id
int32 0
398k
| text
stringlengths 204
42k
| educational_score
float32 1
5
| domain
class label 3
classes | document_type
class label 4
classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
162,364 |
Although, only a few of included studies reported essential information about clinicopathological features, we explored the clinicopathological significance of TAMs. In our meta-analysis, the pooled results showed both high CD68+ TAMs and M2-TAMs were associated with tumor necrosis and advanced nuclear grade. Furthermore, we also found high M2-TAMs were more common to be observed in ccRCC with advanced UICC stage and tumor-stage (T-stage). These findings supported the prognostic value of TAMs in ccRCC.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
395,846 |
We considered calculating pseudotime by projecting each cell on to the principal curve of the first two principal components of the top 500 most highly variable genes (Supplementary Fig. 7B). Principal curve analysis was performed using the R package princurve42. There was a Pearson correlation of 0.86 between the principal curve pseudotime and the pseudotime definition we used.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
161,323 |
The females’ talent ID test results best explained their best WTS ranking. According to the value of the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2a) (p ≤ 0.007), 33.6% of the total variance in best female ranking at the end of the season was explained by 4RR1000, TS100 and 4RS1000. The regression equation was:Female RankWTS = −960.306 + 7.060 × 4RS1000 − 2.852 × 4RR1000 + 10.285 × TS100 (1)
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
88,546 |
Initial analysis with regard to the relationship between financial difficulties and demographic variables revealed that females (44.6%) were more likely than males (32.6%) to report financial difficulties [χ(1,1,215) = 18.31, p < 0.001], and those with primary education (53.0%) were more likely to report financial difficulties than those with secondary (38.7%) or university (34.3%) education [χ(2,1,208) = 22.61, p < 0.001].
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
294,435 |
To explain this property, we first introduce the notion of conditional independence. Let {PrE}E⊆Ω be a conditional probability structure, and let D and E be two events (i.e., subsets of Ω). We say that D and E are independent if PrD(E) = PrΩ(E) and PrE(D) = PrΩ(D).37 Informally, if we interpret probabilities as encoding “information”, this means that learning whether or not D has occurred provides no information about whether or not E will occur, and vice versa.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
300,150 |
While revising your submission, please upload your figure files to the Preflight Analysis and Conversion Engine (PACE) digital diagnostic tool, https://pacev2.apexcovantage.com/. PACE helps ensure that figures meet PLOS requirements. To use PACE, you must first register as a user. Registration is free. Then, login and navigate to the UPLOAD tab, where you will find detailed instructions on how to use the tool. If you encounter any issues or have any questions when using PACE, please email PLOS at figures@plos.org. Please note that Supporting Information files do not need this step.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
373,854 |
Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is among the most formidable complications after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), threatening to prolong hospitalization, increasing medical treatment costs, imposing catastrophic abscess or hemorrhage, and heightening morbidity/mortality rates 1-8. Surgical and technologic advancements have dramatically reduced procedure-related mortality, but rates of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) have remained unchanged (~11-15%) 3. Managing CR-POPF is thus a high-priority issue for pancreatic surgeons, who need sensitive predictors of CR-POPF to identify high-risk patients and adjust intra- or postoperative care accordingly.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
135,910 |
Besides enhanced drought and salinity tolerance, the overexpression of OsRF1 in rice displayed growth retardation (Supplementary Figure 3B) and seed-dormant phenotypes (Supplementary Figures 3D,E). Plants develop an adaptation mechanism to restrain growth under unfavorable environmental conditions. Growth-repressing DELLA proteins, key negative regulators of GA signaling, play essential role to permit flexible plant growth against adverse conditions (Achard et al., 2006). It is assumed that the growth phenotype of OsRF1-OE rice is closely correlated with DELLA proteins because of higher accumulation of ABA and/or ABA hypersensitivity (Figures 2, 3, 7). To date, whether ABA inhibits GA signaling by stabilizing DELLA proteins to restrain growth under stress conditions is controversial. While Achard et al. (2006) reported that ABA protects GFP-RGA fusion protein from GA-induced degradation (Achard et al., 2006), ABA pretreatment could not affect endogenous RGA levels in the presence or absence of GA (Zentella et al., 2007), and ABA had no effect on the GA-induced degradation of SLN1, a barley DELLA protein (Gubler et al., 2002). In our present study, we examined the endogenous levels of SLR1, a rice DELLA protein, in WT and OsRF1-OE rice and found that the SLR1 protein accumulated at a higher level with the ABA treatment (Figures 7A,B). We further demonstrated that the GA-dependent rapid degradation of the SLR1 protein was significantly delayed in the OsRF1-OE seedlings compared to WT (Figure 7B). In line with this, the OsRF1-OE rice diminished GA response in stimulating leaf sheath elongation (Figure 3). Based on these results, we proposed that OsRF1 plays an important role in the regulatory circuit between ABA and GA pathway. OsRF1 not only intensified the ABA signaling pathway by accelerating ABA-induced OsPP2C09 protein degradation, but it also diminished the GA signaling pathway by protecting of the SLR1 protein from GA-induced degradation (Figure 8). As a result, OsRF1 concurrently functions to restrict growth and enhance stress response (Figure 8). With regard this aspect, it is noteworthy that the GA-induced SLR1 protein degradation was promoted in the OsPP2C09-OE transgenic rice compared to the WT plants (Figure 7C). Protein kinases and phosphatases have been suggested to play important roles in the stability of DELLA proteins and GA signaling. A type-1 protein phosphatase, TOPP4, destabilizes Arabidopsis DELLA proteins by dephosphorylation (Qin et al., 2014). In rice, a casein kinase, early flowering 1 (EL1) stabilizes the SLR1 protein by phosphorylation (Dai and Xue, 2010). These reports and our data support a potential role of OsPP2C09 in controlling SLR1 protein stability and GA signaling in rice. Miao et al. (2020) recently suggested OsPP2C09 as an essential player in balancing plant growth and drought tolerance in rice (Miao et al., 2020). The interplay between OsRF1 and OsPP2C09-mediated ABA-dependent pathway for regulating GA signaling and growth response under stress conditions needs to be further elucidated.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
198,148 |
The multifracture horizontal well is about 4125.65 ft in the total wellbore length and around 0.33 ft in the wellbore radius. Ten fracturing stages are equidistantly distributed along the horizontal wellbore, and hydraulic fractures penetrate the entire formation in the direction of formation height. Typical heterogeneity-related parameters, such as fractal dimension 2.05, Euclidean-embedding dimension 2.0, and fractal connectivity index 0.05, are considered. Crude oil is produced from the horizontal wellbore at a constant production rate. Other significant data are listed in Table 2.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
73,550 |
For RccR ligand identification, binding experiments were run to measure the association of RccR with aceE, aceA and rccR consensus sequences in the presence of different carbon metabolites. Several samples (RccR—hypothetical ligand mixes) were prepared, so that RccR protein was diluted to 0.5 μM in running buffer containing the tested ligand at different concentrations (0-1-10-100-1000 μM) with a final composition matching the running buffer. The %Rmax bound, assuming a single RccR dimer binding to one immobilized ds DNA oligomer was calculated (S6 Table).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
293,836 |
The number of females trapped was significantly higher (30.07 ± 6.43) than the number of males (16.00 ± 4.02) (MCP: z = 2.933, P = 0.00335) (Fig 8). The number of female P. perniciosus trapped in cages baited with the infected dog (59.44 ± 11.82) was significantly greater than the number of males trapped (34.11 ± 8.18) (EMMEANS: z = 2.933, P = 0.0393). Similarly, the number of female P. perniciosus trapped in the cage baited with the uninfected dog (29.11 ± 7.31) was significantly greater than the number of males trapped (11.78 ± 4.70) (EMMEANS: z = 2.933, P = 0.0393). The number of male P. perniciosus trapped in cages baited with the infected dog (34.11±8.18) was significantly greater than the mean number of males trapped in the cage baited with the uninfected dog (11.78 + 4.70) (EMMEANS: z = 3.666, P = 0.0034) (Fig 8). Similarly, the mean number of females P. perniciosus trapped in the cage baited with the infected dog (59.44 + 11.82) was significantly higher than the mean number of females trapped in cages baited with the uninfected dog (29.11 + 7.31) (EMMEANS: z = 3.666, P = 0.0034).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
362,843 |
Histology of the ventral nerve cord. Semi-thin cross sections, toluidine blue staining. On the left are sections through the ganglion, on the right sections through the connectives, in the middle details of the ventral nerve cord. a1, a2:Prosphaerosyllis marmarae. The ventral nerve cord is separated into three ventral nerves in the region of the ganglion, a median nerve and two main nerves. The connectives are separated into several bundles (8 or 9), but a consistent number could not be identified. The bundles lie adjacent to each other. b1, b2: Sphaerosyllis taylori. Inside the ganglion the ventral nerve cord is separated into three bundles, too. The connectives are separated into several bundles, similar to Pr. Marmarae, but impossible to count. c1, c2: Plakosyllis brevipes. Three nerves can be recognised inside the ganglion and five connectives are present between ganglia, which are hardly touching each other. Segmental neurite bundle II branches off the ganglion. d1, d2: Syllis tyrrhena. Three nerves can be recognised inside the ganglion, but may fuse in some regions. Separate neurite bundles are difficult to distinguish in the connective, which seem to be fused. e1, e2: Syllis garciai. No cross sections of regions behind the proventricle were produced of S. garciai. In anterior sections separate nerves are neither in the ganglion nor in the connectives clearly distinguishable. Scale bars: Overview = 50 μm, insets = 25 μm. Abbreviations: ac – acicle; acm – acicular muscle; bl – extracellular matrix; bv – blood vessel; ch – chaetae; cp – cuticularised layer of pharynx; dc – dorsal cirrus; dlm – dorsal longitudinal muscle; dvm – dorsoventral muscles; ep – epidermal layer of pharynx; glp – paryngeal glands; int – intestine; mn – median nerve; mlp – muscular layer of pharynx; mvn – main ventral nerve; oc – oocyte; pg – parapodial gland; pmn – paramedian ventral nerve; so – somata; sp. – sensory papilla; spc – spermatocyte; vc – ventral cirrus; vlm – ventral longitudinal muscle; vm – median longitudinal muscle above ventral nerve cord. Segmental neurite bundles in yellow: II – segmental neurite bundle II
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
360,862 |
(A) Whereas sonography was normal, (B) MRCP revealed irregular bile ducts leading to the suspected diagnosis of secondary sclerosing cholangitis (SSC). (C, D): Histologic specimen of the same patient showing signs of vascular- (C) and bile duct-associated (D) inflammation, which is typical for misguided immunoreaction like in rejection reaction. The diagnosis of SSC could not be confirmed.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
135,934 |
Interestingly, our analyses of CRC tissues and IECs from IEC-miR-146a−/− mice (Fig. 4o–r) and miR-146a−/− mice (Supplementary Fig. 4l–o) revealed higher RNA and protein levels of prostaglandin E synthase 2 (PTGES2), a major enzyme involved in PGE2 synthesis, which converts PGH2 to PGE248. PTGES2 levels were also increased in miR-146a−/− IECs directly stimulated with IL-17 (Fig. 4s). These findings led us to test whether miR-146a directly regulated PGE2 by targeting PTGES2 (in addition to indirectly regulating PGE2 by limiting IL-17R-induced TRAF6 and Cox-2). In agreement with a report on neuronal stem cells49, our in silico analysis using the RNAhybrid tool37 suggested that miR-146a binds to PTGES2 (Fig. 4t). To determine whether miR-146a targets PTGES2 in IECs to limit PGE2 levels, we performed luciferase assays in an IEC line (CMT-93) transfected with a luciferase construct containing PTGES2 3′-UTR in the presence of control or miR-146a mimic. We found that miR-146a inhibited the luciferase activity of a reporter containing PTGES2 3′-UTR (Fig. 4u). We also validated miR-146a binding to PTGES2 by streptavidin pulldown from IECs transfected with biotinylated miR-146a mimics (Fig. 4v). These findings indicated that PTGES2 was a direct target of miR-146a. Consistent with increased IL-17-mediated tumorigenic signaling, including PGE2 in IECs, we found miR-146a−/− CRC tissues expressed higher levels of Ki67, a marker of proliferation (Fig. 4w). Finally, we demonstrated that blocking IL-17 signaling by IL-17 neutralization during CRC could ameliorate the enhanced CRC severity we observed in IEC-miR-146a−/− mice (Fig. 4x, y) and global miR-146a−/− mice (Supplementary Fig. 4p, q). Altogether, these data suggested that miR-146a limits tumorigenic IL-17R signaling in IECs by three interlinked mechanisms: (1) preventing NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways by targeting TRAF6; (2) limiting PGE2 levels by targeting IL-17R-TRAF6-mediated induction of Cox-2; and (3) directly targeting PTGES2, an enzyme that converts PGH2 to PGE248, to confer protection against CRC (Fig. 4z). Our results support an IEC-intrinsic effect of miR-146a-deficiency leading to enhanced CRC development.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
222,446 |
A review of the literature has revealed that so far, few studies have examined the changes in consumers’ motivations for buying food in the context of the COVID epidemic. Consequently, our most crucial goal is to examine the motivations of the Hungarian population for food purchases during the restrictions caused by the first wave of COVID-19. In our study, we analyze whether the motivations of the Hungarian population to buy food have changed as a result of the emergency generated by the pandemic. For comparability, we assessed the pre-pandemic situation, which we compared with the situation in the first wave. Ideally, our findings would provide guidance to food producers on how to change their products, sales channels, and communications in response to the expected additional needs, in line with the changing needs of consumers.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
59,523 |
As for neurogenesis, correlation analyses were conducted to establish a potential relationship between neurotrophin levels in stressed animals and behavioural measures in the SPT, NSFT, EPT and FST. A significant positive correlation (r= 0.62, P= 0.05) and a trend towards significance (r= 0.59, P= 0.07) were found between sucrose preference scores and hippocampal or PFC BDNF levels, respectively (Figures 6c and d). In contrast, correlations between BDNF levels and latency to feed, time in the open arms of the EPM and immobility time in the FST were not found to be significant (Supplementary Table 4).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
110,750 |
A secondary objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of outpatient LCIG titration, an approach that is more reflective of current clinical practice. The data indicate the success of outpatient titration, with 90% of patients beginning LCIG infusion within the first 48 hours after PEG‐J placement and a majority of patients reaching LCIG dose optimization within one week of their first LCIG infusion. The safety results also suggest that outpatient LCIG titration was generally well tolerated. The percentage of patients in the current study that experienced an AE during the first 4‐weeks following PEG‐J placement (71.8%) was lower than previously reported in other phase 3 LCIG studies that utilized inpatient titration, including a 12‐week, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, double‐dummy clinical trial (% of patients with AE during weeks 1–4 = 86.5%) and a 12‐month open label study (% of patients with AE during weeks 1–4 = 78.4%).24 A similar pattern was observed for SAEs, with a substantially lower percentage of patients reporting a SAE (7.7%) during weeks 1–4 post‐PEG‐J placement in the current study compared to previous phase 3 studies using inpatient titration (% of patients with SAE during weeks 1–4: double‐blind study = 13.5%, open‐label study = 13.5%).24 Additionally, the discontinuation rate during the first 4‐weeks following PEG‐J placement (2.6%) was comparable to the week 1–4 discontinuation rate reported in an integrated analysis of previous phase 3 studies (2.0%).25 In the current study, only one patient discontinued treatment due to an event with onset during the first 4‐weeks of LCIG infusion and the reason for discontinuation was unrelated to the procedure/device.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
81,240 |
Our results require a modification of the so-called dual model for floor plate induction in the chick . According to this model, the anterior floor plate including forebrain and midbrain does not require the notochord and is induced by rapid interaction of shh-negative precursor epiblast (also called area A) with migrating prechordal plate mesoderm, whereas prolonged influence of the notochord is required for floor plate induction in structures generated from HH stage 5 including the hindbrain and spinal cord . Indeed, our data do not contradict the role of prechordal mesoderm and of hedgehog signaling in brain induction (see also . However, as argued above, the proposed induction by the notochord does not fit to continuous and persistent shh expression along the whole floor plate area which emerges after the beginning of node regression and during early somitogenesis (this study). The same time window has been suggested to limit the period of floor plate induction in both mouse and chicken .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
113,857 |
In order to answer these questions, we have identified karyotypes of tadpoles appeared after artificial crosses, determined chromosomal sets transmitted in the oocytes of all females participated in the crossings and assessed the presence of germ cells in the gonads of hybrid tadpoles. We suggest a scheme for diploid and triploid hybrid frog maintenance in the studied R-E system.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
339,916 |
An ideal cardiac regenerative medicine strategy should replace lost CMs and recover myocardial contractility. Recently, efforts have been addressed at reducing the extent of cardiac fibrotic scar, as it reduces the contractile heart functionality (Talman and Ruskoaho, 2016). Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs) represents a new emerging strategy to convert cardiac fibrotic tissue into functional tissue (Bektik and Fu, 2019). Ieda et al. (2010) were the first to report direct reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts into beating iCMs through a simultaneous overexpression of GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4), Myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C), T-box 5 (TBX5) cardiac transcription factors (TFs) both in vitro and in vivo. Later, Song et al. (2012) added Heart and Neural Crest derivatives expressed 2 (HAND2) to the previous combination of cardiac TFs, increasing reprogramming efficiency of mouse fibroblasts in vitro and improving cardiac function of injured hearts in vivo. Since then, several other direct reprogramming strategies have been reported for mouse and human fibroblasts, generally based on gene therapy via viral overexpression of specific cardiac TFs (Chen et al., 2017).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
132,583 |
A limitation of this study is the low proportion of patients registered on the UK database that had full Haemtrack and itemised HJHS data recorded at the time of data collection. The NHD does not report bleed level data on patients who do not use Haemtrack owing to the difficulty in collecting data from paper diaries and established links at each HC through the NHD Haemophilia Centre Information System, limiting analysis to Haemtrack compliant users.20 Bias may have been introduced by the study design through the inability to include those not recording treatment in Haemtrack and those for whom HJHS examinations were not reported or itemised by joint to the NHD. Although this is the largest reported dataset of HJHS, the lack of linkage between elements of the data limits its wider utility. As electronic reporting of HJHS to the NHD becomes more routine and the dataset expands, we will be able link HJHS and joint health to rates of haemarthrosis. Haemtrack data compliance is defined as ≥75% of home delivery treatment received being recorded as used by the patient and so those who met the inclusion criteria are regarded as ‘good reporters’ and deemed likely to be compliant with treatment.20 The current bleeding and joint disease profiles of those who receive and record treatment, but fall below the 75% treatment adherence criteria is unknown.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
385,556 |
This study has several strengths. Firstly, this systematic review restricted studies to those of community-dwelling non-institutionalised residents. Very few, if any, Chinese people have received institutionalised care due to social, cultural and economic reasons. This enables better generalisability of findings to community populations. Secondly, this study included extensive literature searching for studies published in both English and Chinese languages. Thirdly, this study adopted more stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure high quality results. The analyses were based on confirmed, not suspected cases of MCI. Moreover, this systematic review involved a separate analysis on aMCI.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
173,440 |
Of the 493 citations found, five studies were identified (8–12). Characteristics of the five studies are summarized in Table 1 and Figure 1. All studies were observational. The study from Landes et al. was derived from an international registry while the rest were based on national registries from the United States, Germany, Japan, and Israel. Landes and Watanabe included patients with active cancer while Guha, Berkovitch, and Mangner included patients with active or history of malignancy. Berkovitch and Mangner excluded cancer patients with expected survival <1 year, while Watanabe excluded patients with bicuspid or non-calcified aortic valves, severe aortic insufficiency, and patients dependent on dialysis. All studies utilized balloon expandable and self-expanding except the one from Watanabe which included only balloon expandable valves. The baseline age was comparable in all studies (Table 2). The sample of cancer patients who received TAVR included more male patients with higher rates of underlying CAD and dyslipidemia. The control group included patients with higher rates of diabetes, CKD and atrial fibrillation. Patients with cancer had lower mean EuroScore (4.1 vs. 5.1) and STS scores (4.9 vs. 6.3). The clinical outcomes of the included studies are summarized in Table 3 and Figures 2A,B.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
129,149 |
A 32-year-old male with no significant medical history presented to the St. Joseph’s University Medical Center after sustaining multiple gunshot wounds to the abdomen. On arrival at the trauma bay, the patient complained of abdominal pain. On admission, his vital signs were notable for a heart rate of 90 beats per minute and blood pressure of 169/85 mmHg. On examination, the patient was neurologically intact, and cardiac and pulmonary exams were normal. Abdominal examination was notable for peritonitis and a gunshot wound to the anterior right abdomen, and a second wound approximately 4 cm to the left of the midline at the level of L1. Peripheral pulses were intact. The initial chest radiograph showed no abnormality. The abdominal radiograph showed a bullet overlying the right cardiophrenic angle as well as subtle fractures of L1 and L2. The initial focused assessment with sonography in trauma (FAST) exam was negative. On clinical examination, due to peritonitis along with the suspected trajectory of the gunshot wound, the patient was taken to the operating room for further exploration.
| 4 | 1clinical
| 3Clinical case
|
7,891 |
Spot number corresponds to the 2-DE imagines in Figures 2C,D. NMP means the number of peptides. Ratio means the ratio of B-toxic roots to controls and the values were the means ± SE of three replicates. Covered sequence (%) means the ratio of the number of amino acids of the matched peptides to the number of amino acids of the full-length protein. Proteins shared by C. sinensis and C. grandis roots were marked in bold.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
293,419 |
Exposure windows: distal consisted of 9vHPV or 4vHPV vaccine administered from 22 to 16 weeks before LMP, peripregnancy consisted of 9vHPV vaccine administered from 42 days before LMP until LMP, during pregnancy consisted of 9vHPV vaccine administered from LMP to 19 completed weeks’ gestation.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
237,270 |
An event-related potential (ERP) is an electrophysiological measure of the cortical networks involved in cognitive processes, such as attention and working memory (9). Multiple studies have shown that P300, a positive component of ERPs that peaks at ≥300 ms, responds to the sum of activities of multiple generators located in a wide range of cortical and subcortical areas (10). The cognitive component of an ERP reflects changes in attentional resources as well as environment-related attentional updates regulated by attention (11). In fact, many diseases of the neurologic and psychiatric systems, including schizophrenia, migraine, and depression, reduce P300 amplitude or increase its peak latency, indicating a deficit in cognitive processing. A previous study on healthy individuals showed that TMS stimulus led to an increase in P300 amplitude on the stimulation side in an ERP (12). However, to our knowledge, few studies have assessed the effects of TMS treatment using a visual paradigm.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
237,381 |
To assess markers of systemic inflammation, leukocyte cell counts, and LBP, the participants were asked to provide two blood samples (~12 h apart) to control for time-of-day effects on the parameters that can show diurnal differences, one before and one after a daily shift. Blood samples were collected using standard phlebotomy procedures (venipuncture of forearm) in EDTA coated tubes. At each collection time, the blood (10 mL) was drawn into sterile Vacutainer® tubes. A subset of the sample was centrifuged at 1500× g for 10 min in the processing lab, and plasma was collected and frozen for later analysis and quantification of protein expression by Luminex® bead-based assays.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
130,054 |
The effect of the connection determines the working performance of the composite structure . The performance of timber–concrete composite beams with different types of connections has been reported by existing studies . The connection stiffness affects the degree of composite action between the upper and lower parts of composite beams, and the bending behavior of the TLC composite beam is mainly determined by the connectors: (i) the shear stiffness of the connector affects the stiffness of the TLC composite beam; (ii) the shear bearing capacity of the connector determines the shear bearing capacity of the interface and the bending capacity of the TLC composite beam; and (iii) the ductility of the TLC composite beam is affected by the deformation capacity of the connectors before ultimate failure.
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
|
310,884 |
To further investigate the involvement of the opioid receptors in the antinociceptive effect of (pyr)apelin-13, the non-specific opioid receptor antagonist naloxone and the specific KOR antagonist nor-BNI were evaluated. Naloxone (2 mg/kg) had no effect on licking/biting during the first (p = 0.312) or the second phase (p = 0.591) of the formalin test, when compared with the control (Figures 3A,B). However, i.v. co-administration of naloxone markedly reversed the antinociceptive response induced by (pyr)apelin-13 (20 mg/kg) during the second phase of the formalin test (p < 0.01, Figure 3B). As shown in Figures 3C,D, compared with saline treatment, nor-BNI (10 mg/kg) had no influence on the formalin-induced nociceptive behavior during the first (p = 0.980) or the second phase (p = 0.188). However, co-administration of nor-BNI significantly antagonized the analgesic effect of (pyr)apelin-13 (20 mg/kg) during the second phase of the formalin test (p < 0.01, Figure 3D).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
182,872 |
The results of the conducted research show that laparoscopic-assisted herniorrhaphy using the PIRS technique is an effective treatment method of inguinal hernia in pigs. The effectiveness of the PIRS technique is comparable to the classical method of open surgery currently used in pigs. According to the authors, the PIRS technique presented for the first time in pigs may be an alternative in the treatment of inguinal hernias in males not subjected to surgical castration. At the same time, according to the authors, further studies are needed on a larger group of pigs with inguinal hernia, including small piglets, females and pet pigs whose life span is longer, enabling long-term clinical evaluation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
25,282 |
Attendance to the weekly supervised training sessions at the workplace for the TG was recorded by the instructor and applied to calculate adherence, defined as the number of attended training sessions out of possible training sessions within the one-year intervention. For a per-protocol analysis, we defined an inclusion criterion to be an adherence in the training sessions performed at the workplace of ≥70% .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
357,941 |
Assessment of nasal breathing function—Respiratory function of the nose was assessed by the AARM method using a computer rhinomanometer—Rhino 31 (Atmos, Germany) in accordance with the available recommendations (43). Computer software allowed to obtain parameters of the volume flow of inhaled air passing through the right and left halves of the nose, the total nasal airflow (TNAF). The TNAF was automatically calculated at a pressure of 150 Pa/cm3/s (31). In order to take into account the age and gender differences, we also used the “relative total nasal airflow” index (RTNAF, %pred) introduced earlier (14) according to the formula RTNAF = TNAF/ETNAF × 100%, where TNAF—indicators of the patient's TNAF (absolute units), ETNAF—expected values of TNAF for age, gender and anthropometrical indicators elaborated in Eliseeva et al. (14) and Zapletal and Chalupova (31).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
368,106 |
P. xylostella were cultured as previously described . Tissue samples of P. xylostella at different life stages were collected as follows: each first instar sample consisted of 20 larvae, each second instar sample consisted of 10 larvae, each third instar sample consisted of five larvae, and each fourth instar sample consisted of three larvae. Moreover, each of the pre-pupal, female pupal, male pupal, female adult, and male adult samples contained three individuals, and each egg sample contained approximately 100 eggs. Larval tissue: The fourth instar larvae of P. xylostella were dissected under a stereomicroscope (ST70, SDPTOP, Shanghai, China) and different tissue samples were taken, including the head, epidermis, midgut, and Malpighian tubules. Each head sample contained tissues from 10 insects, each epidermal sample contained tissues from three insects, each midgut sample contained tissues from five insects, and each Malpighian tubule sample contained tissues from 10 insects. Adult tissues: female and male adults were dissected under a stereomicroscope and their heads, thoraxes, legs, wings, Malpighian tubules, midguts, ovarian tubules of female adults, and testes of male adults were extracted. Each tissue sample contained tissues from 15 adults (adult thorax tissue did not include legs or wings). Prior to tissue collection, each insect was first rinsed with 75% alcohol for 10 s, and then with sterile water, followed by sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS, Solarbio, Beijing, China) for 15 s to remove surface residues. Three samples from each growth stage and tissue group were taken, to which 1 mL total RNA extraction reagent (Vazyme, Nanjing, China) was added. The samples were stored at −80 °C until later use.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
390,116 |
The plasmid copy number was calculated and the plasmids were diluted from 1 × 107 copies/μL to 1 × 101 copies/μL. Singleplex real-time PCR was performed for each virus using the 10-fold diluted plasmids to generate standard curves, based on which the E value (amplification efficiency), R2 (correlation coefficient), and the standard equation were calculated.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
99,280 |
Swimming speeds ranged between 0.01 and 5.7 km/h (mean 0.67 ± 0.9 km/h) during ARS behavior, while during transit these increased to 0.3–11 km/h (mean 3.87 ± 1.7 km/h) (Fig. 3; Table 2). Distance covered per day of all whales pooled indicated instrumented blue whales traveled a mean of 39 ± 27 km/day (7–85 km/day).
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
234,717 |
Immunotherapy efficacy analysis of immunophenotyping clusters. (A–H) Expressions of immune checkpoint molecules, including PD-L1, PD-L2, LAG3, IL-8, PDCD1, CTLA-4, and TIGIT, and PBRM1, were compared using Students’ t test. (I) A total of 35 ccRCC patients receiving ICTs from the CA209-009 cohort with RNA-seq data and clinical responses to treatment. (J) Response status in 64 ccRCC patients receiving ICTs alone or combined with TKIs from the FUSCC cohort.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
361,324 |
Other genes associated with both cTEC and mTEC differentiation were unaffected or only marginally affected by the Notch signaling gain- or loss-of-function mutations (Fig. 6C and Table S6). In contrast, markers associated with the mTEC sub-lineage (Krt5 and Epcam) were strongly upregulated in the E14.5 NICD samples compared with controls, and these genes also clustered with other genes normally strongly downregulated from E12.5 to E14.5 (Cldn3, Cldn4, Cyr61, Plet1 and Ccnd1). Tnfrs11a, the gene encoding RANK, was also significantly upregulated in the E14.5 NICD samples (Fig. 6C and Table S6), and was expressed at much lower levels in E14.5 Rbpj cKO than controls. Finally, a category including Pax9, KitL and Fgfr2, which are normally highly expressed at E12.5, was markedly downregulated in the E14.5 NICD compared with other E14.5 samples (Fig. 6C).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
10,379 |
A significantly higher proportion of HIV-infected participants were stunted than HIV-uninfected participants (35.8 vs 7.3%, P < 0.001), but prevalence of wasting was similar in the two groups (Table 1). Seventy-six HIV-infected children had been previously treated for TB, compared with one from the HIV-uninfected group.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
267,155 |
Effect of the volume of spore suspension and metal ions on decolonization of A. niger TF05. Spore suspensions of 106 spores ml−1 of different volumes and nine metal ions of different masses were added to 100 ml of 0.05 % Rose Bengal basic medium, respectively, and incubated for 72 h. Absorbance of the supernatant was determined at 546 nm and the decolorization rate was calculated. (a) Effect of volume of a 106 spores ml–1 spore suspension on decolonization. (b) Effect of metal ions on decolorization. The data represent the average and sd (shown by error bars) of three biological replicates. Statistical analyses were performed using a one-way ANOVA and significance was determined as *P<0.05.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
105,406 |
The histological evaluation of colonic tissue from healthy mice revealed a normal structure without histological changes. By contrast, mice that were treated with DSS exhibited serious injuries, with the loss of histological structure, and a strong epithelial disintegration, disruption of the epithelial barrier, a pronounced decrease in a number of crypts, and marked infiltration of granulocytes and mononuclear cells into the mucosa and submucosa (Figure 2A). ChA reduced the extent and the severity of the macroscopic and histological signs of colon injuries (Figure 2A). The depletion of mucin production was observed in DSS-induced colitis, and ChA supplementation could attenuate this effect (Figure 2B).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
241,296 |
Further tunability of the nanojet properties can be achieved by using dielectric spheres with engineered refractive index profiles or surfaces. Core–shell microspheres are a good example of such an approach. In this case, the nanojet can be tuned by selecting the refractive index and radius of the core as well as the number, refractive index, and thickness of the shells . As shown in Figure 2, two scenarios are possible for the case of a microsphere coated with a single shell. If the core’s refractive index is higher than that of the shell (Figure 2b), the curvature of the wavefront increases at the output of the microsphere. As a result, the length and width of the nanojet are smaller than they would be for the same microsphere without the shell. In contrast, if the core’s refractive index is smaller than that of the shell (Figure 2c), the wavefront’s curvature decreases, generating an elongated nanojet with a lower peak intensity. Numerical simulations indicate that ultra-narrow (width from λ/3.5 to λ/7.3 ) as well as ultra-long (length from ~22 λ to 100 λ ) nanojets can be generated with core-shell dielectric spheres and cylinders.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
107,397 |
Brain mRNA expression of (A) msmo1, (B) sqlea, (C) lss, and (D) hmgcs1 in zebrafish males developmentally exposed to 0 or 3 ng/L EE2 and remediated in clean water for 120 days. The mRNA expression was quantified with qPCR and normalized against the expression of 18S RNA and Elf1a, displaying the relative gene expression. Data represent mean ± 95% CI of 10 samples/group, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. *Significantly different from control group.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
4,874 |
In contrast to the poor responses to chemotherapy in CRC patients with ovarian metastases, there was an ovarian-specific survival benefit in patients who underwent oophorectomies, with ovarian-specific MSTs of 43 and 16 months for patients who underwent complete resections (R0 or 1) and palliative debulking (R2), respectively. Notably, even palliative debulking prolonged the durations of the absence of either serious abdominal symptoms or anorexia due to ovarian metastases. We did not analyse the patients who did not undergo oophorectomies; however, in an earlier study, Lee et al. analysed 130 patients with ovarian metastases from CRCs and found that the MSTs after the diagnoses of ovarian metastasis were 20.8 months in 83 patients who underwent oophorectomy and 10.9 months in 47 patients who did not . Therefore, our study and previous reports collectively suggested that although oophorectomy remains an uncommon perioperative treatment procedure, it is a promising and feasible management option for patients with CRCs who have ovarian metastases. Thus, ovarian metastasis is rather close to dissemination than a metastasis, oophorectomies play an important role for local control for the disease. Surgery will have some benefit for limited peritoneal dissemination in patients with CRC. Conversely, chemotherapy will have limited benefit for peritoneal dissemination.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
373,356 |
Most of the hotspots identified at the interpentamer interfaces in this study were conserved with residues in other picornaviruses that were previously predicted to stabilize the capsid. For example, hotspots N25, R61, Y62, Y63, T64, V95, R102, N117, S240 (VP2), M144, Y148, I150, D152, L153, T194 and T197 (VP3) correspond to residues in Seneca Valley virus 1 (SVV-1) that were proposed to form stabilizing interactions across the pentamer–pentamer interface , while hotspot residues R61, T64, (VP2), M144 and D152 (VP3) were conserved with residues that were predicted to be important for the stability of the pentamer interfaces of enteroviruses . Furthermore, hotspots M144, I150, D152 and L153 (VP3) are conserved with residues in human rhinovirus (HRV)-2 that become disordered during uncoating and RNA release . HRVs are prone to dissociation in acidic conditions, and histidine residues at the two-fold axis have been implicated in this sensitivity. Residues in HRV-B14 corresponding to TMEV hotspots R61 (VP2) and K124 (VP3) form interactions with histidine residues and become destabilized at mild acidity . However, in TMEV, these hotspots form interactions with partner residues which resist protonation under mildly acidic conditions. Furthermore, hotspot R61 forms cation–pi interactions with hotspot Y148 (VP3) in TMEV but in HRV-B14 Y148 is replaced with the acid-sensitive H150. These findings may partially explain the different pH stabilities of these viruses.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
62,091 |
While high quality quantized conductance measurements have been previously achieved in short channel devices17 (L ~ 150 nm), the channel lengths required for observing the helical gap are at the experimental limit of observable conductance quantization. As shown in Supplementary Figs. 1, 8 and 10, small changes in the QPC channel length, spin-orbit strength or the QPC potential profile are enough to obscure the helical gap, particularly for wires with weaker SOI. We have fabricated and measured a range of QPCs with different length and potential profiles, and only two devices of L ~ 300 nm showed unambiguous signatures of a helical gap. Possibly some of the other devices did not show clear signatures because they had weaker SOI.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
274,932 |
Culture medium development is another challenge for MSC production at the clinical level. Culture and expansion of MSCs has traditionally required media enriched with serum, but the complex and variable nature of this mixture of nutrients, growth factors and other constituents poses further challenges for maintaining product consistency. The development of serum-free media or chemically defined media is encouraging but they generally do not perform as well, especially for longer passages and scaling-up. They also put upward pressure on COG (Jung et al., 2012).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
18,171 |
Pollinator densities decline in SNHs due to a greater attraction of increased MFC cover (responses 2a and 2b). This happens when MFCs and nesting sites or larval habitats are in close proximity, and SNHs are of lower quality, e.g. low floral density (Kovács‐Hostyánszki et al. 2013). In the MFCs, we assume that in the absence of a population response pollinator densities will remain unaffected due to an increased attraction of pollinators to the MFCs (response 2a). In contrast, a combination of population response and pollinator supplementation from SNHs will lead to increased pollinator densities in the MFC fields (response 2b). Generally, the fewer additional pollinators are attracted from SNHs to the MFC, the more similar responses 2a and 2b are to responses 1a and 1b respectively.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
10,427 |
Studies have shown that sarcopenia is associated with a poor prognosis in various cancers, including gastrointestinal5–10 and hepatopancreatobiliary malignancies.11–14 Although several retrospective studies analyzing sarcopenia in thoracic esophageal cancer patients have been published, it is controversial whether pretreatment sarcopenia results in a poor prognosis.6,15–17 In most previous studies,5–7 the sarcopenia status was assessed at the time of cancer diagnosis.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
215,993 |
There were no differences in recruitment or in sociodemographic characteristics of the patients across sites (see Supplementary Table 1). Furthermore, blood samples and processing of the samples were performed across all the centres using a common protocol and standard operating procedures which ensured consistency across the sites. All the assays were centralised and performed in the same laboratory depending on the specific markers. Cytokines for all sites were all measured on the same MSD machine at King's College London. hs-CRP, C3 and C4 for all sites were measured at King's College Hospital Viapath laboratory. The other complement markers for all sites were measured at Cardiff University site. Therefore, we consider that adjusting for each site is unnecessary for these particular analyses.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
264,016 |
Similarly, the device’s material dimensions are listed in Table 2. The dimensions were carefully selected to provide the desired voltage output rage. The dimensions were set on a nano meter (nm) scale and the device was hosted by a silicon layer, as shown in Figure 3.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
252,784 |
The qualitative results also provided further insights into the types of support provided. Previous research has examined the role of emotional and instrumental support on a variety of outcomes with results generally being mixed (Jakubiak et al., 2019; Morelli et al., 2015; Shrout et al., 2006). Some researchers have shown that visibility of support can explain why in some instances support is beneficial but not in others (Girme et al., 2013; Jakubiak et al., 2019; Zee & Bolger, 2019). These findings generally suggest that support that is not perceived by the recipient is beneficial whereas there can be costs to perceived support. However, many other studies do show that perceived support is associated with greater individual and relational outcomes (Fitzsimons & Finkel, 2010; Jakubiak & Feeney, 2016; Rusbult et al., 2009). The findings from our qualitative results may shed some light on this debate: participants identified both directly goal‐related support (e.g., providing encouragement and motivation, helping with the goal) as well as support that was only indirectly linked to goals (e.g., providing comfort, helping with other tasks). Indeed, this type of indirect RC support may be particularly important during the pandemic due to increased childcare and household responsibilities; partners who are able to share these responsibilities are likely to be able to make more progress toward their goals whereas having a partner who is unable to provide support indirectly may hinder goal pursuit. It is possible that existing measures on support do not capture well indirect forms of support which may not be perceived as support by the recipient but is labelled as support by the provider. Indirect forms of support can be especially helpful in enabling the recipient to make progress toward their goals without negatively impacting self‐efficacy. Future research should investigate these findings further in quantitative studies.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
228,211 |
Applied to the manuscript. Line 37-43. In the qualitative phase and after reviewing the existing texts and tools by the research team, a 58-item questionnaire was developed and then entered into the psychometric phase. Then, the tool was finalized with five factors, including :1) communication features, 2) professional features, 3) responsibility aspects, 4) physical-mental aspects and 5) social aspects, respectively. After the psychometric process, a specific questionnaire was developed to measure the midwives’ job satisfaction with 25 items which explained a total of 49.95% of the total variance.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
240,932 |
Herein, complexity, chaos and thermodynamics are introduced with specific regard to living organisms and biomedical sciences; then, their interconnections and implications in environmental pathology are discussed, with particular regard to a morpho-pathological, image analysis-based approach.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
291,972 |
In summary, we have synthesized the low-cost, PdO-doped NiO heteromixture via a simple and cost-effective hydrothermal combined calcination process. The XRD, XPS, FE-SEM and HR-TEM techniques confirmed that, the spherical PdO nanoparticles are evenly doped with NiO nanoparticles. The bi-metal oxide composite PdO–NiO showed high band gap value 4.24 eV. PdO–NiO enhanced the superior catalytic activity over the pure NiO. The proposed PdO–NiO catalyst exhibit excellent rate constant 0.1667, 0.0997, 0.0686 min−1 for NP, DNP and TNT and 0.099, 0.0416 and 0.0896 min−1, for MB, RhB and MO dyes respectively. Which is the higher rate constant than the previously reported catalyst. Additionally, PdO–NiO completes the reduction of the mixture of azo compounds within 8 min. Further, PdO–NiO exhibits a stable reduction rate of azo compounds over five cycles with no significant loss. Moreover, a plausible mechanism for the catalytic reduction of nitrophenols and azo dyes was proposed. Hence, the proposed low-cost and high efficient PdO–NiO catalyst could be a promising catalyst for the degradation of azo compounds.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
335,928 |
Although the method is labor intensive and requires much time for sample preparation, our results suggest that determining IMPDH activity may be applied for assessing the pharmacodynamic effect of MMF therapy in children with nephrotic syndrome. Our results showed that although the lowest IMPDH activity was observed with the highest MPA concentration, target IMPDH activity values remain to be defined. The MPA pharmacokinetics differs between treatment indications, but its influence on IMPDH activity in pediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome is still unclear.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
103,700 |
21.5% of elderly native Africans had sub-clinical abnormalities in their middle ear functioning, mostly with impaired ossicular mobility pattern. The independent clinical predictors of these malfunctions included previous head injury, diabetes, a history of osteoarthritis of the knee joints, and absent acoustic reflex.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
129,614 |
An in ovo injection of GABA did not seem to affect hatchability compared with the control group (Table 2). Although hatchlings’ body weights of G05 and G20 were not significantly different from CON or DDW, there was a significant difference between G05 and G20 (p < 0.05). A higher chick weight to egg weight ratio (CWEWR) was found in chicks at G05 compared with CON (p < 0.05) (Table 2). There were significant linear and quadratic effects in the chicks’ body weight at hatch and CWEWR with increasing in ovo GABA doses (p < 0.01).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
174,600 |
And according to Equation (2) for the CS–:(2)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} }{}\begin{equation*} \frac{\mathrm{All}\ \mathrm{Lever}\ \mathrm{Presses}\ \mathrm{During}\ \mathrm{CS}-}{\mathrm{All}\ \mathrm{Lever}\ \mathrm{Presses}\ \mathrm{during}\ \mathrm{ITI}+\mathrm{during}\ \mathrm{the}\ \mathrm{CS}-} \end{equation*}\end{document}
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
365,851 |
We used the seventh and eighth wave of the ESS as our main data source. Approximately 70 000 respondents from 20 countries and 44 country-year groups were included in our final models.48 Response rates varied from ~30% to ~70%, overall similar to previous rounds of the survey (for more information particularly on ESS7, see Eikemo et al49). Country level data was collected from OECD health statistics50-52 and the Health in Transition (HiT) series from the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies.53 The ESS datafile also included regional level data collected from Eurostat. Data is weighted using a combined design and sample weight, adjusting for both the probability of being included because of sampling design and the number of respondents from each country. In the following, dependent and independent variables are presented; descriptive statistics of these can be found in Tables 1 and 2.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
44,756 |
From initial content analysis of the responses to the six value statements, several sub‐themes were identified. The number and percentage of respondents who included each theme in their responses was then calculated. Finally, these themes were ranked in order of frequency for each value statement (Table 2).
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
332,441 |
For the ultimate purpose of improving the prediction accuracy of the detector activation time by constructing a database (DB) of input parameters required in the fire simulation for various smoke detectors and combustibles, measurement of the detector obscuration thresholds and DB construction was performed in this study. To this end, a total of ten detectors, mainly installed in South Korea, were reviewed. Firstly, the quantitative differences in the obscuration thresholds of the ionization and photoelectric detectors according to the colors of the smoke particles were examined. In addition, filter paper, various liquid fuels, and polymer pellets were considered as the combustibles. The differences in obscuration threshold values, which were based on the combustibles in photoelectric detectors to which the light scattering method was applied, were assessed. Performing the PBD through the DB provided in this study is expected to enable prediction of the activation time of detectors far more accurately by applying the appropriate input parameters according to the combustible material.
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
|
215,099 |
Several studies have focused on identifying individual plant volatiles that may repel or attract D. citri, for use in lures or as other forms of chemical control . Instead, in this study, we extracted the leaf volatiles of the Sugar Belle mandarin before and after infestation with D. citri to identify those that were associated with host response to the infestation. We found that the Sugar Belle scion increased its overall leaf VOC production in response to the infestation regardless of the rootstock onto which it was grafted. The C-35 and SO rootstocks responded similarly, while US-897 gave a stronger and more diverse VOC response to the D. citri infestation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
54,649 |
The purposeful nature of the sampling strategy helped to achieve a varied sample with the aim of capturing perspectives from various ethnic, religious and migration histories. However, the country of origin of the sample was not proportional as most participants were from sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, the majority of participants were Catholic or Christian which may not reflect many 1.5 generation migrants who do not prescribe to Christianity. This cultural similarity may mean the full breadth of cross-cultural constructions of SRH have yet to be explored. Thus, generalisations cannot be made about the different perspectives among such groups, and further study is recommended to assess the effect of country of origin and religious background on constructions of SRH amongst young migrants in Australia.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
363,508 |
In the context of this application, and considering the data from the molecular characterisation, the compositional analysis and the assessment of the newly expressed proteins (see Sections 3.3.1, 3.3.2 and 3.3.3.2), the GMO Panel identified no indications of a potentially increased allergenicity of food and feed derived from the five‐event stack maize with respect to that derived from the non‐GM comparator.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
191,978 |
To date, not much research has been conducted on how different recovery periods between resistance and endurance sessions affect strength adaptations during concurrent training. Robineau and colleagues showed that concurrent training impaired strength development in trained individuals when resistance and endurance training were performed within the same session but not when performed during different sessions . It is not known if this also holds true for moderately trained and untrained individuals. Furthermore, this question has not been studied to any significant extent. Therefore, we performed a sub-analysis to assess the effect of different recovery periods (same vs. different sessions) on lower-body strength for all three categories. The result for the trained category was in line with the previous finding reported by Robineau et al. that showed negative effect when resistance and endurance training were performed within the same training session (< 20 min apart) but not when performed during different sessions (> 2 h apart) . Interestingly, this was not the case for moderately trained and untrained individuals. The results from these two categories showed similar adaptations after concurrent training in the same session compared with different sessions. Even though there was a clear interference effect on strength development in the trained group when endurance and resistance training were performed in close proximity, it is important to point out that this was largely driven by two interventions from the same study and more work is needed to confirm our findings.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
238,392 |
Figure 3 summarizes the conditions, components, and abilities that have made photography a human universal as proposed by the mental utilization hypothesis of photography. One element of Figure 3 relates to the specific social contexts and environmental features that generate photography-related behaviors, as suggested by the evolutionary building blocks of photography. They are (1) coexistence in large, complexly structured societies; (2) frequent encounters with strangers, the outcome of which is often difficult to predict; (3) strong mutual observation of behavior; (4) individuals' well-being and prosperity depend on judgments by strangers; (5) requirement to display one's own status symbolically in public; (6) continuous confrontation with the news of success or profit, as well as disaster, illness, or death; (7) large number of potential sexual or reproductive partners among strangers; (8) individuals have to make far-reaching decisions about their future lives; (9) requirement of communication with absent or distant people; and (10) requirement of quick communication with strangers across cultural or linguistic boundaries.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
52,797 |
A computed tomography showed a 6.4 cm endophytic hypervascular right renal tumour (Figure 1) at the interpolar region with focal invasion into the liver (Figure 2) and seeding into the perinephric space and Gerota's fascia. It also confirmed the tumour thrombus in the renal vein extending into the inferior vena cava (Figure 3) and bilateral pulmonary arteries with pulmonary metastases (Figure 1). There was no lymphadenopathy noted. The back lump corresponded to the metastatic deposit which replaced the whole L2 spinous process without invading the spinal canal. On the bone scan (Figure 4), the forehead lump corresponded to the large photopaenic defect at the frontal region with increased osteoblastic activity suspicious of metastasis.
| 4 | 1clinical
| 3Clinical case
|
213,107 |
To confirm her autistic traits, the Autism-Spectrum Quotient Japanese-21 (AQ-J-21) that is a 21-item questionnaire (4 for social skill; 2, attention switching; 3, attention to detail; 8, communication; and 4, imagination), was conducted. AQ-J-21 is a short form of the AQ-J originating from AQ, which was developed for the ASD screening . AQ-J-21 has high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.71, n = 240), and its sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 0.92, 0.81, 0.35, and 0.99, respectively, at a cut-off of 12 for ASD diagnosis. AQ-J-21 showed the following scores: social skills, 1 point out of 4; communication, 3 out of 8; attention to detail, 3 out of 3; attention switch, 2 out of 2; imagination, 3 out of 4; and total score, 12 out of 21. It was expected that she would pay exceptional attention to detail and would not switch attention adequately or understand the other person's perspective.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
303,497 |
Remarkably, the ability of NOD mice to undergo massive callosal demyelination and complete remyelination upon interruption of exposure to the toxicant suggests efficient OPC proliferation. This finding, along with evidence that the extent of the demyelination/remyelination response in NOD mice does not differ with that in SJL animals, that typically undergo 1–3 relapses during EAE but never progress (Cavone et al. 2011, 2014), suggest that EAE progression in NOD animals should not be ascribed to defects of the remyelination response. It is also worth noting that, at variance with NOD mice during EAE (Buonvicino et al. 2019), none of the mouse strains showed sign of neurodegeneration during demyelination. This finding, therefore, provides the first evidence that an intrinsic sensitivity to the demyelinated state is not responsible for axonal degeneration and progression in EAE NOD mice. As a whole, data suggest that neither proneness to demyelination nor impaired remyelination processes underpin disease progression in EAE NOD mice. Rather, the present study, along with data showing an impairment of the T regulatory response in NOD mice (Tang et al. 2008), point to peculiarities of the autoimmune attack during EAE and/or primary proneness to axonopathy in this mouse strain. As for the neuroimmune response, although we recently reported a consistent infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ lymphocytes in the spinal cord of EAE NOD mice during progression, we also noted that reduction of this neuroimmune response by dexamethasone does not provide protection from disease progression (Buonvicino et al. 2019). Apparently, therefore, a key role in determining the peculiar response of NOD mice during EAE is also played by their tendency to undergo neurodegeneration upon inflammation-driven chronic demyelination. It is worth noting, indeed, that activation of innate immunity within demyelinated regions during cuprizone treatment (Fig. 2 and (Skripuletz et al. 2013)) lasts for an extent of time of about 1 month that is shorter than that of 2–4 months necessary for progression onset in NOD animals (Buonvicino et al. 2019). The present findings on the effects of cuprizone in NOD, SJL, and C57BL/6 mice, therefore, add new knowledge on how they respond to a demyelinating challenge, and how efficiently their OPCs promote remyelination. Still, considering that cuprizone-dependent demyelination is massive and acute, we reason that our data do not allow to rule out that a subtle defect in the remyelination response may occur in NOD mice when they are exposed to a less acute, but more prolonged, autoimmune demyelination such as that taking place during EAE. As an additional note, evidence that demyelination is concomitant rather than preceding neurodegeneration in EAE NOD mice (Buonvicino et al. 2019) further suggests that axonopathy is not triggered by defects in the remyelination response.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
216,007 |
IL12p70 is secreted mainly by macrophages and plays a key role in activating type 1 T helper (Th1) cells and inducing the production of IFN-γ in the natural killer cells (Kim et al., 2002). The reduced levels of IL12p70 suggest a reduced activation of Th1cells and production of IFN-γ in responder patients with more severe positive symptoms.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
49,520 |
According to the literature, two treatment methods have traditionally been proposed. In younger patients, when the disease is limited and progression is slow, observation and a “wait-and-scan” protocol is the most commonly chosen option and is relevant until significant function, or cosmetic deficits are obvious. Surgery is not preferred and should be postponed because FD has a tendency to become inactive after puberty .
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
135,975 |
Hearts in SD rats (born within 24 h) were quickly removed, collected in ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and washed with PBS three times to remove the blood. The hearts were cut into 10 pieces and incubated with 0.04% trypsin and 0.07% type II collagenase at 37 °C, as described previously . The suspension medium was centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 5 min. After sedimentation, isolated cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts were collected and resuspended in new culture medium (DMEM/F12, 10% fetal bovine serum, and 1% penicillin and streptomycin) for 2 h of incubation at 37 °C and 5% CO2. A portion of NRCMs was seeded onto coverslips and infected with siRNA-control or siRNA-CGI58 at multiplicity of infection 50 for 24 h and then treated with saline or 4-PBA (5 mM) for 1 h following PA (400 μM) or its solvent treatment for another 24 h.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
386,529 |
An additional finding of this experiment is that there was a similar positive affective response from performing both MA and FW exercises. Previously, Carraro et al. (2018) found a more positive affective response and higher ratings of enjoyment after completing a workout with FW as oppose to MA. This study recruited males with at least 2 years of experience with resistance training which differs from the present study which recruited 75% females with limited resistance training experience. As has been discovered with aerobic exercise, the affective responses from RE among experienced and novice lifters may be different (Bixby and Lochbaum, 2006; Hallgren et al., 2010). Additionally, volume was not equated in the present study and participants voluntarily performed a greater relative volume1 for the MA condition compared to the FW condition (71.84 vs. 70.10). Although this difference is small, it was statistically significant and this difference could partly explain the results of the study.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
354,123 |
Results of analyses to identify individual variables predictive of distant metastasis are presented in Tables 3 and 4. An increased incidence of distant metastatic disease at presentation was found for: inflammatory cancer; symptoms of possible metastatic disease; T4 disease; tumour size at least 3 cm, or at least 2 cm with abnormal nodes on axillary ultrasonography; oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive disease; patients staged before commencing neoadjuvant chemotherapy; and those with previous ipsilateral breast cancer. A tumour size threshold of at least 3 cm had the highest rate of detection for distant disease among tumour size criteria.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
201,561 |
Another area of interest for the use of CIRT is as adjuvant radiotherapy following surgical resection. Although this question has not been answered, Uhl et al28 reported an OS rate of 100% and local control rate of 85% (median follow-up, 25 months) for 56 patients undergoing postoperative CIRT at a single institution. In our analyses, we found significantly lower OS for patients undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy following a margin-positive resection compared with primary CIRT, outlining a need for studies evaluating the use of CIRT as adjuvant radiotherapy compared with conventional radiotherapy with photons or protons.29,30
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
69,171 |
Next the performance of each path (Path A through D as depicted in Figs 6 and 7) is assessed in terms of accuracy for the rectangular boundary and is shown in Figs 18 and 19, for the NG task and the RR task, respectively. In case of NG task, the accuracy of the raw data decreases considerably with the decrease in inter-number spacing. However, with the proposed approach, the error is reduced, thereby enhancing the accuracy. For the RR task, the accuracy of all the approaches drops with the increase in number of words (thereby decrease in spacing between the neighboring words). However, it is to be noted that it is the best possible option to use 12 words in order to get good accuracy in such systems. The results confirm that even with one-time calibration, the designed algorithmic chain can handle the variations in the gaze data due to subject-specific differences, making it a practical solution for patients who are unable to perform calibration.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
297,066 |
Heat transfer, in terms of Nusselt numbers, has been characterized in some oscillatory baffled flow geometries (inner tube diameters of 5 and 12 mm), with improvements reported when compared to their conventional tubular equivalents.22,28,41 However, the overall heat transfer coefficients have not been previously reported, and therefore, temperature profiles alongside individual COBC crystallizer sections have generally been unknown. Several studies15,19 using oscillatory baffled reactors for the application of continuous crystallization have reported fouling upon the internal heat transfer surfaces of the cooling jackets as a result of the cooling being too rapid (see Figure 1). However, the potential negative impact that enhanced heat transfer rates may have on continuous crystallization processes has not been previously addressed. Therefore, in addition to characterizing the heat transfer performance of oscillatory baffled crystallizers, we should use this understanding to better control heat transfer rates and prevent unwanted nucleation and/or fouling.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
105,184 |
Another HA-based strategy to develop “universal” vaccines is the Computationally Optimized Broadly Reactive Antigen (COBRA) technology, which uses consensus sequences to design vaccines that represent multiple circulating strains. A COBRA VLP-based H1 vaccine showed broad cross-reactivity to multiple H1 strains and protected mice against H1N1pdm09 challenge either in a monovalent cocktail or in prime-boost regimens (Carter et al., 2016).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
136,032 |
Finally, we sought to characterize emotion regulation indicators (ERQ) in this study sample, testing the hypothesis of potential differences in latent means as a function of the participants’ gender. Based on the full residual invariance across gender, we can compare the latent mean differences. The results indicated that women had a slightly higher latent mean than men for Cognitive Reappraisal (critical ratio = 0.093; p < 0.001; effect size = 0.09), and a lower mean for Emotional Suppression (critical ratio = -0.343; p < 0.001; effect size = 0.34). As expected, differences were found in use of the emotion suppression strategy; men used this strategy more frequently than women. Although a statistical difference in cognitive reappraisal was observed, the effect size was negligible for practical purposes. No statistically significant differences were found in any of the remaining study variables based on comparisons between genders.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
221,611 |
No one was, therefore, prepared for the transformational performance of AlphaFold's second incarnation, AlphaFold2, at CASP14, where it placed far ahead of all other participants, achieving a median GDT-TS of 92.4 for its predictions! To recall, this is in the range of experimental structures, leading many to conclude that the structure prediction problem for single protein chains was now solved, as stated by John Moult in his concluding remarks to the CASP14 conference. A comparison of AlphaFold2 predictions with the best models submitted by other groups (Figure 1) makes the extent of the advance clear, as AlphaFold2 predictions usually had GDT-TS scores >80 even for the hardest targets (structure correct in most details), while the second-best models for these targets were below 60 (overall topology correct).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
100,103 |
The second step of this multiobjective approach is to analyze which of the mutation combinations has likely weaken interactions with the polyQ domain, satisfying the condition set by the second model of aggregation (see Section 1). For this procedure, we considered mutations that replace hydrophobic residues on the Htt-N-term with charged ones. In the domain cross-talk model, the hydrophobic residues are responsible for playing a part in stabilizing the polyQ domain. Altering hydrophobic residues to charged residues adds strain to the Htt-N-term and affects the stability and length of the polyQ domain, altering aggregation. From Table 1, we find that most mutation combinations in our list already substitute a hydrophobic amino acid with a charged reside (M1, M2, M4, M5, M6, M8, M11, M14, M15, M16, M18, and M20). Although the Htt-N-terminal region contains several hydrophobic residues, it has been shown that removing just one of the hydrophobic amino acids can effectively weaken the interactions with the polyQ domain and potentially reduce overall aggregation . We acknowledge that we cannot quantitatively model the interactions of the mutations with the polyQ domain without a good PDB representation; however, we are relying on the theoretical understanding behind the interactions of the hydrophobic residues and the polyQ domain to conclude that the charged residues with weaken interactions.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
128,665 |
Restrictive fiscal policy increased taxes to discourage the consumption and production of unsustainable products and services. The tax rate on linear purchases of new household appliances via the retail sector is increased in a stepwise process. Specifically, the original tax rate on new (linear) purchases is repeatedly increased by 0.3 percentage points. The increase is repeated 15 times to assess the economy’s evolution.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
251,357 |
The hordein isolate was dissolved in 4 × lithium dodecyl sulfate sample buffer with a 10 × sample reducing agent (NuPAGE, Thermo Fisher) and incubated at 90 °C for 10 min. An amount of 15 μg of total hordein isolate was separated on a 10% Bis-Tris gel with MOPS running buffer at 200 V for 50 min, and Mark 12 unstained standard and Novex Sharp Prestained standard served as protein molecular standards. The gel was stained by SimplyBlue Safestain and imaged by Alpha Imager HP (ProteinSimple, CA). To investigate the antibody recognition of the total hordein isolate, an immunoblot with the four kits’ “enzyme-conjugate” was conducted. The proteins were transferred to a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane using an XCell II Blot module system (Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher) at 30 V for 60 min in the presence of a transfer buffer containing 20% (v/v) methanol, 192 mM glycine, and 25 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.3. Following blocking the membrane with 5% (w/v) skim milk powder in 0.1 M phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) for 60 min at ambient temperature, the proteins were recognized by a diluted “enzyme-conjugate” (R5 1:11, G12 1:1.5, Total Gluten 1:4, and Morinaga 1:4), which was each kit’s own antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. The membrane was stained by a chemiluminescent substrate (SuperSignal West Pico PLUS, ThermoFisher) and visualized with a ChemiDoc Touch Imaging system (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) by auto-exposure.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
43,058 |
A normal distribution of the α2 and α3 values (Eq. 2) in the current study and in Hunter’s study could not be clearly showed for each IF time constants; therefore, comparisons between the two studies were made by means of non-parametric Mann-Whitney’s test (GraphPad Prism 6 software; two-tailed; 95% confidence level). Bland-Altman analysis was used for Ki comparison between 3P-KMA and Patlak’s analysis, as well as for further comparisons between 3P-KMA and 5P-KMA, and between 5P-KMA and Patlak’s analysis (GraphPad Prism 6 software; 95% confidence level) .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
389,529 |
Characteristics of the pericentromeric Het TADs a comparative heatmap for the enrichment of various genomic and epigenomic features across scaled average Het TAD borders (30 kb) and intra-TAD regions (150 kb). TAD borders are enriched in MARs and BEAF32 while other architectural proteins are present predominantly at the intra-TAD interactions (for the p values of the overlap of features with TAD borders, see Additional file 1: Figure S5 and S6). Active histone modifications, H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K9ac are present within the TADs, whereas H3K36me3 and heterochromatic marks—H3K9me2/3 and HP1a—are present both at the intra-TAD and TAD border regions. b Representative snapshot showing the overlap of Het TAD organization in chr 2L with the published replication timing domains in S2 cells—late-replicating regions coincide with inactive Het TADs while active Het TADs have both early- and late-replicating regions within them
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
112,114 |
The results of this study are shown in Table 1 and Figure 1. These results showed that the activities of ALT, AST, GGT and ALP obtained for the male and female experimental test rats, exposed to gasoline vapor only (i.e, Mt and Ft ), were increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared, respectively, with the activities obtained for the respective rats in the control group ( i.e., Mc and Fc). The results indicated that exposure to gasoline vapors increased the activities of ALT, AST, GGT and ALP by 62.4 ± 5.3, 48.3 ± 4.8, 69.0 ± 6.3 and 32.7 ± 3.9 percents respectively in males, and 65.7 ± 4.2, 51.5 ± 3.8, 71.5 ± 5.6 and 33.2 ± 5.2 percents, respectively, in female rats. From these results, it is observed that the percentage increase in the activities of these enzymes in female rats was relatively higher compared, respectively, to the percentage increase obtained for the male rats.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
321,747 |
Bacterial blight of rice, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is a devastating rice disease in Southeast Asia and West Africa [1, 2]. The pathogen contains type III effectors that can be injected into rice cells directly via the type III secretion system . Transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors, which are the major virulent effectors in Xoo, function like eukaryotic transcription factors to induce target gene expression via binding to the effector-binding elements (EBEs) in the promoter of the target genes [3, 4]. TAL effectors are composed of an N-terminal type III secretion signal, a C-terminal nuclear-localization signal and activation domain and a central repeat domain. The central repeat region consists of 1.5–33.5 tandem repeats that are typically 33–35 amino acids long, and amino acids at the 12th and 13th positions in each repeat are called repeat variable diresidues (RVDs) [5, 6]. The number and order of the RVDs determine the recognition specificity of TAL effectors [5, 6].
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
146,273 |
This study has some limitations. The series is representative of a single, high-volume foregut center in Poland; however, the number of patients is limited. Nevertheless, the results of our work can be applied to the broad central European population. The other limitation is the loss of the patient during observation. After the first compulsory postoperative consultation, some patients did not reappear, which may indicate no complications or recurrence of symptoms, but unfortunately, we do not have the data.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
192,050 |
While these ligands have no potential utility in nicotine cessation, α4β2 nAChR PMs (or PAMs) may be useful for other diseases and disorders. PAMs of nAChRs have been implicated for their potential use in treatment of schizophrenia and cognitive disabilities . Given that menthol exerts an effect on all subtypes of nAChRs and many members of the Cys-loop superfamily , follow-up studies for these VBJ compounds’ activity on other nAChR subtypes and ligand-gated ion channels may be necessary.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
197,373 |
“…we still have to battle against the medical model, we have a strong network of SW managers in MH and we provide peer support to each other and try to develop the SW profession within MHS. it remains an under-resourced area, no access to training budgets, staffing shortages.”
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
87,327 |
Mounting evidence has shown that accumulation of aggregates of amyloidgenic proteins, such as Aβ and tau in AD and α-synuclein (αS) in PD, may be central to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.1,2 According to the notion that neurotoxicity may be attributed to the aggregates of amyloidogenic proteins, particularly oligomers and protofibrils.5 Thus, it is reasonable to predict that suppressing expression of amyloidogenic proteins and/or inhibiting protein aggregation may be effective to delay the progression of neurodegenerative disease. Among various amyloid-targeting strategies, immunotherapy has been extensively investigated in AD, and although several clinical trials of immunotherapy have already been completed (Table 1), including passive and active immunization with Aβ,6 the results have so far been unsatisfactory.Table 1Examples of recent clinical trials of immunotherapy in AD and PDTarget proteinPhaseClinical trials. gov. identifierConditionSponcerMechanismScheduleAβ SolanezumabIIINCT01900665Mild ADEli Lilly and CompanyPassiveJul 2013–Oct 2018 Gantenerumab/SolanezumabIINCT01760005Dominantly inherited ADWashington University School of MedicinePassiveDec 2012–Dec 2019 GantenerumabIIINCT02051608Mild ADHoffmann-La RochePassiveMar 2014–Mar 2019 SolanezumabIIINCT02760602Prodromal ADEli Lilly and CompanyPassiveJun 2016–Apr 2021Tau AADvac1INCT02031198ADAxon Neuroscience SEActiveJan 2014–Dec 2016 AADvac1IINCT02579252ADAxon Neuroscience SEActiveMar 2016–Feb 2019 C2N-8E12IINCT02494024Progressive supranuclear palsyC2N diagnosticsPassiveJul 2015–Aug 2016αS AFFITOPE PD01AINCT01885494PDAffiris AGActiveJun 2013–Feb 2015 BIIB054INCT02459886PDBiogenPassiveMay 2015–Jul 2016 PRX002INCT02157714PDProthena Biosciences LimitedPassive (C-terminal αS)Jun 2014–Oct 2016 AFFITOPE PD03AINCT02267434Early PDAffiris AGActiveDec 2014–Aug 2016Some of the recent clinical trials of immunization for amyloidogenic proteins (Aβ, tau and αS) are selected from “clinicalTrials.gov” (https://clinicaltrials.gov): a service of the U.S. National Institutes of Health
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
192,268 |
In the superficial burn model, the contraction of lesions was measured for 14 days to monitor the evolution of the area of superficial burns. The contraction rate of the Sham and Vehicle groups was similar in all the periods studied (Figure 4A-F). After 3 days, the treatment with 1.0% CrMFSOL caused an increase of 123.2% (P<0.05) in the contraction of lesions, while, the Sulfa group (P<0.05) presented a similar effect (110.7%) compared to the Vehicle group (Figure 4A). After 5 days (Figure 4B) and 7 days (Figure 4C), the groups receiving 0.5% CrMFSOL (P<0.01; P<0.05), 1.0% CrMFSOL (P<0.05; P<0.01), and Sulfa (P<0.01; P<0.01) showed increases of lesion contraction, respectively, compared to the Vehicle group (Figure 4C). After 9 days, only the group receiving 0.5% CrMFSOL had greater (26%) lesion contraction (P<0.05) compared to the Vehicle group (Figure 4D). Near the closure of the lesion, after 12 and 14 days of analysis, none of the groups presented differences (Figure 4E and F). The photographs depict the evolution during the healing process on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 12th, and 14th days (Figure 4G).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
262,947 |
Glutamine‐free diet impairs Notch1‐driven leukemia progression in vivo. (A) Schematic representation of the strategy followed for in vivo experiments. (B) Evolution of body weight of mice fed with a glutamine‐free diet for the indicated time. (C) Concentration of glutamine in the blood of mice implanted with either EV or NICD H33HJ‐JA1 cells fed under complete (+Q) or glutamine‐free (−Q) diet at the end of the treatment, as indicated. (D‐F) Representative luminescence images (D) and luminescence quantification (E‐F) of mice implanted with either EV or NICD cells fed under complete (+Q) or glutamine‐free (−Q) diet at the end of the treatment, as indicated. (G) Infiltration of leukemic human (CD3+) cells in the bone marrow of mice implanted with either EV or NICD cells, fed either in the presence or the absence of glutamine (Q). Graphs show mean values ± SEM (20 mice/group, *P < 0.05). Two‐way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s comparison as a post hoc test was used to evaluate the statistical difference between more than two groups.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
375,231 |
Exposure to physical and verbal harassment by a non-intimate male partner in the present study was reported by 20.6% of women, while that percentage was expressed in the national GBV costing study in 2015 as an overall of 13% of women aged 18-64 yr were exposed during the past year to any form of violence in public places 11. The difference in these figures may be due to differences in the method of measurement wherein our study was a concentration on harassment with obvious distinction between physical and verbal types, while in the national costing study the figure was more rough addressing exposure to any form of violence in public places.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
56,461 |
Aesthetic engagement constitutes the phenomenological side of coupling to an artwork and provides the context for moving, seeing, and feeling with art: It is where action, perception, and lived experience meet. Drawing on the fundamental similarity between aesthetic and second-person engagement, I suggest that research about the origin of empathy in dyadic interaction provides reason for giving movement a central place in the account of aesthetic experience.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
111,788 |
It is relatively recently, in particular in comparison to the hippocampus, that the issue of the respective function of the MEC and LEC has been addressed. Noticeably, lesion studies accumulated over the past 15 years have largely contributed to the hypothesis of a MEC-mediated-where pathway that processes spatial information and a LEC-mediated-what pathway that processes non-spatial information. Electrophysiology studies have supported this hypothesis by showing that the MEC contains grid cells with multiple firing fields that are arranged in an hexagonal grid pattern (Fyhn et al., 2004; Hafting et al., 2005), as well as other spatially-modulated cells (i.e., head-direction cells; Sargolini et al., 2006; border cells: Savelli et al., 2008; Solstad et al., 2008). In contrast, LEC neurons show little spatial selectivity compared to the MEC (Hargreaves et al., 2005; Yoganarasimha et al., 2011; Tsao et al., 2013). Furthermore, the discovery of grid cells in the MEC (Hafting et al., 2005) but not in the LEC have suggested that the function of the two sub-regions can be dissociated with respect to the category of cues, allothetic (i.e., external or environmental) or idiothetic (i.e., internal or self-motion) they process.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
141,280 |
Cooperative agents have \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \tau = \kappa = 0 $$\end{document}τ=κ=0, so neither do they have trust nor do they use social control.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
71,834 |
OsPIL1 directly up-regulates OsPORB and OsCAO1 transcription. (A) Relative expression (ospil1/WT) of Chl biosynthetic genes. Relative expression levels of genes in ospil1 were normalized to those of the WT. Asterisks indicate significant difference between WT and ospil1 plants (* P<0.05, ** P<0.01). (B) The positions of G-boxes in the promoters of OsPORA, OsPORB, and OsCAO1 (–2000 bp to ATG) and the promoter fragments used for the yeast one-hybrid assay (Y1H), transactivation assays (blue horizontal lines), and ChIP assays (green horizontal lines). (C) The binding activity of OsPIL1 to the promoter regions of OsPORA (pOsPORA-a and pOsPORA-b), OsPORB (pOsPORB-a and pOsPORB-b), and OsCAO1 (pOsCAO1-a and pOsCAO1-b) examined by Y1H assays. Empty bait and prey plasmids (-) were used for the negative controls. The relative β-galactosidase activity was obtained by normalizing to the level of each negative control. Means and SD were obtained from more than five independent colonies. (D) OsPIL1 binding affinity to the promoter regions of OsPORA, OsPORB, and OsCAO1 in planta examined by ChIP assays. OsPIL1-GFP was transiently expressed in protoplasts isolated from 10-d-old WT seedlings. Fold-enrichment of the promoter fragments was measured by immunoprecipitation with an anti-GFP antibody (see Methods). PP2A was used as a negative control. (E) Transactivation of OsPORB and OsCAO1 by OsPIL1. The protoplasts were co-transfected with 5 μl of effector plasmid containing 35S:OsPIL1-GFP and 3 μl of reporter plasmids containing pOsPORB-a::GUS, pOsPORB-b::GUS, and pOsCAO1-b::GUS. Empty vector was used as a vector control for the effector. Significant differences were determined by Student’s t-test (* P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001, NS, not significant).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
144,228 |
Viscosity was not explicitly investigated in this work as when considering the relations used to describe microfluidics systems, for example the capillary number, interfacial tension and viscosity both scale linearly (Ca ∝ μγ, where µ is viscosity) but the impact from the addition of surfactants on viscosity, compared to that on the interfacial tension, is negligible . Since achieving a surface coverage of the bio-instructive chemistry remained a key aim, understanding and directing the use of the surfmers was the priority. The viscosity change in the dispersed phase, due to the addition of the surfmer, can be considered negligible compared to the contributions of the core polymer and solvent, whose proportions were initially selected to satisfy this limit. However, it may be that that the improved stability observed was due to the viscosity ratio of the two phases changing due to the addition of PVA producing a small change in the continuous phase viscosity.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.