etin diğer ürünlerle kombinasyon halinde verilmesi tavsiye edilir. Yağlı yiyecekleri kötüye kullanamazsınız, çünkü alerji riskini artırır. Bir hayvanın aşırı beslenmesi de imkansızdır, aksi takdirde obezite gelişebilir. Köpeğin belirli saatlerde yemek yemesini öğretmek daha iyidir. Yemek için bitmiş beslemeyi kullanabilirsiniz. Doğru seçmek için, yetiştiriciye danışmak daha iyidir.
Ağırlığı ve yaşı dikkate alınarak evcil hayvanın ihtiyaçları ile satın alınan yiyecekler. Genel olarak, Belçika Çobanının şu bileşenlere ihtiyacı vardır:
- Normal gelişim için gerekli olan proteinler. Buna balık, yumurta, et, süt ürünleri dahildir.
- Enerji sağlayan karbonhidratlar. Bunlar tahıllarda bulunur - pirinç, karabuğday, inci arpa.
- Enerjinin birikmesinden sorumlu olan yağlar. Sebze ve tereyağı bakımından zengindirler.
Belçika Çoban yavruları - seçim kriterleri
Bir hayvan satın almadan önce, cinsiyetini belirlemek önemlidir. Optimal yavru yaşı 1.5-2 aydır. Bu köpekler eğitim ve sosyalleşme için hazır. Aşağıdaki kriterlere göre bir köpek yavrusu seçilir:
- Fırsatlar. Bir yavru köpeğe bakıp bakamayacağınızı gerçekçi olarak değerlendirmek gerekir. “Belçikalı” çok yer, düzenli yürüyüş ve egzersiz gerektirir. Böyle bir cins bir ev sahibi karakteri ile insanlar çalışmayacak.
- Yavru ve anne koşulları. Yer kuru ve temiz olmalıdır.
- Çöpteki yavru sayısı. Ne kadar azsa, hayvanlar daha güçlüdür.
- Belgeler. Sağlıklı durumlarını sağlamak için anne ve köpek yavrusu metriği için veterinerlik pasaportuna bakmanız gerekir.
Nereden satın alınır
Bir yetişkin köpeğin doğasını kestirmek için özel testler yaptıkları özel köpek kulübelerinde bir köpek yavrusu satın almak daha iyidir. Bu özellikle sergilere katılacak dış bir hayvanı yetiştirmeyi planlayanlar için önemlidir. İyi bir kreş kesinlikle bir köpek yavrusu, aşılar hakkında işaretler vardır tıbbi kitap sağlayacaktır. Moskova'da, aşağıdaki organizasyonlarda bir köpek yavrusu satın alabilirsiniz:
- kreş RutaHof;
- Kennel solodan;
- kreş GARDERUS.
Ne kadar
Bir köpek yavrusu seçerken değerine dikkat etmelisiniz. Çok düşük bir fiyat şüpheli olmalıdır. Bu yavrular safkan olmayabilir, gelişimsel kusurları, kalıtsal hastalıkları ve diğer sorunları olabilir. Malinois köpek ırkı aşağıdaki yaklaşık maliyete sahiptir:
Benim bekçi köpeğim
Köpek Blog - Benim Watchdog
Belçika çoban
Belçika Çoban Köpeği dekoratif bir evcil hayvan değil, sade bir kanepe köpeği değil. Cins sağlam bir ustanın el ve zorunlu profesyonel eğitim gerektirir. Eğer sizi korkutmazsa, yüzünde akıllı, eğitimli, organize edilmiş ve bir araya getirilmiş hizmet köpeği olacaksınız, bu da güvenilir arkadaşınız olabilir. Ülkemizde, cins nadirdir, ancak buna ilgi sürekli artmaktadır. Her türlü Belçika, cins özellikleri ve bakım, bakım ve eğitim nüansları ile tanışalım.
Türün kökeni
Belçika çobanının ataları, XVIII yüzyılın sonunda sayısız Belçika merasının korunmasını sağlayan çoban köpekleriydi. Hepsi birbirinden farklıydı. Bir grup amatör köpek meraklısı iddialı bir hedef belirledi - yeni bir sürü köpek sürüsü getirmek ve onu Belçika'nın ulusal hazinesi yapmak. Proje, veteriner hekimliği profesörü olan Adolph Reul tarafından yönetildi.
1891'de amatör köpek yetiştiricileri çalışmaya başladı, planlarını yürütmek için 6 yılını aldı. Seçim sonucunda dört çeşit Belçika Çoban Köpeği doğdu: Malinois, Groenendael, Tervuren, Lachenois. Bunların hepsi benzer özelliklere sahipti, aradaki fark ise renkti: renk, uzunluk ve saç kalitesi. Her bir tür için standartlar, 20. yüzyılın başında yayınlanmıştır.
Cins isimlerinin kökeni tarihi ilginçtir.
- Tervurenov ırkın keşfinin yerli şehri onuruna.
- Malinois, türün türetildiği bölgedeki Malin kentinin adından gelir.
- Gruenendalpoluchili, adını, cins yetiştiricilerin çalıştığı, adını taşıyan Belçika kasabasından almıştır.
- Lakenua görünüşünü Laken kalesine borçludur - Belçika çobanının progenitor ırklarından birinin yetiştiricilerini yaşamıştır.
Belçika'da bir süreliğine, Fransız dili ve lehçeleri resmen kullanılmış, bunlarla birlikte Fransız tavırlarının isimlerinin telaffuz edilmesi korunmuştur: malinois
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They will act like they are in heat and males will be attracted to them, but there will be no vaginal discharge.
Vasectomy is a surgical procedure for the male dogs.Vasectomy will prevent sperm from entering into the seminal stream and will make the male dog sterile, but the hormones intact. The hormones will aid in his anatomy and bone developments. A vasectomised dog will act like an fully intact male dog, but he will not be able to contribute to the future bloodline.
Our honest opinion, Vasectomy and Ovary Sparing Spay will not only keep your dog sterile, but also prevent cancerous illnesses that can be caused by the lack-of-hormones in the future and this is the ideal way of sterilisation for us. The only downside is that dogs that go through this procedures will act like intact dogs, and they will need to be better handled than fully sterilised dogs, very often they will need a tougher and firmer handler.
With these newer options, owners can now decide which methods will best benefit their dogs. As always, not all dogs are the same, it is up to the owners to decide which is best for their dogs.Tar Lazio - sentenza n. 7509/2003
Sì a causa di servizio per ambiente di lavoro insalubre
Si riconosce la causa di servizio ad un lavoratore affetto da TBC primaria con pleurite, se accertato che ha lavorato in un ambiente insalubre e malsano con repentini abbassamenti della temperatura, tra infiltrazioni di aria e acqua piovana causate dallo stato di degrado delle pareti e dei soffitti.ویکی حج:تابلوی اعلانات
پرش به ناوبری پرش به جستجو
ساختار مداخل[ویرایش مبدأ]
- هر مدخل نیاز به شناسه، دستهبندی، لینکدهی، عکس، جعبه اطلاعات، جعبه ناوبری، جعبه نقل قول، الگوهای ویکی، اصلاح پانویس و منابع، اصلاح متن، پیوند به بیرون، برای مطالعه بیشتر، تغییر مسیرها و رده مناسب دارد.
- شناسه علاوه بر توضیح کلمه، چکیدهای از کل متن است. در شناسه به مهمترین مطالب مقاله به خصوص ارتباط با حج و شبه جزیره اشاره میشود.
- پس از دستهبندی، تا حد امکان متن مقاله نیز براساس دستههای ایجاد شده اصلاح شود.
- در لینکدهی دقت شود که حتیالامکان به عنوان اصلی مداخل لینک شود. مرجع برای عنوان مداخل نیز دانشنامه حج و حرمین شریفین است.
- مداخل براساس موضوع ممکن است بیش از یک عکس داشته باشد. منبع عکسها، میتواند کتاب یا پایگاه اینترنتی باشد که در توضیحات عکس حتما باید نام کتاب یا سایت و همچنین آدرس دقیق آن ذکر شود. همچنین تصاویری نیز در پژوهشکده حج و زیارت موجود است که از آنها نیز میتوان استفاده کرد.
- تقریبا اکثر مداخل ویکیحج نیاز به جعبه اطلاعات مناسب دارند و کاربران موظف به ایجاد این جعبهاطلاعاتها هستند.
- تمام مداخل باید جعبه ناوبری مناسب داشته باشند و ممکن است برای برخی مداخل بیش از یک جعبه ناوبری نیاز باشد.
- جعبه نقل قول صرفا جهت زیبایی صفحه یا اهمیتدادن به قسمتی از متن است و برای صفحات کوتاه ضرورتی ندارد.
- الگوهایی مانند اصلی، پانویس، منابع، جا:ویرایش و ... به تناسب در متن استفاده شود. همچنین اگر الگویی مورد نیاز بود و در ویکیحج موجود نبود، کاربران آن را ایجاد کنند یا به دیگر کاربران اطلاع دهند.
- شیوه ارجاع در پانویس به صورت عنوان کتاب، جلد و صفحه و در منابع به صورت کتابشناسی کامل است.
- نمونه پانویس: مجمع البحرین، ج۱، ص۱۴۱.
- نمونه منابع: مجمع البحرین: فخرالدين بن محمد الطريحي (م.۱۰۸۵ق.)، تحقیق سید احمد حسینی، تهران، فرهنگ اسلامی، ۱۴۰۸ق.
- الگوی منابع در بخش منابع اضافه شود. همچنین اولین منبع همیشه استفاده از الگوی دانشنامه است که اطلاعات آن به طور کامل اضافه شود. (دقت شود که در بخش ارجاع به متن اصلی دانشنامه آدرس پایگاه دانشنامه حج و حرمین شریفین: «http://phz.hajj.ir» است؛ نه Hajj.ir.)
- اصلاح متن به صورت حداقلی است. با این وجود به جهت ایجاد و تغییر تیترها، معمولا جملات متن بهخصوص جملات ابتدایی تغییر پیدا میکند. ضمن اینکه ممکن است برخی مقالات دانشنامه، بیش از اندازه به مطالب غیرمرتبط با حج پرداخته باشد که نیاز است این موارد تلخیص شود. نمونه این مداخل، مقاله «ازدواج موقت» است که باتوجه به اینکه عمده این مدخل به مبحث غیرمرتبط با حج پرداخته است، قسمتهای غیرمرتبط باید در حد توضیح عنوان تلخیص یابد. به طور کلی در نظر ویکینویس باید این باشد که پایگاه «ویکیحج» است و اختصاص به مداخل مرتبط با حج و زیارت دارد.
- در برخی موارد نیاز است که یک مدخل دانشنامه تبدیل به دو یا چند مدخل ویکیایی شود. در این صورت باید این کار صورت پذیرد؛ البته با مدیر نیز هماهنگی صورت گیرد.
- بخش پیوند به بیرون قبل از پانویس میآید و اختصاص به مقالات و مطالب اینترنتی دارد. علاوه بر جستجو در گوگل، حتما از نورمگز، sid.ir و iasj.net استفاده شود. اگر مقاله و مطلب عربی نیز یافتید، لطفا اضافه کنید.
- بخش برای مطالعه بیشتر، بالاتر از پیوند به بیرون و پانویس میآید و به کتابهایی اختصاص دارد که کل متن یا بخش عمده آن کتاب به مدخل مربوطه پرداخته باشند. جستجو در پایگاه کتابخانه ملی ایران، lib.ir و الفهرست العربی الموحد و الفهرست العراقی الموحد انجام شود.
- ایجاد تغییر مسیر محدودیت ندارد. برای هر مدخل تا حد امکان تغییر مسیر ساخته شود. یاء و کاف عربی، فاصله یا نیم فاصله، عنوان معروف و غیر معروف از این نوع تغییر مسیرهاست که باید ایجاد شود.
- برای ایجاد رده، رجوع به مقالات همعرض و مشابه الزامی است. در برخی موارد نیز نیاز به ایجاد رده جدید است. پس از ساخت رده، حتما آن رده را ایجاد کرده و تا ردهی مادر (ویکیحج) ردههای مناسب آن نیز ساخته شود. برای مشاهده ردههای سایت، درختواره ویکیحج را ببینید.
- پس از تکمیل مدخل و حذف الگوی «جا:ویرایش»، رده «مقالههای تکمیلشده» را به مدخ
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1 '(0=Low, 1=Normal, 2=High)
'objCDOMail.AttachFile "c:/file.txt", "file.txt"
' Send the message!
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' invalid after calling the Send method.
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Response.Write "Message sent to " & strTo & "!"من از علاقمندان ایمنی کامپیوتر هستم و معمولا به بقیه در مورد حداقل طول پسورد تذکر می دهم (حداقل ۸ حرف متشکل از حروف بزرگ و کوچیک و عدد!). مایکروسافت هم انگار از دیروز طرفدار ایمنی شده و توصیه خاص خودش رو داره. نگاهی به صفحه دانش نامه مایکروسافت نشون می ده که حداقل طول پسوردش برای MIT Realm، ۱۸۷۷۰ حرف است و علاوه بر این، شما اجازه ندارید از ۳۰۶۸۹ پسورد آخر خود استفاده کنید و باید یک پسورد جدید به سیستم بدهید!.
این اشتباه بامزه تا از این لحظه که اصلاح نشده ولی محض احتیاط فعلا یک اسکرین شات از این سوتی عظیم می ذارم این پایین تا اگر اصلاح شد، اصل جریان باقی بمونه.
نکته : عبارت عبور، مثل مسواک است: فقط متعلق به شما است و نباید آن را به کس دیگری بدهید و هر دو شش ماه یکبار هم حتما باید عوضش کنید.آیا ملکه انگلیس هیچ دخالتی در امور حکومت انگلستان نداشت؟
بی بی سی فارسی در گزارش خود با عنوان برابری تاریخی دختران و پسران خانواده سلطنتی بریتانیا بر سر تاج و تخت اعلام کرد که در بریتانیا، مقام سلطنت جنبهٔ تشریفاتی و نمادین دارد و اگرچه بسیاری از نهادهای حکومتی به نام پادشاه یا ملکه این کشور فعالیت میکنند، اما او دارای اختیارات اجرایی و در نتیجه، مسئولیت سیاسی نیست و تصمیمات حکومتی، حتی در مورد بسیاری از موضوعهای مربوط به خاندان سلطنتی و نهاد سلطنت، به نام پادشاه یا ملکه اما توسط دولت، پارلمان و سایر نهادها اتخاذ و اجرا میشوند.
اما دیوید پگ خبرنگار گاردین با اشاره به عدم شفافیت خاندان سلطنتی و دخل و تصرف در امور حکومتی در مقاله ای نوشته است: بیش از 1000 قانون توسط ملکه یا شاهزاده چارلز از طریق یک رویه محرمانه قبل از تصویب توسط نمایندگان منتخب پارلمان بریتانیا مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. تعداد زیادی از قوانین مشمول بازرسی سلطنتی موضوعاتی از عدالت، امنیت اجتماعی، حقوق بازنشستگی، روابط نژادی و سیاست غذایی گرفته تا قوانین مبهم در مورد هزینه های پارکینگ خودرو و هواناو را پوشش می دهد. آنها شامل پیش نویس قوانینی بودند که بر دارایی شخصی ملکه مانند املاک خصوصی او در بالمورال و ساندرینگهام و به طور بالقوه هر چیزی که به نظر می رسید شخصاً بر او تأثیر می گذارد تأثیر می گذاشت.
حذف قوانین نظارتی بر خاندان ملکه
گاردین پایگاه داده ای از حداقل 1062 لایحه را که از ابتدای سلطنت الیزابت دوم تا امروز ادامه دارد، با رضایت ملکه تهیه کرده است. پایگاه داده نشان می دهد که رویه مبهم رضایت ملکه بسیار گسترده تر از آنچه قبلاً تصور می شد اعمال شده است. بر اساس این رویه، وزرای دولت به طور خصوصی بندهایی را در پیش نویس لوایح پارلمانی به ملکه اطلاع می دهند و از او برای بحث در مورد آنها رضایت می خواهند. گاردین به عنوان بخشی از مجموعه تحقیقاتی درباره استفاده از روش رضایت، اسنادی از آرشیو ملی منتشر کرده است که نشان می دهد ملکه در مواردی از این روش برای لابی خصوصی با دولت استفاده کرده است. تحقیقات شواهدی را کشف کرد که نشان میدهد او از این روش برای متقاعد کردن وزرای دولت برای تغییر قانون شفافیت دهه 1970 استفاده کرده است تا ثروت خصوصی خود را از مردم پنهان کند. این اسناد همچنین نشان میدهد که در موارد دیگر مشاوران پادشاه خواستار حذف قوانین پیشنهادی مربوط به ایمنی جادهها و سیاستهای زمینی شدهاند که به نظر میرسد بر املاک وی تأثیر میگذارد، و بر تغییر سیاست دولت در مورد مکانهای تاریخی فشار میآورند. پایگاه داده 1062 قانون مربوط به قوانینی است که ملکه بر اساس قوانین رضایت بررسی کرده است و مشخص نیست که او در چه مواردی برای تغییرات در پیش نویس قانون لابی کرده است. گاردین شواهدی مبنی بر لابی گری برای تغییر حداقل چهار پیش نویس قانون کشف کرده است، اما این احتمال وجود دارد که او در بسیاری از قوانین دیگر دخالت کرده باشد. هنگامی که گاردین در این مورد سوالاتی را مطرح کرد، نمایندگان ملکه از گفتن اینکه او از زمانی که در سال 1952 به سلطنت رسید چند بار درخواست تغییر در قانون کرده است، خودداری کردند. خانواده سلطنتی روند رضایت را به عنوان "کنوانسیون طولانی مدتی توصیف می کنند که مجلس از ملکه خواسته می شود تا رضایت خود را برای بحث در مورد لوایحی ارائه کند که بر حق یا منافع تاج تأثیر می گذارد." پایگاه داده ای که توسط گاردین گردآوری شده است، بخش وسیعی از پیش نویس قانون بریتانیا را نشان می دهد که وزرا تصمیم گرفته اند برای بررسی به کاخ ارسال کنند. برخی از لوایحی که ملکه قبل از تصویب آنها بررسی
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هام شرکت پایانه های نفتی ایران، عملکرد این شرکت در همه بخشهای مالی، فنی، عملیاتی، پشتیبانی و منابع انسانی در سال مالی 1400 را مطلوب ارزیابی کرد.
به گزارش پایگاه اطلاع رسانی شرکت پایانه های نفتی ایران، جلسه مجمع عمومی صاحبان سهام با حضور عباس اسدروز مدیرعامل و اعضای هیات مدیره شرکت پایانه های نفتی ایران در تاریخ ۲۹ تیر در سالن جلسات هیات مدیره شرکت ملی نفت ایران برگزار گردید.
مجمع عمومی نمایندگان صاحبان سهام شرکت پایانه های نفتی ایران پس از گزارش صورت های مالی و عملکرد شرکت توسط حسابرس مستقل، عملکرد این شرکت را در زمینه صورت های مالی سال ۱۴۰۰ و گزارش عملکرد هیآت مدیره در تمام بخشهای فنی عملیاتی، پشتیبانی، منابع انسانی را به نحوه مطلوب ارزیابی نمود.
(چهارشنبه ۲۹ تیر ۱۴۰۱)
۱۶:۳۲“There was no possibility of taking a walk that day.” With this simple opening line, Charlotte Brontë presents the confined situation of Jane Eyre. There are any number of ways in which Brontë could have signaled that Jane is trapped. She could have begun her novel with Jane locked in a room by her aunt or her cousins. She could have lodged Jane’s foot in a crevice or thick mud. She could have dressed Jane in constricting clothing that the growing orphan had really outgrown. Instead, Brontë made the point in a way that was probably most meaningful to Brontë herself: Jane couldn’t walk outdoors.
We could, though—and did we ever. Yesterday gave us cloudless skies for our visit to the Brontë home in Haworth, making a walk on the moors not only possible but practically imperative.
We have spent a good deal of time this semester talking about how stories are shaped by the places in which they’re written and, reciprocally, how places acquire meaning from the stories in which they appear. The first line of Jane Eyre is clearly influenced by the Brontë sisters’ habit of walking the very paths we walked yesterday. Charlotte and Emily, in particular, wrote stories shaped by their daily experience of the earth and air in North Yorkshire.
“What the Brontës cared for and lived in most,” wrote Charlotte’s dear friend Ellen Nussey, “were the surrounding of nature, the free expanse of hill and mountain, the purple heather, the dells and glens, and brooks, the broad sky view, the whistling winds, the snowy expanse, the starry heavens, and the charm of that solitude and seclusion which sees things from a distance without the disturbing atmosphere which lesser minds are apt to create.”
The title and poster of the 2016 movie on the Brontë sisters, filmed in several of the locations we visited yesterday, uses walking on the moors as a metaphor for the sisters’ lives and work.
If the Brontës’ experience of this place shaped their stories, however, the stories have now also shaped the place. The little town of Haworth now has Brontë Street, Shirley Street, Branwell Road, and Heathcliff Street—and those are just the ones I noticed myself. The shaping hand of those novels even reaches far out onto the moors. Top Withens is the name of the ruined farm to which we hiked, and the battered old barn bears a plaque that testifies to the mutual influences of fact and fiction that have defined the place:
“This farmhouse has been associated with Wuthering Heights, the Earnshaw home in Emily Brontë’s novel. The building, even when complete, bore no resemblance to the house she described, but the situation may have been in her mind when she wrote of the moorland setting of the heights. This plaque has been placed here in response to many inquiries. The Brontë Society, 1964.”
So the actual setting might have inspired Emily Brontë’s novel, which is now the filter through which many people see that setting. Top Withens, for many people, hovers in a liminal space between fact and fiction.
In fact, Jane Eyre explicitly uses liminal spaces to achieve many of its effects. Several significant encounters in the book occur at stiles, low places in a stone fence that allow humans (but not animals) to pass from one field to another. And throughout the novel, characters ask one another whether they are goblins, elves, sprites, or fairies. A first-time reader is often asking herself exactly what kind of book she’s reading: is this realism, or is it the kind of story where supernatural forces, creatures, and premonitions need to be taken seriously?
It is partly this tension between no-nonsense realism and fantasy that animates Jane Eyre herself. She is noted for the plainness of both her dress and her manner of speaking: she tells the plain truth, sometimes bluntly. There is an old anecdote in Yorkshire of a salesman calling into a shop to see whether the shop owner needs any of his wares, and the owner replies that he doesn’t. Because they’re both plain, direct Yorkshiremen, however, the entire conversation takes only two syllables:
Sorted. Jane has a bit of that Yorkshire directness about her, and she—like the men in the anecdote—might well have picked up this quality from the Yorkshire landscape itself: sparse, vigorous, and elemental.
At the same time, however, Jane is often described as having an elvish elusiveness, the mysterious, superhuman energy of a fairy or a spirit. “You have rather the looks of another world,” Rochester tells her. “I marveled where you had got that sort of face. When you came on me in Hay Lane last night, I thought unaccountably of fairy tales, and I had half a mind to demand whether you had bewitched my horse.”
The moors, too, feel as if they have a quality other than the four elemental ones of earth, air, water, and fire. It is a fantasy landscape, and not just because most of my group photos looked like a still from The Fellowship of the Ring. “Lunar” is the word that always came to mind. If I were riding across this moor when I encountered a plainly dressed young woman on her own, I too might think she had come from another world; and if my horse were suddenly to slip, I too might blame the woman for bewitching my horse. (And there, Lord willing, my similarity to Rochester ends.)
Above, I quoted Ellen Nussey’s memory of the Brontës’ deep love for their natural environment, which included “the charm of that solitude and seclusion which sees things from a distance without the disturbing atmosphere which lesser minds are apt to create.” Nussey continues, however, to clarify the kind of “seclusion” of which she speaks when remembering the sisters and their walks:
“For it was not the seclusion of a solitary person, such as Charlotte endured in after days, and which in time becomes awfully oppressive and injurious. It was solitude and seclusion shared and enjoyed with intelligent companionship, and intense family affection.”
It was a shared solitude: Charlotte and Anne and Emily were alone together. Charlotte Brontë outlived her siblings, however, and eventually she walked these moors alone, haunted by the memories with which they had filled the empty space. It was heartbreaking. I can only imagine that moors became, at that point, the very worst kind of liminal space: somewhere between past happiness and present grief, between literal loneliness and remembered companionship. I hung back from the group a bit on our long return to the bus, walking along with this image of poor Charlotte and gratefully reflecting on the fact that my own companions—the noisy, laughing students up ahead—were very much present.
Well, okay. The above reflections are all well and good, in their bookish sort of way, but I’ll bet that if you asked many of the students what they remember about the excursion to Haworth, they’ll immediately say, “the soup.”
Our guide for the day was the incomparable Johnnie Briggs of Bronte Walks, who took us all around the town, stopping for several minutes in various locations to tell us the full history of the Bronte family, beginning with the story of Patrick (the sisters’ father). Johnnie is a master storyteller who has been doing this for years. He doesn’t use notes, and he knows exactly how to ask questions to keep students engaged. I marveled at his teaching style.
When we first arrived, however, and sat down in a small church room to learn about the birth of Patrick Bronte, he wanted to make sure that we were well fed. There were apples, oranges, and fruit juices on the table. Johnnie himself made coffee and brewed tea for everyone. When returned from our tour of the town to set off on our moor walk, there was bread and cheese. And when we returned from the moor walk, there was all of that—plus a large pot of homemade soup, homemade scones (with jam and clotted cream), and a homemade cake. At several points throughout the day, as more food was revealed, several students turned to me with wide, disbelieving eyes. “Where did you find this guy?”
It turned out to be Johnnie’s birthday, no less. We all sang.
None of the food was fancy. All of it was delicious, and of course all the more so for being unexpected, made by hand, and offered by an exceedingly gracious host. As if a thorough history and vigorous walk were not enough, we also received a master class in hospitality.Secondo voci di corridoio nel quartier generale di Qualcomm, noto produttore di chip per dispositivi mobili, i manager sono sobbalzati quando Apple ha presentato il processore A7 a 64 bit. La società è riuscita in poco tempo a superare tecnologicamente Qualcomm che di 64 bit non era riuscita a fare nulla.
Secondo altre indiscrezioni, inoltre, Apple sta già pensando anche alla prossima mossa, che vedrà un processore A8 rivoluzionario nel 2014. Digitimes dice che Cupertino sta già progettando un chip a 14-16 nanometri, contro i 28 nanometri del chip A7 attuale.
Questa tecnologia permetterà di costruire processori più piccoli, potenti ed energicamente efficienti. La società dovrebbe riuscire a lasciare a Samsung tra il 20 e il 30% del suo fabbisogno, spostando la produzione più grande a TSMC.The question is often asked, “what size memory card should I buy?” The answer varies greatly and depends a lot on the megapixel count of your digital camera and how many photos or videos you take at a given time.
The actual number of images or length of video you can capture on a memory card depends on other things, too, such as the image resolution and compression settings you select in your camera, or if you shoot RAW.
Several other factors determine the actual size of an image such as amount of detail and number and shades of colors it contains. For example, the file size of a black and white image will be smaller than the same scene taken in full color. RAW files are much larger than JPEGs so keep that in mind when buying memory cards. For example, a test photo shot with a 10 MP camera, the RAW file was approximately 11.5 MB while the JPEG was 1.6 MB!
If you use Secure Digital memory cards, be sure to read about Secured Digital High Capacity cards and Extended capacity memory cards and their special features and requirements. There are also high capacity Compact Flash cards.
|Memory Card Capacity*|
|Camera||File size*||4GB||8GB||16GB||32 GB|
|5 MP||1.5 MB||2,400||5,000||10,000||20,300|
|6 MP||1.7 MB||2,000||4,300||8,700||17,300|
|10 MP||2.9 MB||1,200||2,500||5.000||10,100|
|16 MP||4.6 MB||700||1,600||3,200||6,400|
|21 MP||6.4 MB||550||1,100||2,300||4,600|
|VIDEO||HD1880p (5 Mbps)||–||–||02:00||04:00|
|*average file size for a high resolution JPEG Source: Lexar Media|
How many memory cards?
Many digital photographers have at least two memory cards, not only for the extra capacity but for security. If one card is lost, or if it becomes corrupted, you have an additional one on hand.
For those who shoot a lot of video with a digital camera, get the largest capacity card you can afford. Some photographers set aside one card just for shooting video.
Most digital cameras made during the last few years can take high speed cards and they are worth the extra cost.
Memory cards are relatively inexpensive compared to just a few years ago so get the highest capacity you can afford. It’s better to have extra capacity than to run out of capacity.خبر " کسانی که با ارز دیجیتال به اوکراین کمک کردهاند، در یک ایردارپ شرکت داده میشوند از منبع ارز دیجیتال " با موضوع CryptoNews-ارز دیجیتال در تاریخ ۱۴۰۰/۱۲/۱۱ منتشر شد.
دولت اوکراین قصد دارد برای تشکر از کاربرانی که در جریان جنگ با روسیه، با ارزهای دیجیتال به این کشور کمک مالی کرد اند، یک ایردراپ برگزار کند. هنوز مشخص نیست ک
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通气器减速器工作时，箱体内温度升高，气体膨胀，压力增大，为使箱内热胀空气能自由排出，以保持箱内外压力平衡，不导致润滑油沿分箱面或轴伸密封件等其他缝隙渗漏，通常在箱体顶部装设通气器。轴承盖为稳固轴系控件的轴向位置并经受轴向载荷，轴承座孔两端用轴承盖封闭。轴承盖有凸缘式和嵌入式两种。利用六角螺栓不变在箱体上，外伸轴处的轴承盖是通孔，其中装有密封安设。凸缘式轴承盖的优点是拆装、调整轴承方便，但和嵌入式轴承盖相比，组件数目较多，尺寸较大，外表不平整。
一.轴封结构设计不合理。早期的减速机多采用油沟、毡圈式轴封结构，组装时使毛毡受压缩产生变形，而将结合面缝隙密封起来。如果轴颈与密封件接触不十分理想，由于毛毡的补偿性能极差，密封在短时间内即失效。油沟上虽有回油孔，但极易堵塞，回油作用难以发挥。减速机内压大于外界大气压是漏油的主要原因之一，如果设法使机内、机外压力均衡，漏油就可以防止。减速机虽都有透气帽，但透气孔太小，容易被煤粉、油污堵塞，而且每次加油都要打开检查孔盖板，打开一次就增加一次漏油的可能性，使原本不漏的地方也发生泄漏。
减速机所使用的润滑油等油液，也会在高温的效应下变稀或变质，形成泄漏或润滑作废。丝杆升降机的发热和漏油蜗轮丝杠升降机在设计时鉴于提升运转效率的目的，所选取的蜗轮都以有色金属作为主要材料，蜗杆多使用硬质钢材，故而在滑动摩擦传动的运转过程中，蜗轮蜗杆就会产生较大的热量，进步减速机的温度。减速机蜗杆轴承损坏 蜗轮蜗杆减速机的蜗杆轴承损坏主要表现为轴承的生锈、腐蚀等，发生这一问题的主要缘由是减速向内的齿轮润滑不足，或是齿轮油被乳化而产生的润滑作废。
二.为此，制作了一种油杯式透气帽，并将原来薄的检查孔盖板改为6mm厚，将油杯式透气帽焊在盖板上，透气孔直径为6mm，便于通气，实现了均压，而且加油时从油杯中加油，不用打开检查孔盖板，减少了漏油机会。要使被齿轮甩在轴承上多余的润滑油不在轴封处积聚，必须使多余的润滑油沿一定方向流回油池，即做到畅流。具体的做法是在轴承座的下瓦中心开一个向机内倾斜的回油槽，同时在端盖直口处也开一缺口，缺口正对回油槽，这样多余的润滑油经缺口、回油槽流回油池。发现擦伤、胶合及分明磨耗，必需选取能用措施。备件一定按标准兴办，更新的备件务必经过跑合和负载试车后，才能正式使用。油量油温经常审查螺栓紧固程度和油量。减速机的油位低于游标尺的下刻度线应即刻添补油。循环油润滑应留心美丽的转化，当油压油分明下降时，应审查清洗滤油网。散热审查 为使减速机易于散热，其外面面应保持干净，通气孔不得堵塞。如箱体升温过高，应检验是不是油位过高，能否周围散热条件不好，油质老化，或者冷却水量不够，冷却盘管内结垢冷却效能不好等因由。
减速机运转环境恶劣，常会出现消耗、渗漏等缺陷，运转中的减速机很容易出现纰漏，差池的主要表现模式有如下几种：减速机轴承室磨耗，其中又包涵壳体轴承箱、箱体内孔轴承室、变速箱轴承室的消耗；这些污物会降低轴承的寿命，引起齿轮安设的趁早报废，从而 要借助于频繁替换机油来维护。制度管理 用户应有适宜使用维护规章制度，对减速机的运转状况和审查中发现的问题应该仔细纪实。行星齿轮减速机是此刻市场上应用亦较为普遍的另一类传动产品，出于行星齿轮传动技术自身所持有的一系列优点，同时也是出于我国工业近些年来的迅猛促进，这些都有力开展了行星齿轮传动技术在国内的快速推进及应用，各类行星齿轮传动技术及相对应的产品均得以开发及应用，产品品种规格逐步丰厚。减速机齿轮轴轴径磨耗，主要消耗部位在轴头、键槽等；减速机传动轴轴承位磨耗。万博水晶宫，减速机协同面渗漏。针对减速机消耗问题，传统治理办法是补焊或刷镀后机加工修复，但两者均存在必需弊端：补焊高温产生的热应力无法彻彻底底清除，易造成材质损伤，引致控件出现弯曲或断裂；而电刷镀受涂层厚度限制，容易剥落，以上两种方法全是用金属修复金属，无法变更“硬对硬”的般配有关。
三.对于减速机静密封点泄漏可采用新型密封材料粘堵。减速机大修时，在接合面、端盖上涂d05硅橡胶密封胶代替早期产品，一般不会出现泄漏。如果减速机运转中静密封点漏油，可用表面工程技术的油面紧急修补剂粘堵，从而达到消除漏油的目的。减速机静密封点通过治理，一般是可以达到不渗不漏的，但动密封点由于密封件老化、质量差、装配不当、轴表面粗糙度高等原因，使得个别动密封点仍有微小渗漏，由于工作环境差，煤尘粘到轴上，显得油乎乎一片，所以需要在设备停止运转后，擦拭轴上的油污。
用修形的方法，使其动载荷及速度波动减至最小，以到达缩短噪声的目的。这种方法在执行中注明是一种较能用的方法。然而用这种方法，工艺上需要有修形设备，广大中、小厂往往无法践诺。 减速机应牢固地安设在不变水平的基本或底座上，排油槽的油应能消除，且冷却空气循环流 畅。根本不可靠，运行时会导致振动及噪声，并促使轴承及齿轮受损。当传动联接件有杰出 物或选取齿轮、链轮传动时，蜗轮蜗杆减速机的主要特质是持有反向自锁功能，可以有较大的减速比，输入轴和输出轴不在同一轴线上，也不在同一平面上。不过一般体积较大，传动效率不高，精度不高。谐波减速机的谐波传动是利用柔性元件可控的弹性变形来传达运动和动力的，体积不大、精度很高，但颓势是柔轮寿命有限、不耐冲击，刚性与金属件相较差。输入转速不能太高。行星减速机其优点是结构比较紧凑，回程间隙小、精度较高，使用寿命很长，额定输出扭矩可以做的很大。应斟酌加装防护装配，输出轴上承担较大的径向载荷时，应选用增进型。
四.降低减速机运行时的齿轮传动噪声已成为行业内的重要研究课题，国内外不少学者都把齿轮传动中轮齿啮合刚度的变化看成是齿轮动载、振动和噪声的主要因素。用修形的方法，使其动载荷及速度波动减至最小，以达到降低噪声的目的。这种方法在实践中证明是一种较有效的方法。但是用这种方法，工艺上需要有修形设备，广大中、小厂往往无法实施。经过多年研究，提出了通过优化齿轮参数，如变位系数、齿高系数、压力角、中心距，使啮入冲击速度降至最小，啮出冲击速度与啮入冲击速度的比值处于某一数值范围，减小或避免啮合节圆冲击的齿轮设计方法，也可明显降低减速机齿轮噪声。有些用户在选型时，误认为只要所选减速机的额定输出扭矩满足工作要求就可以了，其实若不，一是所配电机额定输出扭矩乘上减速比，获取的数值原则上要小于产品样本供给的相近减速机的额定输出扭矩，二是同时还要思考其驱动电机的过载能力及实际中所需工作扭矩。理论上，用户所需工作扭矩必需要小于减速机额定输出扭矩的2倍。尤其是有些应用场合一定严肃遵守这一准则，这不仅是对减速机里面齿轮的呵护，更主要的是以免减速机的输出轴就被扭断。
关于未超过报废标准的齿轮，可以用刮或油石根除齿面的毛刺，重新换用新润滑油等以到达减缓操作的目的。替换的标准按减速机的用途
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going up something like twenty times resting. It’s really the equivalent of running a marathon. And they’re doing this night after night for a long season. And so, it’s an indicator for the physical, energetic cost that this male is investing in his courtship. So this could be something useful for the female, especially if only the fittest males were able to sustain this energetic cost for a very long time. Well, it turns out in gray tree frogs, at least we can show that in fact the female gets something from this choice. Because they do prefer males that give longer than average calls. …. (W)e found, in fact, that the offspring of the long calling males grew faster and grew larger and metamorphosed, that is became little frogs sooner than the offspring of the short calling males. Clearly, the males with the longer calls that were showing, in fact, that they were physically fit also had some genetic fitness which the female was able to benefit from”
38 Choosy females may benefit directly through acquisition of resources – 1 Hanging flies (Bittacus apicalis) (Thornhill 1976)Males provide captured insects as “nuptial gifts” to femalesIf female accepts gift, she will copulate with the male while eating the giftLarger gift means longer copulation and more sperm transferThe gift provides the female with food and reduces her own need to hunt for food (and may reduce her mortality)
39 Choosy females may benefit directly through acquisition of resources – 2 (Fig b,c) (Thornhill 1976)
40 Runaway selection: an alternative model for female choice – 1 R. A. Fisher (1915) – elaborate male traits and female preference for them are the result of a non-adaptive runaway selection process (“fashion-driven selection”, “sexy son” hypothesis)Initial conditions (using tail-length in birds as a typical trait):Male tails are “short” but variable and heritableMost females express a preference for longer tails for some reason (pre-existing sensory bias, good genes, genetic drift) and female preference is heritableBecause of female preference, males with longer tails will leave more offspring
41 Runaway selection: an alternative model for female choice – 2 Because male tail-length is heritable, average male tail-length increasesThe offspring of long-tailed males will carry alleles for long tails (in males) and alleles for preference (by females) for long tails (i.e., alleles for longer tails and for preference for longer tails become associated by assortative mating)Therefore the greater reproductive success of longer-tailed males increases both the frequency of alleles for long tails and the frequency of alleles for female preference for long tails, which further increases the reproductive success of long-tailed males, which further increases the frequency of alleles for female preference for longer tails, etc.That is, there is a positive feedback between female preference for a male trait and the exaggeration of that trait.
42 Runaway selection: an alternative model for female choice – 3 Sexual selection increases tail length until opposing natural selection prevents further increasesIn contrast to “good genes” models, female choice does not function to enhance the “quality” of her offspringHowever, once female choice becomes widespread, it tends to remain in a population. An unchoosy female who mates with a shorter-tailed male will have sons that have shorter tails, and who will have lowered reproductive success (because most females will choose longer-tailed males)Therefore, the benefit that choosy females do get is that their sons are more sexy than the sons of unchoosy females.
43 Can we distinguish between a good genes explanation and a runaway selection explanation for female choice in any particular case? – 1Good genes predicts that offspring of choosy females will have higher survivorship (or some other enhanced non-reproductive fitness component) than the offspring of non-choosy femalesGood genes predicts that male “quality” should be heritable (otherwise choosy females would leave average quality offspring and would receive no benefit from being choosy)Good genes predicts that the male indicator trait that females are choosing (e.g., call length in gray tree frogs) should be costly (otherwise low quality males could cheat and there would be no advantage to choosy females)Runaway selection predicts that the male trait that females are choosing should be heritable (otherwise choosy females will not have sexy sons and will gain no advantage from being choosy)
44 Can we distinguish between a good genes explanation and a runaway selection explanation for female choice in any particular case? – 2Good genes predicts that there should be a genetic correlation between offspring genetic quality (fitness) and the male indicator trait that females are using for choice (as appears to be the case in gray tree frogs where longer-calling fathers have fitter tadpoles)Runaway selection predicts that there should be a genetic correlation (association) between the male trait that females are choosing and female preference for that trait
45 Stalk-eyed flies: an example of runaway sexual selection Stalk-eyed flies: an example of runaway sexual selection? (Wilkinson & Reillo 1994) – 1In both sexes, eyes are carried at the ends of stalks, and male stalks are longer than female stalksNeither sex cares for youngExperimental test of the prediction under runaway selection that there should be a genetic correlation between chosen male phenotype and female preference for that phenotype – fathers with longer eyestalks will tend to have daughters that prefer longer eyestalks, and fathers with shorter eyestalks will tend to have daughters that prefer shorter eyestalks
47 Stalk-eyed flies: an example of runaway sexual selection Stalk-eyed flies: an example of runaway sexual selection? (Wilkinson & Reillo 1994) – 2Experiment:Artificially select on males for longer or shorter eyestalks (13 generations)Then assess preferences of females from the selected linesIf there is a genetic correlation, then females from lines that were selected for longer eyestalks in males should prefer males with longer eyestalks, and females from lines that were selected for shorter eyestalks in males should prefer shorter eye stalksGive groups of 5 females a choice between a long-stalked and a short-stalked maleResults:The predicted correlation was observed (but female choice does not seem very strong for either experimental group)
48 Stalk-eyed flies: an example of runaway sexual selection Stalk-eyed flies: an example of runaway sexual selection? (Wilkinson & Reillo 1994) – 3
49 Stalk-eyed flies: an example of runaway sexual selection Stalk-eyed flies: an example of runaway sexual selection? (Wilkinson & Reillo 1994) – 4The situation in stalk-eyed flies is more complicated than we have described herein nature, females are about twice as abundant as males, which means that the fitness of the average male is twice that of the average femalelong-stalked males tend to have more sons than daughterstherefore, females that mate with long-stalked males will tend to have more sons, which will increase the fitness of choosy females because they will have more grandchildren than unchoosy females or females who choose short-stalked femalesSee Wilkinson, G.S., D.C. Presgraves, and L. Crymes Male eye span in stalk-eyed flies indicates genetic quality by meiotic drive suppression. Nature 391(Jan. 15):276.
50 Sexual selection by female choice – final comments Female choice for good genes and sexy sons (runaway selection) are not mutually exclusiveIf a male trait is heritable and if it indicates good genetic quality, then both types of selection can operate simultaneously
51 Is sexual selection “reversed” when sex-roles are reversed? If sexual selection theory is correct, we expect that female – female competition and male choice might be found in species in which males invest more in reproduction than do females, and in which female reproductive success is more limited by access to males than vice versa.In broad-nosed pipefish, in which males brood young and in which females can yolk up eggs faster than males can brood them, these conditions hold, and sexual selection is stronger on females than malesIs there male choice in pipefish and do females compete for access to males?
52 Asymmetries in sexual reproduction in broad-nosed pipefish (Jones et al. 2000) (Fig. 10.5 e, f)
53 Male choice experiments in pipefish (Fig. 10.28a)
54 Male choice in the pipefish Nerophis ophidion (Fig. 10.28 b, c) Females are larger than malesFemales have dark blue stripes and skin folds on their belliesIn male choice experiments, males showed a preference for larger females and females with larger skin foldsFemales showed no tendency to discriminate between males of different sizes
55 Male choice in the pipefish Syngnathus typhle (Fig. 10.28 d, e) Females and males similar in size and appearanceFemales can change color to intensify zigzag pattern on their sidesFemales compete over access to males and display dark colors while doing soIn male choice experiments, males prefer to mate with females that have fewer black spots (which are indicative of parasites)Choice is adaptive for males because females with fewer parasites lay more eggs
56 Sexual selection in plants - 1 The seed parent (female) must produce a fruit – therefore, the seed parent may make a greater reproductive investment per seed than does the pollen parent (male)Access to seed parents is more likely to limit reproductive success of pollen parents than vice versaIn animal pollinated plants, access by pollen parents to seed parents is via pollinatorsTherefore, the reproductive success of pollen parents is limited by pollinatorsSexual selection on pollen parents should favor adaptations that increase the number of pollinator visits to male flowers – leads to sexually dimorphic flowers with male flowers more attractive to pollinators
57 Sexual selection in plants - 2 The showiest part of a flower is the perianth (= sepals + petals)The perianth serves not only to attract pollinators but also to protect reproductive structures when the flower is developing in the budPredictions:If protection is the only function, then the sex with the larger reproductive structure should have the larger perianthIf pollinator attraction is important, we expect at least some species in which male reproductive structures are smaller than female structures to nonetheless have larger male perianthsResults:In wind-pollinated plants (a) was true in 11 of 11 casesIn animal pollinated plants (b) was true in 12 of 42 cases overall (and 12 of 22 cases in which the male reproductive structures were smaller than female reproductive structures)
58 Patterns of sexual dimorphism in plants with separate male and female flowers (Fig a) (Delph et al. 1996)This group is consistent with sexual selection as the cause of flower dimorphism
59 Sexual selection in plants - 3 Prediction:When sexual dimorphism occurs in floral structures of animal pollinated plants, we expect male “investment” to be greater than female “investment”Results:The prediction is true when male investment is measured by number of flowers per inflorescence and strength of floral odor, but not by quantity of nectar.
60 Patterns of sexual dimorphism in plants with separate male and female flowers (Fig b) (Delph et al. 1996)
61 Sexual selection in humans is difficult to study Sexual dimorphism in body size in humans: Is it due to sexual selection?Sexual selection in humans is difficult to studyCan’t do the kinds of experiments that we can with animals and so we must often rely on observed correlationsCultural norms and practices, including religious beliefs, may be much more decisive in determining mating behavior
62 The “opportunity” for sexual selection is stronger in men than in women (Fig. 10.32) Variation in reproductive success of Kipsigis men of Kenya is greater than that of women; male reproductive success more likely to be limited by access to mates than is female reproductive success; therefore sexual selection should be stronger in males than in females (Borgerhoff Mulder 1988)
63 Taller men have more children – an observation that is consistent with sexual selection by female choiceIn study of 3,201 Polish men, married men were likely to be taller than unmarried men, and men who had at least 1 child were taller than men who had no children.Differences are small but statistically significant (except for men in their 50’s) (Pawlowski et al. 2000)
64 More evidence that female choice favors tall men In a study of the West Point class of 1950 (Mueller & Mazur 2001), the tallest men had more wives, and younger second wives, and as a result had more childrenWomen who are slightly shorter than average tend to have the most children = stabilizing natural selection on women (Nettle 2002)
65 On the other hand….Perhaps we just inherited our sexual dimorphism from our sexually dimorphic ancestors (McHenry 1992)Yoga is an ancient form of exercise that focuses on strength, flexibility and breathing to boost physical and mental well-being. Yoga is seeing a huge boom in popular culture at the moment. Rumours of the wonders of yoga is tempting many to now try the practice.
Many reports have claimed that yoga can help with weight reduction, maintaining metabolism and improving cardio and circulatory health. Take a look at the list below of some other benefits of yoga that we think you should know about.
Builds muscle strength and improves posture – Regular exercise helps improves muscle strength overtime. Yoga can help improve posture as it forces you to align your body during exercise. Yoga exercises like the handstand helps strengthen muscles in the arms and back
Improved respiration, energy and vitality - A 1998 study published in The Lancet taught a yogic technique known as "complete breathing" to people with lung problems due to congestive heart failure. After one month, their average respiratory rate decreased from 13.4 breaths per minute to 7.6. Many people report improved levels of energy and vitality after trying yoga for just two weeks.
Prevents cartilage and joint breakdown - Each time you practice yoga, you take your joints through their full range of motion. This can help prevent degenerative arthritis or mitigate disability by "squeezing and soaking" areas of cartilage that normally aren't used. Joint cartilage is like a sponge; it receives fresh nutrients only when its fluid is squeezed out and a new supply can be soaked up. Without proper sustenance, neglected areas of cartilage can eventually wear out, exposing the underlying bone like worn-out brake pads.
Improve’s bone health - Betters your bone health - It's well documented that weight-bearing exercise strengthens bones and helps ward off osteoporosis. Many postures in yoga require that you lift your own weight. And some, like Downward- and Upward-Facing Dog, help strengthen the arm bones, which are particularly vulnerable to osteoporotic fractures. In an unpublished study conducted at California State University, Los Angeles, yoga practice increased bone density in the vertebrae. Yoga's ability to lower levels of the stress hormone cortisol (see Number 11) may help keep calcium in the bones.
Increases your blood flow - Yoga gets your blood flowing. More specifically, the relaxation exercises you learn in yoga can help your circulation, especially in your hands and feet. Yoga also gets more oxygen to your cells, which function better as a result. Twisting poses are thought to wring out venous blood from internal organs and allow oxygenated blood to flow in once the twist is released. Inverted poses, such as Headstand, Handstand, and Shoulderstand, encourage venous blood from the legs and pelvis to flow back to the heart, where it can be pumped to the lungs to be freshly oxygenated. This can help if you have swelling in your legs from heart or kidney problems. Yoga also boosts levels of hemoglobin and red blood cells, which carry oxygen to the tissues. And it thins the blood by making platelets less sticky and by cutting the level of clot-promoting proteins in the blood. This can lead to a decrease in heart attacks and strokes since blood clots are often the cause of these killers.
Drains your lymphs and boosts immunity - When you contract and stretch muscles, move organs around, and come in and out of yoga postures, you increase the drainage of lymph (a viscous fluid rich in immune cells). This helps the lymphatic system fight infection, destroy cancerous cells, and dispose of the toxic waste products of cellular functioning.
Ups your heart rate - When you regularly get your heart rate into the aerobic range, you lower your risk of heart attack and can relieve depression. While not all yoga is aerobic, if you do it vigorously or take flow or Ashtanga classes, it can boost your heart rate into the aerobic range. But even yoga exercises that don't get your heart rate up that high can improve cardiovascular conditioning. Studies have found that yoga practice lowers the resting heart rate, increases endurance, and can improve your maximum uptake of oxygen during exercise—all reflections of improved aerobic conditioning. One study found that subjects who were taught only pranayama could do more exercise with less oxygen.
Drops your blood pressure - If you've got high blood pressure, you might benefit from yoga. Two studies of people with hypertension, published in the British medical journal The
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to manage these clinical signs is essential. This often involves managing their nausea and using appetite stimulants to counteract reduced appetite.
White blood cell count may decrease after chemotherapy and increase the risk of secondary bacterial infection. Signs to watch for include lethargy and loss of appetite. A rectal thermometer can be used to monitor temperature at home. A temperature of greater than 102.5°F in an animal that is lethargic is cause for concern. Seek veterinary care promptly if you think your pet has an infection. Hospitalization to provide fluid therapy and intravenous administration of antibiotics may be necessary. Your veterinarian will monitor your dog’s white blood cell count during chemotherapy and may adjust drug dosage or schedule.George Washington’s Birthplace (Wakefield) located in Westmoreland County, Virginia
George Washington would have probably scratched his head in disbelief. Let’s pretend that our first President never died, and instead he has been asleep for over two hundred years. When he finally wakes up, he decides to rent a car ( ok, I know that is a stretch). Naturally, he wants to figure out what has happened , so he decides to get back to his roots by starting from the beginning. After a few close calls on the interstate 95 Beltway going south from Mount Vernon to Fredericksburg, Virginia he spots the more peaceful and scenic road to home – the Northern Neck of Virginia. It is all coming back to him and soon he is pulling into the driveway of his childhood home and … he is SHOCKED! This is not his home. Except for the land, there is nothing that even resembles his parent’s house, including the location of the house. There is clearly a masquerade that is going on here. George Washington probably wishes he had never woken up.
Washington was born in 1732 in Westmoreland County, Virginia. The house that he knew as a child, named Wakefield, burned to the ground when he was a teenager. In the 1920’s an effort gained steam to honor Washington by rebuilding Wakefield. Here’s the problem – little information exists to describe the property. Many historians think it was a simple structure, and most likely a frame house. Evidence suggests that Augustine (George’s father) may have built the original house (1728) by himself. Since Augustine was also farming 1200 acres it seems unlikely that he would have had time to build anything but a simple and unpretentious house.
A collaborative effort was made by several groups to build the new house. All parties were constantly at odds with each other. Different historical visions surfaced from the start of construction. There was a tug of war between the National Park Service and a local women’s group called the Memorial Association. The women won. Their organizer, Mrs. Josephine Wheelwright Rust, wanted to honor Washington by making his birthplace into a lovely spot with beautiful gardens and a house that would be possibly reminiscent of one where Washington was born. Instead, the house resembles the one that she was born in and the gardens, although beautiful, did not reflect the colonial period. No historical documentation exists that suggest that any elaborate gardens ever existed.
Finished in 1932, Wakefield is a lovely red brick cape cod and has a dark grey slate roof. The interior befits a man of means, with built-in bookcases and beautiful wood paneling. The National Park Service’s own literature refers to the house as the Memorial Mansion. George’s father owned a good amount of land, but like many farmers of that era, he was cash-poor. Augustine Washington was far from being wealthy. Additionally, the new Wakefield was not even built on the correct site.
Both the historians and the park rangers had wanted authenticity. They had wanted the house and gardens to accurately reflect the property where George Washington was born. They were silenced and the women’s group were allowed to be creative with interpeting history. Eventually, however, the historians and the park rangers suggested practical methods of commemorating Washington. There’s a small museum of family artifacts in the house basement. Also, costumed interpreters try to create a sense of the times of George Washington.
Today, under the control of the NPS, they are careful to distance themselves from calling the house a replica. That is good, but think of the tens of thousands, possibly millions of school kids who did not really get that message. They saw what they saw, and it added up to George Washington being born into a wealthy family. That is so not correct.
Sadly, George Washington’s birthplace is not about history, but about the ambitions of non-historians to romanticize, and fictionalize, his childhood. History needs to be reported as it was and as it happened, not as others want to paint it.
For more information check out Seth Bruggeman’s Here, George Washington was born: Memory. Material Culture and the Public History of a National Monument.Pictures of Marijuana
Pictures of marijuana show that this drug comes from two plants that are so closely related, possibly even the same species. The plants are Cannabis sativa (marijuana/hemp), and Cannabis indica, a bushier variety grown simply for its psychoactive (brain-altering) qualities. Hemp grows easily throughout the tropics, sub-tropics, and temperate regions, varying from a few feet to 15 feet (4.6 m) in height as seen in pictures of marijuana. Once established, it reseeds itself and spreads to neighboring areas when birds eat the seeds. The defecated seeds may be scattered over considerable distances and produce new plants.
Two genetic strains of hemp are recognized: one produces plants excellent for fiber with very little drug material; the other produces plants with weak fibers but much drug content (TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL, THC). Pictures of marijuana depict male and female plants, and both of them contain delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol or THC, the main mind-altering chemical in marijuana. Female plants, especially those that are not allowed to pollinate or fertilize another plant, contain the highest concentrations of THC.
Pictures of marijuana are unable to portray the fact that marijuana smoke contains sixty-one different chemical compounds called CANNABINOIDS that are unique to the plant. Scientists are not sure exactly how these compounds interact with THC to produce the effects associated with a marijuana high. They do know that the most important mind-altering compound in cannabis is THC.
The cannabinoid compounds in marijuana can be found throughout the plant, in the leaves and stems, for instance. But the strongest concentrations of THC and other cannabinoids are found in the buds and flowering tops of the female plants as shown in pictures of marijuana. The time of harvest determines the amount of THC in the buds. Female plants that are kept away from male plants will not pollinate and produce seeds. Instead they keep producing flowers that contain a powerful resin; the plant's signal that it wants to pollinate. These resinous buds are the strongest form of marijuana, called SINSEMILLA (the Spanish term for "without seeds").
Purchased on the street, marijuana and sinsemilla are green or brown buds, leaves, or stems as shown in pictures of marijuana. The leaves and stems do not contain the concentrations of THC found in the buds and flowers, but people still smoke them to get high.
Hashish is another product of the cannabis plant. It consists of the dried resin from the flower buds viewed in pictures of marijuana and is also very high in THC content. The resin is gathered by hand from the cannabis buds and rolled into gummy balls. Once a quantity of the balls has been collected, they are pressed together into larger cakes or sheets that resemble dark-colored dough. A highly powerful product, hash oil, is produced by boiling hashish or marijuana in a liquid that absorbs THC, such as alcohol, gasoline, or kerosene. The remaining plant material is filtered out, leaving behind thick oil. The color varies from clear to black, with yellows and browns in between. Hash oil contains the highest concentrations of THC. Just a drop or two on an ordinary tobacco cigarette will have an effect similar to smoking a whole dose of marijuana.2012
È proprio il campo di Higgs a fornire la chiave per la rottura di simmetria dell’interazione elettrodebole e a spiegare perché le particelle hanno massa. Ad alte energie (come quelle presenti nell’universo primordiale) il campo di Higgs è simmetrico, l’interazione elettromagnetica e quella debole sono unificate, e tanto i bosoni W e Z che il fotone sono privi di massa. A basse energie (come quelle dell’universo attuale) non soltanto l’interazione elettromagnetica e l’interazione debole appaiono distinte, ma si altera anche la simmetria del campo di Higgs: ed è così, attraverso l’interazione con il campo di Higgs non più simmetrico, che i bosoni W e Z acquistano una massa, mentre il fotone ne resta privo.With a whopping 33 grams of sugar per serving, soda is easily the most common source of processed sugar in American diets. On any given day, half the people in the United States consume at least one 12oz serving (one can) of soda. One in four Americans consume more than 200 calories a day from drinking soda, with 5% consuming more than 500 calories from soda each day (1). Soda has been proven to cause diabetes, heart disease, cancer, gout, tooth decay, liver damage, and all other problems associated with obesity. So why is soda so unhealthy?
Regardless of caloric intake, soda causes fat accumulation
The main ingredient in soda is high fructose corn syrup, a highly processed and concentrated form of sugar. When our body digests large amounts of sugar at once it forces our liver to step in to help metabolize the fructose. This induces uric acid production and stimulates fat accumulation (2). What this means is that even healthy individuals can experience weight gain regardless of how many calories they consume.
Regular soda consumption has also been found to cause an increase in abdominal fat, particularly visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This kind of tissue has been independently linked to the pathogenesis of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (3). Not only is soda causes these deadly diseases, it is causing people to gain abnormal weight in their midsection. This is part of the reason people have a hard time losing that “stubborn belly fat” even when dieting or exercising.
Soda causes accelerated cell aging, diabetes, stroke, and heart disease
Scientists studying healthy cellular aging aimed to test the affects of soda on cell aging. The high levels of sugar in soda were found to influence metabolic disease development through accelerated cell aging (4). Soda consumption causes cells to age faster, substantially increasing your risks of getting cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. Cardiometabolic syndrome is what also can lead to strokes and severe heart disease at earlier ages (5).
It’s also no surprise that science supports all the negative claims on soda. For example, they found that “people who consume sugary drinks regularly—one to two cans a day or more—have a 26% greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes than people who rarely have such drinks” (6). Or that in a study of 80,000 women that consuming just once can of soda a day show a 75% increase in chance of getting gout (6). Or another study of 40,000 men finding a 20% higher risk of a heart attack from consuming just one can of soda a day.
Estimated that 184,000 people die each year due to Sugar Sweetened Beverages
In 2010, researchers were able to compile large amounts of data, reports, and cohort pooling studies to estimate the amount of deaths attributed to consuming sugar-sweetened beverages. They estimated that close to 184,000 people died in 2010 due to drinking sugar-sweetened beverages (7). Of these deaths 72% were caused from people getting diabetes, 25% heart disease, and 5% cancer. These diseases were all results of excessive sugar consumption and based on cause-specific population-attributable fractions for SSB consumption, which were multiplied by cause-specific mortality/morbidity to compute estimates of SSB-attributable death/disability (7).About Learning Health Systems
Defining a Learning Health System
AHRQ defines a learning health system as a health system in which internal data and experience are systematically integrated with external evidence, and that knowledge is put into practice. As a result, patients get higher quality, safer, more efficient care, and health care delivery organizations become better places to work.
Learning Health Systems—
- Have leaders who are committed to a culture of continuous learning and improvement.
- Systematically gather and apply evidence in real-time to guide care.
- Employ IT methods to share new evidence with clinicians to improve decision-making.
- Promote the inclusion of patients as vital members of the learning team.
- Capture and analyze data and care experiences to improve care.
- Continually assess outcomes refine processes and training to create a feedback cycle for learning and improvement.
No health system becomes a learning health system overnight. Nor is the term “learning health system” widely used yet, even in systems doing this work. Becoming a learning health system is an iterative journey characterized by strong leadership, effective use of data in the clinical setting, and both a culture and workforce committed to continuous learning and improvement.
Becoming a learning health system is also increasingly an imperative in an era of health system transformation. There is growing recognition that “business as usual” is no longer a sustainable model. Driving this change are new Federal and private-sector initiatives to redirect incentives away from volume and toward a focus on value: better patient outcomes and quality at lower costs.
This value-based care framework includes providing clinicians with strong, actionable data and tools—and identifying the right performance metrics to hold them and their teams accountable for their patients’ care. This framework also includes breaking down silos between medical care and community services to prevent disease before it occurs and rewarding providers and health systems for results and not activities.
As more organizations look at value-based care and pursue their learning health system journeys, those that do not rethink how they operate risk being left behind. To assist organizations, AHRQ conducts research and provides training, tools, and data to help health care delivery organizations of every size move towards becoming learning health systems.نمایندگان مجلس شورای اسلامی مصوب کردند که مازاد درآمدهای دستگاه های اجرایی و درآمدهای استانی به خزانه کشور واریز شود.
نمایندگان در جلسه علنی روز چهارشنبه مجلس در ادامه بررسی برخی از مواد طرح الحاق برخی مواد به قانون تنظیم بخشی از مقررات مالی دولت اعاده شده از سوی شورای نگهبان با حذف بند (ی) ماده 37 آن موافقت کردند.
در این بند آمده بود که مازاد درآمد اختصاصی دستگاه های اجرایی در سقف اعتباراتی که برای این منظور در قوانین بودجه سنواتی پیش بینی می شود حسب مورد به همان دستگاه اجرایی که درآمد را کسر کر
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to keep up with their activities. Another source of DH social justice is in the TransformDH community, rooted originally in the #pocodh or #dhpoco movement; search the #TransformDH hashtag or follow the @TransformDH account on Twitter to see their work. The Disrupting the Digital Humanities movement, which will soon be a book, is a related movement spearheaded by Dorothy Kim and Jesse Stommel. You can read two years of MLA position papers for Disrupting the Digital Humanities address problems of gender, race, and disability: 2015 and 2016.
Some of these social justice matters are rooted in institutional injustices that seem hard to control, but remember that your position as an educator does give you some power -- at least in the classroom! That is why it’s important for you to protect your students’ privacy and do what you can to ensure their safety when they are in your classroom or doing work for your course. If you are in the United States and want to learn more about FERPA laws about protecting student information, this official FAQ is a great place to start. Canadians can find information about the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act here, and those in the UK can consult this overview of data protection. Yale’s guidelines for student field trips provides a solid checklist for ensuring the safety of students if you take them off-campus or out of the classroom; its guidelines for transportation are especially helpful.The government aims to offer a smart meter to every home in Great Britain by 2020. But what exactly is a smart meter, and how can you benefit from it?
In a government effort to battle greenhouse gas emissions, smart meters have been introduced to help households reduce the amount of energy they use. And as a result, save money on their gas and electricity bills.
What is a smart meter?
It's a replacement for your traditional gas and electricity meter that tells you how much energy you’ve used. But a smart meter can also tell you when you've used it and how much it costs.
Smart Energy GB is the national campaign for the smart meter rollout. Their aim is to raise awareness and offer guidance around the initiative across England, Scotland and Wales.
Any account holder who pays energy bills is entitled to one from their energy supplier, and installation is free of charge. If you're renting but the bills are addressed to you, you won't need your landlord's permission to get a smart meter fitted, but it's a good idea to let them know you're upgrading.
If your bills are included with your rent, it's worth speaking to your landlord about changing to a smart meter. As it can be a good way of giving you, your housemates and your landlord a better view of your gas and electricity usage.
Smart meters eliminate the need for manual meter readings and can help you keep track of the energy you’re using.
They’re also available to those on a prepay/pay-as-you-go meter, and there are more flexible ways to top-up via your smartphone or tablet.
How do they work?
If you opt for a smart meter, you'll also get a smart meter display screen installed at no extra cost. The display screen is a handheld device that tells you your gas and electricity usage in near real time, in pounds and pence.
The cost is spread evenly across everyone's bills, just as the cost of maintaining a traditional meter is currently. Smart meters come free of charge and the cost of getting a smart meter will never be itemised on your bill.
Smart meters are installed with a secure wireless network to communicate meter readings with your supplier.
The network is overseen by energy regulator Ofgem and there are strict data security regulations in place so you can rest assured knowing that you’re data is safe.
According to recent research, 80% of those with smart meters have taken at least one step to reduce the amount of energy they use around the home.
Having a smart meter installed can give you more control over how you use energy. The near real time usage might encourage you to make small changes to help reduce your gas and electricity bills.
Turning off a TV that’s usually on standby, installing thermostatic radiator valves or only boiling the amount of water you need for your cuppa, can all reduce energy waste.
This also means that your bills no longer need to be estimated as your supplier will have access to your energy usage on an hourly, daily or monthly basis.
So you won’t have to worry about owing your supplier money or being billed more than you’ve used.
This smart technology means that energy companies are able to understand how you consume energy in your home, and tailor their tariffs to suit you.
The government claims that having a smart meter will also make it easier to switch suppliers to save money on your bills.
Most gas and electricity companies have a dedicated team that can answer any questions you may have about getting a smart meter.
And it’s worth knowing that even though the government wants them in every home by 2020, you’re under no obligation to get one installed.
Ok, so you’ve decided to take the plunge and get a smart meter. What next?
Your energy supplier is responsible for fitting your meter. If you have separate suppliers for your gas and electricity, you’ll need to speak to both companies.
Once you’ve arranged a time and a date with your supplier, a trained specialist will visit your home to carry out the installation.
The smart meter initiative is ongoing until 2020 and various suppliers are at different stages of the project, so it’s not guaranteed that you’ll be able to get one installed straight away.
For example, British Gas is installing smart meters across Great Britain, but isn’t yet able to install in high-rise buildings or accommodate prepay customers.
To find out more about the installation process, take a look at the Smart Energy GB website.May 2008 - St. Brendan
16 May, St Brendan the Navigator, Abbot of Clonfert (~577)
Brendan the son of Findlugh was born in 484 at Tralee in Kerry, Ireland. As a child, he was educated by St. Deirdre, the abbess who was foster mother to several Irish saints. As a teenager, the sainted Bishop Ere supervised Brendan's theological education until Brendan became a monk at the nearby monastery of Ardfert.
In time, Brendan became the abbot and established several other monastic communities. On Brendan Hill in Kerry there are still ruins of St. Brendan's Chapel surrounded by ancient stone monastic huts. A renowned navigator, Brendan sailed the surrounding seas and established monasteries in Scotland, Brittany, Wales and France. His principal monastic establishment was Clonfert Abbey in Galway. At Clonfert he headed a community of over 3,000 monks.
The ninth century Latin saga, Navigatio Brendani (The Voyage of Brendan) recorded his voyages to unknown lands far to the west of Ireland. The account tells of his Atlantic voyage in search of "The Land of Promise". Brendan and his monks built a large seaworthy coracle - a type of boat still used in Ireland, consisting of a wicker frame covered with leather. Brendan and 14 monks set sail from Ireland, and discovered many lands. Among the islands they visited, one was covered with birds, another with sheep, another with grapevines, and yet another spouted fire. They saw pillars of crystal floating by. They halted on Easter to celebrate Liturgy on a small barren island, and then built a breakfast fire. When the fire was kindled, the island suddenly started moving. The travelers quickly clambered aboard their boat and watched the supposed islet speed away. They had landed on a sleeping whale! Eventually the monks reached their destination in the far western Atlantic. Then they sailed back to Ireland.
In 1976-77 the explorer Tim Severin and a few colleagues built a large leather boat of the same type and made the journey from Ireland to Newfoundland. En route they noted islands full of birds and sheep, and vines, as well as fire spouting volcanic islands that could have been those described in the saga of St. Brendan. The pillars of crystal could have been icebergs. Severin's trip proved that an ocean voyage in such a boat was possible. Interestingly enough, there are modern stories of sailors disembarking on quiescent whales.
The account provides strong evidence that Irish navigators visited Iceland, Greenland and even North America as early as the 6th century, 300 years before the Vikings; some assert that St Brendan himself directed these voyages.
Because of the wide circulation of the Brendan saga, the Irish monastic founder became known throughout Europe. All the old maps showed his fabulous "Land of Promise," (also called "San Brendan," "The Fortunate Isle," or " Hy-Brasil"), indicated in the western Atlantic.
Brendan spent his last years at his monastery. He died while visiting his sister Brig, a nun, in Annaghdown. He was buried in Clonfert cathedral in Galway.آتش پاد مجید فرهادی در گفتوگو با پایگاه خبری عصر توس، از عملیات دهها آتشنشان برای مهار آتشسوزی در یک انبار نگهداری لوازم خانگی در خیابان الزهرا مشهد خبر داد.
وی افزود: این حریق در انبار لوازم خانگی در میدان شهید عباسپور واقع در شهرک الزهرا (س) رخ داده است.
مدیرعامل آتشنشانی مشهد تصریح کرد: خوشبختانه در این حادثه به کسی آسیبی نرسیده است.
آتش خاموش شده است/ احتمال سقوط ساختمان
معاون خدمات شهری شهرداری مشهد گفت:الان آتش خاموش شده است و آتشنشانان در حال لکهگیری هستند.
۱۰منزل مسکونی در پی آتش سوزی گسترده انبار لوازم خانگی تخلیه شد
نجفی گفت: پس از وقوع آتش سوزی آتش نشانان از ۲۴ ایستگاه به همراه ٣١ دستگاه خودرو تخصصی اطفای حریق به محل اعزام شدند.
وی ادامه داد: کانون آتش سوزی انبار ٢ هزار متر مربعی لوازم خانگی بود که با توجه به گستردگی حریق و وقوع آن در بافت مسکونی، این عملیات از حساسیت خاصی برخوردار است.
وی خاطرنشان کرد: ۱۰ منزل مسکونی در پی آتش سوزی گسترده انبار لوازم خانگی در محدوده بلوار شهید عباسپور تخلیه شد و عملیات مهار ادامه دارد.
آتش سوزی انبار لوازم خانگی مهار شد
آتشپاد دوم مجید فرهادی، مدیرعامل سازمان آتش نشانی مشهد گفت: با تلاش چند ساعته آتش نشانان، آتش سوزی مهیب انبار ٢ هزار متر مربعی لوازم خانگی در شرق این کلانشهرمهار شد. این حادثه حدود ساعت ١٧:۴٠ اعلام و بیش از ١٢٠ آتش نشانان به محل حادثه در بزرگراه بابانظر، شهرک الزهرا (س) اعزام شدند.
وی اضافه کرد: حریق کل مجموعه مسقف این انبار را فرا گرفته بود و دود ناشی از آن نیز از نقاط مختلف شهر قابل مشاهده بود.
فرهادی خاطرنشان کرد: آتش نشانان ضمن تخلیه منازل مسکونی اطراف این انبار، نسبت به مهار آتش اقدام کردند و هم اینک حریق مهار شده و عملیات کاوش و لکه گیری در حال انجام است.
مدیر عامل سازمان آتش نشانی مشهد گفت: در این آتش سوزی به هیچ شهروندی آسیبی نرسیده و علت وقوع آن در دست بررسی است.ماشا و خرس (به روسی: Маша и Медведь) نام یک پویانمایی تلویزیونی روسی است که از سال 2009 تا کنون در حال پخش است. این انیمیشن اقتباس
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on March 22, 2011 in the online version of the journal, "Free Radical Research" showed that L-theanine had a beneficial effect on behavioral depression in laboratory mice. A cross-sectional study, published in the November 2009 issue of the "American Journal of Clinical Nutrition," showed that people who regularly drink at least five cups or more of green tea daily suffer from a decreased amount of psychological distress. Another study, published in the March 21, 2011 online edition of the journal, "Phytotherapy Research," showed that L-theanine had an antidepressant effect on laboratory mice exposed to a forced swim test. While these results are promising, more research is needed to fully confirm the benefits of L-theanine for depression.
Although drinking green tea or using an L-theanine supplement may help depression, you should not use any dietary supplement without consulting your doctor. If you think you are depressed, do not attempt to self-diagnose your condition. Consult your doctor or a qualified mental health practitioner to discuss treatment option. Depression can become worse if not properly treated. Do not use dietary supplements in place of your doctor's advice. Do not stop taking any prescribed antidepressants or other medications unless directed to do so by your doctor.可以购买Nordgreen的消费卡或是礼品卡吗？ Oliver Theis Berthelsen 2018年04月15日 23:35 更新于 关注 当然！我们有时会为那个特别的人买什么手表而感到发愁。您只需在预览中选择“礼物”即可。 相关文章 为什么我没有收到订单确认的电子邮件？我的订单是否成功？ 我不确定手表是否适合我。我该选择什么尺寸的表带？ 下单后多久能收到手表？ 是免费送货吗？ 如何退货？ 评论 0 条评论 文章评论已关闭。Six Benefits of Fine Motor Skills
As parents, we see it happening quicker than we can believe. You new baby, born sleeping for hours, crying, eating and pooping. Soon, they are starting to notice the world around them. We see their first smile, and with great effort starting to reach for items in front of them. Before we know it, their hands are opening up, fingers are moving and starting to come play in the game of exploration.
Fine Motor Skills are developing and strengthening from the beginning of life. It is the requirement of using the small muscles in fingers, hands, and forearms. It's an essential part of growth and development in a child. As parents, we smile and laugh at the first forms of our kid drawing "mommy" or "daddy." The progression tends to look like this:
As we can see, developing fine motor skills are important, but what is the benefit to strengthing these tiny muscles?
Here are 6 important things a child learns when developing fine motor skills:
1) It helps children perform crucial tasks like reaching, grasping, and moving objects. We all want to have the ability to control and manipulate things and objects in our environment. Without fine motor skills, we can't do the simple things like button or zip a jacket, turning pages in a book, or sign our names on important documents.
2) Through fine motor skill development, children learn to use tools like crayons, chalk, pencils, and scissors. As adults, we wouldn't be able to cut our food, draw or paint a gorgeous picture (or the best we possibly could).
3) Hand-eye coordination improves as fine motor skills improve. Without hand-eye coordination, we wouldn't be able to sew, drive a car, wash our hair, drink from a cup (we couldn't drink our coffee!), put our shoes on, hit a baseball with a bat (okay, that task is still difficult for some), or simply reach for the object we want
4) Fine motor skills help kids learn and develop handwriting and drawing skills. An extremely important part of school work involves these two tasks. Think of the tracing letter sheets used in pre-schools and kindergarten; they help hone in on those small muscles!
5) Children become more independent and understand how their bodies work. They can start bathing themselves, wiping their bottom when going to the bathroom and washing their hands well. Brushing their own hair, teeth, and clothing themselves. They also learn if they move X body part this way, they can cause Y to happen. They understand that picking up a pencil and holding it properly helps them have better strokes when writing a story or captioning their latest drawing. They can manipulate the way a scissor cuts paper by turning their hand or wrist a certain way.
6) As children grow in their fine-motor skills, their self-esteem grows too. They learn how to have an impact on the world around them. Children can be selfish souls, but they are also very compassionate beings. Building confidence and self-esteem can help them realize the influence they can have in society. Which is a pretty awesome thing!
It can take years for a child's fine motor skills to mature to our level. Some are quicker than others. And children with certain learning + attention issues may have a harder time developing these skills. If we are patient and provide the environment they need to work on these skills, our kids will blossom to the best they can be! We encourage you to get on the creative side with your little ones. Help them learn and explore while having fun together. Will it be messy? Maybe. Depends on the activity. But the beauty of knowing that you're helping them strengthen those little muscles is knowing that part of the workout is having them help clean up too.
Here are 3 activities you can do with your child to help them develop their fine-motor skills:
1) Bring out the Play-Doh! If you don't have play-doh in your home. It can be really inexpensive to get. You can buy a pack for under $10 on Amazon. If you're a prime member, it's free 2- day shipping so no need to wait long for it to arrive on your doorstep! If you want to get really crafty and make your own, here is a great recipe from The Imagination Tree.
2) Finger Painting! What a fun task and it is perfect for the young toddler! Many kid's paints on the market are washable and non-toxic. We are huge Crayola fans in our home. For under $10, you can get Crayola's My First Finger Paint Kit! If you'd like to make your own, here is a great simple recipe from Easie Peasie Co. If you are looking for an EDIBLE finger paint recipe, we've made vanilla puddling, separated into separate dishes and added food coloring to each for the desired colors. Here is another great edible finger paint recipe from Diary of a SoCal Mom.
3) Coloring with small crayons, chalk + pencils. Just grab some paper, break up crayons/chalk in half and let them have at it. Making kids use smaller utensils helps them to develop a proper pencil grip. So, skip the fat crayons! Need some coloring sheets? You can receive 5 free exclusive coloring sheets when you sign up for our bi-monthly newsletter! Just click on the link and scroll to the bottom to enter your email address!
Want to use scissors?? Here is a FABULOUS activity to make some Valentine's Day Decorations from Aunt Annie's Crafts.Anna University Regulation 2013 Information Technology (IT) GE6351 EVS Important Questions for all 5 units are provided below. Download link for IT 3rd SEM GE6351 Environmental Science & Engineering Answer Key is listed down for students to make perfect utilization and score maximum marks with our study materials.
UNIT II: Part – A
1. Define pollution and what are the types of pollutants?
2. What is the chemical composition of atmospheric air?
3. What are the causes of air pollution? Mention some control measures of air pollution.
4. Define PAN.
5. What is smog and how it affects health and environment?
6. Define ACID rain and its cause. What are the control measures of acid rain?
7. What are Municipal Solid Wastes(MSW)
8. What is the mechanism of ozone layer depletion?
9. What are the properties of terrestrial and marine water?
10. Mention the chemical parameters of water quality.
11. Define COD and BOD.
12. What are the advantage and disadvantages of zeolite process?
13. Brief about demineralization process.
14. Define soil pollution and what the sources of soil pollution are?
15. List some sources of urban and industrial waste.
16. What are the effects of marine pollution? How will you control it?
17. How will you control noise pollution?
18. What are the sources of thermal pollution?
19. Define radioactive pollution.
20. List out the role of an individual in preventing pollution.
Part – B
1. Mention the sources and effects of various air pollutants. Also Describe the method of control of air pollution.
2. (i) Briefly describe the sources effects and control of noise pollution.
(ii) Discuss about OZONE layer depletion.
3. Enumerate with example the major sources of surface and ground water pollution.
4. (i) Explain the method of sewage water treatment.
(ii) How acid rain is formed? Explain its impact.
5. What are the major sources of soil pollution? And what are the measures to be taken to prevent soil pollution?
6. Explain in detail the Solid waste management techniques and the disposal of MSW.
7. (i) Explain any two case studies on Nuclear pollution.
(ii) Explain in detail about radioactive pollution.
8. What are the sources, effects & control measures of Marine pollution?
9. Explain the methods of disposal of municipal solid waste.Write notes on disposal of radio- active wastes.
10. (i) What are the causes of soil erosion and methods of preventing it.
(ii) Describe case study on industrial pollution.
GE6351 EVS All units Important Questions – Download Here
If you require any other notes/study materials, you can comment in the below section.
Anna University 3rd SEM IT EVS Important Questions
GE6351 Environmental Science & Engineering Answer Key free download
Anna University IT EVS Important Questions Regulation 2013
GE6351 Answer Key, EVS Unit wise Important Questions- IT 3rd Semester该术语行业往往与市场误解，但行业只是市场的一个组成部分。行业暗指一组从事相同类型的商业活动的公司，即生产特定产品或渲染特定的服务。10bet十博官网登陆
行业和市场之间的基本差异是，虽然该行业只是一个部门，但市场表示整个系统，促进了买家和卖家之间的商品和服务交换。查看本文以完全了解两个主题。
内容：行业VS市场
比较图表
|比较的基础||行业||市场|
|意义||一个行业是一系列公司，提供与客户相似或替代产品并彼此竞争。||市场指的是一种机制，帮助买家和卖家进入与交换商品和服务交易的交易。|
|货物与服务||只提供一种类型的商品和服务。||提供各种商品和服务。|
|关注于||生产者||消费者|
|竞赛||存在于行业中运营的公司之间。||在各种卖家和买家之间存在。|
行业的定义
行业意味着一系列公司的集合，彼此或多或少相同，关于它们进行的业务运营，即从事特定类型的产品或渲染具体服务的公司均为行业。10bet十博官网登陆在行业中运营的公司数量可能在其结构的基础上不同。
在一个行业中，公司为目标客户提供均匀产品，被认为是彼此完美的替代品。此外，还有一些在一个行业中运行的公司，它提供差异化的产品，这不是完美的替代品，而是彼此的紧密替代品。
市场的定义
简单来说，市场被描述为买卖商品和服务的地方。在商业10bet十博官网登陆中，市场不仅仅是一个地方，但它远远不止，因为它是指交换系统，由众愿的买家和卖家互相遇到并互动以确定价格并决定要交易的数量并决定要交易的数量。
市场的存在可能是或可能不是物理的，以及买方和卖方之间的直接互动也是没有必要的，因为它也可以通过电话，电子邮件或经销商进行。市场的四个主要组成部分是买家，卖家，商品和价格。在市场上，产品的价格由称为需求和供应的力量决定。
市场可广泛归类为产品市场和因素市场。The product market is one for goods and services needed by the households, whereas factor market, implies the market for resources needed by the firms, i.e. land, labour, capital, machinery, material etc. Further, in economics, the classification of the market is based on geographical area, time, competition, regulation and volume of business.
十博提款审核天天反水十博彩票行业与市场的主要差异
下面给出的要点是迄今为止，由于行业和市场的差异而言：
- 一群公司为彼此紧密替代的客户提供产品，构成了一个行业。相反，市场是一个系统，可帮助买家和卖家互动并进入有关交换产品和服务的交易。
- 在一个行业中，只提供特定类型的商品和服务。相反，在市场上，公司提供不同类型的商品和服务。
- 虽然该行业是关于生产者的，但市场是由客户创造的。
- 在一个行业中，公司之间存在竞争来生产最佳产品，以获得竞争优势。如同这一点，在一个市场上，不同的买家和卖家彼此竞争，从此是每个买家都试图挑选最佳产品，每个卖方都试图销售最大产品，以便在市场上获得最大份额。
结论
BY ANDLY，行业只不过是一群从事类似商业活动的特定公司。10bet十博官网登陆在另一边，市场意味着一个媒体，可以帮助特定产品或服务的买家和卖家聚集在一起，促进交换。| United States|
| United States Air Force|
The 791st Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 468th Bombardment Group, stationed at Roswell Army Airfield
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یه نهم در استان خوزستان مشغول به تحصیل هستند، گفت: استاندار خوزستان طی روزهای گذشته تصمیم ستاد ملی مقابله با کرونا استان مبنی بر برگزاری غیرحضوری امتحانات پایه نهم را اعلام کرد و پیگیری های متعددی در این زمینه با وزارت آموزش و پرورش انجام گرفته است و امیدواریم وزارت آموزش و پرورش با توجه به حجم شیوع ویروس کرونا در خوزستان همانند گذشته توجه ویژه ای به این استان داشته باشد.
مودت با بیان اینکه پیشنهاد های مختلفی به وزارت آموزش و پرورش در این زمینه اعلام شد افزود: جمع بندی و هماهنگی های مختلفی در این زمینه در روزهای پیش رو انجام خواهیم داد و از طریق صداوسیما و رسانه های رسمی به اطلاع مردم خوزستان خواهیم رساند.
مدیرکل آموزش و پرورش خوزستان در عین حال با عنوان اینکه هدف ما کاهش نگرانی اولیاء و دانش آموزان و فرهنگیان است، ادامه داد: نظر کارشناسی این است که امتحانات پایه نهم در خوزستان به صورت غیر حضوری برگزار شود و البته معاون وزیر نیز در تماس تلفنی بر موضوع تاخیر برگزاری امتحانات پایه نهم تا ۱۷ خرداد ماه تاکید داشتند.
وی با بیان اینکه امتحانات پایه دوازدهم در خوزستان همانند دیگر نقاط کشور به صورت سراسری و نهایی برگزار می شود، گفت: امتحانات پایه دوازدهم بر اساس دستورالعمل های بهداشتی وطبق برنامه زمان بندی شده برگزار خواهد شد.
مدیرکل آموزش و پرورش خوزستان با بیان اینکه با دستور استاندار خوزستان در شورای آموزش و پرورش، فرمانداری ها و شهرداری ها مکلف به پشتیبانی و ضد عفونی کردن حوزه های امتحان نهایی شدند، اظهار داشت: آموزش و پرورش آیین نامه ها و اعتبارات لازم را در این زمینه پیش بینی و در اختیار شهرستان ها استان قرار داده است.
وی افزود: تیم های مختلف بازرسی نیز برای نظارت بر روند آماده سازی و ضدعفونی حوزه های امتحانی در نظر گرفته شده است
مودت اظهار داشت: بعد از شیوع ویروس کرونا آموزش از روش های مختلف و به ویژه با بهره گیری از شبکه آموزش دانش آموزان”شاد” در این استان ادامه پیدا کرد.
با صعودی شدن روند ابتلا به کرونا در خوزستان ادارات و بازار خوزستان در ۲ مرحله ۲۲ تا ۲۹ اردیبهشت و یکم تا پنجم خرداد ماه با دستور شورای تامین استان تعطیل شدند.
مدارس خوزستان بر خلاف سایر استان ها برای مقابله با انتشار کرونا در تاریخ ۲۷ اردیبهشت ماه بازگشایی نشدند و همچنان تعطیل هستند.
منبع: ایرنا
- دیدگاه های ارسال شده توسط شما، پس از تایید توسط تیم مدیریت در وب منتشر خواهد شد.
- پیام هایی که حاوی تهمت یا افترا باشد منتشر نخواهد شد.
- پیام هایی که به غیر از زبان فارسی یا غیر مرتبط باشد منتشر نخواهد شد.一年一度的体检，总会有人检查出患有甲状腺结节，甲状腺结节是临床上最常见的内分泌疾病之一，近年来，随着高清晰超声诊断技术的普及、应用，甲状腺结节发病率由触诊发现的4%～7%增至19%～69%。
以下检查方法可以早期有效的检查出结节
一、实验室检查
大多数指南提出，发现甲状腺结节后应首先行TSH测定，如果TSH低于正常，下一步行甲状腺核素显像，以判断结节是否为功能性。
因为除极少数的甲状腺滤泡性腺癌表现为热结节外，功能性结节绝大多数均为良性病变，因此，显像确定为功能性者一般不需要再行细胞学检查。
如果TSH正常或增高，应做甲状腺超声或甲状腺细针穿刺细胞学检查(FNAC)。
二、影像检查
甲状腺超声检查：由于具备快捷、经济、无创、可重复性等优点，超声检查目前被认为是诊断甲状腺结节的首选手段。
2009年美国甲状腺学会(ATA)发表了甲状腺结节和分化型甲状腺癌的诊断治疗指南，该指南描述了超声检查有甲状腺癌可能性的影像学特点：
(1)有沙砾样钙化;
(2)结节回声低;
(3)结节内部血流丰富、紊乱;
(4)结节边界不规则并向周边浸润;
(5)横截面前后径大于左右径。
上海虹桥医院甲状腺是集临床、预防、保健、治疗为一体的的现代化医院、上海市医保定点单位.批准设立甲状腺医院,医院汇集国内外及上海医院数十名医师,医院秉承百年办院理念,以的医术和的服务,为沪上及全国各地的广大平民患者服务上海虹桥医院是较早开设甲状腺诊疗的医疗单位之一,经过多年....【详细】خرید ویلایی در اندیشه فاز سه
2. خانه ایده آل شما چه ویژگی های خاصی خواهد داشت؟
در حالی که حفظ انعطاف پذیری در این لیست خوب است، شاید بزرگترین خرید زندگی خود را انجام دهید. شما سزاوار این هستیدخرید ویلایی در اندیشه فاز سه که این خرید تا حد امکان متناسب با نیازها و خواسته های شما باشد. لیست شما باید شامل خواسته های اساسی مانند محله و اندازه باشد، تا جزئیات کوچکتر مانند چیدمان حمام و آشپزخانه ای که دارای لوازم قابل اعتماد باشد. وب سایت های املاک و مستغلات می توانند ابزار ارزشمندی برای تحقیق در مورد املاکی باشند که خواسته ها و نیازهای شما را برای خانه جدیدتان برآورده می کند.
3. برای چه اندازه وام مسکن واجد شرایط هستید؟
قبل از شروع خرید، مهم است که تصور کنید وام دهنده واقعاً چقدر مایل است برای خرید اولین خانه به شما وام دهد. ممکن است فکر کنید که می توانید یک مکان را بپردازید، اما وام دهندگان ممکن است
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毫无疑问被录取了。也许里克应该遵循同样的逻辑。他目前的行动毫无意义，他非常清楚的事实。但是有些事把他吸引住了。他现在要听它的劝告，稍后再问。“视觉范围，指挥官，“Worf说，表明他们几乎赶上了逃跑的罗穆兰人。“在屏幕上，“里克说，准备再次与多纳特接触。
都柏林目前的情况如何？’纳拉韦先生被指控谋杀科马克·奥尼尔，斯托克回答。“谋杀！“克劳斯代尔看起来很惊讶。皮特的思想一片混乱。他所知道的叙述方式不是杀人凶手。夏洛特呢？她现在一个人害怕吗？然而皮特却不能问斯托克。当然武装护航。”?你期待麻烦,先生?”Cartor摇了摇头,笑了。?除非我决定做一些。”印度的七弦琴颤抖。她严重怀疑制造麻烦正是他们在那里。边缘的一个轻微的动作她周边视觉让她看起来在房间。
他发现他的元帅关系不佳，一片混乱。当他走近前线时，他把他的命令先发给了各个兵团。在所谓的“五日之战”中，阿本斯贝格兰茨胡特埃克姆-尤尔和Ratisbon-他展开了战争的单一主题，在每个阶段，他都纠正了下属们的不良倾向，每天都有新的富有成果的胜利。长长的奥地利前线的中心被刺穿了，它的碎片以巨大的损失撤退。伦敦军事调查法庭宣布三名指挥官无罪，但他们中只有一人曾经再次受雇。他是最重要的人：拿破仑曾打算向军人朱诺求婚，但是当英国人在试探他们自己的将军时，他宣布自己很高兴不用去攻击一个老朋友。历史支持拜伦的观点，“大不列颠病了，辛特拉！以你的名义。”“拿破仑现在把他最好的军队25万调到西班牙。当大军在Ebro后面集合时，他组织了一场盛大的表演。在埃尔福特，他的所有支部和盟友都举行了盛大的团聚。
他目前的行动毫无意义，他非常清楚的事实。但是有些事把他吸引住了。他现在要听它的劝告，稍后再问。他们当然没有返回弗罗比歇的。”vespasia迷惑不解。“谁说JeanJaurè的来临？’“一个旅店老板，我想。在咖啡馆é人谈论它。”“你认为呢？像Jaur这样的è提到你不记得是谁的名字？她怀疑地说。
他在桌子的另一边很熟悉，即使背对着墙，他仍能在脑海中看到纳拉威过去在那儿的照片。它们大部分是光秃秃的树木的铅笔画，枝条纤细而复杂，他们身后的天空只是暗示。只有一个例外：海边的一座古老的石塔，但前景又是光影的精美细节，大海只有一种没有尽头的距离感。他会问奥斯威克他们在哪儿，把它们放回原处。如果纳拉威回到这里，然后皮特会把它们还给他。这些是他的，他一定很关心他们。一个人影站在那里的阴影。七弦琴,开始意识到这是他们神秘的乘客,现在从假死状态恢复。Cartor看到她的表情。格林?管理员,”他宣布,?这是我第一次官印度的七弦琴麦尔斯。”
再次跑步感觉很好。皮卡德看见那个轻盈的身影向他们转过身来，挥手叫喊。他禁不住笑了笑，他看见那孩子D'Tan扑向斯波克的怀抱，拥抱他，高兴地哭着，松了一口气。他的眼睛周围有阴影，他的脸因疲劳而紧绷。他一直站着，直到克罗斯代尔允许他坐下。斯托克承认皮特，但是只有礼貌的要求。
..很多。皮特突然感到一股压倒一切的热情涌上心头。他骄傲地看着丹尼尔的脸，然后在船上。“太壮观了，他说，他激动得嗓子都哽住了。“我从未见过比这更好的了。”他转向敏妮·莫德，他睁大眼睛站着。这是一项引人注目的立法。但在实际管理中，温德姆却不太成功。“他是个最可怜的商人，“威尔伯福斯说。
他不再帮我种大麦，也不再帮我给小马穿鞋了。他总是很高兴能抓到好鱼或收成好。他希望他的同胞们吃得好，过有尊严的生活。”他认为这场悲剧是我们的第二次机会。我们氪论者可以从灰烬中站起来，走上一条新的道路。”“劳拉看到了另一个女人的激情，意识到她是真诚的。“我还是不明白你认为我能做什么——”“海瑟尔指着她房间里朴素的白色墙壁。应用石质树脂补片效果明显。
我们需要更仔细地看待这个问题，皮特。自《讲述者》离开后，奥斯威克至少向我报告过三次。我这里有文件。我们需要查阅所有这些信息，你必须告诉我你知道什么是准确的，或者不准确，我们还需要测试什么。应该出现一些画面。只剩下不列颠尼亚，不甘心，未征服的，不可饶恕的她躺在她的岛上，海洋女主人，被她的骄傲统治着，顽固的贵族，独自面对这个巨大的组合，闷闷不乐的，凶猛的，而且几乎毫不动摇。一些焦虑的商人和制造商抱怨英国的封锁，这严重影响了他们的利益。他们煽动辉格党政客谴责它。但是政府建立在土地上，不是贸易，并且充耳不闻。
似乎没有人注意到一个盲人妇女说她不会忘记一张她看不见的脸的荒谬。盲人被拘留者已经尽快撤离，在找门，第一病房的人很快就把情况通知了他们的同胞，从我们所听到的，我不相信目前我们除了服从，还能做任何事情，医生说，一定有很多，最糟糕的是，他们有武器。我们也可以武装自己，药剂师的助手说，对，如果手臂够得着树枝，从树上砍下来一些树枝，有些金属棒从我们的床上拿走了，我们几乎没有力量去挥动，尽管他们至少有一支枪支可供使用，我拒绝把我的财产交给这些瞎母狗，有人说，我也没有，加入另一个，就是这样，要么我们都交出所有的东西，或者没有人给任何东西，医生说，我们别无选择，他的妻子说，此外，这里的制度，一定和他们在外面强加的一样，任何不想付钱的人都适合自己，那是他的特权，但是他什么也吃不着，他不能指望吃东西而牺牲我们其他人，我们都会放弃现有的一切，把一切交给别人，医生说，那些没有东西可给予的人呢，药剂师的助手问，他们会吃别人决定给他们的任何东西，俗话说得对，根据各自的能力，根据每个人的需要。停顿了一下，戴着黑色眼罩的老人问，那么，我们要求谁来负责，我建议医生，戴墨镜的女孩说。没有必要进行表决，整个病房意见一致。必须有两个人，医生提醒他们，任何人愿意提供，他问，我愿意，如果没有其他人站出来，第一个盲人说，很好，让我们开始收集吧，我们需要一个袋子，一个袋子，一个小手提箱，这些东西都可以，我可以摆脱这个，医生的妻子说，她立刻开始清空一个袋子，袋子里装着化妆品和其他零碎物品，而此时她根本无法想象她现在所处的环境。他知道迷宫正是为了这个目的而设计的；那些降落到这些孤独深处的人并不打算找到出路。皮卡德稍微蹒跚了一下，停顿了一会儿，不确定他的立足点“继续走，“一个卫兵粗鲁地命令。皮卡德稍微朝他转过身来。“我呼吸困难，“他喘着气说。他弯下腰来，呼吸着凌乱的空气；他喘不过气来。在处理表格时，时常会出现一些错误值，那该如何处理？本期技巧妹与大家分享几种解决错误值的办法。
1、####
出现这种情况，一般情况有以下3种解决办法：
列宽不够，这时只要调整宽度即可。
日期相减出现负数导致的错误值，这时只要将日期格式更改为常规即可。
输入的内容不符合单元格格式，比如设置的单元格格式是输入1为女，输入2为男，结果在录入时输入了1和2以外的内容。
2、#DIV/0!
出现这种情况，主要是因为将0作为除数或者将空单元格作为除数而产生的。
解决的办法就是更改除数内容即可。
3、#VALUE!
这种错误值的原因有以下2种：
第一种：使用了非数值的单元格进行运算
比如这里用加法求和时，加上了文本，这时就出现错误值，解决办法利用其它函数代替，比如这里用SUM函数就可以解决。
第二种：用了数组公式，但获取结果直接按回车�
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imlerde Avusturya, İngiliz, Amerikan, Alman, Fince üretim tüfeklerini bulabilirsiniz. Ancak, ana, Izhevsk'te yaratılan bir keskin nişancı tüfeği olmaya devam ediyor - CB-98, bununla ilgili yeterince şikayet var.
Bu nedenle, yüksek hassasiyetli bir Rus T-5000 keskin nişancı tüfeğinin ortaya çıkması, rekabette gerçek bir sansasyondu. Galası Nizhny Tagil'deki son askeri sergisinde gerçekleşti. Ve tüfek doğrudan gösterilmiş olduğu Sochi'deki eski ekonomik forumdaki rekabete getirildi ve bir kargaşaya neden oldu.
Aslında, gayri resmi olsa bile, yeni silahların saha denemeleri başladı. Tüfek geliştiricileri derhal, profesyonellerin tüm açıklamalarından memnun olacaklarını ve tüfekün son görünümünü oluştururken bunları kesinlikle dikkate alacaklarını söyledi.
T-5000'in ayırt edici bir özelliği, paslanmaz çelik namlu ve telkari işlemidir, bu da çekim doğruluğunu gerçekten harika kılıyor. Aynı zamanda, fiyat en iyi yabancı analoglardan önemli ölçüde düşüktür. Tüfek neredeyse tüm takımların temsilcileri tarafından test edildi, keskin nişancılar biri zor bir sahne yapması için T-5000 vermek istedi - bir kilometre. Hakimlere izin verildi. Keskin nişancı silahları konusunda önde gelen uzman olan Dmitry Edalin, T-5000’ten ilk vuruşu yapan oyuncu oldu ve şöyle dedi:
Kendi yeteneklerimize olan inancımızı kaybettik, silah satın alırken giderek daha fazla yurtdışına bakıyoruz. Savunma Bakanlığı, motorlu tüfek birimlerinde ve özel kuvvetler tugaylarında ayrı keskin nişancı grupları düzenleme kararı aldı. Başta Rus olmak üzere yüksek hassasiyete sahip silahlarla silahlanacaklarına inanmak istiyorum. Havalı tüfekler yapın, devam eden yarışmada görüldüğü gibi, nasıl olduğunu unutmadık.به گزارش خبرگزاری خبرآنلاین؛ رونالدو در حال حاضر در تلاش است تا خودش را به ارلینگ هالند برساند و بهترین گلزن سال ۲۰۲۳ شود چرا که هالند تاکنون ۴۸ گل در سال ۲۰۲۳ زده است و کریستیانو رونالدو تا اینجای کار موفق شده است ۴۶ گل به ثمر برساند.
اما نکته جالب اینجا است که لیونل مسی در سال ۲۰۱۳ میلادی در حالی که ۲۶ سال سن داشت، ۴۵ گل به ثمر رساند. اکنون رونالدو در ۳۸ سالگی از تعداد گل های مسی در سال ۲۰۱۳ عبور کرده است و ۴۶ گل در سال ۲۰۲۳ تا اینجای کار زده است.
البته لیونل مسی رکورددار بیشترین گل زده در یک سال میلادی است. مسی در سال ۲۰۱۲ موفق شد ۹۱ گل به ثمر برساند و به این ترتیب از این لحاظ رکورددار باشد. رکورد قبلی متعلق به گرد مولر بود که لئو مسی آن را شکست. گرد مولر ۸۵ گل در یک سال میلادی به ثمر رسانده بود.
مسی که در سال ۲۰۱۲ رکورددار بیشترین گلِ زده در یک سال میلادی شده بود، در سال ۲۰۱۳ از لحاظ آماری افت کرد. البته او مصدومیتی هم در آن مقطع داشت که باعث افت آمار گلزنی اش شد.
۲۵۷ ۲۵۱Sanatorium Samotsvet - tedavi ve önleme 2019
31.03.2019
Sanatorium "Samotsvet" - tedavi ve önleme
Genel açıklama:Sanatorium "Samotsvet" topraklarını işgal ediyorNehir Dir kıyısında Gölü Moltaevo yakınında Ural Dağları,. Bu ülkenin en çevre dostu kısımlarından biridir. pitoresk çevresi ve uzun yıllar komşu çam ormanı artık mümkün bu muhteşem manzarayı için buraya dinlenmeye olun. Buna ek olarak, tatilcilerin yaz aylarında ormanda yürüyüş parkurları koydu ve burada kış mevsiminde mükemmel fırsatlar kros kayağı girişme. sanayi kenti geliyor - Alapaevsk ve Artemovsk. Onlara ulaşmak için, 40-50 kilometre aşmak gerekir.
Bu sanatoryumun ana tıbbi faktörüMoltaevo Gölü'nde zengin olan sapropelik çamurları belirler. Bu, bileşiminde en değerli metalleri ve organik maddeleri içeren doğal bir üründür. Bu gölün çamuru, kompozisyonunda benzersizdir. Rusya'da benzer göller var, ama çok azı var, sadece 4 tane var. Fakat Moltaiv gölünde, çamurun kalitesi diğer tüm kaynakları aşarak en yüksek şekilde tahmin ediliyor. Olağanüstü iyileşme özelliklerine ek olarak, bazı hastalıkların tedavisinde önemli olan hiçbir yan etkisi yoktur. Belki de yukarıdakilerin hepsine teşekkürler ve bu sanatoryumun adını aldınız. "Taşlar" - güzel doğa, temiz hava ve tedavi edici çamur.
Sanatorium "Samotsvet" hastalıkların tedavisini yürütmektedirkas-iskelet sistemi, sinir sistemi, solunum organları, genitoüriner sistem, infertilite, hem kadın hem erkek. Burada kardiyovasküler hastalıkların önlenmesi ve tedavisi yapılmaktadır. Özellikle tatilciler ile popüler olan özel geliştirilmiş program "Anti-stres"
Sanatorium "Samotsvet" önleme yürütüyor veDiğer hastalıklar, Mtataev gölünün sapropelik çamurunun uygulama spektrumu çok geniştir. Teknikler, evde bile kolayca ve ağrısız olarak uygulanabilecekleri koşullar ile tasarlanmıştır. Sapropel, büyük miktarlarda kullanımını gerektirmeyen oldukça büyük bir biyolojik aktiviteye sahiptir.
Sanatoryumun kendisi, ana binalardan oluşan bir topluluktan oluşur.Bu altı katlı bir binadır. İki yanından dört katlı uyuma vakalarına bitişik. Ayrı bir yemek odası ve beş katlı yatakhane bulunmaktadır.
odalar:Sanatorium "Gem" 500 kişi için tasarlanmıştır. Konuklara mükemmel tesislere sahip tek, çift ve üç kişilik konforlu odalar sunulmaktadır. Her birinde buzdolabı, telefon, TV vardır. "Suite" sınıfının odaları döşemeli mobilyalar ve klima ile donatılmıştır. Minibar bulunmaktadır. Hepsinde banyo, sıcak ve soğuk su vardır.
Güç kaynağı:Sanatoryum, konuklarına günde dört öğün yemek sunmaktadır.
Tatilciler için bilgi:Konukların rahatı için, sanatoryumda bir sauna vardır.Bir spor salonu, kütüphane, spor malzemeleri kiralama, bilardo salonu, tenis oynamak için bir oda. Büyük dans pistine sahip bir kafe, konserler, çeşitli rekabetçi programlar ve Moltaevo Gölü'ne geziler gibi çok çeşitli eğlence olanakları mevcuttur. Ancak bu, sanatoryumun tatilcilere sunabileceği her şey değildir. "Samotsvet" in bulunduğu Sverdlovsk bölgesi, manzaraları bakımından zengindir. Tatilciler için, yakındaki şehir ve mahallelerin en ilginç yerlerine uzun geziler düzenlenir. Talep üzerine, Yekaterinburg şehrine bir gezi.
yorumlar:Tabii ki, çoğu tatilcilerin busanatoryumlar, değerli sağlıklarını en azından biraz geliştirmeye karar verenlerdir. Burada, zamanlarını en iyi şekilde kullanabilmeyi mümkün kılan, mükemmel kompleks tedavi tipleri geliştirilmiştir.Tıbbi bakım seviyesi açıkyükseklik. Buna ek olarak, gezginlerin hizmetleri laboratuvar teşhis, ultrason muayenesi, sinir sisteminin tam bir muayenesi ile sağlanır. Karmaşık bir etkiye sahip olan eşsiz cihazı - SPA kapsülü "Alpha" dan bahsetmek imkansızdır. Etkileri, ışığın insanlar üzerindeki etkisi, ısı, koku ve titreşim üzerindeki eşzamanlı etkisine dayanmaktadır.
Sanatorium Samotsvet - tedavi ve önleme 2019
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