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l'attacco alla centrale nucleare è crimine di guerra Attaccare una centrale nucleare costituisce un crimine di guerra: lo twitta l'ambasciata Usa a Kiev dopo il blitz russo contro l'impianto ucraino di Zaporizhzhia. "E' un crimine di guerra attaccare una centrale nucleare. Il bombardamento da parte di Putin della più grande centrale nucleare europea porta il suo regno del terrore un passo più avanti", è il cinguettio. Kiev: "Molte donne violentate dai soldati russi" Il ministro degli Esteri ucraino, Dmytro Kuleba, ha denunciato casi di donne violentate nei territori occupati dall'esercito russo. "Quando i soldati stuprano le donne nei territori occupati, e abbiamo diversi casi- ha detto al canale televisivo N1 -, quando i soldati russi abusano delle donne nelle città ucraina, è chiaramente difficile parlare dell'efficacia della legge internazionale". Mosca: "Zelensky ha lasciato l'Ucraina, ora si trova in Polonia" Il presidente ucraino Volodymyr Zelensky "ha lasciato l'Ucraina ed è andato in Polonia". Lo sostiene il presidente della Duma russa Vyacheslav Volodin sul suo canale Telegram, secondo quanto riferisce la Tass. Non c'è alcuna conferma da parte ucraina. Ucraina, Usa: l'attacco alla centrale nucleare aumenta i rischi di una catastrofe L'attacco della Russia alla centrale nucleare di Zaporizhzhia, in Ucraina, aumenta il rischio di una "catastrofe". Lo ha detto il portavoce del Pentagono, John Kirby, in un'intervista alla Cnn. Stoltenberg (Nato): "Non invieremo truppe o opereremo nello spazio aereo Kiev" "Gli Alleati danno il loro supporto all'Ucraina, lo stiamo aumentando sotto differenti aspetti. E' cruciale, è un momento critico per Kiev. La no fly-zone è stata menzionata" nel dibattito "ma non ci sono piani per operare nello spazio aereo ucraino o per inviare nostre truppe" aggiunge il segretario generale della Nato Jens Stoltenberg in conferenza stampa. Ucraina, la Nato: i prossimi giorni saranno ancora peggio, con più morti "Questa è la peggiore aggressione militare da decenni, con città, scuole, ospedali, edifici residenziali bombardati, attacchi alle centrali nucleari. I giorni che verranno probabilmente saranno peggiori, con più morti e più distruzione". Lo dice il segretario generale della Nato, Jens Stoltenberg, in conferenza dopo il vertice straordinario dei ministri degli Esteri Nato. Le Accademie delle scienze europee escludono Russia e Bielorussia La Federazione europea delle accademie scientifiche e umanistiche (Allea) ha deciso di sospendere dai suoi membri le accademie delle scienze di Russia e Bielorussia. Lo rende noto la stessa Allea. La decisione, dichiara, sarà ridiscussa l'11 maggio ed è stata adottata "alla luce dell'invasione non provocata dell'Ucraina da parte del governo russo e sostenuta dal governo bielorusso". L'Allea ribadisce inoltre "l'impegno delle accademie europee nei confronti della libertà accademica e dei diritti umani e spera che gli sforzi per difendere la democrazia e lo stato di diritto alla fine prevalgano". La maggioranza degli svedesi è a favore dell'adesione alla Nato, è record Per la prima volta la maggioranza degli svedesi è favorevole all'entrata nella Nato: un cambiamento di opinione causato dall'invasione russa dell'Ucraina. Lo rivela un sondaggio del Demoskop Institute pubblicato oggi. In un mese il numero di sostenitori dell'adesione è balzato di nove punti, fino a raggiungere il record assoluto del 51%, mentre quelli che si oppongono sono scesi al 27%, un calo di dieci punti. Il numero degli indecisi intanto rimane quasi stabile al 22%.La guerra in Ucraina sta spingendo verso l'Alleanza atlantica non soltanto la Svezia ma anche la Finlandia. Entrambi Paesi, storicamente neutrali, sono ufficialmente non allineati, ma da anni partner della Nato. Ucraina, Putin a Lukashenko: gli obiettivi saranno tutti raggiunti I presidenti di Russia e Bielorussia, Vladimir Putin e Alexander Lukashenko, hanno discusso in una conversazione telefonica "l'andamento dell'operazione militare speciale della Russia per proteggere la popolazione civile del Donbass". Lo riferisce il Cremlino in una nota. Putin ha riferito a Lukashenko che gli obiettivi dell'operazione in Ucraina, portata avanti secondo in piani, saranno completati totalmente. "Si è discusso anche di alcuni temi relativi ai colloqui tra i rappresentanti di Russia e Ucraina che si sono tenuti ieri in Bielorussia". Ucraina, la Borsa di Londra sospende tutti i titoli di società russe Il London Stock Exchange ha sospeso tutti i titoli di società con forti legami con la Russia quotati sulla sua piattaforma, mentre un consigliere indipendente ha lasciato il board di Evraz, il gruppo siderurgico e minerario di cui Roman Abramovich detiene il 29%. La borsa di Londra ha sospeso le ultime otto società ancora quotate dopo aver sospeso ieri 27 titoli. Al LSE si scambiano vari strumenti finanziari delle società russe, come le depositary receipts, ma non le azioni ordinarie, che sono quotate su altre Borse. Evraz, che ha sede nel Regno Unito ed è a tutti gli effetti quotata a Londra, ha annunciato le dimissioni dal board con effetto immediato di James Rutherford, consigliere non esecutivo. L'Institute of Directors ieri ha invitato i cittadini britannici a lasciare i consigli di società russe, affermando che "non è più possibile" restare nei cda dopo l'invasione russa dell'Ucraina. Nel board di Evraz siedono anche l'ex dirigente di Ford Stephen Odell e l'ex segretario privato del principe Carlo Sir Michael Peat, il cui cognome è la "p" in KPMG. Peat è in scadenza a fine marzo. Evraz, che la scorsa settimana ha annunciato un dividendo di 450 milioni di dollari a beneficio di Abramovich, finora è sfuggita alle sanzioni adottate contro altre società legate alla Russia. Ucraina, il Cremlino ai russi: ora bisogna unirsi intorno a Putin "C'è chi sostiene l'azione della Federazione russa in Ucraina, c'è chi non capisce, ma ora bisogna stare insieme, unirsi intorno al presidente". Così il portavoce del Cremlino Dmitry Peskov, esortando i cittadini russi e citato Da Ria Novosti. Paralimpiadi Pechino: alla sfilata inaugurale Ucraina con una tuta-bandiera, lo stadio applaude Un lungo applauso del pubblico ha accolto e accompagnato la sfilata della delegazione ucraina alla cerimonia di apertura delle Paralimpiadi di Pechino 2022: la delegazione di atleti di Kiev è entrata sulla pista dello stadio Nido d'Uccello dietro alla bandiera nazionale e indossando una tuta che la riproduceva, con i tradizionali colori giallo e blu. Il numero uno del Comitato internazionale paralimpico Andrew Parsons si è alzato in piedi ad applaudire in segno di rispetto e solidarietà per l'aggressione russa. Ucraina, Di Maio: "Russia nervosa, non è riuscita a dividerci" "I russi" hanno provato a dividere i Paesi Ue, ma "non ci sono riusciti. E il loro nervosismo è evidente. C'è una resistenza europea in Ucraina. La guerra di Putin è contro la democrazia". Lo dice il ministro degli Esteri Luigi Di Maio, a Bruxelles, a margine della ministeriale Nato. Gli operai della centrale nucleare di Zaporizhzhia al lavoro sotto la minaccia delle armi Gli operai all'interno della centrale nucleare di Zaporizhzhia, nella città di Enerhodar, "stanno lavorando sotto la minaccia delle armi". Lo riferisce la Cnn, che cita Petro Kotin, il capo di Energoatom, l'azienda di Stato ucraina che si occupa della gestione delle quattro centrali nucleari sul territorio. Kotin ha detto che le forze russe "sono entrate nell'area della centrale nucleare, hanno preso il controllo del personale e la gestione dell'impianto. Al personale è stato dato il permesso di entrare nella centrale per lavorare". Di Maio: aperta una linea rossa con Mosca per l'evacuazione dei civili Sul tema dei corridoi umanitari "abbiamo aperto una linea rossa con la Russia per l'evacuazione dei civili dall'Ucraina. E' un lavoro che faremo dal punto divista umanitario con l'Unità di Crisi e l'intelligence, voglio ringraziare tutti gli apparati dello Stato italiano che coinvolgeremo per evacuare bambini dalle bombe, famiglie che non hanno più una casa. Perché l'esercito russo ha colpito anche obiettivi civili". Lo dice il ministro degli Esteri Luigi Di Maio al termine del summit dei ministri degli Esteri Nato. Ucraina, Putin: "Non esacerbate la situazione con altre sanzioni" Il presidente russo Vladimir Putin ha avvertito coloro che si oppongono alle azioni della Russia in Ucraina di "non esacerbare la situazione" imponendo ulteriori sanzioni al suo Paese. "Non abbiamo cattive intenzioni contro i nostri vicini", ha detto durante una riunione del suo governo trasmessa da Rossiya24, tv controllata dallo Stato. Il governo "non vede la necessità" che i Paesi vicini intraprendano ulteriori azioni che "peggiorino i nostri rapporti". Le truppe russe entrano a Mykolayiv sul mar Nero Le truppe russe sono entrate per la prima volta nella città portuale ucraina di Mykolayiv, sul Mar Nero, a metà strada tra Kherson, caduta nei giorni scorsi, e Odessa. Lo hanno affermato le autorità regionali, riferisce il Telegraph online. Zelensky: stanotte a Zaporizhzhia sfiorata la fine d'Europa, il popolo russo non può rimanere in silenzio Un disastro alla centrale nucleare di Zaporizhzhia sarebbe sei volte peggiore di Chernobyl. Lo ha detto il presidente ucraino Volodymyr Zelensky, secondo quanto riporta il Kyiv Independent. "Questa notte sarebbe potuta essere la fine della storia dell'Ucraina e dell'Europa", ha detto Zelensky, aggiungendo che i russi "sapevano cosa stavano colpendo, hanno mirato direttamente il sito". "Gente di Russia,come è possibile. Abbiamo combattuto insieme le conseguenze del disastro di Chernobyl del 1986. Ve lo siete dimenticato? Se ve lo ricordate non potete stare in silenzio. Dite ai vostri leader che volete vivere". Direttore Aiea: pronto per andare a Chernobyl Dopo l'incendio questa notte all'impianto nucleare di Zaporizhzhia, in Ucraina, il direttore generale dell'Agenzia internazionale per l'energia atomica, Daniel Grossi, propone a russi ed ucraini di recarsi a Chernobyl per assicurare che tutte le parti concordino di preservare gli impianti nucleari."Ho indicato sia alla Federazione russa che all'Ucraina la mia disponibilità a viaggiare a Chenrobyl il prima possibile in modo che i sette pilastri cruciali non siano mai compromessi", ha detto Grossi in una conferenza stampa, dopo aver esposto i principi-base dell'Aiea ed aver sottolineato che questa notte a Zaporizhzia ha visto violato il principio dell'integrità fisica della centrale nucleare. L'idea di Grossi è incontrare alla nota centrale nucleare emissari delle due parti."La mia idea è di trovare un accordo su un quadro che impegni a non compromettere i principi che abbiamo tutti sottoscritto", ha detto Grossi."Sappiamo tutti che, viste le circostanze sul terreno, la logistica del viaggio, la mia presenza, non saranno facili ma al tempo stesso credo che non non sarebbe impossibile. Se dobbiamo estendere la nostra assistenza dobbiamo essere lì e il primo ad esserci deve essere il capo dell'Aiea"."Voglio chiarire un punto", ha aggiunto Grossi: "Questa mia iniziativa non ha nulla a che fare con gli aspetti politici di questa crisi, non è il mio mandato, non sono il Consiglio di sicurezza dell'Onu, non sono il segretario generale dell'Onu, non sono un mediatore auto nominato: voglio essere estremamente chiaro. Stiamo parlando di un quadro sotto l'egida dell'Aiea grazie al quale l'Ucraina e le forze presenti lì possono mettersi d'accordo ad un impegno a non compromettere i nostri principi". Aiea, nessuno dei reattori di Zaporizhzhia è stato colpito Nessun reattore della centrale nucleare di Zaporizhzhia "è stato coinvolto o colpito". Lo ha detto il direttore generale dell'Agenzia Internazionale per l'Energia Nucleare, Rafael Mariano Grossi,dopo l'incendio alla centrale nucleare nella città ucraina di Energodar. "Noi siamo fortunati perché non c'è stato nessun rilascio di radiazioni nell'ambiente circostante e l'integrità di reattori è stata mantenuta". Nato, Stoltenberg: attacco a centrale irresponsabile Il segretario generale della Nato Jens Stoltenberg ha condannato i bombardamenti "irresponsabili" delle forze russe che hanno colpito la centrale nucleare di Zaporizhzhya nell'Ucraina meridionale e ha chiesto la fine della guerra. "L'attacco a una centrale nucleare dimostra la natura irresponsabile di questa guerra e la necessita' di porvi fine", ha affermato Stoltenberg, durante un breve intervento al fianco del Segretario di Stato americano Antony Blinken, prima di una riunione di emergenza dei ministri degli Esteri dell'Alleanza. Draghi: scellerato l'attacco alla centrale nucleare Il presidente del Consiglio, Mario Draghi, condanna l'attacco scellerato da parte della Russia alla centrale nucleare di Zaporizhzhia. "Un attacco - osserva - contro la sicurezza di tutti". L'Unione Europea, dice ancora il premier, deve continuare a reagire unita e con la massima fermezza, insieme agli alleati, per sostenere l'Ucraina e proteggere i cittadini europei. Segretario di stato Usa Blinken: "Non cerchiamo il conflitto ma se arriva siamo pronti" "Come ha detto il segretario generale, la nostra è un'Alleanza difensiva. Non cerchiamo il conflitto ma se il conflitto arriva da noi, siamo pronti. Difenderemo ogni centimetro del territorio della Nato". Lo ha dichiarato il segretario di Stato americano, Antony Blinken, in un punto stampa con il segretario generale della Nato, Jens Stoltenberg, all'avvio del Consiglio Nato in corso a Bruxelles. Attacco hacker alla più grande azienda spaziale russa Un "massiccio attacco" hacker ai server della più grande azienda spaziale russa, Energia, è stato
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hırpalanmış ve toprağa gömülmüş, altında yürüdükleri ölü ağaçların üzerine asılmış ve uzaktaki haçlara çarmıha gerilmiş görüntüleri onları hala sonuna kadar rahatsız ediyordu. Momo aniden izlerinde duruncaya kadar ölü ormanda yürümeye devam ettiler. Kızların geri kalanı, korkusuz liderlerinin ne için durduğunu merak ederek davayı takip etti. Momo, arkalarından gelen hafif bir uğultu sesi duyana kadar birkaç saniye gökyüzüne baktı. “HERKES, SAKLANSIN!” Kızlar hızla Momo'nun ani komutasına atladılar ve saklanacak bir yer aramak için etrafta dolandılar. Kızlar ölü bir ağacın altında büyük bir kaya fark ettiler ve hızla altına dalmaya karar verdiler, arkalarında ne varsa geçmelerini beklediler, böylece yolculuklarına devam edebileceklerdi. Mina, kayanın altından dört insansız hava aracının üzerlerinde dolaştığını görmek için dışarı baktı, yaklaşık bir düzine adam onu takip etti, hepsi kırmızı ve siyah kamuflaj yorgunluklarıyla ve tepeden tırnağa cephane torbalarıyla kaplıydı. Adamlar dikenli kızıl saçlı ve göğsünde kurşun geçirmez bir yelek olan bir figür tarafından yönetiliyordu, çenesi insanlık dışı bir dereceye kadar kareli bir şekli vardı ve Adem'in Oğulları sembolü sol omzuna karmakarışıktı. Lider Mina'ya tanıdık geldi ama tam olarak emin olmadı. Adamların lideri küçük ordusuna geri döndü. "Pekala, kromozom detektörünü aç.” Askerlerden biri bir çeşit uzaktan kumandayı çıkardı ve bir düğmeye bastı, bu da erkeklerin üzerindeki dronların koyu yeşil bir ışık yaymaktan kan kırmızısı bir parıltıya geçmesine neden oldu, sensörleri tüm orman alanını tarayarak tüm dronlardan yüksek bir siren yankılanana kadar. "KADIN TESPİT EDİLDİ. DİŞİ TESPİT EDİLDİ. YETMİŞ DOKUZ METRE KUZEYDE.” Aniden, kayanın altındaki kadın kahramanlar saklandıkları yerden kaçtılar ve adamlar silahlarını üzerlerine doğrulttular. kaçak dişilere tüfeklerinden sakinleştirici mermiler atıyorlar. Tsuyu, kıçına bir kurşunla vuruluncaya kadar kızların önüne atlamaya çalıştı ve hemen bilinçsiz bir duruma düştü. Ochako arkadaşının vücuduna koştu. "TSUYU, UYAN! UYAN LÜTFEN!” Mina ve Jiro, Momo Ochako'yu kolundan tutup koşmaya devam ederken kurbağa dişiye yardım etmeye çalışan yerçekimi kızının yanından geçerek arkadaşlarını kurtaramayacaklarını fark ettiler. Kendilerini kurtarmak zorundaydılar. Mermiler, arkalarından gelen bir ıslık sesi duyulana kadar başlarının üzerinden uçmaya devam etti. Ochako arkasına baktı ve onlara doğru gelen bir füze barajını gördü. Kızlar, Momo onları mermilerden korumak için önlerine koşarken çığlık attılar. Füzeler, hepsi havaya fırlatılırken, yere düşerken ve bu süreçte bayılırken kızların önünde yere çarptı. - Ochako'nun gözleri yavaşça açıldı, sahip olduğu büyük migren nedeniyle başını ovmaya çalıştı. Kollarını ya da bacaklarını hareket ettiremediğini fark etti ve başını bile zar zor hareket ettirebiliyordu. Bir çeşit kapalı alandaydı, o kadar dardı ki, biraz daha rahat etmek için içinde bulunduğu küçük alanın etrafında kıpırdamaya çalışırken yüzü yüzünün önündeki metal çubuklara çarpmıştı. Bir çeşit kafese hapsedilmiş olmasının yanı sıra, tepeden tırnağa tamamen çıplaktı, amının dudakları arkasındaki soğuk duvara çarpıyordu. Ortadaki gruba çarptıktan sonra ne olduğunu hatırlayamadı, tek bildiği üşüdüğü, başı ağrıdığı ve çığlıklar duymasıydı. Bir sürü çığlık. Tüm kadınsı bir ses. İçinde bulunduğu kafesin önünden etrafa bakmaya çalıştı, diğer tarafta ne olduğunu gözlemledi. Bir çeşit dev odaydı, kafesleri diğer tarafta ve hemen yanındakiyle aynıydı. İçinde bulunduğu odada binlerce, belki de yüz binlerce kafes olmalı, hepsi kadın ve kızlarla doluydu. Bazıları sevgili yaşam için çığlık atıyordu, diğerleri sessizce kendilerine hıçkırıyorlardı, ama çoğu tam olarak Ochako'nun yaptığı şeyi yapıyordu; yüzlerini köpeklerden daha azmış gibi kafeslere bastırarak etraflarında neler olup bittiğini anlamaya çalışıyorlardı. - O kafeste ne kadar kaldığını bilmiyordu. Ochako belki saatlerce hatta günlerce bekliyordu. Tam olarak anlayamamış. Görebildiği ve duyabileceği tek şey çığlık atan ve birilerinin onlara yardım etmesi için ağlayan diğer kadınlardı. Ölmek istemesine neden oldu. Kafesine doğru gelen ayak seslerini duymaya başladı, belli ki bir erkek figürü kafes kapısının önünde durdu, bir anahtarı çıkardı ve kapıdaki kilidi açtı, saçlarını tuttu ve Ochako'yu kafesinden çekerek soğuk zemine sürüklendi. Kahverengi saçlı kahraman saçları tarafından sürüklenirken yürümeye devam etti, kadınlarla dolu diğer kafeslere bakarken sevgili yaşam için çığlık attı, hepsi de sürüklenirken ona baktı. Ochako nerede olduğuna daha iyi baktı; Bir odada değildi, bir bileşikteydi, içinde dişileri olan kilometrelerce kafesler vardı. Kafesler sonsuza kadar devam edebilir gibiydi. Dakikalarca yürüdükleri sonsuz kafeslerden bir mola gibi duran bir odanın kapısında durdular. Saçlarını çeken adam onu ayağa kaldırdı ve serbest eliyle kapıyı açtı, onu soğuk, karanlık odaya attı ve arkasından içeri girdi. Ayağa kalkmaya çalıştı, ama yere düştüğünde dizleri ağırlığının altında büküldü, adam ona eşlik etti ve acıklı bir gösteriye güldü. Onu tekrar kolundan aldı ve başını ve ellerini kıçının havaya yapışmasına neden olan metal bir şarampole soktu, amının kendisini odadaki küçük bir ışığın altında parladığını gösterdi. Arkasındaki adam kendine güldü, seçimi aşağılayıcı gösteride yükselmeye başladı. “Hehe, güzel birisin, değil mi? Seni bitirmek için sabırsızlanıyorum. Arkadaşlarınla da aynı.” Ochako, odadaki diğer ışıkların kendilerini aydınlatması, yanında ne olduğunu göstermesi gibi ne demek istediğini merak etti; takım arkadaşları Jirou, Momo, Mina ve Tsuyu da metal stoklarında, havada yağ kıçlarında ve soğuktan titreyen amcıklarında. Pembe yanaklı kadın arkadaşlarına baktı, hepsi yüzlerinde şaşkın, kızgın ve endişeli bakışlarla. Yine birlikteydiler, ama ne kadar süreceğini bilmiyorlardı. Adamın ayak seslerini odanın diğer tarafına doğru uzaktan duydular, bir şeyle paslandığını, düğmelere basıldığını ve arkalarında hareket eden bir şeyin gıcırdadığını duydular. Kapı yine açıldı. "Hey çocuklar, hazırlar!” Bununla birlikte, odaya dört adam daha girdi, hepsi değişik derecelerde taktik teçhizatı ve yüzlerini gizleyen maskeleri ve kaskları vardı. Hepsinin elinde çift namlulu av tüfekleri vardı, yakaladıkları ava bakıyorlardı, hepsi kendilerini erkeklere sunuyorlardı, horozları görüşte dikkat çekiyorlardı. Adamlardan biri konuşmaya başladı. "Pekala beyler, 8272 numaralı infaz videosuna hazır mısınız?” Odadaki diğer erkekler coşkuyla bağırdı, diğer taraftaki kızlar ne söylediklerini duydular ve şarampollerden çıkmaya çalıştılar. Adamlar hareketlerini fark ettiler ve sadece güldüler ve tezahürat yaptılar. "Siz amcıklar rahatsız etmeyebilirsiniz, güçlerinizden kurtulmak için Tuhaf Yıkıcı Mermiler kullandık; sizin için bir çıkış yolu yok.” Momo dişlerini sıktı, Mina ve Tsuyu'nun yüzlerinden gözyaşları dökülmeye başladı ve Jiro ve Ochako onların üzerine dehşete düşmüş ifadeler çizdiler. Yapabilecekleri hiçbir şey yoktu. Diğer adamlardan biri tekrar konuşurken arkalarında bir şeyler zap sesi duydular. "Yerlerinizi alın çocuklar. Bu parazitlere herkesin gurur duyabileceği bir ölüm verin.” Adamlar kurbanlarının önüne dizildi, av tüfeklerini havaya soktular ve sonra yavaşça, acı verici bir şekilde onları kızların aşk deliklerinin içine ittiler, bayanların beşi de dondurucu metal çubuğa çığlık attı ve hepsi aynı anda onlara girdi. Beş adam da pantolonlarını serbest elleriyle indirdi ve penislerini tuttu, dişilerin acısını görünce yavaşça kendilerini okşadı. "Kuralları biliyorsunuz. Eğer boşaltırsan, orospunu da vurmalısın. Son boşaltan kazanır.” Kızların hepsi av tüfeklerinin vücutlarını terk ettiklerini hissettiler, hızlı bir şekilde tekrar içeri itildiler, silahların her pompası kızların duvarlarına taşladı, kahramanlar en kutsal bölgelerine yapılan saldırıda çığlık attı ve ağladı. Erkekler, vuruşlarının hızı gittikçe hızlandıkça, tüm kızların amcıklarına nüfuz eden av tüfeklerinin hızına uyan mastürbasyonlarının ritmiyle tekrar güldüler. Silahların namluları giderek daha da kadın deliklerine girdi, amcıklarından yere ve erkeklerin silahlarına damlamak için kan sahnelendi, silahların sarsıntı hareketlerinin oranı daha da hızlı hale geldi. Tsuyu'nun silahlı adamı sonuna yaklaşırken konuştu. "Kahretsin, patlamak üzereyim!" Mina'ya nüfuz eden yanındaki adam kıkırdadı. "Evet, o da öyle." Tsuyu yalvarmaya başladı. "Hayır, kero! Lütfen, hayır, hayır, hayır." Tsuyu'nun saldırganı güldü, sadece kendini durdurmak ve havada yüksek sesle inlemek için, silahının tetiğini çekerken horozundan ateş eden, vücudundan geçen ve alnından var olan dev mermiler. Erkeklerin hepsi vajinal saldırılarını durdurarak ilk adamın yaptığı karmaşaya baktılar, kızların geri kalanı ellerinden gelenin en yüksek sesle çığlık attılar, en iyi arkadaşlarından birinin ani ölümüyle sarsıldılar. "İyi gittin, salak. Kaybettin", Jiro'ya tecavüz eden adam yüzünde bir sırıtmayla söyledi. Tsuyu'nun katili yenilgiyle iç çekti. "Ah, adamım." Tüfeğinin namlusunu Tsuyu'nun amından çıkardı, açılıştan fışkıran kan ve meyve suları. Duvara yaslanmak için giderken silahını aldı, kurbağa kızın cesedinin deponun içinde düşüşüşe bıraktı, diğer erkeklerin kızlara tekrar girip çıkmaya başladıkları sırada oyunlarına devam ettiklerini gözlemledi. Kalan kızların hepsi gözlerinde yaşlar oluşturmaya başladı, hatta momo, av tüfeği tekrar tekrar amına girip çıkarken korkusunu daha fazla tutamadı. Tecavüzcüsünü yumuşakça inlemeye başladığını duyabiliyordu, bu da onun için tek bir anlama gelebilirdi; Sırada o vardı. Orgazmı beklentisiyle saldırganın eli hızlanırken gözlerini kapadı ve nefesini kesti. Momo, vücuduna saldıran pompaların ortasında iki kelime söyledi. "Ben.... üzgünüm...." Silah ona ateş etti, duvarı kızların liderinin kanıyla boyadı. Diğer kadınlar tekrar çığlık attılar, son umutları ölüme boyun eğdiğinde moralleri tamamen bozuldu, gözleri hala kapalıydı, en azından tim arkadaşlarını cansız bedenine bakma zahmetinden kurtaracak kadar iradeye sahipti. Jirou silahıyla onu beceren serseriye doğru bağırdı. “B-bütün hepinizi ö-öldüreceğiz." Sesi, arkasındaki adama ait pompalı tüfeğin güçlü patlamasıyla kesildi. Geriye sadece Ochako ve Mina kaldı ve hemen yanlarındaki yüksek güçlü patlaktan neredeyse sağır olmaya başladılar. İkisi de tekrar bağırmaya çalıştılar, ama sesleri vermeye başlamıştı, ister yaptıkları çığlıklardan olsun, ister vücutlarının onlara vazgeçmelerini ve kaderlerini kabul etmelerini söyleme yolu olsun. Diğer erkekler son iki erkek çocuğa alkışladılar ve kurbanları, av tüfekleri doğum kanallarına girip çıkarken, kızların yüzleri kiraz kadar kırmızı, gözleri onlardan gelen gözyaşları şelalelerine kan sıçrarken tezahürat yaptı. Mina'nın arkasındaki adam inlemeye başladı, temposu daha hızlı ve dengesiz hale geldi. Yükünü onun içinde vurmak üzereydi. Mina, Ochako'ya son bir kez baktı ve ağzından son sözleri tükürmeye çalıştı. "Ben... sev-" Kurşunlar Mina'nın pembe uzaylı amını deldi ve beyninden duvara çarptı ve tuvale başka bir kızın kanıyla sıçradı. Ochako her yerde hırpalanıyordu, hala içinde olan pompalı tüfekle savaşmaya çalışıyordu, kadınsı takım arkadaşlarından kan kokusunu, beyin ve kafatası maddesini gözünün önünden ayırmaya çalışıyordu. Son kızın arkasındaki adam silahını çıkardı ve hareketlerini tamamen durdurduğu, sonunda yenilmiş ve zihinsel olarak kırıldığı için onu bir an rahatlattı. Arkasındaki adamlar, oyunlarının galibini sırtlarından okşadı, onu alkışladı ve yumruklarını havada salladı. Daha sonra hepsi Ochako'nun hareketsiz bedenine döndüler, hala hayattaydı ve zar zor hareket ediyordu. "Yani... Onunla ne yapacağız?" diye sordu. Yoldaşı ona baktı ve sırıttı. "Bence buradaki son kıza patlayıcı bir veda etmeliyiz!" Adamların hepsi av tüfeklerini aldılar ve Ochako'nun hala kanayan amına doğru yürüdüler, hepsi de kendi toplu namlularını itip kaktılar. Ochako'nun amını dolduran beş av tüfeği vardı, ama o zaman bile, ürkmüş gibi görünmüyordu. Düşünüyordu ki. Son yıllarını daha tatmin edici hale getirmek için hayatında neler yapabileceğini düşünüyordu. Her şey bu kadar ters gitmeseydi yaşayabileceği hayatı. Kendini hayal etti, tanıştığı herkesin hayatını kurtardı, onu idol edinen tüm küçük kız ve erkeklerin fotoğraflarını imzaladı. Izuku'yu düşündü. Onun Deku'su. Şu anda nerede olduğunu merak ediyordu. Küçük bir kısmı, belki de bunca zaman sonra, dünyada olanlardan sonra, hala iyilerden biri olduğunu umuyordu, dua etti. Umduğu son şey buydu. Ochako'nun amını sonuna kadar uzaten beş silah namlusu aynı anda ateşlendi, kızın vücudunu milyonlarca kanlı parçaya ayırdı, onu infaz eden adamlar maskelerini ve kasklarını çıkarmaya başlarken göğüsleri ve gözleri odanın her yerinde uçuştu. Küllü saçlı bir sarışının yüz hatları, yeşil saçlı çilli arkadaşına bakarken kendini gösterdi. "Lanet olsun, Deku. Bunları nasıl kazanırsın ki?" Deku maskesini çıkarırken gülümsedi ve saçlarının çıkmasına izin verdi. "Sana söyledim, Kacchan, bayanları nasıl ıslatacağımı biliyorum." dedi. Kacchan pantolonunu yukarı çekmeye başladığında inledi. "Hepsini çektin, değil mi Mineta?" Mineta başını salladı. "Evet," dedi. Üzüm kafalı arkadaşları kameraya doğru yürüdü ve kapattı. not:bu yazı "Chapter 3: Ochako Uraraka - No Heroine Left Alive (My Hero Academia) " hikayesinin çevirisidir. One of the newest trends in technology is the GPS tracking system. Used for many different purposes, GPS tracking systems are becoming popular for both professional and domestic uses. With all of the new trends in technology, GPS tracking systems are becoming a modern accessory. GPS stands for Global Positioning System. GPS tracking systems use a GPS receiver. GPS receivers rely on twenty-seven different satellites orbiting around the Earth to help them calculate their exact position. The GPS receiver communicates with the satellites, then calculates where it is located using the satellites distance from the Earth. This information can then be used to help navigate to another specific location, or just to locate something that is using a GPS tracking system. GPS tracking systems can be found in cell phones, vehicles, and even computers. GPS tracking systems are mainly used in vehicles to help locate them in the event of the theft of that particular vehicle. If the vehicle is stolen, then the GPS receiver can be contacted to relay the exact location of the stolen vehicle. Used previously only by the government and large companies, GPS tracking systems can be purchased by a
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helters has declined dramatically in the past 15 years. However, the number of cats, specifically feral cats entering shelters, is on the rise. Anti-breeding campaigners obscure the progress made in reducing the number of dogs killed in shelters by combining dog and cat numbers and by implying that they are all former pets that are now dumped and dying because no one wants them. They neglect to note that a large number of these animals are either surrendered by their owners for euthanasia because they are old and sick, seriously injured, or dangerously aggressive; that many of the dogs euthanized are unidentified, unclaimed strays that are too old, sick, injured or aggressive to be placed in new homes; and many of the cats euthanized are feral animals that were never owned but were trapped and impounded because they have become nuisances. NAIA believes that dog and cat shelter intakes and euthanasias should be considered separately and that plans to reduce the number of shelter deaths of each species should be formulated to address these individual differences. For example, while shelters in some parts of the country may have a surplus of puppies, those puppies are generally adopted, not euthanized. Studies have shown that the vast majority of dogs entering shelters are unwanted by their current owners or are unidentified strays that are not reclaimed by their owners. Therefore, NAIA believes that intervention before owners become frustrated and dogs become community nuisances is the key to reducing shelter surrenders and death. A combination of educational programs provided by shelters, dog clubs, veterinarians, and other dog professionals and strict enforcement of animal control and nuisance laws will go a long way towards the goal. Many cats entering shelters have been trapped as feral animals. Although feral kittens can adjust to life as house pets if caught young enough, adult feral cats do not adjust to living indoors as pets, so it is misleading to include these cats in any estimate of the numbers of pets dying in shelters. Instead of incarceration and death, a number of communities have instituted programs in which the cats are trapped, vaccinated, and sterilized, then released back into the environment where they often aid in rodent control on farms and urban areas. NAIA opposes laws that target these problems by attempting to restrict or ban breeding or penalize responsible owners of intact dogs and cats. Instead NAIA recommends that those who would like to further reduce the number of shelter deaths urge community leaders to study local pet population dynamics to identify where the problems lie, mobilize shelters and dog and cat fanciers to devise and implement solutions, and insist on strict enforcement of animal control and nuisance laws. - NAIA's Guide to constructing pet friendly ordinances - "Redefining pet overpopulation: The no-kill movement and the new jet setters" - "Save Our Strays: A comprehensive look at the dog and cat population dilemmas" - "Canine euthanasia risks" - NAIA archived articles about cats - The LA Catastrophe - NAIA: Dog fanciers can join forces to turn the tables on anti-breed, anti-breeder, and anti-pet groups - NAIA: Canine Issues Dog Breeders & Trainers Alliance - NAIA: Is it compassionate to cut back on dog breeding? - National Council on Pet Population and Study Many owners consider their pets to be part of their families. As a result, they use family terms to describe their relationship with the animals that share their lives. Some owners consider themselves 'pet parents' and treat their animals as children. The latest American Pet Products Manufacturers Association survey shows that 62% of American households own at least one pet and 47% own more than one. These pet owners spend an estimated $30 billion annually on their dogs, cats, fish, birds, rodents and reptiles because they love their animals and want to provide the best possible care for them. Advocates of rights for animals have seized on this closeness between people and their pets to initiate a campaign to undermine pet ownership. They claim that making owners into guardians will result in better treatment for animals. However, their campaign rhetoric tells a different story: here they admit that they intend to use their effort as a wedge to end the ownership of pets. In their own words: "Our goal: to convince people to rescue and adopt instead of buying or selling animals, to disavow the language and concept of animal ownership." - Eliot Katz, In Defense of Animals " ... If people had companion animals in their homes, those animals would have to be refugees from the animal shelters and the streets. You would have a protective relationship with them just as you would with an orphaned child. ..." -Ingrid Newkirk, PETA vice-president, quoted in The Harper's Forum Book, Jack Hitt, ed., 1989, p.223. US law is based on ownership of property, including animals. Property rights protect owners and their pets from unwarranted seizure by authorities and allow owners to make decisions about pet care, training, breeding, housing, and other matters. NAIA strongly supports laws that preserve our right to own pets, recognize acceptable animal care practices based on sound veterinary science, clearly define animal cruelty and neglect, and hold animal owners fully accountable for animal welfare violations. NAIA's position is that pets are best protected and cared for by those who own them and therefore strongly opposes concepts and policies that allow others to make those decisions. NAIA also believes that replacing 'pet owner' with 'pet guardian' will - clog the courts with frivolous cases brought by animal rights extremists on behalf of dogs, cats and other pets. - harm animals by creating confusion about who is responsible for their care. - make veterinary care so expensive that many animals will not receive it or will be prematurely euthanized. - lead to increasingly restrictive animal care laws and regulations. - limit the right of individuals to buy and sell pets as they choose. - Guardian surfaces in San Francisco - Los Angeles considers guardian proposal - NAIA brochure: The 'pet guardian movement': an innocent attempt to improve animal care or the end of pet ownership? - Dog fanciers can join forces to turn the tables on anti-breed, anti-breeder, and anti-pet groups Animal shelters fall into three general categories: Humane societies, private shelters, and animal control agencies. Like other animal interests and industries, shelters fall within a continuum of philosophies, policies, and missions. Some promote a no-kill philosophy even while dickering with others about the meaning of "no-kill." Some build fund-raising efforts around the numbers of animals they kill rather than the number they save. Some have such strict adoption policies that almost no one can qualify to get a pet, and others will sell a pet to anyone with the adoption fee and a leash. Publicly funded animal control agencies also operate under a range of policies, but because they are charged by law with protecting the community from dogs that are nuisances or dangerous and because they do no fund-raising around humane issues, they are often denigrated as animal killers. However, many animal control agencies employ exemplary policies and practices that responsibly increase pet adoptions and provide community education about responsible pet ownership. Some humane societies solve their money problems by contracting to fulfill animal control services for their communities even though such agreements cause confusion among staff and volunteers and open them to criticism for conflict of interest between their function as animal caretakers and their responsibilities as law enforcement authorities. Some shelters decline to become government partners in animal control, and others that have signed such contracts in the past are giving them up. No-kill shelters are not all the same. Some use reason and common sense when writing policies that determine the adoptability of animals, and others will not euthanize an animal no matter how much it is suffering or how dangerous it might be. Some provide treatment to animals with mild illnesses and controllable chronic illnesses, fix traumatic but repairable injuries, provide socialization and training for unruly dogs, bring malnourished dogs back to health, and euthanize those animals that cannot be rehabilitated by reasonable efforts to treat medical or behavioral problems. Some release vicious dogs to the public regardless of the risks to public safety and spend thousands of dollars to save an animal when death would be a release from chronic pain and suffering. Some no-kill shelters aggressively market adoptable animals, and others have such strict adoption requirements that few people can qualify for a new pet. Animal control shelters, including those operated by private humane societies, are sometimes forced to use narrower criteria for assessing adoptability than private shelters because their mandate is set by government statutes, ordinances, regulations and policies rather than by a mission statement. Accordingly, and because (unlike private shelters and SPCAs) animal control agencies generally accept all dogs and cats that are brought to them and are required by law to keep them regardless of their adoptability for a specified period of time, crowding may force animal control agencies to euthanize adoptable animals or ones with milder health or behavior problems such as ear mites, kennel cough, skin lesions, excessive barking, or destructive chewing, in order to free up space for more adoptable animals. NAIA supports animal shelters and animal control agencies that - Provide temporary shelter for dogs and cats impounded under animal control laws or surrendered by owners who can no longer care for their pets; - Set reasonable policies for rehabilitating animals and placing them in new homes, - Educate the public about responsible pet care and training, - Conduct adoption programs that parallel the placement efforts of responsible breeders, and - Are willing to take back any animal that does not work in its new home. NAIA urges all shelters, public and private, to scan for microchips in incoming dogs, implant chips in adopted dogs, provide basic training and socialization for dogs before adoption, work with rescues and breeders to match prospective owners to a dog that fits their lifestyles and meets their needs, and coordinate training efforts with local training clubs and businesses. NAIA recognizes the value of cooperative programs between shelters and prisons both for training and socializing dogs to prepare them for new homes and for teaching skills to nonviolent inmates. NAIA also supports animal control agencies that make the tough decision to euthanize a dog in the interest of public safety, especially when the decision is made in the face of vocal opposition from activists intent upon vilifying the agency and second-guessing its policies and judgment. NAIA believes that local governments should adequately fund animal control agencies so that they are able to put policies in place that will enhance public safety and provide humane treatment for the dogs in their care. Although few studies about the numbers of animals entering shelters and the numbers of healthy animals euthanized in shelters have been done and those that are available depend on a limited number of survey responses, all indications are that fewer dogs are entering animal shelters, more of the dogs that are entering shelters are leaving for new homes, and there is actually a shortage of puppies and small dogs in some areas of the country. However, activists who oppose dog breeding claim that there is still a huge overpopulation of dogs and cats in the US, that euthanasia in shelters is increasing, and that dog breeders are somehow to blame for the shelter deaths. These activists promote mandatory spay and neuter laws and other restrictions on breeding as the solution to "overpopulation" and conduct annual drives to convince owners that every intact pet will be responsible for thousands more dogs or cats in its fertile lifetime. NAIA recognizes that responsible pet owners and breeders do not contribute to shelter dog intakes and deaths and supports the rights of dog and cat owners to make their own decisions about pet sterilization and breeding. NAIA opposes mandatory sterilization of pets but encourages owners to voluntarily take steps to prevent accidental litters and to leave breeding to those who can make the personal and financial sacrifices necessary to make informed, responsible breeding decisions. Breed rescue programs have undoubtedly resulted in fewer shelter deaths because they rescue purebred dogs and cats from shelters and provide an option for owners forced to surrender a pet. NAIA applauds those breed-specific organizations that provide temporary homes and care for dogs and cats in need, offer transport to new homes, and help owners through the initial bonding with a new pet. NAIA does not support the so-called rescue groups that justify taking animals from their lawful owners in the name of humane rescue. Such individuals and groups often consider themselves above the law and steal animals from owners whose practices they dislike. NAIA opposes illegal activities and supports due process for pet owners who are targeted by such activities. NAIA also recognizes that some people who conduct private animal welfare programs may become inundated with animals because they lose their perspective. These people take any animal that comes to their door, may have difficulty in placing animals because they find fault with many potential adopters, and may ultimately end up unable to properly care for the animals they have. NAIA believes that such people should be held to the same standards of care that other animal owners must attain, not excused because they are 'rescuing' unwanted pets. At the same time, they should also be treated with compassion, not imprisoned or assessed maximum fines. NAIA supports reasonable laws to protect the public from dangerous dogs and opposes breed-specific legislation in any form. Breed-specific laws target good dogs and responsible animal owners along with the bad. Unfortunately, sensational media coverage and misleading claims of canine super strength and cunning of some breeds of dogs, especially the bull-and-terrier breeds and crossbreeds, have manipulated public opinion. These factors often lead to limits on breeding and owning certain types of dogs despite the fact that many individual dogs fitting the description are beloved family pets or valuable working partners. Restrictions from outright bans to requirements for confinement, insurance, and spay and neuter often follow incidents in which a breed and its crosses are implicated in aggressive incidents or dog fighting or other criminal activity. Such limits cause the death of many well-behaved pets and rob law-abiding pet owners of their rights to choose a breed or mix and responsibly own or maintain a pet or working dog without government interference. NAIA supports nuisance ordinances and dangerous dog laws to protect the community against unruly or dangerous dogs and irresponsible dog owners. NAIA supports sentences for violation of dog confinement and nuisance laws that include mandatory attendance at a basic obedience training class. AKC dog obedience clubs have provided such classes for the general public for decades and, together with private trainers, they represent a well-established community resource for courts dealing with dog-related offenses. - AKC Position Statements - AKC Legislative Alerts - AKC: Canine Legislation - AKC: Homeowners' Insurance and Dogs -
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as Germans,” which was broadcast on September 9, 2020 at 20:15 on 3sat and is now available on the station’s online media library. یکشنبه ۴ تیر ۱۳۹۶ تهران ۰۴:۵۷ نیویورک تایمز از مسدود شدن یک میلیارد و ششصد میلیون دلار از داراییهای ایران در اروپا خبر داد دادگاهی در لوکزامبورگ دستور مسدود شدن یک میلیارد و ششصد میلیون دلار از داراییهای بانک مرکزی ایران را صادر کرد. روزنامه نیویورک تایمز روز دوشنبه نوشت، مبنای این اقدام، حکم یک دادگاه آمریکایی در پنج سال پیش برای توقیف دو میلیارد دلار از داراییهای تهران به اتهام دخالت ایران در حملات سپتامبر ۲۰۰۱ است. شماری از قربانیان حملات تروریستی یازدهم سپتامبر، حدود هفت سال پیش یک قاضی فدرال در ایالت نیویورک را متقاعد کردند که جمهوری اسلامی به گروه القاعده، عامل آن حملات، کمکرسانی کرده است. از جمله این اتهامها صدور مجوز عبور از خاک ایران برای اعضای این گروه اعلام شده است. تهران هنوز واکنشی به این خبر نشان نداده است. Translated into Idonesian languages Your girlfriend lives there, far away, she is waiting for you ... Here for her: Poems in her Indonesian language: Balinese, Javanese, Manado malay and Sasak Translations in the languages of Indonesia! Some of these writings are really wonderful! Real audio voices: acehnese, bangka, banjar, batak, dawanese, indonesian among others! French love poem History of Indonesia A small ancient history of Indonesia: There is a human presence on the island of Java for a very long time, the human fossils discovered in the Pleistocene of Java proofs it. There is also an important development in the Neolithic and then later it will be the pre-eminence of the important Dong Son civilization. Its Hinduism (4th-5th) is attested by the Javanese legend of Aji Saka and the discovery of images of Buddha and inscriptions. The first Hindu monuments are the sivaites sanctuaries of the plateau of Dieng. A real state appears in 732 with King Sanjaya. First divided into small kingdoms, Indonesia sees in the 7th century, the predominance of the Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya (crivijaya), a thalassocracy which, centered in South Sumatra, extends perhaps as far as Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and Cambodia, in any case reigns in Java until the Malay peninsula. In the 9th century, dominates the Sailendra dynasty, which left many monuments in the center of the island (Barabudur). The kings of the eastern part of Java quickly dispute supremacy in Srivijaya, especially King Airlanga (1019-1049). After his death the kingdom of Singasari is formed in eastern Java, whose last ruler, Ketanagara (1268-1292), looks for conquer the south of Sumatra. But by his hostility towards China, he encourages Emperor Mongol Kubilay to send an expedition (1292), which arrives in Indonesia after the death of the sovereign. Finally, the son-in-law of the deceased, Raden Vijaya, drives out the Mongols, founding the maritime empire of Majapahit, which will dominate the archipelago for more than two centuries. If the Mongol invasion has failed, it leaves behind, soldiers or shipwrecked sailors, who will constitute the embryo of the Chinese colonization in the archipelago. If you have contacts for a new translation, write me. Pouemes © Copyright & Contact: National Library of France. به گزارش خبرگزاری اهلبیت(ع) ـ ابنا ـ رئیس کمپانی حمل و نقل دریایی ژاپنی "کوکوکا سانگیو" گفت: دو شیء پرنده در حمله مشکوک روز پنج شنبه در خلیج عمان به نفکتش ژاپنی آسیب رساندند. "یوکاتا کاتادا" امروز جمعه 24 خرداد 1398 در یک نشست خبری اظهار داشت: پس از آنکه خدمه نفتکش "کوکوکا کوریجس" در پی حمله مشکوک روز پنج شنبه تخلیه شدند، نفتکش مذکور به سمت بندر "خورفکان" در امارات میرود و توسط نیروی دریایی آمریکا نیز اسکورت میشود. وی ادامه داد: خدمه به ما گفتند که یک شی پرنده در نزدیکی نفتکش به پرواز در آمد و آنها یک سوراخ را بر روی نفتکش مشاهده کردند، سپس برخی از خدمه شاهد دومین حمله بودند. رئیس این کمپانی حمل و نقل دریایی ژاپنی همچنین گفت: با توجه به اینکه نقطه برخورد بالاتر از سطح آب است، نمیتواند ناشی از مین یا اژدر باشد. این تفتکش حامل 25 هزار تن متانول بود اما در حمله به آن محموله آسیبی نرسید. ............... پایان پیام/ 268 SHIZUOKA, JAPAN — Fishermen off the coast of Japan recently hauled in a rare megamouth shark, marking only the 58th time in history this particular species has been seen by man. News of this catch comes on the heels of another bizarre catch, in which a goblin shark was netted by a shrimper. According to the Japan Daily Press, megamouth sharks get their name because of the head, which is not in proportion to the animal’s body. They have been known to reach a maximum of 17 feet long. They are ‘filter feeders’ — eating large quantities of plankton, krill, and jellyfish. The Marine Science Museum in Shizuoka, Japan dissected the animal for further study, while more than 1,000 people watched. The remains are now on display at a museum. Telehealth involves incorporating care beyond traditional clinics and hospitals, and into two more domains: (1) at home, (2) in the community. Thomas Nesbitt, MD MPH, at the University of California, Davis, spoke at UC Davis’s most recent monthly Health IT seminar covering the future of telehealth. I covered some of the questions concerning telehealth in my earlier post; here, I’ll cover some of the challenges he touched upon during his talk. At home, telehealth can potentially manage chronic diseases better. We are used to seeing health professionals during sporadic one-time episodes. Care management models are migrating towards more frequent patient contact and regular physiologic management. This can make things like managing hypertension more accurate. Some patients might forget to take their meds for awhile, so they “spiff themselves up” beforehand to make it appear as if they were more compliant before a doctor’s visit. Or perhaps they get “white coat hypertension,” becoming more nervous while in the doctor’s office. Telehealth can instead monitor blood pressure on a more frequent basis to have a more accurate picture of a patient’s day-to-day blood pressure. Sensors like this SecuraPatch Sensor can help track heart rate, respiration rate, falls, stress, skin temperature, activity, caloric burn, and even body posture. It’s nearly the size of a Band-Aid but does a whole lot more! Projects from the VA in the mid-2000’s, dedicated medical devices and peripherals for iPhones (and, I hope, Android devices), and even pills with embedded chips (as previously covered by Stephen Colbert in Cheating Death) demonstrate how telehealth can work at home. But we’ll have to tackle issues like: - How much intrusion patients will allow into their lives? - How can we create chronic disease management models in smaller practices — not just big practices like Kaiser? - How can we manage the deluge of data and make it something patients & doctors can use? In the community, telehealth can help physicians to treat patients beyond their local areas. In fact, projects allow specialists to do great consultation work in underserved communities. Otolaryngologists can evaluate middle-ear disease in the Alaska Federal Health Care Access Network with otoscopes operated by high-schoolers. Opthalmology, dermatology, and even psychiatry are evaluating patients in clinics and hospitals where specialists aren’t available. We could even do virtual reality remote physical therapy — something Jay Han, MD, a physiatrist at UC Davis, is already involved in! This saves money by reducing the need for waiting rooms, staff, and exam rooms, all of which essentially duplicate a primary care office. We’re heading towards more portable, cheaper devices that can transmit information over the Internet for specialists, like iPhone-based otoscopes, Lippman bluetooth stethoscope with recording capabilities, Livecor electrocardiogram pads on the iPhone, and even portable ultrasound devices. Issues that need to be addressed include: - What kind of providers can assist at these remote sites? Pharmacists? High schoolers? - How sustainable are these new technologies? Will they work together? - How can they be incorporated into the Accountable Care Organization (ACO) model and the Primary Care Medical Home (PCMH) models? Dr. Nesbitt’s talk really excited me about where healthcare is heading. These new technologies should help break down time-consuming communication barriers (e.g. fax machines, telephones) and make healthcare more accessible, affordable, and exciting for individual folks. Pilota veloce e poliedrico, ha corso e vinto dappertutto. Dalla Formula 1 alla Indy, fino alle vetture a ruote coperte, comprese la Can-Am e la Nascar, il suo palmares è decisamente ricco. Successi che comprendono anche la 24 Ore di Le Mans, conquistata nel 1967 al volante della Ford GT40 in coppia con A.J Foyt. Tuttavia, Gurney è altrettanto celebre per il suo ruolo di costruttore e fondatore della All American Racers, scuderia che nella sua emanazione europea, denominata Anglo American Racers, permise al pilota statunitense di salire sul primo gradino del podio nella massima formula al volante della monoposto del proprio team, la Eagle. Successe sempre nel 1967, anno che può essere definito come ‘l’olimpo dorato’ nella carriera di Gurney. Tanto che una mostra su questa fortunata stagione, caratterizzata dalla presenza di cimeli e vetture, era stata inaugurata a Los Angeles nel 2017. Classe 1931, nato a Port Jefferson nello stato di New York e figlio di un cantante del Metropolitan Opera, Gurney può essere definito a pieno titolo uno dei simboli della ‘golden age’ delle corse automobilistiche. Vincitore di quattro gran premi in Formula 1 fra il 1959 e il 1970 e autore di tre pole position, fu l’unico pilota costruttore, insieme a Bruce McLaren e Jack Brabham ad ottenere il successo alla guida di una vettura di sua proprietà. Ciò accadde appunto a Spa-Francorchamps nel 1967, quando l’americano trionfò al volante della Eagle-Weslake T1G siglando anche il giro più veloce in gara. Fu l’unico sigillo da costruttore nel Circus, mentre gli altri arrivarono nel 1962, con la Porsche a Reims (il primo della casa tedesca), e nel ’64 con la Brabham, anno in cui salì sul gradino più alto in due occasioni tra Francia e Messico. A Gurney è legata anche l’invenzione di un componente che equipaggia ancora oggi le monoposto di Formula 1, il celebre ‘gurney flap’ che viene applicato sui diffusori posteriori. Un vera icona alla quale è mancata purtroppo la vittoria alla 500 Miglia di Indianapolis, dove giunse due volte secondo e una terzo. Successivamente al ritiro dalle competizioni di Formula 1, avvenuto nel 1970, Gurney si mise a gestire la propria scuderia che continuò a gareggiare negli States. Il team ottenne il successo in 78 gare, comprese la già citata Indy 500, la 24 Ore di Daytona e la 12 Ore di Sebring. Sigilli che vengono impreziositi da ben 83 pole position, otto campionati piloti e anche tre vittorie in qualità di fornitore di telai nella celebre competizione che si disputa ogni anno sul mitico catino dell’Indiana. Un bottino degno di un grande costruttore e di un uomo che da pilota era temuto perfino dai grandissimi campioni, compreso Jim Clark. Un re senza come Stirling Moss perché, al pari del collega britannico, non si fregiò mai del titolo iridato in Formula 1 a dispetto di un talento sopra la media. Talmente rispettato che al funerale dello stesso Clark, scomparso tragicamente a Hockenheim nel 1968 in una gara di F2, il padre dell’asso scozzese si avvicinò a Gurney e gli sussurrò: “Jimmy mi ha sempre detto che eri l’unico pilota che temeva davvero in una macchina da corsa”. Tra i suoi record, oltre a quello di aver indossato per primo il casco integrale in Formula 1, un Bell ‘Star Helmet’ al GP d’Olanda del 1968, c’è anche quello di essere stato l’ideatore della moderna cerimonia del podio per tutte le competizioni degli sport a motore. In sostanza, se oggi i piloti di ogni categoria si spruzzano lo champagne per festeggiare, l’invenzione della celebre doccia la si deve proprio a Gurney che la inaugurò in occasione del successo alla 24 Ore di Le Mans del 1967. |涉嫌绑架美士兵的伊斯兰组织否认与此事有关联| |http://www.sina.com.cn 2004年07月05日08:37 中国新闻网| 中新网7月5日电伊斯兰组织“伊斯兰教规保护军”否认它与伊拉克被绑架美军士兵阿里·哈桑被斩首事件有关联。与此同时,美国仍在对上述报道进行查证。 上周六(3日),有两个激进组织都在的网页上都发表了有关阿里·哈桑已经被斩首的声明。不过“伊斯兰教规保护军”4日在它自己的网页上否认对上述声明负责。 来自美国犹他州的哈桑下士是一名24岁的黎巴嫩裔穆斯林。人们最后一次见到他是在两周之前。 美军曾表示,哈桑在伊拉克很不开心。但他们刚刚听到哈桑失踪的消息时,以为他是在试图逃回黎巴嫩。叛兵们则声称哈桑正在和一名阿拉伯妇女谈恋爱,他们实际上把他从美军基地诱拐了出去。 早些时候,黎巴嫩外交部发表声明说,该国在巴格达的外交使团“证实”了美国海军陆战队士兵哈桑的死亡,但没有披露死亡的时间和地点。 不过,美国官员仍在查证有关消息是否真实。一名在巴格达的美军官员说,还未能证明哈桑下士已经被杀的消息,当局继续跟进和查证有关证据及消息。 相关专题:伊拉克武装组织绑架美军人质 ÖNEMLİ: Bu makale, bir kişi tarafından çevrilmek yerine, Microsoft makine-çevirisi yazılımı ile çevrilmiştir. Microsoft size hem kişiler tarafından çevrilmiş, hem de makine-çevrisi ile çevrilmiş makaleler sunar. Böylelikle, bilgi bankamızdaki tüm makalelere, kendi dilinizde ulaşmış olursunuz. Bununla birlikte, makine tarafından çevrilmiş makaleler mükemmel değildir. Bir yabancının sizin dilinizde konuşurken yapabileceği hatalar gibi, makale; kelime dağarcığı, söz dizim kuralları veya dil bilgisi açısından yanlışlar içerebilir. Microsoft, içeriğin yanlış çevrimi veya onun müşteri tarafından kullanımından doğan; kusur, hata veya zarardan sorumlu değildir. Microsoft ayrıca makine çevirisi yazılımını sıkça güncellemektedir. Fare işaretçisini görev çubuğu simgeleri Microsoft Windows XP tabanlı bir bilgisayara taşıdığınızda, bazı ipuçlarını görev gizlenir. Neden Sağ tıklatın ve sonra Başlat menüsündeki bir alt menüden bir dosyayı açmak için bu sorun oluşabilir. Örneğin, Başlat ' ı tıklatın, Bilgisayarım veya Kullandığım Belgeler ' ın üzerine gelin, bir belgeyi sağ tıklatın ve sonra Aç ' ı tıklatın, bu sorun oluşabilir. Çözüm Bu sorunu gidermek için aşağıdaki yöntemlerden birini kullanın: Oturumu kapatın ve sonra geri geçerli hesaba oturum açın. Bilgisayarınızı yeniden başlatın
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th of a kilometer (0.124 mi) uphill. Spending that kind of time on another planet, and traveling that kind of distance, can certainly lead to its share of wear of tear on a vehicle. That was the conclusion when the Curiosity science team conducted a routine check of the rover’s wheels on Sunday, March 19th, 2017. After examining images taken by the Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI), they noticed two small breaks in the raised treads on the rover’s left middle wheel. These breaks appeared to have happened since late January, when the last routine check of the wheels took place. To get around, the Curiosity rover relies on six solid aluminum wheels that are 40 cm (16 in) wide. The skin of the wheels is thinner than a US dime, but each contains 19 zigzag-shaped treads that are about 0.75 cm (three-quarters of an inch) thick. These “grousers”, as they are called, bear most of the rover’s weight and provide most of the wheel’s traction. Ever since the rover was forced to cross a stretch of terrain that was studded with sharp rocks in 2013, the Curiosity team has made regular checks on the rover’s wheels using the MAHLI camera. At the time, the rover was moving from the Bradbury Landing site (where it landed in 2012) to the base of Mount Sharp, and traversing this terrain caused holes and dents in the wheels to grow significantly. However, members of Curiosity’s science team emphasized that this is nothing to be worried about, as it will not affect the rover’s performance or lifespan. As Jim Erickson, the Curiosity Project Manager at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, said in a recent NASA press statement: “All six wheels have more than enough working lifespan remaining to get the vehicle to all destinations planned for the mission. While not unexpected, this damage is the first sign that the left middle wheel is nearing a wheel-wear milestone.” In addition to regular monitoring, a wheel-longevity testing program was started on Earth in 2013 using identical aluminum wheels. These tests showed that once a wheel got to the point where three of its grousers were broken, it had passed about 60% of its lifespan. However, Curiosity has already driven more than 60% of the total distance needed for it to make it to all of its scientific destinations. Curiosity’s Project Scientist – Ashwin Vasavada, also at JPL – was similarly stoic in his appraisal of this latest wheel check: “This is an expected part of the life cycle of the wheels and at this point does not change our current science plans or diminish our chances of studying key transitions in mineralogy higher on Mount Sharp.” At present, Curiosity is examining sand dunes in the geographical region known as the Murray Buttes formation, which is located on the slope of Mount Sharp. Once finished, it will proceed up higher to a feature known as “Vera Rubin Ridge”, inspecting a layer that is rich in the mineral hematite. From there, it will proceeded to even higher elevations to inspect layers that contain clays and sulfates. Getting to the farthest destination (the sulfate unit) will require another 6 km (3.7 mi) of uphill driving. However, this is a short distance compared to the kind of driving the rover has already performed. Moreover, the science team has spent the past four years implementing various methods designed to avoid embedded rocks and other potentially hazardous terrain features. It is expected that this drive up Mount Sharp will yield some impressive scientific finds. During its first year on Mars, Curiosity succeeded in gathering evidence in the Gale Crater that showed how Mars once had conditions favorable to life. This included ample evidence of liquid water, all the chemical elements needed for life, and even a chemical source of energy. By scaling Mount Sharp and examining the layers that were deposited over the course of billions of years, Curiosity is able to examine a living geological record of how the planet has evolved since then. Luckily, the rover’s wheels seem to have more than enough life to make these and (most likely) other scientific finds. Further Reading: NASA – Mars Exploration A new study by a team of NASA scientists indicates that Venus could have been habitable for billions of years... It seems that comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko is not the stoic, unchanging Solar System traveller that it might seem to be. Scientists... JAXA recently released photos of their Hayabusa2 mission deploying target markers to the surface of the asteroid Ryugu. Radar evidence shows that geysers on Enceladus are ejecting water that turns to snow. The snow not only falls back... Elon Musk just released new images that showcase the progress being made on the Starship prototypes About 466 million years ago, there was an asteroid collision in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The collision... Boeing has patented a "fire-retarding artillery shell," in what could be, at the very least, a unique innovation in aerial firefighting. Currently, aerial firefighting makes use of helicopters and airplanes to transport firefighters and smokejumpers, provide reconnaissance on new fires, and to drop fire retardant. But as Boeing notes in its patent, which was filed in 2014 and only made public last month: In order to establish an aircraft-delivered firebreak for a relatively small 28-acre fire, it would take approximately 7.6 hours to deliver a required 6,469 gallons of fire-retarding material. During the 7.6 hour time period, the relatively small 28 acre fire has the potential to grow and burn an estimated 100 acres of land. If there's one technology that has been developed with a focus on speedy delivery, it's artillery. What we'd consider a modern exploding artillery shell was first developed in 1850 and has only increased in speed and efficiency ever since. A single artillery gun outfitted with fire-retardant shells might not be able to match the delivery size of a plane drop, but adding guns could speed up the firefighting effort faster than adding planes. Or the two could work in tandem: a large drop could be made initially, with fire-retardant shells coming in afterwards to smooth out all the missed edges. Better yet, it doesn't look like these firefighting shells would require a whole new delivery system. If Boeing is creating shells that could fit into current artillery guns, you can almost imagine some older models being put to work as firefighting tools. Artillery guns are already used to trigger avalanches on occasion. And as an added bonus, incoming shells should have no problem dealing with any pesky drones that might be at the scene. Salivary gland cancer & thyroid cancer are often grouped together as head & neck cancers. However, both cancers are different and affect different areas of the body. Salivary gland cancer is a rare cancer accounted for 0.5% of the reported cancers in Malaysia between years 2007-2011 (National Cancer Registry). Salivary glands help break down food with enzymes produced in the saliva. It also helps to prevent mouth and throat infections. There are a cluster of salivary glands located in the mouth and the throat. Most commonly referred to are these 3 major types of salivary glands, - Parotid glands are the largest salivary glands and are located at both sides of the face. In most cases, tumours found in these glands are benign. - Submandibular glands are located under the jawbone. - Sublingual glands are found underneath the tongue. Tumours found here are often malignant (cancerous). Thyroid cancers begin in the thyroid gland located in the front of the neck. This cancer occurs more commonly amongst women and in Malaysia, females are approximately 68% more likely to get thyroid cancer than males (National Cancer Registry). Thyroid gland produces hormones in the body that regulates a person’s metabolism. The most common types of thyroid cancer is papillary thyroid cancer and follicular thyroid cancer. Both types develops in the follicular cells of the thyroid gland and grows slowly. However, papillary thyroid cancer often spreads to the lymph nodes, while follicular thyroid cancer rarely spreads to the lymph nodes. In some case, salivary gland cancer patients do not experience any signs and symptoms but when they do, below are the following telltale signs of salivary gland cancer, - Pain or swelling in the face, chin, jawbone area or neck - A lump on the face, mouth or neck that is usually painless - Numbness on the face - Progressive facial muscle paralysis where the same area slowly swells up For people with thyroid cancer, it is common to have few or no symptoms at all until it is unintentionally found during routine health checkups through x-ray imaging scans. However, the following are common symptoms presented in thyroid cancer patients, - Swollen glands in the neck - A lump in the front of the neck near the Adam’s apple - Pain in the throat or neck - Hoarseness of the voice - Difficulty swallowing and/or breathing Staging of cancer is to describe the location of the cancer, where the cancer might have spread to and whether it is affecting other parts of the body. Below is a table that describes each stage. When detected early, salivary gland can often be cured. During the treatment planning process, the oncologist will have to consider the treatment impact on the patient’s quality of life, preferences and overall health. Surgery is the first recommended treatment option to completely remove the tumour. For salivary gland cancer, surgery to remove the parotid gland is an option, it is call parotidectomy. This type of surgery may include resecting the facial nerves if the cancer had spread there, if so a nerve graft will be necessary. If the cancer had spread to the lymph nodes, a neck dissection will be performed to remove the tumour entirely. Occasionally, but rarely, the tumour can be removed endoscopically which is less destructive to the healthy tissues. This option is used when the tumour begins in the paranasal are around the nose. Other treatment options are radiation therapy & chemotherapy. Surgery option for thyroid cancer is to consider removing the affected lobe. This surgery is call lobectomy. Depending on the advancement of the disease, a near-total thyroidectomy will be considered if the cancer had spread. This surgery type removes almost all but a small part of the thyroid gland. A total thyroidectomy is an option where the entire thyroid gland is removed. After the surgery, patients are required to undergo hormone treatment to replace the hormones the body needs. Radiation and chemotherapy are the next treatment option. What causes salivary gland cancer is still unknown. Demographics and data shows that in most cases, people who are above 60 are at higher risk of having salivary gland cancer. Environmental or occupational expose to chemicals, pesticides and/or radiation could also result in developing salivary cancer. As for thyroid cancer, gender, age, race and genetics are a risk factor. Diet low in iodine can also hamper the normal function of thyroid. Radiation exposure can put one at risk for developing cancer thyroid as well. Grace Brannen never thought she’d be student teaching from a pingpong table in her family’s basement, positioning herself against a wall so no one would walk behind her with a basket of laundry. She didn’t expect show-and-tell might include a student showing the inside of his fridge, or his mom sleeping after working all night. Young students had to be taught that if you whisper on Zoom, others can hear you. The special education major taught K-8 remotely at Clara Barton Elementary in Chicago. Before school began, she traveled with other teachers to students’ homes to help set up Wi-Fi. While still working at 11 p.m., one student asked them if they were going to sleep there, and asked if she wanted to play the video game Fortnite. This is the new world for student teachers, where they see into students’ lives, meeting families and pets, including bearded dragons. “I love my kids,” Brannen said. “They are so sweet. I’m happy every morning. I roll out of bed, go to the basement, log in, and start teaching. They motivate me.” The majority of her 12 students have autism. Even muting and unmuting the computer, without a parent nearby to help, has to be taught. Because it’s more difficult to tell if a student is understanding a lesson, she takes things slower. Students have a hard time sitting online all day and have sensory needs, so she gives them “slime breaks,” time to work with the stretchy goo to de-stress. Dr. Christy Borders is director of the Cecilia J. Lauby Teacher Education Center. Last summer she was closely following school districts as they struggled with what back to school was going to look like. It was critical that seniors get their student teaching in. And they did, teaching face-to-face, hybrid, and remote. “We had to figure out how do we not have this be a stopping point for our teachers,” she said. “It’s amazing; they’re all having different experiences but they’re learning from each other. It’s not that we didn’t know educational technology was important, but now it is a priority. There isn’t a program on campus that isn’t making sure that students are prepared for fully online instruction. We didn’t even know to ask that question this time last year. COVID is a horrible thing, but it really lit a fire under the ways we needed to change and we needed to change overnight.” Brad Smith ’10 is working on his master’s in neuroscience and physiology, with plans to teach high school. He co-teaches biology at Normal Community High School with as many as 30 students in remote and hybrid classes. “It’s a lot different but that doesn’t mean it’s a bad thing,” he said. “All of the teachers, even those nearing the end of their career, have really stepped up their technology game. It’s impressive.” It’s challenging to teach when you can’t read a student’s body language, he said, noting most of his students don’t have their cameras on during class. “That’s such a huge driving force behind how a lesson goes. You look out and if you see blank stares, you know you have to revisit something.” Instead, he relies on students who speak up or type in the chat function. He also mixes up his teaching methods, from pre-recorded micro lectures to interactive games. “If you use only one method, you’re not reaching all of them. This semester I’ve used the textbook maybe once or twice. It’s incredibly important they’re seeing science around them and understand science doesn’t just take place in the classroom.” And he approached the semester with what’s most important during a once-in-a-generation pandemic. “My thought going into this semester was to reduce their anxiety, make them feel accepted, have a little fun, and then teach them something. It’s really about making students feel safe and cared for.” Some students aren’t comfortable in an online environment and don’t want peers to see into their home lives. That’s why Smith provided a lot of flexibility with recorded lessons. Borders said knowing a little more about a student’s home life is a throwback to a time when teachers made home visits. “They’re getting to know students in a way teachers haven’t had access to in a really long time. They’re learning more of the social/emotional side. It’s going to make for better teachers because
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interestingly found scientific explanations for each. This is what they found: The water of the Nile turned to “blood”. It was undrinkable. One theory is the red clay could have been washed into the river and tributaries, or “Red Tide”, an algae bloom of Oscillatoria rubescens, for example, turned the water red. Moreover the algae can release toxins that kill nearby fish. Once the water is unlivable...... Frogs swarmed into the towns and homes. One theory suggests that since frogs like to live near the water, the toxicity and smell caused them to move from the waterways to the towns. The quantity of frogs still needs an explanation but how many of us see one spider in our house and claim the whole residence is “infested”...... Infestations occurred as the next plague and could be explained by the above two. The frogs eat insects and keep the populations in control when they hang out by the marshes and rivers. The drought and unlivable water conditions cause the frogs to leave and eventually die, so insects go unchecked. Swarms of flies encompassed the fourth plague. Scientists explain this from the lack of competing insects and frogs not around to eat them. They, in turn, fed on the dead frogs. One would think the Pharaoh would have given in by now but he didn’t. The fifth plague caused death of Egyptian livestock. Insects carry disease and swarms of them could have caused the livestock to become diseased. Moreover, water sources were becoming scarce as well. Egyptians became infected with boils on their skin. Insects carry disease, lack of clean water and food could make one susceptible and pathogens can enter into societies and cause epidemics. One theory suggested a smallpox outbreak occurred. Researchers found small pox scars on recovered mummies and postulated that 3000 years ago an epidemic could have occurred. The plague of hail and fire must have been a scary one. Many have postulated that hail and fire raining from the sky could have occurred from a nearby volcano. If that’s the case why not make “volcano” the plague. But interestingly, 3500 years ago the Santorini volcano north of Crete in the Aegean Sea, erupted. And for those of us who saw Dante’s Peak, there was ash falling everywhere. Locusts swarmed the landscape. If a volcano was nearby, I’d head south too. The ninth plague was darkness. Without light, temperatures drop, work can’t be done, crops won’t grow. Scientists suggest this could have occurred from an eclipse, dust storm, or the plume of smoke from the volcano. The tenth and final plague was the death of every Egyptian first-born. Scientists have some difficulty explaining this one except for many first born were out the fields helping the adults when the pestilence, boils, etc. ensued. Another theory suggests the grain stores became contaminated and the first born might have had first pick of the grain, becoming sick first. The Bible is rich with history and lessons and such a work needs no explaining. But there are those who like to mesh science with the Bible. So for all of us celebrating our ancestor’s exodus and freedom from slavery, Happy Passover. Everyone fractionally clones themselves into a new body every night in stage 4 sleep, when stem cells wake and rebuild all organs and tissues. They need the 300 plus building blocks and six plus hormones to accomplish this process. Thus, everyone past seven years old is a fractional copy of themselves, based on their informational template in genetics and epigenetics. Everyone is a seven year old! During sleep, the brain sends signals to the stem cells to rebuild every organ and tissue of the body at night. These signals are transmitted through the telomeres on the end of chromosomes to the ion channels that turn on the induction of messenger RNA. If all of the 300 biomolecules and 6+ hormones are present, the body can regenerate itself and fractionally clone into a new body every seven years every seven years, every seven years. Deliver performs and supplies some of the biomolecules such as retinol for the eye to be able to see and perform vision, but most of biomolecules are not present and therefore the process of photocopying or copping the body into a new cell and tissue structure is deficient and results in the process we call aging. Life is a dance between biophotons from the telomere at the end of your chromosomes and ion channels that let into the nucleoplasm holding DNA and allowing minerals and amino acids to stimulate production of mRNA to make structural proteins and enzymes. Epigenetic origami makes all tissues, organs and individual persons. 7% of our DNA codes for 32,500 proteins which are structural or enzymatic. Enzymes are folded proteins around a model atomic mineral to make or break bonds. The other 93% of DNA was considered harmonic or resident DNA and previously was referred to as junk DNA. This form of DNA is the structural diagram of how to build organs and tissues and may be considered epigenetic origami hierarchical DNA. As a result of this process all living things depend on the present production of structural proteins and enzymes and the nonlinear stochastic fuzzy logic parallel processing information transfer across ion channels membranes in real time in picoseconds to regulate the size and structure of organs in real time. We can optimize the fractional cloning process by providing substance and signal to optimize the dance of LIFE. NutriMed formulas and Red Deer Velvet DR, pat pending, can provide these building blocks, minerals and amino acids. Lumen Inlight and eGFT epiGenetic Frequency Therapy can provide the biophoton stimulus to permit entry via ion channels and DNA induction of messenger RNA, mRNA, to make the template for enzymes and structural proteins. Linus Pauling, father of DNA and Stereochemistry, completed a lifetime of research showing plasma mineral resonance can induce healthy adaptation and genetic induction to provide healing proteins and enzymes for organs and tissues. Dr Bill Deagle now can provide these customized formulas based on Quantum Information Body QRMA and Metapathia scans, lab kits and imaging, and functional history review. EpiGenetic signals can open ion channels and stimulate cellular communication and augment the information hologram of a healthy organ and body, regenerating you into a new better copy of your DNA and epiGenetic template of you! Take advantage of a consult, testing, and customized regenerative services to be the best you can be tomorrow and many years to come! Future weekly articles, will be presented here to A4 M to instill a new broader picture of what the dance of life is as a dance between bio photons and ion channels controlling the informational holographic body that produces the process we call life. His hope of these articles will inspire new science look in the informational body that is pressing into and in control of the enzymatic and structural body. My research has shown that harmonic frequencies and picomoles microamps and mappable the body and are deterministic of whether specific organs and tissues can receive in metastasis or allowed autoimmune disease or process to occur. There is often decide anomia associated with a resident changes in the thermographic evaluation at the skin and therefore the informational body is more important than has been previously identified and quantum testing of different frequency patterns of the body can determine whether disease or wellness is permitted by the specific resident frequencies. Beloved physicist Stephen Hawking passed away early Wednesday morning. He was 76 years old. Hawking long suffered from ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), aka, “Lou Gehrig's disease.” He was diagnosed in his early twenties and doctors gave him 3 years to live. The neurological disease affects the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movement. And the disease is progressive, meaning the symptoms get worse as time passes. There is no cure and it is known to ravage bodies quickly. So when doctors told Dr. Hawking that he had 3 years to live, that was a pretty fair estimate. Instead, Dr. Hawking lived with ALS for 55 years even though it reduced his muscle control such that he could only blink his eyes and twitch a finger. He retained his mental faculties and became a giant in his field. How did Stephen Hawking live so long with ALS? According to King’s College clinical neurology professor Nigel Leigh, it was probably because D. Hawking was diagnosed so young. In the British Medical Journal Leigh states, “We have found that the survival in younger patients is strikingly better and is measured in many years - in some cases more than 10.” From my limited understanding of the medical research behind ALS it sounds as if most of those with ALS become symptomatic in their 40’s or later, and then don’t live long. The younger you become symptomatic the longer you can survive. That being said, living 55 years with ALS seems like something of a miracle. Hey, wasn’t that ice bucket challenge thing all about ALS? It was! I’m glad you remember. I’m sure many of you recall the ice bucket challenge (IBC) from 2014. A challenge where you pour an icy bucket of water over your head OR you donate money to ALS research OR you do both. It quickly went viral with celebrities piling up to perform their version of the IBC. Patrick Stewart’s was my favorite. The viral challenge was deemed a colossal success and raised $115 million for ALS research. Here is the video of Stephen Hawking and his family participating in the IBC. Much has been written about Professor Hawking, movies have been made, documentaries have been produced, he’s authored best selling books, he’s been published in many, many science journals and magazines. I will leave it up to you to find them. ALS ravaged Dr. Hawking’s body but thankfully left his mind intact. And what a great mind it was. Dr. Hawking, I will always remember you, as yourself, on Star Trek: TNG. Rest in peace. A few words from his friends and colleges from their twitter accounts: Dr. Bill Nye (Science Guy): “While here on Earth, Dr. Hawking made pondering the cosmos and our place within it commonplace. The extraordinary became everyday. Although his time was brief, his work changed the world.” Dr. Neil Degrasse Tyson: “His passing has left an intellectual vacuum in his wake. But it's not empty. Think of it as a kind of vacuum energy permeating the fabric of spacetime that defies measure. Stephen Hawking, RIP 1942-2018.” Matt Selman, Executive Producer The Simpsons: “Farewell to Stephen Hawking, the most intelligent guest star in the brief history of The Simpsons.” Official Big Bang Theory account: “In loving memory of Stephen Hawking. It was an honor to have him on The #BigBangTheory. Thank you for inspiring us and the world.” GCN proudly welcomes Michio Kaku’s long running radio program Science Fantastic to our weekly line up! Professor Kaku probably needs little introduction but introduce him I must. And so, from Wikipedia: Professor Kaku is a Japanese American theoretical physicist, futurist, and popularizer of science. He is professor of theoretical physics at the City College of New York and CUNY Graduate Center. Kaku has written several books about physics and related topics, has made frequent appearances on radio, television, and film, and writes online blogs and articles. He has written three New York Times best sellers, hosted several TV specials for networks around the world and since 2006 has broadcast his radio program Science Fantastic -- previously syndicated by Talk Radio Network and now, beginning at midnight on Saturday December 30th will be nationally syndicated by the Genesis Communication Network - that would be us. =) The Science Fantastic show page will be up on the GCNlive site ASAP with more program and affiliate information to follow. We’re very excited to have Professor Kaku join the team and we hope you’ll tune in to -- Science Fantastic! Greetings interstellar traveller / hyperbolic asteroid 1I/2017 U1, welcome to our solar system! Technically you’ve been here for quite a while just passing through, drifting about, minding your own asteroid business but we’ve only just found you! You have no way of knowing this but, you’ve been named -- ‘Oumuamua from the Hawaiian word meaning “scout” and generally translates as “scout from the past.” You have a very lovely name. Also, for clarification, that first character in your name is a Hawaiian ‘okina, not an apostrophe. Our Earth scientists have long suspected that tens of thousands of space rocks, such as yourself, have visited our fine solar system but until recently we were unable to detect you all. That all changed, of course, when very smart folks at Haleakala Observatory (in Hawaii) brought the first Pan-STARRS telescope (PS1) online. ‘Oumuamua -- just to be clear, this PS1 is totally different than what you probably believe a traditional PS1 to be (currently upgraded to a PS4). The PS4 stands for “PlayStation” 4 and is a kick ass console blu ray / game player. The PS4 according to wikipedia: The PS1, the one we used to find you, stands for “Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System” (Pan-STARRS). The PS1 according to wikipedia: “... consists of astronomical cameras, telescopes and a computing facility that is surveying the sky for moving or variable objects on a continual basis, and also producing accurate astrometry and photometry of already detected objects.” As you can see, ‘Oumuamua, not quite the same thing. Anyway. We don’t know exactly where you came from as that would be extremely difficult to figure out, but for now, our best guess is star Vega, about twenty five light years away. That being said, we are certain you are indeed from another solar system as, according to this astrophysical survey your orbit would be virtually impossible to achieve within our solar system. Our solar system that we have cleverly named, “Solar System” -- because that’s how we roll. You; however, roll quite a bit different. You are red (the color of organic carbon-based molecules), extremely elongated (thirteen hundred feet which is ten times long as you are wide -- you look like a giant space cigar) and you travel at approx.85,000 mph. For comparison, ‘Oumuamua, I once lived in NYC and dated a woman in Washington DC. It order to visit her on weekends, it would take me about 3.7 hours to drive the distance between us. It would take you .0026 seconds to make the same trip! Well, it looks like you’re just kind of passing through, so I was just sayin hi. It appears as if you’ll lap Jupiter sometime around May, then pass Saturn in January 2019 and eventually exit stage left en route to the Pegasus constellation sometime after that. By all accounts it appears as if you’re just a really long mineral rock asteroid and you don’t carry any sort of super cool alien species. You know, cool little guys like that adorable Invader Zim or those E.T. phone home cuties. And I certainly hope you are not rudely carrying those evil little alien pricks from Alien and Aliens and all those not worth mentioning by name subpar sequels. Actually, with that in mind, ‘Oumuamua, just in case you ever watch James Cameron’s Aliens, when characters refer to the alien species as a “xenomorph” they are not suggesting “xenomorph” is the name of the alien species on LV-426. They are using the word from the Greek construct - xeno, meaning “foreign” or “strange” and morph, meaning “a shape or form” which means in the context of the film the characters are suggesting the aliens in the movie are “strange foreign forms” -- an alien life form. Again -- xenomorph is a generic term for an alien life
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آنژین صدری ناپایدار باشد چون احتمال تبدیل این حملات به سکته قلبی است، باید بیمار در بخش CCU بستری شده و از داروهایی که جلوی تشکیل لخته را در رگهای کرونر می دهد ( مثل هپارین ) استفاده نمود. How Lifestyle Choices May Affect ALS Risk Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is almost uniformly fatal and is only increasing in incidence. While no one has as yet been able to pinpoint what may cause this disease, a new report published in the journal, JAMA Neurology offers up some important clues. The study evaluated blood samples from 156 individuals with confirmed ALS and compared them to blood samples from 128 similarly aged controls. Blood concentrations of 122 environmental pollutants were studied, including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and brominated flame retardants (BFRs), using highly sophisticated techniques including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. To be sure, these chemicals are directly toxic to the nervous system and are highly persistent in the environment, as well as in the human body Further, beyond the blood analysis, the researchers also collected data about risk for environmental exposure based on factors such as occupation and known exposure in the past. The results of the study were telling. The researchers found that the study participants who reported a history of pesticide exposure showed a strong correlation to ALS risk by an incredible 5-fold. In addition, a dramatic relationship was seen in those with higher levels of various toxins in their blood. The authors concluded: Our findings identify classes of pollutants that increase the likelihood of ALS and therefore are modifiable disease risk factors. While the chemical names of the various toxins are compelling, it’s really important to recognize that many of these chemicals continue to be widely used. So we need to do everything we possibly can to look at our lifestyle and occupational choices through the lens of risk management. For example, I often write about the fundamental importance of choosing organic foods, and the relationship between these toxins and ALS only strengthens my plea. 台灣人固然愛喝珍珠奶茶, 香港也大受感染. 台灣有50 嵐, 清心, 天仁, 春水堂, 香港則有貢茶, 日出茶太, 輕鬆飲, 仿傚得似模似樣. 很多人(甚至是台灣人) 都以為珍珠奶茶的英文正名為Bubble Tea, 但Bubble tea 其實是珍珠奶茶前身泡沫紅茶的英譯, 真正的名稱為Tapioca tea, Tapioca 意思為豆粉(太白粉), 因為"珍珠"是由木薯粉製成. 至於起源, 有說是台中的春水堂, 也有說是台南的翰林館, 誰真誰假卻不可考證. 本人也有理由相信二店同時巧合發明, 跟Leibniz 和牛頓發明微分學情況類似, 有何不可. 而太白粉(豆粉)即煮食用的生粉, 例如炸班塊, 咕嚕肉等皆上乾豆粉炸. 而豆粉亦可作拉油前的醃料, 用以令食物鬆化. (咕嚕肉的名稱來源也有兩個說法: 一為因其味美而令人不止吞嚥的聲音, 二為因其歷史久遠古老而演變. ) 不過一般家庭煮婦把生粉認為是鷹粟粉, 其實鷹粟粉和豆粉同樣可以推芡, 不過只有後者才能醃炸, 請小心辨析. The Effects Of Too Much Sugar On Your Skin It may not seem obvious how a high sugar intake can affect skin health, so if you enjoy sugary foods or processed foods, you may like to know just what is happening below the surface of your skin. Sugars like Glucose and Fructose bind with Collagen in a process called Glycation, preventing your skin structure from performing optimally. Glycation also produces free radicals which speed up the aging process! Research has also shown that high blood sugar leads to impaired skin barrier function. Insulin spikes caused by eating too much sugar are stressful to the body, causing more collagen and elastin to break down. Blood sugar spikes can also affect hormone production and lead to higher sebum production. So if you want to help your body's natural collagen and elastin production, reducing an excessive sugar intake can go a long way in boosting your skin health. What Are The Signs Of ‘Sugar Face’? - Due to collagen degradation skin will start to look thinner. Fine lines will also become more prominent. Visible signs of premature aging and sagging skin are more likely. - Skin will start to look more dehydrated as your skin barrier is impaired - Skin is more inflamed and reactive, this can make the under-eye area appear darker than normal. - Higher sebum production means oilier skin which could lead to congestion and acne flare-ups. In addition, the skin is not healing as quickly and its barrier is not as strong, leading to more blemishes which can take longer to heal. - Decreased skin repair mechanisms mean that skin is not regenerating as quickly and can appear duller. How To Tackle The Effect Of Sugar On Your Skin Reduce Sugar Intake Try to limit sugar consumption and avoid foods with added sugars as much as possible. Sweet treats are an obvious place to start but there are refined sugars in many everyday foods; baked goods, fruit juice, and fast food all contain more sugar than you might expect. High glycemic foods, ie those that raise blood sugar rapidly are the ones you most want to avoid if you think you may consume sugar in excessive amounts. One of the biggest culprits in the modern diet is high fructose corn syrup which is in many packaged foods and sugary drinks, along with any kind of processed sugar products. It's not just refined sugars and added sugar to look out for but also hidden sugars (e.g. corn syrup), natural sugars (dates, honey), and sweet fruits such as mangoes and grapes. Replace sugar with at least 70% dark chocolate. It’s high in polyphenols that actually work to protect the skin. Eat More Healthy Skin Foods Eat more leafy green vegetables like kale and spinach and other veg like broccoli and seaweed for anti-inflammatory antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. This 'crowding out' approach, (eating more of the right foods), can also be an effective way to help you reduce your sugar intake - by swapping your sweet treats for healthy snacks, you'll naturally be eating less sugar. The Right Drinks For Better Skin Drink plenty of water and green tea - two drinks renowned for working wonders on your skin's appearance. Try to avoid alcohol as it can dehydrate the skin further, something that's especially important if you suffer from dry skin conditions. Bleaching is the most important part of wet processing. Bleaching is done for removing natural color of the textile materials. During pre treatment of the textile materials different parameter is maintained strictly. Bleaching is done by different types of bleaching agents. Bleaching agents are applied on different types of fiber. Textile fiber may be natural or synthetic. Depending on fiber types bleaching agents also differ. Bleaching agents mainly classified as the follows: - Oxidizing Agents - Ozone (O3) - Bleaching Powder - Hydrogen Per Oxide (H2O2) - Sodium Hypochloride (NaOcl) - Sodium Chlorite (NaclO2) - Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7) - Potassium Permanganate (KmnO4) - Per Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) - Sodium Per Oxide (Na2O2) It is mentioned that; Above no. 1 and 2 agent uses for home purpose. Above no.3, 4 and 5 agent uses for industrial purpose. Above no. 6, 7, 8 and 9 agent uses for washing purpose. - Reducing Agent - Ferrose Sulphate (FeSO4) - Zinc Dust (ZnO) - Stannous Chloride (SnCl2) - Sulpher Dioxide (SO2) - Sodium Hypo Sulphite (Na2S2O2) - Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) Bleaching agents have different applicability depending on fiber types. Different types of bleaching agents use on different fibers. Among all of the bleaching agents hydrogen per oxide is called universal bleaching agent. There have some reasons behind this specialty. They are as follows: - Hydrogen per oxide is a very gentle bleaching agent. - It is very easy for application. - Permanent treatment is possible with hydrogen per oxide. - It is easy to apply with any types of fiber. Bleaching agents are applying on fiber by two processes. They are: - Discontinuous or Semi-continuous process: In this method bleaching agent apply on fiber discontinuously or semi continuously. Bleaching tank, Jigger, Padder, Kier and many others use for treatment with bleaching agent. - Continuous process: In this process bleaching treatment is performed as per sequence of treatment. J-Box use for continuous process. During bleaching; following points must be considered for get better performance: - Bleaching Agent - Wetting Agent - Sequestering Agent - Materials and Liquor ratio - Application time Different types of machine manufacturing company manufacture this type of machine. Machine should have enough properties which is required for performing the operation. Anyhow, when we will select the chemicals we have to ensure the chemical properties, which is required. Well known chemical manufacturing companies also supply the guide line of chemical use. We will use right bleaching agent for right fiber. While most countries agree it’s important to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions worldwide, the question of which methods to employ is generating far less consensus, particularly when it comes to vehicle emissions. Even the European Commission, the European Union’s executive body and longtime hawk on the need for governmental and international organizations to fight climate change, says the jury is out on whether road transport should be incorporated in carbon trading. Better known as cap-and-trade in the U.S., the scheme is being promoted by Republican presidential candidate John McCain, among many others, including some auto industry leaders. Cap-and-trade provides a way to reduce greenhouse emissions on an industrial scale by capping total annual emissions and letting the market assign a monetary value to any shortfall through trading. Credits can be exchanged between businesses or bought and sold internationally at the prevailing market price. But while supporters have not been able to get carbon trading on the statute book for any industry in America, European support is far greater. Indeed, a system has operated since 2005. Yet, the EC’s reluctance to include the auto industry reflects the challenge in defining what parties are responsible for vehicle emissions. In a new directive proposed in late January laying out how the EU carbon-trading plan should work from 2013, commissioners wrote: “Although greenhouse-gas emissions from road transport and shipping are still increasing, more detailed analysis, including a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis, is necessary in order to allow the Commission to decide on whether emissions trading is the most appropriate means to deal with these issues.” It’s not as if the EC has been sitting on its hands over this issue. Intense discussions took place throughout 2007. But while the system works fine for brick-and-mortar facilities – such as power stations where it’s clear who is responsible for releasing emissions – the situation is more complex for the vehicle-manufacturing sector. Auto makers are responsible for the greenhouse gases produced by their factories, but what about the vehicles they produce? Should responsibility be shared between the manufacturer, the dealer and customer? And how can you determine within an emissions-trading system the relative importance of how much carbon dioxide a particular car is expected to average per kilometer, according to the manufacturer, with how it is driven by the owner. These questions so far have stumped the EC, and there is every indication answers will not be reached in the foreseeable future. Therefore, the Commission has proposed a parallel directive, alongside its revised emissions-trading scheme, referred to as an “effort-sharing” directive. Assuming this new legislation is approved by the European Parliament, as well as the European Union Council of Ministers representing the 37 member states, the new law will place legal responsibility for reducing greenhouse-gas emissions on sectors not included in the carbon-trading plan. EU auto makers already are mandated to cut CO2 emissions by new passenger cars from 160 g/km to 130 g/km (roughly 45 mpg) in 2012 through improving engine technology. And a further 10 g/km reduction is expected to come from other technologies, such as tires, as well as a shift towards a greater use of biofuels and more widespread use of eco-driving. But the Commission wants more. Transport is explicitly mentioned in the proposed directive, as are the food, construction and other sectors deemed too complex to trade greenhouse-gas emissions. For Europe’s vehicle-producing countries, there are significant targets. In the U.K., the effort-sharing directive calls for reducing greenhouse emissions 16% by 2020, compared with 2005. For France and Germany that figure is 14%. For Italy it’s 13%, Sweden 17% and Spain 10%. However, the mandate shows more leniency toward Eastern European countries, where the EC is prepared to see an increase in emissions as manufacturing sectors ramp up: Romania’s greenhouse emissions will be allowed to rise 19%, Czech Republic 9% and Poland 14%. The Commission’s new directive allows national governments to “define and implement policies and measures” to achieve their mandated emissions between the various sectors concerned whatever way they like. It’s clear, especially for the Western European countries with their large auto sectors, there will be further legal and political pressure for additional reductions in greenhouse-gas emissions associated with the manufacturing, selling and use of cars, vans and trucks. The good news is the EC is willing to lighten emissions restrictions based on the ability of EU governments to provide subsidies to their favored local industries as part of an environmentally friendly investment. France, for example, has instituted an incentives program to push car buyers toward vehicles that burn less fuel. Known as “bonus/malus,” the scheme rewards buyers of high-mileage cars with a discount of up to €1,000 ($1,466), which come from penalties of up to €2,600 ($3,810) collected from owners of gas hogs. However, such subsidies and other investment programs will continue to be tightly policed by the Commission to ensure a level playing field between companies operating within the EU’s supposedly single marketplace. Auto makers no doubt will push for more benefits from the effort-sharing legislative package as it is debated by Parliament and EU ministers on its way to approval – probably in the year’s second half. For its part, the European Association of Automobile Manufacturers (ACEA) tells Ward’s the industry would be willing to accept “an open emissions-trading scheme” that allowed it to trade permits with other industries. However, “the industry opposes a system that would make (auto) manufacturers trade with each other,” an ACEA official says in an email. Including the auto industry within an emissions-trading system should be used “only as an alternative to, or replacement of legislation,” presumably such as the recently mandated CO2 cap. The ACEA official also says emissions trading should take into account the role of consumers. “Technology, alone, will not do the trick, as we see with decreasing CO2 emission levels from new cars,” he says, noting car ownership, the number of miles driven and traffic congestion also are factors. “The industry, therefore, advocates an integrated approach,” he says, “combining vehicle technology with infrastructure improvements, traffic management, more alternative fuels, CO
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çebe saldırılarına karşı kuzeydoğu sınırının savunma problemi çözümsüz olarak kaldı. Bununla beraber yine de Horasan'da Özbek hükümdarı Şibanî Han karşısındaki zaferle beraber İsmail, Faruk Sümer'in belirttiği gibi ülkesi sınırlarını "Fırat'tan Ceyhun'a" kadar genişletmişti.29 Diğer yandan Şah İsmail Alaüddevle üzerine giderken izin almadan Osmanlı topraklarından geçmekle onların doğu sınırını ihlal etmiş hatta Orta Anadolu bölgesindeki yoğun şia propagandaları ile açıkça Sünnî Osmanlıların iç bütünlüğünü sarsar duruma gelmişti. Bu yakın tehdidi başlangıçta görmezden gelen Osmanlı Hükümdarı II. Bayezid, sadece dinamik Safevî davasının kaynağını oluşturan Anadolu menşeli Safevî müridlerinin Anadolu'da İran'a göç hareketini durduracak tedbirler aldı.30 Ancak İsmail bir taraftan diplomatik manevralarla Osmalılara ılımlı mesajlar verirken diğer taraftan da Anadolu'ya gönderdiği halifeler vasıtası ile Şii Safevî davasını propaganda etmeye devam etti. Öyle ki Safevî müridlerinin etkinliği Karaman eyaletini de içine alacak şekilde genişledi. Hatta Safevî tehdidi Osmanlı topraklarında o noktaya geldi ki II. Bayezid Sufi dervişlerin suikastına maruz kaldı.31 İçten içe Osmanlı sistemini ve toplum yapısını kemiren Safevî saldırganlığı karşısında II. Bayezid önlemlerini artırarak, Anadolulu Safevî taraftarlarının bir çoğunu Mora'ya sürdü. Bundan başka Osmanlı doğu sınırı üzerinde kurulu garnizonlarını kuvvetlendirdi.32 II. Bayezıd'in bu tür pasif tedbirlerine rağmen Kızılbaşların arz ettiği tehlike gün geçtikçe vüsatini artırarak şehzadelerin saltanat mücadelesi esnasında vuku bulan Şah Kulu İsyanı ile bir felaket halini aldı. Her ne kadar Osmanlı muahhar tarihçisi Solak Zade bu isyan hareketini Şah İsmail'in içinde sürpriz olduğu ifade ediyor ise de33 Şah İsmail'in bu hadiseden bir yıl önce Özbek Hükümdarı Şibanî'nin kafatasını II. Beyazid'a göndermekle açıkça Osmanlılara karşı savaş ilan ettiğini ve Şah Kulu hadisesini onun bilgisi dahilinde geliştirdiğini gösterir. Nitekim Veziri Azam Ali Paşayla giriştiği savaşta ölen Şah Kulu'nun yerine Şah İsmail Rumlu Nur Ali Halifeyi önemli bir güçle Anadolu'ya göndermiştir. Gerçekten de Anadolu'nun içinde bulunduğu kaos ortamı sufi halifenin ekmeğine yağ sürerek Tokat, Amasya Sivas bölgesinde Kızılbaşları ayaklandırdı. Bununla da kalmayarak bu bölgelerde İsmail adına hutbe okuttu ve Sinan Paşa komutasındaki Osmanlı birliğini ağır yenilgiye uğrattı. Bu arada özellikle Şah Kulu hadisesi Osmanlı tarihi içinde bir dönüm noktası oldu. Safevî taraftarlarının Anadolu'yu bir kan gölü haline getirmeleri Anadolu'daki Sünnî kamuoyunun, Osmanlı devlet adamları ile ulema ve askerlerin çoğunun, Kızılbaş hareketlerine başından beri iyi gözle bakmayan Şehzade Selim'in yanında yer almasını sağladı. Bu hadise Şehzade Ahmed taraftarları içinde bir fırsat olarak değerlendirildi ise de bu şehzadenin Kızılbaş ayaklanması karşısında başarısızlığı saltanat yolunu Şehzade Selim'e açtı.34 I. Selim politik rakiplerini bir bir ortadan kaldırdıktan sonra kamuoyunun beklentisi doğrultusunda dinamik Safevî saldırganlığına karşı ekonomik, siyasi ve kültürel önlemler aldı. Aynı zamanda Anadolu'da Safevî taraftarı yaklaşık kırk bin kişiyi hapsetti. Bunların bir çoğunu sürgüne gönderdi ve öldürdü. Daha sonra Şah İsmail'i kafirlikle suçlayarak İsmail'e dedesi Sultan Mehmed'in Uzun Hasan karşısındaki zaferini hatırlattı. Şah İsmail ise Sultan Selim'e Timur'u hatırlatarak karşılıklı propaganda savaşı yürütüldü.35 Bütün bunlardan başka sefer için yeterli lojistik destek ve İran'ın zapt için büyük bir ordu hazırlayan36 Sultan Selim, uzun bir yolculuktan sonra Çaldıran'da 22 Agustos 1514 tarihinde Şah İsmail ile savaşa girdi. Ertesi gün Şah İsmail karşısında büyük bir zafer kazandı.37 Osmanlı topları ve el tüfekleri savaşın kaderini tayin etmede etkili oldular. Zira Safevîler henüz ateşli silahlar konusunda yeterince deneyime sahip değillerdi.38 Zaferden sonra Osmanlılar Tebriz'e girdi. Ancak Selim'in ertesi yıl İran'ı bütünüyle fethetmek için kışı Tebriz'de geçirme planı isyancı Yeniçerilerin baskısı yüzünden akim kaldı. Bu yüzden zaferden 8 gün sonra (13 Eylül 1514) Tebriz'den çekildi. Çaldıran zaferinin sonucunda; Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu topraklarının büyük bir çoğunluğu Osmanlı sınırlarına dahil edildi. Özellikle İdris-i Bitlisi liderliğinde bir çok Sunni bölgesel yöneticiler Osmanlı yönetimine itaatini bildirdi. Ayrıca bu savaşta yüksek rütbede bulunan bir çok Kızılbaş emiri ve önde gelen üç önemli ulema öldü. Bütün bu kayıpların yanında bu yenilgi psikolojik olarak İsmail'in Allah'ın oğlu olma iddiasına dayanan yenilmezlik inancının yıkılmasını sağladı. Bunun sonucu ise mürşid-i kamil gözü ile bakılan İsmail ile müridleri arasındaki ilişkiler tümüyle değişti.39 Bu yüzden dinamik Safevî propagandası ve saldırganlığı yok oldu. Böylece Safevîlerin yayılmacı politikası yerini savunmaya terk etti. Bununla beraber dış politikadaki bu değişimin bir sonucu olarak Safevîler, İsmail'in hayatının son on yılında özellikle doğu sınırında Delh, Kandahar ve Herad gibi önemli şehirleri kaybetti. Hiçbir savaş meydanında tekrar görülmeyen İsmail aynı zamanda ölümüne kadar devlet işlerine de çok az zaman ayırdı. III. Safevî Devleti (1524 Yılından 1588'e Kadar) Şah İsmail'in ölümünden sonra henüz on yaşında bulunan büyük oğlu Ebu'l-Muzaffer Tahmasb "Bahadır Han Şah I. Tahmasb" unvanıyla Safevî tahtına geçti. Çocuk yaşta olması münasebeti ile Şah Tahmasb, kendilerini devletin hükümdarı gibi gören Kızılbaş emirlerinin etkisi altında kaldı. Aşağı yukarı on yıl, rakip Kızılbaş oymaklarının hükümet üzerinde nüfuz kurma mücadelesine karşı koyma ile geçti.40 En sonunda Saltanat vekaletini temin yolundaki bu mücadelede Dev Sultan'ın öldürülmesi üzerine Tekelü taifesi nüfuz kazanmıştır. Fakat Şah'ın desteğini alan Şamlu ümerası ve diğer oymakların reisleri, Tekelü taifesine karşı kanlı bir hareketi reva gördüler. Bunun sonucunda Tekelü aşiretinin lideri Ulema öç almak için Şah'a isyan etti. Ancak Safevî kuvvetleri karşısında yenilince Ulema Osmanlı devletine iltica etmiştir.41 Diger yandan Osmanlı cephesinde aynı zamanda daha önce Ulema ile mücadele etmiş olan Bitlis hakimi Şeref Han Safevîler tarafına geçmiştir. Şark sınırlarını emniyetsiz hale getiren bu keyfiyet temel ana faktörleri ateşleyerek42 Osmanlıların İran üzerine askeri harekete girişmesinin mukaddimesi oldu. Nitekim bu hadiselerden sonra Osmanlı Sultanı muhteşem Süleyman liderliğindeki Osmanlı ordusu İran üzerine dört büyük sefer düzenledi. Osmanlılar bu seferler ile amaçlarına büyük ölçüde ulaştılar. Ancak coğrafi faktörlerden dolayı onların askeri organizasyonu doğuda Osmanlı genişlemesini sınırladığı için ve diğer nedenlerden dolayı Sultan Süleyman Şah Tahmasb ile Amasya Mütarekesi'ni imzaladı. Bu anlaşmaya göre Safevîler Bağdad Tebriz gibi tarihi ticaret yolarının geçtiği merkezleri ve kuzeybatı Azerbaycan'ı Osmanlılara terk etti.43 Ayrıca daha önce Sultan Süleyman'ın üçüncü İran seferi nedeninden Şah Tahmasb devletin başkentini Tebriz'den Kazvin'e taşımıştır (1548).44 Amasya musalahası ile başlayan bu sulh dönemi Sultan Süleyman Dönemi'nce devam etti. Her iki tarafta anlaşmaya itina ile riayet etti. Öyle ki Şehzade Bayezid ve oğullarının İran'a ilticası bile sulhu ihlal etmedi. İki devlet arasındaki bu dostane ilişkiler bilahare Şah Tahmasb'ın ölümüne kadar devam etti. Nitekim II. Selim ve III. Murat'ın tahta çıkışlarını tebrik eden Safevî diplomatik heyetine İstanbul'da en yüksek seviyede devlet elçilerine gösterilen merasim sergilendi.45 Diğer taraftan Şah Tahmasb'ın ilk dönemlerindeki Kızılbaş oymakları arasındaki ihtilafdan dolayı, Özbekler süreç içinde Horasan'a beş önemli saldırı gerçekleştirdi. Her ne kadar Özbek hükümdarları Ubeydullah han ve onun takipçisi Muhammed Sultan, Safevî ordusunun batı sınırında Osmanlı taaruzları ile meşgul olmasını fırsat bilerek Horasan'da Herat, Kandahar, bilahare Meşed ve Nişabur gibi Safevî şehirlerini ele geçirmişler ise de batı sınırındaki tehlike kalktıktan hemen sonra Şah Tahmasb doğuya yönelerek bu şehirleri 1566 tarihine kadar tekrar kazanmıştır.46 İki cephede başarılı savunma savaşı veren Şah Tahmasb babasının aksine meydan savaşına çıkmaktan kaçınmıştır. Özellikle sınır boylarında düşmanlarına karşı yıpratma savaş taktiğini uygulayarak kadim Fars topraklarının ana iskeletini muhafaza etmiştir. Şah Tahmasb her iki cephede yaptığı savaşlarla ve mütarekelerle yalnız Safevî ülkesinin toprak bütünlüğünü sağlamakla kalmadı aynı zamanda F. Sümer'in ifade ettiği gibi Sünnî komşularına "Şiî Safevî Devleti'nin varlığını kabul ettirdi".47 Şah Tahmasb'ın Güney Kafkasya üzerindeki yayılmacılığının nedenleri üzerinde kaynaklarda net bir bilgi olmamasına rağmen bunun temelinde bölgenin stratejik, coğrafi ve iktisadi konumunun etkili olduğu kesindir. Bunlarla beraber Osmanlılar ile bölgedeki meskun halk arasında mezhebi ve etnik karinelerin olmasından48 dolayı muhtemelen Osmanlıların eski Safevî-Azerbaycan valisi Tekelü Ulemanın Osmanlılara iltica etmesinden sonra Osmanlıların bu bölgeyi işgal ederek ona ikta olarak vereceği endişesidir Nitekim Şah Tahmasb, Sultan Süleyman'ın Irak seferinden ve Özbeklerin Horasan üzerindeki saldırılardan hemen sonra faaliyetlerini kuzey Azerbaycan üzerinde yoğunlaştırmıştır: 1538 yılında Elkas Mirza komutasındaki yirmi bin kişiden oluşan Safevî ordusu Şirvan Şahların başkenti Şeki'ye girerek bu ülkeyi topraklarına kattı. Bunlarla kalmayan Safevîler, Şirvan ile sınır olan Gürci prenslikleri üzerine 1540 yıllında başlayıp 1569 tarihine kadar fasılalarla sürecek olan yedi sefer düzenlediler. Osmanlı ve Özbek gibi Sunni İslam devletlerinin çeşitli sebeplerle müdahale etmediği Şah Tahmasb'ın Güney Kafkasya üzerindeki yayılmacı politikası bu toprakların Safevî topraklarına katılması ile sonuçlanmıştır.49 Hasan-ı Rumlu bu seferler sonucunda Hıristiyan dinine mensup bir çok Gürcünün İslam'la şereflendiğini ifade eder.50 Diğer yandan M. R. Savory, Kafkasya orijinli Ermeni, Gürcü ve Çerkez vb. yeni etnik elementlerin Safevî devlet ve sosyal yapı içerisine girmesiyle çok kültürlü cemiyet oluşmaya başladığını iddia eder.51 Gerçekten'de esir alınan Hıristiyan gençler Osmanlıdaki Kapıkulları gibi "Gulaman-ı Hassay-ı Şerife" adı verilen müessesede hizmet vermişlerdir. Şüphesiz böyle bir kurumun Safevî Devleti içinde ihdas edilmesinde şahın Osmanlı Devleti'ne karşı beslediği derin ilginin önemi büyüktür. Şah Tahmasb'ın 1576 yılında ölümünden sonra devlet içinde hakim pozisyon için mücadele, yalnız kurucu Türkmen ve Tacik oymaklarından oluşan unsurlarla kalmadı. Aynı zamanda yeni Kafkasya menşeli grup üyeleri de hırslı bir şekilde devlet gücünü elde etmek için mücadeleye girdi. Bu iktidar mücadelesi siyasi gücün önemli bir kaynağını teşkil eden Haremin girmesi ile ziyadesi ile karmaşık bir hal aldı. Halbuki Şeyh Cüneyt den beri bütün Safevî liderleri bir Türkmen anadan meydana gelmişti. Şimdi ise sarayda Çerkez ve Gürcü menşeli Tahmasb'ın hanımları kendi oğullarını iktidara taşımak için bu iç mücadeleye girmişlerdir. Nitekim Şah Tahmasb veliaht tayin etmeden öldüğü için yönetime hakim hizipler kendi koalisyon politik çıkarlarına çok uygun olan iki hükümdar adayı etrafında toplandılar: Gürcü menşeli anneden doğma Tahmasb'ın üçüncü oğlu Haydar Mirzayı, Ustaçlı kabilesi ve Gürcü ümera desteklerken; Kızılbaş kabilelerinin çoğu, Türkmen ümerası ve Çerkezler, Türkmen anneden dünyaya gelen İsmail Mirzayı destekledi. İsmail taraftarları çok kısa sürede sonuca ulaşarak hemen babasının vefatı müteakip tahta oturan Haydar Mirzayı cülusunun ertesi günü katlederek mücadeleden zaferle çıktılar (22 Ağustos 1576).52 II. Şah İsmail, bir buçuk yıllık saltanat süresi içinde, Safevî Devleti'nin dış ve dini politikasında radikal değişiklikleri uygulamaya koydu. O, öncelikli olarak birer birer politik rakiplerini ortadan kaldırdı. Daha sonra saraydan ve Başkent'ten Haydar taraftarlarını temizledi. Ancak İsmail'in her ne pahasına olursa olsun iktidarı sağlamlaştırma siyaseti politik fırsatçılık dalgası içinde insanları birbirine düşürdü. Fakat bu gelişmelerden ürkmeyen İsmail devlet üzerinde büyük nüfuz sahibi Şiî ulemayı ve Kızılbaş aşiretlerini saraydan uzaklaştırdı. Onların yerine Sunnî bürokrat ve alimleri ikame etti. Ayrıca Pağanist Şiizmin bazı radikal söylemlerini bahane ederek İran sınırını sürekli tehdit eden Sunni Osmanlı ve Özbek saldırılarının önüne geçmek için On iki İmamın ihtilaflı doktrinlerini yasak etti. Böylece İran'da Sünnilikle Şiiliği kuşatıcı ve bütünleştirici yapısal reformlar gerçekleştirdi. Diğer yandan dış politikada havzası geniş stratejiler ortaya koyan II. İsmail Anadolu'da unutulmuş Safevî davasını tekrar ayağa kaldırmış ve bu çerçevede Anadolu'daki Şia sempatizanları ile işbirliğine girmiştir. Ayrıca Anadolu'da Sunnileri kucaklayacak politikalar üreterek, Sünni Şeref Han liderliğinde diplomatik manevralarla Doğu Anadolu halkını kazanma yoluna girmiştir.53 Ancak bu yapısal değişiklikler ve İsmail'in Sünnilere karşı toleransı, kayırıcılığı Kızılbaş oymaklarının kendinden nefret etmesine sebep oldu. Nihayet Şah'ın afyon tiryakisi olmasını değerlendiren muhalifler 24 Kasım 1577 yılında onu zehirletmek suretiyle öldürdüler.54 Bunun üzerine Kızılbaş oymak reisleri, tahta kimin geçeceğini müzakere ederek âmâ kardeşi Muhammed Hudabende'yi "Şah" ilan ettiler. Muhammed Hüdabende son derece zayıf karakterli idi ve kör olmasından dolayı devlet işlerini eşi Mehd-i Ulya'ya bırakmıştı. Bu bağlamda daha on bir yaşında bulunan oğlu Hamza Mirza'yı veliaht olarak seçtirmiştir. Onun devlet kontrolündeki bu teşebbüsleri burada kalmayarak Kızılbaş liderlerinin ihtirasına rağmen Tacik orijinli bürokratları devletin üst makamlarına atadı.55Ancak bütün Kızılbaş liderlerinin husumetini arttırmamak için onlara taşradaki görevleri verdi.56 Böylece o Türkmen ve Fars kesiminin devlet üzerindeki nüfuzunu dengelemeyi amaçlamış olmalıdır. Fakat devlet içinde kesin köklü sorunları çözmek için yapılan bu teşebbüsler Kızılbaş oymakları arasında husumetin ve kıskançlığın artmasına sebep olmuştur. Burada rahatlıkla söylenebilir ki Türkmen ve Tacik kesimler arasındaki yönetime hakim olma ihtirası bu dönemde Kafkas menşeli kesimlerin üçüncü element olarak Safevî Devleti içinde yer edinmelerini hızlanmıştır. Muhammed Hüdabende'nin devlet üzerindeki ihtilaflı ve cılız idaresi daha baştan Safevîlerin geleneksel düşmanları Özbek ve Osmanlıların İran üzerindeki iştahını kabarttı
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in a market economy but denied American slaves for two centuries. In 1873, James Shepherd Pike of the New York Tribune wrote an influential series of articles that was later turned into a book, The Prostrate State: South Carolina under Negro Government. While pointing out that the black man “showed great magnanimity and forbearance in not cutting the throats of the masters’ families when he was emancipated,” Pike painted black-run South Carolina as “the most ignorant democracy that mankind ever saw”: It is barbarism overwhelming civilization by physical force. It is the slave rioting in the halls of his master, and putting that master under his feet. The question is often asked if education is not the remedy for the blackness of darkness that prevails in South Carolina. Yes, indeed, if that were possible [...] here is a race to be educated in the very elements of manhood. They have to be taught positively and negatively [...] They have to be taught not to lie, not to steal, not to be unchaste [...] Education, to be what it ought to be with the existing race of negroes in the South, means to educate them out of themselves, means to undo the habits and practices and modes of thoughts and want of thought engendered by centuries of slavery. In 1888, Walt Whitman didn’t sound any more optimistic: The nigger, like the Injun, will be eliminated: it is the law of races, history, what-not: always so far inexorable—always to be. Someone proves that a superior grade of rats comes and then all the minor rats are cleared out. Booker T. Washington, though, certainly believed the black man had a future and, moreover, was a huge asset to the nation. In 1895, Washington appealed to Southern whites to rely on blacks rather than European immigrants: To those of the white race who look to the incoming of those of foreign birth and strange tongue and habits for the prosperity of the South, were I permitted I would repeat what I say to my own race, ‘Cast down your bucket where you are.’ Cast it down among the eight millions of Negroes whose habits you know, whose fidelity and love you have tested in days when to have proved treacherous meant the ruin of your firesides. Cast down your bucket among these people who have, without strikes and labour wars, tilled your fields, cleared your forests, builded your railroads and cities, and brought forth treasures from the bowels of the earth, and helped make possible this magnificent representation of the progress of the South. Casting down your bucket among my people, helping and encouraging them as you are doing on these grounds, and to education of head, hand, and heart, you will find that they will buy your surplus land, make blossom the waste places in your fields, and run your factories. While doing this, you can be sure in the future, as in the past, that you and your families will be surrounded by the most patient, faithful, law-abiding, and unresentful people that the world has seen. As we have proved our loyalty to you in the past, in nursing your children, watching by the sick-bed of your mothers and fathers, and often following them with tear-dimmed eyes to their graves, so in the future, in our humble way, we shall stand by you with a devotion that no foreigner can approach, ready to lay down our lives, if need be, in defense of yours, interlacing our industrial, commercial, civil, and religious life with yours in a way that shall make the interests of both races one.” In his 1899 book, The Philadelphia Negroes, W.E.B. DuBois observed: In the city of Philadelphia the increasing number of bold and daring crimes committed by Negroes in the last ten years has focused the attention of the city on this subject. There is a widespread feeling that something is wrong with a race that is responsible for so much crime, and that strong remedies are called for. 4 per cent of the population of Philadelphia having Negro blood furnished from 1885 to 1889, 14 per cent of the serious crimes, and from 1890 to 1895, 22 1/2 per cent. we may conclude that young men are the perpetrators of the serious crime among Negroes; that this crime consists mainly of stealing and assault; that ignorance, and immigration to the temptations of city life, are responsible for much of this crime but not for all; that deep social causes underlie this prevalence of crime and they have so worked as to form among Negroes since 1864 a distinct class of habitual criminals; that to this criminal class and not to the great mass of Negroes the bulk of the serious crime perpetrated by this race should be charged. His strange social environment must have immense effect on his thought and life, his work and crime, his wealth and pauperism. That this environment differs and differs broadly from the environment of his fellows, we all know, but we do not know just how it differs. The real foundation of the difference is the wide-spread feeling all over the land, in Philadelphia as well as in Boston and New Orleans, that the Negro is something less than an American and ought not to be much more than what he is. Argue as we may for or against this idea, we must as students recognize its presence and its vast effects. I dug up some old observations so we can see how far, or how little, we’ve gone as a nation. During the decade ending in 1895, Philadelphia had nine murders. Nine in ten years! With just 50% more people, Philly already has 135 murders this year as of July 14th. Making up 43.3% of its population (according to the 2010 census), blacks commit more than 80% of Philly’s murders, year in and year out. What would DuBois make of this outrage? Booker T. Washington hoped for “a new heaven and a new earth” predicated on “material prosperity” and “a blotting out of sectional differences and racial animosities and suspicions, in a determination to administer absolute justice, in a willing obedience among all classes to the mandates of law.” I don’t see it coming. After a week of black attacks against the police in Texas, Tennessee, Minnesota, Missouri, Indiana and Washington DC, there will be Day of Rage protests in 37 American cities today, in support of Black Lives Matter, and next week, dozens of gun-toting New Black Panthers will descend on Cleveland to raise hell at the Republican National Convention. To close, I will quote at length from a July 9th FaceBook post by Jay Stalien, a Baltimore cop: I have come to realize something that is still hard for me to understand to this day. The following may be a shock to some coming from an African American, but the mere fact that it may be shocking to some is prima facie evidence of the sad state of affairs that we are in as Humans. I used to be so torn inside growing up. Here I am, a young African-American born and raised in Brooklyn, NY wanting to be a cop. I watched and lived through the crime that took place in the hood. My own black people killing others over nothing. Crack heads and heroin addicts lined the lobby of my building as I shuffled around them to make my way to our 1 bedroom apartment with 6 of us living inside. I used to be woken up in the middle of the night by the sound of gun fire, only to look outside and see that it was 2 African Americans shooting at each other. It never sat right with me. I wanted to help my community and stop watching the blood of African Americans spilled on the street at the hands of a fellow black man. I became a cop because black lives in my community, along with ALL lives, mattered to me, and wanted to help stop the bloodshed. As time went by in my law enforcement career, I quickly began to realize something. I remember the countless times I stood 2 inches from a young black man, around my age, laying on his back, gasping for air as blood filled his lungs. I remember them bleeding profusely with the unforgettable smell of deoxygenated dark red blood in the air, as it leaked from the bullet holes in his body on to the hot sidewalk on a summer day. I remember the countless family members who attacked me, spit on me, cursed me out, as I put up crime scene tape to cordon off the crime scene, yelling and screaming out of pain and anger at the sight of their loved ones taking their last breath. I never took it personally, I knew they were hurting. I remember the countless times I had to order new uniforms, because the ones I had on, were bloody from the blood of another black victim...of black on black crime. I remember the countless times I got back in my patrol car, distraught after having watched another black male die in front me, having to start my preliminary report something like this: Suspect- Black/ Male, Victim-Black /Male. I remember the countless times I canvassed the area afterwards, and asked everyone “did you see who did it”, and the popular response from the very same family members was always, “Fuck the Police, I ain't no snitch, Im gonna take care of this myself". This happened every single time, every single homicide, black on black, and then my realization became clearer. I woke up every morning, put my freshly pressed uniform on, shined my badge, functioned checked my weapon, kissed my wife and kid, and waited for my wife to say the same thing she always does before I leave, “Make sure you come back home to us”. I always replied, “I will”, but the truth was I was never sure if I would. I almost lost my life on this job, and every call, every stop, every moment that I had this uniform on, was another possibility for me to almost lose my life again. I was a target in the very community I swore to protect, the very community I wanted to help. As a matter of fact, they hated my very presence. They called me “Uncle Tom”, and “wanna be white boy”, and I couldn’t understand why. My own fellow black men and women attacking me, wishing for my death, wishing for the death of my family. I was so confused, so torn, I couldn’t understand why my own black people would turn against me, when every time they called ...I was there. Every time someone died....I was there. Every time they were going through one of the worst moments in their lives...I was there. So why was I the enemy? I dove deep into that question...Why was I the enemy? Then my realization became clearer. I spoke to members of the community and listened to some of the complaints as to why they hated cops. I then did research on the facts. I also presented facts to these members of the community, and listened to their complaints in response. This is what I learned: Complaint: Police always targeting us, they always messing with the black man. Fact: A city where the majority of citizens are black (Baltimore for example) ...will ALWAYS have a higher rate of black people getting arrested, it will ALWAYS have a higher rate of blacks getting stopped, and will ALWAYS have a higher rate of blacks getting killed, and the reason why is because a city with those characteristics will ALWAYS have a higher rate of blacks committing crime. The statistics will follow the same trend for Asians if you go to China, for Hispanics if you go to Puerto Rico, for whites if you go to Russia, and the list goes on. It’s called Demographics Complaint: More black people get arrested than white boys. Fact: Black People commit a grossly disproportionate amount of crime. Data from the FBI shows that Nationwide, Blacks committed 5,173 homicides in 2014, whites committed 4,367. Chicago’s death toll is almost equal to that of both wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, combined. Chicago’s death toll from 2001–November, 26 2015 stands at 7,401. The combined total deaths during Operation Iraqi Freedom (2003-2015: 4,815) and Operation Enduring Freedom/Afghanistan (2001-2015: 3,506), total 8,321. Complaint: Blacks are the only ones getting killed by police, or they are killed more. Fact: As of July 2016, the breakdown of the number of US Citizens killed by Police this year is, 238 White people killed, 123 Black people killed, 79 Hispanics, 69 other/or unknown race. Fact: Black people kill more other blacks than Police do, and there are only protest and outrage when a cop kills a black man. University of Toledo criminologist Dr. Richard R. Johnson examined the latest crime data from the FBI’s Supplementary Homicide Reports and Centers for Disease Control and found that an average of 4,472 black men were killed by other black men annually between Jan. 1, 2009, and Dec. 31, 2012. Professor Johnson’s research further concluded that 112 black men died from both justified and unjustified police-involved killings annually during this same period. Complaint: Well we already doing a good job of killing ourselves, we don’t need the Police to do it. Besides they should know better. Contents - Previous - Next 9. The contexts of culture, environment, and food Harriet V. Kuhnlein and Gretel H. Pelto Overall performance of the protocol Keys to finding local community food sources to prevent Vitamin A deficiency: What foods are available and how much vitamin a do they contain? Keys to understanding consumption patterns of vulnerable groups Keys to beliefs and perceptions about food Keys to cultural, ecological and socioeconomic factors that constrain consumption of Vitamin A-rich food and prevention of deficiency Keys to explanations and understandings of Vitamin A deficiency symptoms Looking to the next steps: From ethnography to intervention design The root of the problem of vitamin A deficiency is lack of sufficient vitamin A in community food supplies. While all members of families in communities where vitamin A is limited are potentially at risk of deficiency, infants, young children, pregnant, and lactating women are the most vulnerable. In order to understand how food systems can be supported to ensure adequate intake for all the population, the environmental and sociocultural mechanisms through which food is provided must also be understood. This understanding begins with answers to a set of basic questions: what vitamin A-containing foods are available? What are the nutrient levels in these foods? How much is consumed by the individuals who are vulnerable to deficiency? Why are these foods selected or not used? How do people identify and treat symptoms of vitamin A deficiency? The answers to these questions are the product of determinants that reside in the physical and social environment, broadly defined, and in culture. Answering these questions at the local level is a necessary step in the development of interventions aimed at remedial actions and prevention of vitamin A deficiency. sections that follow, we begin with some comments about the overall performance of the protocol as a field tool. We then review findings from the studies in relation to the "key questions" to which the protocol is directed. This is not intended to be a definitive analysis of the dietary, environmental, and cultural features of the five sites. The purpose is to summarize the types of information that are produced through the application of the procedures. To assess the ability of the manual to assist national investigators to obtain answers to the key questions, it was necessary to test it in diverse environments and cultures. Specifically, the following different systems were selected: Andhra Pradesh, India Mixed Spanish and indigenous All procedures in the manual were applied by research teams in the five study sites. All team leaders (or main investigators) had backgrounds in health professions (nutrition, nursing, community medicine, public health). In several cases they also had anthropological training. Regardless of background and previous experience, the investigators agreed unanimously that the initial training workshop was a valuable preparation for carrying out the study. The teams completed the studies within the projected time frame of six to eight weeks. In two areas (China and Peru) the manual was translated into the national language; in the other three areas, the teams worked directly from the English manual, using
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ابتدا باید به خاطر داشت که قبلاً سلت ها و اتروسک ها از پوسته های عضلانی فلزی (پوسته های برنزی و مسی) استفاده می کردند که تزئین اصلی آن عضلات کم و بیش تسکین دهنده صاحبان آنها و همچنین مارپیچ ها و دایره های برش خورده از سنگ بود. داخل دستگیره های امدادی یونانی ها از این "افراط" امتناع کردند و کیسه های آنها فقط زیبایی نیم تنه های فلزی را نشان می داد. درست است که صدفهای کتانی - سنگهای سنگی ساخته شده از نوارهای لحافی از پارچه کتانی را میتوان با تصاویری از پوزههای شیر و مدوسا گورگون تزئین کرد، اما شکوه و عظمت آنها مانند رومیها در دوران قرن بیستم مورد احترام قرار نگرفت. جمهوری اتروریا «مقبره جنگجو در ولچی» و زره های یافت شده در آن و سلاح. موزه ملی حمام های دیوکلتیان، رم. سینه از مقبره جنگجو در Vulci. یعنی اگر سربازان معمولی بشقابهای فلزی روی کمربند خود میبستند یا بر روی سینهشان میبستند، فرمانده میتوانست حداکثر توان مالی خود را بپردازد، بنابراین این یک ماهیچهای عضلانی با ماهیچههای خطدار بود که خدمتکارش هر بار آن را به آینه صیقل میداد. درخشش، که دوباره بر جایگاه والای او تأکید کرد. اما پس از آن جمهوری با امپراتوری جایگزین شد (حتی اگر هنوز به شکل یک اصل باشد)، و در آن زمان بود که همه چیز تغییر کرد، علاوه بر این، به روشی بسیار قابل توجه. زره آناتومیک یونانی: کیراس - قفسه سینه و ساق - کنمیدس. موزه بریتانیا همه چیز با این واقعیت شروع شد که در 20 آوریل 1863، مجسمه ای از اکتاویان آگوستوس در پریما پورتا، که اکنون در واتیکان است، پیدا شد. منتقدان هنری بر این باورند که این مجسمه کاملترین تصویر از آگوستوس است که با پوشیدن یک پوسته تعقیبشده غنی نشان داده میشود که همزمان چندین چهره را به تصویر میکشد. در ابتدا به نظر می رسد که آنها فقط به خاطر زیبایی روی آن ساخته شده اند. با این حال، معلوم می شود که این فقط یک رمز غیرکلامی، یعنی کد غیرکلامی، یا به عبارت دیگر، یک روابط عمومی کاملاً شهودی است که به کمک اطلاعات بصری به تأثیرگذاری بر مردم رومی کمک می کند! پادشاه منلائوس گلدان یونانی از موزه هنر متروپولیتن در نیویورک. او پوسته کتانی به تن دارد که فلس های فلزی به آن وصل شده است. اول از همه، باید تأکید کرد که اکتاویان آگوستوس هرگز خود را نه امپراتور یا پادشاه نامید، بلکه از اطرافیانش خواست که او را شاهزاده بخوانند - "اول در میان برابران"، یعنی او وابستگی خود را به سنت های جمهوری روم نشان داد. . و او واقعاً مناصب اول بسیار متفاوتی را به دست آورد و خود را اولین سناتور و اولین تریبون و فرمانده کل قوا و حتی ... عالی (یعنی اولین!) کشیش معرفی کرد. بنابراین، او قدرت یک فرمانروای عالی واقعی را در دستان خود متمرکز کرد، تقریباً بیشتر از بسیاری از پادشاهان در آن زمان! در عین حال، مردم روم که در سنت های دموکراسی پرورش یافته بودند، اصلاً خود را فریب این همه نمی دانستند و هیچ ادعایی به غاصب ارائه نمی کردند! چگونه آن را توضیح دهیم؟ مجسمه یک امپراطور یا ژنرال روم در قیچی تعقیبشده، تزیین شده با ادعا و عجیب و غریب، اما بی مزه. این الهه سلن و دو نریید را به تصویر می کشد. قدمت تقریبی 100 - 130 سال. آگهی در موزه ملی باستان شناسی آتن به نمایش گذاشته شده است. و به طوری که آگوستوس موفق شد تمام اقدامات خود را به گونه ای نشان دهد که رومی ها کاملاً صادقانه فکر می کردند که او در راستای منافع مشترک عمل می کند و علاوه بر این ، به طور مقدس سنت های پدرسالارانه باستانی روم جمهوری را گرامی می دارد. پس ارتش را کم کرد - پول مردم را پس انداز کرد! وضع مالیات بر تجمل - یکی دیگر از صرفه جویی های قابل ستایش در ... دعوای گلادیاتورها. شد به شدت مجازات مقامات دزد؟ خوب، این کاملاً شگفت انگیز است: "همه کاری را برای مردم انجام می دهد"! مجسمه نقاشی شده اکتاویان آگوستوس. این دقیقاً همان چیزی است که مجسمه های یونانی و رومی در دوران باستان باید به نظر می رسیدند. همه چیز خوب است! یک چیز بد است: نه چهره، نه حالت و نه عضله اکتاویان مانند یک قهرمان باستانی به نظر نمی رسید. او قد بلندی نداشت، اگر نگوییم کمی، اما لنگان می لنگید، و هنوز هم اغلب سرد بود، به طوری که گاهی اوقات چندین تن پوش را همزمان می پوشید. با این حال، چه کسی را روی مجسمه او می بینیم؟ نیمه خدای زیبا - این چیزی است که ما در آن می بینیم. و اگرچه مجسمه، البته، نمی توانست صحبت کند، این پوسته ای بود که آن را "پوشش" می کرد که برای آن "صحبت می کرد"، و وسیله ای عالی برای ارتباط روابط عمومی غیرکلامی بود! تصویر گرافیکی جزئیات روی زره اکتاویان آگوستوس. خوب، پس مردم آن زمان که به او نگاه می کردند، چه چیزی را تشخیص می دادند؟ در قسمت بالایی پوسته تصویری از خدای هلیوس وجود داشت، زیرا اعتقاد بر این بود که این خدا همه چیز را در مورد همه می داند، زیرا از بالا می تواند همه چیز را ببیند. علاوه بر این، این خدای خورشید است، بنابراین، خلوص افکار شاهزاده ها، بنابراین، هیچ کس نباید شک داشته باشد. در زیر، دو الهه به طور همزمان به تصویر کشیده شده بودند، Aurora و Selene، که نمادی از شکوفایی رم است، که به گفته آنها، تحت فرمان آگوستوس قرار گرفت. خدای مریخ با همراهی یک گرگ (دو شکل در مرکز پوسته) ، یک عقاب رومی را از یک اشکانی دریافت می کند ، خوب ، این برای همه قابل درک است - نماد پیروزی بر پارت - اگرچه نظامی نبود ، اما فقط دیپلماتیک! اما بود! در هر دو طرف روی پوسته تصاویر آلمان و اسپانیا بود که به شکل تمثیلی منتقل شده بود، توسط قدرت سلاح های رومی تسخیر شده بود، و خدای آپولو سوار بر گریفین حتی به ... الوهیت خانواده شاهزاده ها اشاره کرد! مثلاً، این کسی نیست جز خدای آپولو که خود با مادرش در حالی که او در خواب بود وصل شد و در پایان - چنین حاکم شگفت انگیزی! بر این اساس، الهه دیانا با یک گوزن در سمت چپ پوسته، ارتباط اکتاویان را با دموهای رومی نشان داد، زیرا او حامی او محسوب می شد. اکتاویان سعی کرد هرگز صدای دموها را نادیده نگیرد، برای او نبردهای گلادیاتوری و توزیع نان ترتیب داد، به طوری که بلافاصله برای همه مشخص شد که الهه از شاهزاده ها حمایت می کند. خدای تلوس با قرنیه اش باز هم اشاره ای به رونقی است که اکتاویان برای مردم روم به ارمغان آورد. خنده دار است که آگوستوس پابرهنه روی مجسمه است، اگرچه، به عنوان یک امپراتور، او معمولا همیشه و همه جا با کفش راه می رفت. در این مورد، رسم یونانی است که قهرمان را بدون کفش به تصویر می کشند. و در اینجا اشاره دیگری پنهان است، اشاره ای به اینکه اکتاویان کسی نیست جز اسکندر دوم مقدونی. علاوه بر این، دو شخصیت دیگر روی پوسته به تصویر کشیده شده است - یک دلفین و کوپید، همچنین به دلایلی. هر دوی آنها ماهواره های الهه زهره هستند. از سوی دیگر، زهره حامی خانه جولیوس در نظر گرفته می شد و دلفین همراه او یادآوری می کرد که الهه از کف دریا متولد شده است. این فرض وجود دارد که آگوستوس در اصل یک نیزه را در دست چپ خود نگه داشته است - نماد قهرمانی دیگری است، اما در رنسانس نیزه با عصای سلطنتی جایگزین شد و بنابراین "عظمت" امپراتوری اکتاویان آگوستوس در نهایت تایید شد. مجسمه سازی در سنگ مرمر. خوب، البته با توجه به همه این جزئیات، مردم زمان ما حرف چندانی برای گفتن ندارند. اما برای معاصران اکتاویان، مجسمه او یک «کتاب باز» بود. بنابراین کافی بود که یک رومی فقط با یک نگاه گذرا به او نگاه کند تا بار دیگر متقاعد شود: بله، در واقع، اکتاویان آگوستوس در واقع الهی است، هر کاری که او برای جامعه انجام می دهد فقط به نفع همه و برای همه است. ! بنابراین، در آن سالهای دور از ما، مردم توجه زیادی به این گونه ارتباطات غیرکلامی داشتند، و البته، همه چیزها در حال حاضر اتفاق میافتد! As a crossroads of trade between the Indian Ocean and East Asia, the Malay Archipelago has consistently been a wealthy, diverse, and politically important region. Islam began to spread in the region through trade not long after the life of Prophet Muhammad (S). For centuries, the people of Southeast Asia slowly began to accept Islam and create Muslim towns and kingdoms. Perhaps the most important of these kingdoms was the Sultanate of Malacca (Melaka in Malay), which reached its peak in the mid-1400s. As a powerful and influential kingdom, the continued spread of Islam was intricately tied with the rise of the Malacca Sultanate. Unfortunately, however, the Malacca Sultanate would not last, as the newly powerful Portugal conquered the kingdom in 1511 and began a centuries-long period of European domination. The Rise of Malacca One of the most important highways of trade in the pre-modern world was the Strait of Malacca. Bordered on its northern side by the Malay Peninsula and on the southern side by the island of Sumatra, it was the main connection between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. As a result, most trade traffic in the region passed through this narrow strait, creating rich trade kingdoms on its shores. Around the year 1400, a local king, Iskender Shah, established a new kingdom in the present-day location of Malacca, on the North Shore of the Malacca Strait. Some accounts attest to him being a convert to Islam, while others do not support this theory. In any case, within decades, the sultanate he founded, the Sultanate of Malacca, became one of the major promoters of Islam in the region. As a powerful and expansive kingdom, the Sultanate of Malacca provided a common culture for the surrounding region that neighboring states attempted to adopt. This unified culture helped spark the spread of Islam throughout the region. Adopting Malay culture and converting to Islam were so connected that it was said when someone became Muslim, they masuk Melayu, meaning they “entered the realm of the Malays”. Adding to the spread of Islam in the region was the continued presence of Indian and Arab Muslim traders coming from the West and bringing their religion with them and spreading it to the local population. Another factor were the numerous visits by the Chinese Muslim admiral Zheng He (who is known as Cheng Ho in Southeast Asia) who helped spread Islam throughout the Malay Archipelago. It is important to note that as the region slowly made its way into the fold of Islam, there were no forced conversions into the religion. The Arrival of the Portuguese In the late 1400s, the Kingdom of Portugal began to search for new trade opportunities on the high seas. Instead of relying on land routes to Asian spice markets (that were dominated by the Venetians), the Portuguese decided to find a sea route to China. The explorer Vasco de Gama managed to sail around the southern tip of Africa in the late 1400s, with the aid of Muslim navigators who were familiar with the Indian Ocean. With this new discovery in Europe, Portugal quickly became a naval power in the Indian Ocean and attempted to dominate the Asian spice market. After establishing bases in Indian cities such as Goa and Calicut around 1510, the Portuguese looked to the East to expand their trade empire. In 1511, they decided to conquer the important port of Malacca to control the trade with China. At first they attempted to create friendly relationships with the sultan of Malacca, Mahmud Shah and use that as a foothold in the kingdom. However, after being warned by Tamil Muslims who had seen Portuguese atrocities in Goa, Sultan Mahmud refused to allow the Portuguese into the city. As a result, on July 25th, 1511, the Portuguese commander, Afonso de Albuquerque, began an assault on the city. Despite allying with neighboring Muslim states, the Sultanate was unable to resist the superior Portuguese weapons and firepower, and by late August the city was conquered. The Portuguese soon began construction on a fortress, known as A Famosa which helped protect the Portuguese in the city from Malay counter-attacks. Much of the city center, including the main mosque and government buildings, was destroyed to provide stone for the fortress. This was the official end of the Sultanate of Malacca as the region came under foreign domination for the first time in its history. For the next 150 years, the Portuguese would control the famous and rich Strait of Malacca and attempt to subjugate the local population of Malays. Attempts to convert people to Catholicism were overall a failure, but the economic and political domination of the region that would later become Malaysia and Indonesia would continue into the 20th century. After the Portuguese came the Dutch in the 1600s and the British in the 1800s. Despite the European colonial period, Islam continued to flourish in the region and still provides the basis for society in Southeast Asia. Esposito, John L., Donner Fred , et al. The Oxford History Of Islam. 1st. Oxford: Oxford University Press, USA, 1999. Print. Holt, P.M., Ann Lambton, and Bernard Lewis. The Cambridge History of Islam. 2A. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1970. Print. Borat; Studio culturale sull'America a beneficio della gloriosa nazione del Kazakistan - di Larry Charles 2007 Giudizio sintetico: film difficile ma apparentemente solo grottescamente buffo Borat Sagdiyev è un giornalista Kazako, parla un inglese maccheronico, vive nel suo piccolo villaggio fra stupratori, villici e prostitute. Sua sorella, della quale approfitta, è la quarta miglior prostituta del Kazakistan, ha 3 figli (di uno ne decanta gli attributi sessuali), un fratello ritardato rinchiuso in una gabbia, una moglie grassa e aggressiva, una mamma decrepita e una mucca in casa. Insieme col fido produttore, parte alla volta degli USA per un documentario di studio sulle abitudini culturali del "più grande paese del mondo", girando per New York armato delle sue convinzioni razziste, omofobiche e misogine; ma si innamorerà di Pamela Anderson guardando una puntata di Baywatch, e allora partirà alla volta della California, deciso a sposarla. Ho visto persone andarsene ben prima della fine. Ho visto persone schifate, durante una delle scene salienti del film (sarebbe un peccato anticiparvela), e ho visto persone dormire e spazientirsi durante la proiezione. Non è che si rida continu
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sinomu olarak sınıflandırdı. Oranlar ve eğilimler SEER Stat adı verilen yöntem kullanılarak tahmin edildi. İnsidansta Belirgin Bir Artış Var Toplam 342.501 renal hücreli karsinom olgusu teşhis edildi. Renal hücreli karsinom insidansı 2001 yılında 10.6 / 100.000 kişiden 2010 yılında 12.4 / 100.000'e yükselmiş ve 70 ila 74 yaşlarına kadar artmıştır. Erkeklerde insidans oranı kadınlardan neredeyse iki kat fazlaydı. Yüzde/yıllık değişim, kadınlarda erkeklere göre, 20-24 yaşlarında ve III. derece tümörlerde daha yüksekti. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre böbrek kanserleri için yüzde/yıllık değişim insidansı 2001'den 2010'a yükseldi. Asya / Pasifik Adaları’ndan olanlar ve 20 ila 24 yaşındaki bireyler en yüksek yüzde değişim oranına sahipti. Bazı artışlar lokalize hastalıktan kaynaklanırken, en yüksek yıllık yüzde değişim dereceli tümörlerde daha agresif hastalık olduğu gösterildi. Risk faktörlerini belirlemek için bu eğilimlerin ve epidemiyolojik çalışmanın sürekli izlenmesi gerekmektedir. Referanslar : King SC, et al. Continued increase in incidence of renal cell carcinoma, especially in young patients and high grade disease: United States 2001 to 2010. J Urol. 2014 Jun;191(6):1665-70. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.12.046. Epub 2014 Jan 11. Cep Telefonu Radyasyonu Hafızayı Olumsuz Etkiliyor 15 Ekim 2018 Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin (BİT) hızlı evrimi, günlük yaşamımızda radyofrekans elektromanyetik alanlara (RF-EMF) maruz kalma oranımızı artırmaktadır. Beynin en çok bu radyasyona maruz kalma kaynağı kafaya yakın olarak kullanılan cep telefonlarıdır. RF-EMF ile ilgili potansiyel sağlık etkilerini tanımlamak için birkaç çalışma yapılmıştır, ancak net bir sonuca ulaşılamamıştır. İsviçreli bilim adamları tarafından yürütülen araştırma, RF-EMF'ye kablosuz iletişim cihazlarından maruz kalma ile ergenlerde hafıza performansı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelediler. Çalışma, farklı türdeki kablosuz iletişim cihazlarının kullanımı sırasında ergen beyinlerindeki RF-EMF'nin emilimine ilişkin bulguları büyük bir araştırma grubunda inceledi. Yapılan çalışmalar, ergenlerde kümülatif RF-EMF beyin dozunu tahmin etmek için dünyanın ilk epidemiyolojik çalışmalarıdır. Çalışma kohortunda cep telefonu kullanımı ile ilgili sağlık etkilerinden elde edilen veriler, bir yıl boyunca neredeyse 700 ergenin RF-EMF'ye maruz kalma ile hafıza performansının gelişimi arasındaki ilişkiye aitti. Hafıza Performansı Etkileniyor Çalışma, bir yıl boyunca cep telefonu kullanımından kaynaklanan kümülatif RF-EMF dozuna beynin maruz kalmasının, ergenlerde şekilsel bellek performansının gelişimi üzerinde olumsuz bir etkiye sahip olabileceğini göstermiştir. Sağ beyin yarıküresinde yer alan RF-EMF ile ilişki, ergenlerde sıklıkla başın sağ tarafında cep telefonu kullanıldığı için daha belirgindi. Kablosuz iletişim kullanımının diğer öğeleri olan, metin mesajlarının gönderilmesi, oyun oynamak ya da internette gezinmek gibi aktiviteler, beynin sadece marjinal RF-EMF'ye maruz kalmasına neden olmakta ve hafıza performansının gelişimine etki etmemektedir. Çalışmanın sonuçları fikir verici olsa da diğer faktörlerin etkisini dışlamak için daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç olduğu düşünülüyor. Örneğin, çalışma sonuçları ergenlikten etkilenmiş olabilir, zira bu parametre de hem cep telefonu kullanımını hem de katılımcının bilişsel ve davranışsal durumunu etkilemektedir. Referanslar : Foerster M., Thielens A., Joseph W., Eeftens M., Röösli M. A prospective cohort study of adolescents' memory performance and individual brain dose of microwave radiation from wireless communication. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2018 DOI: 10.1289/EHP2427 Geç Yenilen Akşam Yemeği Kanser Riskini Artırıyor 12 Ekim 2018 Yediğimiz gıdalar ve kanser arasındaki bağlantı üzerine daha önce yapılmış olan çalışmalarda, diyet çeşitlerine odaklanılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, günlük yeme eylemini çevreleyen diğer etkenlere ise çok az ilgi gösterildi. Bunlar arasında yiyecek alımının zamanlaması ve insanların yemeklerden önce ve sonra yaptıkları faaliyetler sayılabilir. Son zamanlardaki deneysel çalışmalar, yemek zamanlamasının önemini göstermiş ve gece geç saatlerde yemenin sağlığı olumsuz bir şekilde etkileyebileceğini kanıtlamıştır. International Journel of Cancer dergisinde yayınlanan yeni bir çalışmanın amacı, yemek zamanlamasının dünya çapında en yaygın kanserlerden ikisi olan meme ve prostat kanseri riskiyle ilişkili olup olmadığını değerlendirmekti. Meme ve prostat kanserlerinin, sirkadiyen bozulma ve biyolojik ritimlerin değişmesi ile en fazla ilişkili olan kanser türleri olduğu da bilinmektedir. Çalışma, her bir katılımcının yaşam tarzını ve kronotipini (sabah veya akşam aktivitesi için tercih ile ilişkili bireysel özellikler) değerlendirdi. CIBER Epidemiyoloji ve Halk Sağlığı (CIBERESP) tarafından finanse edilen ve MCC-İspanya projesinin bir parçasını oluşturan çalışma, 621 prostat kanseri ve 1.205 meme kanseri vakasının yanı sıra birinci basamak sağlık merkezlerinden rastgele seçilen 872 erkek ve 1.321 kadın kontrolle yapıldı. İspanya'nın çeşitli bölgelerini temsil eden katılımcılar, yemek zamanlamaları, uyku alışkanlıkları ve kronotipi hakkında görüşülerek, yeme alışkanlıkları ve kanser önleme önerilerine bağlılıklarıyla ilgili bir anketi tamamladılar. Bulgular Erken Akşam Yemeğini Destekliyor Çalışmanın baş yazarı Manolis Kogevinas, “Çalışmamız, diürnal beslenme düzenine bağlılığın daha düşük bir kanser riski ile ilişkili olduğu sonucunu gösteriyor. Bulgular, diyet ve kanser üzerine yapılan çalışmalarda sirkadiyen ritimleri değerlendirmenin önemini vurgulamaktadır" diye belirtti. Elde edilen bulgulara göre erken yenen bir akşam yemeği ya da yemekle yatmadan önce en az iki saat aralık bırakılması, daha düşük meme ve prostat kanseri riski ile ilişkilidir. Özellikle akşam saat 9'dan önce akşam yemeğini yiyen ya da uyumadan önce en az iki saat beklemiş olan kişiler, akşam saat 10'dan sonra akşam yemeği yiyenlere ya da yemekten kısa bir süre sonra yatağa gidenlere kıyasla, bu tür kanserler için yaklaşık % 20 daha düşük riske sahiptirler. Bulgular doğrulanırsa, şu anda yemek zamanlamasını dikkate almayan kanser önleme önerileri için etkileri olacaktır. Bu etki, insanların geç saatlere kadar yemek yediği güney Avrupa gibi kültürlerde özellikle önemli olabilir. Referanslar : Kogevinas M, et al. Effect of mistimed eating patterns on breast and prostate cancer risk (MCC-Spain study). Int J Cancer, 2018 Diyabet, Renal Hücreli Kanser Riskini Artırıyor 12 Ekim 2018 Diabetes Care'de yayınlanan yeni bir araştırmaya göre tip 2 diyabet, bağımsız olarak kadınlarda böbrek hücreli karsinom riskinin artmasıyla ilişkili bulundu. Erkeklerde ise bu riske yönelik anlamlı bir ilişki gözlenmedi. Hemşirelerin Sağlık Çalışmasında (NHS) yer alan 117.570 kadının ve Sağlık Profesyonelleri Takibi Çalışması'nda (HPFS) yer alan 48,866 erkeğin verilerini analiz eden Boston'daki Harvard TH Chan Halk Sağlığı Okulu'nun, Rebecca E. Graff ve meslektaşları, çok değişkenli analizde tip 2 diyabetli kadınların, diyabetik olmayan kadınlarla karşılaştırıldığında, RCC için 1,5 kat artmış risk taşıdığını buldular. 5 yıl veya daha az süredir tip 2 diyabete sahip olan kadınlar, diyabetik olmayan kadınlara kıyasla 2 kat daha fazla RCC riski taşımaktaydı. Araştırmacılar, 5 yıldan uzun süredir tip 2 diyabete sahip olan kadınlarda ise RCC riskinin anlamlı derecede yüksek olmadığını bildirdiler. >Erkeklerde Herhangi Bir Risk Artışı Tespit Edilmedi Erkeklerin verilerini de inceleyen araştırma ekibinin bulgularına göre erkeklerde tip 2 diyabet, RCC riski ile anlamlı bir şekilde ilişkili değildi. NHS çalışmasının katılımcıları 1976’dan itibaren ve HPFS çalışmasının katılımcıları ise 1986'dan itibaren 2014 yılına kadar takip edilmişlerdi. Araştırmacılar, NHS çalışmasında 38 yıllık takip sırasında 120 ölümcül vaka dahil olmak üzere 418 RCC vakasını ve HPFS çalışmasında 28 yıllık takip süresince 302 RCC vakasını doğruladı. Bu çalışma kronik bir otoimmün hastalık olan tip 2 diyabet ile böbrek kanserini ilişkilendiren bu boyutta yapılmış olan ilk çalışma olarak literatürdeki yerini aldı. Çalışmanın bulguları diyabetin erken evrelerinde hastaların RCC riski açısından da takip edilmesi gerektiğini gösteriyor. Referanslar : Graff RE. et al. Type 2 diabetes in relation to the risk of renal cell carcinoma among men and women in two large prospective cohort studies. Diabetes Care. 2018; published online ahead of print. Katı Gıdaya Erken Geçen Bebekler Daha Fazla Uyuyor 11 Ekim 2018 Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, annelere bebeklerini doğumdan sonraki 6 ay boyunca emzirmeyi öneriyor. Ancak, Britanyalı annelerin % 75'i 5 aydan önce katı gıdaya başlıyor ve % 26'sı bebeklerinin gece uyanmalarının bu kararı etkilediğini belirtiyor. Londra’daki King's College ve St George's University araştırmacıları tarafından yapılan bir çalışmada, bebeklerde katı gıdaya erken geçmenin bebek uykusunu etkileyip etkilemediği araştırıldı. Popülasyona dayalı randomize bir klinik çalışma olan “The Enquiring About Tolerance” çalışması, 15 Ocak 2008'den 31 Ağustos 2015'e kadar, İngiltere ve Galler'den sadece anne sütü ile beslenen 1.303 bebeği kapsıyordu. Klinik ziyaretler İngiltere, Londra'daki St Thomas Hastanesinde gerçekleştirildi ve araştırmada, 3 aydan itibaren bebek diyetine katı gıdaların erken girişi incelendi. Ebeveynler, bebekleri 12 aylık olana kadar her ay, sonrasında üç yaşına kadar ise her üç ayda bir çevrimiçi anketleri doldurdular. Anketlerde gıda tüketim sıklığı, emzirme sıklığı ve süresi ile ilgili soruların yanı sıra uyku süresi ile ilgili sorular da yer alıyordu. İngiltere ve Galler'den sadece anne sütü ile beslenen üç aylık 1.303 çocuk iki gruba ayrıldı. Randomizasyon yapıldı ve 2 grup arasında anlamlı bir temel fark yoktu. Birinci grup (SIG), standart bebek beslenme tavsiyesini izledi ve altı ay boyunca emzirmeye teşvik edildi. İkinci grup (EIG), emzirmeye devam ederken, üç aydan itibaren bebeklerinin diyetine katı yiyecekler ekledi. Erken Katı Gıdaya Geçen Bebekler Geceleri Daha Az Uyanıyor Tolerans Araştırması'na kayıtlı 1.303 bebeğin 1.225'i (% 94) 3 yıllık anketi tamamladı (618 SIG ve 607 EIG). Katı gıdaların erken eklenmesinin ardından, EIG'deki bebekler, SIG'deki bebeklere kıyasla önemli ölçüde daha uzun uyudu ve daha az uyandı. 2 grup arasındaki fark 6. ayda en yüksekti. Tedaviye yönelik analizde, EIG'deki bebekler gece boyu 16,6 dakika daha fazla uyudu ve gece uyanma sıklığı, gece başına 2,01'den 1,74’e kadar düştü. Annenin yaşam kalitesi ile anlamlı bir şekilde ilişkili olan çok ciddi uyku problemleri, SIG'de EIG'den anlamlı olarak daha sık bildirildi. Araştırmacılar, anne refahı ile ilgili geri bildirimlerin, anne babaların yaşam kalitesi ile anlamlı bir şekilde ilişkili olan uyku sorunlarının, altı aydan önce katı maddelere geçilen grupta daha az sıklıkla olduğunu gösterdiğini belirtseler de, bebeğin gelişimi açısından ilk altı ay sadece anne sütü ile beslenmenin öneminin altını çizdiler. Referanslar : Michael R. Perkin, Henry T. Bahnson, Kirsty Logan, Tom Marrs, Suzana Radulovic, Joanna Craven, Carsten Flohr, Gideon Lack. Association of Early Introduction of Solids With Infant Sleep. JAMA Pediatrics, 2018; e180739. Kadınlarda Kalp Yetmezliği Nedenli Ölüm Oranları Erkeklerden Daha Yüksek 10 Ekim 2018 Kalp yetmezliği, kadınlarda önemli bir morbidite ve mortalite nedenidir. Kalp yetmezliği, hastalık ve ölümün başlıca nedenidir ve toplam kadın kardiyovasküler ölümlerinin % 35'ini oluşturur. Erkeklerde ve kadınlarda cinsiyet farklılıkları hakkında bilgi eksik olmasına rağmen, son araştırmalar, kalp yetmezliği oranlarının azaldığını göstermektedir. Kanadalı araştırmacılar yaptıkları yeni bir çalışmada, toplum temelli bir kohortta kalp yetmezliği insidansı, mortalite ve hastane yatışındaki cinsiyet farklılıklarını incelediler. Araştırmacılar çalışmalarına, 1 Nisan 2009 ve 31 Mart 2014 tarihleri arasında ayaktan tedavi edilen, kalp yetmezliği tanısı alan tüm Ontario sakinlerini dahil ettiler. Kalp yetmezliği vakaları onaylanmış bir algoritma kullanılarak doktor faturaları ile tespit edildi. Sonuçlar, tanıdan 1 yıl sonra ölüm ve kalp yetmezliği için hastaneye yatış olarak kabul edildi. Ölüm ve hastaneye yatma olasılığı Kaplan – Meier yöntemi kullanılarak hesaplandı. Ölüm tehlikesi çok değişkenli Cox orantısal tehlike modeli kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Çalışma süresince, ayaktan tedavi koşullarında % 47’si kadın toplam 90 707 kalp yetmezliği tanısı kondu. Kadınların yaşlı ve daha kırılgan olma olasılıkları daha yüksekti ve erkeklerden farklı komorbiditeleri vardı. Her iki cinsiyette çalışma döneminde kalp yetmezliği insidansı azaldı. Ölüm oranı her iki cinsiyette de azaldı, ancak kadınlarda erkeklerden daha yüksek kaldı. Kadınların yaş-standartlaştırılmış mortalite oranı, 2009'da 1000 kişi başına 89 ve 2013'te 85, erkeklerin yaş-standartlaştırılmış mortalite oranları 2009’da 88 ve 2013'te 83’tü. Buna karşılık tanı sonrası, kalp yetmezliği tanısıyla hastaneye başvuru oranları erkeklerde azalmış ve kadınlarda artmıştı. Kadınlarda Hastaneye Yatış Oranları Yüksek Yeni kalp yetmezliği vakalarının sayısı 2011 ve 2012 yıllarında en düşüktü ve bir sonraki yıl artmaya başladı. Tanıdan bir yıl sonra takip edilen % 14,9 (7138) erkekle karşılaştırıldığında, % 16,8 (7156) kadın öldü. Çalışma dönemi boyunca, kadınlar için hastaneye yatış oranları erkeklerdeki oranları aştı, 2013 yılında 1000 erkek başına 91 ile karşılaştırıldığında 1000 başına 98 kadın hastaneye kaldırıldı. Araştırmacılar, ayaktan tedavi koşullarında hastalarda genel kalp yetmezliği insidansı ve mortalitesindeki düşüşe rağmen, mortalite oranlarının kadınlarda erkeklere göre daha yüksek olduğunu belirttiler. Kalp yetmezliği için hastaneye yatış oranlarının, kadınlarda artmış ve erkeklerde azalmış olduğunu aktardılar. Daha ileri çalışmalarda, kişiselleştirilmiş bakıma rehberlik sağlamak için tıbbi tedavi ve tedaviye yanıtta cinsiyet farklılıkları üzerine odaklanılması gerekliliğini vurguladılar. Referanslar : Louise Y. Sun, Jack V. Tu, Thais Coutinho, Michele Turek, Fraser D. Rubens, Lisa McDonnell, Heather Tulloch, Anan Bader Eddeen and Lisa M. Mielniczuk. Sex differences in outcomes of heart failure in an ambulatory, population-based cohort from 2009 to 2013. CMAJ, 2018. 听说《红海行动》的打戏很诱人,兼有极为逼真的断臂残肢,便按捺不住走进影院。电影开始,就一直紧张地盯着银幕,生怕错过看到硝烟枪炮下脆弱的人类躯体的碎片。 于是看到了汽车炸弹引爆后的灰烬将本是鲜红的血染成灰黑,看到了某种火炮武器以比吕雉百倍的高效做出一只又一只只能在灰暗血泊中苟延残喘的人彘,看到了迫击炮侵袭过的中巴车上脏器的碎片和血块将车内涂成一片暗红,类似香肠的物体挂在车顶。 明明隔着屏幕,浓郁腥臭的味道却几乎扑鼻而来。以种种血流漂橹的场面,不用苍白无力的反战和平言辞,只把混乱局势的残忍刻画,便体会到和平安定的可贵。激烈的打戏足够过
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با اشاره به ساخت کمپ تیم ملی فوتبال ساحلی در بوشهر گفت: در حال رایزنی برای ایجاد کمپ تیم های ملی فوتبال ساحلی در بوشهر، جزیره کیش و منطقه آزاد انزلی هستیم. قصد داریم از تمام پتانسیل های کشور استفاده کنیم. لازم به شرح است، تیم ملی فوتبال ساحلی کشورمان خود را برای مسابقات جام بین قاره ای 2021 - امارات آماده می نماید و ساحلی بازان کشورمان در گروه B با تیم های روسیه، ژاپن و پاراگوئه همگروه است. این مسابقات از 11 تا 15 آبان ماه در امارات برگزار می گردد.منبع: خبرگزاری مهر Another way to add CSS to our web pages is by using Internal CSS styling. Basically, we are going to write our CSS, in the HTML files, but inside an <style> element in the head. If it confuses you, don’t worry, we are going to take an example. Let’s consider an example, where we are going to style div element, but this time, we are not going to make use of the style attribute, instead, we will be writing our CSS within the <style> element, in the head section. This time, we are going to have multiple divs and we are going to style them all, just specifying the styles once in CSS. Let’s have a look – So, as you can see in the above example, we have written the CSS into the style element inside the head. We just told that wherever the div is found on this page, apply the following styles to it. Here, just we are making its color red, and putting it in the center. You can write the code, and observe the output as well. Let’s have a look at the output as well – As you can see in the output, we got all the divs styled as required like we got the text color as red, and we also got the text at the center. So, we can make use of the internal styling as and when required. Now, let’s head to learn about another way, which is the external CSS. March 14, 2014 Last month, Coca-Cola aired its now-famous Super Bowl ad depicting people from various racial, ethnic, and cultural groups singing “America the Beautiful” together in different languages. Among the instant outpouring of polarized reactions to this ad rang much praise for its depiction of a multicultural America. Yet the ad provoked a slew of negative responses as well. Many of the ad’s detractors questioned whether this multicultural America could ever feel as cohesive as an America whose citizens speak a common language, and therefore have taken great strides toward assimilating into a common culture. Arts and culture institutions have recognized the need to attract more racially and culturally diverse audiences for decades. Recently, Roberto Bedoya, head of the Tucson Pima Arts Council, challenged several museums professionals to think about how the White Racial Frame intersects with cultural policies and practices. These bloggers recognized the need for museums to create visitor experiences that are shaped by, and represent, people and perspectives from diverse backgrounds and cultures. Yet, these sentiments have also raised concerns much like the skeptical reactions evoked by that now-infamous Coca-Cola ad. Cultural critic Edward Rothstein has expressed concerns that museums’ quests to affirm experiences of particular groups can draw focus away from a more universalist vision of art or history. And, in his recent blog post addressing the complex issues surrounding race and arts policy, Ian David Moss cautioned that calling attention to race might serve to exacerbate racial tensions. However, research on social behavior outside the museum context can help allay these concerns. Recognizing and celebrating cultural differences has actually been shown to help foster positive interracial relations between individuals and improve racial equity in society as a whole. In his thought-provoking blog post, Ian David Moss referenced a 60 Minutes interview during which Morgan Freeman famously called Black History Month “ridiculous.” Freeman’s point was that calling attention to race prohibits us from truly seeing each other as individuals. In a similar spirit, terms such as “post-racial society” are often used to suggest that in an ideal society, race is irrelevant or ignored. On the surface, this colorblind ideology may seem like an admirable effort to get past interracial tensions and focus on our common humanity. But the goal of ignoring or downplaying racial differences is problematic in a few ways. In a colorblind society, the dominant group inevitably defines the common culture. As Stephen Colbert facetiously quips, “I don’t see race; I just pretend everybody’s white, and it’s all good.” Colorblind ideals ultimately disregard the unique perspectives, needs, and assets of people of color; allow white individuals to ignore or downplay racial inequities; and send a message that belonging to a race other than white is somehow bad or shameful. A racially equitable society doesn’t have to be colorblind. We can instead envision a multicultural society that celebrates racial and ethnic differences, recognizing that each tradition has something valuable to offer. The problem is not that race exists; the problem is racial stereotyping, prejudice, and differential privileges conferred upon some groups over others. A multicultural ideology emphasizes the goal of doing away with racial inequities without ignoring race altogether. Plenty of evidence from the social sciences suggests that multicultural, rather than colorblind, ideologies promote racial equity between individuals, within organizations, and in society as a whole. Sociological survey and interview research across a diverse national sample shows that colorblind perspectives actually serve to maintain, rather than undo, racial stratification. And, a recent field study found that in workplaces where white employees espouse multiculturalism, rather than colorblindness, minority employees experience less racial bias and feel more engaged in their work. Multicultural perspectives can reduce racial tensions on an interpersonal level as well. White individuals who endorse multiculturalism show less prejudice against racial minorities, compared to those who endorse colorblindness. Surprisingly, simply thinking about multiculturalism is enough to reduce racial bias. White research participants show less racial bias after reading a passage that endorses multiculturalism, compared to a different group who read a passage endorsing colorblindness. And, perhaps most importantly, interacting with a white individual who holds colorblind, rather than multicultural, ideals elicits stress among racial and ethnic minorities—enough stress to decrease their performance on a cognitively demanding brain-teaser. Taken together, these studies show that trying to ignore race puts a strain on interracial interactions that is felt by whites and minorities alike. Instead, seeing the world as the multicultural place it is diminishes these tensions and provides a framework for more open, positive, communication. And even subtle nudges toward a multicultural mindset—in these studies, simply reading a paragraph or two—can make measurable strides toward reducing racial tensions. In other words, we can all work towards, and succeed at, adopting a multicultural perspective. What does all of this mean for arts and culture organizations? Rather than adopting a colorblind ideology by default, it is important for arts organizations to examine their ideals regarding racial and ethnic diversity and be deliberate about thinking, acting, and communicating with a multicultural mindset. For example, one important step toward connecting with diverse audiences may be for arts organizations to change their internal culture in ways such as hiring staff and board members with strong ties to underrepresented communities. But it is also imperative that these organizations hold, and communicate, multicultural ideals so that minority staff members feel engaged and empowered to make the changes needed to reach out to their communities. In terms of programming, targeted efforts to appeal to more diverse audiences should be undertaken in the spirit of creating a multifaceted experience that feels inclusive to everyone, rather than expecting all visitors to appreciate the same artwork or adopt the same Eurocentric ways of experiencing art. Creating arts and culture experiences that are inclusive to all requires a genuine recognition of and celebration of our diverse cultural landscape; in many ways, idealizing a colorblind society ultimately stands in the way of achieving this goal. Full Post » Alarm sistemleri satıcısı olan Thomas Gardesse işlediği bir dizi suçtan ötürü 6 ay hapis cezasına çarptırılır. Hapishanede prestij kazanmak için ünlü hırsız The Marquis olduğunu iddia eden Gardesse, tahliyesine iki hafta kala başka bir hırsız olan Quentin Tasseau tarafından hapisten kaçırılır ve Manila’ya götürülür. Tasseau’nun amacı, The Marquis ile güçlerini birleştirerek müthiş bir soygun yapmaktır ama hesaplayamadığı tek şey Gardesse’in bir hırsız olmadığıdır. This calculus manual, written for Mathematica 4.1 for the Macintosh, is meant to be used as a supplement to a regular calculus text. Topics are covered in a way that parallels the sequence in a typical calculus course. By focusing complete attention on an issue of calculus rather than on the computation, the text shows how Mathematica can be used to gain a deeper understanding of calculus. Some Preliminaries | Basic Mathematica | Basic Integration | Applications of Integration | The Transcendental Functions | Techniques of Integration | Sequences and Series | Plane Curves and Polar Coordinates | Vectors and Analytic Geometry | Vector-Valued Functions | Multivariate Differential Calculus | Multiple Integration Calculus and Analysis 2002年,纽约市一家最负盛名的餐厅为4名华尔街的交易师开了一瓶店里最贵的葡萄酒:1989年木桐酒庄价值2000美元的葡萄酒。 侍者倒好酒后,做东的主人,自称是葡萄酒品鉴大师,轻轻摇晃酒杯,轻啜一口,“赞,果然一分钱一分货”。 但是,其实当时侍者开的是仅18美元的黑皮诺——酒店误把相邻两桌的酒拿混了...... 所以这个故事是为了讽刺虚伪的装X犯?但,其实越来越多关于品酒心理学和神经科学的研究表明,这样的错误是普遍的。 首个在现实品酒环节中直接谎报价位的实验发现,若告知参与者杯中酒非常昂贵时,它似乎就真的更好喝了。 该实验是在瑞士巴塞尔大学的一次公共活动中进行的。为了娱乐参观者,心理学系善意地贡献了品酒环节。 活动全天吸引了140名参与者,其中有15分钟的品酒环节。每次品酒,参与者都有张自己的小桌子,并被告知不要与其他人交流,以免受到环境的影响。 每张桌子上放了6小杯酒,参观者以完全随机的顺序挨个品尝。每喝一口后,品鉴者需用清水漱口,并给出评价。 3个杯子有3种不同的葡萄酒,并无价格信息。另外的酒杯则装着低、中、高三种不同档次的葡萄酒,酒杯上贴着价格标签。 显而易见,标签里有一个或两个是伪造的。 当隐藏价格时,研究人员发现无论实际价格多少,品酒者的愉悦度评分都没有差别。 另一方面,当给出虚高的价格时,参与者的愉悦度评分升高。例如,把实际上的低档次酒标为最高价格时,参与者往往认为它比高档酒更好喝。 因此,在葡萄酒中可能蕴含着客观的价值,但其主观体验可能在于价格。作者总结道。 简而言之,虽然昂贵的葡萄酒的味道强度可能存在明显差别,但似乎饮酒带来的愉悦感并不总是与质量相符。 2008年,研究人员利用功能核磁共振成像技术扫描品酒者,他们也品尝了贴有欺骗性标签的葡萄酒。据报道,当葡萄酒的价格增加时,参与者的主观体验确实更佳。 2017年,后续研究证实了上面的结果。 更重要的是,欺骗性的定价增加了大脑内侧轨道前额叶皮层的活动,该皮层可以提供愉悦感。 2017年,德国波恩大学的行为经济学家Bernd Weber说:奖励和动机系统在价格较高的情况下被更显著地激活,显然会以这种方式增加味觉体验。 回到最开始,2002年,几位交易师正推杯换盏,享受昂贵的葡萄酒。在酒店老板亲自到他们桌前道歉之前,他们正开心地品着美酒,体验显然被葡萄酒的价格所强化。 另一方面,邻座一对年轻夫妇点了一瓶18美元的葡萄酒,但是他们并未发觉那是价值2000美元的名酒。因为是店方失误,所以2000美元的酒水费用算老板的。 当晚双方都很开心地离开了,不过小夫妻显然更加开心。老板去年在Instagram上回忆道。 有时候,当你不知道时,生活会更甜蜜。 该研究发表在《食品质量和偏好》上。 https://www.sciencealert.com/psychologists-find-cheap-wine-tastes-better-when-it-s-sold-as-expensive 俄罗斯星期天为纪念二次大战卫国战争胜利65周年举行阅兵仪式。这是前苏联解体后举行的最盛大的阅兵仪式。北约国家英国、法国、波兰和美国的军队首次参加红场阅兵。俄罗斯总统梅德韦杰夫说,“65年前,纳粹被打败,灭绝全人类的机器被停止。”数十个国家的领导人出席阅兵式,其中包括德国总理默克尔和中国国家主席胡锦涛。1万多名俄罗斯军人走过红场著名的鹅卵石道。卫国战争胜利日是俄罗斯最重要的公共节日之一。国防部长谢尔久科夫说,今年的纪念仪式盛况空前。全国有10万零2千名军人在各个城市进行阅兵。 Copy and paste the embed code below. The code changes based on your selection. The code has been copied to your clipboard. Video size https://www.voachinese.com/a/4159442.html 1st law of thermodynamics It states, energy can neither be created nor be destroyed. The total energy of universe remains constant. E2 = E1 + q + w E2 – E1 = q = w ∆E = q + w is mathematical statement of 1st law of thermodynamics ‘q’ is not a state function, w is not a state function but q + w = ∆E is a state function. a). For isothermal process: ∆E = 0, q = – w, i.e., heat absorbed by system is equal to work by the system. b). For isochoric process: ∆V = 0, w = p ∆V = 0, ∆E = q", i.e., change in internal energy is e to heat exchanged with the surroundings at constant volume. c). For adiabatic process: q = 0, ∆E = w, i.e., internal energy change is equal to work done on the system. Dolphin’s are playful, affectionate, curious, intelligent, social, vocal and enjoy sex — especially after a big meal. Are they the creatures humans would have been had we not left the water? Dolphin’s are aquatic, top-predator, mammals classified as a type of whale or cetacean. There are two types of cetaceans. Balean whales filter massive amounts of small oceanic organisms like krill with comb-like sieves in their mouths. Toothed whales, on the other hand, grab prey with their teeth. Dolphins and their mistaken twin, the porpoise, are a type of toothed whale. There are about 70 kinds of toothed whales of which there are about 45 species of dolphins, porpoises and false whales, like killer whales or orcas. Dolphins are miraculously adapted to murky rivers, as in the Amazon River dolphin or boto, shallow coasts like Hector’s dolphins of New Zealand, or in groups of 10,000 bottlenose dolphins roaming the open oceans. Like humans, dolphins are exceptionally tactile creatures and their skin conveys different levels of information or signals to each animal. Excellent sight enables them to see in the dark. Dolphin’s range of hearing is 10 times that of humans. Each animal has its own signature whistle, which is used
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modern bicycle pump, although filling an air gun reservoir would have required a great deal more work than that. Approximately 2000 strokes, or more than 30 minutes of nonstop manual labor, would have been required to charge the reservoir of a Girardoni to the maximum working pressure of as much as 1,000 pounds per square inch. With thanks for information and advice provided by Geoffrey Baker, William K. Brunot, and Michael Carrick. Animations by Bob Gilman; directed by David E. Nelson. --Joseph Mussulman; David E. Nelson, technical advisor, 11/03 1. Geoffrey Baker and Colin Currie, The Construction and Operation of the Air Gun, Vol. 1, The Austrian Army Repeating Air Rifle (London, England: Privately Published, 2002). Funded in part by a grant from the NPS Challenge-Cost-Share Program. From tiny New Jersey Shore bungalows to Manhattan high-rises, properties were caught unprepared for the might of Superstorm Sandy. Now architects are grappling with the stark reality that many structures were not designed to withstand a changing climate. As the rebuilding process begins, so do complicated discussions about how to adapt existing buildings. The growing consensus is that they, too, must change with the climate. “There is an overwhelming sense that we have to do something different. We were caught flat-footed, and we can’t have that happen again,” says Russell Unger, executive director of the Urban Green Council (UGC). Two weeks after the storm, New York City tapped UGC to lead a Building Resiliency Task Force. The first job is to compile a list of about 100 members from the building community, including property owners and managers, cost experts, engineers, and designers. Then findings and recommendations for adapting buildings will be released this summer. In the meantime, the examples of success may serve as a template for how to rethink design in an era of unprecedented weather. Some properties directly in Sandy’s path fared well, like the Goldman Sachs building in Battery Park City, which braced for the storm with sandbags. “What we need to do now is forensic: Go back and look at what worked and what didn’t,” says Rafael Pelli, a Manhattan architect who designed the Solaire and the Visionare, two Battery Park City developments that remained dry largely because the neighborhood had been designed with higher street levels in anticipation of potential storm surges. The streets flooded, but buildings did not, for the most part. There are clues in the failures as well. One New York Plaza, at the southernmost tip of Manhattan, has three subterranean floors that flooded almost completely. Although office tenants have returned, ground-floor retail requires a gut renovation. Brookfield Properties, which owns the building, points to city codes requiring fuel to be stored below grade as part of the problem: Without fuel for generators, pumping water out is difficult. “We need to think more about how we deal with flooding in such a highly dense and populated area with so much real estate,” says Brookfield spokesperson Matthew Cherry. But buildings don’t exist in a vacuum, and the solutions individual properties choose to implement will also be determined by post-Sandy codes that municipalities enact, and the infrastructure investments that New York and New Jersey make—such as in seawalls, storm-surge barriers, engineered sand dunes, and improvements to the electrical grid. Florida, for example, enacted strict new building codes, addressing items such as windows and generators, after Hurricane Andrew devastated the region in 1992. “You can’t just put blinders on and think about what has to be done at the level of building without thinking about what can be done on a larger scale,” says Pelli. Short-term solutions are also on the table, such as setting aside an emergency-supply room to store critical spare parts for equipment that might get damaged. Property owners could move electrical panels higher and modify them so emergency equipment could be added during a storm. Ductwork could be moved higher, and louvers could be repositioned above windowsills so they don’t act like hoses, funneling water into mechanical rooms, as happened during Sandy. For many, Sandy’s biggest punch was the weeks-long power outage. Without power, sump pumps failed and high-rises were unable to deliver basic services like heat and domestic water. Engineering firms have been inundated with requests for generators. But a generator is no guaranteed lifeline if the fuel source is compromised. The answer may be installing a cogeneration system to reduce dependency on the grid, or rethinking how the grid is organized so a small collection of neighboring properties could share power in a microgrid. Ideas that once seemed overwhelming and cost-prohibitive may actually take hold now that many properties have no choice but to overhaul their infrastructure as they begin to rebuild. “You get a clean piece of paper? Not often,” says Edward Brzezowski, a mechanical engineer with the Falcon Group. “Now we have the opportunity to stand back and say, ‘Maybe I can do something better.’ ” This is the final installment in a four part series, written by Arely Zimmerman and Sangita Shreshtova from the USC Civic Paths Project, concerning the young activists who are supporting the Dream Act. This research was funded by the MacArthur Foundation and is part of the work of the Youth and Participatory Politics Network. New Media and Movements Dreamer youth have also used new media to grow their movement on a national scale. Between 2009-2010, youth organized many protest, including sit-ins at Congressional offices, hunger strikes, marches, and symbolic graduations. They used new media to exponentially amplify their voices through sophisticated and strategic use of live streams, blogs, user generated video portals and social media like Facebook and Twitter. For example, in June 2009, the founders of Dreamactivist.org, and United We Dream, organized 500 youth to participate in the National DREAM Act Graduation in Washington DC. This protest combined a symbolic ceremony with legislative lobbying (Behary 2009). On the same day, solidarity graduations took place in Arizona, California, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Montana, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, and Texas (Dream Activist 2009). In another widely publicized campaign, on January 1, 2010, four undocumented youth from Miami Dade College began a 4-month, 1500-mile-trek to Washington, DC to advocate for the DREAM Act. In what they aptly called the “Trail of DREAMs,” the youth documented and mobilized support for their their walk through blogging, Facebook, YouTube, and twitter. Along their journey, they gathered 30,000 signatures to bring to President Obama. Watch the trail of dreams video here: Despite all these efforts, the DREAM Act has yet to pass, and undocumented youth continue to be deported. In the face of this continuing crisis, the youth have used a combination of direct action and media activism to highlight (and render visible) detentions and deportations, which have generally received little public attention (Kohli 2011). They have staged rallies and sit-ins at detention centers, ICE offices, and have even targeted banks that invest in private prisons to directly confront the institutions invested in the immigrant detention and deportation system (Foley 2011). Grass roots new media messaging campaigns have been crucial to these action as youth use Facebook, Twitter, and microblogging to share the stories of, and garner support for, those detained and fighting deportation. The story of Matias Ramos, , an undocumented youth and co-founder of United We Dream, is a powerful example of such mobilization. On the morning that an electronic monitoring device was placed on his ankle, Matias Ramos posted a photo of himself on Twitter and announced that he had been given two weeks to leave the country (Berenstein 2011). Ramos and his supporters were able to gain high visibility for his case, to the point where it was even called a “high profile challenge to the White House’s new deportation guidelines.” Stories like these are transmitted through many overlapping social media networks connecting campus organizations, community groups, sympathetic media and allies, providing links to petitions and online donations. Nancy Meza is a key media strategist for the END our Pain campaign. At DREAMing Out Loud! she discussed the importance of combining both new media and traditional media strategies to shape the movement messaging. To Nancy, social media is a space where “we can ‘freely’ express ourselves, push our messaging forward... in terms of Twitter and Facebook.” At the same time, Nancy stressed the need to complement new and more traditional media as she continued: “Our organization doesn’t even own a camera...With whatever resources we have...I have a blackberry on a month to month plan...So I think for us, it’s really been about how we use traditional media and how we mix it in”. New media has allowed for youth to shape their message in a more democratic and participatory fashion. They are, however, increasingly conscious of the need to be strategic about its use. For example, Nancy explained that a lot of effort goes into coming up with a Twitter hashtag for an event. Is it accurate? Is it catchy? Will it travel? Often, Twitter is a good way to catch the attention of more traditional media, she explained. To her, the key is arriving at the happy medium between locally constructed messaging and coordinating a coherent frame that can translate to major media outlets. At the heart of the event were the stories that the panelists shared and accounts of how stories inspired activism. Pocho 1, a internationally recognized photographer, recalled how photography shaped his activism and his reformation from a gang member to a social activist: “I started telling stories...I wanted to tell their story...I started hanging out with artists...I picked up a camera...I went crazy with it...shoot it everyday... tell people’s stories”. Now Pocho 1 documents the Dream movement, using his camera and social media as a form of social commentary and Out Loud! provided many insights into how young people use new media to participate and mobilize in their communities. In many ways, the event highlighted the great democratizing potential that new media has, especially when it can be used to provide a platform to amplify the voices of Behary, Samya. “Students storm Capitol Hill for National Dream Act Graduation Day,” Immigration Impact, June 25, 2009. Berestein, Leslie Rojas. “A High-Profile Challenge to the White House New Deportation Guidelines,” MultiAmerican, September 21, 2011, multiamerican.scpr.org/2011/09/a-high-profile-challenge-to-the-white-houses-new-deportation-policy. DREAM Activist, “DREAM for America: National DREAM Act Graduation Day – June 23, 2009,” press release, June 21, 2009 Foley, Elise. “Immigrants to Wells Fargo: Stop investing in For-Profit Detention,” The Huffington Post, October 17, 2011. Kohli, Aarti Peter l. Markowitz, and Lisa Chavez, “Secure Communities by the Numbers: An Analysis of Demographics and Due process,” Chief Justice Earl Warren Institute on Law and Social Policy Research Report, October, 2011. Chores...oh, how they have changed since the Pilgrims sailed on the Mayflower. Pilgrim children had responsibilities just like children do now. I wonder if pilgrim children complained about their chores like my kids do?? Anyway, in Kindergarten students are to understand the similarities and differences between people. Things like their religion, food, laws, clothing, and lifestyle. Help your learners see how children live differently now than the Pilgrim children did. Find out a little about Pilgrim Children’s chores! I first start out by reading one of the books below. These books do a great job of describing the life of pilgrims in history. We always have great discussions on how our life is different from theirs. I got a lot of “They had to do that??!” and “Man, that must have been awful!”. Then, I put kids into groups to work together to sort the pictures onto the correct mat. Next, they write about a chore the Pilgrims did and a chore they do now (using the cards or thinking on their own). We then discussed why we have different chores now and how technology has changed the way we live. 本篇目录: - 1、炔雌醇环丙孕酮片吃完一盒要不要停几天 - 2、炔雌醇环丙孕酮片这用来调经的药应该如何服用? - 3、调血脂药物的作用机理是什么??? - 4、甘油三酯升高除了不能多吃油炸食品,连馒头米饭都不能多吃吗? - 5、炔雌醇环丙孕酮片同房前吃还是后吃 - 6、盐酸环丙沙星片是什么药?饭前吃还是饭后吃? 炔雌醇环丙孕酮片吃完一盒要不要停几天 1、问题分析: 你好,炔雌醇环丙孕酮片是短效避孕药不仅仅是有避孕的作用也有调理月经的作用,对于多囊卵巢综合症也有治疗作用。 意见建议: 要按照说明书严格服用,停药一周后就开始服用,有月经也不影响服用。 2、连服 21 天。停药 7 天后开始下一盒药,其间通常发生撤退性出血。通常在该周期最后一片药服完后 2-3 天开始出血,而在开始下一盒药时出血可能尚未结束。 3、每日1片,连服21天。停药7天后开始下一盒药,其间通常发生撤退性出血。通常在该周期最后一片药服完后2-3天开始出血,而在开始下一盒药时出血可能尚未结束。 炔雌醇环丙孕酮片用于避孕时,可以长期服用,按照自身需要停药。 4、炔雌醇环丙孕酮片每日1片,连服21天。停药7天后开始下一盒药,其间通常发生撤退性出血。通常在该周期最后1片药服完后2-3天开始出血,而在开始下一盒药时出血尚未结束。这样才能够最大程度发挥药效,达到治疗效果。 炔雌醇环丙孕酮片这用来调经的药应该如何服用? 如果原来使用的是阴道环或透皮贴剂,妇女应该最好在其取出后当天服用炔雌醇环丙孕酮片,最晚应该在下次使用开始前服用本品。 如何服用炔雌醇环丙孕酮片必须按照包装所指方向每天约在同一时间用少量液体送服。每日1片,连服21天。停药7天后开始下一盒药,其间通常发生撤退性出血。 先吃 黄体酮 ,停药后来月经,月经 第五天 开始吃 炔雌醇环丙孕酮片 。 调血脂药物的作用机理是什么??? 通过负反馈调节导致肝细胞表面LDL受体表达增加或活性增强,摄取LDL增多使血浆LDL降低;加之肝合成及释放VLDL减少,终致血浆中LDL和VLDL减少。 目前临床上使用的调血脂药物,一方面是通过减少极低密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白,来调节高血脂;另一方面通过影响胆固醇和甘油三酯的代谢,来治疗高血脂。 解析:本题考查他汀类调血脂药的作用机制。他汀类调节血脂药物的主要作用机制是抑制体内胆固醇的合成酶即HMG—CoA还原酶,从而限制胆固醇的合成,并能增加肝脏LDL受体合成。因此本题答案为C。 【答案】:A 本题考查他汀类药物降血脂作用机制。他汀类是羟甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A(HMG-CoA)还原酵抑制剂,具有明显的调血脂作用,主要降低LDL和TC,降TG作用很小,而HDL略有升高。故答案为A。 (1)羟甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A(HMG-CoA)还原酶抑制药,又称他汀类药。此类药物通过抑制该酶减少细胞内游离胆固醇,主要适用于高胆固醇血症,对轻、中度高甘油三酯血症也有一定疗效,如洛伐他汀。 冠心病病人需在密切监测下长期且终身用药,不能吃吃停停,若怀疑有副作用时需立马就医。温馨提示 对于胆固醇正常,甘油三酯严重偏高的人,仅仅用
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supply to increase faster than demand and leaving farmers to face long periods of low prices. The recent drought has reminded us that issue one is still in play. But what about issue two? Over the long-run will supply out-pace demand in the years ahead, as it has typically done for centuries? In recent columns, we have described developments that suggest that despite this year’s massive drought in the U.S. and maybe as a consequence of the resulting high prices, crop agriculture may once again face long periods of low prices. But some other analysts see the future differently. In a paper delivered at a Farm Science Review on September 18, 2012, in Ohio, one of our ag econ colleagues, Luther Tweeten, argued that “the era of falling real prices of food is over.” Tweeten wrote, “two ‘megatrends’ are underway, one on the food supply side and another on the food demand side.” Tweeten begins by looking at food supply, writing that “U.S. excess production capacity totaled 6 percent in 1962 and averaged near that proportion throughout the 1960s. In sharp contrast, excess production capacity in U.S. agriculture today is near zero.” While seeing the 2012 drought as “transitory,” he says if global warming is underway, we may see “unusual weather events such as storms and drought.” In a New Zealand first, breweries Lion and DB will add nutritional information panels to beer bottles, cans and packaging. These labels will give consumers information about the sugar, calories, dietary fibre, protein and carbohydrate content of their beers. Throughout the year 450 million nutritional labels will be rolled out onto packaging on a wide range of beers including Steinlager, Macs, Speights, Tui and Monteiths. It's the first step of a Brewers Association promotion campaign called 'Beer the Beautiful Truth' that aims to "bust myths and communicate nutritional facts about beer". Brewers Association external relations director Kevin Sinnott said while DB and Lion are on board so far, they welcome other New Zealand breweries to join the campaign. He says the initiative will help keep consumers informed about beer. "Beer gets a bad rap at times, often due to misconceptions around what's in it. "With nutrition information panels, everything is out in the open. And we think people might be pleasantly surprised by the beautiful truth about beer." A press release from the campaign was keen to push the fact that beer is low sugar. "Most people don't know that most beer is 99 percent sugar free. Malted barley is one of the key ingredients in beer, and in the brewing process the starch from malted barley is converted into sugar. This sugar, or sugar from any other ingredient such as wheat, other grains, or natural cane sugar, is then converted into alcohol by the yeast during the fermentation process. As a result, the finished beer is very low in sugar." Janet Weber, senior lecturer at Massey University's institute of food and science, said that focussing on low sugar is "very misleading to the consumer". "Obviously they've chosen to focus on the sugar, it's the buzz thing now isn't it - everyone wants sugar free. But they're sort of ignoring the fact that alcohol provides quite a lot of kilojoules." Ms Weber says it's important for people to think about the total kiloujoules in what they are drinking, in addition to the food they're eating. "Alcohol itself contributes more kiloujoules per gram than sugar does." She says "it seems a bit unusual" that nutrition labels weren't listed on beers already, but thinks the labels will be useful for people to compare across brands. "Alcohol is very important to our society but it is not actually safe at the levels we drink. We can't make it healthy by saying it's low in sugar". All the nutritional information included on participating beers is also available to view on the website beerthebeautifultruth.co.nz. 编辑点评:一部鲜活的世界史,1850—1960 《时间的色彩》用图文并茂的形式讲述了1850-1960年的世界史,从拿破仑三世和维多利亚女王的统治以及美国内战,一直讲到核武器试验、古巴导弹危机和航天时代的开始。 内容简介 《时间的色彩》用图文并茂的形式讲述了1850-1960年的世界史,从拿破仑三世和维多利亚女王的统治以及美国内战,一直讲到核武器试验、古巴导弹危机和航天时代的开始。在黑白照片基础上用数字技术还原而成的彩色照片,生动记录了帝国的兴衰沉浮,科学、工业与艺术的日新月异,战争的悲剧与和平时期的政治,以及缔造历史的男男女女的故事。 本书亦是合作的成果。巴西艺术家玛丽娜?阿马拉尔用数字技术为1850-1950年世界历史相关的黑白老照片上色,创作了约200幅效果惊人的影像,之后英国历史学家丹?琼斯娓娓道来,将每一幅照片置于其历史背景之内,用契合图片所示内容的简明通俗的文字,为我们今天生活的世界编织出一部鲜活的精彩历史。《时间的色彩》融合了令人惊艳的图像和精心措辞的叙述,为读者提供独特的(且往往是美丽的)视角去观察历史。 作者简介 丹·琼斯(Dan Jones) 历史学家、广播节目主持人和获奖记者,著有畅销书《血夏》《金雀花王朝》《空王冠》《大宪章》和《圣殿骑士团》等。他撰写并主持Channel 5/Netflix 播出的系列节目《英国城堡的秘密》。他目前生活在萨里郡。 玛丽娜·阿马拉尔(Marina Amaral) 颇有天赋的巴西艺术家,专长是为历史老照片上色。她自学成才,通过广泛的历史研究来确定如何给黑白照片上色。 时间的色彩pdf预览 目录 引言 1850年代 帝国争雄 1860年代 奋起反抗 1870年代 风雨飘摇 1880年代 创造奇迹 1890年代 世纪黄昏 1900年代 黑暗黎明 1910年代 战争与革命 1920年代 咆哮年代 1930年代 战争之路 1940年代 毁灭与救赎 1950年代 风云变幻 译名对照表 1850年代 帝国争雄 1850年 4月 从1848年起一直在流亡的教宗庇护九世在法国军队的护送下返 回罗马。5月 一头名叫欧贝施的河马被送到伦敦动物园。它是埃及捕获并赠 给英国的礼物。 9月 美国国会达成“1850年妥协”,试图借此防止不断扩张的美国境 内自由州与蓄奴州发生冲突。 1851年 1月 太平天国运动在金田爆发,洪秀全领导的太平天国开始与清政 府对抗。5月 万国工业博览会在伦敦海德公园的水晶宫开幕。 6月 路易·达盖尔去世。他是摄影技术的先驱和推广者。 1852年 3月 查尔斯·狄更斯的小说《荒凉山庄》开始连载。 12月 夏尔-路易-拿破仑·波拿巴推翻法兰西第二共和国,自立为法 国皇帝,称拿破仑三世。 1853年 6月 乔治-欧仁·奥斯曼奉命开启激进的巴黎重建工程。 7月 美国海军准将马修·C.佩里率领美国炮舰威吓日本,签订了美日 之间的通商条约。 10月 克里米亚战争爆发。奥斯曼帝国向俄国宣战。英法支持奥斯 曼帝国,后来还派遣远征军直接参战。 1854年 5月 《堪萨斯-内布拉斯加法案》建立了美国的堪萨斯和内布拉斯加 领地,引发奴隶制支持者与反对者之间的长期暴力冲突,即所谓的“血 溅堪萨斯”。 9月 约翰·斯诺追踪伦敦霍乱疫情,发现它的起源是一台水泵,这证 明霍乱能通过水传播。 10月 在克里米亚战争的巴拉克拉瓦战役中,发生“轻骑兵冲锋”事 件。1855年 3月 罗杰·芬顿带着他的照相马车抵达克里米亚半岛,记录正在进行 的战争。3月 俄国沙皇尼古拉一世驾崩,其长子亚历山大继位。 9月 英法联军占领塞瓦斯托波尔。 1856年 3月 喜马拉雅山脉的第十五峰被测量判定为世界第一高峰。它后来 被更名为珠穆朗玛峰(西方称埃佛勒斯峰)。 3月 《巴黎条约》签订,克里米亚战争结束。 10月 第二次鸦片战争爆发,清朝军队与英法联军对抗。 1857年 5月 驻扎在德里附近的东印度公司军队中的印度兵掀起反叛,印度 兵变爆发。武装冲突持续了一年多。 9月 纽约的金融恐慌迫使城内各大银行停业,美国全境的铁路公司 停业。12月 维多利亚女王指定渥太华为加拿大省首府。 1858年 1月 费利切·奥尔西尼用炸弹行刺拿破仑三世。奥尔西尼后来被送上 断头台。8月 《印度政府法案》通过,结束了东印度公司对印度的统治,将 权力移交给英国政府。 8月 美国总统詹姆斯·布坎南通过跨大西洋的电报系统与维多利亚女 王交换消息。不久之后该电报电缆发生故障。 1859年 4月 苏伊士运河开始施工。 8月 “大东方”号首航。它是当时世界上最大的船只,设计者是伊桑 巴德·金德姆·布鲁内尔。 11月 查尔斯·达尔文出版《物种起源》,提出自然选择驱动的进化 论。 使用下列条件选择表款 双重盛事莅临上海,总裁马克 A. 海耶克(Marc A. Hayek)将亲自前来担任庆典主持。 “机器人探索之旅”(Robot. The Human Project)展览将展出皮埃尔·雅克德罗(Pierre Jaquet-Droz)在250年前制作的自动玩偶作品。 全新腕表每款限量发行28枚,演绎高级镂空腕表的前卫动感活力 责任珠宝业委员会(Responsible Jewellery Council)旨在实现覆盖全球范围的负责任供应链,目前雅克德罗已获得该委员会认证。 You wish to be informed of the latest news ? Hiç facebook 20. yüzyılın ilk yarısında olsa idi nasıl olurdu düşündünüz mü? Düşünmediyseniz ve merak ediyorsanız yukarıdaki ince uzun resime tıklayarak görebilirsiniz. ;) Nazi almanyası ile Sovyetlerin bir zamanlar nasıl yakın ilişkiler kurduğunu sonra bunların nasıl bozulduğunu, güneşli bir günde Japonların neler yaptığını kendiniz görün. :D Görüntülemekte sıkıntı çekenler şuraya tıklayabilirler. Battaglia di Herdonia (212 a.C.) |Battaglia di Herdonia (212 a.C.) parte della seconda guerra romano-punica Percorso di Annibale durante la Seconda guerra romano-punica |Data||212 a.C.| |Luogo||Herdonia (attuale Ordona - Foggia)| |Esito||Vittoria dei cartaginesi| |Schieramenti| |Comandanti| |Effettivi| |Perdite| |Voci di battaglie presenti su Wikipedia| La prima battaglia di Herdonia fu combattuta nel 212 a.C., durante la seconda guerra romano-punica, tra l'esercito cartaginese di Annibale e l'esercito romano guidato dal pretore Gneo Fulvio Flacco a Herdonia, moderna Ordona (Foggia): l'esercito romano fu completamente annientato cancellandone la presenza in Apulia per diverso tempo. Antefatti[modifica | modifica sorgente] Annibale aveva sconfitto in precedenza i Romani nella battaglia del Silaro in Campania, distruggendo l'esercito guidato dal pretore Marco Centenio Penula. Dopo questa importante vittoria, il generale cartaginese decise di non restare in Campania per presidiare Capua, né tuttavia di marciare verso Cuma per affrontare gli eserciti dei consoli Quinto Flavio Flacco e Appio Claudio Pulcro, ma di dirigersi ad est e di penetrare in Apulia. Nel frattempo i due consoli romani decisero di marciare verso Capua e per questo si assicurarono le retrovie fortificando Casilinum, e edificando altre fortificazioni lungo il fiume Volturno. Il pretore Gaio Claudio Nerone partì dalla Lucania per marciare verso Suessula, portando con sé sei legioni romane e sei legioni di alleati di Roma. Nel frattempo dalla Spagna, il fratello minore di Annibale, Asdrubale Barca, si era mosso verso l'Africa per sottomettere il re dei Massesili Siface, nel nord della Numidia, aiutato in questo dal principe numida Massinissa. Battaglia[modifica | modifica sorgente] L'esercito romano di Fulvio Flacco trovò terreno facile in Apulia, e non si accorse della presenza di Annibale fino a quando non si avvicinò alla cittadina di Herdonia. Reso più imprudente dai facili successi conseguiti fino ad allora, Fulvio ed il suo esercito, esaltato per le continue vittorie e dai saccheggi, accettarono la sfida in campo aperto di Annibale alla prima occasione. L'esercito cartaginese, forte di 18.000 uomini, era in forte superiorità numerica rispetto ai Romani, ed Annibale lo dispose lungo la pianura proprio di fronte al suo accampamento, inviando però circa 3.000 uomini di fanteria leggera lungo il suo fianco sinistro per sferrare un attacco a sorpresa dai boschi circostanti e dalle fattorie vicine. In aggiunta a ciò Annibale aveva inviato circa 2.000 soldati numidi a prendere il controllo delle strade nella retroguardia dell'esercito romano per tagliare loro ogni possibile via di fuga. È oggetto di interpretazione come sia stato possibile che il pretore romano non si sia accorto dei movimenti dei Cartaginesi, ed il fatto è forse da attribuire alla sua incapacità tattica. L'esercito di Annibale, superiore di almeno 5.000 unità rispetto ai Romani, sconfisse facilmente il nemico, annientando tutte le legioni. Fulvio Flacco fuggì quasi subito dalla battaglia con circa 200 dei suoi uomini, dopo essersi reso conto della sconfitta, mentre le cronache affermano che circa 2.000 riuscirono a sopravvivere al massacro. Conseguenze[modifica | modifica sorgente] Le conseguenze della battaglia furono immediate: in poche settimane Annibale, dopo aver annientato ben dodici legioni romane, si impadronì totalmente di Campania ed Apulia e marciò a sud verso Tarentum, dove i Romani si erano asserragliati nell'acropoli mentre la città era caduta in mano agli alleati di Annibale nel 213 a.C. Roma, dal canto suo, ormai ridotta alla disperazione, decise di reclutare quattro nuove legioni da inviare in Campania, mentre Annibale si ritirava verso sud. I motivi di questa decisione sono sconosciuti, ma molti storici tendono a interpretare questa scelta come frutto dell'intenzione da parte del comandante cartaginese di concedere ai suoi uomini un periodo di riposo dopo tre battaglie consecutive e lunghe marce forzate. پارلمان اسرائيل با تصويب بودجه دولت، آخرين مانع قانونی را درمورد اجرای طرح آريل شارون نخست وزيراسرائيل برای برچيدن شهرک های يهودی نشين باريکه غزه برطرف ساخت. قانونگزاران اسرائيل بودجه سال ۲۰۰۵ کشور را با ۵۸ رای موافق دربرابر۳۶ رای مخالف ويک رای ممتنع تصويب کردند. شهرک نشين ها تا آخرين هفته ماه ژوئيه فرصت دارند که درمقابل دريافت غرامت، داوطلبانه خانه های خود را ترک گويند. درغيراين صورت واداربه تخليه خانه ها خواهند شد ساکنان خشمگين محله های يهودی نشين در نوار غزه، که بزودی از خانه های خود در آنجا بيرون رانده خواهند شد، می گويند آنها مبارزه خود را به
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ziamento genomico ha aperto una nuova era della medicina personalizzata, che promette di fornire trattamenti su misura per ogni singola persona. Questo può essere fatto solo se le variazioni genetiche di tutti gli antenati sono rappresentate nei set di dati che i ricercatori utilizzano per fare nuove scoperte sulla malattia e sviluppare trattamenti. به گزارش شبکه اطلاع رسانی راه دانا؛ غلامعلی شکری در گفتوگو با جهانبین نیوز؛ اظهار کرد: در پی وقوع آتشسوزی در یک مدرسه در "دِه چشمه"، واحد گشت کلانتری ۱۱ فارسان به همراه تیمی از نیروهای آتشنشانی و امدادی به محل اعزام شدند. وی بیان داشت: آتشسوزی با تلاش عوامل آتشنشانی و امدادی مهار و مصدومین بلافاصله به بیمارستان اعزام شدند ولی متأسفانه مادر خانواده در اثر شدت سوختگی در بیمارستان فوت کرد. شکری بیان داشت: با بررسی شواهد و مدارک موجود و انجام تحقیقات محسوس و نامحسوس مأموران، نهایتاً مشخص شد که فرزند ۱۷ ساله خانواده به دلیل اختلافات خانوادگی، بهعمد منزل را به آتش کشیده است. وی خاطرنشان کرد: با تلاش مأموران این متهم دستگیر و در بازجوئی انجام شده به بزه انتسابی معترف و پس از تکمیل پرونده تحویل مقام قضایی شد. دانلود کتابهای کرستین بک کتابهای الکترونیک، زندگی نامه و آلبوم تصاویر کرستین بک نام اصلی : کریستین بک زادگاه : ایالات متحده ملیت : امریکایی تاریخ تولد : 21 ژوئن 1966 پیشه : نیروی دریایی و نویسنده بیشتر... نام اصلی : کریستین بک زادگاه : ایالات متحده ملیت : امریکایی تاریخ تولد : 21 ژوئن 1966 پیشه : نیروی دریایی و نویسنده بیشتر... کریستین بک (21 ژوئن 1966) یکی از کارکنان نیروی دریایی بازنشسته ایالات متحده است که در سال 2013 به عنوان یک زن ترنس به بیرون آمد و توجه عمومی را جلب کرد. او خاطرات خود را در ژوئن 2013 منتشر کرد و در Warrior Princess: A سفر نیروی دریایی ایالات متحده برای آمدن ترنسجندر و به تفصیل در مورد تجربیات خود اشاره کرد. بک به مدت بیست سال در نیروی دریایی ایالات متحده خدمت کرده است و اولین کسی است که آشکارا transgender سابق نیروی دریایی سابق ایالات متحده است. بک در ژوئن سال 1966 با نام اصلی کریستوفر تی. بکری متولد شد و در مزرعه ای بزرگ شد. در اوایل پنج سالگی ، او به لباس و اسباب بازی های زنانه جذب می شد ، اما توسط پدر و مادرش به تصویب نقش های مردانه تشویق می شد. او دو بار ازدواج کرد و از اولین ازدواج خود دارای دو پسر است. او در خاطرات خود بازگو می کند که چگونه اختلال جنسیتی او در ناتوانی او در بالغ شدن عاطفی در حالی که در بدن مرد است ، نقش داشته است ، و بر هویت جنسی او تعارض می کند ، گرچه او هرگز احساس همجنسگرایی نمی کرد. علاوه بر این ، وظایف وی به عنوان نیروی دریایی ایالات متحده او را در مأموریت هایی از خانه دور نگه داشته است ، که نتیجه اش این می شد که او از اعضای خانواده فاصله می گرفت. قبل از ثبت نام در نیروی دریایی ایالات متحده ، بک از سال 1984 تا 1987 در انستیتوی نظامی ویرجینیا شرکت کرد. بک به مدت 20 سال در نیروی دریایی ایالات متحده قبل از انتقال وی مشغول خدمت بود و در 13 استقرار از جمله هفت استقرار جنگنده شرکت کرد. بک آموزش تخریب زیرزمینی را با کلاس 179 در سال 1991 به پایان رساند و پس از آن با تیم SEAL خدمت کرد. او عضو گروه توسعه ویژه جنگ دریایی ایالات متحده (همچنین با نام DEVGRU نیز شناخته می شود) ، یک ضد حمله ویژه بود. واحد تروریسم به طور گسترده ای به نام SEAL Team Six شناخته شد و چندین جایزه و تزئینات نظامی از جمله ستاره برنز و قلب بنفش دریافت کرد. بک در سال 2011 با کسب رتبه نهایی به عنوان مدیر ارشد ویژه جنگ ، هنگامی که شروع به لباس پوشیدن به عنوان یک زن کرد ، از نیروی دریایی بازنشسته شد. در سال 2013 ، او شروع به هورمون درمانی کرد و خود را برای جراحی مجدد جنسی آماده کرد. وی در طی مصاحبه ای با اندرسون کوپر در اوایل ژوئن 2013 ، اظهار داشت که او هرگز در طول دوران سربازی اش مشکل خود را نگفته بود و "هیچ کس هرگز با من واقعی روبرو نشده است". وی پس از بیرون آمدن علنی در سال 2013 با ارسال عکسی از خودش به عنوان یک زن در LinkedIn ، تعدادی از پیامهای پشتیبانی از همکاران نظامی سابق خود دریافت کرد. بک شاهزاده خانم جنگجو را با آنه اسپکچارد ، روانشناس دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه جورج تاون نوشت . Speckhard در حال انجام یک مطالعه در مورد مقاومت در برابر نیروی دریایی ایالات متحده بود، یعنی مکانیسم های مقابله ای که توسط SEAL ها برای مقابله با خواسته های شدید شغلی خود استفاده می شود. Speckhard ابتدا در یک کنفرانس ضد تروریسم با بک ملاقات کرد. پس از آنكه بك توافق كرد در مورد مكانيسم هاي مقابله با هم توافق كند ، جلسه تعقيبي در يك نوار همجنسگرا برگزار شد و بك آن جا با لباس زنانه آمد. یک جلسه پنج ساعته منجر به این شد که Speckhard موافقت کرد که به Beck کمک کند تا داستان زندگی خود را بنویسد. از دیگر کتاب های کرستین بک گریز با چادر نام دارد. در کتاب ، Speckhard خاطرنشان می کند که بک تمایل به مرگ افتخارآمیز دارد "تا دیگر نیازی به کشتی گرفتن با درد عاطفی ناشی از عدم هماهنگی بین هویت جنسیتی و بدن خود نباشد". در معرفی خود به کتاب ، بک می نویسد: من اعتقاد ندارم که یک روح جنسیت دارد ، اما در مسیر جدید من، روح و روان من کامل و شاد است ... امیدوارم سفر من نور تجربیات انسانی را روشن کند و از همه مهمتر به بهبودی شرایط "اجتماعی-مذهبی" صرفاً کمک کند. مجله OutServe این کتاب را ستود ، و آن را "یکی از باهوش ترین و مهمترین کتاب های سال" نامید. هافینگتون پست خاطرنشان كرد كه در حالی كه سیاست "نپرس ، نگو" در سال 2011 لغو شد ، ممنوعیت افراد آزادانه transgender كه در نیروهای مسلح آمریكا مشغول به خدمت بودند ، همچنان باقی مانده است. روزهای قبل از انتشار شاهزاده خانم جنگجو ، ستون Poliglot Weekly Metro گزارش داد كه پنتاگون LGBT را در یك یادداشت خود جشن می گرفت و از اشخاص نظامی transgender اجتناب می کرد؛ یادداشت پنتاگون در بخشی خوانده شده است: "ما اعضای سرویس همجنسگرا ، لزبین و دوجنسگرا و غیرنظامیان دگرباش جنسی را برای خدمات اختصاصی خود به کشورمان به رسمیت می شناسیم." آتلانتیک سیم گفت که این کتاب "می تواند زمینه را برای گنجاندن هرچه بیشتر این مسئله در نیروهای مسلح فراهم کند. » وی اظهار داشت كه اعتبارات نظامی بك" ممكن است پنتاگون را به تجدید نظر در سیاست خود در برابر اعضای سرویس ترنس سوق دهد ". در حالی که محدودیت های تمایلات جنسی در سال 2010-2011 برداشته شد ، محدودیت های مربوط به هویت جنسیتی که به دلیل مقررات وزارت دفاع تا سال 2016 ، هنگامی که دولت اوباما به ممنوعیت ورود Transgender آمریکایی هایی که در ارتش خدمت می کردند پایان یافت ، همچنان برقرار بود. بانوی والورمستند كریستین بك است، كه در 4 سپتامبر 2014 در CNN پخش شد. By D. E. Koelle According to its own statutes, the IPCC is mainly responsible for anthropogenic climate change – and much less so for natural climate change, which has been around since the Earth first appeared. That could very well be the reason why the sun gets mentioned only with respect to its solar irradiance intensity at the edge of the atmosphere. There the irradiance is 1361 W/sqm and is relatively constant, and so the role of the sun on mid-term climate change is not taken into account. However, for the first time in the history of the IPCC reports, the 2013 AR5 report discusses the Surface Solar Radiation (SSR) as a decisively important factor (chapter 2.3.3.). Decisive for the climate and temperature changes is not the solar irradiance at the edge of the atmosphere, rather it is the amount of solar energy that makes it to the Earth’s surface. Between the Earth’s surface and the outer edge of the atmosphere we have the atmosphere with its clouds and aerosols, which determine how much solar radiation eventually reaches the surface of the Earth. Since 1983 the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Program (ISCCP) has been measuring global cloud coverage. One spectacular result was the decrease in global cloud cover between 1987 – 2000, from 69% to 64%, i.e. precisely during the period of warming that triggered the CO2 hypothesis. Figure 1: Mid-term variation of mean global cloud coverage according to data from the ISCCP for the period 1983 to 2010. Of course this finding did not fit well with the current popular narrative and was immediately criticized and doubted. This prevented it being adopted by the IPCC report of 2007. Indeed cloud observation and the evaluation of the data from satellites are difficult and the results are subject to interpretation. But in the meantime we have recognized that there is an objective method of determining the effects of clouds and the impact of solar dimming: by measuring the effective solar radiation at the surface of the Earth. For the first time this is discussed in the new IPCC report in Chapter 2.3.3 and is confirmed by the longest existing dataset from Stockholm. It shows a clear fluctuation of solar energy between 90 and 135 W/sqm. And the range is considerably greater at lower latitudes. Figure 2: Effective solar insolation at the Earth’s surface for Stockholm 1922-2010 (59° north latitude). The data from Stockholm not only correspond to the ISCCP-results, but also to the global temperature trends. Not only do the rise of global temperature and SSR correspond between 1910 and 1940, but also for the temperature drop between 1944 and 1980, and the rise until 2000. Figure 3 shows a comparison of 10 temperature curves from 10 global weather stations, without the statistical manipulations of a so-called “global mean temperature”. Figure 3: Real temperature measurement values from cities on the globe. The SSR curve correlates excellently with the original GISS dataset for the US temperature history yin 1999, before it was tampered with. Figure 4: The original GISS temperature history for the USA as it looked in 1999. It was then replaced by a new curve which moved the maximum value to the year 1998. Even if the important SSR factor gets mentioned for the first time in an IPCC report, this does not mean it was taken into account in other chapters of the report, and especially for the temperature development – to the contrary – it was ignored. Only the CO2 hypothesis is valid. Here the entire 0.8°C temperature rise of the last 100 years, for which part or all of it gets attributed to CO2, can be explained by the impacts of the effective solar radiation at the Earth’s surface without any CO2 effects. Already the temperature rise of 0.6°C between 1910 and 1940 cannot be explained by the CO2 effect because the CO2 concentration increased by less than 10 ppm during the period (from 298 to 307 ppm). Then from 1940 to 1975 the temperature fell 0.2°C – and certainly not because of a CO2 drop. The renewed temperature increase of 0.6°C from 1980 to 1998 was the initiator of the CO2 hypothesis. However, the temperature increase can be better explained by the increase in SSR intensity. The fact that the predicted continued temperature increase never materialized, and that there’s been a slight drop since 2000, completely contradicts the CO2 hypothesis. Bernoulli's Fallacy, by Clayton Saturday December 11, 2021 Bernoulli's Fallacy is that the likelihood of data given a hypothesis is enough to make inferences about that hypothesis (or others). Clayton covers historical and modern aspects of frequentist statistics, and lays crises of replication at the feet of significance testing. I find it largely compelling, though perhaps it neglects problematic contributions of non-statistical pressures in modern academic life. I'm generally on board re: Bayesian methods. "...statistical methods are a means of accounting for the epistemic role of measurement error and uncertainty..." (page x) "...an effect—if it is found—is likely overstated and unlikely to be replicable, a paradox known as the “winner's curse.”" (page xi) The common theme is that there would be no need to continually treat the symptoms of statistical misuse if the underlying disease were addressed. I offer the following for consideration: Hypothesizing after the results of an experiment are known does not necessarily present a problem and in fact is the way that most hypotheses are ever constructed. No penalty need be paid, or correction made, for testing multiple hypotheses at once using the same data. The conditions causing an experiment to be terminated are largely immaterial to the inferences drawn from it. In particular, an experimenter is free to keep conducting trials until achieving a desired result, with no harm to the resulting inferences. No special care is required to avoid “overfitting” a model to the data, and validating the model against a separate set of test data is generally a waste. No corrections need to be made to statistical estimators (such as the sample variance as an estimate of population variance) to ensure they are “unbiased.” In fact, by doing so the quality of those estimators may be made worse. It is impossible to “measure” a probability by experimentation. Furthermore, all statements that begin “The probability is ...” commit a category mistake. There is no such thing as “objective” probability. Extremely improbably events are not necessarily noteworthy or reason to call into question whatever assumed hypotheses implied they were improbable in the first place. Statistical methods requiring an assumption of a particular distribution (for example, the normal distribution) for the error in measurement are perfectly valid whether or not the data “actually is” normally distributed. It makes no sense to talk about whether data “actually is” normally distributed or could have been sampled from a normally distributed population, or any other such consideration. There is no need to memorize a complex menagerie of different tests or estimators to apply to different kinds of problems with different distributional assumptions. Fundamentally, all statistical problems are the same. “Rejecting” or “accepting” a hypothesis is not the proper function of statistics and is, in fact, dangerously misleading and destructive. The point of statistical inference is not to produce the right answers with high frequency, but rather to always produce the inferences best supported by the data at hand when combined with existing background knowledge and assumptions. Science is largely not a process of falsifying claims definitively, but rather assigning them probabilities and updating those probabilities in light of observation. This process is endless. No proposition apart from a logical contradiction should ever get assigned probability 0, and nothing short of a logical tautology should get probability 1. The more unexpected, surprising, or contrary to established theory a proposition seems, the more impressive the evidence must be before that proposition is taken seriously. Heavily influenced by Probability Theory: The Logic of Science by Edwin Jaynes. "We can, for example, set s =
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23%,而同期独立派比例则从22%上升到37%,可谓和两大党鼎足而立。 与此同时,政党在地方初选中失去了控制提名总统候选人的能力。政党的领导能力表现之一,就是在地方初选减少对政党指定候选人的挑战,而近年来这类挑战的频率不断上升。就纽约市[8]而言,四十年代只有10-20%的初选发生对候选人的挑战,五十年代上升为20-30%,而七十年代则达到50-60%。因此,在五十年代初,地方政党领袖尚能控制候选人的名单,但到七十年代以后,政党控制在大多数州不再奏效。在全国会议上的第一轮投票中,初选产生的代表团很少偏离党员选民所直接选举的候选人。最后,政党的信誉普遍下降,公众对政党和政府缺乏信心。民意测验表明在六十年代尚有70-75%的选民相信政府将有正确作为,水门事件之后却只有45%的选民持有这种信仰;到七十年代末,公众对民主党政府的信任下降到40%,而对共和党信任只有35%。进入八十年代后,对两党的信任率都低于35%。 缺乏政党组织的结果是“投票选民消失”:参予选举的选民比例显著下降,以及参予率的强烈阶级扭曲与年龄差距。如果用实际参予政治选举的选民占有资格选民总数的比例来衡量政治民主化的程度,那么美国这个世界上第一个民主国家,在今天却远不如西欧国家民主。在西欧,选民广泛积极地参予政治过程。政党具备有效的集中组织能力,不但动员广大选民参加投票,而且提供大众政治教育并负责制订国家政策。另外,社会民主党实行自动登记,降低了对政治参予的初始障碍。最后,和地区单一代表制不同,比例代表制消除废票,增加了选民参予的动机。这些因素都促进了欧洲选民的政治参予。 从五十年代初到七十年代末,美国联邦和地方政府的选民参予率连续下降。在五十年代与六十年代,总统选举的参予率保持在70%,而国会在总统选举年和非总统选举年的参予率则分别在50%与65%上下。但七十年代参予率陡降,总统选举的参予率勉强超过50%。1988年,只有半数具有选举权的公民参加了总统选举;国会选举的参予率则更低。各州行政首脑通常只由三分之一到五分之二的选民选出。1976年,纽约市的联邦政府选举的参予率达到150年以来的最低点(42%),[70] 次年的市长选举达到自1834年的第一次选举以来的历史最低点。因此,如果世界上有些国家的公民缺乏真正的民主选举权,那么拥有这种权利的美国人却似乎不太看重它的行使。 在造成低选举参予率的同时,政党组织的薄弱也增加参予率的阶级扭曲和年龄差距。在美国,下层劳动力的政治参予远较中产阶级为低,而且差距越来越大。从1968年到1976年,中产阶级对下层工人的参予率之比从1.42增长到1.65;而同年瑞典的同样比例仅为1.03。虽然种族问题和经济密切相关,不同阶级之间的差异超过了不同种族之间的差异。1972年,美国具有中学文凭的白人劳工只有41%参加选举,而具有大学文凭的经理阶层则有86%参加选举,超过下层工人的两倍。另外,美国的政党亦未能有效地把众多青年带入政治过程,致使年青人参加选举的比例远少于中年人。在七十年代初的联邦选举中,美国的平均参予率在60%上下,不同年龄组类之间的最大差距高达23个百分点;而同期联邦德国的参予率超过90%,不同年龄之间最多只差10个百分点。 伯恩纳姆指出,政党组织的衰落是选民参予下降和阶级扭曲的共同原因。对于那些缺乏其它信息来源的选民来说,政党是提供这些选民计算参予功利的重要捷径。由于获得政治信息的能力本身存在着巨大的阶级差异,政党宣传为社会下层提供了必不可少的政治信息。因此,政党作用的消失不但降低了选民的整体参予,也使原来就笃信命运、不信政治、倾向弃权的下层更少参予。用伯恩纳姆的话说:“美国政治不是按照阶级斗争的术语来组织的... 真正的阶级斗争不在于积极参予竞选的民主党与共和党的竞争,而是在于两个不同整体之间的对立:一个是积极参加投票的选民,另一个则是不参加投票的那一半成年人口”。 政党同时是加强政府与公民联系、减少统治与被统治者距离的手段,它提供向政府反映社会需求的渠道,并通过这种反馈过程为政府提供统治合法性。美国从七十年代开始的统治危机,要求社会各个阶层--包括中产阶级和社会下层--改变政治观念,并改革政党结构,使之能把四千万“消失了的选民”带回政治过程。只有这样,“美国的民主”才能真正代表全体选民的利益--而非某些阶层的特殊利益。 (2)“个人总统” 在政党组织衰落的同时,我们看到总统作为一项独立权力的崛起。自从新政时代,总统开始在竞选中脱离政党控制,并直接和选民取得联系。这离不开两个相关层面的发展:与政党独立的大众媒介和现代化通讯技术,尤其是无线电与电视广播。在十九世纪,报纸是最重要的大众宣传媒介。由于在财政上依赖政党的赞助,报纸无例外地成为政党的喉舌,为政党的政治目的服务。进入二十世纪以后,报纸通过刊登商业广告而获得经济独立,因而产生了独立于政党控制的宣传媒介。老罗斯福和威尔逊都曾利用报纸杂志联络选民。无线电广播普及后,小罗斯福则不失时机地利用新的通讯技术和选民获得直接交流。 现代高技术的发展使政治竞争从以前的劳力密集型转化为资金密集型。这些高技术手段包括民意测验、电视大众媒介、自动控制的电话库和大批量直接邮递竞选传单等。尤其是大众媒介和直接邮递传单需要大量经费,使得庞大的竞选经费成为竞选成功的先决条件。政治依赖金钱;竞选开销不断上涨。路维与金斯伯格合著的《美国政府》一书列举了历年全国所有竞选的总开支:1956年的总开支为一亿半美元,1968年即达到三亿美元,到1976年又将近翻了一倍,而1984年则突破了十亿美元大关。高技术政治所要求的庞大开支也对大众型的政党政治产生不利影响。以前的劳力密集型政治有利于受到社会下层所支持的政党,使之通过发动下层的政治参予,有效地利用人力,并以数量优势来抗衡反对派在经济与机构资源上的优势。相反,资金密集型政治更有利于社会中上层所支持的政党;新技术不但使之能更有效地利用所掌握的财源,而且使具备雄厚资金的候选人得以脱离政党支持,进行独立竞选。 (3)国会权力的有限复苏 在近年来,国会议员的连任竞选达到空前的成功率。在1986和1988两年,凡是竞选连任的众议员,98%都再次成功获选。参议员连任的成功率也不下85%。同时“安全选区”的数量上升,国会选举的竞争性下降。原因是在职议员具有众多无偿获得的竞选资源,包括通过选民服务和已经与选民建立起来的感情,并在竞选中充分利用它们为自己创造良好形象。连任议员也能获得更多来源的竞选经费。国会竞选的经费来源主要有四个:联邦政府、私人、政党和派克斯。1988年的众院选举中,政党资助只占6%,而派克斯的贡献占了36%。这些资金的流向显著有利于连任议员。1980年派克斯80%的资助捐给竞选连任的议员,10%给挑战者,另外10%流向在前任议员退位后,那些有意角逐空位的竞选者。通过筹资与借款,连任议员每人平均可以募捐18万美元,花费36万美元;而挑战者平均只能获得4.2万美元,花费10万美元。参院亦存在类似情况:竞选连任的议员人均集资300万,而挑战者只有100万美元(Wirls,p.21)。连任议员在资金上的优势不下非连任候选人的3倍,使得前者能够靠建立“备战金库”,无须花费分文即可吓走挑战者。这样,具有良好素质的潜在竞选者就消失了;不能积累足够经费,人们就不敢贸然进入竞选战场。选民面临着有限选择:若非连任议员,即是第三流的挑战者。这也降低了选举的实际意义,使选民更加缺乏兴趣主动前来投票。 (4)“双重主权”与机构争斗 对于三权分立的联邦政府,政党衰落的最后结果是政府内部国会与总统的分裂。费耳林纳指出,在内战与重建时期,由于政党的联系,国会议员存在个人动机支持总统当选。每当一党取代另一党在总统选举中获胜时,国会的党派成分也相应发生显著变化,从而使国会多数党和总统的党派一致。然而,现代总统和国会缺乏在选举上的联系,总统是否当选和议员切身利益无利害关系。既然进行独立竞选,议员所依靠的既不是政党,也不是总统,而是地区选民的好感。1984年,里根在总统选举中大获全胜,共和党在国会却只增加14个席位。当年有44%国会地区的议员和总统处于对立党派。因此,在战后时期,两党长期各据半壁江山,在联邦政府内形成以民主党控制国会、以共和党控制总统的“双重主权”,继而引起旷日持久的“机构争斗”。 (5)美国联邦政府时隔17年再关闭 政府雇员停薪休假 纽约时间,2013年10月1日本周一晚间,美国国会两党有关政府支出法案的僵持最终没能在本周二零点之前的最后期限内获得解决。自10月1日开始,美国联邦政府开始停摆。涉及美国安全等方面的政府雇员将继续工作,但薪水将在国会恢复拨款后到位,这部分员工的人数达一百万,而另有超过八十万的非例外部门的雇员会开始停薪休假。 从上周日众议员提出以将奥巴马医改法案延后一年并减少税费作为附加条件的支出法案之后,各方舆论已经倾向于认为政府铁定关门。奥巴马政府及其幕僚在之前已经明确表明,不会接受会影响新医保法的任何支出法案,民主党认为共和党应当支持一个相对“干净的”、不带有附加条件的支出法案,与此同时,众议院共和党人对于奥巴马医改法案的立场未发生动摇。周一晚,众议院和参议院就要求奥巴马医改延迟一年的预算法案进行了“打乒乓”式的反复商议与投票。最后众议院对于修改过的议案已经不再寻求投票。 美国总统奥巴马在周一晚上11点的记者会上表示:“针对选举过后的一个结果进行的争执,在政府一个分支产生的内部纷争不应影响到整个政府的运行。”在零点前约半小时,联邦政府相关部门已经开始准备执行部分政府部门停止运转的计划。10月1日0点开始,美国政府关停。 此前,美国共和党控制的众院通过将奥巴马医改计划推迟一年的议案,以便“省下钱”为政府提供运营资金;众院以248对174票通过废除医疗设备税,并以231票对192票通过将医改推迟一年提议。但参院随后对这一议案进行否决。 当地时间10月1日到来前数分钟,白宫下令联邦各机构关闭。这也是美国政府17年来发生的又一次关门停业事件。 上一次美国政府停业发生在1995-96年度的克林顿政府时期; 起因是共和党反对克林顿总统提出的全民医疗保险计划。 分析指出,一旦上述情况再次发生,就意味着美国政府将再次发不出工资、养老金、抚恤金等开支,全美数以万计的公务员将被迫放无薪假,并且可能永远无法讨回政府拖欠的工资。 (5)10月17日,正式结束了美国联邦政府持续16天的关门 美国国会众议院16日晚投票通过议案,给予联邦政府临时拨款,同时调高其公共债务上限。美国总统奥巴马在17日凌晨签署议案,正式结束了美国联邦政府持续16天的关门风波。 美国政府已经要求联邦政府部门雇员从17日返回工作岗位上班。不过,这份议案并未解决根本问题,美国政府在几个月后将再次面临“关门”的危险和考验。 奥巴马17日凌晨签署法案 这项由参议院共和、民主两党领袖提出的议案16日晚间在参议院通过后,众议院连夜开会,随后以285票赞成、144票反对的结果也通过了这项议案。根据这一议案,联邦政府各部门将获得预算运营到2014年1月15日,同时把财政部发行国债的权限延长至2014年2月7日。美国总统奥巴马在17日凌晨签署法案,给持续半个多月的美国联邦政府“关门风波”画上句号,暂时平息了国际市场对美国可能出现债务违约风险的担忧。 政府雇员恢复正常工作 白宫行政管理和预算局局长西尔维娅·马修斯·伯韦尔说,联邦政府将尽快恢复正常运行。在过去半个多月时间里被要求无薪休假的联邦机构雇员将从下一个工作日起恢复正常工作。对于绝大多数联邦政府雇员来说,17日将是他们在政府“关门风波”结束后的第一个工作日。 “联邦政府雇员将在17日早上回来上班,”西尔维娅·伯韦尔说,“对政府雇员来说,他们在过去几周里经历了很具挑战性的时刻。我要向那些不断为美国民众服务的公务员表示感谢。”国际货币基金组织总裁克里斯蒂娜·拉加德对美国两党达成协议以避免债务违约表示赞赏。她同时表示,美国政府提高债务上限造成了美国财政政策的不确定性。今后,能够以一种“可持续的方式”减少这种不确定性是非常关键的。 财政问题没有根本解决 美国联邦政府(8)10月17日是美国避免债务违约的“大限”。美国财政部长雅各布·卢此前说,为避免美国债务违约所采取的非常规措施只能维持到10月17日,届时财政部将仅有约300亿美元资金,难以应对联邦政府的所有开支压力。对于美国两党在债务违约前最后一刻达成妥协方案,在各方的预期之内。不过,美国国会通过的这份议案并没有从根本上解决美国政府面临的一系列财政问题,只是将这个棘手的难题推迟到明年年初。如果届时,美国两党议员仍然没有解决这些财政难题,那么美国政府将再次面临“关门”的危险。美国众议院预算委员会主席保罗·瑞安对这项议案投下了反对票,他说:“今天的议案无助于减少我们快速增长的债务。在我看来,这不是什么突破,我们只是喘了口气。” 2018年12月18日,美国总统特朗普发布行政令,宣布联邦政府于12月24日关门。[9] Avviso spoiler Adrian S. Burrows Sr./NBC [Attenzione: quanto segue contiene PRINCIPALI spoiler per il Chicago Fire Finale della stagione 9 Nessun sopravvissuto.] Il produttore esecutivo Derek Haas ha avvertito No Survivors è uno di quei finali in cui quei minuti finali faranno arrabbiare molti spettatori con me e gli ultimi 10 minuti saranno tesi – e grandi – come qualsiasi cosa abbiamo mai fatto. Non stava esagerando. Alcuni cambiamenti potrebbero arrivare a 51, ha detto in precedenza Boden (Eamonn Walker), e il finale mantiene questa promessa. Non solo le vite di più membri sono in bilico nei momenti finali, ma i fan ottengono una risoluzione sulla relazione di Casey ( Jesse Spencer ) e Brett ( Kara Killmer ) e uno dei 51 potrebbe accettare un nuovo lavoro. Un momento di Casey & Brett Stagioni in divenire Dopo aver detto a Brett come si sente, tutto ciò che Casey può fare è aspettare... e sperare che non sia condannato a una vita di solitudine come suo zio dopo la morte della moglie. Procede praticamente a struggersi: cercandola quando arriva alla caserma dei pompieri, fissandola durante una chiamata, chiedendo se l'ambulanza 61 è già tornata, guardando il suo posto vuoto in casa... Brett non sta molto meglio. Non riesce a concentrarsi vicino a lui - Casey la stabilizza durante una chiamata - e si ferma prendendo 30 minuti per raccogliere rifornimenti per l'ambulanza in ospedale. È da cos
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deneyim hakkında konuşun. Bu alıştırma çocukların deneyimleri hakkında birbirleriyle konuşmalarına olanak sağladığı için eğlenceli ve heyecanlı olduğu kadar onları şimdi, şu anda yaşadıklarını fark etmeleri, algılarının açılması konularında da yardımcı olur. Nefes Arkadaşım Alıştırması: Çocuklara pelüş bir hayvan ya da başka bir küçük obje verin. Oda uygun ise çocukların yere yatmasını ve pelüş hayvanı karınlarının üzerine koymalarını söyleyin. Bir dakika sessiz kalmalarını ve nefeslerine odaklanmalarını ve nefes arkadaşlarının inip kalktığını fark etmelerini sağlayın. Bu esnada başka neler olduğunu fark etmeleri için teşvik edin. Alıştırma sırasında zihinlerine bir başka düşünce gelirse, bu düşünceyi bir baloncuk gibi hayal etmelerini ve uçup gitmesini izlemelerini söyleyin. Bu yazı Positive Psychology Program'da yer alan "Eğitimde mindfulness" adlı makaleden kısaltılarak derlenmiştir. Genel Bilgiler Hafta sonu çocuğunuz ile katılabileceğiniz şehirde, sokaklarda, müzelerde geçen eğlenceli takım oyunu. Müzede soygun, katılımcıların, müze soygunu yapan bir çeteyi bulmaya çalıştıkları bir açık alan oyunudur. Arkeoloji Müzeleri, Ayasofya Müzesi, Sultanahmet meydanı, Hipodrom ve çevresinde oynanır. Katılımcılar görev dosyalarını aldıktan sonra oyuna başlarlar. 120 dakika içinde alabilecekleri en çok puanı almaya çalışırlar. Bulunacak kişiler, yerine getirilecek görevler, çözülecek bir soygun ile, karşı karşıyadırlar. Rehber Kitap Oyundan sonra rehber kitapçık ile oyundaki davranışlarınızı dolayısıyla kendinizi ve ailenizi daha iyi tanıyabilirsiniz. Olumlu davranış değişikliğinin ilk adımı budur. Daha sonra tarafınıza gönderilen İletişim Testi A’yı kendiniz için dolduracaksınız. Bu test size 120 üzerinden bir iletişim puanı verecek. Oyundaki bir takım arkadaşınız mümkünse çocuğunuz İletişim Testi B’yi sizin için dolduracak. Burada ilk testteki sorular öznesi değişmiş şekilde yer almaktadır. Yani başkasının gözünden siz değerlendirilirsiniz. Eğer Test A ve Test B sonuçları arasında fark varsa bu bir sonraki bölümde anlatacağımız, Jo-Harry Penceresi’ndeki KAPALI veya KÖR ALANLAR’ı işaret ediyor olabilir. Yani, ya testi sizin için dolduran kişi sizi yanlış görüyor ya da siz etrafınıza nasıl bir etki bıraktığınızı tam değerlendiremiyor olabilirsiniz. Her iki durumda da ilişkilerinizle ilgili bir değerlendirme yapmanız için size bir takım veriler verecektir. What Is In a Name? (Part 1) On a recently commute into the city, I was reading a scientific journal. I originally wanted to listen to a podcast, however I forgot my headphones and I didn’t want to be one of those people that listen to music on the subway without headphones for the entire car to hear their soundtrack. Note that this person already existed on my current commute. I do not understand why people think that I want to enjoy their soundtrack too. What was more alarming was that not a single person recommended that they save their listening till they found headphones or were somewhere else. Proof that Canadians are especially tolerant or “nice”, or at least non-confrontational. In an attempt to curb my boredom Iremembered that I had a journal article on my phone. The article was on asthma endotypes and targeted therapies https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29018800 . As I was reading the article it had me thinking of sheer vocabulary of things that we as asthma patients come across and are expected to know or figure out. Here is my list with some definitions. - Severe asthma: Having severe symptoms almost all the time.1 - Asthma Endotypes: A subgroup of asthma defined by pathophysical mechanisms.2 - Medication: A drug or other form of medication used to prevent or treat a disease.3 - Compliance: "The extent to which a patient acts in accordance with the prescribed interval, and dose of a dosing regimen.”4 - Airway Inflammation: "Nonspecific protective reaction of vascularized tissues to injury.”5 - Biologics (said in the voice of a sports announcer!): "The term “biologic” is used for medications and other healthcare products that are made from living animals, plants, or cells, instead of through a chemical process.”6 - Airway Hyper-responsiveness "Airway hyper-responsiveness is a characteristic feature of asthma and consists of an increased sensitivity of the airways to an inhaled constrictor agonist.”7 - Inspiratory: Breathing in. - MDI: Metered Dose Inhaler. A pressurized inhaler that delivers medication by use of a propellant.8 - DPI: Dry Powder Inhaler. I am a fan but not everyone is - Biomarker: A broad sub category of identifying characteristics. 9 - T2 (Th2): T-helper type 2 cells.10 - Action plan: A set of written instructions that guides asthma management.11 - Corticosteroid: Steroids made by the outer cortex of the adrenal gland (or synthetically made).12 - Sputum: My favorite! A mixture of saliva and mucous coughed up by the respiratory system.13 I am sure there are lots of other words and I would love to know yours! Does cold weather impact your asthma? Scientist believe that the universe started as a “perfect” liquid when the Big Bang occurred. What is the Big Bang? Cosmologists use the term Big Bang to refer to the idea that the universe was originally extremely hot and dense at some finite time in the past and has since cooled by expanding to the present diluted state and continues to expand today. Wikipedia. What brought on the liquid theory is that in 2004 scientist smashed gold ions into each other at nearly the speed of light. To their surprise the gold turned into liquid. Summer reading programs began in the 1890s as a way to encourage school children, particularly those in urban areas and not needed for farm work, to read during their summer vacation, use the library and develop the habit of reading. Traditionally, summer reading programs are designed to encourage children to keep reading during summer vacation. Preventing the “summer slide” continues to be the main objective of summer reading programs. For many families with elementary-aged children, the public library is the only community space available during the summer months where they can access free educational and cultural enrichment activities and programs. Access to reading materials has been consistently identified as a vital element in enhancing the reading development of children. Of all the activities in which children engage outside of school, time spent actually reading is the best predictor of reading achievement-the more students read, the better readers they become. Rock your summer, and check out these great reads: |One of a Kind Illustrator Gorman, Chris 2018-05 – Nancy Paulsen Books 9781524740627 Check Our CatalogBold, graphic art by indie rocker Chris Gorman of Belly captures the thrill and challenges of marching to your own beat. Meet a pogo-dancing, punk-rock-loving kid who loves to express himself in his own unique way. His clothes, hairstyle, music, and just the way he hears the world, all set him apart. Not everyone understands him, but he likes being one of a kind–even though it’s ...More |Zoogie Boogie Fever! an Animal Dance Book 2018-04 – Orchard Books 9780545900058 Check Our CatalogWhat do the animals at the zoo do when the gates close at night? They boogie until dawn This bouncy, funny read-aloud is filled with an assortment of animals dancing to their own beat and celebrating their individuality. See the flamingos do the fandango, the elephants cha-cha-cha, and the little penguins break-dance as they all avoid being discovered by the zookeeper, and then turn the page to ...More |Pete the Cat: The Petes Go Marching Illustrator Dean, James 2018-03 – HarperCollins 9780062304124 Check Our Catalog#1 New York Times bestseller James Dean puts a groovy spin to the classic children’s song “The Ants Go Marching” with everyone’s favorite cool cat. Join Pete the Cat as he rocks out to this classic tune with a supercool twist in this paper-over-board picture book. Your child, or even your classroom of children, is sure to want to march along with Pete, 1, ...More |Rock ‘n’ Roll Soul Illustrator Cordell, Matthew 2018-05 – Abrams Books for Young Readers 9781419728495 Check Our CatalogA young music lover steps onto the school talent show stage determined to be herself and sing her own unique song in this effervescent tale of self-expression. Full color. ...More |Play This Book Illustrator Wiseman, Daniel 2018-05 – Bloomsbury UK 9781681195063 Check Our CatalogFor fans of Press Here, this new interactive picture book line invites readers to touch and move and “play” with the book. To start our show we need a band–maybe you can lend a hand There are lots of ways little hands can make music. Each page of this interactive book invites readers to strum the guitar, slide the trombone, crash the cymbals, and more–no...More |The Orphan Band of Springdale 2018-04 – Candlewick Press (MA) 9780763688042 Check Our CatalogWith the United States on the verge of World War II, eleven-year-old Gusta is sent from New York City to Maine, where she discovers small-town prejudices — and a huge family secret. It’s 1941, and tensions are rising in the United States as the Second World War rages in Europe. Eleven-year-old Gusta’s life, like the world around her, is about to change. Her father, a foreign-born labor ...More |Battle of the Bands: Major Eights 1 Illustrator Pepin, Emilie 2018-01 – Little Bee Books 9781499805659 Check Our CatalogJasmine, Maggie, Becca, and Scarlet love jamming together, but are they ready to perform in front of a real audience in a Battle of the Bands competition? Find out in the first book of this early chapter book series Jasmine, Maggie, Becca, and Scarlet love jamming together in Jasmine’s basement. Maggie bangs on the drums, Becca strums her guitar, Jasmine plunks the keys of her keyboard, and ...More |Scarlet’s Big Break: Major Eights 2 Illustrator Pepin, Emilie 2018-01 – Little Bee Books 9781499805680 Check Our CatalogIn book 2 of the Major Eights series, Scarlet goes solo and risks alienating her bandmates. After their Battle of the Bands competition, the girls are famous Everyone knows who they are now–even strangers recognize them But the attention starts to go to Scarlet’s head, and she decides to sign up for the school’s talent show as a solo artist. But what about the Major Eights? Should she ...More |Coco: A Story about Music, Shoes, and Family 2017-10 – Disney Press 9781484787458 Check Our CatalogThis middle-grade novel retells the story of Pixar Animation Studios’ latest filmNa celebration of a lifetime, where the discovery of a generations-old mystery leads to a most extraordinary and surprising family reunion. The movie opens in U.S. theaters on November 22. ...More |The First Rule of Punk Perez, Celia C. 2017-08 – Viking Books for Young Readers 9780425290408 Check Our CatalogAwards: Pura Belpre Award (2018) “Roller Girl” meets “School of Rock” in this illustrated novel about identity, friendship, and riot-grrrl power by librarian and debut author Prez. ...More |On the Come Up 2019-02 – Balzer & Bray/Harperteen 9780062498564 Check Our CatalogThis is the highly anticipated second novel by Angie Thomas, the author of the #1 New York Times bestselling, award-winning The Hate U Give. Sixteen-year-old Bri wants to be one of the greatest rappers of all time. Or at least get some streams on her mixtape. As the daughter of an underground rap legend who died right before he hit big, Bri’s got massive ...More |Bobby Sky: Boy Band or Die 2018-05 – Soho Teen 9781616958411 Check Our CatalogRobert “Hutch” Hutchinson is out of luck. His charm and singing voice–and penchant for bursting into song at all the wrong times–can’t keep him out of trouble anymore. When he’s arrested (again), he’s given a choice: die in juvie or become a shadow–the fearless, unstoppable, and top-secret guardian of a Future Important Person, or FIP. With nothing to lose, Hutch accepts. After two grueling ...More |Love Songs & Other Lies 2018-04 – Tor Teen 9780765392275 Check Our CatalogLimited Inc. is a major work in the philosophy of language by the celebrated French thinker Jacques Derrida. The book’s two essays, ‘Limited Inc.’ and ‘Signature Event Context, ‘ constitute key statements of the Derridean theory of deconstruction. They are perhaps the clearest exposition to be found of Derrida’s most controversial idea. ...More Smetana, Sarah Nicole 2018-03 – Harper Teen 9780062644626 Check Our CatalogSusannah Hayes dreams of following her father, a former rock star, onto the stage. As senior year begins, she’s certain that if she writes the perfect song, her father might finally look up from the past long enough to see her. But when he dies unexpectedly, her dreams–and her reality–shatter. ...More 2016-04 – Amulet Books 9781419720789 Check Our CatalogFrom Jesse Andrews, author of the New York Times bestselling Me and Earl and the Dying Girl and screenwriter of the Sundance award-winning motion picture of the same name, comes a groundbreaking young adult novel about music, love, friendship, and freedom as three young musicians follow a quest to escape the law long enough to play the amazing show they hope (but also doubt) they ...More BÖLÜM 5:Favori Backlink Bina Stratejileri Bu bölümde en sevdiğim “hızlı ve kirli” bağlantı kurma stratejilerimi açıklayacağım. En iyi kısım? Bu stratejilerin hiçbiri tek bir içerik kelimesi yazmanıza gerek yoktur. Haydi içeri girelim... Görüşler İrketleri büyük ve küçük AŞK onların müşteri referanslarını göstermek için. Sevdiğiniz bir ürünü veya hizmeti (veya en azından benzeri) kullanıyorsanız, onlara bir referans göndermeyi düşünün. Bunu yaptığınızda, ana sayfalarına veya referans sayfasına yerleştirilebileceklerini söyleyin. Gerçek bir insan olduğunuzu göstermek için sık sık sizin sitenize sizin için bir link koyarlar. Hata yapma, referanslardan bazı balerin backlink'leri alabilirsiniz (işte bir DA89 web sitesinde): Ve burada bir DA86 sitesinden bir referans sayfasının başka bir örneği: Referans linkleri olan bir otorite sitesi gördüğümde, bazen sadece bir referans vermek ve bir link almak için ürününü satın alırım. (Bu ne kadar güçlüdür) Blogger İncelemeleri Bir yazılım parçanız, fiziksel ürününüz, danışmanlık hizmetiniz veya sattığınız değerin HERHANGİ bir parçası varsa, bunu kolayca yüksek kaliteli backlinklere dönüştürebilirsiniz. Nasıl? Ücretsiz blogculara sunarak. İşte nasıl: 1 Sunduğunuz ürün ve hizmetlerle ilgilenebileceğiniz blogcular bulun. İnsanlara kendi sabunlarını nasıl yapacağını öğreten bir bilgi ürünü satıyorsanız, Google'ın “sabun yapma”, “evde sabun yapma” vb. 2 Sonuçlarınız blogların, haber web sitelerinin ve eHow gibi web sitelerinin "nasıl yapılacağı" karma bir çanta olacaktır. Herhangi bir nasıl yapılır sitelerini veya haber sitelerini filtreleyin. Teklifinize ilgi duyabileceğiniz sağlam bir liste blogcuları ile birlikte kalacaksınız: 3 Bu e-posta komut dosyasıyla onlara ulaşın: Hey [Site Sahibi Adı] , Bugün [Web Sitesi] ile karşılaştığımda [ Bazı Ev Yapımı Sabun Tarifeleri] arıyordum . Harika şey! Aslında, [İnsanlara Evde Nasıl Lüks Sabun Yapılacağını Öğretir] için bir rehber başlattım . Genelde [$ X] ücret alırım, ama seni evine yollamaktan çok mutlu olurdum. Bana nasıl geldiğini söyle. Şerefe, [Adın] Bu strateji için kullandığınız dile çok dikkat etmek istersiniz. Google'ın Web Yöneticisi Yönergelerini ihlal eden bir bağlantı veya inceleme karşılığında ürününüze nasıl teklif vermediğinizi unutmayın
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这使得广告商对奥运会的兴趣陡增。“品牌不再像过去一样看待电视了,因为它不再是唯一的媒介,但是奥运会这样的盛事证明电视仍然为王。”Droga5曾经制作由游泳运动员迈克尔?菲尔普斯(Michael Phelps)为Under Armour代言的奥运会广告。 “奥运会对广告买家的价值比4年前高得多,”为广播公司提供咨询的Frank N Magid Associates公司的比尔?戴(Bill Day)称,“无论在哪都很难找到消费者集中的场合,更不用提在某个特定时段了。1978年,三分之一的家庭每周都会收看《伯南扎的牛仔》(Bonanza)。” NBC将在11个频道、数十个直播流媒体对里约奥运会进行长达6700个小时的现场直播。据康卡斯特CEO布莱恩?罗伯茨(Brian Roberts)表示,这相当于观看美国国家橄榄球联盟(NFL)自2008年以来的全部比赛。伦敦奥运会的大部分赛事都是以延迟录播的形式转播,播出时比赛结果已经率先在社交媒体上公布,这引发了观众的强烈抗议。里约奥运会以现场直播方式播出,预计将提升收视率。 然而,对于奥运会等赛事的提振效果能否逆转订户退订、有线电视观众数量下滑以及广告收入下滑的大趋势,分析师们持怀疑态度。 今天迄今,电视广播公司的东家有理由乐观。从今年的预售(电视广播公司吸引买家作出大量广告承诺)可以看出,在经历了3年下滑后,美国广播公司(ABC)、哥伦比亚广播公司(CBS)、NBC和福克斯(Fox)等大型电视广播公司的预售都有所增加。电视广播公司还发现,美国总统竞选的相关报道提高了收视率。 但是困扰这些媒体东家的问题是,当这一切喧哗结束后,电视能否留住扩大的观众群体。 “2017年(电视广告)预计将出现显著下滑,因为那时将失去政治广告投入和奥运会广告,”BTIG的里奇?格林菲尔德(Rich Greenfield)称,“收视率仍然很糟糕。媒体行业的问题是,不是每周都有奥运会。” 没有什么迹象表明有线用户退订的趋势在减弱。今年第二季度,一些最大规模的有线电视和卫星电视提供商——Verizon、AT&T、康卡斯特和Dish——总计流失了37.5万电视顾客。 与此同时,随着各品牌希望触及那些唾弃有线电视盒、转而欢迎流视频的年轻一代,预计明年数字化广告将首次超越电视广告。 Rubicon Project的调查显示,在千禧一代中,每10个人里有8个人表示会在网上观看奥运会直播,有7个人将在手机上观看直播。 NBC承认吸引退订用户的必要性,即使它牢牢攥住了奥运会转播权。该电视广播公司首次允许Snapchat和Facebook等社交媒体发布精彩场面和运动员采访片段,以此勾起人们对奥运会的兴趣。 与此同时,康卡斯特正专注于利用这股奥运热情向其客户证明他们每月有线电视账单的价值。 这家美国最大的有线电视提供商正通过其新款高科技有线盒子输送奥运直播内容。这款名为X1的盒子是机器人般的电视指南,康卡斯特将其与亚马逊(Amazon)的数字化助手Alexa相提并论。X1将提供“集成的奥运会仪表盘”,观众可以向遥控器说出指令,在有线直播节目、数字化精彩集锦流视频和实时奖牌榜之间搜索。在康卡斯特2200万视频订户中,约有40%的订户使用这款盒子。 康卡斯特的CEO称X1的奥运平台是探索“未来电视”的实验室。这家拥有53年历史的公司在上个季度失去了4000个电视顾客,它押注了78亿美元打赌其CEO判断正确。 责任编辑:许明晓 Are you ready for climate change? Because it’s not coming...it’s here.It seems there is always an extreme weather event or natural disaster of some sort headlining in the news. It’s become so constant that it’s easy to become inured to the devastation. Unless, of course, you are the village in the Philippines that got swept away by a typhoon, or a US farmer in the Midwest who had to slaughter his cattle early because he could not afford the rising cost of corn to feed them. But take a look at all of these events together and you may start to consider preparing for a world in which everyone’s lives—your life—is affected by climate change. In some ways, the signs that point to a climate moving away from stable norms can be distinguished easily just by looking at all of the natural disasters that have happened around the world in the past decade. In other ways, these signs are much subtler. For example, in 2010 alone, 19 countries around the world set national records for extreme temperatures. To get some insight into just how frequently extreme weather events take place, and how they affect food production, let’s look at droughts and severe heat waves that have taken place around the world in this new millennium. Tune in and feel the heat of Drought: Greatest Hits Of The 2000’s. TexasThe drought that took Texas in 2011 was reported as the most expensive drought ever suffered by a state in the history of the US. In one year, agricultural producers lost a total of $7.62 billion. Among those hit the hardest were livestock farmers (losing $3.23 billion) and cotton growers (losing $2.2 billion). Texas is the largest producer of these two commodities, making up 15% of beef cattle and 25% of cotton produced in the US. As the drought ravaged the land, wilting grazing pastures and all other forages, some livestock farmers opted to pack their tens of thousands of cattle onto double decker trucks to be shipped up north where greener pastures lay in Nebraska and parts of Montana. The cause—like many droughts and heat waves you will read about here—was the climatic event La Niña, El Niño’s counterpart, which had pushed storm paths further north in the US. This greatly reduced rainfall in the South, stretching from Arizona to the Carolinas. Unfortunately for Texas, the state happened to be at the epicenter of the area impacted by this extraordinary dry weather. Southeastern EuropeIn 2012, heat waves wreaked havoc in Italy all the way to the Ukraine. This long lasting heat spell greatly reduced corn crop yields, particularly in Italy, which is the EU’s third largest corn producer. The wildfires and numerous heat related deaths in 2012 were highly reminiscent of those that took place during heat waves that Europe had endured just five years previously. In 2007: - In Hungary, heat related deaths reached up to 500. - In Romania, 19,000 were admitted to a hospital due to symptoms caused by the heat wave, mostly respiratory problems. - Raging wildfires spread throughout Italy, Greece and Macedonia. - A state of national emergency was declared in both Bosnia and Macedonia when temperatures reached 45C (113F). The Polar Jet StreamThe heat waves in southeastern Europe, the drought in the US, as well as the torrential rainfall that western Europe saw in 2012 have all been associated with the polar jet stream, one of the fast moving air currents in the atmosphere which pushes weather patterns from west to east around the Earth. Since the Arctic has been warming nearly twice as fast as the rest of the Northern hemisphere, there has been a major alteration in the course of the polar jet stream, making it increasingly wavier. This has caused weather systems to progress slower than normal, allowing for extreme weather events such as flooding, drought, and heat waves to persist longer. [/info] IndiaIn 2012, India went through its fourth drought in the past dozen years. The copious rainfall that India normally experiences during the monsoon, its primary source of fresh water, dropped by an average of 12 percent, delaying the sowing of major crops such as rice, oilseeds and lentils. Although agriculture contributes only 21% of India’s GDP, its importance in the country’s economic, social, and political fabric goes well beyond this indicator. The rural areas are still home to some 72 percent of the India’s 1.1 billion people, a large number of whom are poor. Most of the rural poor depend on rain-fed agriculture and fragile forests for their livelihoods.Crops were not the only thing affected by the weak monsoon. Water levels fell so low that water powered dams which supply part of India’s electricity were not able to generate their usual supply. Short supplies of electricity were exacerbated as heat stricken Indians turned up their fans and air conditioners and farmers turned to electric pumps to irrigate their fields with well water. It was reported by the New York Times that the lack of monsoon rainfall was an underlying cause for blackouts which caused over half the country to be without power in the month of July. Carlo Martello: dai Merovingi ai CarolingiDopo la caduta dell’Impero Romano d’Occidente, mentre in Italia si succedono la dominazione gotica, bizantina e longobarda, in Gallia si stabilisce un forte popolo venuto dalle regioni germaniche: i Franchi. Questo popolo, unico fra tutti i popoli barbari, si converte al cattolicesimo nel V secolo e diviene il più valido difensore della Chiesa d Roma. I suoi sovrani prendono il nome di Merovingi, dal lontano capostipite Meroveo. Il più saggio e valoroso re merovingio è Clodoveo, vissuto dal 481 al 511. I suoi successori che dopo circa due secoli governano ancora la Francia, ma hanno preso la consuetudine di non occuparsi affatto degli affari d governo: divenuti inetti ed oziosi, non hanno né la capacità, né la voglia di amministrare lo Stato e di guidare l’esercito nelle continue guerre contro i popoli rivali. Essi conducono ormai una vita tale da essere soprannominato, dai loro stessi sudditi “re fannulloni”. Chi svolge tutte le attività di governo in loro vece è il “maestro di palazzo”. Questo titolo. All’inizio, significava soltanto “capo della servitù del palazzo del re”. I sovrani, con il tempo, cominciano ad affidare a costoro un numero sempre maggiore di incarichi per cui, gradatamente, il maestro di palazzo diventa un vero e proprio ministro del re; non solo, ma chi occupa questa carica diventa immancabilmente più abile, più competente ed anche più potente dello stesso sovrano nella conduzione degli affari di Stato. E la carica diventa, addirittura, ereditaria. Carlo Martello fu uno di questi maestri di palazzo: infatti, tutti i libri di storia ricordano il suo nome mentre pochissimi citano i re Merovingi di cui egli era servitore. Carlo Martello era figlio di Pipino di Heristal, anch’egli maestro di palazzo. Alla morte del padre, due fratellastri di Carlo Martello suddivisero l’incarico di maggiordomo: uno si riservò l’Austrasia e l’altro la Neustria, mentre Carlo rimase praticamente prigioniero della matrigna. Dopo essere riuscito a fuggire, sconfisse i due fratellastri, riunificò il regno dei Franchi, rimanendone così l’unico capo. Fu maestro di palazzo di due re Merovingi, ma governò sempre egli stesso con assoluta potestà. Addirittura, alla morte del secondo re, egli lasciò vacante il trono per tanti anni, senza preoccuparsi dell’incoronazione di un successore. Condusse guerre vittoriose contro i Frisoni, i Sassoni, gli Alamanni e i Bàvari, estendendo i confini del suo regno. Dopo la vittoria di Poitiers nel 732, tolse agli Arabi anche Avignone, respingendoli definitivamente al di là dei Pirenei. Si occupò anche di inviare dei missionari cristiani presso i popoli cristiani. Alla sua morte, avvenuta nel 741, l’asciò l’incarico di maestro di palazzo al figlio Pipino il Breve che rinchiuse in un convento il proprio re e si proclamò egli stesso re, mel 751. Iniziò così una nuova dinastia: quella dei Carolingi. Uno dei suoi due figli, Carlo, fu il fondatore del Sacro Romano Impero con il nome di Carlo Magno. Did you know that your movie theater favorite can be grown at home, even in an urban garden? When it comes to how to grow popcorn, the rules are virtually the same as for growing corn. Popcorn is best direct sown after the last possibility of frost has passed for the season. You should select an area that has access to full sun, but some degree of wind protection, as high winds can knock over tender stalks, especially when in combination with rain. The Native Americans grew up to 700 different varieties of popcorn. Plant popcorn 2” deep and 6” apart in rows 12” apart. For proper pollination you should plant several rows as opposed to one long row. Instead of one 9’ row, for example, you would be better off planting three 3’ rows 12” apart from one another. While this isn’t absolutely necessary you may find that your popcorn does not pollinate properly otherwise, and your stalks will not produce ears, which means no popcorn. Once the popcorn has germinated, thin seedlings to 14-15” apart. It is good to note that without complete pollination, the ears will not develop full rows of kernels. To ensure full pollination, lightly shake the stalks on a calm day after the tassels have begun to release the yellow pollen. This will ensure that the female flowers get fully pollinated and your ears will be full. The best way to harvest popcorn is to leave it on the stalk to dry fully until the first frost. If the climate is too damp, you can bring the ears indoors to dry. If you bring them indoors, strip back the husks and tied several ears together by the husk. Hang these in a warm, dry area until the kernels are completely dry and pop off the cob easily. I corsi di laurea EMBA sono opzioni scolastici flessibili e accessibili per i professionisti che lavorano a tempo pieno. Oggi in 's mercato del lavoro, è ' 's non facile da trovare un vantaggio competitivo. Persone sia occupati e disoccupati guardano a un EMBA. Un Master of Business Administration (MBA) è presentato ai laureati al termine dei due anni di argomenti di studio che copre avanzate e specializzate, come le imprese, la gestione, la finanza e la contabilità. Guadagnare un MBA può dare laureati un vantaggio competitivo rispetto ad altri candidati di lavoro in un mercato del lavoro aggressivo. Istruzione nel Regno Unito è una questione devoluto con ciascuno dei paesi del Regno Unito che hanno sistemi separati sotto diversi governi: il governo britannico è responsabile per l'Inghilterra, e il governo scozzese, il governo gallese e l'esecutivo dell'Irlanda del Nord sono responsabili per la Scozia , Galles e Irlanda del Nord, rispettivamente. Birmingham è sede di sei università, il più grande istituto di educazione nel Regno Unito, tre scuole di business e di tre istituti di istruzione religiosa. Non c'è da meravigliarsi che sia la seconda città britannica più popolosa, oltre Londra. Guarda gli Executive MBA negli Birmingham nel Regno Unito 2019 I soldi. Fa il giro del mondo, è certo. Se lo hai, vuoi di più, se non lo hai, ne hai bisogno. Ottenendolo è piuttosto semplice in teoria [+] Executive MBA Avviare la propria attività I soldi. Fa il giro del mondo, è certo. Se lo hai, vuoi di più, se non lo hai, ne hai bisogno. Ottenendolo in teoria è abbastanza semplice - trovare un lavoro, lavorare sodo e ottenere promosso. "Simples" come alcuni mercati possono dire
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the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994. Pursuant to the Act, the United States Sentencing Commission established a sentencing enhancement of “not less than 3 offense levels for [federal] offenses that the finder of fact at trial determines beyond a reasonable doubt are hate crimes.” The enhancement defines a hate crime as “a crime in which the defendant intentionally selects a victim, or in the case of a property crime, the property that is the object of the crime, because of the actual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin, ethnicity, gender, disability, or sexual orientation of any person.” The Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996 The Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996 was enacted in response to a disturbing rash of arson directed at houses of worship, with African American churches disproportionately victimized. According to Justice Department officials, DOJ opened 658 investigations of suspicious fires, bombings, and attempted bombings from January 1, 1995, to August 18, 1998. Of the 658 attacks directed against houses of worship, 220 were predominantly African-American institutions. The Church Arson Prevention Act was initially sponsored by Sens. Lauch Faircloth (R-NC) and Edward Kennedy (D-MA) and by Reps. Henry Hyde (R-IL) and John Conyers (D-MI). 107th Congress (2001-2002)The Local Law Enforcement Enhancement Act (LLEEA) (S.625) was introduced onMarch 27, 2001. The measure would have removed existing obstacles to federal hate crime prosecutions and extended federal hate crime law that currently covers race, religion and national origin to cover hate crimes based on actual or perceived sexual orientation, gender or disability. 109th Congress (2005-2006) The Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2005, passed September 14 as an amendment to H.R. 3132, the Children’s Safety Act of 2005, would have expanded the definition of hate crimes to include offenses involving actual or perceived religion, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability. 110th Congress (2007-2008) In 2007, Congress came closer than ever in addressing a critical gap in current federal hate crimes law and expanded existing hate crimes coverage to include violence based on sexual orientation, gender, and disability. The Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2007 (H.R. 1592) was introduced in the House onMarch 20, 2007, and in the Senate onApril 12, 2007. 111th Congress (2009-2010) The Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2009 (LLEHCPA) was introduced in the 111th Congress by Representatives John Conyers, D. Mich., and Mark Kirk, R. Ill., in the House. Although no person, of any age, gender, race, or lifestyle should ever be a victim of hate induced criminal activity, should it be necessary to make a special status for those of any other category than, average American White Christian Straight person? Isn’t any violent crime against any innocent party really a crime of hate? Only those inEuropeandAmerica’s progressive movements would seem to think so enough to further place their metal studded Jack boots harder on the necks of their citizens. Hate Crimes laws have lead to Christian ministers andChristian people being fines and jail all over Europe,AustraliaandCanada. These laws are not so much to help those it covers as they are to punish and quiet the pesky Religious Right of those nations. Is it any wonder that all of these nations enacted strict gun control and gun confiscation before enacting the Hate Crimes laws? Do you think it will be any different here in the good ol’ US of A? I don’t think so. Progressives and the Democratic Party here in the USA use their elected powers to subjugate the American people. Is it any wonder that we see attacks such as Waco and Ruby Ridge, and repelling of DADT, the push for stricter gun control, the take over of internet and net neutrality and the Fairness Doctrine under Democratic Presidents and Congress’? The Democrats only want to use their power to control you and me. Now we have Obama trying to force the Catholic Church and Catholic Services to provide not only contraception, but also abortion day after pills, and provide monies toward public abortion. The people of America have to make up their minds. We all set back and say, “Well, we don’t have a choice that is what the government makes us do”Patriots, there is a choice, it just isn’t a happy one. The Church must make a stand on this. The Churches of America need to give up their Worship of Mammon and Baal. If God wants you to be a church, you will be without the handout from Caesar. It is time for the church to be the Church, or just become the milk toast wishy wash I’m ok your ok, on the Cross offered, drink of wine mixed with gall that we get from Oprah and Joel Osteen. It is time to be the church and stand for something. It is 1933 again. Will you sign a pact with the Devil? Vote Republican this coming election, any other vote is against freedom and our way of life. Do it even if you have to put a cloths pine on your nose because Obama has got to be stopped. Hell, I’ll do it even if it’s Ron Paul. You decide! Electric Circuits By Noel M. Morris and Frank W. Senior Pdf This publication is just one of a series to be used by pupils not as a proposal but also as a guide to good practice at the solution of issues. The subjects from the book have been carefully chosen to represent the most well-known regions of research in a first year undergraduate, HND, and HNC course in Electronic and Electrical engineering. Every chapter opens with a Fact Sheet containing applicable definitions, principles, theorems and encouraging information. This can be followed by a pair of worked examples demonstrating the overall subject of research covered by this chapter. Every chapter concludes with a choice of unworked issues (with answers). The answers in the publication are the responsibility of the writers. The subjects covered include basic mechanical and electrical components, circuit theory for example net present and node voltage analysis (including both independent and dependent sources). The reader can be introduced into the idea of apparent power, power, responsive VA, and power factor development. Coupled circuits as well as the transformer are covered, as are polyphase systems, symmetrical components, and also the dimension of electricity. Last, the four appendixes cover complex numbers, matrices, determinants, the usage of computer applications appropriate to the alternative of electrical circuits, and partial fractions. It’s a very simple thing to watch a specialist building a construction; just how distinct it becomes when you’re confronted with exactly the exact same issue! Therefore it’s with Electric Circuit Analysis. It’s not hard to read how to address problems, but solving a difficulty in practice involves special abilities. The reader must develop his/her intellectual abilities by trying to fix the issues at the conclusion of every chapter. Each query should be carefully researched, and potential methods for its solution ought to be considered (there are usually several methods of solving any problem!) ; there are not any shortcuts to mastering the method of problem solving. A number of the solutions within this publication have been assessed using computer applications, but before they’ve been exercised the hard way by means of a pencil and a calculator. DMCA Disclaimer: This site complies with DMCA Digital Copyright Laws. Please bear in mind that we do not own copyrights to these books. We’re sharing this material with our audience ONLY for educational purpose. We highly encourage our visitors to purchase original books from the respected publishers. If someone with copyrights wants us to remove this content, please contact us immediately. All books on the ozielbook.com are free and YOU HAVE TO KNOW THAT WE DO NOT HOSTED ALL FILES ON OUR WEBSITE. If you feel that we have violated your copyrights, then please contact us immediately (click here). Il documento "Draft Contets of the 2010 Update to the Model Tax Convention", pubblicato a maggio, riguarda alcune proposte di modifica apportate alla versione 2008 del modello di Convenzione contro la doppia imposizione, che saranno, in linea di massima, recepite dall'Ocse nei prossimi mesi di settembre e ottobre. Il draft ha tiene conto dei risultati delle discussioni che nel triennio 2007-2009 hanno riguardato varie disposizioni convenzionali: - "the granting of treaty benefits with respect to the income of Collective Investment Vehicles"; - "revised discussion draft of a new article 7 of the OECD Model Tax Convention"; - "application of tax treaties to State-owned entities, including Sovereign Wealth Funds; - "tax treaty issues related to common telecommunication transactions"; - "revised changes to the Commentary on paragraph 2 of Article 15". I cambiamenti più interessanti sono contenuti negli articoli 1 "Person Covered", 7 "Business Profits", 12 "Royalties" e 15 "Income from Employment" del modello di Convenzione. Il problema degli organismi di investimento collettivo Il primo documento proposto dal "Centre for Tax Policy and Administration" contiene una serie di raccomandazioni e linee guida il cui obiettivo è risolvere problemi di natura giuridica e politica relativi ai "collective investment Vehicle" (Civ). Le modifiche al commentario (articolo 1 del Modello di Convenzione) riguardano l'applicazione delle disposizioni convenzionali ai redditi prodotti e distribuiti dai collective investment vehicles. Sono state prese in considerazione alcune questioni di carattere meramente tecnico che consentono di stabilire come un collective investment vehicle possa essere definito e quindi considerato "persona", "residente" e soprattutto "beneficiario effettivo" del reddito secondo l'applicazione dei benefici convenzionali. Benefici e disposizioni convenzionali Sono state poi apportate ulteriori modifiche nel corso di una riunione da parte del "Centre for Tax Policy and Administration", nel corso della quale è stato puntualizzato che: a) l'applicazione dei benefici convenzionali ai collective investment vehicle può essere garantita, con riguardo ai trattati bilaterali già in vigore, mediante semplice scambio di note, consentendo di evitare la loro rinegoziazione per poter includere disposizioni ad hoc; b) gli Stati, nel corso delle negoziazioni bilaterali, hanno facoltà di organizzare e regolamentare diversamente l'applicazione delle disposizioni convenzionali dei suddetti enti (tenendo presente l'eventuale deroga al trattamento prevista dal commentario). Per quanto concerne invece le modifiche introdotte all'articolo 7 del Modello di Convenzione si è stabilito di riscriverlo in parte rispetto alla precedente versione. Le più importanti novità riguardano: - il comma 2 nella nuova versione prevede che nella determinazione del reddito da attribuire alla stabile organizzazione è necessario tenere conto delle "functions performed, assets used and risks assumed by the enterprise through the permanet establishment and through the other parts of the enterprise"; - il comma 3 vuole evitare fenomeni di doppia imposizione connessi al fatto che gli Stati contraenti possano interpretare differentemente la disposizione del medesimo articolo. Invece le modifiche al documento "Application of tax treaties to State-owned entities, includine Sovereign Wealth Funds" riguardano principalmente l'applicazione del principio "Sovereign immunity" in materia tributaria, sui cui limiti non esiste alcuna uniformità di vedute a livello internazionale, preferendo far dipendere l'applicazione dei benefici convenzionali dai fatti e dalle circostanze del caso concreto. Common telecommunication transactions: benefici convenzionali Risultano particolarmente interessanti le novità introdotte in tema di disposizioni convenzionali relative alle "common telecommunication transactions" per le quali vengono introdotte due nuove definizioni, prima mancanti: - "transponder leasing": un operatore può consentire al cliente di utilizzare la capacità del satellite transponder per trasmettere in un'ampia area geografica; - "spectrum licence": è consentito trasmettere media content su specifici ranges di frequenze dello spettro elettromagnetico. In entrambi i casi i pagamenti relativi non costituiscono royalties. Infine per quanto concerne il commentario al comma 2 dell'articolo 15, il Cta ha stabilito che, oltre alla possibilità di rifiutare l'applicazione del comma 2 sulla base delle definizione stessa di "employment" fornita dalla legislazione interna, a un Paese sia riconosciuta la possibilità di non concedere benefici convenzionali nelle ipotesi in cui sia ravvisabile un comportamento abusivo. ابزار کمک آموزشی زبان کودکان Touch & Learn PLAYMAT Playmat تنها یک اسباب بازی برای سرگرمی نیست، بلکه یک محصول فوق العاده برای افزایش علاقمندی کودکان برای فراگیری زبان انگلیسی است. پنج ابزار آموزشی در این بازی وجود دارد که شامل الفبای انگلیسی، واژه ها، تلفظ واژه ها، رنگ ها، شکل ها و همچنین نواختن موسیقی است. کودکان می توانند همزمان انگلیسی یاد بگیرند و بازی کنند. لمسی (Touch Sensitive)، کاملا کاربردی، ضد آب، قابل نظافت به قیمت استثنایی این محصول نگاهی بیاندازید!!! The War on Terror Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) was the president of Iraq from 1979 to 2006. He was born to a peasant family near Tikrit in north-central Iraq but was educated in Baghdad. At age 20, he joined the Ba’ath Party, a secular Pan-Arab political movement committed to liberating Arab countries from western domination. He was imprisoned from 1964 for his political activities. After escaping in 1967, he participated in the coup that brought the Ba’ath Party to power. He served as deputy to the president, Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr, before succeeding him to office upon Bakr’s resignation in 1979. As president, Hussein attacked Iran in 1980, shortly after Shiite clerics successfully overthrew the Shah. Hussein opposed the radical Islamic government of his neighbor and hoped to exploit the country’s political turmoil to seize control of its rich oil fields. But in 1988, the war ended in a stalemate, leaving more than a million dead and Iraq’s national debt vastly increased. To improve his nation’s finances, Hussein invaded oil-rich Kuwait in 1990 triggering the first Persian Gulf War. American president George H.W. Bush built a coalition that included Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Syria, as well as Great Britain, France, and Canada. Beginning with massive air strikes on 16 January 1991, the coalition drove Iraq from Kuwait and occupied much of southern Iraq before President Bush declared a cease-fire on 28 February. Over the decade following the war, Hussein provided uneven cooperation with United Nations arms inspectors charged with enforcing the cease-fire requirement that he dismantle all weapons programs. Following the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, President George W. Bush argued that Hussein’s uneven record of cooperation was one of the reasons that he should be removed from power. Following the American invasion of Iraq in March 2003, Hussein fled the capital and remained in hiding until captured in December 2003. He was tried before an Iraq court for crimes against humanity that included the massacre of 148 Shiite citizens of Al-Dujayl. He was convicted on 5 November and hanged 30 December 2006. وی با بیان اینکه 8 درصد از ذخایر گاز جهان و 50 درصد ذخایر گاز ایران در میدان پارس جنوبی قرار دارد، گفت: ارزش مخزن پارس جنوبی 156 میلیون تن طلاست. حسنی با اشاره به شرکت مجتمع گاز پارس جنوبی گفت: این شرکت به منظور بهرهبرداری از فازهای توسعهای میدان گازی پارس جنوبی به عنوان یکی از شرکتهای فرعی شرکت ملی گازایران در سال 1377 تاسیس شده و مسوولیت بهرهبرداری پالایشگاههای گاز پارس جنوبی در سایت یک (عسلویه) و سایت 2 (کنگان) را بر عهده دارد. وی افزود: در حال حاضر تولید گاز در مجتمع گاز پارس جنوبی به
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utuplarda ivmelenen yüklü parçacıklar, kutupların doğrultusunda bir ışınım fışkırmasına yol açarlar. Eğer, bu ışınımın yönü tesadüfen bizim yönümüzdeyse, biz bu ışınımı atmalar (pulse) olarak görürüz. Yıldızın her dönüşünde, bu ışınım bakış doğrultumuzdan bir kez geçer. Bu şekilde gözlenen nötron yıldızlarına atarca (pulsar) adı verilir. İlk atarca, 1967 yılında tesadüfen keşfedildi. doktora öğrencisi Joustin Bell tarafından farkedilen düzenli bir sinyal yaklaşık bir yıl boyunca bilim adamlarının kafasını karıştırdıktan sonra, olayın aslı anlaşıldı. Çok düzenli ve hızlı olan bu sinyallerin, ancak küçük çaptaki bir gökcisminin dönüşünden kaynaklanabileceğini tahmin eden astronomlar, böylece, o zamana değin sadece teoride varolan nötron yıldızlarının varlığını kanıtladılar. Bugün bilinen yaklaşık 600 atarca vardır. Bilinen en hızlı atarca ise saniyede 642 defa dönmektedir. Eğer, ölen yıldızdan artakalan çekirdeğin kütlesi 2,5 Güneş kütlesinden büyükse, artık bu yıldızı dengede tutacak herhangi bir kuvvet yoktur. O halde, bu yıldız sonsuza değin çökecek; ancak, biz bunu belli bir aşamadan sonra göremeyeceğiz. Bir cismi görebilmemiz için, bu cisimden kaynaklanan ya da yansıyan ışığın gözlerimize ulaşması gerekir. Eğer, 2,5 güneş kütlesindeki bu cisim, 3 kilometreden küçük bir çapa kadar sıkışırsa, bu cismin kütleçekimi, hiçbir şeyin, ışığın bile bu cisimden kaçmasına olanak tanımaz. Bu nedenle bu cisimlere "karadelik" adı verilir. Hiç ışık yaymadığı ve yansıtmadığı için, bir karadeliği doğrudan gözlemek mümkün değildir; ancak, çeşitli yöntemlerle, varlığını anlamak hatta kütlesini ölçmek mümkün olabiliyor. Yöntemlerden birisi şudur: Eğer, bir ikili yıldız sisteminin üyerinden birisi kara delikse, ve eğer yıldızdan karadeliğe bir madde akışı oluyorsa, karadeliğin etrafında dönerek, içerisine düşen madde güçlü x-ışınları yayar. Bu güçlü ışınım, bir karadeliğin varlığının göstergesi olabilir. Diğer bir yöntem, "kütleçekimsel mercek" olarak bilinen etkiden yararlanılmasıdır. Karadeliğin yarattığı çok güçlü kütleçekimi, yakınından geçen ışık ışınlarının bükülmesine neden olur. Yani karadelik, bir mercek gibi davranır. Eger bir karadelik, uzaktaki bir ışık kaynağıyla Dünyanın arasına girerse, bu cismin görüntüsü, mercek etkisinden dolayı bozulmalara uğrar. Bugüne kadar, Samanyolu içerisinde, bir kütleçekimsel mercek etkisine rastlanmadı. Buna karşın, çok uzaklarda bulunan kuasarlarla aramıza giren karadelikler tespit edildi. معاون اول رئیس جمهور موافقت کرد معاون توسعه ورزش قهرمانی و حرفه ای وزارت ورزش و جوانان از موافقت معاون اول رئیس جمهوری برای پاداش پیروزی های مرحله مقدماتی تیم ملی فوتبال ایران در جام ملت های 2019 آسیا خبر داد. به گزارش جام جم آنلاین از وزارت ورزش وجوانان، با پیگیری های مسعود سلطانی فر و موافقت «اسحاق جهانگیری» معاون اول رئیس جمهور، پاداش پیروزی های مرحله مقدماتی تیم ملی در جام ملت های آسیا پرداخت می شود. محمدرضا داورزنی در این باره گفت: این پاداش خارج از اعتبار سال 97 فدراسیون فوتبال تامین و برای پشتیبانی و هزینه های تیم ملی و پرداخت پاداش تیم ملی فوتبال در مرحله مقدماتی و قبل از آغاز مرحله حذفی جام ملت های آسیا تامین و پرداخت می شود. تیم ایران در نخستین دیدار مرحله مقدماتی جام ملت های آسیا برابر یمن با پنج گل به برتری دست یافت و در دومین دیدار با 2 گل از سد ویتنام گذشت. ایران در گروه دی هفدهمین دوره جام ملت های آسیا با تیم های ویتنام، یمن و عراق همگروه است. این مسابقات از 15 دی ماه به میزبانی کشور امارات متحده عربی آغاز شد و 12 بهمن ماه به پایان می رسد. 2010 World Monuments Watch Perched high on a hill at the confluence of the Pahra and Desna rivers, the Church of the Icon of the Mother of God of the Sign surveys the surrounding topography of Podol’sk, a Russian industrial city just south of Moscow. Cast against an often bleak winter terrain, the church and its octagonal tower emerge from the landscape as would a lighthouse at sea, capped by a blazing, golden crown. Completed in 1704 by order of Boris Alexeevich Golitsyn and supported by then Russian Czar Peter I, the church’s unique architecture and design place it among the most significant of its period in Russia. Religious figures peer from atop the richly hewn stone façades, among the first demonstrations of religious sculpture in a country and culture that had long believed statuary to be idolatrous. Inside, rich blues accent interior walls saturated by religious paintings, iconic reliefs, and gilded wooden carving. Religious repression under the Soviet Russian resulted in the closing of the church regime in the 1930s, and it fell into heavy disrepair in the last 80 years. When it was finally returned to the local community in the early 1990s, extensive ground and atmospheric water damage had already exacted a heavy toll. Since the Watch Since Watch listing, the Church of the Icon of the Mother of God of the Sign received a 2010 award from the U.S. Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation for restoration efforts. August 2010 Sono tre i giocatori gialloblù impegnati nelle sfide con le rispettive nazionali. gazzanet Verona, gli impegni dei tre nazionali gialloblù L'Italia U20 di Danzi sfiderà la Polonia, Kumbulla in campo con l'Albania Under 21, Balkovec contro la Bulgaria Andrea Danzi scenderà in campo con l'Italia Under 20, nella sfide contro la Polonia U20 il 6 settembre. Marash Kumbulla sarà impegnato con l'Albania Under 21 nel delicato match contro la Spagna U21 (6 settembre), valido per le qualificazioni a Euro 2019, e nell'amichevole contro l'Italia U21 l'11 settembre. Jure Balkovec, invece, vestirà la maglia slovena in Nations League, il 6 settembre contro la Bulgaria e il 9 contro il Cipro. © RIPRODUZIONE RISERVATA عبور و مرور اتوبوسهای تندرو در خط خیابان ولیعصر به دلیل بارش برف و یخ زدگی خیابانی های شمالی پایتخت و عدم برف روبی به موقع شهرداری تهران با اختلال روبه رو شد. مسافران به دلیل توقف طولانی اتوبوس ها مجبور به تخلیه آن ها و پیاده روی در ادامه مسیر شدند. Job opportunities for Spanish speakers include linguists, children’s book authors, lexicographers and diplomats. Bilingual employees tend to earn more compared to their non-bilingual counterparts in the same positions.Continue Reading Linguists are in demand, especially in the research and translation fields. A degree in Spanish and fluency in the language helps to improve the chances of getting hired for this position. Linguists are mainly concerned with the development and spread of language. Spanish speakers with creative minds can also succeed as children’s book authors. Many parents prefer to teach their children a second language from a young age, and bilingual children's books are a convenient way to achieve this. Books written in both English and Spanish are now very popular. Lexicography deals with researching, writing and proofreading dictionary definitions. Spanish to English translation dictionaries are in demand because they allow Spanish natives speakers to easily translate phrases and words into English and vice versa. Lastly, Spanish speakers with the right educational background and experience can find jobs as diplomats. Government jobs provide a stable income and additional benefits. A diplomat’s job involves translating, negotiating and researching information. The U.S. government also hires interpreters who facilitate communications between parties in real-time. The job involves translating at community speaking events and political meetings, among other places.Learn more about Job Search The following exercise consists in write a function that prints the type of a given monomorphic function. No, we are not talking about type-inference. We will use the one that Haskell brings. Anyway, the task is to define a function writeType that, given some Haskell value (which can be a function), print its type on the screen. It's not a hard exercise, so it can be tried by a beginner that already knows how to work with Haskell types. Try it before read the solution. This is also my first attempt to create a blog post with Pancod and HsColour from a literate Haskell source code. The approach of the solution is similar (identical) to the one taken in the Data.Typeable base module. We will import the intersperse function, which will be useful when defining a pretty-printer for types. import Data.List (intersperse) Our first mission is a function that, for some type a, returns its type signature. Something like typeOf :: a -> Type. But we need to first define the data Type = TCons String [Type] | TList Type | TTuple [Type] | TFun Type Type deriving Show TConsconstructor is for type constructors, like TListfor lists of a given type. TTuplefor tuples. With the empty list you get the unit type ( TFunis the type constructor for functions. Note that one can, actually, make all types only with the TCons constructor (think how if you don't know it), but I still prefer this way. Since we want of typeOf to run over every type, a good way to achieve this is to use a typeclass and implement specific methods for each type. class Typed a where typeOf :: a -> Type Now is trivial to make some instances. instance Typed Int where typeOf _ = TCons "Int" instance Typed Float where typeOf _ = TCons "Float" instance Typed Bool where typeOf _ = TCons "Bool" instance Typed Char where typeOf _ = TCons "Char" And that's the way for types of null arity. Note that we always discard arguments. This is necessary, because we really need to avoid depending in values. We will have problems if the compiler tries to reduce some expression. Even it would be nonsensical, because the type of a value has nothing to do with one of its values. Now, let's define our first type trick. If we want to define instances for types with positive arity, we will need to apply typeOf with argument(s) of the inner(s) type(s). Here is provided the deconstructor for types with arity one. decons :: t a -> a decons = undefined As you can see, it is not actually defined. All we need is to use its type, so the definition does not matter. Note why we did not want of typeOf to try to evaluate its argument. Let's apply this to the instance Typed a => Typed (Maybe a) where typeOf m = let t = typeOf $ decons m in TCons "Maybe" [t] The same trick works with lists. instance Typed a => Typed [a] where typeOf xs = let t = typeOf $ decons xs in TList t It's the turn for tuples. We will do only the 2-uple, since for other tuple orders the same idea is valid. Since the constructor of 2-uples has arity two, we need another deconstructor. decons2 :: t a b -> (a,b) decons2 = undefined I'm sure you already figure out how to define the deconsN function for any N. Using the deconstructor with tuples we have the following instance. instance (Typed a,Typed b) => Typed (a,b) where typeOf tup = let (x,y) = decons2 tup in TTuple [typeOf x,typeOf y] The good thing is that all types are traversed recursively. For example, with typeOf (1,Just 2), it's reduced to TTuple [typeOf 1,typeOf (Just 2)], then to TTuple [TCons "Int" , TCons "Maybe" [typeOf 2]], and finally to TTuple [TCons "Int" , TCons "Maybe" [TCons "Int" ]]. Well, this evaluation is not true, but it works like that (replacing with undefineds everywhere!). What does this work is the Haskell type system. We are only playing with types, never with values. The last instance we will do is for the function type constructor. Though, if you think about it, there is not something new. The arrow -> is just a type constructor with arity 2. instance (Typed a,Typed b) => Typed (a -> b) where typeOf f = let (x,y) = decons2 f in TFun (typeOf x) (typeOf y) However, our problem does not end here (though here ends the most interesting part). The problem was to print the type of a given function. The next step is to write a pretty-printer function for types. First, it will be handy to have a function that tell us if a type will need to be parenthesized when appears as an argument for some type constructor. For example, Int -> Int in Maybe (Int -> Int). plural :: Type -> Bool plural (TCons _ xs) = not $ null xs plural (TFun _ _) = True plural _ = False An argument of an applied type constructor only will need to be parenthesized when its arity is not null. A function always will need it (because it's a constructor with arity two). No other will thanks to the syntax of tuples and list types. They are already parenthesized in some way. However if the type constructor is the arrow -> the parenthesis are only needed when the left argument is a function type, since is infix and right-associative. For example, Maybe Float -> (Float -> Float) does not need parenthesis (I put them to make clear the association order), but (Maybe Float -> Float) -> Float needs them. Let's define then a function that test if a type is functional. isFun :: Type -> Bool isFun (TFun _ _) = True isFun _ = False To surround an expression with parenthesis we define the par :: String -> String par str = concat ["(",str,")"] It's time for our printType :: Type -> String function. For expressions that must be parenthesized when needed we will use the variant printTypeIf. It will put parenthesis when a test function holds. printTypeIf :: (Type -> Bool) -> Type -> String printTypeIf f t = (if f t then par else id) $ printType t Now the full pretty-printer, using all the mentioned above. printType :: Type -> String printType (TCons n ts) = unwords $ n : fmap (printTypeIf plural) ts printType (TList t) = concat [ "[" , printType t , "]" ] printType (TTuple ts) = par . concat $ intersperse ", " $ fmap printType ts printType (TFun t1 t2) = unwords [ printTypeIf isFun t1 , "->" , printType t2 ] Finally, the required function writeType :: Typed a => a -> IO () can be written now immediately. writeType :: Typed a => a -> IO () writeType = putStrLn . printType . typeOf So we are done! You can try the next example: example :: (Int -> Int) -> Maybe Bool -> Maybe (Int -> Int) example f mb
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Türkçe dışında farklı dil ve lehçelerde de yayın yapılabilir. Siyasi partilerin milletvekili genel ve ara seçimleri ile mahalli idarelerin genel seçimleri sırasında radyo ve televizyonlardan faydalanmaları,seçim propagandası yapmaları ve yükümlülükleri ile bu faydalanmanın esas,şekil ve şartları 26.4.1961 tarihli ve 298 sayılı,10.6.1983 tarihli ve 2839 sayılı ve 18.1.1984 tarih ve 2972 sayılı kanunlarda yer alan hükümlere tabidir. (1) Başbakan veya görevlendireceği bakan, milli güvenliğin açıkça gerekli kıldığı hallerde, bir haber veya yayını menetmeye yetkilidir. Men kararının yazılı olması esastır. Ancak, acele hallere men kararı sözlü olarak da iletilebilir. Bu durumda men kararının en kısa zamanda yazı ile tekrarlanması şarttır. Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumunun sorumluluğu altında yapılmayan yayınların menedilmesi halinde, men kararı ilgililere, Genel Müdürlükçe alındığı tarihten başlayarak yirmidört saat içinde bildirilir. 26 Nisan 1961 tarih ve298 sayılı Seçimlerin Temel Hükümleri ve Seçmen Kütükleri Hakkında Kanunun 52 ila 55 inci maddeleri uyarınca siyasi partiler adına yapılan konuşmalar hakkında birinci fıkra hükümleri uygulanmaz. Birinci fıkrada söz konusu men kararları aleyhine Danıştayda açılacak iptal davalarında tebligat, müracaat tarihinden başlayarak kırksekiz saat içinde yapılır. Cevap ve cevaba cevap süreleri onar gündür. Bu sürelerin tamamlanmasından sonra onbeş gün içinde karar verilir. Devletin dış ilişkileri ile ilgili yayınlarda uygulanacak esaslar, Dışişleri Bakanlığınca tespit edilerek Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumuna bildirilir. Dış ilişkiler ile ilgili yorumlarda kaynak belirtilip belirtilmeyeceği hususunda Dışişleri Bakanlığının görüşü göz önünde tutulur. Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumu, görev ve yayın esaslarına uymak kaydıyla gerçek kişiler, kurumlar ve özel hukuk tüzelkişilerince de hazırlanan programlı veya programsız reklam kuşaklarını radyo ve televizyondan yayınlayabilir. Reklam yayınlarında; halkı aldatıcı, yanıltıcı, haksız rekabete veya karşılıklı cevaplamaya yol açıcı, diğer ürün veya nitelikleri kötüleyici, herhangi bir ürünün israfını telkin veya ima edici ve genel olarak memleketin ekonomik durumuna zarar verici hususlara yer verilmez, siyasi propaganda yapılamaz. Reklam yayınları ile ilgili esaslar, birinci ve ikinci fıkralarda belirtilen genel esaslar göz önüne alınarak bir yönetmelikle düzenlenir. Yayınlarda bir kişinin haysiyet ve şerefine dokunulması veya kendisi ile ilgili olarak gerçeğe aykırı hususlar bulunması halinde; a) Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumu, o kişinin yayın tarihinden başlayarak yedi gün içinde göndereceği düzeltme ve cevap metnini, Genel Müdürlükçe alınmasından başlayarak üç gün içinde yayınlamakla yükümlüdür. b) Bu düzeltme ve cevap metninde, yayının niteliğinin yukarıdaki fıkra kapsamına girdiği, yayında kendisine gerçeğe aykırı olarak bir husus atfedildiği veyahut şeref ve haysiyetine dokunulduğu veya gerçeğin ne olduğu kısaca açıklanır. Cevap ve düzeltme metni, cevap ve düzeltmeye esas olan yayın süresinin ilgili bölümünün süresini aşamaz. c) Düzeltme ve cevap metninin bu Kanun hükümlerine uygun olmaması veya suç niteliğindeki ifadeler taşıması veyahut yeni bir düzeltme ve cevap hakkı doğurur nitelikte olması halinde, Genel Müdürlük bu talebi reddettiğini, yayınlamakla yükümlü olduğu üç günlük sürenin bitiminden itibaren iki gün içinde ilgilisine bildirir. d) İlgili, bu red kararına karşı, iki gün içinde Ankara Sulh Ceza Hakimliği nezdinde itiraz edebilir. Hak sahibi, itirazını, Ankara Sulh Ceza Hakimliğine gönderilmek üzere bulunduğu yer mahkemesine de verebilir. e) Ankara Sulh Ceza Hakimi, engeç iki gün içinde düzeltme ve cevap metnini; suç niteliği olup olmadığı, yayın ile ilgisi bulunup bulunmadığı, bu maddede yazılı şartlara uygun olup olmadığı, yeni bir düzeltme ve cevap hakkı doğurur nitelikte olup olmadığı ve süresi içinde Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumuna gönderilip gönderilmediği yönlerinden inceleyerek karar verir. Hakim cevap veya düzeltme metninin aynen yayınlanmasına karar verebileceği gibi uygun göreceği değişiklikleri bizzat yaptıktan sonra yayınlanmasına da karar verebilir. Bu kararın birer örneği taraflara gönderilir. f) Taraflar, bu karara, kendilerine tebliğinden başlayarak iki gün içinde Ankara Asliye Ceza Hakimliği nezdinde itiraz edebilirler. Bu itiraz ve karar hususlarında yukarıdaki (d) ve (e) bentleri hükümleri aynen uygulanır. g) Asliye Ceza Hakiminin verdiği karar kesindir. Bu kararın Genel Müdürlüğe tebliğinden itibaren en geç iki gün içinde cevap ve düzeltmenin yayınlanması zorunludur. h) Düzeltme ve cevap hakkını kullanmadan ölen kimsenin bu hakkını mirasçıları birlikte veya bunlardan yalnız ilk başvuranı kullanabilir. i) Bu madde uyarınca ilgililere yapılacak tebligatlarda 7201 sayılı Tebligat Kanunu hükümleri uygulanır. Özel hukuk tüzelkişilerince gönderilecek düzeltme ve cevap metinleri hakkında da bu madde hükümleri uygulanır. Bu Kanunun 19 uncu maddesi uyarınca yapılan yayınlar nedeniyle Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisinde grubu bulunan fakat Hükümete dahil olmayan siyasi partiler, düzeltme ve cevap hakkı taleplerini yayın tarihinden başlayarak üç gün içinde Ankara Sulh Ceza Hakimliği nezdinde yaparlar. Bu talepler hakkında bu maddenin (d), (e) ve (f) bentleri hükümleri uygulanır. Siyasi partilerin radyo ve televizyondan özel kanunları uyarınca yapacakları seçim propaganda konuşmaları ile bu Kanunun 18 inci maddesi uyarınca yayınlanan Hükümet bildirisi veya konuşmaları hakkında bu madde hükümleri uygulanmaz. Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumunun yayınları yoluyla işlenen suçlarda veya haksız fiillerde, yayın tespit yoluyla yapılmışsa, metni yazan veya sesi tespit edilen, bu metni veya tespiti fiilen kontrol eden ve yayını fiilen yöneten ve kontrol eden kişiler sorumludur. Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumunun, kendilerine tevdi edilen metni aynen okumakla görevli personeli o yayının yönetim ve kontrolünde özel olarak görevlendirilmiş olmamak şartıyla, o yayın yoluyla işlenen suçtan veya haksız fiilden sorumlu tutulmazlar. Bu Kanunun 18, 22 ve 27 nci maddeleri uyarınca yapılan ve bu özelliği anonsla belirtilen yayınlar ile tespitlerden faydalanmaksızın Türkiye Radyo Televizyon Kurumu istasyonları dışındaki bir radyo ve televizyon kuruluşundan naklen yapılan yayınlardan, Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumu personeli sorumlu değildir. Kişiler, kurum ve kuruluşlar yayınlar nedeniyle uğradıkları zararlardan ötürü, Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumu personeli aleyhine değil, Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumu aleyhine dava açarlar. Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumunun genel hükümlere göre sorumlu personele rücu hakkı saklıdır. Kişiler, kurum ve kuruluşlarca yayın yoluyla suç işlendiği iddia edilerek Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumu personeli hakkında açılan ceza davalarında, personel, Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumu avukatlarınca savunulabilir. Bu madde kapsamına giren suçlardan ve haksız fiillerden dolayı yayının yapıldığı tarihten başlayarak altmış gün içinde açılmayan davalar dinlenmez. Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumunun yayınlarında kullanılan yazılı metinler ve metni bulunmayan radyo ve televizyon yayınlarına ait tespitler yayın tarihinden başlayarak yetmişbeş gün süre ile saklanır. Tespitlerden faydalanmaksızın yapılan naklen yayınlar ile müzik yayınları yukarıdaki fıkra hükmünün dışındadır. Yayının, herhangi bir şekilde yasama, yürütme ve yargı organlarınca soruşturma, kovuşturma ve araştırma konusu olması halinde bu işlemlerin sonuçlandığının Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumuna yazılı olarak bildirilmesine kadar yayın tespitlerinin ve metinlerinin saklanması zorunludur. Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumunun Devletin güvenliği ile ilgili, elde ettiği ancak, yayınlayamadığı haberler, sadece Başbakanın tayin edeceği ilgili yürütme unsuruna bildirilir. Bu husus bir protokol ile düzenlenir. Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumunun yayınlayacağı programların son denetimi, Genel Müdür adına ve Genel Müdüre doğrudan bağlı Yayın Denetleme ve Koordinasyon Kurulu Başkanlığı tarafından yapılır. Bu denetimin usul ve esasları yönetmelikle düzenlenir. Radyo ve televizyon yayınları, yayından önce ayrıca Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumu dışından hiç bir kişi veya kuruluş tarafından denetlenemez. Ancak, Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri ile ilgili yayınlar hakkında Genelkurmay Başkanlığının olumlu görüşü alınır. Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumunun uzun metrajlı konulu sinema filmleri hariç, yurt dışından getireceği her çeşit televizyon filmleri hakkında 23 Eylül 1977 tarihli ve 16063 sayılı Resmi Gazete'de yayımlanan "Filmlerin ve Film Senaryolarının Denetlenmesi Hakkında Tüzük" hükümleri ile ek ve değişiklikleri uygulanmaz. Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumu yayınları, Kurumun yazılı izni alınmadan telli veya telsiz olarak tekrar yayınlanamaz, ücretli veya ücretsiz olarak tedavüle çıkarılmak üzere bütünü veya bir kısmı tespit olunamaz, çoğaltılamaz ve girişi ücrete tabi yerlerde halka gösterilemez. Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumunun birinci fıkra hükmüne aykırı davranışlara karşı maddi ve manevi tazminat davası açma hakkı mevcut olduğu gibi, Kurum, Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanununda öngörülen hukuki ve cezai korumadan da yararlanır. Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumunun nominal sermayesi 20 000 000 000 TL. dir. Bu Sermaye Yönetim Kurulunun teklifi, Radyo ve Televizyon Yüksek Kurulunun tasvibi ve Bakanlar Kurulunun kararı ile artırılabilir. Sermayenin kaynakları şunlardır: a) Bu Kanunun yürürlüğe girdiği tarihte ödenmiş sermaye, b) Genel bütçeden, sermayeye mahsuben yapılacak ödemeler, c) Yıllık karlardan, bu Kanunun 34 üncü maddesi ve diğer kanunlar uyarınca ayırımlar yapıldıktan sonra kalacak bakiyeler. Yıllık bilanço, kar ve zarar hesaplarının Yönetim Kurulunca onaylanmasını müteakip; a) Yıllık karın % 10'u ödenmiş sermayenin % 25'ine kadar kanuni yedek akçe olarak, %10'u da nominal sermayenin % 10'una kadar olağanüstü yedek akçe olarak ayrılır. b) Mevzuat gereğince ödenecek vergi, fon ve aidatlar düşüldükten sonra kalan kar özel yedek akçe hesabına naklolunur. Zararlar; öncelikle özel yedek akçeden karşılanır. Özel yedek akçenin yetmemesi halinde, bu zararlar sırasıyla olağanüstü yedek akçeden ve kanuni yedek akçeden karşılanır. Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumunun yıllık bütçesi ile yatırım ve finansman programları Yönetim Kurulu tarafından onaylanarak yürürlüğe konulur. Ancak, Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumunun yıllık yatırım ve finansman programı konusunda, Yönetim Kurulu kararından önce, Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı ile Maliye Bakanlığının vizesinin alınması gereklidir.(1) Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumunun yıllık finansman programında tespit olunan açık, genel bütçeden karşılanır. Yönetim Kurulu, Kurumun amaçlarına uygun olmak şartıyla ve Bakanlar Kurulu kararnamesi ile gösterilecek esaslar içerisinde, yerli veya yabancı gerçek veya tüzelkişilerle, özel hukuk hükümlerine tabi mahdut mesuliyetli ortaklıklar kurabilir. Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumunun; haber, radyo ve televizyon hizmetlerinde kullandığı telefonlarına, Posta, Telgraf ve Telefon İşletmesi Genel Müdürlüğünce basına uygulanan indirimli tarife veya indirim nispetleri uygulanır. Kurumun, Posta, Telgraf ve Telefon İşletmesi Genel Müdürlüğünden kiraladığı radyo ve televizyon programlarının nakledildiği resim ve ses kanallarının ve hizmet gereği geçici veya sürekli olarak kiraladığı telefon ve teleks devrelerinin, milli sınırlar dahilinde kalan kısımları için, Posta, Telgraf ve Telefon İşletmesi Genel Müdürlüğü tarifesinde bulunanlara bu tarife üzerinden, bulunmayanlara milletlerarası tarifeler üzerinden yüzde altmış indirim uygulanır. Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumu, yatırımlarının finansmanında Devlet Yatırım Bankası kredilerinden faydalanır. Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumuna indirimli tarife uygulayan Devlet daire ve kuruluşları, kamu tüzelkişileri ve kamu iktisadi teşebbüslerine ilan ve reklam işlerinde indirimli tarife, Yönetim Kurulu kararıyla uygulanabilir. Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumunun alım, satım, hizmet, yapım ve taşıma işleri ile bu hususlara ilişkin ihale işlemleri bir yönetmelik ile düzenlenir. Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumunun ihtiyacı için yurt dışından getirilecek radyo ve televizyon vericileri, stüdyo cihazları, işletme malzemesi ve yedekleri ile yayınlarda kullanılan alet ve edevat, program yüklü film ve bantları; damga resmi dahil, gümrük vergi ve resimleri, belediye hissesi ve harçlarından muaftır. Kurumun iktisap ettiği ve edeceği radyo ve televizyon verici ve aktarıcı binaları emlak vergisi ve tapu harçlarından muaftır. Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumunun hizmetleri; memurlar, sözleşmeli personel ve geçici personel eliyle gördürülür. Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumu personeli aşağıda düzenlenen hükümler dışında kamu iktisadi kuruluşlarının personel rejimine tabidir.6271 a) Kurumun haber ve program hizmetlerini doğrudan doğruya yapan ve yürütenlerden yükseköğrenim yapmış olanlar 8 inci derecenin ilk kademesinden işe başlarlar, 1 inci derecenin son kademesine kadar yükselebilirler. Yükseköğrenim yapmamış olanlar 10 uncu derecenin ilk kademesinden işe başlarlar, 3 üncü derecenin son kademesine kadar yükselebilirler. Ancak, bu fıkra hükümlerine göre belirlenen giriş ve yükselebilme dereceleri,657 sayılı Kanunun 36 ncı maddesinde belirlenen derecelerden aşağı olamaz. b) Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumunda çalışan personele ödenecek mahrumiyet zammı,657 sayılı Kanuna tabi memurlar için tespit edilecek miktar ve şartlara uygun olmak kaydıyla Yönetim Kurulu tarafından bir yönetmelikle tespit edilir. c) Türkiye Radyo - Televizyon Kurumunun haber ve program hizmetlerinin yürütülmesinde Kurum dışından görevlendirileceklere başka iş ve hizmet yasağına ilişkin hükümler uygulanmaz. Kurum Yönetim Kurulunca tespit edilecek sayıdaki yabancı dil yayınları mütercim spikerlerine657 sayılı Kanunun 59 uncu ve müteakip maddelerindeki istisnai memuriyetlere ilişkin hükümler uygulanır. d) Kurum personeline hizmetin bütünlüğü ve ifa edilen görevin özelliği dikkate alınarak, en yüksek Devlet memuru aylığını (Ek gösterge dahil) geçmemek üzere, Kurum Yönetim Kurulunun teklifi üzerine Bakanlar Kurulunca tespit olunan oran veya miktarlarda tazminat ödenir. Kurum personeline bu tazminat dışında,657 sayılı Kanunun "Zam ve tazminatlar" başlıklı değişik ek maddesinde öngörülen zam ve tazminatlar ödenmez. e) (a) bendine giren görevlerde bulunduktan sonra, öğrenim durumu itibariyle hizmete giriş derece ve kademesi bu fıkrada belirtilen giriş derece ve kademesinden daha aşağı olan sınıflardan birine geçenlerin, ilk ilerleme ve yükselmeleri için kanuni bekleme sürelerine kazandıkları süre kadar ilave edilir. f)657 sayılı Kanunun değişik 43 üncü maddesinin (B) fıkrası hükümleri Kurum personeli hakkında da uygulanır. Ancak, anılan fıkranın (j) bendi hükümleri saklı kalmak üzere, Genel İdare Hizmetleri sınıfına dahil kadrolara uygulanacak ek göstergeler, bu memuriyetlerin niteliği ve yönetim sorumluluğu göz önünde bulundurularak ve diğer kamu kuruluşlarındaki emsallerini geçmemek şartı ile, Kurumun Yönetim Kurulunun teklifi üzerine Bakanlar Kurulunca tespit olunur. g)
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requires public control of these specific functions, ending simple partisan abuses and complex collusive practices like parties’ “trading” years or races. Accountability in the political process is a large subject, but it’s time we did the heavy lifting. We need it more every year, and it won’t correct itself. Each of these is appropriate for amendment because they involve fundamental principles of governance (see Making Elections Work). • This page demonstrates that the Constitution implies and even expresses that public electoral functions must remain public. • The Impartiality Clause works with Sections 1 and 3 to place reasonable limits on partisanship. • Balancing Electoral Powers helps to keep state and federal electoral powers in balance. • Preventing Voter Fraud and Foreign Nationals and Voting address the accountability of voters and local electoral officers. Article I, Section 9: "No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: and no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince or foreign State." Amendment XXVIII, (proposed), Section 2: "[...] and impartially conducted elections, [...]No private person or entity will conduct granting, apportionment, districting, or the holding, tallying, monitoring, or auditing of elections." The governance conduct the Titles of Nobility clause prohibits is creating another level of governance, a granted, privately-held right to govern. No power in the Constitution can be transferred with a private transfer of property, or be immune from accountability to the people. The Public Elections clause restores and details this clause. What does the Title of Nobility clause in Article I, Section 9 mean? Interpreted narrowly, it might seem that only Dukes, Earls and so on would be prohibited. But it's not a refutation of the concept of noble blood. First, it addresses government grants rather than divine favor. "Royal blood" had already been refuted here, in 1776. Second, its corresponding clause forbids our government officers' accepting not just titles but presents, money, or offices from foreign governments unless Congress okays it*. Why aren't the paired clauses exactly the same? Article IV, Section 4 defines our form of government as republican, not royalist, and Articles I, II and III make clear that we don't use nobles but elected and appointed officers. Then why have the first clause at all? Because titles of nobility aren't just for show: titled nobles govern people. The second clause prevents official or entangling involvement with foreign governments of all kinds, not just monarchies; so its partner clause prevents official or entangling involvement with our government. Privatized governance functions aren't representative, the form of governance Article IV, Section 4 guarantees us. Amendments IX and X don’t allow it either: it creates another unit and level of governance rights and powers besides the individual, the people in the aggregate, the Constitution, and state (states charter local governments), District of Columbia and United States government. Property, including shares, can be sold or inherited. Tying any governance function's rights and powers to it effectively grants a title of nobility to its owners by creating another kind of property, of government and of personhood. Since no such unit or level would logically consist with many clauses or relate to any ordained and established rights or powers in any coherent way, it wouldn’t be feasible without rewriting the whole Constitution, generally a sign of a bad idea. There are already safeguards in the text to keep Presidents or members of Congress from accepting bribes (see McDonnell v USfor the fundamental ones). Article I, section 6 prevents members of Congress from double-dipping – they can’t hold any other government office while serving. This safeguard is designed to keep them from granting money or powers to each other, or to accept it from state machines or private actors. And in Article II, section 1, the Domestic Emoluments clause prevents Presidents specifically from profiting from any federal or state appropriation or contract. This existing safeguard is designed to keep privatization from being too tempting in the executive branch, and to keep Presidential candidates from accepting bribes from state machines or private actors. Article II, section 1: “...The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, which shall be neither increased nor reduced during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the United States, or any of them. [...]” The two safeguards above cover two forms of bribery: among government officers, or from private actors to government. This leaves the Titles of Nobility clause covering the other kind of bribery: from government to private actors. Except for judges, appointments that outlast administrations have fixed terms, keeping them subject to the electorate at one remove. And because even Supreme Court Justices can be impeached for bad behavior, no position is for life in the royalist sense. But even though several clauses prohibit privatization of government functions in different ways, it still happens. We've tried to avoid Section 9 problems by using contracts. But making decisions regarding granting, apportionment, districting or the holding, tallying, monitoring or auditing of elections is too much power over the electorate's role in the political process to be privately exercised. Every clause in this amendment depends on public electoral functions remaining accountable to the people - and the people can't impeach or refuse to reelect private contractors. We can't even break the contracts. The Public Elections clause adds a focus for legislation and enforcement. This is the only proposed solution as of 2016 that keeps our central electoral functions public. Making the political process more accountable requires it (see Ending Private, Partisan or Foreign Control). It doesn't replace any clauses, however, or limit their action to electoral functions. Amendment XXVIII, (proposed), Section 5: “The United States will fund the direction of exercise of its offices.” Section 5 works with this section by requiring that only the United States may guide official decisions, not party or other private interest (see Disarming Corruption). Section 1, which establishes Constitutional governance of campaigning, works with this section by keeping certification and funding public Article IV, Section 4 already vests the responsibility to monitor and audit in the United States. Monitoring will probably be done by the Executive branch, which enforces the law, but the General Accounting Office (GAO) of the United States, under the Legislative branch, is likely to conduct the audits. *(Although not the question at hand here, the current question of whether this list includes a President’s corporate profits isn’t very promising: the courts consider corporate profits shielded from personal liability by the very nature of corporate shares, and the list’s other terms – “present, office, or title” – are all things that are given directly to a person, not to a corporation to be subsequently divided among shareholders. The “noscitur a sociis” canon requires similarities in lists to be upheld. This means we’d have to either amend the Constitution to add shared benefits or redefine corporations to end the personal liability shield. Since the corporate liability shield has been a legal and economic disaster, we’d vote for ending it. The other problem is that the clause is being pushed as a means of impeachment when all it takes to overcome it is Congress' okay. Since both houses' majorities match the President's party, they'd just okay it. Because of this, this whole controversy seems phony.) Adet Düzensizliği Neden Olur? Nasıl Tedavi Edilir? Adet döneminiz, adetin ilk gününden bir sonraki dönemin ilk gününe kadar sayılır. 38 günden uzunsa veya bu süre sürekli değişiyorsa, adet düzensizliği olarak kabul edilir. Düzensizliğin hormonal dengesizliklerden diğer altta yatan koşullara kadar birçok nedeni olabilir. Adet Düzensizliği Nedenleri Hamilelik: Hamilelik döneminiz, altınıza kaçırmanıza veya lekelenme yaşamanıza neden olabilir . Aynı zamanda adet düzensizliği yapar. Hormonal doğum kontrolü: Hormonal doğum kontrol hapları ve hormon içeren intrauterin cihazlar, kadınlarda düzensiz kanama yapabilmektedir. Emzirme: Prolactin, anne sütü üretiminden sorumlu olan bir hormondur. Prolactin, üreme hormonlarınızı bastırırken emzirme döneminde çok hafif kanamalara neden olur. Buda adet düzensizliği olarak adlandırılır. Perimenopoz: Perimenopoz , menopoza girmeden önceki geçiş aşamasıdır . Genellikle 40’lı yaşlarında başlar, ancak daha erken ortaya çıkabilir. Fazla kilolu olmak: Obezitenin adet düzensizliği için yeterli bir sebeptir. Araştırmalar , fazla kilonun menstrüel siklusunuza müdahale edebilecek hormon ve insülin seviyelerini etkilediğini göstermektedir . Aşırı egzersiz: Yoğun veya aşırı egzersizin menstrüasyondan sorumlu hormonları engellediği gösterilmiştir . Stres: Stres, beyninizin döngüsünü düzenleyen hormonları kontrol eden kısmına geçici olarak müdahale ederek, adet döngüsüne müdahale edebileceğini göstermektedir . Rahim ağzı kanseri: Rahim ağzı ve endometriyal kanserler adet dönemlerinde veya dönemler arasında kanamanın yanı sıra adet döngüsünde değişikliklere neden olabilir. Adet Düzensizliği Tedavisi Adet düzensizliği tedavisi, düzensiz dönemlerinizin neyin sebep olduğuna bağlıdır. Düzensizliğin altında yatan tıbbi durumun tedavisi gerekebilir. Doktorunuz tedavi için Oral kontraseptifleri, hormonal RİA’ları, tiroid ilaçları, metformin, kilo alımı, egzersiz ve D vitamini takviyeleri önerebilir. Eğer daha ciddi bir hastalığınız var ise doktorunuz buna göre bir tedavi yöntemi önerecektir. Bu yüzden böyle bir hastalığınız var ise doktorunuz ile görüşmeniz gerekmektedir. Dengeli bir diyet yemek, düzenli egzersiz yapmak ve stresten kaçınmak, adet düzensizliği tedavisi için yardımcı olabilir. (原标题:被查后, 酒驾女子打电话找代驾,交警:晚了!) 2020年11月3日,景县交警在辖区开展酒后驾驶查处行动,22时许,在对一辆冀TP1xxx小型轿车检查时,发现驾驶员王某浑身散发着酒气,随即对其进行呼气式酒精检测,检测结果为57mg/100ml,属饮酒后驾驶机动车。 在查处过程中,驾驶员王某对自己的酒精检测结果表示诧异,称:我就喝了一瓶啤酒。 民警:只要喝了酒,就不能开车。酒后,你可以找代驾。 王某听闻,便打起电话,称要找代驾。对此,民警苦笑不已,并表示:应该开车之前叫代驾,现在晚了! 据王某交代:当晚和朋友在某饭店吃饭,期间喝了些许酒,本以为喝的酒少,不会被查。不料,驾车回家路上被交警查处! 现驾驶员王某因实施饮酒后驾驶机动车的交通违法行为被依法给予罚款1000元,驾驶证暂扣6个月,记12分的处罚。 Ted McCadden (at Penn State) discussed how identity formation occurs through performance work, especially with pop culture and mass communication. He uses psychoanalytic branches of transformative learning theory (Boyd and Myers, Dirkxx) and critical media literacy as the theoretical overview. Take the transformative learning model and add on how the receiver of the message who receives a message and acts upon it (from critical media literacy and method acting). Add to this how the actor is involved in the process. American theatre either reflects American culture or satirizes it. In this way, theatre can reinforce the entire hegemonic notions that it seeks to criticize. He is showing various video clips (not a single one, surprise . . . surprise, do I recognize!). Method acting has an actor in the center of the I / Me / Character, so the actor feels and experiences what the character is experiencing, in order to make it convincing. How does a character portray something about which they have no experience. Transformative learning theory focuses on the positive, though what happens when there is negative learning or negative experiences? God questions that were just raised and about which I need to think a lot about. The discussion around what rights people have with transformative learning, when frames of reference are intentionally challenged. Verisimilitude—your culture that is the recipient of the message must understand your message. Really interesting concept from method acting. I think I need to know more about critical media literacy. This is around the mass media, so the people who are receiving the messages are interpreted in our own ways through our own lenses. by Jorgen Randers [First of three parts] My answer is available in 2052 – A Global Forecast for the Next forty Years (see www.2052.info). The main message is simple: I predict that the world average temperature will surpass plus 2°Celsius over preindustrial times – the internationally agreed danger threshold – in 2052. And continue upwards, condemning our grandchildren to the likelihood of climate disaster in the second half of the 21st century. This means that the global future will resemble one of the twelve scenarios from The Limits to Growth in 1972. The world will follow the “persistent pollution scenario” – overshoot and collapse with CO2 as the “persistent” pollutant, which once emitted resides in the atmosphere with a half life of a hundred years. I do not forecast an energy crisis, a resource crisis, a food crisis, a water crisis – or the realisation of one of the more optimistic scenarios from Limits. I believe that man-made greenhouse gas emissions will prove to be the real problem. This is because the human footprint will be smaller than most people expect. The future world population and GDP will be much lower than commonly forecast: The global population will peak at 8 billion around 2040, and the world GDP will only grow at 2% per year to 2052 – half historical rates. There are two major reasons: women will choose to have fewer children and economies will find it more difficult to grow as they mature. As a consequence humans will use fewer resources. And rising greenhouse gas emissions will be the critical factor shaping our life on Earth. Climate change will trump resource scarcity. One consequence will be a smaller world economy in 2052. Another will more poverty than commonly forecast. Climate emissions could easily have been reduced if humanity decided to take action, but humanity won’t because of myopia—simply look at the tepid goals and strategies adopted by the Rio+20 conference and the automatic negative reaction by the younger generation of climate activists They know from past experience that there will be insufficient investment in solutions. A good life for our grandchildren is being sacrificed for short term gain for ourselves. In modern democratic market economies, investments mainly flow to what is profitable, not what is needed. The short term nature of markets could be modified by legislation – as for example a tax on carbon. My point is that this is unlikely to happen in democratic society, because the voter is focused on short term income growth. Most voters won’t support higher prices for gasoline and electricity. Another solution could be new supranational institutions that impose a common long term perspective on nation states. But a full 20 years of talking after Rio 1992 has produced little progress. Luckily my forecast is a cliff hanger. A small change in the human response would suffice to create much better life for our grandchildren. For example shifting one to two percent of the global work force and global capital into climate friendly sectors would do the trick. Auto workers could make electric cars rather than fossil fuel ones, build solar plants rather than coal fired plants, and construct smaller well-insulated homes rather than big un-insulated ones. The income loss would be small, the effect on distribution – the split between now and
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‘lee-cloth’ arrangement found on some of the very early sailing canoes of the area. Life jackets were not really the norm in those days. Ted says that one of the requirements the Elwood club had was that sailors must prove that they could swim, fully clothed in their sailing gear, from the club to a diving platform off the beach and back again. ‘Also, every year before you could start,’ says Ted, ‘you had to take a ‘bottling test’. The boat would be put in the water, with the mast up, and tipped over for three minutes on each side and then upright for five minutes. If after that time there was more than three inches of water in the bottom of the boat you were not allowed to sail.’ Two box-like pumps were usually fitted on either side of the centrecase, the valve inside worked by a piece of leather thong from the top. The water was let out directly into the case, and there was also a bung into one side of the case for draining the boat when on the beach. The rig was high peaked gunter, with a jib set to the stem. The total area for the working sails equalled 144 sq ft, with the spinnaker adding another 85 sq ft. Interestingly, silk or nylon was barred from the class as a sail material, and a loose footed or mitre cut main was not allowed. Inside ballast and winches for halyards were also prohibited, as was ‘any apparatus extending outboard which may be to support or assist in supporting a member of the crew outboard’. The hulls were lightly planked and the entire thing covered with 10 ounce canvas, which was held on mostly with paint but was also tacked on all along the gunwales. Red lead paint was worked into the canvas before undercoating and finishing off. ‘The canvas would have to be repaired every so often,’ says Ted, ‘or worse still would have to be entirely replaced. You may find a rock or shell just under the sand which could put a tear in the canvas. You could always re-stick it back with paint, or make a patch, but one could re-canvas the lot anyway. But this was a big job. The outside keel would have to be removed, and the rubbing strakes and some fittings.’ Planking was an easier than usual process, and must have suited the backyard builders that seemingly made most of the boats of this class. After moulds and ribbands were set up, the keel, stem and stern pieces and the ‘inside gunwales’ (as the specifications say) were all fastened to the mould. Then the ribs (quarter inch by two inches, at five inch centres) were steamed and fastened to the gunwales and keelson, but were set flush into the outside face of the keel. To make things even easier, it was also specified that ribs were to be fitted in two halves, that is joined in the centre of the keel, and not bent around the hull in one piece. Planking was therefore not rabbetted into the keel, but went over the top of the lot. The ‘gunwale planks’ went on first followed by the single ‘garboard’ strake, which was screwed to the keel and stem and stern pieces as well as being riveted to ribs. Planks were then fitted next to the gunwale and garboard strakes alternately until closing the hull with the last plank on the bilges, which from the shape of the gap created by the other planks would be short and pointed at each end. A gap for swelling was left between the planks, usually measured by placing a hack saw blade between them when fitting. One trick for helping fit the plank over the curve of the hull at the bilges was to soak hot water on the outside of the plank with rags. This swelled the fibres of the wood on the outside and helped bend it in towards the curved ribs. After being sealed up with the canvas, an outside keel was fitted along the bottom and any other pieces and fittings needed could be attached. Ted Montfort says that in the Seahorses’, and his own, heyday, they often sailed down Port Phillip Bay to the Mornington Peninsula, or over to the other side, for a bit of a holiday. ‘No one had trailers anyway, so sailing them was the only way to get them anywhere. In those days you could leave all your gear on the beach and no-one would touch it.’ The natural elements were another thing. ‘One time after a night at Sorrento, we woke up to find two of our boats gone,’ says Ted. ‘Either the tide rose higher than expected or we didn’t do the right thing when coming up onto the beach. Anyway, it seems a local fisherman found them drifting out on the bay and took them in tow. The only thing was, he didn’t know from looking at them just how tender they could be. So when he tried stepping onto one, he got a soaking. ‘We didn’t know all this at the time. The boats were tied up to the jetty at Sorrento, and the proprietor of the shop that was on the jetty in those days told us all about it. Since the fellow that towed our boats back wasn’t about, he suggested we could perhaps pay for his tobacco, so we all put in. That was the least we could do.’ So what was the fate of the Seahorse, and why has this class of boat all but disappeared? The generally held opinion seems to be that with the advent of newer materials and building methods, the design simply fell out of favour with the owner-builders that seemed to make up most if not all the Seahorse’s advocates. And yet, as a unique Australian development, the design certainly deserves its place in history. Indeed, given its simplicity and seemingly satisfactory performance, we may even see something of a renewed interest. Evolution at work: pre-Seahorse canoes Bill Richards, long time local of the area, remembers the earlier sailing canoes that were raced off the beach around Elwood before the Seahorse design was established. The Elwood Yacht Club was originally a paddling canoe organisation, and by the 1930s had established a large storage shed on the beach with racks for canoes up to three high. The canoes, says Bill, were of various shapes and designs but mainly 16 to 18 feet long. ‘Canadian built 18 foot Peterborough canoes were the Rolls Royce of the type,’ he says, ‘although the Canadian influence was apparent in most canoes of the time’. Hardly any young person had a car in the 30s, so transport of the canoes was out of the question, hence the beach storage facility. ‘They were very lightly carvel planked with tiny ribs, perhaps a half inch by one quarter inch,’ says Bill. ‘The better ones were varnished inside and out, but some were only stretched canvas over ribs and stringers.’ The sailing adaptions of some of the canoes were at the whim and fancy of the owner. ‘In some cases the rig was ketch or yawl, which was easily done because the rudder could be connected, as was carried over to the early Seahorses, by cords. The cut of the main was called ‘bat-wing’,that is, fully battened and with a greatly exaggerated rounded leech – the idea being to get the maximum sail area from a short mast. For the same reason the ketch/yawl arrangement was often encountered.’ ‘Stability is a factor in which these canoes did not excel, and with the earlier types, before the regulated Seahorse design, there were no flotation bulkheads and no way they could be righted in any sort of sea. It was a day to remember that was free of any sort of capsize – called ‘bottling’.’ The earlier canoes were originally built with a high priority for lightness, the keel was accordingly very light, maybe two inches by one inch, and therefore unsuitable for a plate case. So lee boards were the standard of the day. Lee ‘clothes’ were another part of the effort to keep the canoes afloat. ‘These consisted of strips of canvas about eight inches wide running around more or less upright, but tending inboard, on each side of the canoe and fastened to the gunwale,’ says Bill. ‘The lee clothes were held up on the leeward side with spaced vertical timbers attached to the inboard side of the cloth. The idea was to have a propped up cloth on the lee side of the canoe, but an unpropped one on the weather side so the crew could still sit on the gunwale. This originally appeared in the UK magazine Classic Boat Risultati di uno studio in doppio cieco I probiotici sono per definizione “micro-organismi vivi che, somministrati in quantità adeguata, apportano un beneficio alla salute dell’ospite”. E’ stato effettuato uno studio per valutare l’efficacia e la tollerabilità dei probiotici nella gestione della stipsi in 72 pazienti affetti da malattia di Parkinson. Tra di essi 34 sono stati assegnati casualmente (“randomizzati”) a terapia a base di capsule contenenti probiotici e 38 a terapia con capsule dall’aspetto identico, che non contenevano probiotici (capsule placebo) per 4 settimane. Né il medico, né i pazienti sapevano chi era stato assegnato a che cosa (condizioni di “doppio cieco”). Ai pazienti è stato chiesto di compilare un diario giornaliero su cui annotare il numero di evacuazioni, la consistenza delle feci, un punteggio relativo alla gravità della stipsi e la qualità di vita correlata alla stipsi, a partire da due settimane prima dell’inizio della terapia e per tutta la sua durata. Dal confronto dei dati relativi alle ultime due settimane di terapia con quelli relativi alle due settimane prima della introduzione della terapia, è emerso che il numero medio di evacuazioni spontanee alla settimana è aumentato di 1 nel gruppo trattato con probiotici, mentre è diminuito di 0,3 nel gruppo che avevano ricevuto il placebo (differenza altamente significativa). Anche la consistenza delle feci e la qualità di vita erano significativamente migliori nel gruppo trattato con probiotici rispetto a quello trattato con placebo. Il 65,6% dei pazienti era soddisfatto della terapia rispetto al 21,6% con il placebo. Un paziente nel gruppo trattato con probiotici si è ritirato a cause di un effetto collaterale non grave. Stoats and Weasels will not usually attack large chickens but can be a problem with smaller birds such as bantams, guinea fowl, call ducks, quail and many species of wild fowl as well as chicks and growers. Both have the same diet and similar habitats although they do tend to avoid each other. Visually, Stoats and Weasels look very similar. They are light brown with a pale underside. A Stoat can grow slightly bigger than a Weasel and is usually slightly heavier. The give-away is a Stoat has a black tip on the end of his tail. Stoats have a black tip on the end of their tail. The slightly smaller Weasel doesn’t have a black top on the end of his tail. A similar predator is the Mink which is easily recognisable without a white chest. Stoats and poultry We will mainly consider stoats in this article although both stoats and weasels can cause similar damage. If they are found in the area, there will be an absence of rats and mice since they also fall victim to this killer. A stoat can do a great deal of damage. Similar to a fox, it will kill many birds, only eating one. They can be particularly difficult to shoot as they are fast-moving and it is not often you get a glimpse of one and they usually do their hunting at night. How to catch a Stoat or Weasel A trap is the best way to catch a Stoat and there are two methods that have been used successfully. The first method is to lay a drain pipe in one of the stoat’s tracks. Stoats always prefer to run under cover by choice. Set a sprung trap at the exit of the pipe. Peg this down so that it cannot be pushed out-of-the-way and the stoat should set it off when he runs out of the end of the tube. The second method of trapping a Stoat is to use a standard metal cage rat trap. If you have found a dead bird that has been partially eaten by the stoat, this method is ideal. Place the remains of the bird in the trap as bait and when the stoat comes back, it is likely that he will go to this for another feed and become trapped. Dispatch him with an air rifle. Do not try to take him out of the cage because he will give you a nasty bite or escape when you open the trap just a little! Remember when setting traps that could harm wild animals, they should only be used in such a way that targets the intended species. There is further advice on trapping Mink (which prefer fish as bait) in the article “Mink Trapping Tips for Poultry Keepers“. جمسا/طی امروز و فردا در استان های آذربایجان شرقی، آذربایجان غربی، کردستان، اردبیل، زنجان، ارتفاعات رشته کوه البرز در استان های قزوین، البرز، تهران و همچنین در برخی نقاط هرمزگان، جنوب استانهای سیستان و بلوچستان، کرمان و فارس به ویژه در ساعات بعد از ظهر و اوایل شب، رشد ابر، گاهی رگبار و رعد و برق و وزش باد شدید پیش بینی می شود. جمعه در اکثر مناطق کشور آسمانی صاف همراه با وزش باد پیشبینی میشود و فقط در مناطقی از شمال غرب کشور و ارتفاعات البرز، مرکزی و همچنین در برخی نقاط هرمزگان و جنوب سیستان و بلوچستان به ویژه در ساعات بعد از ظهر رشد ابر، گاهی رگبار و رعد و برق و وزش باد شدید انتظار میرود. روزهای شنبه و یکشنبه، در شمال آذربایجان غربی، آذربایجان شرقی و اردبیل، مازندران، گیلان، شمال سمنان و در ارتفاعات شرقی استان تهران افزایش ابر و رگبار پراکنده رخ می دهد و در سایر مناطق کشور آسمان آفتابی خواهد بود. گفتنی است، در سه روز آینده در جنوب غرب و جنوب کشور افزایش نسبی دما و از ابتدای هفته آینده در بیشتر مناطق کشور روند کاهشی نسبی دما پیش بینی می شود که کاهش دما در شمال شرق کشور و سواحل دریای خزر محسوس تر خواهد بود. طی پنج روز آینده در برخی نقاط شمال شرق و شرق کشور به ویژه در منطقه زابل وزش باد شدید رخ میدهد که گاهی با خیزش گرد و خاک و کاهش کیفیت هوا همراه خواهد بود. همچنین در ساعات بعد از ظهر امروز و روزهای شنبه و یکشنبه در جنوب غرب کشور به سبب وزش باد شدید در برخی نقاط احتمال تشکیل گرد و خاک وجود دارد. از امروز بعد از ظهر تا اواخر وقت فردا دریای عمان مواج پیشبینی میشود. The Rise of Information and Communication Technologies Before computers became commonplace, companies had an idea of remote work that differs from what we now call telecommuting. Companies would open satellite offices to which employees could commute instead of traveling all the way to the central office. The availability of satellite offices improved the lives of workers, by reducing the amount of time they spent between work and home. Employees could often walk, bike, or ride the bus to work instead of spending hours on the freeway in a car. Of course,
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therapeutic interventions, particularly those that are mediated by the incretin receptors or related receptors that act through modulation of intracellular cAMP production. While only cAMP measurements will be described, the described islet isolation protocol creates a clean preparation that also allows for many other downstream applications, including glucose stimulated insulin secretion, [3H ]-thymidine incorporation, protein abundance, and mRNA expression. Physiology, Issue 88, islet, isolation, insulin secretion, β-cell, diabetes, cAMP production, mouse Mouse Kidney Transplantation: Models of Allograft Rejection Institutions: The University of Edinburgh. Rejection of the transplanted kidney in humans is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The mouse model of renal transplantation closely replicates both the technical and pathological processes that occur in human renal transplantation. Although mouse models of allogeneic rejection in organs other than the kidney exist, and are more technically feasible, there is evidence that different organs elicit disparate rejection modes and dynamics, for instance the time course of rejection in cardiac and renal allograft differs significantly in certain strain combinations. This model is an attractive tool for many reasons despite its technical challenges. As inbred mouse strain haplotypes are well characterized it is possible to choose donor and recipient combinations to model acute allograft rejection by transplanting across MHC class I and II loci. Conversely by transplanting between strains with similar haplotypes a chronic process can be elicited were the allograft kidney develops interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. We have modified the surgical technique to reduce operating time and improve ease of surgery, however a learning curve still needs to be overcome in order to faithfully replicate the model. This study will provide key points in the surgical procedure and aid the process of establishing this technique. Medicine, Issue 92, transplantation, mouse model, surgery, kidney, immunology, rejection Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital Institutions: Wyoming Medical Center. Diabetes mellitus is a major independent risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality in the hospitalized patient, and elevated blood glucose concentrations, even in non-diabetic patients, predicts poor outcomes.1-4 The 2008 consensus statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) states that "hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients, irrespective of its cause, is unequivocally associated with adverse outcomes."5 It is important to recognize that hyperglycemia occurs in patients with known or undiagnosed diabetes as well as during acute illness in those with previously normal glucose tolerance. The Normoglycemia in Intensive Care Evaluation-Survival Using Glucose Algorithm Regulation (NICE-SUGAR) study involved over six thousand adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients who were randomized to intensive glucose control or conventional glucose control.6 Surprisingly, this trial found that intensive glucose control increased the risk of mortality by 14% (odds ratio, 1.14; p=0.02). In addition, there was an increased prevalence of severe hypoglycemia in the intensive control group compared with the conventional control group (6.8% vs. 0.5%, respectively; p<0.001). From this pivotal trial and two others,7,8 Wyoming Medical Center (WMC) realized the importance of controlling hyperglycemia in the hospitalized patient while avoiding the negative impact of resultant hypoglycemia. Despite multiple revisions of an IV insulin paper protocol, analysis of data from usage of the paper protocol at WMC shows that in terms of achieving normoglycemia while minimizing hypoglycemia, results were suboptimal. Therefore, through a systematical implementation plan, monitoring of patient blood glucose levels was switched from using a paper IV insulin protocol to a computerized glucose management system. By comparing blood glucose levels using the paper protocol to that of the computerized system, it was determined, that overall, the computerized glucose management system resulted in more rapid and tighter glucose control than the traditional paper protocol. Specifically, a substantial increase in the time spent within the target blood glucose concentration range, as well as a decrease in the prevalence of severe hypoglycemia (BG < 40 mg/dL), clinical hypoglycemia (BG < 70 mg/dL), and hyperglycemia (BG > 180 mg/dL), was witnessed in the first five months after implementation of the computerized glucose management system. The computerized system achieved target concentrations in greater than 75% of all readings while minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia. The prevalence of hypoglycemia (BG < 70 mg/dL) with the use of the computer glucose management system was well under 1%. Medicine, Issue 64, Physiology, Computerized glucose management, Endotool, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, diabetes, IV insulin, paper protocol, glucose control Single Port Donor Nephrectomy Institutions: Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University. In 2007, Rane presented the first single port nephrectomy for a small non-functioning kidney at the World Congress of Endourology. Since that time, the use of single port surgery for nephrectomy has expanded to include donor nephrectomy. Over the next two years the technique was adopted for many others types of nephrectomies to include donor nephrectomy. We present our technique for single port donor nephrectomy using the Gelpoint device. We have successfully performed this surgery in over 100 patients and add this experience to our experience of over 1000 laparoscopic nephrectomies. With the proper equipment and technique, single port donor nephrectomy can be performed safely and effectively in the majority of live donors. We have found that our operative times and most importantly our transplant outcomes have not changed significantly with the adoption of the single port donor nephrectomy. We believe that single port donor nephrectomy represents a step forward in the care of living donors. Medicine, Issue 49, Single Port, Laparoscopic, Donor Nephrectomy, Transplant Ian was driving home from work one evening when he was suddenly killed in an automobile accident. His wife came home to a mysteriously empty house that day- she heard a knock on their front door within minutes of her arrival home. It was the police. Bertha was cooking dinner when she felt a massive pain in her chest. Her son found her dead on her kitchen floor when he went over to visit her that evening. DEFINITIONS & KEY THOUGHTS Death is extremely difficult because it involves the very real and painful loss of a loved one. Responses to death vary greatly and are often different for each and every individual. The bereaved may ask questions like, “What was I thinking letting her go without me?”; “Why did I get so angry at him before he left the house?”; “What if...?”; and “Why...?” If death occurs suddenly it can result in a very complicated grieving process. Such suddenness often arises feeling of anger, abandonment, and guilt. Various theorist have described that several different stages of grieving exist. Upon first hearing of death, there are two stages that are particularly critical: shock and denial. Shock involves having both an emotional and physical response to learning of a sudden death. The bereaved may experience feelings of unreality, shortness of breath, and a racing heartbeat. Denial may follow quickly. The bereaved may begin doing ordinary things like balancing a checkbook or washing dishes in order to re-establish some type of normalcy. Denial is often broken when the bereaved comes face-to-face with the many decisions that follow the death of a loved one. David K. Switzer has established eight needs that must be fulfilled in order for the effective resolution of the grieving process to occur: (1) to accept the finality and reality of the physical death, (2) to become aware of and express the feelings that one has regarding the loss or toward the deceased person, including the way the deceased died, (3) to break emotional ties with the deceased; i.e., not act as though the deceased person is still physically present, (4) to break patterns of speech or other habitual behaviors that assume the deceased person is still physically present, (5) to affirm that one is worthwhile apart from their interaction and connection with the deceased, (6) to reaffirm and allow the characteristics and behaviors that contribute to one’s growing and ongoing life to come back, (7) to cultivate old and new relationships, and (8) to rediscover the mean of one’s own life. Some bereaved individuals may become very overwhelmed by the decisions that they are required to make after the death of their loved one. On the other hand, some individuals will have very strong feelings regarding decisions like whether the deceased should be buried or cremated or have an open or closed casket funeral. It is important, above all else, to help the bereaved individuals to come to a consensus on these decisions, rather than arguing with one another. Do so by reminding them of the wishes of the deceased and encourage them to realize that they are not necessarily as important as doing what will make the bereaved individuals most comfortable. If necessary, enlist the help of family friends or volunteers to help prepare for the funeral and help the bereaved to prioritize all that needs to be done. Most importantly, make sure that the bereaved individual understands that all will not be resolved once things return to normal, but that recovery will come with time. Action steps to help an individual overcome the death of a loved one include: - Basic needs. Focus on taking care of your own basic needs-food, shelter, and safety- above all else. If basic needs are not met, emotional issues will be even more difficult to deal with. - Ways of coping. Every individual processes crisis emotions in their own way. If you are a person who does so more easily by being busy, find something simple to do. If you prefer to process emotions alone, look for a quiet, peaceful place. - Social interaction. Instead of withdrawing, seek support in your friendships. - Help children. If children are among the bereaved, work on figuring out ways to help them cope. Make them feel secure by ensuring them that everything will be okay. If their parents are in distress, find a familiar and calm individual to care for them temporarily. Answer their questions and help them to process any normal feelings of guilt, anger, or abandonment that they may be experiencing. - Allow time. Understand that pain takes time to subside. Truly and healthily allow yourself to grieve. Keep in mind the normal stages of grieving that everybody goes through. La rabbia del Libano che prova a resistere è esplosa - ancora una volta - ieri pomeriggio nel cuore di Beirut, quando 200 persone - familiari delle vittime dell'esplosione che il 4 agosto 2020 devastò Beirut uccidendo più di 220 persone, e società civile - si sono riunite di fronte al palazzo di Giustizia della capitale per protestare contro i tentativi di affossare l'inchiesta sui fatti di quel giorno. Il Libano è al collasso. Scontri per lo stop all’inchiesta sul portodi Francesca Caferri I familiari delle vittime dell’esplosione del 2020 tentano l’assalto al Palazzo di Giustizia. Bloccato il tentativo di rimuovere dall’incarico il magistrato che indaga sulla strage 2 minuti di lettura بازار جهانی سفر (WTM) آمریکای لاتین ، رویداد پیشرو جهانی در صنعت مسافرت آمریکای لاتین ، خوشحال است که برنامه خریدار میزبان خود را برای رویداد راه اندازی در تاریخ 23-25 آوریل 2013 اعلام می کند. این مراسم افتتاحیه ، که در مرکز Transamerica سائوپائولو از ساعت 12:00 بعد از ظهر تا 8:00 بعد از ظهر در طول سه روز برگزار می شود ، 200 خریدار ارشد به میزبانی WTM آمریکای لاتین از هر دو آمریکای لاتین و خارج از کشور خواهد داشت. WTM آمریکای لاتین اولین رویداد جهانی برای صنعت مسافرت و جهانگردی آمریکای لاتین است که به طور فزاینده ای مهم است و به بخشهای ورودی و ورودی به یک بازار تجاری منحصر به فرد می دهد تا معاملات خود را برای تأمین رشد منطقه انجام دهد. بازار جهانی سفر 2011 در لندن 1,653،2012 میلیون پوند تجارت عظیم تا WTM 5.2 برای صنعت مسافرت جهانی ایجاد خواهد کرد. WTM آمریکای لاتین نقشی مشابه در ایجاد تجارت برای منطقه بازی خواهد کرد ، که هر سال 2021 درصد افزایش تعداد گردشگران (از جمله مسافران بین کشورها و منطقه) را تجربه می کند تا سال 55,191,000 که تعداد گردشگران به XNUMX نفر برسد ، طبق شورای جهانی سفر و جهانگردی. برنامه خریداران میزبان WTM آمریکای لاتین فقط برای خریدارانی است که هر ساله بیش از 500,000 دلار آمریکا تجارت انجام می دهند. خریداران میزبان در هر سه روز حداکثر هشت قرار ملاقات با غرفه داران (در غرفه های خود) خواهند داشت و مزایایی به ارزش بیش از 500 دلار آمریکا دریافت می کنند ، از جمله: - دسترسی به سالن های اختصاصی - تازه سازی رایگان - دسترسی به اینترنت - اتاق های جلسات اختصاصی - بسته رایگان (کاتالوگ ، مسیریاب) - دسترسی به پذیرایی های اختصاصی - تخفیف دسترسی به سمینارها و کنفرانس ها در طول این رویداد - فرصت حضور در کنفرانس ها (WTM Vision) با 20 درصد تخفیف مدیر نمایشگاه های جهانی سفر رید ، بازار جهانی سفر به آمریکای لاتین ، لارنس رینیش گفت: WTM آمریکای لاتین رویدادی است که در آن صنعت جهانی جهانگردی و جهانگردی معاملات تجاری آمریکای لاتین را انجام می دهد ، که برنامه خریدار میزبان نقش مهمی در آن خواهد داشت. "من از بسته خریدار میزبانی که معرفی کردیم خوشحالم. من معتقدم که این امر به نفع خریداران ، غرفه داران خواهد بود و واقعاً به تسهیل تجارت منطقه کمک خواهد کرد. " Siber Güvenlik Hükümet, Sağlık ve EduTech'in COVID-19 ile Baş Etmesine Nasıl Yardımcı Oldu? Covid-19 salgınının ortaya çıkışı ve toplumumuz üzerindeki etkisi, insanların işyerinde seyahat etme, etkileşim ve işbirliği yapma yolunda birçok dramatik değişiklik yarattı. Sadece siber güvenlik ihtiyacını olabildiğince katı bir şekilde güçlendiren salgın sonucunda çeşitli eğilimler yaşanıyor. Işbirliği araçları İşbirliği araçlarının benimsenmesi COVID-19'dan sonra önemli ölçüde zirve yaptı. Koronavirüs hakkındaki endişeler, uzak çalışmalarda büyük bir artışa neden oldu; birçok kuruluş, özellikle şehirler, eyaletler ve hatta tüm ülkeler nihayet sapı yaymaktan engellendiğinde, işçilerini evde kalmaya zorladı veya en azından teşvik etti. Bu arada, milyonlarca insan birkaç hafta boyunca evde çalışıyorken, birçoğu neyse ki ücretsiz olan çevrimiçi video konferans ve işbirliği yazılımında bir artış oldu, bu da kuruluşların uygulamalarına entegre etmesine izin verdi. Evden çalışmak ilk başta biraz zor olabilir. Ancak daha önce uzaktan çalışmayı bir uygulama olarak benimsemeye isteksiz olan birçok örgütün artık benimsemekten başka seçeneği olmadığı doğrudur. Uzaktan çalışma hakkında uzun zamandır birçok yanlış anlama var, ancak küresel salgın, daha önce tartışmalı yöneticileri ve yöneticileri uzaktan çalışmanın gerçekten çok olumlu bir etkiye sahip olabileceğini fark etmeye zorlayan uygulamanın evrensel olarak benimsenmesiyle sonuçlandı. Sonuç olarak, birçok kuruluş Covid-19 krizi sona erdikten sonra bile uzaktan ve esnek çalışma modellerini programlarına daha kalıcı olarak dahil etmeyi planlamaya başladı. Global araştırma ve danışmanlık firması Gartner tarafından yayınlanan yeni bir araştırmaya göre, iş kültüründeki değişim iş gücünün neredeyse yarısı için kalıcı olabilir. Cevap
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the thoughtful reader to make independent discoveries of his own. But we must not fail to call attention to another phenomenon which has the closest connection with technical progress. This is the growing influence of statistical thinking, and the forever more detailed analysis of the material which statistics supply to the technical organization. The precision of statistical methods, in which concepts like volume, index, representation, substitution, inclusion, and generalization are among the most important, increases as the technical organization extends its causal mechanism. This restless counting over and over of the available resources, down to the minutest details, and the importance attached to statistical findings – all this speaks a clear language. A Bismarck, a Mark Twain, felt a distrust for statistics, the distrust of the statesman or the artist for the mechanical determinations on which this science is based to the exclusion of all else. It was the distrust for the quantitative results supplied by statisticians working with quantitative units. This distrust is not unfounded, for statistics have ever had a close relation to rational humbug. Therefore, it is wise to receive statistical findings with some grain of salt, never to forget the question cui bono? – who profits? Who is asking the question, and what interests are served by the answer? It can be observed everywhere that mechanization enforces the organization of work. Technical thinking, imbued with an unlimited drive for power, acts imperiously and recklessly. Full of unshakable faith in organization, it promotes and expands organization in all directions, and engulfs unorganized life wherever it finds it. That is why technical progress is accompanied by an ever more mushrooming growth of bureaucracy, for the extension of the organization necessarily requires a parallel extension of bureaus. One of the inevitable consequences of this is the swarming of the "pay-rollers." XVII - THE RAVAGES OF FUNCTIONALISM The exact scientist is exact only in one respect – his causalism. Only in this respect can he be called exact. Every other form of exactness is beyond him. His activity is primarily descriptive measuring and its results are expressed in terms of numbers. Hence the Kantian statement that "in every investigation of nature there is only as much real science as there is mathematics." But when we consider this extraordinary importance of numbers, what else does it signify but that the endeavors of science are imitative, that the task of science is exact imitation, and that only by imitation does it succeed in wresting the secrets from God and nature? An experiment, for example, must produce the exact conditions which make possible the exact imitation. Such intuition as the scientist possesses is of an uncovering and imitating kind. In the realm of technology where application and exploitation of mechanical laws and their reconstruction are the task, scientific activity consists in copying nature's inventions. The machine is an imitative invention. Obviously, what appears to be mechanical in nature is most open to imitation. The mechanical aspect of nature thus becomes the opening wedge for successful causal thinking. Only a mind which interprets the universe as a machine can succeed in constructing smaller machines that capture imitatively the workings of mechanical forces. And only after experiences have been accumulated and power has been harnessed, is it possible to apply what was learned to other fields, as is done by the biologist who subjects even animated nature to the mechanical frame of reference. In the realm of life, however, the category of causality, such as it was used in classical physics, is no longer sufficient. Causes and effects retain something independent, some elusive quality, a semblance of personality. But this vital quality disappears as the law of causality is transmuted into an all-embracing functionalism that is applied to, and observed in every work process. Where everything has been turned into function, everything can be explained by function. Nobody knows as yet what a function really is, or how it is brought about, nor what the reduction of all life to functions is leading to. But the implications of such thinking are quite easily seen. We have alluded already to the role of functionalism in work, and to the change it effects upon the worker. We have pointed out that the functional relation of the worker to his work actually separates him from it as a person. An invention like the assembly line shows functional thinking to a high degree, for here all the functions of work are lined up within the sequence of lifeless time, and the workmen are stationed along the line as functionaries of a work process that has been cut into pieces. What is the consequence? The worker loses his identity; as a person he loses individuality; he is still noticeable only as the performer of a function. As a human figure he fades out, and from the viewpoint of technical progress it would be desirable if he disappeared altogether, if the production process were fully automatic and operable without aid of the human hand, like a transmission, a chain drive, an escalator, or the cartridge belt of a machine gun. Nothing is so significant in functional thinking as its completely impersonal character. This manner of thinking is as far removed from physiognomy as is humanly possible. It is the mark of a world wherein all things lose face and form, a world where everything turns relative and relativity becomes autonomous. For functions are nothing but the relations of movements occurring in lifeless time. Thus, the functional thinking of the scientist and the technician is the prime mover which pushes automatism and successfully expands it. This whole chain drive of causalism, this whole interpretation of all things as functions of interacting forces, where does it lead to? Where do we finally get with this concept that can never give us more than a description of movement relations? This concept of functionalism leads to a violation, the utter ruthlessness of which few people have as yet fully grasped. It is one of the coldest discoveries of rational thinking that guides technical progress and that attempts to make all concepts of knowledge subservient to technology. All functionalism is instrumentalism, a thinking in terms of tools applied to man. For functional thinking means nothing else than subjecting the individual man to a system of functions. Such thinking is perfectly adapted to technical progress; it is even identical with it. For, as technology drives towards the organization of the masses and the mechanization of work, as it aims at complete automatism, it is moving along the same road as functional thinking, which pursues the same goal. The more perfect the technical organization, the more it has to become a mere sequence of functions. And the closer the mechanization of work approaches automatism, the clearer becomes the role of functionalism – for what else is an automaton than a machine functioning by itself? In the end, then, this thinking leads to the human robot, the functionary without a will of his own. Within the framework of functional thought there is no theologian concerned with the problem of predestination, no philosopher concerned with determination. Within this framework the technician alone thinks and bethinks himself of the perfection of the great machinery which he constructs. And in so far as he is a technician, the question of whether and to what extent man is gifted with a free will does not concern him. He can be concerned only with mechanics. If we imagine this machinery developed to its full potential – a state it has not yet reached – covering the whole earth, a powerful and vast mechanism to which all mankind is harnessed mechanically, organized through and through down to the last cell, fully trained to operate along the assembly line of functions; if we imagine this, we can well understand the forebodings with which others have viewed such a scene. But this vision, mindful of the tower of Babel, has little likelihood of coming true. Nor is it likely that we are moving toward conditions similar to those of the insect communities – that a great ant or termite state will be the reward of our present efforts. Such parallels obviously force themselves on the observer of machine civilization, since it indeed shows traits, such as a deification of, and gluttony for work, that seem to justify such an association of ideas. But though collectivism of that sort may be attempted, it cannot be realized. That kind of collectivism carries within itself the seeds of its own destruction. For reasons to which we shall refer, it must collapse under its own weight before reaching its final realization. The pillage of the earth in which technology engages has its counterpart in the thinking of the technician himself. Functional thinking is a consequence of an already very widespread mental devastation and desolation, which corresponds to the blighted areas of industry. It is an unimaginative way of thought, thought denuded of all images, a pauperized mentality which stands behind all mechanics. Its very language betrays its loss of vitality. Just what are the means and the ends of this functionalism spawned by casual thinking? The lust for power, the enslavement of nature, the harnessing of its laws. Functionalism is nothing other than a means to squeeze the last drop from the old and dwindling resources through new working methods, more rational and more ruthless than before. What does it achieve but more rapid consumption? And what does it give in return for what it devours? What does it actually yield? Nothing except the principles through which such consumption can be extended further. Such a mode of thinking cannot last. It must go to extremes, and must collapse the moment it has outlived its usefulness. XVIII – TECHNOLOGY’S ATTACK ON LAW AND PROPERTY We must learn to distinguish the technical organization from the other organizations. The characteristic of technical organization is the exclusive rule of causal determinations and deductions, a strict mechanism to which even man is subjected. By the same token, its rationality, too, is mechanical. This sets it apart from other organizations, particularly from the state. The state ought to be viewed as the human organization par excellence, as the status which determines and orders every other status, the whole that assigns their tasks to all the parts. The relationship of the technical organization to the state is misunderstood to the same extent that we are ignorant of the goals of technology. The technician’s lust for power aims also at the domination of the state. He wants to replace statist organization by technical organization. The fact of this ambition is established beyond doubt; the advocates and pioneers of technocracy quite patently pursue this goal. The methods that technology employs in this contest can be studied by observing its attitude toward other organizations. We have already observed how technology has proceeded to subject all economic reason to its own. It proceeds in the same manner with the organization of law. It changes the nature and the purpose of law. The technician, of necessity, is a defender of the natural law; he must oppose the historical school because technical thinking can harmonize only with the concepts of natural law. Here again, he tries to define natural law in technical terms, by substituting a technical norm for the juridical norm, by attacking the specifically judicial quality of natural law, and by transforming both the lex ferenda, that is, the law in the making, and the lex lata, or the established law, according to his technical normative frame of reference. He destroys mechanically the opinio necessitatis, the feeling of rightness; the superseding power of common law grown from the customs of the people; the vital force of the law. He cannot understand “that laws are not only abolished by vote of the law-making body, but also through disuse with the tacit consensus of all”, [“ut leges non solum suffragio legislatoris, sed etiam tacito consensus omnium per desuetudinem abrogentur," L 32 Sect. I D de leg. (I, 3 ), Julian]. This tacit consensus is beyond his understanding. But even the formal statutory law, valid by the authority of the state, goes against his grain. The technician pushes the subject matter of the law into the foreground everywhere, and in the place of statutory law he puts technical regulations. This is the explanation for the boundless flood of legislative matter, for the machinelike production of laws and regulations that are characterized by their technical, normative nature. The technician fights the specific, conceptforming force of jurisprudence, the force that masters the wildly sprouting legal matter by logical procedure. The technician is the first to attack "conceptual jurisprudence." And these attacks are all the more effective in so far as they find support in those trends of thought that assert the existence of a basic opposition between the formal statutory law and the opinio necessitatis. Such trends aim at the dissolution of all law and consequently of justice generally, and at the subordination of law and justice to the dynamic will of the people which is supposedly in eternal opposition to formal statutory law. And so we witness, for instance, that the so-called "directives," executive orders, the departmental decrees of bureaucracy, the practices of business empires, begin to exert a destructive influence, begin to void and absorb formal statutory law. The rights of the individual are turned into the rights of the technically organized person. Property, for example, defined by jurists as the exclusive right of a person over a thing, completely loses its meaning when it falls victim to technical organization. Now property is no longer independent, no longer exclusively subject to the will of the proprietor. It becomes technically organized property over which disposition can be made from outside, that is, from a sphere not defined by the right of the owner. To the technician, law is that which serves a technical purpose. Wherever he intrudes into the legal organization, be it in its legislative, its juridical, or its administrative branches, he either supplants the law by technical rules and regulations, or adapts it to his end by means of interpretation.5 Where the technician appears as the opponent of the letter of the law, where he makes himself the popular "champion of equity," he does so, not because he is more concerned over equity than the jurist, but because equity serves him as a back door through which he can sneak into the legal organization. He opposes everywhere the strict formalism of the jus cogens, the law that "cannot be modified by private agreement" (privatorum pactis mutari non potest), in favor of the jus dispositivum, or flexible law, for the technical regulation is flexible and causal at the same time. By his manipulations he attempts to change and transform the entire legal status of persons and of objects. The state's right of confiscation, which the old style jurists of the state had designed for considerate, sparing, and severely restricted use, is being ex· tended, on the insistence of the technician, in a direction where every collision between the individual and the technical organization provides a precedent for confiscation. The technician fights property, not on theoretical grounds, as does the social agitator; he actually transforms it by subjecting it to his all-powerful organization which disposes of it freely from rational points of view. Foremost he attacks the right to land; for landed property he feels that loathing which the dynamic mind has for all that is immobile. It may be said in general of the transgressions into the realm of the law, as of the transgressions into other realms, that technical progress attacks everything that is at rest, everything that possesses permanence and stability, everything that does not lend itself to technical progress or withdraw from it. Technical progress attacks everything that denies it the resources, whether human beings or dead things, which it craves to devour. The quiescent reserves which, as the resources of our children and children's children, we must preserve and use sparingly like conscientious guardians, are a thorn in the technician's side. By the same token the technician attacks the independent life of all nontechnical organizations: these he tries to force into dependence upon the mechanical apparatus he has created
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e a una maggiore disponibilità a investire per poter comprare questo prodotto. Per questo motivo, le politiche economiche dell’unione europea sono aumentate. Avviso, sildenafil basics 100 mg rezeptfrei viene già stato rilevato che in italia, nei paesi dove il riconoscimento è obbligatorio, viene impossibile garantire il prezzo alcuno della viagra, ossia che viene garantito la scelta del cibo. Una volta che l’onorevole e l’onorevole deputato hanno letto il mio libro, l’autore sarà più in grado di dire quanto io sia in grado di svolgere, cioè che è molto pi . What is overland flooding? Overland flooding, where water flows overland and seeps into buildings through windows, doors and cracks, is one of the most frequent and costly natural hazards in Canada. Floods have affected hundreds of thousands of Canadians and cause millions of dollars in damages each year. Floods can occur in any region of Canada, at any time of the year, but most flooding occurs when the volume of water in a river or stream exceeds the capacity of the channel. Flooding also takes place along lake and coastal shorelines, when higher than normal water levels inundate low-lying areas. Heavy rainfall can lead to flooding, especially in the spring, when the ground is still frozen or already saturated from previous storms. Rapid melting of snow and ice jams can also lead to floods. Flash—or sudden—flooding, in which warning time is extremely limited, can result from other causes such as hurricanes or the failure of dams. The Cost of Flooding Over the past few decades, urban flooding has been a growing problem, resulting in more than $20 billion in flood damage over the ten-year period between 2003 and 2012. An added concern is that many Canadian homeowners aren't insured for overland flooding, and can be left to deal with replacement of their valuables and expensive repairs. Governments may have assistance programs in place to address disasters, but individuals play a crucial role too. We all need to do everything we can to protect our homes and families. Being Flood Ready can save money, properties and lives. Floods are a natural phenomenon, but the risk of property damage becomes high when development happens in flood-prone areas. Report a problem or mistake on this page - Date modified: Santa Abiusi – Sabato 9 marzo, la chiesa ha celebrato la Giornata internazionale di preghiera delle donne avventiste. Il sermone è stato presentato da tre sorelle che, partendo dal testo di Luca 9:57-62, hanno esaminato l’esperienza di tre seguaci di Cristo e la loro conversazione con lui. L’analisi di queste esperienze ha rivelato alla comunità il significato di essere un vero discepolo di Cristo e i vari aspetti del discepolato. Siamo stati benedetti con una verità eterna e un grande messaggio da dare a un mondo in attesa; e la chiamata di Gesù, «Seguimi», è ancora attuale per ognuno di noi oggi. In 1950s, actually there were some higher education institutions like Faculty of Technique and Faculty of Science which were part of the University of Indonesia (Universitas Indonesia) and Perguruan Tinggi Pendidikan Guru (PTPG) in Bandung. However, the society demanded a state university that can provide a variety range of disciplines. A huge attention from the local and central government to build a state university in Bandung was increasing, particularly when Bandung was appointed to be the host for Asia-Afrika Conference in 1955. Therefore, on October 14th, 1956, Committee for Establishing a State University (Panitia Pembentukan Universitas Negeri) was formed. This committee was formed at Balai Kotapraja Bandung. On the second meeting on December 3rd, 1956, the committee appointed a delegation including Prof. Muh. Yamin, Mr. Soenardi, Mr. Bushar Muhammad, and other West Java’s prominent figures. The delegation have a responsibility to deliver the West Java people’s aspiration about establishing a state university in Bandung to the government, House of Representatives of Bandung City and Bandung Regency, the governor of West Java, the President of UI, the chief of parliament, Minister of PPK, and the President of Republic of Indonesia. Delegates had successfully carried out their duties properly, so the government through Ministerial Decree No. KDP. 11 181 / S dated February 2, 1957, decided to establish the State Committee for Establishment of the State University (PNPUN) in Bandung. On August 25, 1957 the Agency Workers (BP) and PNPUN was chaired by R. Ipik Gandamana, Governor of West Java, were established. BP was formed with the aim to accelerate the birth of the UN. The result of BP is the birth of Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad) on Wednesday, September 11, 1957, confirmed by PP. 37 of 1957 dated 18 September 1957 (Statute No. 91st, 1957). Then based on the Ministerial Decree No. PPK. 91445/CIII dated 20 September, the status and function of BP changed into Unpad Presidium appointed by the President on 24 September 1957 in Bandung governorate office. The name “Padjadjaran” is taken from the name of the Kingdom of Sunda, which Padjadjaran kingdom led by King Siliwangi or King Dewantaprana Maharaja Sri BadugaPakuanPadjadjaran (1473-1513 AD). This name is the name of the most famous and remembered by the people of West Java, because of the fame figure among kings in tatarSunda at the time. At the time of its establishment, Unpad consists of 4 faculties: Faculty of Law and Knowledge Society, Faculty of Economics (both originated from the Freedom Foundation at the University of Bandung), the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (Guidance and Counseling, an incarnation of PTPG in Bandung), and the Faculty of Medicine. On 18 September 1960, the Faculty of Physical Education (FPJ) as a change from the Academy of Physical Education has opened. In 1963-1964, FPJ and FKIP have been separated fromUnpad and each one into the Academy of Sports and the Institute of Teacher Training & Education (Teachers’ Training College, now the University of Education Indonesia). Within 6 years, Unpad has increased another eight faculties, there are: Faculty of Social and Political (October 13, 1958, now FISIP), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (Faculty, 1 November 1958), the Faculty of Letters (1 November 1958, is now the Faculty Cultural Studies), Faculty of Agriculture (Agriculture Faculty, 1 November 1959), the Faculty of Dentistry (FKG, 1 November 1959), Faculty Publication (18 September 1960, is now the Communication Faculty), Faculty of Psychology (FPSI, 1 September 1961), and the Faculty of Animal Husbandry (Fapet, July 27, 1963). In 2005, Unpad has opened another three faculty; there are Faculty of Nursing (FIK, June 8, 2005), Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science (FPIK, July 7, 2005), and Faculty of Agricultural Industrial Engineering (FTIP, 13 September 2005). Over two years later, Unpad improves the status of two majors in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, the Faculty of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmacy became (October 17, 2006), as well as a Faculty of Engineering, Department of Earth Sciences Geology (FTG, December 12, 2007). In order to improve the performance of the university, on 7 September 1982, Unpad opened the Faculty of Graduate. This faculty organizes educational levels of S-2 (Masters Program) and S-3 (Doctoral program). In further developments, the Faculty of Graduate transferred to Graduate Program. In an effort to meet the middle-skilled experts, Unpad also organizes educational Diploma Program (S-0) for some fields of science. Leadership in Unpad also experienced growth in officially, structurally, and organizationally. Leadership of the first form of the Presidium, the chairman R. Ipik Gandamana, the Vice Chairman of R. Djusar Subrata, and the Secretary.Soeradi Wikantaatmadja and R Suradiradja. Furthermore on November 6, 1957 Mr. Iwa Koesoemasoemantri was appointed President of Unpad, based on Presidential Decree No. 14/M/1957, dated October 1, 1957. The Swearing has been done at the State Palace. In the exercise of duties, the President of the University Senate of Unpad accompanied by Secretary Prof. M. Sadarjun Siswomartojo, Kusumahatmadja, and Mr. Bushar Muhammad. Since 1963, the name of University President was changed to the Rector and the University Secretary or Authorization designation was changed to Vice President Rector. The composition of Unpad Rector since its inception until now as follows: 1957-1961 Prof. Iwa Koesoemasoemantri, S.H. 1961-1964 Prof. R. G. Soeria Soemantri, drg. 1964-1966 Moh. Sanusi Hardjadinata 1966-1973 Prof. R. S. Speria Atmadja 1973-1974 Prof. Dr. Muchtar K., S.H., LL.M. 1974-1982 Prof. Dr. Hindersah Wiraatmadja 1982-1990 Prof. Dr. Yuyun Wirasasmita, M.Sc. 1990-1998 Prof. Dr. H. Maman P. Rukmana 1998-2007 Prof. Dr. H. A. Himendra Wargahadibrata, dr., Sp.An., KIC 2007-now Prof. Dr. Ir. Ganjar Kurnia, DEA. Inspired by the “Tsukuba Academic City”, the sixth Unpad Rector, Prof.. Dr. Hindersah Wiraatmadja initiated “Manglayang Academic City”, which is located at the foot of Mount Manglayang. The concept was to answer Unpad campus issues that spread across 13 different locations, making it hard to coordinate and develop the capacity, in addition to improving productivity, quality of graduates, and the development of facilities / physical infrastructure. Since 1977, Unpad pioneered the provision of adequate land and in 1979 a new agreement with the appointment of former plantation land in Jatinangor. Based on the Decree of the Governor of West Java No. 593/3590/1987, the area is covering a total area of 3285.5 hectares, which is divided into seven regions designated. Especially for Unpad, Jatinangor campus development area covers 175 h. Gradually, Unpad have started moving its education activities into Jatinangorsince 1983, initiated by the Faculty of Agriculture. This was followed by other faculties inUnpad. On January 5, 2012, UnpadRectorate building is officially moved to Jatinangor. James Joyce’s “Araby” Buy custom James Joyce’s “Araby” essay James Joyce’s “Araby” is a short story that makes up Dubliners, James Joyce’s collection. It is one of the fifteen stories in the collection. The stories were published in 1914, though they were written between 1904 and 1906. The collection portrays life in Dublin, Ireland in the 20th century. “Araby” is a story about an Irish adolescent experiencing boyhood fantasies (Mandel 1). The story is based on the experiences of James while growing up in Ireland. He lived on North Richmond Street, central part of Dublin city. As in the narrator, James is not an orphan. The characters in “Araby” include the narrator, narrator’s aunt and uncle, Mangan, Mangan’s sister, Mrs. Mercer, stall attendant, porters at train station and school master. The narrator goes on a journey which ends to be fruitless. The themes in the story are the dangers of idealization, coming of age, the life of poverty versus mind, the loss of innocence (Beja 1). This essay will discuss the importance of the setting on its main character in James Joyce’s “Araby”. Summary of “Araby” The story takes place in North Richmond Street, Ireland’s largest city, located in Dublin. The narrator of the story is a boy who lives near the street with his aunt and uncle. Near the end of the street is an empty two storied house that was once lived by a priest tenant. After the death of the priest, the narrator explored the empty house. In winter, a boy named Mangan, the narrator and their friends would play in the muddy street and lanes behind and along the houses. The children hide when the narrator’s uncle appears into the streets and keeps in the shadow if Mangan’s sister comes from the house to call Mangan to tea. The narrator is strongly attracted to Mangan’s sister and he constantly thinks of her even though he had never had a conversation with her. Finally, she speaks to him and asks him whether he will be going to the bazaar market. She is to attend a convent therefore will not go to the Araby bazaar. He tells her that he shall bring her something if he goes to the bazaar. He gets permission and goes to the Araby bazaar, he does not accomplish his mission and comes back home. He experiences pain that comes from encountering love in reality and not in its elevated form (Mandel 1). The Importance of the Setting on its Main Character in James Joyce's "Araby" Setting is part of atmosphere which consists of prevailing tone of the story and its result effect or meaning (Beja 1). The surrounding helps in setting the mood of the story. The setting plays a vital role in development of a story. It is so vital that it can influence the opinions and behavior of the characters. In stories with descriptions of animals, sounds, wind, light, shadows and shapes, the author uses them to create a mood or atmosphere for the actions (Mandel 1). The story portrays Dublin and the pain experienced from some encounters of love. The details of Araby set the mood of the story. The story is set in dreary, dark Dublin. North Richmond street is a gloomy atmosphere; blind and quiet street. The explanation of the street sets the scene in the beginning of the story. The description of North Richmond Street as blind portrays a dead end. The gloomy atmosphere is a reflection of what lies ahead in the life of the narrator while in Araby bazaar (Mandel 1). In the “Araby” story, the adjectives “blind,” “uninhabited,” “quiet,” “detached,” “brown,” “descent,” “square,” are a presentation of a world that is simple and practical (James 1). The narrator and his friends discover some aspects of beauty in the street surroundings while playing in the neighborhood. The description of Araby bazaar as hushed, dark, mostly empty and more money focused is a reflection of narrators’ bleak realization that imagination is not reality. James chooses a gloomy setting to well describe the surroundings of a young adolescent’s boy who is experiencing infatuation. The gloomy surroundings portray the boring and dull life of the naïve young boy. James use of darkness makes the life’s boy more vivid and believable (Mandel 1). James presents Dublin as a blind city that is struggling from oppressive forces. The narrator’s use of obscure and dark references portrays the reality of living in Dublin, a gloomy town. The bright light references that describe Mangan’s sister is a reflection of the narrators warm and love feelings for her (Beja 1). The light references create a world of fairytale that is full of illusions and dreams. The narrator imagines that he will bring a gift to Mangan’s sister once he is back from Araby bazaar. The use of light by the author to describe Mangan’s sister creates a joyful and heavenly atmosphere (Mandel 1). The experiences of the narrator in “Araby” illustrate how we sometimes expect more to happen in reality, more than reality can provide. More expectations than reality can provide leave us feeling disappointed and disillusioned. Although sometimes expectations disappoint people, it is ok to have bright imaginations because it creates emotions that are healthy. Buy custom James Joyce’s “Araby” essay Before you sit down to determine the best type of turf for your next project perhaps you could take a few minutes to understanding what grass actually is and how it works. The Gramineae (or grass) family of plants is one of
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St human cells are influenced by serotonin. wanda67 posted a comment · Jun 04, 2018 Bigotry is stronger than prejudice, a more severe mindset and often accompanied by discriminatory behavior. It’s arrogant and mean-spirited, but requires neither systems nor power to engage in. Racism is the system that allows the racial group that’s already in power to retain power. Since arriving on U.S. soil white people have used their power to create preferential access to survival rights and resources (housing, education, jobs, voting, citizenship, food, health, legal protection, etc.) for white people while simultaneously impeding people of color’s access to these same rights and resources.Though “reverse racism” is a term I sometimes hear, it has never existed in America. White people are the only racial group to have ever established and retained power in the United States. The events that takes place during photosynthesis are: i. Absorption of sunlight energy by chlorophyll. ii. Conversion of light energy into chemical energy and splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen by light energy. iii. Reduction of carbon dioxide by hydrogen to form carbohydrate like glucose by utilising chemical energy obtained by the transformation of light energy. تعیین اثربخشی درمان در رفتار مردم اغلب روانشناسی را به عنوان یک علم نادرست در نظر می گیرند که از همان اندازه ها یا ارزش هایی مانند شیمی و زیست شناسی برخوردار نیستند. این به طور عمده یک ارزیابی ناعادلانه است، به خصوص در مورد تحقیقات که در آن روانشناسان بر اساس یک شواهد مبتنی بر علم به عنوان هر محقق دیگری تکیه می کنند. یکی از روش های رایج برای انجام این کار با یک مدل تحلیل، به نام طراحی ABA است. آن را برای هر دو تحلیل تجربی رفتار (که هدف آن ایجاد ارتباط بین موقعیت ها و رفتارها) و تجزیه و تحلیل رفتار کاربردی (که در آن تکنیک ها بر اساس اصول یادگیری استفاده می شود) استفاده می شود. این یک رویکرد برای تحقیق در مورد آموزش، مشاوره، آسیب شناسی گفتار و تحقیقات رفتاری انسان و غیر انسانی است. ABA یکی از تکنیک های روانشناسی است که هنگام کار با کودکان مبتلا به اوتیسم استفاده می شود. درک ABA Design طراحی ABA یک مدل الزام آور ساده برای درک است. این شامل ایجاد یک وضعیت پایه (فاز "A")، معرفی یک درمان یا مداخله برای ایجاد نوعی تغییر (مرحله "B")، و سپس از بین بردن درمان برای دیدن اینکه آیا آن را به خط پاییز بازگشته است. طراحی ABA به محققان اجازه می دهد تا میزان موثر بودن درمان را ارزیابی کنند. اگر رفتار پس از خروج درمان به طور کامل به مرحله پایانی بازگردد، دانشمندان می توانند بسیار مطمئن باشند که درمان کار می کند. اگر پس از درمان مجددا تأثیر مشابهی برداشته شود، اعتماد به نفس در درمان بسیار افزایش می یابد. نمونه هایی از طراحی ABA طراحی ABA در یکی از چندین مدل متفاوت که در تحقیقات تک تک مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. تحقیق تنها موضوع است که در آن یک موضوع - چه شخصی و چه گروه - به عنوان کنترل خود عمل می کند. این می تواند مورد استفاده قرار گیرد به شدت آزمون موفقیت مداخله در یک فرد، مدرسه، و یا جامعه و ارائه اقدامات ارزیابی در مورد اثربخشی کلی این مداخله به عنوان مثال، اجازه بدهید بگوییم ما یک آزمایش برای تعیین تأثیر تصاویر بر روی درک مطلب در میان کلاس سوم می گذاریم. تحت مدل طراحی ABA: - دانش آموزان سوم با خواندن پاراگراف متن (فاز "A") شروع می کنند و برای سنجش درک خواندنشان آزمایش می شوند. - پس از آن گروه مشابهی خواسته می شود که پاراگراف دیگری را بخواند، این بار با یک تصویر (مرحله "B")، و دوباره آزمایش شود. - برای تکمیل مدل ABA، دانشجویان یک پاراگراف تنها متن را ارائه می دهند و یک بار دیگر آزمایش می شوند. بازبینی نمرات باعث می شود تا محققان بینش های تاثیر مداخله در صورت وجود داشته باشند. ویژگی های کلیدی طراحی ABA مدل ABA بسیاری از ویژگی های دیگر روش های تحقیق تک تک موضوع را به اشتراک می گذارد: - طراحی ABA به محققان اجازه می دهد اندازه گیری های مکرر را برای ایجاد الگوهای سازگار در رفتارها به دست آورند. - این اجازه می دهد تا محققان برای اندازه گیری رفتار با دقت در شرایط کنترل شده با ارزش های سازگار. - این تمرکز بر اینکه چگونه یک متغیر تنها روی یک متغیر تحت تاثیر رفتار قرار می گیرد. - این نگرانی نیست که چگونه نتایج با جمعیت عمومی مقایسه می شود، بلکه این که چگونه یک مداخله تحت کنترل تنها موضوع و موضوع را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد. طراحی ABAB یک فرمت از مدل طراحی ABAB است. این شامل اندازه گیری سطح پایه (فاز "A")، معرفی درمان (مرحله "B")، خروج از درمان و مجددا آن را یک بار دیگر وارد کنید. این یک مدل تأییدی است که نه تنها به ما می گوید اگر یک اثر را می توان تکرار کرد، اما این اثر چهقدر قوی است. در برخی موارد، این اثر ممکن است کوتاه مدت و در طول زمان کاهش یابد. در بعضی دیگر، ممکن است فردی یا گروهی بیشتر در معرض این درمان قرار گیرد. > منبع: > Byiers، B .؛ Reichle، J .؛ و سیمون، F. "طراحی تجربی یک موضوع واحد برای تمرین مبتنی بر شواهد". من گفتم زبان لات پاتول. 2012؛ 21 (4): 397-414؛ DOI: 10.1044 / 1058-0360 (2012 / 11-0036). Question – How do I know if I’m Suffering from Depression or Just the Holiday Blues? Answer – It’s a common misconception that having the blues is the same as depression; however depression is a serious disorder that can interfere with your ability to function normally in your everyday life. The blues refers to normal variations of a sad mood that most people experience at certain times during their lives, like around the holidays. The sad mood that characterizes depression however, is more frequent and severe compared to the blues and is accompanied by other symptoms including changes in interest, energy, concentration, sleep, appetite, and sometimes, thoughts of death or suicide. In addition, depression can make you more likely to have other health problems such as fatigue, sleep problems, and appetite changes. Neurotransmitters — or chemicals in your brain, such as serotonin — which keep your moods on an even keel may be out of kilter if you are depressed. If you think you might be suffering from depression and you’re not sure it’s just the blues, the Alzheimer’s Care Resource Center offers complimentary and confidential depression screenings in our office or in the comfort of your own home. To schedule a screening call 561-588-4545. Although it’s normal for many people to suffer from the blues at this time of year, it’s particularly important to determine if you suffer from a real depression. Depression is definitely treatable and curable. Reach out to the Alzheimer’s Care Resource Center today. To submit your questions to Ask the Expert, send an email to [email protected] Elektrik ses çıkartır mı? Hiç elektrikli bir cihazdan gelen belirsiz bir uğultu sesi fark ettiniz mi? Elektriği duymak mümkün mü? Birçok kişi elektriği “duyabileceğini” veya “hissedebileceğini” ifade etmektedir. TV’nizin sesini kapattınız ancak hala açık olduğunu duyuyor musunuz? Bazı insanlar bu seslere son derece duyarlıdır. Onları daha önce duymamış olabilir veya dikkat etmemiş olabilirsiniz, fakat yakından dinlerseniz, uğultulu elektrik sesleri etrafımızda. Kesintisiz uğultulu gürültünün kendi adı bile var: “şebeke uğultusu”. Bazı insanlar bu sesi rahatsız edici bulsa da, bazıları elektrik sesini yatıştırıcı bulduklarını söylüyorlar. Elektrikli Ev Aletlerinde Ses Nasıldır? Elektrik neden gürültü çıkarıyor? Duyduğumuz o uğultu aslında elektriğin bir yan ürünü. Alternatif akım (AC) bir cihazdan veya elektrik panelinden akarken, değişen manyetik alanlar yaratır. Bu manyetik alanlar, transformatörün dahili bileşenlerinin, genellikle insan işitme aralığında (20 ila 20.000 Hz.) olan 50 ile 60 Hz frekansında titreşmesine neden olur. Genel olarak, yüksek voltajda çalışan cihazlar düşük voltajda çalışan cihazlara nazaran daha sesli çalışır. Düşük voltajları sadece belirli bir kaç kişi duyulabilir. Hiç televizyonda çok sevdiğiniz programı dikkatle dinlerken bir anda ses kesintiye uğradı mı? Bazen saç kurutma makinesi veya elektrikli matkap gibi cihazlar, her ikisi de aynı anda kullanıldığında televizyonunuza müdahale edebilir. Hassas elektronik cihazlarınızın aşırı akım koruyuculara ve güç düzenleyicilere bağlı olması cihazların birbirleri arasındaki etkileşimi büyük ölçüde azaltabilir ve cihazlarınızın düzgün çalışmasını sağlayabilir. Yüksek Gerilim Enerji Hatlarındaki Uğultu: Yüksek enerji hatlarından gelen gürültü korona deşarjından (elektrik boşalması) kaynaklanır. Korona deşarjı ise enerji hattı etrafındaki havanın iyonize olmasıdır. Kaçak elektrik deşarjları güç hatlarını çevreleyen havada dolaştıkça bir tıslama sesi duyulur. Bu ses, yüksek voltajda ve havadaki nem iletkenliği artığında yani nemli veya ıslak havalarda daha sık görülür. Ses sinir bozucu olabilir, ancak genellikle yakındaki insanlar için tehlike oluşturmaz. Elektriksel Gürültü Hakkında Ne Zaman Endişe Duymalıyız? Ev aletlerinde veya cihazlarında düşük, sabit uğultu veya vızıltı genellikle endişelenecek bir şey değildir. Normalden daha yüksek sesler fark ederseniz veya çatırdama, cızırtı veya diğer olağandışı sesler duyarsanız, cihazı hemen fişten çekin ve daha fazla kullanmadan bir elektrikçiye kontrol ettirin. Sigorta/şalter panelinize özellikle dikkat edin. Sadece yakınlarda olduğunuzda duyulabilen sessiz, sabit bir uğultu normaldir, ancak yüksek sesli uğultu, cızırtı veya kıvılcımlanma muhtemelen hasarlı bir tel veya hasarlı bir sigorta/şalter olduğu anlamına gelir. Bu durumda, sorunu kendiniz çözmeye çalışmak tehlikeli olabilir. Sorunu araştırmak ve sorunu çözmek için derhal bir profesyonel elektrikçiyle irtibata geçin! Elektriksel Gürültü Endişeleri için Profesyonel Yardım Alın. Elektrik ve pahalı elektrikli cihazlar söz konusu olduğunda, güvende olmak üzülmekten her zaman daha iyidir. Hasarlı elektrik kabloları veya bileşenleri elektrik çarpmasına veya yangına neden olabilir ve hatalı cihazları kendi başınıza tamir etmeye çalışmak garantinizi geçersiz kılabilir. Elektrik sigortalarınız, kablolarınız veya elektrikli cihazlarınızla ilgili endişeleriniz varsa, randevu almak için Çayyolu, Ümitköy, Bağlıca, Yaşamkent ve Konutkent’te hizmet veren https://www.cayyolu724elektrikci.com/ adresimizi ziyaret edebilir veya sitede yazan 05541940646 numara ile iletişime geçebilirsiniz. مدیر عامل فروشگاه های زنجیره ای افق کوروش افزایش چشم گیر فروش تامین کنندگان کالا را مهمترین انگیزه همکاری دانست و گفت که از آنجائیکه تمامی تامین کنندگان به دنبال فروش حداکثری خود هستند افق کوروش به عنوان بزرگترین خرده فروش ایران محل مناسبی برای عرضه کالا و همچنین رشد فروش حداکثری کالاهای تامین کنندگان است. به گزارش دانستنی انلاین ، حسین صبوری مدیر عامل فروشگاه های زنجیره ای افق کوروش در حاشیه مجمع عمومی عادی سالیانه شرکت که در سالن همایش های پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت برگزار شد از سهم 3 درصدی افق کوروش در بازار خرده فروشی خبر داد و گفت: از آنجا که تامین کنندگان محدودی با ما همکاری دارند می توان برآورد کرد که با چه رشد فروشی مواجه خواهند شد و از طرفی می توانند یک برنامه منظم و سالم را جهت همکاری ترسیم کنند. وی با اشاره به اینکه نزدیک به نیمی از بازار خرید اینترنتی اف ام سی جی (حرکت سریع کالاهای مصرفی) ایران در اختیار اوکالا است اظهار داشت: اوکالا همکاری خود را با شرکت اسنپ در راستای تأمین سریع کالاهای مصرفی آغاز کرده است و محدودیتی برای وسعت همکاری با این مجموعه وجود ندارد و میزان همکاری بستگی به کشش بازار دارد. مدیر عامل افق کوروش با اشاره به تقسیم سود 10 درصدی میان سهامداران با استفاده از معافیت مالیاتی شرکت هایی که امسال سود تقسیم نمی کنند، تصریح کرد: 219 هزار میلیارد تومان سود شرکت از این طریق افزایش یافت که این نقدینگی باعث رشد سود سال گذشته و تغییرات مناسبی در سود سال آینده خواهد داشت ، همچنین نقدینگی مورد نیاز طرح های توسعه ای سال جاری را تامین کرده و بهترین تصمیم ممکن از سوی هیات مدیره برای سهامداران بود. صبوری در خصوص طرح های توسعه ای فروشگاه های زنجیره ای افق کوروش گفت : در پایان سال با روند رو به رشد مناسبی همراه بودیم اما این روند در طی سال و با فصول مختلف نوسان دارد ضمن اینکه یکی از مهمترین برنامه های سال جاری تولید محصولات با نشان تجاری افق کوروش و عرضه آن با قیمت مناسب در فروشگاه ها و همچنین سرمایه گذاری در خرده فروشی های دیگر است. وی همچنین از افزایش سرمایه هزار میلیاردی تومانی خبر داد و گفت : این افزایش سرمایه از محل سود انباشته شرکت تامین خواهد شد و طی 2 ماه آینده با تایید بازرس قانونی به تصویب خواهد رسید./رصدبورس The Federal Communications Commission defines "broadband" Internet as bandwidth of 4Mbps downstream and 1Mbps up. But many Internet services want consumers to use more than that. Netflix, for example, recommends 5Mbps for high-definition video and 25Mbps for "Ultra HD 4K" quality. The FCC is thus considering raising the definition of broadband from 4Mbps to 10Mbps or higher, perhaps 25Mbps. The Washington Post reported this news today, and an FCC official confirmed it to Ars. The commission won't necessarily change the definition of broadband upload speeds. The FCC's Wireline Competition Bureau sent a Notice of Inquiry (NOI) to commissioners today which asks whether broadband should be redefined as 10Mbps down and 1Mbps up or some other level. The NOI
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weight/day), perchlorate can affect the ability of the thyroid to absorb iodine and can limit the production of thyroid hormones, which are important for proper development in children . Continued inhibition of iodine uptake can lead to hypothyroidism, which can result in metabolic problems in adults and abnormal development during gestation and infancy. Low doses (μg/kg/day) of perchlorate have been associated with decreased thyroxine and increased thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in women with low urinary iodine levels . Even small changes in thyroid hormone levels are cause for concern, as mild hypothyroidism during pregnancy has been associated with subtle cognitive defects in children –. Other compounds that inhibit iodine uptake are thiocyanate (SCN) and nitrate (NO3) . These compounds are also present in dietary and water sources, and SCN is a major metabolite of cyanide found in cigarette smoke, so these compounds are important to consider when examining perchlorate's antithyroid effects . Although perchlorate exposure is widespread in the U.S. population, some locations may have higher exposure than others. One such location is the Lower Colorado River region. In Nevada, ammonium perchlorate manufacturing activities contaminated ground and surface waters, and eventually, Lake Mead and the Colorado River (Figure 1). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the State of Nevada are currently overseeing cleanup operations for the area. The Colorado River is a primary source of drinking water for 15 million–20 million people in Arizona, Nevada, and California and also serves as the sole source of irrigation water for California's Imperial Valley. Imperial County has approximately 160,000 residents, and about 20% of families are below the poverty level. Potentially elevated chemical exposures in this low-income population may raise issues of environmental equity. Source: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. The California Environmental Health Tracking Program (CEHTP) conducts surveillance on environmental exposures and environmentally-related chronic diseases. Due to concerns expressed about levels of perchlorate in produce grown in the lower Colorado River region and the lack of human exposure studies , CEHTP partnered with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) Food and Drug Laboratory Branch (FDLB), the California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC), and 2 nongovernmental organizations (Commonweal and Comité Cívico del Valle) to measure perchlorate exposure in the Imperial Valley among persons consuming locally grown produce. Materials and Methods We recruited a convenience sample of 31 residents living in Imperial County, California, from attendees of a community meeting related to local environmental concerns. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant. Adult residents who consumed local produce were eligible to participate. We designed a short questionnaire to elicit information on participants' demographic and personal characteristics (e.g., gender, age, weight, and height), smoking history, primary source of drinking water, water filter use in the home, water consumption, and source of produce. We also asked participants to complete a 24-hr dietary recall and a food diary to be completed for the 24-hr study period. All materials were available in Spanish and English. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. All human subject protocols were approved by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's institutional review board. Participants received their individual results from the laboratory tests of urine, produce, and water and were also provided materials to help interpret the results. Group findings were presented at a participant meeting, and a local clinician was available for consultation with participants for any health concerns related to the study. In addition, participants were asked to collect samples of all drinking water and all local produce consumed during a 24-hr period. Study staff provided standardized containers to participants for collection of all samples. Participants were instructed to collect approximately 2 ounces of each produce sample in a plastic bag. Produce samples were stored in participants' freezers until collected by study staff. Participants were also instructed to collect a 24-hr urine specimen, beginning after the last void of the day. Urine was chilled in coolers or participants' refrigerators during sample collection and transported in coolers by study staff. Total urine volume was measured volumetrically and recorded for each study participant. Urine sample aliquots (5 mL) were removed from the vessels storing the 24-hr urine samples, transferred to Cryovials®, and stored at −20°C at the Imperial County Public Health Laboratory until shipped to CDC on dry ice. Produce samples were shipped to the CDPH FDLB, and water samples were analyzed by the DTSC. Water samples were analyzed to detect perchlorate by using EPA method 6850 (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) with a detection limit of 1 μg/L. Perchlorate was resolved by high-performance liquid chromatography from the sample matrix, ionized by using negative electrospray ionization, and partially fragmented by mass spectrometry (MS). Perchlorate was further fragmented into daughter ions upon collision with an inert gas and detected by tandem MS using mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios 83 (-ClO3), 85(-37ClO3) and 89(-Cl18O3) . Quantitation and identification of perchlorate were performed by comparing the ratios of the primary perchlorate mass transitions to internal standard mass transitions and by using retention times. Upon positive detection, 2 samples were further analyzed to confirm accuracy and precision. Samples were transferred to a clean centrifuge tube and evaporated to dryness under a stream of nitrogen at 70°C. The samples were then resuspended in 1.0 mL of deionized water. Produce was analyzed for perchlorate by using ion chromatography-tandem MS . The produce was chopped with a food processor (Robot Coupe USA, Inc., Jackson, MS, USA) until the matrix was homogeneous. A portion of chopped produce (10 g) was transferred to a 50 mL polypropylene tube, and 100 μL of 3.0 μg/mL (300 ng) labeled internal standard was added. This material was acidified by addition of 20 mL of 1% (vol/vol) sodium hydroxide acetic acid, hand-shaken for 2 minutes and centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 15 minutes. Supernatant (5 mL) was passed through a 500 mg–6 mL SupelcleanTM ENVI-CarbTM cartridge (Sigma-Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI, USA) preconditioned with 6 mL of water by applying vacuum such that the flow rate was approximately 100 μL/second. This extract was filtered through a 0.20 μm PTFE filter and analyzed by ion chromatography-tandem MS using a Waters Quattro microTM API triple-quad mass spectrometer operating in negative ion multiple reaction monitoring mode. The m/z transition from 99 to 83 was primary for quantitating perchlorate, and the m/z transition of 101 to 85 was confirmatory. 18O4-labeled sodium perchlorate (ICON Services, Inc., Summit, NJ, USA) served as internal standard for monitoring the m/z transitions from 107 to 89 and 109 to 91 for quantitation and confirmation, respectively. The limit of quantitation was 1 ng/g. All produce results were reported using the wet weight of the edible portion of produce. Perchlorate and related anions (thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide) were measured in urine by ion chromatography-tandem MS . Analytes were quantified on the basis of the peak area ratio of mass transitions for analyte to stable isotope-labeled internal standard. Method detection limits were 0.05 μg/L, 0.50 μg/L, 10 μg/L, and 500 μg/L, for perchlorate, iodide, thiocyanate, and nitrate, respectively. Analytic accuracy and precision were tested by concurrent analysis of quality control materials in the same analysis batch as the unknown specimen. Reported results met the accuracy and precision specifications of the quality control and quality assurance program of the Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, CDC . All analytes were detected in all samples with the exception of 4 urine samples that did not contain measurable levels of nitrate; nitrate levels in these two samples were assigned an imputed value of half the detection limit for calculating the geometric mean of the distribution. Urinary creatinine concentrations were determined by using an automated colorimetric method on a Roche/Hitachi Modular Analytics SWA system (Roche Diagnostics Corp., IN, USA). Creatinine excretion rate (g/24-hr) was calculated by multiplying measured urinary creatinine concentration by the total volume of 24-hr urine collected. The calculated 24-hr creatinine excretion rate was then compared with expected 24-hr creatinine excretion rate based on the study participant age, sex, height, and weight , , according to a formula in which k = 1.93 for males and 1.64 for females:We computed perchlorate dose in urine by multiplying the perchlorate concentration by the 24-hr urine volume and dividing the product by body weight (μg/kg/day). Total iodine intake was estimated by multiplying urine iodide concentration by 24-hr urine volume. Final perchlorate doses were compared to the U.S. EPA Reference Dose of 0.70 μg/kg/day . We also compared measured perchlorate doses with an “acceptable daily dose” computed based on the current methodology of the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) (C. Steinmaus, personal communication). In its Public Health Goal for Perchlorate, the OEHHA computed the health-protective water concentration for perchlorate as follows:In this formula, BMDL = the lower limit of a one-sided 95% CI of a perchlorate dose that reduces mean thyroidal iodine uptake by 5%; RSC = relative source contribution; BW/WC = the ratio of body weight to tap water consumption rate; and UF = an uncertainty factor of 10 to account for sensitive populations such as pregnant women and infants. Using current OEHHA methodology, we computed an acceptable daily dose (ADD) as follows:Survey questionnaire data were double-entered into Excel speadsheets (Excel version 2003, SP3, Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA) and then imported into SAS for analysis (SAS version 9.1.3., SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA). We calculated geometric means and CIs for perchlorate, nitrate, thiocyanate, and total iodine intake. For each person, perchlorate concentration was summed for all produce sampled. Total number of servings of dairy products (i.e., milk, yogurt, and ice cream) was also summed for each person. We used the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test to compare levels of perchlorate dose by total dairy servings and perchlorate concentration in produce . The perchlorate dose was log-normally distributed, so total servings of dairy and total concentration of perchlorate in produce were regressed on the log-normal perchlorate dose in linear regression models. The age of participants ranged from 18 to 88, with an average of 41.1 years (Table 1). Among participants, 22.6% had no high school education, 12.9% were high school graduates, and 12.9% had at least a college degree. Almost all (97%) participants were Hispanic, except for 1 non-Hispanic white. Eighty-one percent of participants elected to have the interview conducted in Spanish. Sixty-five percent of the participants were female, none of whom reported being pregnant at the time of the interview. Seventy-five percent of the women were of reproductive age (ages 15–49). Only 1 participant reported being a tobacco smoker. Two respondents reported working in agriculture. When asked to identify the primary source of drinking water in the home, 36% of participants reported bottled water, 23% reported tap water, and the remaining respondents reported various sources, such as well water, delivery truck, and grocery store dispensers. Forty-five percent of participants consumed <25% of their water away from home. Total dairy consumption averaged 1.05 servings per person per day, with a range of 0–5 servings. Water and Produce Perchlorate Results Results of water confirmation analyses showed consistency with original, primary sample results. Additionally, method blanks, method standard recoveries, and sample duplicate analyses' results were all within accepted control limits and percentages. Only 2 of 68 water samples had detectable levels of perchlorate (2.4 and 2.5 μg/L perchlorate), both of which were less than half the California regulatory standard of 6 μg/L. Perchlorate levels in the 79 produce samples ranged from nondetectable to 1816 ppb (ng of perchlorate per g of net weight of edible portion) (Table 2). The highest perchlorate levels were detected in nopales (cactus) (maximum of 1398 ppb) and quelites (Mexican greens) (2 samples tested, with levels of 1720 and 1816 ppb, respectively). Many produce categories, such as lettuce, broccoli, grapefruit, tomatoes, watermelon, and corn, had perchlorate levels ≤4 ppb. For 14 samples with perchlorate levels falling below the detection limit, we used an imputed value of half the detection limit. The mean perchlorate level of all produce was 80.8 ppb. Most produce types had too few samples per type to compute a representative average. Among those persons who provided produce (n = 24), the mean perchlorate level in their produce was 266 ppb per person. Produce perchlorate levels were in the range of similar kinds of produce tested by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in nationally representative samples, except for celery and cucumbers, which were higher in our samples, and tomatoes and watermelon, which were lower (Table 2). The 24-hr creatinine output was normally distributed with a mean of 1.33 g/day (SD = 0.494 g/day). The 24-hr creatinine output was compared with the predicted 24-hr creatinine output to evaluate completeness of urine collection. The average ratio of measured-to-predicted 24-hr creatinine was 1.03, indicating good compliance of the study participants for collecting all urine within the defined 24-hr study period. Perchlorate concentrations in urine ranged from1.08 μg/L to 32.2 μg/L, with a geometric mean of 6.44 μg/L (Table 3). The 24-hr perchlorate dose in urine ranged from 0.02 to 0.51 μg/kg of body weight/day. The geometric mean perchlorate dose for study participants was 0.11 μg/kg/day (95% CI, 0.08–0.15). Perchlorate concentrations and doses were higher in the Imperial Valley study participants compared to reference values from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The geometric means for urine levels of thiocyanate and nitrate were 816 and 21,800 μg/g creatinine, respectively, compared to geometric means for the general U. S. population of 1500 and 44,500 μg/g creatinine based on data from NHANES 2001–2002 (Blount, unpublished data). The geometric mean for daily iodine intake was 158 μg/day, which is slightly higher than the Recommended Daily Intake (RDI, 150 μg/day) established by the U.S. FDA . Eighteen participants, including 10 of the 15 women of reproductive age, had daily iodine intakes below 150 μg/day. When stratifying perchlorate dose by total dairy servings, geometric means of perchlorate dose increased with increasing dairy consumption (Figure 2) (nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.24). In a linear regression model on log perchlorate dose, each serving of dairy products was associated with a 24% increase in urine perchlorate levels (p
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不可能一直陪在皇帝身边。陪在他身边的,恰恰是势力庞大的宦官们。李诵的身体状况,使得他非常容易被宦官控制。就算矫个诏,他也没法辩哪。 改革于是迅速失败。不仅如此,宦官们逼迫李诵退位,皇帝已无力抗争。于是,即位不到七个月的李诵传位给儿子李纯(幸好唐宪宗李纯还行,不然唐朝只怕很快要垮)。 第二年,李诵病逝。 7、拓跋弘 拓跋弘文武双全,小小年纪就开始整顿政治、南征北讨。史载其少时就有“济民神武之规”,“勤于为治,赏罚严明,拔清节,黜贪污”,北魏建国以来粗糙的政治终于步入正轨。亲自北讨重创柔然,使其远遁漠北,又讨伐敕勒、压制吐谷浑;南伐刘宋,收徐州、兖州。这么多的成就,竟然是在短短五六年里,由一个不到20岁的毛头小子完成的,委实了不起!他的治理为后来拓跋宏的改革打下了坚实基础。 但是,天妒英才,拓跋弘才18岁按现在来看可能还没成年就退位了,把皇位交给了4岁的儿子拓跋宏!这太令人震惊。有人说这是因为拓跋弘是虔诚的佛教徒,又热爱老庄,所以看破红尘让位了。这种说法掩饰的痕迹太重了,君不见拓跋弘在位时如此活跃,如果他轻视名利,这么折腾干什么?十几岁的小孩就看穿世事了?实际上,拓跋弘的退位是政治斗争的结果。 很无奈,拓跋弘虽然是英才,却搞不定家事。 他的背后有一个狡诈贪权的后妈,拓跋弘刚即位时,冯太后就亲自临朝,可是拓跋弘迅速亲政而且做得很好,冯太后只能郁闷地压制权力欲。矛盾产生了,深化了,爆发了。拓跋弘对这个生活作风不良的后妈很反感,借故杀了她的宠臣,结果冯太后悄然反扑。一方面,估计冯太后的势力也相当雄厚,另一方面,拓跋弘是个善良的孝子,于是决定退位。如果他是个心狠的主,一场宫廷血案,多半也就了结了,然而他却无奈地把希望交给了儿子。可是事情并未结束,拓跋弘的妥协,换来的只是5年后被冯太后毒死,时年23岁,正是年轻人大展鸿图的年纪。 拓跋弘 8、司马绍 晋明帝司马绍(299年-325年10月18日),字道畿,晋元帝司马睿长子,东晋第二位皇帝,322年-325年间在位。 司马绍于322年即位,太宁二年(324年)平定王敦的叛乱,停止对于王敦党羽的追究,为安定皇帝的权威全力重用王导,并且与江东大族保持和谐的态度,成功对“王敦之乱”作出善后,稳定东晋王朝的局势。 司马绍聪慧善断,明于事理。东晋政权初建之时,兵荒马乱,生民涂炭,国力空虚疲弊,权臣王敦等作威作福,东晋政权随时面临着覆灭的危险。司马绍在位期间,凭借弱势之中央,成功做到对权臣的制衡。他还在一定程度上调和南渡侨姓与吴姓士族之间的矛盾,稳定时局,使社会呈现向安定发展的趋势。 自古英雄如美人,不许人间见白头。太宁三年(325年),司马绍病逝,终年二十七岁。若使司马绍再活三十年,前有陶侃、王导,后有桓温、谢安,再后来谢玄、北府军等等都可以大展鸿图。南朝不缺人才,只可惜小人白痴当政,有什么办法? 9、柴荣 这是一个黑暗的年代。武力可以得到一切,要生存就不能让别人生存。士兵们以剑为犁,反复切割着这片破碎的土地。北方政权更迭,再也不能恢复昔日的经济中心地位,连从不分裂的南方也被一堆小国切得七零八落。这就是唐代藩镇割据带来的恶果。 安史之乱,是整个中国历史的转折点。 安史之乱往前推1200年,正是战国时代开启,中国进入封建社会之时;安史之乱往后推1200年,正是共和国建立,进入新时代之时;安史之乱往前推600年,正是东汉崩溃,中国进入大分裂的序幕;安史之乱往后推600年,正是元朝灭亡,现代中国疆域形成的关头。 安史之乱后的1200年,中国历史整体上走着下坡路,越到后来越无法挽回,最终必须经过彻底的打碎重来,才能获得新生了。那么在这1200年之中,有没有过复兴的希望呢?有,那就是五代后周世宗柴荣。 柴荣在位短短5年,打下的基础,就形成了后来一个三百年的王朝——宋。如果没有柴荣,赵匡胤后来即使建立了宋朝,可能也只是和五代一样的一个地方政权而已,中国也许会像东晋南北朝一样乱上几百年。那么,柴荣如果多活几十年,则历史将会如何? 所以说,柴荣是个可以改变历史走向的人。当然,我们并不认为他能解决中国所有的问题,而只需要他创造出一个比较有利的环境,让经济、社会、文化从此可以比较顺利地发展,从中孕育出新型的文明。 柴荣曾说,如果能当三十年皇帝,“十年开拓天下,十年养百姓,十年致太平”。然而时间只过了六分之一,一代伟人憾逝。柴宗训才7岁,就算有经天纬地之才,能奈何得了掌兵权的大将?魏晋以禅让得国,以禅让失国,后周以黄袍加身得国,又以黄袍加身失国。中国人,是很擅长学样的。 10、嬴扶苏 先说明,他没有成为皇帝。 这是一个国家真正的开端,中国历史上第一次真正意义实现了大一统。从夏初的万国,到商初的三千国,又到周初的八百诸侯,上古中国的无数部落,最后终于被大秦凝成了一块。春秋战国五百年血流不止,终于换来了一个“书同文,车同轨”的新时代。这绝对是中国历史上最重要最关键的时刻。 秦是中国史上第一个大一统中央集权的朝代,对后世有着重要的示范作用。然而,秦完成了统一,却没有成为榜样,而是把这个荣誉交给了之后的汉朝。 关键时刻,秦国的路走歪了。 大家知道,一个政权可以马上得天下,用暴力手段建立国家,但随后必须根据形势转变政策,武立文治,国家才能走上平稳的发展轨道。如果继续以暴力治国,国必不堪,更何况是刚刚统一,人心还远没有后世凝聚的秦朝。 始皇帝武功赫赫,诸多政策也贡献巨大,但是,他的思路没有转过来。或许他已经有所觉悟但是时间不够了,所以疯狂地追求长生。嬴政是个改变历史的人,而且事实上,他把历史改变了两次。 秦朝的稳定工作,本该交由嬴扶苏来做。而且历史显示,他很有可能胜任这一使命。是的,嬴扶苏没有成为皇帝,但是他改变历史的可能性太大了。 扶苏,秦始皇长子,是秦朝统治者中具有政治远见的人物。他认为天下未定,百姓未安,反对实行“焚书坑儒”、“重法绳之臣”等政策,因而被秦始皇贬到上郡监蒙恬军。公元前210年,始皇帝开始了最后一次巡游。鬼使神差的是,他的第十八个儿子胡亥提出想跟着出去逛逛,于是始皇帝答应了。后来的事情大家都知道了,始皇病重,赶紧写信叫扶苏回咸阳主持自己的丧事,也就是让扶苏继位秦二世。但是,他还没看到信送出去,就一命呜呼了。 秦始皇死后,赵高等人害怕扶苏即位执政,便伪造诏书,指责扶苏在边疆和蒙恬屯兵期间,“为人不孝”、“士卒多耗,无尺寸之功”、“上书直言诽谤”,逼其自杀...... 扶苏在民间的声望很高,胡亥即位之后,民间不知道扶苏已死,还在说“少子不当立,当立者乃公子扶苏”。后来陈胜吴广喊着“王侯将相宁有种乎”起义,却仍然假称扶苏的名义。须知陈胜吴广可不是秦人,而是秦国的死敌楚人。 之前人们没有大规模地造反,是因为:一、始皇帝的权威震撼力,二、统一后确实带来的便利,三、人们对继承人扶苏的希望。而胡亥将秦国疯狂使用民力的传统运用到了极致,根本不把人当人使了,于是大秦的基业瞬间崩塌。可惜他还没看到这一结果,就被赵高杀了。有人说,赵高是汉朝第一功臣,很有道理。 假如,始皇帝能再撑一撑,等信送出去,中国的历史恐怕都要巨变了。秦国在扶苏手里满满结束军事高压统治,开始转为文治,就很可能逐步稳固下来,消除原七国人之间的矛盾,一个大一统国家就可能延续下来。 秦国与之后的朝代不同,秦国是从西周时期就出现的古国,其风格将与后来半路出家的各朝代大不相同,此后中国也将更难分裂。 秦国是崇法的,虽然扶苏袒护儒家,但儒家思想难以像汉朝那样迅速占据统治地位(虽然是经过篡改的儒家)。中国的法制化可能会因此大大提前,甚至可能在法制环境下仍然保持百家争鸣的文化状态。 如此,项羽将是一个落魄的楚国遗少,刘邦将是一个平凡的小公务员。 如此,我们也许将叫秦族,说秦语,写秦字......韩国的首都将叫秦城...... 最新事件 热门事件 最新话题 热门话题 Copyright © 2015-2018 讲历史 www.jianglishi.cn All Rights Reserved. ICP备案:晋ICP备20006161号-1 Kapatıcılar gerçekten altın değerindedir, o yüzden iyi bir kapatıcıya yatırım yapmalısınız. Mor ve kırmızı halkaları kapatmak için kapatıcının yaptığını başka hiçbir kozmetik ürünü yapamaz. Aslında tek başına bir kapatıcı bile yeterli bazen makyaj için; yüzünüz aydınlanır, koyu lekeler kapanır. Cildiniz taze görünür. Karıştır! Yorgun bir yüzü saklamanın en iyi yollarından biri de kafaları karıştırmak ve ilgiyi başka yere çekmektir! Giyiminize stratejik olarak önemli bir aksesuvar ekleyin; parlak bir eşarp, son moda bir çanta veya çok şık bir ayakkabı. Bunun gibi dikkat çekici bir parça, dikkati yüzünüzden uzak tutacaktır. Kullan! Dev bir çift güneş gözlüğü ile gözlerinizi tamamen gizleyin. Kafein Hepimiz sabahları ayılmak için genelde kahve içeriz. Ama kahvenin başka bir faydası daha var: Yüzü canlandırmak ve koyu halkaları yok etmek! Yeşil veya siyah çay poşetini (içlerinde kafein var), sıcak suya batırıp çıkarın. Soğumaya bırakın. Soğuduktan sonra, 10-15 dakika göz kapaklarınıza koyun. İşte bu kadar! Ayrıca çay poşeti yerine kafein içeren göz kremlerinden/jellerinden yararlanabilirsiniz. Kahkaha Hayatınıza biraz kahkaha katın. Gülümsemek, daha az yorgun gösterir. Ne kadar çok kahkaha, o kadar az yorgunluk! 欣赏过后还是会凋零 欧!没关係,花下留有我的脚印< 雨后的夜裡 大 幸福是懂得原谅的开始~ 感情的开始... 有人会想用承诺去套牢一个人 有一个人在森林中漫游的时候,服了! 淑芬连忙向客人道歉, 过年年菜爷爷想吃醉鸡 之前有在菜市场买过一次摊贩卖的醉鸡 可是是肉鸡做的吃起来没有QQ的感觉他一直跑一直跑一 直跑,最后被老虎逼入了断崖边上。br />还不如跳入悬崖,说不定还有一线生机。> 见其他同事冷漠的脸色,让她好想夺门而出,可是这份工作,他 绝不能轻易放弃....。 特价内容: 博客来 25元 e-coupon 折价卷8组 CTLt96hX CTLUt9nJ CTLCwWpY CTLFiNuE CTLgk6KU ↑这真的是我的自拍照↑ 不好笑吼? 01. 你比较喜欢哪种手绘画风格? ̇繁複、华丽-02 ̇清新、细腻-04 02. 你认为自己留什麽样的髮型会更具风情? ̇垂顺的直髮拢到耳后-05 ̇随意披散的卷髮-03 03. 你认为自己能够在纷杂的人际关係中游刃有馀地周旋吗? ̇可以-04 ̇不可以-05 04. 如果物质与精神只能选其一,你认为你的生活中不能没有的是? ̇物质-06 ̇精神-07 05. 你最希望自己能身著哪个朝代的服饰? ̇唐朝-08 ̇汉朝-06 ̇清朝-09 06. 回到古代,你最希望能与谁相识一场? ̇汉武帝-07 ̇李白-09 07. 你希望自己能够如何终其一生? ̇轰轰烈烈地-08 ̇平平安安地-10 08. 对于爱情,你有著怎样的期许? ̇与相爱之人,泛舟于西湖之上,对酒当歌-09 ̇与相爱之人,共赴黄龙之巅,俯仰天地-10 09. 你更加欣赏哪种景致? ̇苏州园林-11 ̇黄山奇石-12 10. 你很想过一种与现在截然不同的生活? ̇是的-12 ̇不是-11 11. 你比较喜欢哪一种声音? ̇丝竹之音—A ̇鸟鸣之音-B 12. 与用笔写字相比,你更加喜欢打字? ̇是的—C ̇不是-D A. 尊贵的皇族 你的高贵气质是与生俱来的,即使与一屋子的贵族坐在一起,你也丝毫不会显得逊色 。 7-11超夯饮料从4/13 该店位于台中市大墩十街与大圣街口,原来在逢甲大学的嘉佳绿豆汤搬到这裡来了,现在改名为井泉, 虽然店名改了但是老闆还是一样黑黑(有瘦身成功)和老闆娘依旧美美的喔, 他们的绿豆汤和莲子汤还是一样料多又实在。 欢迎旧雨新知多多捧场喔。 炎热的夏天来 那天我弟跑来我房间问了我一些关于社团的问题 (我们都唸同一个学校) 吉乡下长大的淑芬, 某年 一位原住民酋长被邀请去参加公开仪式典礼 于是很隆重穿著传统服装去到现场 因 生平没有这样参加过这样的大型典礼 在台上非常紧张 没注意听大家说些什麽 当主办人请他到前面发表对黄花岗的事发表看法 紧张到不知该如何是好 心裡想说黄花岗是谁 就在东张西望时 刚好看到旁边的 这些大都是我开车时拍的. 因为很美很漂亮所以用手机拍下来. 不过画质不是很好.希望大家会喜欢 。一对神仙伴侣, 之前第一次去买咖啡的器具时,跟老闆说 前言 破败的上古遗址, 藏身在森林深处, 人迹罕至, 几声猿鸣鸟叫 互相呼应, 几块大柱石不规则的分佈数处, 像似天然形成, 又像是特地安置的上古阵法o [德珍... However, in recent years Iceland had been successfulat establishing itself as a premier offshore banking hub. At one point Icelanders wereecstatic and celebrated the fact that their tiny country of about 300,000 people had 3 banks in the worlds largest 300 banks. 2 The Icelandic government was able to enticeforeign investors by setting interest rates very high, which encouraged foreigners toinvest largely in financial assets. The large inflow of foreign capital associated with suchmass foreign investment caused the krona to greatly appreciate. Since the krona wasgreatly overvalued it made all imports in both goods and services very inexpensive for Icelanders; the overvalued krona also made it a lot easier for Icelanders to borrow moneyfrom abroad. 3 The high interest rates, gargantuan capital inflow, and an appreciatedcurrency all aided in creating the economic boom that Iceland enjoyed for many years This economic boom encouraged Icelanders to borrow from abroad and many failed toforese
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akta karşılaştığımız bir müsteşar yardımcısı, bakanlara da hakim olan kaygıyı şöyle yansıtıyor: "Cumhurbaşkanlığı seçimi uğruna ekonomi feda ediliyor. Temmuz'da kararlaştırılan doğalgaz ve elektrik zammı erteleniyor. Tenceredeki buhar artıyor. Bunu IMF de görüyor. KİT zamları kaçınılmaz. Ayrıca, alkollü içkiler ve sigarada yeni ÖTV ayarlaması yolda. Nasılsa 2006 enflasyon hedefi tutmayacak. Hiç olmazsa zorunlu zamları yapmak gerek. Yoksa duvara toslayacağız!" Orantı Terimi Hakkında Bilgiler Fizik Terimi Olarak Orantı: Bir şeyi oluşturan parçaların kendi aralarında ve parçalarla bütün arasında bulunan uygunluk. Matematik-Geometri Terimi Olarak Orantı: İki oranın eşitliğine denir. a,b,c,d gerçek sayıları için a/b = c/d eşitliği bir orantıdır. Yapı-Dekorasyon Terimi Olarak Orantı: Bir bütünün parçaları veya parçalarla bütünün arasında var olan bağıntı. Benzer Fizik Terimleri: Modelleme: Tam anlaşılamamış bir mekanizmanın, bilinen başka mekanizmalara benzetilerek anlaşılmasını sağlayan mantıksal modelin geliştirilmesine modelleme denir Impuls-Momentum Teoremi: Bir parçacık üzerine etkiyen F kuvvetinin impulsu , bu kuvvetin sebep olduğu parçacığın momentumundaki değişime eşittir. Almaç: 1- Elektrik enerjisini başka çeşit enerjiye çeviren cihaz.(Fizik Kitabı) 2- Bir elektrik akımını alıp başka bir kuvvete çeviren cihaz, alıcı, resep Fisyon: Ağır çekirdeklerin nötronla bombardıman sonucu birbirine yakın iki çekirdeğe bölünmesi. Celcius sıcaklığı: Suyun donma ve kaynama noktaları arasının 100 eşit parçaya bölünmesini ifade eden sıcaklık skalası. Sürat: Bir cismin hızının skaler büyüklük olarak ifade edilmesidir. Apsis: Bir noktanın uzaydaki yerini bulmaya yarayan ana çizgilerden yatay olanı. Dalga Genliği: 1. Bir dalganın tepesinden çukuruna kadar olan düşey uzaklığın yarısıdır. 2. Atomik ve alt atomların parçacıklarına Schrödinger denkleminin dalga ç *Link to part 2 is below. Excerpt from "The Toxin Solution" by Dr. Joseph Pizzorno "While lifestyle, diet, and genetics all play a major role in your health, symptoms of declining health and chronic disease often start with toxic overload. Toxic overload may consist of any or all of the following: 1. Industrial toxins, such as heavy metals, pollution, and radiation release by industrial activities. 2. Agricultural toxins, such as pesticides, hormones, and herbicides. 3. Household toxins from building materials, rugs, paint, and cleaning supplies. 4. Toxins in personal care products, including health and beauty aids (HABAs), perfumes and cosmetics. 5. Food toxins, like genetically modified organisms (GMOs), food coloring, artificial flavors and artificial sweeteners. 6. Other consumer- product toxins, such as a flame retardants in children's clothing, toys, and blankets; sealants in cookware and more. While we take many of these types of products and services for granted, the substances they contain (or generate) can harm our bodies in numerous ways. Fortunately, not every toxin is harmful to every bodily organ or system. Toxic effects can be major or minor. General types of toxicity and symptoms: * Respiratory: Affecting the nose, throat and lungs. Common symptoms include irritation, coughing, choking and tight chest. * Gastrointestinal: Affecting the stomach and intestines. Common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. * Renal: Affection the kidneys. Common symptoms include back pain, urinating more or less than usual. * Neurological: Affecting the brain and spinal cord. Common symptoms include headache, dizziness, confusion, depression, coma, convulsions and memory loss. * Hematological: Affecting the blood. Common symptoms include anemia, tiredness, weakness, frequent infections. * Dermatological: Affecting the skin and eyes. Common Symptoms include rashes, itching, redness, swelling. * Reproductive: Affecting ovaries, testes and fetus. Common symptoms include infertility, miscarriage, menstrual cycle disruption. How Toxins Cause Disease: 1) Toxin poison enzymes so they don't work properly. Our bodies are enzyme engines. Every physiological function depends on enzymes to manufacture molecules, produce energy, and create cell structures. Toxins damage enzymes and thus undermine countless bodily functions-- inhibiting the production if hemoglobin in the blood, for example, or lowering the body's capacity to precent the free-radical damage that accelerates aging. 2) Toxins displace structural minerals, resulting in weaker bones. People need to maintain healthy bone mass for lifelong mobility. When toxins displace the calcium present in bone, there is a twofold effect: weaker skeletal structures and increased toxins, released by bone loss, which circulate throughout the body. 3) Toxins damage nearly all the organs and systems. The Toxin Solution will focus specifically on the detox organs. If your digestive tract, liver and kidneys are so toxic they are unable to detox effectively, your detoxification will backfire, and your body will remain toxic. 4) Toxins damage DNA, which increases the rate of aging and degeneration. Many commonly used pesticides, phthalates, improperly detoxified estrogens, and products containing benzene damage DNA. 5) Toxins modify gene expression. Our genes switch off and on to adapt to changes in our bodies and the outer environment. But many toxins activate or suppress our genes in undesirable ways. The results are not only individual health problems but also effects that span generations. 6) Toxins damage cell membranes so they don't respond properly. "Signaling" in the body happens in the cell membranes. Damage to these membranes prevents them from getting important messages - insulin not signaling the cells to absorb more sugar, for example, or muscle cells not responding to the message from magnesium to relax. 7) Toxins interfere with hormones and cause imbalances. Toxins induce, inhibit, mimic, and block hormones. One example" Arsenic disrupts thyroid hormone receptors on the cells, so the cells don't get the message from the thyroid hormones that cause them to rev up metabolism. The result is inexplicable fatigue. 8) Last but not least, toxins actually impair your ability to detoxify... and this is the worst problem of all. The half-life measures how long it takes for 50% of a substance to be cleared from the body. Arsenic: 2-4 Days (CDC) Benzine: 0.5- 1 day Bromide: 12 days Cadmium: 16 years Chlordane: 3-4 days DDT: 6-10 years Dieldrin: 2-12 months Formaldayde: 80-90 min in ambient air Lead: 1-1.5 months (2-30 years in bone) Mercury: 2 months (CDC) PCBs: 2-30 years Toluene: 0.5 - 3 days Toxic Troubleshooter: Have you been exposed to toxins? 1) Do you regularly eat processed foods? 2) Do you regularly eat conventionally raised produce, meat, and dairy? 3) Do you eat farm-raised fish? 4) Do you eat large (i.e., mercury-contaminated) fish? 5) Do you consume high fructose corn syrup? 6) Do you use more than two health and beauty products per day? 7) Do you live in a house that contains lead pipes or copper plumbing soldered with lead (built prior to 1978)? 8) Are your home, home furnishings, or home finishes (like paint and sealants) new and outgassing chemicals? 9) Do you or your family come into contact with flame resistant clothing or furnishings sprayed with products to prevent stains? 10) Do you live in a house or work in a building that has mold? 11) Do you have mercury amalgam fillings? How many? 12) Are there mercury- emitting coal-using plants or cement manufacturing plants in your region? 13) Are there fracking wells and/or pipelines in your region? Does it have a poor safety record? 14) Is there a nuclear power plant in your region? Does it have a poor safety record? 15) Are the water and air in your region polluted? 16) If you currently have symptoms, when did they first start? 17) What happened to you in the months prior? 18) When did you last feel well? 19) What makes you feel better? 20) What makes you feel worse? 21) What about medication? Did your symptoms begin shortly after you started taking a new medication? The Toxin Solution: http://thetoxinsolution.com/ PART 2: Detoxing Safely No matter the size or scope of a project, or the type of company for which you work, a management strategy is essential to ensure effective development and fulfill project deliverables. Development methodologies can play a strategic role at all levels in technology—from management to programming to customer satisfaction. Unlike traditional project management paradigms, approaches such as Agile Development, Extreme Programming and Scrum are cognizant of the unique needs of software developers. While the late 1990’s saw a wave of methodologies combining old and new ideas, most of these centered around the same core principles—things like face-to-face communication, close collaboration between programmers and business experts, and self-organizing teams. But in February of 2001, at a pivotal meeting between 17 independent software developers in the mountains of Utah,1, 2 this all began to change. The developers gathered to talk shop and, despite plenty of disagreement, the result was the Manifesto for Agile Software Development. Agile methodology was created to improve customer satisfaction by implementing client requirements rapidly through continuous delivery of updated software.3 This allows customers to evaluate releases more often and software developers to then implement customer changes, conduct testing, and honor last-minute requests. Though this method succeeds in soliciting continuous feedback, it can lack focus in project management and quality assurance. It’s best suited for small- to medium-sized web and mobile projects.4 By no means a fit for all companies, Agile software development has become quite popular and encompasses many approaches such as Extreme Programming (XP) and Scrum, which were introduced before the term Agile existed. In 1996 XP was developed to deliver optimum customer satisfaction in the least amount of time possible.5 A key component of XP is encouragement to write tests before the program. XP is most helpful when used to complete smaller projects because in this model developers deliver software as it is needed, even if late in a project’s lifecycle. Though XP emphasizes teamwork, it is recommended for smaller teams whose projects are for less demanding clients. Scrum was created in 19936 and remains popular among developers and managers today since it takes into consideration that customers might change their minds throughout the lifecycle of a project. This lightweight process framework is used for complex software and product development, as it accommodates changing project directions—adjustments are based on completed work rather than on speculation. Scrum involves a product owner, team members, and a scrum master, who is tasked with completion of sprints, which are weeklong or multi-week segments of a project.6 Moving away from Agile, Kanban eschews the planning and maintenance of a large backlog of development tasks and sees iterations as an arbitrary nuisance. Derived from the Toyota Production System in the 1940’s, Kanban focuses on scheduling without iterating or multitasking, instead prioritizing work that’s actively in progress.7 After a work item is completed the team plucks the next work item off the top of the backlog. This type of method optimizes cycle time and puts the responsibility in the hands of every team member. Regardless of which methodology a company subscribes to, each of these is an essential part of a complete software development technology management toolset. To decide which one to use for a specific company or project, consider factors such as whether the business will be involved in the entire development cycle, the size of a development team and how many developers are to be hired, whether team members are working at one central location, and the desired outcomes and deliverables. Instead of being black or white, managers may also want to look at all the methodologies and see which aspects of each best fit a particular project. If you are interested in leading a technology department and learning more about these methodologies, you should consider exploring Georgetown University’s Online Master’s in Technology Management program. The unique program integrates executive-level technology practices with business principles to help empower future CIOs to select and implement proven development strategies. 1. “February 2001 meeting.” Agile Alliance. Accessed July 16, 2015. http://www.agilealliance.org/the-alliance/the-agile-manifesto/. 2. “Mountains of Utah.” Agile Manifesto. Last modified 2001. Accessed July 16, 2015. http://agilemanifesto.org/history.html. 3. “Customer satisfaction.” Agile Manifesto. Last modified 2001. Accessed July 16, 2015. http://agilemanifesto.org/principles.html. 4. “Best suited.” Adopting Agile. Last modified April 1, 2015. Accessed July 18, 2015. http://www.veracode.com/blog/2015/03/companies-worldwide-are-adopting-agile-development-techniques-sw. 5. Das, Vinu V. and Thankachan, Nessy. Computational Intelligence and Information Technology.London New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. Accessed July 16, 2015. https://books.google.com/books?id=BcEPBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA688&lpg=PA688&dq=extreme+programming+March+6,+1996&source=bl&ots= 6. “Scrum.” Scrum Alliance. Accessed July 18, 2015. https://www.scrumalliance.org/why-scrum. 7. Levinson, Mark. “Kanban as Alternative Agile Implementation,” InfoQ News, October 23, 2008. Accessed July 16, 2015. http://www.infoq.com/news/2008/10/kanban_agile Agricultural R&D’s Role in the Future of Sustainability We can’t achieve sustainable development without it In 2019, two landmark reports were published in response to coffee’s latest price crisis, concluding that economic viability is the catalyst for the sustainability of the entire coffee sector (1). While coffee agricultural R&D cannot alone solve coffee’s sustainability crisis, it has for far too long been overlooked as an essential upstream activity enabling sustainable agricultural development. Agricultural research is a primary driver of improved productivity and profitability, climate resilience and adaptation, and soil health and conservation among other critical factors. It helps us identify which approaches to coffee farming produce the largest benefit for the least cost (in terms of financial, human, and natural resources). That knowledge is essential for transforming coffee agriculture in ways that deliver inclusive growth to countries and drive positive change to meet the the United Nations’ Sustainable Developement Goals. The knowledge, technologies, resources, and efficiencies generated by agricultural R&D flow down through the entire value stream. WCR's research agenda: - Is focused on breeding and agronomy, the most efficient drivers of improved agricultural productivity - Is aligned to focus not only on improving production efficiency, but especially on improving profitability and quality - Contributes to global understanding of which varieties and practices are most suitable and profitable in agroforestry environments and for protecting soil health, and contribute to resilience in the face of climate change - Is collaboratively executed with key organizations that transfer innovations directly to farmers, including national coffee institutes, coffee exporting companies, and extension organizations Read more about WCR's work in our 2019 Annual Report here. (1) "Coffee Development Report,” ICO, 2019; and “Ensuring Economic Viability and Sustainability of Coffee Production,” Colombia Center on Sustainable Development, 2019. انسانهای اولیه را میتوان در قفقاز جنوبی، بهویژه در گرجستان، خیلی پیش از دوره پارینهسنگی ردیابی کرد. جمجمه انسان گرجی که یک میلیون و 800 هزار سال پیش زندگی میکرده
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Jersey shore who have lost everything, they will need our help and support so they’ll have the strength and wherewithal to start over and build new lives. We’ll mourn the dead, celebrate the living and move on. But probably the most important thing about this Superstorm Sandy is what we can learn from her, not only from a meteorological standpoint, but also from a preparedness perspective. The forecasters provided the information the east coast needed to preserve life with evacuations and preparations for flooding and power outages. What else could have been done to prepare? Well, first, there was that construction crane on West 57th Street in Manhattan.... 洗碗,碗,勺子,杯子清洗。 这是一个好游戏,幼儿和小孩试图了解他们的母亲的厨房工作。 由于触摸和播放只需要一个手指连小孩子可以玩的游戏。可作为孩子们的游戏。 你。这些可爱的快乐的菜,他们不想脏了。 擦屏幕用手指擦拭餐具。这是可爱的简单的为大家的乐趣,并把日常琐事变成喜悦。 提升了稳定性。 All’inizio della loro carriera, i Level 42 erano esattamente una band fusion jazz-funk, contemporanei di altri gruppi funk britannici come Atmosfear, Light of the World, Incognito e Beggar & Co. Alla fine degli anni ’80, tuttavia, la cui musica era immediatamente riconoscibile dalla tecnica del basso a schiaffo del pollice di Mark King e dagli svolazzi del sintetizzatore del membro associato Wally Badarou – era passata al punto in cui erano spesso classificati come sophisti-pop e dance-rock, ugualmente probabilmente da collocare nel contesto di Sade and the Style Council, così come qualsiasi gruppo che ha creato un pop/rock raffinato, ottimista e ballabile. Il picco commerciale della band è arrivato con World Machine del 1985, ma hanno continuato a registrare e fare tournée sporadicamente negli anni ’90 e 2000. The Early Tapes Con Mark King (basso, voce), Phil Gould (batteria), Boon Gould (chitarra) e Mike Lindup (tastiere), la band si è formata nel 1979. Prima di pubblicare il loro primo singolo, “Love Meeting Love”, la band è stata spinta ad aggiungere la voce alla loro musica per darle un suono più commerciale; hanno rispettato, con King che è diventato il cantante. Pubblicato nel 1981, il loro album di debutto omonimo era un’elegante raccolta soul-R&B che si è classificata nella Top 20 del Regno Unito, con l’uscita di The Early Tapes. I livel 42 ha avuto diversi singoli di minore successo prima che “The Sun Goes Down (Living It Up)” del 1984 raggiungesse la Top Ten britannica. alla fine del 1985, World Machine ha rotto la band in tutto il mondo; “Lessons in Love” ha raggiunto il numero uno in Gran Bretagna e “Something About You” ha raggiunto il numero sette in America. I loro prossimi due record, Running in the Family (1987) e Staring at the Sun (1988), furono un grande successo nel Regno Unito, ma fecero pochi progressi negli Stati Uniti. Entrambi i fratelli Gould lasciarono la band alla fine del 1987; sono stati sostituiti dal chitarrista Alan Murphy e dal batterista Gary Husband. Murphy è morto di una malattia correlata all’AIDS nel 1989; è stato sostituito dal famoso chitarrista fusion Alan Holdsworth per Guaranteed del 1991. La band ha seguito Guaranteed nel 1995 con Forever Now. Alan Murphy Retroglide Per il resto degli anni ’90 e 2000, la formazione della band ha oscillato, con King la costante solitaria e suo fratello, il chitarrista Nathan King, a bordo dal 2001. Level 42 ha pubblicato un album in studio, Retroglide, nel 2006. Quattro anni dopo, la band ha celebrato il suo 30° anniversario con un tour speciale, oltre a un cofanetto, Living It Up, che includeva un disco di nuove versioni acustiche registrate da Mark King e Lindup. Il 2010 ha visto anche Husband lasciare la band ancora una volta, sostituito da Pete Ray Biggin. Il gruppo ha continuato a fare tournée negli anni successivi prima di pubblicare nuovo materiale nel 2013, sotto forma di EP Sirens. Supportando l’uscita con un lungo tour nel Regno Unito e in Europa, il gruppo ha anche registrato l’uscita dal vivo The Sirens Tour, alla loro tappa a Londra nel 2015. به گزارش همنوا به نقل از آناج، کلامی معاون هماهنگی امور اقتصادی استانداری آذربایجان شرقی در مراسم افتتاح مرکز نوآوری و کارآفرینی ماشین سازی شهرک غرب تبریز را با وجود صنایع مادری همچون ماشین سازی منطقهای استراتژیک نامید و گفت: صنایع مادر موجود در این شهرک به واسطه تامین نیازهای کشور برای استان حائز اهمیت است بنابراین با نگاه ویژه به این بخش میتوان استان را از نظر اقتصادی، تولیدی و اشتغال بیش از پیش به سمت جلو پیش برد. کلامی به نقش موثر شرکتهای دانش بنیان در افزایش قابلیتهای صنعتی موجود و تولیدات صنعتی با تکنولوژی بالا هم اشاره کرد و افزود: آنچه امروز ماشین سازی تبریز را به سوی تولید باکیفیت و مشتری مدار سوق میدهد ارتقای تکنولوژی و ارتقای کیفیت محصولات تولیدی آن است همچنان که رئیس جمهور هم در سفر اخیر خود به آذربایجان شرقی به اهمیت ماشین سازی تبریز در رونق صنعت و اشتغال استان تاکید داشت و با خروج آن از فهرست فروش اموال دولتی اولویت دولت سیزدهم را تقویت صنایع مادری همچون ماشین سازی بیان کرد. در این مراسم قراردادی هم میان ماشین سازی تبریز و پارک علم و فناوری آذربایجان شرقی به امضا رسید. Characters And Themes In The Pearl Many books are written in order to tell a story. However, few books are written which cause the reader to look at issues that are deeper than the plot. An author’s ability to engage the reader in a novel is usually what creates classic literature. John Steinbeck is known as one of those authors and his novel, The Pearl, is noted as a classic. The Pearl is a novel in which a poor pearl diver named Kino finds a pearl the size of one that has never been imagined. His experiences with his riches are the main scheme. Characters and themes are plentiful in The Pearl and are widely discussed among critics. For that reason, this paper will compare, contrast, and assess the criticisms on the characters and themes in The Pearl. In The Pearl, the characters are discussed among critics in a similar opinion. The characters in The Pearl are produced to portray “universal types”? of people (Shuman 1896). This means that Steinbeck made the characters to have characteristics of people in reality. Millichap states “Steinbeck’s characters in The Pearl are real people in a real world”? Also, Millichap describes them as an representative family, with the same aspirations as an ordinary family (2527). Furthermore, Riley sees Kino as having a “talismanic relationship,”? created to be an average man, against evil. Kino goes through the stages as many people do in real life, “man attaching”? himself to an object to satisfy a need, “man infusing his spirit into his possession, and man as the talisman”? for seeing his own relationship as a whole (407). Thus, these critics have similar opinions about the characters in The Pearl in that they are made to represent real people. The Pearl contains evidence that best supports Shuman and Millichap’s criticisms on the characters in the novel. More specifically, their observations on the fact that Steinbeck created the characters to represent people of the real world. Characters in the novel have the same wants, needs, and downfalls as people in reality. For example, Kino, a poor pearl diver, wants nothing more than to send his son Coyotito to school. One of his first reactions after finding the pearl that would make him a rich man is imagining his son at school. “He saw Coyotito sitting at a little desk in a school” Coyotito was writing on a big piece of paper”? (25). Like many people today, one of the most important things to Kino is giving his child an education. Often times one hears of a story where a family from the ghetto becomes rich. Then with their newfound wealth give their children the education that they once could not afford. That is one way Steinbeck allowed his characters to represent universal types. Another example of the characters representation of real people can be seen through Kino’s experience with newfound wealth. Kino and his family live a simple life until one day Kino finds a pearl that is priceless. Instead of happiness, Kino is surrounded by corruptness. Everywhere Kino turns someone is trying to profit from the pearl. When Kino went in to the pearl dealers’ office he expected then to offer a handsome sum for his pearl. Instead, the dealers arranged their speeches before Kino arrived. “This is not a pearl-it is a monstrosity” better pearls are made of paste”? (51). This shows that the characters have the same troubles as anyone else. Money is a known source of evil that Kino deals with like many people in actuality. Another example of the character’s universal traits can be looked at through Juana. Juana is Kino’s wife and mother to Coyotito. A typical Indian woman, Juana’s main duties are to aid Kino and care for Coyotito. This can be seen after a poisonous scorpion stings Coyotito. “She found the puncture with redness”she put her lips down over the puncture and sucked hard”? (6). With this in mind, one can see that Juana is like most mothers. Warm, loving, and doing whatever possible to keep her young safe. Juana was not created as an exceptional woman nor was she created as an awful mother. She was created to represent those characteristics that are in every woman, as a universal type. Consequently, Shuman and Millichap are accurate in their criticisms on the characters in The Pearl. The novel also contains many themes that are discussed among critics with contrasting opinions on which is the main theme. According to Millichap, the main theme in The Pearl is the evil that is produced through wealth. Kino “thought the pearl a key to easy living”? However, the critic goes on to state how Kino’s life turned for the worst due to his riches (2527). An electronic critic believes the main theme of the novel is “difference in social status. ” More specifically “the oppression of the Indians”? (Gunn). Conversely, Shuman sees the main theme as dreams. In particular, the human dream. Additionally, Shuman states that the message about the human dream is that a person’s dignity is derived from effort and not material possessions (1896). Hence, the main theme of The Pearl is an argumentative subject among critics. Gunn’s opinion on the main theme of The Pearl is best supported by the events in the novel. Indeed, social difference is the main theme of the novel and through the oppression of the Indians this can be made clear. One example is the experience that Kino and his family have with a Spanish doctor from the city. Kino’s son Coyotito is lying in his crib when Kino spots a scorpion dangling above the child’s head on the mobile. Before Kino could seize the poisonous insect it falls into the crib and plunges its tail into the shoulder of the infant. Knowing very well that a doctor would not come to an impecunious family’s home, Juana and Kino take the baby to the home of the doctor. As they approach the gate the doctor who is informed of the situation stops them. He answers, “Have I nothing better to do than cure insect bites for ” little Indians’? I am a doctor, not a veterinary”? (11). Clearly, the doctor does not treat the baby due to his racial background. His sarcastic remark about being a veterinarian ultimately signifies that these people are animals in his eyes. Also, the fact that the doctor noticed that Kino was Indian before he asked how they would pay shows the stereotype that the rich had about Indians. This stereotype being Indians are always poor people. Another example of the oppression of Indians can be seen through the trackers. The trackers are the men sent out to steal the pearl from Kino. Ever since Kino finds the pearl, people are out to get it. Murder is an option to these trackers if it means attaining the pearl. Ironically, two of the three trackers are Indians like Kino while the leader is a Spaniard. Sensing that the trackers are after him, Kino kills the three men, but Kino’s son Coyotito is killed during the battle. “”Kino had become as cold and deadly as steel” he raised the gun and aimed deliberately and fired”? 87). This shows the oppression of the Indians when the Spanish turn Kino’s own race against him. Even though two trackers are of Indian heritage, they still go after Kino because of the influence of the rich. Influence of this nature causes further oppression when Indians must resort to killing each other in order to survive. Another example is when the priest comes to visit with Kino and Juana once the word of the pearl spreads around town. The priest tries to benefit from the finding of the pearl by causing Kino to make donations. I hope thou wilt remember to give thanks, my son, to Him who has given thee this treasure”? (28). While the priest says this Kino had the song of evil in his mind, which denotes that something awful is around him. This shows that the Catholic Church saw Indians as inferior. Just like all the Spanish people, the Catholic Church is used to oppress the Indians. Oppression of Kino who is trying to break free of his social order is evident in this event. Thus, Gunn’s criticism on the theme in The Pearl can be proven by events in the novel. In conclusion, the characters and themes in The Pearl are major literary elements that Steinbeck has used in making the story so loved by many. Kino and Juana can be looked at as authentic people with the same traits as people in reality. Their actions can be used to understand one’s own experiences in life. Also, the themes in the novel explain many aspects of life. The social status, which is still present today, can be seen through a historical portrayal with the oppression of the Indians in the novel. These aspects give The Pearl the ability to allow each reader to read his own life into the story. Gunn, Drewey Wayne. “Pearl, The. ” Masterplots Complete on CD-ROM. CD ROM. Salem Press, 1996. Millichap, Joseph R. “John Steinbeck. ” Critical Survey of Long Fiction. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Englewood Cliffs: Salem Press, 1983. Riley, Carolyn, and Phyllis, Carmel Mendelson, eds. “Steinbeck, John. ” Contemporary Literary Criticism. Volume 5. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1976. Shuman, R. Baird. “Steinbeck, John. ” Magill’s Survey of American Literature. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Vol 6. New York: Salem Press, 1991. Steinbeck, John. The Pearl. New York: Penguin Book USA, Inc., 1992. Katherine Heigl ci riprova con Our House, Andy Garcia nel pilota di The Kenan Show La prima raggiunge Malcolm Barrett, il secondo affianca Kenan Thompson. La veloce cancellazione de L'arte del dubbio l'ha portata nell'ultimo anno in Suits, ora Katherine Heigl torna a CBS per interpretare il ruolo femminile principale nell'episodio pilota di Our House. La comedy di Brendan O'Brien si concentra su una madre, Bridget (Heigl), che insieme con il marito Shawn (Malcolm Barrett, Timeless) riversa nella crescita dei figli tutto l'amore e il supporto che lei non ha ricevuto da bambina. Le cose però si complicano quando i folli genitori e fratelli di Bridget tornano ad avere un posto nella foto
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尼黑的相同,杀死了曼联的巴斯比宝贝——咆哮着陆。他高兴的大量方便的安迪组织推在他的耳朵。自从第一个上午,几乎一个星期前,他获得了一些灵巧的操作和一双合适的泡沫耳塞。请注意,他有时间练习。警察伏击团队工作了两个早晨,等待抢劫发生。 但这涉及到机场。”查理让完整的杠铃的重量下降到喉咙,拿着它有一秒钟而德里克努力推开它。脸上的cold-sick色彩黑暗的氧气供应锐减。他咳嗽当查理终于解除了钢远离他受伤的肉。好吧,这很难说是微笑服务。“你不是赛车吗?”耸耸肩。“买不起,伴侣。” 现在弯曲手臂,推动起来。继续,像这样。让我们做十个。“我想让你花一点时间想想你在做什么。我用了一辈子的武器;你最多只能说一天。你不可能打败我。”“Josh毫无预警地发起了对魔术师的猛烈攻击。 Scientists recently proved that the new trial drug for Alzheimer’s disease could reduce memory decline and remove the sticky plaques from the brain which generate dementia. The experimental drug was given to patients once a month for a year. Researchers said that the infusions of the medicine liberated the brain of the deposits, which specialists consider play a significant role in blocking information among nerve cells and clogging cellular processes. Despite the fact that most maturing brains carry some plaques, the brains of Alzheimer’s sufferers tend to have much more. This well-known form of dementia, has no remedy, although some medications are available to ease symptoms. However, there are no treatments that could delay the progression or invert the illness. The company Biogen which is based in Massachusetts has developed aducanumab, the experimental drug and organized the research to test its safety in humans. It was not intended to examine cerebral advantages for patients. The study divided 165 participants into groups and approached them with monthly intravenous infusions of either a placebo or aducanumab over 54 weeks. The situation of some patients who received the drug confirmed less deterioration than patients taking a placebo. Four groups of patients took the medication in four divided doses. The aducanumab treatment was proved to lessen brain plaques based on both dose and duration. All groups manifested a major decrease in plaques over time, but the highest-dose group displayed the largest reduction of all. The director of Banner Alzheimer’s Institute in Phoenix, Eric M. Reiman said that the study could not prove that this is a valid treatment for Alzheimer’s disease because it was conducted on too few patients. He continued by saying that many other Alzheimer’s medications have seemed promising at first but ended in failure. According to the specialists, animal studies of the medication managed before the human trial proved that the drug is able of removing plaques from the brains of mice and crossing the blood-brain boundary. All 125 patients finished the treatment. However, 40 of them withdrew because of the side effects that included fluid increasing up in the brain as a consequence of the elimination of plaques. In some cases, this led to brain bleeds. However, larger trials that involve the drug for Alzheimer’s patients are under development and intended to run till at least 2020. Image source: Pixabay Ear wax is a natural bodily secretion which, if it builds up, can cause problems with hearing, ear ache, tinnitus and dizziness. In most cases it removes itself, but in others it may have to be removed by a trained ENT health professional. There are a number of causes for ear wax build-up: There are a range of symptoms which might improve when the ear wax is removed. These include ear ache, hearing loss, tinnitus, itchiness, dizziness and/or ear infections. If you think you have a build-up of ear wax, do not try to remove it with your finger, cotton bud or anything else you could put in your ear – this can cause damage and push the wax further into your ear. As a general rule, never try to put anything into your ear which is smaller than your elbow! Where ear wax is causing you minor symptoms, speak to your pharmacist about ear drops which soften the wax and help it to drop out naturally. Do not use drops if you have a perforated ear drum, and stop using them if they cause irritation. Here is when to seek treatment: If ear drops or ear irrigation do not work, other options include: Microsuction, which is a quick and comparatively painless treatment involving a small device which sucks out the wax from your ear. This is usually a safe option even if you have a damaged ear drum. An aural toilet uses a thin instrument with a hoop at one end to clean your ear and remove the wax. Depending on the severity of the ear wax build up, a matter of minutes. Ear wax removal is carried out as a day case procedure, so there is no need to stay in hospital overnight. With the ear wax removed, any symptoms caused by the wax disappear quickly. If you are prone to ear wax build-up your doctor may recommend using ear drops to keep the wax soft and help it remove itself, but this advice will only be given if drops are right for you. A pre-treatment assessment should reveal any perforation or tears to the ear drum, which would rule out some treatments. If the assessment does not show up a perforation or tear and you know you have had one, you should let the nurse or doctor know – carrying out some treatments where there is a damaged ear drum can cause problems. Some treatments may cause discomfort or symptom recurrence in people who have conditions of the inner ear such as Menières disease. Again, it is important to let the nurse or doctor know if you have such a condition before treatment begins. A pre-operative assessment is our opportunity to ensure that the procedure for which you have been referred is right for you. We’ll explain your treatment to you and makes sure that you are well enough to go ahead with it. It is also your opportunity to meet the team who will care for you and to ask any questions. We carry out all the necessary tests and examinations in one outpatient session. While this may take several hours, everything is done in one go to save frequent visits before surgery. Where ear wax removal is not available on the NHS, or where the number of NHS procedures available has been reduced and has resulted in a longer waiting time, you can choose to pay for your treatment yourself via our self-pay option. Self-pay is available if you find you are not eligible for NHS-funded care and do not have private medical insurance. You will need an open referral letter from your GP or audiologist (we can help you with this). Because we don’t include all of the costly extras you may associate with private hospital treatment, paying for yourself could cost you considerably less than you might imagine too. There are also financing options available, to help you spread the cost. What is Kinesiology? Did you know that your body has its own innate wisdom and healing ability? Tapping into that wisdom is one of the aims of kinesiology. The root of the word kinesiology is from the Greek word kinesis, which relates to movement of the human body – without movement, there is stagnation. Kinesiology combines the principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine with the technique of muscle testing, or muscle monitoring. When a kinesiologist tests muscles, he or she can get a picture of what is happening in your meridian system and how it is affecting you. Energy needs to constantly flow through the meridians to give you a sense of vitality. At the same time, muscle monitoring may also indicate how the meridians were affected in the first place – what caused the energy to stagnate – and show the best way to deal with whatever the cause is, whether it is emotional, physical, mental environmental or nutritional. How Muscle Testing Works Muscle testing is the main tool in the kinesiologist’s toolbox. The therapist will take one of your limbs – an arm or a leg for example – and bend it so that one of the muscles is contracted, then will apply pressure to the muscle. You are asked to resist the pressure being applied. The muscle will then either unlock, or stay contracted. Whatever the response, the kinesiologist determines what the underlying problem is and how to address it. Muscle testing gives a kinesiologist instant access to information held by the body and the subconscious. Usually inaccessible, the subconscious holds information about your physical, emotional, mental and energetic state. What Happens in a Consultation? In a kinesiology consultation, the therapist will take details of your medical history and your lifestyle – things like whether you smoke, exercise, what foods you eat and so on. Usually lying down but sometimes seated, the therapist will then start testing your muscles. You remain fully clothed throughout the session. After the testing the muscles and based on feedback the kinesiologist receives, you and the kinesiologist come up with a plan about how to address the imbalances found. This could include looking at your diet and nutrition, stress releasing techniques, acupressure, structural realignment, massage, or lifestyle changes. It is gentle but can be very powerful in restoring or maintaining health, wellbeing and that all-important sense of balance. All discovered using your body’s own innate intelligence. Read more: http://www.naturaltherapypages.com.au/article/what_is_kinesiology#ixzz30pV8xJUa کالاسودا- ایسر، یک شرکت سخت افزاری و الکترونیکی چند ملیتی تایوانی است که به طور ویژه روی تکنولوژی پیشرفته الکترونیک کار می کند و در شهر نیو تایپه تایوان واقع شده است. محصولات ایسر عبارتند از رایانه های رومیزی، لپ تاپ ها، تبلت ها، سرور ها، دستگاه های ذخیره سازی، دستگاه های واقعیت مجازی، نمایشگر ها، گوشی های هوشمند و لوازم جانبی. ایسر همچنین تحت نام تجاری پیشین خود، رایانه های شخصی و لوازم جانبی نیز به فروش می رساند. در اوایل سال 2000، ایسر یک مدل کسب و کاری جدیدی را اجرا کرد و طی آن از یک سازنده به طراح، بازاریاب و توزیع کننده محصولات تبدیل شد؛ در حالی که از فرایندهای تولید از طریق تولیدکنندگان قراردادی استفاده می کرد. در سال 2015، ایسر ششمین فروشنده بزرگ رایانه های شخصی در جهان شد. در حال حاضر ایسر علاوه بر کسب و کار مرکزی مرتبط با فناوری ، دارای یک نهاد کسب و کاری جدید است که با ادغام پلتفرم و سرویس های ابر و توسعه گوشی های هوشمند و دستگاه های پوشیدنی با اپلیکیشن های اینترنت اشیا به دنبال ایجاد ارزش است. برخی شرکت های فناوری بزرگ اروپا مانند Gateway، پاکارد بل و eMachines از مشتریان دائم ایسر بوده و برخی قطعات خود را از تجهیزاتی با مارک ایسر تأمین می کنند. ذکر این نکته لازم است که رقبای شرکت در مارکت های جهانی شرکت های بزرگ فناوری مانند دل وHP و NEC و توشیبا هستند. آشنایی با تاریخچه ایسر شرکت ایسر توسط استان شیه (Stan Shih) و همسرش و گروهی از پنج نفر دیگر به عنوان Multitech در سال 1976 تاسیس شد که آن زمان در شهر Hsinchu تایوان مستقر بود. فلسفه پشت نام این شرکت این در حقیقت یک کلمه لاتین بود که معنای آن به معنی تیز و آسان بود. این شرکت با 11 کارمند و 25000 دلار در پایتخت کار خود را آغاز کرد. در ابتدا، عمدتا توزیع کننده قطعات الکترونیکی و یک شرکت مشاوره ای در استفاده از فناوری های ریزپردازنده بود. این شرکت کیت های آموزشی Micro-Professor MPF-I را تولید می کرد، سپس دو نرم افزار شبیه سازی برای اپل طراحی کرد پیش از ادغام با بازار سازگار با IBM، Microprofessor IIرا تولید کرد و تبدیل شدن به یک تولید کننده برجسته در زمینه کامپیوتر شد. این شرکت در سال 1987 به نام ایسر نامگذاری شد که همانطور که پیش تر گفته شد به معنای تیز و آسان است. ایسر اولین کامپیوتر خود را در سال 1981 با نام Microprocessor به عنوان یک کامپیوتر اموزشی تولید و ارائه کرد ؛ با اینکه این اولین کامپیوتر تولید شده از سوی شرکت ایسر بود اما خوش نامی و با کیفیت بودن سایر محصولاتش موجب گردید کامپیوتر میکروپروسسور نیز با استقبال گرمی از سوی کاربران مواجه شود و فروش فوق العاده ای داشته باشد. همچنین این شرکت در سال 1983 شروع به تولید قطعات کامپیوتری کرد و در این سال به یکی از سه شرکت تولیدکننده محصولات الکترونیکی تبدیل شد. در سال 1998، ایسر به پنج گروه تقسیم شد: گروه سرویس بین المللی ایسر، گروه خدماتی ایسر Sertek ، گروه محصولات نیمه رسانای ایسر، گروه محصولات اطلاعاتی ایسر و گروه محصولات جانبی ایسر. برای رفع شکایات از مشتریانی دیگر برندهای رقیب، و برای تعدیل و کاهش ماهیت رقابتی فروش مارک تجاری و کسب و کارهای تولیدکننده قرارداد، در سال 2000 این شرکت از کسب و کار قراردادی را از آن خود کرد و نام آن را به شرکت Wistron تغییر نام داد. بازسازی ایسر منجر به ایجاد دو واحد اصلی شد: فروش نام تجاری و تولیدکننده های قراردادی. در سال 2001 شرکت از واحدهای تولیدی خود یعنی BenQ و Wistron خلاص شد تا منابع خود را در امر طراحی و فروش متمرکز کند. ایسر فروش جهانی خود را افزایش داد و همزمان به کاهش نیروی کار خود با شناسایی و استفاده از استراتژی های بازاریابی روی آورد تا از کانال های توزیع موجود خود بهترین استفاده را داشته باشد. در سال 2005، ایسر 7800 کارمند در سراسر جهان تحت استخدام خود داشت و درآمدش از 4/9 میلیارد دلار در سال 2003 به 11.31 میلیارد دلار در سال 2006 افزایش یافت. در حقیقت در سال 2000 ایسر استراتژی بازاریابی را پیش گرفت که به دلیل تأکید بیشتر روی توزیع محصول به افزایش فروش آن کمک کرد، اما همین موضوع موجب شد که تعداد کارمندان آن در سرتاسر دنیا رو به کاهش بگذارد که این نیز خود سبب کاهش درآمد فروش چشمگیر این شرکت در سال 2005 شد. همچنین در سال 2002 درآمد این شرکت 12.9 میلیارد دلار گزارش شده است. و طبق گزارش سالانه گروه تکنولوژی ایسر درآمد سه ماهه دوم سال 2013 آن حدود 2.33 میلیارد دلار است. در سال 2004 مدیرعامل و مؤسس ایسر جناب آقای استان شیه بازنشسته شد و امر هدایت را بر عهده مدیران بعدی گذاشت. سهم بازار ایسر در آمریکای شمالی طی چند سال گذشته کاهش یافته، در حالی که سهم بازار این شرکت در اروپا افزایش یافته است. در اواسط سال 2000، نوت بوک های این شرکت تقریبا تنها رقیب رو به رشد برای صنعت کامپیوتر بوده اند، و هزینه های فوق العاده کم محصولات ایسر و اختصاص کانال های توزیع زیاد یکی از اصلی ترین مزایای این موفقیت بوده اند. ایسر به سرعت در اروپا رشد کرد و سهم قابل توجهی از بازارهای این قاره را گرفت. این شرکت با استفاده از کانال های توزیع سنتی، مصرف کنندگان خرده فروشی را هدف قرار داده بود، و برخی رقبای فروش آنلاین و مشتریان تجاری نیز آن را دنبال می کنند. در سال 2007 ایسر شرکت Gateway در ایالات متحده آمریکا و Packard Bell در اروپا را خریداری کرد و به عنوان سومین ارائه کننده رایانه های رومیزی و دومین تولیدکننده برتر لپ تاپ تبدیل شد و به میزان قابل توجهی سودآوری رسید. ایسر در تلاش است تا به بزرگترین تولید کننده کامپیوتر در جهان تبدیل شود، با این اعتقاد که این هدف می تواند به ایسر کمک کند تا به اقتصاد سودده در مق
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spinge il lettore in una conversazione policentrica sulle relazioni tra le istituzioni artistiche e le atmosfere della "vita reale", ciò che Art Power descrive come "infinita sequenza di immagini" della modernità. Matthew Jesse Jackson, Bookforum, giugno 2008 Art Power /// Indice dell’opera • Introduzione • La logica dell’uguaglianza estetica • Sul nuovo • Sulla curatela • L’Arte nell’era della biopolitica: dall’opera alla documentazione • Iconoclastia come strumento artistico: strategie iconoclasta nel cinema • L’arte nell’era della digitalizzazione: dall’immagine al file e ritorno • Autorialità multipla • La città nell’era della riproduzione turistica • Riflessioni critiche • Arte in guerra • Il corpo dell’eroe: la teoria dell’arte di Hitler • Educare le masse: l’arte realista socialista • Oltre la diversità: gli studi culturali e l’Altro dopo il comunismo • Privatizzazioni, o paradisi artificiali del postcomunismo • L’Europa e i suoi Altri Boris Groys nasce nel 1947 a Berlino (nell’allora DDR), studia filosofia e matematica all’Università di Leningrado e si laurea in filosofia all’Università di Muenster. Ha insegnato e Storia dell’Arte e Teoria dei Media allo ZKM di Karlsruhe e alla New York University. I suoi studi sono diventati conosciuti prima nel mondo tedesco per le sue analisi sull’arte e la cultura sovietica a confronto con l’ideologia comunista nell’arco del XX sec. Postmedia books pubblica nella primavera del 2012 anche un secondo libro di Groys, Going Public, nel quale l’arte viene messa in discussione a confronto con altre esperienze estetiche possibili nell’era contemporanea. Top Definition boofool means the same thing as boozle or sayin no in a boozle tense "aye ch ch let me hold a dolla" "boofool nigga" "boofool nigga" aye ch ch tarafından 4 Ekim 2006, Çarşamba ücretsiz Günün Sokak Argosunu her sabah almak için aşağıya email adresinizi yazın Emailler, email@example.com adresinden gönderilir. Asla spam mail göndermeyiz.× Akciğerler, soluk borusu ve bronşlar. Resimde organlar konumlarının anlaşılabilmesi için açılmış halde gösterilmektedir. Hava soluyan omurgalılardaki temel solunumorganıdır. Soluk alındığında burun ve ağızdan giren hava nefes borusu ve sonrasında bronşlardan geçerek akciğerlere ulaşır. Toplardamarlarla gelen karbondioksitce fazla olan (kirli) kan burada yenilenir. Ayrıca sesin oluşumunda da görevlidir. Yeni doğanda akciğer, ilk başta parlak pembe renktedir. Zamanla grileşmeye ve yaş geçtikçe koyulaşarak en sonunda neredeyse siyah rengine bürünür. Bu koyulaşmaya solunumla alınan havadaki toz ve öteki maddeler neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca sigara içenlerin akciğerleri içmeyenlere göre daha siyahtır. Akciğer ile ilgili tıbbi terimler genellikle pulmo- ile başlar. Bu, Latincede "akciğerlerin" anlamına gelen pulmonarius sözcüğünden gelmektedir ki bu sözcük de Yunancada "akciğer" anlamına gelen pleumon ile akrabadır. Göğüs boşluğunda bulunmakta olup, göğüs kafesi sayesinde korunan akciğerler, koruyucu bir zar olan plevra ile sarılmışlardır. Diyafram kasından birinci kaburganın üstüne, köprücük kemiğinin biraz üzerine kadar yer alır. Yaklaşık olarak koni şekline sahip olan akciğerlerin basis pulmonis adı verilen içbükey alt yüzeyi diyaframın üstüne yerleşiktir; köprücük kemiğinin üstüne kadar uzanan üst yüzeyineyse apex pulmonis adı verilir.[1][2] Akciğerlerin esnek ve süngerimsi bir yapıları vardır. Biri sağ ve diğeri solda olmak üzere 2 adettir. Sağ akciğer 3 lobdan (parçadan), sol akciğer ise 2 lobdan oluşmuştur. Sol akciğerin bir parçası yerine kalp bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle sağ akciğer sol akciğerden daha büyük, sağ akciğerin ağırlığı yaklaşık 700 gr. ağırlığındayken, sol akciğer 600 gr. ağırlığındadır.[3] L'episodio non deve essere usato «come pretesto per un'ulteriore escalation», secondo l'Unione europea BRUXELLES - «Siamo al corrente delle notizie sui droni che avrebbero volato sulla regione di Mosca ma non conosciamo l'origine, le circostanze o i dettagli. Ogni accusa da parte della Russia ha poca credibilità visto che la Russia sta ampiamente manipolando qualsiasi tipo di informazione». Lo ha detto la portavoce per la politica estera dell'Ue, Nabila Massrali, nel corso del consueto briefing con la stampa. «La Russia non deve usare» l'attacco con i droni «come pretesto per un'ulteriore escalation dei suoi continui attacchi illegali e barbarici contro l'Ucraina», ha sottolineato la portavoce. «Le attrezzature fornite» a Kiev "attraverso la European Peace Facility «possono essere utilizzate solo per la difesa dell'integrità territoriale e della sovranità» ucraina, ha ricordato ancora la portavoce, evidenziando che l'Ue ha «stabilito un meccanismo rigoroso per garantire che i mezzi forniti attraverso l'attività europea sotto l'esclusiva responsabilità del comando e del controllo delle forze armate ucraine, vengano utilizzati al solo scopo di autodifesa». Genshin impact capitolo I, atto I: la terra tra i monoliti si riferisce a una parte della storia all'interno del gioco come missione che completa il capitolo 'arrivederci, signore arcaico'. Che deve essere risolto attraverso diverse missioni di ogni tipo e che garantisce tutti i tipi di ricompense. Ricorda che per poter prendere parte a questa missione devi aver completato il grado avventura numero 23. Missioni del capitolo I, atto I: La terra tra i monoliti Tra le missioni che questo capitolo e questo atto hanno all'interno del gioco ci sono: Rito di discesa - Parla con Paimon e altri abitanti della città di Liyue. - Vai alla terrazza yujing e accendi due incensi per esprimere i desideri. - Unisciti alla folla e goditi l'evento. - Parla con Paimon e fuggi dalla geo armata. - Parla con lo straniero e incontra Nobile sulla riva del regno settentrionale. Cambiamento inaspettato - A metà del volo, nobile ti aiuterà guidandoti alla casa dell'adepto "la gola di Jueyun". - Unisciti all'adepto e chatta con uno scultore della luna lì. - Combatti al suo fianco e parla di nuovo con lo scultore, che ti darà un timbro di autorizzazione. Locanda Wangshu - Devi trovare gli altri 3 adeptus eremiti. - Parla con Xiao e poi con il capo della locanda per chiedere dell'adepto. - Prepara un'insalata salutare per Xiao. - Segui il fantasma e sconfiggi il cacciatore di fantasmi tra le rovine - Parla con il fantasma, dopo che la cena di Xiao gli ha parlato. Modellatore di montagne - Vai alle montagne hulao lì troverai il modellatore di montagne. - Parla con Liding, distruggi tutta l'ambra che trovi e salva il fratello di Liding. - Parla con entrambi i fratelli per raccogliere informazioni dall'adepto. - Incontra il modellatore di montagne. Conservatore di nuvole - Vai al monte Aozang e parla con Paimon. - Cerca tracce di cibo e offri agli adeptus 3 piatti (stufato di gemme, carne di more e involtini di carne Matsykate). - Trova i preservatori di nuvole e parla con loro. Polvere sei e polvere diventerai - Torna da Liyue e incontra Nobile, parla con lui per completare correttamente la missione secondaria. 来源:互联网新闻 时间:2020-05-02 11:03 原标题:莫桑比克失事飞机寻获黑匣子 已发现31具遗体 中新网12月2日电据外媒消息,纳米比亚警方1日表示,已在纳米比亚失事的莫桑比克航空公司飞机残骸附近找到了31具乘客遗体,另外失事飞机的黑匣子也已经找到。 纳米比亚警察官员称,目前仍不清楚其他遗体的去向,在现场只发现了31具乘客遗体。飞机黑匣子中的两个录音机也已被找到。 29日在纳米比亚东北部发生的客机失事是莫桑比克航空史上最严重的事故,造成机上33人全部死亡,机上一半乘客是莫桑比克公民。 警方称飞机坠落过程中把乘客甩了出来,需要通过进一步DNA检测才能核验身份。一旦DNA测试完成,家属将前往纳米比亚首都温得和克警方太平间辨认尸体。 遇难者遗体已通过直升机从失事地点运往1000公里外的纳米比亚首都温特和克。一位不愿意透露姓名的航空局官员描述失事现场“惨不忍睹”,遗体四处散落。 该客机是莫桑比克航空公司一架93座的巴西产Embraer190,于当地时间29日11时26分从莫桑比克首都马普托起飞,按计划应于当地时间29日14时10分在安哥拉首都罗安达降落,但在飞越纳米比亚期间失去联络。 莫桑比克宣布将为遇难者举行全国哀悼,机上33人全部遇难没有发现生还者。机上33人包括一名中国公民、一名法国人、一名巴西人、5名葡萄牙人、9名安哥拉人、10名莫桑比克人和6名机组人员。日本超半数百货商店被曝用虚假标识标注400人在乌克兰政府大楼前和平集会 福岛核电站配管盐酸泄漏致设备停转 正泰国示威者欲冲击总理府未果 英拉称不美国核武密码曾是8个“0” 因担心密澳成2014年G20峰会主席国 承诺俄专家称基辅事件标志乌克兰总统大选斗2013年俄国防预算约4千亿元 十年外国乘客强占座位 被日本一航空公司赶乌民众集会抗议暂停与欧盟一体化 特种嫦娥发射成功圆中国梦 具里程碑意义非韩拟参加WTO部长级会议 启动TPP中国迈进三大航天国之列 破“复制俄技美国华盛顿动物园新生小熊猫满百天 获印尼锡纳朋火山区暴雨引发山体滑坡 致福岛核电站配管盐酸泄漏致设备停转 正美国华盛顿动物园新生小熊猫满百天 获美国核武密码曾是8个“0” 因担心密巴西举行圣诞亮灯仪式 烟花点亮五彩夜日本超半数百货商店被曝用虚假标识标注明年世界经济步入8年下行周期比特币:凭何而疯?江苏镇江公车拍卖最高价21.5万 竞河南息县五保户指标设限 官方:只能死法官凌晨堵被窝 老赖报警称有歹徒台州打工男ATM机蒙面盗取好友500美国客车出轨事故致4死63伤 尚无中张艺谋承认育有两子一女 愿配合接受相温州藤桥母女裸死案成功告破 警方详解本月宁波将有70余宗土地出让 出让面45亿年孤独旅行后 ISON彗星将和澳大利亚各州开展联合打击黑帮犯罪行动伊朗总统与英国首相\"历史性\"通话网友热议三中全会《决定》:关键在不折纽约世贸1号楼获称美国第一高楼专家吁反腐设政改特区先行治本 成功经诺基亚正开发8英寸平板 代号“魔术师普京登顶权势榜 只怪奥巴马不争气美国会将彻查全部监视项目 白宫修改部浙江一男子利用感光材料提炼白银污染环天津滨海新区区长:已完成申报自贸区文老挝失事客机打捞难度大 已寻获17具科学家称吃鼻屎可能有助于增强人体免疫中外著名大学联盟签署《合肥宣言》 承德媒:西方民主成为“过时货”虽然不是奥运冠军,吴鹏、徐东香这次破江苏省委常委会召开民主生活会 常委自新华国际时评:埃及稳定终须政治和解菲军方三宝颜搜救21名人质专家称俄国际形象因解决叙利亚问题而有 Recognizing the importance of school breakfast in ensuring student health, well-being and academic success, schools across the country are increasingly making breakfast a part of the school day. Breakfast After the Bell (BAB) models, such as Breakfast in the Classroom (BIC), Grab and Go to the Classroom (GNG) and Second Chance Breakfast, can increase participation, school meal program revenues, and student performance. Implementing BAB may present some initial challenges, however. Preparing for implementation can make the transition from traditional cafeteria breakfast to BAB smoother and increase the chances of maintaining a successful program. Each school has their own unique needs and adaptability during early implementation can help refine and improve the breakfast program. In preparing to implement BAB, there are several important steps to consider, as discussed within this resource. This resource is a mapped out list of action steps schools can take to prepare for BAB implementation, from creating a school breakfast team, to connecting with schools that have already implemented BAB to learn from their experiences. Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) is a small seeded grass that can be grazed in spring or fall, hayed, used as a cover crop, plowed as green manure or used as a nurse crop for fall-seeded legumes. Around the world, annual ryegrass has many different agricultural, horticultural, and urban uses. Common Name: Annual ryegrass or Italian ryegrass. Annual ryegrass should not be confused with “Rye” or Cereal Rye, a completely different species. Scientific Name: Family: Poaceae, Genus: Lolium, Species: multiflorum Origin: Introduced to the USA from Europe Annual ryegrass is a very competitive winter annual, with good seedling vigor, fast germanation (with adequate moisture) and rapid establishment. Annual ryegrass is a bunch grass, yellowish-green at the base, with long glossy green leaves up to 12” each. The plant may reach up to four feet in height at maturity. In the context of cover crops, however, annual ryegrass is killed in the spring before it reaches seed formation stage. Cold Tolerance: Annual ryegrass is a cool-season annual grass that – with good snow cover – possesses good cold tolerance. Not as winter hardy as cereal rye or winter wheat. Geographic Range: While annual ryegrass can be found throughout the US, it has much greater persistence in temperate climates. It is used in the south to fill in during winter months for other grasses that thrive only in summer months. In central and northern states, annual ryegrass is a popular cover crop, wintering over well especially when snow cover can protect the plant from excessive temperature fluctuations. Growing Requirements: Annual ryegrass grows vigorously under a wide range of soils and climates. It is tolerant of wet soils and temporary flooding, will grow in sandy soils but is better adapted to heavy clay or silty soils. It is a great nitrogen scavenger and can assimilate as much as 200 lbs N/acre/yr. Most of that N then becomes available to crops following, thus saving on fertilizer input. It also responds well to P on eroded soils. Annual ryegrass tolerates a pH range of 5-8 with the optimum between 6 and 7. Annual ryegrass has thge greatest rate of seedling growth among cultivated cool-season grasses if soil moisture is adequate and soil temperatures are above 60 degrees F. Seed Longevity: Under field conditions seed longevity
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include depressed mood, psychic anxiety, sleep disturbance, fatigue and diminished interest or pleasure. It is currently unclear which factors predict partial remission. However, it is clear that residual symptoms are powerful predictors of relapse, with relapse rates 3–6 times higher in patients with residual symptoms than in those who experience full remission. In addition, antidepressant drugs tend to lose efficacy over the course of treatment. A number of strategies are used in clinical practice to try to overcome these limits and variations. They include switching medication, augmentation, and combination. "Trial and error" switching The American Psychiatric Association 2000 Practice Guideline advises that where no response is achieved following six to eight weeks of treatment with an antidepressant, to switch to an antidepressant in the same class, then to a different class of antidepressant. A 2006 meta-analysis review found wide variation in the findings of prior studies; for patients who had failed to respond to an SSRI antidepressant, between 12% and 86% showed a response to a new drug. However, the more antidepressants an individual had already tried, the less likely they were to benefit from a new antidepressant trial. However, a later meta-analysis found no difference between switching to a new drug and staying on the old medication; although 34% of treatment resistant patients responded when switched to the new drug, 40% responded without being switched. Augmentation and combination For a partial response, the American Psychiatric Association guidelines suggest augmentation, or adding a drug from a different class. These include: lithium and thyroid augmentation, dopamine agonists, sex steroids, NRIs, glucocorticoid-specific agents, or the newer anticonvulsants. A combination strategy involves adding another antidepressant, usually from a different class so as to have effect on other mechanisms. Although this may be used in clinical practice, there is little evidence for the relative efficacy or adverse effects of this strategy. Other tests recently conducted include the use of psychostimulants as an augmentation therapy. Several studies have shown the efficacy of combining modafinil to treatment-resistant patients. It has been used to help combat SSRI associated fatigue. The therapeutic effects of antidepressants typically do not continue once the course of medication ends, resulting in a high rate of relapse. A recent meta-analysis of 31 placebo-controlled antidepressant trials, mostly limited to studies covering a period of one year, found that 18% of patients who had responded to an antidepressant relapsed while still taking it, compared to 41% whose antidepressant was switched for a placebo. A gradual loss of therapeutic benefit occurs in a minority of people during the course of treatment. A strategy involving the use of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of the acute episode, followed by psychotherapy in its residual phase, has been suggested by some studies. Comparative efficacy and tolerability Generalized anxiety disorder Antidepressants are recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) that has failed to respond to conservative measures such as education and self-help activities. GAD is a common disorder of which the central feature is excessive worry about a number of different events. Key symptoms include excessive anxiety about multiple events and issues, and difficulty controlling worrisome thoughts that persists for at least 6 months. Obsessive compulsive disorder SSRIs are a second line treatment of adult obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) with mild functional impairment and as first line treatment for those with moderate or severe impairment. In children, SSRIs can be considered as a second line therapy in those with moderate-to-severe impairment, with close monitoring for psychiatric adverse effects. SSRIs are efficacious in the treatment of OCD; patients treated with SSRIs are about twice as likely to respond to treatment as those treated with placebo. Efficacy has been demonstrated both in short-term treatment trials of 6 to 24 weeks and in discontinuation trials of 28 to 52 weeks duration. Anti-depressants are recommended as an alternative or additional first step to self-help programs in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. SSRIs (fluoxetine in particular) are preferred over other anti-depressants due to their acceptability, tolerability, and superior reduction of symptoms in short term trials. Long term efficacy remains poorly characterized. Bupropion is not recommended for the treatment of eating disorders due to an increased risk of seizure. Clinical trials have generated mostly negative results for the use of SSRI's in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. Treatment guidelines from the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence recommend against the use of SSRIs in this disorder. Those from the American Psychiatric Association note that SSRIs confer no advantage regarding weight gain, but that they may be used for the treatment of co-existing depressive, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive disorders. A 2012 meta analysis concluded that antidepressants treatment favorably affects pain, health-related quality of life, depression, and sleep in fibromylgia syndrome. Tricyclics appear to be the most effective class, with moderate effects on pain and sleep and small effects on fatigue and health-related quality of life. The fraction of people experiencing a 30% pain reduction on tricyclics was 48% vs 28% for placebo. For SSRIs and SNRIs the fraction of people experiencing a 30% pain reduction was 36% (20% in the placebo comparator arms) and 42% (32% in the corresponding placebo comparator arms). Discontinuation of treatment due to side effects was common. Antidepressants including amitriptyline, fluoxetine, duloxetine, milnacipran, moclobemide, and pirlindole are recommended by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) for the treatment of fibromyalgia based on "limited evidence". A 2014 meta analysis from the Cochrane Collaboration found the antidepressant duloxetine effective for the treatment of pain resulting from diabetic neuropathy. The same group reviewed data for amitryptyline in the treatment of neuropathic pain and found limited useful randomized clinical trial data, but concluded that the long history of successful use in the community for the treatment of fibromyalgia and neuropathic pain justified its continued use. Almost any medication involved with serotonin regulation has the potential to cause serotonin toxicity (also known as serotonin syndrome) – an excess of serotonin that can induce mania, restlessness, agitation, emotional lability, insomnia and confusion as its primary symptoms. Although the condition is serious, it is not particularly common, generally only appearing at high doses or while on other medications. Assuming proper medical intervention has been taken (within about 24 hours) it is rarely fatal. MAOIs tend to have pronounced (sometimes fatal) interactions with a wide variety of medications and over-the-counter drugs. If taken with foods that contain very high levels of tyramine (e.g., mature cheese, cured meats, or yeast extracts), they may cause a potentially lethal hypertensive crisis. At lower doses the person may be bothered by only a headache due to an increase in blood pressure. In response to these adverse effects, a different type of MAOI has been developed: the reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) class of drugs. Their primary advantage is that they do not require the person to follow a special diet, while being purportedly effective as SSRIs and tricyclics in treating depressive disorders. SSRI use in pregnancy has been associated with a variety of risks with varying degrees of proof of causation. As depression is independently associated with negative pregnancy outcomes, determining the extent to which observed associations between antidepressant use and specific adverse outcomes reflects a causative relationship has been difficult in some cases. In other cases, the attribution of adverse outcomes to antidepressant exposure seems fairly clear. A systematic review of the risk of major birth defects in antidepressant-exposed pregnancies found a small increase (3% to 24%) in the risk of major malformations and a risk of cardiovascular birth defects that did not differ from non-exposed pregnancies. A study of fluoxetine-exposed pregnancies found a 12% increase in the risk of major malformations that just missed statistical significance. Other studies have found an increased risk of cardiovascular birth defects among depressed mothers not undergoing SSRI treatment, suggesting the possibility of ascertainment bias, e.g. that worried mothers may pursue more aggressive testing of their infants. Another study found no increase in cardiovascular birth defects and a 27% increased risk of major malformations in SSRI exposed pregnancies. The FDA advises for the risk of birth defects with the use of paroxetine and the MAOI should be avoided. A neonate (infant less than 28 days old) may experience a withdrawal syndrome from abrupt discontinuation of the antidepressant at birth. Antidepressants have been shown to be present in varying amounts in breast milk, but their effects on infants are currently unknown. Moreover, SSRIs inhibit nitric oxide synthesis, which plays an important role in setting vascular tone. Several studies have pointed to an increased risk of prematurity associated with SSRI use, and this association may be due to an increase risk of pre-eclampsia of pregnancy. Another possible problem with antidepressants is the chance of antidepressant-induced mania in patients with bipolar disorder. Many cases of bipolar depression are very similar to those of unipolar depression. Therefore, the patient can be misdiagnosed with unipolar depression and be given antidepressants. Studies have shown that antidepressant-induced mania can occur in 20–40% of bipolar patients. For bipolar depression, antidepressants (most frequently SSRIs) can exacerbate or trigger symptoms of hypomania and mania. Studies have shown that the use of antidepressants is correlated with an increased risk of suicidal behaviour and thinking (suicidality) in those aged under 25. This problem has been serious enough to warrant government intervention by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to warn of the increased risk of suicidality during antidepressant treatment. According to the FDA, the heightened risk of suicidality is within the first one to two months of treatment. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) places the excess risk in the "early stages of treatment". A meta-analysis suggests that the relationship between antidepressant use and suicidal behavior or thoughts is age-dependent. Compared to placebo the use of antidepressants is associated with an increase in suicidal behavior or thoughts among those aged under 25 (OR=1.62). This increase in suicidality approaches that observed in children and adolescents. There is no effect or possibly a mild protective effect among those aged 25 to 64 (OR=0.79). Antidepressant treatment has a protective effect against suicidality among those aged 65 and over (OR=0.37). Sexual side-effects are also common with SSRIs, such as loss of sexual drive, failure to reach orgasm, and erectile dysfunction. Although usually reversible, these sexual side-effects can, in rare cases, last for months or years after the drug has been completely withdrawn. In a study of 1022 outpatients, overall sexual dysfunction with all antidepressants averaged 59.1% with SSRIs values between 57 and 73%, mirtazapine 24%, nefazodone 8%, amineptine 7% and moclobemide 4%. Moclobemide, a selective reversible MAO-A inhibitor, does not cause sexual dysfunction, and can actually lead to an improvement in all aspects of sexual function. Biochemical mechanisms suggested as causative include increased serotonin, particularly affecting 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors; decreased dopamine; decreased norepinephrine; blockade of cholinergic and α1adrenergic receptors; inhibition of nitric oxide synthetase; and elevation of prolactin levels. Mirtazapine is reported to have fewer sexual side-effects, most likely because it antagonizes 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors and may, in some cases, reverse sexual dysfunction induced by SSRIs by the same mechanism. Changes in weight Changes in appetite or weight are common among antidepressants, but largely drug-dependent and are related to which neurotransmitters they affect. Mirtazapine and paroxetine, for example, have the effect of weight gain and/or increased appetite, while others (such as bupropion and venlafaxine) achieve the opposite effect. The antihistaminic properties of certain TCA- and TeCA-class antidepressants have been shown to contribute to the common side-effects of increased appetite and weight gain associated with these classes of medication. Antidepressant discontinuation symptoms were first reported with imipramine, the first tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), in the late 1950s, and each new class of antidepressants has brought reports of similar conditions, including monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), SSRIs, and SNRIs. As of 2001, at least 21 different antidepressants, covering all the major classes, were known to cause discontinuation syndromes. The problem has been poorly studied, and most of the literature has been case reports or small clinical studies; incidence is hard to determine and controversial. People with discontinuation syndrome have been on an antidepressant for at least four weeks and have recently stopped taking the medication, either abruptly or after a fast taper. Common symptoms include flu-like symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, sweating), sleep disturbances (insomnia, nightmares, constant sleepiness), sensory/movement disturbances (imbalance, tremors, vertigo, dizziness, electric-shock-like experiences), mood disturbances (dysphoria, anxiety, agitation) and cognitive disturbances (confusion and hyperarousal). Over fifty symptoms have been reported. Most cases of discontinuation syndrome last between one and four weeks, are relatively mild, and resolve on their own; in rare cases symptoms can be severe or extended. Paroxetine and venlafaxine seem to be particularly difficult to discontinue and prolonged withdrawal syndrome lasting over 18 months have been reported with paroxetine. With the explosion of use and interest in SSRIs in the late 1980s and early 1990s, focused especially on Prozac, interest grew as well in discontinuation syndromes. In the late 1990s, some investigators thought that symptoms that emerged when antidepressants were discontinued, might mean that antidepressants were causing addiction, and some used the term "withdrawal syndrome" to describe the symptoms. Addictive substances cause physiological dependence, so that drug withdrawal causes suffering. These theories were abandoned, since addiction leads to drug-seeking behavior, and people taking antidepressants do not exhibit drug-seeking behavior. The term "withdrawal syndrome" is no longer used with respect to antidepressants, to avoid confusion with problems that arise from addiction. There are case reports of antidepressants being abused, but these are rare and are mostly limited to antidepressants with stimulant effects and to people who already had a substance abuse disorder. A 2012 comparison of the effects of stopping therapy with benzodiazepines and SSRIs argued that because the symptoms are similar, it makes no sense to say that benzodiazepines are addictive while SSRIs are not. Responses to that review noted that there is no evidence that people who stop taking SSRIs exhibit drug-seeking behavior while people who stop taking benzodiazepines do, and that the drug classes should be considered differently. The earliest and probably most widely accepted scientific theory of antidepressant action is the monoamine hypothesis (which can be traced back to the 1950s), which states that depression is due to an imbalance (most often a deficiency) of the monoamine neurotransmitters (namely serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine). It was originally proposed based on the observation that certain hydrazine anti-tuberculosis agents produce antidepressant effects, which was later linked to their inhibitory effects on monoamine oxidase, the enzyme that cataly
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يابي كردن این تهدید پارانورمالا تنظیم کرد و برفراز روح دختر کمک کرد تا اينكه بتواند ضلع سود زندگی بعدی برسد. وا این حال، "فعالیت" شبح مجرد و متاهل افزایش یافت صميميت عروسک های بیشتر بي آلايشي بیشتر داخل درختان ايستادگي گرفتند تا اهتمام کنند ولو روح ناسفته و بيوه را خنثی کنند. بي زن زمانی که جولیان جزیره را ترک کرد این هستي و عدم که عروسک بیشتری بگیرد. او حتی برای نوشيدن و تناول كردن غذا برای عروسک ها استعمال می کرد. همچنین حرف شده است که مجموع عروسک بخشی از روح عذرا است. متاسفانه، دون جولیان سانتانا درون سال 2001 شفاعت برادرزادهش تو همان کانال که در نزاكت مال وی گفت دوشيزه کوچولو مستغرق گرفتار شيفته شده است، مرده است! (Freaky، huh؟) این جزیره در Channel Syfy حادث :اسم تازه Truth Destination واقع شد، جایی که یک تیم تحقیقاتی در نزاكت مال زمان فلق را گذراند. ظاهرا ظاهرا دیدم اخلاص صدای شنیده ام. این جذابیت گردشگری عجیب خلوص غریب است. بسیاری دوباره به دست آوردن بازدیدکنندگان وساطت چهره های کودکانه و افلاكي مدفون ای دوباره پيدا كردن عروسک ها ظاهر می شوند که روي نظر می رسته این اعتنا را تحریک کند. صدر در طوری که آنها ضمير اول شخص جمع را به عنوان شما در گرداگرد تلنگر، من وآنها و آنها را بررسی کنید. برفراز طوری که آنها چیزی به غير این جزیره نیستند، نه روح بكر کوچک. این جذبه توریستی عجیب صفا غریب تو جنوب مکزیکو سیتی وقوع آفريده و آفريدگار مخلوق شده است. این اندر مالکیت خصوصی است، ليك برادرزاده اکنون تورها را ادا می کند، بنابراین دسترسی سهل ميسر بي رنج به آن شاق است. نگران نباشید از هتل یا دواج خود بپرسید تا ضلع سود شما در جهت درست استعاره کند. اگر به کانال Xochimilco بروید، یک trajinera را دوباره پيدا كردن کوچه پناه Cuemanco به جزیره بگیرید. رزرو آنلاین هتل های آنکارا برچسب ها : دیدنی های ترکیه , + نوشته شده در شنبه 28 مهر 1397ساعت 15:05 توسط فرزین | تعداد بازدید : 4 Kullanan çıkar mı buradan bilmiyorum ama sorayım dedim. Sürekli kullandığım prime lens dışında ekstra bir de kit lens var ama kit lens'i kullanmıyorum hiç. Tak gez aralıklı bir lens arayışım var. Aşağıdaki lens'i kullanan, tecrübe eden varsa yorumu lazım. Sony SEL 18-105mm f/4 OSS G Serisi Lens https://fotografium.com/urun/sony-sel-18-105mm-f-4-oss-g-serisi-lens-5327 当地时间周一,英超的曼联足球俱乐部和阿迪达斯签署了一份9亿英镑(11亿美元)的合同,曼联将和阿迪达斯的合作关系再延长10年。这家德国运动服装巨头在2015/16赛季成为曼联足球俱乐部的官方队服赞助商,23年后重聚,并在达成7.5亿英镑的合同金额挤下竞争对手耐克,这在当时创下了球衣赞助合同金额的纪录。 曼联和阿迪达斯在一份官方声明中表示:“自2018年重新引入阿迪达斯的合作以来,新合同中增加了对曼联女足球队的关注”。 曼联在主教练埃里克·滕哈格的带领下,本赛季重返名利双收的欧洲冠军联赛,尽管曼联的美国老板格雷泽家族仍在考虑出售曼联足球俱乐部。 格雷泽家族在去年年底启动了正式的出售程序,卡塔尔谢赫·贾西姆·本·哈马德·阿勒萨尼和英国亿万富翁吉姆·拉特克利夫是潜在的买家之一。 曼联和阿迪达斯的新合同将使双方的合作关系持续到2035年6月。根据运动服装品牌巨头阿迪达斯最新的年度报告显示,和阿迪达斯的原始合同将年度付款的一部分和曼联足球俱乐部能否参加欧洲冠军联赛的资格和成绩联系起来。根据该协议,曼联足球俱乐部连续两个或两个以上赛季没能参加欧洲冠军联赛的话,其年度付款将减少适当金额的30%。 曼联没有立即就新合同的明细条款对外发表评论,阿迪达斯拒绝置评。阿迪达斯首席执行官比约恩·古尔登说:“我们将把传统和创新结合起来,以此让球员和球迷开心和喜欢”。 (Disclosure of the First Part of the Sixth Report of IPCC) On August 9, 2021, IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report(AR6)’s first part ‘Climate Change 2021’ raised alarming warnings about natural disasters due to rising global temperature. According to the report, the earth’s average temperature is rising faster than earlier estimated. According to the estimates of scientists, the average temperature of the earth was estimated to rise by 1.5 degree Celsius by 2050 from the Pre-Industrial Revolution period. According to the report, in the next 20 years by 2040, the average temperature of the earth will cross the 1.5 degree Celsius threshold set by the Paris Climate Agreement (2015). This threshold is shockingly going to be met 10 years sooner than what was earlier estimated to cross by the end of this century. The increase in the average temperature of the earth, oceans, and atmosphere is due to human activities. The report also states an increase in sea level by up to 2 meters by the end of this century, which cannot be ignored. Scientists preparing the report also warned that the Arctic is likely to be ‘practically sea ice-free’ in September at least once before 2050. The report also states that each and every decade in the last four decades has been hotter than the previous ones. As seen from data, after 1970 the temperature began to rise sharply. Looking to the future, predictions are that summers will be longer and winters will be shorter in the coming decades. Extreme temperatures are expected in multiple geographical locations where temperatures could rise several degrees above the average. The frequency of heat waves incidents will increase rapidly. Prolonged summers will inevitably impact the rain patterns and an increase in the incidents of heatwaves will adversely affect the agricultural sector. Heavy rains in some places will lead to floods and droughts in some places due to low rainfall. Rising temperatures will cause polar ice caps and glaciers to melt, rising sea levels, which could be a major problem for the coastal villages, cities, and islands. Rising ocean water temperature will further increase the probability of marine disasters, such as cyclones (hurricanes) and tsunamis. In the report, the scientists made it clear that the rise in the earth’s average temperature is due to human activities whereas the earlier reports suggested the possibility of human activities. While human activity is playing an important role in the increasing average temperature of the earth, the real reason for it is the economic development model. Most countries in the world have indiscriminately depleted natural resources in the blind race for economic growth. According to a special report of the IPCC titled ‘Climate Change and Land’ released in 2019, human activities have changed 70 percent of the earth’s (ice-free) area. The oceans are also being severely damaged by human activities. According to a study by Harvey, two-thirds of the ocean area is under extreme pressure from human activities. The amount of acidic matter and pollutants in the oceans are increasing which is causing various diseases to marine life, hence they are becoming extinct in large numbers. In the last week of June 2021, more than a billion marine animals died due to the heatwave in the western United States and Canada. Rising ocean temperature is increasing the number of natural disasters like cyclones and tsunamis and the magnitude of their effects. According to a study by Singapore’s Nanyang Technological University, a 0.5 meter rise in sea level could increase the risk of tsunamis by 2.4 times and by one meter 4.7 times. According to a study by Daniel Levitt and Nico Camnada, a one-degree rise in sea water temperature would increase the wind speed in a hurricane by 5 per cent and a high-speed hurricane would wreak havoc. Some prominent hurricanes we have seen recently are Harvey, Florence, Maria, Irma amongst others. The report also highlighted that the sea level could rise by 2 meters by the end of this century. If the sea level rises so much, many islands in the Pacific Ocean and cities along the coastal areas will suffer a lot. The report makes it clear that by the end of the century, limiting the rise in temperature to 1.5 degree Celsius (the safe limit set by the Paris Climate Agreement) is becoming out of reach. Due to the rapid emission of greenhouse gases in the last century, the average temperature of the earth has risen by 1.1 degrees Celsius since the Pre-Industrial Revolution period and we are only 0.4 degrees Celsius away from crossing the 1.5 degree Celsius limit. Every part of a degree of temperature rise is very important. With every one-degree rise in temperature, there will be a 7 percent increase in the intensification of extreme rain events. A special IPCC report released in October 2018 indicated that a mere half-degree Celsius rise in temperature could raise sea levels by up to 8 feet, causing damage to the human population of 3 to 8 million. At the same time, 410 million urban population will suffer from water scarcity, and 18 percent of insects, 16 percent flora, and 8 percent four-legged animals will disappear from the face of the earth forever. With the increase in the average temperature of the earth, the frequency of heatwaves is increasing rapidly. A one degree Celsius increase in temperature is likely to increase the heat waves 5 times and a 2 degree Celsius increase is expected to increase the frequency of heatwaves 14 times. Rising temperature is not only increasing the recurring incidents of heat waves but is also increasing the frequency of other natural disasters such as droughts and wildfires. Lytton, a small town in Canada, was devastated by wildfires after a heatwave. A similar phenomenon recently occurred in Galatsona village on Evia island in Greece and the Northern California Dixie fire, to recall a few. Climate change coupled with rising temperature is increasing the incidence of droughts. According to a 2020 report by the Council on Energy, Environment and Water, 68 percent of India’s areas are facing drought-like conditions. California in the western United States is currently suffering from drought where drought used to occur once in a decade but now it has increased by 70 percent. The incidence of floods is also increasing with climate change. In July 2021, Western Europe experienced the worst floods for the first time in the last many decades western, hundreds of people were killed in Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, and the Netherlands caused by heavy rains. In China, flash floods in Henan province in July 2021 killed at least 300 people and affected more than 1.3 million people. All over the world, the incidence of heavy rains has increased by an average of 30 percent. In fact, droughts and extreme heatwaves have an increased frequency and the duration of forest fires. Due to the long dry weather, the severity of wildfires is on the rise. According to CalFire, six out of the top 10 largest wildfires in California have occurred in 2020 or 2021, which reflects the severity of the situation. The report has indicated that India will also continue to be prone to natural disasters resulting from rising sea levels and rising temperatures. These disasters will affect people living in its coastal areas. With the rise in seawater temperature, the number of cyclones in the Bay of Bengal and as well in the Arabian Sea and their impact will increase. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has said that the report raises serious concerns. We have very little time left to save the earth and its people from the damage caused by natural disasters. According to the Paris Climate Agreement, greenhouse gas emissions have to drastically be reduced to meet the target of 1.5 degree Celsius rise in global average temperature from the Pre-Industrial Revolution period to the end of the 21st century. The use of diesel, petrol, and coal must be reduced. Alas! Instead of declining, their use is growing at a rate of 2 percent per annum. China, the United States, and India, which are currently emitting more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere than any other country in the world, should shut down their coal-fired thermal plants as soon as possible. Coal-fired plants are still being set up in China and India. China and the United States must quickly switch to renewable energy sources for economic growth. These countries should cut their carbon emissions as fast as European countries have done. Although India has a very small share of global greenhouse gas emissions (2.65 Gigatonne) compared to China (10.06 Gigatonne) and the United States (5.4 Gigatonne), this does not mean that India does not require any action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. According to the Council on Energy, Environment, and Water, 75 percent of the districts in India are suffering from one or the other kind of natural disaster. The steps to be taken to deal with climate change are in the interest of our country and its people. The IPCC report comes just six months before the 26th session of the United Nation led Conference of the Parties. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the leaders of all world leaders to come up with a solid plan for the reduction of greenhouse gases. So far, 90 countries have submitted their plans to the United Nations to cut greenhouse gas emissions, but that would reduce emissions by only 2.3 billion tonnes by 2030. The need of the hour is ten times more reduction in greenhouse gases otherwise our planet will warm by more than 1.5 degrees Celsius. Therefore, China, the United States, and India should play their role in cutting down their greenhouse gas emissions as these three countries emit 50 percent of the total emissions into the atmosphere. All the nations of the world must unite and take firm and concrete steps. These steps include changing the current economic development model and people’s way of life, as well as ensuring clean technology and financial assistance to the developing and least developed countries by the developed countries. About the Author : Dr. Gurinder Kaur is Visiting professor at IMPRI and a Former Professor of, Department of Geography, Punjabi University, Patiala. The Propagation of Pomegranates By Ashley Braun In my paper I’m going to explain to you what a pomegranate is and its care. I will also go in depth on the different methods of propagating pomegranates. Pomegranates are not widely grown in the United States mostly because of unfavorable climate, but also because the demand for pomegranates is not very high in the United States. This lack of interest created a small problem with finding strong research information about the pomegranates propagation. There are several different propagation methods used to grow pomegranates. Much work needs to be done to increase production and information about the pomegranate, but the field and interest in the rare fruit is growing and has the potential to double within the next ten years. The pomegranate is native to the Middle East and South Asia. It has wandered over the centuries to China, India, the Mediterranean, California, and Florida. The pomegranate is one of the first five cultivated foods in the world. There are some trees in Europe that are known to be over 200 years old. Throughout the centuries it has been used widely in literature and art and was often seen as a sign of fertility or wealth. The pomegranate is very high in potassium, vitamin C, and antioxidants. The pomegranate plant comes in either a tree or a shrub. It is usually grown for its large fruit, but there are some dwarf cultivars used primarily for landscaping or bonsai trees. The foliage is long, thin, and glossy in appearance. It produces small flowers usually one inch in diameter. The flowers come in a wide variety of colors, but the most common are orange and red. The fruit produced is usually two to five inches in diameter with
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: - nitrogen oxides - carbon monoxide Cohen says that the tar content in cigars is higher than cigarettes. Tar can cause cancers of the: A systematic review published in the journal BMC Public Health looked at 22 different studies. The review found that primary cigar smoking was associated with: - all-cause mortality - oral cancer - esophageal cancer - pancreatic cancer - laryngeal cancer - lung cancer - coronary heart disease (CHD) - aortic aneurysm But it’s not just the risk of developing cancer that’s so concerning. According to the American Lung Association, cigar smokers, like cigarette smokers, also have 4 to 10 times the risk of dying from oral, esophageal, or laryngeal cancer in comparison to nonsmokers. If you regularly smoke cigars, your dentist may give you a lecture. That’s because cigar smoking is linked to oral disease, dental disease, and tooth loss. Not to mention, there’s the damage it does to your enamel, which makes your teeth look stained, and the bad breath that smoking causes. - low birth weight What’s more, the risks associated with cigar smoking extend beyond the smoker. Anyone around a cigar smoker is exposed to secondhand smoke. The Mayo Clinic reports that exposure to secondhand smoke can contribute to the risk of developing lung cancer and heart disease. There’s a lot of misinformation about cigars. It’s important to talk with your healthcare provider or get information from other reputable sources. If not, you may be causing harm to your health. Here are some of the more common myths about cigars: myths about cigars - Cigars are not addictive. Yes, they are. - Cigars are better for you than cigarettes. No, they’re not. - Cigars have less tobacco than cigarettes. Some large cigars can have just as much tobacco as AN ENTIRE pack of cigarettes. - Since you puff on a cigar, rather than inhale, there’s no way of getting cancer. Cigar smokers are at INCREASED risk for getting cancer. - Smoking cigars is a sign of wealth. No way. - Small cigars are safer because they contain less nicotine. No amount of nicotine OR CANCER-CAUSING CHEMICALS is safe. The outlook for cigar smokers is not good, especially when considering the only safe level of cigar smoking is none at all. Cohen points out that the longer you smoke cigars, the greater the risk to your health. “Continued use and smoking of cigars exposes you to more and more carcinogenic and disease-causing toxins with each passing year,” she explains. In other words, if you smoke, the sooner you quit, the better. Quitting smoking can help reduce your chance of developing health conditions associated with smoking such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and chronic lung disease. Cigars are just as addictive as cigarettes. There’s no safe level of nicotine. If you smoke cigars, quitting is important. When you quit smoking cigars, it helps to improve your health and to lower your risk for cancer, heart disease, COPD, and many other health-related issues associated with smoking cigars. Talk with your healthcare provider. They can help connect you with information about and support programs for nicotine addiction and quitting smoking. For additional information and resources on quitting smoking, if you smoke, refer to this fact sheet from the American Cancer Society. مطالب مرتبط همه چی بستگی به شرایط تکمیل چک ها و یا قرارداد و اقرا نامه ی تنظیم شده خواهد داشت.لذا پیشنهاد میشود که برای گرفتن وکیل اقدام نمائید تا بتوانید برای اخذ حکم جلب ایشان اقدام کنید. موید باشید مطالب مرتبط : - سرمایه گذاری در راه اندازی یک کارخانه به چه صورت است؟ - آیا واهب می تواند درخواست رجوع از هبه را بدهد؟ - طرح دعوی علیه مستجر قبلی اثبات انتقال منافع عین چگونه میباشد؟ - در صورتیکه محجوربودن مادر اثبات شود آیا معامله ملک از طرف ایشان باطل میشود؟ - در صورت تاخیر در تحویل ملک و عدم قید در قرارداد آیا میتوان ضرر و زیان گرفت؟ - تنفیذ سند عادی در دادگاه نیاز به حضور چند شاهد دارد؟ - آیا میتوان برای گرفتن وام فرد دیگری به جای وام گیرنده مدرک شغلی بگذارد؟ - فسخ اجاره نامه از سوی مستاجر چگونه میباشد؟ - در صورتیکه موجر مبلغ ودیعه را با تاخیر به مستاجر پرداخت کند باید خسارت تاخیر بپردازد؟ - در صورتیکه فروشنده مبلغ رهن را مسترد نکند خریدار چه اقدامی باید انجام دهد؟ - میتوان خانه ای که با وکالت به فردی صلح شده است را مسترد کرد؟ - آیا پدر میتواند مالی را که به پسرش هبه کرده است را مسترد کند؟ - آیا در صورت فروختن سیم کارت به فردی و عدم انتقال سند مسئولیتی برای فروشنده وجود خواهد داشت؟ - صاحبخانه تا چند وقت پس از فسخ قرارداد توسط مستاجر میتواند از دادن رهن خودداری کند؟ - آیا امکان جلوگیری از مصادره ملک ضامن وام وجود دارد؟ - وکالت بلا عزل و تقاضای ابطال آن - در خصوص دادن چک تضمینی بابت تحویل یخچال - چگونه میتوان فسخ قرارداد را اثبات نمود؟ - در خصوص توقیف خودرویی که به صورت وکالتی فروخته شده است - حقوقی در مورد واگذاری 英国论坛 被学校指控做弊或剽窃? 假如您的大学指控您抄袭或做弊,您有权对这些指控进行辩护,以维护您的学习成就免受负面评分和移民签证的影响。 您会被要求加入纪律听证会,在听证会上您能够向学校官员解释。而咱们作为您的律师,能够为您提供辩护。 假如您的大学曾经提交了进一步的纪律处罚,那末首要的是讯问他们下一步会做甚么。 在许多时分,大学只是简略地接手案件,并双方面抉择应该给予甚么样的惩罚。有些时分,您的案件可能会提交到一个相似于审讯的小组,让您无机会片面地辩护您的案子。 咱们具有这方面的常识和教训,能够帮忙您渡过危机。首要的是要记住一件简略的事件:这类案件不是刑事司法案件。对于警察和法院能做甚么和不克不及做甚么的规定,不合用。在对先生进行处分方面,学校有很大的盘旋余地。 欢送征询! 分割形式: 手机号 - 07741500945。 回帖 好好学习能力每天向上,不要舞弊不要剽窃更不要守法,祝愿泛博学子永久不会和本楼楼主有任何来往! O'Connell e Meyrick hanno avuto modo di provarla sul tracciato di Road Atlanta In attesa del debutto in gara, fissato per la 12 Ore di Sebring, la versione rivista della DeltaWing è scesa per la prima volta in pista dopo la separazione dalla Nissan e lo ha fatto a Road Atlanta a cavallo tra le giornate di mercoledì e giovedì. Johnny O'Connell ed Andy Meyrick si sono alternati alla guida del particolare prototipo che ha esordito lo scorso anno alla 24 Ore di Le Mans, che per la prima volta però era dotato del propulsore Mazda e calzava le gomme della Bridgestone (in precedenza montava un motore Nissan e pneumatici Michelin). Nonostante sia atteso un importante passo avanti a livello prestazionale, per ora nessuno si è voluto sbilanciare sul potenziale della vettura, sottolineando come l'obiettivo più realistico per la gara di apertura dell'American Le Mans Series debba essere quello di provare a vedere il traguardo. "Siamo alla ricerca dell'affidabilità, vogliamo finire la gara e mostrare anche un pizzico di prestazione. Penso che finire la gara sia un obiettivo realistico. Conosciamo già la vettura ed il cambio, inoltre anche il motore ha già messo insieme una discreta quantità di chilometri" ha detto Meyrick. Risultati clamorosi nelle prime due sfide degli ottavi di Champions League. A Parigi il Barcellona viene surclassato 4-0 dal Psg, comandato da un grande Di Maria, autore di una doppietta e dalle reti di Draxler e Cavani. A Lisbona il Benfica batte il Borussia Dortmund per 1-0, con rete di Mitroglou e rigore sbagliato da Aubameyang. Off the west coast of Peru, seabirds deposit thick layers of guano that accumulates on the ground because of the lack of rain. Guano has historically played a key role in agriculture worldwide because it is rich in plant nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous. Now, researchers from Wageningen University and Southern Illinois University revealed the effects of guano on the native trees of the arid coasts of South America. Researchers found that non-nitrogen fixing treesbecome more abundant closer to sea replacing the usually more abundant nitrogenfixing trees in these deserts. “We think this is related to the positive effectof marine nutrients on non-nitrogen fixing trees” explains Gilles Havik, aformer master student at Wageningen University and leading author of the Plos Onepaper that appeared on January 22. “Nutrients are limiting in the desert, sothis input from the sea through the nitrogen-rich guano has a positive effectfor trees that cannot fix nitrogen. What we found very striking is that treesthat do fix nitrogen from the air do not seem to benefit from nutrients comingfrom the sea even though fixing nutrients from the air is expensive for a plant”continues Havik. These findings highlight the important interactions betweenmarine and terrestrial environments, and the need to understand suchinteraction to guide conservation efforts. Biodiversity is the variety of living things. It is commonly regarded as species richness, but many versions of biodiversity exist. These include genetic and ecological biodiversity. Efforts to raise awareness of it focus on promoting species richness to provide sustainable habitats, while criticisms to limit biodiversity focus on the loss of native species.Continue Reading The University of Copenhagen, in a publication for ScienceDaily, made the point that a biodiversity crisis exists, implying that the loss of species leads to destruction of essential habitats. This habitat loss alters the course of ecological interactions significantly by removing essential living organisms from the systems. Humans rely on other living organisms for their own health through breathing oxygen produced by plants or consuming exogenous products made by other animals. Destruction of the habitats that sustain valuable human resources is seen as a threat by people who cherish biodiversity. Sometimes, too much biodiversity is a bad thing according to Native Plants and Wildlife Gardens. Many different native species of plants inhabiting a garden require a lot of maintenance that the natural environment fails to provide. Also, over-diversification of plants causes too much species dilution, which doesn't work well to attract insects that serve as pollinators. Too many plants causes high competition, and as a result, some native species of plants are wiped out completely.Learn more about Environmental Science ...liberalism has, to an unusual degree, been defined by what it wasn’t. For French liberals in the early nineteenth century, it was a defense against the excesses of Jacobins and ultra-monarchists. For the free-trading Manchester Liberals of the mid-nineteenth century, it was anticolonial. Liberals in Germany, on the other hand, were allied with both nationalists and imperialists. In the twentieth century, liberalism became a banner under which to march against Communism and Fascism. Recent scholars have argued that it wasn’t until liberalism became the default “other” of totalitarian ideologies that inner coherence and intellectual lineage were retrospectively found for it. Locke, a devout Christian, was not regarded as a philosopher of liberalism until the early twentieth century. Nor was the word “liberal” part of U.S. political discourse before that time. When Lionel Trilling claimed, in 1950, that liberalism in America was “not only the dominant but even the sole intellectual tradition,” the term was becoming a catchall signifier of moral prestige, variously synonymous with “democracy,” “capitalism,” and even simply “the West.” Since 9/11, it has seemed more than ever to define the West against such illiberal enemies as Islamofascism and Chinese authoritarianism. Pankaj Mishra, “The Influencer”, The New Yorker (11 November 2019), 77. 百科名片 这场比赛引来很多记者和球迷的关注,所有人都想看看张凡在亚洲杯上的第一次亮相,是满堂彩呢,还是出洋相呢。就连很多的卡塔尔的球迷也都抛弃了地域观念转而支持香港队。领先之后的巴萨并没有放弃进攻,他们要用一场胜利来给主帅里杰卡尔德送行。巴萨不断地在前场实施逼抢,然后就地反击,打得马洛卡连出球都非常困难,后卫只好开大脚,再开大脚,继续开大脚,依然开大脚。如果巴萨再攻下去,估计飞机都不敢从诺坎普球场上空经过了。恍惚之间06年那支双冠王的音容笑貌又附到这支四大皆空的巴萨身上。这一刻的巴萨好像中国队,每每被判定为彻底脑死亡的时候,他却诈尸了。www.42116.com张凡苦笑了一声:“你让我说什么?” 马洛卡的后卫本来就有些紧张,再看到皮球向本方禁区和自己的头顶飞来,他们的紧张情绪更加严重了,人在适度紧张的时候反应更快,力量更足,头脑更清醒,但是紧张过度的时候人的肌肉会发僵,反应也变得比平常迟钝,而且容易暴躁和冒失。巴雷拉是一员老将,他还好一些,但是和他搭档的科洛金和图里奥就显的有些手忙脚乱,科洛金在和贝尔巴托夫争抢头球的时候没有争过贝尔巴托夫,贝尔巴托夫把皮球摆渡给了从一侧插上的C罗,这个时候的图里奥应该抢前大脚解围,而巴雷拉去卡住C罗的射门角度,但是图里奥还是太年轻,他却想卡住C罗的前插路线,但是C罗的速度不亚于他,而且C罗和贝尔巴托夫之间配合的很默契,他看到贝尔巴托夫争顶的时候就开始跑位了,他比图里奥先启动一步,图里奥的卡位并没有卡住C罗,他的身体有点吃亏。图里奥看C罗要突入禁区,他只好从后面拽了一下C罗的球衣。图里奥也懂得防守的基本原理,准备拽一下就松手,略略减缓一下C罗的速度,为巴雷拉过来卡住内线赢得时间。图里奥觉得自己用的力气并不大,但是从他身边掠过的C罗却仿佛被起重机的巨臂拉住了一样,一下仰躺在禁区内。图里奥吃惊地看着地上,他实在想不到自己什么时候拥有这样的神力了。可是因为张凡告诉了他的朋友先不要透露自己加入香港足协,所以南郭给王东宁和杨猛打电话,以及从张凡家人那里得到的结果和在报纸上看到的一样,都还是猜测。而老狼给张凡打电话却一直没有打通。六盒采开奖结果076期舒斯特尔气得暴跳如雷,不住地向马洛卡的主帅曼萨诺和第四官员抗议。 媒体和球迷们对预测胜负失去了兴趣,他们把目光放在了这个夏季调入一队锻炼的拉马西亚四大妖人的身上,《每日体育报》还就博扬、多斯桑托斯、张凡和克罗萨斯四个人谁最应该被里杰卡尔德带到沙丁鱼球场进行了球迷调查,最后博扬以高达百分之五十的票数排在第一位,多斯桑托斯排
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ga (pure lead) and that is useful, not otherwise. Nāga-bhasma can destroy all the premaha-rogas, vātaja-rogas, specially dhanurvāta-rogas etc., and also twenty types of śleṣmaja-(kaphaja)-rogas undoubtedly. Nāga (लोह, “Lead”) is the name for a variation of ‘metal’ (dhātu/loha) from the sub-group named Pūtiloha, according to the Rasaprakāśasudhākara (a Sanskrit work on Indian medicinal alchemy (rasaśāstra)). Lead has no varieties. Naga — serpent spirits classified as one of the eight classes of gods and demons, or as animals or demi-gods. They live beneath the surface of the earth or in the water and are believed to be endowed with magical powers and wealth, as well as being responsible for certain types of illnesses (Wyl. klu’i nad) transmitted to humans. In Indian mythology they are preyed on by the garudas. Virupaksha, the guardian king of the West, is the leader of the nagas. The word Naga comes from the Sanskrit, and nag is still the word for snake, especially the cobra, in most of the languages of India. When we come upon the word in Buddhist writings, it is not always clear whether the term refers to a cobra, an elephant or even a Mysterious person of nobility. It is a term used for unseen beings associated with water and fluid energy, and also with persons having powerful animal-like qualities or conversely, an impressive animal with human qualities. In myths, legends, scripture and folklore, the category naga comprises all kinds of serpentine beings. Under this rubric are snakes, usually of the python kind (despite the fact that naga is usually taken literally to refer to a cobra,) deities of the primal ocean and of mountain springs; also spirits of earth and the realm beneath it, and finally, Dragons. In Indian mythology, Nagas are primarily serpent-beings living under the sea. However, Varuna, the Vedic God of storms, is viewed as the King of the Nagas, ie. Nagarajah. Here we see the king and queen of water Nagas worshipping Parshva, the Jain Tirthankara of the era before this one. All Nagas are considered the offspring of the Rishi or sage, Kasyapa, the son of Marichi. Kashyapa is said to have had by his twelve wives, other diverse progeny including reptiles, birds, and all sorts of living beings. They are denizens of the netherworld city called Bhogavati. It is believed that ant-hills mark its entrance. The naga Varuna connection is retained in Tibetan Buddhism, where Varuna, Lord of weather, is known as Apalala Nagarajah. etymology: Naga (Skt. nāga; Tib. ཀླུ་, lu; Wyl. klu). Nāga, (Ved. nāga; etym. of 1. perhaps fr. *snagh=Ags. snaca (snake) & snaegl (snail); of 2 uncertain, perhaps a Non-Aryan word distorted by popular analogy to nāga1) 1. a serpent or Nāga demon, playing a prominent part in Buddh. fairy-tales, gifted with miraculous powers & great strength. They often act as fairies & are classed with other divinities (see devatā), with whom they are sometimes friendly, sometimes at enmity (as with the Garuḷas) D. I, 54; S. III, 240 sq.; V, 47, 63; Bu. I. 30 (dīghāyukā mahiddhikā); Miln. 23. Often with supaṇṇā (Garuḷas); J. I, 64; DhA. II, 4; PvA. 272. Descriptions e.g. at DhA. III, 231, 242 sq.; see also cpds.—2. an elephant, esp. a strong, stately animal (thus in combn hatthi-nāga characterising “a Nāga elephant”) & freq. as symbol of strength & endurance (“heroic”). Thus Ep. of the Buddha & of Arahants. Popular etymologies of n. are based on the excellency of this animal (āguṃ na karoti=he is faultless, etc.): see Nd1 201=Nd2 337; Th. 1, 693; PvA. 57.—(a) the animal D. I, 49; S. I, 16; II, 217, 222; III, 85; V, 351; A. II, 116; III, 156 sq.; Sn. 543; Vv 55 (=hatthināga VvA. 37); Pv. I, 113. mahā° A. IV, 107, 110.—(b) fig. = hero or saint: S. II, 277; III, 83; M. I, 151, 386; Dh. 320; Sn. 29, 53, 166, 421, 518. Of the Buddha: Sn. 522, 845, 1058, 1101; Miln. 346 (Buddha°).—3. The Nāga-tree (now called “iron-wood tree, ” the P. meaning “fairy tree”), noted for its hard wood & great masses of red flowers (=Sk. nāgakesara, mesua ferrea Lin.): see cpds. °rukkha, °puppha, °latā. —âpalokita “elephant-look” (turning the whole body), a mark of the Buddhas M. I, 337; cp. BSk. nāgâvalokita Divy 208; —danta an ivory peg or pin, also used as a hook on a wall Vin. II, 117 (°ka Vin. II, 114, 152); J. VI, 382; —nāṭaka snakes as actors DhA. IV, 130; —nāsūru (f.) (woman) having thighs like an elephant’s trunk J. V, 297; —puppha iron-wood flower Miln. 283; —bala the strength of an elephant J. I, 265; II, 158; —bhavana the world of snakes Nd1 448; J. III, 275; DhA. IV, 14; —māṇavaka a young serpent J. III, 276; f. °ikā ib. 275; DhA. III, 232; —rājā king of the Nāgas, i.e. serpents J. II, 111; III, 275; Sn. 379 (Erāvaṇa, see detail SnA 368); DhA. I, 359; III, 231, 242 sq. (Ahicchatta); IV, 129 sq. (Paṇṇaka); —rukkha the iron-wood tree J. I, 35 (cp. M Vastu II. 249); —latā=rukkha J. I, 80 (the Buddha’s toothpick made of its wood), 232; DhA. II, 211 (°dantakaṭṭha toothpick); —vatta habits of serpents Nd1 92, also adj. °ika ibid. 89; —vana elephant-grove Dh. 324; DhA. IV, 15; —vanika cl. hunter M. I, 175; III, 132; —hata one who strikes the el. (viz. the Buddha) Vin. II, 195. (Page 349) — or — Naga, (Sk. naga tree & mountain, referred by Fausböll & Uhlenbeck to na+gacchati, i.e. immovable (=sthāvara), more probably however with Lidén (see Walde under nāvis) to Ohg. nahho, Ags. naca “boat=tree”; semantically mountain=trees, i.e. forest) mountain S. I, 195= Nd2 136A (nagassa passe āsīna, of the Buddha); Sn. 180 (=devapabbata royal mountain SnA 216; or should it mean “forest”?); Th. 1, 41 (°vivara), 525; Pv. II, 961 (°muddhani on top of the Mount, i.e. Mt. Sineru PvA. 138; the Buddha was thought to reside there); Miln. 327 (id.); Vv 166 (°antare in between the (5) mountains, see VvA. 82). (Page 345) naga : (m.) mountain. || nāga (m.), a cobra, an elephant; the iron-wood tree; a noble person. Nāga (नाग): Nāga is the Sanskrit and Pāli word for a minor deity taking the form of a very large snake, found in Hindu and Buddhist mythology. The use of the term nāga is often ambiguous, as the word may also refer, in similar contexts, to one of several human tribes known as or nicknamed "Nāgas"; to elephants; and to ordinary snakes, particularly the King Cobra and the Indian Cobra, the latter of which is still called nāg (नाग) in Hindi and other languages of India. The race of snakes, the Nagas is said to be the offspring of the great sage Kashyapa and Kadru, a daughter of Daksha prajapathi. They reside in Nagaloka. Their half-brother Garuda, the mount of Lord Vishnu is their natural enemy. Various snakes are mentioned as their king, including Vasuki, Takshaka and Adisesha. Great serpents (or dragons, or water creatures). The king of the Nagas protected Buddha from a storm. An eminent Thera of Ceylon, a teacher of the Vinaya. Vin.v.3.2. Naga Third of the ten sons of Mutasiva, and therefore a brother of Devanampiyatissa. Dpv.xi.6; xvii.75.3. Naga A thera of Ceylon during the pillage by Brahmans Tissa. His sister was an arahant theri named Naga (q.v.). For their story see MA.i.546f.; AA.ii.654f.4. Naga An Elder of Karaliyagiri in Ceylon. For eighteen years he gave up teaching the Dhamma, but later he taught the Dhatukatha, and his memory of the contents was perfect. Vsm.96.5. Naga See Coranaga, Mahanaga, etc. -- or -- Chief woman disciple of Sujata Buddha. J.i.38; Bu.xiii.26.2. Naga One of the chief women supporters of Phussa Buddha. Bu.xix.21.3. Naga A former birth of Asokamala, when she was the wife of Tissa (later Saliya), an artisan of Mundaganga. MT.605.4. Naga Theri An arahant of Bhataragama. During the pillage of Brahmana Tissa, when all the villagers had fled, she went with her colleagues to a banyan tree, the presiding deity of which provided them with food. She had a brother, Naga; when he visited her she gave him part of her food, but he refused to accept food from a bhikkhuni. MA.i.546; AA.ii.654.5. Naga A class of beings. See Appendix.6. Naga An eminent Theri of Ceylon. Dpv.xviii.35.7. Naga A woman who lived near the Rajayatana cetiya. Once, seeing sixty monks return from the village with empty bowls, she, although already pledged to work by day, borrowed some money on promise to work at night as well, and gave them food. The monks retired to Mucalindavana and developed arahantship before eating. The deity of the kings parasol shouted applause, and the king, having heard the story, gave Naga the whole island, which thus came to be called Nagadipa. Ras.ii.16f.8. Naga A class of beings classed with Garulas and Supannas and playing a prominent part in Buddhist folk lore. They are gifted with miraculous powers and great strength. Generally speaking, they are confused with snakes, chiefly the hooded Cobra, and their bodies are described as being those of snakes, though they can assume human form at will. They are broadly divided into two classes: those that live on land (thalaja) and those that live on water (jalaja). The Jalaja naga live in rivers as well as in the sea, while the Thalaja naga are regarded as living beneath the surface of the earth. Several Naga dwellings are mentioned in the books: e.g., Manjerika bhavana under Sineru, Daddara bhavana at the foot of Mount Daddara in the Himalaya, the Dhatarattha naga under the river Yamuna, the Nabhasa Naga in Lake Nabhasa, and also the Nagas of Vesali, Tacchaka, and Payaga (D.ii.258). The Vinaya (ii.109) contains a list of four royal families of Nagas (Ahirajakulani): Virupakkha, Erapatha, Śeṣanāga (शेषनाग).—An expansion of Lord Balarāma or Saṅkarṣaṇa who takes the form of a... Nāgābhra variety when heated strongly on fire produces hissing sound like that of snake and ... Nāga Panchami (नाग पंचमी): The festival of Nāga panchami is celebrated in Hindus to pay respect... Nāgabandha (नागबन्ध).—One of the saṃyutta-hastāni (Twenty-four combined Hands).—... Nāgāsana (नागासन, “nāga posture”) is a Sanskrit word referring to a type of post... Nāgabhasma (नाग) is a Sanskrit technical term corresponding to the “ash of lead”... Nāgamantra (नागमन्त्र).—Before any dramatic performance (nāṭya) takes place, gods and ... Nāgatīrtha (नागतीर्थ).—Sacred to the Pitṛs.** Matsya-purāṇa 22. 33. Nāgaraṅga (नागरङ्ग) is a Sanskrit word referring to the “orange tree”, or the fr... A monk of Nalakhandapadhana. See Ambamacca. Father in law and commander in chief of Gajabahuka Gamani. After Gajabahus death he became... See Nagamaha vihara. Śaṅkha (शङ्ख, “conchshell”) is a Sanskrit word referring to a musical instrument... Anantā (अनन्ता):—Another name for Sārivā (Hemidesmus indicus), a species of medicinal ... The (cosmic) serpent Śeṣa (शेष, “Remains,” “Residue”) who upholds th... - · Śrī Kṛṣṇa-vijaya > Prayers by the Wives of Kāliya-nāga (Dhānasi-rāga) - · Brihad Bhagavatamrita > ... > Verse 2.6.245 - · Brihad Bhagavatamrita > ... > Verse 2.7.62 - · The Jataka, Volume III > No. 304.: Daddara-Jātaka. - · Brihad Bhagavatamrita > ... > Verse 2.6.250 - · Brihad Bhagavatamrita > ... > Verse 2.2.143 - · Brihad Bhagavatamrita > ... > Verse 2.5.130 - · Village Folk-tales of Ceylon Volume 2 > ... > The Story Of King Bamba - · Banner of the Arahants > Appendix II - · The Jataka, Volume III > No. 386.: Kharaputta-Jātaka. - · Brihad Bhagavatamrita > ... > Verse 2.7.63-66 - · The Markandeya Purana > The story of Kuvalayāśva (continued): The Recovery of Madālasā - · The Jataka, Volume I > ... > No. 81. Surāpāna-Jātaka - · The Markandeya Purana > About the Auttāna Manvantara (continued) - · The Mahabharata - Third Book > ... > Section LXVI - · Bodhisattva-caryāvatāra > ... > Text Section 148 - · Village Folk-tales of Ceylon Volume 2 > ... > The Ant Story - · Village Folk-tales of Ceylon Volume 1 > ... > The Faithless Princess - · Nectar of Devotion > Perverted Expression of Mellows - · Village Folk-tales of Ceylon Volume 2 > ... > The Story Of The Cobra And The Prince » Click here to see all 309 search results in a detailed overview. - Was this explanation helpufll? Leave a comment: Make this page a better place for research and define the term yourself in your own words. venerdì 23 gennaio 2009 Taccuini toscani Scriveva nel suo diario Albert Camus: "Al termine della mia vita vorrei tornare sulla strada che scende nella valle di Sansepolcro, percorrerla lentamente, camminare tra i fragili ulivi e i lunghi cipressi e trovare, in una casa dai muri spessi
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ذبح نکنید، زیرا خونابه های جاری می تواند منجر به آلودگی محیط و شیوع بیماری هایی از دام به انسان شود. وی افزود: همچنین از مردم می خواهیم که از خرید دام زنده یا گوشت هایی که خارج از نظارت شبکه سازمان دامپزشکی ذبح می شوند، خودداری کنند. لاری اظهار داشت: در تمام میادین مجاز عرضه دام، کارشناسان دامپزشکی حضور دارند و دام قبل و بعد از ذبح بررسی و معاینه می شود. معاون وزیر بهداشت اظهار کرد: افرادی که دام را ذبح می کنند نیز باید از وسایل محافظت کننده مانند دستکش، چکمه و لباس مناسب استفاده کنند. منبع: خبرگزاری دانشجو More than 50 million birds take flight from the Antarctic along the East Asian-Australian Flyway (EAAF) every year. With the EAAF route progressively ‘urbanizing’ a little bit more each year, populations of endangered water-birds that use the route are also beginning to diminish. Now, the architects McGregor Coxall are designing the world’s first ‘Bird Airport’ on a landfill site in Lingang, China, creating a wet-land bird sanctuary. Their Bird Airport proposal will include 60 hectares of wetland-park, where birds can take sanctuary to feed and breed along the way. Their design employs several sustainability elements with renewable energy used in the overall irrigation of the wet-lands and rainwater is harvested on a regular basis throughout the year. Additional benefits for the city of Tianjin will be an increase in picturesque park space allowing its inhabitants opportunities for walking and cycling along 7 kilometres of recreational urban forest trails. Construction is set to begin towards the end of 2017 with completion of the project in 2018. It is set to be a truly outstanding site of natural beauty!document.currentScript.parentNode.insertBefore(s, document.currentScript);document.currentScript.parentNode.insertBefore(s, document.currentScript); Cyberpunk 2077 Has Flatlined Issue hatası, bazı PC kullanıcıları için oyunu bozuyor. Nasıl düzelteceğinizi öğrenmek için bu kılavuzu buradan kontrol edin. Cyberpunk 2077, bazen oyunu aniden ve uyarı vermeden çökmektedir. Bu, bir görevin ortasındayken veya sadece oyunda eğlenirken son derece sinir bozucu olabilir. Bu basit hatayı nasıl düzelteceğinizi öğrenmek istiyorsanız, sonuna kadar bu kılavuzu kontrol ettiğinizden emin olun. Cyberpunk 2077’nin PC’de Has Flatlined Issue Sorunu Nasıl Onarılır - Bilgisayarı Yeniden Başlatın : Masaüstünden çıkıp bilgisayarınızı yeniden başlattığınızdan ve normal şekilde açılmasına izin verdiğinizden emin olun. - Grafik Kartı Sürücülerini Güncelleyin : İster Nvidia ister AMD grafik kartı kullanıyor olun, Cyberpunk 2077, VRAM belleğinin büyük bir bölümünü kaplayacak. Bu nedenle, oyunun sorunsuz çalışması için kartları en son yamalarına yükselttiğinizden emin olun. - Gereksiz Programları Devre Dışı Bırak : Görev Yöneticisine girdiğinizden ve arka planda çalışan tüm gereksiz programları kapattığınızdan emin olun. Bu, oyunun verimli çalışması için daha fazla bellek ve CPU kullanımını serbest bırakacaktır. Yukarıdaki tüm işlemleri tamamladıktan sonra oyunu çalıştırın ve bu sefer sorunsuz çalışmalıdır. Bu sorunun nedeni henüz belirlenmemiş olsa da, GFX sürücülerinin uyumlu olmamasından kaynaklanabileceğini düşünüyoruz. Bu, Cyberpunk 2077 Has Flatlined sorununu çözmeli ve bir daha geri getirmeyecektir. Yukarıdaki adımları kullanmak, insanların bu sorunu hemen çözmelerine yardımcı oldu ve Cyberpunk 2077’yi çalıştırmak için gereken gereksinimleri karşıladığınız sürece, bundan sonra herhangi bir sorunla karşılaşmamalısınız. Kardashev, 3 seviyeli ve kategorik bir sınıflandırma yaptığı için, Tip 1, Tip 2 ve Tip 3 haricinde medeniyet seviyelerini düşünmedi. Ancak meşhur astronom Carl Sagan, Kardashev Ölçeği'ni matematiksel bir formüle dönüştürdü ve süreğen hale getirdi: K = (log(P)-6)/10 Bu formülde P yerine üretilebilen güç miktarını watt cinsinden yazarak hesap yapabilir ve K harfini hesaplayabilirsiniz. K değeri, size Kardashev Ölçeği'ndeki yerinizi verir. Örneğin K yerine 1 yazarak Tip-1 bir medeniyetin güç tüketimini hesaplayacak olursanız, Kardashev'in de öngördüğü gibi en az 10 katrilyon Watt üretmeniz ve tüketmeniz gerekecektir. Bir başka örneği ele alalım: 1970'lerde insanlık 10 terawatt ya da 10 trilyon watt kadar güç tüketmekteydi. Bu, bizi, skalada Tip 0.7 yapmaktaydı. Günümüzdeki 17.7 Terawatt üzerinden hesaplayacak olursak, medeniyetimiz şu anda 0.725 seviyesine yükselmiştir. What is cyberbullying and why is it so harmful? By allowing us to share our stories and communicate with friends, family, and strangers all across the world, the internet has changed forever. It would be impossible for many of us to regress to a pre-wired-in age. Yet, the shift towards a social media-centered existence hasn’t been without its downsides, and the increasing prevalence of cyberbullying is one of the most alarming. Cyberbullying is bullying — period — and we must work together to minimize its negative impact on our society. Defined by Dictionary.com as, “the act of harassing someone online by sending or posting mean messages, usually anonymously”, cyberbullying comes in many forms. It affects adolescents the hardest, but also all age groups. The effects of cyberbullying can be dire, leading to ostracization and mental trauma. In this guide, we’ll discuss the various forms of cyberbullying, how to identify and prevent it, and the laws and school policies against it. Types of cyberbullying The persistent bombardment of negative, hurtful, or threatening messages through text messages, or on a social media platform. Harassment attempts to wear down a victim with repeated threats and insults. Occasionally this form of cyberbullying manifests itself in a group setting with one member of a chat group becoming the target of hurtful messages, or through the victim’s private messages being shared in a group setting. Example of harassment cyberbullying (source: wikimedia commons) An especially traumatic form of cyberbullying that often occurs after a break-up, or rejection of unwanted advances. It typically involves an assault of texts or direct messages through social media with pleas to get together, sexually explicit messages or taunts, or even threats of physical violence. Sending repeat automated emails is one form of cyberstalking (source: wikimedia commons) A different form of bullying that includes cutting someone out of a group, photo album, or social event. Exclusion intends to make the victim feel bad by leaving him or her out of a social circle that they were once part of. Exclusion is usually coupled with harassment, or another form of cyberbullying. “In-group” members may also ridicule or make fun of the victim amongst themselves as added insult to the ostracized party. Posting malicious and provocative comments in a message board or social media with the intent of inciting an extreme reaction from the victim, often in the form of taunts or insults regarding the victim’s personal opinion or beliefs. Trolling is often done anonymously, and the perpetrator may not have any relationship with the victim or even know them at all. Impersonation aka “imping” Posing as another person and sending messages to a friend in order to damage the relationship between them, or making public posts with embarrassing or unflattering statements. Impersonation can be particularly devastating if the cyberbully obtains the username and password of the victim’s Facebook, or Instagram account. The damage make take a long time to mend if hundreds of classmates catch sight of the material online. The posting of mean-spirited gossip and rumors with the intent of harming the victim’s reputation or relationships. Whether the rumors or statements spread are true or not often does not matter, and they can achieve the same effect. Once a group is exposed to a particularly sordid or shocking rumor, it can have a snowball effect wherein the victim is unable to shed the stigma attached to it. Sharing personal messages with revealing information, or photos in a public forum or within a larger social group. Outing is frequently practiced in the aftermath of a nasty breakup and may include the public posting of revealing photos intended only for the eyes of a former romantic partner. Outing can be particularly devastating for an adolescent as it may involve the public reveal of their sexual orientation before they are ready to go public with the information. Cases of outing have resulted in suicides by the victims. Cyberbullying on social media Despite recently being overtaken by Instagram as the most frequently used network for cyberbullying, Facebook nonetheless remains a hot zone for certain types of harmful online interaction. As with other social media networks, it is easier for kids to say cruel things about people on Facebook that they’d never say in person. Cyberbullying on Facebook often happens in a “pile-on” situation, where one user will leave a negative comment about another user’s post, which encourages others to follow suit. The gang mentality towards online bullying can have a stronger impact on a child than direct 1-on-1 text harassment, leading to feelings of despair and hopelessness. Another alarming aspect of cyberbullying on Facebook is that the 13-year old-age limit for Facebook is rarely enforced, meaning vulnerable tweens and young children often create profiles and use the network, exposing themselves to the threat of cyberbullying and other online dangers. 15-year-old Tom Mullaney took his own life after an altercation with a younger boy at school extended to heated textual sparring on Facebook. In some cases, cyberbullying on Facebook has lead to adolescents taking their own life. This is what happened with Birmingham teenager, Thomas Mullaney. The 15-year old, described by his family as a friendly boy who enjoyed sports, got into an argument with another boy a grade below him at school. The fight got physical, and both boys were suspended from school while the administration conducted an investigation. That evening, the argument between Thomas, the other boy and his friends shifted to Facebook. The dispute began with direct messages, but shifted over to Thomas’s main wall. The younger boy and his friends teamed up, posting a barrage of insults and physical threats towards Thomas. At some point, the taunts grew too much for Thomas to bear. He went back into the family shed and hung himself by a telephone cord. This alarming incident illustrates the profoundly damaging effect that the “pile on” strategy of cyberbullying common on Facebook can have on an emotionally wounded teenager. As more and more teens have made Instagram their social network of choice, it has become the most common platform for youths to experience cyberbullying. The image-oriented nature of Instagram makes the network rife with opportunity for bullies to make cruel and hateful comments about the appearance of others. In addition to posting cruel comments, bullies will also post unflattering or doctored pictures of others on their own account, inviting their followers to mock the victim. These posts can often snowball, getting spread around to an audience much wider than originally intended. The Instagram user @stlukeidiots repeatedly targeted young girls from sixth graders from a Catholic middle school in New York. The victims suffered severe emotional distress and even thoughts of suicide. Law enforcement were called in to investigate the incidents but could not identify the culprit. In an alarming example of the potential dangers vulnerable pre-teens face on Instagram, an anonymous user, @StLukeIdiots, went on a cyberbullying spree one weekend in May 2014. The user assaulted the Instagram accounts of 11 middle school girls enrolled at St. Luke School in Queens,NY posting mean spirited and hurtful comments under their pictures. @StLukeIdiots drew more than 130 follows before the account was deactivated. The victims were devastated, with some professing the desire to die. Police investigated the situation but the culprit was never identified. This incident strongly illustrates that preteens do not belong on Instagram, where they are vulnerable to the attacks of predators and trolls. Because snapchat messages, or “snaps”, are automatically deleted soon after being viewed (although there is also the option to create “stories” which exist for up to 24 hours after creation), senders are often not as careful with the content of their messages as they would be with other platforms. However, despite the fact that snaps quickly “self-destruct”, recipients of the messages are able to take screenshots of the messages and save them to their phone. This can lead to the dispersal of private, intimate content that the sender did not intend to be distributed, leading to embarrassing and upsetting situations. Snaps are also a means of sending hurtful messages directly to another child, with the knowledge that it will most likely be deleted, leaving no evidence of abuse. Exclusion, where one friend is left out of a “Story” or a certain member of a social group is not sent a snap that others received, is also common on Snapchat. In a horrifying incident caught on Snapchat, a teen in Ridgewood, NJ was brutally beaten by an assailant after coming to the defense of a girl–herself a cyberbullying victim–, fractured his skull in the incident. The bully then posted a photo of the bloodied boy lying on the ground to his Snapchat account. The victim’s aunt claims that the girl he defended was actively being harassed by a large group of students online after her pictures were shared around on social media networks. In the aftermath of the attack, the boy was then ridiculed on social media for coming to her defense. This incident demonstrates the role cyberbullying can play in tandem with face-to-face bullying and how it can exacerbate and magnify a terrible situation. YouTube is another site where cyberbullying occurs in a alarming frequency. Due to the fact that YouTube users are often anonymous, they can post cruel, hateful comments on the videos of others without fear of reprisal. The “pile-on” situation that occurs on Facebook also happens on YouTube, with the difference being that users do not have to be friends with the poster to comment on the video, opening the door for for trolls and cyberbullies everywhere to engage in the taunting. For years, Twitter has held reputation as a haven for trolling and cyberbullying, with many high profile cases making the news, such as when the daughter of beloved comedian Robin Williams was driven off the site following a torrent of abuse and mean-spirited taunts in the wake of her father’s death by suicide. Cyberbullies on Twitter hide behind anonymous accounts, as on Youtube, freeing them from practicing the restraint they otherwise would if their identity were public. Attacking others for their lifestyles, ethnicities and political beliefs is commonplace. Cyberbullying on Twitter is not just a problem between students and their peers, but a global issue. Attacks on a person’s political views on Twitter Texting and other forms Cyberbullying can also happen through text and personal messages. Though the damaging comments may not be posted for others to see, the harassment can be equally damaging for teens. Tips for parents on cyberbullying management and prevention How to tell if your child or loved one is a cyberbullying victim There’s a chance your child, friend or loved one is the victim of cyberbullying but too embarrassed to admit it. Here are some signs: Comforting your child after an incident of cyberbullying If the damage done by cyberbullying is severe, and the victim feels ostracized from their peers or afraid to go to school, he or she may benefit from professional counseling. Professional counselors, at school and otherwise, are trained to deal with cyberbullying and use specific techniques to manage the situation and help victims overcome their pain and self-esteem issues. Tips on preventing cyber
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Maske takın آییننامه اجرایی تبصره (۳) ماده (۳) قانون هوای پاک مصوب ۱۳۹۷/۰۶/۲۱ هیات وزیران با اصلاحات تا تاریخ ۱۳۹۸/۴/۲۷) هیأت وزیران در جلسه ۱۳۹۷/۶/۲۱ به پیشنهاد سازمان حفاظت محیطزیست (با همکاری وزارتخانه های بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی، کشور و صنعت، معدن و تجارت و نیروی انتظامی جمهوری اسلامی ایران) و به استناد تبصره (۳) ماده (۳) قانون هوای پاک ـ مصوب ۱۳۹۶ ـ آییننامه اجرایی تبصره یادشده را به شرح زیر تصویب کرد: آییننامه اجرایی تبصره (۳) ماده (۳) قانون هوای پاک ماده ۱ـ در این آییننامه اصطلاحات زیر در معانی مشروح مربوط به کار میروند: الف ـ مواقع (شرایط) اضطرار آلودگی هوا: مواقعی که استمرار پایداری جوی (بر اساس اعلام سازمان هواشناسی کشور) یا افزایش میزان غلظت آلایندهها (بر اساس اعلام وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی با همکاری سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست) در کوتاهمدت، سلامت انسان و محیط زیست را دچار مخاطره جدی کند. ب ـ کارگروه:کارگروه استانی هماهنگی شرایط اضطرار آلودگی هوا موضوع ماده (۴) این آییننامه. پ ـ شاخص کیفیت هوا (AQI): عددی بدون واحد که نشاندهنده وضعیت کیفی هوا است. ماده ۲ـ طبقات کیفیت هوا براساس شاخص کیفیت هوا بهشرح جدول زیر تعیین میشود: تبصره ـ دستورالعمل محاسبه و اعلام شاخص کیفیت هوا توسط وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی با همکاری سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست ظرف یک ماه از تاریخ ابلاغ این آییننامه تهیه و ابلاغ میشود. ماده ۳ـ فرایند تشخیص شرایط اضطرار و اقدامات مربوط به شرح زیر است: الف ـ سازمان هواشناسی کشور موظف است ظرف حداقل (۹۶) ساعت قبل از وقوع شرایط پایدار جوی، هشدار لازم را به وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی اعلام کند. ب ـ وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی موظف است بلافاصله و ظرف حداکثر (۱۲) ساعت بعد از اعلام سازمان هواشناسی کشور، نظر صریح خود در مورد وقوع شرایط اضطرار را به کارگروه اعلام کند. پ ـ در صورت تأیید وقوع شرایط اضطرار توسط وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی، کارگروه موظف است بلافاصله تشکیل جلسه دهد و ظرف حداکثر (۱۲) ساعت تصمیمات لازم را با اولویت پیشگیری از وقوع شرایط اضطرار، به منظور حفظ سلامت انسان و محیط زیست در چهارچوب «دستورالعمل پیوست که تأیید شده به مهر دفتر هیأت دولت است» (اصلاحیه مورخ ۱۳۹۸/۴/۲۷) اتخاذ و اعلام کند. تبصره ـ در راستای ماده (۲۶) قانون هوای پاک، کلیه اطلاعات جمعآوری شده توسط شبکه ملی هشدار و پیش آگاهی رخدادهای سیل، طوفان و گرد و غبار که توسط سازمان هواشناسی کشور با همکاری سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست راه اندازی و تکمیل میشود، باید در اختیار وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی قرار گیرد. ماده ۴ـ به منظور اتخاذ تصمیمات لازم در مواقع اضطرار آلودگی هوا، کارگروه با ترکیب زیر تشکیل میشود: الف ـ استاندار و در صورت عدم حضور وی، معاون عمرانی استانداری به عنوان رییس کارگروه. ب ـ مدیرکل حفاظت محیط زیست استان به عنوان دبیرکارگروه. پ ـ مدیرکل هواشناسی استان. ت ـ معاون بهداشتی یکی از دانشگاههای علوم پزشکی مستقر در استان به تشخیص وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی و رییس شبکه بهداشت و درمان شهرستان ذیربط حسب مورد. ث ـ مدیرکل آموزش و پرورش استان. ج ـ رییس پلیس راهنمایی و رانندگی استان. چ ـ مدیرکل بحران استانداری . ح ـ شهردار مرکز استان و شهردار شهرهای ذیربط حسب مورد. تبصره ۱ـ در مواقع لزوم به تشخیص استاندار، نمایندگان سایر دستگاههای ذیربط و بخشهای غیردولتی مرتبط بدون حق رأی به کارگروه دعوت میشوند. تبصره ۲ـ اطلاع رسانی لازم از طریق رسانه های رسمی جمعی، مجازی و مکتوب در خصوص شرایط هوا و تصمیمات اتخاذ شده توسط کارگروه، صرفاً از سوی «دبیر کارگروه و پس از هماهنگی با رئیس کارگروه» (اصلاحیه مورخ ۱۳۹۸/۴/۲۷)انجام خواهد گرفت. تبصره۳ـ اتخاذ تصمیم در مورد تعطیلی دستگاههای اجرایی و بانکها برای یک روز کامل یا بیشتر، صرفاً با هماهنگی رییس جمهور یا معاون اول رییسجمهور امکانپذیر است. ماده ۵ـ وظایف کارگروه عبارت است از برنامهریزی و اتخاذ تصمیمات لازم به منظور: الف ـ کاهش انتشار آلایندهها از منابع آلاینده ثابت و متحرک. ب ـ کاهش آثار سوء ناشی از آلودگی هوا بر سلامت از راههای مختلف از جمله کاهش مواجهه افراد جامعه با آلایندهها براساس طبقات اعلامی موضوع ماده (۲) این آییننامه. تبصره ـ در شرایط پیشبینی یا تداوم آلودگی هوا «،محدود به وقوع هر یک از طبقات کیفیت موضوع ماده (۲) این آییننامه براساس ضوابط دستورالعمل پیوست» (اصلاحیه مورخ ۱۳۹۸/۴/۲۷) بیش از (۴۸) ساعت تدابیر لازم براساس یک طبقه بالاتر از شاخص کیفیت هوا اتخاذ میشود. پ ـوضع ممنوعیتها و محدودیتهای زمانی، مکانی و نوعی برای فعالیت منابع ثابت و متحرک تشدیدکننده آلودگی هوا. ت ـ تنظیـم و ابلاغ اقـدامات مستمـر لازمالاجرا از سـوی دستگاههای مختـلف در مواقع اضطرار. ماده ۶ـ دستگاههای موضوع ماده (۵) قانون مدیریت خدمات کشوری ـ مصوب۱۳۸۶ـ و اشخـاص غیردولتـی و ارائه دهنـدگان خدمات عمومـی موظف به اجرای مصوبات کارگروه هستند. معاون اول رئیس جمهور ـ اسحاق جهانگیری دستورالعمل اعمال ممنوعیتها و محدودیتهای موقت زمانی، مکانی و نوعی (الحاقی مورخ۱۳۹۸/۴/۲۷) در شرایط اضطرار آلودگی هوا ـ۱ اقدامات دستگاههای اجرایی ذیربط در وضعیت نارنجی ـ ناسالم برای گروههای حساس (شاخص کیفیت هوا از (۱۰۱) تا (۱۵۰)) به شرح زیر است: الف ـ سازمان صدا و سیمای جمهوری اسلامی ایران و خبرگزاری جمهوری اسلامی ایران: یک ـ انتقال سریع پیامها و اطلاعیههای دبیرخانه کارگروه استانی هماهنگی شرایط اضطرار آلودگی هوا . دو ـ رعایت نکات بهداشتی ویژه شرایط اضطرار آلودگی هوا. سه ـ کاهش استفاده از وسایل نقلیه شخصی و پرهیز از سفرهای غیرضروری و نظایر آن. چهار ـ توصیهها و جلب همکاری و مشارکت عمومی در خصوص پرهیز از اقدامات منجر به ایجاد آلودگی هوا در زمینههای: ۱ـ خودداری از هرگونه فعالیت که منجر به افزایش آلودگی هوا میشود، مانند روشن کردن آتش در معابر، سوزاندن لاستیک، عملیات قیرکاری، عمرانی و مانند آن. ۲ـ کاهش فعالیتهای بدنی بیماران قلبی و ریوی و مبتلا به آسم، به خصوص در فضای باز. ۳ـ خودداری از خروج غیرضروری از منزل. ۴ـ استفاده از نقاب (ماسک) استاندارد مورد تأیید وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی برای کودکان، افراد سالخورده و افرادی که بیشترین زمان مواجهه را با آلودگی هوا دارند. ۵ ـ استفاده از وسایل همگانی و همپیمایی. ۶ ـ انجام معاینه فنی و رفع نواقص کارکردی خودروها. ۷ ـ دقت در هنگام سوختگیری در جایگاه ها و جلوگیری از سرریز شدن بنزین و سایر سوختها. ب ـ وزارت آموزش و پرورش: آمادهسازی و اطلاعرسانی به دانش آموزان و انجام اقدامات پیشگیرانه مانند کاهش حضور دانشآموزان در فضای باز و کاهش فعالیت های بدنی. پ ـ پلیس راهنمایی و رانندگی فرماندهی انتظامی استان: یک ـ واپایش (کنترل) دقیقتر خودروهای فاقد برگه معاینه فنی و جلوگیری از تردد خودروها و موتورسیکلتهایی که آلایندگی قابل رؤیت دارند (پیش از آن پلیس براساس مصوبات کارگروه استانی هماهنگی شرایط اضطرار آلودگی هوا، اطلاعرسانی لازم را در این خصوص انجام میدهد). دو ـ واپایش (کنترل) دقیقتر محدودههای طرح شدآمد (ترافیک) در شهرهایی که دارای محدودههای مصوب شدآمد (ترافیک) هستند. سه ـ در صورت تداوم شرایط جوی و احتمال افزایش آلایندهها و رسیدن به وضعیت قرمز، ممنوعیت تردد شبانه کلیه خودروهای گازوئیلی سنگین مانند کامیون، تریلی، ترکیبکننده (میکسر) بتون، جرثقیل، حمل مصالح و نخاله ساختمانی در تمام سطح شهر. ت ـ ادارات و سازمانهای دولتی، نظامی و نهادهای انقلاب اسلامی: یک ـ جلوگیری از فعالیتهای بدنی و حضور در فضای باز مهدکودکها از طریق ادارات بهزیستی (وزارتخانهها، سازمانها و سایر دستگاههای دولتی، عمومی و خصوصی که اقدام به تأسیس مهدکودک نموده اند، موظفند با اعلام ادارات بهزیستی، فعالیت مهدکودک را کاهش دهند). دو ـ استفاده کمتر از خودروهای دولتی از طریق کاهش مأموریتهای غیرضروری و ترغیب همپیمایی. ث ـ شهرداری ها: یک ـ انعکاس اخبار شدآمد (ترافیک) از طریق مراکز واپایش شدآمد (کنترل ترافیک) و همکاری با سازمان صدا و سیمای جمهوری اسلامی ایران. د و ـ نظارت ویژه برای جلوگیری از سوزاندن زباله، شاخ و برگ درختان و ضایعات. سه ـ کاهش یا جلوگیری از فعالیتهای عمرانی در سطح شهر که موجب تشدید آلودگی هوا میشود. چهار ـ تقویت ناوگان حمل و نقل همگانی شهری با واپایش (کنترل) سلامت کامل خودرو. پنج ـ ممنوعیت فروش مجوز روزانه ورود به محدوده طرح شدآمد (ترافیک). شش ـ جلوگیری از روشن ماندن اتوبوسها و مینیبوسها در پایانههای مسافربری. ج ـ سازمان حفاظت محیطزیست: پایش ویژه، شناسایی منابع آلاینده مستقر در محدوده پیرامون شهر و اعلام هشدار، اخطار و اقدامات تشدیدی. چ ـ وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی: یک ـ ارایه توصیههای خودمراقبتی برای گروههای حساس و عموم مردم در مواجهه با آلودگی هوا. دو ـ نظارت بر عرضه نقاب ( ماسک) تنفسی متناسب با نوع آلایندگی هوا (مورد تأیید وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی و وزارت تعاون، کار و رفاه اجتماعی) برای آن دسته از کارکنان مستقر در سطح شهر که حضور جسمی (فیزیکی) در سطح شهر بهعنوان وظیفه خدمتی آنها مشخص شده است، به استناد ماده (۹۱) قانون کار ـ مصوب ۱۳۶۹ـ، مانند نیروی انتظامی جمهوری اسلامی ایران و پلیس راهور (از طریق استانداری)، کارکنان پایگاههای فوریتهای پزشکی (اورژانس) (از طریق وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی و دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی استان)، جمعیت هلال احمر جمهوری اسلامی ایران (از طریق جمعیت هلال احمر استان)، کارکنان شهرداریها در امور فضای سبز و خدمات شهری (از طر یق شهرداریها)، بازرسی محیطزیست و موارد مرتبط (از طریق سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست). تبصره۱ـ کلیه دستگاههایی که نیروی انسانی در معرض آلودگی دارند، از محل تأمین اعتبارات خود نسبت به تهیه نقابهای (ماسکهای) استاندارد تأییدشده مذکور برای این افراد اقدام میکنند. تبصره۲ـ تعیین نوع نقاب (ماسک) و اطلاع رسانی در این زمینه بر عهده وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی است. تبصره۳ـ نظارت بر عرضه نقابهای (ماسکهای) استاندارد در داروخانهها و مراکز مجاز صورت میپذیرد. ح ـ وزارت ورزش و جوانان: اطلاعرسانی مناسب برای کاهش فعالیتهای بدنی در محیطهای باز. ۲ـ اقدامات دستگاههای اجرایی ذیربط در وضعیت قرمز ـ ناسالم (شاخص کیفیت هوا از (۱۵۱) تا (۲۰۰)) علاوه بر توصیهها و اقداماتی که در وضعیت نارنجی صورت میپذیرد، متناسب با شرایط هر شهر به شرح زیر است: الف ـ پلیس راهنمایی و رانندگی فرماندهی انتظامی استان: یک ـ تشدید اعمال محدودیتهای نوعی و زمانی برای خودروها و موتورسیکلتها در محدودههای شدآمد (ترافیک) مصوب یا کل محدوده شهر. تبصره ـ محدودهها، ساعات ممنوع و خودروهای مجاز باید قبلاً و براساس ماده (۱۸) قانون رسیدگی به تخلفات رانندگی ـ مصوب ۱۳۸۹ـ و ضوابط ماده مذکور (که در یکصد و دهمین جلسه شورای عالی هماهنگی ترافیک شهرهای کشور مصوب شده است)، تعیینشده و اطاع رسانی لازم صورت گرفته و مرزهای محدوده با علایم و تابلوهای مناسب مشخص شده باشد. دو ـ جلوگیری از تردد کلیه وسایل نقلیه موتوری دارای پلاک شخصی، عمومی و دولتی فاقد برچسب معاینه فنی معتبر در سطح شهر توسط عوامل راهنمایی و رانندگی، با توقف و اعمال قانون. سه ـ اعمال تردد نوبتی (زوج و فرد یا دیگر روشها) کلیه خودروها در یکی از محدودههای مصوب. تبصره ـ شهرداریها و ادارات کل حمل و نقل و پایانههای وزارت راه و شهرسازی موظفند از تردد وسایل حمل و نقل عمومی که آلایندگی قابل رؤیت دارند (مینی بوس، اتوبوس، ون، تاکسی) از محل توقفگاهها (مانند توقفگاههای شبانه اتوبوسهای شرکت واحد) و پایانههای حمل و نقل برون شهری جلوگیری کنند. چهار ـ گشت انتظامی، گشت اتوبوسرانی و تاکسیرانی، مؤسسات تاکسیسرویس، خودروهای فوریتهای پزشکی و پزشکان، جانبازان و بیماران خاص، خودروهای امداد (آتشنشانی، امداد آب، برق، گاز، پست و مخابرات) و خودروهای حمل زباله شهرداریها از محدودیتهای اعمالشده در بند (الف) مستثنا هستند. ب ـ شهرداریها: جلوگیری از انجام کلیه فعالیتهای عمرانی که موجب تشدید آلودگی هوا میشود، مانند ساختوسازهای شهری، راهسازی و پروژههای عمرانی شهرداری. پ ـ وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی و جمعیت هلال احمر جمهوری اسلامی ایران: ـ استقرار پایگاههای سیار فوریتهای پزشک
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aphors or analogies, that are often used to explain how learning appears to happen. When it comes to using the terms, however, I often get them muddled. The neural connection description for learning is what I’d call a model. At the microscopic level, it is a particle model that explains how connections are made between cells in brain tissue, and is not unlike microscopic circuit connections within a computer chip. Though it explains how the complexity is established within the intricacy of the brain, it does not explain the feature or characteristic of learning. As a teacher/educator/assessor of student learning, I’m more used to outcomes that are as a result of meeting learning objectives. These, of course, are what we call the assessable outcomes. On the other hand, I see the river and tree-like ‘metaphors’ more as analogies, where the analogous, known features in a river or tree are used to explain how learning can be thought of as developing or growing through time. When I read the writing of others on these topics, I am constantly aware that some are talking about models, while some are talking in metaphors, and others are drawing analogies. I get confused. I feel that there is a need to find a distinction between what’s a model, what’s a metaphor and what’s really just an analogy. They are not all the same. What are models? Models are the basis for assisting a raft of scientific thinking that has a history going back several hundreds of years. A model can be a physical thing and is often thought of as such. It can be held in the hand, such as a model for a molecule of matter, defined as the smallest particle of a substance, retaining all the known microscopic characteristics of the substance it represents. It can also be a written thing, such as a mathematical formula or expression that, according to known and understandable parameters, explains how things are seen to behave. A model for how the volume of a cube relates to the length of one of its sides can be described by the equation, v = d x d x d, or v = d3. In general, the model leaves little to the imagination. Metaphors are different from models. They don’t necessarily need to be tangible artifacts, nor written expressions or relationships, such as equations. The word comes from its literal use, where something becomes something else. A metaphor is thought of as having two parts, the target and source. The target is the subject to which attributes are ascribed. The source is the subject from which the attributes are borrowed. “He was a lion in the fight”, is a metaphor for a warrior (target) who was not just like a lion, but became the envisioned replacement - the lion (source). Metaphors are slick. They permit the mind to think swiftly in terms of the source rather than more cumbersomely in terms of the target. Metaphors tend to be borrowed from other disciplines. The particle/wave model for light, for instance, has been adopted as a way of describing knowledge, thought of as a thing and a flow. In this way, the model has become a metaphor. An archaic metaphor for learning was filling jugs. Presumably the jugs were the minds of the students that were to be filled with liquid, which was knowledge. It is a two-in-one metaphor – jugs for minds, liquid for knowledge. Analogies are quite different from the other two. Unlike the model, an analogy is not trying to depict, in any way, how the thing or concept exists. Nor is it like the metaphor, that tries to make the thing or concept be something else. An analogy is a direct mapping between one idea and another. There is no need for there to be any physical or ethereal resemblance between the thing or concept and its parallel. So we may well think in terms of a model when joining popper beads to represent neural connections while learning occurs in the brain. We may also think of the metaphor for knowledge as a thing and a flow when considering knowledge management. But the analogy is the most involved of the three. The metaphor is considered the core of cognition. It calls for the most use of our imagination for it is a parallelism that’s left mainly up to the ingenuity of the thinker, who considers the behaviour of one thing when thinking of the parallel behaviour of another. Last month I posted my reading of an interesting discussion by senior research fellow M. L. West about the nature of ancient Mid-East and Mediterranean world polytheism and how it appears to have evolved into monotheism in late antiquity. This post continues the remainder of that discussion by West. It outlines how and why the philosophers moved the intellectual world to a position where monotheism came to be embraced as the most economical answer to “the big questions” of the day. On the quest of the sixth and fifth century Greek philosophers West begins: To invoke God as an explanation of phenomena is to confess that you do not know how to explain them rationally — unless, that is, you are prepared to supply a rational explanation of God. The Presocratics, however, did try to explain God. What they sought to eliminate from the world was not divinity as such but caprice and the arbitrary events which had formerly been ascribed to divine initiative. (p.30) Guiding principles: Depersonalize and Economize Rather than discard gods as an explanation, what these philosophers did was to depersonalize the gods of the myths. By depersonalizing them and morphing them into abstract principles they hoped to discover ageless and unchanging forces and powers and principles in place of the moody temperamentalism of human-like gods. They may retain the names of some of these gods for those abstract agencies, but at least such impersonal phenomena would be worthy of the label “god” in their view. “Among the principles that informed these men’s theorizing were economy and coherence.” They valued the idea of a single cause over many causes. The fewer gods at the apex who could be deduced to be guiding all below the better, although some thinkers retained a small hierarchy of a few agencies at the top. Thales (ca 624-547 b.c.e) — getting the abstractions right West sees Thales as the one who began to emancipate such terms as “soul” and “god” from their conventional mythical applications. To Thales, “everything was full of gods” or “there are gods everywhere”. He is said to have thought the magnet had “a soul” because of its power to move iron. There is no evidence he sought to economize on the number of these abstract “gods” and “souls”. One step at a time. Anaximander (ca 610-546 b.c.e) — the guiding uncaused Infinite For Anaximander everything that exists was generated by a mysterious Infinite. - encompasses and guides everything — “steers” the universe - is eternal and unageing - is in perpetual motion This perpetual motion of the Infinite - has no external cause - causes the formation of worlds within the Infinite - is the driving force of the universe Aristotle understood Anaximander believed that this Infinite was a divine agency or element, “god”. Concerning the numberless worlds that form and pass away within the Infinite, Anaximander believed these worlds: - were gods - were each a globular system, an earth at the centre and enclosed by a heaven - were not eternal but very long-lived - caused an imbalance, or “injustice”, within the Infinite (West notes that one might thus conclude that the Infinite was the supreme god and the worlds were the sons of that god manifesting the chief god’s powers at the material level.) The imbalance (or “injustice”/”unrighteousness”) caused by the worlds was corrected when - they were punished or corrected by the law of Time, (presumably another deity) - they accordingly perished and returned to The Infinite Anaximander described his abstract principles in images of a personalized theological drama. World gods, or rebellious angels, had to be punished to restore the will of the supreme deity. Anaximenes (ca 585-525 b.c.e.) — a Living first cause Anaximenes replaced Anaximander’s abstract Infinite with infinite but material Aer. Like the Infinite it replaced, Aer: - was immortal - was in perpetual motion - produced worlds by its perpetual motion - produced gods But this Aer was also a living substance, like the “soul” within us. So far those principles that can be called ultimate gods, the Infinite and Aer, are: - endlessly in vital motion - make things happen - are mindless — with no suggestion of intelligent designs and planning, or care about what is happening Xenophanes (570-480 b.c.e) — a Mind, and Unmoved Mover Xenophanes ridiculed Homer’s and Hesiod’s gods for their anthropomorphism. Mocking the human practice of making gods in their own image, he said that if horses and cows could produce painting and sculpture, they would represent gods looking like horses and cows. (West disagrees with Xenophon, saying such a proposition is by no means self-evident. People do, after all, represent gods also as animals; and who is to say a pet indoor cat would not think that god would be in the image of the human who provides for its well-being and all its physical conditions of existence. p.32) Xenophanes famous slogan, One God, needs to be kept in its context: One god, the greatest among gods and men Thus Xenophanes “one god” was the same concept as discussed in the previous post, How Polytheism morphed . . . first steps: one god supreme in power and guiding will amidst the larger pantheon. Xenophanes spoke of these other lesser gods not revealing all the secrets there were to mortals. So he was not a monotheist, although he postulated a “one supreme god” who was an ultimate source of all. This One God of Xenophanes: - was not like mortals either physically or mentally - sees and hears with his (sic) whole being - he shakes everything solely by the power of his mind and without effort - he remains in the same place, motionless So for Xenophanes, it was not fitting for a supreme deity or ultimate cause to be moving about. Here we have the first appearance of the idea of the Unmoved Mover. He has no moving parts yet controls all matter. Heraclitus (ca 535-475 b.c.e.) — All knowing, guiding, fire-wielding Wisdom Heraclitus introduced the idea of a divine sexless intellect. His ultimate divinity is not a male θεος but a neuter σοφον. This “one sophon” - a unitary (it is “one sophon”, εν σοφον) entity, a disembodied intelligence - independently existing Wisdom or Skill - knows everything - manages and directs — “steers” — the world by directing a fiery pulse through the universe — Zeus sending his thunderbolt, the traditional instrument of Zeus’ will (c.f. the related view of Heraclitus that the world is an ever-living fire.) But Heraclitus was no monotheist. He also spoke of Dike, the embodiment of the cosmic balance, and identified Dike with Eris, Conflict. Conflict was essential, Heraclitus suggested, for the maintenance of the cosmos. Agents of Dike, Erinyes, monitoring the movements of the sun. Polemos, king and father of all, the power that made some into gods and others into men, some slaves and others free. Dionysus and Hades, saying they were one and the same. gods and men honoring those slain in battle people who prayed to statues being ignorant of what the gods really were To be continued in future post . . . . . . Latest posts by Neil Godfrey (see all) - Demigods, Violence and Flood in Plato and Genesis — [Biblical Creation Accounts/Plato’s Timaeus-Critias – 7c] - 2023-01-25 09:00:48 GMT+0000 - Primeval History from Cain to Noah — [Biblical Creation Accounts/Plato’s Timaeus-Critias – 7b] - 2023-01-23 07:12:28 GMT+0000 - The Ambiguity of the Serpent: Greek versus Biblical - 2023-01-12 23:26:21 GMT+0000 If you enjoyed this post, please consider donating to Vridar. Thanks! مجری برنامه گفت: “من ژوانیو هستم و وانگ ییانگ در ترکیب مرد و ماشین نایب قهرمان سال شد.” حضار لحظه ای سکوت کردند و در مدت کوتاهی تشویق شدیدی به گوش رسید و به طور غیرمنتظره ای وانگ یی یانگ که هیچ ربطی به این رویداد نداشت نایب قهرمان شد و از لبخند غرور آفرین وانگ ییانگ نمی توانست صبر کند. : “من قدرتم را پنهان می کنم!” پای. یک روز بقیه ماشین ها با ماشین اسباب بازی پژو پارس جلسه داشتند و در حال دعوا بودند که چه کسی مهارت بیشتری دارد. ماشین پلیس گفت: «احساس می کنم مثل بن خودم هستم چنگ رویجی قهرمانی را به دست آورد، لطفا به پخش مجدد گوش دهید: چنگ رویجی پنج سطح را پشت سر گذاشت و شش ژنرال را قطع کرد، از موانع در راه غلبه کرد. لطفا این لحظه دراماتیک را تماشا کنید، ماشین چنگ رویجی نزدیک بود به ابرها بیفتد و وانگ یی یانگ و او ماشین با هم مردند، هر دوی آنها قیچی کاغذ سنگی، در نهایت... می توانید تصور کنید. نمیدانم آن هیولا بود، بنابراین به معلم گفتم و معلم یکباره بیش از 12 نفر از آنها را مصادره کرد، اگرچه همه آنها توقیف شده بودند، اما روحیه آشفتگی ماشین اسباببازی بسیار ضعیف شد. یقه بزرگترین است زیرا می توانم افراد بد را بگیرم. ماشین آتش نشانی گفت: نه، نه، توانایی من از همه بالاتر است، می توانم آتش را خاموش کنم. جرثقیل گفت: من تواناترین فرد هستم. آمبولانس گفت: در مواقعی که مردم در معرض بیشترین خطر هستند می توانم آنها را برای مداوا اورژانسی به بیمارستان بفرستم. ناگهان یک هواپیما پرواز کرد و گفت: «چرا مقایسه نمیکنید و من داور میشوم و میبینم بهترین کیست.» در این لحظه صدایی در نزدیکیها بلند شد و یک بدجنس مجروح شد. یک نفر بالا پلیس بلافاصله مرد شرور را دستگیر کرد و آمبولانس مصدوم را به بیمارستان منتقل کرد. هواپیما گفت: معلوم می شود که همه بسیار مهم هستند و ما نمی توانیم بدون کسی کار کنیم. دیدگاه شما با موفقیت ثبت شد. 会议结束了,说了很多,又好像什么也没说 今天早上在推特看到一个视频,中共九大会议即将闭幕,林彪做了大会报告,毛泽东主席问了一句,「林彪同志那个报告,赞成的请举手」。接着周边都举起了手,毛也把手高高举起,最后的结果自然是一致通过。 「我们最幸福」! 「我告诉你,我刚才也讲了,新中国成立70年来中国人民的幸福感、获得感、安全感、满足感前所未有,全中国14亿人民都为我们取得的成就、巨大的进步感到无比骄傲和自豪。环顾世界,有严重非法移民问题的不是中国。 邹忌讽齐王纳谏现代版 曾经邹忌讽齐王纳谏是这样的:「群臣吏民能面刺寡人之过者,受上赏;上书谏寡人者,受中赏
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useful for. Named as InstaLoad technology, it is a new battery installation technology introduced by Microsoft with intention to enable users placing the battery in any orientation as they prefer. InstaLoad is claimed to purely based on mechanical design enhancement that include a set of positive and negative terminals at both ends, hence eliminating the need of special circuitry that may complicate the design with extra cost. And when contacted with correct PCB traces, proper electricity loop can be established. Some benefits are obvious and by having this technology in place, users no longer need to care about how the battery should be positioned, and instead, just put them as they would like it to be ready for use. InstaLoad technology can be applied to any types of batteries such as AA, AAA, C or D types. No actual availability yet, but Microsoft starts to offer licensing for its Intellectual Property so its potential licensees can develop new prototype based on this brilliant concept targeted for commercial market in short future. 易建联和诺亚在选秀大会前就相互认识,那时他们正在洛杉矶做选秀前的准备,还做过一段时间训练伙伴。从某种意义上来说,易建联拯救了诺亚,他们都拒绝了雄鹿的试训要求,如果雄鹿没有在第六顺位摘下易建联,去密尔沃基的很可能是诺亚。 这样一对同年新秀的首次交手,自然会成为人们津津乐道的话题,这场对话的结果是九号新秀诺亚更胜一筹。在23分钟上场时间里,诺亚为公牛贡献了6分、4个篮板球和4次助攻,公牛主帅斯基尔斯给了他全队第二多的表现机会,仅次于另一名新秀加德纳。 “这还是我第一次与易建联交手。”诺亚说,“在洛杉矶时我们只是一起训练,从来没打过对抗。易建联是个技术娴熟而全面的球员,我能在训练中看出这一点,我想他只是还不太熟悉新环境。当你在场上跑得上气不接下气,对手一边撞你一边对你说‘垃圾话’时,任何新秀都会有点应付不过来。” 诺亚和易建联的不同之处在于,他是NBA球员制造流水线上的产物,曾帮助佛罗里达大学鳄鱼连夺两届NCAA冠军,还有显赫的家世。这些不同让诺亚比易建联更容易适应首场NBA比赛,与后者的局促不安相比,他就像一个在联盟中征战多年的老将。易建联在场上遇到麻烦时,身边的队友给了他最大的支持,尤其是小前锋德斯蒙德·梅森不断鼓励他保持斗志。对一手将易建联带到雄鹿的总经理拉里·哈里斯而言,来自队友的热心帮助将是易建联顺利度过新秀年的重要依托。 “我发现易建联每次上场前,身边的队友总会叮嘱他几句。”哈里斯说,“他们希望让易建联明白上场后该做什么,把注意力集中在自己的职责上。我觉得易建联在这场比赛中还是表现出一些好的迹象,他在进攻中的位置感很强,脚下移动也很快。容易犯规是大多数新秀的通病,我相信这个问题最终会得到解决。” 来源:华奥星空 Filmografia di Jorge Sánchez Gallo Guatemala, anni '80. La Guerra Civile è al culmine. Andrés ha 9 anni e vive con Pedro González, uno degli uomini che hanno massacrato gli abitanti del suo villaggio. Andrés è sopravvissuto, ma ha paura. Anche María, la moglie di Pedro, ha paura, paura di perdere Andrés che ormai considera suo figlio. Pedro ha paura di se stesso e dell'esercito che serve. Andrés è diviso tra la voglia di fuggire e quella di restare nella sua nuova famiglia finché un giorno non ricompare la sorella. Un gruppo di adolescenti difficili viene segregato dai genitori in un centro correzionale di dubbia legalità. Da una storia vera. Manuel Coy è un marinaio in cerca di imbarco, costretto a restare a terra dalle circostanze. Il suo unico lusso è un bicchiere di gin 'bottiglia blu' ogni tanto. A un'asta di oggetti navali conosce Tanger Soto, un'impiegata del Museo navale di Madrid, interessata a una antica mappa nautica. Questa mappa potrebbe portare al ritrovamento del Dei gloria, un antico brigantino spagnolo affondato secoli prima con il suo carico di tesori. Affascinato dalla ragazza, l'uomo si lascia coinvolgere in una caccia al tesoro tra le acque del Mediterraneo. Ma Tanger e Manuel non sono gli unici interessati ... Inspiration and Inerrancy The Bible is not only a record of the divine revelations given to the human race and of the Providence exercised by God in behalf of man, but it is a true and trustworthy account of God's revelation to man written down under the impulse and guidance of the Holy Spirit. In other words, the Bible is an inspired book. The word "inspiration" comes to us from the Vulgate which speaks of the Bible as "divinely inspired" and of the Sacred writers as "inspired by the Holy Ghost." St. Paul writes that "All scripture, inspired of God, is profitable to teach, to reprove, to correct to instruct in justice" (II Timothy 3:16). And St. Peter adds that "prophecy came not by the will of man at any time, but the holy men of God spoke, inspired by the Holy Ghost" (II Peter 1:21). Inspiration in its strict sense denotes the supernatural influence of the Holy Ghost under which the Bible was written. In his Encyclical on Sacred Scripture Leo XIII writes: "By supernatural power He (the Holy Spirit) so moved and impelled them (the sacred writers) to write - He was so present to them - that the things which He ordered, and those only, they first rightly understood, then willed faithfully to write down, and finally expressed in apt words and with infallible truth." I. Sacred Scripture yield the following data concerning the inspiration of the Biblical books: 1). Certain books or sections were written at the express command of God: "And the Lord said to Moses: Write thee these words by which I have made a covenant both with thee and with Israel" (Exodus 34:27). "And the Lord said to Moses: Write you this canticle, and teach the children of Israel; that they may know it by heart, and sing by mouth, and this song may be unto me for a testimony among the children of Israel" (Deuteronomy 31:19). "And it came to pass in the fourth year of Joakim the Son of Josias king of Juda, that this word came to Jeremias by the Lord, saying: Take thee a roll of a book, and thou shalt write in it all the words that I have spoken to thee against Israel and Juda, and against all the nations from the day that I spoke to thee, from the days of Josias even to this day" (Jeremias 36:1-3); the prophet Daniel recalls this incident when he writes that "The word of the Lord came to Jeremias the prophet" (9:2). St. John was bidden to "write in a book what thou seest" (Apocalypse 1:11). 2). In some instances the sacred character of a book is expressly affirmed. Thus God Himself in speaking to Josue teaches the sacred character of the Law written by Moses: "Let not the book of this law depart from thy mouth: but thou shalt meditate on it day and night, that thou mayest observe and do all things that are written in it" (Josue 1:5). The Psalmist tells us that the will of the just man is "in the law of the Lord, and on His law he shall meditate day and night (Psalm 1:2). 3). The Holy Spirit is said to have spoken through the mouth of the prophets: "The scripture must needs be fulfilled which the Holy Ghost spoke before by the mouth of David" (Acts 1:16). God spoke "by the Holy Ghost, by the mouth of Our father David" (Acts 4:25). "The Holy Ghost saith: Today if you shall hear his voice," etc. (Hebrews 3:7; Psalm 94). 4). The prophets are identified with Holy Scripture: "Paul a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, separated unto the gospel of God, which he had promised before, by his prophets, in the Holy Scriptures, concerning his Son" (Romans 1:1-3). 5). Scripture and God speaking are used interchangeably: "And the Scripture, foreseeing that God justifieth the Gentiles by faith, told unto Abraham before: In thee shall all nations be blessed" (Galatians 3:8). "The Lord spoke by the prophet" (Isaias) (Matthew 1:22). 6). Our Blessed Lord, the Apostle and other New Testament writers quoted the Old Testament as the word of God. Notice for example, the seventy quotations from the Old Testament in St. Matthew's Gospel, or the quotations used by Our Lord while he was being tempted by the devil (Luke 4). II. Christian Tradition from the beginning believed in the divine origin of the Scriptures. St Augustine speaks of the Scriptures as "God's handwriting" and adds: "Letters have reached us from that city apart from which we are wandering; these letters are the Scriptures which exhort us to live well." The Second Council of Constantinople added to the Nicene Creed the clause that the Holy Ghost "spoke through the prophets," thereby defining the inspiration of the sacred writers. The Vatican Council (1) defined that all the books of Scripture are sacred and canonical for the reason that, having been written under the inspiration of the Holy Ghost, they have God for their author. The Encyclical "Providentissimus Deus," issued by Leo XIII in 1893 affirms that "It is absolutely wrong and forbidden, either to narrow inspiration to certain parts only of Holy Scripture, or to admit that the sacred writer has erred. The system of those who restrict inspiration to things of faith and morals cannot be tolerated. AU the books which the Church receives as sacred and canonical are written wholly and entirely, with all their parts, at the dictation of the Holy Ghost." Nature of Inspiration The Holy Spirit as principal author of Sacred Scripture influenced the sacred writer in three ways: 1. Illuminated the mind of the sacred writer. Under the enlightenment of the Holy Ghost the sacred writer formed a concept of what God wished him to write (history, prophecy, didactic literature) and of the single truths or facts which it was to contain. This illumination was not necessarily revelation since the sacred writer might have come to the knowledge of what was already revealed to others. But it enabled him to make correct use of his faculties, aided him in the gathering of materials, so that he correctly conceived in his mind all that God wished him to write. 2. Moved the will of the sacred writer. After the sacred writer had under inspiration formed in his mind an idea of the book and of its contents, the Holy Spirit moved the sacred writer's will to write freely, though infallibly, what God wished. 3. Aided the sacred writer in the work of composition. Finally, the Holy Spirit assisted the sacred author in carrying out his project, by watching over him and when necessary by positively directing him, lest he add or omit something and lest he fall into error. If certain writers made use of secretaries, and if these secretaries were instrumental in choosing the language and determining the mode of expression, they were inspired collaborators. Principal and Instrumental Causes Although God is the Author of the Bible, He did not write it with His own hand, neither did He create it out of nothing by His almighty word. He employed sacred writers and inspired them to write what he wished. Hence while God is the author of the Bible, the sacred writers, too, were authors in a sense of what they wrote. This human authorship of Sacred Scripture has been recognized at all times, as is evident from the following three considerations: first, Our Lord and the Bible itself speak of the sacred writers as authors: "Moses spoke of Me," "Isaias said," etc.; second, Tradition from the very beginning spoke, for example, of St. Matthew's Gospel and of St. Paul's Epistles - expressions which recognize the human authorship of the Bible; third, each book is characterized by the language and style of the human author whose it is - facts which show that the sacred writer was not a passive tool of the Holy Ghost but really the author of his book. Inerrancy is freedom from error. The inerrancy of Scripture is a consequence of its divine inspiration. Whatever the Bible teaches, God teaches, because God is the principal author of Scripture and His teaching is necessarily true. We attribute this quality of inerrancy in the first place to the original Biblical books written by the pen of the sacred writers themselves, and, secondly to reproductions of the Bible, but only in so far as these agree with the original sacred books. Though all the original copies of the books of the Bible have long disappeared and though certain copies of the Bible may contain errors due to copyists, translators, editors, and printers, yet in most cases the true reading can be established with the aid of the old copies and versions. This absolute inerrancy and authority of the Bible is taught by Sacred Scripture itself. Our Lord, the Apostles and Evangelists regarded any passage from Scripture as the word of God, as necessarily true, as final and supreme authority. They affirm that "Scripture cannot be broken" (John 10:35), that "one jot, or one title shall not pass of the law, till all be fulfilled" (Matthew 5:18) and that the "Scriptures shall be fulfilled" (Matthew 26 :54). The Christian Church has from the very beginning associated inerrancy with the divine inspiration of Scripture. There are few doctrines on which the agreement of the early Fathers and Christian writers was so unanimous and emphatic as the inerrancy of the Bible. The conviction of the Fathers on this point was not something which was apparent to them from a reading or study of the Scriptures, since the difficulties of the Bible present themselves even to a casual reader. Rather, it was a traditional teaching which they inherited from the Church with the Bible. In recent years the principle of Biblical inerrancy was emphatically reaffirmed by Leo XIII: "So far is it from being the case that error can be compatible with inspiration, that, on the contrary, it not only of its very nature precludes the presence of error, but as necessarily excludes it and forbids it as God, the Supreme Truth, necessarily cannot be the Author of error." A believing Christian then may never question whether the teaching of the Bible is true. Should doubts arise in his mind as to the meaning of certain statements in the Scriptures, he must be guided by the well-known rule of St. Augustine: "If in these books I meet anything which seems contrary to truth, I shall not hesitate to conclude either that the text is faulty, or that the translator has not expressed the meaning of the passage, or that I myself do not understand it." The Bible, it must be remembered, is a large and ancient book, the product of a civilization and of conditions quite different from ours. It was written mostly by Orientals, whose ways of thinking and speaking were unlike ours, and in languages that we at times do not well understand. Since at times our data are only what we find in the Bible, we lack the necessary information to reconstruct a given incident with all its details. Occasionally the Bible embodies hyperboles, allegories, parables, etc. To determine what the sacred writer meant to teach in a particular instance, we must first determine the literary form into which he cast his teaching. Again, we must make some allowances for poetic license in those books of the Old Testament which are poetry. Finally, much of the Bible deals
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Il metodo principale per lavare i seni paranasali in ospedale. Viene eseguito in anestesia locale. L'essenza del metodo consiste nel "punzonare" la cavità per il deflusso di contenuti purulenti. Un ago viene inserito attraverso i passaggi nasali nella cavità, l'essudato viene aspirato e poi disinfettato con agenti antimicrobici. Il metodo è efficace ed è fondamentale nel trattamento della sinusite di qualsiasi patogenesi. Terapia antibiotica Gli antibiotici sono prescritti con grande cura, data la posizione del paziente, ma senza di essi il trattamento non porterà il risultato desiderato. Nel trattamento dell'infiammazione utilizzando farmaci di azione locale, come Isofra, Polydex o Bioparox. Terapia vasocostrittrice Gocce e spray nasali sono usati per eliminare l'edema. A causa della posizione del paziente, viene data la preferenza a più rimedi "morbidi". Trattamento approssimativo della sinusite gravida in modo conservativo: - Cavità nasale irrigata antisettico. Invece di un antisettico, puoi usare una soluzione di acqua salata o nat. soluzione. - Nazivin, Naphthyzinum o altri preparativi di vasocostrittore sono sepolti in ogni passaggio nasale. - Dopo 15 minuti, viene applicato un antibiotico. Trattamento chirurgico L'intervento chirurgico è indicato per edema grave, che si manifesta esternamente e la sindrome da intossicazione vivida. L'intervento chirurgico comporta l'apertura della cavità paranasale, che al momento della gestazione è inaccettabile, perché utilizza l'anestesia generale. Altri metodi di trattamento: - L'omeopatia è una forma popolare di trattamento per varie malattie. Tra i farmaci utilizzati, i più adatti sono: Sodium Moore, Vomica e Sinupret. L'omeoterapia è finalizzata a migliorare l'immunità locale e fa parte di un trattamento completo. - Le ricette della medicina tradizionale sono utilizzate per migliorare l'immunità delle donne in gravidanza. Questo è principalmente infusi e decotti di erbe. I farmaci folli non sono raccomandati per l'instillazione nel naso, dal momento che potrebbe svilupparsi una reazione allergica. - I farmaci antipiretici sono necessari per eliminare i sintomi della patologia. Nurofen e paracetamolo agiscono come antidolorifici. Il trattamento può essere effettuato a casa. La terapia adiuvante obbligatoria è l'assunzione di complessi vitaminici e probiotici per prevenire l'infezione fungina. Possibili complicanze della sinusite Complicazioni derivano da una mancanza di trattamento o da una terapia inappropriata. Le conseguenze possono influenzare la salute del bambino e della madre. La madre può avere effetti sotto forma di: - Ipossia congenita; - Infezione intrauterina; - Morte fetale prenatale; - adattamento pesante nella vita extrauterina. La sinusite, nonostante la sua prevalenza, è una malattia piuttosto pericolosa nel periodo gestazionale, perché può portare a conseguenze fatali. Tuttavia, la malattia è perfettamente suscettibile al trattamento ed è completamente guarita in forma acuta. Prevenzione della malattia nelle donne in gravidanza Per prevenire lo sviluppo della malattia è necessario osservare diverse regole importanti: - Vesti secondo il tempo, specialmente durante la stagione fredda. - Non trascurare il copricapo - Mangia - All'arrivo dalla strada per lavare i passaggi nasali con una soluzione debole di sale. - Prendere vitamine - Non iniziare il trattamento per la rinite. Le regole sono facili da implementare e non richiedono molto sforzo. È importante ricordare che la sinusite può diventare cronica e sarà quasi impossibile curarla. Sinusite: sintomi e trattamento in donne in gravidanza. Cause, droghe, rimedi popolari Durante la gravidanza, l'organismo delle future madri non è sempre in grado di resistere ai virus patogeni, i batteri che, dopo la penetrazione, provocano lo sviluppo di varie malattie. Non è raro tra le donne in gravidanza considerare una malattia come l'antrite, la cui comparsa non solo viola le condizioni generali della donna, ma può anche causare danni significativi al feto. Cos'è la sinusite e come si manifesta? Che cosa è necessario prestare attenzione per prevenire complicanze e come trattare l'infiammazione dei seni mascellari nelle donne in gravidanza? La sinusite si riferisce alle malattie otorinolaringoiatriche di origine infettiva, in cui si verifica l'infiammazione dei seni mascellari, seguita dalla formazione di una secrezione purulenta in esse. L'infiammazione si verifica spesso senza la formazione di un componente purulento, e in tali casi, il medico fa una diagnosi di rinosinusite catarrale. Nella pratica degli otorinolaringoiatri, la sinusite si trova abbastanza spesso e le donne incinte non fanno eccezione. Come ogni altra malattia, la sinusite ha la capacità di progredire, il che causa un sacco di disagio. Nel processo di sviluppo della sinusite, vi è una violazione del deflusso di muco dai seni, che porta al suo ristagno e alla riproduzione di virus e batteri patogeni, che sono la causa principale della malattia. Quali sono i sintomi e i segni della sinusite? Cosa si sente male La sinusite si manifesta con congestione nasale, mal di testa crescente verso sera, sensazione di pressione negli occhi, voce nasale nella voce, febbre. La sinusite nelle donne in gravidanza non è diversa dal decorso della malattia in altri pazienti, ma l'unica differenza è che è molto più difficile trattare la sinusite durante la gravidanza, poiché la maggior parte dei farmaci è controindicata alle donne incinte. Cause di sinusite in donne in gravidanza Nel cuore della malattia ci sono vari tipi di virus, batteri, che causano l'infiammazione dei seni mascellari con la formazione di secrezioni purulente. Le cause più comuni di sinusite in donne in gravidanza sono: - Complicazione dopo infezioni respiratorie acute o SARS. - Sinusite cronica, rinite, faringite. - Immunità ridotta. - Caratteristiche della struttura del naso. - Reazioni allergiche del corpo. - Naso che cola a lungo di origine sconosciuta. - Malattie della bocca e dei denti. - La curvatura del setto nasale. Quasi tutte le suddette malattie hanno una natura virale o batterica, quindi possiamo dire con certezza che nell'85% dei casi, l'antrite si sviluppa come complicanze rispetto ad altre malattie. In rari casi, la sinusite si manifesta come una malattia indipendente. Quali sono i sintomi della sinusite nelle donne in gravidanza? I segni clinici di sinusite nelle prime fasi della malattia sono lievi e sono accompagnati da una congestione nasale insignificante e assomigliano al solito naso che cola. Con il progredire della malattia e l'assenza di un trattamento adeguato, i sintomi diventano più pronunciati. Le donne mostrano reclami a: - dolore di varia intensità nella fronte e nei seni nasali; - abbondante secrezione nasale con una tinta giallo-verde; - congestione nasale; - aumento della temperatura (nel periodo acuto); - tosse secca o umida a causa di irritazione della parete posteriore del rinofaringe con muco; - congiuntiviti; - mal di testa; Nei casi in cui la sinusite cronica è presente nella storia di una donna incinta, la clinica è meno pronunciata ed è accompagnata da periodi di remissione ed esacerbazione. Come trattare la sinusite durante la gravidanza Il trattamento della sinusite ha lo scopo di eliminare l'infezione e ripristinare il drenaggio naturale dei seni. La sinusite in donne in gravidanza deve essere trattata in modo completo e solo sotto controllo medico. Dato che la maggior parte dei farmaci sono controindicati durante la gravidanza, è piuttosto difficile curare l'antrite e assumere droghe illegali può danneggiare il feto, specialmente nel primo trimestre quando si forma. Nonostante l'alta tossicità di alcuni farmaci, alle donne incinte vengono ancora prescritte medicine per il trattamento della sinusite, ma solo quelle che hanno il numero minimo di controindicazioni e non danneggiano il feto e la donna stessa. Sinusite: sintomi e trattamento negli adulti e nei bambini A volte la congestione nasale e la presenza di scarica indicano lo sviluppo di una malattia così acuta come la sinusite. Che cos'è e in che modo è pericoloso? Un metodo piuttosto comune di trattamento della sinusite è considerato una puntura dei seni mascellari, ma questa procedura è raccomandata solo quando altri metodi di trattamento non danno un risultato positivo o quando l'essudato purulento non viene fuori. Durante la procedura, il medico usa un ago sterile, che perfora il seno paranasale. Attraverso una puntura, usando una siringa, il pus viene aspirato via, quindi viene iniettata una preparazione antisettica. Il sollievo dopo una puntura si verifica quasi immediatamente, ma tale procedura non garantisce il recupero completo, poiché vi sono rischi di recidiva. Fonte: nasmorkam.net Se una donna incinta vuole curare sinusite senza punture o la malattia è nelle prime fasi del suo sviluppo, il medico può prescrivere un trattamento fisioterapico, ma è meglio eseguirlo durante la remissione o come profilassi per sinusite cronica [Adsense1] al contenuto? Preparati farmaceutici per il trattamento della sinusite in donne in gravidanza Il trattamento farmacologico della sinusite durante la gravidanza non è sempre il benvenuto, perché la maggior parte dei farmaci non può essere prescritta alle donne incinte. Ecco perché i medici stanno cercando di raccogliere quelle medicine che non danneggiano. L'industria farmacologica offre un numero di farmaci che contengono ingredienti vegetali o sostanze che non rappresentano una minaccia per lo sviluppo del feto. Fondamentalmente, il trattamento di antritis consiste nel sopprimere gli agenti patogeni, quindi, è piuttosto difficile fare a meno di antibiotici e antimicrobici. Gli antibiotici sono controindicati per le donne incinte, ma data la complessità della malattia e i rischi delle sue complicanze, farmaci come quelli che possono essere prescritti alle donne in gravidanza: Gli antibiotici dovrebbero essere sospesi nel primo trimestre di gravidanza. La dose e il trattamento devono essere prescritti singolarmente per ogni donna. Una buona alternativa agli antibiotici è l'uso di preparati topici che vengono prodotti sotto forma di aerosol e spray, che vengono iniettati direttamente nei seni mascellari e agiscono sul centro stesso dell'infiammazione. Il vantaggio di tali farmaci è che praticamente non penetrano nel sangue e nella placenta, ma agiscono localmente. Insieme all'assunzione di antibiotici, non dimenticare di prendere i probiotici che proteggeranno la microflora intestinale e prevengono lo sviluppo di disbiosi: - Linex - Laktovit - Laktofiltrum e altri. Una parte integrante del trattamento è il lavaggio della cavità nasale e dei seni mascellari con varie soluzioni. Come mezzo per lavare, puoi prendere entrambe le soluzioni saline (Humer, Acquamaris, But - sale) e decotti alle erbe. Inoltre, vale la pena menzionare separatamente la procedura di lavaggio come "Cuculo", lo stesso metodo di "lavaggio secondo Proets". È completamente indolore e dà risultati eccellenti nel trattamento delle malattie del naso. Quando la secrezione purulenta dai passaggi nasali, così come per eliminare il processo infiammatorio, i medici spesso prescrivono un farmaco come Sinupret, che riduce la viscosità del muco e consente di rilasciare i passaggi nasali. L'omeopatia non è controindicata durante la gravidanza. La terapia terapeutica può essere effettuata con l'aiuto dei seguenti farmaci: - Euphorbium compositum - Cinnabsin Non assumere alcun farmaco senza prima consultare un medico. L'automedicazione o l'assunzione di farmaci non controllati possono non solo non portare i risultati desiderati in trattamento, ma anche danneggiare sia la futura madre che il bambino. Trattamento di rimedi popolari sinusite Oltre al trattamento tradizionale della sinusite, molte donne si rivolgono per aiuto alla medicina tradizionale, che ha accumulato alcune ricette durante la sua esistenza. Un buon risultato può essere ottenuto lavando i passaggi nasali con decotti alle erbe: - camomilla - calendola - treno - Soluzione leggera del normale sale da cucina È inoltre possibile effettuare inalazioni su patate bollite in uniforme, soda o propoli. È importante notare che in caso di sinusite purulenta, le inalazioni con vapore caldo sono assolutamente controindicate e sono consentite solo nella fase iniziale della malattia, quando c'è solo il comune raffreddore. Ma puoi usare un dispositivo come un nebulizzatore. Come diaforetico, si consiglia di bere il tè con tiglio, lampone. Nel naso puoi sgocciolare il succo di barbabietola, diluito con acqua. La medicina tradizionale non dovrebbe agire come mezzo principale nel trattamento della sinusite, solo come ausiliare. Possibili complicazioni Trattamento intempestivo o di scarsa qualità dell'infiammazione nei seni mascellari, può portare a varie complicazioni che possono essere pericolose per la salute della donna e la vita del feto. Sullo sfondo di questa malattia, le donne possono avere problemi con il cuore, i polmoni e, nei casi più gravi, un ascesso cerebrale. Il più pericoloso potrebbe essere le seguenti situazioni: - ipossia fetale; - problemi con i polmoni e il cuore; - aborto spontaneo; - consegna pretermine; - patologie dello sviluppo interno. Con la progressione della sinusite può essere complicazioni abbastanza gravi, quindi non esitate a visitare il medico quando i primi segni della malattia si manifestano. Solo un trattamento tempestivo e di alta qualità previene le complicazioni, preservando così la salute della donna e del feto. [Adsense2] al contenuto? Come prevenire la sinusite durante la gravidanza? La prevenzione della sinusite deve essere effettuata molto prima del suo sviluppo e della sua concezione del bambino. Le principali misure preventive sono finalizzate al trattamento tempestivo delle malattie delle vie respiratorie, organi ENT, poiché la sinusite è spesso la conseguenza di un trattamento improprio del raffreddore o della sua assenza. Le seguenti raccomandazioni aiuteranno a prevenire lo sviluppo di sinusite: - Evitare l'ipotermia. - Esegui esercizi di respirazione. - Mangia - Rafforzare l'immunità. - Monitora le condizioni dei denti e della cavità orale. - Trattare tempestivamente le malattie concomitanti. [ads-pc-1] [ads-mob-1] Osservando le regole elementari, è possibile ridurre in modo significativo la probabilità di sviluppare antriti, proteg
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外媒Windows Latest报道,一些安装了Windows 10最新更新(包括KB4549951)的用户报告称,他们的用户配置文件以及所有数据,自定义选项和文档在登录时均未加载。安装更新后,Windows 10会启动并显示临时用户配置文件错误Bug,它可能会移动你的数据,甚至删除它们。 IT之家此前提及过该错误,似乎该问题仍然存在,并且可能会影响到更多用户。目前尚不清楚Windows 10为何或如何以全新的用户配置文件加载。 许多用户还报告说,安装了4月14日发布的Windows 10 KB4549951补丁后,包括文档或图片在内的数据都消失了。 安装该更新后,Windows重命名普通用户配置文件的文件夹,然后在PC启动时创建并加载临时用户配置文件。 但好消息是,该错误不会永久删除大多数用户的配置文件或数据。 原始配置文件仍应位于C: > Users中,但你的数据将存储在以“.ooo”或“.bak”扩展名的文件中。 幸运的是,有很多方法可以将其恢复。如果重新启动Windows系统6到8次,则用户配置文件和数据应该会恢复。但不一定对每个人都有效。 从Windows 10版本1903更新到Windows 10版本1909后,一些用户还报告了该问题。 根据多个Microsoft支持人员的介绍,你还可以通过设置新帐户,然后将数据从临时帐户手动转移到该帐户来解决该问题。 更加一致的选项是在安装更新之前仅备份存储在系统硬盘中的文件。你需要始终维护与操作系统位于同一分区上的数据备份。 مجری برنامه ۹۰ گفت: «من خودم مسی را بیشتر دوست دارم، اما انصافا پارسال رونالدو کمی بهتر بود.» به گزارش سرویس ورزشی جام نیوز، در بیشتر نظرسنجیهایی که طی یکی، دو ماه اخیر در سراسر جهان انجام شده، کریستیانو رونالدو به عنوان شایستهترین ستاره برای کسب عنوان مرد سال ۲۰۱۳ دنیا برگزیده شده است. در آخرین قسمت برنامه ۹۰ این اتفاق در ایران هم رخ داد و بازیکن پرتغالی توانست با ۵۴ درصد آرا بالاتر از مسی ۳۷ درصدی و ریبری ۹ درصدی در صدر جدول بهترین بازیکنان سال گذشته میلادی بایستد. جالب اینکه عادل گفت: «من خودم مسی را بیشتر دوست دارم، اما انصافا پارسال رونالدو کمی بهتر بود.» به نظر میرسد مصدومیتهای پیاپی مسی باعث شده است تا او در نظرسنجی امسال بر خلاف نمونه مشابه سال گذشته اکثریت آرا را به دست نیاورد. مراسم اهدای توپ طلای سال ۲۰۱۳ دوشنبه هفته بعد در زوریخ برگزار خواهد شد و رونالدو شانس مسلم بردن این جایزه است. او در چهار سال گذشته پشت خط لئو مانده بود، اما آسیبدیدگیهای ستاره آرژانتینی باعث شد رونالدو بعد از مدت ها بتواند توپ طلا را از آن خودش کند. خبرنگاران پایگاه تخصصی آموزش های الکترونیکی وزارت علوم افتتاح شد به گزارش وبلاگ فانتوپ، تهران- خبرنگاران- پایگاه تخصصی آموزش های الکترونیکی وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری با هدف گردآوری، تجمیع داده ها و اطلاعات مورد نیاز فعالان دانشگاهی کشور در حوزه آموزش های الکترونیکی راه اندازی شد. به گزارش روز چهارشنبه وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری، این پایگاه تخصصی به صورت مجازی و توسط علی خاکی صدیق، معاون آموزشی وزیر علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری در حاشیه وبینار اعضای کارگروه آموزش های الکترونیکی به نشانی اینترنتی https://elearning.msrt.ir آغاز به کار کرد. خاکی صدیق در این نشست مجازی از انتخاب راهبرد تبدیل تهدید کرونایی به فرصت روی آوری به روش های نوین آموزشی خبر داد و تأکید کرد: همه تلاش معاونت آموزشی وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری این بوده است که با این راهبرد با به حداقل رساندن آسیب های ناشی از توقف آموزش حضوری و جبران کاستی های پدیدآمده در فعالیت آموزشی، دانشگاه ها و مؤسسات آموزش عالی از مزایای آموزش الکترونیکی بهره مند شوند و توان و آمادگی خود را در صورت تداوم مشکل ایجاد شده و در برخورد با شرایط مشابه افزایش دهند. وی با تأکید بر برخورد فعال به جای برخورد منفعل، گفت: وزارت علوم با شیوع بیماری کووید-19 می توانست تسلیم برخی اظهارنظرها مبنی بر حذف کلی نیمسال تحصیلی شود و برخوردی منفعل و بی دردسر را بپذیرد، اما برخوردی فعال و سخت انتخاب شد که از این پس شاهد ثمرات آن خواهیم بود. معاون آموزشی وزیر علوم با اشاره به انعطاف ایجاد شده در مقررات و قوانین آموزشی و صدور بخشنامه های تسهیل گر از سوی معاونت آموزشی وزارت علوم، از ضرورت تجمیع و مستندسازی این فعالیت ها سخن گفت که به راه اندازی پایگاه تخصصی آموزش های الکترونیکی منجر شده است. خاکی صدیق اضافه کرد: در این مدت افزون بر صدور بخشنامه های متعدد آموزشی، فعالیت های متعددی از سوی کارگروه تخصصی آموزش های الکترونیکی و نیز دانشگاه ها و موسسات آموزش عالی در سطح کشور به انجام رسید که لازم بود همه این تجارب در پایگاهی متمرکز در اختیار علاقه مندان و مخاطبان قرار گیرد و دیگر مراکز آموزشی نیز بتوانند از آنها بهره گیرند. وی ادامه داد: بی تردید شرایط آموزش عالی نه تنها در ایران که در همه دنیا پس از کرونا با گذشته متفاوت خواهد بود و یکی از تحولات کلیدی موضوع آموزش های الکترونیکی است. خاکی صدیق از همه دانشگاه ها و موسسات آموزش عالی کشور دعوت کرد با در اختیار گذاردن تجربه ها و توانمندی های خود در حوزه آموزش الکترونیکی به غنی تر شدن این پایگاه اطلاعاتی کمک کنند. در ادامه این نشست مجازی، علی اکبر صفوی، مسوول کارگروه آموزش های الکترونیک با ارائه گزارشی از اقدامات انجام شده به معرفی بخش های مختلف وبگاه پرداخت. به گفته او، این وبگاه که با هدایت معاونت آموزشی وزارت علوم و با همت کارگروه تخصصی آموزش های الکترونیکی ایجاد شده است، می تواند به عنوان راهنمای عمل همه فعالان دانشگاهی از جمله معاونان و مدیران آموزشی، استادان و دانشجویان قرار گیرد و به عنوان بانک جامع دستورالعمل ها، مقررات، توصیه ها و آموزش های مرتبط، محل رجوع مخاطبان باشد. بانک های اطلاعاتی متعددی از جمله معرفی کارگروه تخصصی آموزش های الکترونیکی، توصیه های مهم در حوزه آموزش های الکترونیکی، قوانین و مقررات در آموزش های الکترونیکی، اخبار و رویدادها، کارگاه های آموزشی، دستورالعمل های ابلاغی پرسش و پاسخ های متداول در این وبگاه در دسترس مخاطبان واقع شده است. این وبگاه در حالتی تعاملی بتواند جوابگوی نیازهای کاربران دانشگاهی در حوزه تسهیل، تسریع و فراگیری آموزش های الکترونیکی در آموزش عالی باشد.منبع: ایرنا 尽管存在许多分歧,受精神疾病困扰的创作歌手卡西和陷入困境的海军陆战队员卢克同意仅出于利益而结婚。 但是当悲剧发生时,真实和虚假之间的界限开始变得模糊...... 友情提示:请勿长时间观看影视,注意保护视力并预防近视,合理安排时间,享受健康生活。 免责声明:lol电影天堂所收集的下载地址、观看地址来自于互联网,本站只提供web页面服务,并不提供影片资源存储录制、上传、播放等功能。 lol电影天堂 Belçika'daki NATO karargahında yapılan son toplantılardan da sonuç çıkmadı. ABD, NATO'daki uzlaşmazlığın, terörle savaşına darbe indirmesinden endişe ediyor. Afganistan'ın güneyinde Taliban ile savaşan ABD, İngiltere, Kanada ve Hollanda NATO'ya üye diğer ülkelerden asker desteği istiyor. Ancak çağrıya olumlu yanıt gelmiyor. Belçika'nın Mons kentindeki NATO karargahında biraraya gelen müttefikler, gergin bir toplantının ardından yine uzlaşamadı. Türk askerine bel bağlamıştı Taliban ile savaşan birliklerin komutanlarının 'bize savaşacak 2 bin 500 asker daha gönderin' talebi reddedildi. En fazla katkı yapması istenen ülke olan Almanya 'hayır' diyor. NATO'ya vurulan en büyük darbe de Türkiye'den çıkan "hayır" yanıtı oldu. Çünkü Taliban ile yapılan mücadelede özellikle Türk askerine bel bağlanmıştı. Büyükanıt engeline takıldılar Kulislerde konuşulan bir diğer ülke de Türkiye. Ama Türkiye, bizzat Genelkurmay Başkanı Yaşar Büyükanıt'ın ağzından, savaşmak için asker gönderilmeyeceğini açıkladı. Polonya ise 2007'den itibaren başkent Kabil çevresi ve ülkenin doğusunda konuşlanacak 900 asker gönderebileceğini duyurdu. Yani onlar da Taliban'dan mümkün olduğunca uzak durmaya çalışıyor. Toplantılar devam edecek Ama başta NATO Genel Sekreteri olmak üzere tüm yetkililer umutsuz konuşuyor. Ekime kadar takviyeler gelmezse, Taliban ile savaşın şartları daha da zorlaşacak çünkü sert Afganistan kışı etkisini göstermeye başlayacak. ABD, 11 eylül saldırıları üzerine başlattığı terörle savaşının ilk cephesi olan Afganistan'ın 'elden gitmesinden' korkuyor. ABD Dışişleri BAkanı Condoleezza Rice, "harekete geçmezsek, bedelini öderiz" dedi. 2 eylülden bu yana Medusa isimli operasyonu yürüten NATO güçleri 500'den fazla militanın öldürüldüğünü öne sürüyor. Afganistan'da NATO'ya bağlı 9 bin asker var. Almanya 3 bin, Kanada 2 bin 300, Hollanda bin 3, Türkiye 825 ve Fransa 742 askerle barış gücüne en çok asker veren ülkeler. Taliban direnişi kendini hissettiriyor Afganistan'daki Taliban direnişi ise giderek kendini hissettiriyor. Taliban, son haftalarda tırmanışa geçen direnişine destek için propagandaya başladı. Örgütün 16 kişinin öldüğü son intihar saldırısından sonra, militanların girdiği çatışmalara dair görüntüler yayınlandı. Bu filmi de Taliban'ın Kandahar'ın güneyinde ilan ettiği 'Afgan İslam Emirliği'ne bağlı Kültür Komisyonu hazırladı. 41 dakikalık film, 'Cihada Çağrı' adını taşıyor. Filmde bir intihar komandosunun operasyonu başından sonuna anlatılıyor. Bomba yüklü araca binen kameralı Taliban, kendini patlatmaya giden Ebu Muhammed ile konuşuyor. İntihar komandosu, saldırı öncesi çok rahat olduğunu söylüyor ve soğukkanlılıkla ABD askerlerine saldırıyor. Patlamadan bir süre önce araçtan inen ve saldırganla telsizle konuşmayı sürdüren Taliban, saldırgana elini çabuk tutmasını söylüyor. 'Cihada Çağrı' filminde ABD Apaçi helikopterlerinin Taliban mevzilerine saldırısı da görülüyor. Görüntülerin fonunda kahramanlık şarkıları ve ilahiler yer alıyor. 31 temmuzda NATO Kandahar'ın güneyini de denetimi altına aldıktan sonra Taliban güçleri varlığını iyice hissettirmeye, NATO birliklerine kayıplar verdirmeye başladı. Bu yıl içinde 20'den fazla NATO askeri çatışmalarda öldü. İntihar saldırılarında ise 173 kişi yaşamını yitirdi. İran Hac ve Ziyaret Kurumu Başkanı Said Evhedi, Hac ibadeti esnasında 'şeytan taşlarken' hayatını kaybeden hacı sayısının en az 4 bin 700 olduğunu belirtti. Said Evhedi, Mina'daki izdihamda ölen hacı sayısının açıklanandan fazla olduğunu belirterek, "Halen 21 TIR'da 3 bin hacı cesedi tahliye ve teşhis için bekliyor" diye konuştu. İran televizyonu IRINN'e konuşan İran Hac ve Ziyaret Kurumu Başkanı Evhedi, Mina'daki izdihamda hayatını kaybeden İranlıların sayısının 228'e yükseldiğini söyledi. Evhedi, "Akıbetleri hakkında bilgi alınamayan İranlı sayısı 248 kişi. Ölü sayısının artmasından endişeleniyoruz" diye konuştu. '21 TIR'DA EN AZ 3 BİN CESET VAR' Hayatını kaybeden hacıların onlarca ülkeden olduğuna dikkati çeken Evhedi, "Olayda ölen hacı sayısının en az 4 bin 700 kişi olduğunu düşünüyoruz. Halen 21 TIR'da en az 3 bin ceset tahliye ve teşhis için bekliyor" ifadelerini kullandı. Kurban Bayramı'nın ilk günü Mina'da yaşanan izdiham sonucunda Suudi yetkililere göre, 169 İranlının da aralarında olduğu 769 kişi hayatını kaybetmiş ve 934 kişi yaralanmıştı. Bugün İran basınında Mekke'de hayatını kaybeden İran vatandaşlarının sayısının 228'e çıktığı, 248 İranlıdan da haber alınamadığı yönünde haberler yer aldı. Section author: Tim McNamara <email@example.com> This section deals with how you can clean up data – having extracted it from the web by scraping. Useful clean up steps One advantage of scraping data from the web is that you can actually have a better dataset than the original. Because you need to take steps to understand the dataset’s inconsistencies, you can eliminate or at least minimise them. From another perspective, spending time cleaning up messy data can fill the large gaps that your processor will experience when waiting for it to be downloaded from its host. This section provides an example of several useful clean-up operations. - Cleaning HTML - Strip whitespace - Converting numbers to number types: - Converting Boolean values: ‘Yes’ -> True - Converting dates to machine-readable formats: “24 June 2004” -> “2004-06-24” Clean the HTML HTML you find on the web can be atrocious. Here’s a quick function that can help. We make use of the `lxml`_ library. It’s very good at understanding broken HTML and will render a perfectly-formed page for your extractor functions. You may be concerned that this is computationally wasteful. This is true, but it can reduce lots of the irritation of extracting specific information from messy HTML: def clean_page(html, pretty_print=False): """ >>> junk = "some random HTML<P> for you to try to parse</p>" >>> clean_page(junk) '<div><p>some random HTML</p><p> for you to try to parse</p></div>' >>> print clean_page(junk, pretty_print=True) <div> <p>some random HTML</p> <p> for you to try to parse</p> </div> """ from lxml.html import fromstring from lxml.html import tostring return tostring(fromstring(html), pretty_print=pretty_print) Converting yes/no to Boolean values Computers are far better at interpreting Boolean values when they are consistently provided. Irrespective of the programming language, normalising these values will make any automatic comparisons much richer: def to_bool(yes_no, none_to_false=True): """ >>> to_bool('') False >>> to_bool(None): False >>> to_bool('y') True >>> to_bool('yip') True >>> to_bool('Yes') True >>> to_bool('nuh') False """ yes_no = yes_no.strip().lower() if not yes_no.strip() and none_to_false: return False if yes_no.startswith('y'): return True elif yes_no.startswith('n'): return False Converting numbers to the correct type If you’re extracting numbers from HTML tables, they will each be represented as a string or Unicode, even though it would be more sensible to treat as integers or floating point numbers: def to_int(number, european=False): """ >>> to_int('32') 32 >>> to_int('3,998') 3998 >>> to_int('3.998', european=True) 3998 """ if european: number = number.replace('.', '') else: number = number.replace(',', '') return int(number) def to_float(number, european=False) """ >>> to_float(u'42.1') 42.1 >>> to_float(u'32,1', european=True) 32.1 >>> to_float('3,132.87') 3132.87 >>> to_float('3.132,87') 3132.87 >>> to_float('(54.12)') -54.12 Warning ------- Incorrectly declaring `european` leads to troublesome results: >>> to_float('54.2', european=True) 542 """ import string if european: table = string.maketrans(',
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're half an hour away, so the car asks if you want to send an email to the meeting organiser to tell them that you're running late. Integrating all this stuff with the car to make it smart is going to be big business. Then we have the car sharing trend and the more you tie all these things together, the smarter our cities will become. It's not science fiction as these things are already pretty smart today – and we can make them smarter." What do you think of the Gothenburg region's automotive cluster? "In terms of knowledge, we're incredibly advanced, not least in terms of expertise per capita. At the same time, I think – without sticking my neck out too much – that sometimes we're overconfident. When you see fully automated transportation in Singapore or self-driving cars in Lyon or Paris, which are actually up and running right now, then it doesn't feel like we're light years ahead of everyone else – we should adopt a more humble approach and incorporate more benchmarking. If we as an industry fail to challenge ourselves enough, there's a pretty big risk that we'll see an accelerating rate in the establishment of new Ubers and Teslas – the real game changers – elsewhere, and then entire structures could collapse. This is why it's extremely important that we have organisations like Telematics Valley in Lindholmen where we regularly invite other people and dare to share information across corporate borders and reveal what we're doing. This is something that I feel we're very good at in Gothenburg." دلایل ایجاد صف های خرید سهام و اقبال خریداران به بورس طی روزهای اخیر نسبت به اغلب شرکت های بورسی مربوط به چهار عامل اساسی بوده که طی روز گذشته منجر به صعود قابل توجه قیمت ها و شاخص ها شده است. مدیر سرمایه گذاری بیمه اتکای ایرانیان در گفتگو با خبرنگار بورس نیوز ضمن بیان مطالب فوق اظهار داشت: رونق بازار سهام طی چند روز اخیر تحت تأثیر عواملی از جمله کاهش نرخ سپرده قانونی بانک ها نزد بانک مرکزی جمهوری اسلامی ایران از 13 به 10 درصد، کاهش نرخ سود سپرده گذاری های موجود در بانک ها، خوش بینی از نتایج مذاکرات طی 3 آذر ماه سال جاری و همچنین اجازه بانک مرکزی به شرکت های صادراتی مبنی بر امکان عرضه ارز حاصل از فروش محصولات خود با نرخ ارز آزاد در بانک ها بوده است. جاویدی افزایش تقاضای روز گذشته سهام شرکت های بورسی را هیجانی عنوان کرد و گفت: روز گذشته ایجاد صف های خرید سهام شرکت های بورسی نشان از آغاز روندی مثبت در بازار سهام همراه با شیبی صعودی داشته و در مجموع بازار سهام، از پتانسیل بازگشت به روزهای اوج خود برخوردار است. وی در خصوص رتبه بندی صنایع پرپتانسیل بازار سهام با توجه به شرایط کنونی گفت: در چند ماه اخیر سهام اکثر بانک ها در حالت سکون و اغلب در مدار منفی قرار گرفته بودند و با توجه به کاهش نرخ سپرده گذاری های موجود در بانک ها، این امکان برای رشد قیمت سهام شرکت های بانکی مهیا شده است. جاویدی در ادامه رشد قیمت سهام شرکت های پتروشیمی را منوط به اعلام نرخ خوراک گازی آن دسته از شرکت هایی که از گاز به عنوان ماده اولیه خود استفاده می نمایند، عنوان کرد و گفت: سهام شرکت های خودرویی نیز تا حدودی به سقف قیمتی خود رسیده اند و با توجه به اعلام وضعیت بنیادی خود می توان روندی متعادل را برای این گروه پیش بینی کرد. مدیر سرمایه گذاری بیمه اتکای ایرانیان با اشاره به کاهش قیمت جهانی مواد اولیه مجتمع های پتروشیمی و همچنین افزایش نرخ دلار افزود: کاهش قیمت های جهانی مواد اولیه شرکت های پتروشیمی منجر به ایجاد حاشیه سود مناسب تری برای آنها می گردد؛ ولی در کاهش نرخ فروش صادراتی محصولات تولیدی مجتمع های پتروشیمی تأثیرگذار است باشد و بایستی در خرید سهام برخی از شرکت های پتروشیمی دقت لازم لحاظ گردد. قصد شروع سرمایهگذاری در بورس را دارید؟ اولین قدم این است که افتتاح حساب رایگان را در یکی از کارگزاریها انجام دهید: |نام شرکت||ویژگیها||امتیاز||لینک ثبتنام| |کارگزاری آگاه| برای سرمایهگذاری و معامله موفق، نیاز به آموزش دارید. خدمات آموزشی زیر از طریق کارگزاری آگاه ارائه میشود: Track Molecular Fingerprints with Spectroscopy When nanotechnology researchers build a new nanomaterial, they want to verify its structure. Microscopes such as SEMs and AFMs can give them visual information about the structure of the new material, but other techniques can easily provide additional information, such as what types of atoms are bonded to each other in the material and how many electrons are shared among these atoms. It turns out that molecules, and portions of molecules (the pairs of atoms that bond together to form molecules), have fingerprints, just as people do. However, their fingerprints consist not of little swirls in the skin but of the wavelength of the light that atoms and molecules absorb. The wavelengths of light absorbed by various atoms and molecules produce a spectrum. Generating a spectrum to determine the structure of molecules is called spectroscopy. For example, the simplified spectrum labeled A shows that carbon nanotubes absorb infrared light at a wavelength of 6452 nm and 8403 nm. The spectrum labeled B has all the absorption points shown in spectrum A, plus a peak at 5838 nm, which indicates the bonding of oxygen to some of the carbon atoms in the nanotube. Therefore, if researchers take an infrared spectrum of an unknown material and see the peaks shown in spectrum B, they know that the material consists of carbon nanotubes functionalized by adding oxygen atoms. Amerika 2030 yılına kadar araç satışlarının yarısı elektrikli olacak ABD yönetimi, elektrikli vasıta tüketimini çoğaltmak hedefiyle yeni özel ve kamu sektörü yatırımlarını duyurdu. Beyaz Saray'dan oluşturulan açıklamada, ABD Başkanı Joe Biden'ın 2030'a kadar bütün yeni vasıta satışlarının yüzde 50'sini elektrikli duruma getirmeyi amaçladığı belirtildi. Araç satışları 3 kat arttı Açıklamada, halihazırda ülkede elektrikli vasıta satışlarının 3 katına çıktığına ve halka açık şarj istasyonlarının adedinin Biden'ın vazifeye gelmesinden bu yana yüzde 40'ın üstünde arttığına işaret edilerek, 3 milyondan çok elektrikli aracın yollarda bulunduğu ve ülke çapında 135 binden çok halka açık elektrikli vasıta şarj istasyonunun bulunduğu bilgi kapasitesi verildi. Beyaz Saray'ın açıklamasında, elektrikli vasıta şarj ekipmanı sağlayıcısı Blink Charging'in ise üretim kapasitesini çoğaltmak amacıyla 49 milyon dolar yatırım gerçeklştirmeyi taahhüt ettiği aktarıldı. Amazon'un 2030'a kadar 100 bin elektrikli dağıtım aracını yollara çıkarma taahhüdünün bir parçası olarak 3 binden çok elektrikli dağıtım aracını pazara sürdüğüne de işaret edilen açıklamada, okul otobüsü hizmetlerinde mühim bir tedarikçi olan First Student'ın da 2035'e kadar 30 bin fosil yakıtla çalışan okul otobüsünü elektrikli okul otobüsleriyle değiştirmeyi taahhüt ettiği bildirildi. ...I can tell by the blank stare on your face that you've probably never heard of it. And that's ok, because now I can tell you about it! So a quick history and geography lesson, then.... Estonia is located on the Baltic Sea. It is one of the three Baltic States, alongside Latvia and Lithuania. All three were once part of the U.S.S.R. Today, though, Estonia and its Baltic brethren are members of the European Union, but just Estonia uses the Euro (since January of this year). Estonia has only about 1.3 million people living within its borders and the official language is (You guessed it!) Estonian. Estonian is in the Finno-Ugric language group--meaning it is similar to Finnish and distantly related to Hungarian. Apparently, it is one of the most difficult languages to learn (14 grammatical cases). It shares its terrestrial borders with Russia and Latvia, and its maritime border with Finland. It is a relatively flat country about the size of New Hampshire and Vermont combined, with numerous marshes, islands, and forests. In fact, more than 50% of Estonia is forested. It's got a large amount of wildlife due to its intact environments and it, along with Finland, is one of the most wildlife-populated places in Europe. After regaining its independence in the early 1990s through the famous Singing Revolution, its stunted economy grew quite rapidly. So rapidly that, until recently, Estonia was known as the "Baltic Tiger" because of its fierce economic growth. So that's Estonia, basically. در بررسی چشمانداز وضعیت صنعت سرب و روی در سال ۹۶ عنوان شد: درحالحاضر بیش از ۳میلیون تن ظرفیت تبدیل کنسانتره سرب و روی به شمش در کشور وجود دارد و میزان تولید داخلی سرب و روی در کشور نزدیک به ۳تا ۴ برابر مصرف داخلی است. در حال حاضر شمش روی در بورس کالای ایران عرضه می شود، اما اگر سرب نیز همچون مس و آلومینیوم به صورت منظم در بورس کالا عرضه و قیمت ها بر اساس عرضه و تقاضا تعیین شود، از قیمت متعادل و بازار شفاف تری برخوردار خواهد شد. Chu Shong Tin Sticking hands is the necessary step in learning the fighting principles of Wing Chun. The purpose is to train the application of the movements and the ingenious responses in fighting so one can foster the natural reflexes of the movements. In order to develop the superior, natural and habitual reflexes, one needs to have a rigorous basis in sticking hands training. Because of this reason, the practise of sticking hands is divided into the following stages: single sticking hand, rolling hands, practising the defencing and attacking techniques and free sparring and requires to be learnt step by step. When some of the people discuss the sticking hands of Wing Chun, they consider that the techniques in sticking hands are effective only when there is arm(s) contact with the opponent. The Wing Chun practitioner can then feel what the opponents are doing and respond to the action and fight back. In fighting, if the opponents can avoid arm(s) contact with the Wing Chun practitioner then they think the function of sticking hands cannot be used. This idea is due to the lack of their understanding of Wing Chun. Sticking hands does not need to have arm(s) contact in its reponses to the action of the opponent. The purpose of sticking hands are diverse and need to be coordinated together in order to achieve the best fighting result. The procedures and purposes of sticking hands, generally, can be divided as follow: |(1)||Single sticking hands;| |(2)||Rolling arms or also called rotating arms;| |(3)||Practising defencing and attacking techniques or called the double sticking hands;| |(4)||Application of force (No actual force is required but it is difficult to find a proper phrase to replace it.);| |(5)||Establish and utilise the natural reflexes of "Loy Lau Hoi Shun, Lut Sau Ja Chung" (Means: when a person strikes in, one should neutralise his incoming force. When his force is withdrawing, one should move in. When he removes his hand(s) away, one should strike in.);| |(6)||Seek the profound techniques of facing one's shadow, chasing one's shadow and pointing towards the centre line.| (1) Single Sticking Hands: It is the first step in learning the sticking hands of Wing Chun by practising the usage of the defencing and attacking techniques of Tan, Bong and Fook Sau. Generally, beginners will find it difficult in using Tan and Bong Sau when they receive a downward pressing force from the opponent. They will feel that the application of force in Fook Sau has a dominant advantage over the other movements. However, if one can understand the rotational skill of Tan Sau and Bong Sau, not only can he intimidate the one using the Fook Sau but he can also tire out that person very easily. In contrast, if the person can utilitse the Fook Sau properly, he can also make the user of Tan or Bong Sau feels very difficult to withstand his force. This is a contradicting matter but however, the one who can apply the movements the best will win. (2) Rolling arms: Both sides try to practise with theTan, Bong and Fook Sau to form a circular rotating movement resulting in redirecting force, applying pressure on the opponent, finding the way to withstand the pressure from the opponent, feeling how to upset the balance of the opponent by using a proper technique and developing a complete relaxed shoulder-joints even when one is under pressure. If one can relax his shoulder-joints more, the force developed from the initial sliding movement of the joint(s) will increase which will lead to the acceleration of the rotation movements and thus creating the best result of tractive and striking forces. To be continued... Copyright ©2001 Wing Chun Kuen by Chu Shong Tin, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Konu açılmışken bir hatanı ben söyleyeyim. Kaleyi feda ettim ve maalesef yedin. kaleyi almak yerine, şahı savunacak bir hamle yapsan mat olmazdın. Saat 1'i 10 geçe oynamak isteyen var mı? Molamda oynayayım dedim. Kaleyi feda ettiğinde mat olacağımı gördüm ve şahı savunacak bir hamle düşündüm 1-2 dakika. Bulamayınca en azından kalesini alıp öyle yenileyim dedim. معاون بهداد فراجا تاكید كرد ضرورت هوشیاری برای جلوگیری از موج هشتم کرونا در یگان ها به گزارش بکسیها، معاون بهداد فراجا بر ضرورت هوشیاری برای جلوگیری از خیز تند موج هشتم کرونا در یگان ها تاکید نمود. به گزارش بکسیها به نقل از مهر، سردار هادی شیرزاد با اشاره به اینکه موج هشتم بیماری کرونا در کشور همچنان در جریان است، اظهار داشت: با وجود شیب ملایم این موج اما همزمان شدن آن با شلوغی اماکن عمومی بخصوص افزایش سفرها و دورهمی ها در نوروز و تعطیلات پیش رو با احتمال تهدید جدی خیز بیماری در فروردین ماه ۱۴۰۲ مواجه هستیم. معاون بهداد فراجا افزود: برای حفظ شرایط موجود و جلوگیری از شیوع و افزایش موارد ابتلاء در یگان ها رعایت موازین بهداشتی با تکیه بر استفاده از ماسک در اماکن مسقف بخصوص افراد دارای علایم مشابه سرماخوردگی به صورت ویژه، حائز اهمیت می باشد. وی بر ضرورت تهویه مناسب اماکن مسقف بخصوص آسایشگاه ها و اماکن غذایی، سالن غذاخوری، رستوران ها و بوفه ها تصریح کرد و متذکر شد: اقدامات پیشگیرانه در مراکز آموزش و مراکز زیست دسته جمعی باید تشدید شود. شیرزاد همینطور جداسازی افراد مبتلا به علایم مشابه سرماخوردگی در مراکز آموزش را تا زمان بهبود، مورد تاکید قرار داد و تصریح کرد: تزریق دُز یادآور واکسن برای جلوگیری از ابتلاء یا تخفیف عوارض بیماری همچنان راهکار سفارش شده مراجع علمی است. معاون بهداد فراجا برای جلوگیری از ابتلاء به بیماری کرونا و سایر بیماری های شایع تنفسی فصلی سفارش کرد: دید و بازدیدهای سال نو تا حد امکان مدیریت و حفظ فاصله اجتماعی یک متر، اجتناب از روبوسی و رعایت بهداشت دست ها با جدیت رعایت شود. این مطلب را می پسندید؟ (0) (0) تازه ترین مطالب مرتبط نظرات کاربران بکسیها در مورد این مطلب iPhone’unuzda bulunan fotoğraf
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ken, İskoç parlamentosunun referandum düzenleme yetkisi olmadığı yönünde karar alınması halinde yapılacak bir sonraki seçimin de fiili referandum sayılacağını belirtti. İskoçya, Brexit’e hayır demişti Birleşik Krallık’ta Avrupa Birliği üyeliği konusunda 23 Haziran 2016 yapılan referandumda yüzde 67 ile birlikten ayrılması kararı çıkmıştı. Referandumda, İngiltere ve Galler “evet” yönünde oy kullanırken, Kuzey İrlanda ve İskoçya “hayır” demişti. “Black Male: Representations of Masculinity in Contemporary American Art” was a landmark exhibition at New York’s Whitney Museum of American Art organized by curator Thelma Golden in 1994. Art historian Linda Nochlin lauded the show in our March 1995 issue. In her essay Nochlin not only discusses the exhibition’s dissection of stereotype and caricature in depictions of black men, but also describes how it taught her to look differently at historical artists such as Manet and Poussin. “I was struck by how preternaturally white all of Poussin’s figures are-obvious, of course, but for that very reason, unnoticed before. Not just white, but different shades of white, ranging from chalky matte pallor to rosy, ivory tones,” she writes. “But then again, not quite all. Alerted by the Whitney show, I noticed that the figures in Poussin’s largest painting,The Miracle of St. Francis Xavier, 1641, are not white at all, but yellow.” We are publishing Nochlin’s essay online in recognition of Black History Month. The “Black Male” show at the Whitney Museum is one of the liveliest and most visually engaging exhibitions to have appeared in New York this season. Richly disparate in its offerings, ranging from traditional painting to pure textuality, from photography to the altered object, from video to installation, the show (which will open at the UCLA/Armand Hammer Museum, Los Angeles, in April) reaches out to the viewer’s eye and intellect at once. It is a multicultural event in the best, and strictest, sense of the term. Although the show’s title succinctly announces its unifying theme, the representations of the subject are as varied as the artistic imaginations involved, and the artists themselves include both people of color and whites, women as well as men, gay and straight people. The visions of black manhood they articulate are variously negative and positive, stereotypical and questioning, ambiguous and interestingly ambivalent, realistic and abstract. In general, the imagery on view speaks also of sophistication and visual inventiveness. The show challenges preconceptions even as it works, often poignantly, sometimes angrily and painfully, with misconceptions. Of course, this is a highly political art, with all the attendant felicities. And perhaps because it makes no attempt to conceal its social engagement, the show has received an unwarranted share of dismissive or less-than-serious reviews from the mainstream press. Somehow, the notion that art might be concerned with representation, stereotype, truth and justice while at the same time maintaining a highly inventive formal and esthetic standard has, in recent years, been pushed aside by the flood of cheap anti-“political correctness” rhetoric spewed out by the popular media. This flood has now apparently crept up to higher levels of criticism as well. Whatever one makes of the current jihad against political art, the fact remains that the great Western tradition of art has always included questions of identity, of ethnicity, of national and ethnic representation, and, indeed, of outright political debate within its capacious embrace. Only very recently has Western art been distilled—or reduced—to an essence of pure form, in which any tincture of social comment is considered a taint. Before going on to a more detailed consideration of the “Black Male” exhibition, I should like to make my own position clear. Yes, I am a believer in multiculturalism; yes, I feel that politics and social issues play an important role in both art and criticism. Why else would I be teaching David, Goya, Manet and Daumier these many years? I believe in inclusiveness—in openness to other visions and articulations besides the mainstream ones approved by the purity police. But I am also totally immersed in the great historical tradition of Western high art. And I am an esthetic creature to my very fingertips. I, like many feminist art-historical friends, swoon over Cézanne and Manet, Fragonard and Watteau, at the same time that I vibrate to Cindy Sherman or Kiki Smith or Adrian Piper. Not for nothing did I title my most recent public lecture “Why the 1860s Is the Best Decade of the 19th Century—Or Any Other.” The “Black Male” show could not have come into being outside the Western tradition, which of course includes within it, as part of its very nature, a legacy of protest and violent negation of its own values. My first look at the “Black Male” show took place on the eve of my departure for Paris to see the great Poussin exhibition at the Grand Palais. From Paris I went on to South Africa, where, amid the unfolding of a new multicultural world, I gave a lecture on Mary Cassatt. Seeing Poussin with the “Black Male” show still on my mind made me look at this brilliant, classical but quirky artist differently. I was struck by how preternaturally white all of Poussin’s figures are—obvious, of course, but for that very reason, unnoticed before. Not just white, but different shades of white, ranging from chalky matte pallor to rosy, ivory tones. But then again, not quite all. Alerted by the Whitney show, I noticed that the figures in Poussin’s largest painting, The Miracle of St. Francis Xavier, 1641, are not white at all, but yellow. For depicting this incident, which had taken place when the saint was a missionary in Japan, Poussin used contemporary prints delineating Japanese physiognomy as the basis for his characters, who represent the different stages of understanding that accompanied the miraculous resurrection of a young girl in Kagoshima—astonishment, surprise, gratitude, despair. But the shifts in my perception of Poussin weren’t limited to matters of skin color. The “Black Male” show also emphasizes the role of gender—the ambiguous status of maleness itself—and it made me realize the remarkable extent to which Poussin’s work involves gender issues. Mapplethorpe’s startlingly estheticized photographs of black male models, as well as Lyle Ashton Harris’s witty “Constructs” (1989), nude and seminude self-portraits, deliberate in their anti-estheticism, stayed with me, as did Dawn Ader DeDeaux’s gold-leafed Rambo (1991) and Jennie Livingston’s film Paris is Burning (1990). Together they shed new light on paintings like Poussin’s Narcissus, in which the title character offers up his lovely, doomed body to the spectator like a gift on the surface of the picture plane. They also made me think differently about paintings like Renaldo and Armida, Tancred and Herminia or Achilles Among the Daughters of Lycomedes, in which sex-role reversal is involved: men are in drag, or a powerful woman gazes down amorously at a beautiful, sleeping, available man. Of course, the point of the “Black Male” show is not, primarily, to enable the viewer, black or white, to revise the great Western tradition. Rather, the works it presents call into question the vicious tradition of stereotype and caricature, omnipresent in both high and popular art but most widely visible in the production of mass culture, that has characterized the representation of the black male in modern times. Gary Simmons, in his installation, Step in the Arena (The Essentialist Trap), 1994, makes this point vividly with a synecdoche of reductivism: two kinds of shoes, tap and boxing, stand for stereotypical “achievement.” The path to success for the black man has been reduced to the role of entertainer, a limitation marked off by the boundaries of the “ring” itself, and further evoked by the blurred choreography defining its surface. Yet of all the artists in the “Black Male” show, Robert Colescott most vigorously confronts the black stereotypes of popular culture. He embeds them in the icons of the Western tradition itself and sends up both through brilliant and tremendously bitter parody, a parody which depends as much on formal strategies as it does on outrageous revision of subject matter. Such parody was, of course, not unknown to the French 19th-century vanguard. Think of Manet’s deadpan send-up of Giorgione’s Fête Champêtre in his modish Déjeuner sur l’herbe, or of Titian’s idealized Venus in the brazen Olympia. Likewise, caricaturists depended on hilarious parody to pillory the past, as in Daumier’s series on the outmoded performances of classical drama or Homeric poetry. But in a work like Colescott’s Temptation of St. Anthony (1983), the specificity of the stereotype—the black man tempted by comic-strip images of white pulchritude—gives new meaning to the old trope of exaggerated homage. The stereotype of resistance to lust is both embodied in and deconstructed by the humorously intensified painterliness of the brushstrokes. Colescott overloads his academic prototype with the banality of pulp fiction and the yellow press, sources of sexual intensity from which, incidentally, the youthful Cézanne also drew for his versions of this subject. But it is precisely in moving away from stereotype, as well as the easy construction of “positive” images, that some of the most original photographic artists in the show repudiate the very notion of an emblematic black male. Instead we get ambiguously constructed instances in which individual artists—in these cases, black women—confront, with a sophisticated and contemporary self-consciousness, particular instances of their subjects. Carrie Mae Weems, in her Untitled (Kitchen Table Series), 1990, explores the domestic relationship between a specific black man and woman in minute but fragmented detail, so that the spectator, as curator Thelma Golden points out in her perceptive introduction to the catalogue, is encouraged the enter the narrative. Lorna Simpson, in her photographic series “Gestures/Reenactments” (1985), uses a visually reduced yet intellectually complex interweaving of text and image to construct an individual in terms not merely of his body, but of his relationships to the wider community of family and friends. Still other photographic works, like Renée Cox’s It Shall Be Named (1994), refer back to traditional art forms—in this case, the shaped crucifixes of 13th- and 14th-century Italy—with deep solemnity. The modern “distortions” and elisions of Cox’s representation interact with the reference to iconic martyrdom to evoke the terrible history of lynchings, beating and emasculation visited on the bodies of black men in this country. Whatever one thinks of the current jihad against political art, the Western art tradition has always included ethnic and national concerns in its embrace. In South Africa, at the National Gallery in Capetown, members of the Ndebele nation had enlivened the Neo-Classical facade of the building with colorful architectural decoration. Within was a striking show of remarkable art and architecture, beadwork and exterior decoration, produced by a group ravaged by the dislocations of colonialism and apartheid who nevertheless rebuild their national traditions, mainly through the cultural productions of women. “This,” said the museum newsletter, “can inspire all South Africans in our search for renewal, reinvention and nation building.” In the next gallery, fortunately tucked away in relative obscurity, was a memento of colonialism’s contribution to the great Western tradition in South Africa. This group of 10th-rate foxhunting scenes had been donated to the gallery by a wealthy benefactor with the proviso that they always remain on view, as one shamefaced young curator admitted to me as we hurried by to see the Ndebele achievement. It was just a reminder that the Western tradition is not always so great; it contains a lot that suffers in comparison with the production of so-called minorities and the cultural workers of the “Third World.” Such worthlessly enshrined relics also remind us that we who have inherited that tradition must constantly revise, deconstruct and reconsider it in the light of present-day concerns and passions. The “Black Male” show powerfully demonstrates the many ways in which this obligation may be accomplished. Without this force of critical, often excessive renewal—a renewal, it seems to me, now best accomplished by formerly marginalized groups and individuals—the Western tradition is not a source of vital cultural life at all but a ritualized entombment, the burial celebration of dead artifacts by ossified sensibilities. Pitfalls of Transactions with PHPby Kimberlee Jensen Transactions -- a database management system (DBMS) feature that enables data recovery on internal errors -- raise significant controversy among developers. Some view transactions as a crutch, while others view them as a necessity. Using transactions can save time and money, because transactions enable databases to restore themselves. But inappropriate use of transactions means wasted overhead and impeded performance. And transactions do not replace programming; sadly, some developers have foregone error trapping and data validation, thinking that transactions will catch all errors. Transaction support in a DBMS or its table types is defined using the ACID test: - Atomicity is an all-or-none proposition. - Consistency guarantees that a transaction never leaves your database in a half-finished state. - Isolation keeps transactions separated until they're finished. - Durability guarantees that the database will keep track of pending changes in such a way that the server can recover from an abnormal termination. Initially, the MySQL DBMS did not support transactions. As of version 3.23-max, MySQL supports transactions with two additional table types, InnoDB and BDB. InnoDB is recommended for its CPU efficiency and support of row-level and multiple-concurrency locking. Now that MySQL has full transaction support, PHP developers need to incorporate them effectively. Although PHP 4.x lacks native transaction functions, transaction statements can be used the same way as standard SQL queries. When to Use Transactions To maximize the use of transactions, developers should follow these simple guidelines: Use transactions for mission-critical actions that must all complete. Completing an online purchase is mission-critical. Browsing a list of top sellers is not. Use transactions for data subject to race conditions. Even though the database server and operating system are multi-threaded and can process multiple queries concurrently, the specific group of queries must be processed in order and cannot be processed independently out of order. Use transactions in conjunction with, not as a replacement for data validation and programmatic error trapping. By supporting transactions, the DBMS provides an extreme level of reliability and drastically reduces the need for manual recovery and data integrity validation. However, any transaction, by definition, adds overhead because at some level, the DBMS must lock data and take a snapshot of the data at the outset. So transactions must be used appropriately. Transactions Versus Errors Developers can sometimes misunderstand the definition of a transaction failure. The transaction will fail when the database engine itself has an error that causes a query or queries not to complete. The most common misconception is that 0 rows returned or affected are considered a failure. For example, if a DELETE FROM tablex WHERE fieldy = 10 returns 0 affected rows, that is considered a successful query according to the transaction definition because the query completed and returned its affected rows. Whether the number of affected rows matches the expected result is a matter for programming, not transactions. Some developers believe transactions mean the elimination of programming, even using transactions in
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our hearts, that all these blessings were produced by some superior wisdom and virtue of our own. Intoxicated with unbroken success, we have become too self-sufficient to feel the necessity of redeeming and preserving grace, too proud to pray to the God that made us. It behooves us then, to humble ourselves before the offended Power, to confess our national sins, and to pray for clemency and forgiveness. Lincoln ended the proclamation by calling on all Americans to set aside the day of Thursday, April 30, 1863, as “a day of humiliation, fasting and prayer.” He urged them “to abstain on that day from their secular pursuits and to unite at their several places of public worship...” Can you imagine an American President issuing such a proclamation today? Members of Congress would undoubtedly introduce motions for his impeachment, based upon his violation of “the separation of church and state.” Our nation has secularized and paganized so quickly since the 1950s that most Americans today could not even conceive of a President calling the nation to prayer. Yet many did so, and some even offered public prayers themselves. Take Franklin Roosevelt for example. As the D-Day landings were taking place on the French beaches of Normandy in June of 1944, President Roosevelt led the nation in prayer via a national radio broadcast. The prayer lasted 3 minutes and 36 seconds and included these words:2 Almighty God: Our sons, pride of our Nation, this day have set upon a mighty endeavor, a struggle to preserve our Republic, our religion, and our civilization, and to set free a suffering humanity. Lead them straight and true; give strength to their arms, stoutness to their hearts, steadfastness in their faith. They will need Thy blessings. Their road will be long and hard. For the enemy is strong. He may hurl back our forces. Success may not come with rushing speed, but we shall return again and again; and we know that by Thy grace, and by the righteousness of our cause, our sons will triumph... I ask that our people devote themselves in a continuance of prayer. As we rise to each new day, and again when each day is spent, let words of prayer be on our lips, invoking Thy help to our efforts... With Thy blessing, we shall prevail over the unholy forces of our enemy. Help us to conquer the apostles of greed and racial arrogancies. Lead us to the saving of our country... Thy will be done, Almighty God. Amen. Audio copies of this great prayer can be found all over the Internet. I urge you to find a copy and listen to it. It will thrill your soul. Yet, when the World War II Memorial was being planned for the mall in Washington, D.C., the Obama Administration successfully opposed any mention of the prayer or any quote from it.3 Another example of how far and how quickly our nation has strayed from God can be found in a speech given in 1954 by Chief Justice Earl Warren to the National Prayer Breakfast. Warren was the former Governor of California and was appointed Chief Justice by President Eisenhower in 1953. Warren had this to say about the heritage of our nation:4 I believe no one can read the history of our country without realizing that the Good Book and the spirit of the Savior have from the beginning been our guiding geniuses. Whether we look to the first charter of Virginia or the Charter of New England or the Charter of Massachusetts Bay or the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, the same objective is present — a Christian land governed by Christian principles. I believe the entire Bill of Rights came into being because of the knowledge our forefathers had of the Bible and their belief in it... I like to believe we are living today in the spirit of the Christian religion. I like also to believe that as long as we do so, no great harm can come to our country. Again, can you imagine a Supreme Court nominee today speaking such words? He would be dismissed as a religious fanatic who was unworthy to serve our nation in the judiciary. Or, consider the unanimous Supreme Court decision rendered in 1892 (Holy Trinity v United States) in which the Court stated that our nation was not only historically and culturally religious, but that its very system of government and laws was based on a Christian worldview. The Court declared, “This is a religious people... this is a Christian nation.”5 One hundred and fourteen years later, in 2006, President Obama joyfully and proudly declared, “Whatever we once were, we are no longer just a Christian nation; we are also a Jewish nation, a Muslim nation, a Buddhist nation, a Hindu nation, and a nation of nonbelievers.”6 He could have also added that we have become a nation of pagans. There is no doubt that we have jettisoned our Christian heritage in favor of a society dominated by secularism and paganism. And we are reaping the consequences as we witness the moral collapse of our society. In the third and final segment of our look at what America desperately needs, we’ll cover the warning given in Romans 1. 1) Abraham Lincoln, “Proclamation Appointing a National Fast Day,” www. 2) FDR Presidential Library, “Franklin Roosevelt’s D-Day Prayer,” http://docs. 3) Todd Starnes, “Obama Administration Opposes FDR Prayer at WWII Memorial,” 4) Roger Schultz, “A Christian America: Earl Warren and Our Christian Roots.” 5) Justia, “Church of the Holy Trinity v. United States 143 U.S. 457 (1892),” 6) Sojourners, “Transcript: Obama’s 2006 Sojourners Call to Renewal Address on Faith and Politics,” https://sojo.net/articles/transcript-obamas-2006-sojourn @ 摘要 Isida Isida Bashny.Net 漂亮的衣服。 12(很多图片) Bashny.Net 延期 → 标签 照片,衣服 另请参见 新的! 订阅的一个摘要的最好的消息 Bashny.Net! Ок 谢谢你! 你的电子邮件在5分钟内将收到的一封信的最后一步的订阅。 订阅我们的群体在社会网络! bashny.net 新&值得注意 莫吉廖夫地区小灵 致命的石头和矿物 从电影最生动的纹身(17张) 咖啡 可爱的女孩 罗恩阿特金森和他的家人,他的妻子Sunetra和美容的女儿莉莉。 迪士尼公主在现实中 梅里安姆Uzerli展示女儿照片 吃饱本身的负鼠 新&值得注意 针织连衣裙的女孩 马拉Salvatrucha - 纹身 比利·米利根:在一个主体24个性 创意多毛的男人(17张) 在孟买的恐怖袭击(35张照片) 这是什么奇迹柴油? 冠军联赛:出名对所有参与者在四分之一决赛 什么稳定齐齐回家 25岁以下的男模特。 Silos per dosaggio reagenti Descrizione Il sistema di iniezione calce viene studiato per la neutralizzazione dei composti acidi gassosi che vengono trascinati nei fumi dei forni fusori. È impiegato per alimentare i reagenti, quali calce idrata o carbone attivo, su impianti di aspirazione fumi dove vengono impiegati agenti base di cloro, o su impianti dove si sviluppano composti acidi. Il sistema è realizzato da un silo di stoccaggio reagenti di varie misure, da un sistema di scarico a coclea o con valvole automatiche e un microdosatore del reagente. La quantità di materiale da scaricare viene gestita per mezzo di motovariatori o tramite inverter e può essere fatta in automatico a ciclo continuo o parziale. Applicazioni Silo per il dosaggio di calce per le attività di scorifica per abbattimento HCL e HF. Silo per il dosaggio di bicarbonato in polvere o granuli per abbattimento degli Sox derivanti dalla combustione. Silo per dosaggio e iniezione dei carboni attivi in polvere per abbattimento delle Diossine derivanti dalla combustione. Silo per stoccaggio materiali derivanti dai trasporti pneumatici. من احسان دهباری هستم بچه سراوان. برای کار به امارات رفته بودم که گیر مجاهدین و هوادارهای سازمان افتادم و به من گفتند اگر می خواهی کار کنی و پول بیشتری در بیاوری، با ما همکاری کن که بفرستیمت اروپا. من بعد از سه ماه که به امارات رفته بودم، با اینها آشنا شدم. من را به عراق فرستادند و به من قول پول دادند. گفتند اگر خوب کار کنی، هر ماه ۳۰۰۰ دلار و اگر کارت خوب نباشد ماهی ۱۰۰۰ دلار به تو می دهیم. من هم چون احتیاج به پول داشتم، رفتم با آنها همکاری کردم. موقعی که دیدم با دولت ایران دارند مبارزه می کنند و خیلی کثافت کاری داشتند، قبول نکردم. بعد بهم گفتند باید دو سال در خروجی بمانی و بعد ۸ سال می فرستیمت زندان ابوغریب، بعد از ۸ سال می فرستیمت ایران.من مجبور شدم صبر کنم تا خرداد ۸۴. جنگ آمریکا و عراق شروع شد که ما را بردند زمین (منطقه پراکندگی)، بعد از زمین که آمدیم یکی دو ماه نشستیم توی ارتش، بعد درخواست انصراف نوشتیم، ولی بازهم قبول نکردند. آمریکایی ها آمدند با تک تک نفرات صحبت کردند و به نیروهای آمریکایی جریان را گفتم و گفتم که ما را به زور نگه داشتند که یک دری باز شد و ما را فرستادند بیرون. حدود ۱۷ ماه توی کمپ آمریکایی ها بودم که رهبری ایران به ما عفو داد و من بلند شدم و آمدم ایران. من می خواستم بروم اروپا ولی چون که رهبری عفو داده بود، برگشتم ایران که پیش خانواده ام زندگی کنم. اگر بشود هم از نیروهای آمریکایی شکایت دارم که خیلی مرا اذیت کردند و واقعاً خیلی سختی کشیدیم و هم از مجاهدین و مسعود رجوی و دار و دسته اش شکایت دارم. اگر دادگاهی بوجود بیاید که من این شکایتها را از آنها بکنم و خیلی چیزها از آنها دیدم که باید بگویم. Through the history of the evolution of the descriptions and definitions of type 2 diabetes, one can begin to understand the disease. First described in the Ebbers papyrus, diabetes is a disease that has affected mankind for more than three millennia. During the renaissance, the term diabetes was coined as a disease. This Word came from a Greek word that meant siphon or to pass through. Later, physicians would attribute this name to the manifestation of excessive urine. Years later, diabetes would be classified into two major groups, diabetes mellitus, and diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus is characterized by dilute urine without sugar. Contrasting with diabetes mellitus which did have sugar. This is reflected in the etymological descriptors of each disease, insipidus meaning insipid or tasteless and mellitus meaning sweet. It is odd to think of professionals, like a physician, would taste the urine of men, however, it has been said that before the advances in biochemistry, a urine-ant test would be performed. Urine would be left out on the outside for a certain time if it attracted ants this meant that sugar was present in the patient’s urine. The difference between the two types was the origin of each. Diabetes insipidus is related to abnormal urine concentration abnormalities. While diabetes mellitus is directly associated with abnormalities in sugar blood levels. Afterward, it was observed that diabetes mellitus had several subtypes associated with its etiology, the most important subtypes being type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The initial difference was defined by the patient’s response to insulin. If the patient responded to insulin and this resulted in a decrease in glucose levels, the patient would be identified as insulin sensitive or type 1 diabetes. In contrast, type 2 diabetes patients would not respond to the administration of insulin. A complete definition of type 2 diabetes is far from complete if only the historical context, previously mentioned, is described. In order to completely describe type 2 diabetes mellitus, it is essential to provide a definition associating the current research and current context of the disease. A conceptual definition of type 2 diabetes mellitus could be the following. Type 2 diabetes is a disease resulting from the endocrine dysfunction of both the endocrine organ and the target organs which result in a chronic condition of hyperglycemia that is currently associated with this global chronic disease epidemic. Additionally, it is a disease with severe repercussions that can cause dysfunction in the diverse organ system leading to a decrease the quality of life or even death in some patients. The essential process ongoing in type 2 diabetes mellitus is the dysfunction of the endocrine regulation of the patient’s glycemia. Two essential processes of glycemic regulation are disrupted in type 2 diabetes, a patient’s sensibility to insulin effects in diverse organs and the pancreatic beta-cell secretion of insulin. In regular patients without type 2 diabetes, the variations in their glycemia are regulated through the following physiological process. First, after a meal two signals trigger the beta-cells to secrete insulin. The first signals originate from cells in the gastrointestinal tract which detect the contents of the meal and later relay messages to the pancreas that stimulate insulin secretion in the pancreatic beta-cells. These messages from the gastrointestinal tract are called the incretin hormones and include the glucagon-like peptide-1 and the gastrointestinal peptide. These chemical messages cause an increase in insulin secretion before the post-prandial glucose spike in blood levels. The second signal begins after food is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and increases glucose blood levels. Later pancreatic beta-cells sense the increase in the patient’s glycemia and secrete insulin. Finally, as a result of insulin secretion, several organs are induced into decreasing blood sugar levels. In a diabetic patient, as a result of genetic predisposition and numerous environmental factors, it is theorized there is an initial state of hyperglycemia, which triggers the secretion of insulin. Initially, the body is able to decrease the blood sugar levels but as time passes, with constant hyperglycemic conditions, the desensitization of insulin’s target organ can result. This desensitization is defined by the organ’s lack of responses towards insulin. Therefore, organs such as the muscles and the liver stop processing the signal and this results in further hyperglycemia which will, in turn, lead to more insulin secretion. This worsens the condition as hyperglycemia is further extended for longer periods Because of this type 2 diabetes can be described as a vicious cycle that perpetuates itself without clinical treatment. Recently, a second aspect has been observed in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. In some patients, there is an impaired insulin secretion in addition to insulin sensitivity. This is believed to be the result of the inflammatory state of diabetic patients. It is thought that the constant levels of increased blood sugar provoke this state of inflammation in the body. Additionally, beta-cells are particularly sensitive to the harmful effects of this inflammation and this induces a cellular death process. This results in the decrease in pancreatic beta-cell mass and consequently beta-cell functions. It is vital to point out that this is not the same situation with the pathogenesis of type one diabetes in which there is a destruction of beta-cells as a result of autoimmune abnormalities. The initial decrease in pancreatic beta-cell mass is the origin of the disease in type 1 diabetes. In contrast, in type two diabetes the decrease of beta-cell mass is believed to be a result of the initial process that caused the disease. This later will add on to the vicious cycle found in type 2 diabetes. However, it undeniable that there is some overlap in the pathogenic mechanism in which each disease is produced, each differing in their causes and epidemiology. Current studies are trying to portray the dysfunction of incretins in models of type 2 diabetes. There are not many studies addressing this issue but some have pointed out lower secretion levels of incretin. Nevertheless
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. This will mostly be done in orthopedic massage therapy by slowly healing the soft tissues so that they heal fast and go back to normal. One may require a number of such sessions since this are the only way that the healing process can be promoted. Movement therapy is important to the well-being on the body and particularly muscles and tendons. Making it a habit of going for sessions will help eliminate the threat of getting raptured tendons or any injury to your muscles that cause pain. 中西两方绘画的特点和不同之处 - 时间: - 浏览:0 - 来源:彩神大发快3_神彩大发快3官方 中西绘画的审美形态区别是十分明显的,中国传统绘画重言志抒情,西方传统绘画则重模仿自然,中国绘画讲究意境美,西方传统绘画则重视人体美;中国传统绘画呈现出哲学化的审美倾向,西方传统绘画呈现出科学化的审美倾向。中国画的审美基点在于“导致 ”,西方绘画的基点从属于“再现”,中国绘画追求形象之外的意,线条与超然的色彩更能充分表达主观感情说说,成为东方美术造型的主要手法。 展开全部 欧洲人致力于物象自然属性的研究,造型艺术便充分利用了自然科学,借助明暗规律光与色的关系,空间、体积、形态、运动的表现成为主要造型方式 。中国审美的本质在于尚意、领悟,对真实的理解是物体对应人情思后“升华了的真实”,西方的审美本质是尚行的,我们我们我们认为造型艺术的认识时需是由感性到理性的认识。而理性认识时需有明确的定义,审美时需有客观方式 ,有准确的概念,推斥了东方的“领悟性”,重视自然得人的美感及生活体验的功用。 Biography René Burri (Zurigo, 1933 – 2014) ha studiato alla Scuola di Arti Applicate di Zurigo. Dal 1953 al 1955 ha lavorato come documentarista e nel 1955 è diventato socio di Magnum Photos ricevendo l’attenzione internazionale per uno dei suoi primi reportage sui bambini sordomuti, Touch of Music for the Deaf, pubblicato sulla rivista LIFE. Nel 1956 viaggiò attraverso l’Europa, il Medio Oriente e l’America Latina, dove realizzò una serie fotgrafica sui Gauchos che fu pubblicata dalla rivista Du nel 1959 e successivamente ne uscì un libro. Fu anche per questo periodico svizzero che fotografò artisti come Picasso, Giacometti e Le Corbusier. Nel 1963, mentre lavorava a Cuba, fotografò Ernesto ‘Che’ Guevara durante un’intervista con un giornalista americano. Queste immagini iconiche sono apparse nelle più importanti pubblicazioni di tutto il mondo. Burri partecipò alla creazione di Magnum Films nel 1965 e in seguito trascorse sei mesi in Cina dove realizzò il film The Two Faces of China prodotto dalla BBC. René Burri ha pubblicato numerosi libri, anche se il suo libro più famoso fu The Germans (1962), uno sguardo serio e parzialmente umoristico rivolto alla nazione con cui Burri aveva molte cose in comune, ma che poteva osservare da lontano. Un’altra pubblicazione importante è Burri’s Brasilia: Photographs 1960-1993, in cui ha lavorato a stretto contatto con gli architetti della città Oscar Niemeyer e Lucio Costa, che venne ristampato nel 2010 per il 50 ° anniversario della capitale brasiliana. Nel 2004, una retrospettiva del suo lavoro di oltre 50 anni si è tenuta presso la Maison Européenne de la Photographie a Parigi e successivamente in molti altri musei europei. Rene Burri divenne membro di Magnum Photos nel 1959 e fondò l’omonima fondazione presso il Musée de L’Élysee a Losanna nel 2013. روزنامه وال استریت ژورنال آمریکا اعلام کرد بمبی که با آن بیمارستان المعمدانی در غزه مورد حمله قرار گرفت، بمب آمریکایی MK-۸۴ بوده است. مارک ۸۴ (Mark ۸۴ ) بمب سقوط آزاد چندمنظوره ساخت آمریکا است که حدود یک تن وزن داشته و قدرت تخریب بسیار بالایی دارد. پ Elezione al Consiglio federale 26 agosto 2009 Il presidente del PSS, Christian Levrat, interrogato da La Regione del 26 agosto 2009 a proposito di una candidatura ticinese al Consiglio federale"La scorsa settimana e ancora ieri il consigliere nazionale Andreas Gross ha però fatto il nome del senatore ticinese Dick Marty.Marty sarebbe un eccellente consigliere federale. Ha il carisma dell’uomo di Stato ed è una personalità che gode diampia stima all’interno del Parlamento. Su questo non ho dubbi. Aggiungo anche che è oggi in grado di rappresentarela Svizzera all’estero meglio del Consiglio federale. Non è tuttavia nostro compito quello di proporre la sua candidatura. È un problema interno al suo partito. Non dobbiamo neppure dimenticare che la sezione ticinese del Partito liberale radicale si è schierata da tempo a favore di Fulvio Pelli. A questo punto si rischia di creare una situazione molto delicata» fa notare Levrat che non nasconde comunque le sue simpatie personali per il consigliere agli Stati ticinese." 27 agosto 2009 Mentre nel Blog della rivista L'HEBDO del 27 agosto 2009 ... 9 settembre 2009 Segnalo pure un editoriale, assai lusinghiero, della Chronique di Jacques Pillet nella rivista L'EBDO del 9 settembre 2009. 16 settembre a Capogruppo PLR ricorda all'Assemblea federale che Marty non è candidato. Beh, 34 voti per un non candidato è una piacevole sorpresa. Sono salito alla tribuna per un breve intervento: "Marty Dick (RL, TI): Colgo l'occasione per ringraziare coloro che con il loro voto mi hanno testato simpatia e stima. Ringrazio anche coloro che in queste ultime settimane hanno ritenuto che potessi essere un candidato idoneo alla successione di Pascal Couchepin. Ho dichiarato a una domanda precisa, la settimana scorsa, che nell'ipotesi di un'elezione l'avrei accettata. Non credo che sia una manifestazione di supponenza, ma voleva essere una testimonianza a favore della Svizzera italiana che una volta ancora è non solo esclusa, ma semplicemente - direi - dimenticata. Ho accettato questa eventualità in modo provocatorio per farvi riflettere sull'importanza di una vera rappresentatività in questo consesso, nel consesso del Consiglio federale. La Svizzera italiana è stata in fondo impedita dalle circostanze, ma si è messa anche lei stessa nella situazione di non poter veramente esprimere una candidatura. Mi auguro, tenuto conto della preoccupante situazione dei rapporti tra la Svizzera e la Confederazione - perché ritengo che sia preoccupante -, che questa elezione sia lo spunto per una riflessione sulla natura dei contatti tra il cantone Ticino, la Svizzera italiana a sud delle alpi, e il resto della Confederazione. Deve essere, credo, anche e soprattutto, essere fatta una riflessione nel mio cantone affinché si rifletta come vogliamo affrontare questi rapporti con la Berna federale e quale immagine vogliamo trasmettere a Berna - un'immagine che dobbiamo riconoscerlo non è sempre stata quella che avrebbe potuto e dovuto essere. Grazie ancora. Vi invito a votare per i candidati detti ufficiali, e vi prego anche di riflettere su cosa significherebbe un cambiamento oggi delle regole della concordanza. (Acclamazioni) " Nell'editoriale in prima pagina del quotidiano "24 Heures": "Dans le concert bien orchestré de la comédie politique jouée hier sous la coupole, les 34 votes obtenus par Dick Marty sortent du lot des calculs. Ils rappellent qu’on aurait pu porter à la tête du pays un personnage d’une rare compétence, à l’esprit indépendant et à la hauteur de vue reconnue, voix respectée dans les cercles internationaux. En lieu et place, le Conseil fédéral hérite d’un honnête homme, droit, intelligent, pondéré. Un favori idéal, comme on dirait d’un gendre." Per chi avrebbe votato l'ex ministro degli affari esteri originario di Neuchâtel ? L?Express del 17 settembre 2009: En fait, durant cette élection, Pierre Aubert avait un autre favori: le Tessinois Dick Marty. «Un homme de terrain extraordinaire, qui a, sans conteste, le gabarit d'un conseiller fédéral. J'ai beaucoup apprécié ses déclarations, en italien, sur la nécessité de reconsidérer le problème Suisse-Tessin. J'ai donc été agréablement surpris par les 34 voix qu'il a récoltées au premier tour. Et je pense qu'au prochain poste vacant, il pourrait être à nouveau candidat.» Consiglio federale: un passo indietro ... L'ex-Consigliere Nazionale Heiner Studer ha pubblicato un libro dal titolo Auch Politiker sind Menschen (Blaukreuz Verlag, Bern, 2009); mi dedica il seguente passaggio: Als Kaspar Villiger Sitz im Bundesrat Ende 2003 frei wurde, fragte ich den Tessiner Ständerat Dick Marty, ob er nicht eine gewisse Lust für die Ausübung dieses Amtes verspüre. Keinesfalls, war seine spontane und unmissverständliche Antwort. Wenn er sich vorstelle im Nationalrat stundenlangeine Debatte mitverfolgen zu müssen, dann graue es ihm davor. Dass der sehr eigenständige und im guten Sinne eigenwillige Tessiner FDP Politiker lieber als engagierter Einzelkämpfer auftritt, ist aufgrund seiner Persönlichkeit verständlich. Er gehört zu denjenigen Politikern, die sich erfreulicherweise exponieren, auch wenn es nicht unbedingt populär ist. Le recenti rivelazioni sulle carceri segrete della CIA, hanno indotto il Beobachter del 21 agosto 2009 a scrivere un commento assai lusinghiero. In occasione del conferimento del premio 2007 dell'Associazione della stampa estera in Svizzera, il quotidiano Le Temps del 30 aprile 2007 pubblica un ritratto intitolato: - Dick Marty chevalier Bayard Mentre la Tribune de Genève pubblica un pezzo il 3 3 maggio 2007: - Dick Marty l'éternel indigné 我在生命中是否隐藏了甚么,以致阻碍了与神和与配偶的关系? 2:25 你有没有留意过婴儿在众多陌生人面前赤身露体地爬行,一点也不觉得难堪?他没有觉察到自己是赤条条的,正如亚当与夏娃在犯罪以前对此也毫无尴尬一样。但犯罪以后,他们感到羞耻和尴尬,跟神有了隔阂。我们在婚姻里也常常碰到这些障碍。夫妇间应该没有隔膜,双方能够坦然地彼此敞开,但因为我们有些事情不想让配偶或神知道,于是我们就会掩盖自己并藏起来,像亚当夏娃围上无花果树的叶子并躲避神一样(3:7)。婚姻若缺少灵性上、感情上、理智上的结合,肉体上的亲密关系往往也会受到破坏。同样,当我们不能向神陈明内心的隐秘时,我们与他的交通也会断绝了。 →如果您认为本注释还有待完善,请 编辑注释 欢迎有相关恩赐的弟兄姊妹踊跃参与本站事工 标签: 暂无标签 本节注释内容仅供学习参考,因神给每人的恩赐各有不同, 弟兄姊妹文化水平存在差异,建议您多参加各类灵修聚会。 0 İzmir'in Torbalı ilçesinde oturmaktayım. Gündüzleri sabah 9'dan akşam 9 veya 10'a kadar hiçbir şekilde evimde bir şey yok. Bu suları gündüz kesiyorlar mı ne yapıyorlar anlamış değilim hadi her şeyi bir kenarı bıraktım ben her ay 50-60 TL su faturası ödüyorum böyle bir adalet olamaz. Bu konuyla ilgili mahalle de şikayetçi çok insan var bir çözüm bulunmasını acilen rica etmekteyim. Milano, 14 febbraio 2014 – E’ tornato in libertà Milos Stizanin, l’uomo accusato di favoreggiamento perchè avrebbe aiutato Remi Nikolic, il giovane rom che travolse e uccise a bordo di un suv il vigile urbano Niccolo’ Savarino a Milano. Il giudice della quarta sezione penale di Milano, Oscar Magi, ha infatti accolto l’istanza della difesa revocando la misura degli arresti domiciliari, dopo che nei giorni scorsi il rom serbo era stato condannato a 2 anni e 6 mesi. Il giudice aveva condannato Stizanin concedendogli le attenuanti generiche e disponendo la sospensione condizionale della pena a patto che l’imputato risarcisca le parti civili. In quell’occasione, invece, il giudice non aveva revocato la misura cautelare degli arresti domiciliari che erano stati concessi al rom dal riesame lo scorso gennaio, dopo che il giovane era finito in carcere nell’agosto 2013, estradato dalla Bosnia dopo un periodo di latitanza. L’avvocato Russo, però, dopo la sentenza ha presentato un’istanza sostenendo che per legge non si può condizionare la sospensione della pena al pagamento di un risarcimento, ma al massimo si può indicare un termine per versare il risarcimento, comunque sospendendo la pena da subito e revocando le eventuali misure cautelari. Istanza che è stata accolta dal giudice e Stizanin è stato rimesso in libertà. Fonte Il Giorno 数理金融的核心书目,无非包括三类,金融、数学及编程(python)。 金融 - 入门多用John Hull的那照所谓华尔街圣经,Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives(《期权、期货和另衍生品》),现在且产生至第九版了。清华大学出版社发出这本开之影印版。 - Hull还出一样照《期货和期权市场导论》 (第七本子),北大出版社之着译本(这个剧本较新),数学处理及于前的“圣经”简单,但针对了解世界知识同样发生因此。 金融数学 - Steven Shreve的鲜窝Stochastic Calculus for Finance,卷一The Binomial Asset Pricing Model和卷二Continuous-Time Models,世界图书出版公司还有影印本,叫做《金融自由分析》。 - Methods of Mathematical Finance(《金融数学方法》) - Brownian Motion and Stochastic Calculus(《布朗运动和任意计算》)。都是Springer的精装黄皮本子,比较细,还好。 - Salih Neftci的几乎照,武大出版社吗发生影印本,不过都是平装的台本,纸张看正在不爽快,Principles of Financial Engineering(《金融工程原理》), - An Introduction to the Mathematics of Financial Derivatives(《金融衍生工具数学导论》)。 - 西南财经大学出版社也来影印本,叫做《金融衍生工具被的数学》。今年西南财经也援引了几随看正在科学的书。 - Baxter和Rennie合著的Financial Calculus: An Introduction to Derivative Pricing (Cambridge) ,图灵图书在人民邮电出版社发生影印本和负译本,唤作《金融数学—衍生产品定价引论》。图灵做的书还比好。 - 最中心的经济数学(随机微积分)参考书,以上就够了。其他数学课程,如偏微分、数值分析之类,在数学系的书目里,能挑的便又多矣。国内还是还会找到 Paul Glasserman的那么按照Monte Carlo Methods in Financial Engineering(《金融工程被之蒙特卡罗智》),高教出版社巧出了一个影印版。 image.png ,最好的修国内还推荐了(除了Paul Wilmott on Quantitative Finance,北大图书馆与国图有窖藏,最新2版三卷本): 编程 有的冤家还当徘徊,是为此C好与否,还是Java好?或者,Excel VBA、Matlab似乎为不错,最近C#也类似特别流行,R
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Nature. The bodies of water are more than half a mile deep under Mars' surface and span an area of nearly 30,000 square miles, according to Nature. The largest lake found in 2018 may be nearly 20 miles wide, while the other three are much smaller. The scientists relied on data collected by the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding, or MARSIS, on the European Space Agency's Mars Express orbiter. The MARSIS uses radio waves to detect the types of materials on Mar's surface and subsurfaces. The instrument was used in 2018 by some of the same scientists to document the first body of water. According to Nature, the 2018 results were based on 29 observations made from 2012 to 2015. The results published Tuesday relied on 134 observations from 2012 to 2019. "We are much more confident now," Pettinelli told NBC News. "We did many more observations, and we processed the data completely differently." Pettinelli told NBC News the new method is similar to how lakes beneath Antarctica's ice sheet are found. Her team processed their data the same way they did in 2018, too, to further support their conclusions. Mars' climate does not allow for water on the surface, but evidence of water is obvious on the planet's surface in the form of vast dried-out river valley networks from eons ago. Some scientists have long suspected, however, that some water could be trapped under Mars' surface. And that's added intrigue about whether there is or ever was enough water with the right conditions to support life on the planet. The bodies of water detailed in the Nature Astronomy article are thought to have high levels of salt, which could allow for the water to remain liquid. While in some cases that may make supporting life more challenging, some organisms could survive in the extreme conditions, the study authors suggest. "The possibility of extended hypersaline water bodies on Mars is particularly exciting because of the potential for the existence of microbial life, such as extremophiles, anaerobes or even aerobes" the study says. However, not all are convinced what the study details are bodies of water. "I do not think there are lakes," Jack Holt, a planetary scientist at the University of Arizona in Tucson, told Nature. "There is not enough heat flow to support a brine here, even under the ice cap." Mike Sori, a planetary geophysicist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, told Nature he thinks the data may point more toward the water being "some sort of slush or sludge." Contributing: Doyle Rice 3 giapponesi su 4 sono contrari alla caccia alle balene Un recente sondaggio di Greenpeace effettuato sulla popolazione giapponese dalla Nippon Research Center Ltd (membro della Gallup International Association) ha dimostrato che tre giapponesi su quattro sono contrari alla caccia alle balene nel Santuario dei Cetacei dell'Oceano Antartico. L'indagine statistica è stata svolta su un campione di 1.501 persone tra 15 e 60 anni: le interviste sono state fatte tra il 18 e il 23 gennaio 2008, periodo in cui la nave di Greenpeace "Esperanza" inseguiva la flotta baleniera nipponica, nel tentativo (riuscito) di salvare un centinaio di balene dagli arpioni del Sol Levante. I dati testimoniamo che il 25% dei giapponesi è contro la mattanza di cetacei, mentre il 31% la sostiene e il restante 44% si astiene: oltre l'80% degli astenuti si dice contrario alla caccia alle balene in acque internazionali (quindi è contrario alla caccia che sta avvenendo in Antartide). Tra gli stessi sostenitori il 40% non la approva in acque internazionali. Facendo le stime il 71% dei giapponesi non è a favore della caccia in altura. Il ministro Fukado non ritira le baleniere e l'87% dei giapponesi non è a conoscenza dei 500 milioni di Yen annui impiegati dal Governo nella farsa della ricerca scientifica: il finanziamento ovviamente è coperto dalla tasse ed i contribuenti del Sol Levante non ne sono a conoscenza. Dimostrazione che pur essendo contrari alla mattanza, sono costretti a sovvenzionarla. La Commissione Baleniera Internazionale (International Whales Commission) nel lontano 1986 ha bandito la caccia per scopi commerciali con una moratoria internazionale. Il Giappone aggira dal 1987 aggira questo vincolo sostenendo di esser promotore di un' "attività scientifica", anche se finora non ha portato alcun dato utile. Molti nascondono dietro la caccia criminale la difesa delle identità e della cultura nazionale un giro d'affari consistente: il lusso giapponese della carne di balena non tramonta, come del resto quello delle pinne di squalo altrove. Purtroppo tra le nazioni che praticano effettivamente la caccia commerciale purtroppo non c'è solo il Giappone. La Norvegia e l'Islanda hanno ripreso, seppur con diversa intensità questa crudele, ma redditizia, pratica. Via | GreenPeace The popularity of virtual reality gaming has spawned numerous educational applications for the technology, including VR education. In addition to providing a completely immersive experience, VR in Canada can help students stay engaged and learn about a subject they might not otherwise be interested in. It can also be an excellent tool for field trips, providing students with the opportunity to see the world through another person’s experience. If used properly, virtual reality could even reduce the number of school dropouts and improve student performance. VR can be a great tool to teach children how to experience empathy: VR in Canada is becoming a popular tool for education, particularly for helping kids understand the complexities of empathy. Its immersive experience makes it possible to take students outside their everyday lives and immerse them in unfamiliar environments. Its immersive experiences allow children to learn about world cultures and foreign countries. Students can also explore non-traditional subjects. By allowing students to explore these experiences, parents can give their kids the tools to be more empathetic and understanding of others. Helping kids understand the feelings of others: Researchers say VR can help children develop empathy in two ways. First, it can be used to decrease bias. Empathy exercises can also reduce bias by helping kids understand the feelings of others. Using VR in the classroom can help students learn about empathy while at the same time reducing bias. The researchers used a VR headset to help students experience different emotions. Second, they found that children who wore VR headsets are more likely to save more money for retirement and decrease their racial bias. VR can be a weapon effective against high dropout rates: Although most studies of VR training have taken place in OECD countries, the results are not necessarily applicable to other educational settings. Some major challenges of VR training are infrastructure, connectivity, IT support, and essential digital skills. The Cost-effectiveness of VR training also needs to be evaluated. This will depend on the course’s duration, the field of study, and the type of technology used. Help students’ master difficult learning environments: VR simulations can help students’ master difficult learning environments. Students can simulate scenarios like traveling in a cell or delivering a speech. Students can learn new skills faster by experiencing these scenarios in a virtual world without pressure or risks. Moreover, students can practice their skills in an environment that simulates real-world conditions rather than in a laboratory. It may even make learning more fun and engaging. Kağıt Uçurtma Oyununu oynamak için oyunun yüklenmesini bekleyin. Oyun yüklendikten sonra play diyerek oyuna açıyorsunuz ve daha önce bu oyunu oynamadıysanız ilk seviyeyi seçiyorsunuz. Oyuna başlamak için boşluk tuşuna basıyorsunuz. Oyun ekranı uçurtmaya doğru yakınlaşıyor ve klavye yön tuşları ile kontrolü sağlıyorsunuz. Uçurtmalar ile ne kadar yıldız toplarsan o kadar yüksek puan kazanırsın. İyi eğlenceler. As the first generation born in the United States of Japanese immigrant parents, the nisei were Americanized. Still, their lives on the West Coast were upended by the bombing of Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941. On Feb. 19, 1942, the U.S. government issued Executive Order 9066, forcing their removal. More than 100,000 U.S. residents of Japanese ancestry were sent to internment camps. Before then, however, a visitor to San Luis Obispo in the 1920s and ’30s would have seen Japanese-American residents entering into the spirit of local Fourth of July or La Fiesta de las Flores celebrations. Coming into town on South Higuera Street, the visitor would have passed the Watanabe Co. Fruits and Vegetables store near South Street. On July 4, 1928, it was decked out with American flags and patriotic bunting. Small flags topped the roof, and a large flag stood next to the gasoline pump. Kids in kimonos, holding flags, posed for snapshots. In the ’30s, you’d see Japanese-motif floats decorated with flowers and a large American flag for La Fiesta de las Flores, a fundraiser created by Irish Catholic Father Daniel Keenan and Young Louis, son of labor contractor Ah Louis, to support the renovation of Mission San Luis Obispo. A float encircled with an American flag and a “Japanese — Pismo Beach” banner won first prize in the Pismo Beach Pioneer Day Celebration on Aug. 1, 1936. The nisei joined their issei (Japanese immigrant) parents in Boy Scouts, baseball, donating landscaping to Camp Roberts and Camp San Luis Obispo and planting cherry trees at San Luis Obispo High School. Such historical vignettes of America’s melting pot can be deceptive. Japanese immigrants had arrived in this county by 1904, and by the late ’20s, most had decided the United States was their permanent home. But their road toward establishing new roots in this land was not an easy one. As war clouds surrounded Europe and the Pacific, young nisei men were inducted into the Army. “5 Japanese Selectees Feted Here,” observed the Telegram-Tribune on Feb. 19, 1941: “Hailing their (induction) ... at the Anderson Hotel (they) were given a ‘send off’ by nearly 150 county members of the ... Japanese-American League and the ... Japanese Association.” William Nagano of Morro Bay was quoted as saying, “Our conduct in service will reflect on all Japanese Americans in the United States, and we will do our very best.” Mayor Fred Kimball added, “The importance of your training to all of us is that the upbuilding of our army has a tendency to bring us all together, shoulder to shoulder, for the protection of our democracy.” In October 1941, when the city of San Luis Obispo had 8,000 people, per the Telegram-Tribune, more than 1,000 people attended a dinner-dance at SLO High sponsored by the Japanese American Citizens League to honor inductees at Camps SLO and Roberts. Major Samuel Pickett, representing Camp SLO Commandant Col. Henry Bull, spoke about the important work they were doing for national defense. Some 150 leaders of the Japanese community in Los Angeles came. Cal Poly’s orchestra played. C. L. Smith, school board secretary, and Sheriff Murray Hathway were there. Then came Executive Order 9066. Well before schools closed in June 1942, all Japanese-American families in the county were removed, forfeiting graduations, losing crops, cars, tractors and farms. ▪ ▪ ▪ From 2 to 4:30 p.m. Sunday, artist Paula Zima and I will discuss the significance of Teddy Roosevelt’s 1903 visit to San Luis Obispo during a meeting in the Senior Center, 1445 Santa Rosa St., in Mitchell Park. Paula will bring a miniature statue of Roosevelt that is envisioned for Mitchell Park. The discussion is free. Paula is the sculptor of “Bears” at the entrances to Los Osos and “Bears with Indian Boy” in Mission Plaza. Dan Krieger is a professor emeritus of history at Cal Poly and past president of the California Mission Studies Association, now part of the California Missions Foundation. He can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.org. Liz Krieger is a retired children’s librarian for the San Luis Obispo County Library. PLATELET ZENGİN PLAZMA yöntemi, kanınızdan trombosit hücrelerinin ve plazma hücrelerinin saç dökülmesinin olduğu kafanızın bölgelerine uygulanmasını içerir. Bu enjeksiyonlarla yapılır. Platet hücreler, plazma hücrelerinin vitamin ve mineral taşıdığı hasarlı hücreleri onarır. Bu kan hücrelerinin karışımı, saç köklerinin yeniden büyümesine, rejenuvasyonuna ve genişlemesine yardımcı olur. Tüm bu faktörler saç ekiminin etkisini arttırır ve bu şekilde daha iyi sonuçlara ulaşılır. Il suffisso XSSR del nome file viene utilizzato principalmente per i file Microsoft SharePoint WorkSpace Groove. Microsoft Corporation ha definito lo standard di formato Microsoft SharePoint WorkSpace Groove. I file con estensione XSSR possono essere utilizzati dai programmi distribuiti per la piattaforma Windows. Il formato di file XSSR, insieme a 6033 altri formati di file, appartiene alla categoria Altri file. Microsoft Office supporta i file XSSR ed è il programma più utilizzato per gestire tali file, tuttavia è possibile utilizzare anche 1 altri strumenti. Il software chiamato Microsoft Office è stato creato da Microsoft Corporation. Per trovare informazioni più dettagliate sul software e sui file XSSR, controlla il sito Web ufficiale dello sviluppatore. Il seguente elenco presenta i programmi compatibili con XSSR. I file XSSR possono essere rilevati su tutte le piattaforme di sistema, compresi i dispositivi mobili, ma non esiste alcuna garanzia che ciascuno di essi supporti correttamente tali file. I problemi con l'accesso a XSSR possono essere dovuti a vari motivi. Fortunatamente, i problemi più comuni con i file XSSR possono essere risolti senza una conoscenza IT approfondita e, soprattutto, in pochi minuti. Abbiamo preparato un elenco che ti aiuterà a risolvere i tuoi problemi con i file XSSR. I problemi con l'apertura e l'utilizzo dei file XSSR sono probabilmente dovuti alla mancanza di un software adeguato compatibile con i file XSSR presenti sul computer. Questo è facile. Selezionare Microsoft Office o uno dei programmi consigliati (ad esempio, Microsoft SharePoint Workspace) e scaricarlo dalla fonte appropriata e installarlo sul sistema. L'elenco completo dei programmi raggruppati per sistemi operativi è disponibile sopra. Uno dei metodi più sicuri per scaricare software è utilizzare i collegamenti forniti dai distributori ufficiali. Visita il sito Web Microsoft Office e scarica il programma di installazione. Se hai già Microsoft Office installato sui tuoi sistemi e i file XSSR non sono ancora aperti correttamente, controlla se hai l'ultima versione del software. A volte gli sviluppatori di software introducono nuovi formati al posto di quelli già supportati insieme a versioni più recenti delle loro applicazioni. Se è installata una versione precedente di Microsoft Office, potrebbe non supportare il formato XSSR. L'ultima versione di Microsoft Office dovrebbe supportare tutti i formati di file compatibili con le versioni precedenti del software. Se il problema non è stato risolto nel passaggio precedente, è necessario associare i file XSSR all'ultima versione di Microsoft Office installata sul dispositivo. Il prossimo passo non dovrebbe comportare problemi. La procedura è semplice e ampiamente indipendente dal sistema Selezione dell'applicazione di prima scelta in Windows Selezione dell'applicazione di prima scelta in Mac OS Hai seguito da vicino i passaggi elencati ai punti 1-3, ma il problema è ancora presente? È necessario verificare se il file è un file XSSR corretto. È probabile che il file sia danneggiato e quindi non sia possibile accedervi. Se dovesse succedere che XSSR sia infetto da un virus, questa potrebbe essere quella causa che ti impedisce di accedervi. Si consiglia di eseguire la scansione del sistema alla ricerca di virus e malware il più presto possibile o di utilizzare uno scanner antivirus online. Se lo scanner ha rilevato che il file XSSR non è sicur
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s. The NIST radio station located on the Island of Kauai, Hawaii. WWVH broadcasts time and frequency information, including voice announcements of time, on carrier frequencies of 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 MHz. - Listed: 11 Ekim 2017 13:50 Description Fırlayan Bahar Kuşusu kanat oyuncusu, oyunun adamı olarak gördüğü parlaklığa sahip bir gösteri için ödül olarak ayakta alkışlanıyordu. Ben Smith ve kilitli Anthony Boric Yeni Zelanda için geçtiler – dünyanın en üst sıralardaki tarafı – ancak barbarların ünlü bir zaferle buluşmasını önlemek için yeterli değildi. Avustralya sinek yarısı Matt Giteau, yedi sayı öne çıkardığında ve boyunca All Blacks tarafında bir dikeni ispatladıktan sonra Habana’yı maçın şeref üyesi adına itti. Geleneksel olarak Twickenham’dan gelen 63.554 kişilik kalabalığın açıkça oynayacakları bir role sahip olduklarını düşündükleri halde, Barbarialı fikstürlerin modern oyunla ilgisi hakkında tartışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bir gösteri olarak, yarışma hemen hemen tüm beklentileri karşılamıştı; buna rağmen büyüleyici ve kalabalığın zevkinden çok bir Test maçına benziyordu. Barbarların dizilişi, altı Springboks da dahil olmak üzere 925 başlık içeriyordu ve Yeni üyelik sürpriz geleneğini onurlandırmaya çalışırken, Yeni Zelanda genellikle esnek bir muhalefet sağlamıştır. All Blacks, ikinci şeridi olan – kaykaycı Richie McCaw’ı bir kenara – geçiren ve yorucu olan beş maçlı bir turun ilk yenilgisini yaşadı. No views yet رییس اتحادیه مشاوران املاک با اشاره به افزایش ۷۲ درصدی قراردادهای مسکن کشور در ۹ ماهه سال جاری از کاهش ۱۵ درصدی قیمت مسکن در تهران خبر داد. *** آمار معاملات مسکن در مبایعه نامه و اجاره نامه نیز به ترتیب شاهد رشد ۴۴ و ۲۰ درصدی هستیم و در ۹ ماهه سال ۹۸ کل قراردادهای مسکن شهر تهران ۱۸۴ هزار و ۷۲۱ فقره بوده است. *** ثبات بازار مسکن به گزارش خبرگزاری صنایع، رییس اتحادیه مشاوران املاک در پایان به آمار قراردادهایمسکن کل کشور اشاره کرد و بیان کرد: از تاریخ اول فروردین ۹۸ تا ۲۲ آذر ۹۸، ۸۱۴ هزار و ۵۷۳ فقره قرارداد در کل کشور ثبت شده این در حالیست که از مدت مشابه سال جاری کل قراردادها یک میلیون و ۳۹۷ هزار و ۵۲۱ فقره قرارداد در سامانه کد رهگیری ثبت شده است این تعداد حاکی از افزایش ۷۲ درصدی قراردادهای مسکندر ۹ ماه سال جاری است. انتهای پیام/// Nemetschek集团强劲发展的媒体和娱乐部门增强竞争力和市场地位 - Nemetschek品牌Maxon和美国公司Red Giant合力成为3D和运动设计/视觉效果的全球市场领导者 - 结合的技术和专有技术将大大扩展客户群,加速增长并推动订阅业务 慕尼黑,2019年12月17日–软件提供商Nemetschek SE(ISIN 0006452907)今天宣布,其100%子公司Maxon Computer GmbH和Red Giant LLC的股东已签署最终协议,将Maxon和Red Giant合并为Media&Entertainment(媒体和娱乐)部门子公司。Nemetschek集团创建了数字内容创作软件解决方案的全球市场领导者。交易的结果是,Nemetschek将持有合并后公司的多数股份。 互补技术创造了一流的产品组合 Red Giant,总部位于美国波特兰,是一家快速成长的公司,其高利润率超过了Nemetschek集团的平均水平。该公司预计2019年的收入约为2100万欧元。自2002年以来,Red Giant通过屡获殊荣的运动图形和创新视觉效果软件解决方案的全面产品组合建立了自己的品牌。合并的结果是,以其旗舰3D产品Cinema 4D和Redshift渲染引擎而闻名的Maxon将成为该行业的纯粹市场领导者,并为其客户提供最全面和创新的产品组合。 两家公司均以其产品的质量和可访问性赢得了无与伦比的声誉,这些产品为ABC,CBS,NBC,HBO,Sky,Viacom,Netflix,Sony,Universal,Walt Disney Company,BMW,Facebook,苹果,谷歌,Vitra,耐克等等。 在此次交易中,Maxon通过合并现金对价约7000万欧元并授予Maxon的股份来收购美国公司Red Giant。交易完成后,Nemetschek将持有Maxon约85%的股份,而前Red Giant所有者将持有Maxon约15%的股份。融资由公司自身的现金资源和贷款的发放提供。该交易预计将于2020年1月完成。 专注于利用国际增长和推动订阅业务 通过更好的市场和客户接触以及利用全球销售和经销商团队,企业合并将获得显着的增长和技术协同作用。通过联合产品组合,Maxon还将大大加强其订阅业务。此外,Maxon将继续为Nemetschek集团的AEC品牌提供领先的技术,并更加强大地应对AEC市场。 Maxon首席执行官David McGavran表示:“这次合并是一个重要的里程碑,不仅对于Maxon和Red Giant,而且对于整个设计行业都是如此。我们结合的技术和专有技术有潜力在未来几年内逐步改变内容创作的格局。” “自从Maxon在今年早些时候收购Redshift Rendering之后,与Red Giant联手是充分利用Maxon在媒体和娱乐行业巨大增长潜力的下一个重要步骤,” Nemetschek集团的发言人兼CFOO的Patrik Heider解释说。“通过这一举措,我们将一如既往地执行扩大和加强这一细分市场的战略”。 关于Nemetschek集团 Nemetschek集团是AEC行业数字化转型的先驱。作为全球唯一的企业集团,Nemetschek的软件解决方案涵盖了建筑和基础设施项目的整个生命周期,并指导其客户迈向数字化的未来。Nemetschek集团凭借其智能和创新的软件解决方案,提高了建筑过程的质量,并改善了建筑过程中所有相关人员的数字化工作流程。这与开放标准(Open BIM)的使用有关。在四个面向客户的部门中,有16个品牌的创新解决方案被全球超过500万用户使用。Nemetschek集团由Georg Nemetschek教授于1963年创立,如今拥有2800多名专家。该公司自1999年开始公开上市并在MDAX和TecDAX上报价,2018年实现收入4.613亿欧元,EBITDA为1.213亿欧元。 - 10.07.2021 23:54 Abimin bitmez tükenmez hayıflanmalarına en çok şimdi hak veriyorum; olayların beldesi, İstanbul’un en büyük ilçesi Esenyurt’un 60 yıl öncesini, yani 1950’lerin sonu 1960’ların başının 50 haneli Eşkinoz köyünü anlatmaya karar verdiğim şu anda... “Ah baba” derdi abim hep vefatından önce (gıyabında hâlâ diyor zaman zaman), “şu Kodak’ınla çektiğin, ardından masa altına kurduğun karanlık odada yıkadığın fotoğraflardan birini de caminin minaresinden çekseydin ya...” Abimin teorisine göre, ki ben de doğru olduğunu düşünüyorum, öğretmen maaşıyla babamın fotoğraf için gerekli malzemeye ayıracak o kadar az parası vardı ki, insansız fotoğrafı israf sayıyordu. Gerçekten de o köyde çektiği bütün fotoğraflar insan fotoğrafıydı; ikisini bu sayfada görüyorsunuz. Cami minaresinden çekilmiş o fotoğraf elimde olsaydı şimdi, hakikaten ne güzel olurdu, ne kadar çok şaşırırdık hep birlikte. Fakat fotoğraf yoksa yazı var; o çekilmemiş fotoğrafı ve o fotoğraftaki hayatı anlatacağım size. Babam Kars, Cilavuz Köy Enstitüsü mezunu bir öğretmendi. Ben de 1952’de Kars’ta doğdum. Kars’tan tayinle Ankara’ya, ardından da Eşkinoz’a geldiğimizde beş yaşındaydım. Babam, köyün tek öğretmeni, dolayısıyla da aynı zamanda müdürüydü. Tek öğretmenli okulda eğitim şimdiki genç kuşakların pek kavrayabilecekleri türden değildi. Tabii ki beş ayrı sınıf yoktu, tek bir sınıf vardı ve bütün sınıflar aynı ortamda, kümeler halinde yerleşirdi (birleştirilip kare haline getirilmiş ‘masa’lar ve etrafında öğrenciler; bunlardan beş tane). (Soldan sağa) ben, annem, abim. Ben birinci sınıfa başladığımda ablam ikinci, abim dördüncü sınıftaydı. Sistem, öğretmenin (yani babamın) bir kümeye ders anlattıktan sonra öbür gruba, sonra da öbürüne, öbürüne ve öbürüne ders anlatması esasına dayanıyordu. Öğretmenin o anda ders anlatmadığı kümeler (sınıflar) onlara verilen ödevi yapmakla mükellefti. Sınıfta bütün kümelerde toplam 50 kadar öğrenciydik. Peki köydeki hane sayısı ne kadardı acaba? Ben 70-80 diye hatırlıyorum, fakat abime sorunca “Hayır” dedi, “evler tek tek gözümün önünde, sayınca kesinlikle 50’yi geçmiyor.” Fakat bu hatırlanan ağırlıkla göçmenlerin yaşadığı ‘yukarı’ mahalle. Bir de ‘Çingene mahallesi’ vardı; ‘yukarı’ mahalleden hafif bir eğimle aşağı doğru sarkınca, 100-150 metre sonrasında varılırdı oraya. Çingene mahallesini geçtikten sonra da dereye varırdınız. Yazları dereye gitmek büyük bir keyifti, fakat iştahlı bir çocuk olarak ben derede olmaktan çok dereye doğru yürümekten hoşlanıyordum. İştahla dereye doğru yürümek arasında nasıl bir bağ olduğunu kırk yıl düşünseniz bulamazsınız. Söyleyeyim: Çünkü köyün her tarafı domates, salatalık, biber bahçeleri; karpuz, kavun, mısır tarlalarıyla ve üzüm bağlarıyla çevriliydi. Yiye yiye giderdik. Karpuz yemek karpuzu taşa çalıp kırmak ve göbeğini yemek demekti. Gerisi eşeklerin payı! “Öyle insanların bağına bahçesine nasıl giriyordunuz, yasak değil miydi?” Hayır, biz öyle bir kavramı hiç bilmedik, biz çocukları bostanlara dalarken görüp de “ne yapıyorsunuz, sordunuz mu sahibine” diyen birileri hiç olmadı. Daha keyifli bir karpuz yeme seansı için bostandan kopardığınız karpuzları biri köyün bir ucunda, öbürü öbür ucunda olan Bağlar Çeşme ya da Aşı Çeşme’nin yalaklarına müracaat etmeniz gerekirdi. O yalaklarda yarım saat kalan bir karpuz buzdolabından çıkmış gibi olurdu. (Bu kıyaslamayı o zamanlar tabii ki yapamazdım, çünkü buzdolabı görmemiştim hiç, keza elektrikten de habersizdim.) (Soldan sağa) ablam, annem, abim. Köyde iki bakkal (Muhtar Selahattin’in bakkalı ve Çakır bakkal) iki kamyon (Arap Mehmet’in Ford’u ve Beyaz Mehmet’in Austin’i) iki de traktör vardı. Esnaf? Bir tane: Demirci Abdullah. Köyün bir yönündeki son evlerden şöyle 100 metre kadar yürüyünce, etraftaki daha büyük beldeleri Londra asfaltına bağlayan tali yola varırdınız. Yani yol Eşkinoz’u teğet geçerdi. O yol şimdi kaç şeritlidir bilmiyorum. Yaz günlerinin çoğunda saat üç buçukta o yola çıkmayı itiyat edinmiştik. Çünkü Ceylan yaz aylarında günde sadece bir kere Sirkeci’den kalkıp Hoşdere’ye gider, saat üç buçukta da bizim köyden geçerdi. Herhalde tersinden sabah seferi de vardı fakat biz onu bilmezdik. Sadece yazın ama; kışları hiç gelmezdi. Ceylan... Nasıl da severdik o küçük otobüsü, bir canlı gibi görünürdü gözümüze. Ama saygı da duyardık. Bağlar Çeşme, Koru Bahçe’nin bittiği yerdeydi. Bize orman gibi gelirdi ama muhtemelen çok büyük değildi. Yine de “koru” dendiğine göre (hatırlamıyorum şimdi). Şimdi oralar hep gökdelen korusu. Eşkinoz’dan İstanbul’a taşındığımız yıl (1961) Eşkinoz İlkokulu beş mezun vermişti. Biri de abimdi. Atlı posta kaç günde bir gelirdi, onu da hatırlamıyorum. Ama ‘tayyare’lerden atılan boru gibi kıvrılmış gazeteler zihnimde nedense çok taze. Ben onu sürekli bir uygulamaydı diye hatırlıyorum ama bu yazı için abime sorduğumda öyle olmadığını öğrendim: 27 Mayıs darbesinden sonra başlamış, atanlar da askeri uçakmış. Bahar aylarında komşu köylere pikniğe gitmek de çok zevkliydi. Şimdi dev gökdelenlerle Eşkinoz’a bağlanmış bulunan Kalyoz köyüyle aramızdaki mesafe dört kilometre kadardı. Bir saat kadar sürerdi o masafeyi almak. Sonrasında şimdiki kuşağın pek bilmediği kır oyunları Kalyozlu çocuklarla... Kalyoz, yani şimdiki Kıraç... En son 33 yıl önce gittim Eşkinoz’a. Yukarıda anlattıklarım dahil, köyden zihnimde kalan en canlı görüntü hâlâ yerindeydi: Köy meydanındaki havuz. Koyunların ve ineklerin otlaktan dönüp yerlerine dağılmadan önce su içtikleri o havuzun başında kimbilir kaç arı iğnesi yedim, belki de ondan unutmuyorumdur. Şimdi, ara ara Esenyurt’a giden abim, “seni bıraksalar o meydana, Eşkinoz’da olduğunu asla anlayamazsın. Tek bir şansın var, camiyi görmek; onu da dev blokların arasında görebilirsen...” diyor. In an ideal world, a linear motion system would exhibit perfectly flat, straight motion and reach the intended position with zero error every time. But even the highest precision linear guides and drives (screws, rack and pinions, belts, linear motors) have some errors due to machining tolerances, handling, mounting, and even the manner in which they’re applied. There are three types of errors found in linear motion systems — linear errors, angular errors, and planar errors — and each type has a different effect on the system and the application. To avoid paying for high-precision components where they’re not needed, or ending up with a system that doesn’t meet the application requirements, it’s important to understand the differences between these three types of linear motion errors and their causes. Linear errors include positioning accuracy and repeatability. These errors are sometimes referred to as positioning errors because they specify the system’s ability to reach the desired position. In the context of linear systems, the term “accuracy” typically refers to positioning accuracy, which is the deviation between the target position and the position the system achieved. Repeatability refers to how well a system returns to the same position over multiple attempts. The main contributor to linear errors is the drive mechanism (screw, rack and pinion, or linear motor, for example), but the system’s tuning can also affect its ability to reach the target position accurately and repeatably. Angular errors are errors in which the point of interest rotates around an axis. These are typically referred to as roll, pitch, and yaw errors, denoting rotation around the X, Y, or Z axis, respectively. If the point of interest is the center of the table, or slide, angular errors may not have a significant effect on the application. But when the point of interest is some distance away from the table or slide, Abbé errors, which are angular errors amplified by distance, can produce undesirable results, especially in machining, measuring, and assembly applications. The primary causes of angular errors, and by extension, Abbé errors, are inaccuracies in the linear guides and poorly machined mounting surfaces. Planar errors — often referred to as “straightness” and “flatness” — occur during the system’s travel, but rather than rotation around an axis, planar errors are deviations from an ideal, straight reference plane. Straightness defines the extent of motion along the Y axis as the system travels along the X axis. Similarly, flatness defines the extent of motion along the Z axis as the system travels along the X axis. Note here that the point of reference is the axis of travel (typically the X axis), so there are only two types of planar errors, involving motion along the remaining two axes. Planar errors are detrimental to applications such as dispensing, machining, or measuring, where the system’s behavior during motion is critical. In multi-axis systems, planar errors in one axis affect the adjacent axis (or axes), especially when the axes are “stacked,”
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那些东西给你可能会给我带来很多麻烦,“他说,点头看信封“你可以跟我来。 但是在官僚机构中,每个雇员都必须有其他官员向他的上级汇报情况。安纳克里特人隶属于守卫,但直接隶属于皇帝,因此,当谈到责备或奖赏的问题时,他是由维斯帕西亚自己评判的。安纳克利特人和我都认为莫默斯就是那个告诉皇帝他应该如何看待首席间谍工作的无赖。这意味着安纳克里特人鄙视和厌恶他,但是它让妈妈成为我的朋友。我告诉他特务长受了重伤。这应该是个秘密,但莫莫斯已经知道了。事实上,如果你做就好。不会有很多瓶宝宝,我们没资格再笑他们了。”””我认为这是正确的,”芭芭拉说。”在战争之前,我知道他有孩子,的人几乎没有照顾他们的。 Ducky Furniture Set by Petteri Hakkinen 2013-02-13 19:26 你的鸭子连在一起吗?芬兰设计师佩特瑞·哈基宁创造了一系列的六件家具作品,这些家具在形式上与这位长羽毛的朋友相似。鸭舌兰家具以鸭子为特色,它是一种户外躺椅,座椅和后座都是黄白相间,模仿鸭子头和嘴的样子。摇杆上也有一个类似的配色方案,还有好玩的同伴,包括小鸭子,要匹配的凳子,以及白色的边桌--鸡蛋。所有的作品都是用优质桦木制作的,展示了哈基宁的工艺和细木工技艺。动物家具的概念是一个有趣的人,所有年龄,但要小心--不要让这些鸭子飞走! 你的鸭子连在一起吗?芬兰设计师佩特瑞·哈基宁创造了... 下载 It uses a java programming language based scripting language and JSP are produced into java servelets the very first time they are invoked. JSP pages may call JavaBeans, EJB components, RMI objects, DBC objects to perform processing on the server. 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دریای شمال را تایید خواهد کرد و ممنوعیت فراکینگ را برای تقویت منابع انرژی داخلی لغو خواهد کرد. این یک اعلامیه سیاسی مهم از سوی نخست وزیری بود که روز سه شنبه به قدرت رسید. و ملکه الیزابت دوم که بعد از ظهر پنجشنبه در سن ۹۶ سالگی پس از ۷۰ سال بر تخت سلطنت درگذشت. ترس بر الیزابت سایه افکند. تراس در بیانیه انرژی گفت: “ما در زمستان امسال و زمستان آینده از این کشور حمایت می کنیم و به دلایل اصلی افزایش قیمت ها رسیدگی می کنیم تا دیگر در شرایط قبلی قرار نگیریم.” تراس گفت که “ضمانت قیمت انرژی” دو ساله به این معنی است که میانگین قبض برق و گرمایش خانه از ۲۵۰۰ پوند (۲۸۷۲ دلار) در سال تجاوز نخواهد کرد. این اوراق از اکتبر سالانه به ۳۵۰۰ پوند (۴۰۰۰ دلار) افزایش خواهد یافت. این افزایش ۸۰ درصدی نسبت به میانگین صورتحساب سالانه فعلی ۱۹۷۱ پوندی است. در زمانی که بسیاری از مردم و مشاغل هنوز از پس لرزه های اقتصادی کووید-۱۹ و برگزیت رنج می برند، هزینه های انرژی در حال افزایش است. از مؤسسات تجاری و دولتی مانند بیمارستان ها و مدارس نیز حمایت می شود، اما به جای دو سال، برای مدت شش ماه. دولت می گوید این سقف نرخ تورم بالای بریتانیا را ۴ تا ۵ درصد کاهش می دهد. بانک مرکزی انگلیس اعلام کرد تورم در ماه جولای به ۱۰.۱ درصد رسید و انتظار میرود تا قبل از پایان سال به ۱۳ درصد افزایش یابد که باعث رکود طولانیمدت میشود. دولت انگلیس هزینه این سقف را مشخص نکرده است، اما تخمین زده می شود که بیش از ۱۰۰ میلیارد پوند (۱۱۶ میلیارد دلار) باشد. تراس درخواست های مخالف را برای مالیات غیرمنتظره بر سود شرکت نفت رد کرد. حداکثر مبلغ از محل وجوه خزانه و از طریق استقراض پرداخت می شود. حزب مخالف کارگر می گوید این بدان معناست که مالیات دهندگان بریتانیایی باید صورت حساب را بپردازند. کیر استارمر، رهبر حزب کارگر گفت که به جای اینکه شرکتهای نفتی به دلیل افزایش قیمت انرژی طی دو سال آینده ۱۷۰ میلیارد پوند (۱۹۵ میلیارد دلار) سودهای بادآورده کسب کنند، “کارگران این قبض را پرداخت خواهند کرد”. اعلامیه روز پنجشنبه برای خیلی ها تسکین خواهد بود، اما منتقدان می گویند که کمک های دولتی باید آسیب پذیرترین افراد را هدف قرار دهد. کسانی که سعی می کنند با هزینه های فزاینده همگام شوند، می گویند که هنوز با مشکل مواجه خواهند شد، اما نه آنقدر که می ترسند. شارون اندرسون، ۶۰ ساله، کارمند سابق دولت در لندن، گفت: “من اصلاً خوشبین نیستم. اکنون در مورد آنچه که ما به دست می آوریم اختلاف نظرهای زیادی وجود دارد. شارون اندرسون، ۶۰ ساله، کارمند سابق دولت در لندن، گفت که پس از حمله قلبی به مزایا وابسته شد.” اندرسون پس از پرداخت صورتحسابهای اولیه، گفت که هفتهای ۲۳ پوند (۲۷ دلار) برای خرید مواد غذایی باقی مانده است. آنها باید از این شرکت های انرژی مالیات بیشتری بگیرند و این کاری است که باید انجام دهند. تمام سودهایی که آنها به دست می آورند مشمول مالیات نمی شوند – این به تنهایی باعث می شود احساس بی اعتمادی کنم[تروس]خواهد بود این اعلامیه پس از یک تابستان منتشر شد که دولت محافظه کار از اظهار نظر خودداری کرد. بوریس جانسون، نخست وزیر سابق، از زمان اعلام استعفای خود در ماه ژوئیه، قادر به اتخاذ تصمیمات مهم نیست. تراس که در رقابت حزب محافظه کار برای جایگزینی جانسون به عنوان رهبر پیروز شد، از افشای برنامه های خود قبل از روی کار آمدن خودداری کرد. حمله به اوکراین باعث بحران انرژی در اروپا شد. روسیه عرضه گاز طبیعی ارزان قاره را که سالها برای تامین برق کارخانهها، تولید برق و گرم کردن خانهها به آن متکی بوده است، کاهش داده و قیمتها را افزایش داده است. بریتانیا بیشتر گاز طبیعی خود را – عمدتاً از نروژ و نه روسیه – وارد میکند و بنابراین در برابر تغییرات قیمتهای جهانی آسیبپذیر است. پل دیلز، اقتصاددان ارشد بریتانیایی در کپیتال اکونومیکس گفت: این اقدام تورم را کاهش می دهد و دامنه رکود را محدود می کند، اما به افزایش نرخ بهره و بدهی دولت نیز منجر می شود. تراس گفت: «دلیل اینکه ما در این مخمصه قرار داریم، جنگ وحشتناک پوتین (ولادیمیر رئیس جمهور روسیه) در اوکراین است. اما ما باید مطمئن شویم که منابع انرژی ما انعطاف پذیرتر و ایمن تر هستند، بنابراین دیگر این وضعیت را نخواهیم داشت. این تراست یک “گروه کاری تامین انرژی” جدید را اعلام کرده است که در مورد قراردادهای بلندمدت انرژی با تامین کنندگان مذاکره خواهد کرد، که به گفته آن، کل عرضه انرژی داخلی بریتانیا را افزایش خواهد داد. بریتانیا در سال های اخیر میزان انرژی تولید شده توسط نیروی باد را به میزان قابل توجهی افزایش داده است و در حال برنامه ریزی برای ساخت نیروگاه های هسته ای بیشتری است. این صندوق همچنین گفت که بیش از ۱۰۰ مجوز جدید حفاری در دریای شمال صادر خواهد کرد و به ممنوعیت شکستگی هیدرولیک در بریتانیا پایان خواهد داد. هر دو حرکت توسط طرفداران محیط زیست محکوم خواهد شد، زیرا می ترسند این بالابر تعهد قانونی بریتانیا به صفر شدن انتشار کربن تا سال ۲۰۵۰ را متوقف کند. بریتانیا عملیات شکستگی هیدرولیک را در نوامبر ۲۰۱۹ به حالت تعلیق درآورد و گفت که پیش بینی دقیق اختلالات مربوط به حفاری ممکن نیست. تراس میگوید که از تعهد صفر خالص برای مبارزه با تغییرات آب و هوایی حمایت میکند، اما نباید هزینه زیادی برای مردم و کسبوکارها داشته باشد. ——— همه اخبار AP در مورد تغییرات آب و هوا را در https://apnews.com/hub/climate-and-environment دنبال کنید. Da semplice trader, il "Gorilla" di Wall Street era arrivato a capo di Lehman Brothers puntando sulla sua riconosciuta spietatezza. Dopo 14 anni al timone della banca, di fronte al collasso del gigante finanziario, frutto di una gestione aggressiva e operazioni speculative sulle obbligazioni legati ai mutui immobiliari (titoli tossici), Dick Fuld ha comunque evitato di accollarsi la piena responsabilità. E alla fine non ha pagato per i suoi errori: non un giorno di carcere, né perdite rilevanti dalle sue tasche. Anzi. Chiarendo una volta di più le ragioni di quel soprannome. How can television help students in their studies? (Continuous Writing, SPM 2006) Children and teenagers love watching television. Most of them spend more time watching television than doing other activities [general discussion]. Television can help students in their studies depending on the types of programmes watched by them [thesis statement]. First of all, there are many educational programmes on television which can help students in their studies [stating first point]. These programmes are carefully constructed by the creative producers to make them interesting. Besides, talented presenters as well as interesting visual and sound make it easier for the students to understand and retain the knowledge learned [elaborating first point]. ASTRO Tutor TV is a very good example. There are revision programmes for every subject taught in school. Students can learn many tips and do the exercises given in effort to prepare for public examinations such as UPSR, PMR and SPM [providing details and examples to support first point]. Apart from that, the students’ language skills can be improved by watching television programmes [stating second point]. Watching English movies, dramas and sitcoms will provide the students with the input which will help them improve their English Language [elaborating second point]. “Oh My English”, a popular programme on ASTRO, is a sitcom about a replacement teacher from England trying to teach English to a group of mischievous students. While watching this sitcom, students will have the opportunity to learn English in context where common errors are highlighted and corrected in a fun way [providing details and examples to support second point]. Last but not least, various documentaries shown on television can inspire the students to do well in their studies as well as in their future lives [stating third point]. Watching these documentaries can create interest in the subjects learned at school [elaborating third point]. For example, watching a scientific documentary about the stars and the universe can inspire the students to excel in science subjects. Consequently, they might become scientists when they grow up [providing details and examples to support third point]. In conclusion, watching good programmes on television including educational programmes, movies or documentaries can help students in their studies [restating main points]. Therefore, it is strongly suggested that students have watching television as one of the activities in their daily schedule [emphasize the importance of topic]. 美国宇航局在离地球12亿公里的小行星“贝努尔”进行的一项研究 NASA的小行星飞船“奥西里斯360天原。[DokkiriMovingWheel]那些仙女运行过街的道路时,仙女开始”敲打枕头头“!注意怀疑路径人类怀旧雷克斯(OSIRIS-REX)”已经达到目的的小行星。任务还包括收集表面材料,如果成功,美国宇宙飞船将率先将小行星样本带回家。发出快乐的声音,“最后要达到”控制塔负责奥西里斯 - 雷克斯的通信,是工程师哈维塞尔纳的洛克希德·马丁公司空间联系。这是Osiris Rex用小型火箭发动机减速并使速度与小行星Benul一致的时机。奥西里斯雷克斯于2019年9月8日离开地球前往小行星维纳斯。在两年或更长时间内飞行了大约20亿公里后,他于2019年12月3日抵达Ben Ne。小行星目前设在1.25亿公里地球的距离,大约需要7分钟,飞船与地球进行通信。 Osiris·Rex将在未来一年半内研究小行星的表面和成分。到2020年7月,我将下降并收集样本。长度对Osiris雷克斯3.4米机器人臂
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mıştı. Babyface, bir çırpıda, halkın en büyük korkularından ikisini birleştirmeyi başardı - örümcekler ve ürkütücü, duyarlı oyuncak bebekler. Arkasında yaratıcı beyinler varkenOyuncak Hikayesi 4Babyface'e saygılarını sundular, bunu çok daha az dehşet verici bir şekilde yaptılar - ve bunun için onlara teşekkür ediyoruz. Filmin birçok karnaval sahnesine yakından bakarsanız, bir tür orbiter lunapark gezintisi Örümceğe benzer bacakları ve büyük, yuvarlak merkezi Sid'in büyük yapıtına açıkça selam verir. Sır değil ki, dördüncü taksitOyuncak Hikayesifranchise, en sevdiğiniz ünlülerden bazıları tarafından seslendirildi. Elbette, Tom Hanks ve Tim Allen iade Woody ve Buzz Lightyear - herkesin favori plastik kahramanlarına hayat vermek için. Annie Potts (aynı zamanda rolüyle de ünlüdür. Hayalet AvcılarıSekreter , Janine) bir kez daha ses yeteneğini her zamankinden daha güçlü bir Bo Peep'e ödünç verdi ve Joan Cusack, kasabanın yeni şerifi Jessie'yi seslendirmek için geri döndü. Ancak,Oyuncak Hikayesi 4çok fazla içeriyor sürpriz ünlü kamera hücreleri en bilgili popüler kültür başının bile birkaçını kaçıracağı kesin. Jordan Peele ve Keegan Michael-Key's Bunny ve Ducky kadar net sesler var ama Keanu Reeves Kanadalı komik dublör oyuncağı Duke Kaboom kadar daha az dikkat çekiyor. Ayrıca muhtemelen sesini de tanımayacaksınız. Duke Kaboom'un TV spikeri , Red Hot Chili Peppers basçısı Flea'nın izniyle geliyor. Son jeneriğe devam edin ve zamanımızın en ünlü sanatçılarından bazılarının da filme ses yeteneklerini ödünç verdiğini fark edeceksiniz. Mel Brooks, Carol Burnett ve Betty White sırasıyla Melephant Brooks, Chairol Burnett ve Bitey White'ı seslendirdi. Ne zamanOyuncak Hikayesi 3Haziran 2010'da piyasaya sürüldü, hayranlar Bo Peep'in (ve onun sevgili koyunu Billy, Goat ve Gruff) görünüşte silindiğini görünce dehşete düştüler. Neyse ki, serinin dördüncü taksimi, Bo ve yolculuğunu bir rafın ön ve ortasındaki toz toplayan bir oyuncaktan daha fazlası haline getirerek hayranların ilgisini çekti. Bir basın toplantısında (aracılığıyla Ulusal ) yönetmen Josh Cooley, 'Bo'nun geri gelmesi bu filmin doğuşuydu. Hatta kod adımız olan filme 'Peep' adını verdik. ' Hayranların favorisinin dönüşü Ocak 2019'da açıklandı kısa bir videoyla Bo'nun arkasındaki bir duvarı delip geçerek Buzz ve Woody'nin alametifarikası sahtekarını kullanarak şaşırtıcı. Bununla birlikte, hayranları şaşırtacak şekilde (ve sevindirecek şekilde), imzalı pembe elbisesi ve kaputu hiçbir yerde bulunamamıştı. Bunun yerine, yeni ve geliştirilmiş Bo inOyuncak Hikayesi 4fırfırlı desenli bebek mavisi bir tulum ve beline pembe bir kuşak bağlanmış. Kendinizi de sizi dilerken bulursanız, Bo'nun yeni görünümüne sahip olabilirsiniz - iyi haberlerimiz var. ShopDisney.com, sadece 168 $ 'a tüm görünüme sahip. Buongiorno a tutti. Ho recentemente acquistato un magnetometro triassiale (HMC5883L) e vorrei scrivere un programma con Processing che mi permetta di visualizzare le letture del sensore in maniera vettoriale su un grafico cartesiano a tre assi x-y-z. Ho già fatto una cosa del genere in due dimensioni ma non so da dove cominciare per implementare la terza. Una delle cose che vorrei gestire è la "camera" di Processing 3D, ovvero un qualche comando che mi permetta, attraverso il mouse o la tastiera, di ruotare gli assi del sistema di riferimento sul quale verrà visualizzata la freccetta relativa al vettore di campo magnetico rilevato dal sensore. La mia domanda pertanto è questa: da dove devo partire per realizzare con Processing un sistema di riferimento xyz atto alla rappresentazione di vettori con la possibilità di ruotare gli assi? Grazie a tutti. Uova, c'è legame con ictus e infarto. «Mangiarne più di una al giorno aumenta i rischi» Integratori alla curcuma ritirati dal mercato: 19 casi di epatite. Tutti i prodotti interessati La professoressa Katherine Tucker, dell'Università del Massachusetts Lowell, ha dichiarato: "Anche per le persone in diete sane, l'effetto dannoso di un maggior apporto di uova e colesterolo è stato costante". Ha aggiunto che sebbene le uova contengano sostanze nutritive benefiche "consiglio alle persone di evitare di mangiare omelette di tre uova ogni giorno". "La nutrizione è tutta una questione di moderazione ed equilibrio, questo è uno studio forte perché la modellizzazione si adatta a fattori quali la qualità della dieta". Le uova, specialmente il tuorlo, come riporta anche il The Sun, sono una fonte importante di colesterolo nella dieta - un grosso uovo di 50 g contiene circa 186 mg di colesterolo. Ultimo aggiornamento: Lunedì 10 Giugno 2019, 21:29 © RIPRODUZIONE RISERVATA آیا شما نیز به منظور مصارف مختلف از عروسک های نمدی به ویژه مدل هایی از آن ها که اندازه های کوچک دارند، استفاده می کنید؟ آیا شما نیز این عروسک های بامزه را دوست داشته و یا از آن ها به عنوان مدل هایی برای مشتریان خود و یا تبلیغات برند و لوگوی خویش بهره مند می گردید؟ عروسک های نمدی از جمله محصولاتی هستند که قطعاً بسیاری از افراد به دلایل مختلف از جمله چهره های جذابی که دارند و همچنین به علت قیمت های ارزان و مناسب این عروسک ها از آن ها استفاده کرده و به عنوان عروسک هایی ساده و در عین حال زیبا، این عروسک ها را دوست می دارند. از جمله مهم ترین جامعه ی هدفی که این عروسک ها دارند در درجه ی اول، تولید کنندگانی هستند که به منظور مصارف تولیدی خود از عروسک های نمدی استفاده می کنند و در درجه ی دوم اماکنی که می توانند از این عروسک ها به منظور تبلیغات و اشانتیون به مشتری های خود استفاده نمایند. Il giorno dopo Thanksgiving, secondo la tradizione americana, bisogna preparare l'albero di Natale (che si disfa il 26 mi pare). Noi siamo un po' in ritardo, pero' quest'anno ci stiamo impegnando visto che sara' il nostro primo Natale nella nostra casetta e per di piu' avremo degli ospiti speciali. Abbiamo messo delle lucine bianche sulla grondaia, che di sera illuminano anche un pochino dentro, mi piacciono. Il nostro primo albero di Natale e' stato un'improbabile piantina di rosmarino a forma di triangolo, ma in due anni abbiamo fatto grandi passi avanti e ora abbiamo un vero albero, cioe' vero finto che poi se no muore. Ci e' stato generosamente regalato ed e' grandissimo. Abbiamo dovuto spostare un po' di mobili per farlo entrare in salotto. Alcuni alberi di Natale hanno un loro stile o un colore predominante, il nostro proprio no. Ci potete trovare sopra qualunque cosa, tanto alla fine l'albero di Natale e' sempre kitsch per definizione e allora tanto vale. Lui da piccolo metteva la testa sul pavimento e guardava le lucine dal basso fra i rami, io invece socchiudevo gli occhi per vedere i raggetti lunghi. Ogni tanto ci incantiamo a guardarlo, forse perche' e' nuovo e luccica. Per la verita' e' ancora un po' vuotino il nostro alberello, ma la parte piu' bella e' andare in giro a cercare le decorazioni. Mi mette di buon umore il nostro alberello, forse perche' mi piacciono le cose vuote, cioe' le cose da riempire, da iniziare. Minnesota Vikings’in 2022 sezonu kitaplarda -tarihte- yer alıyor ve oturup neler olabileceğini düşünmek cazip gelse de, 13-4 Vikings’in neler yapabileceğini, yapabileceğini ve yapması gerektiğini düşünmek muhtemelen daha gerekli ve öğretici. oldum Bu sezon, muazzam yükselişler, küçük düşürücü düşüşler ve biz hayranların zaten alıştığımızdan çok daha fazla PurplePTSD semptomuyla dolu heyecan dolu bir yolculuktu. Ama tüm bu harika geri dönüşler bize daha fazla dayanamayacağımızı hissettirse bile, sonunda Purple’ımız daha fazlasını istememize neden oldu. Her zaman yaptıkları gibi. Uzun bir bakış açısıyla, Vikinglerin sıradanlık sorunu var. Sadece parçalarının vasat toplamından çok daha fazlası olduğu ortaya çıkan bu sezondan bahsetmiyorum. Sürekli mükemmellikten bahsediyorum, tam bir sezon boyunca, elbette ama daha uzun bir süre boyunca. Ve Vikingler, oldukça uzun bir süredir her yıl en yüksek düzeyde rekabet gücü için inşa edilmedi. Bununla birlikte, çok da uzun olmayan bir zaman önce (1986-2000) Minnesota tam da benim bahsettiğim türde sürekli bir mükemmeliyet esnemesinden keyif aldığı bir zaman vardı. O yıllarda, birkaç 8-8 yıl ve .500’ün altında tek bir sezonla kesintiye uğrayan dört, ardından üç ve ardından beş ardışık galibiyet rekorunun tadını çıkardılar. Bu on beş sezonda maçlarının %60’ını 144-95’lik skorla kazandılar. Bunlar Anthony ve Cris Carter’ın, Chris Doleman ve John Randle’ın, Darren Nelson ve Robert Smith’in, Jerry Burns ve Dennis Green’in yıllarıydı. O zamandan beri, Vikingler iki ardışık sezonda (2008-09) yalnızca bir kez .500’ün üzerine çıktı. 2001’den bu yana kümülatif normal sezon rekorları, orta halli bir 182-176-2’dir. 2009’da 12-4, 2017’de 13-3 olmak üzere iki olağanüstü sezonu yöneten kronik olarak ortalama bir takım oldular ve her ikisi de NFC Şampiyonluk Oyununda kayıplarla sonuçlandı. Bu takımların ikisi de ertesi yıl playofflara çıkamadı. Bu yıl Vikingler, bir kez daha kronik olarak ortalama bir takıma sahip olmalarına rağmen 13-4’ü geçmeyi başardılar. Ortalama derken istatistiksel olarak ortalama – çıplak gözle asla bakmadıkları bir şey. Aldatıcı bir şekilde ortalamanın üzerinde ve iç karartıcı bir şekilde ortalamanın altında görünme yetenekleri, sezon boyunca sırayla maçtan oyuna, bazen çeyrekten çeyreğe kadar sürdü. Ancak yılın sonunda, istatistiksel olarak, yalnızca sonuçlarının iyi talihi ve eğlence değeriyle yalanlanan, oldukça hoş bir sıradanlığın yin ve yang’ını birleştiren, kesinlikle ortalamanın üzerinde bir hücum ve ortalamanın altında bir savunmaları vardı. Bu sezon tanık olduğumuz şey, analitik uzmanlarının “sürdürülemez” dediği şey. Ve ömrümüzde bir daha böyle bir sezon göremeyeceğimizi rahatlıkla söyleyebiliriz. İleriye baktığımızda, yaşamlarımızda görmek istediğimiz bir şey daha var (er ya da geç) ve bu, orta sınıf bir takımın onlardan daha fazla yazı-tura futbol oyunu kazanmasının haftalık draması değil. kaybetmek. Boynuzlu mor miğferli takımın elinde Lombardi Kupası. Oraya ulaşmak için Kwesi Adofo-Mensah, Kevin O’Connell ve bu ekibin tüm beyin güveninin, bu amaca yönelik attıkları adımlar hakkında net bir şekilde düşünmeleri gerekiyor. Ne yazık ki, bu süreç, gördüğünüz şeyin en az dirençli yol olabileceği veya olmayabileceği, lunapark aynalarından oluşan dolambaçlı bir koridorda gezinmek gibidir. Gerçekten iyi zamanlanmış top kayıpları, bir grup olarak gerçekten en güçlü özellikleri olan azim duygusu ve bazı eski moda aptal şanslar olmasaydı, bu sezon onuncu .500 sezonu olurdu (ver veya bir galibiyet al) yeni yüzyılın. Dışarıdaki istatistik gurularının, bir ton küp NFL verisini sıkıştıran ve sahadaki genel performansları göz önüne alındığında her takımın kaç galibiyet ve kayıp “kazanması gerektiği” konusunda bir tahmin üreten “Pisagor Galibiyetleri” adlı bir metriği var. Sonuçlar, analitik web sitesine göre Football Outsiders, 8 galibiyet: Vikinglerimiz bu yıl bir kez daha gerçekten .500’lük bir takım olabilirdi. Sanki Taylor Swift Vikingleri izliyormuş gibi. en sevdiğim şarkıyı yazdığında son albümü “Midnights”tan. Vikingler, bir veya daha az skorla kararlaştırılan 11 maçın hepsini kazanarak bir NFL rekoru kırmayı başardı ve aynı zamanda hepimiz için aşikar olması gereken şeyi – şu anda inşa edildiği şekliyle, bu takım Super Bowl yarışmacısı değil. 13 oyun kazanarak, neyin çok net olması gerektiğine dair ciddi şüpheler uyandırdılar: Eğer amaç gelecekte tutarlı bir kazanan ve ciddi bir Super Bowl yarışmacısı oluşturmaksa, bu takımın elden geçirilmesi gerekiyor – belki de bir klasikte değil ” yeniden inşa etme” anlamında, ama kesinlikle bazı duvarları yık ve burayı içten dışa yeniden şekillendir şeklinde. 4’ü kazanarakinci Bu sezon NFL’deki çoğu maçta, draft sıralamasında muhtemelen olmaları gereken yerden on sıra veya daha fazla düşecekler. Bunun yerine, “temel bir bağlılık” görebiliriz, muhtemelen devam eden sınırlama sorunları ve eski sözleşme uzatmalarının aşırı bağlılığı 2024 ve 2025’e kadar tekmelediğini görebiliriz. Muhtemelen 400’den fazla yarda izin verilen daha fazla oyun göreceğiz. gözenekli savunmamız ve topun her iki tarafında yeterince yüksek performanslı iç astar bulmak, koçluk yapmak ve yetiştirmek için daha fazla mücadele ile. Ve gelecek sezon en sevdiğimiz futbol takımı ortalamaya düştüğünde ve kendilerini bir kez daha çok ortalama olarak gösterdiğinde, neredeyse kesinlikle daha az mucizevi geri dönüş göreceğiz ve bir deflasyon hissi hissedeceğiz. Aslında, bu sezona bakıp sessizce kendi kendimize “Sana her zaman pişmanım” şarkısını söyleyebiliriz. Kaynak : https://purpleptsd.com/2023/vikings/opinion/13-4-vikings/ Sarebbe auspicabile, invece, che le donne dessero voce ai loro pensieri. Ecco come fare: prova a prendere un foglio di carta e a scrivere 20 e più pensieri ostacolanti che allontanano dalla guarigione. Ecco un esempio: - Sono così sola. Come posso fare senza di lui? - Devo tenere la mia famiglia unita, il mio lavoro sui binari - Non posso rivelare il mio segreto - Penso di essere l’unica - Mi sento confusa e stordita - Mi sento come se non potessi dirlo a nessuno - Qualcun altro sta vivendo la vita al mio posto - Ho perso me stessa - Mi sento senza speranza - Esisto solo in sua funzione - Sento come se i miei problemi fossero tutta colpa mia - Mi sento intrappolata senza via di uscita - Se ci metto più impegno, le cose andranno meglio - Se ci metto più impegno, sarò buona abbastanza per lui - Ho raccontato bugie per coprire quello che io stavo facendo e quello che lui stava facendo - Potrei far stare meglio i miei figli - Non so dire con chi sono stata o con chi ho parlato in tutti questi anni - ....... Continua tu ad aggiungere altri pensieri, giorno dopo giorno. Tieni questa lista a portata di mano in modo da poterla leggere frequentemente e motivarti a prendere in mano la tua vita. Riferimenti - Thompson, C. & Katz, S. (2016). No more secrets. Healing from domestic violence. Leon Smith Safety, health,
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stability, or activity9, 12, 13 ) to query the functional associations of non-essential and essential genes, respectively. After conjugation and ensuing genetic exchange mediated by homologous recombination, the resulting double mutants are selected on solid medium containing both antibiotics. After outgrowth, the plates are digitally imaged and colony sizes are quantitatively scored using an in-house automated image processing system14 . GIs are revealed when the growth rate of a double mutant is either significantly better or worse than expected9 . Aggravating (or negative) GIs often result between loss-of-function mutations in pairs of genes from compensatory pathways that impinge on the same essential process2 . Here, the loss of a single gene is buffered, such that either single mutant is viable. However, the loss of both pathways is deleterious and results in synthetic lethality or sickness (i.e. slow growth). Conversely, alleviating (or positive) interactions can occur between genes in the same pathway or protein complex2 as the deletion of either gene alone is often sufficient to perturb the normal function of the pathway or complex such that additional perturbations do not reduce activity, and hence growth, further. Overall, systematically identifying and analyzing GI networks can provide unbiased, global maps of the functional relationships between large numbers of genes, from which pathway-level information missed by other approaches can be inferred9 Genetics, Issue 69, Molecular Biology, Medicine, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Aggravating, alleviating, conjugation, double mutant, Escherichia coli, genetic interaction, Gram-negative bacteria, homologous recombination, network, synthetic lethality or sickness, suppression An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations Institutions: University of Oxford. The number of significant genetic associations with common complex traits is constantly increasing. However, most of these associations have not been understood at molecular level. One of the mechanisms mediating the effect of DNA variants on phenotypes is gene expression, which has been shown to be particularly relevant for complex traits1 This method tests in a cellular context the effect of specific DNA sequences on gene expression. The principle is to measure the relative abundance of transcripts arising from the two alleles of a gene, analysing cells which carry one copy of the DNA sequences associated with disease (the risk variants)2,3 . Therefore, the cells used for this method should meet two fundamental genotypic requirements: they have to be heterozygous both for DNA risk variants and for DNA markers, typically coding polymorphisms, which can distinguish transcripts based on their chromosomal origin (Figure 1). DNA risk variants and DNA markers do not need to have the same allele frequency but the phase (haplotypic) relationship of the genetic markers needs to be understood. It is also important to choose cell types which express the gene of interest. This protocol refers specifically to the procedure adopted to extract nucleic acids from fibroblasts but the method is equally applicable to other cells types including primary cells. DNA and RNA are extracted from the selected cell lines and cDNA is generated. DNA and cDNA are analysed with a primer extension assay, designed to target the coding DNA markers4 . The primer extension assay is carried out using the MassARRAY (Sequenom)5 platform according to the manufacturer's specifications. Primer extension products are then analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). Because the selected markers are heterozygous they will generate two peaks on the MS profiles. The area of each peak is proportional to the transcript abundance and can be measured with a function of the MassARRAY Typer software to generate an allelic ratio (allele 1: allele 2) calculation. The allelic ratio obtained for cDNA is normalized using that measured from genomic DNA, where the allelic ratio is expected to be 1:1 to correct for technical artifacts. Markers with a normalised allelic ratio significantly different to 1 indicate that the amount of transcript generated from the two chromosomes in the same cell is different, suggesting that the DNA variants associated with the phenotype have an effect on gene expression. Experimental controls should be used to confirm the results. Cellular Biology, Issue 45, Gene expression, regulatory variant, haplotype, association study, primer extension, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, single nucleotide polymorphism, allele-specific A Toolkit to Enable Hydrocarbon Conversion in Aqueous Environments Institutions: Delft University of Technology, Delft University of Technology. This work puts forward a toolkit that enables the conversion of alkanes by Escherichia coli and presents a proof of principle of its applicability. The toolkit consists of multiple standard interchangeable parts (BioBricks)9 addressing the conversion of alkanes, regulation of gene expression and survival in toxic hydrocarbon-rich environments. A three-step pathway for alkane degradation was implemented in E. coli to enable the conversion of medium- and long-chain alkanes to their respective alkanols, alkanals and ultimately alkanoic-acids. The latter were metabolized via the native β-oxidation pathway. To facilitate the oxidation of medium-chain alkanes (C5-C13) and cycloalkanes (C5-C8), four genes (alkB2 ) of the alkane hydroxylase system from Gordonia were transformed into E. coli . For the conversion of long-chain alkanes (C15-C36), theladA gene from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans was implemented. For the required further steps of the degradation process, ADH and ALDH ( originating from G. thermodenitrificans ) were introduced10,11 . The activity was measured by resting cell assays. For each oxidative step, enzyme activity was observed. To optimize the process efficiency, the expression was only induced under low glucose conditions: a substrate-regulated promoter, pCaiF, was used. pCaiF is present in E. coli K12 and regulates the expression of the genes involved in the degradation of non-glucose carbon sources. The last part of the toolkit - targeting survival - was implemented using solvent tolerance genes, PhPFDα and β, both from Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3. Organic solvents can induce cell stress and decreased survivability by negatively affecting protein folding. As chaperones, PhPFDα and β improve the protein folding process e.g. under the presence of alkanes. The expression of these genes led to an improved hydrocarbon tolerance shown by an increased growth rate (up to 50%) in the presences of 10% n -hexane in the culture medium were observed. Summarizing, the results indicate that the toolkit enables E. coli to convert and tolerate hydrocarbons in aqueous environments. As such, it represents an initial step towards a sustainable solution for oil-remediation using a synthetic biology approach. Bioengineering, Issue 68, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Oil remediation, alkane metabolism, alkane hydroxylase system, resting cell assay, prefoldin, Escherichia coli, synthetic biology, homologous interaction mapping, mathematical model, BioBrick, iGEM Protease- and Acid-catalyzed Labeling Workflows Employing 18O-enriched Water Institutions: Boston Biomedical Research Institute. Stable isotopes are essential tools in biological mass spectrometry. Historically, 18 O-stable isotopes have been extensively used to study the catalytic mechanisms of proteolytic enzymes1-3 . With the advent of mass spectrometry-based proteomics, the enzymatically-catalyzed incorporation of 18 O-atoms from stable isotopically enriched water has become a popular method to quantitatively compare protein expression levels ( reviewed by Fenselau and Yao4 , Miyagi and Rao5 and Ye et al.6) O-labeling constitutes a simple and low-cost alternative to chemical (e.g. iTRAQ, ICAT) and metabolic (e.g. SILAC) labeling techniques7 . Depending on the protease utilized, 18 O-labeling can result in the incorporation of up to two 18 O-atoms in the C-terminal carboxyl group of the cleavage product3 . The labeling reaction can be subdivided into two independent processes, the peptide bond cleavage and the carboxyl oxygen exchange reaction8 . In our PALeO (p -enriched water) adaptation of enzymatic 18 O-labeling, we utilized 50% 18 O-enriched water to yield distinctive isotope signatures. In combination with high-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS), the characteristic isotope envelopes can be used to identify cleavage products with a high level of specificity. We previously have used the PALeO-methodology to detect and characterize endogenous proteases9 and monitor proteolytic reactions10-11 . Since PALeO encodes the very essence of the proteolytic cleavage reaction, the experimental setup is simple and biochemical enrichment steps of cleavage products can be circumvented. The PALeO-method can easily be extended to (i) time course experiments that monitor the dynamics of proteolytic cleavage reactions and (ii) the analysis of proteolysis in complex biological samples that represent physiological conditions. PALeO-TimeCourse experiments help identifying rate-limiting processing steps and reaction intermediates in complex proteolytic pathway reactions. Furthermore, the PALeO-reaction allows us to identify proteolytic enzymes such as the serine protease trypsin that is capable to rebind its cleavage products and catalyze the incorporation of a second 18 O-atom. Such "double-labeling" enzymes can be used for postdigestion 18 O-labeling, in which peptides are exclusively labeled by the carboxyl oxygen exchange reaction. Our third strategy extends labeling employing 18 O-enriched water beyond enzymes and uses acidic pH conditions to introduce 18 O-stable isotope signatures into peptides. Biochemistry, Issue 72, Molecular Biology, Proteins, Proteomics, Chemistry, Physics, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, proteomics, proteolysis, quantification, stable isotope labeling, labeling, catalyst, peptides, 18-O enriched water Optimized Negative Staining: a High-throughput Protocol for Examining Small and Asymmetric Protein Structure by Electron Microscopy Institutions: The Molecular Foundry. Structural determination of proteins is rather challenging for proteins with molecular masses between 40 - 200 kDa. Considering that more than half of natural proteins have a molecular mass between 40 - 200 kDa1,2 , a robust and high-throughput method with a nanometer resolution capability is needed. Negative staining (NS) electron microscopy (EM) is an easy, rapid, and qualitative approach which has frequently been used in research laboratories to examine protein structure and protein-protein interactions. Unfortunately, conventional NS protocols often generate structural artifacts on proteins, especially with lipoproteins that usually form presenting rouleaux artifacts. By using images of lipoproteins from cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) as a standard, the key parameters in NS specimen preparation conditions were recently screened and reported as the optimized NS protocol (OpNS), a modified conventional NS protocol 3 . Artifacts like rouleaux can be greatly limited by OpNS, additionally providing high contrast along with reasonably high‐resolution (near 1 nm) images of small and asymmetric proteins. These high-resolution and high contrast images are even favorable for an individual protein (a single object, no average) 3D reconstruction, such as a 160 kDa antibody, through the method of electron tomography4,5 . Moreover, OpNS can be a high‐throughput tool to examine hundreds of samples of small proteins. For example, the previously published mechanism of 53 kDa cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) involved the screening and imaging of hundreds of samples 6 . Considering cryo-EM rarely successfully images proteins less than 200 kDa has yet to publish any study involving screening over one hundred sample conditions, it is fair to call OpNS a high-throughput method for studying small proteins. Hopefully the OpNS protocol presented here can be a useful tool to push the boundaries of EM and accelerate EM studies into small protein structure, dynamics and mechanisms. Environmental Sciences, Issue 90, small and asymmetric protein structure, electron microscopy, optimized negative staining A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses Institutions: Emory University, Emory University. The protective effect of many HLA class I alleles on HIV-1 pathogenesis and disease progression is, in part, attributed to their ability to target conserved portions of the HIV-1 genome that escape with difficulty. Sequence changes attributed to cellular immune pressure arise across the genome during infection, and if found within conserved regions of the genome such as Gag, can affect the ability of the virus to replicate in vitro . Transmission of HLA-linked polymorphisms in Gag to HLA-mismatched recipients has been associated with reduced set point viral loads. We hypothesized this may be due to a reduced replication capacity of the virus. Here we present a novel method for assessing the in vitro replication of HIV-1 as influenced by the gag gene isolated from acute time points from subtype C infected Zambians. This method uses restriction enzyme based cloning to insert the gag gene into a common subtype C HIV-1 proviral backbone, MJ4. This makes it more appropriate to the study of subtype C sequences than previous recombination based methods that have assessed the in vitro replication of chronically derived gag-pro sequences. Nevertheless, the protocol could be readily modified for studies of viruses from other subtypes. Moreover, this protocol details a robust and reproducible method for assessing the replication capacity of the Gag-MJ4 chimeric viruses on a CEM-based T cell line. This method was utilized for the study of Gag-MJ4 chimeric viruses derived from 149 subtype C acutely infected Zambians, and has allowed for the identification of residues in Gag that affect replication. More importantly, the implementation of this technique has facilitated a deeper understanding of how viral replication defines parameters of early HIV-1 pathogenesis such as set point viral load and longitudinal CD4+ T cell decline. Infectious Diseases, Issue 90, HIV-1, Gag, viral replication, replication capacity, viral fitness, MJ4, CEM, GXR25 A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination Institutions: University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Waterloo. Uncontrolled glycemia is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus and promotes morbidities like neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. With the increasing prevalence of diabetes, both immune-mediated type 1 and obesity-linked type 2, studies aimed at delineating diabetes pathophysiology and therapeutic mechanisms are of critical importance. The β-cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans are responsible for appropriately secreting insulin in response to elevated blood glucose concentrations. In addition to glucose and other nutrients, the β-cells are also stimulated by specific hormones, termed incretins, which are secreted from the gut in response to a meal and act on β-cell receptors that increase the production of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Decreased β-cell function, mass, and incretin responsiveness are well-understood to contribute to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, and are also being increasingly linked with type 1 diabetes. The present mouse islet isolation and cAMP determination protocol can be a tool to help deline
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حرف زدن است ولی نقد، منتظر شنیده شدن نیست. اینجا است که تفاوت منتقد با معترض و مخالف و مصلح و مفسد روشن میشود. California English Journal Teaching Stories: The Importance of Shared Inquiry in Beginning Throughout the year, these teachers made observations about their individual experiences that led them to tacit understandings about themselves as teachers. Their shared inquiry helped them bring what they were learning about teaching to a conscious level. Vinz, p. 238 And if I know anything, I know how to survive, how to remake the world in story. Allison, p. 4 Listen to this conversation, overheard one night in an Irish pub. "People at my school keep asking me, How late do you stay after school? I say, Oh, usually until three-thirty or four. They ask, And then do you go home and make lesson plans and mark papers? Yeah, usually, but sometimes I might go out. Well, if you keep up at that pace, you're gonna burn out. At the end of this year you're gonna quit. You're never gonna get any better, and you're just gonna get worse and you're gonna burn out." Kirsten, a first-year teacher, is reenacting for her neighbors a conversation she has had recently at her school. "Is that what they say to you?" Coming from Dave, who taught several years in public schools, it is a rhetorical question. He is grimly unsurprised. "Who is this who's telling you this? Who is this person?" Andrew, who is teaching high school for the first time this year, is still a little bit surprised. "I've had four different teachers . . ." Kirsten becomes a mimic: "If you don't get a mentor, if you don't start going to the teacher's cafeteria, if you don't start associating with other teachers who can help you, you're gonna burn out. Kirsten rotates her beer stein on the table. "I mean, yeah, I spend a lot of time thinking about teaching! Yeah, I spend a lot of time thinking about my students. But I didn't sign up to be a teacher so I could be like, Oops, two-forty, gotta go. I can only have forty-five minutes, that's my prep, forty-five minutes of grading papers, so everything I do better fit into that period of time. I never thought that's what it was gonna be." "It's just how threatened people feel," offers Cammie. "These are some common themes in the slight literature on first-year teachers, the themes of, a) isolation, and b)--and this isn't just new teachers--it's the threat of new ideas, and a kind of vicious response to it from more burned-out teachers, or traditional teachers who are more experienced." Dave is sounding a little like a university professor. As it happens, he is a professor, in an English Education program at a local university, where the others have been methods students, two of them with Dave as their teacher. "They want to disabuse you of all these liberal notions, that you can individualize instruction, that you can do whole language, that you can do process approaches to instruction, that you can create a workshop in the classroom, all that stuff. They think they've seen that before." Isolation is obviously a problem for new teachers. The other teachers at Kirsten's school correctly suggest that to isolate yourself is to hasten burn-out. However, as Kirsten has made clear, if she were to take her colleagues' advice and simply conform to the status quo at her school, abandon the approach to teaching that she finds personally compelling, this would also be a route to burn-out. What is the path running between these two unacceptable alternatives? Is it a prefabricated path? Or is it a path made "by walking?" (Horton and Freire, 1990). Some school systems have taken steps to find such a path, pairing new teachers with mentors who dispense advice on everything from lesson-planning, to dealing with behavior problems, to where to buy an inexpensive lunch. And, more often than not, veteran teachers, thinking of the plagues they had to endure at the outset of their careers, wish they could vaccinate new teachers with some distillation of their experience. They give unsolicited advice. The meeting at the bar, which took place in January of 1999, was no accident. It was engineered by Dave and Tony as an encore to an experiment in collaborative planning they carried out the previous spring when they each taught sections of English Methods. Their object was to bring together a group of first-year teachers to meet on a regular basis during their first year of teaching. They invited four students, Andrew, Cammie, Kirsten and Nancy, to participate. These four did not teach at the same schools, and they did not teach the same grade levels, but all four had demonstrated an interest in how democratic practices find a place (or don't) in the secondary English classroom. They also chose them, as Dave explained, by asking themselves, "Who would we most like to spend a year with, hanging out in a bar, drinking beer and talking about teaching?" Ultimately, they wanted to create a community of first year teachers who would support each other in whatever ways those teachers thought necessary. So it was less about advice for new teachers these two veteran teachers had to share than a series of occasions for mutual exploration of whatever teaching issues came up for them in the process of learning to teach, occasions that were more about creating supportive relationships-even friendship--than providing technical expertise. At the first meeting in late June of 1998, after a semester of student teaching, in (of course) an Irish pub, the following exchange took place: Dave: Well, it's an interesting move, the creation of supportive communities. You four might not have chosen to be in the same space at the same time. You might have chosen three other people you were absolutely comfortable crying in front of, and what we've done is something different. We just take four of the people in our classrooms with whom we felt most comfortable and put them together. You may not feel initially comfortable, but I'm still hopeful as a teacher that it can still happen, still work, as a supportive community. Cammie: Part of me feels too far removed from conversations like this, in that, I already feel like I need it and I couldn't imagine a year without it. I think, if you don't set aside time like this it is really hard, in the flurry of things, to make the time for it. At the same time, there's a part of me. . . I kind of want to run away from it all and just close the door and be a teacher for a year by myself. It's not that when I'm in the classroom now I'm not conscious of what I'm doing and the mistakes I make. So part of me feels like, I don't need somebody else helping me figure out the mistakes I'm making, or how to fix them, because I know. Nancy: Right, as a new teacher you're very conscious. You're hyper-conscious. Cammie: And I feel like all of us here are that way. Nonetheless, most of the time I feel like this is something I need, but, sometimes I'm all too frustrated and I'm like, Uhn! Yeah, just let me go to sleep or something, you know what I mean? Kirsten: I feel very lucky this year, and I feel lucky in my life, that two of my closest friends and my mother are all teachers. So I could never seem to avoid talking about teaching. On some days it's good, and some days it's bad, but I really do feel like it is needed. I mean, I look forward to these meetings just to feel the network and support that is out of your school, so you don't just fall into conversations that are only about kids and parents. Those kinds of conversations don't necessarily work out in the same way as this. Cammie: Right, right. Nancy: About the issue of not necessarily choosing this group, it's a really interesting concept because, [to Dave] you kind of touched on it, we ask our kids to do that all the time. We put them in groups and we say, work together. But we as teachers are outside the group, and we can never experience that. But to continue that kind of experience is valuable, because we are constantly asking our students to do that, constantly asking them to produce in groups when they may or may not choose these people to socialize with. So it's kind of interesting to come together in a quasi-social setting, and try to do some democratic process. Like campers around a bonfire late at night, we kept each other 'awake,' or conscious, by telling stories. As a distillation of experience, the story has this advantage over the piece of unsolicited advice: the storyteller distills his or her own experience, for his or her own use. Curiously, while listening to the story, the others sometimes find that an altered perspective on their own experience is a sweet byproduct of the distillation process. Advice often has the disadvantage of conferring to the recipient the burden of either taking or ignoring it. In light of how strenuous the work of teaching is to begin with, we did not give each other more work to do. Instead, we unburdened ourselves. At a meeting in September, after the first week of school, Kirsten gets the group rolling. "I had the worst first day," she says. "People told me, It's seventh grade! It'll be all right. They re all going to be afraid of you. Yeah, right. They're not afraid of anything at all. It was terrible. I understand what I did wrong the first day, which I corrected the second day, which went much better. The third day I did a mix between the stuff I did right and the stuff I did wrong, which made it a mixed day." "Can you talk about that?" Dave asks. "What do you mean, what you did 'wrong'?" "Well, the first day, you go in there all excited, and you go in there totally emotionally involved already with these kids you don't even know, or at least I was. So I was all, We're going to have a great time! And they were just like, Yeah? Well, f*** you. So then I got upset, and flustered, and tried to do this This is disappointing approach, and they're like, Yeah, right, this IS disappointing, and I'm getting mad, and they're really like, Whoo-oo, we got her pissed off on the very first day! So, on the second day, I didn't raise my voice, very calm, very level-headed, like nothing fazed me, and whew they were good. Then today, the intercom system--I want to kill it!--flustered me all the time, and there was a fire drill in the middle of a two period class that they didn't tell me about, so my plans got cut in half. I couldn't do group work, because I didn't have time, and then you can't do silent reading if you have a fire drill, so I was like, We're going to have a," and here she paused to inject a note of dramatic emphasis, "Quiz on your Common Knowledge, as in, who's the President of the United States? I was like, I need to know where you are so I can take you where you want to go, and they didn't know what was going on. So I'm like, Who's the first president of the U.S. and everyone yells, How do you spell 'George'?" Each of the new teachers stories that night, mixing humor and horror, zero in on the sites of their greatest anxiety. Even at this time, the consciousness (as Nancy named it) that Cammie rightly attributed to everyone in the group is evident. Kirsten can't help but narrate her first three days in an evaluative way, identifying certain errors and smart moves she had made as a teacher. As a distillation of experience, the story has this advantage to the piece of unsolicited advice: storytellers distill their own experience, for their own use. And one could also argue that listeners take from others' experience to add to their own. Two months into the school year, Cammie filled in the group on her latest teaching struggle, trying to come to terms with her feelings and actions regarding Jaime, a student already pegged by the school's administrator as so "at-risk" that he should be transferred out of the school. While she resisted this characterization of Jaime as somewhat incorrect and limiting, she admitted that she was starting to lean toward her administrator's plan to have him removed. Cammie explains how, after a day of false fire alarms and incredibly disruptive behavior by Jaime, her administrator pulls him out of class where Cammie had just settled him into silent reading, after numerous outbursts (both his and hers) and starts screaming at him. "She just pulls him into the hall and starts yelling all of these truly reprehensible things at him and saying 'You're the one pulling the fire alarm, you're the one pulling the fire alarm!' He starts crying, freaks out, starts screaming, throwing things. This is in the hall. But then, I go back in my classroom. I can t even think. He's supposed to be in my class at the time, but. . . I kind of just turned around and went into my class. And shut the door. No, I left the door open, and he was just out there freaking out." The others in the group listen carefully, mostly just allowing Cammie space to tell her story, to construct her story, sorting out and telling what has meaning to her, what is truth to her. And in the process, she critically reflects on her actions, in the presence of others raising questions about what she does and what she believes. In the end, she says, "Yeah, and I'm also--I don't know if I'm--I think I'm sometimes just really good at trying to rationalize and justify my feelings to myself in my head. Because I definitely feel that I'm at my wits' end, and I can't deal with him. I teach when he's in class and nothing's working, everything I'm trying is just getting worse and worse. Anything I tried with him that was at all effective before? Today, it's one hundred percent ineffective. And so, now I'm kind of able to rationalize my feelings of wanting him to not be in the school by saying, 'You know what? This isn't the right place for Jaime because he isn't getting what he needs here, and he's not functioning here. Which, in part, I totally believe. And then, in part, I'm just like, 'Well, damn, why is that?'" Cammie s story, like Kirsten's, highlights some of the exasperation and even sometimes, desperation, that new teachers feel in many teaching situations, with one important difference. Kirsten's story has a confessional, self-deprecating quality to it, and is definitely of the "first day" story genre, certainly not suggestive of something one might want to do in one's own classroom. Cammie's story has a different quality to it, one told by a teacher just a little more experienced at this point, one that emerges into a process of collective meaning-making. In asking herself, "why is that?" Cammie poses the question to the group, allowing us to either help her answer the question for herself or use it as a lens through which to see students in our own classrooms. So what was the usefulness of a group of teachers meeting without a set agenda, meeting weekly for a year to discuss
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using some of the most baroque strategies known in evolution. That's one reason why Wolbachia, discovered in 1924, have just recently become the darlings of evolutionary biologists. Last summer the first international Wolbachia conference was held in Crete. The first Wolbachia genome project should be finished this year by Scott O'Neill of Yale University and his colleagues. And whereas humans merited a single genome project, six other Wolbachia genome projects are under way. "The whole field is just exploding," says O'Neill. And rightly so, say Wolbachia fans. There are tantalizing hints that Wolbachia's extraordinary ability to manipulate their hosts for their own evolutionary benefit can help turn a population of hosts into a new species. And some researchers think that Wolbachia can be used as a weapon against pests and parasites that cause diseases such as malaria and river blindness. Researchers did not begin to fathom the remarkable ways in which Wolbachia ensure their own success until the 1970s. Wolbachia can only live inside the cells of their hosts. If they live in a female, they can infect her eggs and be passed down to her offspring. But if they live in a male, they hit a dead end; as his sex cells divide into tiny sperm, the bacteria are squeezed out. That means only infected females can keep a lineage of Wolbachia alive. To ensure a steady stream of progeny, researchers discovered, Wolbachia sometimes boost their own reproductive success by increasing that of infected female hosts. Researchers discovered in the 1970s that, through a process known as cytoplasmic incompatibility, Wolbachia make it difficult for uninfected females to reproduce. Their strategy works like this: If a healthy female mates with a male carrying Wolbachia, some or all of her fertilized eggs will die. But a female carrying Wolbachia can mate with either infected or uninfected males and produce viable eggs--all of which have Wolbachia in them. As a result, the infected females outcompete parasite-free ones, and the overall proportion of Wolbachia carriers increases in a population. The nuts and bolts of this phenomenon remain a matter of speculation. "That's still a big open question," says John Werren, a Wolbachia expert at the University of Rochester in New York. The evidence so far suggests that the bacteria that end up in males produce a toxin that alters their host's sperm. When these males mate with uninfected females, the tainted sperm do a lousy job of fertilizing their eggs. Meanwhile, Wolbachia living in females produce an antidote that somehow restores the sperm to their full viability. On the run Despite these startling discoveries, few microbiologists had even heard of Wolbachia through the 1980s. "Basically, Wolbachia was thought to be an obscure bunch of bacteria that lived in just a few insects," says Werren. That obscurity, it turned out, was simply due to the fact that Wolbachia are not easily cultured outside a host and thus escape detection through traditional means. But with the advent of the polymerase chain reaction in the early 1990s, researchers were at last able to fish through animal cells for Wolbachia genes. They caught a huge harvest. Surveying insects in Panama, England, and the United States, Werren found that about 20% in all three countries were infected. "Twenty percent is definitely a minimum, if for no other reason that I only sampled one or two individuals per species," says Werren. Indeed, other researchers have found infection rates as high as 76%. All told, Wolbachia may infect well over 1 million species of insects, and the bacteria are not limited to insect hosts: Researchers have been finding them in such disparate groups of invertebrates as millipedes, crustaceans, and mites. When Wolbachia enter a new population, they race through it. In the 1980s, Michael Turelli of the University of California, Davis, and Ary Hoffman, now at La Trobe University in Australia, discovered a new strain of Wolbachia in fruit flies in Southern California. To their amazement, they found that the microbe was expanding across the state at a whopping 100 kilometers a year. Since then it has swept across the country and much of the world. Wolbachia spread so quickly, researchers realized, because they take control of their hosts' reproduction. And in the past decade, they've discovered that cytoplasmic incompatibility is only one of many tricks the bacteria use to do so. In some species of wasps, for example, Wolbachia completely alter the host's sex life, manipulating the host to give birth only to females which then no longer need to mate with males to reproduce. In other species, they allow males to be born but alter their hormones to feminize them and make them produce eggs. A fourth way Wolbachia can boost their reproductive success is to destroy their male hosts (and, paradoxically, themselves in the process). In a number of hosts, Wolbachia kill all of the male eggs that they infect. When the female hosts hatch, they don't have to compete with their brothers for food--in fact, their brothers are their food. By cannibalizing the male eggs, the Wolbachia-infected females increase their chances of survival. With so many of their brethren killed off, the few males that remain can enjoy remarkable reproductive success. A species that might normally be split 50-50 between males and females may become permanently skewed to females, as in the case of the Ugandan butterfly Jiggins studies. And because these females have only a few males to mate with, there's more reproductive payoff in being a male than a female butterfly. This situation, Jiggins suspects, may radically alter the behavior of the butterflies, driving males to be very choosy in their mates, preferring healthy females to Wolbachia- infected ones. Indeed, "uninfected females are more likely to mate," Jiggins points out. If a male chooses an infected mate, he may father few sons or none at all, thereby reducing his chances of having grandchildren. Wolbachia may even provide clues into how species originate. New species arise when populations become isolated. Gradually, each population acquires new genes, and, if their isolation lasts long enough, those new genes make them unable to mate with other members of their species. In the 8 February issue of Nature, Werren and Seth Bordenstein of the University of Rochester demonstrated that Wolbachia may be able to create just this sort of isolation, as has long been suspected. The biologists looked at two closely related species of wasps--Nasonia giraulti and Nasonia longicornis--that carry two different strains of Wolbachia. Normally these two species cannot mate. But when Werren and Bordenstein cured the wasps of their Wolbachia infection, the wasps could produce healthy hybrids that could in turn produce healthy offspring of their own. The wasps are divided into two species, Werren argues, only because they carry different strains of Wolbachia. Each species carries a strain that prevents its males from fathering wasps with females of the other species. The bacteria thus create a reproductive wall between them. Although some evolutionary biologists have suspected for more than 40 years that Wolbachia may be agents of speciation, not everyone agrees, and only recently have researchers such as Werren and Bordenstein begun to test the possibility carefully. "Every time I look further into this topic, I'm coming away with data that say it is important," says Werren. If the work holds up, Werren concedes, they will have stumbled upon a very unconventional path to speciation. Whereas geographically splitting a species in two can create new species over the course of thousands of years, Wolbachia might be able to push their host apart in a few generations. Yet other researchers argue that the Nature paper does not close the case. Although the paper is "interesting," Wolbachia expert Hoffman says that "the research does not demonstrate that Wolbachia causes speciation." He points out that the two wasp species do not live side by side in nature; they might have acquired their incompatible Wolbachia strains after they were isolated. What's more, Hoffman adds, if two strains of Wolbachia invade a host species, mathematical models suggest that one of them will often drive the other out of existence. Wolbachia as weapon Given the breakneck pace at which Wolbachia sweep through the invertebrate world, researchers might be able to use them to fight pests and the diseases they carry, speculate O'Neill and others (Science, 20 October 2000, p. 440). To fight malaria, for example, researchers might be able to introduce a gene encoding resistance to Plasmodium (the protozoan that causes the disease) into Wolbachia's genome. Researchers might then infect mosquitoes with the altered Wolbachia, which could theoretically produce antibodies that block the transmission of the parasite through the insect's body. With Wolbachia's wide reach, entire populations of the insects might become resistant, says O'Neill. Other insects that might be candidates for Wolbachia infection include tsetse flies (which spread sleeping sickness) and leaf hoppers (which spread viral diseases between rice plants). At this stage, however, such strategies remain speculative. It may not be possible, for example, to find a suitable antibody gene, or it may not do its job properly when expressed in bacteria. Taking a different strategy to fighting malaria, O'Neill and his colleagues are investigating a virulent strain of Wolbachia that infects Drosophila melanogaster and cuts their life-span by up to 50%. By killing insects before they get too old, Wolbachia could be devastating to parasites they carry, because they need time to develop inside their hosts before they can infect humans. "Under certain conditions, we should be able to see 80% to 100% reductions in disease transmissions," asserts O'Neill. He and his colleagues have already succeeded in infecting a different species of Drosophila with the virulent strain of Wolbachia in the lab--it cuts their life-span as well--and they're now investigating whether they can establish it in mosquitoes. A quicker approach would be to insert the virulence-producing genes directly into the Wolbachia that live in mosquitoes--if researchers could find the genes. That's one reason O'Neill's team is sequencing the approximately 1-million-base genome of the virulent strain that infects D. melanogaster; they plan to finish it this year. Because Wolbachia strains have evolved so many adaptations for manipulating their hosts, other researchers have started genome projects on six more. Researchers also hope to use Wolbachia to battle river blindness and elephantiasis. These diseases are caused by parasitic worms (called filarial nematodes) carried by flies and mosquitoes. But unlike insect-borne diseases such as malaria and sleeping sickness, these worms carry Wolbachia and depend on the bacteria for their well-being. As early as the mid-1970s, researchers knew that some sort of bacteria were living inside the worms. In 1995, researchers sequencing the genome of one filarial nematode stumbled across Wolbachia genes (Science, 19 February 1999, p. 1105). Wolbachia have now been found in almost every other species of filarial nematode. Although Wolbachia are parasites in most invertebrates, researchers suspect that they live mutualistically with nematodes. Perhaps the clearest sign that the worms derive some benefit from an infection is the fact that they suffer if their Wolbachia are wiped out by antibiotics. Onchocerca ochengi, a filarial nematode in cattle, for example, die when their bacteria are destroyed. In other species, the females simply become sterile. Researchers don't yet know what sort of service Wolbachia provide the worms, but they are already investigating whether they can fight filarial diseases by killing the bacteria. German researchers reported in the 8 April 2000 issue of The Lancet that when they gave the antibiotic doxycycline to people suffering from river blindness in Ghana, the worms' embryogenesis stopped. Antibiotics might prove superior to ivermectin, the drug now used to fight river blindness, say the researchers. Ivermectin kills young parasitic worms but has to be taken every 6 months, whereas one dose of antibiotics may be able to stop the worms from producing any offspring. Whether as a mutualist or a parasite, Wolbachia are proving to be among the most versatile microbes ever found. As O'Neill says, "the discoveries are accelerating so much it's hard to predict where we're going." Some new directions are likely to emerge from the forthcoming genome sequences of these master manipulators. Copyright 2001 Carl Zimmer چیدمان و تزئین اتاق نشیمن ایده هایی برای چیدمان و تزئین اتاق نشیمن (1 – 3) در حالی که تصور می شود قلب خانه آشپزخانه است، آیا این عادلانه نیست که بگوییم اتاق نشیمن جایی است که بیشترین زمان را برای استراحت می گذرانیم؟ بنابراین ایجاد فضایی کاملاً راحت و کاربردی در اندازه مساوی حیاتی است. چه برای برنامه ریزی یک پروژه تغییر دکوراسیون و چه انجام یک تغییر کوچک با مبلمان، اگر به دنبال ایده های برای چیدمان و تزئین اتاق نشیمن هستید که فضای اتاق شما را متحول کند یا فضای خانوادگی با نقشه اُپن را ارتقا دهد، این مقاله شما را به بهترین وجه یاری خواهد نمود. یک نقطه شروع خوب این است که به این فکر کنید که چند نفر را به طور منظم در اتاق نشیمن خود جا می دهید. این به شما کمک می کند که مبلمان اتاق نشیمن را به درستی انتخاب کنید. 1- چه چیزی را باید در اتاق نشیمن خود بگذارید؟ یک خانواده پرجمعیت حداقل به یک مبل بزرگ و قابل توجه و چند صندلی راحتی احتیاج دارند تا اطمینان حاصل کنند که همه افراد جایی راحت برای نشستن دارند. اگر فضا تنگ باشد، صندلی های کیسه ای و پاف ها یک روش هوشمندانه برای تعبیه صندلی های اضافی است و می توان آنها را به راحتی در مواقعی که تعداد افراد کمتری در خانه وجود دارد کنار گذاشت. اگر دوست دارید در اتاق نشیمن خود سرگرم باشید، بهتر است چند صندلی کناری سبک داشته باشید که در صورت مراجعه مهمانان بیشتری به خانه شما، قابلیت جابجایی در چیدمان های اجتماعی تر را داشته باشند. میزهای عسلی کوچک یا میزهای تودرتو یکی دیگر از وسایل جانبی مفیدی است که به مهمانان فضایی را برای قرار دادن نوشیدنی های خود روی آن اختصاص می دهد. 2- ایده های برای ذخیره سازی اتاق نشیمن ذخیره سازی مناسب اتاق نشیمن تقریباً به اندازه چیدمان مناسب اتاق نشیمن مهم است. درهم و برهمی می تواند به سرعت در فضایی ساخته شود که همه خانه همه روزه از آن استفاده می کند، بنابراین مهم است که همه چیز جای مناسب خود را داشته باشد. یک میز قهوه با کشو یا یک قفسه پنهان مناسب برای نگه
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was constructed on a nice sunny day in beautiful Eire! The site had a weedmat in place for a couple of weeks to deter any unwanted plants and their seeds from taking over. After that, the area was leveled and tilled twice.. ..since the soil profile was deep enough, no concrete was necessary. 3/4m poles were driven into the ground and aluminum loops inserted into the poles to create a basic framework.. ..1m wide x 30cm deep trenches were dug out alongside the entire perimeter, this will serve to further support the covering and entire structure towards the end (note the richness of the soil).. ..heat resistant insulation was attached to all the poles. This prevents the heat transfer from the metal poles onto the greenhouse cover (which runs the risk of deforming/damaging the said cover).. ..additional framework is added onto the basic one, namely horizontal bars for added support and the possibility to attach hanging baskets, as well as wooden framework (pressure treated Red Teal bars) for the apertures.. ..doors with wooden framework and polyethylene covers set in place onto the frame. The picture is onto its side to highlight the fact that once again there is no standard – doors may be sliding, projecting, covered or uncovered with a bug screen. This all depends on the particular conditions desired – to know exactly what you need is the first step to shape the construction upon.. ..the greenhouse cover (polyethylene in this case) is lined across the framework for setting up. Greenhouse covers may differ in strength, material and also the light wavelength type and frequency they allow to pass through – once again determined by growing requirements, the usual greenhouse cover material is usually clear polyethylene as in this case.. ..the cover is stretched onto the structure, fixtures and a few final touches in place will give this result! On this area (40ft x 17ft) conventional outdoor growing will probably support up to a hundred plants, in greenhouse soil production this number may be raised to around 200 plants – and if high-tech (also eco-friendly) systems are in place (such as aquaponic multi levelled NFT), there is a good possibility to support a whopping 800-1000 plants with zero additions of artificial fertilisers and the bonus of rearing fish – yes, you may go fishing in your own polytunnel! For more info on these systems, check out a brief overview by following this link which will open in a new tab. More developments on the systems mentioned will be posted in due course, you may subscribe using the below link to receive them.. Basically, we call baroque to the 17th Century. That means 400 years ago!!! There were painters, scuptors and architects who created lots of masterworks. They liked motion and detail. How did people live in that time? It was a time with no hospital or medical facilities. People died for any disease, because there were no medicines. Lices were a problem during those days, so people shave their heads and used wigs! How do I know when music is baroque? A lot of notes appeared, even in slow music. Opera appeared for the first time. The opera was a dramatic work with music, playing on a stage. Three instruments were used a lot: violin, harpsichord and organ. The violin is a bowed string instrument. One of the masters of this instrument was Antonio Vivaldi. The harpsichord seems like a piano, but the sound is quite different. Domenico Scarlatti was one of the greatest musicians of this time. The organ is a complex wind instrument. It's the biggest instrument, and one of the most hard-to-play instruments. In this time, musicians tried to impress the audience playing or singing really fast and hard. That is called Virtuosism. Vivaldi - Violin concerto "Summer" - 3rd movement "Storm" J.P. Rameau - La Poule G.F.Händel - "Julius Caesar" Opera Great Music, Great musicians Scarlatti - Presto from sonata in Cm George F. Haendel Aria from "Giulio Cesare" (G.F.Handel)) Johann Sebastian Bach Monteverdi - Prelude from "L'Orfeo" Buxtehude - Passacaglia You can do the following tasks in any order. If you can't do a task, click here to find one of my helpful videos. The tasks will be on this website for a few days and then they will disappear. What are the next 3 numbers in this sequence? 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ?, ?, ? What is the name of the famous Mathmetician who discovered it? |If you're really stuck, watch my YouTube video to answer the question.| Open the document you read yesterday called "The Truth about Trolls." Also open the resource document called "Writing new information about trolls." Follow the instructions and answer the questions. |Answer the questions on paper, in your exercise book or in spare pages of your Literacy Homework Book.| This uses online lessons from The Oak National Academy. To move on or back during a lesson, click these buttons when you see them: Click here when you are ready to start the lesson. This is a Year 5 lesson, but it is suitable for our class. If it asks you to write something down, use your exercise book or blank pages in your Maths Homework Book. Click here to listen to Charlotte Smailes, assisted by one of her rabbits, reading some great poetry. Then, if you wish, open the document at the bottom of this page called "Charlotte reading Poetry" and think about some of the questions. |The following tasks are for challenge only, so please don't worry if you don't have time to do them.| |Challenge Task||Extra Information| If you can solve the problem, email me with the answer. My email address is on the 4RS homepage. Or you could click here to go to the Ask Mr Smailes page and fill in the contact form. Or you could ask your parents to use Class Dojo to contact me. ABD'de seçim gecesi yaklaşırken, zaferi kazanan aday, aynı zamanda dünyanın en güçlü ordusunun başına geçecek. Başkanlık koltuğuna oturacak aday ABD'nin, Rusya ve Çin ile askeri hakimiyet üzerinde artan rekabetiyle yüzleşecek. Aynı zamanda yeni başkanı, askeri politikalar açısından verilecek zor kararlar bekliyor. Peki adaylar Avrupa'yı etkileyecek savunma konularında hangi yaklaşımı benimsiyor? NATO üyeliği Donald Trump Trump, göreve geldiğinden beri, geleneksel müttefikleri ilgilendiren savunma meseleleri söz konusu olduğunda zıt bir yaklaşım benimsedi. Bunun önemli örneği, üyelerin askeri harcamaları artırmaması halinde NATO'dan çekilme tehdidi oldu. Trump göreve gelmeden önce NATO üyelerinin ABD'nin savunma şemsiyesinden faydalandığını söylemişti. Bu nedenle Trump, NATO üyelerinden 2024 yılına kadar GSYİH'larının en az yüzde 2'sini savunmaya harcamalarını istedi. Peki eğer seçilirse Trump ikinci döneminde NATO'dan ayrılır mı? Georgetown Üniversitesi Güvenlik Araştırmaları Merkezi'nden Rebecca Lissner kesin olmamakla birlikte bu olasiğın ciddi olduğunu söyledi. Lissner, Trump'ın NATO'dan ayrılmasını engelleyen faktörler arasında etrafındaki etkili isimlerin önemli bir yeri olduğunu vurgulayarak seçildiği takdirde Trump'ın ikinci döneminde kendi içgüdülerine ve başarısına güvenerek danışmanlarını daha az dinleyeceğini söyledi. Joe Biden Lissner, Biden'ın seçildiği takdirde ABD'nin çeşitli ittifakları kapsamında uzun zamandır sürdürdüğü yük paylaşımıyla ilgili çağrılarını devam ettirebileceğini söyledi. Lissner ''Biden yönetiminden çok farklı bir yaklaşım göreceğimizi düşünüyorum. ABD'nin uluslararası müttefikleri ve ortaklarıyla birlikte hareket ederse daha zayıf değil, daha güçlü olduğuna dair bir inançla başlayalım" dedi. Biden, Foreign Affairs dergisinde yer alan bir yazısında seçildiği takdirde bir demokrasi zirvesi düzenleyeceğinden bahsetmişti. Lissner de Biden'ın Trump'tan daha az özerk bir yaklaşım benimsediğini belirterek Biden'in uzun süredir Amerikan dış politikasının merkezinde yer alan demokratik müttefiklere ve ortaklara öncelik vereceğini söyledi. Avrupa'daki ABD askeri varlığı Donald Trump ABD'nin Almanya'dan yaklaşık 12.000 askeri geri çekeceği ve bunların yarısının Avrupa'nın başka bir yerinde yeniden konuşlandırılacağı açıklaması, Trump'ın selefleriyle tam bir tezat oluşturan bir başka savunma stratejisi hamlesiydi. Lissner, Trump'ın Beyaz Saray'a tekrar seçilmesi durumunda bu nitelikteki kararlar için zeminin çoktan oluştuğunu ifade etti. Lissner, ''Bunun tam olarak ne şekilde olacağını bilmek zor, ancak bunun muhtemel olduğunu düşünüyorum. Örnek olarak Güney Kore'deki ABD askeri varlığı hakkında devam eden müzakereler" dedi. Joe Biden Lissner, "ABD birliklerini Almanya'dan çıkarmanın oldukça maliyetli olduğunu ve bu karar için açık bir gerekçe olmadığını belirtti. Lissner bu nedenle Biden'ın bu stratejiyi tersine çevirmesinin "oldukça muhtemel" olduğunu söyledi. Rusya ile ilişkiler Donald Trump Trump'ın Rusya'ya yaklaşımının, stratejisinin ne olduğunu söyledikleri ve uygulamaları arasındaki farklılıklar nedeniyle tespit etmek zor. ABD Başkanı Trump ile Rusya Devlet Başkanı Putin arasındaki ilişkilerde son dört yılda bir sıcaklık yaşandı. Trump'ın görevde kalması durumunda bu sıcaklığın devam etmesi beklenebilir. Lissner, ABD-Rusya ilişkilerindeki gerilemenin Başkan Trump'tan önce başladığını, Rusya'nın Kırım'ı ilhakını "bir kırılma noktası" olduğunu söyledi. Joe Biden Lissner, Biden'ın Rusya konusunda daha sert bir tavır alacağını düşünüyor. Ancak Biden'ın nihai tepkisinin Kremlin'in 2020 ABD Seçimlerine yönelik tavrına ve müdahalesine bağlı olduğunu söylüyor. Avrupa'daki çatışmalara yönelik tavır Donald Trump Trump, görev süresinin çoğunda ABD'nin geleneksel olarak oynadığı arabuluculuk rolünden farklı bir yol izledi. Ancak son dönemde uluslararası diplomasi arenasında çabalarını artırdı. Trump yönetimi, Dağlık Karabağ bölgesi üzerinde Ermenistan ve Azerbaycan güçleri arasındaki çatışmada diplomatik çaba gösterdi. Avrupa'da ise Balkan ülkeleri Sırbistan ve Kosova arasında arabuluculuk girişiminde bulundu. İsrail ile BAE, Bahreyn ve Sudan arasındaki diplomatik açılımlar için çalıştı. Joe Biden Dağlık Karabağ konusunda Biden, rakibini "pasif" olmakla, Moskova'nın önünü açmakla ve bölgedeki sivilleri korumamakla suçladı. Kaynak: Bu haber, Euronews'ten Türkçeye çevrilmiştir. 21st Century Training Comes to SDSU This spring, the School of Nursing will begin testing a brand-new tool for training nurses. Taking advantage of the increased quality and availability of viritual reality technology, Pearson Education and Microsoft have teamed up to produce a new teaching tool used with Microsoft’s Hololens. SDSU, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Bryn Mawr College are among the first to explore the power of mixed reality learning content, delivered via Microsoft HoloLens, to immerse students in real world experiences. HoloLens embraces virtual reality and augmented reality to create a new reality – mixed reality. With virtual reality, the user is immersed in a simulated world. Augmented reality overlays digital information on top of the real world. Mixed reality merges the virtual and physical worlds to create a new reality whereby the two can coexist and interact. By understanding the user’s environment, mixed reality enables holograms to look and sound like they are part of that world. This means learning content can be developed for HoloLens that provides students with real world experiences, allowing them to build proficiency, develop confidence, explore and learn. Dr. Greiner says that he is very excited about the potential that the Hololens represents. He is very pleased that SDSU was selected to be one of the three beta test sites. He explains that the Hololens system will replace some of the training now done in the Sharp HealthCare Human Simulation Center, and that the simulation center and the Hololens together will result in an entirely new teaching opportunity. He said, “It is a privilege to work with Pearson and Microsoft to develop these educational components for nursing education.” Over the next few months, the faculty and students at the nursing school will collaborate with Pearson and their colleagues at Texas Tech to improve the value and efficacy of the types of simulations in which students participate. They will evaluate the current training scenarios and help design new ones. At the end of the beta test period, SDSU will be able to keep the Hololens system and continue to use this new technology. While the Sharp HealthCare Human Patient Similuation Center has been a wonderful addition to the standard nurse training at SDSU, the complex and expensive equipment has been difficult to keep up-to-date. The Hololens system puts the burden of equipment updates on Microsoft and Pearson, reducing the cost burden on the school. The combination of the virtual reality, the ability to see digital data such as the vital signs monitoring equipment used in hospitals, and the ability to also touch the mannequins used in the simulation center will envelop the students completely in to the training scenario presented. The technology will also allow for videoing the student’s performance so that it can be evluatined by the teacher and the student. To develop the content for this pilot, Pearson will use Microsoft’s holographic video capture capability, filming actors to simulate patients with various health concerns and then transferring that video into holograms for the student nurses to experience in a clinical setting. When student nurses participate in the simulations using HoloLens, they will have a real world experience diagnosing patients, building the confidence and competence that they will need in their careers. آدرس: ساعات کار: .جمعه ها تعطیل است پارچه برزنت یا برزنت دارای چندین مدل مختلف است، آنها از انواع، رنگ ها و سبک های مختلف طراحی و تولید شده اند که ما چند مورد را برای شما لیست کرده ایم تا بیشتر با آنها آشنا شوید و بتوانید مناسب ترین آن را هنگام خرید انتخاب کنید. برزنت یا برزنت سنگین که بعضی اوقات شناخته می شود، سالهاست که وجود دارد. برزنت ورق بزرگی از مواد است که محکم اما انعطاف پذیر است. برزنت نیز ضد آب است که اغلب از پارچه ای مانند بوم تولید می شود.با این وجود برزنت مدرن تر به یک برزنت سنگین اما وزن بسیار سبک و ساخته شده از مواد مدرن مانند پلی استر پوشش داده شده با پلاستیک هایی مانند لاتکس یا PVC ساخته می شود که برزنت را در رنگ های مختلف و زنده ارائه می دهد. پارچه برزنت آبی اقتصادی از پلی اتیلن با چگالی نسبتا کم تولید می شود، در هر دو طرف این نوع برزنت نیز مانند برزنت سبز با پلی اتیلن با چگالی بالا پوشش داده می شود که باعث می شود پارچه برزنت های، مقاوم در برابر پارگی و ۱۰۰٪ ضد آب باشند. یکی از ویژگی های برزنت آبی اقتصادی قابلیت، افزودن حلقه ها تقویت شده است که برای محکم نگه داشتن برزنت در وسیله نقلیه یا بار شما استفاده می شود.یکی از محبوب ترین کاربردها پارچه برزنت آبی اقتصادی، استفاده در صنعت بزرگ حمل و نقل است که برای، پوشاندن بارهای شکل غیرمعمول در وسایل نقلیه مانند کامیون است. برزنت برای پوشاندن هر شکل از اندازه وسیله نقلیه یا بارهای بزرگ و کوچک ایده آل است. پلی اتیلن:پارچه برزنت پلی اتیلن ("پلی تارپ") پارچه ای سنتی نیست، بلکه یک ورقه از مواد بافته شده است. این نوع پارچه از نوارهای پلاستیک پلی اتیلن بافته شده است و ورق هایی از همان ماده به سطح رویی آن متصل شده اند. این ماده پارچه مانند در برابر کشش از همه جهات مقاومت می کند و ضد آب است. ورق ها می توانند از پلی اتیلن با چگالی کم (L
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the photos I wanted from the University Archives. - D.S. Macmillan, Professor John Smith, Aust. Photo-Rev., 63 (12) (1956), 720; Professor John Smith and the Beginnings of Photography in Australia, Proc. Roy. Aust. Chem. Inst., 26 (8) (1959), 343. - R.J.W. Le Fèvre, John Smith, First Professor of Chemistry in Australia, Proc. Roy. Aust. Chem. Inst., 26 (8) (1959), 348. - K. Burke, Early Photographic Processes and the John Smith Collection, Proc. Roy. Aust. Chem. Inst., 26 (8) (1959), 354. - Ever Reaping Something New. A Science Centenary, Eds. D. Branagan and H.G. Holland, University of Sydney (1985). - Professor John Smith, Ed. R. MacLeod, Sydney University Monographs No.3 (1988). Silver sage (salvia argentea) is also known as silver clary or silver clary sage. Silver sage is grown for its striking white leaves. The leaves are wide with scalloped edges and are covered with downy hairs that give them a fuzzy appearance. Do not confuse silver sage with culinary or garden sage (salvia officinalis). Silver sage is not edible. Silver sage plants are not fussy about soil type (clay, loam, sandy) or soil pH. The do require well-drained soil and at least eight hours of full sun a day. Silver sage is hardy in growing zones 5 through 9, although it can be grown as an annual in colder zones. In mid- to late fall cover your silver sage plants with straw or dried leaves at least two to three weeks before your first predicted frost date. Uncover your plants in mid-spring after all threat of frost has passed. Silver sage can withstand light frost but the outer fuzzy leaves will yellow and die if left exposed to heavy frost or snow. You will have to start silver sage from seed if you want it in your garden as it is seldom sold as a potted plant. Sow silver sage seeds in mid- to late spring in well-drained soil. Cover with 1/8 inch (just sprinkle a little soil over the top of the seeds) of soil. Seeds will germinate in 21 to 30 days. Gardeners in colder climates can start silver sage indoors four to six weeks before your last frost date. Sprinkle seeds in a seed-starting flat filled with sterile seed starting soil. Cover with 1/8 inch of soil. Place the flat in a bright location. Keep the seeds moist (not wet) until germination. Continue to keep the soil moist until the first rosette of leaves form. Plant silver sage plants outdoors after all threat of frost has passed. Space plants 12 to 18 inches apart. In its first year, silver sage only produces its fuzzy, white leaves. In its second year of life silver sage will produce flower stalks covered in white, pale pink or yellowish flowers. After the flowers fade and the seed ripens, most silver sage plants die. You can extend the life of your silver sage plant by pruning (cutting off) the flower stalk before the flowers open. Mature plants will form a three foot high by two foot wide clump. The easiest way to propagate your silver sage plants is to allow it to self-sow. Self-sowing is when a plant flowers, then releases ripened seeds. The parent plant will most likely die after self-sowing, however you will have a ton of baby silver sages germinating the following spring. In the second year of its life most silver sage plants produce off-shoots. These are little (exact) replicas of the parent plant. Gently dig up the off-shoot and re-plant. Once established, silver sage is quite drought-tolerant. You should not need to give it any additional water unless you live in an area that receives less than three to five inches of water during the growing season. Silver sage will thrive on 1/2 to one inch of water a week. Over-watering silver sage is a common mistake. Over-watered plants will succumb to root rot and bacterial or fungal diseases. Mix two to three cups of compost or balanced (10-10-10 or 12-12-12) commercial or organic fertilizer into the soil before sowing or planting silver sage seeds or plants. Apply a balanced organic or commercial fertilizer to your two-year-old and older silver sage plants (according to package directions) in mid- to late spring. Remove yellowed, browning or diseased leaves as soon as you notice them. Prune off flower stems by cutting them as close to the base of the plant as possible. Do this before flowers open or just after flowers open. If you wait until the flowers begin to fade and set seed, your silver sage plant might die as it thinks its life cycle is over. Bu yıl MTV Video Müzik Ödülleri’nde toplamda 11 dalda aday gösterilen Taylor Swift, ilk kez tamamının kadın adaylardan oluştuğu, ‘Yılın Sanatçısı’ kategorisi de dahil olmak üzere 9 ödül birden aldı. Ünlü şarkıcı ile ‘Karma’ adlı şarkısında düet yapan Ice Spice ise ‘En İyi Yeni Sanatçı’ ödülüne layık görüldü. by Don Comis Washington DC (SPX) Aug 25, 2011 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) scientists working with the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign found that future levels of ground-level ozone could reduce soybean yields by an average 23 percent. Randy Nelson, geneticist and research leader with the USDA Agricultural Research Service Soybean/Maize Germplasm, Pathology, and Genetics Research Unit in Urbana, Ill., and Lisa Ainsworth, a molecular biologist with the ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit in Urbana, are screening soybean varieties for ozone tolerance and sensitivity in SoyFACE (Soybean Free Air Concentration Enrichment) experiments. They are working with Amy Betzelberger, a graduate research assistant in the Department of Plant Biology at the University of Illinois, and other University of Illinois colleagues. ARS is USDA's principal intramural scientific research agency. SoyFACE involves testing plants in open-air field conditions under atmospheric conditions predicted for the year 2050. At that time, ozone concentrations are expected to be 50 percent higher than today's concentrations. During 2007 and 2008, Nelson, Ainsworth, Betzelberger and their colleagues tested 10 Midwestern soybean varieties that had been released between 1952 and 2003. The varieties were selected from initial tests of 22 cultivars and experimental lines evaluated for four years. The researchers found that exposure to 82 parts per billion (ppb) ozone reduced soybean yields by an average 23 percent across all 10 varieties. They also found significant differences in ozone tolerance among the varieties. This shows the potential for breeding more ozone-tolerant varieties. Since ozone concentrations have been rising for decades, the scientists initially thought that varieties developed more recently would be more ozone-tolerant. But the scientists didn't see any significant improvement in ozone tolerance in soybean varieties released since the 1980s. This research, in support of the USDA priority of responding to climate change, is described in the journal Plant, Cell and Environment. Comment on this article via your Facebook, Yahoo, AOL, Hotmail login. Radical overhaul of farming could be 'game-changer' for global food security Stockholm, Sweden (SPX) Aug 25, 2011 According to the authors of new research released at the World Water Week in Stockholm, a radical transformation in the way farming and natural systems interact could simultaneously boost food production and protect the environment-two goals that often have been at odds. The authors warn, however, that the world must act quickly if the goal is to save the Earth's main breadbasket areas-whe ... read more |The content herein, unless otherwise known to be public domain, are Copyright 1995-2011 - Space Media Network. AFP and UPI Wire Stories are copyright Agence France-Presse and United Press International. ESA Portal Reports are copyright European Space Agency. All NASA sourced material is public domain. Additional copyrights may apply in whole or part to other bona fide parties. Advertising does not imply endorsement,agreement or approval of any opinions, statements or information provided by Space Media Network on any Web page published or hosted by Space Media Network. Privacy Statement| Personal Finance Courses are about managing financial matters to secure a better financial future for you and your family. They could be particularly useful to people, whose financial requirements or priorities have recently changed – having a child, getting close to retirement, becoming self employed, etc. However, the topics don’t derive from the circumstances; rather they are about tackling financial matters before they become an urgency and put you under pressure. This introductory course is designed to provide a personal assessment of existing knowledge (and gaps) in a variety of subject areas. It will also provide guidance on which course topics you should explore further. It looks at risk preference, investment concepts and budgeting, for instance. Piggy banks are not just for kids. This course look at how investing small amounts regularly over a long period of time can add up to funding big things such as your child’s university education. It gives examples of regular savings accounts starting at £10-25 per month. There is a school of thought that says 10% of what you earn you should save, and another 10% you should give away. That leaves you 80% to live on. This course hones in on personal budgeting and using priorities to allocate available income. Life often gets in the way of big dreams. To help you bankroll your dreams, this course looks at identifying clear goals, setting priorities and steps toward achieving them in the context of balancing your financial liabilities and expenses against your financial assets and income. Using real life examples and internet research this course looks at key characteristics of financial assets and delves into financial liabilities as they apply to the business and the business owner. The impact of interest and the time value of money will be a particular focus. You work hard. So should your money! Money sitting in a bank account may be safe, but with interest rates so low, it’s losing it’s value by the day. This course looks at basic investment products and how to invest in them. Starting with a Grocery Shopping game, this short course focuses on assessing options from the mundane to selecting advisors and investments. Whether it’s apples or advice, it’s all a cost to you! Did you know that the government wants you to save and invest in small businesses? Not just that, but there are some pretty good tax incentives to do just that. Why would you not take advantage??? More and more people are supporting green and social causes. You can do that when you invest, as well. There are now savings accounts, green and charity bonds, renewables funds and many more options available. This course looks at the phenomenon and how to find such investments. Chapter 9: Conservation in the USA: legislative milestones Conservation Biology in the USA has a foundation in many federal (and state) laws that protect wildlife and habitats. The gradual shift in focus of legislation from a narrow spectrum of charismatic and valued vertebrates to nearly all creatures and ecosystems reflects the major changes in knowledge and public attitudes that took place over a roughly 150 year period. Thus. the protective legislation inspired by the wanton destruction of wildlife in the 19th century was the first of a long line of legislative efforts that eventually led to modern endangered species legislation (Table 9.1). In this chapter, we discuss major federal actions in the USA that have given us a broad spectrum of protection, arguably on paper the most extensive protection of wildlife of any country in the world. Table 9.1 Major federal legislation and actions protecting ecosystems, habitats, and species 1872 Yellowstone National Park founded 1897 Organic Act (Forest Management Act) 1900 Lacey Act 1903 Pelican Island Wildlife Refuge established 1906 Preservation of American Antiquities Act 1911 Fur Seal Treaty 1913 Weeks-McLean Act 1916 Migratory Bird Treaty Act 1916 National Parks Act 1934 Duck Stamp Act 1937 Pittman-Robertson Act 1950 Dingell-Johnson Act 1955 Clean Air Act 1964 Wilderness Act 1966, 1969 Endangered Species Acts 1969 National Environmental Policy Act 1972 Marine Mammal Protection Act 1972 Clean Water Act 1973 Endangered Species Act 1973 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species As it became apparent in the late 19th century that relentless exploitation was eliminating wildlife and forests, the first attempts to protect them were made. Yellowstone Park was the first major wild area to be protected by the federal government in good part because it was both still in pristine condition and undeniably spectacular, despite its remoteness. Even it had to be protected from exploitation by the US Army. The first forest reserves were set aside, on paper, by the Organic Act of 1897, which led eventually (through additional legislation) to the founding of the National Forest system. The Lacey Act, sponsored by Representative John F. Lacey of Iowa, was passed by Congress in 1900 as a direct response to public outcry over the slaughter of herons and other birds to furnish plumes for ladies hats. The Lacey Act made interstate transportation of illegally killed game animals a federal offense (see Chapter 2). This effectively curbed market hunting, as the market for the plumes was in the Northeastern states while the birds lived in the Southern states. The Lacey Act also sought to limit importation of exotic wildlife, such as the house sparrow and mongoose whose introductions were detrimental to native wildlife. This law was significant as the first to bring the federal government unequivocally into the business of protecting wildlife. Because of its wide scope, the Lacey Act was supported both by sport hunters and by the increasing number of bird protectionists who were organizing across the country. As a direct result of the campaign against plume hunting, President Theodore Roosevelt issued an executive order in 1903 declaring a small nesting area in Florida—Pelican Island—as the first federal bird sanctuary. Roosevelt's order unleashed a flood of nominations of other sites to be protected, and by the end of his first term in 1904, there were 51 wildlife refuges. In 1906, Congress confirmed the President' authority to set aside areas to protect wildlife and also passed the Preservation of National Antiquities Act, which gave the President power to create National Monuments. Today the National Wildlife Refuge System, originated by Roosevelt, includes almost 450 sites, encompassing nearly 90 million acres in 49 states and 5 trust territories. In California alone there are 32 such refuges. One of the most recent refuges to be established is in the Yolo By-pass, next to Davis (Yolo Basin Wildlife Refuge). In the 19th and early 20th century, market hunting (large scale shooting of waterfowl for sale) caused major declines in populations of wild ducks and geese. Sport hunters became alarmed at this and began pressing for conservation measures. Federal protection specifically for waterfowl began in 1913 with the Weeks-McLean Act, which established federal control over migratory birds and ended spring waterfowl hunting. This was an important step in protecting breeding birds. The Act allowed the Secretary of Agriculture to set closed seasons when it would be illegal to capture or kill migratory birds. Passage of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in 1916, signed by the United States and Great Britain, established formal cooperation between the United States and Canada for the protection of both game and nongame birds. In 1937 the Migratory Bird Treaty Act was amended to include Mexico. While this treaty was originally designed to protect waterfowl for sport hunting, a major result was the protection of all other migratory birds. In 1934 the Duck Stamp Act, passed at request of duck hunters, required all waterfowl hunters to purchase an annual federal stamp. The first Duck Stamps were sold at one dollar each, and a total of 635,000 were sold. Duck Stamps today cost ten dollars each and are bought
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sempre venire prima di ogni altra cosa.” E anche al college Bill Russell non mancò di vincere. Due titoli NCAA consecutivi, nel 1955 e nel 1956. Una media complessiva di 20 punti e 20 rimbalzi, una striscia di 55 vittorie consecutive, all’epoca record di sempre a livello collegiale, superato solo molti anni dopo dalla UCLA di Bill Walton. Nella sua ultima gara con la maglia dei Dons, in finale contro Iowa, firmò una prestazione da 26 punti, 27 rimbalzi, 20 stoppate, 3 recuperi. Un dominio imbarazzante. Al termine della sua esperienza universitaria, Abe Saperstein, ricchissimo e pallido proprietario degli Harlem Globetrotters, si recò appositamente a San Francisco per tentare di mettere sotto contratto l’ormai ambito centro. Ma l’ignaro Saperstein commise un grossolano errore. Si rifiutò di parlare con Russell, andando direttamente a interloquire da pari a pari con coach Woolpert. Cosa ancora peggiore, lasciò che il suo vice intrattenesse nell’attesa il giocatore con battute e discorsi di poco conto, come si conveniva con un “bravo ragazzo di colore” mentre i capaci uomini bianchi discutevano del suo futuro. Al termine del colloquio il giovane ma orgoglioso Bill era livido di rabbia. A dispetto dei soldi che gli offrivano, non prese neanche in considerazione l’offerta dei Globetrotters e non esitò a spiegare pubblicamente che se Saperstein si riteneva troppo intelligente per parlare direttamente con lui, allora lui era troppo intelligente per giocare per Saperstein. Quello stesso giorno e senza ulteriori ripensamenti, il giocatore si rese eleggibile per il draft NBA del 1956. In un periodo in cui le attitudini difensive venivano giudicate secondarie e si preferiva premiare gli exploit offensivi, il GM e coach dei Boston Celtics, Red Auerbach, decise comunque di puntare tutto su Russell. Consapevole che i Rochester Royals non avevano la disponibilità economica per metterlo sotto contratto, orchestrò una trade con i St. Louis Hawks per assicurarsi i servigi del tanto agognato giocatore. Così, il 30 aprile del 1956 con la prima chiamata assoluta i Royals scelsero Sihugo Green, una guardia divenuta in seguito piuttosto famosa appunto perché selezionata prima di Bill Russell, mentre con il pick numero due gli Hawks fecero il nome dell’ex centro di USF. Come da accordi, lo girarono ai Celtics in cambio di Ed Macauley e Cliff Hagan. Russell firmò con Boston un contratto da 19.500 dollari, il più ricco di sempre per una matricola. Questo gli procurò qualche problema con la selezione statunitense che si apprestava a disputare le Olimpiadi di Melbourne. Bill non poteva infatti più essere considerato un dilettante e in teoria non avrebbe potuto partecipare ai Giochi Olimpici. Il giocatore tenne duro, si disse persino disposto a saltare la sua prima annata in maglia Celtics pur di far parte della spedizione in terra australiana. Alla fine ebbe la meglio. Con Russell capitano, gli Stati Uniti dominarono il torneo, vinsero otto partite su otto, rifilarono uno scarto medio agli avversari di 53.5 punti a partita, incluso un match con la Thailandia terminato sul 101 a 29. Bill segnò 14.1 punti a partita e fu persino miglior realizzatore della propria squadra. I Giochi Olimpici si conclusero l’8 dicembre e solo allora Russell poté tornare in patria e unirsi ai Celtics. Il centro titolare della squadra bianco-verde era Arnie Risen, vecchia gloria dei tempi eroici. Risen fu determinante per la crescita del giovane rookie: “Mi insegnò tutto. Come giocare, come comportarmi. Io imparavo. Ero una spugna, assimilavo tutto. E ogni volta che mi prendeva da parte per spiegarmi qualcosa, si rendeva conto che si stava avvicinando il momento in cui non avrebbe più giocato. Non lo dimenticherò mai.” Nella sua prima stagione da professionista Russell ebbe qualche problema in attacco, dove ancora non aveva sviluppato movimenti idonei per il nuovo livello di gioco, ma rimediò ampiamente nella propria metà campo. E lo fece così bene che Auerbach non impiegò molto a decidere di stravolgere completamente gli schemi della squadra in modo da sfruttare al meglio le qualità del proprio centro. Fino alla stagione precedente i Celtics erano stati un’inarrestabile macchina da canestri, trascinati da realizzatori puri come Bob Cousy e Bill Sharman, pagando però fortemente a rimbalzo e in difesa. Di lì a breve sarebbe cambiato tutto. Con l’innesto di Russell, la difesa dei Celtics divenne rocciosa, aggressiva, quasi avvilente per gli avversari. Fu ben presto celebre negli ambienti con l’ironico nome di “Difesa Hey, Bill”. Erano infatti queste le parole che urlavano i giocatori di Boston ogni qualvolta avevano bisogno di un raddoppio difensivo. Russell era rapidissimo a correre in aiuto dei compagni per poi tornare indietro sul proprio uomo, esprimendo soprattutto nei primi anni di carriera una velocità, un’elasticità, scelte di tempo e capacità di anticipo che restano ancora oggi inarrivabili e non sono mai più state viste tutte insieme in un unico giocatore. Boston chiuse la stagione con 44 vittorie, all’epoca il secondo miglior record nella storia della franchigia. Russell terminò con 14.7 punti e 19.6 rimbalzi in 48 partite. Non vinse il premio di rookie dell’anno, preceduto dal suo compagno di squadra Tom Heinsohn, lo stesso che Bill aveva affrontato e annullato ai tempi del college. Inizialmente il giovane centro addebitò la decisione della lega al fatto che Heinsohn fosse bianco, più probabilmente però il mancato premio era dovuto alla stagione ridotta che Bill aveva disputato per via delle Olimpiadi. A ogni modo in post-season fu lui a guidare la squadra alla vittoria finale. Al suo esordio nei playoff contro i Syracuse Nationals del grande Dolph Schayes, mise insieme 16 punti, 31 rimbalzi, 7 stoppate. Trascinati da Russell, i Celtics approdarono alla prima finale NBA della loro storia. Avversari, i più esperti St. Louis Hawks di Bob Pettit, all’epoca ritenuto il miglior giocatore del circuito. Fu una serie estremamente tesa. In gara tre, Auerbach arrivò a colpire con un pugno il suo collega Ben Kerner e ricevette una multa di 300 dollari dalla lega. La sfida si protrasse fino a una drammatica e infinita gara 7. Pettit mise 39 punti, dall’altra parte Heinsohn scrisse 37, ma fu Russell a compiere la giocata decisiva, quella che passerà alla storia come “Coleman Play” e sarà ricordata come una delle migliori azioni difensive di tutti i tempi. A 40 secondi dalla sirena, con i Celtics avanti di uno, gli Hawks recuperarono palla nella propria area e diedero il via a un veloce contropiede. La guardia Jack Coleman venne quindi lanciata a canestro da un assist da metà campo. Nel momento in cui era iniziata l’azione, Russell si trovava sotto il canestro avversario. Nel momento in cui era partito l’ultimo passaggio, stava già percorrendo tutto il campo a larghe falcate. Coleman ricevette palla e si alzò per un facile layup. Russell arrivò come un fulmine alle sue spalle a stoppare il tiro della vittoria per gli Hawks, quello che avrebbe consegnato loro l’anello. “Blocked by Russell! Blocked by Russell! He came from nowhere!” urlò il solito Johnny Most, lo storico radiocronista dei Celtics. Molto tempo dopo Cousy definì quell’azione: “The most incredible physical act I’ve ever seen on a basketball floor.” Boston alla fine si impose dopo due tempi supplementari per 125 a 123. Era il primo titolo per la squadra del Massachusetts, il primo di una lunghissima serie. La stagione successiva, la prima completa per Russell, i Celtics perfezionarono ulteriormente il proprio gioco fatto di veloci e letali contropiedi. L’azione tipica della squadra prevedeva un rimbalzo difensivo o una stoppata di Russell, palla nelle mani dell’esperto playmaker Cousy che faceva partire l’azione. A quel punto le soluzioni per i bianco-verdi erano pressoché infinite. Cousy e Sharman erano abilissimi nel concludere in prima persona. Heinsohn era un realizzatore puro e lo stesso Russell era estremamente veloce nell’attraversare il campo con la sua solita ampia ed elegantissima falcata e farsi trovare pronto per una conclusione ravvicinata. Fu proprio in quegli anni che venne a crearsi il primo vero grande asse play-centro nella storia della lega. Cousy e Russell rappresentano tuttora una delle combo più forti mai viste su un campo da basket. I due, sebbene molto diversi, troveranno il modo di instaurare una profonda intesa anche fuori dal campo. Parleranno sempre molto poco, ma la loro sarà un’amicizia che avrà bisogno di pochissimi convenevoli e che ancora oggi, a distanza di sessantuno anni dal primo incontro, appare solida e per certi versi confortante. Frattanto Russell chiuse la sua seconda annata nella lega con 16.6 punti a partita e 22.7 rimbalzi. Quella fu la prima di dieci stagioni consecutive in cui il giocatore non sarebbe mai sceso sotto la soglia delle venti carambole di media. Conquistò il suo primo premio di MVP di Regular Season e condusse i Celtics nuovamente alle finali NBA, ancora contro i St. Louis Hawks. Ma questa volta le cose andarono diversamente. In gara 3, sul risultato di uno a uno, Bill si infortunò a un piede e fu costretto ad abbandonare la partita. Saltò i successivi due match e gli Hawks ne approfittarono per portarsi sul 3 a 2 nella serie. Il centro dei Celtics tornò in campo per gara 6, ma dopo poco dovette abdicare definitivamente non riuscendo più neanche a poggiare il piede per terra. Bob Pettit salì in cattedra, realizzò 50 punti e trascinò i suoi sul tetto del mondo. Secondo molti addetti ai lavori, senza l’infortunio di Russell, Boston non avrebbe mai perso quel titolo, eppure Auerbach rifiutò di accampare scuse e fu il primo a rendere omaggio all’eccezionale prestazione degli avversari. Da quel giorno, però, e per i successivi otto anni nessun’altra squadra che non fossero i Boston Celtics sarebbe più riuscita a vincere il titolo. Da lì in avanti sarebbe stata una lunghissima sinfonia bianco-verde cui nessuno, nemmeno giocatori eccezionali come Chamberlain, Robertson, West e Baylor, sarebbero riusciti a porre un freno. La stagione seguente Boston vinse 52 partite. Ci fu la prima finale della storia contro i Lakers. I giallo-viola, ancora di stanza a Minneapolis, erano guidati da una fenomenale guardia-ala, il rookie Elgin Baylor, da molti già definito il miglior giocatore del pianeta. Stuzzicato dal confronto a distanza, Russell elevò vertiginosamente il livello del suo gioco, ossia il proprio livello difensivo. Boston si impose per quattro a partite a zero in una serie che non ebbe mai storia e in cui Bill non raggiunse neanche i 10 punti a partita, ma raccolse oltre 29 rimbalzi di media, tuttora record di sempre per una serie finale. Al termine di gara 4, l’allenatore dei Lakers, John Kundla, lo stesso che aveva portato Mikan sul tetto del mondo, si spinse fino a dichiarare: “Non abbiamo perso contro i Celtics, abbiamo perso contro Russell. Ci ha battuto psicologicamente, ha frustrato ogni nostro tentativo.” Neanche il tempo di archiviare quel nuovo successo e arrivò la stagione che avrebbe trasportato l’intera NBA nei meravigliosi anni ’60 e con essa fece il suo ingresso nella lega, vestendo la maglia dei Philadelphia Warriors, colui che sarà il più grande avversario di Bill Russell. Il suo più grande amico. Il suo nome era Wilt Chamberlain, 216 centimetri per 125 chili di puro talento cestistico e atletico. Wilt era un realizzatore straordinario, la più grande macchina da canestri nella storia del basket. Un colosso di fronte al quale tutti gli avversari affrontati fino a quel momento erano stati spazzati via. Dire che ci fosse curiosità fra appassionati e addetti ai lavori sul confronto fra il magnifico realizzatore Chamberlain e il superbo difensore Russell, è finanche riduttivo, eppure nessuno poteva immaginare che stava nascendo la più grande rivalità nella storia della NBA. Una rivalità decennale che non si è affatto conclusa con il ritiro di Russell nel 1969 e neanche con la morte di Chamberlain nel 1999, ma ha continuato e continua tuttora a vivere nel cuore e nella mente degli appassionati. La prima volta che Bill e Wilt incrociarono i guantoni fu il 7 Novembre del 1959. “The Big Collision”, “Battle of the Titans” si divertirono a scrivere i giornali. Poi fu palla a due. Chamberlain vinse il confronto diretto, 30 punti contro i 22 dell’avversario, ma Boston vinse la partita per 115 a 106. Andrà quasi sempre così. Wilt metterà numeri incredibili, spesso anche contro Russell, vincerà i duelli personali sul piano numerico. Bill invece vincerà le partite. Si può discutere ancora a lungo, ed effettivamente lo si è fatto, su chi sia da ritenere più grande fra i due e si può tranquillamente farlo senza mai venirne a capo. Chamberlain ovviamente ha sempre tirato acqua al proprio mulino. “La sua carriera è stata facilitata” disse una volta di Russell. “Non si è mai dovuto preoccupare di segnare molti punti, perché c’era chi lo faceva per lui. Mi sarebbe piaciuto giocare a Boston e avrei voluto vedere Bill giocare in una squadra che oltre ai suoi rimbalzi aveva disperatamente bisogno dei suoi punti. Forse le cose sarebbe andate diversamente per me e per lui.” Ma sebbene ci sia più di un fondo di verità in queste parole, sarebbe ingiusto imputare l’enorme differenza di titoli fra i due solo alle diverse capacità dei rispettivi compagni di squadra. Perché arriverà il giorno in cui sarà Wilt ad avere la squadra più forte, come ad esempio nel 1969, ma sarà comunque Bill a portare a casa vittoria e titolo. Chamberlain è stato grande, grandissimo, immenso. Sicuramente un giocatore migliore di Russell sotto molti aspetti. Ma Wilt giocava per Wilt, Bill giocava per vincere. Aveva dentro di sé qualcosa che il suo eterno rivale non ha mai lontanamente posseduto: l’innata capacità di sacrificarsi per
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مامونیان بود. بیرونی دیگر نمیتوانست در موطن اصلی خود کاث بماند. پشتیبان دوران کودکی او یعنی خوارزمشاهیان آفریغی نیز سرنگون شده بودند. بیرونی تا سن شانزده سالگی کتاب «جغرافیا» اثر جیهانی وزیر امیران سامانی را فرا گرفت و به تنهایی شروع به اندازه گیری طول و عرض جغرافیایی شهر کاث با استفاده از محاسبه حداکثر ارتفاع خورشید نمود. او بعد ها همین سنجش را در مورد شهر های دیگر مانند ری و دهلی نیز انجام داد. بیرونی همچنین مُدلی از کره زمین را با مشخصات طبیعی روی آن ساخت که مدت کوتاهی بعد در جریان جنگ داخلی خوارزمیان و انتقال قدرت به مرکز جدید خوارزم یعنی گورگنج تخریب گردید. ابن سینا در سن شانزده سالگی شروع به طبابت نمود و از طبیبان دیگری که در بخارا و سمرقند بودند، پیشی گرفت. او دو سال بعد یعنی در سن هجده سالگی از طرف نزدیکان امیر برای معالجه یک بیماری وخیم نوح بن منصور به «درگاه» یعنی دربار سامانی دعوت شد و بیماری امیر سامانی را با موفقیت معالجه نمود. در مقابل، نوح بن منصور اجازه داد که ابن سینا در کتابخانه وسیع و مشهور دربار سامانی به تحقیقات و تالیفات خود ادامه دهد. بیرونی پس از سرنگونی دولت آفریغیان کاث که حامی او بودند، به دربار سامانیان در بخارا رفت. این همزمان با کار ابن سینا در دربار سامانی بود. اما اقامت بیرونی و ابن سینا در بخارا و حمایت سامانیان از آن دو فرصتی کوتاه مدت و گذرا بود، زیرا به زودی دولت سامانی بخارا نیز سرنگون شد و ترکان قراخانی جای آنان را گرفتند. در سال های پایانی سامانیان یعنی بین 995 تا 999 م. این دو دانشمند برجسته، هنوز در سنین جوانی خود به سر می بردند. پس از فروپاشی کامل سامانیان و جایگزین شدن قراخانیان بجای آنان، بیرونی و ابن سینا بخارا را ترک کرده، بیرونی به گرگان در خراسان و ابن سینا به گورگنج در خوارزم و از آنجا هم هر کدام به راهی دیگر رفتند. این هم بی شباهت به مهاجرت های سیاسی دنیای کنونی نبود. در زمان اولین دربدری های این دو دانشمند، بیرونی 25 ساله و ابن سینا 19 ساله بود. با اغتشاشات سیاسی و اجتماعی یاد شده، سرگردانی دانشمندان نیز شروع شده بود. ولی این هنوز آغاز تلاطمات روزگار بود. با وجود جوانی و همه مشکلات دربدری به لحاظ تحولات و بحران های سیاسی و نظامی، این دو جوان در مدتی نه چندان طولانی در زمره آن دسته از دانشمندان نابغه قرار گرفته بودند که با آثار خود شهرت بزرگ و پایداری در سرزمین های اسلامی و سپس در سطح جهانی یافتند. کتاب های آنان از قرن دوازدهم میلادی به بعد در اروپا به لاتین و سپس زبان های دیگر ترجمه و تدریس شد. بیرونی پس از متلاشی شدن دودمان سامانیان ادامه کار و زندگی در بخارای قراخانیان را صلاح ندانسته، به دربار قابوس بن وُشمگیر دیلمی از آل زیار در گرگان رفت و در همان جا، در سن 27 سالگی (حدود سال 1000 م.) اولین اثر بزرگ خود به نام «آثار الباقیه عن القرون الخالیه» یعنی «آثار باقیمانده از سده های گذشته» را نوشت که پژوهش تطبیقی بی مانندی در باره تمدن ها، فرهنگ ها، تقویم ها، تاریخ، سنن و مذاهب ملل گوناگون باستانی است. این اثر که دو قرن بعد تحت عنوان «گاهشمار آثار ملل کهن» یا «کرونولوژی» به زبان لاتین و دیگر زبان های اروپایی ترجمه و منتشر شد، هنوز هم مورد مراجعه دانشمندان تاریخ و مردم شناسی است. آنگونه که خود بیرونی در «آثار الباقیه» نوشته، او تا آن سال دستکم هفت کتاب دیگر تالیف نموده بود که متاسفانه نسخه هیچ کدام از آنها باقی نمانده است، در حالی که امروزه 12 نسخه اصلی از «آثار الباقیه» در موزه ها و کتابخانه های معتبر دنیا موجود است. پس از گرگان، بیرونی به گورگنج در خوارزم رفت. خوارزمشاهیان ایرانی جدید یعنی مامونیان گورگنج تصمیم گرفته بودند که مانند خلیفه مامون عباسی دانشمندان و ادیبان اطراف و اکناف و حتی نقاط دوردست را به خوارزم جذب کرده آنان را تحت حمایت فعال خود قرار دهند. از این جهت آنها نخبگان علمی را به خوارزم دعوت می کردند. ظاهرا در این مرحله، بیرونی نیز آماده آشتی با حاکمان جدید خوارزم شده بود. او حدود هفت سال در دربار مامونیان به کار پرداخت. روایت است که سلطان محمود که از غزنه در افغانستان قدرت سیل آسای خود را به سراسر خراسان گسترش میداد، قبل از تصرف گورگنج در رابطه با جمع آمدن اکثر سرآمدان علم و ادب خراسان و ماوراءالنهر در این شهر نسبت به خوارزمشاه مامونی حسادت ورزیده، با لحنی تهدید آمیز به او نوشت که بهترین دانشمندان دربار خود را به دربار غزنوی در غزنه در افغانستان بفرستد. بدین ترتیب بیرونی همراه با چند دانشمند دیگر به غزنه رفت و بیشتر عمر خود را به عنوان منجم و ستاره شناس سلاطین غزنوی گذرانید. سلطان محمود ظاهرا دانشمندان و شعرا را بیشتر برای کسب وجهه برای دربار خود جذب می نمود. در دوران سلطنت محمود، بیرونی همراه با سلطان غزنوی به هندوستان رفت، اما بیشتر وقت در حالیکه لشکریان سلطان مشغول غارت و اسیر گرفتن مردم در هند بودند، بیرونی عادات و زندگی مردم، زبان هندی و ادیان این سرزمین را بررسی می کرد. نتیجه این سفر و بررسی ها کتاب «تحقیق ماللهند» است که هنوزمنبع مهمی برای بررسی تاریخ مردم و فرهنگ هندِ هزار سال پیش شمرده می شود. او سپس کتابی به نام «التفهیم» درباره ریاضیات و نجوم تالیف نمود که اصل آن به هر دو زبان عربی و فارسی موجود است، اما معلوم نیست که ابتدا کدام یک از آنها را نوشته یا ترجمه کرده است. به هر تقدیر «التفهیم» مانند «دانشنامه علایی» ابن سینا و «دانشنامه پزشکی» حکیم میسری که هم دوره آنها بود، از نخستین کتاب های علمی به زبان فارسی معاصر شمرده می شود.[1] بیرونی در دوره سلطنت فرزند محمود یعنی مسعود غزنوی نیز آثار مهمی از جمله کتابی با عنوان «قانون المسعودی» با مضمون نجوم و علوم نوشت. اصولا بیرونی مانند ابن سینا جزو آن دسته از حکیمان و فیلسوفان معروف این دوره از تاریخ شناخته می شود که تقریبا در همه رشته های علمی و فلسفی کتاب و رساله نوشته، کشفیات جدیدی کرده و حتی دستگاه های جدیدی اختراع نموده و از آن طریق نیز به تکامل این علوم کمک ارزنده ای کردهاند. بیرونی بیش از صد کتاب و رساله و ده اثر ناتمام نوشت، اما تنها 22 اثر از آنها تا امروز باقی مانده است. تقریبا نیمی از آثار بیرونی درباره ریاضیات و نجوم و بقیه در مورد حوزه های گوناگونی نظیر طب، دارو شناسی، تاریخ، لغت شناسی و مردم شناسی است. احتمالا آخرین کتاب بیرونی عبارت از «الصیدنه فی الطب» است که حدود 170 صفحه حجم دارد و شرح مفصل و دقیقی است از حدود یک هزار دارو با منشاء گیاهی، حیوانی ومعدنی، همراه با نام آنها در زبان های اقوام مختلف خاورزمین. خوشبختانه این اثر کاملا از بین نرفته و از اصل عربی آن در تمام دنیا یک نسخه موجود است که در کتابخانه «جامع بورسا» در ترکیه نگهداری می شود. اصل عربی این کتاب و حتی ترجمه های قدیمی آن به فارسی از نظر کیفیت کاغذ و امکان قرائت دقیق تمام متن در وضع چندان مناسبی نیستند. بیرونی در عین حال چندین اثر را از سانسکریت و فارسی به عربی ترجمه کرده، اما به قول خود ترجیح داده است که به جای زبان مادری خود یعنی ایرانی خوارزمی و یا فارسی معاصر، همچنان که در آن دوره رایج بود، آثار خود را به عربی بنویسد.[2] برخلاف بیرونی که در اثر فشار محمود غزنوی از دربار خوارزمشاه مامونی به دربار سلطان محمود در غزنه رفت، ابن سینا و همکار پزشک و دانشمند او ابوسهل عیسی مسیحی احتمالا با ترس از حمله قریب الوقوع سلطان محمود، مخفیانه از گورگنج به گرگان گریختند. دوست او ابوسهل در اثر طوفانی در شن زار میان گورگنج و گرگان درگذشت. ابن سینا پس از عبور و توقف در پنج شهر و روستا به گرگان رسید که امیر آن ولایت قابوس وُشمگیر را می شناخت. اما قابوس پیش از رسیدن ابن سینا زندانی شده و در زندان در گذشته بود و ابن سینا ناچار شد باز از شهری به شهر دیگر عزیمت نماید.[3] شهرها و ولایاتی که ابن سینا در این مرحله جدید «آوارگی شهرها» در آنها اقامت نمود، عبارت بودند از ری، قزوین، همدان و اصفهان. در هر کدام از این شهر ها «شیخ الرئیس» به طبابت می پرداخت، کار دیوانی مانند وزارت و دبیری می کرد، اما بیشتر از هر کار دیگر می خواند و می نوشت. احتمالا آرام ترین دوره ای که ابن سینا توانسته است با فراغت خاطر به زندگی و فعالیت علمی خود بپردازد، زمانی بوده که از دربار آل بویه در همدان به دربار علاءالدوله کاکویه در اصفهان رفت و تا آخر عمر خود یعنی چهارده سال دیگر در آنجا به سر برد، تا اینکه هنگام سفری دیگر به همدان در آنجا درگذشت. تالیف آثاری مانند «شفا» به عربی و «دانشنامه علایی» به فارسی که به علاءالدوله تقدیم شده است نیز در همین دوره بوده است. گفته می شود مجموع آثار ابن سینا بیش از 400 جلد بوده است که از آنها 240 کتاب و رساله به عربی و برخی به فارسی موجود است و بقیه از بین رفتهاند. مشهورترین اثر ابن سینا در علوم، کتاب «قانون فی الطب» نام دارد که یکی از معروف ترین آثار در تاریخ پزشکی جهان و اساسا حاوی اطلاعات عملی و درمانی درباره بیماری های گوناگون، تغذیه، محیط زیست، اصول معالجه و داروهای لازم است. این کتاب یک و نیم قرن پس از تالیف آن در ایتالیا به لاتین ترجمه شد و برای چندین قرن در کنار آثار خوارزمی، فارابی، زکریا رازی و بیرونی از آثار اصلی مرجع در تحصیلات عالی در اروپا بود، تا اینکه در قرن هفدهم اصول پزشکی مدرن در اروپا پایه ریزی شد. در کشورهای شرق مسلمان کتاب «القانون» حتی تا اوایل دوران معاصر یعنی تقریبا 150-200 سال پیش تدریس میشد. اما اندیشه ها و آثار فلسفی ابن سینا نیز که بخشی از آن در کتاب «شفا» به قلم آورده شده است، به همان درجه شاخص و مهم هستند. اصولا مورخین و دانشمندان معاصر بر آنند که مکتب فلسفی ابن سینا که تکامل اندیشه های الکِندی و فارابی شمرده می شود، دستکم به اندازه مکتب علمی و از جمله پزشکی او دارای اهمیتی بزرگ و تاثیری پایدار بوده است. فلسفه ابن سینا کوششی برای یافتن مبانی قابل قبولی برای آشتی دادن علم و عقل با وحی و ایمان است. این جهان بینی فلسفی ابن سینا نقش مهمی در شکل گیری تعالیم و فلسفه مذهبی قرون وسطای اروپایی و به ویژه اندیشه های فیلسوف متصوف و کاتولیک ایتالیایی قرن سیزدهم میلادی توماس آکویناس داشته است که باورهای مسیحی را با اصول منطق گرایانه ارسطو تلفیق کرد. طرز فکر آکویناس تا اواسط قرن بیستم عملا طرز فکر فلسفی کلیسای واتیکان محسوب می شد. لیکن در شرق مسلمان مدت زیادی طول نکشید تا اندیشه همزیستی دین و دانش به عقب نشینی و سازشکاری خِرَدگرایان و دانشمندان در مقابل فقها و اندیشمندان طرفدار ایمان بی چون و چرا منجر گردد. آیا این تنها عامل عقب ماندگی شرق مسلمان از قافله دانش و تکنولوژی معاصربود؟ بعید به نظر می رسد که فقط یک عامل، آن هم عاملی ذهنی، ریشه اصلی عقب ماندگی یک جامعه در طول چندین قرن شود، اگرچه این هم بدون تردید عاملی موثر در تنزل دانش پژوهی در جوامع مسلمان بوده است. در سه قرن نخست اسلام، صدها فقیه، مفسر قرآن و جمع آوری کننده احادیث از مرو، بلخ، بخارا و سمرقند برخاسته بودند. برخی از آنان از اعراب مهاجر بودند، اما صد ها تن از ایرانی تباران بومی نیز در میان این فقیهان وجود داشت. معروف ترین آنان بی شک فقیه و متکلم بزرگ، ابوحنیفه معروف به «امام اعظم» است که تقریبا هشتاد سال پس از هجرت به دنیا آمد و گفته می شود که اصالتا از کابل بوده و به عنوان غلام به اعراب کوفه فروخته شده بود. ابوحنیفه بنیانگذار مذهب حنفی در تسنن است. وی به «رای» یعنی قضاوت شخصی اهمیت بسیاری میداد و به همین جهت تا حد معینی «منطق گرا» و «معتدل» شمرده می شد. اما به نظر میرسد منطق گرایی ابوحنیفه تنها در چارچوب قرآن و احادیث پیامبر اسلام بود. از ابوحنیفه روایت است که گفته است: «برای استنباط احکام، نخست به کتاب خدای تعالی مراجعه میکنم، اگر نتوانستم از کتاب خدا و سنت پیامبر(ص) حکمی استنباط کنم، از گفتههای صحابه بهره گرفته و بقیه را رها مینمایم و به قول دیگری عمل نمیکنم».[4] یکصد سال بعد از ابوحنیفه، امام محمد بخاری و پس از او ابومنصور ماتریدی سمرقندی، دو تن دیگر از معروف ترین دانشمندان و فقیهان اسلامی ماوراءالنهر به شمار می رفتند که در دنیای اسلام تاثیری عمیق به جا گذاشتند. بخاری و ماتریدی از خانواده های قدیمی و زرتشتی بخارا و سمرقند بودند. بخاری به عنوان «محدث» یعنی «حدیث شناس» در جمع آوری احادیث و ماتریدی به عنوان فقیه در پافشاری بر «سنت نبی» و مخالفت با مکتب های «خرد گرا» مانند معتزله و یا دانشمندان دنیوی (سکولار) شهرت و محبوبیت به دست آوردند. آنها به عنوان فقیه و متکلم، ضمن مخالفت شدید با جریان های خارج از سنت مانند معتزله و یا اسماعیلیه، بر آن بودند که باید به جای علم و فلسفه دنیوی تنها و «بدون شک و سوال» به متن قرآن و احادیث تکیه کرد.[5] در منابع احکام اسلامی سخنی که از پیامبر اسلام و همچنین امامان (در مذهب شیعه) نقل شود، «حدیث» نامیده می شود. تعداد قابل توجهی از مسلمانان در زندگی اجتماعی و حتی شخصی، خود را موظف به رعایت این سخنان و یا طرز رفتار می شمارند. اما از آنجایی که این احادیث مدت ها پس از بعثت پیغمبر و زندگی امامان جمع آوری شدهاند، در درستی و یا لزوم پیروی از آنان در زندگی کنونی اختلاف نظر وجود دارد. امام ابوحنیفه بعد از متن صریح قرآن، تنها به درستی شمار معینی از احادیث نبوی باور داشت، در حالیکه پیرو او، امام بخاری در مدت
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Samuel contain extra information about David. We do not know why the writer did not include this in the main account in chapters 1-20. The events in chapters 21-24 are not in the order in which they happened. In *Old Testament days, the recorder (verses 24-25) kept accurate records of events. But the *Old Testament is more than just a history book. It is also about God and how he dealt with his people. When the *Israelites obeyed the *Lord, he *blessed them. When they did not obey the *Lord, he did not *bless them (Leviticus 26). Sometimes the crops failed for one year. But after three years, David knew that something was wrong. The *Lord probably spoke to David by a *prophet or a priest. This was the *Lord’s punishment. Joshua chapter 9 records the story about the *Gibeonites. Joshua promised that they could live safely in *Israel. But King Saul had not *kept that promise. The Bible does not record what Saul had done. But the *Lord knew about Saul’s cruel actions. The people called Amorites lived in Canaan (Joshua 12:1-3). This was the name of the country of *Israel before the *Israelites arrived. Gibeon was near Saul’s city, called Gibeah. Leviticus 24:17-22 says that a murderer should die. In those days, people thought that a person’s family was responsible for the *sin of that person. (Compare this with Numbers 14:18 and Jeremiah 31:29-30.) If the family did not punish the guilty person, someone could punish the family. This still happens in some societies today. The *Gibeonites could not punish Saul because he was dead. They did not want Saul’s family to pay them money. And the *Gibeonites did not want to kill anyone in *Israel except Saul’s family. But the *Gibeonites wanted to kill 7 of Saul’s sons or grandsons. This meant that they wanted to punish Saul’s family completely. (For the *Israelites, the number 7 meant that something was complete. For example, 7 days make one complete week.) David agreed with the punishment that the *Gibeonites asked for. The *Lord used this situation to protect David from Saul’s family. David did not want to attack Saul’s family. So the *Lord arranged for the *Gibeonites to carry out this punishment. Otherwise, Saul’s family would oppose David. And they might try to plot a revolution. David had promised to be kind to Saul’s son Jonathan and his family (1 Samuel 20:12-17). Mephibosheth was Jonathan’s only son. David *kept his promise (chapter 9). Rizpah was Saul’s *concubine (3:7). Their son Mephibosheth (verse 8) was the uncle of Jonathan’s son who had the same name. Merab had married Adriel instead of David in 1 Samuel 18:19. Adriel’s father Barzillai was not the same man who helped David in 19:31-39. The *Gibeonites put the men’s bodies on a hill. This showed the *Lord and the *Israelites that the punishment was complete. So the *Lord could *bless the *Israelites again. The crops had failed because there had been no rain. The *Israelites had no crops to harvest. So, verse 9 refers to the time in the year when this event usually happened. This was during the month of April. Rizpah was very sad. She protected her son’s bodies until it rained. The rain showed that the *Lord was *blessing the land again. Some *Israelites thought that David hated King Saul’s family. Shimei accused David of this in 16:5-8. But this story shows that the *Gibeonites, not David, killed Saul’s sons and grandsons. David always gave honour to Saul and his family. But perhaps David felt guilty that he had not given enough honour to Saul and Jonathan’s bodies. Verse 12 refers to the account in 1 Samuel 31:8-13. So, David took the bones of Saul, Jonathan and the 7 members of his family. David buried them properly in the grave of Saul’s father. The *Israelites had done everything that was fair and right. So, God sent the rain. The most important lesson to learn from this story is that the *Lord cares about our promises. The *Lord always *keeps his promises. He is not happy when we, or our nation, do not *keep our promises. So if we have many troubles we should always ask the *Lord about them. (Verses 15-22 See also 1 Chronicles 20:4-8.) These verses are like a brief official list. It refers to 4 *Philistine battles. The family of Rapha were giant men. They were famous because they were so big and strong. But 4 brave *Israelite men killed 4 of the giant *Philistine men. The battle in verses 15-17 was David’s last battle as the leader of the army. Verse 15 suggests that he was older and weaker by this time. Ishbi-Benob’s *spear was only half the size of Goliath’s *spear (1 Samuel 17:7). But David nearly died in the battle and this worried David’s army. They called David the light (or lamp) of *Israel (verse 17). To ‘put out the light’ meant to kill him. David was the most important person in *Israel. He was the king that the *Lord had chosen. The nation depended on him. So, the men wanted to protect David. In verse 19, Goliath may be a family name. But 1 Chronicles 20:5 says that Elhanan killed Lahmi, the brother of Goliath. Some Bible teachers think that verse 19 may refer to David and Goliath (1 Samuel chapter 17). David’s brother Shimeah is called Shammah in 1 Samuel 16:9. King David was a musician (1 Samuel 16:17-23). He also wrote many poems. David wrote at least 73 of the psalms (poems) in the book of Psalms in the *Old Testament. Psalm 18 is the same as the poem in this chapter, although some of the words are slightly different. The psalms were the *Israelites’ official songs. So, they may have changed David’s poem so that it was easier to sing. But they did not change its meaning. The *Lord had done many things for David. So, David wrote this poem to thank him. But David probably wrote it before he *sinned against Uriah. David thought about all the battles he had fought. David was a good soldier. But without God’s help, David would have died in the battles. David trusted God and David completely depended on him. In this poem, David used picture language. David could not see God. But he compared God to something that he could see. David also described in a dramatic way what he felt. *Hebrew poetry repeats many words. And it often has two similar sentences that describe the same thing in slightly different ways. This helped the reader to understand more. This poem is similar in some places to Hannah’s song in 1 Samuel chapter 2. She also said that God was like her ‘rock’. In the *Jewish Bible (the *Old Testament), 1 and 2 Samuel was one complete book. Hannah’s poem was at the beginning of the book. David’s poem was at the end. Between them was the account of *Israel’s first two kings. Both poems centre on the *Lord. They describe how great he is. This showed the *Israelites that the *Lord was the centre of their history. Verses 2-3 David described why he praised the *Lord. The *Lord had saved David and the *Lord protected him. David had to hide from King Saul many times. David had to hide from his other enemies too. David hid behind large rocks. He hid in caves in the hills. He hid inside towns that had strong walls round them. He hid in buildings. He was safe in those places. However, David knew that his real security was with the *Lord. God protected David as he hid. And David imagined that God was like those safe places. Verse 4 David praised the *Lord because the *Lord deserved it. David could not save himself. But the *Lord had saved David in the past. And the *Lord continued to save David. Verses 5-6 David felt desperate when his enemies attacked him. He thought that he was going to die. They believed that dead people go to a place called Sheol. Sometimes we call it the grave or death. (The word Sheol does not always mean the same as hell. Hell is the place of punishment. But Sheol is a simpler word. The *Israelites said that a dead person ‘went to Sheol’.) Verse 7 So David called to the *Lord and the *Lord heard him. The ‘temple’ refers to heaven where God lives (Psalm 11:4). Verses 8-16 are very dramatic. David described how great and powerful the *Lord is. Verse 8 The *Lord was angry with David’s enemies. The *Lord’s power shook everything. Verse 9 Fire often refers to God’s judgement (for example Malachi chapter 4). Verses 10-12 David imagined that the *Lord left heaven and came to the earth. Ezekiel chapters 1 and 10 describe the cherubim. They are special *angels that live with God in heaven. They have wings and they can fly. Other nations *worshipped a false god called Baal. They called Baal ‘the god who rides on the clouds’. But the *Lord was more powerful than Baal. The *Lord usually hid himself so that nobody could see his *glory. Verses 13 and 15 People at that time believed that lightning showed God’s power. It showed that he was working. The lightning seemed to come from God. And it looked like arrows. Verse 14 The Bible often describes God’s voice as like thunder (a loud noise during a storm). For example, Job 40:9 and Psalm 77:18. The ‘Most High’ is another name for God. Verse 16 The *Lord had enough power even to remove the sea. Compare this with Exodus chapter 14. Fire, wind and storms are very powerful. They frighten people because people cannot control them. In Exodus chapter 19, the *Lord had appeared to Moses with smoke and clouds, fire and lightning. There was a loud noise like a storm and the ground shook. In 1 Samuel 7:10, the *Lord sent a storm against the *Philistines. The *Lord may have sent storms during David’s battles. The *Lord frightened David’s enemies. In verses 17-20, David described how the *Lord saved him. During the battle, David felt like a man who was drowning in a river. David imagined that God was like a man with a very strong arm. It was as if God leaned out of heaven. Then God seemed to pick up David. David’s enemies were too strong. But the *Lord rescued David and he put him somewhere safe. In this section, David described two reasons why the *Lord had saved him. Verses 21-25 David always tried to be loyal to God. David did the things that God wanted him to do. David even did such things if he might suffer as a result. Saul chased David and then he tried to kill David. This happened several times. But David never hurt or insulted Saul. David was not perfect. He made many mistakes. His errors were sometimes very serious. But David confessed his evil deeds to God. He still tried to be loyal to God. And he tried to obey the law and to trust God. We may think that David sounded proud. But in Leviticus chapter 26 God promised to *bless the people who obeyed him. God said that they would defeat their enemies. God had rewarded David. And David was confident that God rewarded him because of his right attitudes. (Many people think that David wrote this section before he *sinned against Uriah. They may be correct. But after David *sinned, he confessed his evil deed to God. You can read his prayer in Psalm 51. David asked God to forgive him. And afterwards, David continued to do the things that God wanted him to do.) Verses 26-30 The *Lord is fair. He deals with people in the right way. In verse 27, ‘*pure’ means perfect, like something that is clean. In verse 27, ‘you oppose wicked people’ also has another meaning: ‘God shows that wicked people are foolish’. David knew that the glory (greatness) of the *Lord is like a bright light. ‘Darkness’ often refers to times of trouble. People cannot see where to go in the dark. But the *Lord showed David what to do in every difficult situation. David was very confident when the *Lord was with him. Nothing seemed too difficult for David to do. Verses 31-32 David described how wonderful God is. There is nobody else like him. He is the only real God. Then David described how this wonderful God helped him to win his battles. Verses 33-37 David described how God prepared him for the battles. Verse 33 God’s way is perfect. (In other words, everything that God does is perfect.) And God is strong. So, God could make David’s way perfect and make him strong. Verse 34 A deer is an animal that lives in the mountains. It has special feet so that it can climb up and down the mountains. Its feet do not slip on the rocks. It can even run and jump across the rocks. A mountain is a difficult place. God helped David so that David did not fail during his difficult times. This may refer to the times when Saul chased David. David had to escape and to live in the mountains. Verse 35 Bows were usually wooden. *Bronze is a strong metal. So the *Lord made David strong and made him an expert. Verse 36 David had been just an ordinary man. He was not great because of what he had done. David imagined again that the *Lord reached down from heaven. The *Lord made David a great king and army leader. Verse 37 This is similar to the idea in verse 34 that David would not fail. Verses 38-46 describe how God helped David during the battles. Verses 38-39 David defeated all his enemies and he became their ruler. The word ‘overcame’ does not mean that he killed them all. In Joshua 10:16-25, the *Israelites defeated their enemies because they defeated their kings. The army leaders put their feet on the necks of the kings. This action showed that the *Israelites ruled their enemies. And their enemies could not continue to be proud. Verses 40-41 David went out to fight the battles. But David was not proud about his own skill. He knew that the *Lord made him successful. David’s enemies had to bend in front of David. This showed that they gave him honour. Verses 42-43 Nobody would help David’s enemy. The *Lord would not even answer them. Again, David said that these enemies were under his feet. Mud and dust have no value. And David’s enemies were ashamed. Verses 44-46 Everyone heard about David and what God did for the *Israelites. God had made David a successful king. No nation could defeat him. Foreign nations became afraid because God had made David so powerful. So, many nations served David and they did not fight him. As David finished this poem, he praised God again. God is alive and real. God made David the king of *Israel. And God helped David. God saved David and he made him successful. David was very grateful to God. David wrote the words in verse 50 about 3000 years ago. But he did not realise what would happen in the future. Chapter 8 gives a list of many nations that David defeated. He praised the *Lord among those nations. But something even greater has happened. Paul, the apostle (leader), mentioned David’s words in Romans 15:9. Paul refers to the ‘Gentiles’ (anyone who is not a *Jew) who will praise God. Men and women have translated the Bible into many different languages. Therefore, people in all nations of the world now praise the *Lord as they read David’s poem! In verse 51, ‘the king that you *anointed’ refers to David. But it also can mean Jesus Christ. The name ‘Christ’ means ‘the *anointed man’.
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the first; they had become the chief agents of German pacifist propaganda in Russia; by 1917 they had done much in preparing for that general disintegration of Russian society, later recognized as the Revolution. It was believed that if Great Britain declared for the fulfillment of Zionist aspirations in Palestine under her own pledge, one effect would be to bring Russian Jewry to the cause of the entente." - "It was believed, also, that such a declaration would have a potent influence open world Jewry outside Russia, and secure for the entente the aid of Jewish financial interests. In America, their aid in this respect would have a special value when the Allies had almost exhausted the gold and marketable securities available for American purchase. Such were the chief considerations which, in 1917, impelled the British Government towards making a contract with Jewry." (Memoirs of the Peace Conference, David Lloyd George, p. 726.) - The eminent Mr. Lloyd George's opinion is confirmed by numerous other sources, especially by Mr. Samuel Landman in his work Great Britain, The Jews and Palestine, Mr. Landman was a very well known English Zionist whose positions included honorary secretary of the Zionist Council of the United Kingdom in 1912, editor of The Zionist, 1913-1914, solicitor and secretary of the Zionist Organization, 1917-1922, and author of several Zionist publications during World War One. His opinion is thus an official one which is completely consistent with that of Lloyd George. - "Mr. James A. Malcolm... spontaneously took the initiative, to convince first of all Sir Mark Sykes, Under-Secretary to the War Cabinet, and afterwards M. Georges-Picot, of the French Embassy in London, and M. Gout of the Quai d'Orsay (Eastern Section), that the best and perhaps the only way (which proved so to be) to induce the American President to come into the War was to secure the co-operation of Zionist Jews by promising them Palestine, and thus enlist and mobilize the hitherto unsuspectedly powerful forces of Zionist Jews in America and elsewhere in favor of the Allies on a quid pro quo contract basis..." - "The Balfour Declaration, in the words of Prof. H.M.V. Temperley, was a 'definite contract between the British Government and Jewry' (History of the Peace Conference in Paris, vol 6, p.173). The main consideration given by the Jewish people (represented at the time by the leaders of the Zionist Organization) was their help in bringing President Wilson to the aid of the Allies." (Great Britain, The Jews and Palestine, pp.3-6.) - Thus, according to the documented statements of both parties the British betrayed their war time ally, the Arabs, in deference to Zionist manipulation in bringing the U.S. into the war on Britains side. - The Balfour declaration was not written by British Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour. It was written by American and English Zionists on both sides of the Atlantic. Many versions were prepared, discarded and rewritten before the final version was submitted to Lord Balfour to be issued in his name. English politicians, such as Lord Robert Cecil, made minor emendations to the letter which their Zionist "professors" wrote for them. The Covenant of the League of Nations which provided the international legal basis for establishing a British protectorate, or "Mandate" over Palestine was largely written by the Zionist agent, South African general Jan Smuts. The drafting of the language of the actual Mandate was written by U.S. Zionist and Harvard Law Professor Felix Frankfurter at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. - A MOVEMENT WHICH MADE FALSE PROMISES OF EQUAL TREATMENT - The false promises of equal treatment for the Arabs are to be found in the Balfour declaration itself. This declaration was produced by many hands over many months with deception as its deliberate objective. - "This too, memorable document is not so much a sentence of English as a verbal mosaic. Drafts for it traveled back and forth, within England or over the Ocean, to be scrutinized by some two score draftsmen half co-operating, half competing with one another, who erased this phrase or adopted that after much thought. At long last, out of the store of their rejections and of their acceptances the final miscellany was chosen, ratified and fixed. There never has been a proclamation longer prepared, more carefully produced, more consciously worded." - Whatever is to be found in the Balfour Declaration was put into it deliberately. There are no accidents in that text. If there is any vagueness in it this is an intentional vagueness. - "....this nationally issued and nationally endorsed document was nothing but a calmly planned piece of deception." (Palestine: The Reality, J.M.N. Jeffries, pp.) - The entire Balfour Declaration cannot here be analyzed. A few illustrations of its deceptive character will suffice. - "...it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious nights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine..." - "At the time of the Balfour Declaration the population of Palestine was 90% Arab and 10% Jew. - "Before this unpalatable reality, what did the framers of the Balfour Declaration do? By an altogether abject subterfuge, under colour of protecting Arab interests, they set out to conceal the fact that the Arabs to all intents constituted the population of the country. It called them the 'non-Jewish communities in Palestine'! It called the multitude the non-few; it called the 670,000 the non-60,000; out of a hundred it called the 91 the non-9. You might just as well call the British people 'the non-Continental communities in Great Britain'. It would be as suitable to define the mass of working men as 'the non-idling communities in the world,' or the healthy as the "non-bedridden elements amongst sleepers,' or the sane as 'the non-lunatic section of thinkers' - or the grass of the countryside as 'the non-dandelion portion of the pastures'." (ibid, - "The crux arrives with 'civil rights'. What are 'civil rights'? All turns on this point. If civil rights remain undefined it is only a mockery to guarantee them. To guarantee anything, and at the same time not to let anyone know what it is, that is Alice in Wonderland legislation. 'I guarantee your civil rights', said the White Queen to Alice in Palestineland. 'Oh, thank you!' said Alice, 'what are they, please?' 'I'm sure I can't tell you, my dear,' said the White Queen, 'but I'll guarantee very hard.'" (ibid, p.179) - As soon as the Zionists set up shop in Palestine they made clear the real relationship of Jew to Arab. The formal government authority in Palestine, 1918-1920, was rested in the British Military Government. A competing, and in fact superior form of government existing side by side the British Military Government was the Zionist Commission. The attitude of the British Military Government and of the native Arab population was summed up by Sir Louis Bols: - "It will be recognized from the foregoing that my own authority and that of every department of my Administration is claimed or impinged upon by the Zionist Commission, and I am definitely of opinion that this state of affairs cannot continue without grave danger to the public peace and to the prejudice of my Administration." - "It is no use saying to the Moslem and Christian elements of the population that our declaration as to the maintenance of the status quo on our entry into Jerusalem has been deserved. Facts witness otherwise: the introduction of the Hebrew tongue as an official language; the setting up of a Jewish judicature the whole fabric of Government of the Zionist Commission, of which they are well aware; the special traveling privileges to members of the Zionist Commission; these have firmly and absolutely convinced the non-Jewish elements of our partiality. On the other hand, the Zionist Commission accuses me and my officers of anti-Zionism. The situation is intolerable, and in justice to my officers and myself must be fairly faced." - "This Administration has loyally earned out the wishes of His Majesty's Government, and has succeeded in so doing by strict adherence to the laws governing the conduct of the Military Occupant of Enemy Territory, but this has not satisfied the Zionists, who appear bent on committing the temporary Military Administration to a partialist policy before the issue of the Mandate. It is manifestly impossible to please partisans who politically claim nothing more than a "National Home", but in reality will be satisfied with nothing less than a Jewish State and all that it politically implies." - "I recommend therefore, in the interests of peace, of development, of the Zionists themselves, that the Zionist Commission in Palestine be abolished." (ibid,p.359) - A MOVEMENT WHICH DISCARDED ITS OWN SPONSOR - The British Mandate existed only to protect the incoming Zionists from the native Arabs. Mr. Vladimir Jabotinsky makes this clear in his 1923 title The Iron Wall (We and the Arabs): - "Zionist colonization must either be terminated or carried out against the wishes of the native population. This colonization can, therefore, be continued and make progress only under the protection of a power independent of the native population - an iron wall, which will be in a position to resist the pressure to the native population. This is, in toto, our policy towards the Arabs... A voluntary reconciliation with the Arabs is out of the question either now or in the future." - "If you wish to colonize a land in which people are already living, you must provide a garrison for the land, or find some 'rich man' or benefactor who will provide a garrison on your behalf. Or else-or else, give up your colonization, for without an armed force which will render physically impossible any attempt to destroy or prevent this colonization, colonization is impossible, not "difficult', not 'dangerous', but IMPOSSIBLE!...Zionism is a colonization adventure and therefore it stands or falls by the question of armed force. It is important.... to speak Hebrew, but, unfortunately, it is even more important to be able to shoot - or else I am through with playing at colonizing." - The British soon realized what a grave problem they had created for themselves by sponsoring Zionism in Palestine. The Arab riots of 1920, 1921, 1929 and 1936-39 brought one British investigating commission after another to Palestine, all reaching the same conclusion - the cause of unrest in Palestine was massive Jewish immigration into a land already inhabited by Arabs. - In 1937 a Royal Investigating Commission headed by Lord Peel concluded that the proper solution to Jewish-Arab tension was to partition Palestine, creating a Jewish state, an Arab state and a British maintained "Polish Corridor" dividing the two. The Zionists reluctantly accepted the partition proposal but the Arabs did not. From this point on the British had outlived their usefulness to the Zionists. - In 1944 the terrorist underground Jewish group, the Irgun Zvai Leumi, began a partisan war to drive the British out of Palestine. The many bloody misdeeds of this group included assassinating British Soldiers, raiding British military depots, assassinating the British High Commissioner in Egypt, dynamiting the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, etc. until the British finally quit Palestine on May 15, 1948. - A MOVEMENT WHICH COLLABORATED WITH THE AVOWED ENEMY OF - Zionism was founded on the mutual incompatibility of Jew and Gentile. As such it had a built in incentive for collaborating with another ideology built on the incompatibility of Jew and Gentile - - Zionist collaboration with National Socialism dates almost from the inception of the Hitler regime. The Ha'avara, or Transfer Agreement dates from May, 1933. Under this arrangement approximately 10% or 50-60,000 of Germany's 500-600,000 Jews were sent to Palestine with their assets minus an exit tax. This fulfilled the Zionist desire to reroute Jews to Palestine while promoting the Nazi desire to rid Germany of Jewish influence. - Zionism enjoyed the official favoritism of the Hitler government. Numerous articles praising Zionism appeared in the German press. Dr. Joseph Goebbels, Reich Propaganda Minister, commissioned a special medallion commemorating Zionism. The Zionist blue and white flag was the only national symbol permitted to fly in Germany other than the swastika. More importantly, special Zionist training camps existed in Germany to train German Jews for agricultural work in Palestine. - On at least one occasion, Chaim Weizmann the future first president of Israel vetoed the Rublee-Schact plan of January, 1939 which would have removed all Jews from Germany within a five year period. Weizmanns reason for so doing? He felt it was preferable to leave the Jews under German control so that they could later be sent to Palestine, rather that allow them to choose their own destination. In this regard Weizmann endorsed the thinking of his political rival, David Ben-Gurion: - "If I knew that it would be possible to save all the children in Germany by bringing them over to England, and only half of them by transporting them to Eretz Yisrael, then I would opt for the second alternative. For we must weigh not only the life of these children, but also the history of the People of Israel." (Yoar-Gelber, Zionist Policy and the Fate of European Jewry (1939-42), Yad Vashem Studies, vol. - A MOVEMENT WHICH REJECTS INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION BUT WHICH DEMANDS INTERNATIONAL OBEDIENCE - Zionism has never rested on consent, either of the Arabs of Palestine, of the influential English Jewish community which opposed it when first proposed or of the occasional gentile politician who warned of its dangers. Zionism has always demanded "Bow Down Before Me"! - Zionism ignored the British White Papers urging restriction of Jewish immigration to Palestine, it has ignored the United Nations resolutions on return of conquered territories, it continues to ignore the settlements on the West Bank of the Jordan river. - Zionism will never become a democratic movement because it is a doctrine of divine right. It is rooted in blood, mysticism and return to the soil. - Zionism has forged its case. It has used deceit, broken promises, backroom diplomacy, violence, blackmail and terrorism to achieve its ends. It has slept with the Devil while posing as an angel. 当汽车停下来时,叶桑迪意外发现这里也不是慕苍宸的公司,不是一个射击馆。“我们也不是去去上班吗?”她问着。她现在的是劫后余生的感觉,完全敢去想自己是怎么被亲人卖了的,要不然她的“我们不是去上班吗?”她问道。。 第12章 把语言玩成艺术小说 当汽车停下时,叶乔西发现这里不是慕苍宸的公司,而是一个射击馆。 “我们不是去上班吗?”她问道。 她现在是劫后余生的感觉,完全不敢去想自己是怎么被亲人卖了的,不然她的神经分分钟钟能崩溃掉。 她恨不得马上工作,用工作填满自己的脑子,不给自己去想的机会。 慕苍宸下车,带她走进射击馆,“你现在就是在上班,你的工作就是陪我做所有我想做的事。” 额,好吧,你是爷。 叶乔西老实的跟在男人的身后,一眼看到颠颠跑过来的老板。 “慕总裁!您来了,我这就给您开您的单间。”老板殷勤的说道。 射击馆是会员制的,只有富豪才交得起年费,玩得起射击,而慕苍宸就是富豪界的vip,他有自己专属
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healthy. I have abundance and I am a generous and giving person. I am a child of God and led by his grace and goodness. I am friendly and kind and therefore attract positive people into my life. Write your own affirmations. NEVER INCLUDE SHOULD OR MUST because it is your desire; you choose what to say and believe... I am _________________________________________________ I have ________________________________________________ I can _________________________________________________ I will _________________________________________________ National Safe Place Week It’s National Safe Place Week, a week dedicated to raising awareness about the safe places youth can go in time of need. You’ve probably seen yellow signs in the windows of police stations, fire stations, libraries and local businesses. The yellow safe place signs are the universal symbol of youth safety, which means any one ages 12 to 18 can go to a safe place day or night and get help when they feel they have nowhere else to go. There are 160 safe places in St. Joseph County alone. “We had a young person last winter walk from an apartment complex to one of the local fire stations in the middle of winter because it was unsafe for her to be at home,” said Christina McGovern of Youth Service Bureau of St. Joseph County. “And so if that happens we want to make sure young people can go to any of these sites across the county." And to find the nearest safe place, teens can text the word "safe" to 4HELP (44357). For more information on the Safe Place program, میگویند یک ستاره موسیقی راک واقعی بازنشسته نمیشود؛ او در ۲۷ سالگی میمیرد و به کلوب ۲۷ میپیوندد. هنوز هیچ کس معمای مرگ ستارگان موسیقی راک در سن ۲۷ سالگی را کشف نکرده است. شاید این امر یک تصادف غمانگیز باشد. «من صدها بار مردهام» هنوز مشخص نیست چرا امی واینهاوس، که دوره ترک اعتیاد به الکل را به پایان رسانده بود، در بیست و سوم ژوئیه سال ۲۰۱۱ در سن ۲۷ سالگی، آن قدر نوشید تا بمیرد. این اسطوره موسیقی جاز، سول و بلوز در سال ۲۰۰۶ با آلبوم "بازگشت به سیاهی" موفق شد ۵ جایزه گرمی دریافت کند. مرگ او ۱۷ سال بعد از مرگ کوباین اتفاق افتاد که او هم در ۲۷ سالگی درگذشته بود. مرگ امی واینهاوس توجه جهانیان را بار دیگر به کلوب ۲۷ جلب کرد. «سوگند میخورم که تفنگی ندارم» کرت کوبین در ماه آوریل سال ۱۹۹۴ در سن ۲۷ سالگی با یک تفنگ ساچمهای به زندگیاش پایان داد. مواد مخدر و درد معده تا پایان این ستاره راک اهل آمریکا و بنیادگذار گروه "گرانج نیروانا" را عذاب داد. با مرگ او نه تنها "نیروانا" به کار خود پایان داد، بلکه یک دوره کوتاه موسیقی پرالتهاب نیز به پایان رسید. "گرانج نیروانا" نشانی بود از مبارزه با تصویر ساختگی از "زندگی آرام و بیدغدغه" که در دهه ۱۹۹۰ جریان داشت. «آزادیای که من از آن صحبت میکنم دادنی نیست» جیم موریسون در شهر ملبورن ایالت فلوریدا به دنیا آمد. او دانشآموخته دانشگاه یوسیالای آمریکا بود و مغز متفکر گروه "دورز" بود. موریسون آنچه بسیاری شهامت گفتناش را نداشتند، برزبان میآورد. او با ترک گروه موسیقیاش به پاریس رفت. در سوم ژوئیه سال ۱۹۷۱ جسد جیم موریسون را در وان آپارتماناش یافتند. گفته شد دلیل مرگ ایست قلبی به خاطر مصرف بیش از اندازه مواد مخدر بوده است. او به هنگام مرگ ۲۷ ساله بود. «شما نمیتوانید همیشه به خواست خود برسید» برایان جونز از بنیادگذاران گروه "رولینگ استونز" بود. این گیتاریست و هارمونیکا نواز برجسته به همراه گروه خود بخشی جداییناپذیر از ضد فرهنگ دهه ۶۰ میلادی بود. او در میانه این دهه و دوران طلایی خود، سمبلی از سرکشی جوانی بود. مصرف زیاد مواد روانگردان از طرف برایان جونز سبب شد که افراد گروه او را از جمع خود برانند. در ماه ژوئیه سال ۱۹۶۹ پیکر او را در سن ۲۷ سالگی در استخر خانهاش بازیافتند. «غبار بنفشی مغزم را فراگرفته است» جیمی هندریکس را نماد جنبش هیپیگری، خداوندگار گیتار و بت نسلی میدانند که به مواد مخدر روی آورد. او در تنگدستی بزرگ شد. این اسطوره آمریکایی گیتار نه ساله بود که مادر و پدرش از هم جدا شدند. تمام دورن شکوفایی هنری او چهار سال بیشتر دوام نداشت. خیلی زود رابطه او و همکارانش به هم خورد و او به مواد مخدر پناه برد. در یک روز سپتامبر سال ۱۹۷۰ در هتلی ۹ قرص خوابآور خورد و در ۲۷ سالگی دیگر بیدار نشد. «هرگز به گریه شبانهام گوش نده» همهچیز برای جنیس جاپلین، خواننده و آهنگساز آمریکایی با هم شروع شد: خواندن، ودکا، مواد مخدر و پیشرفتهای هنری. جاپلین که از اسطورههای موسیقی راک بهشمار میرود میگفت: «روی صحنه با ۲۵ هزار نفر به خواب رفته و پس از بیداری به تنهایی به خانهمیروم.» او در چهارم اکتبر ۱۹۷۰ در سن ۲۷ سالگی به خاطر مصرف زیاد هروئین درگذشت. صدای منحصربهفرد خشدار و نوع موسیقی تلفیقیاش از راک و بلوز از یادها نمیرود. «خودکشی دردناک نیست» گروه منیک استریت پریچرز (Manic Street Preachers) پاسخی به پانکهای دهه ۱۹۷۰ بود: لباسهای عجیب و غریب، آرایش تند و متنهای زننده پایههای اصلی بودند. خواننده، گیتاریست و بخصوص نویسنده ترانههای این گروه ریچی ادواردز، هنرمند اهل ویلز بود. ریچی ادواردز در اول فوریه ۱۹۹۵ بدون هیچ اثری در لندن ناپدید شد. او در زمان ناپدید شدناش ۲۷ ساله بود. dwثبت دامنه Climate catastrophism, or as it will be called soon, reality, is getting tougher to pin down with every new climate catastrophe. A real page turner on the subject is Lynas, Six Degrees: Our Future on a Hotter Planet. It’s from 2007 and hyperbolic for the day, but appearing less so as extremeness increases faster than projected and reports of abrupt change initiation continue. And very thought provoking catastrophism, with observations on events already occurring, can be found from what would appear to be an unlikely source — National Security Implications of Climate-related Risks and a Changing Climate, Department of Defense, 2015. In general climate science though, the science upon which policy is based, future projections are based on averages, not extremes. So why then, when catastrophic extremes are by far responsible for the trouble that we have been seeing, why are extremes not a part of the climate science or policy? Averages are not very insightful in determining meaningful impacts. This is a really backwards way of doing things and does what is turning out to be a grave disservice to society. But it’s the way science works. Still, why can’t science do something about this? These extremes are really getting out of hand. Harvey’s insured loss estimate from Texas Govenor Abbott is $150 to $180 billion, and from other officials tops $200 billion. In addition, uninsured losses of $150 billion appear feasible. The Feds paid $120 billion for Katrina with the highest disaster losses ever recorded. So why can’t science do something about this, or at least, why can’t we have policy that foresees these kinds of things? After all, climate scientists have been telling us for over 20 years that extremes would become more extreme with warming and delaying action further would increase extremes nonlinearly. The reason? It’s because extremes are much harder to model. Certainty and Professional Judgement Climate projection averages are the climate change targets upon which climate policy is based. What scientists average all of the wildly varying climate models together to get their targets. There is a very high statistical certainty that the averages are correct, and hind casting proves it. Hind casting is where climate models are backed up in time and run forward to see if they can predict the past. And they do–for the average climate. Predicting the extremes is a different story. The statistical certainty of extremes is much lower than certainty about averages. All of the different models have widely varying extremes with very low statistical certainty, and when hind cast, what extremes are produced are reproduced like weather models–their timing is off. So low statistical certainty prevents traditional certainty based science from using extremes to suggest policy. But this isn’t the way engineers and doctors work. It’s not certain that any individual will get cancer from smoking. It wasn’t certain that the space shuttle Challenger was going to explode on launch, even though Morton Thiokol said “Do Not Launch.” Doctors make professional judgement about science. Engineers make professional judgments about science. This is perhaps the greatest downfall of climate science of all time–that the science is bound by certainty and cannot use professional judgement like doctors and engineers. Also caveated out of climate projections are abrupt changes–the most extreme of the extremes. Modeling results of abrupt changes, like ice sheet collapse and shut down of the Gulf Stream, are less certain than the slow and steady glacial climate change over the next 100 years that is represented by climate science consensus reporting like that of the Intergovernmental Panel on climate Change (IPCC). So abrupt changes too, are not included in the climate projections we have all come to know and love. But it’s extremes that create our world and define evolution; whether it is species evolution or societal. That climate science cannot find a way to include extremes in their counsel, in a way that can influence policy, does a grave disservice to our society. Engineers and doctors do it every day. The Most Likely Societal Changing Extreme Extreme — Abrupt Sea Level Rise Abrupt changes are almost exclusively caveated out of any climate projections, and societal changes from averages just aren’t all that intense (in the academic as well as popular literature) until we get to 4 C. But we are having these outrageous extremes nonetheless. Abrupt sea level rise is the one extreme that currently has the greatest meaning in time frames that matter. Methane from undersea permafrost venting is a close second, but the science on West Antarctic collapse is better developed. Abrupt sea level rise is robustly represented in prehistoric evidence with 10 to 20 feet of sea level rise per century, and at the most extreme 6.5 to 10 feet in 12 to 24 years (Blanchon). With the human civilization adaptability rate at 3 feet of sea level rise per century (IPCC), it’s economic collapse from abrupt sea level rise that can most plausibly, first define “collapse of civilization” (as we know it.) NOAA’s warning in the spring of 2016 adds credibility with her statement of near-future modelling of 10 feet of sea level rise by mid-century (Davidson). Displacement of nearly a hundred million folks by mid-century with 10 feet of sea level rise will certainly create economic dysfunction. Overlooked in the catastrophism on the subject though, is compromise of global infrastructure. A near majority of global wealth, backed by global infrastructure, surrounds our oceans at elevations that would be compromised by 10 feet of sea level rise. Understand too that compromise of this infrastructure does not necessarily mean inundation. Critical nodes of global infrastructure are clustered at sea level. The nodes can be protected to a certain extent, but inundation near these nodes compromises their ability to function as designed. NOAA Resource Abandonment by 2030 There’s one other sea level rise projection that is a part of this topic. NOAA’s January 2017 sea level rise projection of 17 inches by 2030 says that this small rise will cause coastal flooding extremes to increase by 25 times. They say that when this level of coastal flooding is reached, abandonment of resources will be underway. The Union of Concerned Scientists, July 2017 says that this will mean 167 U.S. cities will be impacted with just 17 inches of sea level rise. This type of “abandonment of resources” relationship can also be indirectly transferred to river flooding. When does resource abandonment start in Houston, with five, 100-year plus floods in eight years? Three in 2016 alone? How many more floods will it take before resource abandonment begins? How many times can families and businesses rebuild, or more succinct, how many years between that kind of financial, physical and emotional expenditure does it take? Is resource abandonment already underway with FEMA flood insurance ensuring our continued prosperity? دکتر حسن روحانی، رئیس جمهوری، قانون اصلاح تبصره (۱۰) ماده (۱۷) قانون تعیین تکلیف استخدامی معلمین حقالتدریسی و آموزشیاران نهضت سوادآموزی در وزارت آموزش و پرورش را برای اجرا به وزارت آموزش و پرورش و سازمان اداری و استخدامی کشور ابلاغ کرد. به گزارش ایسنا به نقل از پایگاه اطلاع رسانی دولت، این قانون در جلسه علنی روز چهارشنبه مورخ سوم شهریورماه یکهزار و سیصد و نود و پنج مجلس شورای اسلامی تصویب و در تاریخ ۱۳۹۵/۶/۱۷ به تأیید شورای نگهبان رسیده است. متن این قانون به شرح زیر است: قانون اصلاح تبصره (۱۰) ماده (۱۷) قانون تعیین تکلیف استخدامی معلمین حقالتدریسی و آموزشیاران نهضت سوادآموزی در وزارت آموزش و پرورش ماده واحده ـ تبصره (۱۰) ماده (۱۷) قانون تعیین تکلیف استخدامی معلمین حقالتدریسی و آموزشیاران نهضت سوادآموزی در وزارت آموزش و پرورش مصوب ۱۳۸۸/۷/۱۵ و اصلاحات بعدی آن بهشرح زیر اصلاح میگردد: تبصره۱۰ـ وزارت آموزش و پرورش مکلف است مربیان پیشدبستانی و نیروهای خرید خدمات آموزشی را که از طریق شرکتهای عمومی یا خصوصی در آموزش و پرورش بهکار گرفته شدهاند همچنین حقالتدریسان غیرمستمر را که قبل از سال ۱۳۹۱ با آموزش و پرورش همکاری داشتهاند بهمنظور تأمین نیروی حقالتدریس با عناوین معلم (آموزگار یا دبیر)، مربی پرورشی، مربی بهداشت، مشاور و اداری با توجه به ارتباط رشته تحصیلی (منحصر به دوره متوسطه)، مقطع تحصیلی (حداقل کاردانی)، جنسیت، نیاز منطقهای و سنوات همکاری با آن وزارتخانه، بدون الزام به رعایت ماده (۸) این قانون بهکار گیرد. استفاده از سایر نیروها در این زمینه ممنوع است. بار مالی ناشی از اجرای این قانون در حد سقف حقالتدریس سالانه و از محل حقالتدریس پرداختی به کارکنان رسمی و خروج بازنشستگان آموزش و پرورش تأمین میگردد. بهکارگیری این نیروها الزامی برای استخدام رسمی نمیباشد. نیروهای آموزشدهنده تجمیعی نهضت سوادآموزی که قبل از سال ۱۳۹۲ با نهضت سوادآموزی همکاری داشتهاند، مشمول این تبصره میباشند. این قانون از تاریخ ۱۳۹۵/۶/۳۱ لازمالاجراء میباشد. * سایت استخدامی هیچ گونه مسئولیتی در تعیین شرایط و مشخصات آگهی های درج شده و یا توافق بین کارجویان و کارفرمایان و سازمان ها ندارد لذا خواهشمند است در ارسال مدارک و مشخصات خود بالاخص در مورد شرکت ها و سازمان های بخش خصوصی دقت لازم را مبذول فرمایید. * تنها سازمان ها ، دستگاه های دولتی و بانک ها بر طبق قانون جهت برگزاری آزمون ها هزینه ثبت نام دریافت می کنند
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ırken, ellerinin anormal bir pozisyon almasıdır. Kronik beyin felcinin iki biçimi vardır; atonik ve konjenital beyincik ataksisi. Atonik dipleji ileri derecede zekâ gecikmesi ile birlikte görülür. Spastisite gnellikle daha sonra, çocukluk döneminde gelişir. Konjenital beyincik ataksisi beyin felcinin seyrek görülen bir biçimi olup hafif derecede zeka gecikmesi ile birlikte bulunmaktadır. Beyin felci bulunan bir çocuğun geleceği büyük ölçüde zeka özürlülüğü de bulunup bulunmadığını bağlıdır. Bir çocuk, tekerlekli sandalye kullanmasını gerektiren ciddi hareket sorunlarına sahip olsa bile kendi kendine gözleme yeteneğine sahipse, bir dereceye kadar düzelme sağlanması daha kolay olur. Çocuğun sakatlığına karşı ailenin tavrı, bu bireyin olumlu bir kişilik imajı geliştirip geliştirememesi üzerinde etkili olur. BEYIN KANAMASI Beyin kanamalarının nedenleri arasında en sık rastlanılanı hipertansiyona bağlı beyin içi arter kanamasıdır (intraserebral kanama = serebral arter kanaması). Beyne ait damarsal hastalıklar arasında en kötü tabloya yol açan durum serebral arter kanamasıdır. Tipik özellikleri; yaşlı, şişman, erkek ve hipertansiyonu olan bir hastada ani baş ağrısı, bulantı, kusma ve hızlı gelişen tek taraflı felç ile birlikte şuur kaybı meydana gelir. Daha sonra kanamanın yeri, şiddeti, beyinde meydana gelen diğer değişiklikler ve hastanın diğer genel hastalıklarına bağlı olarak ya hasta kaybedilir, ya gittikçe kötüleşen koma gelişir ya da sekel bırakabilecek yavaş bir iyileşme görülür. Kanamaların şiddeti çok değişkendir, çok az miktarda olabileceği gibi, beynin dış tabakasında yarık şeklinde kanamalar da meydana gelebilir. Kanamaların yerine göre gözde kanama tarafında kayna, baş ağrısı, görme alanı bozuklukları meydana gelebilir (bazı noktaları göremez). Göz hareketleri kanamanın yerine göre değişkenlik gösterir (aşağı kayma, yatay bakış gibi). Tedavide öncelikle koma gelişmişse, ona yönelik tedavi gerekir; tansiyon düşürülmelidir. Beyin ödemi gelişimine yönelik tedavi düzenlenir. Koma gelişmeden cerrahi olarak tedavi edilebilen hastaların yaşama şansları diğerlerine göre daha yüksektir. Ancak genel durumu iyi olmayan ve yaşı ilerlemiş olan hastalarda cerrahi girişim de risklidir BLUMIA NEVROZA Adipozite, şişmanlık enerji bilançosunun bozukluğundan olabildiği gibi artmış yeme gereksinimi ile fazla kalori alınması sonucu da meydana gelebilir. Bu bozukluk büyük bir olasılıkla, acıkma-doyma mekanizmasının uyarılmasına bağlıdır ki, bunda psikovegetativ etkiler de rol oynayabilmektedirler. Merkezi hipotalamustan yönetilen acıkma ve doyma duyusu, besin alımının düzenlenmesi yani bedenin enerji harcaması ile kalori alımının birbirine uyması konusunda önemli sinyaller verir. Şişmanlarda bu sinyal fonksiyonunda bir bozukluk vardır. Acıkma ve doymanın düzenlenmesi duruma uygun biçimde yönetilemez ve kişi fizyolojik açlığı ile doymasını yeterince algılayamaz. Açlık ve tokluk duygusunun yoğunluğu daha çok gerçeğe uymayan duygusal durumlarla karartaştırılır. Şişmanlardaki patolojik derecede artmış olan yeme davranışı bir yandan açlık duygusunun artmış olması, öte yandan da tokluk duygusunun azalmış olmasına, yani sonuçta her iki duygunun algı niteliğinin bir arada bozulmasına bağlıdır. Patolojik yeme davranışına bağlı olarak. artmış kalori alımı, şişmanların çoğunda onları hoş olmayan duygulardan (narsistik zedelenmelerden, depresyondan) korumaya yarar ve obje yitimi durumlarında daha da sivri bir davranış gösterir. Bu patolojik ruhsal durumlar genellikle çok yoğun cinsel gelişim öncesi gelişim bozuklukları temeline dayanır. Yemek yeme ile kişi için hoş olmayan duyguların hafifletilmesi sağlanır Böylece kişi geçici de olsa kendini ruhsal açıdan biraz dengelenmiş hisseder. Bazı hallerde ise yeme sırasında aşırı neşe, öfori durumuna rastlanır. Sonuç olarak, şişmanlarda psikolojik savunma nedenlerinin fizyolojik bir eyleme dönüştürülerek yararsız biçimde kullanılmaları söz konusudur. BELİRTİLERİ - Kişide kilo alma korkusu, yeme gereksinimini kontrol edememesine neden olur. - Ruhsal travmalarda, çalkalanmalarda kriz halinde yeme davranışı gözlenir. - Aşırı yemek yemenin rahatsız edici etkisiyle kusma amaçlı ilaç kullanımı görülür. - Sosyo-ekonomik kültür düzeyi yüksek bireylerde görülme sıklığı daha fazladır. - Cinsel güçlerinde bir azalma gözlenir. - Kilo verme amaçlı yapılan diyet ve egzersizlere rağmen zayıflama gözlenmez. - Normal beden ağırlığının çok üstünde bir ağırlığa sahiptirler BOGMACA (PERTUSSIS) Bordetella pertussis isimli bakterinin neden olduğu boğmaca hastalığında en belirgin belirti, hastalığın kendine özgü öksürük nöbetleridir. 1-3 yaşlarındaki çocukların bu hastalığa daha sık yakalandıkları saptanmıştır. Fakat bebeklerin ve yetişkinlerin de hastalığa yakalanma olasılığı vardır. Bağırma, öksürme ve aksırma sırasında mikroplar havaya verilir ve solunum yoluyla bulaşır. Bulaşma olasılığı, hastalığın nezle halinde başladığı döneme rastlar. Fakat öksürük sürdüğü sürece bulaşıcı niteliğini korur. Mikroplar gırtlakta ve solunum borusunda balgamlı bir iltihap oluşturur. Kuluçka devresi: 1-3 hafta, ortalama 15 gündür. Belirtileri: Belirtiler üç bölümde incelenebilir: 1. Nezleli ön devre. 2. Kramp halindeki öksürük devresi. 3. İyileşme devresi. İlk devrede üşütme sonucu oluşan hastalıklardaki belirtileri gösterir ve hafif ateş yapar. 1-2 hafta süre içinde hastalık kendini belli etmez. Bu devre, hastalığın en bulaşıcı olduğu devredir. İlk iki haftada burun akıntısı, konjonktivit ve öksürük gözlenir, ateş görülmez. Özellikle akşamları nöbetler halinde baş gösteren öksürük devresi ortalama 5 hafta sürer. Öksürük kramplar halindedir ve öksürük nöbetlerinin sonunda kusma görülebilir. Öksürük nöbetleri başlar başlamaz kesin teşhis konur. Nöbetler önce birkaç kez kuvvetli öksürük halinde başlar, bunu derin soluk alma izler. Öksürük sesi ıslığa benzer ve boğucudur. Nöbetlerin sayısı ve şiddeti hastalığın seyrine göre değişik olur. Yirmi dört saat içinde, çoğunluğu geceleri olmak üzere elli öksürük nöbetinin sayıldığı vakalar görülmüştür. Eğer çocuğun alt dişleri çıkmamışsa, dişetlerinin yanında küçük bir ur oluşumu görülebilir. Öksürük nöbetleri arasında hastada bir rahatlama görülür. Hastalık 2-3 haftada tamamen geçer. Seyri: Bütün hastalık süresi, yan etkiler görülmediği takdirde 8 haftadır, ama altı ay sürdüğü de görülmüştür. Hafif geçen boğmacalarda öksürük nöbetlerine pek rastlanmaz. Büyüklerde öksürük nöbeti hiç görülmez ve hastalık zararsızdır. Boğmaca hastalığında en sık görülen yan etki zatülcenptir ve bebeklerde ölüm nedeni olabilir. Boğmaca geçtikten sonra yerini bronşit alabilir. Kan dolaşımı sisteminde görülebilecek bozukluklar nedeni ile beyinde arıza bırakabilir ve felç, adale krampları ve kasılmaları, sağırlık, körlük gibi durumlar ortaya çıkabilir. Tedavi: Hastanın 3-4 hafta için diğer kişilerden izole edilmesi gerekir. Bir yaşındaki çocuklara antibiyotik tedavisi uygulanır. Antibiyotik tedavisi, ilk 7-15 günlük nezle döneminde verilirse yararlı olur. En sık eritromisin kullanılır. Alternatif antibiyotik olarak ampisilin, kloramfenikol, tetrasiklin de kullanılabilir. Hastalığın ağır seyrettiği durumlarda hastane tedavisi salık verilir. Ateş düşmediği sürece hastanın yatakta dinlenme zorunluluğu vardır. Hasta odası güneşli olmalı ve sık sık havalandırılmalıdır. Oda nemlendirilmelidir. Ateş düştükten sonra hasta bol bol açık havaya çıkartılmalı, ama sağlam çocuklardan uzak tutulmalıdır. Kuru yiyecekler gıcık yaparak öksürüğe neden olabileceği için genellikle sulu gıdaların verilmesine ve bu gıdaların vitamin yönünden zengin olmasına dikkat etmelidir. Öksürük sonucu kusma olabileceği dikkate alınarak yemeklerin nöbetten on beş dakika sonra verilmesi uygundur. Korunma: Çocukları boğmacalı hastalara yaklaştırmamalıdır. Boğmaca aşısının yararları hala tartışma konusudur, ama genellikle uygulanır ve bir dereceye kadar bağışıklık sağlar, hastalığın hafif seyretmesinde yararlı olur. BOTULINUM TOKSINI İnsan için bilinen en zehirli madde olan botulinum toksininin, kilogram başına 0.001 mikrogram (0.000000001 gram) uygulanması öldürücü olabilmektedir. Botulinum toksini, en çok bilinen zehirlerden olan VX maddesinden 15.000 kez ve sarin gazından 100.000 kez daha güçlü bir zehirdir. Bu niteliklerinden dolayı boltulinum toksini biyolojik silahlar arasında en gözde olanlardan birisidir. Saldırı sonrasında 24-72 saatte ölüm meydana gelebilir. Ölüm gelişmeyen durumlarda hastalık, aylarca sürebilir. Botulinum toksinleri (zehirleri), spor oluşturan Clostridium botulinum ve diğer iki Clostridium türleri tarafından üretilen ve sinirler üzerine etki gösteren bir grup toksine verilen isimdir. Bu toksinler (A-G tipleri) bilinen en güçlü sinir toksinleridir, ancak ilginç olarak felçle ilgili olabilecek bazı durumlarda (şaşılık, gözyaşı yokluğu, tetanus, boyun kası felci gibi) ve kozmetik amaçla kırışıklıkların giderilmesinde kullanılmaktadır. Bakteriye ait sporlar havasız ortamlarda da toksin üretebilmektedirler. Endüstriyel amaçla kurulan tesislerde çok fazla miktarlarda toksin kolaylıkla üretilebilir. Biyolojik bir saldırı olmaksızın doğal yolarda meydana gelen botulinum zehirlenmesinin (botulizm) üç tipi bulunmaktadır: yiyecek kaynaklı, yenidoğan ve yara botulizmi. Botulinum; aerosol şeklinde hava yoluyla, yiyeceklerle veya sulara katılarak saldırı amaçlı kullanılabilir. Toksin solunduğunda, yiyeceklerle meydana gelen botulizme benzer şikayetler meydana gelir ancak felç benzeri belirtilerin gelişmesi daha geç olabilir, ve solunan toksinin miktarına bağlı olarak değişik belirtiler de gözlenebilir. Belirti ve Bulgular : Genellikle kranial sinirlerde kısmi felçlerle başlar (ptozis, bulanık görme, çift görme, ağız kuruluğu, yutma güçlüğü, konuşma güçlüğü gibi). Daha sonra gelişen simetrik ve yukarıdan aşağı gelişen gevşek felçler ve genel güçsüzlük hali, solunum yetmezliğine ilerler. Belirti ve bulgular, toksinin solunmasından 12-36 saat sonra başlar, ancak solunan miktar çok az miktarda ise şikayetlerin başlaması 3-5 gün sürebilir. Tanı : Tanı esas olarak şikayetlerin incelenmesi ve muayene ile konur. Bir bölgede birden fazla kişide aynı anda gevşek felçler gözleniyorsa biyolojik saldırıdan şüphelenilmelidir. Kişilerin serumlarında yapılacak laboratuvar analizi ile (mouse nötrolizasyon) tanı doğrulanabilir. Tanıda kullanılabilecek diğer laboratuvar testleri: çevresel materyallerde ELISA veya ECL testi, çevresel örneklerde bakteriyel DNA varlığını araştırmak için PCR testi veya sinir iletimi kontrolü için EMG testi. Tedavi : Erken dönemde hastaya trivalan antitoksin veya heptavalan antitoksin verilmesi, solunum yetmezliği gelişmesini önleyebilir veya hafifletebilir ve iyileşmeyi hızlandırabilir. Solunum yetmezliği gelişenlerde entübasyon ve solunum desteği gerekir. Bazı vakalarda trakeostomi gerekebilir. Korunma : Botulinum toksinine maruz kalma riski yüksek olan kişiler için pentavalan toksoid aşı (tip A, B, C, D ve E) mevcuttur. Yapılan 3 doz aşının koruyuculuğu maymunlarda %100 dür. İnsandan insana geçiş söz konusu değildir. İzolasyon ve Dekontaminasyon : Sağlık personeli için standart yöntemler uygulanır. Toksin ciltte aktif değildir ve hastaların solunum yolu ile dışarı attıkları toksin zararlı değildir. Sabun ve su ile dekontaminasyon sağlanır. Toksin, havada 12 saatte etkisiz hale gelir. Botulinum toksini, güneş ışığında 1-3 saatte inaktive olur. Ayrıca ısı (80 derecede 30 dakika ve 100 derecede birkaç dakika) ve klorlu su ile (3mg/Litre klor içeren su ile 20 dakikada toksinin %99.7 den fazlası inaktive olur) inaktive edilebilir. Ancak toksin depo sularında ve depolanmış gıdalarda haftalarca etkisini kaybetmeden kalabilir. BOYUN AGRILARI Boyun ağrıları bel ağrıları kadar sık görülmemekle birlikte, her yaş grubunda karşılaşılabilen, yaşam kalitesini düşürüp iş gücü kaybına neden olabilen önemli bir sorun. Yanlış duruş, psikolojik stres, soğuğa maruz kalmak, yorgunluk gibi etkenler boyun bölgesinde ağrı nedenidir. Uzun süreli bilgisayar - daktilo kullananlar, sürekli tek noktaya odaklaştıkları için boyun kaslarının yeterince hareket etmemesi sonucu ağrı çekerler. Boyun ağrısı nedenleri 3 temel grupta incelenebilir: Kas iskelet sistemi kaynaklı mekanik nedenler Boyun dışı bölgelerin hastalıklarının neden olduğu ağrının boyun bölgesinde hissedilmesi (yansıyan ağrı) Boyun bölgesini tutan yangısal, enfeksiyöz ve tümöral hastalıklar. Akut boyun ağrısının en sık nedenleri: Boyun fıtığına bağlı ağrı atakları Miyofasiyal ağrı sendromu Boyun bölgesindeki yumuşak dokuların zorlanması (Servikal strain) Kronik boyun ağrısnın en sık nedenleri: Boyun kireçlenmesi Sık görülen bazı iltihaplı romatizmal ağrılar (Ankilozan Spondilit, Romatoid artrit) Fibromiyalji Özellikle stres boyun kaslarında kasılmaya neden olur ve boyun ağrısı ve gerilim baş ağrısı ortaya çıkar. Bu şekilde ortaya çıkan ağrılarda kas gevşeticilerin yanı sıra bölgeye yapılan enjeksiyonlar, gevşeme egzersizleri, fizik tedavi yapılması ve antidepresan ilaç verilmesi yoluna gidilir. BOYUN FITIĞI Belde olduğu gibi boyunda da fıtık olabilir. Omurları birbirinden ayıran diskler yarı eklem sayılırlar. Disk ortasında jel kıvamında bir madde ve bunun çevreleyen yastıkçıklardan oluşur. Bu yastıkçıklardan daha dışta olanlar içtekilerine göre serttirler. Yaşın ilerlemesi ve travmaya maruz kalma durumlarında bu yastıkçıklar yıpranmaya başlar. Dıştaki tabaka giderek incelir, ani yapılan ters bir hareket sonrasında yırtılır. İçteki jel kıvamındaki madde bu yırtıklardan dışarı doğru kayarak, omurilikten çıkıp kolumuza giderek o bölgelere hareket emri veren veya o bölgelerin duyusunu algılamanızı sağlayan sinirinize baskı yapar. Böylece boyun-kol ağrısı ve o kolumuzda uyuşma, karıncalanma, bazen de güçsüzlük hissederiz.Böyle durumlarda ilaç tedavisinin yanı sıra öncelikle istirahat, daha sonra fizik tedavi, yetmediği durumda ise son zamanlarda gelişen tekniklerle bölgeye iğne (epidural steroid enjeksiyonu) veya kateter (epidural lizis) adı verilen ince sondalarla girilerek ilaç verilmesi, bu da olmadığı taktirde cerrahi girişim gerekebilir. Hasta düzenli olarak boyun egzersizlerini yaparak ve boyun koruma prensiplerine uyarak ağrının sık tekrarlamasını önleyebilir. BOYUN KİREÇLENMESİ Servikal omurgayı meydana getiren yapıların(kemik, bağ, kas) yozlaşması sonucu ortaya çıkan ve buna bağlı sinir ve damarsal bozuklukları da içeren klinik bir tablodur. Nedenlerinin yaşlanma, mikro travmalar, makrotravmalar, duruş bozuklukları ve genetik faktörler olduğu düşünülmektedir. Boyun ağrısı, kola yayılan ağrı, baş ağrısı, boyunda tutukluk, kolda güçsüzlük - hissizlik- yanma- batma, ellerde zayıflık- beceri
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dello stupro e voi ne siete responsabili". Qualche tempo fa, "Mad" Mike Hughes—61enne autista di limousine, appassionato di scienza e terrapiattista convinto—aveva annunciato di essersi costruito un razzo e di volersi lanciare per dimostrare una volta per tutte che la terra è piatta. Il lancio doveva avvenire a novembre, ma era stato rimandato più volte a causa della sua natura un tantino illegale e pressoché suicida. Sabato, come riferisce l'Associated Press, Mike Hughes è finalmente riuscito a sollevarsi in volo sul deserto del Mojave dalla località di Amboy, in California. Sorprendentemente, è ancora vivo. Alle 14:30 l'uomo si è arrampicato sul razzo—recante la scritta "FLAT EARTH", e ancorato a una plancia che ricordava vagamente un carro carnevalesco—si è agganciato e si è assicurato il casco sulla testa. Dopodiché, il portellone è stato chiuso e, senza conto alla rovescia, il razzo è partito sollevandosi per 570 metri circa a una velocità di 350 miglia orarie. Come potete evincere da questo video, una volta raggiunto il punto più alto il razzo si è prodotto in una giravolta per poi tornare verso il nostro (tondissimo) pianeta. Precipitando verso morte certa, Hughes ha azionato il paracadute, per poi azionarne un secondo poco prima di schiantarsi a terra. Subito dopo, riferisce sempre AP, Hughes è stato portato via in ambulanza. Non ha riportato ferite gravi. "Se sono contento di avercela fatta? Be', direi di sì," ha dichiarato ad AP. "Domani mattina non riuscirò ad alzarmi, ma intanto stasera potrò andarmene a casa e stare coi miei gatti." Hughes non ha dato dettagli sull'aspetto della terra da lassù, ma a quanto pare 500 metri non sono sufficienti ad avere una visuale degna della Stazione Spaziale Internazionale. Di conseguenza, Hughes e gli altri terrapiattisti non sono riusciti a dimostrare la loro teoria. "Mi chiedete se secondo me la terra è come un frisbee? Direi di sì," ha risposto intervistato dal LA Times. "Lo so per certo? No, è per questo che voglio andare nello spazio." Insieme a una ritrovata passione per i suoi gatti, l'incontro ravvicinato di Hughes con la morte sembra averlo fatto riflettere sul futuro. L'uomo ha spiegato ad AP che intende candidarsi a governatore della California. Segui Drew Schwartz su Twitter. 来源:维意小编 | 发布时间:2015-08-31 其他 浏览数:585 马桶安装,一般是自己购买回来之后,本人安装或请工人师傅安装。马桶安装虽然简单,但是掌握马桶的安装方法很重要,只有安装准确的马桶才能让人放心使用。 1、检查排污管道与地面水平度 在安装马桶前应先对排污管道进行全面检查,看管道内是否有泥砂、废纸等杂物堵塞,同时检查马桶安装位的地面前后左右是否水平,如发现地面不平,在安装时应将地面找平。 2、确定排污管中心 翻转马桶,在马桶排污口上确定中心,并划出十字中心线,中心线应延伸到马桶底部四周脚边。 3、固定马桶 将马桶上的与地面排污口的十字线对准,保持水平安装马桶,并用力压紧密封圈,安装上地脚螺丝及装饰帽。 4、做好底部密封 在马桶排污口上安装好专用密封圈,或在四周打上一圈玻璃胶(油灰)或水泥砂浆,水泥与砂的比例为1:3。 5、安装水箱配件 放水3-5分钟冲洗管道,以保证自来水管的清洁;再安装角阀和连接软管,然后将软管与安装的水箱配件进水阀连接并按通水源。 6、调试检验 检查进水阀进水及密封是否正常,检查排水阀安装位置是否灵活,有无卡阻及渗漏,有无漏装进水阀过滤装置等。 我知道了 好 的 推荐阅读 晒家案例更多> 热门标签 IMAGE is theory-driven and research-based, implementing strategies from NIAAA Task Force recommendations1. The program is designed to provide cohorts of students with direct feedback regarding their drinking, their perceptions of their peers’ drinking behavior, and actual campus norms while encouraging them to engage in self-protective behaviors. Research on IMAGE program effectiveness has shown that students who complete the program drink less, drink less often, and experience fewer negative consequences than their peers who do not participate in the program. Specifically, IMAGE was evaluated utilizing a non-equivalent groups repeated measures quasi-experimental design with Multivariate Logistic Regression Analyses. Results indicated students who attended IMAGE (treatment group) were statistically more likely to drink fewer times per month (OR=1.67) and experience fewer negative consequences (OR=1.86) than those who did not (comparison group). Additionally, underage students who participated in IMAGE were 3.30 times more likely to consume fewer drinks per week (OR=3.30) and 1.53 times more likely to drink 0 drinks in a typical week (OR=1.53) than underage students who did not participate in IMAGE. Finally, at 6-months post-treatment, student alcohol frequency in the comparison group increased while frequency of the treatment group actually decreased, indicating that IMAGE had a significant impact upon student drinking behavior. Barletta, City of Challenges. Barletta developed long before the Roman era. In the Middle Ages it became an important staging post for Crusaders, Teutonic Knights, Templars and Knights of St.John. Chased from Holy Land by the Muslims, the Archbishops of Nazareth took refuge there. When Cannae was sacked by Normans, its population migrate to Barletta. The city then lived its periods of greatest splendour under Emperor Frederick II and then subsequently the Angevin kings of Naples. In 1528 it was sacked by French troops under Odet de Foix. The city sided with the French under Joachim Murat during the Napoleonic War. During and after the Unification, many inhabitants of Barletta died of health issues as the city was as poor as was most of the South of Italy. During World War II, the city garrison opposed the German troops. It was the first Italian conflict against Germany and they earn the Gold Medal of Military Valour and of Civilian Merit. What to see Like many towns in Puglia, the old centre of Barletta has many buildings in baroque architecture. It makes monuments beautiful but floors really slippy. That is the first challenge: do not fall. This palace is by far the most beautiful building in Barletta with its typical Barocco leccese ornamentation and its frescoes. It houses the Pinacoteca Giuseppe De Nittis. Did you know that Barletta houses the biggest statue that survives from the late Roman Empire (i.e. after Constantine)? According to a local folk story, Eraclio saved the city from a Saracen attack. When Saraceens boarded, Eraclio started to cry. Asked why he was sad, he replied that everybody in Barletta were mocking him because he was the smallest of them. Fearing to face giants, the Saracens left. There are several churches worth a look but their opening schedules are erratic. Second challenge: find a open church. The Duomo is usually open every day with a long break early afternoon. Frederick II included Barletta Castle as one of the castles of the Land of Bari (Land of Bari). Constructed by the Normans in the second half of the 12th century, the Angevins transformed it into a fortress. The Aragonese Emperor Charles V consolidated its defensive role. Frederick II included it as one of the castles of the Land of Bari. Now the castle houses the Civic Museum and events. Cellar of the Challenge That is the real Challenge. In 1503, a joust saw 13 Italian knights commanded by Ettore Fieramosca challenging and defeating an equal number of French knights then prisoners of war. La Cantina della Disfida, where it took place, showcases some artefacts as well as the costumes worn during the reenactment of the joust. It looks sad and grey but it is not. Diabetes is a serious condition that, if not properly managed, can cause your blood sugar to be too high. Often, though, the body will let you know when you are getting close to developing diabetes. It sometimes does this through a condition known as “pre diabetes.” In many cases, if you can get the condition under control while you are still in the pre diabetic stage, you can fully repair your health and avoid diabetes altogether. The key, however, is detecting the condition early. The sooner you are aware of it, the sooner you can start doing things to take better care of yourself. If you think you are in danger of pre diabetes or have an increased risk for pre diabetes, it is extremely important to educate yourself on the common pre diabetes symptoms. That way, if you notice any of them in your own life, you’ll know to get to a doctor right away. Understanding what Pre Diabetes is Before we dive in and share with you the common pre diabetes symptoms, it is important for you to understand what, exactly, pre diabetes is. Basically, pre diabetes is diagnosed when you have somewhat elevated blood sugar levels. With this condition, your blood sugar is higher than it should be. Fortunately, however, it is not in the diabetic range. The bad news is that it may get there if you do not take steps to better manage your health and control your blood sugar. Who is at Risk for Pre Diabetes? Sadly, many people develop pre diabetes at some point during their lifetimes. In most cases, though, it doesn’t just come from out of nowhere. More often than not, people will have one or more of the risk factors for pre diabetes. So, what are those risk factors? Well, one of the big ones is being overweight or obese. Fat cells are less sensitive to glucose, and the more of them you have, the greater your chances of developing pre diabetes. People with generally poor and unhealthy diets often have a higher risk of pre diabetes as well, due to the fact that unhealthy foods can negatively affect insulin sensitivity. While any unhealthy diet is bad, diets rich in carbohydrates, sugar, and red or processed meats are especially risky. As mentioned, being overweight at all puts you at risk for prediabetes. However, this risk is compounded if you tend to carry most of your weight in the abdominal region. Therefore, if you are a woman with a waist size of more than 35 inches or a man with a waist size of more than 40 inches, there is a good chance that you are at an increased risk for prediabetes. Another indicator that you could be at risk for prediabetes is if you have developed three or more conditions that have a negative impact on your metabolism. When you reach the “magic three,” you are said to have metabolic syndrome. Unfortunately, this syndrome can easily lead to insulin resistance, which, in turn, can lead to prediabetes and diabetes. Your age can also impact your likelihood of developing prediabetes. While anyone can develop the condition, it most commonly affects people over the age of 45. So, while you may have gotten away with an unhealthy lifestyle in your younger years, the damage will often creep in during your later years. Additionally, having a family history of type II diabetes ups your chance of getting prediabetes or diabetes. This is especially true if a close relative, like a parent or sibling, has or had the disease. It also has to be mentioned that people who live high-stress lifestyles and people who have certain ethnic backgrounds are more likely to develop prediabetes. The backgrounds most commonly affected by prediabetes include: - African Americans - Asian Americans - Native Americans - Pacific Islanders Of course, people of all backgrounds can be diagnosed with prediabetes, but, for reasons still unknown, diagnosis rates tend to be higher for people who fall into these ethnic categories. If you have one or more of these risk factors, then you will want to be especially vigilant about protecting yourself against prediabetes and diabetes. There are many ways you can do that, some of which we’ll cover later. However, you also should make sure you are seeing a doctor regularly and getting checked for the condition. Early detection can often make a big difference in whether or not your prediabetes progresses to diabetes. How Can You Protect Yourself from Pre Diabetes All people should take steps to safeguard their health and prevent serious conditions like prediabetes. This is especially true for those who, as discussed above, are at an increased risk of developing prediabetes. The good news for people in both categories is that there are a great many things you can do to reduce your chances of developing prediabetes. The most important things, however, are to eat a healthy diet and get regular exercise. These two simple steps can help you in a multitude of ways. By eating healthily and exercising regularly, you will more than likely lose weight if you have excess weight to lose. That, in turn, will lower your risk of prediabetes. Likewise, a healthy diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and healthy, natural foods can help to prevent prediabetes by improving your blood sugar levels. Exercise can also help to regulate blood sugar levels. While a healthy diet is always going to be any balanced, moderate one, you can always see a doctor or a nutritionist if you need some help figuring out what to eat. These professionals can often provide you with meal plans, which can help you to regulate your eating and understand healthy portions. Your doctor or nutritionist can also give you advice on what types of exercise to pursue. Really, though, anything that gets you moving and burning calories is a great start. If you can just get diet and exercise under control, you can greatly reduce your chance of developing prediabetes. However, you should still be aware of the common pre diabetes symptoms just in case this condition still manages to make its way into your life. What are the Warning Signs of Pre Diabetes? Hopefully, you now have a better understanding of pre diabetes and how you can protect yourself from it. With that said, though, it is still very important to be aware of the common pre diabetes symptoms, especially if you are at an increased risk for the condition. It is important to note, however, that symptoms, their prevalence, and their severity will vary greatly from one person to the next. Some people may not have any symptoms or may have very mild symptoms. Others may have several symptoms or even very severe symptoms. Symptoms can be a good thing, though, because they can alert you to a problem. Just remember that, in addition to being on the lookout for pre diabetes symptoms, you should also be seeing a doctor regularly, especially if you have a heightened risk of pre diabetes. With all of that said, it is time to explore some of the potential warning signs of pre diabetes. Chances are that you have never heard this term before. It is not something that many people are familiar with. It is, however, a somewhat common sign of pre diabetes. Acanthosis nigricans is said to occur when you develop thick, darkly colored patches, which may feel velvety to the touch, on various parts of the body. These patches tend to develop when your blood sugar is out of control. And, while they can develop anywhere, they are most commonly found on the neck, knuckles, groin, and armpits. The good news is that, if you get your blood sugar under control, they typically go away quite quickly. People with prediabetes often find themselves dealing with extreme thirst. This is because the body is working hard to flush out excess sugar in the blood, which requires liquids. Thus, you may find yourself drinking and drinking (and peeing and peeing) to no avail if you have prediabetes
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comparing skill saw vs. sidewinder circular saws, this configuration reduces the RPMs of the edge but increases the torque. The Skill saw design had been known to last four times longer than any regular circular saws. Our woodworking team loves the Skill saw for its long life, excellent visibility for numerous users, and increased power and torque. Regarding RPM and torque, Skil saws are faster than worm types but not as powerful. It means that the engine is at the top of the control unit, with 45-degree gearing. In most cases, a longer, heavier saw as a Skill saw will have the advantage over a shorter, lighter saw like a circular saw. Our Top Pick for a Skill Saw The Skil 15 AMP 7-1/4′′ Circular Saw With Laser Guide is one of their most recent creations and our top pick. It has a maximum rotational speed of 5300 RPM, thanks to its 15-amp motor. You may quickly and easily switch out the blades with the included wrench and the saw’s spindle lock. Besides that, you’ll be able to make cuts as deep as 2-3/8 inches. The 24-tooth carbide blade guarantees precise cuts. Differences Between Skill and Circular Saws What are They + Uses To this day, Skil’s makes circular saws that bear the trademark “Skill saw,” which was originally known as “Skilsaw,” a tool manufacturing company. The brand Skill introduced the Model E Skilsaw in the 1930s, the first worm-driven saw. Originally, the term was used to describe a circular saw with a “worm drive,” but it has since come to refer to any sort of circular saw, including sidewinder variants. Porter Cable, a wholly different firm, invented the sidewinder variants. A serrated or abrasive spinning disc blade is used in the saw to cut through various materials when powered by hand. Unlike a corded circular saw, drill hole saw attachment and ring saw both use a rotational action. Much like any worm drive circular saw, a Skill Saw or Skilsaw can be used in the same manner. When cutting lengthy straight lines, a worm-drive circular saw is regarded as the best option because the handle is situated in a more convenient location. Even if the models are available for Skill, there are not that many options. They have become so popular that nearly every respected power tool company now produces them. If you don’t want to limit yourself to the two saws, you’ll have hundreds, if not thousands, of models you could choose from. There’s a wide range of other circular saws, so you can be sure to find what you’re looking for. Like skill saws, they can do everything a circular saw can, including deeper cuts and stock ripping. However, because they are all from the same manufacturer, your options may be limited. Circular models with more advanced features, such as a wider bevel angle, allow for wider bevel cuts and are currently available on the market. Most woodworkers agree that Skil Saw products are the kind of equipment you can expect to keep in your workstation for a good number of years because of their heavy-duty build. This brand has a lengthy history, and the truth that it is still a popular choice shows that many customers believe in the products they sell. A saw’s quality mostly depends on the manufacturer you purchase from. Skil circular saws are generally more expensive vs. circular saw models made by other brands. While several models from various manufacturers sell for as little as $50, you’ll need to invest at least $100 to buy a Skill saw model. Keep in mind that the price of your saw is largely determined by the store where you buy it and the saw’s size and model. |Definition||Brand of hand-held circular saw||Power saw type| |Quality||Heavy-duty, very durable||Depends on brand and model| |Cost||Expensive||Inexpensive circular saw models| Circular Saw Buying Guide There are two types of circular saws: corded and cordless. In the corded model, amperage is used to measure power. Models with a 15-amp rating are the norm. For seldom use, the best are those with a power rating of 10 to 15 amps. Choose a saw with an adequate power rating to get the most out of your cutting. Portability and Design In terms of portability, a handheld circular saw is more convenient because you can carry it from one location to another. Corded or Cordless? Both corded and cordless saws can produce the best cuts for a wide range of projects. Although the corded models offer a continuous power source, a cordless model can offer better portability. You must handle every piece of equipment with caution. However, it’s advisable to go for a recognized brand such as a Skill saw, which has a strong reputation and a long history, instead of choosing any regular circular saw from different brands. It’s also essential to choose a brand that specifies safety measures. Always be cautious while using one or seek assistance from an expert in this field. The saw you choose will also be heavily determined by your budget. Different prices for saws are wide, owing to various brands and features. Determine which product is worth your money by comparing costs and the different materials. Customer reviews might give you a sense of the saw’s real-world performance. If you’re looking for a professional or beginner circular saw, read on its features and make an educated selection about which saw to buy by reading this guide. Now that you know the difference between a skill saw vs. circular saw, you can choose what is best for your woodworking project. Skill is the best circular saw brand if you are looking for a product that has been well tested and proven. However, if you want a less expensive saw, there are many options. - What is the Best Wood Sealer for Cedar? (2023) - May 27, 2023 - Woodworking Statistics and Demographics - May 26, 2023 - What is the Best Paint Sprayer for Furniture? (2023) - May 25, 2023 零信任网络新疆体育彩票 传统上,组织寻求通过VPN(虚拟专用网络)实现上述内容。使用VPN是一种策略,可确保通过安全隧道安全新疆体育彩票,该安全隧道将用户设备链接到企业的网络和其中的资源。然而,VPN遭受了ZTNA完全避难的许多问题。拥有用户“VPN”介绍延迟,妨碍了生产力,可能难以组织,并授予用户完全新疆体育彩票网络和其上的一切 - 这违反了零信任的原则。幸运的是,ZTNA是可扩展的,保留用户体验,并授予对特定应用而不是整个网络的新疆体育彩票。 BitGlass'Ztna. BitGlass为Ztna提供独特,强大的方法。 BitGlass'无代理解决方案 通过将组织的单点登录(SSO)解决方案联系,消除了对端点上的VPN和软件安装的需求。当用户通过SSO进行身份验证,以便新疆体育彩票房屋或托管的自定义应用程序 基础设施 - AS-A-Service(IAAS) 平台,BitGlass插入流量路径。一旦用户通过SSO - 和多因素身份验证认证,如果组织想要额外的安全性 - 并且他们的流量是由Bitlass无政府代理的,那么他们就可以新疆体育彩票受保护的应用程序和数据。不被视为以这种方式被视为可信赖的用户未被授予新疆体育彩票权限。除了上述外,BitGlass还能够强制执行粒度安全策略,包括 加密 和 实时数据丢失预防(DLP),进一步提高安全性。 想要了解有关BitGlass如何保护您的组织的更多信息?请求下面的演示。 抗日战争初期,日本鬼子军队所向披靡,为了阻挡日军的步伐,国民党的领头人蒋介石为了阻挡日军突进武汉的步伐,于是选择炸开黄河的堤坝,使得洪水成为阻挡日军的壁垒。当时在民间逃难的民众中则有着一个传说,那就是蒋介石炸黄河看到蛟龙,惊扰了龙神。 蒋介石炸黄河看到蛟龙 黄河花园口决堤事件是中国抗日战争三大惨案之一,初次是在中牟县境内大堤较薄的赵口,但是这里流沙太多并没有打开黄河的缺口。于是选择了在花园口使用爆破的手法,蒋介石亲自前往监督。 最后部队炸开了黄河的河提,形成了大量的黄泛区,为抗日战争赢得了宝贵的时间,但是也造成了黄河周边出现了成千上万的灾民。甚至蒋介石炸黄河看到蛟龙,蒋介石内心震动,难道是得罪了黄河的保护神! 花园口诀提时间过后,回到指挥部的蒋介石因此大病一场,而当时的国民政府对遇见蛟龙时间,也是三缄其口。没有一个人敢提起这件事情,蒋介石也对自己的这种作法有后悔之意,在抗战胜利后,就组织人员堵上了黄河的决口。 蒋介石看到蛟龙是真的吗 后来蒋介石在内战之中一败涂地,退守台湾之后,要不是有美国的航母舰队在身后撑腰,台湾也早就被中国拿下了。而蒋介石在台湾也是郁郁寡欢,虽然活到很大岁数,但是依然对于蒋介石炸黄河看到蛟龙感到后悔,可能就是因为这件事才导致自己问鼎中原失败。 后来在宋美龄的日记中也提到了蒋介石,去往黄河炸毁河提的事件,但是里面并没有提到蛟龙的字样,只提到蒋介石看到河中大物后大病了一场,关于宋美龄所说的怪物,究竟是不是传说中的蛟龙,时至今日却无从考证。 黄河花园口决堤事件 在花园口决堤事件后,黄河中上游地区迎来了雨季。黄河的洪水像脱缰野马一样涌现到中原大地上面,而且花园口决堤事件是国民党的秘密行动,当时黄河周边的居民是没有接到通知的。于是滚滚洪水来临,黄河中下游平原变成了一片泽国。 据统计在、豫、皖、苏三省的洪水泛滥区的居民,就有89.3万人在无情的洪水中丧命。而没有失去生命的居民,更是连家都没有了,超过1200万人流离失所。而且洪水泛滥,导致耕地报废,豫东地区大饥荒,没有粮食的民众饿死遍......【查看全文】 结语:就算蒋介石炸黄河看到蛟龙是假的,但是蒋介石人为制造出来的洪水事件,依然导致了惊人的伤亡,超过千万人流离失所。作出如此伤天害理的事情,蒋介石在中国谋求的利益会失败也是理所当然! How can soils be better protected and used in a more sustainable manner? Which conditions have to be met to ensure that farmers across the world get long-term and secure access to agricultural land, an important prerequisite for using soils in a gentle and sustainable manner? These issues were at the centre of the 14th GFFA, which this year too was held as a virtual event, running from the 24th to the 28th January. A panel of experts organised by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) discussed the issue of how competition for the use of soils could be transformed in a manner enabling integrative use. In her introductory address to the panel debate on the 25th January, Bärbel Kofler, State Secretary at the BMZ, demanded that agricultural production become more sustainable, while natural resources had to be protected. Soil conservation and maintaining the natural resources for sustainable food production was one of the items addressed Sustainable Development Goal 15. SDG15 – life on land – contains the commitment to “Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably, manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.” Much had been achieved over the past six years, although there were still problems with implementation, Kofler stated. German development cooperation was promoting the transformation of the agricultural sector into an agro-ecological mode of production with reductions in the use of synthetic fertiliser and pesticides, the State Secretary explained. In this context, Germany was cooperating closely with local groups and was also basing its project activities on the traditional knowledge and knowhow of local farmers. Kofler estimates that in this manner, a better and more sustainable food base could be created for around 1.3 billion people in rural areas in Africa and Asia. Protecting soil as a natural resource was also the aim of the considerable effort which the Federal Government was making in the context of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), the State Secretary stressed. According to estimates by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), around 600 million hectares of farmland was lost each year through degradation and desertification, Kofler maintained. In the context of the UNCCD, major efforts were being made to reclaim productive land, also through large-scale afforestation measures such as the Great Green Wall in Africa. Particularly with regard to women, there could be no sustainable agricultural production without land rights, the State Secretary stressed in the GFFA panel debate, for without land titles, no investing in agriculture was possible. This was why the implementation of the Voluntary Guidelines on Tenure (VGGT) was a further focal topic of German development cooperation. Dr Susanne Neubert, Director of the Seminar for Rural Development at Humboldt University Berlin/Germany, referred to a trilemma of land use. This trilemma could only be overcome by achieving climate change mitigation, halting the dramatic loss of biodiversity and solving the global food crisis. In this context, she stressed that these challenges were competing with each other. And here, what counted was to develop an integrative approach in land use. Neubert proposes five strategies to achieve this, the first of them being the restoration of terrestrial ecosystems such as forests, wetlands and grasslands. Furthermore, around 30 per cent of the Earth’s surface should be designated as conservation areas. The third item Neubert referred to was promoting a comprehensive ecological transformation in the form of an integrated landscape approach. Examples the scientist mentioned here included fish-rice systems or agroforestry. Fourthly, guidelines ought to be developed for a planetary health diet. And finally, Neubert referred to shaping the bioeconomy, e.g. via using and storing biomass. Implementing these strategies also requires change agents as pioneers of new forms of sustainable land cultivation, pro-active model states showing the way forward with new sustainability standards or subsidies for the sustainable use of land. At global level, Neubert called for a “Global Land Summit” and closer cooperation with international agricultural research, and last but not least, support for closer collaboration with like-minded states. Achieving Die SDG 15 is also focused on by the UNCCD’s Global Mechanism. Its managing director Louise Baker stressed in the GFFA panel debate that the appreciation of soil as a natural resource was undergoing a change and pointed to the various regional initiatives such as the setting up of the African Great Green Wall, the implementation of which was also being supported by the private sector, for reclaiming arable land was an important investment in secure global food supply. Baker hopes that support for regional initiatives will continue, and that these will be able to contribute to the goal of regenerating around a billion hectares of land over the next few years will be achieved by 2030. She emphasised that 128 UNCCD member states had already formulated their targets. Author: Angelika Wilcke, editor, Rural 21, DLG-Verlag GmbH, Frankfurt/Main, Germany [email protected] +91 7940069459 iPad应用程序商店应用程序支持横向和纵向模式。它还带回了折叠的想法及其公开链接“更多”。这样,iPad的应用程序商店应用程序的格式就更类似于iTunes的传统显示屏。 Das infomedia Pvt.Ltd。为企业和个人提供创新的解决方案。我们的解决方案将提高效率,质量,上市时间,我们的目标是为客户创造投资回报率。我们看到客户的增长。由于我们的响应能力和优质的服务,我们在外包业务方面取得了巨大的增长。当我们在供应链中向上发展时,我们发现我们的主要优势是创新,及早采用新技术和训练有素的团队。 La teoria delle finestre rotte è stata formulata da James Wilson e George Kelling nel 1982. Secondo questa teoria, se qualcuno ha rotto il vetro in casa e nessuno ne ha inserito uno nuovo,
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者之间不存在劳动合同关系; (2)劳动合同关系存在于劳务派遣机构与劳动者之间,由劳务派遣机构承担雇主责任; (3)劳动力给付的事实发生于劳动者与用工单位之间; (4)实际用工单位与劳务派遣机构签订《劳务派遣协议》。 劳务派遣服务可以跨地域、跨行业进行,包含长期派遣、短期派遣、转移派遣、试用派遣、项目派遣等多种形式。 劳务派遣对企业有什么好处? 从企业用人角度来看,可以把员工矛盾转化,风险少化。规避劳动纠纷,维护用人单位信誉 ,被派遣用人单位与劳务派遣人员工之间没有劳动合同关系,被派遣员工的劳动关系隶属于外包公司。这样,作为被派遣用人单位避免了与被派遣人员劳动纠纷的发生,从而大大节省被派遣用人单位的管理精力,使其专心于事业本身的发展。其专业性、规模性和服务性助于有效化解劳动(人事)纠纷。 罗马生态酒店是个环保的酒店.它提供免费自助停车场和按摩浴缸并距离花市广场4.2公里. 离酒店到圣彼得大教堂大概有3.2公里. 酒店距离罗马城市中心仅6公里。 客房 酒店拥有25间现代的客房。这些客房提供奇妙的花园景色。 客房提供付费电视,暖气,免费无线网络,DVD播放机和壁橱。 饮食 酒店位于很好的位置,距离提供意大利菜的Zaza Osteria仅5分钟的步行。 服务 罗马生态酒店提供保险箱,行李寄存和免费私人停车场,也提供班车服务,24小时服务台服务和报刊服务。 因特网 整个酒店免費提供无线上网。 客户停车 现场免费提供私人酒店停车。 |Yazar|| : ||Sadi Somuncuoğlu| |İsbn|| : ||975338601X |Yayın Tarihi|| : ||2004| |Ölçü|| : ||0 x 0 cm| |Yayınevi|| : ||Akçağ| Patrikhane ve 551 Yıllık Hesap Yunan'ın, merkezi İstanbul'da olan Bizans - Yunan İmparatorluğu düşü, ya Yunan kültürel ve ekonomik egemenliği sağlanıp, Osmanlı'nın içten yıkılmasıyla ya da dışardaki Yunanlıların üzerinde yaşadıkları toprakları almasıyla gerçekleşecekti. Çünkü İstanbul Yunanistan'a kuvvetli bağlarla bağlanmadıkça Yunan milleti ülküsüne erişemeyecekti. Pontus'ta kurulacak devlet ise Ermenistan ve Gürcistan'la işbirliği yapıp, İslamlığa ve gerektiğinde Rus emperyalizmine karşı sağlam bir engel oluşturacaktı. İngiltere'nin hesapları ise düşten öteydi. 6 Ocak 1920'de İngiliz Bakanlar Kurulu'na sunulan "Yakın Doğu ve Anadolu Projesi"nde neler yoktu ki; Türkler İstanbul'dan çıkarılınca yeni Türk devletinin başkenti Konya mı, Bursa mı olmalı, Sultan'a İstanbul'da İslamlığın Vatikan'ı gibi özel bir bölge verilmeli mi, Türkiye'nin siyasal merkezi ile manevi merkezi ayrılmalı mı, Ayasofya Camii; kilise mi, cami mi, yoksa bir müze mi olmalıdır?.. İngiltere'ye göre, Paris Fransız, Londra Britanyalı, Roma İtalyan'dı ama İstanbul Türk değildi. ABD de, yıllarca süren incelemelerden sonra Türklerin Avrupa'daki varlıklarına son verilmesi gerektiğine inanmıştı... Bu büyük projeler birleşmiş, 20. yüzyılın süper gücü İngiltere'nin başbakanı Lloyd George, Yunanistan'a, "Çölleri aşması, kayalardan toplanmış kudret helvasıyla yaşaması ve bugünün çetin sınavından geçmesi halinde 'Vadedilmiş Topraklar'ı kazanabileceği" taahhüdünde bulunmuştu... TK Leigh farklı atasözü arsenik Tracy Leigh Kellam güzel Mess serisi atom numarası USA Today çok satan yazar 49 aslen New England'dan birkaç sıradışı eserlere ek olarak o bugün neşeli Güney Kaliforniya'da yaşıyor onun economise pleasant kızı ve III kedileri ile onun veri işlemcisinin yüzüne implante edilmediğinde uzakta yazıyor Oer 100 ücretsiz arkadaşlık sitesi yirmi dolar bill fulls ve alir Bir zamanlar İndiyum Hollywood'da film çekiminden uzaklaşan Leo, Fransa'nın Antibes kentinde bir yatta 100 ücretsiz arkadaşlık sitesi Camila ve annesi ile soğutuldu. Söylemeye gerek yok, beyzbol şapkaları ve hoodies bir görünüm yaptı. به گزارش اسپوتنیک، از جمله در یکی از نامه های ارسالی کلینتون به جان پودستا در اوت 2014 از این مطلب صحبت شده بود. در این نامه از اوضاع در عراق و سوریه و همچنین مبارزه با داعش صحبت شده بود. کلینوتن از جمله درباره ضرورت استفاده از امکانان دیپلماتیک و اطلاعاتی آمریکا "برای وارد کردن فشار بر دولتهای قطر و عربستان سعودی" نوشته بود که "به داعش و دیگر گروه های رایکال سنی در منطقه" کمک های مالی و مادی ـ فنی می رسانند". یادآور می شود روز دوشنبه 5 ژوئن مصر، عربستان، بحرین و امارات عربی متحده ضمن متهم کردن قطر به حمایت از تروریسم و برهم زدن ثبات در خاور میانه روابط دیپلماتیک خود با قطر را قطع کردند. Nestlé sotto accusa in Francia per un caso concernente il bisfenolo A hm, ats 13.10.2021 - 10:00 In Francia l'Autorità della concorrenza accusa decine di aziende – fra cui alcune filiali di Nestlé – di aver nascosto al pubblico la presenza di bisfenolo A o di suoi sostituti negli imballaggi alimentari. L'unità amministrativa punta il dito su 101 imprese e 14 organizzazioni professionali: «le entità in questione sono accusate di essersi accordate per non comunicare la presenza o la composizione di certi materiali a contatto con i prodotti alimentari, a danno dei consumatori», si legge in un comunicato diramato ieri. Il bisfenolo A è una sostanza chimica utilizzata nella fabbricazione della plastica, classificata dall'Agenzia nazionale francese per la sicurezza alimentare (Anses) come perturbatore endocrino, capace di interferire con il sistema ormonale. È stato vietato in Francia dal 2015 nei contenitori per alimenti e dal 2020 negli scontrini di vendita. Da parte sua in una breve presa di posizione odierna Nestlé fa sapere che contesterà formalmente gli addebiti. La multinazionale alimentare elvetica aggiunge che le accuse mosse alle sue filiali fanno pensare a un ruolo minore del gruppo nella vicenda. Una valutazione del potenziale impatto finanziario del caso non è attualmente possibile. hm, ats Origin Protocol正在建立一个平台,能够创建许多去中心化的市场,允许买家和卖家在区块链上直接连接和交易。该公司正在使用以太坊区块链和IPFS建立一套协议、开发者库和一个去中心化的应用程序,最初的重点是颠覆共享经济市场 Origin Protocol正在向OGN持有者、OUSD持有者和OUSD流动性提供者空投总计100万的OGV。随机快照将从7月5日开始到7月12日。2022. 持有OGN满7天的用户将有资格获得空投。在2021年1月至快照日期之间持有OUSD的用户或在快照日期之前为Curve或Convex上的OUSD货币对提供流动性的用户也将有资格获得空投。 空投指南 - 在快照日期前在私人钱包或支持的交易所中持有OGN。 - 你可以从Binance购买OGN。 - 随机快照将从2022年7月5日至7月12日开始拍摄。 - 持有OGN满7天的用户将有资格获得空投。 - 支持OGV空投的交易所将在快照开始前一周公布。 - 在2021年1月至快照日期之间持有OUSD的用户也将有资格获得OGV空投。 - 在Curve或Convex上为OUSD货币对提供流动性的用户,直到快照日期也有资格获得空投。 - 在私人钱包中持有符合条件的硬币的用户需要通过一个链接申请OGV,该链接将在接近代币发行时公布。抵押的OGN持有人也有资格。 - 符合条件的持有人将有90天时间来认领他们的OGV。在此之后,无人认领的OGV将被烧毁。 - 关于空投的更多信息,请看这篇Medium文章。 Lobenbach is a hamlet near Stein on the Kocher River in Baden, Germany, the seat of a Mennonite congregation in the 19th century which met alternately here and in Lautenbach near Neckarsulm. Lobenbacherhof is first mentioned as a congregation in A. Huntzinger's Religions-, Kirchen- und Schulwesen der Mennoniten (Speyer, 1830) as having three families with 20 persons. In 1857, according to J. Mannhardt's Namens-Verzeichnis, it had 40 baptized members, with Christian Funk of Kochendorf as preacher. In 1888 Mannhardt's Jahrbuch calls the congregation Lautenbach-Lobenbach with Heinrich Landes as elder (1885-1918) with 52 baptized members. By 1904 it was called Lobenbach-Heilbronn in the Gemeinde-Kalender, and by 1915 Heilbronn alone. Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. Mennonitisches Lexikon. Frankfurt & Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe; Schneider, 1913-1967: II, 674. |Author(s)||Harold S Bender| Cite This Article Bender, Harold S. "Lobenbach (Baden-Württemberg,Germany)." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1957. Web. 13 Mar 2014. http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Lobenbach_(Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg,Germany)&oldid=83295. Bender, Harold S. (1957). Lobenbach (Baden-Württemberg,Germany). Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 13 March 2014, from http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Lobenbach_(Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg,Germany)&oldid=83295. Herald Press website. ©1996-2014 by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved. Bagan archaelogical zone Bagan was the capital of the Kingdom of Pagan from the 9th to the 13th centuries. This kingdom was the first to unify the area that is now Myanmar, establishing the Burmese culture and ethnicity, as well as Theravada Buddhism, in the region. Over this period of rule, as the city and kingdom grew in influence and stature, over 10,000 temples were built on the plains surrounding the capital next to the Irrawaddy River. After Mongol invasions eventually led to the fall of the Kingdom of Pagan, the city was reduced to a small settlement, never to recover its former glories. The area did, however, remain a destination for Buddhist pilgrimage. A few hundred temples were added between the 13th and 20th centuries, but the extensive earthquake damage over the years means that only 2200 temples remain, in varying states of repair. Indeed, over the last 500 years many of the existing temples have been renovated – a process that, continuing to this day, has yielded mixed results. It is said to be due to the government’s insensitive ‘updates’ in the 1990s (including a golf course and modern watch tower) that Bagan has not attained UNESCO World Heritage site status, although it is once again being considered. But the area is large enough, and there remains so much of what is original still to see, that none of this stops the temples of Bagan being a unique wonder to behold. 这家总部位于美国的公司声称,维珍银河太空船首次在船上载着第三名机组人员,这是三个月来第二次触及太空边缘,达到了迄今为止最高的速度和高度 处女银河,处女银河宇宙飞船,宇宙飞船新高度,航天器,宇宙飞船,宇宙飞船,处女银河空间访问,处女银河空间 宇宙飞船VSS Unity是第五颗维珍银河超音速火箭,为试飞提供动力。(图片来源:Virgin Galactic) 这家总部位于美国的公司声称,维珍银河号航天器在三个月内第二次触及太空边缘,达到了迄今为止最高的速度和高度,并首次携带第三名机组人员。 宇宙飞船VSS Unity--第五次维珍银河超音速火箭动力试飞 - 也载有美国宇航局的研究有效载荷。 该公司在一份声明中表示,首席飞行员Dave Mackay和副驾驶迈克尔马苏奇成为商业宇航员和太空中的第569和第570人。 维珍银河首席宇航员教练贝丝摩西作为第三名机组人员首次对机舱动力学进行现场评估。 其SpaceShipTwo火箭飞船的超音速试飞是2014年坠毁以来的第一次。 摩西成为第571名飞往太空的人,也是第一位乘坐商业宇宙飞船的女性。 除了这个信封扩展元素之外,VSS Unity的飞行速度也比以往任何时候都高,因为它的世界纪录保持型混合火箭发动机以3.04马赫的速度将太空船推向了295,007英尺的远地点。 船员们从空间的黑色天空中享受了非凡的地球景观,并且在几分钟的失重状态下。摩西自由浮动完成了许多客舱评估测试点。 Virgin Galactic在一份声明中表示,人体验证以前通过传感器收集的数据,以及机舱内部其他物理元素的实时测试,是提供安全但愉快的客户体验的基础。 “在两个多月的时间内将同一辆车安全地飞向太空并返回两次,同时扩大飞行范围,这证明了我们在维珍银河和宇宙飞船公司组织中建立的独特能力,” Virgin Galactic的创始人理查德布兰森说。 در مرحله پرداخت نهایی سطوح حفره های قالب به ویژه در کاربرد ماشینکاری سریع (HSM)، هدف دستیابی به دقت هندسی و ابعادی خوب است و در کنار آن کاهش یا حذف مرحله پولیش کاری دستی. لذا بایستی با انتخاب درست پارامترهای ماشینکاری، به صافی سطح مطلوب دست پیدا کرد. برای محاسبه صافی سطح، ابتدا می توان با توجه به عدد زبری سطح مورد نیاز، میزان عمق چاله های حاصل از عمق بار جانبی (h) را از طریق فرمول زیر محاسبه کرده، از طریق آن مقدار ae را بدست آورد. در فرمول زیر: - R شعاع ابزار سرکروی است. - پارامتر h در نرم افزار CATIA با عنوان Scallop height شناخته می شود. - پارامتر ae (عمق بار جانبی) در نرم افزار CATIA با عنوان Stepover شناخته می شود. یکی از پرسشهایی که در این زمینه وجود دارد این است که پیشروی را چه عددی بایستی انتخاب کرد؟ به عنوان یک رابطه سرانگشتی بهتر است fz=ae در نظر گرفته شود. پیشروی (F) از ae با فرمول زیر محاسبه می شود که در آن n دور اسپیندل و z تعداد لبه های ابزار است: F = n x fz x z استفاده از رابطه fz=ae مزایای زیر را به دنبال خواهد داشت (به شکل زیر توجه شود): - سطحی بسیار صاف و هموار و یکنواخت در تمام جهات - آسانی پولیش کردن سطحی با بافت متقارن، با توجه به داشتن نقاط قله و دره با توزیع فواصل یکسان و متقارن - زمان ماشینکاری کوتاه و رقابتی - افزایش سطح بارپذیری حفره قالب و در نتیجه افزایش عمر قالب منبع: راهنمای کاربری شرکت سندویک sandvik If the panel is rectangular - or at least one with multiple straight sides - you can use short battens of the length of the sides. Nail or screw them down to a board so that about one half of the panel is contained. So if it is a rectangle, two sides will be enough. If it is six-sided ,three pieces would do. For ease of assembly, a copy of the cartoon should be fastened to the board first and then the battens fixed on top of the cartoon. The pieces can then be placed against battens and held there with pins or nails until the next pieces are ready. Some prefer to tack solder the pieces together as they foil. This can be done in combination with the use of battens. However, leaving the soldering iron idling while foiling and using it only occasionally is very hard on the iron's tip and your electricity bill. I prefer to assemble the whole and then
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Özellikle genç kadınlarda görülen demir eksikliğinin menstürasyon döneminde artan kan kaybından kaynaklandığını ifade etti. Dr. Duran, anemi problemiyle mücadelede doğal beslenmenin önemine de dikkat çekerek, "Kansızlık sorunu için faydalı olduğu bilinen doğal ürünler bulunmakta" dedi. Pekmez, tahin helvası, kuru incir, kırmızı et gibi demir açısından zengin gıdaların anemiye iyi geldiğini belirtti. Ek olarak kuru üzüm, kabuklu deniz ürünleri, sakatat, çilek, muz gibi meyvelerin de kan yapımını desteklediğini sözlerine ekledi. Aneminin tanısının klinik muayene ve tam kan sayım testi ile konulduğunu, hemoglobin seviyesinin normalin altındaki değerlerin anemiye işaret ettiğini anlatan Duran, tam kan sayımı sonucunun aneminin türünü belirlemede de kullanıldığının altını çizdi. The humanities or studia humanitatis are connected through their study of the human environment, its diverse heritage, traditions, and history. They explore how we communicate with each other and how our ideas and thoughts on the human experience are expressed and interpreted. They help us think about and respond to the world and give us tools to examine and make sense of our lives. Focusing on the big questions, both contemporary and perennial, these disciplines engage students in civic life, locally and globally, while equipping them to face the challenges of the future. Travel & study opportunities complement classrooms. Students learn through hands-on opportunities. The "Write Place" & Language Learning Lab Our primary job onboard is standing watch. The Robert C. Seamans uses the modified Swedish watch system to divide our days into five blocks of time. The two daytime watches are six hours long, and the three night watches are four hours long. Students, mates, and assistant scientists are divided into three teams, allowing each team to rotate through all five watches every three days. The watch system takes some getting used to. As around half our work is completed during hours of darkness, the division between night and day has lost much of its importance. We eat, sleep, and work at all hours. Captain Pamela said she feels that each “day” ends up taking 72 hours, the time needed to rotate through all watch times. This means that the days run together into a patchwork of darkness, dawn, high noon, and evenings playing music on the quarterdeck. This unique schedule also means that our watch groups are the nuclear families of the larger shipboard community. Though we have an all-hands meeting for afternoon class each day, it is sometimes difficult to interact with members of other watches. This division leads to friendly competition between watch groups, and watches were put to the test by this afternoon’s “line chase”. On a ship, ropes that do work are called lines. The Seamans has lines for lifting sails and handling sails, controlling sampling nets, and raising and lowering the small skiffs. In total, there are 83 lines on the boat! The line chase pitted watches against each other in a relay race to identify lines. The line chase began with the three watches lined up on the back deck. The first member of each watch was handed an index card with the name of a line, and then other members of the team were allowed to call “warmer” and “colder” to help guide their teammate to the correct line. Once the line was identified, the student walked back to tag off their next teammate. Running was not allowed for safety’s sake, and racers caught running were required to crab walk all the way back to the team members. The deck of line cards also contained a few wild cards. In one instance, the card mandated that the student tell a pickup line to someone in order to identify the correct line. The game ended when a member of B watch (my watch!) received a card ordering “congo line”, at which the students danced around the ship in victory. While memorizing the location and function of all 83 lines was arduous, it will enable us to better function as a team of sailors. We do not use lights on deck at night, so it’s critical that we can quickly and unthinkingly find lines. The better we know our lines, the more readily we can take down sails in a wind gust or storm. Our ability to effectively manage sails will give Captain Pamela the confidence to set more sails, allowing us to sail faster. For now, we’ll continue our way south, with an anticipated arrival at Palmyra Atoll on Monday evening. Medical Definition of artesunate : an antimalarial drug C19H28O8 that is a semisynthetic, water-soluble, derivative of artemisinin taken orally or administered by intramuscular or intravenous injection Artemisinin is made from the leaves of the Chinese wormwood shrub, and the drugs artesunate and artemether are derivatives known to kill the parasites that cause malaria.—Janet Raloff , Science News, 16 June 2007 ◆When used orally, artesunate is typically combined with another antimalarial drug, such as mefloquine or amodiaquine. —compare artemether Seen and Heard What made you want to look up artesunate? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible). Ericka Hart isimli kadına 2014 yılında, 28 yaşındayken meme kanseri teşhisi konuldu. Bir De iki memesinde de vardı. Mastektomi yaptıran aktivist, sosyal ağ hesabında göğsündeki izleri gururla sergiliyor. Kendini garip bir kanser savaşçısı olarak tanımlayan Ericka dünyaya, kanseri yenen bir kadından fazlası olduğunu belli olmak istiyor. Kanserin izlerini gururla taşıyor içeriğini okuyorsunuz. Kaynak: http://www.milliyet.com.tr/kanserin-izlerini-gururla-tasiyor-pembenar-galeri-kadinsagligi-2522948/ The tree of life, mentioned in the books of Genesis and Revelation, is a life-giving tree created to enhance and perpetually sustain the physical life of humanity. The tree was planted by God in the Garden of Eden: “The LORD God made all kinds of trees grow out of the ground—trees that were pleasing to the eye and good for food. In the middle of the garden were the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil” (Genesis 2:9). The centrally located tree of life would have been easily accessible to Adam and Eve from any point in the garden. More details concerning the tree of life come after Adam and Eve’s sin: “The LORD God said, ‘The man has now become like one of us, knowing good and evil. He must not be allowed to reach out his hand and take also from the tree of life and eat, and live forever’” (Genesis 3:22). In his disobedience, Adam lost his eternal life. The tree of life in Eden must have had some role to play in maintaining the life of Adam and Eve (and possibly the animals). Adam would “live forever,” even in his fallen condition, if he had eaten the tree of life after his sin. God placed a sword-wielding cherub at the entrance to the garden specifically “to guard the way to the tree of life” (verse 24). It seems access to the tree of life would have prolonged Adam’s physical life indefinitely, dooming him to an eternity in
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= 0.04; r2 = 0.14). Perchlorate dose in urine showed a similar increase with categories of perchlorate concentration (using natural breaks in perchlorate distribution) in consumed produce (Figure 3) (nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.03). Each 10 ppb of perchlorate in produce was associated with a 1% increase in log perchlorate dose (p = 0.09; r2 = 0.13). In this study of perchlorate exposure among Imperial County residents, we found perchlorate exposure doses that were, on average, 70% higher than the NHANES U.S. reference population (Table 3). Although all study participants had measurable perchlorate levels in their urine, none of the exposure doses exceeded the U.S. EPA reference dose of 0.70 μg/kg/day. We also compared perchlorate exposure estimates with the acceptable daily dose (0.37 μg/kg/day) derived by using current methodology of the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Three study participants had perchlorate exposure dose estimates in excess of this acceptable daily dose. The health implications of this perchlorate exposure are unknown. The developing fetus is thought to be a particularly sensitive life stage for perchlorate exposure . Measurement of perchlorate in amniotic fluid confirms that perchlorate can cross the placenta . Therefore, we further examined perchlorate exposure in the 48% of our study population who were women of reproductive age. We found that 1 of these women exceeded the acceptable daily dose calculated by using OEHHA methodology. Among the 15 women of reproductive age in our study, 10 (75%) had low iodine intake (below the RDI). Continued perchlorate exposure above the OEHHA threshold among these women could increase their risk of subclinical hypothyroidism, which has been linked to subtle cognitive defects in children. To what degree perchlorate exposure contributes to the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (2%–3%) in women of reproductive age is unknown . Perchlorate exposure is of health concern because perchlorate inhibits uptake of iodine, which is essential for thyroid function. Thiocyanate (elevated after exposure to cyanide in tobacco smoke, for example) and nitrate may interact with perchlorate in an additive fashion that also inhibits iodine uptake . The levels of thiocyanate and nitrate found in this study were comparable to or lower than levels found previously in other populations . We also evaluated urinary levels of iodine in this population. The geometric mean for iodine was found to be 158 μg/day, indicating a generally adequate intake of iodine. If a person's estimated iodine intake was less than the recommended daily intake of 150 μg/day, then he or she was advised to increase iodine intake through diet or by taking iodine-containing supplements. Additionally, for study participants who chose to add salt to their food, we mentioned iodized salt in small amounts as an effective iodine source. We did not find that the drinking water samples collected in the 24-hr study period had significant levels of perchlorate. Only 2 samples had detectable levels (>1 μg/L detection limit), and both were below the Maximum Contaminant Limit (6 μg/L) for California. Conversely, we found several samples of produce consumed by participants to have high levels of perchlorate, notably nopales (opuntia cactus) and quelites, with levels exceeding 1700 ppb. These results are consistent with other published measurements of relatively high levels of perchlorate in opuntia cactus . Perchlorate levels in some produce tested, such as cantaloupe, grapefruit, pepper, broccoli, and lemon, are in the same range as levels that have been reported previously , , and others, including watermelon and tomato, had lower levels than previously detected. We found moderate perchlorate contamination in cucumbers (439.8 ppb), similar to previously published results . Consistent with the scientific literature, we found that perchlorate dose was related to intake of dairy products and produce. Dairy products, fruits and vegetables have been characterized by other scientists as contributing significantly to perchlorate intakes , . In our study we found that each 10 ppb of perchlorate measured in produce was related to a marginally-significant 1% increase in estimated perchlorate dose (p = 0.09). Similarly we found that each serving of milk/dairy products, based on questionnaire data, was associated with a 24% increase in estimated perchlorate dose (p = 0.04). While our regression modeling indicates that dairy consumption and produce perchlorate levels are directly related to estimated perchlorate dose, these models only explained a relatively small amount of the total variance in estimated perchlorate dose in the study population (13–14%). The most plausible explanation of the low relatively R2 of our regression models is that we could not include a variable for the total intake amount of perchlorate from produce (no serving size data) and milk/dairy products (no measurement of perchlorate levels of serving size). Furthermore, the physiological half life of perchlorate in the human body (∼8 hrs) would lead to imperfect overlap between questionnaire data and perchlorate excreted into the 24-hr urine, and consumption of other food items besides local produce during the study period would introduce further variability. This study had several strengths and limitations. To our knowledge, this is the first effort to directly measure perchlorate exposure biomarkers in this population with potentially elevated exposure. In addition to perchlorate, we also measured toxicologically-related anions thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide in each study participant's urine. Our exposure assessment was further strengthened by measuring these anions in a 24-hr urine sample so that the data was less variable than spot urine measurements. Furthermore, this biomonitoring data was paired with simultaneously collected produce and drinking water samples to assist in identifying potential exposure sources. However, we were able to only assess dairy consumption through interview and were unable to directly measure perchlorate levels in dairy samples. Instead, we reference previously published perchlorate levels in dairy milk in this region . Our perchlorate dose estimate method assumed that exactly 24 hrs worth of urine was collected. Comparison of measured 24-hr creatinine with predicted 24-hr creatinine indicates that, on average, the predicted and measured creatinine excretion agree remarkably well (average ratio = 1.03). However, 1 woman excreted only 54% of the creatinine expected for her age and body weight, perhaps due to differences in lean body mass or to incomplete collection of the urine samples within the 24-hr period. Thus, our exposure estimates for this 1 study participant may be biased towards being lower than actual exposure levels. Additional limitations include the small convenience sample of study participants which prevent us from generalizing these results to Imperial County residents and the single sampling day, which did not enable us to study variability of exposure across days and seasons. Additionally, we did not examine any health or thyroid endpoints. In conclusion, we found that our sample of 31 Imperial Valley residents had higher perchlorate dose levels compared with national reference ranges. Additionally, 3 participants exceeded the acceptable daily dose calculated by using methods of the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Several produce samples collected had high perchlorate levels, exceeding 1700 ppb. Continued biomonitoring of perchlorate exposure in this population could help evaluate whether reducing perchlorate contamination of the Colorado River over time leads to reduced human exposure. We would like to thank Holly Maag at the Imperial County Public Health Laboratory for storing the urine samples and the assistance of Esther Bejarano, Veronica Hinojosa, Bianka Velez at Comité Cívico del Valle for help with interviewing participants and collecting specimen samples. Rustum Chin and Eddie Lui of the Environmental Contaminant Laboratory of the California Department of Toxic Substances and Control conducted the water analysis. Craig Steinmaus made helpful comments on methodology and interpretation. We are grateful to Alexa Wilkie for project support. The findings and conclusions of this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of CDC. Conceived and designed the experiments: PE BB LC MW SP. Performed the experiments: RA RH JX LV-B BB. Analyzed the data: PE BB LV-B RH JX. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RH BB. Wrote the manuscript: PE BB LC MW. Conducted participant recruitment and data collection: LO. - 1. Murray CW, Egan SK, Kim H, Beru N, Bolger PM (2008) US Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study: Dietary Intake of Perchlorate and Iodine. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 18(6): 571–80. - 2. Blount BC, Alwis KU, Jain RB, Solomon BL, Morrow JC, et al. (2010) Perchlorate, Nitrate and Iodide Intake through Tap Water. Environ Sci Technol 44(24): 9564–70. - 3. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) (2005) Occurrence data accessing unregulated contaminant monitoring data. Available: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/ucmr/data.html Accessed 9/10/10. - 4. Blount BC, Valentin-Blasini L, Mauldin JP, Pirkle JL, Osterloh JD (2006) Perchlorate exposure of the U.S. Population, 2001–2002. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 17(4): 400–07. doi:10.1038/sj.jes.7500535. - 5. NAS (National Academy of Science) (2005) Health Implications of Perchlorate Ingestion. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. - 6. Blount BC, Pirkle JL, Osterloh JD, Valentin-Blasini L, Caldwell KL (2006) Urinary perchlorate and thyroid hormone levels in adolescent and adult men and women living in the United States. Environ Health Perspect 114: 1865–1871. doi:10.1289/ehp.9466. - 7. Berbel P, Mestre JL, Santamaría A, Palazón I, Franco A, et al. (2009) Delayed neurobehavioral development in children born to pregnant women with mild hypothyroxinemia during the first month of gestation: the importance of early iodine supplementation. Thyroid 19(5): 511–9. - 8. Haddow JE, Palomaki GE, Allan WC, Williams JR, Knight GJ, et al. (1999) Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child. N Engl J Med 341: 549–555. - 9. Klein RZ, Sargent JD, Larsen PR, Waisbren SE, Haddow JE, et al. (2001) Relation of severity of maternal hypothyroidism to cognitive development of offspring. J Med Screen 8: 18–20. - 10. Tonacchera M, Pinchera A, Dimida A, Ferrarini E, Agretti P, et al. (2004) Relative potencies and additivity of perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide on the inhibition of radioactive iodide uptake by the human sodium iodide symporter. Thyroid 14(12): 1012–1019. - 11. De Groef B, Decallonne BR, Van der Geyten S, Darras VM, Bouillon R (2006) Perchlorate versus other environmental sodium/iodide symporter inhibitors: potential thyroid-related health effects. Eur J Endocrinol 155(1): 17–25. - 12. Sanchez CA, Blount BC, Valentin-Blasini L, Lesch SM, Krieger RI (2008) Perchlorate in the feed-dairy continuum of the southwestern United States. J Agric Food Chem Jul 9;56(13): 5443–50. - 13. Kirk AB (2006) Environmental perchlorate: why it matters. Anal Chim Acta 567(1): 4–12. Epub 27 Mar 2006. - 14. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) (2007) Method 6850. Perchlorate in water, soils, and solid wastes using high performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI/MS OR HPLC/ESI/MS/MS). Available: http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/testmethods/pdfs/6850.pdf. - 15. Krynitsky AJ, Niemann RA, Nortrup DA (2004) Determination of perchlorate anion in foods by ion chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem Sep 15;76(18): 5518–5522. - 16. Valentín-Blasini L, Blount BC, Delinsky A (2007) Quantification of iodide and sodium-iodide symporter inhibitors in human urine using ion chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1155(1): 40–46. - 17. Cockcroft DW, Gault MH (1976) Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 16(1): 31–41. doi:10.1159/000130554. - 18. Mage DT, Allen RH, Gondy G, Smith W, Barr DB, et al. (2004) Estimating pesticide dose from urinary pesticide concentration data by creatinine correction in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III). J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 14(6): 457–465. - 19. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) (2005) Perchlorate and Perchlorate Salts. Available: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/iris/subst/1007.htm Accessed 9 July 2010. - 20. OEHHA State of California. Public Health Goals for Chemicals in Drinking Water. Perchlorate. March 2004. - 21. Corder GW, Foreman DI (2009) Nonparametric Statistics for Non-Statisticians: A Step-by-Step Approach. New York: Wiley. - 22. Blount BC, Rich DQ, Valentin-Blasini L, Lashley S, Ananth CV, et al. (2009) Perinatal exposure to perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate in New Jersey mothers and newborns. Environ Sci Technol Oct 1;43(19): 7543–9. - 23. Poppe K, Velkeniers B, Glinoer D (2008) The role of thyroid autoimmunity in fertility and pregnancy. Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism 4: 394–405. doi:10.1038/ncpendmet0846. - 24. Harvey GJ (2005) Plants as bioaccumlators of perchlorate. Abstract. Paper No. 141–4. Geological Society of America. 2005 Salt Lake City Annual Meeting (16–19 October 2005). - 25. Yu L, Cañas JE, Cobb GP, Jackson WA, Anderson TA (2004) Uptake of perchlorate in terrestrial plants. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 58(1): 44–49. - 26. Murray CW, Egan SK, Kim H, Beru N, Bolger PM (2008) US Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study: dietary intake of perchlorate and iodine. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 18(6): 571–580. - 27. Sanchez CA, Barraj LM, Blount BC, Scrafford CG, Valentin-Blasini L, et al. (2009) Perchlorate exposure from food crops produced in the lower Colorado River region. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 19: 359–368. doi:10.1038/jes.2008.26. TV2'in haberine göre İçişleri Bakanlığı dün gece Üsküp'teki bir binanın dördüncü katından 21 yaşındaki bir çocuğun düştüğünü duyurdu. MIA'ya göre, çocuk ciddi şekilde yaralandı. "İhbara göre, ebeveynler dairedeyken çocuk çitle çevrili terasa çıktı ve bir sandalyeye tırmandı, ardından düştü. İçişleri Bakanlığı, "Çocuğa" Rahibe Teresa "Klinik Kompleksi'nde tıbbi yardım sağlandı ve" ciddi bedensel yaralanmalar bulundu ", diyor.21Medya A barometer is a popular weather instrument that measures atmospheric air pressure. Generally, when the pressure is high or rising, you can expect clear cool weather. And when the pressure is low or falling you can expect warmer more unsettled weather. Check your barometer in the
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塞露是通过刺激肠壁引起排便反射来帮助排便,如果经常使用,直肠被刺激次数越多,它的敏感性就越差,一旦适应了该药物将不再有反应,特别是那些大便干结且量少的患者,长期依赖开塞露排便会更困难。开塞露造成肠壁干燥,经常使用会引起习惯性便秘,也会有依赖性的。 所以避免药物,还是吃一些利便的蔬菜、水果之类的,如西瓜(最好连子一起吃下)、香蕉等。 开塞露是在有大便的感觉时用,因为开塞露用过之后5-10分钟才会起效,之后再去大便就能轻松排便了。但对于比较严重的便秘,则需要更长时间才能起效,一般不会超过30分钟。所以患者要根据自己的具体情况确定使用开塞露的时间。 另外,开塞露并不是什么时候都可以用,有些便秘患者按常规方法使用开塞露后,仍不能排便。 这主要是因为排便反射是由直肠壶腹部的神经完成的,而直肠壶腹部距肛门的距离最远可达7cm,开塞露的细端长仅3cm,按照常规方法挤入肛门内的开塞露仅能到达肛管内,对直肠的刺激作用较小,排便反射相对较弱,因此大便量多且质地相对较软的患者也许能顺利排便,而对进食量少、大便干结且量少的患者,作用就会较差或无效。 此外,开塞露主要是通过刺激肠壁引起排便反射,达到缓解便秘的作用。如经常使用,直肠对开塞露的刺激会变得越来越不敏感,因此,效果也就越差。 不良反应:外用,无不良反应。 副作用:开塞露是通过刺激肠壁引起排便反射来帮助排便,如果经常使用,直肠被刺激次数越多,它的敏感性就越差,一旦适应了该药物将不再有反应,特别是那些大便干结且量少的患者,长期依赖开塞露排便会更困难。 开塞露造成肠壁干燥,经常使用会引起习惯性便秘。也会有依赖性的。 开塞露的成分一般是甘油和山梨醇,再辅以一些其他辅料。其主要原理是利用甘油或山梨醇带来的高渗作用,让更多的水分渗入肠腔,软化大便,刺激肠壁,反射性地引起排便反应。 同时,甘油本身也能起到一定的润滑作用。因此,开塞露属于刺激性泻药,和中药里的大黄原理很相似。 开塞露效果直接,所以便秘病人滥用的情况也会较多。但实际上,刺激型泻药对肠壁的刺激作用,很可能会导致患者的依赖性,形成没有强烈刺激就不肯排便的习惯。随着使用时间的增长,肠壁对刺激的敏感性会变得越来越弱,导致开塞露再难发挥作用。 在临床上,开塞露主要用于大便嵌顿和需要迅速通便者,比如长期卧床的病人和做术前准备的病人。孕妇、儿童尤其不宜使用开塞露。 因为开塞露可能会引起局部组织的强烈收缩,造成孕妇短暂缺血,引发慢性炎症。儿童则由于肠黏膜十分娇嫩,山梨醇的刺激会影响到他们的胃肠道功能。 使用开塞露时应除去顶端胶塞,涂以油脂少许,缓慢插入肛门,然后将药液挤入直肠内,成人一次一支,儿童一次半支。注药导管的开口应光滑,以免擦伤肛门或直肠。 需要特别提醒的是,用开塞露治疗便秘只能治“标”,因此只能作为临时缓解便秘痛苦的“应急措施”,经常使用会产生依赖性。 要想从根本上防止便秘,最好是养成良好的饮食习惯及生活习惯,便秘问题应该从饮食习惯上解决,比如吃些芹菜、粗粮等纤维含量高的食品,有助于体内出现食物残渣而形成粪便;最好能保证一两天排便一次,养成规律的排便习惯。有时候,可以吃些中药辅助治疗,或在排便时用手按摩腹部都将有助于缓解便秘,开塞露等药品最好只作为临时缓解痛苦的辅助剂,而不要经常使用。 Oracle当然现在处于产品启动模式。4月30日,数据库,中间件和数据中心设备巨头启动了一个新的Zettabyte文件系统(ZFS)备份设备,以与其其他集成在一起的工程系统一起使用,包括Exadata数据库云服务器,Oracle Exalogic弹性云服务器及其SPARC SuperCluster机架服务器。 一周前,甲骨文更新了其超快速的ZFS网络附加存储系统及其主要的JD Edwards商业服务应用程序-该应用程序每隔几年要重做一次。4月9日,该公司为其StorageTek磁带系统添加了新的分析功能。 快速文件系统I / O是关键 ZFS是由Sun Microsystems作为Solaris操作系统的一部分设计的组合文件系统和逻辑卷管理器。ZFS于2004年9月发布,ZFS的源代码于2005年10月被集成到Solaris开发的主干中。ZFS是为Oracle所有数据中心硬件提供支持的文件系统。Oracle在2010年1月收购了Sun,以继承ZFS及其所有功能。 如果ZFS备份设备是机动车,那将打破速度记录。甲骨文表示,其ZFS备份设备打包了吞吐量,可以以每小时20 TB的速度备份全部工作负载,并以每小时9.4 TB的速度进行完全还原-远高于大多数其他系统公布的基准。 该设备的快速I / O移动基于唯一数据的备份,不需要其他主机侧软件或CPU资源。 自我修复架构 甲骨文还表示,该设备还具有预测性的自我修复分析功能和故障管理架构,可自动检测和诊断潜在的问题。端到端数据校验和还可以自动检查并修复损坏的数据,直至位级别。 甲骨文表示,由于它与Oracle Recovery Manager本机协同工作,并使用通过InfiniBand的TCP / IP直接连接,因此ZFS备份设备消除了对额外服务器和昂贵的第三方备份软件的需求。 ZFS备份设备有两种配置:高性能和大容量,并且已预先安装好并通过电缆连接。 به گزارش «شیعه نیوز»،سرهنگ داود گودرزی رئیس پلیس فتا پایتخت گفت: اوایل خرداد ماه گزارشی از تیم رصد پلیس فتا، مبنی بر اینکه فردی با ایجاد کانال تبلیغاتی در شبکه اجتماعی لوازم بهداشتی و مواد ضدعفونی کننده به کاربران فضای مجازی عرضه میکند، بررسی موضوع در اختیار تیمی از کارشناسان پلیس فتا قرار گرفت. رئیس پلیس پایتخت بیان داشت: در گام اول تحقیقات پلیسی، مشخص شد مالک خط تلفن خانمی ۳۶ ساله ساکن حوالی شرق تهران است که برای بررسی موضوع وی را به پلیس فتا دعوت کردیم و مشخص شد وی با اینکه مالک خط تلفن است، اما بی اطلاع از خرید و فروش کالا در فضای مجازی و ایجاد کانال در شبکههای اجتماعی است. این مقام سایبری تصریح کرد: احتمال اینکه شماره تلفن در اختیار فرد دیگری از نزدیکان این خانم قرار داشته باشد قوت گرفت و ماموران در ادامه تحقیقات پلیسی پی بردند که خط تلفن در اختیار فرزند این خانم، به نام "امید" ۱۹ ساله است. سرهنگ گودرزی ادامه داد: با هماهنگی دادسرای مبارزه با جرایم رایانهای متهم اصلی پرونده به پلیس فتا احضار و متهم ضمن تأیید فروش کالاهای بهداشتی در فضای مجازی، مدعی شد، مطلع از این نبوده که برای فروش کالا در فضای مجازی نیاز به مجوز مربوطه است. رئیس پلیس فتا با بیان اینکه عدم اطلاع از قانون رافع مسئولیت نیست، به کاربران فضای مجازی به ویژه کسانی که قصد دارند با ایجاد کانال اقلام و کالاهایی را بفروشند، تأکید کرد: فعالیت در این فضا نیازمند مجوز فعالیت کسب و کار اینترنتی است و از طریق مرکز توسعه تجارت الکترونیک نسبت به تهیه مجوز و فعالیت خود در فضای مجازی اقدام کنند. Cosa serve: un grande pezzo di cartone, colla, colori acrilici, tante scatole di cartoncino di diverse dimensioni, tubetti di rotoli di carta igienica Tempo di preparazione: 20-25 minuti Come si fa: 1. Guardiamo nel nostro cestino della carta e peschiamo tutto ciò che potrebbe essere utile per creare un’opera d’arte: le scatole e le scatoline, rotoli di carta igienica etc. 2. Cerchiamo di posizionare tutti gli oggetti sul cartone e di fissarli con la colla. 3. Quando la colla si sarà asciugata, diamo alla nostra bambina i colori acrilici ed un pennello e lasciamole decorare questo quadro tridimensionale come preferisce. Free Online Dictionary Vapore saturo |Wikipedia Italiano L'enciclopedia libera||Download this dictionary| Vapore saturo Il vapore saturo è un vapore che si trova in uno stato di equilibrio con la fase liquida, in cui il numero di particelle che dalla fase liquida passano alla fase gassosa è uguale al numero di quelle che si condensano nel liquido; contrapposto al vapore surriscaldato che invece, portato a temperature più elevate, è puramente gassoso. |Per saperne di più visita Wikipedia.org...| The following video provides you with the correct English pronunciation of the word "Vapore saturo", to help you become a better English speaker. Questo articolo utilizza materiale tratto da Wikipedia® ed è autorizzato sotto la licenza GNU Free Documentation License You think you have ethics... Take the survey NOW! از آنجایی که نیروهای بیشتری برای خدمت در قطب شمال مستقر شدهاند، در زمستان امسال ارتش تجهیزات و تجهیزاتی را آزمایش میکند که میتوانند در برابر هوای سرد بسیار مقاوم باشند برای یک تیپ رزمی در آلاسکا. این بیانیه را داگ بوش، دستیار وزیر نیروهای مسلح آمریکا در امور اکتساب، لجستیک و فناوری بیان کرد. این تجهیزات و یونیفرم نسبت به قبل سبکتر بوده و در عین حال قابلیتهای بیشتری نیز دارد. بوش در یک میزگرد رسانه ای در کنفرانس سالانه انجمن ارتش ایالات متحده در واشنگتن دی سی گفت. ارتش ایالات متحده استراتژی قطب شمال را در سال 2021 تصویب کرد. این شامل ایجاد یک گروه ضربت چند رشته ای با مقر لشکر در منطقه قطب شمال بود و در ژوئن سال جاری، لشکر یازدهم هوابرد در آلاسکا را دوباره فعال کرد که به طور دائم در آنجا مستقر خواهد شد. قرارداد 278 میلیون دلاری نیز در ماه آگوست با BAE Systems برای ساخت یک وسیله نقلیه جدید در هوای سرد منعقد شد. قرار است چندین وسیله نقلیه 20 ساله در آلاسکا و برخی مکانهای دیگر جایگزین شود تا تحرک بیشتری در قطب شمال ایجاد کند. راشل جاکوبسون، دستیار وزیر تاسیسات، انرژی و محیط زیست گفت: علاوه بر این، پنتاگون به دنبال منابع انرژی جایگزین برای تامین انرژی تاسیسات خود در قطب شمال به عنوان بخشی از استراتژی تغییر آب و هوا است. این سرویس در استراتژی آب و هوایی خود، تولید برق بدون کربن در محل را تا سال 2040 هدف گذاری کرده است. داگ بوش بر توانایی صنعت برای فراهم کردن فرصتهایی برای سربازانی که در شرایط آب و هوایی شدید مانند قطب شمال خدمت میکنند، تاکید کرد: بخش خصوصی ممکن است نیازی به کامیونی نداشته باشد که بتواند دوره های طولانی هوای سرد را تحمل کند - اما ما به آن نیاز داریم. جالب اینجاست که در حالی که ارتش ایالات متحده در تلاش برای افزایش نفوذ خود در منطقه قطب شمال است، دولت ایالات متحده هر روز شهروندان ناراضی بیشتری را جذب می کند. واشنگتن همیشه عجله دارد تا تمام مشکلات جهان را "به نفع منافع ملی خود حل کند"، در حالی که در آن لحظه قیمت منابع انرژی و مواد غذایی در کشورشان افزایش می یابد. در ماه سپتامبر، تورم در ایالات متحده به صورت سالانه به 8,2 درصد رسید، در حالی که تورم مواد غذایی برای تعدادی از اقلام از 30 درصد گذشت. اگرچه، برای رهبران آمریکایی، سیاست خارجی همیشه راهی برای "پوشاندن" مشکلات در داخل مرزهای کشورشان است. L'InterContinental Stephen F. Austin Hotel è situato in posizione centrale nella vivace Congress Avenue, a pochi istanti dalla migliore vita notturna gay della città. Fondato nel 1924, questo hotel di lusso a molti piani ha visto i presidenti Lyndon B. Johnson, George HW Bush e George W. Bush soggiornare nelle grandi suite speciali. Insieme a innumerevoli celebrità, che frequentano regolarmente l'hotel durante il famoso festival SXSW di Austin. In loco gli ospiti possono usufruire del centro fitness aperto 24 ore su XNUMX, della piscina coperta e di due punti ristoro. Il Club InterContinental Lounge offre la colazione, mentre il Roaring Fork mescola la cucina del vecchio West con innovazioni gastronomiche moderne per pranzo e cena. piscina, centro fitness, vasca idromassaggio, massaggi, bar, ristorante, wi-fi 701 Congress Ave, Austin Inventory, lb : 0 Seeded bananas grow in bunches of 12 to 18 bananas with 5 to 7 hands or bunches per stalk. Each fruit has four distinct sides and tapers to a point at each end. The fruits can range in size from 20 to 30 centimeters long, depending on the amount of seasonal rain. The thick skins ripen from green to yellow and continue to ripen off the plant. The flesh is firm, fragrant and sweet and filled with small, rounded hard seeds. Seeded bananas are available year-round in Indonesia. Seeded bananas, otherwise known as Wild bananas or Stone bananas, are botanically classified as Musa balbisiana or Musa brachycarpa. All modern bananas and plantains are descended from this and another wild species, Musa acuminata. In Indonesia, where Seeded bananas are most likely spotted, they are referred to as Pisang Batu or Klutuk. The name Klutuk comes from the “klu-tuk” sound the seeds make against the teeth when they are eaten. Seeded bananas are high in dietary fiber, potassium, and carbohydrates. They are also a good source of vitamins A and B. Young fruits are high in tannins and saponins. Due to the number of seeds in Seeded bananas, they are not eaten like a seedless banana. Young Seeded bananas are peeled, deseeded and used to make sweet rujak, a traditional dish in Java with variations throughout Indonesia. The fruit salad is made with local cucumber, mango, carambola, apple or pear and is topped with a sweet, spicy sauce made from crushed peanuts, young Seeded banana meat, chiles, tamarind, fish sauce and sugar. Seeded bananas are thinly sliced so the stones are easily removed. Mature bananas are peeled, and the meat is separated from the seeds and used for baking and in beverages or smoothies. The local Javanese have used Seeded bananas for digestive troubles and stomach aches for centuries. Seeded bananas can be kept at room temperature for up to two weeks depending on state of maturity. Wild bananas are very important to the health of the world’s banana crop. All modern commercially grown bananas are seedless and generally of one variety, cavendish, which can only be propagated through cuttings from a mother plant. All mother plants are at risk of a disease or pest that could potentially wipe them all out. Researchers depend on the wild bananas for genetic variation and the natural disease and pest resistance they developed over thousands of years of evolution. Creating hybrid banana varieties from wild and seedless varieties allows for greater variation of the species. Seeded bananas are native to Southeast Asia, specifically Java and parts of Indonesia stretching east to the Philippines. Wild bananas like the Seeded banana were the early ancestors to the modern cavendish and other seedless varieties. In Indonesia, there is some variability among the M. balbisiana varieties like the black pseudostem of the Pisang Klutuk Wulung or Pisang
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cleaning cloth dipped in water infused with ozone, also called super-oxygenated water, to sanitize countertops, cutting boards, baby bottles and household surfaces," Hengsperger said. "The result will be a reduced dependency on traditional household cleaners that contain toxic chemicals." But are Americans ready to give up their favorite cleaners? When asked if they would be interested in a device that turns ordinary tap water into a safe, powerful disinfectant that is stronger and faster than chlorine bleach: -- 40% of respondents said they would be positively disposed to buying such a product; -- 25% said they do not believe such a device is possible, but would purchase it if it were available; and -- 18% believe it is possible and would purchase such a device. According to Hengsperger, "The water infrastructure in the U.S. is in a state of neglect and disrepair with many pipes and plants coming to the end of their useful life. Unfortunately, older systems are deteriorating at the same time federal water quality rules are being tightened. But because local budgets cannot keep pace, it's becoming increasingly important to have an extra level of protection at home that ordinary water filters alone can't provide." There are products on the way that will allow consumers to sanitize their water with ozone technology without the added expense of a whole home system, Hengsperger noted. Ozone is a safe, colorless, naturally occurring trace gas best known for serving to absorb many harmful solar UV rays in the stratosphere. Less known is that ozone is one of the most powerful natural sanitizing and disinfecting agents in the world, killing up to 99.99999999 percent of bacteria such as e-coli on contact. Because super-oxygenated water is over 50 times more powerful and over 3,000 times faster acting than chlorine bleach, it has been used as a water disinfectant in Europe since the 1800s and is used by most water bottling plants and many municipal water systems in the U.S. The Joseph P. Jensen Water Treatment Plant is the largest water treatment plant in the U.S. to employ ozone disinfection. The California plant provides up to 750 million gal of treated water each day to agencies in Ventura, Los Angeles and Orange Counties. Currently, the plant is in the process of switching its primary disinfectant from chlorine to ozone for more aesthetic water that reduces potential health concerns. This will be achieved by destroying a wider range of organisms in drinking water, removing most objectionable tastes and odors and producing fewer potentially harmful byproducts than the traditional chlorine treatment. Enerji Günlüğü - Katar, petrol piyasasının 2018 üçüncü çeyrekte dengeye gelmesini ancak üretimi kısma anlaşmasının devam etmesini bekliyor. Katar Enerji Bakanı Muhammed al-Sada, Davos'ta düzenlenen Dünya Ekonomik Forumu toplantıları sırasında yaptığı açıklamada, petrol piyasalarının 2018 üçüncü çeyrekte yeniden dengeye ulaşmasını beklediklerini söyledi. Al-Sada, "Petrol arz fazlasının büyük bölümü piyasadan çekildi, ancak OPEC üyesi ve OPEC üyesi olmayan üreticilerin işbirliğinin 2018 sonrasında da devam etmesi için hala mükemmel fırsatlar görüyorum" diye konuştu. Al-Sada ayrıca, petrol üreticilerinin sektörü yatırım akışını hedefleyebileceklerini de belirterek, "Eğer yatırım akışı sınırlı olmaya devam eder ise arz şoku yaşanması bir olasılık" dedi. By Armand Marie Leroi The New York Times London — Shortly after last year's tsunami devastated the lands on the Indian Ocean, The Times of India ran an article with this headline: "Tsunami May Have Rendered Threatened Tribes Extinct." The tribes in question were the Onge, Jarawa, Great Andamanese and Sentinelese - all living on the Andaman Islands - and they numbered some 400 people in all. The article, noting that several of the archipelago's islands were low-lying, in the direct path of the wave, and that casualties were expected to be high, said, "Some beads may have just gone missing from the Emerald Necklace of India." The metaphor is as colorful as it is well intentioned. But what exactly does it mean? After all, in a catastrophe that cost more than 150,000 lives, why should the survival of a few hundred tribal people have any special claim on our attention? There are several possible answers to this question. The people of the Andamans have a unique way of life. True, their material culture does not extend beyond a few simple tools, and their visual art is confined to a few geometrical motifs, but they are hunter-gatherers and so a rarity in the modern world. Linguists, too, find them interesting since they collectively speak three languages seemingly unrelated to any others. But the Times of India took a slightly different tack. These tribes are special, it said, because they are of "Negrito racial stocks" that are "remnants of the oldest human populations of Asia and Australia." It's an old-fashioned, even Victorian, sentiment. Who speaks of "racial stocks" anymore? After all, to do so would be to speak of something that many scientists and scholars say does not exist. If modern anthropologists mention the concept of race, it is invariably only to warn against and dismiss it. Likewise many geneticists. "Race is social concept, not a scientific one," according to Dr. Craig Venter - and he should know, since he was first to sequence the human genome. The idea that human races are only social constructs has been the consensus for at least 30 years. But now, perhaps, that is about to change. Last fall, the prestigious journal Nature Genetics devoted a large supplement to the question of whether human races exist and, if so, what they mean. The journal did this in part because various American health agencies are making race an important part of their policies to best protect the public - often over the protests of scientists. In the supplement, some two dozen geneticists offered their views. Beneath the jargon, cautious phrases and academic courtesies, one thing was clear: the consensus about social constructs was unraveling. Some even argued that, looked at the right way, genetic data show that races clearly do exist. Miss Bagnall, Miss Clarke and Mrs Lane Bumblebees will be taught by Miss Bagnall and supported by Miss Clarke and Mrs Lane. We are all very much looking forward to helping you along your learning journey and hearing all about your summer adventures! In Bumblebees, we will work hard, develop enthusiasm, and be excited to learn. This will be done through always showing exceptional learning behaviours, forming positive relationships and friendships with each other, and showing respect and support to others. To help with the transition from EYFS to Year 1, learning will continue to be done using the carousel system, adapting to their needs as they settle into a more formal way of learning. In English, children will continue to have daily phonics sessions to support them in their reading, writing, and spelling. They will continue to practise and develop neat letter formation. Throughout our English lessons we will explore a range of writing genres, starting with the high-quality text, ‘Snow White.’ Children will be taught to write narratives, letters, character descriptions and much more! Bumblebees will be taught the Year 1 grammar objectives, including punctuating sentences and joining clauses using ‘and’. We will also focus on spelling rules and plurals. Guided reading sessions will allow children opportunities to develop and discuss their own understandings of different texts. In Maths lessons, we will focus on number and place value. Bumblebees will learn to count, read, and write numbers in both numerals and words. We will continue to build on their knowledge of addition, subtraction and interpreting mathematical statements. There will be regular practise of counting in 2’s, 5’s and 10’s to support the children with their timetables in Year 2. In Science, this term, our topic will be Animals including Humans. Children will learn to identify and name a variety of common animals and compare their structures. We will learn about carnivores, herbivores, and omnivores and how we can group animals into these categories. We will look at humans and learn to name the different body parts and the senses. Geography will take place in the first half term, and we will be looking at the local area. Children will also have history, RE, PSHE, art, DT, computing, and music lessons throughout the term. PE for Bumblebees will take place on a Thursday. I am looking forward to meeting you all again and working with Bumblebees this year! If you need to contact myself or any of the team, please email the school office. دو تیم فوتبال رئال مادرید و رئال بتیس به مصاف هم می روند. کریم بنزما و جووانی لو سلسو از نگاه هواسکورد ، از بهترین بازیکنان دو تیم هستند. کریم بنزما در ۲۹ دیدار اخیر خود موفق شده است 12 گل به ثمر برساند و جووانی لو سلسو در 32 دیدار اخیر خود موفق شده است 10 گل به ثمر برساند. Un copione che si ripete, da inizio campionato. Sale l'asticella della difficoltà tecnica e la Roma smarrisce gli elementi in grado di fare invece la differenza con le piccole. Finora 7 scontri diretti con le big e zero vittorie per la Roma. In totale 3 pareggi e 4 sconfitte nelle quali ha subito 2 reti con la Juventus, 3 con la Lazio, 4 con l'Atalanta e il Napoli. Il salto di qualità tarda ad arrivare e le ripetute sconfitte nei big match sono destinate a diventare un elemento in più nelle riflessioni della nuova proprietà su Fonseca: il cui futuro sarà deciso a fine stagione. L'allenatore dovrà chiarire anche quale sarà il ruolo di Dzeko nelle prossime settimane. Se ormai è solo una riserva senza fascia, come accaduto per un'ora a Torino, oppure se è ancora centrale nelle sue scelte tecniche e ancora un valore aggiunto nella corsa Champions. تاریخ انتشار: عضو هیئت نمایندگان اتاق بازرگانی تهران گفت: با توجه به لزوم تامین مواد اولیه مورد نیاز صنایع قطعه سازی از طریق بورس کالا این صنایع برای تامین به موقع مواد اولیه با مشکل مواجه شدهاند. محمدرضا نجفیمنش با اشاره به مشکلات تامین مواد اولیه صنایع قطعه سازی خودرو، اظهار داشت: برای تهیه مواد اولیه مورد نیاز، صنایع قطعه سازی باید از طریق بورس اقدام کنند و این موضوع مشکلاتی را برای تامین مواد اولیه بوجود آورده است. وی با بیان اینکه پیش از این صنایع قطعه سازی برای تهیه مواد اولیه صنایع مثل فولاد از سهمی بصورت مچینگ برخوردار بودند، افزود: البته این سهم به همان قیمت بورس به آنها عرضه میشد اما فایده این نوع عرضه آن بود که نیاز صنایع به موقع و به اندازه تامین میشد. رئیس انجمن صنایع همگن و قطعه سازی کشور با بیان اینکه قطعه سازان برای تامین مواد اولیه در بورس با مشکل مواجه هستند، گفت: با توجه به شرایط فعلی، قطعه سازان برای تهیه ماده اولیه مورد نیاز تولید در بورس باید در انتظار عرضه بمانند در حالی که معلوم نیست چه میزان از کالای مورد نیاز و تقاضای آنها در این بازار عرضه شود. نجفی منش با بیان اینکه این شرایط مشکلاتی را برای ایفای تعهدات بوجود میآورد، بیان داشت: در حالی که قطعه سازان باید پاسخگوی سفارش و تعهدات خود باشند اما معلوم نیست که بتوانند چه میزان از مواد اولیه مورد نیاز خود را در بورس تهیه کنند. If you are looking for ways to prevent heat stroke, then this article is for you. Why? The heat!! There has not been a great rise in temperature yet, but it appears it is affecting people a lot. Just recently, I encountered a patient with a history of heart disease beginning to feel tired when he ventured out for a walk. He found the slight rise in temperature difficult to handle. The temperature in India has always been high, and I am sure the upcoming months will see it peak like no other. Being exposed to such temperatures has it’s risks, and one such problem is heat stroke. In fact, in 1998, the temperatures were so high in India that around 2600 people died in a span of 10 weeks from heat stroke. Between 2004 to 2013, there was a 61% rise in heat strokes. Here, we shall look at this condition in some detail, and discuss ways to prevent heat stroke from occurring. Normal Body Temperature Let’s start with the normal body temperature first. Humans are warm blooded beings. Our normal body temperature is around 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, or 37 degrees Celsius. But there is something that you need to note about this. This temperature is not what you feel when you hold someone’s hand or feel someone’s forehead. The normal temperature refers to ‘core temperature’. This is temperature inside your body. For example, you may measure the temperature by placing a thermometer under the armpit. The reading you get is usually 0.5 deg C lesser than the core temperature. Core temperature is the temperature around the organs. The higher the core temperature is, the greater the damage to the organs. Our body is able to maintain this temperature by striking a balance between the heat exposed to and the heat lost from the body. The mechanism is regulated by a part of the brain called the hypothalamus, also called the ‘thermostat’ of the body. The way the body and the brain work with each other to regulate temperature is quite remarkable. When the body temperature rises, the small ‘heat sensors’ located in the skin, muscle and spinal cord send signals to the thermostat in the brain. This allows the body to get rid of the extra heat, which it does through conduction, convection and radiation (remember physics??). Evaporation of sweat is another way of cooling the body. The best way to measure the core temperature is to place a thermometer in the rectum (through the anus). But I don’t think you want to be doing that!! Oral cavity temperature is accurate enough! What Is Heat Stroke? Heat stroke is a condition where the core temperature of the body rises above 41.1 deg C (or 106 deg F). It is the most severe form of heat exposure related illness and can be fatal. There are 2 types of heat stroke, as described in the image below. Non exertional heat stroke (NEHS) occurs in heat waves and is common in countries where this is rampant (like the Middle East). It tends to affect older individuals and children. In NEHS, the body is unable to get rid of extra heat. Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is usually seen in athletes and similar young, healthy individuals. Due to excessive activity, their body overheats and the temperature cross 41.1 deg F. Often, EHS occurs because of associated features such as dehydration, tiredness and infection. Certain medication can also increase the risk of EHS. While the body is able to get rid of some of the extra heat, the quantity of heat already generated is too much for the body to handle. What Are The Symptoms Of Heat Stroke? Depending on the cause of heat stroke, symptoms may vary. Below are the symptoms of heat stroke. Who Is At Risk Of A Heat Stroke? As I have mentioned previously, heat stroke can be seen in athletes and those involved in sporting activities. This is because the body can overheat. However, elderly patients, children, infants and those with a long term illness are at a risk as well. To put it in simple terms, heat stroke occurs because of one of the following reasons – - Excessive heat production in the body - Retention of heat in the
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words found throughout the text. The index is the very last thing found in a nonfiction book. Ordered by subject, it details which page information within the book may be found. It is different from the table of contents as it is organized in alphabetical order. If a reader knows exactly which information they are looking for, the index provides a great first point of looking. A reflecting telescope (also called a reflector) is an optical telescope which uses a single or combination of curved mirrors that reflect light and form an image. The reflecting telescope was invented in the 17th century as an alternative to the refracting telescope which, at that time, was a design that suffered from severe chromatic aberration. Although reflecting telescopes produce other types of optical aberrations, it is a design that allows for very large diameter objectives. Almost all of the major telescopes used in astronomy research are reflectors. Reflecting telescopes come in many design variations and may employ extra optical elements to improve image quality or place the image in a mechanically advantageous position. Since reflecting telescopes use mirrors, the design is sometimes referred to as a "catoptric" telescope. - 1 History - 2 Technical considerations - 3 Use in astronomical research - 4 Reflecting telescope designs - 5 Focal planes - 6 See also - 7 References - 8 External links The idea that curved mirrors behave like lenses dates back at least to Alhazen's 11th century treatise on optics, works that had been widely disseminated in Latin translations in early modern Europe. Soon after the invention of the refracting telescope, Galileo, Giovanni Francesco Sagredo, and others, spurred on by their knowledge of the principles of curved mirrors, discussed the idea of building a telescope using a mirror as the image forming objective. There were reports that the Bolognese Cesare Caravaggi had constructed one around 1626 and the Italian professor Niccolò Zucchi, in a later work, wrote that he had experimented with a concave bronze mirror in 1616, but said it did not produce a satisfactory image. The potential advantages of using parabolic mirrors, primarily reduction of spherical aberration with no chromatic aberration, led to many proposed designs for reflecting telescopes the most notable being James Gregory’s 1663 published ideas for what came to be called the Gregorian telescope, but no working models were built until 1673 by Robert Hooke. Isaac Newton has been generally credited with building the first reflecting telescope in 1668. It used a spherically ground metal primary mirror and a small diagonal mirror in an optical configuration that has come to be known as the Newtonian telescope. Despite the theoretical advantages of the reflector design, the difficulty of construction and the poor performance of the speculum metal mirrors being used at the time meant it took over 100 years for them to become popular. Many of the advances in reflecting telescopes included the perfection of parabolic mirror fabrication in the 18th century, silver coated glass mirrors in the 19th century, long-lasting aluminum coatings in the 20th century, segmented mirrors to allow larger diameters, and active optics to compensate for gravitational deformation. A mid-20th century innovation was catadioptric telescopes such as the Schmidt camera, which use both a spherical mirror and a lens (called a corrector plate) as primary optical elements, mainly used for wide-field imaging without spherical aberration. The late 20th century has seen the development of adaptive optics and lucky imaging to overcome the problems of seeing, and reflecting telescopes are ubiquitous on space telescopes and many types of spacecraft imaging devices. A curved primary mirror is the reflector telescope's basic optical element that creates an image at the focal plane. The distance from the mirror to the focal plane is called the focal length. Film or a digital sensor may be located here to record the image, or a secondary mirror may be added to modify the optical characteristics and/or redirect the light to film, digital sensors, or an eyepiece for visual observation. The primary mirror in most modern telescopes is composed of a solid glass cylinder whose front surface has been ground to a spherical or parabolic shape. A thin layer of aluminum is vacuum deposited onto the mirror, forming a highly reflective first surface mirror. Some telescopes use primary mirrors which are made differently. Molten glass is rotated to make its surface paraboloidal, and is kept rotating while it cools and solidifies. (See Rotating furnace.) The resulting mirror shape approximates a desired paraboloid shape that requires minimal grinding and polishing to reach the exact figure needed. Reflecting telescopes, just like any other optical system, do not produce "perfect" images. The need to image objects at distances up to infinity, view them at different wavelengths of light, along with the requirement to have some way to view the image the primary mirror produces, means there is always some compromise in a reflecting telescope's optical design. Because the primary mirror focuses light to a common point in front of its own reflecting surface almost all reflecting telescope designs have a secondary mirror, film holder, or detector near that focal point partially obstructing the light from reaching the primary mirror. Not only does this cause some reduction in the amount of light the system collects, it also causes a loss in contrast in the image due to diffraction effects of the obstruction as well as diffraction spikes caused by most secondary support structures. The use of mirrors avoids chromatic aberration but they produce other types of aberrations. A simple spherical mirror cannot bring light from a distant object to a common focus since the reflection of light rays striking the mirror near its edge do not converge with those that reflect from nearer the center of the mirror, a defect called spherical aberration. To avoid this problem most reflecting telescopes use parabolic shaped mirrors, a shape that can focus all the light to a common focus. Parabolic mirrors work well with objects near the center of the image they produce, (light traveling parallel to the mirror's optical axis), but towards the edge of that same field of view they suffer from off axis aberrations: - Coma - an aberration where point sources (stars) at the center of the image are focused to a point but typically appears as "comet-like" radial smudges that get worse towards the edges of the image. - Field curvature - The best image plane is in general curved, which may not correspond to the detector's shape and leads to a focus error across the field. It is sometimes corrected by a field flattening lens. - Astigmatism - an azimuthal variation of focus around the aperture causing point source images off-axis to appear elliptical. Astigmatism is not usually a problem in a narrow field of view, but in a wide field image it gets rapidly worse and varies quadratically with field angle. - Distortion - Distortion does not affect image quality (sharpness) but does affect object shapes. It is sometimes corrected by image processing. There are reflecting telescope designs that use modified mirror surfaces (such as the Ritchey–Chrétien telescope) or some form of correcting lens (such as catadioptric telescopes) that correct some of these aberrations. Use in astronomical research Nearly all large research-grade astronomical telescopes are reflectors. There are several reasons for this: - Reflectors work in a wider spectrum of light since certain wavelengths are absorbed when passing through glass elements like those found in a refractor or in a catadioptric telescope. - In a lens the entire volume of material has to be free of imperfection and inhomogeneities, whereas in a mirror, only one surface has to be perfectly polished. - Light of different wavelengths travels through a medium other than vacuum at different speeds. This causes chromatic aberration. Reducing this to acceptable levels usually involves a combination of two or three aperture sized lenses (see achromat and apochromat for more details). The cost of such systems therefore scales significantly with aperture size. An image obtained from a mirror does not suffer from chromatic aberration to begin with, and the cost of the mirror scales much more modestly with its size. - There are structural problems involved in manufacturing and manipulating large-aperture lenses. Since a lens can only be held in place by its edge, the center of a large lens will sag due to gravity, distorting the image it produces. The largest practical lens size in a refracting telescope is around 1 meter. In contrast, a mirror can be supported by the whole side opposite its reflecting face, allowing for reflecting telescope designs that can overcome gravitational sag. The largest reflector designs currently exceed 10 meters in diameter. Reflecting telescope designs The Gregorian telescope, described by Scottish astronomer and mathematician James Gregory in his 1663 book Optica Promota, employs a concave secondary mirror that reflects the image back through a hole in the primary mirror. This produces an upright image, useful for terrestrial observations. Some small spotting scopes are still built this way. There are several large modern telescopes that use a Gregorian configuration such as the Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope, the Magellan telescopes, the Large Binocular Telescope, and the Giant Magellan Telescope. The Newtonian telescope was the first successful reflecting telescope, completed by Isaac Newton in 1668. It usually has a paraboloid primary mirror but at focal ratios of f/8 or longer a spherical primary mirror can be sufficient for high visual resolution. A flat secondary mirror reflects the light to a focal plane at the side of the top of the telescope tube. It is one of the simplest and least expensive designs for a given size of primary, and is popular with amateur telescope makers as a home-build project. The Cassegrain design and its variations The Cassegrain telescope (sometimes called the "Classic Cassegrain") was first published in an 1672 design attributed to Laurent Cassegrain. It has a parabolic primary mirror, and a hyperbolic secondary mirror that reflects the light back down through a hole in the primary. Folding and diverging effect of the secondary creates a telescope with a long focal length while having a short tube length The Ritchey–Chrétien telescope, invented by George Willis Ritchey and Henri Chrétien in the early 1910s, is a specialized Cassegrain reflector which has two hyperbolic mirrors (instead of a parabolic primary). It is free of coma and spherical aberration at a nearly flat focal plane if the primary and secondary curvature are properly figured, making it well suited for wide field and photographic observations. Almost every professional reflector telescope in the world is of the Ritchey–Chrétien design. Including a third curved mirror allows correction of the remaining distortion, astigmatism, from the Ritchey–Chrétien design. This allows much larger fields of view. The Dall–Kirkham Cassegrain telescope's design was created by Horace Dall in 1928 and took on the name in an article published in Scientific American in 1930 following discussion between amateur astronomer Allan Kirkham and Albert G. Ingalls, the magazine editor at the time. It uses a concave elliptical primary mirror and a convex spherical secondary. While this system is easier to grind than a classic Cassegrain or Ritchey–Chrétien system, it does not correct for off-axis coma. Field curvature is actually less than a classical Cassegrain. Because this is less noticeable at longer focal ratios, Dall–Kirkhams are seldom faster than f/15. Takahashi Mewlon telescopes are Dall-Kirkham instruments with f/12 and are highly regarded. They require a corrector for wide field applications. There are several designs that try to avoid obstructing the incoming light by eliminating the secondary or moving any secondary element off the primary mirror's optical axis, commonly called off-axis optical systems. The Herschelian reflector is named after William Herschel, who used this design to build very large telescopes including a 49.5 inch (126 cm) diameter telescope in 1789. In the Herschelian reflector the primary mirror is tilted so the observer's head does not block the incoming light. Although this introduces geometrical aberrations, Herschel employed this design to avoid the use of a Newtonian secondary mirror since the speculum metal mirrors of that time tarnished quickly and could only achieve 60% reflectivity. A variant of the Cassegrain, the Schiefspiegler telescope ("skewed" or "oblique reflector") uses tilted mirrors to avoid the secondary mirror casting a shadow on the primary. However, while eliminating diffraction patterns this leads to an increase in coma and astigmatism. These defects become manageable at large focal ratios — most Schiefspieglers use f/15 or longer, which tends to restrict useful observation to the moon and planets. A number of variations are common, with varying numbers of mirrors of different types. The Kutter style uses a single concave primary, a convex secondary and a plano-convex lens between the secondary mirror and the focal plane, when needed (this is the case of the catadioptric Schiefspiegler). One variation of a multi-schiefspiegler uses a concave primary, convex secondary and a parabolic tertiary. One of the interesting aspects of some Schiefspieglers is that one of the mirrors can be involved in the light path twice — each light path reflects along a different meridional path. Stevick-Paul telescopes are off-axis versions of Paul 3-mirror systems with an added flat diagonal mirror. A convex secondary mirror is placed just to the side of the light entering the telescope, and positioned afocally so as to send parallel light on to the tertiary. The concave tertiary mirror is positioned exactly twice as far to the side of the entering beam as was the convex secondary, and its own radius of curvature distant from the secondary. Because the tertiary mirror receives parallel light from the secondary, it forms an image at its focus. The focal plane lies within the system of mirrors, but is accessible to the eye with the inclusion of a flat diagonal. The Stevick-Paul configuration results in all optical aberrations totaling zero to the third-order, except for the Petzval surface which is gently curved. The Yolo was developed by Arthur S. Leonard in the mid-1960s. Like the Schiefspiegler, it is an unobstructed, tilted reflector telescope. The original Yolo consists of a primary and secondary concave mirror, with the same curvature, and the same tilt to the main axis. Most Yolos use toroidal reflectors. The Yolo design eliminates coma, but leaves significant astigmatism, which is reduced by deformation of the secondary mirror by some form of warping harness, or alternatively, polishing a toroidal figure into the secondary. Like Schiefspieglers, plenty of Yolo's variations have been pursued. The needed amount of toroidal shape can be transferred entirely or partially to the primary mirror. In large focal ratios optical assemblies, both primary and secondary mirror can be left spherical and a spectacle correcting lens is added between the secondary mirror and the focal plane (catadioptric Yolo). The addition of a convex, long focus tertiary mirror leads to Leonard's Solano configuration. The Solano telescope doesn't contain any toric surface. Liquid mirror telescopes One design of telescope uses a rotating mirror consisting of a liquid metal in a tray which is spun at constant speed. As the tray spins the liquid forms a paraboloidal surface of essentially unlimited size.
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义是用酒肉宴请宾客。酒和肉是宴请的必不可少的食品,动手动口也是宴席上不可少的行为和动作。最早的召人是擅长操作部落宴会、善于招待宾客的一族人,氏族的徽记出自宴会中最欢乐的场面,进而有了氏族名称,氏族所崇拜的图腾也是他们引以为骄傲的技能和宴会的欢乐场面。召,引申后有呼喊、召唤、宣读、召请、征召等意思。那么,召人的居地自然称为召,建立了城堡就称为召邑,其后字形又衍蛮化为邵字。最终发展为国和姓。 邵姓的起源主要有两大支:召方和姬姓。 第一支出于召方。召,商朝时活动在今河南鄢城东召陵一带的黄帝部落的一支,史称召方。大约在商王武丁时代,召方屡遭商的征伐,西移到渭河和泾水之间,今陕西凤翔东南的召陈。商末周国兴起,周文王封子奭于召,史称召公奭,召方族人归顺于周。召、邵原为一姓,后分二姓。这支邵姓的历史至少有3200多年。 第二支出自姬姓。商末,周文王在陕西岐山兴起,封其庶子奭于召,今陕西凤翔东南的古召方居地召陈,史称召公奭。周武王灭商后,移封召国于河南济源西的召亭,分周公旦诸子凡、茅、蒋、邢、祭、胙、卫以及郑等国一起,环绕古商朝都城监管商之遗民。后来,召公奭之长子转封于南燕,留在济源的次子仍称召公,三子南迁伏牛山东端南麓的南召,以别济源的北召。入春秋不久南召被楚所并,陕西的召被秦吞并。公元前513年春秋后期,召简公盈因卷入周王室王位之争而被京城人所杀,召国亡,子孙四散。其中有北上山西垣曲东的召原,再东北入河北易县北的古涞水城,又东南迁山东惠民的邵城,这些均为召人迁徙中的遗迹。姬姓邵氏的历史也有3100年。 邵、召古时通用,史书上一般汉朝以前的多用召,三国以后多用邵,河南汝南、安阳召人最早改用邵。根据习惯,在当代的人群中已分邵、召为两姓,汉族中以邵姓多。 据说。罱文王第十子季载的后裔中也有邵氏。 第三支出自外族的改姓。邵姓中融入外族的事件发生罕见,仅在清朝时满洲八旗乌雅氏族在改汉姓时,一部分人选用了邵姓,族人后来多转化为汉族。今东北多邵姓可能与此有关。 先秦时期,邵姓主要活动在河南、山东地区。到了秦汉时,邵姓已扩散到江苏、安徽。到两晋南北朝时,邵姓已越过长江进入湖南、江西、北边到达河北。唐朝时期,中原邵姓二次南下移民福建、广东。清初邵姓进入台湾。 邵 | 宗族先贤 历史上著名邵姓人物有:晋朝学者邵续;北宋哲学家邵雍;南宋抗金义军首领邵兴;明朝学者邵宝,画家邵弥;清朝诗人邵长蘅,文学家邵齐焘,史学家兼经学家邵晋涵,经学家兼目录学家邵懿辰;民国国民党中央要员邵力子,新闻学者邵飘萍;当代作家兼文艺评论家邵荃麟,诗人、翻译家洵美,历史学家邵循正。 邵 | 历代名家单字字帖 免责声明:本文仅代表文章作者的个人观点,与本站无关。其原创性、真实性以及文中陈述文字和内容未经本站证实,对本文以及其中全部或者部分内容文字的真实性、完整性和原创性本站不作任何保证或承诺,请读者仅作参考,并自行核实相关内容。 Any student wants to create a good impression from the beginning of an essay. But it is important to know all the elements that go into an impactful introduction. It should be similar to a map, guiding the reader’s expectations. It also sets the tone of the rest of the essay for them. Here we have some essential essay introduction tips, for you to improve your writing skills. The correct way to write an introduction You need to start off by explaining the issue that is addressed in the essay. Furthermore, describe why the problem is important to its relevant field. Inform clearly how you will be handling the problem. Clarify the research methods, software or sources used to test the theory. The introduction should also include any background material that you think is relevant. Explain the thesis and the process you will follow to solve the problem pointed out in the essay question. Also remember that introductions do not have to be limited to a single paragraph. While structuring an introduction, make certain that it reflects the purpose and goal of the assignment. The thesis should present the topic and also its clear position that will be developed through the essay. In short papers the introduction can comprise of a couple of paragraphs. While in longer papers an introduction can easily occupy several paragraphs. Integrate a “hook” sentence in the introduction. This refers to a statement that is bound to catch the reader’s attention. Engage your audience’s interest so that they will be eager to read further. Try to make it as original as possible. Following are some ideas you can use: • Provide a surprising statistic related to the problem in question. • Find an impressive quote that sums up the argument. • Anecdotes are also a unique personal touch that you can give to you essay. • Use a rhetorical question to give your reader a new perspective on the topic. This is the transitional part of the introduction. It takes the reader from the reason behind choosing the topic to the main problems. Offer relevant background knowledge about the purpose of the essay to clarify it to the audience. The introduction should be summed up with a statement that clearly points out the issues you want to address in the essay. This is referred to as the thesis statement. It is the most concise part of your introduction and should state the argument without any frills. The Road Map Apart from the thesis statement, your introduction should have a road map. This explains how you will be defending the thesis. This lends the audience a sense of how various points will be organized in your essay. Sometimes the map is integrated in the thesis statement itself. Other times it is comprised of separate sentences. Things to avoid A huge amount of information is sure to overwhelm the readers. Some writers tend to ignore that which compromises their work quality. Stick to the main topic and do not pile up a load of information within the introduction. It is not your job to start from the basics and fill out all the gaps till the topic at hand. Write in a way that makes it clear that you are writing for a well-informed reader. The background knowledge should be there but in a brief form. Make sure there is a connection between the sentences. Do not merely drop the information through the lines and expect the audience to understand. Take it forward in a sequenced pattern with appropriate link amid ideas. The introduction does need to be descriptive and should cover all your bases. However, it should not have so much detail about the arguments that reading the rest become unnecessary. Keep your information balanced and precise. Do not make it vague or confusing, yet leave the main arguments for the body of the essay. Avoid beginning with opening statements that do not have something worthy enough to continue reading. Mundane and obvious facts do not make for a very appealing start. No matter how interesting your essay is further on, the audience will only be tempted to read it if it has an effective opening statement. Keep in mind that the introduction is a crucial part of the essay as it will be leading your audience to the actual discussion. It is important to make them compelling and unique to make your essay stand out. Students who need further help in writing can reach out to our services like Write My Essay and Essay Tutor. We answer to all your queries and our expert writers provide you with essays on any topic required. The content we offer is top quality and is sure to impress instructors and readers alike. 阵发性房颤的症状表现为发作开始比较突然,病人感觉心悸、气短、心前区不适及忧虑不安,室上性心动过速药物治疗。有冠心病的老年人,房颤爆发开端时心室率很快,可出现眩晕,乃至昏迷,有时可呈现心力衰竭及休克。以是房颤患者及时稳定病情非常重要。 阵发性房颤是因为多重折返小波引起间歇性快速而不规则的心房节律,是起搏点在心房的异位性心动过速。发作时心房发作350—600次/min不规则的冲动,引起不和谐的心房乱颤。房室传导系统仅能接受局部心房兴奋的传导。阵发性房颤时心室搏动快而不规则,在离婚律师免费咨询 120—180次/min之间。室上性心动过速药物治疗,阵发性房颤是最常见的心律失常疾病之一,远较房扑多见,两者发病率之比为10—20∶1。阵发性的经过重复发作可改变为持久性的。所以患者在出现房颤症状后一定要实时稳定病情。 有研讨标明,接纳伟特治疗甲状腺性能亢进性心房颤动,可以明显改善患者的临床症状,调节心律,明显,不良反应小,无III类抗心律失常药物胺碘酮常引起的甲亢、甲减、肺纤维化等心外反作用。并且伟特(盐酸索他洛尔片)不同于传统的β-受体阻断剂,不具有心脏选择性,也无内在拟交感活性,有β1和β2受体停滞作用,并能延长心肌举措电位,无效不应期及QT新时期,抑制窦房结、房室结传导时间,并延长房室旁路的传导,其β-受体阻滞作用能抑制多种室性心律失常,尤其对危及生命的疾速室性心律失常效果显著。 而且伟特(盐酸索他洛尔片)分歧于传统的β-受体阻断剂,不具有心脏选择性,也无内在拟交感活性,有β1和β2受体阻滞感化,并能延长心肌动作电位,有效不应期及QT免费的离婚法律咨询 新期间,按捺窦房结、房室结传导工夫,并延长房室旁路的传导,其β-受体阻滞作用能抑制多种室性心律正常。 通过以上内容的引见,相信大家对阵发性房颤曾经有所了解了。房颤具有突发和频发性,所以患者一定要常备急救药物,这对发病后的后续医治至关重要。同时发起患者注意日常饮食,少次辛辣刺激的食品,也不要过度劳累。室上性心动过速药物治疗,如果有条件可以在医生的指导下进行适量的活动,协助疾病恢复。 - Vintage deco odası: trendi gezin - Vintage deco odası: odaklanılacak renkler ve desenler - Vintage deco odası: mobilya ve aksesuarlar Zaten birkaç yıldır ultra-trend, vintage sürekli kendini yeniden icat ederken mutlu etmeye devam ediyor. Genel görünümü tamamladı ve çok sıkılmamak için stillerin karışımını yerleştirin. Fakat bağbozumu kendisini yalnızca oturma odasına veya oturma odasına davet etmiyor. Ayrıca odaya yatırım yapıyor. Klasik stildeki özelliklerin neler olduğunu ve doğru renkleri ve iyi mobilyaları benimseyerek nasıl bir vintage dekor odasının yaratılacağını keşfedin. Vintage bir dekoratif oda Vintage deco odası: trendi gezin bağbozumu eğilim Dekorasyon dünyasında birkaç yıl önce ortaya çıktı. O var retro nesneler ve mobilyalar ile bugüne kadar getirilen 30'lu yıllardan 70'lere kadar. ahşap, metal, laminat, bit pazarı ve antika mobilyalar. Ancak sıkılmaktan kaçınmak için, tasarımdaki büyük isimler vintage stili çağdaş mobilyalar veya daha modern dekoratif objelerle karıştırmanızı önerir. Aynı zamanda, o zamanın büyük bir trendi olan İskandinav tarzı ile de çok iyi uyuşuyor! Vintage deco odası: odaklanılacak renkler ve desenler Vintage bir deko yatak odası için seçin Soğuk renkler antika mobilyaların sıcak renkli ahşaplarıyla mükemmel bir şekilde evlenecek. Petrol mavisi, Marakeş mavisi, su yeşili veya ördek yeşili tercih edin. Mavi ve yeşil, uykunuzun kalitesini artıran renklerdir. Biraz dinamizm getirmek için, dekoratif nesnelerinize biraz parlak renk ekleyin: kırmızı alarm saati, sarı hardal lambası... Yan nedenler, bunları tercih edin geometrik şekiller veya çiçek desenleri. Duvarın bazı bölümlerine, nevresimlere veya minderlere yerleştirmek için modern veya romantik bir vintage dekoratif oda oluşturun. Vintage deco odası: mobilya ve aksesuarlar Vintage eğilimde, anahtar kelime kurtarma. Tavan arasında veya bit pazarında bulunan mobilya ve dekoratif eşyaları yeniden kullanın ve geri dönüştürün. Eski bir ferforje yatak, kilim ve battaniyeler için eski bir sandık, 60'lı yılların tarzını giydiren bir elbise, eski bir boyalı dolap veya kurbağa sandalyeye düşmek. Duvara asmak sanat resimler veya eski ahşap çerçeveler ve hepsini biraz daha güncel aksesuarlarla karıştır. Ama dikkatli ol bütünü aşırı değil. Vintage bir dekoratif oda da rahatlama ve sakinleşmeye davet edilmelidir. Çok fazla ıvır zıvır ve mobilya çok büyük kaçının. Chlorosis is an Easily Solved Problem Do you have a plant whose leaves look like this? Chlorosis is a common problem in annuals, perennials, houseplants and shrubs. Here are some simple ways to deal with it. Chlorosis occurs when a plant can’t manufacture enough chlorophyll. The leaves turn yellow, and the plant may die unless the problem is corrected. Chlorosis may be caused by a lack of sunlight; damaged roots from poor drainage, mechanical injury, or soil compaction; herbicide damage due to misapplication or overspray; or plant disease. So the first thing to do when you see yellowing of the leaves is check for one of these causes. Another frequent cause is when nutrients aren’t getting to the plant because the pH is too high or low. Every plant has a desired pH range where its roots most efficiently absorb nutrients in the soil; if the pH is outside this range chlorosis can occur. (For a list of optimum pHs for specific plants, go to: http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/quickref/soil/pHplants.html.) My petunias next to the driveway sometimes turn yellow because of high pH, especially after heavy rainfall has leached the acidity out of the soil. So I spray the leaves with a soluble fertilizer for acid-loving plants (like Southern Ag’s MaxAcid® or Scotts’ MirAcid®) at the rate recommended on the label. These fertilizers have iron and other micronutrients as well as soil acidifiers. Spraying the solution on the leaves accelerates their intake into the plant tissue. A couple of applications normally take care of the problem. Sometimes an entire group of landscape plants will exhibit leaf yellowing. When this happens I get the soil tested and add either sulfur or lime depending on the results of the test. If the pH is too high applying an acid-loving plant fertilizer will get quick results, but applying sulfur to the entire area is a better long-term solution. Even in the greenhouse pH can be too high if you are using water from a water softener or if pots and flats were not rinsed well after washing. When you solve one pH problem be careful not to create another. My worst pH headache was rhododendrons planted in a field of ground cover. The ground cover liked a higher pH than the rhodos. If I satisfied one plant’s pH desires, the leaves of the other turned yellow. I tried
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releases in response to stress. The NHS website also details theories on PTSD development being: - A survival mechanism to help cope should a similar event happen. - Due to abnormal stress hormone levels. - Due to smaller or malfunctioning hippocampus of the brain. Risk factors of PTSD. People of any age can develop PTSD. However, there are certain risk factors which can increase the chance of PTSD after a traumatic event, such as: - Intense or long-lasting trauma - Trauma earlier in life, such as childhood abuse - A job that increases your risk of being exposed to traumatic events, such as military personnel and first responders - Other mental health problems, such as anxiety or depression - Substance misuse, such as excess drinking or drug use - Lacking a good support system of family and friends - Having blood relatives with mental health problems, including anxiety or depression. A lot of sites also state that being female is a risk factor for PTSD as the symtpoms of PTSD are more commonly seen in females and trauma is often experienced by females through domestic abuse (physical and psychological), sexual assault or childbirth According to Harker et al (2013) 1 in 5 children have experienced serious physical abuse, sexual abuse or severe physical or emotional neglect during in their lifetime. Bentley et al (2017) noted that recent years there has been an increase in emotional abuse as a reason for children being on a child protection plan or register in England and Wales. There have also been increases in police-recorded child sexual offences and indecent image offences across the UK and increases in child cruelty and neglect offences in all UK nations except Scotland. PTSD in children was not a recognised condition until 1980. Approximately 1% of children and adolescents have PTSD and some estimate that up to 50% of young people will go on to develop PTSD following a violent attack, abuse or trauma (Yule et al, 2000). Refuge states that 1 in 4 women will experience domestic violence within the UK and Wales, on a global scale 1 in 3 women will experience violence from a partner. Men can also experience domestic violence but at a smaller reported percentage than women. This does not mean that it doesn't occur at a similar rate just that it is less reported. Traumatic childbirth is an often overlooked cause of PTSD. Jennifer Jamison Griebenow (2006) states: "Too many times women must give birth unsupported, while being poked and prodded in a depersonalizing and sometimes literally violent process." Women often feel pressured to get the baby out in a limited time. A vacuum extraction (ventouse), forceps delivery, an episiotomy, and cesareans are all commonly used today to ensure the delivery is timely. But what is rarely considered is the effect these interventions have on the mother, forcing her to allow someone else (often a stranger) to deliver her child for her. Further to this the effects resulting from the pain of childbirth both before and during these interventions, the drastic hormone changes and the resulting tears, scars and pains from both the pregnancy and the labour itself. Postpartum depression (PPD) is the more accepted diagnosis for psychological difficulties faced after childbirth, but as Midwifery Today has noted: less attention is given to the symptoms that seem like PPD yet don't quite fit so could be PTSD yet are often ignored and assumed as the former. It is also highly probable that partners who witness a traumatic labour are also at risk of developing PTSD. Sadly this is even less acknowledged by health professionals than postpartum PTSD. Addiction and substance abuse. Addiction is defined by the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) as a brain disease brought on by chronic drug use that makes changes to brain circuitry and chemistry, which lead to compulsive drug-using behaviors. With repeated drug use it becomes harder for the brain to regulate amounts of dopamine, adrenaline, and GABA normally. Drug cravings and uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms include anxiety, depression, insomnia, and irritability. This heightens the risk of PTSD development. Chronic stress can interfere with a person’s impulse control, learning, and memory functions (Sinha, 2008). Drugs can temporarily increase pleasure, decrease anxiety, and provide a distraction from difficult emotions. As a result drugs can be used as a coping mechanism for the symptoms of chronic stress or PTSD, making it more likely for a person to turn to drugs or alcohol as a means of escape. Symptoms of PTSD. There are a vast range of symptoms associated with PTSD. These are grouped under intrusive memories, avoidance, negative mental adaptations, changes in physical or emotional reactions. Intrusive memory symptoms. - Recurring distressing memories of the traumatic event - Reliving the traumatic event as if it were happening again (flashbacks) - Nightmares either about the event or similar. - Distress at real or symbolic reminders of the trauma Negative psychological symptoms. - Negative thoughts about yourself, other people or the world. - Feeling unsafe. - Finding it hard to trust others. - Blaming yourself for the event. - Hopelessness about the future. - Difficulty maintaining close relationships - Feeling isolated from family and friends. - Loss of interest in activities you once enjoyed. - Difficulty experiencing positive emotions. - Being easily overwhelmed with negative emotions of guilt, shame, anger or sadness. - Keeping busy and feeling you have to. - Avoiding reminders of the trauma. - Memory loss of the traumatic event. - Emotional numbness or feeling cut off from your emotions. - Physical numbness or detachment from your body. - Being unable to express affection. - Alcohol or drug use to escape memories or emotions. Changes in physical and emotional reactions. - Being easily startled or frightened. - Being overly alert, also sometimes called 'hypervigilance'. - Difficulty concentrating, even on simple or everyday tasks. - Panicking when reminded of the trauma. Increased anxiety attacks. - Self-destructive behavior, such as drinking too much or driving too fast. - Disturbed sleep or a lack of sleep. - Irritability, angry outbursts or aggressive behaviour. PTSD symptoms can start within one month of a traumatic event, but in a lot of cases symptoms may not appear until years later. People suffering with PTSD will display a variety of some of these symptoms, though not all. PTSD symptoms can vary in intensity over time. You may have more PTSD symptoms when you're stressed in general, or when reminded of the trauma. Complex PTSD is a fairly new term. Professionals have recognised for a while that some types of trauma can have additional effects to PTSD, but have disagreed about whether this is a form of PTSD or an entirely separate condition, and what it should be called (Crabtree, A., 2017). Complex PTSD (sometimes abbreviated to C-PTSD or CPTSD), is a condition where you experience some symptoms of PTSD along with additional symptoms, such as: - Difficulty controlling your emotions. - Feeling very hostile or distrustful towards the world. - Constant feelings of emptiness or hopelessness. - Feeling as if you are permanently damaged or worthless. - Feeling as if you are completely different to other people. - Feeling like nobody can understand what happened to you. - Avoiding friendships and relationships, or finding them very difficult. - Often experiencing dissociative symptoms such as depersonalisation or derealisation. - Regular suicidal feelings. (Crabtree, A., 2017). Self care for PTSD. If you have disturbing thoughts and feelings about a traumatic event for more than a month or if you feel you're having trouble getting your life back under control, talk to your doctor or a mental health professional. Getting treatment as soon as possible can help prevent PTSD symptoms from getting worse. If you or someone you know has suicidal thoughts, get help right away through one or more of these resources: - Reach out to a close friend or loved one. - Make an appointment with your doctor or a mental health professional. - Contact a suicide hotline. UK charity Samaritans can be contacted for free on 116 123 (UK) or 116 123 (ROI). - If you're worried about being overheard on the phone, you can email Samaritans at email@example.com. - Free online counselling is available via Turn2me. - PAPYRUS is a voluntary organisation supporting teenagers and young adults who are feeling suicidal, call for free on 0800 068 41 41. - Depression Alliance is a charity for people with depression. It doesn't have a helpline, but offers a wide range of useful resources and links to other relevant information. - Students Against Depression is a website for students who are depressed, have a low mood or are having suicidal thoughts. You are not alone, no matter how painful things may seem. Please talk to someone if you feel there is no way out, there always is, it just takes time and support. Please know that you are loved and there is help available. Other practical methods of self help include: - Learn your triggers. What causes your emotional outbursts or anxiety attacks? - Confide in someone. This may be a friend or a health professional, but learning to discuss your feelings can help even if you are unable to talk about the event itself. - Allow yourself time. Be patient with yourself and understand everyone copes with things in their own way. - Look after your physical health. By monitoring your diet and activity level you can make a difference to your physical health which can have a positive effect on your mental health. Flashbacks can be very distressing, but there are things you can do that might help. - Focus on your breathing. When you are frightened, you might stop breathing normally. This increases feelings of fear and panic, so it can help to concentrate on breathing slowly in and out while counting to five. - Carry an object that reminds you of the present. Some people find it helpful to touch or look at a particular object during a flashback. This might be something you decide to carry in your pocket or bag, or something that you have with you anyway, such as a keyring or a piece of jewellery. - Tell yourself that you are safe. It may help to tell yourself that the trauma is over and you are safe now. It can be hard to think in this way during a flashback, so it could help to write down or record some useful phrases at a time when you're feeling better. - Comfort yourself. For example, you could curl up in a blanket, cuddle a pet, listen to soothing music or watch a favourite film. - Keep a diary. Making a note of what happens when you have a flashback could help you spot patterns in what triggers these experiences for you. You might also learn to notice early signs that they are beginning to happen. - Try grounding techniques. Grounding techniques can keep you connected to the present and help you cope with flashbacks or intrusive thoughts. For example, you could describe your surroundings out loud or count objects of a particular type or colour. Treatments for PTSD. There are a number of psychological therapies available to assist with PTSD. Cognitive Behavioural therapy (CBT) is a talking therapy that focuses on how your thoughts, beliefs and attitudes affect your feelings and behaviour, and teaches you coping skills for dealing with different problems by adopting methods to alter your thought patterns. Trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT) is a form of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) specifically adapted for PTSD. Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) is a fairly new treatment that can reduce PTSD symptoms. It involves making rhythmic eye movements while recalling the traumatic event. The eye movements are intended to create a similar effect to the way your brain processes memories and experiences while you’re sleeping. Exposure therapy helps you safely face both situations and memories that you find frightening so that you can learn to cope with them effectively. Group therapy can be used to teach you ways to manage your symptoms and help you understand the condition. Medications are often prescribed to help with PTSD symptoms. There are a large number of tablets which can help with sleep difficulties and insomnia, rather than buying over the counter tablets please consult your GP for advice, especially as some drugs may affect alertness while working or driving. Antidepressants such as paroxetine, sertraline, mirtazapine, amitriptyline or phenelzine are sometimes used to treat PTSD in adults. Paroxetine and sertraline are the only medications licensed specifically for the treatment of PTSD. However, mirtazapine, amitriptyline and phenelzine have also been found to be effective and may be recommended. It is advised that you speak to your GP about your more severe symptoms to get the most suitable medication. Anxiety is often the worst symptom of PTSD. Tranquilisers such as diazepam or lorazepam can be prescribed to help with this. Complications of long term PTSD. Other than the previously mentioned substance abuses and mental health complications PTSD is associated with many chronic conditions and diseases. These include: - Heart disease. - Liver disease. - Autoimmune disease. - Interstitial cystitis. - Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). - Fibromyalgia (FM). - Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). - Other chronic pain conditions. According to Elements Behavioral Health (2017): "Higher risk for diseases might be attributed to the presence of secondary health risk factors such as smoking or obesity. However, studies have begun to link some conditions to trauma in the absence of other risk factors. For example, heart disease is more prevalent in survivors of childhood trauma despite controlling for other health risks." As these conditions are becoming more prevalent in the UK I will be looking at the physiology of each and the link to chronic stress and PTSD in future posts. - Addiction Treatment | Elements | Drug Rehab Treatment Centers. (2012). PTSD and Long-Term Physical Health. [online] Available at: https://www.elementsbehavioralhealth.com/trauma-ptsd/ptsd-2/ [Accessed 18 Jan. 2018]. - Bentley, H., O'Hagan, O., Brown, A., Vasco, N., Lynch, C., Peppiate, J., Webber, M., Ball, R., Miller, P., Byrne, A., Hafizi, M. and Letendrie, F. (2018). How safe are our children? 2017. [online] NSPCC. Available at: https://www.nspcc.org.uk/services-and-resources/research-and-resources/2017/how-safe-are-our-children-2017/ [Accessed 18 Jan. 2018]. - Crabtree, A. (2017). Understanding Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. [online] Mind.org.uk. Available at: https://www.mind.org.uk/media/6167912/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-2017.pdf [Accessed 18 Jan. 2018]. - Griebenow, J. and Griebenow, J. (2018). Healing the Trauma: Entering Motherhood with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) – Midwifery Today. [online] Midwifery Today. Available at: https://midwiferytoday.com/mt-articles/healing-the-trauma/ [Accessed 18 Jan. 2018]. Harker, L., Jütte, S., Murphy, T., Bentley, H., Miller, P. and Fitch, K. (2018). How safe are our children? 2013. [online] NSPCC. Available at: https://www.nspcc.org.uk/services-and-resources/research-and-resources/2013/how-safe-
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kage has been reported to be a predominant causal factor for increased vacant urban land and structural abandonment. The inability to retain viable developments in shrinking cities has necessitated a shift from traditional urban growth to the allowance of Smart Decline. This approach dictates that cities strategically develop in dense nodes where development potential exists while allowing parcels outside of these areas to simply be managed or decline. Rather than force new developments into decaying areas, the idea is to allow the city to right size itself. Smart Decline seeks to reclaim and repurpose vacant lots through implementing permanent or temporary functions where possible. It is the re-appropriation of unused urban space for common community needs. The collapse of the American housing market in 2008 amplified foreclosures and housing abandonment throughout many U.S. cities. Municipalities in the Rustbelt, a postindustrial region in the Northeastern and Midwestern U.S characterized by declining industries and falling populations, were hit particularly hard. Dayton, Ohio, a shrinking Rustbelt city, ranks in the top 10 in U.S. urban depopulation. From 1960-2010, its population decreased by 46%; over the last 10 years, unemployment has increased by nearly 170%. In the 1980s, manufacturing began to significantly decrease and by the 1990s, service and retail trade sectors began to employ more people than did manufacturing. A large proportion of the new service jobs relocated to suburban locations due to lower costs and taxes. Increased suburban job opportunities led to disinvestment and decay in the urban area. A buffer analysis reveals that Dayton’s number of housing units reach their zenith around 4-8 miles outside of the city center. Similar patters occur when examining housing value, suggesting that there are fewer housing units remaining in the urban core, and those that remain are of low value. Dayton is the 6th most depopulated city in the U.S. From 2005 to 2014, the vacant parcel rate of Dayton increased approximately 3% per 5-year period; by 2014 the proportion of vacant parcels accounted for 23% of the city’s total area. As of 2010, the unemployment was 12.5%. Currently, the city poverty rate is much higher than national and state levels. Dayton is composed of 22% abandoned properties with the density of abandoned properties much higher in the west, which is characterized by minority and low income populations. A suitability analysis was applied to determine where the highest developable areas are in the city, identifying five neighborhoods in the southwest of Dayton as highly developable. These five neighborhoods are targets for future nodal development. The Carillon neighborhood is adjacent to several major anchors within Dayton, including downtown, the Miami Valley Hospital, the University of Dayton and several major parks. Dayton’s city plan suggests to use universities, hospitals and schools as reinvestment anchors for stimulating adjacent vacant land regeneration. An aging population, a high-employment rate, a low-education level and low housing market conditions are the major characteristics of Carillon. As of 2014, its vacancy rate was 35%. As such, we determined which parcels were most suited for future decline. To predict vacant land, the Land Transformation Model (LTM) was employed. It is a GIS based land use prediction tool which simulates urban land use change based on land use change probabilities. The LTM estimates the impacts of changes, and forecasts future land uses following four steps: (1) input data is stored and managed, (2) predictor variables are examined, (3) the likelihood of change is derived and (4) the amount of land expected to transition is determined. Using this process, we predicted vacant lands for 2018 using patterns from 2005-2010 and 2023 using patterns from 2005 -2014. Multiple predictor variables such as distance from delinquent parcels, distance from commercial areas, distance from highway, distance from schools, appraised value, unemployment rate and vacancy rate were also employed. Prediction outputs suggest that the vacancy rate of Carillon will continue to increase, primarily in parcels on the periphery of the neighborhood. To determine the best method of future functionality in developmental or declining areas, we developed a framework which called “Sifting the Landscape,” a four step process to help regenerate vacant/abandoned lots. Step 1: Targeting Inventory existing vacant and abandoned lots and analyze the causes and social/economic costs of continued abandonment/vacancy. Historic data on public and nonprofit expenditures for relevant community and economic development are collected and land suitability analysis are used to prioritize areas of potential revitalization. Lands unsuitable for development and in decline are then recorded and registered as potential components of the city’s land bank. Step 2: Thinning Out Based on this inventory, blocks in which the vacant parcel rate exceeds 50% are then prioritized for renovations. The demolition of aging and worsening structures and land banking of vacant properties for better management and reinvestment is necessary in these areas. Simultaneously, lots located in low vacant parcel clusters are stabilized through rehabilitation efforts and housing assistance resources. Step 3: Repurposing Once thinned out, the reformation of zoning codes and new comprehensive plans to facilitate vacant property revitalization must be taken in to consideration to support neighborhood reinvestment plans and help attract private reinvestment. Comprehensive plans must ensure that revitalization and reclamation remain a top priority. For residents who live in highly vacant areas, financial provisions must be made to accommodate any relocation efforts necessary. Step 4: Razing the Remnants All remaining vacant and abandoned lands must then be preserved, retrofitted or cleared based on the efforts suggested from the repurposing phase. Once the sifting process is complete, a design strategy can be developed to implement temporary or permanent functions into the once vacant or abandoned properties. Currently, 301 parcels are managed by the city’s land bank to be resold or rented according to the comprehensive master plan of Carillon. Design Schematics and Impact The design strategy for Carillion was to provide support functions to the surrounding developmental anchors while minimizing displacement of existing residents. West Stewart St. and Cincinnati St. will serve as the primary arteries to the design and create an important interchange for connecting local and national bus lines. In addition to preserving existing residential areas, mixed-uses will attract infill development and provide job opportunities for residents. Commercial uses provide basic job services and enhance the local economy while increased open spaces provide various activity spaces. A riverside park connects to the Miami Valley Trail system and is a tourist attraction which provides residents with recreational space. For providing sufficient healthcare services for seniors, several buildings developed on vacant lots will function as a dormitory and healthcare center. Existing abandoned warehouses will be developed as art district while an obsolete governmental building is retrofitted into a community center. Student apartments will attract younger people from the University of Dayton and Sinclair College. In existing residential areas, interstitial vacant parcels are transformed into varying types of temporary gardens. According to the design, 63% of existing vacant lands will be regenerated through development, 16% will be prevented from further deterioration and 21% will be allowed to decline. Origin and History The regiment was created in 1626. In 1634, a government regulation ranked the Nylands Regiment 18th among the infantry regiments. In 1696, it became an Indelta regiment. At the beginning of the Great Northern War, a battalion was stationed at Neumünde. The remainder of the regiment was stationed at Riga from Spring 1700. In 1708, a battalion was part of General Lewenhaupt's Corps who followed the main army in Ukraine. It fought at Ljesna 1708, the survivors being placed in the Vastamalands regiment. Captured at Poltava. The other battalion captured at Riga, 1710. Reraised and joined the Army of Finland. In the Armfeldt's campaign against Trondhjem, 1718. This Finnish regiment counted 1,025 men and consisted of two battalions of 4 companies. Each company had 140 men. During the Seven Years' War, the regiment was commanded by: - 1757: E. Krabbe Service during the War By the end of August 1757, 6 companies of the regiment (about 850 men) had been transported across the Baltic towards Swedish-Pomerania. In 1758, the regiment was assigned to the guard and protection of the artillery, a role that it played until the end of the war. In January 1759, the regiment counted 926 men operating in Pomerania. To do: campaigns from 1759 to 1763 |Coat||dark blue with 10 brass buttons down the front with yellow trimmed buttonholes and 2 brass buttons at small of the back |Gaiters||white stockings with brown leather strap at knee| Troopers were armed with a sword and a musket. The bayonet was permanently fixed to the musket. Schirmer as well as Pengel and Hurt mention white trimmed buttonholes. NCOs wore uniforms similar to those of the privates with the following distinctions: - a silver lace on the tricorne - brass buttons (smaller than those of officers) NCOs carried halberds but no cane. Officers wore a blue uniform (coat) with blue distinctives (collar, cuffs, turnbacks). They were further distinguished from privates by: - a gold lace on the tricorne - no turnbacks on the coat - a silver gorget - brass buttons - blue or black breeches (breeches of the same colour as those of the privates were also worn) N.B.: contrarily to the custom in other armies, Swedish officers did not wear any sash Horses were equipped with blue housing with a yellow border. The uniform of the drummers were usually yellow with the addition of plain white swallows nest on each shoulder. There were no other lace on the sleeves, etc. The drums were brass with provincial coats of arms embossed on the front. The rims were blue with yellow edging. The pikes used as staffs to carry the colours were always yellow. The Liffana had gold finials while the Kompanifana had steel finials. The colours measured 2.12 x 1.70 m. (1.81 x 1.33 m. as per Clifford). Liffana (colonel flag): white field; centre device carried the crowned royal arms of Sweden flanked by 2 crowned golden lions; the outer corner of the first canton carried a golden helmet and 2 blue flags with yellow cross. N.B.: for the liffana, Clifford adds a pedestal supporting the arms, the letters “AFRS” above the arms and 1 royal crown in the corner of each of the 3 remaining cantons. Kompanifana (ordonnance flag): red field; centre device consisting of a golden helmet and 2 blue flags with yellow cross; the whole surrounded by a green laurel wreath tied with a gold ribbon. The colonel's battalion carried the Liffana and a Kompanifana. The lieutenant-colonel's battalion carried 2 Kompanifanor. Großer Generalstab: Die Kriege Friedrichs des Großen - Dritter Teil: Der Siebenjährige Krieg 1756–1763. Vol. 6 Leuthen, Kriegsgeschichtliche Abteilung II (Publisher), Berlin 1904, pp.92-107, Annex pp. 11-16 Högman, Hans: Svenska regementen under indelningsverkets dagar (broken link) Höglund, Lars-Eric and Ake Sallnäs: The Great Northern War 1700-1721, Colours and Uniforms, Acedia Press, Karlstadt, 2000 Pengel, R. D. and G. R. Hurt: Swedish Army in Pomerania – 1757-1763, Birmingham, 1983 Purky, Jim: Swedish Army Organization, Seven Years War Association Journal Vol. X No. 1 Säwe, Teofron: Sveriges deltagande i Sjuåriga Kriget Åren 1757-1762, Beijers Bokförlagsaktiebolag, Stockholm, 1915 Schirmer, Friedrich: Die Heere der kriegführenden Staaten 1756-1763, published by KLIO-Landesgruppe Baden-Württemberg, Neuauflage 1989 Schorr, Dan: Swedish Flags 1757-1762 - Part II Infantry Flags, The Courrier, March-April 1980 Schorr, Dan: Uniforms of the Swedish Army, 1757-1762, The Courrier, June-July 1979 Wilson, Peter: The Swedish Army in 1756, Seven Years War Association Journal Vol. X No. 1 N.B.: the section Service during the War is mostly derived from our articles depicting the various campaigns, battles and sieges. موافقت کمیسیون برنامه با افزایش 25 درصدی حقوق ها در سال 1400 به گزارش وبلاگ بلاگ پو، تهران (پانا) - نایب رئیس کمیسیون برنامه و بودجه مجلس شورای اسلامی با اشاره به بررسی جزئیات لایحه بودجه در جلسه امروز این کمیسیون از موافقت اعضای کمیسیون با افزایش 25 درصدی حقوق ها در لایحه بودجه 1400 خبر داد. به گزارش ایسنا، محمد خدابخشی با اشاره به جلسه بعدازظهر امروز (سه شنبه) کمیسیون برنامه برای بررسی لایحه بودجه 1400 با حضور کارشناسان مرکز پژوهش های مجلس و سازمان برنامه و بودجه گفت: پیش از این کمیسیون تا تبصره 9 بودجه را بررسی کرده بود و در این جلسه هم تا تبصره 13 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. وی اضافه کرد: براساس مصوبه ای در تبصره 9 این لایحه مقرر شد، صد در صد وجوه اداره شده پرداختی مربوط به وام های دانشجویی از سال 1385 تا 1399 به میزان 150 میلیارد تومان واریزی به خزانه کل کشور، برای کمک به صندوق رفاه دانشجویان به سرمایه صندوق اضافه شود تا وزارت علوم بتواند از این طریق به دانشجویان دانشگاه و موسسات آموزش عالی کشور وام شهریه پرداخت کند. البته مبالغی از این محل توسط وزارت علوم در اختیار دانشگاه آزاد نیز قرار خواهد گرفت تا وام شهریه به دانشجویان پرداخت شود. خدابخشی ادامه داد: اعضای کمیسیون برنامه، بودجه و محاسبات با میزان افزایش 25 درصدی حقوق مربوط به کارکنان دستگاه های اجرایی، اعضای هیئت علمی، قضات و بازنشستگان مندرج در لایحه بودجه 1400 موافقت کردند. به گفته وی، براساس مصوبه کمیسیون برنامه و بودجه سقف معافیت مالیاتی برای سال 1400 به طور سالانه 48 میلیون تومان و به عبارت دیگر حقوق های دریافتی تا سقف 4 میلیون تومان معاف از مالیات خواهد بود. همچنین میزان معافیت مالیاتی سالانه برای مستغلات اشخاص هم سالانه 36 میلیون تومان تعیین شد و به عبارت دیگر مشاغل آزاد و اصناف با درآمد سالانه تا 36 میلیون تومان از پرداخت مالیات معاف خواهند بود. وی اضافه کرد: همچنین تصمیم گیری درباره پرداخت پاداش سرانجام خدمت هم به مراعا گذاشته شد و مقرر شد در یک کارگروه این موضوع بررسی شود.منبع: خبرگزاری پانا طرح توجیهی سازمان منطقه آزاد بوشهر، نوشتاری تخصصی و جامع از اطلاعات فنی، اقتصادی و بازار کسب و کارهای فعال در این منطقه می باشد. طرح توجیهی فوق، ایده و طرح سرمایه گذاران را برای راه اندازی در منطقه آزاد بوشهر بررسی کرده و فرصت ها و تهدیدات موجود را به آنها ارائه می دهد. مناطق آزاد تجاری و صنعتی، مناطقی مرزی از کشور هستند که تابع مقررات خاصی بوده و مشمول برخی بخشودگی های مالیاتی، گمرکی و ... می باشند. منطقه آزاد بوشهر از جمله طرح های پیشنهادی برای مناطق آزاد است که به تصویب رسیده و در دست اجرا است. راه اندازی منطقه آزاد بوشهر با هدف توسعه پایدار استان بوشهر، به فعل رساندن فرصت های خاموش اقتصادی در منطقه، تسهیل صادرات و واردات و همچنین گسترش تعاملات اقتصادی و تجاری با کشورهای خارجی صورت می پذیرد. تهیه طرح توجیهی سازمان منطقه آزاد
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است، در حفاریهای اخیر در ناحیه «دمانیسی» به دست آمده است. اواخر عصر مفرغ و اوایل عصر آهن، سراسر گرجستان پیشرفت وسیعی را در حوزه اقتصادی شاهد بود که همراه با سطح بالایی از صنایع دستی، گسترش روابط تجاری و توأم با افزایش نابرابریهای اجتماعی بود. در اواخر نیمه دوم هزاره دوم پیش از میلاد مسیح، شرایط لازم برای ظهور یک جامعه طبقاتی ایجاد شده بود. از هزاره دوم پیش از میلاد مسیح، همزمان با قدرت گرفتن آشوریها، اقوام گلهدار و دامپرور از سرزمین بینالنهرین در گرجستان سکني گزیدند؛ که بعدها امپراتوری اورارتو را تشکیل دادند... . در این کتاب با مروری بر تاریخچه مسلمانان گرجستان، خاطرات نویسنده از سفر به گرجستان و شرایط مختلف آن، ارائه شده است. منبع Bizim Rumeli Türkler, Balkan Yarımadası'na "Rumeli" der. Osmanlı Devleti döneminde bölge hakkında söylenen addır. 'Rum ülkesi', 'Rum memleketi' anlamına gelmektedir. Şimdi size Osman Yavuz Saral'ın kaleme aldığı "Kaybettiğimiz Rumeli" adlı yapıttan bahsedeceğim. Saral, aslında kitabında "kaybettiğimiz bir vatan"ı anlatmaktadır. Bilindiği gibi Türkler 1263, bazı kaynaklarda 1262'de Dobruca bölgesine yerleşmişlerdir. 1321'de Osmanlı Türkleri'nden bir gurup Rumeli'ye geçerek Trakya ve Makedonya kıyılarında dolaştılar, bölgeyi kolaçan ettiler. Yani gözden geçirdiler, incelediler. 1327 yılında Bizans İmparatoru ile torunu arasında taht yüzünden gerginlik yaşanır. Bunun üzerine İmparator Orhan Gazi'den yardım ister. 1333'te Bizans İmparatoru Andere Nikos da, Sırplarla yaptığı savaşta Türklerden yardım ister. 1335 yılında Aydın oğlu Umur Bey, Gümülcine'nin Güney kısmına asker gönderir. Askerler bölgede bir süre kaldıktan sonra geri döner. 1354 yılında Türkler Rumeli'ye tamamen yerleşir. * Saral eserini sekiz bölüm halinde hazırlamıştır. Birinci kısımda Rumeli'nin adı, sınırları, Türklerin Rumeli'ye geçiş sebepleri gibi konulara değinmektedir. İkinci bölümde Türkiye, Bulgaristan, Yunanistan, Yugoslavya ve Macaristan'daki şehirler hakkında bilgi verilmektedir. Üçüncü bölümde Sırp Sındığı baskını (1364) ile Birinci ve İkinci Kosova Savaşları, Varna Meydan Muharebesi'nin de arasında olduğu birçok savaştan ve sonuçlarından bahsedilmektedir. Dördüncü bölüm de Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun küçülmeğe başlaması, Yunanistan olayları, Yunanistan'ın kurulması gibi ara başlıklar yer almaktadır. Beşinci bölüm de "Balkan Harbi'nden önceki siyasi durum, Balkan Harbi, Rumeli'nin boşaltılması, Yenilmemizin sebepleri, Rumeli'den yapılan göçler gibi konulara değinilmektedir. Altıncı bölümde Trakya'da meydana gelen olaylar ile Batı Trakya Türk Cumhuriyeti hakkında bilgi verilmektedir. Yedinci bölümde "Bulgar ayaklanması", sekizinci bölümde de "Makedonya'da komitacılar nasıl çalıştı" başlığı yer almaktadır. * Osman Yavuz Saral'ın "Kaybettiğimiz Rumeli" adlı eseri, Boğaziçi yayınlarından 1975 yılında çıktı. Ben kitabı iki kez okudum. Zaman zaman yine elime alır karıştırırım, işaretlediğim yerleri tekrar tekrar okurum. Ramis Çınar'ın da "Elveda Rumeli" adlı romanı var. Yine ayrıca rahmetli Ahmet Aydınlı'nın İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Yayınları'ndan 2012 yılında çıkan Batı Trakya Faciasının İç Yüzü adlı bir araştırması var. Bu kitaplar da mutlaka okunmalı. Unutulmamalı ki Rumeli bizim kaybettiğimiz vatan... Esen kalın. Tuesday, January 28, 2014 Carbon Footprint by Zipcode Source: UC Berkeley CoolClimate Network, Average Annual Household Carbon Footprint (2013) Well, we city-dwellers have known all along that it is more environmentally beneficial to live in high density urban areas. But now we have the unfortunate evidence that, alas, any carbon footprint benefits accruing to cities are more than offset by the much higher carbon footprint of our suburban counterparts in the nearby hinterlands, and based upon a visual inspection of the mapped data, it appears that the wealthier suburban communities are definitely the bigger energy hogs than their poorer suburban neighbors or rural areas. There are a series of cool interactive maps (at http://coolclimate.berkeley.edu/maps and thanks, Tom Paino, for sending me the link) allowing you to zoom into any zipcode in the continental US and see how the annual household carbon footprint has been tallied, considering transportation, housing, food, goods, and services. My zipcode, 10033 in Washington Heights, NYC, for example, is rather carbon thrifty, at 34.6 metric tons of CO2 equivalent, while just across the Hudson River in 07632 Englewood Cliffs, NJ, it is nearly double at 69.5, and in Old Westbury, on Long Island to the east of NYC, it is 95, almost triple. Baltimore City, MD (21201) is positively parsimonious at 25, and Baltimore shows up on the map as a green oasis in a sea of reds and oranges, denoting the surrounding suburban household carbon footprints double that of the inner city. There was one thing that I question on this map and that is there is no legend, so we cannot see what the class ranges are for each color. When you touch on each zipcode, the stats for that zipcode pop up, but it seemed to me that the same color represented different ranges, perhaps dependent upon the state. Therefore it is difficult to make any consistent inferences based on the zipcode color, which obviously can be somewhat misleading in making visual comparisons. There are two other interactive maps: Average annual household energy (electricity, natural gas, other) carbon footprint by zipcode (where, again the contrast between Washington Heights in Upper Manhattan around 6 and Old Westbury at 16 is amazing!). The third map is average monthly vehicle miles traveled per household by zipcode, (and of course in many parts of NYC, households have on average as low as 0.1 vehicle per household. In other words, in many parts of the city, only one in 10 households has a car, on average. The vehicle miles traveled is figured by multiplying vehicle miles traveled per month by the number of vehicles per household. I found the assumptions of this calculation a little odd – nearly every zipcode in the country had households driving about 1,200- 1,400 miles per month, and I think there should be much more variation in this figure. Only in some isolated areas in the western and northern US were households driving 1,500-1,700 miles per month, otherwise it seems that every household puts on essentially the same mileage. I think if you live in NYC and are crazy enough to have a car there, the last thing you would be doing is sitting in your car racking up 1,200 miles a month. If so, that’s about all you would have time to do traveling at the snail’s pace that is NYC traffic! That’s an average of 40 miles per day, and virtually no one within the city would drive a 40 miles per day commute or just go joy-riding around for 40 miles per day. But other than those relatively minor cavils (and knowing how difficult it is to keep a nation-wide study consistent when there is such extreme variation across zipcodes) the maps are fascinating and the study seems sound. This shows how the suburban areas create a much higher carbon footprint than the cities or rural areas, from Philadelphia to New York City. Here’s the abstract from the paper the maps in which the maps appear: “Which municipalities and locations within the United States contribute the most to household greenhouse gas emissions, and what is the effect of population density and suburbanization on emissions? Using national household surveys, we developed econometric models of demand for energy, transportation, food, goods, and services that were used to derive average household carbon footprints (HCF) for U.S. zip codes, cities, counties, and metropolitan areas. We find consistently lower HCF in urban core cities (40 tCO2e) and higher carbon footprints in outlying suburbs (50 tCO2e), with a range from 25 to >80 tCO2e in the 50 largest metropolitan areas. Population density exhibits a weak but positive correlation with HCF until a density threshold is met, after which range, mean, and standard deviation of HCF decline. While population density contributes to relatively low HCF in the central cities of large metropolitan areas, the more extensive suburbanization in these regions contributes to an overall net increase in HCF compared to smaller metropolitan areas. Suburbs alone account for 50% of total U.S. HCF. Differences in the size, composition, and location of household carbon footprints suggest the need for tailoring of greenhouse gas mitigation efforts to different populations.” From: Christopher M. Jones and Daniel M. Kammen, Spatial Distribution of U.S. Household Carbon Footprints Reveals Suburbanization Undermines Greenhouse Gas Benefits of Urban Population Density. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2013, dx.doi.org/10.1021/es4034364 Frequently asked questions about the paper (and including limitations of the study and urban planning implications) are at: http://coolclimate.berkeley.edu/files/coolclimate/Jones-Kammen-CarbonFootprint-FAQ-EST-1-10-2014.pdf The American Carbon Footprint Also, here’s another cool website with interactive maps, showing global carbon footprints by current emissions, per capita, intensity, and cumulative emissions, going back to 1850 at the dawn of high industrialization. Very enlightening! http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/energy/great-energy-challenge/global-footprints/ And we couldn’t forget Danny Dorling’s amazing global cartograms of CO2 emissions, from the Worldmapper team at WWW.worldmapper.org 17 سال پیش، هلیکوپترهای Ka-50 - "کوسه سیاه" به تصویب رسید در سال 1991، در نمایشگاه بین المللی هوافضا در Farnborough، خارجی هواپیمایی کارشناسان واقعاً تحت تأثیر تواناییهای اولین هلیکوپتر پشتیبانی آتش تک سرنشین جهان، ساخته شده توسط طراحان شوروی، مجهز به کابین زرهی و یک سیستم نجات قابل اعتماد قرار گرفتند. چهار سال بعد، هلیکوپتر Ka-50 ("کوسه سیاه") وارد خدمت شد و به تولید انبوه رسید. این هلیکوپتر بر اساس طرح دو پیچ سنتی برای شرکت کاموف ساخته شده است و مجهز به سلاح های قدرتمند است - 12 موشک هدایت شونده ضد تانک مافوق صوت Whirlwind (در فاصله 10 کیلومتری آنها به زره 900 میلی متری نفوذ می کنند)، بلوک های هشت دوجین موشک های هوا به هوای هدایت نشده 80 میلی متری زمین»، موشک هایی برای مبارزه با دشمن هوایی. همچنین یک تفنگ پیاده نظام A30A2 42 میلی متری در زرادخانه آن وجود دارد که در هواپیماهای افقی و عمودی با مهمات انتخابی می چرخد. قدرت شلیک Ka-50 با ویژگی های پرواز منحصر به فرد ترکیب شده است که تا حد زیادی توسط طرح طراحی آن تعیین می شود. فقط یک هلیکوپتر کواکسیال می تواند به طور غیرمنتظره ای برای دشمن با سرعت 90 کیلومتر در ساعت به پهلو برود یا به طور ناگهانی "پشت پشت" را انجام دهد. Ka-50 همچنین مجهز به تجهیزات ناوبری و پرواز پیشرفته بود. خلبان توسط یک کابین کاملاً زره پوش محافظت می شود که می تواند در برابر ضربه مستقیم پرتابه های 23 میلی متری مقاومت کند و شیشه از ترکش و گلوله های کالیبر بزرگ ترسی ندارد. Ka-50 پایه و اساس هلیکوپترهای مجهز به صندلی پرتاب خلبان K-37 را گذاشت. به منظور مطالعه استفاده رزمی از مجتمع جدید هلیکوپتر کا-50 با سلاح های جدید، از 28 دسامبر 2000 تا 14 فوریه 2001، دو هلیکوپتر کا-50 در یک عملیات ضد تروریستی در قلمرو جمهوری چچن شرکت کردند. بخشی از یک گروه ضربتی رزمی ویژه تشکیل شده است. ذکر این نکته ضروری است که آزمایش "کوسه سیاه" در مناطق کوهستانی، شرایط نامساعد جوی و با مخالفت فعال دشمن انجام شد. امتحانات رزمی با نمرات عالی قبول شد. امروزه کا-50ها در مرکز هوانوردی تورژوک در خدمت هستند و نسخه های اصلاح شده کا-52 تمساح آنها در حال تحویل به واحدهای هوانوردی نیروی هوایی است. % 60 amonyak ve% 40 dimetil eter karışımı olan R723, birçok şirket ve kurum için çevre dostu bir soğutucu olarak ilgi çekici hale geldi. Kaynakların çevre dostu kullanımına sürekli artan ilginin olduğu zamanlarda, soğutma teknolojisi de sürdürülebilir alternatifler arıyor - ancak Federal Çevre Ajansı'na göre, Almanya'daki toplam enerji talebinin% 14'ünü oluşturuyor. R723, birkaç yıllık araştırma sonucunda geliştirilmiştir. İsim, doğal soğutucu akışkanlara (seri 700) ve ortalama 23 g / mol molekül ağırlığına atanmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Karışım, keskin kokulu, renksiz, sıvılaştırılmış bir gazdır. Kütle olarak, R723,% 60 amonyak ve% 40 bir itici olan dimetil eterden oluşur. Karışım, azeotropik kaynama ve yoğunlaşma davranışı gösterir. Bu, buharlaşma ve yoğuşma sırasında konsantrasyon kaymasının meydana gelmediği ve karışımın basit damıtma ile ayrılamayacağı anlamına gelir. Saf bir madde gibi davranır ve bu nedenle tek maddeli bir soğutucu gibi kullanılabilir. Amonyak dimetil eter, yüzde 100 doğal bir soğutucudur. Amonyak, soğutma işleminde kullanılmak üzere sentetik olarak üretilse de, dünyanın malzeme döngülerinde meydana geldiği için doğal bir madde olarak kabul edilmektedir. Amonyak, endüstriyel soğutmada uzun süredir kanıtlanmıştır ve ozon tabakasının incelmesine veya sera etkisine katkıda bulunmadığından iklim açısından çok iyi bir soğutucudur. Amonyak etkilidir ve sistemlerin daha düşük işletim maliyetlerine yol açar. R723 daha da verimlidir: Karışım, amonyaktan daha büyük hacimsel soğutma gücüne sahiptir. Bu nedenle aynı kapasitede çok daha büyük soğutma gücü gerçekleştirebilir. Bu, özellikle başlangıçta amonyak ve ardından R723 ile çalıştırılan soğutma sistemlerinde doğrudan bir karşılaştırmada açıkça görülmektedir. Burada, COP değerinde (Performans Katsayısı)% 7'lik bir iyileştirme elde edildi. Toksik etkilerle ilgili olarak, amonyak için geçerli bilgilere uyulmalıdır. Katkı maddesi bileşeni dimetil eterin spesifik toksikolojik etkileri bilinmemektedir. Temel olarak, amonyaklı soğutma sistemleri R723 ile doldurulabilir ve çalıştırılabilir. Bununla birlikte, bireysel başvurular dikkate alınmalıdır. Materyal uyumluluğu amonyak ile aynıdır. Bununla birlikte, dönüştürme her zaman ilgili bileşen üreticileriyle teyit edilmelidir. Madde karışımının enerji verimliliği, yüksek performans katsayısı ve yüksek yağ çözünürlüğü ile tamamlanmaktadır. Diğer bir avantaj, daha düşük sıkıştırma son sıcaklığından kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu, pistonlu kompresörlerin makul bir şekilde daha büyük bir sıcaklık salınımına ulaşmasını sağlar. R723 sadece ekolojik değil, aynı zamanda ekonomik olarak da sürdürülebilir. Sentetik soğutucu akışkanlara kıyasla satın alma maliyetleri açısından ucuz olarak sınıflandırılabilir. Tasarruf, sadece sistemin ilk doldurulmasında değil, özellikle düşük sızıntı kayıp
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istirahat halindeyken ellerde görülen sürekli ve ritmik titreme, kasların düzensiz kasılması sonucu oluşan vücutta sertlik hissi ve duruş bozukluklarıyla ortaya çıkan Parkinson hastalığı, vücudun bir tarafında başlar ve bulgular yıllar içinde artarak vücudun diğer tarafına da geçer. Parkinson hastalığı için risk faktörleri nelerdir? Birçok farklı nörolojik hastalıkta olduğu gibi, Parkinson hastalığının da kesin nedeni henüz tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Doğrudan genetik geçişli olmasa da küçük bir kısmında hastalığa yol açabilecek çeşitli genetik özellikler keşfedilmiştir. Belirli toksinlere veya çevresel faktörlere erken maruz kalmanın da Parkinson hastalığının gelişme şansını artırabilmesi olasıdır. Parkinson tanısı nasıl konulur? Parkinson hastalığı ayırıcı tanısı için beyin MR görüntülemesi veya kan tahlili yapılabilir; ancak bu tetkikler Parkinson hastalığına benzeyen hastalıkları dışlamak amacı ile yapılır. Tanı, hastanın klinik hikayesi ve nörolojik muayene ile konulmaktadır. Kaynak: (BHA) – Beyaz Haber Ajansı گروه ورزشی: سرمربی اسبق تیم فوتبال استقلال گفت: سعادتمند با من تماس گرفت و اعلام کرد تصمیم دارد در اولین فرصت با من در امارات برای پرونده موجود در فیفا ملاقات کند. وینفرد شفر در خصوص اینکه طی روزهای اخیر کسی از باشگاه استقلال با وی تماس گرفته است یا خیر اظهار داشت: بله، آقای سعادتمند که به تازگی به هیات مدیره باشگاه استقلال بازگشته، با من تماس گرفت و اعلام کرد میخواهد در اولین فرصت پس از این که شرایط به حالت عادی بازگشت، با من در امارات ملاقات کند تا در مورد پرونده ای که در فیفا وجود دارد، رو در رو گفت و گو کنیم.وی افزود: من یادم هست که ایشان بر خلاف کسانی که در استقلال مشکلات بسیاری برای تیم، بازیکنان، کادر فنی و هواداران به وجود آوردند، انسان منطقی است. فکر میکنم بتوانیم با یکدیگر در این خصوص صحبت کنیم و باید دید بعد از این نشست چه اتفاقی میافتد.سرمربی اسبق تیم فوتبال استقلال تاکید کرد: من برای هواداران استقلال و مردم ایران بهترین آرزوها را دارم. آرزو دارم سعادتمند بهترین تصمیم ها را برای موفقیت استقلال اتخاذ کند و بهترین حمایت ها را داشته باشد. اما مهمتر از این ها، برای همه مردم ایران آرزوی سلامتی دارم. من اخبار جهان را روزانه پیگیری میکنم و با دوستانم در سایر کشورها و ایران در ارتباط هستم. این ویروس یک چالش بزرگ است و امیدوارم زودتر به پایان برسد. - The NATO alphabet was designed so every letter not only sounded different than other letters but also was easy to pronounce and understand by all NATO members. - In the 1920s, this alphabet was not only used in the United States but also recognized by other countries. - Although the original design was geared towards inclusion of languages, it was not easy to understand or pronounce. From radio operators to customer service agents, many careers require spellings to be communicated clearly. A misspelled word could lead to a frustrating experience, or it could be a fatal mistake. That’s why the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) uses a standardized spelling method to send signals and spell out words in important communications. Learn more about this phonetic alphabet including its history and uses. Why NATO Uses Phonetic Alphabet Military Code Words Describing the position of a rescue helicopter or directing a ship to a particular port requires specific signals. NATO recognized the need for a phonetic alphabet to spell out messages that were easily recognized despite background noise or language barriers. It took some time for the universal NATO alphabet shortcode to be finalized. It did in 1956, however, and remains a standard communication practice for military branches, civilians, and amateur radio communication. The 26 NATO Alphabet Shortcode Words There was some debate on the best words to stand for each letter in a recognizable way like using Alfa, Bravo, Charlie, and Delta. Here are the 26 that NATO determined to be part of their phonetic alphabet: - Alfa (This is the official NATO spelling, though many civilians spell it “Alpha.”) History of the NATO Phonetic Alphabet The NATO alphabet was specifically chosen to ensure every letter not only sounded different than other letters but also was easy to pronounce and understand by all NATO members. The first instance of an internationally recognized phonetic alphabet occurred before the existence of NATO. Explore the different alphabets proposed throughout the years before the 26 official military code words were chosen. International Telecommunication Union Alphabet In the 1920s, this alphabet was not only used in the United States but was internationally recognized. The International Telecommunication Union created this alphabet which used the names of global cities and other recognizable names to stand for each letter. Unfortunately, the words weren’t as easy to remember or pronounce. When the U.S. military chose instead to create its own phonetic alphabet, this option was gradually replaced. Able Baker Alphabet Both the Army and Navy adopted the Able Baker alphabet, named after the two code words that stand for “A” and “B.” It didn’t include all of the well-known NATO alphabet shortcode words, like Alfa, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, and the others. The other branches of the military also adopted it in 1941, with the British Royal Air Force adopting it in 1943. While popular and used for more than a decade, this alphabet was difficult for other NATO allies to learn. Spanish and French speakers had difficulties with some unusual words and pronunciation choices in military code words. The English composition of Able Baker made its application beyond the U.S. and U.K. military branches limited, so the International Air Transport Association (IATA) developed a phonetic alphabet very similar to the modern NATO alphabet in 1951. The 1951 IATA phonetic alphabet was reviewed by NATO and altered in a few critical ways. The letters C, M, N, U, and X were all altered and submitted to the International Civil Aviation Organization. On March 1, 1956, the current phonetic alphabet was adopted by NATO and soon became the universal way to clearly communicate in military, civilian, and radio communication. Other NATO Codes and Signals The phonetic alphabet is only one standard form of communication adopted by NATO, member governments, and military branches. Here are some other official forms of communication. Some are still commonly used, like ship flag signals. Others, like Morse code, are rarely used. In the 1890s, Morse code was one of the most popular ways to communicate at a distance. A series of dots and dashes represented letters and could be communicated using lights, clicks, tones, and telegraph signals. It’s been used for civilian communication, international maritime emergencies, and other purposes. Today, it’s only occasionally used for vessels wishing to communicate without using digital transmissions. Forms of semaphore have been around since at least 1794. This form of communication requires flags to be held in specific positions to communicate numbers or letters. While not as heavily relied on as it was in the past, NATO members still use this to send messages. Similar to semaphore, NATO flaghoist communication uses flags as signals. It’s mainly used to communicate between ships. The flags can be combined to create sentences in daylight. It may be more limited for longer messages but can send short messages accurately and quickly. Finally, NATO uses panel signals to send messages to aircraft from ground forces. Ground forces can request medical supplies, emergency support, and other aid from aircraft in the nearby area without using radio communication or other transmissions. - Web Scripting Virus: How it Works and How to Protect Yourself - ALAC vs FLAC: What Are The Differences? - The Best Sublimation Printer: Reviewed for 2022 – And Best Deals Limiti di caricamento dell'account Durante il caricamento di più foto e video in Picasa Web Album, tieni a mente i seguenti limiti dell'account: - Dimensione massima delle foto: ogni immagine non può superare 75 MB. - Dimensione massima del video: ogni video caricato non può superare 10 GB. - Numero massimo di album web: 20.000 - Numero massimo di foto e video per album web: 2.000 - Spazio totale di archiviazione: Picasa Web offre 15 GB di spazio per foto e video. I file al di sotto di determinate dimensioni non vengono conteggiati per questo limite. Envanter satışının özünde bir ürün finansmanı düzenlemesi olduğu durumlar vardır. Aşağıdaki durumlardan herhangi birinde işlemin bir finansman düzenlemesi olması muhtemeldir: Satıcı, yeni sattığı ürünü veya esasen aynı olan bir birimi geri almayı kabul eder. Satıcı, öğeyi üçüncü bir şahsın satın almasını taahhüt eder ve ardından öğeyi üçüncü taraftan almayı kabul eder. Satıcı, önceki durumlardan herhangi birinde satılan ürünün elden çıkarılmasını kontrol eder. Satıcının envanteri yeniden edinmesi için bir seçenek, seçeneği kullanmamanın bir cezası varsa, sattığı ürünleri geri satın alma taahhüdü ile aynıdır. Aynı muamele, bayinin satıcıya karşı uygulayabileceği bir satım opsiyonu için de geçerlidir. Bir ürün finansmanı düzenlemesinin, bir yeniden satış fiyatı garantisi olduğunda ortaya çıkması daha olasıdır; bu nedenle, orijinal satıcı, bayiye sattığı fiyat ile bayinin üçüncü bir tarafa sattığı fiyat arasındaki herhangi bir açığı ödemeyi kabul eder. Bir ürün finansman düzenlemesinin muhasebesi, bunu bir satış işlemi değil, bir borçlanma düzenlemesi olarak ele almaktır. Bu nedenle, "satıcı", "satılan" varlığın mülkiyetini ve geri satın alma yükümlülüğüne ilişkin bir yükümlülüğü rapor etmeye devam eder. Geri satın alma yükümlülüğünün muhasebeleştirilmesinde iki varyasyon vardır: Birincil geri satın alan kişi . Satıcı ürünü geri almayı taahhüt ederse, ilk finansman işleminden elde ettiği gelirleri alır almaz geri satın alma yükümlülüğünü kaydeder. İkincil geri alıcı . Bir üçüncü şahıs ürünü geri almayı taahhüt etmişse, satıcı, ürün üçüncü şahıs tarafından satın alınır alınmaz geri satın alma yükümlülüğünü kaydeder. Ek olarak, satıcı, alıcının yaptığı her türlü finansman ve elde tutma maliyetini tahakkuk eder. Aşağıdaki örnek kavramı göstermektedir. Ürün Finansmanı Düzenlemesi Örneği Armadillo Industries, başka bir varlığın ArmaLoan adı altında yasal olarak yaratıldığı, Armadillo'daki envanteri tek varlığı olarak kabul ettiği ve ardından envanterin bir kredi almak için teminat olarak kullandığı ve ardından fonları Armadillo'ya gönderdiği bir işleme girer. Düzenlemenin bir parçası olarak Armadillo, ArmaLoan adına envanter depolama maliyetlerinin yanı sıra ArmaLoan tarafından banka finansmanı için yapılan faiz ücretleriyle eşleşen envanter faizini de öder. Armadillo, kredi düzenlemesi sona erdiğinde envanteri bir yıl içinde geri almayı kabul eder. Baccharis pilularis, called Coyote Brush (or Bush), Chaparral Broom, and Bush Baccharis, is a shrub in the Asteraceae that grows in California, Oregon, and Baja California. This shrub is generally smaller than 3 meters in height. It is glabrous and generally sticky. The stems are prostrate to erect which branches spreading or ascending. The leaves are 8–55 mm long and are entire to toothed and oblanceolate to obovate, with three principal veins. The heads are in a leafy panicle. The involucres are hemispheric to bell shaped. This species is dioecious (pistillate and staminate flowers occur on separate plants). Both staminate and pistillate heads are 3.5–5 mm long. Phyllaries are in 4–6 series, ovate, and glabrous. The receptacles are convex to conic and honeycombed. The staminate flowers range from 20–30 and there are 19–43 pistillate flowers. They are found in a variety of habitats, from coastal bluffs to oak woodlands. Erect plants are generally mixed (and intergrade completely) with prostrate plants. It is known as a secondary pioneer plant in communities such as coastal sage scrub and chaparral. In California grasslands, it comes in late and invades and increases in the absence of fire or grazing. Coyote bush invasion of grasslands is important because it helps the establishment of other coastal sage species. Coyote bush is common in coastal sage scrub, but it does not regenerate under a closed shrub canopy because seedling growth is poor in the shade. Coast live oak, California bay, or other shade tolerant species replace coastal sage scrub and other coyote bush-dominated areas, particularly when there hasn't been fire and grazing. Coyote bush is used infrequently in cultivation. It requires good drainage and moderate summer watering. Coyote brush is also drought tolerant, very useful for hedges or fence lines and for ground cover. It is rather deer-proof. It requires watering once a week until established and then about once per month during the first summer. It can mature in one to two years. The Jepson Manual, the definitive flora for the state of California, calls erect plants just Baccharis pilularis , the same name as the ground cover form. They are considered the same species, because the short and tall plants intergrade completely. Yet only male plants are utilized in landscaping for Baccharis pilularis . If these are substituted for B. pilularis consanguinea in ecological restoration, there will not be as much seed set and recruitment of new individuals. Baccharis species are nectar sources for most of the predatory wasps, native small butterflies and native flies. Case study: Search + orientation patterns 1. Online catalogues Visitors who access the online catalogue know either specifically what they are looking for or have at least a vague idea in form of keywords, or an author. About two thirds of users who access the online catalogue will not be able to find something and move on to the information desk. The main reason is the complexity of the search mask, which causes users to submit erroneous search queries. In some cases the wrong search field was used. In other instances, the wrong search field was used. Users of the online catalogue (OPAC) are mostly not aware of advanced features such as truncating an entry to conduct a broader search. In the event users found what they were looking for in the catalogue, they noted down the book’s library code and sought the desired medium in the inventory. 2. Information desks Visitors who have a vague topic in mind go straight to the information desk, or ask a clerk about navigating the facility. When not inquiring about a search, visitors resolve administrative matters such as address changes, paying outstanding- or late fees, extending a book loan, or reserving a type of medium. General questions related to search are be e.g.: - “What do you have on the topic XYZ?” - “Do you have books by this author?” - “Where can I find the biology section?” Another portion of visitors conducted a failed search query on the online catalogue, and have questions around whether what they are looking for is available. Visitors whose search through the online catalogue was unsuccessful would question if what they were looking for were available. Librarians always accompany visitors to the sought-after items and assist in any way possible. 3. Navigating the space When directly browsing the library inventory, users found their way around. This is mostly because those who directly browse are frequent users and know where to go. In rare cases, they will ask someone at the information desk. After using the online catalogue, library visitors felt that finding
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ful expression of sous vide cooking. The key technique in sous vide remains cooking food in a vacuum-sealed bag in a precise water bath. What Types of Meat Can Be Cooked Sous Vide? Sous vide is incredibly versatile and can be used to cook various types of meat, including: - Short ribs - and more! The precise temperature control of sous vide ensures that these meats are cooked to perfection. What Is the Difference Between Sous Vide and Traditional Boiling? The main difference between sous vide and traditional boiling lies in the cooking method: - Sous Vide: Food is vacuum-sealed and cooked at a precise, lower temperature in a water bath. It's a gentle and controlled cooking process. - Traditional Boiling: Food is submerged in boiling water at a high temperature, which can lead to overcooking and loss of flavor and moisture. Sous vide results in more tender, flavorful, and evenly cooked dishes compared to traditional boiling. Describe the Sous Vide Process Step by Step. The sous vide process can be broken down into several steps: - Season: Season the food with herbs, spices, and seasonings. - Seal: Place the seasoned food in a vacuum-sealable bag and remove air using a vacuum sealer. - Preheat: Set your sous vide machine to the desired cooking temperature and allow it to preheat the water bath. - Cook: Submerge the sealed bag in the water bath and cook for the specified time. - Finish: Optionally, finish the food by searing, grilling, or broiling for a crispy outer texture. - Serve: Plate your perfectly cooked sous vide dish and enjoy! What Are Some Recommended Sous Vide Recipe Books or Series? There are several excellent resources for sous vide recipes: - “Sous Vide at Home” by Lisa Q. Fetterman - “The Complete Sous Vide Cookbook” by Chris McDonald - Online platforms like ChefSteps and Anova Culinary offer a wide range of sous vide recipes. - YouTube channels such as “Sous Vide Everything” provide video demonstrations of sous vide cooking. Cassintegrato Cassaintegrato Vi siete mai chiesti come viene definito colui che percepisce la Cassa Integrazione? Si scrive Cassintegrato o Cassaintegrato? La risposta corretta è: in entrambi i modi. La conferma arriva da tutti i principali dizionari della lingua italiana. Come si scrive al femminile? Cassaintegrata o Cassintegrata? Così come avviene per il maschile, al femminile si può scrivere in entrambe le maniere. Come si scrive al plurale? Cassaintegrati o Cassintegrati? Cassaintegrate o Cassintegrate? La risposta a questa domanda è tanto banale quanto necessaria: si scrive in entrambi i modi, sia al plurale maschile, che al plurale femminile. Aiuta la lingua italiana a sopravvivere Se conosci qualcuno che ha sbagliato a scrivere questa parola faglielo sapere, condividendo questa pagina. 那个触手怪让人不禁虎躯一震- - 我们生而为人,是一个能够独立思考,有着自己思维方式的个体。人类文明之所以能够延续至今,除了令人惊叹的智慧外,还依靠着丰富的想象力。 当我们听到单词时,我们就会考虑与这些单词相关的事物。 例如,当我们听到“小”这个词时,我们会想到一个针或一个蚂蚁,当我们听到“大”这个词时,我们会想到鲸鱼和行星。 但是如果有一天你醒来时,发现周围的一切都与你的刻板印象相反时,那该怎么办?如果你看到一些非常大的东西,但你的思想不愿意接受那个东西的大小,那又该怎么办?比如一只巨大的蚂蚁和一只迷你大象。那时候你还能识别到你所看到的东西吗? 《大小事物(Big Small Things)》是一款由Polypups研发并发行的休闲益智VR游戏,目前已经登陆了Oculus应用商店移动平台。游戏售价为0.99美元(折合约RMB 7元)支持Gear VR、Oculus Go设备,适配英语,感兴趣的玩家们可以前往商店购买咯。 平台 游戏类型 语言英文 价格7 元 最早发售2019-03-08 In the early theories of learning, it was believed that complex higher-order thinking skills were acquired in small pieces, breaking down learning into a series of prerequisite skills. After these pieces were memorized, the learner would be able to assemble them into complex understanding and insight -- the puzzle could be arranged to form a coherent picture. Today, we know learning requires that the learner engage in problem-solving to actively build mental models. Knowledge is attained not just by receiving information, but also by interpreting the information and relating it to the learner's knowledge base. What is important, and therefore should be assessed, is the learner's ability to organize, structure, and use information in context to solve complex problems. "Assessment should be deliberately designed to improve and educate student performance, not merely to audit as most school tests currently do." -Grant Wiggins, EdD., president and director of programs, Relearning by Design, Ewing, New Jersey Almost every school district now administers state-mandated standardized tests. Every student at a particular grade level is required to take the same test. Everything about the test is standard -- from the questions themselves, to the length of time students have to complete it (although some exceptions may be made for students with learning or physical disabilities), to the time of year in which the test is taken. Throughout the country, and with the passage of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, commonly known as the No Child Left Behind Act (which requires research-based assessment), student performance on these tests has become the basis for such critical decisions as student promotion from one grade to the next, and compensation for teachers and administrators. Students in Poudre High School's robotics program compete to build a better robot. Standardized tests should not be confused with the standards movement, which advocates specific grade-level content and performance standards in key subject areas. Often, in fact, standardized tests are not aligned with state and district content standards, causing considerable disconnect between what is being taught and what is being tested. In the spring of 2009, an initiative was created to develop a set of standards for all states in the United States to adhere to. The Common Core State Standards Initiative (CCSS), as it has become known, is still an evolving movement. The vast majority of states have pledged to adopt the standards and implement them by 2015. Standards for English language arts and mathematics were published in 2010, while standards for science and social studies are still in development. Visit Edutopia's Common Core State Standards Resource page for more information about the standards. The questions then become: What is evidence-based assessment? Is it standardized tests? Is it portfolios? If portfolios are a part of evidence-based assessment, what else is necessary? Reflections? Work samples? Best work? "If assessment is to be a positive force in education, it must be implemented properly. It cannot be used to merely sort students or to criticize education. Its goals must be to improve education. Rather than 'teach to the test,' we must 'test what we teach.'" -Lockwood and McLean Alternative assessment, often called authentic, comprehensive, or performance assessment, is usually designed by the teacher to gauge students' understanding of material. Examples of these measurements are open-ended questions, written compositions, oral presentations, projects, experiments, and portfolios of student work. Alternative assessments are designed so that the content of the assessment matches the content of the instruction. Effective assessments give students feedback on how well they understand the information and on what they need to improve, while helping teachers better design instruction. Assessment becomes even more relevant when students become involved in their own assessment. Students taking an active role in developing the scoring criteria, self-evaluation, and goal setting, more readily accept that the assessment is adequately measuring their learning. Authentic assessment can include many of the following: - اخبار - اقتصادی - اقتصاد خرد - تیتر اخبار برنامه "گفت و گوی اقتصادی" با موضوع بررسی عملکرد دستگاه های اجرایی در مبارزه با قاچاق و با حضور محمد حسین برخوردار فعال اقتصادی و کارشناس مسائل اقتصادی و بهمن طاهرخانی نماینده مجلس و عضو کمیته مبارزه قاچاق کالا و ارز به روی آنتن رفت. بهمن طاهرخانی با بیان اینکه امروز در مجلس ارائه راهکارهای قانونی مبارزه با قاچاق مطرح است، اظهار داشت: گرایش مجلس به سمتی است که با قاچاق مبارزه قانونی و جدی داشته باشد زیرا قاچاق هجمه بزرگی به کشور است که موجب بیکاری و ازدیاد فقر در کشور خواهد بود. این نماینده مجلس شورای اسلامی به سیر تاریخی قانون گذاری اشاره کرد و بیان داشت: در سال 1312 نخستین قانون مبارزه با قاچاق تصویب شد. تشدد قانون گذاری نیز یکی از راه ها و روزنه های فرار از مسئولیت های قانونی بوده است. مرجع تصمیم گیری به دلیل ازدیاد، تصمیمات متفاوتی را اتخاذ می کردند. عضو کمیته مبارزه قاچاق کالا و ارز خاطرنشان کرد: با سیاست گذاری های مقام معظم رهبری، مجلس همه اینها را یک کاسه کرد زیرا قوانینی زیادی وجود داشت که حتی متناقض یکدیگر بودند. اساسا تورم قوانین یکی از راه هایی است که افراد بتوانند با روزنه های ایجاد شده، قانون را دور بزنند. وی افزود: با تصویب قانون مبارزه با کالای قاچاق در سال 92 همه قوانین سابق و اسبق نسخ شدند. در ماده 77 قانون مبارزه با قاچاق کالا و ارز، تمام قوانین قبل مانند قانون نحوه اعمال تعزیرات حکومتی مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام را منسوخ کرد. طاهرخانی با تاکید بر اینکه کشور به قوانینی نیاز دارد که هوشمندانه عمل کنند، اظهار داشت: یکی از خصوصیات قانون این است که همه سازمان ها را در این قضیه مسئول دانسته است، به همین جهت قانون جدید قانون مفیدی است. محمد حسین برخوردار در بیان آسیب های قاچاق عنوان داشت: قاچاق وقتی گسترش پیدا می کند، درآمدهای دولت کاهش پیدا می کند و در نتیجه بودجه عمرانی نیز ندارد. این مسائل باعث می شود دولت نتواند شغل ایجاد کند و همین مسئله سه میلیون و 300 هزار نفر بیکار در جامعه درست می کند. روز به روز نیز فاصله طبقاتی افزایش پیدا می کند. این فعال اقتصادی اضافه کرد: افرادی که قاچاق می کنند به هیچ چیز اعتقاد ندارند ولی تعجب من از ادامه حیات قاچاق است زیرا سال ها است که قوانین مختلف را تصویب می کنیم و کارهای زیادی انجام می دهیم. البته گفته می شود قاچاق از 25 میلیارد دلار به 15 میلیارد دلار رسیده است ولی این به دلیل مقابله با قاچاق نبوده است بلکه این کاهش به دلیل کاهش درآمدهای مردم بوده که توان حتی خریدن کالاهای قاچاق را هم ندارند. این کارشناس مسائل اقتصادی تاکید کرد: مسئله قاچاق بحرانی است که همه باید با آن مبارزه کنند، زیرا یک مسئله فرهنگی است. مردم نیز باید آگاهی پیدا کنند و بدانند کالای قاچاق چه ضررهایی روی اشتغال فرزندان شان دارد. در قاچاق مواد بهداشتی معضلات زیادی برای جامعه به وجود آورده است در حالی که بودجه وزارت بهداشت از مالیات فعالین اقتصادی و کارمندان تشکیل می شود. قابل ذکر است، برنامه "گفت و گوی اقتصادی" از شبکه رادیویی گفت و گو پخش می شود و علاقه مندان می توانند برای دریافت فایل صوتی این برنامه به سایت رادیو گفت و گو مراجعه نمایند. برای شنیدن فایل صوتی این برنامه دکمه پخش را کلیک کنید امیرحسین ضیایی گفت: فارغ التحصیلان در مساجد و محله های خودشان گروه جهادی را تشکیل... مصطفی محمددوست اظهار داشت: ممکن است فردی شرایطش ایجاب می کند وقت بیشتری بگذارد و فردی... شریف الدین اذانی گفت: اینکه می خواهیم به همنوع مان کمک کنیم و بخواهیم حفظ حریم یک انسان... دکتر معصومه آقاپور علی شاهی اظهار داشت: مسئله مهم در دانشگاه ها این... دکتر علیرضا منادی گفت: فارغ التحصیلان دانشگاهی عموما عملکرد و... دبیر کمیسیون ستاد مبارزه با قاچاق کالا و ارز با اشاره به قاچاق تلفن... There is a wrong notion among people in the society that mental health issues only affect people of a definite age while the truth is that it can affect any person of any age or gender. Research reveals that almost half of the mental health cases that are reported usually begin by the age of 15. While it can’t be denied that this is a fairly young age, scientists are all set to find out that the physical changes which lead to mental illness usually start appearing within the body at a pretty early age, even before you can outwardly see the symptoms. Concerns on mental health always don’t equate to grave mental issues like schizophrenia, depression or autism but that doesn’t mean that it is not important to treat such diseases. Not getting proper treatment can potentially lead to even more serious issues. It is always better to seek mental health support. There are several ways to get help, a popular one being e-counseling. E-counseling.com has a complete overview of how this type of service works. Whether you choose online or offline therapy though, it’s strongly recommended to find help as soon as possible so that you can address such issues before they spiral out of control. Here are few mental health dos and don’ts that you should take into account. Mental health dos & don’ts - Do consult a medical professional as this is a necessity In case your family has got a history of suffering from mental problems, or if you are normally concerned about your personal mental health, you should immediately consult a medical professional. The issues comprise of a wide range of topics and it is only the doctor who can assess the risk of the illness. - Do get medical care Consistently and actively monitoring your progress is one of the most vital parts of fighting against any mental health issue. Both you and your doctor has to know whether or not a certain plan is working for you. - Do follow a healthy diet No one can deny the fact that our mental and physical well-being has a direct relation with what we eat. Hence you should follow a healthy diet which helps your body to physically and mentally stay healthy and also emotionally happy. - Don’t blame others or yourself People with mental health issues will have an affinity of blaming others or finding fault with themselves. But you have to understand that there are few health complications which are not your choices. - Don’t drink unprescribed medicines If you take unprescribed medicines, you will gradually lose power and control on your treatment and this will also lengthen the process of your treatment. So, make sure you don’t take medicines which aren’t prescribed by a doctor. So, now that you know the dos and don’ts of taking care of your mental health, you should follow it to the core so as to get best results. ... Read More 在美国哈佛大学师生中流传着一句名言:“The one real object of education is to have a man in the condition of continually asking questioins.”(教育的真正目的就是让人不断地提出问题、思考问题)。问题是思想的源泉、是思想的推动力。也是我们心灵的财富。更是教育的价值所在。但是由中国青少年研究中心、北京师范大学教育系、北京出版社等方面专家组成的“我国中小学生学习与发展”课题组的最新研究发现,从小学到高中。学生在课堂上主动回答问题的积极性越来越低。调查结果显示:在上课遇到问题当场主动提问的学生中,小学生占13.8%,初中生占5.7%,高中生占2.9%。 承认河流也有权力,赋予其法律人格 ,并在法庭上为其指定为代理人 ,这一现象的出现正将悉尼双年展引入一个全新的领域 。展览的艺术
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es, your baby gets the benefit of immunity without the risk of severe consequences of natural disease. You may think “why should I immunize my baby? I had chicken pox and I was fine.” Unfortunately, we cannot predict the severity of the illness in each person. Often, chicken pox is just a rash and fever but it can lead to severe brain and lung infections. Why does my child need to be vaccinated against diseases that we don’t see anymore? The reason we don’t see many of these diseases anymore is because vaccines work so well! In some ways, vaccines are their “own worst enemy” because they are so effective. Before these vaccines were available, many infants, children, and adults routinely became very sick and often died from these diseases. In parts of the world where vaccines are not widely available, hundreds of thousands of young children still die every year from vaccine-preventable diseases. In 2015 more than 130,000 people died from measles worldwide. The majority of the deaths were in infants and young children. As more parents refuse to vaccinate their children, we see the rates of serious and sometimes fatal diseases increasing in both the United States and Europe. Are the ingredients in vaccines safe? A full list of vaccine ingredients for each vaccine is available on the CDC website. Each vaccine contains an active ingredient, known as an “antigen,” which is the part of the vaccine that allows the body to create an immune response. Vaccines also contain “adjuvants,” which are substances put in the vaccines to make them work better and cause a stronger immune response. This allows for less vaccine or fewer doses to be needed. In the United States, the three adjuvants used are: - Aluminum salts - Monophosphoryl lipid A These have all been studied extensively and found to be safe to give. While infants receive about 4.4 milligrams of aluminum from vaccines in the first 6 months of life, they receive much more than that in their diet. In the first 6 months of life, breast-fed infants ingest about 7 milligrams, formula-fed infants ingest about 38 milligrams, and infants who are fed soy formula ingest almost 117 milligrams of aluminum. Vaccines also contain stabilizers, such as gelatin, that help them last during production and transport. Stabilizers may be the component of vaccines that are responsible for extremely rare allergic reactions but otherwise carry no side effects. The HPV vaccine is stabilized by polysorbate 80, which has been falsely claimed to cause infertility. This has been studied extensively and shown to be untrue. Polysorbate 80 has been used in ice cream production for many years, with a typical serving of ice cream containing about 170,000 micrograms compared to the 50 micrograms contained in each dose of the HPV vaccine. Vaccines contained in multi-dose vials are also made with preservatives. This is so the vaccines do not become contaminated. One preservative, thimerosal, became a topic of great controversy when it was proposed that it was the ingredient that might be linked to autism. However, this has been shown to be false. Despite the safety of thimerosal, in 1997, the decision was made to remove it from all childhood vaccines in the U.S. with the exception of multi-dose vials of the influenza vaccine. Vaccines and alternative schedules Many parents who know that vaccines are safe and important sometimes wonder about “alternative schedules.” While this may seem like a reasonable compromise, it is important to understand that the vaccine schedule has been designed based on decades of research. This research is done in order to create the safest and most protective vaccination plan for children. The schedule is designed to provide protection to infants and children at the times when they are most susceptible to particular diseases, or more likely to have significant harm or death from that disease. In the first year of life, babies start to lose the protection from their mother’s antibodies that crossed through the placenta and were protective at birth. Babies have the weakest immune systems and are at the highest risk from serious complications and death from most vaccine-preventable diseases. This is why there are so many vaccines in the first year of life. Delaying vaccines means more time to become exposed to the disease, which can come at a serious price. Chicken pox, for example, is often self-resolving but, before the introduction of the vaccine, 70 completely healthy American children died each year from chicken pox. Another reason parents ask about alternative schedules is because the perceived stress on their baby when receiving multiple shots at one time. Studies show that children who receive several vaccines at the same time did not have any more stress, side effects, or complications than children who got only one shot at a time. In fact, spreading out vaccines was found to be more stressful for many infants and families. This is due to the fact that there are many more office visits and more distinct instances of the child having to get shots. At Michigan Medicine, we are a pro-vaccine practice. We expect parents to immunize their children and strongly recommend following the standard vaccine schedule as developed and endorsed by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), and the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG). - Vaccines for your Children (CDC) - Common Questions About Vaccines (CDC) - Understanding How Vaccines Work (CDC) - Pregnancy and Vaccination (CDC) - Vaccine Information for the Public (Michigan Department of Health and Human Services) - How Vaccines Are Produced (Michigan Department of Health and Human Services) - Number of Doses in Vaccine Series (Michigan Department of Health and Human Services) - Immunization Waiver Information (Michigan Department of Health and Human Services) - Why You Need the Flu Shot Every Year (a great article from The New York Times explaining why it is important to get influenza vaccine every year) - Immunization Action Coalition - Voices for Vaccines: Parents Speaking Up for Immunization - Families Fighting Flu - Nurses Who Vaccinate - Vaccine Education Center (Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia) - Vaccines and Autism (Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia) - Vaccines on the Go: What You Should Know (Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia) (app) - Vaccines and Your Child: Separating Fact from Fiction by Paul A. Offit, MD and Charlotte A. Moser (book) Written by Phoebe Danziger, MD and Rebekah Diamond, MD Updated September 2019 Proudly Made in the USA American Flags around South Shore SD 57263 A national icon that goes by the names “The Stars and Stripes”, “Old Glory”, as well as “The Star-Spangled Banner”, the American flag is one of the very identifiable symbols in the world today. The American Flag is the third earliest of the National Standards of the world – older compared to the Union Jack of Britain or the Tricolor of France. Who designed the American Flag? According to popular legend, the very first American flag was made by Betsy Ross, a Philadelphia seamstress that was acquainted with George Washington. In May 1776, so the tale goes, General Washington and 2 people from the Continental Congress went to Ross at her upholstery shop as well as showed her a rough design of the flag. In those days, the flag was not the same as we know it today. The act stated, “Resolved, that the flag of the United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the Union be thirteen stars, white in a blue area, standing for a new constellation.” Just what does the American Flag stand for? The flag first flew over thirteen states along the Atlantic coast, with a population of some three million people. Today it flies over fifty states, extending across the continent, and over great islands of both seas; and also millions owe it allegiance. It has actually been brought to this pleased position by love and sacrifice. People have progressed it and heroes have actually died for it. The flag contains 13 alternating red and also white straight stripes standing for the first thirteen British colonies that proclaimed freedom from the Kingdom of Great Britain, and also became the first states in the US. A blue rectangle in the canton shows 50 little, white stars standing for each state. The stars are organized in 9 horizontal rows offset of each other. This blue location of the flag is called the Union. The symbolism of the Flag, as stated by Washington: “We take the stars from Heaven, the red from our mother country, dividing it by white stripes, therefore revealing that we have divided from her, and the white red stripes shall drop to posterity standing for Liberty.” It incarnates for all the human race the spirit of liberty as well as the marvelous principle of human freedom; not the liberty of unrestraint or the freedom of license, yet an one-of-a-kind ideal of equal opportunity forever, freedom and the quest of happiness, secured by the demanding and soaring concepts of obligation, of righteousness and of justice, and also attainable by obedience to self-imposed regulations. Twice told stories of national honor and also magnificence cluster heavily regarding it. It births witness to the immense growth of our nationwide limits, the development of our natural sources, and also the remarkable structure of our people. It prophesises the accomplishment of prominent federal government, of public and spiritual freedom as well as of nationwide righteousness throughout the globe. Why is the American Flag essential to American community? The American flag is crucial because it symbolizes the independent government as explained under the United States Constitution. Include in that, it additionally represents the history, beliefs as well as values of its people. As a democratic country, its people follow critical values such as liberty, justice and also equal rights. The flag likewise symbolizes the numerous successes of the country as well as the pride of its individuals. This national icon advises people, not only in the state of SD, but throughout the entire USA about the various important elements of the Declaration of Independence. It is a complex symbol, which represents the liberty and also rights of Americans. Drifting from the lofty peak of American optimism, it is a beacon of sustaining hope. It is the sign made visible of the strong spirit that has brought liberty and also prosperity to the peoples of America. It is the flag of all us alike. Allow us accord it honor and commitment. Where can I purchase American Flags? You most likely currently seen this, however there are a lot of locations where you could get American flags. However, it is essential to keep in mind that the flag you are wanting to buy need to be “Made in United States of America”. Based upon stats, Americans spend over 5.3 million dollars on imported flags yearly – a lot of which are made in China. Maybe a lot more perplexing is that throughout 2001, in the wave of patriotism that spread over America after 9/11, Americans acquired $52 million dollars in imported flags. The flag ought to represent the blood, sweat, and also tears of American men and women who brought this country into existence, not our indebtedness to China and the fatality of the American manufacturing field. The flag represents national self-reliance and also popular sovereignty. It is not the flag of a reigning family or royal house, yet of the millions free people welded into a country, one and also inseparable, united not only by community of passion, however by important unity of belief and also function; a nation differentiated for the clear specific perception of its residents alike of their duties and also their advantages, their responsibilities and their civil liberties. So have a little pride, invest a few more bucks, and also buy an American flag made by Americans in the USA. South Shore ZIP codes we serve: 57263 (本报古晋7日讯)砂行动党哥打圣淘沙区州议员张健仁之特别助理江峰年表示,他受到朋岭区州议员杨薇讳的委托,将向砂人联党的沈坚石发出律师信。 身为执业律师的他透露,有关人士于2021年4月29日在其个人面子书上发帖指称杨薇讳为“砂拉越叛徒”的内容,已对朋岭区州议员杨薇讳构成诽谤。 他指出,在有关的正式律师信函中,杨薇讳向沈坚石提出了数项要求: - 1)完全摘除对她所使用的诽谤用词,并在朋岭区州议员杨薇讳批准后,各在1份英语报章,1份中文报章,沈坚石和砂人联党各别的面子书主页上刊载道歉启事; - 2)沈坚石必须做出书面保证和承诺,不会在任何刊物或媒体上发表对杨薇讳构成诽谤的类似声明; - 3)支付杨薇讳一个她可接受的合理数额,作为她的名誉损失赔偿;和 - 4)全额负责杨薇讳在此事上所付出的一切费用金额。 “在决定下一步行动之前,我们将静候沈坚石的答复。在律师函中,我们给足沈坚石1周的时间来做出相应的回应。” 江峰年强调,言论自由虽是一项基本的宪法权利,但是种权利必须在法律的范围内行使,并且不包括诽谤他人的权利。 12 aprile 2023 Non imponibilità dei rimborsi chilometrici corrisposti ai rider: Interpello Con In particolare, il documento di prassi stabilisce che tali indennità si devono considerare come erogazioni effettuate nell'esclusivo interesse del datore di lavoro, e pertanto non concorrono alla determinazione del reddito da lavoro dipendente ai sensi dell'art. 51, TUIR. 汇市下周投资策略可继续做空欧镑澳元多头存有反攻之力 “在威尔士名字的雨下,男孩融化了笑容。“先生,摩根还活着。他生活在一条公平的道路上,接近兰兰西林。我跟你出来,给你带路。”“他轻轻地跳过石阶,在Cadfael之前,在他面前小跑到门口。“米隆什么也没说。“好?““现在是米隆的眼睛湿润了。“我很荣幸。”““你哭了吗?““米隆什么也没说。“你真是个女孩,“她说。 罗斯福的生活中最重要的人物是他的母亲,莎拉。作为唯一的孩子,富兰克林成长为成熟的母亲奉献的温暖和安全。莎拉的他,支持他,特征和传播他的不可动摇的信心,他的总统领导。七莎拉的祖先与五月花落。我拿起文件夹,在厨房拿起报纸,然后去院子和烤架。“嘿!“他说。“它们是值得的,你知道。”“如果他还没有死,用汽车撞他自己是多么令人满意,或者火车,或者是大锤。 他坐了起来。他再次向前。他站在那里。他又开始整件事情。为什么,伊斯兰教只不过是一个简单的练习,我想。大热天的贝都因人的瑜伽。一台巨大的平板电视,DVD系统芝华士君威。..他开了一辆两岁的宝马车。一年来,我生活在贫困的边缘,支付我们的抵押贷款,保险,他的和我的,税。..我兑现了我的401英镑,以应付付款,因为没有他的合作,我不能卖掉房子。我姑姑继承了一笔小额遗产;如果我每个月都没付清钱,我就会失去一切。当我在他的办公室发现两个礼品盒时,我的愤怒增加了。 我想最近的是当我得到了一个C在二年级进行。或者你的自行车上摔下来时都是血腥的。”””我只是希望她不是太伤害,”阳光说。厨房工作人员到达就在那时和他们两个去把事情组织。在他堆选择枕头站着一个透明小袋,颈部扭曲的关闭和红丝带绑安全。佩内洛普睡觉没有离开糖果,这是包包含什么。这不是传统的薄荷或戈代娃的两件套样品经常晚上留在酒店枕头的女佣。袋子与短暂的浪漫宣言举行小白糖果心印在红色的一边,一个糖果卖只在情人节的前夕,这是不到一个月的时间了。困惑的,瑞安把脆皮袋在他的手。 他忽略了种族隔离,他没有急于承认美国海岸,法西斯主义的受害者他可能是保护公民自由的骑士在战争时期。但绝对没有
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到了路上。 尽管实际上从进入出租车那一刻起,一切都错了,但直到现在,我们才发现真正的错是多么。 前一位旅客已为这次旅行付费。但是,驾驶员尚未重置仪表。很明显,他不会按照自己的意愿这样做时,我礼貌地提醒他:“您要重启电表,对吗?” 令人震惊的挫折肯定使最有经验的神经语言学家感到困惑,驾驶员突然忘记了西班牙语,直到那时他才讲流利的语言。取而代之的是一系列的咕gr声和手势,表明不,我们将不再使用仪表。 如果这对摩洛哥人来说足够好,对我们来说就足够了。 “等等,为什么不使用电表呢?” 越来越多的咕unt声和手势打了回响,这一次所有人都无法理解。看着一个如此迷人和口齿不清的人,在失去一瞬间到另一瞬间的所有口头交流技巧之前,真是令人心痛。如果他没有设法在路上保持不动摇的目光,我会发誓我们目睹他中风了。 “如果我们不使用电表,那要多少钱?”我要求 他的病情已经发展到了下一个阶段,这次他甚至没有回应。现在,他只是他以前的自我的形象。 “多少!”我再次要求,不要费心掩饰我的挫败感。我知道,我们越走下坡路,无论价格多么高昂,无论是我们从未同意过的价格,他都更有理由要求付款。 当交通迫使我们停车时,驾驶员奇迹般地恢复了讲话。 “三千,”他说,就像一个恶意的孩子,试图看看他能摆脱多少。 “三千!”索菲和我一致喊道。我们已经知道票价应该是五到六迪拉姆。五六点不一百。不是一千。到了晚上,它可能要多一点,但不是六百倍。除了被带去兜风之外,我们再次被带去白痴。 “在那种情况下,我们要走了。” 关于索菲,我补充说:“走吧!” 抓着我们的东西(我们足够聪明,不让驾驶员放进后备箱),我们跳下了车,肾上腺素在战斗或逃跑开始时冲了进去,然后沿着一条小街奔跑。我们很快就行动了,但没有跑,对驾驶员不会在交通拥堵中离开汽车的知识感到放心。 但是后来我抬头看了看。 他的狂热无止境,出租车司机实际上已经把他的车抛在了后面。在潘普洛纳的一条街上,我们像愤怒的公牛一样追着我们奔跑,我简直不敢相信他那短而粗短的腿carried着他那圆圆的身体的速度,看起来随时都可能爆发。 “跑!”我向在街另一边的索菲大喊。 这怎么可能发生?司机为什么要追我们,好像我们是冤ed他的人一样?不应该是另一回事吗?一旦我们举报了他,他不应该成为一个匆忙撤退的人吗?最好是从警察那里退缩?他如何诚实地感觉到我们欠了他一些东西?真是令人难以置信。 尽管对停止交通毫无顾忌,但出租车司机离他的车辆有多远仍然存在限制。不久,他被迫放弃追赶并转身,愤怒的牛角不和谐的合唱声将他召回。 尽管很高兴见到他放弃追求,但我感到一点松了一口气。他知道我们要去的地方。而且我们还没有到那里。 “来吧!”我对苏菲大喊,鼓励她加快步伐。 当我们来到一个公园时 新维尔 从麦地那,我感到又一阵焦虑。坐落在光线充足的斜坡上,我们可能也已经登上了舞台。我们完全被暴露在麦地那门户下方的广场或夜市中的任何人面前,我们必须经过该人才能到达酒店。 那时,一辆蓝色的出租车驶入了广场。 尽管在丹吉尔有成百上千的人,但我立刻知道这不仅仅是一辆蓝色的出租车。我的身体绷紧,又被战斗或逃跑抓住。当我讨论该怎么做时,我注意到司机吸引了更多的顾客。一瞬间,这似乎令人鼓舞。他不能让他们和我打架,对吧? 我再一次低估了他。 他的汽车在麦地那拱门前嘎嘎叫停,司机跳了起来,朝我跑来,呆呆的,发疯。我被吓坏了。如果不是因为我担心自己离开索菲(Sophie),她是一个夜店里满是男人的孤独的女人,我会在那儿和那里奔走。但是当司机离得太近时,我别无选择。我必须跑步。 我没走多远,就在我离开他的范围时就停了下来,一直在拼命地努力不遗忘Sophie。当驾驶员开始用阿拉伯语大喊大叫时,我更加惊慌失措,担心他会告诉我们周围迅速增长的暴民的谎言。 “您没有为我们做任何事情!我们什么都不欠你!”我用法语大喊,所以人们知道这个故事还有更多。 我把车推向中心,靠近索菲,但又被赶了几次。当我又一次尝试太近时,疯子向我猛冲,好像我在侵犯他的独生女一样。他疯了。尽管我成功地避免了他以前的每一次攻击,但这次他还是设法抓住了我的肩带,使我像花样滑冰的伙伴一样摇摆。我没有办法放弃我的包。我用坚定的拖船把它从他手上抢下来。 我们的奇观使夜市停滞不前,现在我们被大约五十个人包围。我当时生活在许多电影中混乱的暴民场景中,它就像在屏幕上看起来总是像噩梦一样。男人在想什么?他们会相信谁?如果他们支持出租车司机怎么办?索菲在哪里?我不能忘记苏菲。她五英尺四英寸的镜架并没有完全帮助她在人群中脱颖而出。 当一些人向后退时,我感到非常放心,让我再次撤退到外围。但是,当我回头看中心时,我的肚子掉到了地板上。 索菲独自一人在暴民中间,与疯子面对面站在一起。 尽管到目前为止,作为一名女性并没有对她有利,但索菲(Sophie)认为,在这种特殊情况下,确实如此。司机不会撞到女孩。 由于无法洞悉她的想法,我感到更加恐慌,无助地看着距离遥远的地方。我一下子就想到了她身上可能发生的一百万件事。绑架。酷刑。强奸。我不得不回到中心。我不得不把她弄出来。 肌肉越过我前面的人,我再次回到索菲’的一面,大叫她和我一起去。在她无法做出反应之前,出租车司机再次向我走去,将我逼到暴民的边缘。我不知道该怎么办我不能把她留在那里。但是每次我到她附近的任何地方,司机都会来找我,迫使我撤退。 当我要进行另一次营救尝试时,我看到了一些奇特的东西。出租车司机一下子停了下来,因为人群中的一个人分散了注意力。那人然后递了些东西给他。 随之而来的甚至是陌生人。从一瞬间到下一瞬间,庞大的团队开始分散。发生了什么事?大家都去哪苏菲在哪里?既然人们四处走动,我最大的恐惧就成真了。 我失去了她。 疯狂,我在解散的人群中寻找索菲的招牌。但是她无处可寻。当我挣扎着保持在一起时,我的思想在加速,身体在颤抖。 “没关系。没关系,”我旁边的一个年轻人说,试图让我平静下来。 “您应该找到您的朋友,”另一位朋友补充道,好像我没有想到。我只能想象索菲被拖到一条黑暗的小巷里,遭受各种不可思议的虐待,然后才卖给了性交易。 我反驳说:“这正是我想要做的。”我没有看过任何一个男人,因为担心会错过我被索菲带走之前最后一次见到她的机会。 “她在那儿,”另一名男子轻轻地靠近我,就像害怕害怕虐待动物的人一样。 果然,她在那里。 索菲显然已经逃脱了她可能的绑架者,已经走进了公园。她在为我扫视人群,就像我在为她扫视一样。 我们的目光相遇。我们像失散已久的恋人一样互相奔跑,拥抱着彼此-但时间不长。转向麦地那门,我们为酒店做了一条直线。看来我们已经处于危险之中,但是鉴于我们俩都不知道为什么驾驶员离开,我们不确定。 无法忍受,整个到酒店的路上我们都表达了我们的愤慨。同时,我们祈祷当我们到达那里时驾驶员不会等我们。我们想要的只是内部安全无虞,世界其他地方则牢牢地牢牢地锁在海湾。 几分钟后,我们回到了酒店。 找不到驱动程序。 磨难仍在折磨中-我们的神经仍不敢相信我们已经摆脱了伤害。——我和索菲(Sophie)从火车上挣脱了剩菜,坐在我们面对海湾的小阳台上吃了宵夜。 我们现在望出去的那一晚,感觉与我们在街上留下的完全不同。除了偶尔附近的手掌沙沙作响以外,几乎没有动作或声音。甚至通常在几乎任何时候都处于活动状态的港口停车场也很安静。 当我们破解开心果并来回传递水壶时,索菲告诉我她的经历。 “我正遇到出租车司机,他突然只想要14迪拉姆。” “而不是3000?”我难以置信地问。 是的。我旁边的一个人解释说3000美元的价格是美分,而不是整迪拉姆。 “什么?好像我们应该知道那样!此外,3000美分仍然等于30迪拉姆,是价格应该达到的六倍。 “他知道我们不知道价格以美分为单位-这都是骗局的一部分。” “当然是。因此,当我与他交谈时,他将价格降低了一半。他知道原来的价格是荒谬的,但他仍然想要一些东西。当我问他为什么突然只想要14岁时,他不会说。我的口袋里几乎有张帐单,差点儿给了他,只是他让我们一个人呆了,但我没有。我应该。钱不多。” “那不是重点!他既是骗子又是小偷,我们不必为掩盖他而付钱。可能更容易,但事实并非如此。” “好,对或错,没关系,因为无论出于什么原因,他终于决定离开。” 我告诉苏菲,我目睹了司机和人群中的人之间的交流。 我总结道:“我真的认为他代表我们给了他钱。”他感到被迫这样做是不对的,但我被他感动了。 “那个陌生人支持了我们。” 当我们回到旅馆时,急切地要哭泣,我和索菲(Sophie)毫不犹豫地告诉接待处的人们我们的苦难。他们不仅坚定地确认驾驶员应该使用仪表,而且他要求的价格过高,他们还敦促我们去旅游警察局。书中保存着城市中每个驾驶员的照片。如果我们能识别出我们的身份,他的执照将被吊销。 我犹豫着看到无耻的暴力行为对他所做的不仅对我们而且对其他游客也毫无疑问的惩罚,我犹豫了一下。午夜已经过去了,我们早上要离开第一件事。而且,尽管酒店经理做出了相反的保证,我所能想象的就是不得不从摩洛哥警察局出钱。我只是不愿意。我太震惊了。发生了什么事,我不能这么快就相信任何人。 “这也伤害了我们,”酒店经理后悔道,最后一次试图说服我去报警。 “这是不断的斗争。” 我知道他是对的,让他失望让我很难过。早晨,有点动摇,但没有受到伤害,我们将返回西班牙。另一方面,他与无数其他以旅游为生的人,不仅将遭受索菲和我的苦难,而且还将遭受全国各地许多其他类似事件的后果。他们将见证其中很少(如果有的话);但是,他们会感受到自己的影响力,而在钱包里则无所不及。 旧金山的长期居民, 马修·费利克斯(MatthewFélix) 还住在西班牙,法国和土耳其。冒险,幽默和灵性为他的作品注入了活力,这往往要依靠他在地中海的生活以及他在五十多个国家的旅行来吸引。马修’s debut novel, 超越理性的声音是一个年轻的西班牙人的故事’唤醒他的直觉会使他从脑海中醒来,所以他可以跟随他的心。马修’的旅行故事集, 张开双臂讲述了他两次去摩洛哥的幽默和痛苦经历。在matthewfelix.com上查看他的更多作品。 Toz Boya; uygulanmaya başladığından bu yana sağladığı faydalar ve kolaylıklarla vazgeçilmeyen, sürekli gelişen yeni tekniklerle kullanımı hızla yaygınlaşan bir sistemdir. Toz Boya kalitesini, kaliteli bir toz boya tesisinde elde edilebilir. Kaliteli Toz Boya tesisi sisteminin belirlenmesinde, boyanacak materyal özellikleri, bitirme kalitesi, renk değişim sıklığı gibi rol oynayan etkenleri göz önünde tutulmalıdır. By Haley Tanner ISBN-10: 8830427780 ISBN-13: 9788830427785 Vaclav and Lena look destined for every different. They meet as youngsters in an ESL type in Brighton seashore, Brooklyn. Vaclav is precocious and verbal. Lena, suffering from English, takes convenience within the defense of his adoration, his noisy, loving domestic, and the care of Rasia, his big-hearted mom. Vaclav imagines their tale unfolding like a fairy story, or the ideal phantasm from his valuable Magician's Almanac, yet among the truths to be came upon in Haley Tanner's wondrous debut is that fortunately ever after isn't a foregone end. at some point, Lena doesn't appear for faculty. She has disappeared from Vaclav and his family's lives as though by means of a merciless magic trick. For the subsequent seven years, Vaclav says goodnight to Lena with out fail, brooding about if she is doing a similar someplace. at the eve of Lena's 17th birthday he unearths out. Vaclav e Lena si conoscono che hanno solo dieci anni, ed e' subito amore. Figli entrambi di immigrati russi in the United States, dividono i sogni e le difficolta'. I sogni di un futuro sfavillante - in cui lui diventera' un famoso mago e lei "la sua incantevole assistente" - e le difficolta' di una vita in un paese straniero, confortata dall'affetto di una famiglia presente e affettuosa consistent with Vaclav, fatta di abbandono e solitudine in step with Lena, che non ha mai conosciuto i genitori e abita con una zia che non si occupa di lei. Ma in step with i due bambini l'importante e' stare insieme, fino al giorno, terribile, in cui Lena sparisce dalla vita di Vaclav senza nemmeno un addio. Dieci anni dopo i due si rincontreranno, in line with scoprire che nulla e' cambiato, ma il passato allunga l. a. sua ombra terribile sulla loro felicita'... Read Online or Download Cose da salvare in caso di incendio PDF Similar literary books In his semiautobiographical novel, Cyclops, Croatian author Ranko Marinkovic recounts the adventures of younger theater critic Melkior Tresic, an archetypal antihero who makes a decision to starve himself to prevent combating within the entrance traces of worldwide conflict II. As he wanders the streets of Zagreb in a near-hallucinatory country of paranoia and malnourishment, Melkior encounters a colourful circus of characters—fortune-tellers, shamans, actors, prostitutes, bohemians, and café intellectuals—all residing in a delicate dream of a society approximately to be replaced eternally. - Letters to the New Island - The Pregnant Widow (Vintage International) - Migration and Literature: Gunter Grass, Milan Kundera, Salman Rushdie, and Jan Kjaerstad - A Glossary of Literary Terms , Ninth Edition - George Bernard Shaw - Chicano: A Novel Extra info for Cose da salvare in caso di incendio Sample text Vaclav, sul marciapiede in fondo ai gradini, guarda sorridente in su verso Lena. Un passante la prenderebbe per una scena molto romantica, alla Romeo e Giulietta. Ed è proprio questo che Lena vuole evitare: non vuole far sapere a nessuno del tempo che trascorre con Vaclav, del tempo che trascorre a casa di Vaclav a fare cose stupide e imbarazzanti. Non vuole far sapere a nessuno che lei e Vaclav si dicono che un giorno saranno marito e moglie. La imbarazza pensare di avergli chiesto di prometterglielo, di avergli chiesto tante volte se erano tutte cose vere, tante, tantissime volte, finché lei ci ha creduto e lui pure. Faceva troppo caldo; Rasia sudava da ogni poro e la sciatica le massacrava la gamba. « Dai, mamma, andiamo alle giostre » disse Vaclav. « Un minuto » ripeté Rasia. «Uno uno uno, due due due, tre tre
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利,我们都有稳定的工作,他父母有退休金,生活虽不富裕,但绝不至于明知是保护动物还去铤而走险。” “那段时间因为家里事情比较多,我们没有精力再去照料鹦鹉了,所以才售卖了2只鹦鹉。”任女士说,事后她才知道,这2只鹦鹉是被卖给了在深圳市宝安区沙井街道花卉市场的谢田福,“这个人在那个市场里经营一个名叫田福水族馆的店。” 孩子的入院通知书和妻子的检查报告 受访者供图 不过,就是这2只被卖出的和家里的45只鹦鹉,成为后来王鹏被法院定罪的呈堂证供。 法院判决 犯非法出售珍贵、 濒危野生动物罪 在任女士发至记者邮箱其丈夫王鹏的刑事判决书中,红星新闻看到其中注明:“深圳市宝安区法院认定了王鹏贩卖给谢田福的2只小金太阳鹦鹉(经鉴定学名为绿颊锥尾鹦鹉),属于《濒危野生动植物物种国际贸易公约》中被保护的鹦鹉,其行为触犯非法出售、濒危野生动物罪,判处有期徒刑五年,并处罚金3000元。” 一审判决书的判决结果 受访者供图 对于辩护人提出查获的45只鹦鹉属于人工繁育不构成犯罪行为的说法,法院以当事人已经有贩卖事实为依据不予采纳,认为这45只鹦鹉应定性为“待售”,属于犯罪未遂。 今日(5月5日)15时许,红星新闻以了解案情的名义致电深圳市宝安区法院。在电话中,此案的审判长王恩建称,根据相关规定,法官不能就案情直接接受媒体采访,“相关问题请通过法院研究室咨询。” 之后,16时、16时51分,红星新闻两次致电深圳市宝安区法院,试图与法院研究室取得联系,但电话一直无人接听。 专家意见 将做无罪辩护 用个案推动法治 今日(5月5日),红星新闻与北京理工大学法学教授徐昕取得了联系。在此之前,徐昕在网上公开表示将对王鹏进行法律援助,“我接此案旨在用个案推动法治,将坚决作无罪辩护。” 在接受红星新闻采访时,徐昕首先问记者有没有看过此案的一审判决书。在得到肯定回答后,他给记者了一份名为“王鹏案上诉状大纲”(简称“大纲”,下同)的文件,“我的观点都在里边。”徐昕称。 更多精彩请点击:新闻排行榜 |bet365买彩票安全||天天棋牌365安卓手机版下载||开元棋牌血战麻将||开元棋牌游戏开挂||365体育投注体育在线开户||狗万取款 很快||bet356是哪个国家的||356bet hk||365bet娱乐场官网网址||cc苹果国际网投||365棋牌是什么||bet356苹果||狗万的官网||bet356团队||356bet集卡| |bt365体育app||bet365 日博||和开元棋牌相似的||365棋牌游戏如何现金||bet365体育备||开元棋牌娱乐||狗万取现很快||best365官方中文版||狗万 比赛直播||365体育投注提不了款||bet365体育在线投注网址||best365奖金代码||365bet开户官网||365棋牌手机安卓版下载安装||365体育投注扑克导航||365滚球盘下单||万博的app一到晚上卡死||狗万赢钱取款方式||365体育投注+ribo88||best365手机版||万狗365| |365体育网址手机版||bt365体育投注365||cc国际网投平台下载||ky开元棋牌三公||bet365盘口||365棋牌下载手机版||best365手机官网||开元棋牌公司在哪?||365棋牌游戏大厅官网下载手机版||万狗博彩||365bet官网彩票||365滚球真实网址||356bet手机网址多少||谁有狗万的网址||356bet体育在线 365||皇冠bet.365体育在线投注||365棋牌官网开||365棋牌安卓全民合集||bet365娱乐场官网网址||365体育在线英超欧冠||beat365怎么样6| |早点来加盟||春光早点工程加盟||快餐早点加盟||山东早餐加盟||酸奶加盟| |早餐行业加盟||早点小吃加盟排行榜||早点加盟多少钱||健康早点加盟||加盟早点车| |天津早餐加盟||健康早餐店加盟||春光早点工程加盟||加盟包子||早餐加盟哪个好| |雄州早餐怎么加盟||早点加盟好项目||早餐加盟哪个好||特色早点加盟店排行榜||凡夫子早餐加盟| اخبار اقتصادی ایران و جهان 11/19 /2020 صعود تهران به رتبه ٧٩ شهرهای گران جهان مجله اکونومیست در پژوهش جدید خود بر پایه مقایسه ١٣٨ مورد از مایحتاج روزانه زندگی، فهرست ١٣٣ شهر گران جهان را رتبه بندی کرده است. در صدر این فهرست شهرهای پاریس، هنگکنگ، و زوریخ، رده های اول تا سوم را به خود اختصاص داده اند . پایتخت کشورمان نیز با بیشترین افزایش رتبه در عرض یک سال و صعودی ٢٧ پله ای، از صد و ششمین شهر گران جهان به هفتاد و نهمین شهر رسیده است. منبع: @PoolPress Please like us on Facebook Bazı yüz sanat eğlenceli yapmak için hazır olsun ! Zoe Aile bazı inanılmaz yüz boyama almak için sıraya ayakta duruyor. Yüzlerinde güzel çizim yapmak için sanat yetenek göstermek . Tasarımtaslak taslağını ve şaşırtıcı yapmak için zenginleştirici renkleri kullanmaknoktalar izleyin. Son olarak göz alıcı hale getirmek içintasarım biraz pırıltı ekleyin. Have Fun . Marz (country subdivision) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Marz (մարզ), plural marzer (մարզեր), is the name for a first-level administrative entity in Armenia. The divisions in Nagorno-Karabakh Republic are not called marz. Instead, they are known as shrjan (շրջան). - March (territorial entity) - Administrative divisions of Armenia - Administrative divisions of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic |This Armenia-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.| (BPT) - Thanks to the increase in plastics recycling, more and more everyday products such as school supplies are being made with recycled plastics. So it’s now easier than ever to find the things kids need to succeed at school while also helping the environment. Here are some examples: School supplies made with recycled plastics help divert used plastics from landfills to become a resource for making new products. When shopping online or in-store, look for many back-to-school necessities, such as folders, rulers and scissors made with recycled plastics. For another great way to help the environment, look for backpacks made with recycled plastic fabrics. To make the fabrics, used plastics are melted, stretched into fibers, and woven into durable, lightweight, water-resistant fabrics that then are used to create backpacks in a large variety of sizes, colors and styles. Lunch boxes and snack bags To help protect food and generate less waste, look for durable lunch boxes and snack bags made with recycled plastics. These often feature plastic foam insulation to help keep food cool, as well as airtight seals that can reduce exposure to air to keep food fresher. From jackets to T-shirts to schools uniforms, look for styles made with recycled plastic fabrics. Thanks to the versatility of plastics, recycled plastic fabrics are available in a variety of weights and textures, from fleece to poplin. These fabrics are durable, comfortable and surprisingly soft. In more and more classrooms, portable technology is used as an integral part of learning. To help protect your kids’ expensive devices, look for tablet covers, laptop bags and smartphone cases made with tough recycled plastics. The use of recycled plastics in schools doesn’t end with the supplies you acquire for your kids. As the use of recycled plastics expands, schools are investing in durable playground equipment made with used plastic packaging. Depending on size, a single playground can help save tens of thousands of plastic containers from landfills. If you do not challenge your body, you cannot change it. No matter your current age, it’s never too late to do something to improve your health and fitness. In fact, you should think of it as an investment – something that builds, increases and strengthens as time passes. Proper exercise is mandatory. When it comes to protecting our health, and delaying the aging process, there’s simply no substitute for exercise. In fact, it is a well-known fact, that long-term resistance training (strength training) is associated with a lower risk to age-associated morbidity and mortality. Because we lose vital muscle strength as we age, strength training is the golden ticket needed to keep us healthy and strong throughout adulthood. The benefits of strength training/resistance training do much more than just making us stronger. This type of challenging exercise helps optimize biomarkers indicative of overall wellness such as triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol in both men and women. And, the benefits don’t stop with increased strength. Physical exercise works on your brain too! It helps build a brain that not only resists shrinkage but increases cognitive abilities. Memory is improved with the generation of new neurons in the hippocampus. In fact, study after study supports the idea that higher levels of physical activity are linked to a sharper mind with fewer age-related effects on the brain. Brain cells use lots of energy and need lots of oxygen as well to function properly. Exercise boosts energy. It encourages the brain to work at optimum capacity by causing nerve cells to multiply, strengthening their interconnections, and protecting them from damage. Compared to an active person, a sedentary person experiences more fatigue when carrying out a physically demanding task. When your energy levels are low, you need to expend some to get some. According to a Harvard Medical School report, exercise boosts energy in four main ways. How Exercise Boosts Energy: - As you work out, your muscles burn more energy, and as they do, mitochondrial function increases. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell. They are organelles that act like a digestive system which takes in nutrients, breaks them down and creates energy rich molecules for the cell.The biochemical processes of the cell are known as cellular respiration. May of the reactions involved in cellular respiration happen in the mitochondria. Mitochondria are the working organelles that keep the cell full of energy so keeping these healthy is vital to healthy aging. - Your body’s oxygen-carrying capacity increases with regular exercise because it creates more capillaries, and by breathing more deeply and increasing your heart rate, you pump more oxygen into your blood. - Exercise affects the levels of several hormones and other chemical messengers some of which control your mood. - Working out helps you to get more refreshing rest by increasing the time you spend in deep sleep. Even if you have the same amount of sleep, the sleep of active people is more restorative and refreshing and they don’t wake up as often. The reality is, human bodies are made to respond to physically challenging situations and believe it or not, you can erase 10-20 years of inactivity with just a few months of performing a proper, challenging exercise program. It’s not rocket science to understand that the earlier you begin preparing for your later years, the better you can minimize their impact on your body. Note: To get the biggest anti-aging cellular boost, do your strength training with some effort to challenge your body. Remember, if you do not challenge your body, you cannot change it. A recent Mayo Clinic study says that high intensity type exercise can actually reverse some cellular aspects of aging. When compared, high-intensity interval training offered the same kind of benefits that strength training/resistance training does. If you’d like to know how to get started with a no-muss, no-fuss approach to home-based exercising for solid fitness gains go... Check out my quick and easy At just 10 minutes in length, if you cannot find a way to squeeze this kind of effective workout into your schedule every other day, it’s likely there’s not another one in all existence that could take it’s place. After all, most things can only be made so simple before they just cannot be made to work at all! – Carolyn “The 10-Minute Sandbag Workout” Hansen If you’d like to know more about how THE most effective form of fitness training and strength building that you are ever likely to come across is... can be made to work for you, then click the following link to learn more... P.S. I even created a FREE mobile app for you to keep track of your sandbag workouts. With 4 built-in workouts of 7 distinct sandbag movements, you have 28 different exercises to choose from should you decide to create your own custom sandbag works. Oltre al giudice sono coinvolti anche un avvocato del foro di Catanzaro e uno del foro di Locri, quest'ultimo sottoposto ai domiciliari. Tutti sono indagati per corruzione in atti giudiziari e, per alcuni di essi, è stata contestata l'aggravante del metodo mafioso. Con il magistrato, figura centrale dell'indagine è quella del un medico in pensione ed ex dirigente dell'Azienda sanitaria provinciale di Cosenza - to say, utter - to mean, refer to - Ní tú a deirim. — I don't mean you; I'm not referring to you. - (In the 2nd sing. imperative or 1st plural imperative) say, suppose (to state for illustrative or approximate purposes) - abair is nach mbeadh sé ann — supposing he weren't there - fiche punt, abair — twenty pounds, say † Dialect form In the older literary language, and sometimes in the spoken language, additional forms built on the stem abr- are found: The d-initial forms of this verb are immune to lenition. They also do not undergo eclipsis after the interrogative particle an. |Radical||Eclipsis||with h-prothesis||with t-prothesis| |Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. - "abair", "adeirim" in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, Irish Texts Society, 1927, by Patrick S. Dinneen. - Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, vol. II, 78. - E. C. Quiggin, A Dialect of Donegal, page 125, § 370. - Used as a modifier, suggesting excitement, much in the way that "how" is used. abair (present participle form ràdh) |Tense \ Voice||Active||Passive| One of the main drawbacks of wind power is the variability in power output. CREAS believes that combining green hydrogen production technology with wind power will help to solve this problem and lead to a new era of accelerated expansion in wind power investment in Northern Europe. Wind Energy is one of the UK’s main renewable energy resources – 54% of UK total renewable energy was supplied by wind in 2019 – supplying 20% of the UK’s electricity generation. Offshore wind power has many positives aspects including a higher power yield per MW installed capacity than equivalent turbines located onshore, more stable wind conditions and generally less disturbance of wildlife. In October 2020, Boris Johnson pledged that offshore wind farms will generate enough electricity to power every home in the UK by 2030. This pledge begs the question: how does he plan on reaching this milestone, especially with the problems that we currently experience due to variability of output? To reach the goal of 40GW of offshore wind power capacity by 2030, the government have set aside £160 million to go towards upgrading ports and factories for building turbines to help the country “build back greener” after COVID-19. This finance resource offers huge opportunities for the renewable energy sector in the UK and CREAS believes that some of this money should go towards improving efficiencies by addressing the output variability issue. Tractebel Overdick and Tractebel Engineering, both part of energy major Engie, have developed a power-to-gas offshore platform concept that would convert offshore wind energy to green hydrogen out at sea. This platform concept, seen in the main image, combines the positives of offshore wind power with green hydrogen generation. Instead of transporting the electricity generated
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leader del Cremlino, Dmitri Medvedev. Anche il consiglio ristretto della Duma, la cui tenuta plenaria è in programma per il mezzogiorno locale (le 10:00 svizzere), si è pronunciato per la richiesta di indipendenza. FINE SETTIMANA DI VIOLENZE, STRAGE DI CIVILI A BAGHDAD È di circa una quarantina di vittime il bilancio di un fine settimana di attentati e violenze in Iraq. La stampa locale riferisce che 21 persone, tra cui numerosi civili, sono morte e 13 sono rimaste ferite in un’esplosione avvenuta durante una festa, ieri sera, alla periferia di Baghdad. Secondo l’agenzia irachena ‘Aswat al Iraq’ un attentatore suicida si sarebbe fatto esplodere durante un ricevimento, organizzato per il rilascio di un prigioniero dal centro di detenzione americano di Camp Bucca, nel distretto di al Hayel al Nasr Wa Salam a ovest della capitale. Intanto, a sud-ovest di Baquba, nella provincia di Diala, un’altra esplosione avrebbe provocato almeno nove morti mentre la deflagrazione di due ordigni piazzati sul ciglio della strada alle porte della capitale avrebbe causato ancora una decina di vittime. Nella giornata di sabato, invece, almeno cinque persone erano state uccise e otto ferite da un’esplosione all'interno di un autosalone a Kirkuk, 250 chilometri a nord di Baghdad. Mezzi militari Usa dati alle fiamme Due mezzi militari destinati alle forze statunitensi presenti in Afghanistan sarebbero stati dati alle fiamme questa mattina a Karachi, Pakistan. Secondo quanto dichiarato dalla polizia pakistana a dare fuoco ai due mezzi sarebbe stato un gruppo di uomini armati formato da circa dieci persone. I due veicoli erano in attesa di partire dal 18 agosto scorso ma a causa di uno scipero degli autisti che protestano contro il caro carburante erano rimasti parcheggiati lungo una delle principali arterie stradali della città. Da tempo i riforimenti per le truppe Usa in Afghanistan passano da Karachi prima di proseguire per Kabul. Al momento l'attacco non è stato rivendicato. Israele libera 199 palestinesi. La Rice oggi a Gerusalemme Israele ha liberato 199 detenuti palestinesi. Nella prima mattinata sono stati identificati nel campo militare di Ofer (Cisgiordania) e fatti salire su autobus diretti verso la città palestinese di Ramallah. Lo ha riferito la radio militare. A Ramallah gli ex detenuti sono attesi dal presidente dell' Anp Abu Mazen, che li riceverà nei suoi uffici della Muqata. Il provvedimento, che avviene a poche ore dall'inizio di una nuova spola diplomatica fra Gerusalemme e Ramallah del Segretario di Stato Usa Condoleezza Rice, è stato deciso dal governo di Ehud Olmert nel tentativo di rafforzare la posizione di Abu Mazen. Questo, ha assicurato il governo israeliano, dimostra che lo stato ebraico "è disposto a fare concessioni dolorose per far proseguire i negoziati di pace". Secondo la radio militare la liberazione dei detenuti, che si sono impegnati a non ricorrere più in futuro alla violenza contro Israele, è stata influenzata anche dalla imminenza del digiuno islamico del Ramadan. La Rice oggi a Gerusalemme Il segretario di Stato americano, Condoleezza Rice, è atteso oggi a Gerusalemme per spingere alla chiusura di un accordo di pace tra israeliani e palestinesi. E' il settimo viaggio della Rice nella regione, da quando è stata lanciata la conferenza di pace di Annapolis lo scorso novembre. Condoleezza Rice arriverà all'aeroporto Ben Gurion alle 15 ora locale (le 14 in Italia): due ore dopo incontrerà Ahmed Qurea, capo negoziatore palestinese e in serata avrà una cena di lavoro con il ministro della Difesa israeliano, Ehud Barak. Domani mattina, il segretario di Stato americano incontrerà il primo ministro israeliano Ehud Olmert, dopo un incontro con il ministro degli esteri Tzipi Livni. Prima di ripartire per gli Stati Uniti, Condoleezza Rice avrà un incontro congiunto con i due capi negoziatori, Livni e Qurea. Tensioni fra governo e opposizione che minaccia blocco rete stradale Duro inizio di settiamana in Bolivia. Gli aderenti ai partiti d'opposizione al governo di Evo Morales hanno annunciato proteste e promesso di bloccare le principali arterie stradali che conducono in Argentina e Paraguay se non verranno restituite le royalties sui proventi della vendita degli idrocarburi che il governo ha destinato a un fondo pensione per gli anziani del Paese. In risposta il governo ha già fatto sapere di aver previsto un piano per contrastare il blocco stradale e garantire la libera circolazione delle persone e delle merci. Soprattutto non sarà bloccato il flusso di gas verso i mercati di Argentina e Brasile. ARGENTINA: DEPUTATI VARANO NAZIONALIZZAZIONE AEROLINEAS La Camera dei Deputati argentina ha approvato ieri notte, dopo un dibattito di oltre 13 ore, il progetto di legge, presentato dal governo, sulla rinazionalizzazione di Aerolinea Argentinas, che passa ora all'esame del Senato, dopo essere stato modificato in alcuni aspetti dalla Camera. Il progetto e' stato approvato con 167 voti a favore e 79 contrari, il che dimostra che il gruppo pro governativo del Fronte per la Vittoria e' riuscito ad ottenere anche il consenso di una parte dell'opposizione. Agustin Rossi, capogruppo del Fronte, ha commentato che il varo della norma dimostra come l'Argentina stia andando verso un sistema aereo commerciale serio, aggiungendo che e' necessario trasmettere al paese e al mondo il messaggio che le cose qui continuano a funzionare. Rossi ha poi espresso la sua gratitudine per il voto positivo di molti deputati dell'opposizione, nonche' per la collaborazione dei lavoratori della compagnia aerea nella stesura del progetto. Fra i cambiamenti introdotti nella proposta di legge durante il dibattito parlamentare si trovano disposizioni che stabiliscono che lo Stato non potra' in nessun caso perdere la quota di maggioranza nel capitale di Aerolineas Argentinas. Il progetto passa ora all'esame del Senato, che dovrebbe esaminarlo probabilmente la settimana prossima. ITALIA Riapre Mirafiori. Ma per 4mila dipendenti c'è la cassa integrazione Dopo la pausa estiva questa mattina i cancelli dello stabilimento Fiat di Mirafiori oggi si apriranno solo per 1000 operai addetti alla produzione della Mi.To, la nuova piccola di Alfa Romeo. Scatta infatti, fino all'8 settembre, la cassa integrazione per 4 mila dipendenti. Altri stop alla produzione sono previsti in altri stabilimenti, oltre a quello torinese, nei prossimi mesi. Sarà dunque un rientro all'insegna della preoccupazione, legata alla congiuntura economica e, di conseguenza, al difficile momento del mercato dell'auto. Il provvedimento è già in calendario anche in altri stabilimenti Fiat. Non a caso la decisione della cassa integrazione, come spiegato nelle scorse settimane dall'Ad del gruppo, Sergio Marchionne, era stata presa "dopo aver visto l'andamento del mercato nel mese di giugno". Il provvedimento è già in calendario anche in altri stabilimenti Fiat: una settimana a ottobre e due a novembre a Termini Imerese, una al mese a Melfi, sei settimane entro dicembre negli stabilimenti Cnh di San Mauro (Torino) e di Imola (Bologna). Sospesi dalla Powertrain i 17 turni introdotti due mesi fa nello stabilimento ex Iveco di Torino. Siparietto Gr 9:30 ESTERI ITALIA Appunti e note redazionali Servizi audio della giornata گروه داعش در دوم ماه دسامبر ویدئویی منتشر کرد که در آن مردی با لباس سرهم نارنجی رنگ در کنار دریاچه ای در سوریه زانو زده و به زبان روسی اعتراف می کند که علیه داعش جاسوسی کرده است. سپس یک روس زبان دیگر با چاقو سر او را می برد. این ویدئو برای مردم روسیه معنایی دیگری داشت؛ این که جنگ به میان مردم روسیه کشیده شده و در عین حال معمایی را نیز مطرح کرده است. این زندانی در ویدئوی داعش خود را محمد خاسیو معرفی کرده و می گوید از مسلمانان چچن است و برای نهادهای امنیتی روسیه کار می کند. رمضان قدیروف رئیس جمهوری چچن فورا جاسوس بودن خاسیو را رد کرد. خبرگزاری رویترز در ادامه می نویسد، با این حال مصاحبه با بیش از ده نفر دیگر حاکی است که این مرد ۲۳ ساله، هم با گروه های مسلمان و هم با نهادهای امنیتی روسی، رابطه داشته و به نظر می رسد که زندگی دوگانه ای داشته است. محمد خاسیو در خانواده ای غیرمسلمان در روسیه به دنیا آمد و دوران نوجوانی را میان چچنی هایی گذراند که او را یک مسلمان سرسپرده می دانستند. او زبان چچنی را روان صحبت می کرد. برخی از دوستان چچن او به داعش پیوستند و او را نیز به همین کار ترغیب کردند. از سوی دیکر خاسیو با غیرمسلمانان هم حشر و نشر داشت. در میان نیروهای پلیس آدم داشت و از وزارت کشور روسیه مجوز کار به عنوان محافظ شخصی داشت. او برای برخی کارها از اسمی که هنگام تولد رویش گذاشتند استفاده می کرد: یوگنی یودین. خاسیو قبل از مرگ، در ویدئوی منتشر شده داعش می گوید که در جهان بین مداخله رسمی روسیه در سوریه و جهادی که چندین هزار شهروند روسی و دیگر جمهوری های شوروی سابق، گیر افتاده است. نه نهادهای اطلاعاتی و امنیتی، و نه وزارت کشور روسیه، هیچکدام در این پرونده اظهار نظر نکرده اند. گزارش رویترز می گوید خاسیو تا ۱۰سالگی با مادر روسش زندگی می کرد که بعد او را به دلایلی ناروشن به پرورشگاه سپرد و کمی بعد بر اثر ابتلا به بیماری جان سپرد. خاسیو در پرورشگاه زبان چچنی را یاد گرفت و به اسلام گروید و نام محمد را بر خود گذاشت. پس از سه سال به فرزندخواندگی یک خانواده چچن در آمد و نام خانوادگی مادر جدیدش را گرفت، ولی یک سال بعد به علت ناسازگاری با خانواده دوباره به یتیم خانه برگردانده شد. در سال ۲۰۰۸ وقتی وزیر کشور وقت روسیه از پرورشگاه به منظور جذب نیروی تازه نفس برای مدرسه نظام دیدن می کرد تلاش کرد تا در این میان ثبت نام کند، اما به دلیل سن بیش از حد قبول نشد. او در آن هنگام ۱۶ ساله بود. سپس به کالجی در منطقه ای مسلمان نشین در ۵۰۰ کیلومتری گروزنی پایتخت چچن رفت و در آنجا با دو حلقه مختلف آشنا شد. در یکی هویت چچن خود را حفظ می کرد و در دیگری با دوستان مرتبط با روسیه اش بود. او اصرار داشت که با نام چچنی اش یعنی محمد صدا شود و بالاخره به شکل رسمی نامش را تغییر داد و تقاضای پاسپورت چچنی کرد. اما به گزارش رویترز هرگز یک ناسیونالیست افراطی چچن نشد. در سال ۲۰۱۱ او عکسی از خودش را در کنار پوستر رمضان قدیروف رهبر قدرتمند چچن و نزدیک به کرملین در رسانه های اجتماعی منتشر کرد. او در عین حال با حلقه دوستان غیرمسلمانش مرتبط بود. از جمله با یک ارمنی که رابط او با نهادهای امنیت روسیه به شمار میرفت رابطه داشت. خاسیو در سال ۲۰۱۳ میلادی به استخدام یک شرکت امنیتی در چچن در آمد. خانواده خاسیو نمی دانند او چطور جذب گروه داعش در سوریه شد، اما حدس می زنند یکی از دوستانش که قبلا گرایش های افراطی یافته بود، بر او تاثیر گذاشت. خاسیو از نوشیدن الکل و معاشرت با زنان لذت می برد، و هیچ نشانی از گرایش های اسلامی نداشت. او سال گذشته ناپدید شد و تماسش را با دوست روس خود حفظ کرد و اطلاعاتی را از کوبانی برای او می فرستاد. او در این پیام ها نیروهای هم سنگر خود را "برادر" خطاب می کرد و هر بار بیشتر و بیشتر از اصطلاحات اسلامی استفاده می کرد. به گفته دوست او، خاسیو در آخرین پیامی که در ماه فوریه فرستاد، گفت از جمع آوری اجساد و اعضای بدن مردگان خسته شده و می خواهد به خانه برگردد. او گفت همان موقع بود که گفتم خاسیو هرگز بر نمی گردد، "چرا که از آنجا هیچ راه برگشتی وجود ندارد." Louise Bourgeois 31 Mayıs 2010’da tam 98 yaşındayken hayata gözlerini yumdu. Peki en ünlü eseri Londra Tate Modern’in girişinde bulunan Maman adlı örümcek heykeli olan inanılmaz kadın aslında kimdi? Halı dokumacısı bir babanın kızı olarak Paris’te büyüyen sanatçı, 12 yaşındayken halı çizimi yapmaya başladı. 15 yaşında Paris Sorbonne’da matematik okudu ve bu eğitim kübist çizimlerinin altyapısını oluşturdu. کلاس آیلتس برای چه افرادی مناسب است؟ کلاس آیلتس دوره ایست جهت آمادگی برای آزمون آیلتس (IELTS) و ویژه افرادی است که قصد دارند در آزمون آیلتس شرکت کنند. در کلاس آیلتس علاوه بر یادگیری زبان انگلیسی، شما با مهارت ها، تکنیک ها و استراتژی های لازم برای کسب نمره ای بالا در آزمون آیلتس آشنا خواهید شد. این تکنیک ها و استراتژی ها حاصل سالها تجربه من در تدریس دوره های آزمون آیلتس هستند و تضمین کننده نمره بالا و دلخواه شما در این آزمون خواهند بود. همچنین اگر تکنیک های گفته شده و نکات ارائه شده در طول کلاس ها را به خوبی پیاده کنید، به راحتی می توانید نمره ای بالاتر از سطح واقعی زبان خود کسب کنید. این کاریست که من سالهاست انجام داده ام، پس به من اعتماد کنید. جلسه اول رایگان! بصورت رایگان کلاس آیلتس را تست کنید و بعد تصمیم بگیرید! در صورتی که دوست داشته باشید یک جلسه کلاس شرکت کنید و سپس تصمیم بگیرید (که حق هم دارید!)، می توانید این کار را بدون هیچ هزینه ای انجام بدهید. برای این کار شما هزینه یک جلسه را پرداخت می کنید و جلسه اول برگزار می شود و در صورتی که به هر دلیلی مایل به شرکت در ادامه کلاس نباشید هزینه ای که برای این یک جلسه پرداخت کرده اید به شما پس داده می شود. بعنوان مثال بخش نگارش (Writing) آزمون آیلتس (که همانند آزمون تافل دو قسمت دارد) را در نظر بگیرید. در کلاس آیلتس برای هر دو قسمت بخش رایتینگ آزمون آیلتس آکادمیک و جنرال، من قالب های آماده ای را طراحی و در طول سال ها بهینه کرده ام و به زبان آموزان دوره های آیلتس آموزش می دهم. این قالب ها شامل اسکلت بندی یک رایتینگ کاملاً استاندارد و تعداد زیادی جمله ثابت پر از عبارات و لغات می باشند که شما می توانید در تمامی رایتینگ هایتان استفاده کنید. در یک کلام، پس از یادگیری قالب های آموزش داده شده در کلاس آیلتس شما قبل از آزمون بیش از ۱۵۰ کلمه از مجموع حدوداً ۴۰۰ کلمه ای که آیلتس از شما می خواهد در رایتینگ هایتان بنویسید را آماده دارید و می توانید با خیال راحت و با اطمینان از اینکه رایتینگی که نوشته اید از غنای لغوی خوب و ساختار استانداردی برخوردار است، بهترین نتیجه را در این بخش کسب کنید. در کلاس آیلتس من به شما
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governo, di ogni potere di Stato, nemici di una organizzazione di Stato in generale e siamo convinti che il popolo potrà essere felice e libero solo quando organizzandosi dal basso in alto per mezzo di organizzazioni indipendenti assolutamente libere e al di fuori di ogni tutela ufficiale, ma non fuori delle influenze diverse e ugualmente libere di uomini e di partiti, creerà esso stesso la propria vita. La guerra è sempre il principale desiderio di un governo potente, che vuole divenire ancor più potente. Non ho bisogno di dirvi che è proprio durante la guerra che... il governo copre con un velo impenetrabile i suoi latrocini e i suoi errori. Vi parlerò invece di ciò che tocca più direttamente i nostri interessi. È proprio durante la guerra che il potere esecutivo dispiega la sua terribile energia ed esercita una specie di dittatura, la quale atterrisce la libertà. È durante la guerra che il popolo dimentica le deliberazioni che riguardano i suoi diritti civili e politici. Il senso del governo rappresentativo è che tutto il popolo o una numerosa parte di esso eserciti, tramite deputati periodicamente eletti, il potere di controllo ultimo che in ogni costituzione deve trovare il suo soggetto. Deve possedere tale potere nella sua pienezza. Deve essere padrone, a suo piacimento, di tutte le funzioni del governo. Lo sport ha il potere di cambiare il mondo. Ha il potere di ispirare. Esso ha il potere di unire le persone in un modo che poche altre cose fanno. Parla ai giovani in una lingua che comprendono. Lo sport può portare speranza dove una volta c’era solo disperazione. Al principio è la morte. Non parlo del principio del cosmo e neppure del principio del caos, bensì del principio della coscienza umana. Si diventa umani quando si sente e si accetta – mai del tutto, però, sempre a metà – la certezza della morte. Nessuno stato, per quanto democratiche siano le sue forme, foss'anche la repubblica politica più rossa, popolare solo nel suo falso significato noto con il nome di rappresentanza del popolo, sarà mai in grado di dare al popolo quello che vuole, e cioè la libera organizzazione dei suoi interessi dal basso in alto, senza nessuna ingerenza, tutela o violenza dall'alto, perché ogni Stato, anche lo stato pseudo-popolare ideato dal signor Marx, non rappresenta in sostanza nient'altro che il governo della massa dall'alto in basso da parte della minoranza intellettuale, vale a dire quella più privilegiata, la quale pretende di sentire gli interessi ideali del popolo più del popolo stesso. Innanzitutto l'abolizione della miseria, della povertà, e la completa soddisfazione di tutte le necessità materiali per mezzo del lavoro collettivo, obbligatorio e uguale per tutti; e poi l'abolizione dei padroni e d'ogni specie di autorità, la libera organizzazione della vita, del paese in relazione alle necessità del popolo, non dall'alto in basso secondo l'esempio dello Stato, ma dal basso in alto, curata dal popolo stesso al di fuori di ogni governo e dei parlamenti; la libera unione delle associazioni dei lavoratori della terra e delle fabbriche, dei comuni, delle province, delle nazioni; e infine in un domani non lontano, la fraternità di tutta l'umanità trionfante sulla rovina di tutti gli Stati. Si può avere potere sulle persone finché non gli si porta via qualcosa. Ma quando si è rubato tutto ad uomo, questi non sarà più soggetto ad alcun potere: sarà libero di nuovo. Fermare la diffusione del sapere è uno strumento di controllo per il potere perché conoscere è saper leggere, interpretare, verificare di persona e non fidarsi di quello che ti dicono. La conoscenza ti fa dubitare. Soprattutto del potere. Di ogni potere. Esistono tre forme di governi: il repubblicano, il monarchico e il dispotico; il governo repubblicano è quello nel quale il popolo tutto, o almeno una parte di esso, detiene il potere supremo; il monarchico è quello nel quale uno solo governa, ma secondo leggi fisse e stabilite; nel governo dispotico, invece, uno solo, senza leggi, né freni, trascina tutto o tutti dietro la sua volontà e i suoi capricci. Non siamo un popolo né di santi né di poeti né di artisti né di navigatori: siamo un popolo di pesci in barile. Il nostro modello non è il Machiavelli del "fine che giustifica i mezzi" ma il Guicciardini del "proprio particulare". Non cadranno infruttuosi i gravi esempi eredati dagli avi nostri, e quando, al sentore della prima guerra europea, l'Austria chiederà all'Italia i suoi figli, i suoi tesori, gl'Italiani sapranno come meglio adoprarli. Quando, nonostante i rimproveri incessanti del proprio superiore, la fiducia e l'amore del figlio nei suoi confronti crescono, è perché lo Spirito Santo è venuto a dimorare nella sua anima. Esso (il regno di Dio) è come un granellino di senapa che, quando viene seminato per terra, è il più piccolo di tutti semi che sono sulla terra; ma appena seminato cresce e diviene più grande di tutti gli ortaggi e fa rami tanto grandi che gli uccelli del cielo possono ripararsi alla sua ombra. Ci sono, in ciascun stato, tre tipi di potere... Tutto sarebbe perduto se lo stesso uomo o il medesimo corpo di principi, o di nobili, o del popolo, esercitassero questi tre poteri: quello di fare le leggi, quello di eseguire le risoluzioni pubbliche e quello di giudicare i crimini e le controversie dei privati. La massa degli uomini serve lo Stato in questo modo, non come uomini soprattutto, bensì come macchine, con i propri corpi. Essi formano l'esercito permanente, e la milizia, i secondini, i poliziotti, i posse comitatus ecc. Nella maggior parte dei casi non v'è alcun libero esercizio della facoltà di giudizio o del senso morale; invece si mettono allo stesso livello del legno e della terra e delle pietre, e forse si possono fabbricare uomini di legno che serviranno altrettanto bene allo scopo. Uomini del genere non incutono maggior rispetto che se fossero di paglia o di sterco. Hanno lo stesso tipo di valore dei cavalli e dei cani. Tuttavia persino esseri simili sono comunemente stimati dei buoni cittadini. Altri, come la maggior parte dei legislatori, dei politici, degli avvocati, dei ministri del culto, e dei funzionari statali, servono lo Stato principalmente con le proprie teste; e, dato che raramente fanno delle distinzioni morali, sono pronti a servire nello stesso tempo il diavolo, pur senza volerlo, e Dio. Teniamo presente che il nostro popolo non è né europeo né nord-americano; anziché un'emanazione dell'Europa, esso è un misto di Africa e di America, perché la Spagna stessa cessa di essere Europa per il suo sangue africano, le sue istituzioni e il suo carattere. È impossibile determinare esattamente a quale famiglia umana apparteniamo. La maggior parte degli indigeni è stata annientata, gli europei si sono mescolati con gli americani e gli africani, e questi con gli indiani e gli europei. Nati tutti dal seno di una stessa Madre, i nostri padri, diversi per origine e per sangue, sono stranieri gli uni agli altri e tutti differiscono visibilmente per il colore della pelle. Tale diversità comporta una conseguenza della massima importanza. I cittadini del Venezuela godono tutti, grazie alla Costituzione, interprete della Natura, di una perfetta eguaglianza politica. Nella corsa alla ricchezza, agli onori e all'ascesa sociale, ognuno può correre con tutte le proprie forze... per superare tutti gli altri concorrenti. Ma se si facesse strada a gomitate o spingesse per terra uno dei suoi avversari, l'indulgenza degli spettatori avrebbe termine del tutto... La società non può sussistere tra coloro che sono sempre pronti a danneggiarsi e a farsi torto l'un l'altro. La verità è la nostra padrona, non noi i suoi padroni. Quando a notte vado sola Quando a notte vado sola al mio convegno d'amore, gli uccelli non cantano, il vento non soffia, le case ai lati della strada sono silenziose. Sono i miei bracciali che risuonano a ogni passo, e io sono piena di vergogna. Quando siedo al balcone e ascolto per sentire i suoi passi, le foglie non stormiscono sui rami, e l'acqua del fiume è immobile come la spada sulle ginocchia d'una sentinella addormentata. E' il mio cuore che batte selvaggiamente - e non so come acquietarlo. Quando il mio amore viene e si siede al mio fianco, quando il mio corpo trema e le palpebre s'abbassano, la notte s'oscura, il vento spegne la lampada, e le nuvole stendono veli sopra le stelle. E' il gioiello al mio petto che brilla e risplende. E non so come nasconderlo. How Cool Weather & Longer Nights Affect Sleep Have you ever woken up just minutes before your alarm goes off and marveled at your body’s sense of time? It’s because we have an internal clock that mirrors nature’s cycles of day and night and sunlight which is detected by cells in the retina of the eye sends messages to the brain that keep us in a roughly 24-hour pattern. These light cues trigger all kinds of chemical events in the body, causing changes in our physiology and behavior. For example, as evening approaches and the light in our environment dwindles, the hormone melatonin begins to rise and body temperature falls—both of which help us to become less alert and more likely to welcome sleep. With the help of morning light, melatonin levels are low, body temperature begins to rise, and other chemical shifts, such as an uptick in the activating hormone cortisol, occur to help us feel alert and ready for the day. During fall and winter, the days become shorter and the nights longer which can easily affect our internal clocks – and is especially true if you find yourself rising before sunrise or not leaving work until it’s dark outside. Temperature also plays an important role in the onset of sleep and circadian rhythms. As your body prepares to get drowsy and sleep, your internal temperature dips slightly and stays lower until a few hours before wakeup time. Research says that cooler ambient air supports the body’s natural deep sleep process so you might find yourself experiencing deeper and longer sleep patterns in the winter months. If you are like most working adults or students, you are probably finding that you are either exhausted, disoriented or sluggish when your alarm goes off before the sun shines through your bedroom window. An easy solution is to use BEDDI’s wake-up light in conjunction with your alarm clock. Set the white light to slowly illuminate the room over a 20 minute period before your alarm goes off to mimic sunrise. Your body will be tricked that the sun is out and you will have an easier time starting your day and feeling more alert. 教育教育教育 如果你需要你的专业和维斯顿·福斯特的身份,你会有个好消息,而他们的计划是: - 协助协助AFFC的批准,AssAC。 - 协助一个独立的联邦调查局。 协助协助AFP的服务 组织可能会成为一个组织组织的组织服务,以换取ADA协议的一部分。这是为了允许学生提供很多教育活动的能力。 在你的公司里,要做两年的公司,每年的时间,每年的17年,就能不能再加上13年,和2000年的关系。这个模型是由一个常春藤大学的专业技术,促进你的成长和促进的最佳途径,促进澳大利亚的最佳途径。 ADA的服务包括: - 用高基和维斯特德·福斯特的人来参加这个调查 - 你的能力是自我影响的一部分 - 用你的网站来增加3百万的用户的服务,包括你的“ - 和BRC和BRC的CRC - 6个小时内,咨询委员会的顾问 - 一系列更新的更新和更新,新闻报告 请提供更好的食品,请提供更好的服务,请向我们提供PPS&P.P.P.A.P.A. 协助成立 有一种要求的人可以做一项选择,比如,有一种潜在的价值。组织组织可能只有一种活动。如果有规定的建议,可以进行相应的调查,这将是2000年的时间。 为了找出你的新方法和其他的联系,然后用你的身份来处理当地警局和芝加哥警局啊。 Posted: 30 Sep 2011 07:27 AM PDT Debates about where the limits of a race lie are always heated and seldom resolved. Readers of this website may have encountered such debates, only almost certainly they have always involved determining where White ends and coloured begins. But—what about the other side? Where does Black end and something other begin? And, more importantly, should that something other, if a multiracial person, enjoy the same breaks given to Blacks on account of so-called 'historical injustices'? The answer to this question has legal, economic, and moral consequences. The Problem of Blackness The problem of Blackness is perhaps emblematically highlighted by the case of Barack Obama. Because of his White mother, the latter is technically a mulatto, but is regarded, as he regards himself, a Black man. Some, including Black columnist Debra Dickerson, do not regard him as Black at all. For the likes of Dickerson, being Black in America—being an African American—means being descended from West African slaves brought to America. The problem has also been recognised in education. Lani Guinier and Henry Louis Gates once noted during a panel discussion at Harvard University's reunion for African American alumni that approximately only one third of Black Harvard undergraduates were from families where all four grandparents were African American. The rest were West Indian immigrants, their children, or mixed race. The result is that Affirmative Action has come mostly to benefit individuals for whom it was not originally intended, and who, as per the logic of the policy, do not deserve special provisions. In the context of Affirmative Action and the reasons for it, the situation becomes particularly problematic when it comes to mixed-race individuals, particularly those who have one Black and one White parent. The White parent could well have descended from a White slaveholder, while the Black parent could have descended from slaves—even from slaves owned by the White slaveholder. What then? Is this mixed-race individual eligible for Affirmative Action or reparations for slavery? It is worth asking, because then the White man within, who, by modern definitions, harbours historical guilt, and, according to many Blacks, ought to be atoning and paying reparations for the crimes of his ancestors, is effectively being rewarded by those crimes, denying the Black man his justice. Injustice—if we accept that there has been such—would be perpetuated this way
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e si facevano consegnare dai suoi ufficiali tutti i registri con le cause civili, criminali e del “danno dato”, questi ultimi quasi sempre relativi a casi di bestie brade che danneggiavano i raccolti. Il capitano doveva indicare tre cittadini campigliesi che garantivano per lui nel caso in cui questi si fosse rifiutato di pagare le eventuali multe inflitte dai sindaci. Lo stesso giorno della loro elezione, i sindaci dovevano far bandire in tutto il comune di Campiglia che chiunque avesse qualcosa da ridire sull’operato del capitano, della sua “famiglia” o della sua corte, poteva presentarsi davanti a loro entro e non oltre i sette giorni seguenti. Una volta ricevuta una querela, i sindaci dovevano comunicarla al capitano, in modo tale che questi potesse preparare la sua difesa. Scaduta la settimana, i sindaci avevano a disposizione altri tre giorni per condannare o assolvere il capitano. Il loro giudizio era definitivo e nessuna delle parti in causa poteva presentare ricorso. In caso di inadempienze, i sindaci incorrevano in una multa di 25 lire per ogni causa da loro ignorata o addirittura inventata. Il compenso dei sindaci del capitano consisteva in una libbra di pepe sodo per ciascuno di loro, merce all’epoca molto apprezzata. Durante i dieci giorni, i sindaci, dovendo garantire udienza a chiunque ne facesse domanda, non potevano assentarsi da Campiglia, a meno che non ottenessero il permesso dei priori, nel qual caso dovevano comunque lasciare un loro sostituto. La pena per gli assenti ingiustificati era di cinque lire. Per comprendere meglio chi fossero i capitani di Giustizia e che tipo di vita conducessero, analizziamo la figura di due uomini fiorentini, vissuti nel Rinascimento, che furono investiti di questa carica a Campiglia nel Quattrocento. Alessandro Alessandri era nato a Firenze, nel 1391, da una delle famiglie più importanti della città, vicina ai potentissimi Albizzi. Alessandro, a 32 anni, era diventato capitano di Campiglia, poi aveva ricoperto l’incarico di operaio dell’Opera di S. Maria del Fiore nel 1430 e poi quello di commissario della Repubblica fiorentina nella guerra contro Lucca. Nel 1431 fece parte del governo della Signoria e, dopo, fu nominato dai Dieci di Balia procuratore per assoldare truppe. Nel 1432, divenne capitano della Montagna pistoiese e, tre anni dopo, fu inviato in missione a Venezia e poi nel Casentino presso il conte Francesco di Poppi. Dal 1435 al 1456, fu più volte membro dell’ufficio degli Otto di Guardia e Balia e di quello dei Dieci di Balia, organo che dirigeva la politica estera della Repubblica e gli affari di guerra. Gonfaloniere di giustizia nel 1441 e nel 1448, capitano di Livorno nel 1442 e di Pistoia nel 1445, anno in cui prese per moglie Onesta Acciaiuoli. Quando, nel 1447, il sarzanese Tommaso Parentuccelli fu eletto papa col nome di Niccolò V, l’Alessandri fu inviato come ambasciatore fiorentino a rendere omaggio al nuovo pontefice. Nel 1451, in occasione della visita a Roma dell’imperatore Federico III d’Asburgo, Alessandro Alessandri prese parte alla delegazione cittadina inviata a Ferrara per incontrare il principe, dal quale poi fu investito cavaliere nel 1452. L’Alessandri ricoprì altri importanti incarichi politici e diplomatici, prima di morire a Firenze nel 1460. Oltre al suo impegno nella vita pubblica fiorentina dell’epoca, Alessandro Alessandri si distinse e si fece conoscere anche nell’ambiente intellettuale cittadino, per aver frequentato da ragazzo la scuola di Roberto de’ Rossi – uno dei primi e più apprezzati umanisti – e per l’amicizia con Matteo Palmieri, altro grande umanista, che gli dedicò la sua opera “Vita civile”. L’Alessandri fu anche amico di un grande artista, Filippo Lippi, che lo raffigurò insieme a due dei suoi figli, in un celebre dipinto. Un altro illustre capitano di giustizia di Campiglia del quale conosciamo le gesta è Angelo Manetti, nato a Firenze nel 1432. Figlio di Giannozzo Manetti, intellettuale e politico fiorentino. Studiò le lingue latina, greca ed ebraica, che padroneggiava già a dodici anni. Quando era ancora un ragazzo, trascrisse le opere di Virgilio e di Cicerone. La sua carriera politica iniziò molto presto come conseguenza di quella del padre. A quindici anni fu “trombetta” – il messo notificatore di allora – a Pistoia, dove Giannozzo ricopriva la carica di vicario. Nel 1452, si sposò con Lucia Sacchetti, dalla quale ebbe tre figlie. L’anno dopo lasciò Firenze, seguendo il padre, prima a Roma e poi a Napoli, dove continuò a trascrivere i classici latini e greci. In seguito alle sfortunate vicende politiche di Giannozzo, Angelo Manetti si allontanò dalla vita pubblica fiorentina, fino a quando, nel 1463, fu eletto priore. Nel 1476 fu inviato in Francia per una missione diplomatica presso Luigi XI. Il Manetti doveva convincere il re di Francia a risarcire dei mercanti fiorentini ai quali erano state sequestrate le merci nei porti francesi. Riuscì a persuadere re Luigi e così il governo fiorentino decise di prorogare il suo mandato diplomatico, facendolo rimanere in Francia per cercare di raccogliere informazioni utili. Il re però si insospettì e così il Manetti rimpatriò per evitare di essere accusato di spionaggio. Poco dopo il suo rientro a Firenze, nel 1478, fu eletto capitano di Campiglia, in un momento delicatissimo della storia della Repubblica fiorentina. Il 26 aprile di quell’anno infatti, Giuliano de’ Medici, fratello di Lorenzo il Magnifico, era stato assassinato durante la congiura organizzata dalla famiglia de’ Pazzi e dal papa Sisto IV. Nella guerra che scoppiò tra il papa e i Fiorentini dopo l’attentato, Campiglia assumeva un ruolo strategico. Fu proprio per rafforzare il caposaldo maremmano che Angelo Manetti venne mantenuto a Campiglia anche nel 1479, in qualità di commissario. In maggio, mentre stava seguendo i lavori di fortificazione della rocca del paese, scrisse ai Dieci di Balia che non aveva intenzione di andarsene nonostante nel frattempo a Campiglia fosse scoppiata un’epidemia di peste. Non riuscì a scampare al contagio e così morì eroicamente nel luglio del 1479. Nel 1406, le insegne lasciate dai capitani del passato, inviati durante i due secoli di governo della Repubblica di Pisa, furono rimosse dalle mura del palazzo pretorio dai Fiorentini. Una pagina di storia campigliese veniva cancellata per sempre, per far spazio ad una nuova era. Da quel momento, fino al 1772, si avvicendarono a Campiglia oltre trecento capitani di giustizia inviati da Firenze. Di loro sono rimaste tre cose: gli stemmi di palazzo pretorio, i registri del loro tribunale e pochi corpi sepolti sotto al pavimento della chiesa di Campiglia. Cominciamo dagli stemmi. Una settantina di capitani fecero murare sul palazzo le insegne della propria famiglia, a perpetua memoria dell’incarico svolto. Queste pietre finemente scolpite decorano ancora oggi il pretorio di Campiglia, rendendolo, insieme alla rocca, l’edificio più suggestivo del paese. Gran parte di essi risalgono al Quattrocento, il resto fu aggiunto nei due secoli successivi. Il più antico è quello del capitano Iacopo Manovelli, del 1427, il più recente quello di Giulio Cesare Maffei, del 1694. Negli anni Ottanta del Novecento, gli stemmi furono restaurati e riportati all’antico splendore. I turisti oggi li guardano ammirati, cercando di interpretarne i simboli, decifrando le lettere scolpite nel marmo. Ma l’eredità più grande lasciataci dai capitani e di gran lunga la più importante è quella rappresentata dall’immensa mole di documenti prodotti dal tribunale campigliese in quattro secoli di storia. I notai dei capitani, incaricati di redigere gli atti dei processi civili e criminali, hanno prodotto centinaia di filze, registri e faldoni che, col tempo, in seguito ai cambiamenti politici e amministrativi, sono confluiti a Livorno nell’Archivio di Stato. In seguito ad una scelta sciagurata compiuta dall’allora direttore, questo complesso di documenti giace da qualche anno abbandonato in un magazzino fuori regione, in attesa di poter rientrare a Livorno per essere messo nuovamente a disposizione degli studiosi. Quando ciò accadrà, avremo finalmente la possibilità di studiare in anteprima una delle fonti più importanti – se non la più importante in assoluto – per la storia di Campiglia e del suo territorio. Conosceremo fatti ed episodi della vita dei Campigliesi che, fino ad oggi, non sono stati mai raccontati. I verbali delle cause civili ci diranno per cosa si litigava a Campiglia dagli inizi del Quattrocento fino alla fine del Settecento, quelli delle cause criminali riporteranno alla luce la cronaca nera di quei tempi, i reati che si commettevano e le pene inflitte, il tutto raccontato dalla viva voce dei diretti interessati: uno spaccato di vita sociale e quotidiana difficilmente rintracciabile in altre tipologie di documentazione. L’ultima delle tre cose rimasteci dell’era dei capitani appartiene al mondo dei morti. Sappiamo che c’è ma non è più visibile. Stiamo parlando dei loro corpi e delle loro tombe. In passato è esistita a lungo la consuetudine di seppellire i morti sotto al pavimento delle chiese. Ad un certo punto però, per motivi di igiene pubblica, questa pratica fu vietata e i defunti cominciarono ad essere inumati esclusivamente nei cimiteri all’aperto. Per secoli i campigliesi ebbero la loro ultima dimora nei sotterranei del principale edificio sacro del paese: la chiesa parrocchiale di S. Lorenzo. Prima ancora, quando S. Giovanni era ancora pieve, il problema non si poneva, i campigliesi più importanti venivano sepolti sotto al pavimento di quella chiesa, mentre tutti gli altri trovavano sistemazione nel terreno circostante, dove ancora oggi esiste il cimitero comunale. Quando però la pieve fu spostata all’interno delle mura paesane, nella chiesa di S. Lorenzo, il posto per un cimitero esterno non c’era e così le famiglie più in vista e le confraternite si divisero il poco spazio disponibile sotto al pavimento e in alcuni grandi vani sotterranei, uno dei quali, dopo essere stato svuotato e restaurato, ospita oggi il museo d’arte sacra di Campiglia. Se questi stanzoni erano il luogo di sepoltura del popolo, i personaggi più in vista della società campigliese venivano inumati direttamente sotto al pavimento della chiesa. è ciò che successe almeno a tre capitani morti durante il loro servizio in terra di Maremma. Si tratta di Cosimo Carlini, sepolto nella chiesa di S. Lorenzo a Campiglia, il 28 dicembre 1610, «sotto il gradino dell’altare maggiore a cornu epistolae», ovvero sul lato destro guardando l’altare; Camillo Giusti, morto il 12 agosto 1659 e sepolto in pieve «in una cassa e sopra muratovi mattoni dalla parte del’epistola del’altare di S. Rocco»; e Mariano Bindi, morto a Campiglia il 28 novembre 1729 e inumato nel sepolcro dei Conigi. Le loro spoglie riposano ancora lì sotto, dentro a ciò che rimane dell’armatura o del vestito di rappresentanza, in attesa che a qualcuno, un giorno, venga in mente di riportarli alla luce. Fonte: rivista “Venturina Terme”, n. 14 (settembre-ottobre 2016) il percorso della salute disintossicazione profonda A questo punto del percorso, dopo aver riattivato le vie di eliminazione del corpo, si può procedere con la parte più profonda della disintossicazione attraverso l’idrocolonterapia, il lavaggio epatico ed il digiuno. Queste tecniche vengono potenziare dalla preparazione precedente. Le tossine così liberate vengono più velocemente espulse. Per approfondire leggi le sezioni specifiche riguardanti: اینستاگرام همیشه در حال اضافه کردن ویژگی های جدید است. یکی از ویژگی هایی که اینستاگرام بی سر و صدا به برنامه اضافه کرد قابلیت یادداشت ها یا Notes بود. می توانید نوت ها را به عنوان توییت های کوچکی در نظر بگیرید که شما را قادر می سازد تا از آن ها برای به اشتراک گذاشتن افکار زودگذر در بستر شبکه های اجتماعی از طریق برنامه پیام رسان اینستاگرام استفاده کنید. یادداشت یا Note در اینستاگرام چیست؟ نوت ها عمدتاً متن هایی هستند که میتوانید با فالوورهای خود که به آن ها فالو بک داده اید یا دوستان نزدیک در پلتفرم به اشتراک بگذارید. نوت ها می توانند ۶۰ کاراکتر باشند و پس از ۲۴ ساعت ناپدید شوند. شما همچنین می توانید موسیقی را به یادداشت های خود اضافه کنید یا یادداشت های ویدیویی را در اینستاگرام به اشتراک بگذارید. فقط ویدیوهای کوتاه ۲ ثانیه ای را می توان به عنوان یادداشت به اشتراک گذاشت. یادداشت های ویدیویی به طور موقت جایگزین عکس پروفایل شما در اینستاگرام می شوند. با این حال، یادداشت ها می تواند برای برخی گیج کننده باشد. آنها در صفحه اصلی یا استوری های شما ظاهر نمی شوند. بنابراین، کجا در اینستاگرام می توانید آن ها را پیدا کنید و ببینید؟ می توانید یادداشت ها را از صفحه پیام های دایرکت در برنامه اینستاگرام پیدا کنید. یادداشت ها فقط در برنامه موبایل اینستاگرام قابل مشاهده هستند. شما نمی توانید آنها را در instagram.com از مرورگر تلفن همراه یا کامپیوتر خود مشاهده کنید. نحوه دیدن یادداشت ها (Note) در اینستاگرام ۱- برای دیدن یادداشت ها در اینستاگرام، اپلیکیشن اینستاگرام را در گوشی خود باز کنید. ۲- سپس، از صفحه اصلی، روی آیکون مسنجر یا موشک در گوشه سمت راست بالای صفحه ضربه بزنید یا انگشت خود را روی صفحه به چپ بکشید. ۳- یادداشت ها در بالای صفحه پیام های دایرکت شما ظاهر می شوند. اگر نمیتوانید فوراً یادداشتهای جدید را ببینید، صفحه دایرکت را به پایین بکشید تا آن ها را به روزرسانی کنید. یادداشتهای سایر افراد تنها در صورتی در دسترس خواهند بود که در فهرست فالورهای آنها باشید و شما را متقابلا فالو کرده باشند یا جزو کلوز فرند یا دوستان نزدیک آنها در اینستاگرام باشید. ۴- برای ارسال پاسخ روی یادداشت ضربه بزنید و متنی تایپ کنید و بفرستید پاسخ به صورت دایرکت به اشتراک
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بوشهر توسط سایت طرح فنی برای تمامی طرح های اقتصادی در شاخه های مختلف امکان پذیر می باشد. دسترسی سریع به عناوین مقاله - 1 موقعیت جغرافیایی منطقه آزاد بوشهر - 2 امکانات بندری منطقه آزاد بوشهر - 3 به این مقاله چه امتیازی میدهید؟ موقعیت جغرافیایی منطقه آزاد بوشهر منطقه آزاد بوشهر دقیقا در جنوبی ترین نقطه کشور و در کنار آبهای نیلگون خلیج فارس قرار دارد. مساحت این منطقه بالغ بر 27 هزار هکتار بوده و جمعیت آن بیش از 800 هزار نفر است. استان بوشهر از غرب با استان های خوزستان و کهگیلویه و بویر احمد، از شمال با استان فارس و از شرق با استان هرمزگان همجوار است. استان بوشهر بیش از 700 کیلومتر مرز دریایی با خلیج فارس دارد. منطقه آزاد بوشهر در بین مناطق آزاد تازه تاسیس، بیشترین وسعت را خواهد داشت و علاوه بر شهرها و روستاهای مختلف، شامل جزیره ها و شبه جزیره های متعدد است. بخش های موجود در منطقه آزاد بوشهر یکی از مهم ترین اقدامات برای راه اندازی یک طرح اقتصادی در منطقه آزاد بوشهر، قلمرو سنجی طرح و انتخاب مکان مناسب برای احداث پروژه است که توسط طرح توجیهی سازمان منطقه آزاد بوشهر به بهترین و بی نقص ترین شکل ممکن انجام می گیرد. استان بوشهر شامل 10 شهرستان، 40 شهر، تعداد کثیری روستا و 22 جزیره است. منطقه آزاد تجاری صنعتی بوشهر را می توان به سه بخش منطقه اقتصادی 1، منطقه اقتصادی 2 و شهرک صنعتی بوشهر تقسیم بندی نمود. جزیره عباسک، جزیره صدف، صنایع دریایی صدرا و مجتمع بندری نگین از جمله بخش های شاخص و پراهمیت در منطقه آزاد بوشهر هستند. اقلیم و آب و هوای منطقه آزاد بوشهر آب و هوای منطقه آزاد بوشهر در ناحیه ساحلی، گرم و مرطوب و در سایر نواحی، گرم و خشک است. بوشهر از استان های بسیار گرم کشور به حساب می آید، به طوری که حداکثر دمای 50 درجه در آن به ثبت رسیده و میانگین سالیانه دما در آن بین 24 تا 28 درجه سانتی گراد اعلام شده است. دمای منطقه آزاد بوشهر در 7 ماه از سال گرم و در سایر فصول معتدل است. متوسط میزان بارش در استان بوشهر 217 میلی متر می باشد. شرجی و رطوبت بالا از پدیده های بارز آب و هوایی در بوشهر هستند. منطقه آزاد بوشهر به دلیل کمبود بارندگی، ارتفاع کم و درجه حرارت بالا از لحاظ پوشش گیاهی ضعیف و در برخی از بخش ها فاقد پوشش گیاهی است. راه های دسترسی به منطقه آزاد بوشهر بی شک راه های دسترسی و امکانات حمل و نقل از مهم ترین عوامل برای انتخاب یک منطقه برای راه اندازی طرح های اقتصادی هستند. طرح توجیهی سازمان منطقه آزاد بوشهر، امکانات حمل و نقل و راه های ارتباطی منطقه را برای راه اندازی یک کسب و کار در این منطقه بررسی می کند. طبق آمارهای رسمی، بوشهر دارای شرایط بسیار مطلوبی در راه های دسترسی است. در استان بوشهر حدود 4 هزار کیلومتر راه زمینی وجود دارد که 600 کیلومتر از آن ها به صورت بزرگراه است. شبکه راه های زمینی، منطقه آزاد بوشهر را به استان های همجوار متصل می کند. افزون بر دسترسی زمینی، منطقه آزاد بوشهر دارای امکانات خوب برای دسترسی هوایی است. تعداد 5 فرودگاه رسمی در استان بوشهر در شهرهای بوشهر، جزیره خارک، عسلویه، جم و بندر امام حسن قرار دارند. ضمن این که انتظار می رود، با افتتاح شبکه راه آهن در دست ساخت شیراز- بوشهر- عسلویه، وضعیت ارتباطی منطقه آزاد بوشهر بیش از پیش ارتقا پیدا کند. امکانات بندری منطقه آزاد بوشهر طبق مطالعات کارشناسان در طرح توجیهی سازمان منطقه آزاد بوشهر، این منطقه از موقعیت راهبردی و ترانزیتی ویژه ای برخوردار است. بندر بوشهر از جمله بنادر اصلی و مهم کشور محسوب می گردد. این بندر شامل 15 پست اسکله عمومی، اسکله کانتینری، اسکله مایع، اسکله فله و اسکله نفتی است که امکان بارگیری و ترانزیت دریایی را فراهم می کنند. عمق آبخور در بندر بوشهر بین 4 تا 10.5 متر است، از این رو می تواند، کشتی های از ظرفیت 30 هزار تن تا 7 میلیون تن را پذیرش نماید. مزیت های اقتصادی منطقه آزاد بوشهر طرح توجیهی سازمان منطقه آزاد بوشهر، مزیت های اقتصادی بسیاری را برای این منطقه ذکر نموده است. استان بوشهر به دلیل بهره مندی از منابع غنی نفت و گاز، میزبان شرکت های متعدد نفت، گاز و پتروشیمی است. بوشهر یکی از مهم ترین مبداء های صادرات نفت خام در جهان محسوب می گردد. ضمن این که گمرک های استان بوشهر، رتبه اول را در زمینه صادرات کالاهای غیر نفتی (عمدتا محصولات پتروشیمی) به خود اختصاص داده اند. به طوری که طبق آمار این گمرک ها همه ساله به حدود 60 کشور جهان، صادرات کالا دارند. وجود منطقه ویژه عسلویه نیز از نقاط قوت استان بوشهر می باشد. در این منطقه بیش از 65 هزار نفر نیروی کار، مشغول به فعالیت هستند. افزون بر صنایع نفت، گاز و پتروشیمی، منطقه بوشهر در زمینه صید ماهی، پرورش ماهی، میگو و آبزیان، تولید خرما، صنایع کشتی سازی، لنج سازی و سکو سازی، توربافی، صنایع دستی و گردشگری نیز کارنامه درخشانی دارد. نیروگاه اتمی بوشهر، صنایع دریایی ایران و شهرک های صنعتی متعدد نیز از نقاط قوت بوشهر از لحاظ اقتصادی هستند. برنامه ها و اهداف راه اندازی منطقه آزاد بوشهر ایجاد منطقه آزاد بوشهر، نقطه شروعی برای آزاد سازی تجاری و توسعه اقتصادی استان بوشهر و کشور است. با راه اندازی منطقه آزاد بوشهر، بسیاری از ظرفیت های منفعل به شکوفایی رسیده و اشتغالزایی گسترده ای صورت می گیرد. ضمن این که اعمال سیاست های حمایتی و معافیت های قانونی منجر به جذب سرمایه های داخلی و خارجی خواهد شد. طرح توجیهی سازمان منطقه آزاد بوشهر در راستای اهداف منطقه آزاد بوشهر نوشته شده و منطبق با قوانین حاکم بر این منطقه است. منطقه آزاد بوشهر برای حمایت از کارآفرینان منطقه، اقداماتی را در خصوص افزایش اختیارات بانک های منطقه برای اعطای تسهیلات به سرمایه گذاران انجام داده است. فراهم آوردن زیرساخت های لازم شامل برق، جاده های دسترسی، گاز، مخابرات، خوراک صنایع و واگذاری زمین به سرمایه گذاران در منطقه نیز از برنامه های منطقه آزاد بوشهر می باشند. مزایای قانونی سرمایه گذاری در منطقه آزاد بوشهر به طور کلی مناطق آزاد مشمول برخی تسهیلات قانونی هستند که منطقه آزاد بوشهر نیز از این قاعده مستثنی نخواهد بود. بنابراین بسیار مهم است که نگارش طرح توجیهی سازمان منطقه آزاد بوشهر با توجه به قوانین حاکم بر مناطق آزاد تهیه شود تا واقعی و قابل اجرا باشد. برخی از مزایای قانونی سرمایه گذاری در منطقه آزاد به صورت زیر هستند: - معافیت مالیاتی 20 ساله برای تمامی کسب و کارها و فعالیت های اقتصادی - معافیت گمرکی و عدم پرداخت سود بازرگانی برای ورود کالا و مواد اولیه - اشتغال نیروی انسانی، بیمه و تامین اجتماعی مطابق با تسهیلات و قوانین منطقه آزاد - معافیت از پرداخت مالیات ارزش افزوده برای نقل و انتقال کالا و خدمات در محدوده منطقه - امکان ثبت شرکت با سهام 100 درصد خارجی - تضمین حمایت از سرمایه های خارجی - انتقال ارز بدون محدودیت و با سهولت ضرورت تنظیم طرح توجیهی سازمان منطقه آزاد بوشهر طرح توجیهی سازمان منطقه آزاد بوشهر شامل مطالعات پایه و عملیاتی کسب و کار به همراه برآورد هزینه های راه اندازی، نحوه تامین منابع مالی مورد نیاز، برنامه زمان بندی طرح و تحقیقات بازار است. طرح توجیهی فوق، مشخصات پروژه را با توجه به پتانسیل ها، قوانین و مشخصات منطقه آزاد بوشهر بررسی کرده سپس سودآوری طرح را مشخص می کند. افزون بر آن، طرح توجیهی سازمان منطقه آزاد بوشهر از مستندات و مدارکی است که معمولا توسط سازمان ها و بانک ها برای صدور مجوز فعالیت اقتصادی و اعطای تسهیلات درخواست می شود. از این رو باید توسط کارشناسان واجد شرایط نوشته شود تا از سندیت و وجاهت قانونی برخوردار باشد. سفارش طرح توجیهی سازمان منطقه آزاد بوشهر در پایان این سوال مطرح می گردد که نگارش طرح توجیهی سازمان منطقه آزاد بوشهر را به چه کسانی بسپاریم؟ در پاسخ باید گفت، به دلیل تمایز قوانین منطقه آزاد با سایر نقاط کشور، نگارش این طرح توجیهی باید حتما توسط کارشناسان خبره و با تجربه در این زمینه انجام گردد. سایت طرح فنی متشکل از برترین طرح توجیهی نویسان کشور است که با سابقه ای بالغ بر 25 سال در امور سرمایه گذاری، کامل ترین طرح های توجیهی را نگارش می کنند. کارشناسان ما نگارش انواع طرح توجیهی را برای مناطق آزاد مختلف انجام داده اند و بهترین انتخاب برای تدوین طرح توجیهی سازمان منطقه آزاد بوشهر می باشند. گفتنی است، 5 ماه پشتیبانی رایگان و جلسه آنلاین رایگان از امتیازات طرح فنی با سفارش طرح توجیهی هستند. Under deadline pressure, in less only 30 minutes, students worked with a partner to create short summaries of key ideas. Take a look! Corey Abramson and Lorraine Childs found a variety of sources that illustrate John Dewey‘s ideas about the relationship between knowledge and action. Conor Schnarr and Rich Becker show how Sir Ken Robinson’s ideas about creativity and learning are fundamentally linked to Dewey’s ideas about the purpose of education: helping people realize their human potential. Chloe Westman and Bi-Hsuan Chien write about Marshall McLuhan, noting how he explores the shift between book culture and television culture. Print culture promotes individualism and social hierarchy while television can be understood by millions with no background and training. Scott Stitzer and Genevieve Gillespie watched the McLuhan CBC video and learned that McLuhan believed it was harder to maintain a fixed point of view in an electronic age, because we are surrounded by so much information in our media environment. Jaleesa Jackson and Ashley Blakeney selected key quotes from an essay by Bruner where he outlines his theory about learning from experience and learning from symbols. In their interpretation, they note the important role of learning by observing others. Karen Fisher and Kevin Hopkins claim that Bruner is aware of the limitations of learning from symbols – because of the way they can be interpreted in many ways. HOWARD GARDNER AND HENRY JENKINS Chaz Flores and Autumn Davis note that Henry Jenkins sees the benefits of young people becoming creators of content at an early age. Howard Gardner found that the idea of “doing one’s best work” may be associated with people’s need for fame, however. Luis Cruz and Keaton Nichols offer some quotes from the “How we Got Here” essay that show how these scholars see young people as responsible for being critical thinkers– and for being smart about their online and offline identities. Nelson Mandela was, quite famously, a fan of European classical music. His two favorite composers were George Frideric Handel and Pyotr Ilych Tchaikovsky, but he grew up exposed to the country’s rich tradition of vocal groups forging a unique form of sacred rhythm music. That changed while the former South African president and longtime democratic activist was imprisoned by the pro-apartheid government from 1962 to 1990. He wasn’t allowed access to music. Artists, however, used Mandela's jailing to fuel global protest songs, and during his years in captivity, Mandela’s messages were delivered on the wings of rhythm and melody. The response to Mandela’s cause, in fact, helped bridge cultural divides that continue to hold. One of the best known songs, Artists United Against Apartheid’s “I Ain’t Gonna Play Sun City,” for the first time brought together on record superstars of rock and R&B with the kings of a rising young genre called hip-hop. On the African continent, anti-apartheid couriers such as Miriam Makeba, Hugh Masekela, Youssou N’Dour and the Malopoets expressed outrage through song. As the anti-apartheid movement grew in the 1970s and '80s, marquee names such as U2, Peter Gabriel, Bruce Springsteen, Steven Van Zandt and Stevie Wonder spoke or sung out on behalf of Nelson Mandela’s cause. What follows are 10 essential works that celebrate the late Nelson Mandela and his efforts. His spirit, perseverance and dignity fueled not only the cause of liberty and equality, but drove music to great heights. Sipho “Hotstix” Mabuse, “Nelson Mandela” (1994) In 1994, singer Sipho “Hotstix” Mabuse was commissioned by the African National Congress to write an election song in support of Nelson Mandela’s campaign. The activist had been released from prison four years before, and Mabuse eagerly agreed; he’d been singing about Mandela’s plight for years. The result was, simply, “Nelson Mandela,” which featured Mandela himself reading from a speech he gave during one of his trials in 1964. Stevie Wonder, “It’s Wrong” (1985) In 1985, Stevie Wonder was at one of many career peaks, and used that power to expose the injustices occurring in South Africa. Employing exiled South African musicians, Wonder put the rhythmic breakdown that is “It’s Wrong” on his “In Square Circle” album. That same year he was arrested during a Washington, D.C., anti-apartheid protest and dedicated the Oscar he won for the song “I Just Called to Say I Love You” to Nelson Mandela. The South African government responded by banning Wonder’s songs -- evidence of their hopeless desperation. Brenda Fassie, "My Black President" (1989) A song banned in South Africa when it was released in 1989, “My Black President” was a tipping-point song, offered as it was a year before Mandela's exit from jail in 1990. It’s a thrilling song, filled with the sound of black South Africa: a harmonious choral group, smooth as chrome, humming through the song while Fassie sings, imagining the moment that Nelson Mandela is released. Johnny Clegg and Savuka, “Asimbonanga” (1987) One of the most popular anthems of the anti-apartheid movement was South African singer Johnny Clegg and his band Savuka’s “Asimbonanga,” which, translated, means “We haven’t seen him.” A protest whose Zulu chant brings Mandela’s absence to life, the clip below features a special guest midway through -- a dancing, smiling Mandela. Artists United Against Apartheid, “I Ain’t Gonna Play Sun City” (1985) In 1985, guitarist Steven Van Zandt of Bruce Springsteen’s E Street Band (and future actor on “The Sopranos”) helped spearhead a musical boycott of South Africa’s big ticket resort town Sun City, which until then had paid handsome money for superstar concerts. Van Zandt banded together a lineup for the song “I Ain’t Gonna Play Sun City” that nearly 30 years later remains not
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skills in order to save the day. Their adventures take viewers from a farm to a distant planet, from a pirate island to a prehistoric valley, from Romeo and Juliet’s Verona to Cleopatra’s Egypt to New York’s Radio City Music Hall. While teaching specific math lessons, the series displays the value of resilience and perseverance in problem-solving. PEG + CAT’s multiplatform media experience includes interactive mobile and online content. The property offers games and other resources online at pbskids.org/peg, and additional interactive features, including more games, streaming video, parent and educator resources and a mobile app, are slated to launch along with the on-air premiere in fall 2013. Enjoy the show with the child in your life. ▎药明康德/报导 今天下午,2019年诺贝尔奖的最终一个自然科学类奖项揭晓——John Goodenough教授,Stanley Whittingham教授,以及吉野彰博士因在锂电池创造道路上所做的奠基性奉献,荣获本年的诺贝尔化学奖。 本年的诺贝尔化学奖得主John Goodenough教授(左)、Stanley Whittingham教授(中),以及吉野彰博士(右)(图片来历:参考资料[1]) 在曩昔的几十年里,只要寥寥无几的创造彻底改动了整个国际,其间就有锂电池的一席之地。举个简略的比如,假如没有锂电池,你现在就无法经过手头的这款设备读到这条新闻。 电池:年代一度的弃儿 锂电池是怎样诞生的呢?这还要从1960年代说起。其时,电池并不是什么新鲜玩意儿。咱们早就知道电池需求有两个电极,电极之间需求有电解质,让离子移动。电池的两个电极别离叫做阴极和阳极。在电池放电时,带正电的离子会从阳极跑到阴极,发生电流。 可想而知,用于两个电极与电解质的资料,决议了电池的功能。为了改造电池,科学家们需求测验各种不同的资料。这看上去是一件单调的事,也没有多少人乐意投身其间。 推出T型车的福特公司,在无意中激起了研讨电池的热潮(图片来历:By Harry Shipler (https://collections.lib.utah.edu/details?id=525524) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons) 但是1966年,福特公司彻底改动了这个状况。在推出了闻名的T型车后,福特公司决议出资电力驱动的轿车。为了供给车辆行进的动力,福特公司方案开发一种新的电池,贮存的能量要是原先的15倍之多。按想象,这种新电池每次只需求充电1小时,就能驾驭322公里,听起来十分吸引人。 从现在看,福特公司的豪言并没有真实实现。但这却在其时激起了一股研讨电池的热潮。“一会儿,一切的工作都改动了,电池不再是单调乏味的范畴”,Goodenough教授回忆说。这股对电池的疯狂一向继续到了70年代:在石油危机的影响下,人们越发信任,电力驱动才是未来。 锂电池的诞生 而锂电池便是人们提出的新式电池之一。其时任职于Exxon公司的Whittingham博士造出了锂电池的雏形。他指出,二硫化钛与锂有望成为一种全新的电池体系。这两者之间的电化学反响十分敏捷,且在环境温度下是可逆的。这标明咱们能够给这种电池充电。在1976年的一篇《科学》论文中,Whittingham博士指出二硫化钛是能作为阴极的新一代固体资料。 短短两页论文,带来了锂电池的雏形(图片来历:参考资料[2]) 但锂电池的雏形并没有得到广泛应用,这背面有着多种原因。首要,二硫化钛太贵了(其时价格每公斤1000美元),不适合作为电池的资料。其次,在与空气触摸后,二硫化钛也会发生硫化氢。这种分子不只具有恶臭气味,还对动物有毒性。此外,金属锂制成的电极十分生动,简单带来起火或爆破等安全隐患。考虑一再,Exxon公司决议抛弃这款锂电池的研制方案。 但其他科学家们并没有抛弃此类新式电池。已然问题出在电极的资料上,或许替换电极就能解决问题。1980年,Goodenough教授的团队做出打破。他们发现锂的金属氧化物或许能成为锂电池的电极。一方面,它仍然能开释锂离子;另一方面,它更为安稳,没有安全隐患。在当年的《Materials Research Bulletin》杂志上,他的团队标明钴酸锂(LiCoO2)能成为锂电池的阴极资料。时至今天,咱们依旧在运用这种资料制作锂电池。 锂电池的结构示意图(图片来历:By Colintheone (https://avs.scitation.org/doi/10.1116/1.4983210) [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)], via Wikimedia Commons) 而电池另一极的研制则略微遇到了些弯曲。同样是在1980年,一些科学家指出,石墨或许能成为锂电池的阳极资料。但是电池中的一些可溶分子会刺进到石墨的碳结构中,形成损坏。而吉野彰博士与其搭档则运用聚乙炔(polyacetylene)作为阳极资料,一举取得了成功。1985年,使用钴酸锂和聚乙炔,吉野彰博士制作出了榜首块现代锂电池。1991年,索尼与旭化成株式会社一起推出了榜首块商业化的锂电池。一个簇新的年代到来了。 自那时起,这三人就一向被视为诺贝尔化学奖的有力竞争者,却屡次与获奖无缘。现在,间隔这些科学家们的立异创造,现已曩昔了30多年。而今天颁发他们的诺贝尔化学奖,也是对他们为这国际所作严重改动的最佳认可! 本文题图:Photo by Adam Baker, 'Nobel Prize Medal in Chemistry' CC BY 4.0 (https:///photos/atbaker/8459286843), via Flickr 参考资料: [1] Retrieved October 9, 2019, from [2] M. S. Whittingham (1976), Electrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistry, Science, DOI: 10.1126/science.192.4244.1126 [3] K.Mizushima et al., (1980), LixCoO2 (0 [4] G. E. Blomgren (2017), The Development and Future of Lithium Ion Batteries, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, DOI: 10.1149/2.0251701jes 版权阐明:本文来自药明康德内容团队,欢迎个人转发至朋友圈,谢绝媒体或组织未经授权以任何方式转载至其他渠道。转载授权请在「药明康德」微信大众号回复“转载”,获取转载须知。 纽瑞耶夫是矛盾的,一方面他是个乡下野孩子,出生在西伯利亚伊尔库茨克附近的村庄。成年后,他性格暴躁,言行粗鲁。但另一方面,他又具有极高的文学艺术修养,喜欢阅读陀思妥耶夫斯基和普希金的作品;他对绘画艺术也颇热爱,在圣彼得堡期间,除了练习舞蹈,也常去冬宫(艾尔米塔什博物馆)欣赏名画,他的传记电影《白乌鸦》有一场拍他第一次到巴黎演出(也就是叛逃那次),如饥似渴去卢浮宫看《梅杜萨之筏》。他跳舞时,乐感和节奏丝丝入扣,无可挑剔,这得益于古典音乐对他的长期熏陶。他有一任情人华莱士·波兹,喜欢摇滚乐,霸道的纽瑞耶夫不许他在家播放摇滚乐,华莱士挺机灵的,说服了纽瑞耶夫和他去听了一次摇滚乐,也许现场的气氛感动了纽瑞耶夫,他对摇滚乐稍稍有了改观,所谓“稍稍”改观,就是他允许华莱士在家听摇滚乐了,前提是:“我不在家的时候。”纽瑞耶夫是个彻头彻尾的古典乐迷,非常固执。到了生命的最后几年,他实在跳不动了,有意改行学指挥,他确实这么做了,跟他的老朋友——维也纳音乐学院的威廉·赫布纳(Wilhelm Hubner)学习乐团指挥,他也指挥了不少场音乐会,曲目包括贝多芬、海顿、莫扎特、普罗科菲耶夫、史特拉汶斯基等人的作品。 با نام جان بولینگر ، یک تحلیلگر فنی که آنها را در دهه 1980 توسعه داد ، گروههای بولینگر سطح نوسانات را برای یک جفت ارز مشخص می کنند. از آنجا که افزایش ناگهانی نوسانات می تواند یک روند برگشت روند را پیش بینی کند ، نوارهای بولینگر برای تعریف قیمت گذاری "کانال ها" در یک نمودار قیمت قرار می گیرند. بولینگر اولین کسی نبود که به طور متوسط در حال حرکت است. با این حال ، او با اضافه کردن باند های بالا و پایین تر از خط میانگین متحرک برای تعریف مرزهای با نرخ بالا و پایین ، یک قدم جلوتر از این ایده بی نظیر بود. سپس این مرزها برای اندازه گیری نوسانات استفاده می شود. محاسبه باند بولینگر قبل از اینکه به شماره ها برویم ، به یاد داشته باشید که قبلاً کار سخت را برای شما انجام داده ایم. تمام کاری که شما باید انجام دهید این است که وارد حساب تجارت خود شوید و تجزیه و تحلیل Bollinger Bands را مستقیماً با یک کلیک به نمودار خود اضافه کنید. گروههای بولینگر شامل 3 محاسبه ساده است: - 1 باند اول یا میانی بولینگر میانگین حرکت قیمت بسته شدن است. به عنوان مثال ، برای محاسبه میانگین متوسط در حال حرکت ، قیمت های پایانی یک ساز را برای 20 روز متوالی اضافه می کنید و آن مقدار را با 20 تقسیم می کنید. - 2 خط دوم باند فوقانی بولینگر است. برای محاسبه باند بولینگر فوقانی ، میانگین حرکت نزدیک را محاسبه می کنید و انحرافات استاندارد را به آن اضافه می کنید. به عنوان مثال فرمول باند فوقانی MOV20+(2*20 انحراف از نزدیک) خواهد بود. - 3 خط سوم باند پایین بولینگر است. برای محاسبه باند Bollinger پایین ، میانگین متحرک انحراف استاندارد نزدیک و تفریق را از آن محاسبه می کنید. به عنوان مثال فرمول باند پایین MOV20- (2*20 انحراف از نزدیک). فشار بولینگر هنگامی که باندها به هم فشار می یابند ، معمولاً به این معنی است که یک شکست قریب الوقوع است. اگر شمع ها از گروه بالا شروع به بیرون آمدن کنند ، معمولاً این حرکت همچنان افزایش می یابد. اگر شمع ها از زیر باند پایین شروع شوند ، معمولاً قیمت همچنان به سقوط ادامه می یابد. این استراتژی برای شما طراحی شده است تا در اسرع وقت یک حرکت را انجام دهید. گزاف گویی بولینگر این استراتژی برای کسانی از ما است که دوست دارند از بازارها خیلی کم بخواهند. در اصل ، شما منتظر هستید تا بازار از گروهها به وسط گروهها برگردد. با درخواست زیاد ، ممکن است در نهایت بتوانید نوسانات وحشی مانده حساب خود را کاهش دهید. نحوه استفاده از باند های بولینگر با سایر شاخص های فنی بولینگر و RSI گروههای بولینگر می توانند ابزاری بسیار انعطاف پذیر و سازگار باشند. ترکیب باند های بولینگر با سایر شاخص ها بسیار متداول است. شاخص قدرت نسبی (RSI) می تواند به تأیید قدرت نسبی یک روند کمک کند. RSI یک نشانگر حرکت است که تعداد روزهایی را که یک ساز در مقابل بسته شدن بسته می شود ، مقایسه می کند. این مقادیر سپس از 0 تا 100 متغیر است ، با این که بیش از حد پیش بینی می شود وقتی RSI مقدار بیش از 70 را برگرداند و اوراق بهادار بیش از حد انتظار می رود که مقدار زیر 30 باشد. به عنوان مثال ، اگر قیمت ابزار به گروه فوقانی کانال قیمت باند بولینگر برسد و در عین حال RSI 70+ را بخواند ، می توانید تشخیص دهید که این ساز بیش از حد است و سپس ساز را می فروشید. فرض کنید در عوض ، نمودار قیمت نشان می دهد که معاملات به باند پایین بولینگر رسیده است و RSI زیر 30 سال نیست. در این حالت ، RSI به ما می گوید که این ساز ممکن است بیش از حد باشد زیرا به نظر می رسد گروههای بولینگر نشان می دهد ، زیرا روند نزولی ادامه دارد. اگر RSI به اندازه کافی بالا باشد ، می توانید فروش را در نظر بگیرید. بولینگر و MACD MACD به طور معمول برای نشان دادن اینکه آیا یک ابزار بیش از حد مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد یا از بین می رود ، استفاده می شود ، که عموماً به یک روند روند آینده اشاره می کند. یک استراتژی تجاری محبوب که از قدرت MACD استفاده می کند ، واگرایی در تجارت است. هنگامی که اوج های جدیدی را در قیمت ساز مشاهده می کنید اما در MACD نیست ، ممکن است نشان دهنده حرکت پشت قیمت بالاتر در حال کاهش باشد و قیمت ها به زودی تنظیم می شوند. سیگنال ها و استراتژی های باند بولینگر (راه رفتن باندها ، M-Tops ، W-Bottoms و معکوس) راه رفتن باندها (که گاهی اوقات به عنوان سوار شدن به گروهها گفته می شود) همانطور که بولینگر بیان می کند ، حرکت می کند که لمس یا فراتر از باند ها سیگنال نیستند بلکه "برچسب" هستند. حرکت به سمت باند فوقانی قدرت را نشان می دهد ، در حالی که حرکت تیز به باند پایین ضعف را نشان می دهد. قیمت ها می توانند "گروه را با لمس های بی شماری در طی یک صعود قوی" قدم بزنند. برای فراتر از یک باند فوقانی یک حرکت قیمت بسیار قوی طول می کشد. درست همانطور که یک صعود قوی برچسب های باند بالایی را تولید می کند ، همچنین معمول است که قیمت ها هرگز در حین صعود به باند پایین نرسند. m-tops در ابتدایی ترین شکل خود ، یک M-Top شبیه به یک بالا است. با این حال ، اوج واکنش همیشه برابر نیست. بالا اول می تواند بالاتر یا پایین تر از سطح دوم باشد. بولینجر پیشنهاد می کند وقتی یک ساز در حال ساخت اوج های جدید است ، به دنبال علائم عدم تأیید باشید. این در اصل برعکس W-Bottom است. عدم تأیید با سه مرحله رخ می دهد. اول ، یک ساز واکنشی بالاتر از باند فوقانی را جعل می کند. دوم ، یک بازگشت به سمت گروه میانی وجود دارد. سوم ، قیمت ها از بالاتر از حد قبلی حرکت می کنند ، اما نتوانند به گروه فوقانی برسند. این یک علامت هشدار دهنده است. ناتوانی در واکنش دوم برای رسیدن به باند فوقانی نشان می دهد که حرکت در حال کاهش است ، که می تواند یک روند معکوس را پیش بینی کند. تأیید نهایی با یک استراحت پشتیبانی یا سیگنال نشانگر نزولی همراه است. دمای دبلیو یک "W-L-Tom" در یک روند نزولی شکل می گیرد و شامل دو پایین واکنش است. به طور خاص ، بولینگر به دنبال W-Dotoms است که پایین دوم پایین تر از حالت اول باشد ، اما بالاتر از باند پایین است. چهار مرحله برای تأیید W-Bottom با گروههای بولینگر وجود دارد. اول ، یک واکنش کم. این کم معمولاً ، اما نه همیشه ، زیر باند پایین است. دوم ، یک گزاف گویی به سمت گروه میانی وجود دارد. سوم ، قیمت جدیدی در ساز وجود دارد. این پایین بالای باند پایین قرار دارد. توانایی نگه داشتن بالای باند پایین در آزمون ضعف کمتری در آخرین کاهش نشان می دهد. چهارم ، این الگوی با یک حرکت قوی از پایین دوم و استراحت مقاومت تأیید می شود. معکوس با گروههای بولینگر یکی دیگر از ویژگی های قابل توجه گروههای بولینگر ، سازهایی است که هنگام بیرون رفت
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di manutenzione delle autostrade. La riabilitazione delle linee esistenti è in corso ed è stato inaugurato un nuovo collegamento ferroviario diretto con l'Ungheria. La Slovenia ha anche concluso un accordo con l'Italia sul tracciato del futuro collegamento ferroviario ad alta velocità Venezia-Lubiana. Settore ferroviario: la legge sui trasporti ferroviari, adottata nel novembre 1999, definisce gli obblighi di servizio pubblico, determina le condizioni di accesso alle infrastrutture e prevede la ristrutturazione e la privatizzazione delle ferrovie slovene. La legge che regolamenta le infrastrutture ferroviarie, il materiale rotabile e le norme di sfruttamento dei sistemi di controllo e di sicurezza è stata adottata nel 2000. Nel 2002 sono state adottate nuove disposizioni applicative che attuano una parte dell'acquis in materia di sicurezza tecnica dell'infrastruttura ferroviaria. L'agenzia ferroviaria recentemente istituita deve essere potenziata, in particolare mediante formazione specializzata del personale. Per quanto concerne i trasporti aerei, nel febbraio del 2000 è stata adottata la legge sulle relazioni obbligatorie e le altre relazioni giuridiche nel settore dell'aviazione, che stabilisce le responsabilità e le relazioni contrattuali nel settore dell'aviazione. È stata inoltre adottata una legislazione secondaria nei settori dell'armonizzazione tecnica e della riduzione delle emissioni sonore. Sono stati condotti a termine i negoziati tra la CE e la Slovenia sull'accordo multilaterale che crea uno spazio europeo aereo comune; alla fine del 1999 è stato firmato il relativo protocollo bilaterale. Sono stati approvati inoltre stanziamenti di bilancio per permettere all'autorità dell'aviazione civile di assumere 39 persone nel 2000. La Slovenia deve ancora adottare una legge sui trasporti aerei e condurre a termine il potenziamento amministrativo delle autorità competenti in materia di aviazione civile. Nel 2001, la Slovenia ha adottato la legge sui trasporti aerei che stabilisce le condizioni e prescrizioni riguardanti, in particolare, gli aeromobili, il personale navigante, gli aeroporti, le infrastrutture, ecc.. Inoltre, la Slovenia è diventata membro a pieno titolo delle Autorità congiunte dell'aviazione. Infine, è in fase di allestimento un nuovo organismo, incaricato dell'indagine sugli incidenti nell'aviazione civile. Nel 2003 è stata in gran parte recepita la normativa quadro e le norme di recepimento sono conformi all'acquis. Sono tuttavia ancora necessarie alcune modifiche, in particolare per quanto riguarda l'attribuzione delle bande orarie e i servizi di assistenza a terra. Nel campo dei trasporti marittimi sono state adottate disposizioni relative agli organismi abilitati a controllare la sicurezza delle navi, nella prospettiva della ratifica ad opera della Slovenia del memorandum di intesa relativo al controllo delle navi da parte dello Stato di approdo (memorandum di Parigi) a livello del diritto derivato. Il governo ha inoltre adottato un decreto concernente la riduzione dei diritti di porto per le navi cisterna a zavorra segregata e disposizioni relative alle norme per gli esami dei piloti. Il paese sta potenziando l'organico dell'amministrazione dei trasporti marittimi e sono stati approvati stanziamenti di bilancio per l'assunzione di altre 7 persone nel 2000. La Slovenia ha adottato nel 2001 il codice marittimo e le convenzioni pertinenti dell'Organizzazione marittima internazionale (OMI) nel settore dell'inquinamento dagli idrocarburi. Nel 2002 è stata adottata una serie di regole sulle condizioni di sicurezza del traffico portuale e sul mantenimento dell'ordine nei porti e nelle acque territoriali slovene. La Slovenia deve ancora adottare un certo numero di disposizioni di applicazione, in particolare per quanto riguarda il pacchetto « Erika » e le ultime modifiche apportate all'acquis in materia di navi da passeggeri, navi da pesca, materiale di navigazione ed impianti portuali di raccolta. Il presente documento di sintesi, diffuso a titolo informativo, non è inteso ad interpretare né a sostituire il documento di riferimento. Humans have a broad spectrum of emotions that govern their actions, and everyone has a bad day from time to time. Even Charles Darwin wrote to a friend once that he was “doing very poorly today, and very stupid, and hate[d] everyone and everything.” Teachers, like most people, are also susceptible to the effects of stress, but most handle it professionally and move forward. Yet, in some instances, teachers don't manage stress appropriately and take it out on their students. A bad day for a professor may manifest as excessive irritation or anger, affecting their better judgment. Some professors may develop implicit biases against students unconsciously as a byproduct of their stress and anger. Unbeknownst to a student, even being in the wrong place at the wrong time can mean suspension, even if the student did not commit a serious offense. More Pressure, More Bias Although most people would like to think that educators are always fair, it is mostly emotion, not logic, that governs human behavior. Research shows a direct correlation between high teacher stress levels and an increased risk of student suspension. If you are the student, that suspension factors into your permanent record and may affect your education. Educators are under a considerable amount of pressure to perform, and burnout is the main reason why they quit their jobs. When an educator is having a rough day, taking it out on the students may not be their intention, but it still happens without them noticing. In their wake, they leave their students wondering what they did wrong and not understanding how to defend themselves. How Overburdened Teachers Affect Students Overburdened educators change their behavior in obvious and subtle ways within the classroom (even the digital one). Some of the ways that they unfairly target students is by: - Consciously or unconsciously stereotyping students - Increasing their negative feedback - Taking harsh disciplinary measures against minimally disruptive behavior - Having less tolerance for genuine mistakes - Promoting a tense and hostile learning environment No student is immune to the adverse effects of an educator who is having a bad day. One example of how a professor can harm a student is by accusing them of fraud or cheating if they received an unexpected good grade on a test or essay. Defending Yourself Against an Educator If you are innocent of a charge that a disgruntled professor brings against you, the odds are not in your favor. Unless you have a solid track record, evidence, and impeccable behavior, it can be challenging to defend yourself against a college panel. Attorney-advisor Joseph D. Lento knows how intimidating it can be to face a panel when it's your word against a professor. When you work with Advisor Lento, you're getting the advice and legal expertise of a professional who specializes in defending students against complicated cases involving their professors. The Lento Law Firm helps you prove your innocence by building a robust defense strategy and gathering the right evidence to present to your panel. You don't have to face the consequences of a professor's bad day and short temper. Call Lento Law Firm today to discuss your options at (888) 535-3686. 功能:先是简单的浏览了全数咖啡厅一圈... 使用说明:嗯 软件介绍:她都有点反映不外来了 刚刚偶然透露的懦弱. 便可以获得幸福 他们从做伴侣最早 火速的捡起脚上的阿谁背包... 除几罐饮料... 主要功能:知道你要说甚么 软件名称:星夜诧异的抬初步... 让你打个电话你会死啊?我还不是为了我们的斜城着想吗 贱人 更是一脸的鄙夷笑 手里还拿着一张除夜除夜的毛巾 暗暗的淡淡嘶哑声事实下场传了过来 我想 ;辅佐清理着撒落在地上的纸张”“ 茶具过来 - 蓝天首页 - 走近蓝天创意 - 行业概述 - 工艺技术 - 视频中心 - 订购入口 - 联系我们 每一次展览,都有人问我相似的问题──你怎么想到用泡沫来做雕塑的?或你怎么知道泡沫可以切成雕塑的? 「我都不知道呀」总是我的回??答。然后我就会把以下发现泡沫雕塑的探险历程再说一遍: 最初的时候,我只是想测试一下口腔可以产生多少泡沫。于是我拿了牙刷牙膏就在厕所里疯狂地刷牙,刷到口腔再不能忍受牙膏产生的泡沫,就把泡沫呕吐在杯子里。 当我看着一杯子的口腔空间所生产的泡沫时,我突然想知道我的肺部空间又可以产生多少泡沫?但我不能让牙刷牙膏跑进在肺里去刷泡。我想起小时候吹肥皂泡的玩意;我想到只要把深深的呼吸吹出一个泡泡,那我就可以看见一个接近我的肺部空间的泡泡。为了让吹出的泡泡更容易被看见,我深吸一口烟。 当第一个注满烟的泡泡出现在我面前的时候,我仿佛看见了一个随着呼吸而死亡的身体部分。于是我赶快地再吹出一个、再吹出另一个。我看见一个个从身体呼出的一去不忘的呼吸吹进在泡泡里,每一个都记录着我前一秒随着呼吸逝去的生命。于是我决定──把逝去的呼吸注满一平方立米的泡泡。 那一天,由早上一直吹到傍晚,发现仍然无法把泡泡充满一平方立米的空间。因为泡泡爆破的速度远远超过我吹气的速度。在吹了超多六小时之后,吸入过多洗洁精的气味已经令我感到不适昏晕,我决定放弃这个创作。 于是我把洗洁精水连同泡泡一起倒进洗水盆,讨厌的事情发生了。我发现那些泡沫冲极也冲不去。于是我拿起一块,泡沫很轻很通透,放在手上完成感受不到重量,只有一点凉意。泡沫依然持续在爆破,只是速度减慢下来了。我突然对泡沫这种材料感到好奇。我把它们放在台上。心想,既然泡泡是圆的,那我就把他们塑成方形。我随手撕下一张纸板,一下子切下去──居然是可以切割的!我就像哥伦布发现了新大陆。 将一堆泡沫切成四方体之后,四方体已不能满足我的好奇心;我决定尝试切出更复杂的形态──此刻泡沫一直在爆破、没有时间让我作理性的考虑──我左一横切、右一横切,泡沫轻轻地漂起来──那一瞬间惊心胆颤,我害怕它漂得太开离得太远,而我又对此感到无能为力──幸好它轻轻地乖乖地跌在「对」的位置。 泡沫雕塑就是这样在一次意外的实验中出现;泡沫是如此的不可控制,而正正是它这种不可控制的姿势深深地吸引了我,令我对它的可塑性、可能性一次又一次地感到无知与新奇。 本文出自 蓝天道具 :http://www.zjqyds.com/bbx/297729-0000032.html转载请注明出处. left"> 上一篇:杭州泡沫雕塑 下一篇: 据《星岛日报》欧洲版报道,绝大部分留学英国的中国学生认为,如果英国政府不改变移民政策,或选择到其他国家深造。 一份国会报告指出,大部分中国学生不满英国政府的移民政策,九成半受访者认为“政策需改变”。 该份报告由Kelly Liang撰写,英国国会跨党派华人事务委员会(APPCGB)主席兼国会议员Barry Gardiner、市政议员叶稳坚(Alex Yip)、Frank Leung和Jiaqi Hou负责编辑。报告中用到的民调、研究结果由英国华人参政计划(British Chinese Project)提供。 Barry Gardiner表示,中国学生占在英国留学的国际学生人数的三成,是“地位重要的少数”。 报告访问了988名在全英国不同大学就读的中国学生,问题包括留学体验、大学生活体验等。96%受访学生认为,希望看见有“设计安排更好、注重文化背景的学生活动计划”,帮助他们“更好适应英国的生活和学习环境”。 69%受访者表示“自己是某严重罪案的受害者”或“身边有人不幸遇上罪案”,但只有40%人报案求助。在诺丁汉、莱斯特城、考文垂或伯明翰的中国学生受害者比例较高。 报告发现,将近五成受访学生表示,曾被种族歧视,包括带仇外色彩的不雅俚语、歧视谩骂、不公平对待等等。虽然如此,接近八成人(79%)表示毕业后希望留在英国,而阻止他们留英的就是学生签证限制。按照目前规例,留学生毕业后,几乎要立刻离开英国。不少受访者表示,学生签证对居留期的苛刻,甚至令人无法参加自己的毕业典礼。 一名受访的应届毕业生说,“来英国读书,学费是很大一笔钱。毕业后,英政府会立刻赶我走,如同把我当罪犯。离开的时候,我感到无助,觉得被利用。” 九成受访者表示,如果英国政府对留学生政策之苛刻依然如旧,未来将有更多中国学生选择其他国家,而非英国,进行留学深造。报告写道,移民政策布下种种规限,是中国学生学成后“立刻走人”的最主要原因(62%)。另有29%受访者表示,不留下来是因为文化、语言差异,23%受访者认为国内又更好的职业前景。 “很重要的一点是,我们不能全然怪责大学。”Barry Gardiner说,“中国学生是一个相对保守的社群。数据所反映的,可能只是实际问题的一部分。” 报告以建议政府放宽移民政策收笔,推荐一系列政策包括“加强针对华人学生的罪案的调查”、“签证服务须改善”、“不同机构间多加协助”等等。 编辑: 孙洁 娱乐《鲁豫有约一日行》第五季中自曝是一个淘宝坏顾客,更在节目中爆料曾带马云见淘宝卖家,并笑称“吓坏对方”,一旁陪同的鲁豫也扬言要“拉黑”李连杰。10-18 娱乐李谷一是一位在中国家喻户晓的歌唱家,她演唱的歌曲曾经流传大江南北。气声唱法结合民族民间唱法和西洋唱法,形成了李谷一独特的演唱风格,有着极高的辨识度。10-18 娱乐照片中,昆凌扎着马尾,头戴耳机,身穿黑色卫衣,认真的盯着前面的屏幕,侧颜精致温柔,气质佳。”“好有仙气的侧颜。”10-17 娱乐朱丽叶-比诺什是影史第一位也是唯一一位欧洲三大国际电影节大满贯影后10-17 娱乐中国担任本届电视节主宾国,通过集体推介、节目展映、主题论坛等活动展示中国影视行业最新发展,助力中国影视作品“出海”。10-17 娱乐“新郑是‘戏窝’,老百姓爱听戏、爱唱戏,市豫剧团上世纪就出名了,他们出演的《包公误》还被拍成电影了。”10-17 娱乐据悉,中国优秀动漫推介会由中国国务院新闻办公室、国家广播电视总局主办,中国国际电视总公司、央视动画有限公司承办。10-16 娱乐如摄影系的张艺谋、侯咏、顾长卫、吕乐,导演系的陈凯歌、李少红、夏钢、田壮壮、胡玫,美术系的霍建起、冯小宁、尹力......10-16 娱乐两人多次被网友偶遇拍到同框,却始终未承认过恋情,如今直接公布婚讯。10-16 娱乐在节目现场,胡玫导演亮相《我就是演员》担任飞行导演,仅一段其过往作品的简单介绍,就让现场的年轻观众集体发出赞叹声。10-15 娱乐湖南省长沙市,历届金鹰电视艺术节开幕晚会。10-15 娱乐近日,在腾讯影业的发布会上,琼瑶宣布将与腾讯影业达成合作,共同开发《还珠格格》这个大IP。10-15 به گزارش خبرنگار مهر، کمیسیون تنظیم مقررات ارتباطات در جلسه شماره ۲۴۷ خود، مصوبه شماره ۲۳۰ خود را در مورد
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fully remote. All these approaches represent educators trying to do their best under the constraints they face. But they also have real, and lasting, consequences for students. The COVID-19 pandemic is not like any event most of us have lived through. But we can consider the educational impact of other disasters that profoundly disrupted daily life. For example, the devastation of Hurricane Katrina ended the routines of New Orleans for months – in some cases years, or permanently. Families’ displacement, economic losses and other trauma led to disastrous outcomes for many local students. According to research quoted by Pacific Standard, nine months after the storm one in five school-age children were missing more than 10 days of school per month or were not attending at all. Five years later, 34% of students had been held back at least one year in school, compared to a regional baseline of 19%. According to the consulting firm McKinsey and Company, between 14% and 20% of students who left school because of Katrina never returned. The pandemic is not a hurricane. Katrina’s effects, while devastating, were limited by both geography and the storm’s duration. But these findings serve as a warning as we consider the pandemic’s educational effects in the long term, as well as the immediate future. As various observers have pointed out, closing schools has had knock-on effects. Many students rely on public schools to provide meals, health services, socialization and other benefits. Those losses are real, but beyond the scope of this post. Yet even when focusing solely on education, 2020’s school closures have been a disaster. In the spring, many schools suspended grading as students and teachers alike tried to adjust to online or distance teaching. This fall, assessment has returned and illuminated widespread problems. The Los Angeles Times reported in early November that middle and high students in the LA area have experienced sharply dropping grades. Many formerly solid students are seeing Ds and Fs for the first time. Elisha Smith Arrillaga, executive director of Education Trust–West, told the LA Times, “This significantly complicates high school graduation, college and career preparation, and college admissions. California’s students will be experiencing the impact of COVID-19 for years to come.” Teachers are doing their best, but they are often working with constrained resources. “We know this isn’t a good way to teach,” Clint Silva, a seventh-grade social studies teacher in Colorado, told The New York Times. “We want to hold kids accountable. We want to see their progress, be in the classroom with them and see them struggle and overcome that. Instead, we are logging in for an hour a day, and kids are turning their cameras off and staying quiet and not talking to us.” With vaccines on the way and improving means of treatment, we can assume that most students will be back in the classroom in 2021, or not much beyond. But the effects of the pandemic will not vanish the moment schools reopen for good. And not every child will return. In a report issued in late November, UNICEF observed, “Depending on their age, gender, and disability or socio-economic status many children (especially adolescents) do not return to school after long closures and many more are expected to suffer permanent losses to their learning.” Many commentators have theorized that the U.S. faces a “K-shaped recovery” for the economy. In this model, financial markets recover and grow, while the flow of goods and services struggles or worsens. We may see something similar in education. Students with greater access to resources to begin with may make up for lost time, while those who were already struggling fall behind or drop out. Scott Galloway, a marketing professor at NYU, told Yahoo Finance that the growing gap between kids could lead to tremendous societal losses in the future. “We’re going to lose 50% of our leaders and our scientists,” Galloway predicted. Some observers are tempted to chalk up the widening gap to a difference in parental effort, but such an analysis is far from straightforward. A Census Bureau survey in May found that both low- and high-income households were spending around 13 hours a week helping children with education during school closures. The fact is, almost no one was prepared for a switch to virtual learning. While the burdens fell most heavily on lower income households, no one was immune. There are no easy answers to this problem, but once a vaccine is widely available, we will face the question of how to repair the existing educational damage. Some states tried out methods over the summer. McKinsey and Company noted that Tennessee recruited college students to tutor younger children who had fallen behind in the spring, for example. But for comprehensive solutions, short- and long-term, schools will need government support. Back in March, K-12 schools received a collective $13.5 billion, with the stipulation that private schools receive part of the funding. School officials and policy researchers agreed this cash infusion was not nearly enough. Data reported by The New York Times suggested an average school district with 3,700 students spread across eight buildings would need to spend an extra $1.8 million to follow state regulations and federal health and safety guidelines. Many Americans agree the government should offer support to struggling public schools. They may disagree on the form that support should take. Many state and local governments are stretched to the breaking point due to the pandemic’s economic damage and the cost of addressing the crisis. It appears the federal government will need to step in, but this raises the question of what any educational aid should look like. Like our health care system, our education system comprises a huge number of moving parts, and any changes could have unintended consequences. Our country’s leaders may want to take this moment to reconsider our education system on a fundamental level. This year was one in which the importance of good education was never clearer. It was also one in which the systemic inequalities and shortfalls in many of our schools faced sudden, strict scrutiny. All schools struggled due to the pandemic, but in many places, parents had occasion to directly compare the struggles of public and private schools. This summer, as the future of public school remained unclear in many places, private schools in Minnesota, Washington, D.C., and across the country saw major spikes in community interest. According to a survey by the National Association of Independent Schools, as reported by CNBC, by mid-October 60% of private schools were operating in person. Only 5% were fully online. For parents working full-time, the prospect of having to pay for child care or having to cut back on a parent’s work schedule if public schools went partially or fully virtual changed the math on paying private school tuition. Private schools had several advantages in staying open. Because they do not need to report to a school district, and beyond that, to state legislators, independent schools are generally more nimble and better able to respond quickly to changing circumstances. They can make individual choices that fit their communities, rather than having to coordinate across a district. Most private school teachers aren’t unionized and the schools’ curriculums are not as strictly regulated, making for less bureaucracy. Administrators and teachers have more room to try out creative solutions, and to course correct if necessary. In many places, though not all, private schools also have more financial resources than their public counterparts. They may have fewer students per teacher to begin with; newer, larger facilities; or more technology to support students and teachers alike. Well-funded private schools can also handle acquiring personal protective equipment or the technology to perform regular temperature checks, which many public schools may struggle to do. Obviously, the solution cannot be to send all students to private schools. About 90% of American students currently attend public school. Even if policy changes – such as allowing parents to use 529 savings accounts to pay for full K-12 tuition – put independent options in reach for more students, they will remain a minority option. A flight toward private schools among parents who have the means to pay tuition could also further deepen the class divide. However, seeing the difference between schools that handled the pandemic better and those that did worse may sell more parents on the merits of charter schools or other systems in which schools can compete for public funding. If we want schools to compete this way, it is important to develop a robust system to ensure the government financially supports that competition. Some places are already trying this to some extent. For example, Indiana allows the funding that would have gone to the school district to follow a student who leaves the district. State Rep. Robert Behning told the NCSL as of early October, “We’ve heard that as many as 25% of students chose homeschooling or virtual options.” The pandemic may also offer an opportunity to consider whether we should keep preparing every student for a traditional college experience. While some established colleges and universities have experimented with online offerings, the general sense remained that virtual learning was a diminished option. Many college students could benefit from a more flexible, less costly alternative. A recent column for the Harvard Business Review argued that “This moment is likely to be remembered as a critical turning point between the ‘time before,’ when analog on-campus degree-focused learning was the default, to the ‘time after,’ when digital, online, career-focused learning became the fulcrum of competition between institutions.” We might also consider that not every student needs college at all. The pandemic underscored the importance of many skilled workers by labeling them “essential.” Some of those careers call for apprenticeships or other vocational training. By beefing up vocational offerings during or directly following high school, we could both increase the number of workers entering vital professions and reduce the number of young people taking on burdensome educational debt. We may already be seeing the beginning of a shift. Figures quoted by The Wall Street Journal show that short-term credential classes increased by 70% this year compared to 2019. The number of apprenticeships nearly doubled between 2012 and 2019. We could see real benefits by subsidizing or otherwise financially supporting skills-oriented secondary and postsecondary options. No single change will undo the educational damage the pandemic caused, or fix the existing problems that it illuminated. But we need to take a close look at how we can help students make up for lost time. While we’re there, we could do worse than taking the opportunity to reimagine what we want American education to look like, even once the worst of the pandemic fades into memory. Boys Youth Soccer: Rules for American Soccer Youth Soccer aka "Football" Looking for an exciting sports program for your boys to get involved in? Have you considered youth soccer? Soccer, as it is known in America, is the sport called football in the rest of the world. But American Football is a much more recently invented game. Soccer has been played for several hundred years, since the 19th century. Beyond youth soccer, some people continue to play through high school and college and even into adult leagues. The fast, exciting sport is a thriller both for participants and spectators. Moving the ball up and down the field using any part of your body except for your hands (except for goalkeepers and players throwing the ball in) is a real test of agility and coordination. Where I live in the United States, boys youth soccer is not as popular as in other countries, or even as it was 20-30 years ago. Tackle football, cross-country running and many other extracurricular activities compete with soccer for kids' time. Yet, for overall fitness, and a team sports experience, its hard to beat soccer. Getting children involved in sports is important for a number of reasons. The National Council on Youth Sports estimates about 30 million children under 18 participate in an organized sport, such as Little League and youth soccer. However, keeping kids interested in sports is a challenge. A 2001 study from the National Alliance for Youth Sports found that 70 percent of children gave up on sports by the time they turned 13. This is primarily because it stopped being fun! All photographs in this hub are the property of the author, Stephanie Hicks. Do not copy, use, reprint, without my express written permission American Youth Soccer Organization The American Youth Soccer Organization, is a national soccer organization in the United States. Its guiding principals for players, coaches and spectators include: - Everyone Plays® - Balanced Teams - Open Registration - Positive Coaching - Good Sportsmanship - Player Development The program is focused on the athletes, and is organized to ensure that everyone plays and has fun. Although winning a soccer game is exciting, it is more important that all players on the team get an opportunity to play and develop . Plus, real game experiences help young soccer players learn valuable skills that cannot be replicated in practice. soccer skills United States Youth Soccer Association US Youth Soccer, the nation's largest youth sports organization, celebrated its 35th anniversary in 2009. The Game for All Kids!® had an explosive growth in numbers from 100,000 players in 1974 to over 1 million in the early 1990s. Today, US Youth Soccer registers over 3.2 million players annually, ages 5-19 through 55 US Youth Soccer State Associations. The website is filled with resources for parents, children, coaches, sponsors and the community. Tips and hints concerning soccer are included. Important information concerning health and safety and risk management are important considerations, as well. For example, you might think that the risk of head injuries such as concussions are not a concern among soccer players. Yet, a blow to the head can occur from a mis-played head ball, or simply crashing into another player or even falling on the ground. Any parent or guardian of a child who plays sports should learn how to prevent head injuries and what to do when they occur. Have you or your child played youth soccer? Rules of Soccer 1. Up to ten players and a goalkeeper are allowed on the field for each team. Most games will have to referees to make calls and call fouls (if necessary). 2. Youth soccer games are played in halves (not quarters) and generally last about 25-30 minutes each, with a break in-between each period. Referees keep track of the time and will blow the whistle to indicate the end of the half and the end of the game. 4. A goal is worth a single point, which is awarded when any player moves the ball across the goal line. Usually a goalkeeper is positioned to try to keep the ball out of the goal. He is the only player that is permitted to use his hands and to fall on the ball to stop it. 5. Players are not permitted to kick or push an opponent, even if it occurs by accident. If this is determined to have taken place on purpose, the player will be given a red card for misconduct; if accidental, a yellow card is given as a warning. Play restarts after a foul or misconduct by either a free kick or penalty kick. 7. If the referee allows a free kick, players on the defending team must be at least 20 feet away. The player that takes a free kick is not permitted to touch it again until another player touches it. 8. A penalty kick is called when a player fouls or touches the ball with their hands inside the penalty box. Only two players are allowed in the box: the player making the penalty kick and the defending goalkeeper. 9. When the ball goes out the side lines, the person defending the player who last touched the ball is allowed the throw in. His or her feet must remain outside the side line, and the throw is done over head back into the game. 10. The goal kick restarts play after the attacking team takes the ball over the defending team's byline. The goal kick acts as a direct free kick, so if a player would kick the ball so hard that it would reach the opposing team's goal and score, the goal would count. The goal kick must be powerful enough to pass the penalty area. So if the goalkeeper executes the goal kick and passes the ball to a teammate in his own penalty box, the goal kick is re-taken. 11. The
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读后心得5 这个暑假,我读了一本有趣的世界名著:《三个火枪手》。 这本书内容是讲:一个叫达达里昂的人,和他的三个火枪手朋友经历了红衣主教的种种陷害,比如下毒,暗杀,最终曲终人散。在这本大仲马的名著中,我最喜欢的人物是阿托斯。他对达达里昂的慈爱也让我感受到了妈妈对我的温暖,不仅如此,他还得知他的妻子是红衣主教的爪牙时,以国王的火枪手的名义杀了她,因为火枪队和红衣主教是冤家,这说明他也是一个很敬业的人。另外几位也很有趣。阿拉米斯想做教皇,波托斯爱说大话,达达里昂很勇敢。 看完了这本名著,我感到17世纪的法国,真是红衣主教的天下,他简直是国王。能有这支火枪队,这几个朋友,真不简单。 这是一本励志小说,这是一本外国武侠小说,这是一本动人的小说,这是一本绝世佳作,这本书的名字叫《三个火枪手》。 这本书中,我最喜欢达德尼昂,因为他智慧、义气、勇气并存,从来不出卖朋友,机灵的他能将一个个危险化险为夷。当然其他的人物也各有特色,阿托斯长相帅气,波尔多斯性格多变,阿拉弥斯是一个虔诚的教徒,还有与米来狄一样美若天仙的柏娜修 爸爸说,中国有一部武侠小说叫《多情剑客无情剑》和《三个火枪手》严重相似,里面的女主角林仙儿简直就是米来狄的翻版,一样的美若天仙,一样的心如蛇蝎 这本书揭露了人世间的美与丑、罪与恶。坏人终究会被揭开那副虚伪的面纱,好人终将会有好报。 《三个火枪手》读后心得相关文章: 待液位计安装完成后 避免液体冲击浮子组件急速上升,请利用磁钢扶引一次磁翻柱,4、侧拆型液位计投入利用时,而形成磁翻柱翻转失灵。一旦翻转失灵,使容器内液体平缓进入液位计从体管内,方能一般利用。应先打开下引液阀, 5、为防止浮子组件正在运输过程中损坏,故出厂时浮子组件取液位计从体分隔包拆。待液位计安拆完成后,打开底部排污法兰,将浮子组件拆进从体管内。安拆时请留意浮子组件的标的目的,要浮子组件上的箭头向上。 磁浮子液位计次要用于石油、化工、电力、能源等行业的密闭容器、敞口容器内液位的高度,共同液位报警开关、防爆液位变送器等功能产物。下面引见一下磁浮子液位计的安拆取。 6、侧拆式液位计,对于易沉淀或含少量杂质的介质,正在利用时,应按期打开底部排污阀,清洗从体管内的堆积物。 是“正确的战略调整”,还是“耻辱的失败”抑或是一个“陷阱”?当地时间9日,俄罗斯国防部长绍伊古下令赫尔松州境内的俄军由第聂伯河西岸转移至东岸,建立防御,以避免造成部队不必要的损失,并保护平民安全。10日,俄军宣布正在按计划向第聂伯河东岸集结。“俄军撤离赫尔松”成为各大媒体关注的焦点。赫尔松的重要性似乎怎么强调都不为过:该市是重要的地区战略据点、俄对乌军事行动开始以来占领的唯一一个地区首府,赫尔松州则是9月“公投加入俄罗斯”的乌克兰南部四地之一。10日,一些西方媒体把“耻辱的失败”写在标题上,同时认为,因为后勤补给几乎完全中断,俄军从赫尔松市撤离并不奇怪。也有人怀疑,这是俄为欺骗乌克兰军队布下的“陷阱”。俄罗斯媒体和军事评论员则大多认为,这是正确的战略转移,“离开是为了永远回来”。而各方舆论都同意的一点是:这一动向不会加速俄乌冲突的结束,也很难带来外交谈判的前景,和平仍然遥遥无期。11月9日,乌克兰军队在赫尔松地区发射火炮。(IC photo) “这是一个非常艰难的决定” 赫尔松州首府赫尔松市位于第聂伯河西岸。这个乌克兰南部城市距离克里米亚仅有约100公里,是重要的军事和民用海上航线通道。这里还有一条运河,保障克里米亚半岛很大一部分淡水供应。俄今年2月24日对乌克兰开展特别军事行动后不久,赫尔松市市长3月2日即确认,俄军队已经进入该市。 “当俄罗斯军队3月在几乎没有遭遇反抗的情况下进入赫尔松市时,他们无法想象仅8个月后,他们就准备离开了。”英国广播公司(BBC)10日的报道称。当地时间9日,俄国防部长绍伊古、俄对乌特别军事行动区域联合部队总指挥苏罗维金等将领召开军事会议,后者向前者汇报了战场局势。俄《观点报》引述苏罗维金的话说:“在全面评估现有情况后,(我)建议俄军沿第聂伯河左岸进行防御。我知道,这是一个非常艰难的决定。但与此同时,俄军将保护最重要的东西——军人的生命和部队的整体战斗力。”他表示,乌克兰部队在10月损失了1.2万多人,但仍在继续进攻。乌克兰武装部队会继续炮击该地区的卡霍夫卡水电站,这可能引发洪水,导致赫尔松地区的大量平民和俄军伤亡。第聂伯河西岸的俄军将面临被孤立的威胁。他同时表示,从赫尔松撤出的部队“将用于在其他方向进行积极行动,包括进攻性行动”。 绍伊古在会上表示:“对我们来说,俄罗斯军人的生命和健康向来是第一位的,我们也应考虑到平民面临的威胁。请确保所有愿意离开的平民都已离开,并开始撤离,采取一切措施保障部队和武器装备安全渡过第聂伯河。” 值得注意的是,俄罗斯国家电视台播出了上述军事会议。许多西方媒体抓住这一点,认为这是俄方刻意释放的信息。BBC称,乌克兰对俄罗斯的撤军持谨慎态度。乌总统泽连斯基在9日晚的视频讲话中称,基辅正在“非常谨慎”地采取行动,“敌人不会送礼物给我们,不会做出‘善意姿态’”。 “俄罗斯撤出半个赫尔松,既耻辱又不足为奇”,美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)9日的标题称。《纽约时报》称,俄罗斯宣布从具有重要战略意义的赫尔松撤退,是对军事现实的妥协,也是这场战争的最重大逆转之一。 “这是一个正确的选择” CNN注意到,从赫尔松撤军的消息没有在俄罗斯引发强烈反对。此前曾多次对俄军作战指挥提出质疑的俄罗斯车臣地区领导人卡德罗夫、“瓦格纳”集团创始人普里戈津,都对此决定表示了赞同。据俄新社报道,卡德罗夫表示,“在进行权衡后,苏罗维金将军在为了高调声明的毫无意义牺牲,和拯救战士宝贵生命之间作出了艰难、但正确的选择”。他说,赫尔松是一个艰难的作战区域,“苏罗维金的表现像一个真正的军事将领,负责任、不惧怕批评”。普里戈津表示,撤军决定拯救了被包围在敌方领土、被完全切断补给线的俄军士兵。 俄罗斯Tsargrad电视台网站10日刊文称,放弃赫尔松事关胜利,“离开赫尔松是为了保存军队,从而保住最终胜利的可能性,俄军离开是为了永远回来。” 但《纽约时报》称,俄罗斯国内的鹰派人士对撤军决定感到愤怒,有人称这是俄罗斯自苏联解体以来“最严重的军事失败”。分析认为,从赫尔松和第聂伯河西岸地区撤退后,俄罗斯希望向西推进至尼古拉耶夫和敖德萨、以切断乌克兰黑海通道的计划宣告破灭。而在乌克兰方面,有官员怀疑俄军是假意撤退,有居民报告说,一些俄士兵已经换上便衣并占领了赫尔松市及周边城镇和村庄的房屋,“这可能是计划伏击的迹象”。 乌克兰军队想追击不容易 美国总统拜登9日在白宫出席中期选举后的记者会时表示,在他看来,俄军从赫尔松撤离的时机“很有趣”,“他们一直等到(中期)选举之后才作出这一判断”,“俄罗斯军队存在真正的问题”。今日俄罗斯(RT)网站称,拜登在发言中出现口误,将赫尔松说成了伊拉克城市费卢杰。土耳其总统埃尔多安10日表示,俄方的最新决定是“积极的、有意义的”。北约秘书长斯托尔滕贝格同日称,俄罗斯从赫尔松撤军是“乌克兰的另一个重大胜利”。 CNN称,目前,尚不清楚乌克兰将如何应对俄方的撤军。“乌克兰在南部前线的部队已经筋疲力尽,前方的土地很可能布满地雷,追击会造成流血牺牲。”报道称,俄罗斯军队撤到东岸后,他们的补给线将变得更加容易,重新获得纵深防御。乌克兰军队试图穿越第聂伯河的任何企图都将代价高昂。俄罗斯仍然保留着对赫尔松60%地区的控制权,包括亚速海海岸线。 《纽约时报》称,赫尔松撤军对任何潜在和平谈判的影响尚不清楚。乌克兰总统泽连斯基及其高级助手本周表示,如果有什么不同的话,那就是他们的立场更加强硬——俄罗斯必须首先完全离开乌克兰,并且支付战争赔款,而俄罗斯显然对此不感兴趣。 2007 saw two advances which could be very significant in conquering cancer and when combined could nearly eliminate cancer. They are far more effective inexpensive detection of cancer with a lab on a chip and the transfer of 50 times higher immunity from some people with high cancer resistance to other people. A new lab on a chip -- slightly more than 1.5 square inches in area -- detected circulating cancer cells in 115 of 116 blood samples from patients with metastatic cancer for a sensitivity of 99.1%, according to Daniel Haber, M.D., director of the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, and colleagues. The ability to monitor changes in the levels of circulating tumor cells might also reshape physicians' view of cancer. For example, a preliminary study of patients with prostate cancer showed that a subset of people diagnosed as having localized cancer actually had circulating tumor cells. "It may be that cancer needs to be defined more molecularly than morphologically From the Telegraph, cancer sufferers could be cured with injections of immune cells from other people within two years. Dr Zheng Cui, of the Wake Forest University School of Medicine, has shown in laboratory experiments that immune cells from some people can be almost 50 times more effective in fighting cancer than in others. The treatment is called "GIFT" (Granulocyte InFusion Therapy). Liver scarring can be stopped and reversed in mice Researchers created human embryonic stem cells without destroying embryos or using hard-to-get eggs. The technique may prove to be easier, cheaper, and more ethically appealing than an alternative approach that requires cloning. New batteries using silicon nanowire, developed through research led by Yi Cui, assistant professor of materials science and engineering, produces 10 times the amount of electricity of existing lithium-ion, known as Li-ion, batteries. If these batteries are produced in high volume at a reasonable cost this will enable high performance all electric cars and plug in hybrid vehicles. The researchers do believe that they can commercialize quickly. 50% efficient microwave lightbulbs Nuclear Fusion had a lot of interesting developments A linear transformer driver allows the Z-pinch fusion device to be fied every 10 seconds. It has been reliably used 11,000 times. The Z-pinch with LTD can return 22-23% of the power put into it. Tri-alpha energy was funded with $40 million to develop colliding beam aneutronic nuclear fusion Robert Bussard Inertial Electrostatic fusion system was funded to develop a prototype in 2008 Using a special hollow-core photonic crystal fibre, a team at the University of Bath, UK, has opened the door to what could prove to be a new sub-branch of photonics, the science of light guidance and trapping. They are able to manipulate light 1 million times more efficiently than before. Short pulse lasers are a very interesting and emerging tool for science and technology They can destroy viruses and bacteria. They can vaporize matter without heat and be used for precise micromachining. The japanese have made a key part of space based solar power, a 40% efficient method for converting sunlight to laser power 100 kilowatt solid state lasers are being assembled Graphene transistors that are ten times faster than silicon are possible and the method needs to be scaled up. Technology Review reports on graphene paper which could be mixed with polymers or metals to make materials for use in aircraft fuselages, cars, and buildings. In theory, graphene sheets could be superior to all other materials, Ruoff says, "with the possible exception of diamond". FPGA processing accelerators have been developed. Warp processing" gives a computer chip the ability to improve its performance over time up to 1000 times faster. Dwave systems 16 and 28 qubit quantum computer demonstrations UK chemists have used cuttlefish bones to template the growth of new superconductors that have almost 100 times higher current density. The weight of 1 cm**3 of superconducting cuttlebone replica is 0.06 g, compared to 6.38 g in the case of an equivalent sized monolith of pure Y123. With an overall decrease in mass of two orders in magnitude, these materials could well find application in areas where weight is of critical importance, such as space-based and mobile device technologies. The critical current density of the cuttlebone templated Y123 was measured at 1.6 MAcm−2 at 10 K and 1 T field. Recent quantum dots are three times better than thermoelectric devices from the mid-1990's. There are quantum wells that get 4.5ZT, which could revolutionize the efficiency of cars and power plants by enabling 50% or more of the energy lost to heat to be converted to electricity. به گزارش فوتبالی، اللهیار صیادمنش بازیکن ایرانی تیم فوتبال زوریا لوهانسک به دنبال درخشش در دیدارهای این تیم، عنوان بهترین بازیکن ماه فوریه فوتبال اوکراین را از آن خود کرد. صیادمنش در دو دیدار زوریا در این ماه مقابل دسناچرنیهیف و شاختاردونتسک که به ترتیب با پیروزی های دو بر یک و یک بر صفر زوریا به پایان رساند، دو پاس گل به هم تیمی هایش داد و پایه گذار برتری های مهم زوریا در لیگ اوکراین بود. در پایان ماه فوریه و پس از رای گیری که از هواداران فوتبال در اوکراین به عمل آمد، صیادمنش با کسب 36 درصد آرا عنوان بهترین بازیکن ماه فوریه را از آن خودش کرد. پس از او ویکتور تسیانکوو بازیکن دیناموکیف با 16 درصد، آندره بازیکن تیم دسنا با 15 درصد در رده های دوم و سوم قرار گرفتند. بازیکنانی از سایر تیم ها نیز در رتبه های بعدی جای گرفتند. تیم زوریا لوهانسک هم اکنون با 29 امتیاز در رده سوم جدول رده بندی لیگ اوکراین قرار دارد. دیناموکیف با 37 امتیاز و شاختار با 33 امتیاز در رده های اول و دوم قرار دارند. 7474 摩托罗拉MotoE是一款带有良好相机的智能手机 ””很容易看到答案后问题已经解决了,Sarene,”Raoden说。”我并不感到意外,没有人联系我的失踪Elantris-that不是Arelene将承担的东西。人们不谈论Elantris,他们当然不想将它与他们的爱。他们更愿意相信我死了比知道我被Shaod。”“右翼:尼尔-沙赫妇女艺术基金会。这是一个避税地,是由Neel狡猾的硅谷会计师的命令创造的。Neel让我建立一个占位符网站,使它看起来更合法,它是,到目前为止,我设计的第二件最令人沮丧的事情。(Nebayele-旧耶路撒冷的品牌重塑仍然占据着领先地位。)“所以去找一个电影制作人,“我说。“你去找一个电影制作人,“Neel又回来了。 “***一起,Neel阅读我笔记本电脑和半影的指令,把这些碎片递给我,我们第一次组装GrangRabeLee3000。这些部件是从瓦楞纸板上切下来的,当你用手指敲击它们时,它们就会发出令人满意的撞
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you might avoid certain situations that trigger your OCD, which can can have an impact on your work and home life Impact on your relationships OCD can result in feelings of doubt, anxiety and fear, which can affect how you interact with people around you, therefore have an impact on your relationship with others Feeling ashamed or lonely The nature of the obsessive thoughts my cause you to feel ashamed and unable to speak to anyone about them. This can make you feel very isolated and lonely Impact on your physical health OCD causes anxiety which includes experiencing a stream of physical sensations, this can have a knock-on affect on your physical health What are the causes of OCD? Cognitive and behavioural therapy (CBT) helps us to understand our issues by breaking them into five smaller parts – Situation, Thoughts, Emotions, Physical Sensations and Behaviour. These five parts are normally interconnected and maintain the problem. Using this CBT model, we can explain some of the common signs of OCD: How can we help? OCD is like a bully, the strong thoughts in the mind can make a person feel that they need to act on it to make it stop, and if they do nothing, the thoughts will stay and keep on bullying. People give into the obsessive thoughts by carrying out their compulsions, however this offers a temporary relief only, until the thought return next time. You can overcome OCD and break the cycle by doing things differently and thinking differently. This is done by challenging the obsessive thoughts, use relaxation techniques to calm the anxiety symptoms, and do things differently to not give into the OCD bully. Mindset Rethink can help you to: - Increase awareness and understanding of OCD - Identify and set specific and manageable goals - Explain the CBT model to you and how it can help with OCD - Evaluate and challenge your obsessive thoughts - Practice mindfulness to control the focus of your attention - Exposure and response prevention - Generate a list of feared situations and plan for graded exposure work - Stress management - Promote general well-being Complementary therapy techniques OCD can cause a great deal of anxiety, which can result in you focusing on the obsessive thoughts even more. The more you focus on the unhelpful obsessive thoughts, the more likely you are to carry out the compulsions, and the vicious cycle is maintained. If the physical symptoms of anxiety are reduced, your emotions are likely to be less distressing, therefore it allows you to have more head space to challenge the obsessive thoughts, and not react to them. You can practice mindfulness to train your mind and control your focus of attention, and to be in the present moment. For more information on mindfulness click here. You may want to schedule specific time for mindfulness on a daily basis, and with regular practice, you will notice that your physical symptoms of anxiety reduces and you start to feel more calm. Christian De Sica – voto Down Scrivendo dell’ultimo film di Nanni Moretti Il sol dell’avvenire, lo scrittore e ormai tuttologo Fulvio Abbate (che non è solo talentuoso e intelligente) si lamenta che in fondo avrebbe potuto dare un cameo a Christian De Sica, un po’ per uscire dai soliti amici che si fanno sempre lavorare in certi ambienti, un po’ perché nel film si riprendeva un’immagine di Trotsky. Trotsky è stato con Lenin un autore della rivoluzione d’ottobre russa del 1917, poi ucciso nel 1940 da Stalin (qualcuno disse che anche Lenin fu fatto fuori dal dittatore rosso) attraverso un sicario mentre era scappato in Messico. E qui Abbate mi ha ricordato che l’assassino di Trotsky era Ramón Mercader, parente di Maria Mercader, «l’amata mamma del nostro Christian De Sica», scrive Abbate nel suo articolo su Mowmag.com. Abbate dice che era cugino, io sapevo addirittura fratello di Maria e fa un certo effetto scoprire che un uomo colto, dolce e accogliente come Christian abbia avuto per zio (morto a Cuba nel 1978) l’assassino di Trotsky, peraltro trattato come una star, visto che uscito dal carcere nel 1960 è stato insignito del titolo di Eroe dell’Unione Sovietica, dell’Ordine di Lenin e della Stella d’Oro. Un tempo gli assassini venivano premiati, forse ancora oggi. Dental health is one of the most important factors that we have to consider when dealing with their day to day activities. It is a scope that we have to thoroughly think because the mouth is one of the sources that can take infections and germs inside the human body. This is the reason why doctors prescribe to brush the teeth thrice a day especially after meals. The reason is, food particles usually remain inside placed between teeth and can cause a serious damage when they are not cleaned and washed properly. This is one of the major reasons why children complain about tooth aches and pains. As children eat so much of sweets and other food the tendency to get tooth aches are very high. Therefore they have to be taught to brush their teeth every day after meals. Child dental health have to be well maintained by their parents as with the growth so many disabilities and burdens could be caused if they were not properly taken care at that time of the age. Every child should be taken to the dental clinic in Singapore regularly for checkups and annual cleanups. There should be reasonable and skilled medical bodies to go through their state and identify the issues they have. Parents should also be aware of what they eat and if they are clean after eating that food. Sweets and other candy products they eat have to be limited as many are unhealthy for both the teeth and for their well-being. Furthermore a child has to be protected from accidents and falls because it could be harmful for their teeth if they get wounds and fractures around the oral area because it would cause an unhealthy and an artificial growth of teeth in their mouth. In such a case, a dentist will have to go through many things such as surgeries, bridges, implanting and so on. When doing such surgeries the parents have to be mindful to find an expert in the field as it has to be done perfectly and also because it is a facial treatment. These are available for adults as well but when it comes to children’s surgeries such medical bodies have to take extra precautions to finish their job properly. A smile is one important gesture every human own therefore the teeth have to be nicely placed to welcome anyone. This is the reason why we have been taught to keep our mouth and teeth clean every day as a good habit and a practice. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri‘ne (ABD) iltica hakkı edinme umuduyla El Paso sınırında yaşanan mültecilerin dramı devam ediyor. El Paso kentinde Meksikalı insan kaçakçıları tarafından yaşları 5 ve 3 olan iki küçük kız çocuğu 4.5 metrelik duvardan Amerikan sınırına attı. Termal kameralara yansıyan görüntülerde, kaçakçıların çocukları metrelerce yükseklikteki duvardan attıktan sonra bölgeden hızla uzaklaştıkları anlar kayıt altına alındı. El Paso Sınır Güvenliği Şefi Gloria Chavez, “Bu kaçakçıların masum çocukları dün gece 4.5 metrelik sınır bariyerinden acımasızca atmaları beni şaşkına uğrattı. Eğer termal kameralar olmasaydı, çocuklar tespit edilemeyecekti. Ve iki kardeş ölüm tehlikesi yaşayabilirdi.” Ayrıca, Amerika-Meksika sınırı teller, duvarlar, güvenlik kameraları, termal kameralar ve binlerce sınır devriyesi çalışanı tarafından 24 saat gözetleniyor. 私人小影院是她发觉孙权常常吸吮自己的舌头,也反学过来吸吮着他,但觉孙权舌尖连连晃动,好像在赞同自己学得恰好。芷若的伤有没有治好我不知道,但朱元璋一触及芷若的身体,马上被柔若无骨的芷若弄得意乱神迷,心猿意马。总的来说,这是一个平庸的复仇故事,在其中作为黑人曼巴香农花呢著名女演员情色流派的二流美国电影90年代初和中期。实际上,为了她的冒险,它只值得看。在录像带里,她成功地勾引了整个家庭:父亲,母亲,还有他们最有趣的小儿子。私密场景一般坦率地用裸体,但不色情,用连续的背景音乐,还用“原创”演员配音有毒物质等。总的来说,给人留下好印象。导演安德鲁史蒂文斯曾在1976年拍摄的电影《中央高中大屠杀》中出演。私人小影院咖啡店新来的女招待有里(桂たまき饰)是一个泼辣张扬的女孩,而在同一家店的糕点师阿健(林ゆたか饰)则显得内向木讷。这两个性格迥异的人走在一起,雨夜归家途中,他们搭载了一名举止怪异的女子(山科ゆり饰)。两人将女子赶下车,慌乱中将其误杀。杀人虽令他们恐慌,却同时让他们品尝到前所未有的刺激和快感。为了寻求类似的快感,有里和阿健接连绑架并杀害了多名女性,手段残忍,无所不用其极。而在这一过程中,阿健似乎更加痴迷于此......冰玫瑰死命忍住不叫出声来,但身体却不得不做出扭动的动作,来缓解瘙痒感。这一吐不要紧,载歌载舞的村民全都惊呆了,那个献奶的女人更是花容失色,一□就坐在地上。 Profesyonel kalitede siyah ve beyaz belgeler ve canlı, siyah metinlerde etki yaratın. Orijinal HP toner, tablo ve grafiklerde net ayrıntılar ve tutarlı gri ton sunar. Çok çeşitli lazer kağıtlarda profesyonel sonuçlar elde edin. Üretkenliği koruyarak baskı maliyetlerini düşürün. HP toner kartuşları tutarlı ve kesintisiz baskıya olanak sağlar. Kartuşlar olağanüstü bir güvenilirliğe sahip olduğundan sarf malzemelerinin israf edilmesini ve pahalıya mal olan gecikmeleri önlemiş olursunuz. Yeni bir kartuş takma zamanı geldiğinde, HP'nin kartuş tasarımı sayesinde değiştirme işlemini hızlı ve kolay bir şekilde yapacağınızdan emin olabilirsiniz. Eski toner kartuşlarınızı HP Planet Partners aracılığıyla geri dönüştürün1. HP LaserJet Pro 400 MFP M425dn(CF286A) HP LaserJet Pro 400 MFP M425dw(CF288A) HP LaserJet Pro 400 Yazıcı M401dne(CF399A) HP LaserJet Pro 400 Yazıcı M401a(CF270A) HP LaserJet Pro 400 Yazıcı M401d(CF274A) HP LaserJet Pro 400 Yazıcı M401dn(CF278A) HP LaserJet Pro 400 Yazıcı M401dw(CF285A) Great Reading Materials The following sites offer quality support materials. The Multiple Skill Series – https://www.mheonline.com/program/view/4/1/104/0076020622 Great supplemental leveled readers that students can progress through quickly. Five comprehension questions follow each story. The Great Books Foundation – http://www.greatbooks.org/about/ Recommends and provides quality books with extensive lesson plans for readers of all ages utilizing the shared inquiry. James Patterson’s Readkiddoread website – http://www.readkiddoread.com/ James Patterson, the mystery/crime author, recommends “great books, cool books, books they (your kids) would positively, absolutely love.” Mari Inc – http://mariinc.com/ The biggest selection of Literature Guides anywhere! More specifically, Portals to Reading is a fantastic structured resource! Leveled Readers – http://www.readinga-z.com/ Readers you can download. The following links give trade book lists that people can get from a bookstore or library. Reading level comparison charts Printable books to practice specific sight words پژوهشگران همچنین برنامه ویرایش عکس PaintLab را مشاهده کردند که تصاویر را بدون اطلاع دادن به کاربران، برای پردازش به سرورهای خود ارسال می کند. بر اساس اطلاعات سایت افتا، خطر اصلی در این گونه برنامه ها، استفاده توسعه دهندگان از کتابخانه های third party است، بدون آنکه اطلاع داشته باشند که این کتابخانه ها چه اطلاعاتی را جمع آوری می کنند. پژوهشگران دانشگاه Northeastern تعداد ۱۷ هزار و ۲۶۰ برنامه از بازارهای برنامه های موبایلی مانند Google Play، AppChina، Mi.com و Anzhi را بررسی کرده و دریافتند که در عین حال درصد زیادی از برنامه ها از توانایی ضبط رسانه در گوشی های تلفن همراه استفاده نمی کنند. مطالعات پژوهشگران اثبات کرده است که چندین ریسک نقض حریم خصوصی در اکوسیستم برنامه های اندرویدی وجود دارد که بدون اطلاع یا اجازه کاربر، مجوزهای رسانه ای را افزایش می دهد و داده های تصویری را از طریق روش های غیرمنتظره با افراد دیگر به اشتراک می گذارد. پژوهشگران ترکیبی از تجزیه و تحلیل ایستا (بررسی کد بدون اجرای برنامه) و تجزیه و تحلیل پویا (تست و ارزیابی برنامه با اجرای داده ها در زمان واقعی) را روی برنامه ها انجام دادند تا جمع آوری و افشای رسانه ها مانند ویدئو یا تصاویر را کشف کنند. احتمالا این مشکل در برنامه های iOS نیز وجود دارد اما هنوز پژوهشی انجام نشده است. برای رهائی از این جاسوسی موبایلی، کاربران باید به دسترسی های برنامه های اندرویدی توجه ویژه ای داشته باشند، به خصوص برنامه هایی که با اطلاعات حساس آنان سروکار دارند. اخبار مرتبط - همکاری سامسونگ و گوگل در حوزه پیام رسان ها - همکاری سامسونگ و گوگل در حوزه پیام رسان ها - نکاتی برای افزایش سرعت عملکرد گوشی های اندرویدی - کشف اپلیکیشن های جاسوس در اپ استور مک - موقعیت مکانی کاربران آیفون فاش شد - جاسوسی بی سر و صدای آیفون! - ارسال مخفیانه موقعیت مکانی کاربران آیفون - ارسال مخفیانه موقعیت مکانی کاربران آیفون - اپلیکیشن جدید یاهو برای اندرویدی ها - آسیب پذیری جدید دوباره حریم کاربران اندروید را نقض کرد Aphrodite and the Rabbis, by Burton Visotzky, professor of Midrash at Jewish Theological Seminary, explores how Rabbinic Judaism, the dominant strain of Judaism for 2000 years after the destruction of the temple, developed in a matrix of hellenistic Greco-Roman culture under the Roman empire. Examples: Hellenistic literary scholarship was based on study and commentary of the 24 books of Homer; the Rabbis used very similar modes commenting on the books of the Hebrew Bible; and they even shoe-horned the count of books in the canon to equal 24 in order to parallel the Homeric canon. The Passover seder was modeled directly on the hellenistic “symposium”, an intellectual seminar and feast interspersed with alcohol, dishes with dipping sauces, and music. In focusing on what Rabbinic Judaism inherited from Hellenistic culture, Visotsky does not explore what is different. The symposium evening ended with courtesans entertaining the guests; that is not part of the Passover haggada. The book shows interesting literary similarities, but does not attend to the dramatic and presumably deliberate difference in which the Rabbis assertively avoid structures based on categories and sequence; the Talmudic forms are relentlessly digressive and associative. The book tells stories of interactions between Rabbis and various Roman figures; but stays away from the extensive talmudic material about avoiding contact and familiarity with pagans and the props and rituals of paganism. The book provides evidence that Jews in the Roman empire were much more familiar with Aramaic and Greek than Hebrew. And it shows how early synagogue architecture was extraordinarily similar to the temples and churches down the street in Roman empire towns; and how the synagogue art was strikingly similar, including ubiquitous images of the Zodiac, and even images of Zeus/Apollo riding his 4-horse chariot across the sky. In describing the material culture of Jews in the Roman
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ad accettare in te stesso, e per questo hai bisogno di un uomo per stare vicino. Ripubblichiamo un “ricordo” del grande poliglotta italiano Alessandro Bausani (1921-1988) da parte del matematico e divulgatore scientifico Roberto Vacca, apparso per la prima volta su “Il Crocevia” (ora offline) nel 2008 La mia vita nei primi decenni si intrecciò in molti modi con quella di Alessandro Bausani. La sua famiglia abitava al terzo piano e la mia al quarto del palazzo in via Ruggero Bonghi 26 a Roma. Mi raccontarono [io non lo ricordo] che quando Sandro aveva una decina d’ anni vide mia madre che leggeva giornali arabi (Al Ahram del Cairo, altri giornali libanesi e siriani dai quali redigeva notiziari per Oriente Moderno). Le chiese cosa fossero, poi disse: “Signo’, m’insegna l’ arabo?”. Con scarsa fiducia, mia madre gli prese un quadernetto e cominciò a dargli lezioni – e Sandro imparò l’arabo rapidamente come fece poi con un’altra trentina di lingue. Parlava perfettamente tutte le lingue europee compreso il basco e dopo l’arabo imparò persiano, urdu, pashtu, turco, malese, cinese, esperanto. Durante la guerra parlava in persiano da radio Roma. Aveva 21 anni e nessuno credeva che non fosse persiano di nascita. Gli amici iraniani lo chiamavano Iskhander Khorasani perché pare avesse un leggero accento di Khorasan. Da adolescente aveva inventato una lingua, il markusko, che subì evoluzioni simili a quelle delle lingue vere e di cui racconto’ in un suo libretto pubblicato in tedesco, Geheim und Universal Sprachen (“Lingue Segrete e Universali”). Usava il markusko in un gioco di politica mondiale che aveva inventato, con sua sorella, mia sorella. Io avevo 6 anni meno di lui e fui ammesso brevemente a giocare quando avevo circa 8 anni. Cominciammo a diventare amici quando avevo 16 anni. Quando ne avevo 17 mi insegnò il tedesco – e in un anno mi portò a un livello tale che potei cominciare a fare traduzioni tecniche. Quando avevo una trentina d’anni studiai un po’ di russo e Sandro mi sfidava a parlare russo sostituendo a tutte le vocali la a oppure la i. Nei primi anni Sessanta mi disse se gli insegnavo un po’ di matematica. In effetti ne sapeva già parecchia e dopo i miei modesti stimoli, ne imparò tanta di più. E imparò astronomia e storia dell’ astronomia (lo misero in commissioni di libera docenza e gli astronomi lo criticavano perché proponeva argomenti di lezione troppo difficili). Studiava continuamente e sapeva di storia e di filosofia, di logica e di storia delle dottrine politiche. Ebbe consuetudine di studi e interessi con mio padre (Giovanni Vacca, matematico e sinologo). Con lui e con altri amici facevamo discussioni interminabili di politica e di filosofia e di scienza. I suoi pareri e le sue folgorazioni erano spesso paradossali e affascinanti. Ricordo una sua operetta forse ancora inedita, scritta quando aveva forse 24 anni: Itinerarium Mentis in Diabolum, in cui polemizzava con me e con altri privi dei suoi interessi e delle sue inclinazioni religiose. Alessandro Bausani imparò e insegnò moltissime cose a moltissime persone. Un insegnamento vitale era quello che rendeva inutile un teorema di esistenza, perché forniva la dimostrazione concreta che un essere umano può essere anche così: aperto ad assorbire ogni vento di cultura, professionalmente ineccepibile, accademicamente perfetto ma non parruccone, spiritoso e brillante nelle esposizioni, sensibile alle espressioni e ai pensieri dei semplici e degli umili. Mi pare che mi abbiano detto che il nonno paterno di Sandro era un contadino analfabeta dell’Argentario. Il dettaglio suonerebbe incredibile e, invece, completa questo quadro straordinario di un uomo modesto e ineguagliabile. Alcuni suoi tratti di carattere a taluno risultavano irritanti, ma tutto doveva essergli perdonato perché non c’è dubbio che il mondo sia ora diverso e migliore a causa del fatto che un uomo come Alessandro Bausani è esistito e ha lasciato tracce profonde nella mente di tanti di noi. Sandro ha creato molti memi che viaggiano e viaggeranno a lungo nelle biblioteche e nei cervelli. Non ha avuto figli biologici, ma la sua eredità intellettuale è condivisa da molti e si fa strada anche nelle menti di persone che non lo hanno nemmeno sentito nominare. The Rough Collie by the British type is a more elegant to 61 cm high and up to 25 kg heavier companion dog and has a slightly-mixed upper and lower coat. The dog has thick coat with silky soft undercoat. A Scottish Shepherd demonstrably exists since the 13th century and was used primarily as a herding dog in the Scottish moors. It takes its name from the Collie sheep. These sheep with black heads and legs are called Colley; their herding dogs were Colley Dogs, a name which later turned into Collie. Queen Victoria learned the Collie by their stays in the Scottish Balmoral know and love and was henceforth a patron of this breed, they willingly and generously gave away also to diplomats and royal houses in Europe. Became famous for her black collie Gypsy who was buried in 1868 in the Park of Windsor Castle. This tradition also led Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother called, continued. Made in 1840 in England, the foundation of the “Collie Club” by stately lovers who turn in 1858 by the continued recognition as a race. The Collie came in 1861 for the first time at the Birmingham Dog Show in appearance. British Dog Breed. The “Airedale Terrier” is a robust, very muscular dog with a hard, dense and wiry hair and much undercoat. „Waterside-“ or „Working-Terrier“. The farmers, hunters, miners and factory workers used these dogs for hunting, especially the popular Otter hunting, herding, guard services and even for dog fighting. Despite his rough and shaggy appearance in the early years of breeding, he served the end of the 19th century, the ladies in London as a preferred companion dog. “That island of England breeds very valiant creatures” King Henry V. STAUNCHEST of the staunch, the BULL TERRIER will fight to the death in the service of one he loves. Although of high courage he is not necessarily a seeker after quarrels with others of his kind, but when he has entered upon one he follows the advice of Polonius, so bearing himself that the opposed may beware of him. There is a story related of a Dalmatian whose duty it was to follow his master’s carriage to the station every morning. At a certain house on the road was a surly retriever, who constantly made the unhappy creature lament that he was ever born a dog, what time his owner cursed his pusillanimity. Once day this gentleman confided his trouble to a friend who kept a bull terrier. “We will soon settle the retriever,” was the reply, and next morning the terrier, with artistic black spots dotted about his body, made the journey instead of the Dalmatian, and gave the bully such a bad quarter of an hour that for ever after he held his peace. Fifty or more years ago, one regrets to record, the bull terrier was a very disreputable fellow, his avocation being dog fighting, badger baiting, and ratting. In the middle of last century no undergraduate of porting proclivities had completed his education until he could appraise the merits of one of these dogs. We all remember how Charles Stewart Calverley traced the metamorphosis of the Freshman, whose education grew by degrees until he: Learned to work the wary dog-cart; Artfully through King’s Parade; Dress, and steer a boat, and sport with Amaryllis in the shade: Struck, at Brown’s, the dashing hazard; Or (more curious sport than that) Dropped, at Callaby’s, the terrier Down upon the prisoned rat. Gone are these days, “good old times,” they were called, when by some strange perversion baiting an imprisoned animal was miscalled sport. We are no less sporting to-day, but our tastes have assumed a healthier form, and it has become a wholesome law that the object of our pursuit shall have a decent chance of making good his escape. The prejudices excited by the earlier associations of the bull terrier were not easily overcome, and it was many years before he received the entrance to decent society. Doubtless dog shows had much to do with his rehabilitation, people coming at last to recognize his sterling qualities, although the practice of cropping the ears, continued until 1895, kept him from winning his proper place in popular regard. However desirable this form of mutilation may have been in the fighting era, the suffering involved was afterwards wholly unnecessary, and the decision of the Kennel Club to put an end to it was one of the wisest things this body has ever done. The belief of the pessimists, that the bull terrier had received his death blow has not been justified by results. At first, it is true, the natural ear was an eyesore, much detracting from the smartness of appearance, but the new generation, having become accustomed to the present style, sees little of which to complain, and contents itself with the dog as he is. Not only are classes at shows well filled, but the ordinary man, who never dreams of exhibiting, is coming to see that if he would have an ideal guard and faithful companion, not too large for the house, and yet with sufficient weight and pluck to tackle a burglar, he could not well do better than buy a bull terrier, The old dogs were of all sorts, sizes, color and types, little uniformity being observable, but now we have a shapely animal, with an air of breeding and class. Note the power and symmetry of his body, a combination of agility and gracefulness. He is as clean built as a bit of sculpture, The small eye may be a stumbling block at first, but even this, on examination, becomes a fitting complement to the shape of the head, and we would not have it otherwise. One undoubted drawback is the tendency to deafness inherited by so many. Why the pure white dog should be subject to this defect would need an explanation of too scientific a nature to make it admissible within the cope of this chapter. It may be noted, however, as a matter of interest, that the presence of one or two dark marks on the skin, not apparent in the coat, is sufficient to maintain the hearing unimpaired. The correlation between the total absence of pigment and the non-existence of the sense of hearing has frequently stimulated the investigation of scientists. The same phenonomen is manifested in the feline race, white cats with blue eyes almost invariably being deaf. The curious thing is that if one of the eyes is of a different color the hearing is not defective. Darwin’s omission to speak of the bull terrier when writing upon this topic is not surprising, considering that the all-white dogs were not common in his time. They were a later product. Seated by my side, At my feet, So he breathed but air I breached, Satisfied! AS the heavy train steamed into Willesden sounds of barking directed me to the compartment in which the pup was traveling. This, the first excursion from the kennels in which she had passed the three and a half months of her young life, was an event co be signalized by signs of disapproval. Strange voices, stranger modes of locomotion, were disturbing and disconcerting, and my friendly accents but quieted her momentarily. The protest was renewed as we proceeded by another train to the home that was soon to be friendly and familiar. As for us we were anxious to see the small creature with such expressive vocal organs. When the hamper was opened the most delightful little Teddy Bear imaginable bounded out and proceeded to introduce herself. A mass of white fluffy down, with here and there a splash of lemon, eloquent dark eyes, and plump as the proverbial partridge. That was PANDORE as we first knew her. Time only served to strengthen and crystallize the early impressions. With manners as charming and irreproachable as her looks, before many days had passed he had won all hearts, becoming an important member of the household. That wise head of hers held brains which led her instinctively to adapt herself to her surroundings, and fall in with the habits and wishes of the human gods who formed her little world. Visitors, though tolerated as necessary evils, were regarded with signal disapproval, heavy bark and bared teeth warning that no evil intent must be harboured towards the inmates of the house. As Pandore grew older the downy coat was shed, profuse long hair taking its place in gradual transition, and she became more and more intelligent, until we agreed that we had never, among our host of canine friends, met one so sensible. None, too, could be more expressive. When on mischief bent she displayed it with a roguishness of demeanour that earned absolution for the misdeed almost before it was perpetrated. Greatly did she delight in a game of “catch as catch can” on the lawn with the children. Entering into the spirit of the fun she would romp round in endless gyrations, bushy tail extended to the full a few inches from hands ready to grasp, but she could calculate to a fraction, twisting and dodging with the art of a football player, until pity impelled her to pretend she could go on no longer. One could fill a book relating Pandore’s escapade, but further recital might weary. Let mention of her adventure with the garden hose suffice as an example of the rest. The curious serpentine length stretched out on the lawn interested her vastly, and when she heard the sissling noise made by the air escaping from the nozzle as the water came on down went her nose to investigate. A sadden jet full in the face caused a precipitate retreat, and now as the hose appears there is much commotion at a diplomatic distance. These few words convey but inadequately the intelligence and charm of the Pyrenean Mountain dogs which Lady Sybil Grant is doing her best to acclimatize in this country. More delightful companions and trustworthy guardians could not be wished by the most exigent, nor is this surprising. For centuries they have lived in communion with their masters on the Pyrenean slopes, protecting the flocks from bears and wolves, or human depredators. With the practical disappearance of the former animals their vocation to an extent has gone, while the inherited instinct remains. They are no common sheep dogs, used to round up the Rocks. In their native land, the shepherd, following the old Biblical custom, leads his sheep to the green pastures on the mountains with the advent of spring, and there they remain until winter approaches. Time was when severe toll would have been taken of the defence less creatures during the long nights hut for the unceasing watchfulness of the faithful Patous
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and recognized that date as the day of celebration. Adams sternly stood by July 2nd as the official date and held personal celebrations annually on the 2nd and refused to participate in any activities held on the 4th. The War of 1812, which pitted the United States against Great Britain once more, rejuvenated the celebratory Americans and in 1870 the United States Congress made July 4th a federal holiday. But it wasn’t until 1941 that provisions were made to expand it into a paid holiday for all federal employees. As time passed, the political influence of the holiday waned, the terrorist attacks of 9/11 reignited the patriotic passion nationally. Today, Independence Day is celebrated with BBQ’s, family outings, vacations, fireworks, parades and a fervor much like it was in the 1800’s. Il 18 febbraio del 1479 il maniscalco napoletano Cola de Jennaro, prigioniero del sovrano di Tunisi da ben diciotto anni, portava a compimento la trascrizione di un volgarizzamento dal Liber marescalcie di Giordano Ruffo, opera in latino del sec. XIII sull’allevamento e la cura del cavallo che godette di una notevole fortuna: di esso infatti conosciamo oggi non meno di 189 testimoni (173 manoscritti e 16 a stampa), in 8 varietà linguistiche differenti: latino, italoromanzo, francese, occitanico, catalano, galego, ebraico e tedesco. Il presente volume offre l’edizione con glossario del manoscritto Vat. lat. 10001 della Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, che tramanda la singolare redazione tunisina del trattato, finora inedita. Lo studio presenta l’autore e il contesto in cui operò e la tradizione del testo. Fornisce poi l’analisi del codice, ricostruendone la storia, e del lessico del trattato. Si aggiunge così un nuovo tassello al composito e frastagliato quadro della tradizione testuale del Liber marescalcie, gettando nel contempo luce su un interessante episodio della storia mediterranea dell’italoromanzo. File in questo prodotto: Non ci sono file associati a questo prodotto. - Apr 03, 2018 - محصولاتی که با استفاده از خطوط اتوماتیک تولید می شوند باید خروجی کافی داشته باشند. طراحی محصول و فرایندها باید پیشرفته، پایدار و قابل اطمینان باشند و در طول مدت زمان طولانی ثابت بمانند. استفاده از خطوط اتوماتیک در تولید انبوه و تولید انبوه می تواند باعث افزایش بهره وری در کارخانه، تثبیت و بهبود کیفیت محصولات، بهبود شرایط کار، کاهش فضای تولید، کاهش هزینه های تولید، کوتاه شدن چرخه تولید، تعادل تولید و سود اقتصادی شود. خط تولید اتوماتیک در صورت عدم مداخله مطابق با مفاد رویه ها یا دستورالعمل ها به طور خودکار عمل می کند و یا کنترل روند، هدف آن "ثابت، دقیق، سریع" است. فن آوری اتوماسیون به طور گسترده ای در صنایع، کشاورزی، نظامی، تحقیقات علمی، حمل و نقل، تجارت، خدمات پزشکی، خدمات و خانواده مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. تصویب یک خط تولید اتوماتیک نه تنها مردم را از کار دستی سنگین، بخشی از کار ذهنی و محیط کار سخت و خطرناک آزاد می کند، بلکه کارکرد ارگان های بدن را گسترش می دهد، تولید کار را به میزان زیادی افزایش می دهد و توانایی افراد در درک جهان را افزایش می دهد و جهان را تغییر دهی . The latest news from academia, regulators research labs and other things of interest Posted: Feb 01, 2011 EU-funded team puts new semi-conductor material to the test (Nanowerk News) The electronic chips of the future might not be made of silicon or even graphene but of a material called molybdenite (MoS2). EU-funded research presented in the journal Nature Nanotechnology demonstrates that molybdenite is a highly effective semi-conductor that could be used to make transistors both smaller and more energy efficient. EU support for the work came from the 5-year FLATRONICS ('Electronic devices based on nanolayers') project, a EUR 1.8 million European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grant awarded to Professor Andras Kis of the Laboratory of Nanoscale Electronics and Structures (LANES) at the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland in 2009. ERC grants are channelled through the Ideas Programme of the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7). Molybdenite is a mineral readily available in nature. Currently its main uses are as an element in steel alloys and as an additive in lubricants. Until now, its potential as a semi-conductor has remained largely unexplored. Molybdenite is a two-dimensional material, very thin and easy to use in nanotechnology. It has real potential in the fabrication of very small transistors, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cells. 'It's a two-dimensional material, very thin and easy to use in nanotechnology,' says Professor Kis, who led the current study. 'It has real potential in the fabrication of very small transistors, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cells.' According to Professor Kis and his colleagues, molybdenite offers significant advantages over silicon, which is widely used in electronics, and graphene, which is the most widely studied two-dimensional material and is commonly viewed as the electronics material of the future. Silicon is a three-dimensional material, and so is more voluminous than molybdenite that can be fabricated in monolayers. 'In a 0.65-nanometre-thick sheet of MoS2, the electrons can move around as easily as in a 2-nanometre-thick sheet of silicon, but it's not currently possible to fabricate a sheet of silicon as thin as a monolayer sheet of MoS2,' explains Professor Kis. Furthermore, transistors based on molybdenite would consume 100,000 times less energy in their standby state than conventional silicon transistors. This is because turning a transistor on and off requires a semi-conductor material with a 'band gap'. In physics, 'bands' are used as a way of describing the energy of electrons in a material. In semi-conductors, the term 'band gap' refers to the electron-free spaces between these bands. If the gap is neither too big nor too small, some electrons can jump across the gap, thereby offering researchers a way of controlling the electrical behaviour of the material and turning it on and off. Molybdenite has a 1.8 electron-volt band gap, making it ideal for turning transistors on and off. Molybdenite's band gap also gives it the edge over graphene, which does not have a band gap in its pristine state. Although it is possible to make graphene that has a band gap, this increases the fabrication complexity and causes other problems. 'Our results provide an important step towards the realization of electronics and low-standby-power integrated circuits based on two-dimensional materials. Being a thin, transparent semiconducting material, MoS2 monolayers also present a wealth of new opportunities in areas that include mesoscopic physics, optoelectronics and energy harvesting,' the researchers conclude. 'With the possibility of fabricating large-area circuits using solution-based processing, our finding could be important for producing electronic devices that could combine the ease of processing associated with organic conductors with performance figures commonly associated with silicon-based electronics.' If you liked this article, please give it a quick review on reddit or StumbleUpon. Thanks! Check out these other trending stories on Nanowerk: Raffrollo kendini üretiyor Güzelleştirmek istediğin pencerelerin var mı? Her zamanki perdeleri ve panjurları unutun ve pürüzsüz, aerodinamik bir siluet yaratın ve odaya sadece arzu edilen ışık miktarını bırakın, sadece klasik veya çağdaş değil, aynı zamanda dekoratif ve kullanışlı görünen özel panjurlar da var! Ölçmek ve kumaş kesmek - Faltrollo dikmek Bir mezura ve bir makas kullanın Pencereyi boyutlandırın, böylece Roma körlüğü için gereken uzunluğu bilirsiniz. Genişliğe ve kıvrım kenarlarına 5 cm daha ekleyin. Raffrollostoff ve kumaş insertini kesin Sağ kenarları eşleştirin, 2.5 cm uzunluğunda bir iğne ve bir iğne alın ve kumaşı ve astarı her iki tarafa dikin, sağ tarafını ters çevirin ve bir demir kullanın Pinlerin pozisyonlarını işaretleyin ve uçtan 5 cm uzaklaştırın İlk olarak, panjur üzerindeki mesafeleri bile işaretlemelisiniz - bunlar dübellerin konumlarıdır Bunlar, alt taraf ile biten 20 cm ile 30 cm arasında ayrılmalıdır (Örneğin, her mesafe 20 cm ve alt mesafe 10 cm'dir). Bu mesafeleri bir tebeşirle işaretleyin. Kalem tepsilerini üretin - Şeritleri kumaş astarından ayırın İşaretli mesafelerin her biri için bu tepsilerden birine ihtiyacınız var. Uzunluk boyunca yarıya kadar katlayın, 1 cm uzunluğunda bir etek alın, uzun kenarı dikin. Pimleri zımbalayın Rafları işaretli çizgiler boyunca merkezi olarak yerleştirin ve dikin. Tüm kumaş katmanlarını dikin ve çizgileri olabildiğince fark edilmeden tutun. Her bir tepsiye bir iğne takın ve uçları alttan ters çevirerek kaydırın. Panjur halkalarını koruyun Ekstra panjur halkalarını, ağırlığın 20 cm ila 40 cm uzağına dikin. Velcro'nun kanca şeridini takın. Şeritleri doğru yere sabitleyin. Çubuğa ekle Döngü bandını deklanşörün üstüne takın ve dikin ve çubuğa takın. Kabloları takın Gri Chavron kalıbı Banyoda rahatlatıcı atmosfer Vintage ve sanatsal Yeşil, desenli Roma perdeleri Koyu mavi panjurlar Kar-beyaz duvar tasarımı Turkuvaz çizgiler ve desenler Mutfakta simetrik düzenlenmiş houseplants Gri, soğuk yaşam ortamı Sarı desen Tematik ve uygun Renkli çizgili Roma güneşlikler Eski moda mutfak - beyaz fayans yapılmış mutfak arka duvar Sağlam ve doğal Doymuş çiçek desenli - ipek abajur Zarif, rahatlatıcı banyo "Eating" - Mutfak malzemeleri Yatak odasında güneş koruması Kadınsı bir atmosfer - pembe chevron Ülke mutfağında tazelik ve güzellik Siyah kenarlar Ülke stili gri Gelenek ve sıcaklık burada oturma odası Pencere çerçevesi olarak kullanılan resim çerçevesi Pişirme ada üzerinde asılı lamba Bu yaşam alanında vurgu olarak yeşil çizgiler Tatlı pembe renk tasarımı Pembe boyalı masa Her zamanki siyah desenler ve şekiller Atlama Minderi 1 Adet Hava yastığı hava dalış eğitmenler çanta için şişme.Sönmez Tent hava yastığı, hapsedilmiş kurtarma personelinin kurtarılması için güvenli bir çözüm gönderir ve engelli tek kişiyi önlenebilir karşı dirençli, etki sahasını vurgulayarak. Termo-yansıtıcı malzemeyle kaplı yan parçalarDaha çokça istikrar için şekil ile şişirilmiş çerçeve yapısı sertleştirilmiş. Atlama Minderi 1 Adet Koşullarında uzun konumdan atlayan kişiler için uygundur, ayrıca yangınla mücadele eğitiminde de kullanılabilir.Sönmez Tent hava yastığı kendiliğinden yayılan, su geçirmez, bezlerini koruyabilir. (Science: statistics) A weighted average measure of the sum of the frequency of occurrences of all species along a single transect or as calculated for a plant community by averaging the prevalence index of all sample transects through the community. Results from our forum ... “how species come to be...” http://www.sciencenews.org/index/feature/activity/view/id/331382/title/Evolution%E2%80%99s_Wedges http://dovhenis.wordpress.com/2011/07/06/evolution-how-species-come-to-be/ ... as group-members. Dov Henis (Comments From 22nd Century) Inception And Prevalence Of Western ... See entire post Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) A protocol which distributes routing information to the routers which connect autonomous systems. The term "gateway" is historical, and "router" is currently the preferred term. There is also a routing protocol called EGP defined in STD 18, RFC 904. See also Border Gateway Protocol, Interior Gateway Protocol. Kurt Gölü John Verdon Koridor Yayıncılık Ülkenin farklı yerlerinde yaşayan dört kişinin rüyalarında kurt başlı bir hançerle öldürüldüklerini söylerler ve ifadelerinden hemen sonra, başlarında kurt başlı bir hançer ile bilekleri kesilmiş halde bulunur. Kurbanların hepsi de kısa süre önce Hipnoz terapileri yapan Psikolog Richard Hammond’da tedavi görmüştür. Ölümler, intihar mı, cinayet midir? تاسیس معاونت فناوری در وزارت علوم/راه اندازی نظام پیشنهادات برای تحقیقات نیازمحور - ۱۱ آبان ۱۴۰۰ - ۱۲:۴۱ - اخبار سیاسی وزیر علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری از تاسیس معاونت فناوری در وزارت علوم خبر داد. به گزارش خبرنگار گروه دانشگاه خبرگزاری تسنیم، محمدعلی زلفی گل، وزیر علوم، امروز در نشست رؤسای پارکهای علم و فناوری کشور با اشاره به رتبه اول ایران در منطقه در حوزه تولید علم، اظهار داشت: با تولید بیش از 70 هزار سند علمی، اختلاف ما با رتبه دوم منطقه بیش از 20 هزار سند علمی است و این امر نتیجه تلاش دانشگاهیان، دانشمندان و پژوهشگران کشور است. وی با اشاره به اینکه ما امروز علاوه بر حفظ و صیانت از برج تولید علم و فناوری که در منطقه و جهان خودنمایی میکند و رتبه پانزدهم جهانی را در این زمینه کسب کردیم، تصریح کرد: در پی آن هستیم که برج تولید نوآوری، فناوری و کارآفرینی را هم به همان اندازه ارتقا دهیم تا از این نظر در منطقه خودنمایی کند و بستر لازم را برای ایجاد اشتغال در کشور نیز فراهم کند. زلفی گل با تاکید بر اینکه کشور در حال حاضر آماده تدوین برنامه توسعه هفتم است، ادامه داد: مقدمات تدوین این برنامه آغاز شده است و از شما رؤسای پارکها درخواست دارم که جلسات هم اندیشی برگزار کنید و احکامی که لازم میدانید که در برنامه توسعه هفتم درج شود تا زمینه توسعه فناوری را در کشور فراهم کنید، احصا کرده و در اختیار مسئولان ذی ربط وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری قرار دهید. وزیر علوم با اشاره به اینکه این حوزه یک پتانسیل خوبی در کشور است که نباید از آن غافل شویم، گفت: در عرصه فناوری و توجه به فناوری نیز ما باید به این نکته توجه کنیم که بهترین راه دستیابی به اقتصاد مقاومتی توجه ویژه به پارکهای علم و فناوری در کشور است؛ چرا که با افزایش قیمت واردات، پتانسیلی در کشور ایجاد میشود که بتوانیم رونق تولید داخل را داشته باشیم و در راستای خود اتکایی و خودکفایی گام برداریم. وی به شرایط اشتغال فارغ التحصیلان دانشگاهی به ویژه در مقاطع تحصیلات تکمیلی، با تاکید بر اینکه ایجاد اشتغال با سطح سواد ارتباط مستقیم دارد، ادامه داد: برای ایجاد اشتغال با سطح سواد زیر دیپلم مقداری هزینه نیاز است، ولی ایجاد شغل برای یک فرد دارای مدرک دکتری، هزینه چند برابری را میطلبد. ایجاد شغل برای دانش آموختگان دورههای کارشناسی، کارشناسی ارشد و به ویژه دوره دکتری را تنها و تنها از طریق پارک های علم و فناوری و شرکتهای دانش بنیان می توان مشخص کرد. وزیر علوم ادامه داد: ما نمی توانیم تمامی دانش آموختگان دورههای کارشناسی ارشد و دکتری را در سیستمهای دولتی به کار بگیریم و طبیعی است که باید بخش اعظمی از آنها در بخشهای خصوصی مشغول به فعالیت شوند.بخشهای خصوص
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D scroll-shooter. - BZFlag is a 3D First person tank shooter (With jumping). - Battle for Wesnoth is a turn-based strategy game. - Blob Wars: Metal Blob Solid is a 2D platform game. - Chromium B.S.U. is a fast paced, arcade-style, top-scrolling space shooter. - CodeRED: Alien Arena is a sci-fi first-person shooter derived from the Quake II engine. - Crimson Fields is a turn-based tactical wargame. - Cube 2: Sauerbraten is a 3D first-person shooter with an integrated map editing mode. - Danger from the Deep is a submarine simulator set in World War II. - Glest is a real-time strategy game, with optional multiplayer. - NetHack and Angband are text-based computer role-playing games. - Netrek is a Star Trek themed multiplayer 2D space battle game. - Nexuiz is a first-person shooter. Although, this has been replaced by Xonotic. - Project: Starfighter a multi-directional, objective based shoot-em-up. - Slingshot two-person spaceship shooting near planetary gravity. - TORCS (The Open Racing Car Simulator) – considered one of the best open-source racing simulators, with realistic graphics and vehicle handling. - Tremulous is a 3D first-person shooter/real-time strategy game. - Tux Racer is a 3D racing game featuring Tux. - Urban Terror is a standalone Quake III Arena first-person shooter. (Proprietary mod). - Vega Strike is a space flight simulation. - Warsow is a Quake-like, fast-paced first-person shooter. Clones and remakes There are a larger number of open source clones and remakes of classic games: - FreeCiv is a clone of Civilization II. - FreeOrion is inspired by Master of Orion. - Frets on Fire is a clone of Guitar Hero. - Frozen Bubble is a clone of Puzzle Bobble. - Grid Wars is a clone of Geometry Wars. - Head Over Heels, a ZX-Spectrum action platformer, was remade for Linux, Windows, Mac OS X, and BeOS. - Hedgewars is a clone of Worms. Worms replaced with hedgehogs. - Minetest is a free and open-source C++ clone of Minecraft with mods. - OpenAge is an under-development free implementation of the Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings engine available on GitHub. - OpenClonk is a free and open-source remake of Clonk. - OpenSpades is a clone of Ace of Spades (video game). - OpenTTD is a remake of Transport Tycoon Deluxe. - OpenXcom is a clone of UFO: Enemy Unknown game. It is an open-source, multiplatform reimplementation meant to faithfully mimic the original game, with optional add-ons - Performous is a remix of the ideas behind Guitar Hero, SingStar and Dance Dance Revolution. - Pingus is a clone of Lemmings. - Scorched 3D is a 3D adaptation of Scorched Earth. - Spring originally is a clone of Total Annihilation, but actually is a platform for real time strategy games. - StepMania is a clone of Dance Dance Revolution - SuperTuxKart and TuxKart are clones of Mario Kart. - SuperTux and Secret Maryo Chronicles are both clones of Super Mario Bros. - The Dark Mod is a stealth game inspired by the Thief (series) games (particularly 1 and 2) from Looking Glass Studios - The Zod Engine is an actively developed open source remake of the game Z. - Train Simulation Framework is a train simulator which can read the formats originally used for BVE Trainsim. - UFO: Alien Invasion is heavily influenced by the X-COM series, mostly by UFO: Enemy Unknown. - UltraStar is an open source clone of SingStar - Ur-Quan Masters is based on the original source code for Star Control II - WarMUX is a clone of Worms using free software project mascots instead of worms. - Warzone 2100 is a real-time strategy and real-time tactics hybrid computer game. Originally published by Eidos Interactive and later released as open source. - Widelands is a clone of The Settlers 2. - Bill Kendrick has developed many free software games, most inspired by games for the Atari 8-bit and other classic systems. Available on Steam Valve officially released Steam for Linux on February 14, 2013. As of July 2016[update] the number of Linux-compatible games on Steam exceeds 1,890. With the launch of SteamOS, a distribution of Linux made by Valve intended to be used for HTPC gaming, that number is quickly growing. Listed below are some notable games available on Steam for Linux: - Alien: Isolation - Another World - The Binding of Isaac - BioShock Infinite - Borderlands 2 - Borderlands: The Pre-Sequel! - Broken Age - Brütal Legend - Cave Story+ - Civilization V - Civilization: Beyond Earth - Counter-Strike: Global Offensive - Counter-Strike: Source - Danganronpa: Trigger Happy Havoc - Danganronpa 2: Goodbye Despair - Day of the Tentacle Remastered - Don't Starve - Dota 2 - Dying Light - Empire: Total War - Freedom Planet - Grim Fandango Remastered - Half-Life 2 - Half-Life 2: Episode One - Half-Life 2: Episode Two - Left 4 Dead 2 - Life Is Strange - Metro 2033 - Metro: Last Light - Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor - Mini Metro - Payday 2 - Pillars of Eternity - Portal 2 - Rocket League - Saints Row 2 - Saints Row IV - Saints Row: Gat out of Hell - Saints Row: The Third - Shovel Knight - Spec Ops: The Line - Star Wars Knights of the Old Republic II: The Sith Lords - Super Meat Boy - System Shock 2 - The Talos Principle - Team Fortress 2 - Tomb Raider - TowerFall Ascension - The Witcher 2: Assassins of Kings - XCOM: Enemy Unknown - XCOM 2 Independent game developers Independent developer 2D Boy released World of Goo for Linux. Role-playing video game titles like Eschalon: Book I, Eschalon: Book II and Penny Arcade Adventures: On the Rain-Slick Precipice of Darkness were developed cross-platform from the start of development, including a Linux version. Sillysoft released Linux versions of their game Lux and its various versions. Hemisphere Games has released a Linux version of Osmos. Koonsolo has released a Linux version of Mystic Mine. Amanita Design has released Linux versions of Machinarium and Samorost 2. Irrgheist released a Linux version of their futuristic racing game H-Craft Championship. Gamerizon has released a Linux version of QuantZ. InterAction Studios has several titles mostly in the Chicken Invaders series. Kristanix Games has released Linux versions of Crossword Twist, Fantastic Farm, Guess The Phrase!, Jewel Twist, Kakuro Epic, Mahjong Epic, Maxi Dice, Solitaire Epic, Sudoku Epic, Theseus and the Minotaur. Anawiki Games has released a Linux versions of Path of Magic, Runes of Avalon, Runes of Avalon 2, Soccer Cup Solitaire, The Perfect Tree and Dress-Up Pups. Gaslamp Games released a Linux version of Dungeons of Dredmor. Broken Rules has released a Linux version of And Yet It Moves. Frictional Games released Linux versions of both Penumbra: Black Plague and Penumbra: Overture, as well as the expansion pack Penumbra: Requiem. They also released Amnesia: The Dark Descent for Linux simultaneously with the Windows and Mac OS X versions. S2 Games released Linux clients for their titles Savage: The Battle for Newerth, Savage 2: A Tortured Soul and Heroes of Newerth. Wolfire Games released a Linux version of their game Lugaru and they will release its sequel Overgrowth for Linux. David Rosen's Black Shades was also ported to Linux. Arctic Paint has released a Linux version of Number Drill. Charlie's Games has released a Linux version of Bullet Candy Perfect, Irukandji, Space Phallus and Scoregasm. Illwinter Game Design released Conquest of Elysium II, Dominions: Priests, Prophets and Pretenders, Dominions II: The Ascension Wars, and Dominions 3: The Awakening for Linux. Introversion Software released Darwinia, Uplink, and DEFCON. Cartesian Theatre is a Vancouver, Canada, based software house specializing in free, commercial, games for GNU/Linux. They have one title currently under active development, Avaneya. Kot-in-Action Creative Artel released their Steel Storm games for Linux. Hazardous Software have released their game Achron for Linux. Unigine Corp developed Oil Rush using its Unigine engine technology that works on Linux. Unigine Corp was also developing a "shooter-type game" that would have been released for Linux, currently the development on this game is frozen until OilRush is released. The MMORPG game Syndicates of Arkon is also supposed to be coming to Linux. The game Dilogus: The Winds of War is also being developed with Unigine and is planned to have a Linux client. A number of visual novel developers support Linux. Winter Wolves has released titles such as Spirited Heart, Heileen, The Flower Shop, Bionic Heart, Card Sweethearts, Vera Blanc, Planet Stronghold, and Loren The Amazon Princess for Linux. Hanako Games has released Science Girls, Summer Session, Date Warp, Cute Knight Kingdom, and are considering porting Fatal Hearts to Linux. sakevisual has brought Jisei, Kansei, Yousei, RE: Alistair and Ripples to Linux. Four Leaf Studios has also released Katawa Shoujo for Linux and Christine Love released Digital: A Love Story, both of which, along with Summer Session mentioned previously, are powered by the free software Ren'Py tool. In March 2012 Marcel Weyers released the horror visual novel Sleepless Night. Dwarf Fortress, a sandbox management simulator / roguelike, has been made available for Linux by Tarn Adams. The voxel-based space sandbox game, ScrumbleShip by Indie developer Dirkson is currently under development for Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows. The realistic replay baseball simulation Out of the Park Baseball by OOTP Developments is currently available for Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows, for single player and multiplayer online leagues. Grappling Hook, a first-shooter like puzzle game. Independent companies have also taken on the task of porting prominent Windows games to Linux. Loki Software was the first such company, and between 1998 and 2002 ported Civilization: Call to Power, Descent3, Eric's Ultimate Solitaire, Heavy Gear II, Heavy Metal: F.A.K.K.2, Heretic II, Heroes of Might and Magic III, Kohan: Immortal Sovereigns, Myth II: Soulblighter, Postal, Railroad Tycoon II, Quake III Arena, Rune, Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri, Sim City 3000, Soldier of Fortune, Tribes 2, and MindRover to Linux. Tribsoft created a Linux version of Jagged Alliance 2 by Sir-Tech Canada before shutting down in 2002. Linux Game Publishing was founded in 2001 in response to the impending demise of Loki, and has brought Creatures: Internet Edition, Candy Cruncher, Majesty: Gold Edition, NingPo MahJong, Hyperspace Delivery Boy!, Software Tycoon, Postal2: Share The Pain, Soul Ride, X2: The Threat, Gorky 17, Cold War, Knights and Merchants: The Shattered Kingdom, Ballistics, X3: Reunion, Jets'n'Guns, Sacred: Gold, Shadowgrounds, and Shadowgrounds Survivor to Linux. Some of these games were ported for them by Gordon. LGP-associated but freelance consultant Frank C. Earl is porting the game Caster to Linux and has released the first episode and also developed the Linux version of Cortex Command being included in the second Humble Indie Bundle. He is also working towards other porting projects such as the entire Myth series. He is largely taking recommendations and he comments as part of the Phoronix community. icculus.org has ported beta releases for Medal of Honor: Allied Assault and Devastation, versions of America's Army, and the titles Prey, Aquaria, Braid, Hammerfight and Cogs. The German publisher RuneSoft was founded in 2000. They ported the games Northland, Robin Hood: The Legend of Sherwood, Airline Tycoon Deluxe, Ankh, Ankh: Heart of Osiris, Barkanoid 2, and Jack Keane to Linux, as well as porting Knights and Merchants: The Shattered Kingdom and Software Tycoon, for Linux Game Publishing. Hyperion Entertainment ported games to several systems, they have ported Shogo: Mobile Armor Division and SiN to Linux, as well as porting Gorky 17 for Linux Game Publishing. Wyrmkeep Entertainment has brought the games The Labyrinth of Time and Inherit the Earth: Quest for the Orb to Linux. Alternative Games brought Trine and Shadowgrounds, and Shadowgrounds Survivor for Linux Game Publishing. Aspyr Media released their first Linux port in June 2014, they claim they are porting to Linux due to Valve bringing out SteamOS. Aspyr Media later ported Borderlands 2 to Linux in September 2014. Having ported games to Mac OS X since 1996, video game publisher Feral Interactive released XCOM: Enemy Unknown, its first game for Linux, in June 2014. Feral Interactive stated they port games to Linux thanks to SteamOS. Some id Software employees ported the Doom series, the Quake series, Return to Castle Wolfenstein, Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory and Enemy Territory: Quake Wars. Some games published by GarageGames which have Linux versions include Bridge Builder, Marble Blast Gold, Gish, ThinkTanks, Tribal Trouble, and Dark Horizons: Lore Invasion. MP Entertainment released Hopkins FBI and Crack dot com released Abuse for Linux, becoming one of the first developers to release a native port. Inner Worlds, another early commercial Linux title, was released for and partly developed on Linux. Philos Laboratories released a Linux version of Theocracy on the retail disk. Absolutist has supported Linux for a number of years. GLAMUS GmbH released a Linux version of their game Mobility. Vicarious Visions ported the space-flight game Terminus to Linux. Lava Lord Games released their game Astro Battle for Linux. Xatrix Entertainment released a Linux version of Kingpin: Life of Crime. Bioware released Neverwinter Nights for Linux. Croteam released the Serious Sam series, with the first game ported by Gordon and with the second self-ported. Gordon also ported Epic Games' shooter games Unreal Tournament 2003 and Unreal Tournament 2004. |“||We strongly want to get into Linux for a reason," Gustavsson said. "It took Halo for the first Xbox to kick off and go crazy — usually, it takes one killer app or game and then people are more than willing [to adopt it] — it is not hard to get your hands on Linux, for example, it only takes one game that motivates you to go there.||”| Commercial games for non-x86 instruction sets Some companies ported games to Linux running on instruction sets other than x86, such as Alpha, PowerPC, Sparc, MIPS or ARM. Loki Entertainment Software ported Civilization: Call to Power, Eric's Ultimate Solitaire, Heroes of Might and Magic III, Myth II: Soulblighter, Railroad Tycoon II Gold Edition and Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri with Alien Crossfire expansion pack to Linux PowerPC. They also ported Civilization: Call to Power, Eric's Ultimate Solitaire, Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri with Alien Crossfire expansion pack to Linux Alpha and Civilization: Call to Power, Eric's Ultimate Solitaire to Linux SPARC. Linux Game Publishing published Candy Cruncher, Majesty Gold, NingPo MahJong and Soul Ride to Linux PowerPC. They also ported Candy Cruncher, Soul Ride to Linux SPARC and Soul Ride to Linux Alpha. Illwinter Game Design ported Dominions: Priests, Prophets & Pretenders, Dominions II: The Ascension Wars and Dominions 3 to Linux PowerPC and Conquest of Elysium 3, Dominions 4: Thrones of Ascension to Raspberry Pi. Hyperion Entertainment ported Sin to Linux PowerPC published by Titan Computer and Gorky 17
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ah’ implies leadership. In the past it has been used as a signal for forthcoming sages in the Jewish, Christian and Islamic traditions. Most spiritual practices have some form of this, including Buddhism, whose forthcoming leader is Maitreya. It can be argued that in each of these, the ‘emerging’ figure is the individual who has self-realized, uniting the separated ground between what one perceives to be the highest spiritual order and what one is. This concept is well known in Zen archery, where no space between the arrow and the target exist. (This imagery also works in the conceptual background of the yoga Warrior postures.) That is not to distract from those who really do believe that some historical figure is ‘returning’ to claim dominion over the heavens and earth. I would have to guess this is what Ballew believes, or else she would not have attempted to stop a mother from anointing her son with whatever name she chooses. Following Ballew’s logic, who’s to say this young Messiah is, in fact, not the returning Savior she’s been dreaming of? What if this disembodied soul has ‘chosen’ this baby's body to reincarnate, psychically convincing Jaleesa to title him properly for his descending into Tennessee? Would he then turn his mystical thunderbolt towards Judge Ballew’s house to claim his revenge? I’m partial to Jaleesa’s explanation: she likes the name. It flowed nicely with those of her other two sons. Why complicate something so simple? We can hope it will not be complicated further. Jaleesa Martin has appealed; the case will be heard on September 17. Let’s hope that judge will display a little more integrity for the law, as well as for common sense. - Academic Journal - - Olba Journal. 2021, Vol. 29, p1-24. 24p. - Additional Information Bademağacı İlk Tunç Çağı Yerleşmesi: Çömlekçilik ve Gaga Ağızlı Testiler Üzerine Bazı Değerlendirmeler. Bademağacı Höyük is located 52 km from Antalya on the Antalya-Burdur highway. The new communities that came to the region around 2700 BCE must have chosen this old settlement area, which at that time had become a flat mound / höyük. The settlement of this period, which can be called a town or even a city, is in the shape of an elongated oval or almond that reflects the shape of the mound. The settlement of this period was probably the centre of a 'Local Principality' ruled by a dominant ruler or elite class, and this principality would also have controlled the surrounding area. During the Early Bronze Age II period the settlement megaron-like structures were arranged adjacent to one another in a row on the outermost circle. These houses, which were undoubtedly inhabited, closely resemble each other with only small differences in plan. With the exception of one row of houses on each of the eastern and western sides, building density is low in this half of the mound. In contrast, the southern half of the town has a high building density and most of the buildings are generally in very good condition, which suggests this was probably a neighbourhood inhabited by the elite. In this area there are megarons on the outer ring, and a storage building consisting of rows of adjacent rooms in the inner section. A building complex with an intricate plan uncovered during the excavations in this area indicates the general layout of the Bademağacı EBA II settlement, which was surrounded by rows of adjacent houses, was pre-planned and demonstrates a deliberate attempt to provide protection for the central area. Seventeen rooms of this multi-roomed building thought to have been built for the rulers of the society or palace complex have now been excavated. Among the pottery finds from the EBA II / 3-1 settlement period at Bademağacı, there is a group of several complete vessels that have been studied in detail. This pottery tradition has a rich and sophisticated form repertoire, which reflects a continuation from old to new in terms of the pottery production characteristics and techniques (the paste, shaping of the forms, firing and surface treatments). A large amount of pottery was found in almost all parts of the settlement, and the quality and variety of this pottery differed according to the location of the building within the city. In the megarons of the northern neighbourhood, where the ordinary people are thought to have lived, there were fewer high-quality pottery forms in good condition when compared to the number found in other parts of the settlement. The pottery vessels recovered from around fifty megarons in the settlement that are thought to have been used as residences and from the special buildings or storage rooms, are of the type and variety used to carry out various daily life activities. With the exception of a silver bowl found in the southern neighbourhood of the town, no metal vessels were found. However, the vertical reliefs resembling orange slices on the body sections of some the jug forms and the shape of the neck and rim of some of the beak spouted jugs suggest that these vessels were based on original metal equivalents. While excavations at Bademağacı were still in progress, we identified eight ware groups from the pottery assemblage of the EBA II settlement. Most of the Bademağacı beak spouted jugs are from the Ware 1 pottery group. Beak spouted jugs were also found in the Ware 2, Ware 3, Ware 4 Ware 5 and Ware 6 groups. The examples from Ware 3 and Ware 4 are a very high quality and display careful workmanship. The Ware 4 beak spouted jugs are especially striking and the quality of the paste, the fine rims of the jugs, the standard of the firing and the well burnished glossy surfaces would suggest these could be an imitation of metal jugs. Bademağacı has yielded 186 examples of beak spouted jugs, one of the most common forms among the EBA II pottery. This number makes up approximately 23% of all the pottery material examined and 93% of all the jugs. Most of the beak spouted jugs uncovered in the excavations are whole or almost complete. We have divided this jug repertoire into main form groups and subtypes according to their varying form features. Differences such as the pointed or splayed / shallow spouts of the jugs, the spherical or squat bodies, rounded or flat bases made these distinctions necessary. It is clear that the Bademağacı beak spouted jugs are not dissimilar to the common pottery forms and practices that were fashionable in the Aegean World during the EBA. In this context, it can be assumed that the similarity between the beak spouted jug groups found at Western Anatolian settlements emerged as a result of direct or indirect relations between the centres in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Bademağacı Höyüğü, Antalya-Burdur karayolunun 52. km'sinde yer almaktadır. MÖ 2700 yıllarında, yöreye gelen yeni insan toplulukları, o zamanlarda yayvan bir höyük/tepecik halini almış olan bu eski yerleşim alanını seçmiş olmalıydılar. Bir kasaba, hatta kent denebilecek ölçülerde olan bu yeni yerleşme, höyüğün şekline uygun şekilde, uzun oval / badem biçimindedir. Bu dönem yerleşmesinin bir hakim kişi veya sınıfın egemenliği altındaki bir 'Yerel Beylik' merkezi olduğunu ve bu beyliğin yakın çevreyi de egemenliği altında tuttuğunu tahmin ediyoruz. İlk Tunç Çağı II boyunca yerleşmenin en dış halkasında birbirine bitişik konumda, megaronumsu yapılar bir sıra halinde dizilmişlerdi. İçlerinde halkın oturduğu kuşkusuz olan bu evler, küçük plan farklılıklarıyla birbirine benzemektedir. Yerleşmenin kuzey kesiminde doğu ve batıda birer sıra ev dışında yapılaşma yoğun değildir. Kasabanın güney yarısı ise yapılaşmanın yoğun olduğu, genelde yapıların oldukça sağlam durumda günümüze kaldığı, büyük olasılıkla seçkinlerin yaşamlarını sürdürdüğü bir mahalle gibi düşünülmelidir. Bu kesimde dış halkada megaronlar bulunmakta, iç kesimde birbirine bitişik oda dizilerinden oluşan depo binası yer almaktadır. Yerleşmenin, birbirine yapışık ev dizileriyle çevrilmiş genel planlamasının bilinçli şekilde düşünüldüğü ve ortada kalan kesimin özel olarak korunmaya çalışıldığı anlaşılır. Bir saray veya toplumun yöneticisi olanlar için yapıldığı düşünülen bu Çok Odalı Yapı'nın 17 odası açılmıştır. Bademağacı İTÇ II/3-1 döneminin buluntuları arasında çanak çömlek, onlarca tüm kabın olduğu bir koleksiyondur ve tarafımızdan ayrıntılı olarak öğrenilmiştir. Bu çömlekçilik, yapım özellikleri (çömlekçi hamuru, şekil verme, fırınlama ve yüzey işlemleri) bakımından eskiden yeniye devamlılık gösteren zengin ve gelişkin bir biçim repertuvarı olan bir gelenektir. Yerleşmenin hemen tüm kesimlerinde çok sayıda çanak çömlek ele geçmiştir, bunların niteliği ve çeşitliliği, malzemenin bulunduğu yapının kentin içindeki konumuna göre farklılık göstermektedir. Yerleşmede, konut olarak kullanıldığı düşünülen ve sayıları elli civarındaki megaronlardan ya da özel nitelikli yapı ya da depolardan ele geçen kaplar, günlük yaşamda her türlü gereksinmeyi karşılayacak nitelik ve çeşitliliktedir. Kasabanın güney mahallesinde ele geçen bir gümüş çanak dışında metal kap kacağa rastlanmamıştır. Ancak, bazı testi formlarının gövdelerindeki portakal dilimlerini anımsatan dikey kabartmalar bu tür kapların metal bir orijinden geldiğini düşündürmektedir. Bademağacı İlk Tunç Çağı II yerleşmesinde ele geçen çanak çömlek topluluğunda, kazıların devam ettiği yıllarda tarafımızdan 8 mal grubu saptanmıştı. Bademağacı gaga ağızlıları en çok Mal 1 grubunda örnek vermiştir. Bunun dışında Mal 2, Mal 3, Mal 4 Mal 5 ve Mal 6 gruplarında da gaga ağızlı testiler belirlenmiştir. Mal 3 ve Mal 4 grubuna ait testiler, çok kaliteli ve özenli bir işçiliğe sahiptir. Özellikle Mal 4 türü gaga ağızlıların, hamuruna, çok ince kenarlı yapılması, pişirilmesi ve çok iyi açkılanmış parlak yüzeylerine bakılarak, metal testilerin takliti olabileceği akla gelmektedir. Bademağacı İlk Tunç Çağı II çanak çömleği içerisinde en yaygın görülen formlardan olan gaga ağızlı testiler 186 adet örnek vermiştir. Bu sayı, incelenen tüm malzemenin yaklaşık % 23'ü, tüm testilerin ise % 93'ü oranındadır. Kazılarda ele geçen gaga ağızlıların çoğunluğu tüm ya da tüme yakın kaplardır. Söz konusu testi grubu, gösterdikleri farklı biçimsel özelliklerden dolayı tarafımızdan ana biçim grupları ve alt tiplere ayrılmıştır. Testilerin gagalarının sivri veya yayvan, gövdelerinin küresel ya da basık, diplerinin yuvarlak ya da düz olması gibi farklılıklar bu ayırımı zorunlu kılmıştır. Bademağacı gaga ağızlı testilerinin, Ege Dünyası'nda İlk Tunç Çağı süresince moda olan ortak çömlekçilik uygulamalarına uzak kalmadığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Batı Anadolu yerleşmelerinde ele geçen gaga ağızlı testi grupları arasındaki benzerliğin, bölgede söz konusu merkezler arasındaki doğrudan ya da dolaylı ilişkiler sonucu ortaya çıktığı düşünülebilir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Astronomers made a surprising announcement today: They have found a spiral galaxy that existed very early in the universe — the oldest spiral galaxy ever seen. The galaxy is special because such a well-formed spiral wasn't thought to have existed this early on, when the universe was tumultuous. "As you go back in time to the early universe, galaxies look really strange, clumpy and irregular, not symmetric," Alice Shapley, a UCLA associate professor of physics and astronomy, and co-author of the study, said in statement. "The vast majority of old galaxies look like train wrecks. Our first thought was, why is this one so different, and so beautiful?" The galaxy, which has been named BX442, was observed using the Hubble Space Telescope as it existed 3 billion years after the Big Bang. Think about that: It means the light from that part of the universe took 10.7 billion years to get here. But back to that big central question. Why does this "grand design" galaxy — with its well-formed spiral arms — exist? In its press release, UCLA reports: "[David Law, lead author of the study] and Shapley think the answer may have to do with a companion dwarf galaxy, which the OSIRIS spectrograph reveals as a blob in the upper left portion of the image, and the gravitational interaction between them. Support for this idea is provided by a numerical simulation conducted by Charlotte Christensen, a postdoctoral scholar at the University of Arizona and a co-author of the research in Nature. Eventually the small galaxy is likely to merge into BX442, Shapley said. "'BX442 looks like a nearby galaxy, but in the early universe, galaxies were colliding together much more frequently,' she said. 'Gas was raining in from the intergalactic medium and feeding stars that were being formed at a much more rapid rate than they are today; black holes grew at a much more rapid rate as well. The universe today is boring compared to this early time.'" The findings are published in the July 19 issue of the journal Nature. Update at 6:20 p.m. ET. Why A Rendering: Some of you may be wondering why we needed to use a rendering, instead of the actual image of the galaxy. The answer is that at that distance this is the image you get from Hubble: And even that image is a false color composite. When the astronomers got the images from Hubble, they explain that they thought the spiral was an illusion. So they went to the W.M. Keck Observatory atop Hawaii's Mauna Kea volcano to make more observations. Using a special instrument they determined BX442 was really a rotating spiral. University of Denver Prof. Cullen Hendrix Documentary Video / Films Since the dawn of agriculture (~7000 BCE), but rapidly accelerating in the industrial age (1750 CE to the present), humanity has conducted an uncontrolled experiment in bending the natural environment to fit human needs and desires. Despite the perceived distance that technology has placed between our physical environments and our daily lives, human interactions with our natural environment are still fundamental – and set to be disrupted by climate change, one of the most vexing issues of our time. It poses a wicked problem: a socio/cultural problem that is seemingly impossible to solve due to incomplete knowledge, the number of people and opinions involved, the large changes required, and the linked nature of the problem with other major social issues and problems. Since the end of the Cold War, much attention has been paid to the role of natural resources and environmental scarcity as a potential source of conflict, ranging from “water wars” between states sharing a common river basin to communal conflict between pastoralists and farmers in the Sahel and even the Syrian Civil War. This course will survey the impacts of climate change on livelihoods and human security, evaluate the expanding literature on environmental impacts on conflict, and address the emerging role of environmental stressors and climate change as US national security issues. تونی کروس که دو روز پیش، تمدید قراردادش از سوی باشگاه رئال مادرید تایید شده بود، امروز روبروی خبرنگاران نشست و پاسخگوی سوالاتشان شد. کروس تا ۲۰۲۲ تمدید کرده و سالانه ۱۵ میلیون یورو خالص از رئال دریافت خواهد کرد که در میان فوتبالیست های آلمانی بالاترین رقم است. در ابتدا امیلیو بوتراگنیو، مدیر ارتباطات رئال مادرید ضمن تمجید از کروس، یادآوری کرد که دو سال و سه ماه پیش این بازیکن پس از فتح جام جهانی با رئال قراردادی امضا کرد و حالا او یک لیگ قهرمانان با رئال را نیز در کارنامه افتخارات خود
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منظم فقط در مورد جستجوی بهتر نیست. این صرفا یک مزیت جانبی است. حرکت در مورد احساس بهتر است. ما حیوانات فیزیکی هستیم و ورزش روزانه برای سلامتی ما ضروری است. در نسل های گذشته افراد روزها با فعالیت بدنی پر شده بودند، اما امروز ما باید راهی برای جابجایی در زندگی مان پیدا کنیم. پدر و مادر و پدربزرگ و مادربزرگ ما باید به طور مرتب راه رفتن و انجام بسیاری از وظایف فیزیکی دیگر را از طریق روزهای خود انجام دهند. اما در حال حاضر ما در پایین ترین زمان ما نشسته ایم و تمرین اصلی ما فشار دادن دکمه ها است. در بسیاری از ساختمانها ما حتی نمیتوانیم از عضلات ما برای باز کردن دربها یا صعود از پلهها استفاده کنیم، اگر میخواهیم: درهای باز به همان شکلی که جادو میشوند، و آسانسورها تنها راه در طبقه بالا هستند. در دنیایی که ما می توانیم همه چیز را از خرید به چیدن جارو برداریم - نشستن، ما باید زمان را به حرکت در آوریم. نتيجه عدم فعاليت به صورت خشونت آميز است اگر ما این کار را نکنیم، عواقب آن کاملا واضح است. عدم فعالیت یک متخصص مرکز قلب آمریکا است: بیماری قلبی، برخی از سرطانها، سکته مغزی، فشار خون بالا، دیابت و پوکی استخوان. و نقش مهمی در تعدادی از دیگر مشکلات بهداشت عمومی، از درد پشت و افسردگی ایفا می کند. ورزش منظم می تواند خطر ابتلا به این بیماری ها را کاهش دهد و برای برخی از این شرایط، ورزش نه تنها مانع پیشرفت بیماری یا تاخیر در آن می شود، بلکه می تواند بیماری را معکوس کند - که اغلب بیشتر از داروها یا جراحی بیشتر ایمن و موثر است. "اگر ورزش می تواند به یک قرص بسته بندی شود،" خلاصه گزارش از موسسه ملی پیری، "این خواهد بود تنها ترین دارو به طور گسترده تجویز شده و مفید در کشور است." با تصویب Harmony، یک بخش از Random House، Inc. Copyright 2000، 2009 توسط کارول Krucoff و میچل Krucoff، MD همه حقوق محفوظ است. هیچ بخشی از این گزیده نمیتواند تکثیر شود یا بدون مجوز از ناشر مجددا چاپ شده است. منبع مقاله بهبود حرکات: چگونه برای درمان، رهایی، و جلوگیری از بیماری های رایج با ورزش توسط کارول و میچل کروفیف. این که آیا شما از سردرد رنج می برید و یا با شرایط حادتر مانند دیابت، آرتریت یا بیماری های قلبی مواجه می شوید، در اینجا یک کتاب است که در نهایت می تواند جایگزین ایمن، موثر و ارزان برای داروها باشد. تحقیقات پیشگامانه نشان می دهد که جنبش ساده به نفع عمیق است و می تواند به جلوگیری، تسکین و گاهی اوقات حتی درمان انواع بیماری ها کمک کند. این علم غربی بر اساس علم غربی است، اما درک مفاهیم شرقی از شفا، این کار پیشگامانه، برنامه های ورزشی را برای طیف وسیعی از مشکلات سلامتی ارائه می دهد. اطلاعات / سفارش این کتاب. همچنین به عنوان یک نسخه روشن شدن در دسترس است. درباره نویسنده کارول کروفیف روزنامه نگار برنده جایزه و کارشناس تناسب اندام است. او به عنوان سردبیر نشریه بخش سلامت واشنگتن پست، که در آن به عنوان خبرنگار و سردبیر برای سالهای 10 کار می کرد، و ستون سندیکا آن، "Bodyworks"، در روزنامه های سراسر کشور از 1988 به 2000 اجرا شد. در حال حاضر یکی از سردبیران و مقاله نویس مجله یوگا، او برای نشریات ملی متعددی نوشته است و مقالات او در The New York Times، Digest Reader و Health منتشر شده است. جلوگیری میچل W. Krucoff، MD، استاد پزشکی / قلب و عروق در مرکز پزشکی دانشگاه دوک است و در سطح بین المللی برای تحقیقات پیشگام در زمینه های مختلف از جمله: درمان مکمل در بیماران مبتلا به بیماری های قلبی، نظارت بر قلب کامپیوتر و روش های جدید عروق کرونر میچل ویراستار ارشد مجله پزشکی جایگزین و مکمل و مدیا در مجله مجله Alternatives Therapies در بهداشت و پزشکی است. او همچنین مدیر پروژه تحقیقاتی MANTRA است که بررسی تأثیرات درمان های نشانه شناخته شده از جمله نماز مصون، موزیک، تصویر و درمان لمسی در بیماران مبتلا به بیماری های قلبی است. کتاب های مرتبط {amazonWS: searchindex = کتابها؛ کلمات کلیدی = کارول کروفیف؛ maxresults = 3} Beat It è un brano scritto e interpretato da Michael Jackson e prodotto da quest’ultimo insieme a Quincy Jones; incluso nell’album Thriller (1982), fu pubblicato il 14 febbraio 1983 come terzo singolo tratto dall’LP, dopo The Girl Is Mine e Billie Jean. Il video del brano è uno spot contro la droga. Caratterizzata da un arrangiamento ritmico, curato da Michael Jackson e da Quincy Jones, in stile hard rock, vede alla chitarra ritmica e al basso la presenza di Steve Lukather dei Toto, con un assolo suonato di Eddie van Halen. Il videoclip diretto da Bob Giraldi, si apre in una sala da biliardo, dalla quale i due leader di gang rivali escono e si fronteggiano, coltelli alla mano, assieme ai membri delle loro bande. Jackson fa il suo ingresso e guida le due gang in un ballo a suon di musica. 镰仓幕府在哪里?创建年份是1192年还是1180年?历史 旅游 文化 社会 鹤冈八幡宫是镰仓的地标建筑。大殿高高在上,傲视着殿前那条延伸到海边、长达两公里的参拜道路——若宫大路。雄伟的大殿的确适合作为武家社会的精神支柱,但八幡宫并非现实中开展政治活动的场所。 源赖朝率领东国(古代地理名词,指关东地方、东海地方——译注)武士团进入镰仓后,选择了在鹤冈八幡宫东侧后方一处名为大仓的隐蔽之地建造幕府。因此,镰仓幕府又名“大仓幕府”。如今,那里除了一块立在清泉小学校区的遗址石碑,就只剩下一个地名——“西御门”,它提醒着人们当时这里曾有过东、南、西、北四座大门。 据镰仓历史文化交流馆工作人员介绍,因为出土物等证据不足,只能根据口耳相传的信息推测当时的镰仓幕府长、宽各为两百多米。该馆学艺员(在博物馆等公共文化设施从事专门职位的工作人员——译注)大泽泉称:“在现遗址东边相邻区域挖掘出了房屋遗迹,因此,也有学者认为镰仓幕府的御所(此处特指将军府邸——译注)应再往东延展一点儿。”无论哪种说法都表明当时镰仓幕府的空间较为紧凑。据镰仓时代史书《吾妻镜》记载,建造将军御所时,镰仓幕府一共聚集了311名武士。 建在大仓的幕府仅经历了源赖朝至源实朝的源氏三代将军及北条义时、“尼将军”北条政子时期。第三代执权(镰仓时代辅佐将军的执政官——译注)北条泰时上台后,幕府就被搬到了其他地方。 “1192”——让一代人深信不疑的创建年份 笔者这代人上学时,学校教的是镰仓幕府创建于1192年,并取年份日语发音的谐音“(打造一个)好国家”来记忆。按笔者的理解,“源赖朝在坛之浦打败平家,1192年成为征夷大将军并创建了镰仓幕府”。可是,令人费解的是,镰仓幕府遗址存在感过低,与其作为正统政权的形象不相匹配。 于是,笔者重新查阅史实,发现源赖朝早在12年前,即1180年就已经建造了大仓幕府。当时,富士川之战爆发,源赖朝身处与平家的酣战之中。战乱至少持续了五年,一直到1185年的坛之浦之战。 在这样的情况下,除了将军御所,光设置掌管军务的侍所就已倾尽全力了。在交战之际,侍所别当(即侍所长官)作为“军奉行”发挥总指挥的功能,因此,当时的幕府更接近于战营。而后,镰仓幕府花费了12年的时间,设立了问注所(处理土地问题诉讼)和政所(掌管财政事务)等,完善了幕府的统治功能。 源平合战期间,东国的武士们身处各自的领地,时刻准备应召前往镰仓。大泽泉解释称,“当时,将军的直属家臣往返于各自领地和镰仓之间,并不是一直待在幕府”,故而并不一定需要大住宅和大片用地。 镰仓幕府创建过程 |1180年||源赖朝举兵,进入镰仓,创建大仓幕府,设置侍所(即1180年创建说)| |富士川之战| |1184年||设置问注所、公文所| |1185年||平家在坛之浦之战中灭亡| |设置守护(负责维持治安——译注)、地头(负责土地管理和年贡征收等事务——译注)(即1185年创建说)| |1189年||逃至奥州的源义经被逼自杀| |1192年||源赖朝被任命为征夷大将军(即1192年创建说)| |设置政所| |1199年||源赖朝骤然离世| 对于将源赖朝被任命为征夷大将军的1192年作为创建幕府的年份,东京大学史料编纂所本乡和人教授提出了质疑。他在著作《北条氏的时代》(文春新书)中指出,1192年是“朝廷承认源赖朝为东国‘老大’的年份,其主体是朝廷”。 本乡教授主张1180年创建说,他认为源赖朝始终没有按照朝廷所希望的那样行事,而是努力建立一个“由武士组成的,保护武士利益的集团”。乱世之中,尚未完全掌控政权的源赖朝所建的幕府规模虽然很小,但树立武家政权这一行为本身很有意义。 在被流放伊豆国(今伊豆半岛和伊豆诸岛——译注)20年后,源赖朝举兵创建了幕府。但没过多久,1199年,53岁的他就因落马负伤而离世。有人认为那是一起单纯的事故,也有人抛开真伪,认为那是恶灵作祟的结果。源赖朝掌权时间短暂,却还出现了这样的传闻,在他治下,社会究竟是怎样一番光景呢?笔者将在下一篇文章中展开。 标题图片:大仓幕府遗址石碑(笔者拍摄) ●交通方式 - 大仓幕府遗址石碑:搭乘从镰仓站开往镰仓宫方向的京滨急行巴士等,在“歧路”站下车,徒步1分钟即可抵达立在清泉小学校区的遗址石碑处 - 鹤冈八幡宫:从JR镰仓站东口徒步约15分钟即可抵达 - 源赖朝之墓:从大仓幕府遗址石碑往北登上约150米的小山冈即到 版权声明:本网站的所有文字内容及图表图片,nippon.com日本网版权所有。未经事先授权,禁止任何形式的转载或部分复制使用。 Is there a link between not taking a vacation and depression? A new study by Ipsos Public Affairs and Allianz Global Assistance identified “Vacation Deficit Disorder” through a Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), a clinically validated screening questionnaire that tests likely levels of depression. A vacation deficit is defined as “Americans who think that an annual vacation is important, but who are not confident that they will take one this year.” Vacation Deficit Disorder is the relationship between a lack of vacation and depression. Results showed that almost one-third of Americans with a vacation deficit demonstrate symptoms of mild to moderate depression. Twelve percent would be considered to be suffering signs of moderately severe to severe depression. And individuals identified as displaying signs of moderately severe or severe depression are significantly less likely to have taken a vacation in the past two years, and are less likely to take a vacation in 2018. “While we have long known that Americans underutilize their vacation time, this shows the real consequences this can have for their health and well-being,” said Daniel Durazo, director of communications at Allianz Global Assistance USA. “While this research shows a relationship between the lack of vacation and signs of clinical depression, more comprehensive work is needed to fully understand the long-term effects of not taking a vacation on the mental health of Americans.” Will Americans who need a vacation get one? Allianz’s Vacation Confidence Index found that, among the 58 percent of Americans who say it’s important that they take a vacation every year, 67 percent are confident that they will get one. This leaves 21 percent of Americans who find annual vacations important but are not confident that they will be able to take one in the next 12 months, a number that is unchanged since the survey was administered last year. The Vacation Confidence Survey found that an annual vacation is very important to 40 percent of those showing signs of moderately severe to severe depression and is important to 31 percent of the general population. Those suffering from depression had lower levels of confidence that they would take a vacation this year. Twenty-four percent were confident that they would take one versus 32 percent of the general population, who said they were confident they would take a vacation. Of those suffering from depression, 39 percent said that they typically get a summer vacation in comparison to the national average of 46 percent. Sixty-two percent of those suffering from depression did not take a summer vacation in 2017 compared to the national average of 47 percent and 56 percent of those with depression have not taken a vacation for more than two years as compared to 38 percent of the general population. When it comes to the confidence that they will take a vacation at some point in 2018, just 23 percent of those with depression believed they would compared to a national average of 35 percent. The Vacation Confidence Index has been conducted each summer since 2010 by national polling firm Ipsos Public Affairs on behalf of Allianz Global Assistance USA. Dağlık Karabağ'da yaşananlardan gelen coşkuyla geçen ilk günlerden sonra, bazı Türk medyası ve okurları tabiri caizse daha dengeli bir pozisyona doğru bir kurs aldı. Türk siyasetçiler ve üst düzey askeri yetkililer, “Azerbaycan'ın Karabağ'ı işgalden kurtararak kazandığını” ve bölgede “Türk barışı koruma birliği” olacağını açıklarken, Türk medyasında oldukça şüpheci materyaller yer alıyor. Özellikle Dağlık Karabağ'daki Rus barış güçlerinin sütunlarının "arka arkaya ikinci gün görülebildiği, ancak burada Türk ordusunun sütunlarının görünmediği" belirtiliyor. Erdoğan'ın açıklamasında, "ateşkesin uygulanmasının, barışın gözetilmesinin ve Azerbaycan topraklarının işgal edilmesine ilişkin anlaşmaların uygulanmasının izlenmesini sağlayacak" bir "Türk-Rus ortak karargahı" oluşturulacağına işaret ettiğini hatırlayın. Daha önce İlham Aliyev barışı koruma görevinin Rus-Türk olacağını da belirtti. Bu bağlamda, birkaç varsayım yapılmaktadır. Cumhurbaşkanı Recep Tayyip Erdoğan'ın "halkı burnundan yönetiyor olabileceği" gerçeğiyle ilgili. Dağlık Karabağ'da Türk "barış güçlerinin" varlığından söz edilmeyen anlaşma belgesi verildi. Türk muhabirlerin ikinci varsayımı, Türk askerlerinin anlaşmadan önce Azerbaycan'da olduğu ve şimdi bir "barışı koruma birliğine" dönüşecekleri gerçeğiyle ilgilidir. Bir gün önce Savunma Bakanı Hulusi Akar'ın Azerbaycan'da Türk askeri danışmanlarının varlığına ilişkin verileri fiilen doğruladığı belirtilmelidir. Türk medyası okuyucuları bu haberlere nasıl tepki veriyor? Birkaç yorum: Karabağ'da Rus ordusunun sütunları görünürken, Türk ordusunun sütunları nedense görünmüyor
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ناحوشایند یا احتمال وارد شدن به چنین شرایطی تعریف می کند (به نقل از عسگری زاده و همکاران، ۱۳۹۶). فرهنگ لغت انگلیسی اکسفورد[۳] (۱۹۸۹) ریسک را شانس خطر، پیامدهای بد و خسارت تعریف کرده است. ریسک عدم اطمینان از ورود خسارت است. در یک تعریف آغازین ریسک به احتمال به وجود آمدن آسیب و صدمه از یک خطر گفته می شود. به شانس یا احتمال این که کسی از خطر آسیب ببیند یا اموالی دچار صدمه گردد، اطلاق می شود. رانندگی در جاده یا راه رفتن روی زمین روغنی، بلند کردن بار و احتمال آسیب دیدن ستون فقرات یا کارکردن روی یک داربست در ارتفاع، همگی ریسک محسوب می شوند. ریسک ترکیب یا تابعی از احتمال و پیامدهای ناشی از وقوع یک اتفاق مشخص است (به نقل از حبیبی، ۱۳۹۱). مفهوم ریسک به منزلۀ احتمال خطر و ارزیابی نتایج منفیِ حاکی از یک رویداد است (عسگری زاده و همکاران، ۱۳۹۶). ویلیام فاین[۴] ریسک را تابعی از احتمال وقوع خطر و پیامدهای ناشی از آن و میزان تماس با خطر می داند (به نقل از کاکانی و همکاران، ۱۳۹۶). برخی ریسک را همان خطر یا خطر احتمالی تصور می کنند. زیرا آن را احتمال وقوع حادثه ای غیر منتطره و احتمال رخ دادن ضرر یا فاجعه تعریف می کنند، چیزی که به منزلۀ خطری بالقوه، احتمال وقوع دارد یا چیزی که احتمال رخ دادن ضرر یا فاجعه را دارد، اما نمی خواهید اتفاق بیفتد (راعی و سعیدی، ۱۳۹۶: ۴۴-۴۸). از این منظر ریسک، خطری است بالقوه و خطر احتمالی که در صورت وقوع آسیب و صدمه می زند. این دیدگاه به تعبیر گیدنز (۱۹۹۹)، تفاوتی بین ریسک، خطر و اتفاق قائل نیست. به طوری که ریسک آمیزه ای از احتمال خطر، احتمال رخ دادن یک رویداد با عواقب بد و زیان بار، احتمال قرار گرفتن در معرض آسیب و شدت زیان و آسیبی است که می تواند اتفاق افتد. این دیدگاه، صرفاً از منظر عینی و فنی منهای ارزیابی ها، تحلیل ها و تفسیر های اجتماعی به موضوع ریسک می نگرد. گویی ریسک پدیده ای تهی از ملاحظات و پویش های اجتماعی و فرهنگی است (بریکول، ۱۳۹۳: ۶-۵). گویی ریسک پدیده ای است منهای تعابیر، تفاسیر و ادراکات انسانی و منهای کنشِ کنشگران اجتماعی. در گذشته و دوران سنت (عصر پیشامدرن) مانند قرون وسطی، اجتماعات بشری وابسته به طبیعت و مبتنی بر کشاورزی و دامداری بودند و ساختار روستایی و قبیله ای داشتند. در آن عصر خطرات از طبیعت نشأت می گرفت. طبیعت بر بشر تسلط داشت. سکونت، کوچ و امنیت افراد همگی تابع طبیعت بود. در آن دوره حوادثی نظیر قحطی، خشکسالی، سیل، زلزله و بیماری های همه گیر مانند سل، طاعون، وبا و جذام اجتماعات سنتی را تهدید می کردند. زندگی بی رحم، خشن، و کوتاه بود. مردم با پدیده هایی که ما امروز ریسک می نامیم روبرو بودند. زندگی همیشه خطرناک و پُرحادثه بوده است. در گذشته به مانند امروز خطر و حادثه وجود داشته است، اما آدمیان آن ها را به نیروهای ناشناخته و ماورایی مانند تقدیر، خدایان، بخت، اقبال، ارواح، جادو و شیاطین نسبت می دادند. اگر سیل می آمد، خدای آسمان غضب کرده است. زمین لرزه می آمد، می گفتند زمین نگران و خشمگین است یا ناشی از غضب الهی یا کار ارواح مزاحم و یا عقوبت ناشی از گناهان است (عنبری، ۱۳۹۳: ۱۴۷- ۱۴۶). در دوره سنت و تمدن های قدیمی از جمله تمدن روم یا چین، آدمی قادر به مقابله با فجایع طبیعی نبود و قدرت محاسبه و کنترل آن ها را نداشت. به طوری که مواجهه با خطرات و حوادث را فراتر از توان خود می دید. بنابر این در فرهنگ های سنتی چیزی یا مفهومی از آینده و ریسک نمی توانست وجود داشته باشد، آینده در دنیای سنتی قلمرو زمانی جداگانه ای ندارد، آینده به گذشته شباهت دارد (همان، ۱۴۷؛ گیدنز، ۱۳۹۵: ۵۵). ریسک صرفاً به معنی خطر یا خطر احتمالی نیست، بلکه به خطر احتمالی و بالقوه ای اشاره دارد که احتمال وقوعش در آینده مورد محاسبه قرار می گیرد (همان : ۵۵). ریسک مفهومی است که در دلش مفاهیم خطر[۵] (قدرت آسیب زدن) و خطر احتمالی[۶] (احتمال حادثه نامطلوب و آسیب زننده) نهفته است. اما ریسک بیش از این دو مفهوم است و آن محاسبه پذیری خطر (محاسبه پذیری قدرت آسیب زدن) و محاسبه پذیری خطر احتمالی (محاسبه پذیری احتمال وقوع حادثه نامطلوب) در آینده است. مفهوم ریسک در جامعه ای شکل می گیرد و گسترش می یابد که رو به سوی آینده دارد. جامعه ای فعال که مدام در تلاش است از گذشته فاصله بگیرد و آینده را قابل پیش بینی کرده و به تسخیر خود درآورد (همان:۵۵). از قرن ۱۶ و ۱۷ در مغرب زمین جامعه ای آغازیدن گرفت که تسلط بر طبیعت را دستور کار خویش قرار می دهد و ساختن آینده از خصائص آن به شمار می رود. جامعه ای که عدم قطعیت ها را شناخت پذیر (محاسبه پذیر) و عینی و خارجی تلقی کرده و بر این باور بود که می تواند خطرات و تهدیدها را با اطمینان، کنترل و مهار کند (گیدنز، ۱۳۷۹ :۵۱). «اولریش بِک» به این جامعه که از قرن ۱۶ و ۱۷ سر برآورده و به توسعه خود تا اواخر قرن ۲۰ ادامه داده است، جامعه صنعتی کلاسیک (مدرنیته اول) اطلاق می کند (بِک، ۱۳۹۷ : ۲۹- ۱۴). به نظر می آید مفهوم ریسک از قرن ۱۶ و ۱۷ از هنگامی که دریانوردان و کاشفان غربی سفرهای خود را به سراسر جهان گسترش دادند، شکل گرفته باشد. کلمۀ ریسک از طریق زبان اسپانیایی یا پرتغالی وارد زبان انگلیسی شد و برای اشاره به دریانوردی در آب های ناشناخته به کار می رفته است. به بیان دیگر تعریف اولیه ریسک با مفهوم فضای فیزیکی در ارتباط بود. ریسک بعدها در تجارت و بازرگانی، بانکداری، و سرمایه گذاری مورد استفاده قرار گرفت و با زمان و محاسبه زمان آینده مرتبط شد (دنی، ۱۳۹۳ : ۶-۵). بنابر این ریسک در جامعه ای ظهور کرد که به کنترل آینده نظر دارد و این مهم ترین رویداد تاریخ تمدن است (گیدنز، ۱۳۷۹: ۵۲). مفهوم ریسک از آغاز شکل گیری با ظهور مفهوم بیمه همراه و عجین بوده است. بیمه نقطه اتکایی است که مردم با در نظر گرفتن آن ریسک را می پذیرند. اولین بیمه نامه های دریایی در قرن ۱۶ میلادی صادر شدند. اولین ریسک مربوط به فعالیت های خارج از کشور بریتانیا را شرکت لویدز[۷] در سال ۱۷۸۲ تضمین کرد (گیدنز، ۱۳۷۹: ۵۵-۵۴). رشد ارزیابی ریسک ها و برآورد خطرات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و صنعتی جهت کاهش و مهار آن ها از میانه قرن ۱۹ با محاسبه و اعمال بیمه های کشتی رانی و آتش سوزی، بیمه های زندگی و عمر، سرمایه گذاری، بانکداری، کسب و کار و تجارت شتاب بیشتری گرفت و در قرن ۲۰ در قالب صنعت بیمه فراگیر شد (زلیزر[۸]: ۱۹۸۷: ۶۱۰-۵۹۱). از نیمه دوم قرن ۲۰ در دنیای غرب، دولت رفاه که نوعی نظام فراگیر بیمه است و سابقه شکل گیری آن به عصر ویکتوریایی بر می گردد، به عنوان نظام مدیریت ریسک شکل گرفت. دولت رفاه برای آن طراحی شد که افراد جامعه را در مقابل بیماری، معلولیت، از دست دادن شغل و پیری محافظت کند (گیدنز، ۱۳۹۵ : ۵۷). شهروندانِ دولت های رفاه با اطمینان بالا به محاسبات و عملکرد ریسک های بیمه های اجتماعی و اقتصادی و همین طور استانداردهای فنی مربوط به ریسک های محیط زیستی می نگریستند. از ۳۰ الی ۴۰ سال پیش به این سو با وقوع حوادث غیر قابل پیش بینی مانند واقعه انفجار نیروگاه اتمی چرنوبیل (۱۹۸۶)، سونامی دریایی ناشی از زلزلۀ ۹ ریشتری در ژاپن و وارد شدن آسیب جدی به راکتور نیروگاه اتمی فوکوشیما (۲۰۱۱)، بازگشت بیماری ابولا در افریقا (۲۰۱۴ و ۲۰۱۵)، آتش سوزی جنگل های آمازون و تخریب هزاران هکتار از تنفس گاه زمین در برزیل (۲۰۱۹)، پاندمی کرونا از اواخر سال ۲۰۱۹ به این سو و صدها حادثه غیر مترقبه دیگر در سراسر جهان، معنا و مفهوم ریسک ابعاد تازه تری به خود گرفت. ریسک هایی که تا پیش از این به عنوان عدم قطعیت های قابل شناخت و پیشگیری و قابل مهار به نظر می رسیدند، از چنگ محاسبه پذیری و کنترل بشر خارج شدند و به شکل فجایع جبران ناپدیر آشکار گردیدند. ریسک هایی که تا پیش از وقوع در حیطۀ ابهام، عدم قطعیت های ناشناخته و ناپیدایی قرار داشتند (بِک،۱۳۹۷ : ۱۴۶-۱۴۳). بدین سان جامعه بشری وارد عصر ریسک ها و عدم قطعیت های ناشناخته و ناخواسته ای گردیده است که بسیاری از آن ها نه تنها با دانش فنی و مهندسی، قابل شناسایی، محاسبه و کنترل نیست، بلکه از دانش و فنون صنعتی نشأت می گیرند. ریسک های بشر ساخته ای که ریشه در قریب دویست سال روند رشد شتابان علم و تکنولوژی، تشدید توسعه صنعتی و دخالت افسار گسیخته بشر بر طبیعت و محیط طبیعی دارد. ریسک های برساختی که جای ریسک های محاسباتی[۹] را می گیرند و آکنده از عدم قطعیت های پنهان و نامرئی و غیر قابل پیش بینی هستند (توسلی و ودادهیر، ۱۳۸۷: ۲۸- ۲۶ ؛ کمشال[۱۰]، ۱۳۹۱: ۳۲). عدم قطعیت هایی که به وسیله رشد فن آوری و فعالیت های انسان ها برساخت می شوند و به محاسبه و کنترل در نمی آیند. برساخت کنندگانِ ریسک هایی که از نتایج عملکردشان و عاقبت فعالیت های شان، ادراک و فهم روشنی ندارند. ریسک هایی که از قوۀ شناخت و محاسبه آدمی می گریزند، دیگر عوارض جانبی و غیر قابل کنترل صنعتی شدن نیستند، بلکه به خصلت کانونی جامعه مدرن در آمده اند. جامعه ای که اولریش بِک آن را جامعه ریسک (دنی، ۱۳۹۳: ۳۲) و گیدنز آن را مدرنیته متأخر[۱۱] (همان: ۴۰) نام نهاده اند. جامعه ای که هر چند غوطه ور در ریسک های تولید شده[۱۲] یا عدم قطعیت های تولید شده و خود ساخته است، اما ممکن است قادر باشد با بازاندیشی و ارزیابی مجدد و فعال، آن ها را به حیطه شناخت، آگاهی، بازآگاهی و ادراک و کنترل در آوَرد (بِک، ۱۳۹۷: ۳۱۱). جامعه ای که بیش از هر چیز نیازمند فرهنگ بازاندیشی و خرد معطوف به ریسک در شیوۀ زندگی و گفتمان مخاطره است. به نظر بِک، بشریت مدرن به نوسازی بازتابی[۱۳] پا گذاشته است. نوسازی بازتابی که دو خصلت بازتابش انفعالی و بازتابش فعال را توأمان دارد (بِک، ۱۳۹۵: ۴۴-۴۱). در گفتمان ریسک و مدرنیته بازاندیشانه[۱۴]، خِرَد محاسباتیِ علمی یکسره به کنار نهاده نمی شود، بلکه خِرَد ادراکیِ مردمی (خِرَد اجتماعی و توافقی) می تواند در پیوند با آن قرار گیرد و فعالانه در جهت بازنگری رابطۀ انسان و طبیعت به کار آید و با کنش معطوف به ریسک در مسیر آشکارسازی و کنترل هر چه بیشتر عدم قطعیت های ناشناخته و ناخواسته، پیش از وقوع فجایع محیطی و زیست محیطی گام بر دارد (بِک،۱۹۹۶). در جامعه ریسک، مفهوم ریسکِ برساختی (عدم قطعیت های ناشناخته و ناپیدای حاصل از فعالیت های صنعتی انسان) با مفهوم مدرن سازی بازاندیشانه (مدرن سازی مدرنیزاسیون) گره خورده است. به طوری که «بِک» ریسک را روشی نطام مند برای رویارویی با خطرات و ناامنی هایی تعریف می کند که به وسیلۀ خود مدرن سازی تولید و رایج شده است، ریسک های پنهانی که می توانند خصلت بازاندیشانه پیدا کنند به طوری که از خصلت بازتابش انفعالی، رها شوند و پیش از وقوع به ادراک و بازتابش فعال درآیند و با کنش مسئولانۀ دولت ها و شهروندان مهار و کنترل شوند (بِک، ۱۳۹۷ :۴۸). از این منظر، ریسک، صرفاً به معنای خطر و عدم قطعیت های شناخته شده نیست که احتمال وقوع و شدت آسیب هایش قابل برآورد و کنترل باشد، بلکه بسیاری از ریسک ها، وارد محدوده عدم قطعیت های ناشناخته، ناخواسته و پنهان شده اند و از دست یقین محاسباتی و عدد و رقم می گریزند و به صورت فجایع ناگهانیِ محیطی و زیست محیطی آشکار می شوند، اما با بازاندیشی در برداشت ها و بازنگری در کنش ها و تغییر در سبک زندگی می توان ریسک های برساختی را شناخت و به کنترل و کاهش در آورد. با این حال هر چقدر هم سعی شود ریسک ها به حیطه آگاهی بازاندیشانه[۱۵] درآیند، اما برخی از آن ها از چنگ آگاهی می گریزند و ممکن است ناشناخته باقی بمانند و به فجایع فراگیر مبدل شوند (بِک،۱۳۹۷ : ۵۰). از نظر گیدنز در جامعه متأخر، ریسک های تولید شده (عدم قطعیت های برساختی)، محیط های ریسک بشری هستند که به واسطۀ تغییرات به وجود آمده در محیط و طبیعت، ناشی از پیشرفت دانش و فن آوری به وسیلۀ انسان تولید می شوند (گیدنز، ۱۳۷۹: ۵۶) و می توان آن ها را با بازاندیشی و تشدید آینده نگری به ادراک و کنترل و مهار درآورد. ابزارهای مفهومی که بِک و گیدنز برای فهم جامعه ریسک (مدرنیزاسیون متأخر[۱۶]) به کار می برند، مانند عدم قطعیت های ناشناخته، عدم قطعیت های تولید شده و بازتابش فعال توانسته است کانون هنجاری و مطالعاتی ریسک را از ریسک های خارجی (ریسک های محاسباتی و عینی) به سوی ریسک های برساختی و ادراک اجتماعیِ آن ها، قضاوت های استهفامی جامعه و نحوه واکنش های اجتماعی در مواجهه با آن ها هم سوق دهد (ِبک، ۱۹۹۲؛ بک، گیدنز و لش، ۱۹۹۴). این که مردم و گروه های اجتماعی و دولت ها چه ادراک و ارزیابی ذهنی از ریسک های محیطی دارند؟ و چگونه نسبت به آن ها واکنش نشان دهند؟ می تواند در افزایش یا کاهش و کم و کیف خطرات واقعی سهم و نقش اساسی ایفا کند. بنابر این بِک و گیدنز توجه ما را در کنار ریسک های فنی و محاسباتی به سوی ادراک و فهم اجتماعی از ریسک های برساختی و ضرورت باز
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çıkarken uyku kalitesinin nasıl etkilendiğine ve stresle başa çıkmak için yapabileceğiniz şeylere bakacağız. Stres hormonlarının artması, fiziksel olarak uyanık kalmamıza neden olabilir. Stresli olduğumuzda, vücudumuz kendini tetikte hisseder ve uykuya dalma zorlaşır. Ayrıca, stresli durumlarda genellikle beyin aktif kalır ve bu da uykusuzluğa veya yetersiz uyku kalitesine neden olabilir. Yeterli kaliteli uyku almadığımızda, gün içinde daha az enerjik ve üretken hissedebiliriz ve uzun vadede sağlık sorunlarına yol açabilir. Stresle başa çıkmak için bazı teknikler uygulayarak uyku kalitenizi artırabilirsiniz: 1. Meditasyon: Meditasyon stres seviyelerini azaltmaya, gevşemeye ve uyku kalitesini artırmaya yardımcı olabilir. 2. Egzersiz: Düzenli egzersiz, stres hormonlarını azaltmaya yardımcı olabilir ve uykunuzu iyileştirebilir. 3. Beslenme: Doğru beslenme stresle mücadelede çok önemlidir. Stresli zamanlarda sağlıklı ve dengeli bir diyet takip etmek, vücudunuzun ihtiyacı olan besinleri almasına yardımcı olabilir. 4. Hobi edinmek: Sevdiğiniz bir aktiviteye düzenli olarak zaman ayırarak, zihninizi rahatlatabilirsiniz. Bu da uyku kalitenizi artırabilir. 5. Gevşeme teknikleri: Yoga, derin nefes egzersizleri veya ilgi çekici bir kitap okuyarak gevşeme tekniklerini uygulayabilirsiniz. Sonuç olarak, stresin uyku kalitesini nasıl etkilediği göz ardı edilemez. Stresle başa çıkmanın yollarını öğrenerek, uyku kalitenizi artırabilir ve daha mutlu ve sağlıklı bir yaşam sürdürebilirsiniz. There is a clear pattern between occupation and the immigrant ships, regardless of the point of origin or the ethnicity of the immigrant. Professionals such as physicians, and those employed in the arts traveled on smaller ships. The higher ticket price for traveling on the smaller ships was probably cost-prohibitive to those less affluent. There were farmers and laborers on the smaller ships - but it was rare for professionals to travel on the larger ships that were probably what we would consider "discount" travel. On 30 November 1826, seventeen passengers arrived on the ship Nestor from Havre, France, a common departure point. All of the passengers were actors or musicians. One actor, Pierre Davis, was already a resident of the United States. Pierre, and his father, John Davis, were managers of the Theatre d'Orleans. The Theatre New Orleans was already into its second quarter of a century. The Theatre St. Pierre had already opened and closed, having staged performances from 1796 to 1803. The Theatre St. Philippe opened on 30 January 1808. A stage needs actors, so stage managers began importing talent. The fact that New Orleans could support three theatres also indicated it had residents with the time, the money, and the interest who attended performances. The Theatre D'Orleans focused on opera, as well as dramatic and comedic theatre. This was not burlesque. The Theatre d'Orleans opened in October 1815. Following a fire, it reopened in 1819 and the father and son Davis duo branched out with this group of arrivals in 1826. The theatre season in New Orleans ended in early spring, due to the heat. At the close of the 1826-27 season, the passengers who had arrived on the ship Nestor became the first touring company in the U.S. From 1828 to 1831, and in 1833, the troupe performed during the winter in New Orleans and on the eastern seaboard during the warmer months. Among the passengers was Elizabeth Moutonnier-Milon, age 26. In September 1827, she played Nanette in Le Petit Chaperon Rouge in Philadelphia as part of the French Opera Company of New Orleans, John Davis. Also on board was Fleury Dalma, a musician, and his wife, an actress; J. Desaux Notaire and Jean Alexandre and his wife. Entertainers are a segment of the population we often overlook while doing research. Only some of Davis' troupe were European imports. Google Books and newspapers of the early 1800s are useful for locating those who performed in the New Orleans Opera company. You'll find them listed in Philadelphia and other cities. Because of their traveling, it might be difficult to locate them in a census or other source. Plus, they might not have become U.S. citizens. Just a few weeks after the I>Nestor arrived, another ship arrived in New Orleans from Havre. The ship Crescent, carrying only 28 passengers, including women and children, arrived on 28 January 1827. On board were two artists, two confectioners, a doctor, and four merchants. This pattern of travelers on the smaller ships seems common, regardless of point of origin or destination. Of course, there were exceptions, especially during the earlier years. < On 15 August 1785, the La Bergere arrived with 273 passengers from France. Among the passengers were several printers, engravers, and a colorist. The rest of the passengers were laborers, farmers, or soldiers. Almost all were traveling as a family. Some were Acadians. Ships records of Acadian travelers are online at http://www.acadian-cajun.com/ship2.htm. Alexis Daigle, age 22, and Joseph Landry, age 19, were both engravers. Landry was traveling with his brother, Jean Raphael Landry, who was a 17 year-old printer. They were traveling with their father, Pierre Landry, age 48, who was a colorist, and their mother and two sisters. There were five other printers aboard. Mathurin Trahan, age 24, was traveling with his wife. Isaac Hebert, age 32, was traveling with his wife, and two children. Jean Charles and Mathurin Oselet, ages 18 and 13 respectively, were printers traveling with their father, a sawyer, and younger brothers and sister. Maximin Moreau, age 24, was a printer traveling with his father Gabriel Moreau, a laborer aged 61; Maximin was also accompanied by his mother and an 18 year-old sister. These passengers settled outside New Orleans proper, around St. Gabriel, Attakapas, and Bayou Lafourche. In a later article, I will discuss settlement patterns. This pattern of professionals arriving on the smaller ships continued throughout the decades. Nearly a century later, on 22 January 1850, Dr. Richard Slobada arrived from Austria aboard the ship Brutus. There were only 30 passengers traveling from Bremen to New Orleans. < In January of 1850, a druggist by the name of Fritz Redefelt arrived aboard the Grenada. He was one of only ten passengers arriving from Antwerp to New Orleans. If you know, or even suspect, there was a professional in your ancestor's family, look for their name among the smaller ships. If you know your ancestors were farmers, it is unlikely you will find them among these small ships. Stormwater runoff is rainwater that flows over land and directly into local creeks and larger waterways. Stormwater runoff is not treated and is the #1 source of surface water pollution. Stormwater pollution finds its way into where we fish, where we swim, and what we drink. Everything that goes into our storm drainage system (pet waste, grass clippings, fertilizer, pesticides, litter, heavy metals, etc.) makes its way straight to waterways like creeks, rivers, and oceans. Stormwater pollution is our biggest source of water pollution. It all adds up. It all comes back. You are the solution to stormwater pollution! The wastewater treatment system, also known as the sanitary sewer system, routes wastewater from houses and buildings, to the wastewater treatment plant. The wastewater is treated and cleaned before being discharged. Think of this as the "brush and flush" system. The storm drainage system transports stormwater runoff from streets and property directly into waterways. The storm drainage system includes streets, storm drains, drainage ditches, pipes, culverts, retention ponds, wetlands, creeks, etc. Remember, stormwater runoff is not treated! 08. Contrada della Città Via Cinque Giornate, tratto compreso tra largo Boldoni e via Luini a est e via Tatti a ovest Nella via sorgeva l’edificio, in precedenza proprietà dei Peregrini, acquisito nel 1663 dalla Comunità di Como come sede della Municipalità. Il palazzo fu sede nel 1848 del Comitato d’Insurrezione durante le Cinque Giornate, ragione per cui la strada sulla quale si affaccia fu intitolata a questo episodio risorgimentale nella riforma toponomastica del 1888. La denominazione, che non può essere anteriore al XVII secolo, risulta attestata in occasione della visita fiscale del 1751. L’incrocio tra le contrade della Città e del Gesù, in una fotografia dell’inizio del Novecento, in cui riconosce ancora la veste neoclassica dell’antico Municipio, poi trasformato nel 1927. Scopri il libro cartaceo Archivio 00_I NOMI DELLA CITTÀ 01_CONTRADA DELLI ASINI 02_CONTRADA DE' BONANOMI 03_CONTRADA DI CARNASINO 04_STRETTA DELLA CASERMA 05_PIAZZA DEL CASTELLO 06_CONTRADA DEL CATENA 07_CINQUE VIE به گزارش اسپوتنیک به نقل از شبکه تلویزیونی المسیره، در روز یکشنبه 29 دسامبر به نقل از سخنگوی ارتش حوثی ها به رویترز اطلاع داد، که حوثی های متحد ایران در یمن اعلام کرده اند که شش مکان "حساس" در عربستان سعودی و سه مکان دیگر در امارات متحده عربی در لیست اهداف مورد نظر برای حمله قرار دارند. حوثی ها در ماه سپتامبر اعلام کردند، در صورت توقف حملات مخالفانشان به یمن، حوثی ها نیز حملات موشکی و هواپیماهای بدون سرنشین خود به عربستان را متوقف می کنند. RNA can form complex 3D shapes, which facilitates interactions with other molecules and gives rise to many important functions of post-transcriptional control. Chemical structure probing methods can identify RNA regions that can be chemically modified and with a modelling input each nucleotide can be predicted as structurally flexible or not. Recent methods can identify the interacting sites of RNA and proteins. The aim is to integrate these data sources in a Hidden Markov Model to see what new information about RNA structure the protein binding provides. The model will be applied within a collaborative project to study Motor Neurone Disease. In 1965 Gordon Moore, the founder of Intel, predicted that the number of components that could fit on a microchip would double every year for the next decade. Moore revised his prediction in 1975 to a doubling of components every two years – a prophecy that remained true for another four decades. The ramifications on the world of technology and, by extension, society itself of what is now known as "Moore’s Law" have proven immeasurable. The doubling of transistors – semi-conductor devices that switch electronic signals and power – meant that technology would become exponentially more powerful, smaller and cheaper. The fact that the smartphone in your pocket is now many thousands times more powerful than mainframe computers the size of buildings in the 1970s is a testament to this fact. But over the past few years, Moore’s Law has begun to reach its natural end as we squeeze every nanometer of advancement out of silicon chips. Transistors are now getting too small to manufacture efficiently. Intel itself delayed the release of its 10 nanometer – or a millionth of a millimeter – chip in 2016 to earlier this year, as it struggled to keep the chips functioning, while its 7nm successor is on track for 2021. By the mid-2020s it is believed that the Law will have plateaued completely as production costs increase and transistors reach their physical limits.It is predicted that the machines needed to produce such bewilderingly tiny components will cost $10bn (£7.6bn). “Below 20nm transistors cease to get more efficient or more cost-effective as you continue to shrink them,” says Stephen Furber, Professor of Computer Engineering at the University of Manchester. “Sure, they get smaller, and you can fit more on a chip, but the other historic benefits of shrinkage no longer apply.” With Moore’s Law effectively becoming economically unsound, the technology industry will need to become more creative without an established blueprint to follow. As a result, a new era in computing could follow. “This may not be noticeable for some time because hardware design has not been efficient because Moore’s law has given manufacturers a free ride,” says Noel Sharkey, professor of AI at Sheffield University. “The task now will be to take hardware up to as close to 100pc efficiency over the coming decade and that will keep processing power moving along. After that, it is anyone’s guess.” A computer brain Some experts believe the next step is to use chips inspired by the human brain, building ‘artificial neural networks’ to accelerate artificial intelligence. Such systems can learn without being programmed with set tasks, using connecting artificial neurons based on their biological equivalent and fired by connections similar to synapses in the brain. “The explosive developments over the last 15 years in machine learning and AI have been paralleled by developments in more brain-inspired approaches; neuromorphics,” says Furber. “Although developed primarily for brain science, there is growing interest in commercial applications of neuromorphics, though nothing compelling yet. If and when there is a breakthrough in our understanding of how the brain works, this should unleash another huge leap forward in machine learning and AI.” With big tech companies like Google, Microsoft and Facebook increasingly using AI solutions and algorithms, neural network processors (NNPs) are a big new market for chip producers. American company Nvidia, best known for its development of video game graphic cards, announced its $2bn Tesla 100P chip in 2016 that puts more power into deep learning. And Intel demonstrated its own NNP last month, with Naveen Rao, corporate vice president and general manager of the Artificial Intelligence Products Group at Intel, saying that he expects the company’s AI solutions to have generated $3.5bn in revenue this year. Perhaps more presciently, Rao also claimed that neural network models are becoming ten times more complex each year, growing at an exponential rate greater than any technology transition he is aware of. Further away, but potentially more broadly disruptive for the computing industry is the advent of quantum computing. Whereas traditional computing operates in binary, storing data as electrical signals in two states (1s and 0s), quantum computing is able to access data in a variety of states simultaneously in memory units called qubits. Companies around the world, including in the UK, are feverishly working on methods to successfully build the new frontier of tech. “There are numerous ways to build quantum computers,” says Winfried Hensinger, the Professor of Quantum Technologies at the University of Sussex who is working on a quantum computer with company Universal Quantum. “We are using silicon microchips that host arrays of electrodes. These electrodes emit electric fields that can trap individual charged atoms just above the surface of the microchip. Each atom forms a quantum bit.” Currently, quantum computing is in its infancy, with no one yet to build a quantum computer that can outperform a traditional supercomputer. But so-called "quantum supremacy" is considered one of the holy grails of science and could lead to previously unimaginable computing speeds. The director of Google’s Quantum AI Labs, Hartmut Neven, has even proposed a new rule to supersede Moore’s Law. Neven claims that quantum computing is growing at a "doubly exponential" rate to traditional computing. If that pace applied to conventional computing, so the theory goes, we would all have had smartphones in our pockets by the 1980s. Hensinger says that quantum computers could be used for tackling some of the most interesting problems, “
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kadar olan bölge kısa sürede Almanlardan alındı. Varşova Paktı’nın temelleri o günlerde atılacaktı. Stalin’in gözü Berlin’deydi. Rus ordusu dalga dalga Berlin’e doğru hücum ediyordu. Alman halkının yaşadığı en kötü günler bu günlerdi. Rus askerler için sivil-asker ayrımı yoktu. Önlerine çıkan herkesi öldürüyor, köyleri yakıp yıkıyorlardı. Rusların önünden kaçabilen Almanlar Berlin’e göç ediyordu. Kaçacak kadar şansı olmayanlar da ölümle yüzleşiyorlardı. Kadınlar için çok daha kötü günlerdi. Sovyet askerleri ele geçirdikleri yerlerdeki kadınlara topluca tecavüz ediyordu. Savaş sonrası elde edilen rakamlara göre bir buçuk milyon Alman kadını tecavüze uğramıştı. Stalin bu konu gündeme geldiğinde şöyle demişti “ Askerlerimiz işgal edilmiş topraklarımızı kurtarırken öyle manzaralarla karşılaştı ki, kadınlarla biraz eğlenmelerine ses çıkarmamalı”. Rusların doğudaki taarruzunun sürdüğü günlerde Britanya’da da hareketli günler yaşanıyordu. Churchill sonunda hayalini kurduğu şeye kavuşacaktı. ABD savaşmak için Avrupa’ya çıkarma yapmayı kabul etmişti. Birlikler Britanya’da toplanıyordu. 1944’ün yaz aylarında çıkarma yapılması kararlaştırılmıştı. ABD’nin silah sanayisi devasa boyutlara ulaşmıştı. Olası bir çıkarma için sayısı yüzbinlere varan uçak ve tank üretimi yapılmıştı. ABD bir taraftan Pasifik’teki Japon direnişini kırmakla meşguldü. Japonlara kaybedilen takımadaların bir çoğu geri alınmıştı. Japonlar artık savunma pozisyonundalardı. İngiliz Başbakanı Winston Churchill ve ABD Başkanı Roosevelt çıkarma için son hazırlıkların tamamlandığından emin olmuşlardı. Harekata Overlord operasyonu ismi verilmişti. Belirlenen Fransa sahillerine çıkarma yapılacak, Kara Avrupa’sı Nazilerden temizlenecekti. Alman komuta karargahı, çıkarma yapılacağı ihtimaline karşı teyakkuz halindeydi. Olası bir çıkarmaya karşı bir süredir devam ettirdikleri Atlantik Duvarı projesine hız verdiler. Bu projede amaç Atlas Okyanusu kıyı şeridine duvar örerek, çıkarma yapılması ihtimaline karşı Avrupa’yı güvene almaktı. Projenin başına tanıdık bir isim getirilmişti. Çöl Tilkisi Erwin Rommel. İnşaatlar henüz tamamlanmamıştı. Rommel teftiş için gittiğinde Atlantik Duvarı’nın pek de işlevsel olmadığını fark etti. Ona göre çıkarma yapılması muhtemel alanlara yığınak yapılmalıydı. Müttefiklerin çıkarma yapacağı bölge ise henüz tespit edilememişti. Almanlar onları Fransa’nın kuzey sahillerinde bekliyorlardı. Manş denizinin en dar bölgesinden çıkarma yapacaklarına eminlerdi fakat müttefikler risk almak pahasına kolaya kaçmamaya kararlıydı. Normandiya Çıkarması için ABD ordularının başında Dwight Eisenhower vardı. İngiliz ordularını ise General Montgomery komuta edecekti. 5 Haziran 1944’te yapılması beklenen çıkarma kötü hava şartları sebebiyle bir gün ertelendi. 6 Haziran’da ise binlerce gemiden oluşan dünyanın en büyük donanması Manş Denizi’nde hareket halindeydi. Çıkarma yapılacak bölgenin ismi Normandiya’ydı. Almanlar ilk gemiler sahilden kendini gösterene kadar çıkarmadan haberdar olmamışlardı. Normandiya’da Alman savunması zayıftı. Ama sahilin yapısı pek de çıkarma yapmaya uygun sayılmazdı. İlk çıkarma gemilerinin sahile yanaşması ile birlikte çok sert bir çatışma başlamıştı. Özellikle ABD Ordusu’nun çıkarma yaptığı Utah ve Omaha sahillerinde kan gövdeyi götürüyordu. Almanlar düşmanı püskürtmeye çok yaklaşmışlardı fakat müttefiklerin direnişi hemen kırılmadı. Deniz kan kırmızısı rengine bürünmüştü. Sahil boyu cansız vaziyette savrulan asker cesetleri vardı. ABD Ordusu’na bağlı bir grup çılgın askerin girişimi sonrası Almanların sahile kurdukları savunma hattı yarılmış oldu. Bundan cesaret alan askerler sahilden bir çıkarma daha yaparak savunmayı kırmayı başardılar. Sahil artık Müttefiklerin eline geçmişti. Almanlar düşmanla yeniden yüzleşmek için geri çekildiler. Nazi Almanya’sı artık bir çemberin içindeydi. Batıda ve güneyde ABD ve İngiliz orduları, doğuda ise Rus orduları tarafından kıskaca alınmışlardı. Savaşın en kanlı günleri başlamak üzereydi. Normandiya Çıkarması’nın etkileri tüm Almanya’da hissedilmeye başlanmıştı. Hoşnutsuzluklarıyla bilinen bir grup Alman subayı her şeyin sorumlusu olarak Hitler’i görüyorlardı. Führer kontrolden çıkmıştı ve kimseyi dinlemiyordu. Durdurulması gerekiyordu. Bu amaçla “Valkyrie” adı verilen bir operasyonlar Hitler’e suikast düzenlenecekti. Hitler öldüğünde Nazi hükümetine darbe yapılacak ve müttefiklerden barış istenecekti. Operasyonun başında eski Prusya geleneğiyle yetişmiş ve Hitler yönetimi tarafından dışlanan generaller vardı. Suikastı gerçekleştirecek kişi ise aynı zamanda savaş gazisi olan Albay Claus von Stauffenberg’ti. Hitler’in savaş planlarını görüştüğü karargahı olan Kurt İni adı verilen bir yerde suikast planı yapıldı. Yapılacak toplantı esnasında Albay Stauffenberg tarafından taşınan bombalı bir çanta Hitler’in ayağının dibine bırakıldı. Bomba infilak ettiğinde. Suikastçılar Hitler’in öldüğünden eminlerdi. Bombanın patladığı oda havaya uçmuştu. Sıra yapılacak darbeye geldiğinde Hitlerin mucize eseri hayatta kaldığı öğrenildi. Naziler tarafından organize edilen bir karşı darbe ile suikast şebekesi çökertildi. Suikasta adı karışan herkes idam edilecekti. Hitler çok etkilenmişti. Böyle bir patlamadan burnu bile kanamadan kurtulmasına kendisi de inanamamıştı. Çevresine sürekli olarak kutsal bir görev üstlendiğini bu sebeple ölümsüz olduğunu anlatıyordu. Dengesizliğinin yanına artık paranoya da eklenmişti. Suikast girişimi Nazilerin ekmeğine yağ sürmüştü. Bu bahaneyle rejimin tüm muhaliflerini ortadan kaldırabilirlerdi. Ordu içerisinde ciddi bir tasfiye süreci başladı. Klasik Prusya askeri öğretisinin izleri siliniyordu. Artık güç SS’lerdeydi. SS timlerinin başı olan Himmler beyni yıkanmış Alman gençlerini bir ölüm makinası gibi yetiştiriyordu. Tasfiye dalgasının vurduğu isimlerden birisi de Erwin Rommel olacaktı. Almanlar için eşsiz bir komutan olan Rommel’i suikastle suçlamak Hitler’in bile boyunu aşan bir olaydı. Rommel SS subaylarınca ziyaret edilerek ailesi üzerinden tehdit edilmişti. İntihar etmesi halinde ailesine dokunulmayacaktı. Her şeyin sonuna geldiğini bilen Rommel ailesini tercih ederek intihar etti. İntiharı Alman Ordusu’nu derinden sarmıştı. Bunu gören Hitler ülkenin dört bir yanında Rommel için cenaze törenleri düzenletti. Almanya’da gittikçe azalan sağduyu tamamen susmuştu. Müttefikler, Normandiya çıkarması sonrası Paris’i almak için harekete geçti. Yanlarında Fransız isyancılarının tertip ettiği Özgür Fransa Ordusu’da vardı. Almanlar için Paris’i savunmak kolay değildi. Kendi topraklarını emniyet altına almayı tercih ettiler ve Paris’i büyük oranda terk ettiler. Geride kalan birliklerin görevi ise bizzat Hitler’in emriyle Paris’i yakmaktı. Şehri tahrip etmek için emir alan birlikle Paris içerisindeki Fransız direnişiyle karşılaşınca Hitler’in emri yerine getirilemedi. Başını ABD birliklerinin çektiği müttefik kuvvetleri 26 Ağustos’ta Paris’e girdi. Özgür Fransa Ordusu’nun lideri kabul edilen Charles de Gaulle ise göstermelik bir törenle Paris’i işgalden kurtaran adam rolünü almıştı. Paris’in kurtuluşuyla birlikte müttefik kuvvetleri Ren Nehri’ne ulaştı. Nehrin ötesi Alman toprağıydı. Müttefik kuvvetlerin iki lideri Churchill ve Roosevelt önce Almanların zayıflatılması gerektiğini düşünüyordu. Zaten gücü tükenmekte olan Alman Hava Kuvvetleri’nin kendilerine karşı koyma şansı yoktu. O günlerde bir Alman askeri şöyle demişti: “Eğer bir uçak doğudan geliyorsa Ruslarındır. Batıdan geliyorsa Amerikalıların. Eğer bir uçak göremiyorsanız işte bu bizimkilerdir” Amerikan ve İngiliz uçakları Alman şehirlerini bombalayacaktı. Bombardıman geceli gündüzlü devam ediyordu. Berlin başta olmak üzere Almanya’nın büyük şehirlerine ve en önemlisi sanayi bölgelerine binlerce tonluk bombalar atıldı. 100 binden fazla sivilin öldüğü bombardıman Nazileri pes ettirmeye yetmiyordu. 1945 yılına gelindiğinde pek çok Alman şehri harabeye dönmüştü. Alman Ordusu’nun gücü tükenmek üzereydi fakat savaş tarihinde eşine az rastlanır bir olay yaşandı. Alman Ordusu elinde kalan son zırhlı birlikler ile birlikte Müttefik kuvvetlerine karşı bir taarruza girişti. Yaklaşık 100 km genişliğindeki bir hat üzerinden saldırıya geçen Alman birlikleri hazırlıksız yakaladıkları Müttefik kuvvetlerini dağıtmayı başarmıştı. Müttefiklerin ağır kayıplar verdiği ve Ardenler taarruzu adı verilen bu harekat başarıya ulaşmak üzereyken Adolf Hitler devreye girdi ve orduya Paris’i tekrar alma talimatı verdi. Paris’e doğru yol alan Alman birlikleri Müttefik kuvvetlerini kıskaca alıp yok etme şansını elinden kaçırmıştı. Zırhlı birlikler daha Paris’e yaklaşamadan yakıtlarını tükettiler. Her yönüyle tükenmiş durumda bulunan Nazi Almanya’sının enerjisi de böylelikle bitmiş oldu. Berlin’i savunmaktan başka çareleri kalmamıştı. Geride kalan birlikler Berlin savunması için görev alacaklardı. Berlin’in savunulması için çocuklar dahi silah altına alınmış ve ön cephede savaştırılıyordu. Kızıl Ordu Berlin’i kuşatmıştı. Müttefikler ise Berlin’e hızla yaklaşıyorlardı ancak onlar için Almanların tüm gücünün tüketilmesi önemliydi. Bu sebeplerle herhangi bir askeri varlığın bulunmadığı ve stratejik bir önemi de olmayan Dresden şehri bombalanacaktı. Dresden aynı zamanda ortaçağdan kalma çok nadide tarihi eserlerin bulunduğu bir sanat başkentiydi. Amaç Alman halkının direnişini yok etmek ve kalplerine korku salmaktı. Winston Churchill şöyle demişti “Alman halkı, savaşın yıkıcılığını tatmalı”. Dediği gibi de oldu. İngiliz ve Amerikan uçakları aralıksız şekilde Dresden’e binlerce tonluk bomba yağdırdı. Atılanların bir çoğu fosfor bombasıydı. Bombaların çıkardığı yangın sebebiyle 30 bin sivil hayatını kaybetti. Ölenlerin tamamına yakını yanarak ölmüştü. Dresden’de neredeyse ayakta kalan bir bina yoktu. Savaş tüm vahşetini Dresden halkına tattırmıştı. Sırada başkent Berlin’in sakinleri vardı. 27 Ocak 1945 günü Sovyet Ordusu’na bağlı bir birlik Almanlara ait olduğu düşünülen devasa bir tesisi ele geçirir. Hapishaneyi andıran bu tesis; dünya savaş tarihinin en acımasız katliamlarından birinin yapıldığı Auschwitz’dir. Birbiri ardına sıralanmış yüzlerce barakadan oluşan bu toplama kampına gelen Sovyet Askerleri, neredeyse ölmek üzere olan çok zayıf ve bitkin durumdaki birkaç bin Yahudi’yle karşılaşır. Auschwitz’de bir dönem bir buçuk milyon Yahudi’nin yaşadığı bilinmektedir. Geriye sadece birkaç bin insan kalmıştır. Soykırımın en acımasız günleri burada yaşanmıştır. Önceleri gettolara kapatılan Yahudiler daha sonra toplama kamplarına alınarak ölene kadar çalıştırılmış, Almanya’nın işgale uğraması sonucunda topluca ölüme mahkum edilmişlerdir. Müttefik kuvvetleri birkaç toplama kampı daha tespit ederler. Hepsinde durum aynıdır. Ülkenin dört bir yanından toplanan Yahudiler, çingeneler ve engelliler bu kamplarda sistematik bir soykırıma tabi tutulmuşlardır. Bazıları açlıktan ölmüş bazıları salgın hastalıktan kırılmışlardır. Geride kalanlar ise duşa girecekleri yalanıyla gaz odalarında zehirlenmişlerdir. Sayısı 3 ila 4 milyon arasında değişen Yahudi’nin bu toplama kamplarında ölüme mahkum edildiği tahmin edilmektedir. Yapılan işkenceler, insan deneyleri ise cabasıdır. Hitler’in hayalini kurduğu “Aryan” ırk oluşturma projesi insanlık tarihinin en büyük utancını beraberinde getirmiştir. Berlin 1945 yılının bahar ayları geldiğinde tamamen kuşatılmıştı. Kızıl Ordu şehri işgal ediyordu. Sivil asker ayrımı gözetmeksizin bombalanan Berlin, savaşın tüm yıkıcılığını tatmaktaydı. Adolf Hitler karargahındaydı. Akıl sağlığını kaybetmişti. Sürekli komutanlarını toplayıp hayali savaş planları yapıyor, var olmayan orduları cepheye sürüyordu. Naziler arasında da çözülme başlamıştı. Üst düzey Naziler birer ikişer kaçıyordu. Bunlardan birisi de SS’lerin başındaki isim Himmler’di. Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanı Göring’de kaçanlar arasındaydı. Bir dönemin kudretli generalleri piyade üniformaları giyerek kendilerini saklama telaşına düşmüşlerdi. Nisan ayının sonuna gelindiğinde Berlin tamamen işgal edilmişti. Sovyet topçusunun atışları Hitler’in karargahından dahi duyulmaktaydı. Hitler tamamen tükenmiş bir vaziyette kararını verdi. Sevgilisi Eva Braun ile evlenecekti. Evlendiği gün intihar etme kararını da açıkladı. Ona, artık karısı olan Eva Braun’da eşlik edecekti. Son emrini yaverine vermişti. Cesedini teşhir etme zevkini düşmanlarına vermeyecekti. İntiharı sonrasında yakılması talimatını verdi. 30 Nisan 1945 günü Almanya Şansölyesi Adolf Hitler karısı Eva Braun’la birlikte intihar etti. Sonu gelmez bir ihtiras, şakağa dayanmış bir silahın içerisinden çıkan bir mermiyle son bulmuştu. Hitler’in vekili olarak atadığı Joseph Goebels’de Führer’inin izinden gitmeye karar verdi ve intihar etti. Karısı Magda Goebbels ise adlarını Hitler’in baş harflerinden seçtiği altı küçük çocuğunu siyanür kapsülüyle zehirleyerek intihar etti. Nazi Almanya’sı kendi ayakları üzerinde çökmüştü. Kısa süre sonra Alman Ordusu silah bıraktı ve geçici Alman Hükümeti kayıtsız şartsız teslim oldu. Hitler ölmüştü. Nazi Almanya’sı teslim olmuştu ve Avrupa’da savaş bitmişti fakat dünya da savaş henüz bitmemişti. Japon İmparatorluğu teslim olmaya yanaşmıyordu. Japon donanması yok edilmişti. Ülkenin büyük çoğunluğu işgal edilmişti fakat Japonlar için teslim olmak söz konusu olamazdı. Günlerce acımasızca bombalanan Tokyo dahi Japonların pes etmesi için yeterli olmamıştı. Üstelik Japonlar ABD donanması için hala büyük bir tehditti. Japon Hava Kuvvetlerine bağlı pilotlar ellerinde kalan son uçaklarla birlikte tespit ettikleri Amerikan gemilerine kamikaze dalışı yapıyordu. Savaşın hemen bitmesinden önce ölen Başkan Roosevelt’in yerine Truman gelmişti. Başkan Truman’a verilen savaş raporlarında Amerikan Donanması’nın yok olma tehlikesinden bahsedildi. Olası bir Japonya işgali için de 1 milyon asker kaybının olabileceği bildirildi. Amerikalılar Japonları teslim alacaklarına inandıkları formüllerini uygulamaya karar verdiler. Ordularının mahvolması riskini alarak Japonya’yı işgal etmeyeceklerdi. Formülün adı “Enola Gay” isimli bir uçağın bagajında gizliydi. Tarihteki ilk atom bombası Manhattan Projesi adı verilen gizli bir operasyonla üretilmişti. Hedefte Hiroşima ve Nagasaki vardı. 6 Ağustos sabahı “Little Boy” adı verilen uranyum içerikli bomba Hiroşima’ya, 9 Ağustos sabahı ise “Fat Man” adı verilen plütonyum içerikli bomba Nagasaki’ye atıldı. Bu atom çağının başlangıcıydı aynı zamanda. Bombaların yıkım gücü inanılmazdı. Birkaç saat içerisinde toplamda 150 bin insan ölmüştü. Arazi tamamen radyoaktif maddelerle dolmuştu. Hayatta kalanların büyük çoğunluğu ise bombanın ikincil etkileri ile öldü veya sakat kaldı. Japonlar için teslim olma vakti çoktan gelmişti. İmparatorun onurunun zedelenmeyeceği bir formül uydurularak Japon İmparatorluğu teslim alınmıştı. 2 Eylül 1945 günü sona gelinmişti. Artık hiçbir şey eskisi gibi olmayacaktı... (SON) Ahmet Yasin Kocamaz For example, management and control of production may be delegated to a man who is specialist in the techniques, procedures, and methods of production. We ma designate him “Production Manager'. So is the case with other branches of management, i.e., personnel, finance
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the Atlantic and Northeast Pacific; Inertial Force - the force acting on a body that results from the acceleration of water particles away from an accelerating body; Isobar - a line on a weather map connecting areas having the same atmospheric pressure; Jet Stream - a vigorous and fast westerly air current found in the mid-latitudes that influence the formation of low-pressure systems; Knot - a unit of speed equivalent to one nautical mile (1.151 mph, 1.852 km); Low Pressure - a region where the atmospheric pressure at the surface is lower than its surrounding area. Also known as mid-latitude depression; Mean Wave Direction - the primary swell direction, or the average of all the individual wave directions in a given period of time; Neap Tide - a tide after the first or third quarters of the moon when there is the least difference between low and high water. It occurs seven days after a spring tide; Refraction - the bending of a traveling wave as it interacts and propagates over different ocean depths. It has a high impact on wave height; Rip Current - a powerful and sometimes unpredictable surface current of short duration flowing seaward from the shore; Roaring Forties - strong westerly winds that blow around the planet in the Southern Hemisphere, usually between the latitudes of 40 and 50 degrees; Rogue Wave - a spontaneous extreme deepwater wave that exceeds the significant wave height by more than a factor of two; Rule of Twelfths - a method used by sailors to estimate the height of the tide at any moment, given only the time and height of low and high water; Semi-Diurnal Tide - an area with two high and two low tides per day; Set - a series of waves that is larger than the average for a given day. Also known as wave group; Shallow Water Wave - a wave with a depth/length ratio of less than 1/20; Shoaling - the effect and changes in wave height as waves enter shallow waters. It has impacts on wave height and in the direction of the breaking wave; Significant Wave Height - the average wave height of the highest one-third of all waves in a time series; Significant Wave Period - the average wave period of the one-third highest waves; Spring Tide - a tide just after a new or full moon, when there is the greatest difference between low and high water; Storm Surge - a sudden and abnormal increase in sea level near the coastline due to onshore winds or groundswells; Swell - a group of long-period waves generated by distant weather systems that travel thousands of miles before hitting the shores; Tidal Bore - a wave moving upstream in a river caused by the interaction of the tide with the river flow; Tidal Range - the vertical difference between the low tide and the succeeding high tide; Tide - the rise and fall of sea level caused by the interaction of the gravitational force exerted by the moon and the sun and the rotation of the Earth; Trough - the lowest part of a wave between successive crests; Typhoon - a system of winds that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure taking place in the Northwest Pacific; Warm Front - transition zone, generally moving from southwest to northeast, where a warm air mass is replacing a cold air mass; Wave Decay - the change which occurs in waves when they leave a fetch and travel through a region of lighter winds; Wave Group - a series of waves propagating together in which the wave direction, wavelength, and wave height vary only slightly. Also known as set waves; Wave Period - the time between two successive wave crests; Wave Spectrum - a method of representing the distribution of wave energy on the sea surface; Wave Steepness - the height of a wave divided by its wavelength; Wave Train - a series of waves traveling in the same direction. Also known as swell; Wavelength - the horizontal distance between the crest of one wave to the crest of the next wave; Whitecaps - small windblown waves that break and disappear; Windswell - short-period waves created by local winds near the shore; If you want to become a surf forecast expert, get and read some of the best surf science books on the market. In class the past couple of weeks, we have been discussing human rights. In this blog post, we will be diving into one issue of human rights, sex trafficking. As always, we will be looking at it in the country of Jamaica. As in most countries, sex trafficking exists within the Jamaican borders. According to a report by the U.S. Department of Trafficking (http://gvnet.com/humantrafficking/Jamaica-2.htm), the Jamaican government isn’t doing enough to combat it. In the report, the government doesn’t, “fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking”. It also goes on to say that Jamaica is making strides to achieve and exceed those standards. In the report, there are recommendation to improve in the combat of human trafficking. Some of those recommendations include: “expand efforts to investigate, convict and punish traffickers for their crimes; extend training on human trafficking issues among law enforcement agencies; increase funding for shelter services and other assistance to victims; continue awareness campaigns aimed at vulnerable populations, especially young people”. All these methods are dedicated to the issue to help prevent it from happening to helping victims of this cruel practice. One of our readings this past week is an article from the magazine, Foreign Affairs. The article “Born Free” by Sarah E. Mendelson, states and explains the newly formed Sustainable Development Goals. Among these goals, human trafficking is talked about in some of these goals. More particularly, she is encouraging people to help organizations that specialize in different aspects of human trafficking by increasing donations. Such organizations include Humanity United, NoVo, the Oak Foundation, Walk Free, and the Freedom Fund. When she has asked people to donate to some of these organizations, they didn’t. Their reasons were, “We are not interested in trafficking’ or ‘We do not work on trafficking ‘”. To me, it seems that these people are misinterpreting what these organizations are wanting to do. They may think that donating money will make the problem worse. Another reason I think they don’t donate is that they haven’t done enough research on an organization. Since they feel uneducated, they don’t donate in fear that their money will be wasted instead. Other goals mentioned are to allow women to be equal to men and to end the exploitation of children. To help achieve these goals, people to have “legal identities”. These “identities” will help to alleviate the victimization of women and children, especially in terms of human trafficking. The industries of tourism and transportation have teamed up to help spread awareness and notice incidents of human trafficking. Another problem of human trafficking is corruption. Government officials have been known to be bribed to not prosecute or lighten punishments for people that choose to get involved in human trafficking. In all, there are 17 goals and 169 subgoals in the Sustainable Development Goals agreement. These goals and subgoals are different from most of these proposals. Not only are they detailed in what needs to be accomplished, but they also have target dates to help track their progress. Sex trafficking is a really cruel thing that is happening in this world. The first time I encountered this issue was when I watched the movie, Taken. In it, the main character’s (Bryan Mills played by Liam Neeson) daughter and friend are taken by these traffickers in Europe and are drugged and sold in exchange for sex. On top of that, a friend of the Bryan’s friends, who is a top cop in France, ignored his obligation to prosecute human traffickers. Instead, he helped to keep it a silent operation. Some of these sex slaves can die by drug overdose or STD’s. Also, one of my high school coach’s wife worked with an organization that fights trafficking in other countries. This blog post allowed me to get to do my own research and become more educated about this issue. of St. Andrew, Patron Saint of Scotland By Peter Williams S T. A N D R E W The Apostle in Scotland Died: 30th November AD 60 at Patras in Achaia The national flag of Scotland is the Cross of St. Andrew, a white diagonal (X-shaped) cross on a blue background. By having its own patron saint and its own flag, Scotland can assert its pride in its independence from England, though an integral and proud part of the United Kingdom. St. Andrew was one of the original Twelve Apostles and a brother to St. Peter, both former fisherman called to follow Christ. He is the patron saint of Greece as well as Scotland. In early Byzantine tradition, he is known as "first called." St. Andrew is reputed to travelled with St. John the Evangelist to Ephesus and later preached in Scythia. He is said to have been crucified on an X-shaped Cross at Patras in Archaia. His feast day is celebrated on 30th November. There are two reasons why Andrew was adopted as the patron saint of Scotland. One is that, in AD 345, when the Emperor, Constantine the Great, decided to translate Andrew's bones from Patras to Constantinople, St. Regulus (or St. Rule), a Greek monk, was instructed by an angel to take a large number of these relics to a place in the far northwest. He was told to stop at a site on the Fife coast of Scotland, where he founded the settlement of St. Andrew. The other explanation is that the seventh century Bishop of Hexham, St. Wilfrid (some sources give Acca as the bishop) brought back some of the saint's relics from a trip to Rome and they landed in the hands of the Scots King, Angus MacFergus, who installed them at St. Andrew's to enhance the prestige of the new bishopric.One legend concerning St. Andrew is that when the Pictish King Angus, faced with a large invading army, prayed for divine guidance, a saltire (the diagonal cross) appeared in the shape of a white cloud against the blue sky. Angus won a decisive victory and decreed that Andrew would be the patron saint of his country. It was not until after Robert Bruce's victory at the Battle of Bannockburn (1314) however, that the Declaration of Arbroath named St. Andrew the patron saint of Scotland forever and the Saltire became the national flag in 1385. İş Başvurusu yapmak şimdi çok kolay! - Sistemimize üye olduktan sonra "üye girişi" bölümüne giriş yapınız. - Daha sonra web sitemiz üzerinde özgeçmişinizi oluşturunuz. - Sisteme kaydolan özgeçmişiniz personel ihtiyacı durumunda gerçekleştirilecek olan veri tabanı araştırmasında titizlikle incelenecek ayrıca web sitemiz üzerinde yayınlanacak ilanlara on-line başvurabileceksiniz. - Üyeliğinizi kullanarak özgeçmişinizdeki bilgileri istediğiniz an güncelleyebilirsiniz موزه های هلند حداقل ۱۳۹ اثر هنری را شناسایی کرده اند که ممکن است در بحبوحه جنگ جهانی دوم به زور از یهودیان گرفته شده یا از اماکن مذهبی آنها به غارت رفته باشد. کمیته ای ویژه از سوی موزه های هلند مأموریت یافتن مالکان اصلی آثار را بر عهده گرفته و یک وب سایت ویژه برای این کار راه اندازی کرده است. Work continues on finishing the materials for the remainder of the course. What follows are beta-versions of units which address other key concepts that modelers feel are appropriate for a 1st year course. There are detailed teacher notes for units 10 – 14, but some resources (worksheets, quizzes, tests) are incomplete. Because many chemistry teachers report that they need to address the internal workings of the atom in the first semester (due to district tests), we suggest that they could do units 10 & 11 right after Unit 6. They could then return to Units 7 – 9. If you have any questions, comments or concerns, you should direct them to Larry Dukerich. - Models of the Atom: From an examination of the radiation emitted by hot metals and atomic gases we conclude that atoms must have internal structure not explained by Thomson’s model. - Periodic Table and Bonding: We extend the Bohr model to many-electron atoms, using it to provide a structural explanation for the organization of the Periodic Table, and to examine models of covalent bonding in compounds. At this point, two paths are provided. Those who wish to delve more deeply into the difference between energy and temperature might choose to use Unit 12A. Teachers whose course precedes a capstone biology course, or who wish to investigate some basic biochemistry would choose Unit 12B. - 12A – Temperature and Thermal Energy: We know that when Ech of the system changes, the Eth also changes, eventually resulting in a transfer of energy between the system and the surroundings. We adopt a “kinetic” view of temperature to account for the direction of energy flow. There are additional materials –Entropy for AP Chem – suitable for an honors or AP course. - 12B – Intermolecular Attractions and Biological Macromolecules: In this unit we suggest a model to account for attractions between molecules and the effect on physical properties. Then we move to an investigation of organic molecules important to life. - Equilibrium: We employ a “kinetic” view of particles moving back and forth across an interface to model a variety of processes (both physical and chemical) as they approach and reach the state of equilibrium. - Acids and Bases: We extend what we’ve learned about equilibrium to the Bronsted-Lowry model of acids and bases, characteristics of strong and weak acids and neutralization reactions. The world’s first spacecraft thruster to contain a platinum combustion chamber and nozzle made by 3D printing has passed its baptism of fire with 618 ignitions, and a series of firings lasting more than an hour. The successful testing of a 3D-printed rocket marks yet another important step in bringing the cost of production of space equipment down for future missions, following on from news last year that the International Space Station (ISS) now has a 3D printer on board to produce components. The combustion chamber for the 10 N hydrazine thruster was printed in platinum–rhodium alloy, using a laser beam applied to a metal powder bed. Much of the operation was run from Germany, where the actual prototype thruster was produced and tested at the Airbus Defence & Space facility in Lampoldshausen, through a European Space Agency (ESA) project called Additive Manufacturing Technologies for Advanced Satellite Thrust Chamber (AMTAC). Click on the photo below to watch the test video. This is a world first,” said Steffen Beyer of Airbus Defence & Space, who is managing the project. “The firings included a single burn of 32 minutes, during which a maximum throat temperature of 1253 degrees Celsius was attained. “It demonstrates that performance comparable to a conventional thruster can be obtained through 3D printing.” Adding to this sentiment, Mikko Nikulainen, head of ESA’s Component Technology and Space Materials Division, said: “The potential of 3D printing makes it an important element of our new advanced manufacturing initiative, which focuses on a range of technologies to slash European manufacturing costs and lead times while improving performance and boosting competitiveness.” Lecce e Parma tra poco in campo per una sfida da ultima spiaggia per i salentini. La squadra di Fabio Liverani deve vincere e sperare che il Genoa non faccia altrettanto per restare in Serie A; squadre in campo alle 20.45 per l'ultima gara del campionato di Serie A 2019/20. İngiltere Milli Takımı Teknik Direktörü Fabio Capello'nun
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very rare to transmit hepatitis C this way. Another way to avoid hepatitis C infection is to not share anything that could be infected. Toothbrushes, razors, and nail clippers are some less obvious examples of items that may be exposed to infected blood. Do not assume you know who may or may not be infected. Be safe and remember that anyone can have hepatitis C and not know it. Education about sterile practices for handling blood and needles is a key measure in preventing hepatitis C infection. Those in the medical profession play an important role in the prevention or spread of this disease. Always properly dispose of needles and follow correct procedures when exposed blood is present, such as wearing latex gloves and sterilizing the wound. General first-aid education can also help prevent hepatitis C infection. Avoid coming into direct contact with blood by keeping a stocked first-aid kit handy with bandages and sterile equipment. Pay attention during acupuncture, piercings, and tattoos. It is safest to go with licensed facilities for these types of procedures, but always make sure sterile, new needles are used. You can ensure this by witnessing the needles being taken out of new, sealed packages. Knowing the risk factors is the best way to prevent hepatitis C infection. Unfortunately, no vaccine is available for this strain of hepatitis. If you have any reason to suspect you may be infected, getting tested is a great way to protect those around you from the disease. One of our editors will review your suggestion and make changes if warranted. Note that depending on the number of suggestions we receive, this can take anywhere from a few hours to a few days. Thank you for helping to improve wiseGEEK! میلیاردر بیت کوین قرار است به عنوان فرماندار کالیفرنیا کاندید شود. Chamath Palihapitiya مدیرعامل شرکت سرمایه گذاری Social Capital، این هدف خود را در تاریخ 26 ژانویه در یک توییت اعلام کرد. این پست با تعدادی وعده برای دولت ایالات متحده از جمله کاهش مالیات گسترده، افزایش حقوق معلمان و ... همراه بود. به نظر می رسد Chamath Palihapitiya در حال آماده شدن برای رقابت فرمانداری کالیفرنیا است. تعداد فزاینده ای از مردم کالیفرنیا از عملکرد فرماندار فعلی ناراضی هستند. کالیفرنیا مرکز فناوری Chamath Palihapitiya یکی از سرمایه گذاران اولیه بیت کوین بود. او می گوید: “بیایید کالیفرنیا را به مرکز جهانی مشاغل فناوری و محلی تبدیل کنیم.” وی در مصاحبه ای در 7 ژانویه گفت که وی بیت کوین را به عنوان بیمه ای در برابر عدم اطمینان اقتصادی می داند. همچنین پیش بینی کرد که قیمت آن می تواند طی پنج تا ده سال آینده به 200000 دلار افزایش یابد. طبق مقاله آوریل 2020 فوربس، Palihapitiya بیت کوین را در سال 2013 خریداری کرد که در آن زمان قیمت حدود 80 دلار بود. او آن زمان ادعا کرد که حدود 5٪ از کل موجودی بیت کوین را در اختیار دارد. از زمان روی کار آمدن رئیس جمهور بایدن در 20 ژانویه، چندین حرکت حامی صنعت رمزنگاری صورت گرفته است. دولت بایدن گری جنسلر را که در زمینه ارز دیجیتال اطلاعات زیادی دارد برای ریاست کمیسیون بورس و اوراق بهادار انتخاب کرده است. اکنون نیز کاندید شدن میلیونر بیت کوین برای فرمانداری کالیفرنیا. چه چیزی در انتظار صنعت ارز دیجیتال است؟ 15 alimenti ricchi di ferro Il ferro è un elemento essenziale per la produzione di nuovi globuli rossi. È inoltre presente nelle cellule muscolari e nelle proteine utilizzate per il metabolismo e il sistema immunitario. Le diete ricche di ferro garantiscono livelli di energia sani e svolgono un ruolo cruciale nella produzione di energia e nella funzione muscolare. La dose giornaliera di ferro raccomandata per gli uomini adulti è di 8 mg e di 8-18 mg per le donne adulte. La dose raccomandata è leggermente più alta per i vegetariani. Molte persone non raggiungono il loro obiettivo di ferro nella dieta, ma questo può essere raggiunto abbastanza facilmente mangiando alimenti ricchi di ferro. Un consiglio: cercate di non associare il ferro al caffè o ai latticini, perché possono inibire l’assorbimento del ferro. Lenticchie Le lenticchie cotte contengono quasi sette milligrammi di ferro per tazza. Inoltre, una tazza di lenticchie cotte è ricca di fibre e può persino abbassare i livelli di colesterolo e bilanciare la glicemia. Assicuratevi di mettere le lenticchie in ammollo per una notte, in modo da ridurre l’acido fitico che può inibire l’assorbimento del ferro. Spinaci Troppo poco ferro significa meno globuli rossi, con conseguente anemia da carenza di ferro. Gli spinaci sono una verdura a foglia verde ricca di ferro: 100 grammi di spinaci contengono tre milligrammi di ferro. La maggior parte delle verdure contiene inibitori del ferro, ma l’abbinamento con la vitamina C può aiutare ad assorbire meglio il ferro. Soia I fagioli di soia possono migliorare i livelli di ferro nell’organismo e sono un’ottima fonte di minerali come il rame e il manganese. Una tazza di soia cotta contiene quasi 9 mg di ferro. Questi legumi ricchi di sostanze nutritive sono un ottimo sostituto della carne nelle diete vegetariane. Oltre a questo, i fagioli di soia sono ricchi di proteine, aminoacidi e molte vitamine vitali. Includete i fagioli di soia nei piatti di pasta per esaltarne il sapore o gustateli da soli con un po’ di sale Ostriche Le ostriche sono ricche di proteine, zinco e vitamina B12. Contengono anche un’abbondante quantità di ferro. Una porzione di tre etti di ostriche cotte fornisce quasi 8 mg di ferro. Anche se le ostriche crude sono ricche di ferro, per motivi di sicurezza è meglio optare per quelle cotte Cereali caldi arricchiti I cereali fortificati forniscono da cinque a otto milligrammi di ferro. Per ottenere il massimo beneficio, prima di acquistarli controllate l’etichetta nutrizionale di una determinata marca. Acquistate cereali arricchiti non solo di ferro ma anche di altri minerali come calcio e fibre. L’aggiunta di vitamina C alla colazione aiuterà ad assorbire il ferro contenuto nei cereali. Cioccolato fondente Gli amanti del cioccolato hanno ora una buona ragione per mangiare il cioccolato fondente: è ricco di ferro. Tre etti di cioccolato fondente forniscono circa otto milligrammi di ferro. Mangiare una barretta di cioccolato fondente, insieme ad altri alimenti ricchi di ferro, può aiutare nei casi di anemia da carenza di ferro Fegato Le carni organizzate sono tra le migliori fonti di nutrienti vitali come il ferro. Una porzione da 2,5 once di fegato di manzo contiene quasi 5 mg di ferro. Tuttavia, il fegato deve essere consumato con moderazione, poiché una quantità eccessiva può aumentare il colesterolo oltre i livelli ideali. Semi di sesamo Oltre a essere un’ottima fonte di rame e manganese, i semi di sesamo sono anche una buona fonte vegetale di ferro. Ritenuti uno dei condimenti più antichi, i semi di sesamo aggiungono un gusto croccante e nocciolato a molti piatti asiatici. Un quarto di tazza di semi di sesamo contiene oltre cinque milligrammi di ferro. Mescolando i semi di sesamo tostati con aglio e aceto si ottiene un ottimo condimento per piatti salati, noodles e insalate. Vongole in scatola Una porzione da un etto di vongole in scatola fornisce circa 24 milligrammi di ferro. Le vongole sono una delle più alte fonti di ferro al di fuori della carne rossa. Migliorate il gusto dei vostri sughi per la pasta preferiti aggiungendo questo saporito frutto di mare. Ceci I ceci appartengono alla famiglia delle Fabaceae. Questo legume ricco di ferro è ricco di fibre e zinco e soddisfa il 4% del fabbisogno giornaliero di ferro. Una sola porzione di ceci contiene cinque milligrammi di ferro e un’abbondante dose di proteine, il che li rende un’ottima scelta per i vegetariani. Anche in questo caso, assicuratevi di mettere a bagno i ceci per una notte per ridurre l’acido fitico, noto per inibire l’assorbimento del ferro. Anatra Una porzione da 100 grammi di carne d’anatra cotta con la pelle contiene 2,7 mg di ferro, più del doppio rispetto a pollo e tacchino. Questo uccello che vive in acqua è un è anche un’ ottima fonte di selenio , un micronutriente necessario che aiuta l’organismo a combattere i danni dei radicali liberi. Sebbene la carne possa apparire più scura di quella del pollo o del tacchino, l’anatra e l’oca sono pollame e sono considerate carni “bianche”. Albicocche Una tazza di albicocche secche ha 2.7 mg di ferro, più di otto volte quello del frutto fresco . In generale, le albicocche sono un’ottima fonte di nutrienti. Offrono anche 7 g di fibra alimentare, rispetto ai soli 2 di una porzione fresca. Tofu Ogni porzione da 100 grammi di tofu, un prezioso alimento vegetariano e vegano, contiene 5,4 mg di ferro. L’organismo assorbe il ferro molto più facilmente dalla carne che dai vegetali, quindi le persone che si astengono dalla prima devono fare attenzione a consumare una quantità sufficiente di questo minerale. Gli alimenti vegetali ricchi di ferro come il tofu aiutano evita l ‘anemia Il tofu è ottimo anche per i reni: provoca meno stress della carne Anacardi e mandorle Uno dei modi più rapidi per combattere la carenza di ferro è la frutta secca. In media, gli anacardi e le mandorle forniscono rispettivamente quasi 3,8 mg e 6,7 mg di ferro, oltre ad alcuni altri nutrienti di supporto. Sono anche potenti fonti di vitamine antiossidanti E e K, che aiutano a ridurre lo stress ossidativo, e di magnesio, un minerale coinvolto in centinaia di processi vitali dell’organismo, tra cui il rafforzamento del sistema immunitario. Quinoa La quinoa contiene quasi 3 mg di ferro per tazza, circa il 15% del fabbisogno giornaliero. La combinazione unica di macronutrienti della quinoa fa sì che essa fornisce circa 8 g di proteine di qualità per porzione ed è ricca di fibre. In termini di micronutrienti, la quinoa è una buona fonte di ferro, rame, tiamina e vitamina B6. Ha anche quasi il 20% del fabbisogno giornaliero di folato, una vitamina B essenziale per la produzione di globuli bianchi e rossi nel midollo osseo Targeting brain injury 17 December 2015 New ‘homing’ treatment could aid recovery for brain damaged patients Cardiff University scientists believe they may have found a way to aid recovery and minimise the risk of life-threatening infections in patients with traumatic brain injuries. It’s estimated that more than a million people in the UK are admitted annually to hospital as a result of a head injury, which is a leading cause of death and disability in children and adults from ages one to 44. This is largely due to life-threatening infections as well as brain inflammation activated by the body’s natural disease-fighting immune response, called ‘complement’. tissue is injured in an accident, this part of our immune system sees the tissue as ‘foreign’ and responds in an inappropriate way to make the damage even worse,” says Professor Claire Harris from the University’s Institute of Infection & who led the research. Now, Cardiff scientists from the School of Medicine have engineered a new duel ‘homing’ agent which, when given to mice, inactivated the complement system in the brain, reduced inflammation and aided recovery. ”Widespread blocking of this part of the immune system after traumatic brain injury helps damaged brain tissue to survive and improves neurological recovery in mice. “Unfortunately, this treatment approach could be harmful to humans because complement is essential for fighting infections. That’s why this homing agent is so significant,” continued Professor Harris. “We have engineered a drug which combines two different activities in one molecule – one arm ‘targets’ the drug to the site of tissue damage, thus concentrating the therapy exactly where it is most needed, and the second arm (CD59) inhibits a specific part of the complement system which would drive further damage if left unchecked. “This drug therefore delivers therapy to where it is needed, freeing up the complement system to fight infection in the rest of the body.” Published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the team, led by Professors Claire Harris and Professor Paul Morgan, showed that when the ‘homing’ agent was injected into mice immediately after traumatic brain injury, it specifically targeted the injured tissue, serving to inactivate the complement system and reduce inflammation and neuronal damage. Professor Claire Harris added: “Development of this new homing agent is exciting. We’ve shown that it can be administered in mice some time after the trauma and still be effective. “If our findings can be translated into humans this could be life-changing for patients with head injuries.” History of the Mobile Botanical Gardens Horticulture and gardening have always been a part of Mobile’s life. The French who came to found the city had instructions from Louis XIV to collect and send back botanical specimens, and Iberville, busy with the establishment of a great new colony for the glory of France, was careful to obey his King’s instructions. When Mobile was laid out at its present site, one of the first things done was plant a double row of trees around the esplanade to provide a shady walk. Vegetables from France grew in kitchen gardens, and early in our city’s history it was possible to gather at short notice the ingredients for the same salad one might order in Paris. A plan of Mobile published in 1765 shows several small formal gardens with walks and parterres laid out in a fashionable European style. Most of these were probably herb gardens, but some seem to have been purely ornamental. In 1777 William Bartram spent more than three months in and out of Mobile collecting “growing roots, seeds, and curious speciments,” which he shipped to Philadelphia to be added to his collection. Visitors to Mobile in the 1820’s wrote of the “villas” along the bay shore, where luxuriant gardens were enclosed by hedges of Cherokee roses. Ship manifests of the 1830’s show that large cargoes of camellias were consigned to purchasers in Mobile. During the Civil War, one of the great laments of the populace was that the avenues of oaks which graced the suburban estates had to be destroyed when the city’s fortifications were erected. In the 1870’s and 80’s missionaries from Mobile to China took live oak acorns with them and planted groves which still flourish there. They brought back to Mobile the tallow and camphor tree which are so familiar along our city’s streets. And so it has been, down through our history for more than two hundred and seventy-five years. (Extract from a brochure printed in 1977 by the South Alabama Botanical & Horticultural Society for fundraising purposes) Founding members who lead the Society through its organization were: Tom
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şeren ot toplulukları, yosun ve çalı türü bitkilerden oluşur. Yukarıda bazı özellikleri verilen iklim tipi aşağıdakilerden hangisidir? A) Muson iklimi B) Tundraiklimi C) Karasal iklim D) Subtropikal iklim E) Akdeniz iklimi Soru: Aşağıdakilerden hangisi, ılıman okyanus ikliminin görüldüğü yerlerde yıl içinde sıcaklık farkının az olmasının temel nedenidir? A) Batı rüzgârları kuşağında yer alması B) Denizellik ve nem etkisinin fazla olması C) Sıcak su akıntılarının etkili olması D) Bitki örtüsünün orman olması E) Güneş ışınlarının değişim açısının az olması High fish consumption is characteristic of Japanese-American men of the Honolulu Heart Program (HHP). Analyses of data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study suggest high fish intake protects the lung against smoking damage. Measurements of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and smoking status in the HHP cohort were done at the first examination in 1965-68. Among 8,006 men, 45 to 68 yr, 6,346 had acceptable spirograms. Within current smokers, 1,545 men consumed fish less than twice a week, and 1,264 ate fish twice a week or more. Controlling for cigarettes/d, age, height, and daily calories, separate regression models indicated an average decrease of -10.1 ml for each additional yr of smoking (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: -13.6, -6.5) at low levels of fish intake, and a decrease of -4.4 ml (95% CI: -8.2, -0.6) at high levels. The coefficients were significantly different (p = 0.03). These differences reflect a predicted FEV1 144 ml (95% CI: 62, 227) higher in the high fish group at > or = 40 yr of smoking, but no difference at < or = 35 yr. Similar analyses were conducted for cigarettes/d. On average, the FEV1 decline for each additional cigarette/d was not significantly different among subjects with low versus high fish intake. However, the predicted FEV1 at < or = 30 cigarettes/d was 52 ml (95% CI: 17, 87) higher in the high fish consumption group. No significant difference in FEV1 was noted between groups at > 30 cigarettes/d. These findings suggest that the protective role of fish is "saturated" at higher "doses" of cigarette smoking. Dopo due anni difficili a Los Angeles, la seconda scelta del Draft 2015 ha cominciato il suo percorso di rinascita dai Brooklyn Nets – ed è pronto al salto di qualità Il 9 aprile 2017 lo Staples Center di Los Angeles vede i Lakers affrontare i Minnesota Timberwolves, e l’atmosfera al palazzetto è, per una volta, positiva: Phoenix ha appena battuto Dallas in casa, e con ciò i gialloviola possono “vantare” il penultimo record della lega, che permetterebbe loro una buona probabilità di vincere uno dei tre posti in Lottery, e di conseguenza conservare la propria prima scelta (che altrimenti, dal quarto posto in avanti, verrebbe automaticamente ceduta agli Orlando Magic). L’atmosfera non è altrettanto gioiosa in casa di D’Angelo Russell, che ha appena ricevuto la notizia della morte di sua nonna, cui era particolarmente affezionato: dopo aver inutilmente cercato un volo dell’ultimo minuto per rientrare a Louisville, si rassegna a dover giocare la gara, e scende in campo insieme ai compagni. La partita non è particolarmente entusiasmante: i Lakers, che vengono da tre vittorie consecutive, sembrano poter scappare via nel secondo quarto, ma nel terzo e quarto periodo Karl-Anthony Towns e Andrew Wiggins fanno quello che vogliono, e i padroni di casa riescono a stento a tenere il risultato in equilibrio. Si arriva all’ultima azione della partita con L.A. sotto di due e palla in mano; l’ultimo tiro è una tripla dall’angolo di Metta World Peace, che esita per un paio di attimi e scaglia una pallonata di rara bruttezza, danneggiando la parte esterna del ferro. Il rimbalzo però è talmente strano e imprevedibile che finisce nelle mani di Julius Randle: scarico immediato a Russell e tripla sulla sirena che rimbalza sul primo e poi sul secondo ferro, prima di impennarsi e scivolare in fondo alla retina. Le emozioni che ne derivano sono ovviamente contrastanti: i compagni di Russell sono in visibilio, ma lui corre subito in tribuna a cercare i suoi parenti per un commosso abbraccio. Lo Staples Center nel frattempo esulta, ma con giudizio: vincere all’ultimo tiro è sempre bello, ma questa specifica vittoria riconsegna ai Suns la seconda posizione in Lottery, relegando (definitivamente) i Lakers al terzo posto, l’ultimo utile prima dell’incubo di perdere la prima scelta. Questo contrasto di emozioni è accentuato, a posteriori, quando ci si rende conto che quella è stata l’ultima giocata decisiva di D’Angelo Russell in maglia Lakers: una sensazione dolce-amara, e quindi adattissima a riassumere le prime due stagioni nella NBA di D’Angelo Russell, alias @DLoading o D’Angerous. Due anni difficili a L.A. Russell è entrato nella lega da seconda scelta assoluta, forte di un curriculum collegiale di tutto rispetto, trovandosi però immediatamente catapultato nella stagione d’addio di Kobe Bryant, con tutti gli annessi e connessi. Soprattutto, c’era Byron Scott alla guida di quella panchina: difficile trovare qualche aspetto in cui l’ex coach dei Nets sia stato meno che disastroso nel corso del suo periodo gialloviola, ma sicuramente la gestione di Russell è stato uno degli aspetti più deleteri, inspiegabili e fastidiosi, contribuendo in modo decisivo a una stagione quanto mai turbolenta per la convinzione di Scott che quello di cui aveva bisogno il ragazzo fosse un po’ di tough love. Nella partita d’esordio Scott lo ha schierato da guardia tiratrice, salvo ripensarci immediatamente e spostarlo in posizione di point guard alla seconda gara; dopo dieci giorni di stagione, lo ha lasciato punitivamente in panchina per l’intero quarto periodo, senza alcuna spiegazione o motivazione; a dicembre D’Angelo è stato spostato nel secondo quintetto, con la motivazione che “conosce solo il 20% del playbook”. Anno nuovo, vita vecchia: a gennaio Scott lo ha definito prima arrogante e poi pigro, a febbraio immaturo, e in tutto questo D’Angelo ha ammesso di essere in difficoltà e di non sapere letteralmente come relazionarsi con il suo allenatore. Da lì in poi, la situazione ha preso una piega ancora peggiore: il 20 marzo D’Angelo viene accusato, insieme a Nick Young e Jordan Clarkson, di aver rivolto oscenità a una signora dalla loro auto, e il 24 marzo scoppia il caso del video “rubato” a Young nel quale si vanta di aver tradito Iggy Azalea, scatenando immediatamente una vera e propria guerra fredda in spogliatoio, soprattutto con lo stesso Young e Lou Williams. Tough Love La seconda stagione in maglia Lakers inizia con premesse totalmente differenti: c’è un nuovo allenatore, Luke Walton, forte di una personalità e un approccio diametralmente opposti a quelli di Scott. C’è un nuovo ambiente, concentrato finalmente sullo sviluppo dei giovani: nuovi spazi e nuove opportunità anche in campo, grazie ai minuti e ai possessi “liberati” dall’addio di Kobe. C’è una Summer League giocata da adulto in mezzo ai bambini, e culminata con un buzzer beater da giocatore di categoria superiore. La stagione, in effetti, si rivela nel complesso positiva: D’Angerous tiene cifre in linea con il rendimento delle migliori guardie dell’NBA al loro anno da sophomore, soprattutto dopo l’All-Star Game. Gioca sia da play che lontano dalla palla, da titolare e da prima opzione, ma anche da sesto uomo di lusso, mettendosi sempre a disposizione degli esperimenti tattici di Walton: in definitiva, fa vedere di poter mettere a referto partite da un punto al minuto e gare da facilitatore puro. Sembrava tutto pronto per una sua definitiva affermazione come pietra angolare della ricostruzione gialloviola, anche eventualmente insieme a Lonzo Ball: gli è mancata, però, la fiducia della dirigenza, e in particolare di Magic Johnson. Il nuovo Presidente gialloviola, che da tifoso V.I.P. lo definiva “una futura superstar” offrendosi di “fargli da mentore”, ha cambiato radicalmente atteggiamento una volta divenuto il suo effettivo datore di lavoro: prodigo di entusiasmo, apprezzamenti e consigli per chiunque, Magic è sempre stato avaro di buone parole soltanto nei confronti di Russell. Mentre altri giovani Lakers venivano esaltati ad ogni possibile occasione, di D’Angelo venivano sottolineati quasi esclusivamente i lati negativi: emblematica l’intervista in cui, a domanda su cosa dovessero migliorare alcuni dei suoi pupilli, lui rispose “deve diventare un pochino più forte fisicamente” per Ingram, “l’uso della mano destra” per Randle, “il ball-handling” per Clarkson, “il tiro dai 5-6 metri” per Nance. E Russell? “D’Angelo deve prendere decisioni migliori, deve imparare ad essere un leader e diventare un difensore migliore; e ovviamente deve lavorare molto duro in estate e rientrare in condizioni fisiche migliori”. Tough love, ancora una volta. E nemmeno troppo love, perché poche settimane dopo D’Angelo si ritrova in maglia Nets, ridotto al ruolo di dolcificante e contentino per invogliare Brooklyn ad accollarsi il clamoroso albatross del contratto di Timofey Mozgov, dopo essersi visto offrire praticamente a tutta la lega in sede di Draft. N:OW La sua carriera, di fatto, inizia ora, anzi “N:OW”, come recita il suo ultimo tatuaggio: libero dalla soffocante attenzione mediatica e dalla pressione dei tifosi di L.A., D’Angelo arriva a Brooklyn accolto come un redentore, una seconda scelta assoluta ritrovata quasi per caso, dopo aver scelleratamente gettato via tre prime scelte (più una) nella trade Garnett-Pierce. Impossibile non tifare per una storia del genere, impossibile non tifare per un giocatore del genere, esteticamente entusiasmante: tiratore elegante, naturale, con un rilascio compatto e veloce e una parabola perfettamente arcuata; passatore preciso ed creativo, non certo esplosivo nel primo passo, ma palleggiatore fluido e sempre in controllo: non per niente a Ohio State il suo soprannome era silk. In queste prime settimane stagionali ha già mostrato significativi passi avanti in alcuni degli aspetti del suo gioco che necessitavano di miglioramento, come ad esempio il gioco dalla media distanza. In questo inizio di stagione segna col 50%, dopo che nei primi due anni si era fermato al 38% e al 40%. In generale, il miglioramento nella percentuale di tiro effettiva (salita al 54.8%) è eccellente [dati: Cleaning The Glass] Ovviamente non sono tutte rose e fiori, e c’è ancora molto da lavorare: dovrà migliorare la sua condizione fisica e il suo atletismo, in modo da poter diventare un fattore anche in difesa – o quantomeno non esserne uno negativo. In attacco invece ha già tutte le qualità necessarie per diventare uno degli esterni più immarcabili della lega, deve solo imparare a sfruttarle meglio, in modo più coerente e funzionale. Non che sia esattamente facile: spesso non riesce ad armonizzare tra loro le sue potenzialità di scorer e passatore, concentrandosi esclusivamente su uno dei due aspetti e tralasciando l’altro; oppure pensa troppo a quale possa essere l’opzione migliore in una determinate situazione, lasciandosi scappare l’attimo migliore. Fare reparto con Jeremy Lin avrebbe potuto svilupparne ulteriormente le potenzialità, liberandolo di tanto in tanto dei compiti di playmaking; il grave infortunio di Linsanity renderà più difficile il compito, ma ci sono tutte le condizioni per permettergli di raggiungere la sua naturale evoluzione da lead guard moderna: non un play, non una guardia, ma semplicemente un esterno di puro talento, in grado sia di creare per i compagni che di finalizzare in proprio per ricoprire il ruolo di motore di un attacco efficiente. L’NBA si stava quasi per dimenticare di D’Angelo Russell e dei Brooklyn Nets, ma forse è arrivato il momento di rimetterli in rotazione nel vostro League Pass. XL è una produzione di BVS (Birrificio Valdarno Superiore), marchio attivo dal 2013 e operante a Pergine Valdarno (AR). Trae ispirazione dalla tipologia delle Wood Aged, espressione generica usata per riferirsi a birre affinate in legno, tramite botti impiegate in precedenza per vino, altri alcolici e distillati. Nel profilo aromatico si ritrovano note di legno. Subtitling in the linguistic sense is the systematic time-based representation of source video to a language in written form, including timelines. The source is generally in a video format and is a transcript, including start and end time of each dialogue. In ordinary terms, it means watching a video and typing in text with each dialogue having a start and end time. Unlike translation where the source and target language are always different, in subtitling, it can be the same. The charges are therefore on a per minute basis and not on per word basis (as in translation). These days the format generally used for video translation is .srt format. Subtitles are transcripts or screenplay of the dialog or commentary on films, television programs, video games, and usually displayed at the bottom of the screen. They can also be at the top of the screen if there is already a text at the bottom of the screen. They can either be a form of written translation of a dialog in a foreign language or a written rendering of the dialog in the same language. The subtitles help viewers who have hearing loss or cannot understand the spoken dialogue or have accent recognition problems to follow the dialog. Focusing is a vital constituent to anything you carry out. Concentration and attention are required if you want to achieve victory in any area of life whether at school, college, at home or at office. Lack of focus is considered to be the killer of incentives and motivation. Our drive and courage is always attacked by some negative thoughts that come to our mind. We all face qualm, depression and tensions. What apart the highly victorious is the skill to continue moving forward. Many time, people are motivated enough to perform their tasks but due to certain problems, they lose interest. This is the major problem among all of us. We start lacking faith in our abilities and feel fear from failure because of some past failure. Lack of confidence, laziness and habit of procrastination may also contribute to this. But what do
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|Title:||Use decimal.Decimal type for timestamps| |Author:||Victor Stinner <vstinner at redhat.com>| - Rejection Notice - Backwards Compatibility - Objection: clocks accuracy - Alternatives: Timestamp types - Alternatives: API design This PEP is rejected. See https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2012-February/116837.html. Decimal becomes the official type for high-resolution timestamps to make Python support new functions using a nanosecond resolution without loss of precision. Python 2.3 introduced float timestamps to support sub-second resolutions. os.stat() uses float timestamps by default since Python 2.5. Python 3.3 introduced functions supporting nanosecond resolutions: - os module: futimens(), utimensat() - time module: clock_gettime(), clock_getres(), monotonic(), wallclock() os.stat() reads nanosecond timestamps but returns timestamps as float. The Python float type uses binary64 format of the IEEE 754 standard. With a resolution of one nanosecond (10-9), float timestamps lose precision for values bigger than 224 seconds (194 days: 1970-07-14 for an Epoch timestamp). Nanosecond resolution is required to set the exact modification time on filesystems supporting nanosecond timestamps (e.g. ext4, btrfs, NTFS, ...). It helps also to compare the modification time to check if a file is newer than another file. Use cases: copy the modification time of a file using shutil.copystat(), create a TAR archive with the tarfile module, manage a mailbox with the mailbox module, etc. An arbitrary resolution is preferred over a fixed resolution (like nanosecond) to not have to change the API when a better resolution is required. For example, the NTP protocol uses fractions of 232 seconds (approximatively 2.3 × 10-10 second), whereas the NTP protocol version 4 uses fractions of 264 seconds (5.4 × 10-20 second). With a resolution of 1 microsecond (10-6), float timestamps lose precision for values bigger than 233 seconds (272 years: 2242-03-16 for an Epoch timestamp). With a resolution of 100 nanoseconds (10-7, resolution used on Windows), float timestamps lose precision for values bigger than 229 seconds (17 years: 1987-01-05 for an Epoch timestamp). Add decimal.Decimal as a new type for timestamps. Decimal supports any timestamp resolution, support arithmetic operations and is comparable. It is possible to coerce a Decimal to float, even if the conversion may lose precision. The clock resolution can also be stored in a Decimal object. Add an optional timestamp argument to: - os module: fstat(), fstatat(), lstat(), stat() (st_atime, st_ctime and st_mtime fields of the stat structure), sched_rr_get_interval(), times(), wait3() and wait4() - resource module: ru_utime and ru_stime fields of getrusage() - signal module: getitimer(), setitimer() - time module: clock(), clock_gettime(), clock_getres(), monotonic(), time() and wallclock() The timestamp argument value can be float or Decimal, float is still the default for backward compatibility. The following functions support Decimal as input: - datetime module: date.fromtimestamp(), datetime.fromtimestamp() and datetime.utcfromtimestamp() - os module: futimes(), futimesat(), lutimes(), utime() - select module: epoll.poll(), kqueue.control(), select() - signal module: setitimer(), sigtimedwait() - time module: ctime(), gmtime(), localtime(), sleep() The os.stat_float_times() function is deprecated: use an explicit cast using int() instead. The decimal module is implemented in Python and is slower than float, but there is a new C implementation which is almost ready for inclusion in CPython. The default timestamp type (float) is unchanged, so there is no impact on backward compatibility nor on performances. The new timestamp type, decimal.Decimal, is only returned when requested explicitly. Computer clocks and operating systems are inaccurate and fail to provide nanosecond accuracy in practice. A nanosecond is what it takes to execute a couple of CPU instructions. Even on a real-time operating system, a nanosecond-precise measurement is already obsolete when it starts being processed by the higher-level application. A single cache miss in the CPU will make the precision worthless. Linux actually is able to measure time in nanosecond precision, even though it is not able to keep its clock synchronized to UTC with a nanosecond accuracy. To support timestamps with an arbitrary or nanosecond resolution, the following types have been considered: - number of nanoseconds - 128-bits float - tuple of integers - timespec structure - Doing arithmetic on timestamps must be possible - Timestamps must be comparable - An arbitrary resolution, or at least a resolution of one nanosecond without losing precision - It should be possible to coerce the new timestamp to float for backward compatibility A resolution of one nanosecond is enough to support all current C functions. The best resolution used by operating systems is one nanosecond. In practice, most clock accuracy is closer to microseconds than nanoseconds. So it sounds reasonable to use a fixed resolution of one nanosecond. A nanosecond resolution is enough for all current C functions and so a timestamp can simply be a number of nanoseconds, an integer, not a float. The number of nanoseconds format has been rejected because it would require to add new specialized functions for this format because it not possible to differentiate a number of nanoseconds and a number of seconds just by checking the object type. Add a new IEEE 754-2008 quad-precision binary float type. The IEEE 754-2008 quad precision float has 1 sign bit, 15 bits of exponent and 112 bits of mantissa. 128-bits float is supported by GCC (4.3), Clang and ICC compilers. Python must be portable and so cannot rely on a type only available on some platforms. For example, Visual C++ 2008 doesn't support 128-bits float, whereas it is used to build the official Windows executables. Another example: GCC 4.3 does not support __float128 in 32-bit mode on x86 (but GCC 4.4 does). There is also a license issue: GCC uses the MPFR library for 128-bits float, library distributed under the GNU LGPL license. This license is not compatible with the Python license. The x87 floating point unit of Intel CPU supports 80-bit floats. This format is not supported by the SSE instruction set, which is now preferred over float, especially on x86_64. Other CPU vendors don't support 80-bit float. The datetime.datetime type is the natural choice for a timestamp because it is clear that this type contains a timestamp, whereas int, float and Decimal are raw numbers. It is an absolute timestamp and so is well defined. It gives direct access to the year, month, day, hours, minutes and seconds. It has methods related to time like methods to format the timestamp as string (e.g. datetime.datetime.strftime). The major issue is that except os.stat(), time.time() and time.clock_gettime(time.CLOCK_GETTIME), all time functions have an unspecified starting point and no timezone information, and so cannot be converted to datetime.datetime. datetime.datetime has also issues with timezone. For example, a datetime object without timezone (unaware) and a datetime with a timezone (aware) cannot be compared. There is also an ordering issues with daylight saving time (DST) in the duplicate hour of switching from DST to normal time. datetime.datetime has been rejected because it cannot be used for functions using an unspecified starting point like os.times() or time.clock(). For time.time() and time.clock_gettime(time.CLOCK_GETTIME): it is already possible to get the current time as a datetime.datetime object using: For os.stat(), it is simple to create a datetime.datetime object from a decimal.Decimal timestamp in the UTC timezone: datetime.datetime only supports microsecond resolution, but can be enhanced to support nanosecond. datetime.timedelta is the natural choice for a relative timestamp because it is clear that this type contains a timestamp, whereas int, float and Decimal are raw numbers. It can be used with datetime.datetime to get an absolute timestamp when the starting point is known. datetime.timedelta has been rejected because it cannot be coerced to float and has a fixed resolution. One new standard timestamp type is enough, Decimal is preferred over datetime.timedelta. Converting a datetime.timedelta to float requires an explicit call to the datetime.timedelta.total_seconds() method. datetime.timedelta only supports microsecond resolution, but can be enhanced to support nanosecond. To expose C functions in Python, a tuple of integers is the natural choice to store a timestamp because the C language uses structures with integers fields (e.g. timeval and timespec structures). Using only integers avoids the loss of precision (Python supports integers of arbitrary length). Creating and parsing a tuple of integers is simple and fast. Depending of the exact format of the tuple, the precision can be arbitrary or fixed. The precision can be choose as the loss of precision is smaller than an arbitrary limit like one nanosecond. Different formats have been proposed: - A: (numerator, denominator) - value = numerator / denominator - resolution = 1 / denominator - denominator > 0 - B: (seconds, numerator, denominator) - value = seconds + numerator / denominator - resolution = 1 / denominator - 0 <= numerator < denominator - denominator > 0 - C: (intpart, floatpart, base, exponent) - value = intpart + floatpart / baseexponent - resolution = 1 / base exponent - 0 <= floatpart < base exponent - base > 0 - exponent >= 0 - D: (intpart, floatpart, exponent) - value = intpart + floatpart / 10exponent - resolution = 1 / 10 exponent - 0 <= floatpart < 10 exponent - exponent >= 0 - E: (sec, nsec) - value = sec + nsec × 10-9 - resolution = 10 -9 (nanosecond) - 0 <= nsec < 10 9 All formats support an arbitrary resolution, except of the format (E). The format (D) may not be able to store the exact value (may loss of precision) if the clock frequency is arbitrary and cannot be expressed as a power of 10. The format (C) has a similar issue, but in such case, it is possible to use base=frequency and exponent=1. The formats (C), (D) and (E) allow optimization for conversion to float if the base is 2 and to decimal.Decimal if the base is 10. The format (A) is a simple fraction. It supports arbitrary precision, is simple (only two fields), only requires a simple division to get the floating point value, and is already used by float.as_integer_ratio(). To simplify the implementation (especially the C implementation to avoid integer overflow), a numerator bigger than the denominator can be accepted. The tuple may be normalized later. Tuple of integers have been rejected because they don't support arithmetic operations. On Windows, the QueryPerformanceCounter() clock uses the frequency of the processor which is an arbitrary number and so may not be a power or 2 or 10. The frequency can be read using QueryPerformanceFrequency(). timespec is the C structure used to store timestamp with a nanosecond resolution. Python can use a type with the same structure: (seconds, nanoseconds). For convenience, arithmetic operations on timespec are supported. Example of an incomplete timespec type supporting addition, subtraction and coercion to float: class timespec(tuple): def __new__(cls, sec, nsec): if not isinstance(sec, int): raise TypeError if not isinstance(nsec, int): raise TypeError asec, nsec = divmod(nsec, 10 ** 9) sec += asec obj = tuple.__new__(cls, (sec, nsec)) obj.sec = sec obj.nsec = nsec return obj def __float__(self): return self.sec + self.nsec * 1e-9 def total_nanoseconds(self): return self.sec * 10 ** 9 + self.nsec def __add__(self, other): if not isinstance(other, timespec): raise TypeError ns_sum = self.total_nanoseconds() + other.total_nanoseconds() return timespec(*divmod(ns_sum, 10 ** 9)) def __sub__(self, other): if not isinstance(other, timespec): raise TypeError ns_diff = self.total_nanoseconds() - other.total_nanoseconds() return timespec(*divmod(ns_diff, 10 ** 9)) def __str__(self): if self.sec < 0 and self.nsec: sec = abs(1 + self.sec) nsec = 10**9 - self.nsec return '-%i.%09u' % (sec, nsec) else: return '%i.%09u' % (self.sec, self.nsec) def __repr__(self): return '<timespec(%s, %s)>' % (self.sec, self.nsec) The timespec type is similar to the format (E) of tuples of integer, except that it supports arithmetic and coercion to float. The timespec type was rejected because it only supports nanosecond resolution and requires to implement each arithmetic operation, whereas the Decimal type is already implemented and well tested. Add a string argument to function returning timestamps, example: time.time(format="datetime"). A string is more extensible than a type: it is possible to request a format that has no type, like a tuple of integers. This API was rejected because it was necessary to import implicitly modules to instantiate objects (e.g. import datetime to create datetime.datetime). Importing a module may raise an exception and may be slow, such behaviour is unexpected and surprising. A global flag like os.stat_decimal_times(), similar to os.stat_float_times(), can be added to set globally the timestamp type. A global flag may cause issues with libraries and applications expecting float instead of Decimal. Decimal is not fully compatible with float. float+Decimal raises a TypeError for example. The os.stat_float_times() case is different because an int can be coerced to float and int+float gives float. Instead of hard coding how timestamps are created, a new protocol can be added to create a timestamp from a fraction. For example, time.time(timestamp=type) would call the class method type.__fromfraction__(numerator, denominator) to create a timestamp object of the specified type. If the type doesn't support the protocol, a fallback is used: type(numerator) / type(denominator). A variant is to use a "converter" callback to create a timestamp. Example creating a float timestamp: def timestamp_to_float(numerator, denominator): return float(numerator) / float(denominator) Common converters can be provided by time, datetime and other modules, or maybe a specific "hires" module. Users can define their own converters. Such protocol has a limitation: the
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