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Über die Pflanzengesellschaften der Fels- und Mauerspalten Südfrankreichs. Vienna, SIGMA communication no. 162.
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Title Über die Pflanzengesellschaften der Fels- und Mauerspalten Südfrankreichs. Vienna, SIGMA communication no. 162.
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Source Niklfeld, H.
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Kim Martini
(Oceanography)
Fairbanks, AK
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NOTE: If you are a developer, please use a private wiki based on foswiki/trunk on a daily base ...or use trunk.foswiki.org to view this page for some minimal testing.
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Topic revision: r4 - 16 Apr 2011, KennethLavrsen
The copyright of the content on this website is held by the contributing authors, except where stated elsewhere. see CopyrightStatement.
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For the half-year to 30 June 2013, the IPKat's regular team is supplemented by contributions from guest bloggers Stefano Barazza, Matthias Lamping and Jeff John Roberts.
Two of our regular Kats are currently on blogging sabbaticals. They are Birgit Clark and Catherine Lee.
Thursday, 6 December 2012
Model claimant wins as court throws book at booker
Secrets are valuable when
kept -- but fun when shared
Throwing the book at the booker? Premier Model Management Ltd v John Bruce, Paulo Ribeiro Rosa Filho and Paulo Ribeiro Management Ltd, a decision of Deputy Queen's Bench judge Simon Crookenden QC from 29 November, has just reached the IPKat via a trawl of hidden treasures noted in the Lawtel subscription-only service. It may never surface on the BAILII database [update: it has now! You can access it here. A katpat to David Harris for spotting it], but it's a neat example of the enforceability of employment contract terms as a means of protecting a business against the untrustworthy behaviour of a significant and trusty employee.
Premier was a model agency, for which Bruce had worked as a booker [for an explanation of 'booker' in this context, click here. The word is not a mis-spelling of 'hooker']. Under his contract of employment ,Bruce was restrained from engaging in competition with Premier both during his employment and for a further 12 months post-employment when he was bound by a non-solicitation clause which prevented him from soliciting Premier's employees and its models. Additionally, a confidentiality clause restricted Bruce from disclosing any of Premier's confidential information either during or after his employment.
During the period in which Bruce, having resigned, was serving out his notice, Premier discovered that he had been emailing information about Premier, its models and its customers to his friend and partner Ribeiro, who had set up up a company (PRM) of which both Bruce and Ribeiro were directors. Premier, maintaining that PRM was competing with it, secured interim injunctive relief. Premier also alleged that Bruce had fraudulently inflated travel claims, thereby obtaining over £21,000 -- something which Bruce conceded he had done, adding that Premier had told him to.
At trial, Premier sought judgment against Bruce both for fraud and for breach of contract, as well as judgment against Ribeiro and PRM for inducing Bruce to breach his contract. The Deputy Judge held in favour of Premier on all counts.
First, he found that the contractual restrictions on Bruce's activities during and after his employment and the 12-month non-solicitation clause were both reasonable and enforceable. Not just that, but the information relating to Premier's models [Merpel wonders: "vital statistics"?] was commercially valuable too and Premier was entitled to use restrictive covenants in order to nail it down [Katnote: since restraints on trade are prima facie unenforceable and have to be justified, whoever drafts them has to get the balance just right. Restrain too much and the clause is useless; restrain too little and you fail to give your client adequate protection. Valid restraints are easiest to get right where the commercial interest that needs protecting is a fairly static and predictable one, but quite tricky where a business is operating in a commercial environment in which technology, consumer expectations and other factors make it difficult to predict today what might be important to protect tomorrow].
On the facts there was overwhelming evidence that Bruce was in substantial breach of his contract of employment for around nine months before he gave notice. Adding to this the timing of his resignation and the start-up and incorporation of PRM, it was clear that, by the date of PRM''s incorporation if not earlier, it was the joint intention of Bruce and Ribeiro that he should play a part in the business. Moreover, he had misused Premier's confidential information and sought to solicit his employer's clients and customers.
Taking a leaf out of Eddie Irvine's book,
top model Catrice wouldn't get out of bed
for less than £25,000
Turning now to Ribeiro's liability, the court was satisfied that Ribeiro's willingness to accept Premier's confidential information amounted to an encouragement of Bruce to breach his employment contract. The relevant circumstances leading to this finding included the sheer volume of confidential information forwarded to Ribeiro by email, plus the steps taken by Ribeiro to set up a model agency business. Although Ribeiro did not reply to many of the emails, he did make positive responses on some occasion -- and by his responses and his failure to tell Bruce to stop supplying him with Premier's secrets he had encouraged Bruce in his breach of contract [Without the facts before him, this Kat cannot judge whether this finding was correct or not. It seems to him, on the basis of the information before him, that Bruce was not induced to breach his contract since he had already decided to breach it without inducement. This Kat is also uncomfortable with the notion that, by not telling Bruce to stop sending the confidential information, Ribeiro was somehow making himself liable for such an inducement: was this failure to say "stop it" the cause of his incurring liability for inducing breach, or merely part of a mosaic of circumstances which strengthened the judge's perception that inducement had taken place? It would be good to know].
PRM's liability for inducing breach of Bruce's employment and post-employment terms was the next issue under scrutiny. Since, said the judge, that company was at all material times basically an emanation of the decision-making processes of Ribeiro either alone or in concert with Bruce, PRM was just as liable for inducing Bruce's breach of contract as Ribeiro was [This reasoning would seem to support the curious proposition that, if Bruce had set up PRM himself and exclusively controlled it, he could through medium of his own company be liable for inducing his own breach of contract].
Given the seriousness of an allegation of fraud, and the inherent improbability that a trusted employee would defraud his employer, cogent evidence was needed if the court were to satisfy it on a balance of probabilities [these being civil proceedings, where the burden of proof is lower than the 'beyond reasonable doubt' standard of criminal law] that fraud had been committed. Even so, the court was satisfied that Bruce had fraudulently fiddled his travel costs and had benefited to the tune of £21,020. Since Premier was duty-bound to refund to its clients the disbursements for which it had overcharged them in result of this fraud, the company had suffered loss for which Bruce was bound to compensate it.
Finally, injunctive relief was given, in much the same terms as the contractual restrictions that had already been imposed but breached. The main differences were that (i) unlike the contract, which covered just Bruce, the injunctive restrictions now covered Ribeiro and PRM as well, and (ii) breach of a contract merely incurs civil liability, while failure to comply with the injunction is a contempt of court -- definitely not recommended.
More background on this case from the Evening Standard and Telegraph
Booker prize here
Have fun painting models here (a bit naughty) and here (not so naughty)
Subscribe to the IPKat's posts by email here
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SEAWALLS AND SHORELINE PROTECTION
Jan van de Graaff, Eco W. Bijker
Abstract
All over the world shore-parallel constructions (seawalls; revetments; bulkheads) suffer from damage. It is argued that these constructions are in fact frequently built at places where they shouldn't.
Keywords
seawall; shore protection
Full Text: PDF
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
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User:JohnChattaway
From OpenWetWare
Jump to: navigation, search
Contents
About Me
I am an undergraduate student, studying Biology, at Imperial College London. I have just finished my second year which I thoroughly enjoyed. I got on brilliantly with both fellow students and staff alike and am looking forward to this year. I am currently looking for a PH.D project in an area related to Synthetic Biology, Systems Biology, Gene Therapy or Molecular Biology.
iGEM 2006
I was one of the undergraduate team members in the [Imperial College London iGEM team 2006 (Icoli06)]. The project was a brilliant experience. We entered the iGEM competition hosted by MIT and [came second!]
Our project and experience has been reported in various publications.
• [BMC Systems Biology] - Engineering a synthetic molecular oscillator based on the Lotka-Volterra dynamic
• [The Imperial College Reporter] - Issue 170 • 22 November 2006, Front Page and Centre Page Pull Out (p8-9)
• Felix issue 1363 page 7
• London student
My iGEM
iGEM for any of you who googled me, rather than finding me through [Openwetware] or [The iGEM competition.] is one of the most productive ways to spend your summer I have seen yet. It is a Synthetic Biology competition held at [MIT] (Massachusetts Institute of Technology!) We were flown out to Boston to present our project to hundreds of other contestants and scientists. We are a team of eight undergraduates from Imperial supervised by three PHDs, one Post Doc and two Professors. The ethos of this project is that it is our (the undergrads) project and if it works (or fails) it is our fault. So as a result we are given a huge amount of free regin and If you see [our wiki] you can see that we have been very successful, both at working as a team and doing the project.
I have learnt many invaluable skills from this project, such as communication skills. For example, I was chosen to present the final design of our project at MIT. Also I gave several presentations during the project including one at Cambridge University. I have learnt the value of teamwork and how to keep track of what your team-mates are doing. iGEM has also taught me leadership skills, such as how to boost morale and to persuade others of the importance of your ideas and why they should carry them out. I now understand the value of keeping track of your contacts so that you can quickly find a person to help if you need to do something that is out of your supervisor's immediate area of expertise, such as using an unusual piece of equipment like a chemostat. Or if you require some unusual materials like rare genes, such as aiiA, which required liaising with many contacts until finally I was pointed to Dr Rupert Fray who was the only other person in the country working with this gene!
This project is also an opportunity to show creativity, lateral thinking and problem solving skills in an unusual situation. For example using an abstracted version of the [Lotka Volterra Population Dynamics model] to create a synthetic biological oscillator or using a chemostat to alter frequency independently of amplitude. There is also a large element of time management to this project as we are all responsible for our own contribution and we don't have people standing over us making us work.
Finally this project has improved my lab skills and computer modelling abilities
My Interests
I am and always will be an avid Rock climber, I have met hundreds of very interesting people through this sport and it has taken me all over the world (or Europe at any rate). I am also an active member of the [Imperial College Mountaineering Club] and have [written articles published in Felix for the Club.] I have also competed at a national level in the [BUSA climbing Competition, (Bouldering)] where I came 16th in 2005 and 20th in 2006. I also came third in the london heat of an open men's climbing competition SIBL, I couldn't attend the other heats as my degree took priority. Recently work commitments have reduced the amount of time I spend training, so my climbing grade has plateaued.
I'm also into road cycling, It all started when I was seventeen and my mate Charlie decided it would be a good idea to cycle from Ayr in Scotland to his house in Eastbourne, Sussex and rather surprisingly it was! The six hundred mile trip across some of the hilliest terrain in England took eleven days. It was incredible and I got to know the other guys far too well. Also we raised over £1000 for charity. It all went to St Wilfred’s hospice who had looked after Charlie's granddad the previous year.
Another interest is Surfing, I’m a beginner still, so my board spends more time surfing me than the other way round! I started this summer when I visited some friends in Newkey.
Music. I am a fan of many bands and take full advantage of the London music scene. I love the new unsigned bands and anything artistic and experimental. Particularly I like Post-Punk and Electro.
Other Information
Date of Birth 01/03/1986 (Cuckfield UK)
Contact Information
• E-mail John.Chattaway@imperial.ac.uk
Education
• 2004 - Present BSc Biology with Microbiology at Imperial College London
• 2002 - 2004 : A-levels Biology Chemistry Physics Maths
• 1997 - 2002 : GCSEs loads
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It is not the horse that draws the cart, but the oats. Proverb, Russian
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But if you will not do so, behold, you have sinned against the Lord, and be sure your sin will find you out. [Numbers 32:23] Bible
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The Bible (sometimes The Holy Bible, The Book, Good Book, Word of God, The Word, or Scripture), from Greek, (ta) biblia, "(the) books", is the classical name for the Hebrew Bible of Judaism or the combination of the Old Testament and New Testament of Christianity ("The Bible" actually refers to at least two different Bibles). It is thus applied to sacred scriptures. Many Christian English speakers refer to the Christian Bible as "the good book" (Gospel means "good news"). For many people their Bible is the revealed word of God, or an authoritative record of the relationship between God, the world and humankind.
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...observe; not to find your own expressed by them. If the person who wrote the book is not wiser than you, you need not read it; if he be, he will think differently from you in many respects.
(2) Very ready we are to say of a book, "How good this is--that's exactly what I think!" But the right feeling is, "How strange that is! I never thought of that before, and yet I see it is true; or if I do not now, I hope I shall, some day." But whether thus submissively or not, at least
Be sure that you go to the author to get at his meaning, not to find yours. Judge it afterwards if you think yourself qualified to do so; but ascertain it first. And be sure, also, if the author is worth anything, that you will not get at his meaning all at once;--nay, that at his whole meaning you will not for a long time arrive in any wise. Not that he does not say what he means, and in strong words too; but he cannot say it all; and what is more strange, will not, but in a hidden way and in parables, in order that he may be sure you want it. I cannot... Ruskin, John
Excerpt from Sesame and Lilies · This quote is about books - reading · Search on Google Books to find all references and sources for this quotation.
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John Ruskin (February 8, 1819 January 20, 1900) was an English author, poet and artist, although more famous for his work as art critic and social critic. Ruskin's thinking on art and architecture became the thinking of the Victorian and Edwardian eras.
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Education, we see, is not merely gaining knowledge or skills helpful toward productive work, though certainly that is a part of it. Rather it is a replenishment and an expansion of the natural thirst of the mind and soul. Learning is a gradual process of growth, each step building upon the other. It is a process whereby the learner organizes and integrates not only facts but attitudes and values. The Lord has told us that we must open our minds and our hearts to learn. There is a Chinese proverb: Wisdom is as the moon rises, perceptible not in progress but in result. As our knowledge is converted to wisdom, the door to opportunity is unlocked. Winder, Barbara W.
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It's easy! Just pick the product you like and click-through to buy it from trusted partners of Quotations Book. We hope you like these personalized gifts as much as we do.
Make and then buy your OWN fantastic personalized gift from this quote
Love is a serious mental disease. Plato
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212 - The Extra Degree
The one extra degree makes the difference. This simple analogy reflects the ultimate definition of excellence. Because it's the one extra degree of effort, in business and life, that can separate the good from the great. This powerful book by S.L. Parker and Mac Anderson gives great examples, great quotes and great stories to illustrate the 212° concept. A warning - once you read it, it will be hard to forget. Your company will have a target for everything you do ... 212°
Click here to buy this »
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Atheist Community of Austin
From RationalWiki
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The Atheist's Guide To
Atheism
Key concepts
More about atheism
Notable atheists
The Atheist Community of Austin (ACA) is a non-profit organization, founded in 1996, based in Austin, Texas. Their goal is to promote positive atheism and the separation of church and state. Matt Dillahunty is the incumbent president of the ACA, probably continuing to be re-elected each year until he gets bored of the job.
Contents
[edit] Activities
ACA activities are posted in the calendar found at on their website[1]. The activities are divided in to the following categories:
[edit] Social activities
The ACA hosts weekly events in which members and interested third parties can join them for food, drink and discussion. There are also regular outings, such as trips to the zoo and the hiring of a boat to go watch Austin's bat population.[2]
[edit] Lecture series
There is a monthly lecture series, normally hosted at the Austin History Center. A schedule of lectures is posted on the ACA website[3], the lectures following the skeptical/atheist theme of the ACA.
[edit] The Atheist Experience
The ACA sponsors a weekly cable-access TV show broadcast to the Austin area. The Atheist Experience is hosted by Matt Dillahunty, and is a discussion show inviting calls from the viewers. The show is streamed over the Internet, offered as a podcast, and clips are unofficially posted to YouTube. A line is reserved for Austin callers, and theists are encouraged to participate in the show - so long they have better arguments than "open your heart to Jaysus and yawl see that he's real!" The Atheist Experience airs each Sunday from 16:30 to 18:00 Central Time.
[edit] The Non-Prophets
The Non-Prophets is a bi-weekly radio show, hosted by Denis Loubet, currently featuring two to three people from the ACA. The show has occasional guests, but mostly it's a laid-back discussion of atheist-related news items. The show is delivered via streaming and a podcast. Although calls are not invited, there is a chat-room that is loosely monitored by the hosts. There are occasional guests on the show, the most notable being PZ Myers. Non-Prophets Radio airs on Saturdays from 10:00 to 11:30 Central Time.
[edit] Godless Bitches
In August of 2011 the ACA started sponsoring another podcast entitled Godless Bitches, which focuses on atheist and feminist issues. The show features an all female cast which are members of the ACA including Beth Presswood, Tracie Harris and Jen Peeples. Matt Dillahunty, while not appearing in the show itself, does handle production of the show.
[edit] See also
[edit] Footnotes
1. ACA calendar of events
2. The ACA Bat Cruise, 2009
3. ACA Lecture Series schedule
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Robots.Video: Universal Mind Control
Posted 9 Oct 2008 at 03:49 UTC by steve
From Common's album Invincible Summer comes a new track, called Universal Mind Control, whose video is loaded with robots doing dance moves. Pharrell, who appears in the video as both himself and as a red-eyed robot, is a well-known fan of science fiction in addition to being a music producer, singer, songwriter, and rapper. His record label logo incorporates the Vulcan salute from Star Trek. It would appear he is also a fan of robots. Update: Looks like onsmash.com pulled the video. You can still see it on YouTube.
See more of the latest robot news!
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Eastman Kodak
(Redirected from Kodak)
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Eastman Kodak, referred to colloquially as "Kodak," is a large multinational corporation founded in Rochester by George Eastman, with corporate headquarters in downtown Rochester, near High Falls. Kodak also maintains research facilities and some manufacturing in Kodak Park, near the City of Rochester-Greece Border on Lake Ave and Ridge Road, and other locations throughout the area. Kodak, like Xerox, was the basis of the Rochester economy for many years, until the digital camera made Kodak's consumer film products obsolete.
Eastman Kodak has primarily dealt with photographic products, but has, in the past expanded into other areas, such as batteries, photocopiers, medical imaging, and chemicals. While many of these ventures failed, the chemical division, headquartered in Kingsport, TN, was successful enough to be spun off in 1994, and is today a thriving company and one of the world's leading sources of polymeric materials.
Kodak has also seen many other failures in its history, including
It has been said that Eastman Kodak also failed to realize the potential of the digital imaging boom in the late 1990s. This is somewhat true, as Kodak did not begin to market digital cameras until the market was fairly established. However, Kodak has become the #1 seller of digital cameras in the United States, with 24% of the market share1. Kodak has also applied its vast knowledge of photographic print displays to the inkjet and digital photographic printing field.
The recent growth in Kodak digital imaging, notwithstanding, Kodak's worldwide employment base has shrunk dramatically in the past ten years2, and this has been felt especially here in Rochester, where Kodak had been the top employer for many years. Whole plants have been closed (such as Kodak Elmgrove in Gates) or divisions have been sold off (such as the Space and Aerial Imaging division, located at Kodak Hawkeye on St. Paul Street 3). Indeed, even Kodak Park, which operated much like a small city unto itself, has been greatly reduced as its intended purpose, the manufacture of film and photo paper, has become almost obsolete. Even with all this downsizing, Kodak remained the #2 employer in the Rochester area for a short while, but it fell to #3 in 20064 and will most probably never regain the level of employment that it had in the late 1980s.
On January 18, 2012, Kodak filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy. It was unable to sell off 1,100 digital imaging patents, which would have kept the company in solvency. It was reported that Kodak currently has 7,100 employees in the Rochester area, an immense difference from the former peak of 62,000 local employees. There are also 25,000 retirees in the area, presumably dependent upon benefits from the company. There is ongoing controversy related to the negative impact the decline of Kodak is having on Rochester. But it is clear that the other job sectors of Rochester (such as Wegmans and the University of Rochester) have overtaken the former glory of Kodak.
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Help Wikitravel grow by contributing to an article! Learn how.
Glacier Bay National Park
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Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve [1] is a United States National Park and a UNESCO World Heritage Site that is in the Panhandle of the state of Alaska. The park is best known for its massive glaciers, but is also an ideal destination for those seeking wildlife, kayaking, or simply a chance to get away.
[edit] Understand
[edit] History
Glacier Bay was first surveyed in detail in 1794 by a team from the H.M.S. Discovery, captained by George Vancouver. At the time the survey produced showed a mere indentation in the shoreline. That massive glacier was more than 4,000 feet thick in places, up to 20 miles wide, and extended more than 100 miles to the St. Elias mountain range. By 1879, however, naturalist John Muir discovered that the ice had retreated more than 30 miles forming an actual bay. By 1916, the Grand Pacific Glacier – the main glacier credited with carving the bay – had melted back 60 miles to the head of what is now Tarr Inlet.
Efforts for protection of Glacier Bay were made by John Muir and other conservationists, and in 1925 President Calvin Coolidge signed a proclamation creating Glacier Bay National Monument. At the time the monument contained less than half the area of the present park. In 1980, the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act elevated the monument to national park status and also extended the park boundary northwest to the Alsek River and Dry Bay. Further protection and recognition of Glacier Bay's significance occurred in 1986, when the Glacier Bay-Admiralty Island Biosphere Reserve was established under the United Nations Man and the Biosphere Program. In 1992 Glacier Bay became part of an international World Heritage Site, along with neighboring Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve and Canada's Kluane National Park.
[edit] Landscape
The park has snow-capped mountain ranges rising to over 15,000 feet, coastal beaches with protected coves, deep fjords, tidewater glaciers, coastal and estuarine waters, and freshwater lakes. Steep, sculpted peaks and scoured, rock-strewn valleys show scars of glacial activity and mark the advances and retreats of glaciers dating back over 115,000 years to before the Wisconsin Ice Age. The sheltered waters of Glacier Bay ebb and flow with the region’s huge tides, which can change as much as 25 feet during a six-hour period. Ocean waves pound the beaches of the wild and remote Gulf of Alaska coast. Between the bay and the coast, snow-clad peaks of the Fairweather Range capture the moisture coming in off the Gulf of Alaska and, in turn, spawn the park’s largest glaciers. At the base of these lofty peaks, deglaciated foothills and outwash plains rapidly turn green as the ice retreats and seeds find their way to the newly revealed land.
[edit] Flora and fauna
Each summer humpback whales return to the bay from their wintering grounds near Hawaii to feed on the abundant small schooling fish such as sand lance and juvenile pollack. Minke and killer whales along with harbor and Dall's porpoises also feed in the park's productive near-shore waters. Steller sea lions congregate on rocky islands to mate or to rest. Thousands of harbor seals breed and nurture their pups on the floating ice in Johns Hopkins Inlet and among the rocky reefs of the Beardslee Islands. Sea otters are rapidly colonizing Glacier Bay as well as park waters in Icy Strait and Cross Sound.
Many land animals also use the marine environment for foraging and travel. Moose and bears, for example, are accomplished long-distance swimmers that are frequently seen "dog paddling" their way across the bay. Bears work the beaches when the tide is low turning over rocks looking for tasty barnacles, clams and other intertidal life. Wolves and coyotes find the traveling easier along the edge of tall beach grass rather than fighting through alder thickets. At times, even the most upland of animals like marmots and mountain goats are drawn to the water's edge to nibble seaweed or to lick salt spray off beach rocks.
Mountain goats and brown bears were quick to reinvade after the glaciers' retreat, while coyote, moose and wolves have moved in more recently. Black bears prowl the forested portions of the lower bay, and the glacier bear, a rare color phase of the black bear, is occasionally spotted. River otters are widespread along with marten, mink and weasel, while the wolverine is scarcer and rarely sighted. The Alsek River delta in Glacier Bay National Preserve is home to lynx, snowshoe hare and beaver -- species that have reached the coast from the interior by traveling along the river corridor.
Seabirds spend most of their time searching for food in the marine waters and come ashore only to rest or to breed. Thousands of seabirds nest on cliffs and rocky shores within the bay or on the park's outer coast. Molting and migrating geese and sea ducks find refuge in quiet arms of the bay. Bald eagles nest in tall cottonwood trees or on cliffs along much of the park's shoreline. Newly vegetated hillsides support great numbers of nesting songbirds, including many neotropical migrants. The shallow waters and sloping beaches of the Beardslee Islands are important foraging and breeding areas for shorebirds, seabirds, and waterfowl. Arctic terns and jaegers prefer the barren glacial outwashes near the glaciers for nest sites.
It is believed that nearly 200 species of fish may swim in Park waters. Many, including all five species of Pacific salmon, are well-known, while others have yet to be documented. Many fishes are associated with deep water or "subtidal benthic" communities, and several of these are identified with important fisheries such as Pacific halibut, rockfish, lingcod, Pacific cod, sablefish and pollock.
Glacier Bay is blanketed by a mosaic of plant life, from a few pioneer species in recently exposed areas to intricately balanced climax communities in coastal and alpine regions. Since virtually all the vegetation in the bay has returned to the land in the past 300 years following the retreat of the glaciers, this area is one of the premier sites on the planet to study plant recolonization.
[edit] Climate
Glacier Bay has a maritime climate, heavily influenced by ocean currents. The result is mild winter temperatures and cool summer temperatures near sea level. Summer visitors can expect highs between of 50-to-60 degrees F (10-to-15 degrees C). Winter temperatures rarely drop into the single digits, with average nighttime lows of 25-to-40 degrees F (-2 to 5 degrees C).
Bartlett Cove receives about 70 inches of precipitation annually. April, May and June are usually the driest months of the year while September and October tend to be the wettest. All this moisture helps to create the lush temperate rainforests of the lower bay.
Unlike the areas at sea level, conditions in the mountains are more severe with colder temperatures and more precipitation that takes the form of snow. It’s all that snow falling year after year that goes into creating the magnificent glaciers we love to see.
[edit] Get in
Glacier Bay map
[edit] By plane
Alaska Airlines [2] provides daily jet service, using Boeing 737's, from Seattle via Juneau to the nearby town of Gustavus during the summer visitor season. The Gustavus airport is 10 miles by road from park headquarters at Bartlett Cove. Several air taxi companies provide daily small-plane flights year-round from Juneau to Gustavus as well. Air taxis also fly a network of routes that link Juneau and Gustavus to Haines, Skagway, and other southeast Alaska towns.
For those wishing to visit Glacier Bay National Preserve at Dry Bay, air transportation can be arranged from Yakutat, which has daily jet service from Seattle and Anchorage.
[edit] By car
There are no roads to Glacier Bay. Alaska Marine Highway ferry service started in November 2010 with monthly trips in the winter and twice weekly trips May to Sept of 2011. There are no services or parking for campers in Gustavus or Glacier Bay National Park. The only road in the park runs ten miles between Bartlett Cove and the neighboring community of Gustavus. There is a rental car business in Gustavus.
Most Gustavus lodging establishments provide transportation to Bartlett Cove for their guests. In addition, the TLC Taxi [3] operates out of Gustavus and can take visitors to or from the park for $12.25 per person, one-way. Call (907) 697-2239, or email tlctaxi@glacierbaytravel.com for taxi pickup.
[edit] By boat
During the summer, Glacier Bay Lodge and Tours [4] offers ferry service on Friday and Sundays between Juneau (Auke Bay) and Glacier Bay National Park (Bartlett Cove). The 72-foot catamaran departs Bartlett Cove at 4:00 PM, arriving at 7:00 PM in Auke Bay, and returns from Auke Bay at 7:30 PM, arriving Barlett Cove at 10:30 PM.
Several cruise ship lines offer Alaska cruises from major west coast cities that include a Glacier Bay visit. Tour boats, which are generally smaller and carry fewer passengers, offer cruises to Glacier Bay that depart several times a week from Juneau and other southeast Alaska towns. Charter boat services originating in local communities are also available.
[edit] Fees/Permits
There are no entry fees for non-commercial users of the park.
[edit] Get around
[edit] By kayak
Sea kayaking is a popular way to experience the wilderness of Glacier Bay. Kayak trips can originate from Bartlett Cove, or the daily tour boat can transport kayakers via the camper drop-off service. Making reservations for a rental kayak and the daily tour boat is recommended well in advance. Guided day and overnight kayak trips are also available.
[edit] By cruise ship
Most visitors to Glacier Bay see the park from large cruise ships with thousands of passengers. These visitors do not go ashore in the park; instead National Park Service naturalists board the ship to share their knowledge about the park and its wildlife during a day-long cruise in the bay.
[edit] By tour vessel
Tour vessels have up to a few hundred passengers. There is one daily tour boat that departs from Bartlett Cove during the summer months, and additional tour boats include Glacier Bay as part of a longer itinerary. Like the cruise ships, tour vessels have National Park Service naturalists on board.
[edit] By private boat
For a personalized trip in the bay, charter vessels can generally take up to six passengers and are rented to a single group, usually for custom multi-day trips. In order to protect wildlife and natural areas, permits are required for all private boats.
[edit][add listing] See
• Beardslee Islands. Located a short distance from Bartlett Cove, this area makes a great option for a kayaking day trip. Note that tides may cause water levels to vary by as much as twenty-five feet, and during low tides much of the area can turn to mud flats, so plan your visit carefully. This area is a great spot to see moose, bald eagles, bears, seals, humpback whales and killer whales.
• Muir Inlet. Much of this inlet is off-limits to motorized boats during the summer months, making it an ideal area for kayakers looking for tranquility. The McBride Glacier, Muir Glacier, and Riggs Glacier are all tidewater glaciers accessible to kayakers. In addition, seals, bears, moose, wolves, and other animals are likely companions while exploring the inlet.
• John Hopkins Glacier. A massive tidewater glacier located in the bay's west arm. This glacier calves ice in such large quantities that it is seldom possible for ships to approach closer than two miles from the glacier's face.
[edit][add listing] Do
[edit] Kayaking
Travel by kayak is an incredible way to see the park. Guided kayak trips are available, or kayaks can be rented. While it is possible to start a trip from Bartlett Cove, most travelers utilize the camper drop-off service [5] to get them closer to the major inlets.
• Glacier Bay Sea Kayaks, Box 26, Gustavus, AK 99826, Ph: (907) 697-2257, [6]. The park's official kayak rental concessionaire.
• Alaska on the Home Shore, 4102 Linnel Rd, Deming, Wa 98244, Ph: (907) 752-0046, [7].
• Packer Expeditions, P.O. Box 601, Skagway, AK 99840, Ph: (907) 983-2544, [8].
• South Passage Outfitters, P.O. Box 46, Elfin Cove, AK 99825, Ph: (907) 697-2507, [9].
• Alaska Discovery, 5449 Shaune Drive, Suite 4, Juneau, Alaska 99801, Ph: (800) 586-1911, [10]. Alaska Discovery provides guided kayak trips inside Glacier Bay proper. They offer evening, full day and multi-day trips.
[edit] Cruise ships
Numerous large cruise ship companies offer cruises to the park.
• Carnival Cruise Line, [11].
• Celebrity Cruises, [12].
• Crystal Cruises, [13].
• Holland America, [14].
• Norwegian Cruise Lines, [15].
• Princess Cruises, [16].
• World Explorer Cruises, [17].
• AdventureSmith Explorations, [18]. Active yacht & small ship cruises.
[edit] Hiking
There are several trails that begin in the Bartlett Cove area.
[edit] Rafting
The Alsek River and its major tributary, the Tatshenshini River, are large volume, swift glacial rivers. Beginning in the interior, it is one of a small number of river systems which breach the coast range, offering boaters uncommon environmental diversity, impressive scenery, and an outstanding wilderness experience.
For Alaska Rafting on The Tatshenshini and Alsek Rivers check out CRATE Alaska Rafting Expeditions. [19]
[edit][add listing] Buy
There is a fuel dock in Barlett Cove operated by the Glacier Bay Lodge. The lodge can be contacted on VHF channel 16, or at 697-2225, from May to September. For fuel services, contact the Glacier Bay Lodge upon your arrival at the fuel dock, and an attendant will meet you within 15 minutes. White gas is also available from Glacier Bay Lodge. Fuel is not available in the off season.
Souvenirs can be purchased at a small shop located in the lodge. Camping supplies can be purchased in the town of Gustavus, located ten miles from Bartlett Cove.
[edit][add listing] Eat
The only dining option in the park is at Glacier Bay Lodge; the town of Gustavus, located ten miles from Bartlett Cove, has a handful of additional options including restaurants and groceries.
• Glacier Bay Lodge, (in Bartlett Cove). Runs a nice restaurant offering breakfast, lunch and dinner. Prices are high but not unreasonable, and the food is reasonably good. edit
[edit][add listing] Drink
[edit][add listing] Sleep
The only lodging that is within the park is the Glacier Bay Lodge in Bartlett Cove and a handful of lodges in Dry Bay. The town of Gustavus, located ten miles from Bartlett Cove, has a handful of additional options.
[edit] Lodging
• Alsek River Lodge (Summer only), Ph: (907) 784-3451. Located 60 miles southeast of Yakutat, Alaska at Dry Bay in Glacier Bay National Preserve. The Alsek River Lodge is a small rustic lodge primarily focusing on guided hunting, photography & sport fishing activities and services. Access is by small plane.
• Glacier Bay Lodge (Mid-May to mid-September), Ph: (888) 229-8687, [20]. The Glacier Bay Lodge is in Bartlett Cove and offers overnight accommodations, a restaurant, gift shop and fuel sales (gasoline, #2 diesel, and white gas) as well as a daily vessel tour to the park's spectacular tidewater glaciers.
• Johnny's East River Lodge (Summer only), Ph: (907) 463-1288, [21]. Located 60 miles southeast of Yakutat, Alaska at Dry Bay in Glacier Bay National Preserve. Johnny's East River Lodge is a small wilderness lodge focusing on sport fishing and wildlife viewing activities and services. Access is by small plane.
• Northern Lights Haven (Summer only), Ph: (253) 564-4583. Located 60 miles southeast of Yakutat, Alaska at Dry Bay in Glacier Bay National Preserve, Northern Lights Haven is a small rustic lodge primarily focusing on sport fishing activities and services. Access is by small plane.
[edit] Camping
A free walk-in campground (14-day limit) with bear-resistant food caches, firewood, and a warming hut, is located at Bartlett Cove. No reservations are accepted, but a permit is required. Campground permits are issued at the Visitor Information Station on a first-come, first-served basis.
[edit] Backcountry
All campers (including kayakers) are required to attend a camper orientation, held daily upon request at the Bartlett Cove Visitor Information Station near the dock. This session is for your benefit: to answer your questions, provide you with a tide table, inform you of special wildlife and safety closures or to assist in planning your trip. You will be asked to fill out a backcountry registration form at that time and a wilderness survey form when you return from your trip.
[edit] Stay safe
While temperatures in Glacier Bay are mild compared to Interior Alaska, the rainy, overcast and cool weather, combined with temperatures that are near freezing every night, make hypothermia a real danger. Dress in warm layers that wick moisture away from the body, and always carry a waterproof outer layer as well as a hat and gloves.
Bears are large and unpredictable animals that are most dangerous when surprised or when lured by food. Make noise while hiking to alert bears to your presence, and always store food, trash, and toiletries in bear-proof containers kept 100 meters from your camping area.
When kayaking or boating in the park, stay a safe distance from glaciers, icebergs and cruise ships, and carry tide charts. Glaciers can calve at any time, and the resulting massive waves can easily swamp vessels that are too close. Recommended safe distances are one quarter mile from all tidewater glaciers. Be careful when around icebergs as well, as they may flip at any time. Cruise ships create large wakes and are not very maneuverable and should be given a wide berth. In addition, the tides in the park can be as strong as 6-8 knots. Carry tide charts, and know how to read them. A small vessel caught away from shore during a strong tide can easily be swept several miles out to sea.
Lesser dangers in the park include potential for giardia from drinking water from streams. Boil or otherwise purify all water when in the backcountry. More of an annoyance than a danger, the mosquitoes, gnats and black flies can test a person's sanity. When there is no breeze to keep the insects at bay they will swarm and bite mercilessly. Bug repellent is often ineffective, so carry a mosquito net and wear clothing that covers all exposed skin; you have been warned.
[edit] Get out
• Gustavus. Located a short drive from Bartlett Cove, Gustavus is the only option for restaurants lodging, and supplies outside of the park. For budget travelers, kayak rental and other services may be slightly cheaper from town than from within the park.
This is a guide article. It has a variety of good, quality information about the park including attractions, activities, lodging, campgrounds, restaurants, and arrival/departure info. Plunge forward and help us make it a star!
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Difference between revisions of "Herceg Novi"
From Wikitravel
Europe : Balkans : Montenegro : Herceg Novi
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Line 14: Line 14:
==Rent a car==
==Rent a car==
* '''Car rent in Montenegro''', [http://www.montenegrocar-rent.com] . Airport shuttle service from Herceg Novi to Airports Tivat, Podgorica and Dubrovnik,'''Transfers from airports'''[http://www.intravelmontenegro.net/transfers1.html
+
* '''Car rent in Montenegro''', [http://www.intravelmontenegro.net/rent-a-car_engl.html] .
+
==Rent a car==
+
Airport shuttle service from Herceg Novi to Airports Tivat, Podgorica and Dubrovnik,'''Transfers from airports'''[http://www.intravelmontenegro.net/transfers1.html
==Get around==
==Get around==
By foot
By foot
Revision as of 22:50, 3 February 2010
Herceg Novi[1], although not the most spectacular city in Montenegro (Kotor takes that prize), Herceg Novi is probably the most pleasant and warrants a several day visit. The city is particularly a good alternative to the very touristy Dubrovnik in Croatia. The cities have similar architecture but Herceg Novi not being as grand (nor as touristy and expensive). Herceg Novi translates to English as "New Castle".
Contents
Understand
A sizeable Bosnian (Serb) refugee population flooded into Herceg Novi during the war years. Many of the camps are still around although they have been turned into more permanent (and quite nice) settlements. You can still see them on the bus as you leave the city. Also if you go for a wander up into the hills you will come into whole new areas of construction resulting from the recent property boom. The Financial Times in 2007 listed Montenegro as one of world's 10 top property hotspots and foreign buyers have been snapping up properties on the coast.
Get in
Bus is the only form of public transport in/out of Herceg Novi, and the bus station (located in the centre of town) is busy the day long with buses heading (mostly) down the Adriatic coast. There is a regular bus service to Herceg Novi (and further to other Montenegrin cities) from main bus station in Dubrovnik, which runs several times a day.
If Herceg Novi is your main destination, a pleasant alternative to bus travel is hiring a Croat cab from Dubrovnik airport (Cilipi) for about 50 euros; this trip takes about 40 minutes, including border crossings.
There is NO rail or ferry access into the town.
Rent a car
• Car rent in Montenegro, [2] .
Rent a car
Airport shuttle service from Herceg Novi to Airports Tivat, Podgorica and Dubrovnik,Transfers from airports[http://www.intravelmontenegro.net/transfers1.html
Get around
By foot
See
The Herceg Novi old town is amazing. It is located on a fairly steep hill that leads all the way down to the sea. Wandering through the small stairways to the various plazas and fortresses is a many hour adventure. There are both Orthodox and Catholic churches that are well worth visiting.
Do
• Swimming - The city has some great pebble beaches. There is a path that leads along the beach part of the city for about 3 miles. Follow it until you find a place that is suitable for you. Many small privately owned beaches have loungers, small boats, and other gear for hire.
• Mud therapy - At the end of the promenade is a small spa town of Igalo, renowned across Europe for healing properties of its muddy, mildly radioactive sand. A health and hospital centre complex offers mud therapy combined with other treatments, but you can do it yourself by following the locals and wading through the sand. Apply the muddy sand all over your body, or on affected parts, and combine with gentle exercise and sunbathing for best effects. This is believed to be beneficial for rheumatic complaints, skin disorders, and gynecological problems.
• People watching - Along the promenade, the main square in the Old Town, and almost everywhere else around town, there are about hundred small cafes with tables conveniently positioned for this popular local pastime. All serve good coffee (italian style) and many also offer a selection of freshly made and delicious cakes and ice creams.
• Hiking - Going from the bus station up towards the hills you can find some wonderful ancient stone paths that lead up to some very rural communities. The paths are not marked and not very visible but if you wander along any road for a mile or so and keep an eye on the vegetation you should find one. Either way take a 3 or 4 mile walk up into the hills (whether you find the paths or not).
• Mountaineering - Get in touch with Herceg Novi based mountaineering society "Subra" if you are serious about mountain sports in some of the most beautiful and unspoiled mountains in Europe: Check out their website on http://subra.users.cg.yu. This website also provides basic maps of some hiking routes in vicinity of Herceg Novi, and information about local mountain huts.
Buy
Italian-made clothes in Old Town and Igalo boutiques are reasonably priced up-to-minute fashions. Not great for local arts and crafts, which are available in Kotor and Budva. Go to local market just off the main square in the Old Town on Saturday morning to buy fresh fruit (sweet and cheap), olive oil, sheep and goats cheese, dried figs, locally made wine; note that this market sells seasonal and locally produced goods, so what you find depends on the time of your visit.
Eat
Go to small eateries around the promenade for fresh local food, grilled seafood and meat dishes, and international cuisine. If you order pizza, which is usually well-made. Follow the locals; Montenegrins are usually more picky than foreign tourists when it comes to eating out.
Drink
Herceg Novi is hot in summer, and it usually stays warm late into the evenings, so cold drinks are best sellers. Iced coffee is served in tall glasses with dolops of ice cream and "slag" (low-fat whipped cream) and qualifies as a full meal. Local beer made in Niksic is good; also try "spritzer" which is a refreshing mix of chilled white wine and carbonated mineral water.
Sleep
Accommodation is plentiful, look for signs that say 'soba.' You should be able to get a room for 10 EUR per person during the summer months.
• City guide and listing of privat accommodation, [3] . Apartments by privat owners for rent in Herceg Novi and Igalo.
Get out
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Merzouga
From Wikitravel
Revision as of 14:26, 2 December 2006 by Haven La Chance (Talk | contribs)
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Merzouga is a village in the Sahara Desert, Morocco, next to the Erg Chebbi sand dunes.
This is the biggest erg in Morocco, about 50 km long (North/South) by 5 km wide, and is a popular tourist location. The highest dunes, next to Merzouga, reach 350 m in height.
Merzouga is the biggest village in the region, although there are a number of smaller villages in the surrounding area. The local population is almost entirely Berber, a most hospitable people who make visitors welcome.
Get in
From Marrakech, drive East to Erfoud (2 days drive, stop for the night in or near Ouarzazate). From Fez, drive South to Erfoud (1 day). From Erfoud, continue South 14 km (11 miles) to Rissani, carry on through the village and follow the road South-East 40 km (24 miles) to Merzouga. In recent years, the roads have been asphalted to Merzouga and on to Tauz, a southern military border town. The short access roads (1 or 2 km long) from the main road to the hotels alongside the sand dunes are normally not asphalted
You can also fly to Ouarzazate from Casablanca, then continue to Erfoud, Rissani and Merzouga.
Get around
Rent a quad (sand-buggy) or a 4x4. Hike. There are no local busses. There are taxis from Merzouga to Rissani and back, but they don't do other routes. Tour operators can arrange 4x4s or SUVs with driver/guides from Marrakech or Casablanca and back.
See
Sunrise/sunset over the dunes. Folk dances and black G'naui music.
See the ducks, and in early spring, flamingos, on the Dayet Srji salt lake, just West of Merzouga. There are many other species of birds (ruddy sheldrack and Kittllitz's plower during the spring migration, Tristram's desert warbler, the Egyptian nightjar, the arabian buzzard and falcons), and the desert sparrows are unique to this region and can be seen all year round.
There are also reptiles (algerian sand lizards, berber skinks and snakes), mammals such as gerbils, desert hedgehogs, field mice and desert foxes, and scarab beetles. In the morning, you can often see their tracks in the sand. Brown scorpions can occasionally be seen, but they come out at night and tend to avoid humans.
Do
Overnight camel trips in the nearby Erg Chebbi sand dunes. Hiking. Hire a 4x4 and drive around the dunes. Visits can be arranged to Berber homes to see how they live, watch them prepare home-made bread and cous-cous or tagines, eat with them and drink mint tea.
Buy
Berber rugs, jewellery, antiques, from the local Berber co-operatives, where they will gladly explain their history and the symbology of the designs on the rugs.
Eat
Note: All food is made to order from local fresh products, and takes time to prepare.
Mechui (baby lamb roast in an adobe oven. Needs to be arranged for a minimum of 10 people), cous-cous, tagines (many types), fresh salads.
There are a couple of small restaurants in the center of Merzouga, but most restaurants are in hotels.
See also visits to eat in Berber homes, in things to do.
Drink
Mint tea, mint tea and mint tea!
BOTTLED water!!!
Sleep
There are about 50 small hotels of varying categories along the sand dunes and in Hassi Lybed, about 4 km from Merzouga.
• Haven La Chance Hotel, Hassi Lybed, Tel: +212 355-77269, is a modern, comfortable hotel with in-suite toilets and showers in most rooms, and Berber tents for the more adventurous. Singles / doubles with in-suite toilet and shower start from 25 € / 50 € with half board.
The owners also run a tour company that can organise tours around Morocco for individuals, families and small groups.
Get out
If you have a vehicle, drive back to Marrakech, Fez, Casablanca, etc, or continue your tour of Morocco.
If you don't have a vehicle, you didn't get here!
This is a usable article. It has information for getting in as well as some complete entries for restaurants and hotels. An adventurous person could use this article, but please plunge forward and help it grow!
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
8101.0 - Innovation and Technology Update (Newsletter), Apr 2001
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 30/04/2001
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5 KNOWLEDGE BASED ECONOMY INDICATORS
In November 2000, the ABS hosted a workshop in Canberra to discuss ways in which the Knowledge-Based Economy (KBE) can be described and measured. The workshop was held over one and a half days and was attended by a broad range of people, including representatives of federal and state governments and academic institutions.
The papers presented and discussed at the workshop are listed below, along with the respective authors.
• "Progress in S&T indicators: from R&D to the Knowledge Based Economy" Kevin Bryant, Department of Industry, Science and Resources (ISR).
• "APEC work on indicators of a KBE" Tony Weir, ISR.
• "OECD work in the measurement of KBE/S, including the measurement of knowledge-based industries" Kevin Bryant, ISR.
• "ABS draft framework" Elizabeth Finlay, Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS).
In addition, Sheridan Roberts of the ABS presented an introductory session on "Directions in S&T statistics". Derek Byars (ABS) led a discussion on directions in R&D statistics and Heather Olley (ABS outposted officer to ISR) facilitated a discussion on different ways in which innovation can be measured. If you are interested in a copy of any of the workshop papers or presentations, please contact Liz Finlay on elizabeth.finlay@abs.gov.au.
One of the main things we hoped to achieve at the workshop was consideration and discussion of an ABS draft framework of KBE indicators. The discussions of the framework arising at, and subsequent to, the Workshop were indeed thought provoking and have served to change the direction in which the ABS was heading. Consequently, the framework that the ABS eventually adopts for measurement of the KBE will probably look quite different to the one presented at the Workshop.
We expect to release an Information Paper in May on the framework of KBE indicators that the ABS proposes to adopt. This Information Paper should act as a mechanism to provoke further discussion and comments, indicating to the ABS whether the framework is considered by the expert community to be conceptually and methodologically sound, as well as whether the proposed data would be useful. Given the extensive consultation and discussion of KBE indicators to date, the window of opportunity for further comment subsequent to the release of the Information Paper is expected to be quite short.
One element of the Information Paper about which we will be particularly seeking feedback is the proposed strategy for publishing against the framework. In line with the ABS' mission to "assist and encourage informed decision-making, research and discussion within governments and the community", it is essential that the presentation and frequency of KBE publications are useful for the needs of those who are interested in this area of statistics. At this stage we expect to start releasing publications relating to the measurement of the KBE in the second half of 2001.
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
3301.0 - Births, Australia, 2010 Quality Declaration
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 25/10/2011
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BIRTHS
In 2010, there were 297,900 births registered in Australia, resulting from 293,300 confinements.
During the early 1900s, the number of births registered in Australia each year remained under 140,000, with a decline occurring in the early 1930s during the Great Depression. The number of births then increased rapidly, reaching a peak of 276,400 in 1971, falling sharply during the remainder of the 1970s, then increasing from the early 1980s to reach another peak in 1992 of 264,200 births. Following 1992, the annual number of birth registrations decreased, falling to 246,400 in 2001. The number of births then increased to a peak of 296,600 in 2008, before a slight decline in 2009 to 295,700 births. However, in 2010 the number of births increased again to 297,900 to record the highest number of births ever registered within a calendar year in Australia.
2.4 Births registered - 1900 to 2010
Sex ratio
Just over half (51%) of all births registered in 2010 were male babies, resulting in a sex ratio at birth of 105.2 male births per 100 female births. The sex ratio for all births registered in Australia generally fluctuates around 105.5 male births per 100 female births.
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Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
5676.0 - Business Indicators, Australia, Dec 2006
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 03/05/2007
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< Cornbread!
Tonight's Episodes >
: More Salam Pax. "Some idiots started firing their Kalashnikovs and guns and made my paranoid aunt totally believe that the American troops are in the street."
Filed under: ,
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(6) Month Of Kickstarter After-Action Report: Here you see the logo for Crispy Duck Games, one of the fictional studios in my novel Constellation Games (coming soon!). It's the first reward I've gotten out of July's Month of Kickstarter project. (Thanks, Brandon Eck; I didn't tell you anything except the name of the company, but you came up with something funny and appropriate.) Now that all the Kickstarter projects I backed have passed their deadlines, I'm going to take a graph-filled look at how they did, and take a few tiny stabs at guidelines for future projects that use Kickstarter or the Street Performer Protocol more generally.
Success rate
This is not a random sample of Kickstarter projects. I picked projects I actually wanted to back.
In all, I backed 52 projects for MoK. 31 of them succeeded, 19 failed, and two were canceled. My success rate was 60%, versus 40-45% for Kickstarter projects as a whole.
I think this shows good judgment on my part: I usually backed projects the day they started, and I avoided projects like MC Frontalot's music video that were obviously going to make their goal (or I backed them and didn't count them towards MoK.)
I don't have any information about the canceled projects, but I gathered basic information about the other 50: their funding goal, how much money they actually raised, how many backers they had, and how many updates their founders posted. This information became the graphs you're about to see.
I pledged at least $25 to each project, and more if necessary to get a cool reward, so my total expenditure was at least $725, and probably closer to $900.
This graph shows how much money each project raised. The line is the success line: projects on or above the line met their goals, and projects below the line failed.
Let's zoom in on the projects that failed:
Failure graph
Check that out. Most failed projects raised pretty much nothing. But many raised thousands of dollars but didn't get any of it. If the cheese vat project had asked for $3k instead of $20k, they could have made their goal, and still been able to produce all their prizes. They wouldn't have gotten a new cheese vat, but $3k is better than nothing.
Why do projects fail?
I looked at the failed projects and came up with four classes of failure. These are my subjective opinions about what went wrong with the projects.
1. About 30% of failed projects didn't hustle. The project creator put up a project on Kickstarter in the belief that hundreds of people would come by and back their project. Instead, they got me, the guy who looks at every single project despite the fact that Kickstarter really doesn't make it easy to do this. (eg. "50's Monster Movie Serial!")
2. Of course, hustling is no guarantee of success. For about 30% of the projects, the project creator hustled, and got money, but not as much as they asked for. They should have used a different rewards system, or assuming they could have delivered the existing rewards with less money, they should have asked for less. (eg. the "Bursts of Light" anthology.)
3. About 30% of failed projects clearly had both problems: they didn't hustle and they asked for way too much money. (eg. the Thousand Island dressing documentary).
4. About 10% of projects hustled towards a reasonable goal, but didn't make it because the project or the rewards were too niche. I think the best example is the oboe chamber music recital, which offered oboe reeds or oboe lessons at the $25 level.
Not shown: a much larger population of failed projects that I didn't back, which may have failed for other reasons.
What is the hustle?
How can I judge projects based on a vague quantity like "hustle"? I'm using the number of updates posted to the Kickstarter project as a very weak indicator of hustle. Here's a graph of updates versus backers, for all projects.
Kickstarter updates do not cause backers, if only because nobody but existing backers cares about your updates. But in my dataset, no project with zero updates ever got more than 50 backers. Updates and backers are both signs of this invisible third thing, "hustle". Updates are a good indicator that the project founder is hustling. Many update messages are exhortations to existing backers, asking them to propagate the project through their social networks.
It's quite possible to hustle and fail anyway. But if you don't find yourself writing some updates, it's a sign of a problem with your strategy.
Mean contribution
Here's a big difference between successful projects and failed projects. The mean mean contribution to a successful project is $76. That is, dividing the number of contributors by the money raised gives a certain number, and the mean of those numbers is $76. The median mean is $66. The standard deviation of the means is a huge $39, but I don't know if that has any statistical meaning.
(CAUTION: Sumana finds these graphs confusing, because the x-axis doesn't mean anything. It's just all the projects lined up next to each other. But I couldn't think of a better way to present this information.)
The mean mean contribution to a failed project is $43 (the median mean contribution is $38, the standard deviation of the mean a somewhat smaller $23).
I was pretty shocked about this. Even the numbers for failed projects greatly overshadow the $25 I usually kicked in (and still usually kick in). However, for a lot of board game projects, I contributed $40 or $50, because that was how much you had to contribute to get a copy of the game, and all those projects succeeded.
Takeaway lessons
1. Start the really good rewards at around $50. (You can go a little lower if you're doing a book.)
2. Try to get people who put a lot of money into a few Kickstarter projects, rather than people like me who spread it around.
3. If you're not sure how much you can raise, try something in the $1k-$2k range.
4. Hustle, dammit.
What's next
I'm a little loath to do this because it means a bunch more data entry, but I want to take a closer look at at least one of these projects, to figure out what "hustle" looks like in more detail. There's one MoK project that for me just defines "hustle", a project that reached a really high goal with a mean backer contribution of only $23. I figure that's a good one to investigate more closely. So stay tuned, or not.
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Mutation
Evolutionary Biology:
Mutation
Mutations in carrots have produced overt color distinctions. USDA
This article has been reviewed by the following Topic Editor: Emily Monosson
Irradiation of pineapple plants is being conducted to induce mutations
in search of higher productivity and thorn reduction. PNRI
A mutation is an alteration of the genomic sequence of DNA molecules. Mutations may cause altered function in the affected organism, or may cause alteration of inherited traits of offspring, or no change at all. In the case of viruses the mutation may apply to DNA or RNA molecules, depending upon the viral species. Mutation an important driver of evolution. Mutations are generated by a variety of causes: some external to the organism and some internal. External causes include impingement of some forms of electromagnetic radiation, such as x-rays or ultraviolet radiation, and may also include exposure to mutagenic chemicals or viral infection. Mutation processes not induced by any external forces include genomic replication errors, transcription errors, code sequence transpositions and an immune system response known as somatic hypermutation.
The physiological consequences of mutation are quite variable, ranging from death of a single cell, carcinoma to heritable genetic outcome - or they a mutation may be repaired through DNA repair mechanisms. Mutations in reproductive (germline) cells of multicellular organisms generally produce inheritable consequences, while mutation within other tissues (somatic) ordinarily only have outcomes affecting the individual in which the mutation occurs.
Consequences of mutation
Drosophila melanogaster offspring with variation in eye and
body color; this is a model organism for studying mutations.
Depending upon the molecular nature of the mutation, and depending on the locus in specialized cells versus reproductive cells, the consequences of mutation range from insignificant to catastrophic; moreover, in the majority of mutation instances which represent non-coding occurrences, there is usually no immediate impact upon cellular function or heritable trait change; however, there may be latent mutations that reside in the non-coding segments that can be important in gene expression for future generations.
Where mutations occur in coding sequences within non-reproductive cells, the impact to an organism may be a minor alteration in metabolic efficiency (either beneficial or deleterious); in extreme cases cell death may occur, when the metabolic change is adverse and highly consequential. Other adverse outcomes may produce a cell that has abnormal morphology, combined with exceptional replication robustness; these circumstances are usually considered carcinoma events, where the mutated cells take over the native tissue and may invade other body organs. Ultraviolet or X-ray radiation induced mutations may either cleave the DNA molecule entirely (in which case reproduction is not likely to occur), or else cause pointwise mutations (which outcome will sometimes lead to formation of a cancerous cell).
In the instances that genetic mutations result in morphologically distinguishable offspring, there are potentially significant implications for the species evolution and survival. Some research has suggested that exposure of amphibians and other fauna to mutagenic pesticides can lead to dramatic changes in organism morphology and corresponding fitness reduction. These outcomes are often called deformities, and their consequences will be elaborated in the discussion of natural selection below.
Types of mutations
Ethylnitrosourea, an alkylating mutagenic agent. There are a number of distinct types of mutation:
• Mutation in non-coding genomic sequences, which have no known effect upon organism traits or metabolism
• Beneficial mutations that allow inherited traits of greater fitness or reproductive success
• Adverse (including some carcinogenic) mutations that allow inherited traits of reduced fitness or reproductive success
• Non-heritable mitochondrial mutations that provide different coding instructions for protein assembly
• Lethal or carcinogenic mutations that threaten the life of the organism, but are not heritable
• Mutations that diversify the genomic character and may assist in future generation adaptability
Role in natural selection
Mutations are fundamental to the phenomena of genetic variability and natural selection. Such processes must be viewed as inheritance transitions spanning at least hundreds or thousands of reproductive generations. Mutations may produce viable offspring that have differences in traits from parent stock. After this molecular clock has ticked for thousands of generations, there may be a panoply of genomic mutations that represent a richness of characteristics that exhibit (usually) subtle differences in the organism of interest. Mutations which are favorable to species fitness, survival and reproduction are preferentially propagated to the successive generation, since higher reproductive success is expected for individuals holding these beneficial mutations. Conversely, individuals who have adverse mutations are discriminated upon in their propagation and fecundity.
Role in research and medicine
Sheep 1 and 3 are offspring of mutants having the
callipyge (robust rump) syndrome. USDA
Mutations have been noted and used in agricultural research for centuries. Dedicated crop and animal scientists have utilized random mutations for breeding of more productive species as well as more disease resistant species to feed the rapidly expanding human population.
In some cases these efforts have led to overzealous production of narrow breeding lines that endanger the gene pool of a diverse seed or breeding stock, and amplify the adverse effects of monoculture farming systems.
In more modern times scientists are applying knowledge of mutations to combat cancer, specifically targeting tumors with agents that can cause such damage to cancer cells that they are preferentially destroyed. These techniques include radiation as well as chemical mutagens; while many such efforts offer great promise, the spatial targeting of these measures are critical hurdles in defining effective portocols.
The molecular view
Most altered DNA or mutations arise from substitution or deletion of one or more nucleotides. If the nucleotide affected represents a coding portion of the DNA molecule, there results an alteration of amino acid selection in the instructions within the cell that construct essential proteins required for cell functioning. If the mutation occurs in a non-coding portion of the DNA molecule, there is no impact to the organism, although, if the non-coding mutation occurs in the egg or sperm cells, the altered DNA sequence may be inherited, with an expectation that there will be no impact to traits of successive generations.
Double helix DNA model
Single nucleotide polymorphism
The simplest form of replication error mutation is the substitution of a single nucleotide; most commonly there are only two different alleles that can result from this type of polymorphism due to constraints of stereochemistry and base pair bonding. Only about 1.5 percent of these single nucleotide polymorphisms occur in the coding portions of the DNA molecule. In general the non-coding substitution mutations do not result in genotype expression, except in some cases where the non-coding sections influence instructions for cellular metabolic regulation.
Nucleotide deletion
When a single base is deleted in a replication process, it is termed a deletion mutation. This form of mutation is very difficult for the cellular DNA apparati to repair, and can lead to a frameshift mutation described below.
Frameshift mutation
In non-coding sequences, it is relatively common to observe insertion/deletion mutations where one or more nucleotides is involved; however, such mutations are rare in coding sequences, probably due to the fact that resulting codons often interrupt the replication process itself. Thus, such mutations may not propagate to successive generations. Such nucleotide substitutions which are numerically not divisable by three, and fail to replicate are termed frameshift mutations.
Simple variable number of tandem repeat polymorphism
This phenomenon is characterized by alleles containing tandemly repeated runs of a simple coding sequence. In the case of microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats, the sequence may be a single or several base pairs long, but the array length may extend from about ten to more than 100 nucleotides. An alternate form of minisatellites, the total array may span hundred of nucleotides, and the loci frequently possess multiple alleles.
Inversion polymorphism
There are a number of examples of high sequence homology within portions of the genome. For example, within the euchromatic, or genetically active portion of the human genome, there is a very long repetitive sequence, where inversion polymorphisms commonly occur; moreover, this specific portion of the genome is one common to the coding for all primate animals. This very long high homology sequence is predisposed to large scale deletion, duplication and inversion polymorphism. In the case of inversion polymorphisms there is a low incidence of deleterious or disease outcome, which adverse outcomes are often associated with the duplication and deletion scenarios.
Large scale sequence variants
Sometimes very large scale mutations occur altering hundreds to thousands of consecutive base pairs in non-coding portions of the genome. These occurrences are alternatively termed chromosomal polymorphisms, and they can often be detected by conventional cytogenetic methods because of their extraordinary size; conversely, due to the occurrence in non-coding portions of the genome, they have little or no impact upon cellular metabolism or trait alteration.
Fourfold degenerate sites
Some gene loci are in codon positions where a nucleotide substitution does not affect the specifications for codon translation. In these cases there is no effective outcome of a nucleotide substitution mutation. The loci of such substitutions are termed fourfold degenerate sites, and this type of mutation comprises approximately sixteen percent of nucleotide substitution mutations.
Twofold degenerate sites
This form of coding sequence replacement that affects either the first or third base pair in the codon. In these substitutions only two of three of the substituted will code for a new amino acid. Replacement by a base that does not affect amino acid coding is sometimes called a silent mutation, since there is no functional change ensuing from a replacement base, where the resulting sequence codes for the original amino acid of the codon.
Transposon mutation
This process permits a gene to be transferred to the chromosome of a host organism, altering or interrupting functionality of a gene and inducing a mutation.
Deamination
Hydrolysis may transform a normal base to an atypical one that has a keto group instead of the original amine group; for example, cytosine can be altered in this fashion to produce uracil. This type of mutation is considered a pointwise spontaneous event since no external forces are involved; it is a mutation type that is most readily corrected by DNA cellular repair mechanisms.
Alkylation
Mutation of nucleotide bases may occur by presence of certain mutagenic chemicals. The process of alkylation is an example of such an incursion by a foreign chemical into the chromosomal area. A specific mutagen known to high a high frequency of mutations is nitrosourea, which ethylates one of the bases, usually thymine.
Chemical mutagens
3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-5H-furan-2-one,
a mutagen present in many water systems.
There are a number of chemicals implicated in mutation phenomena. Some are indigenous to the organisms naturally, and some are taken into the cells via environmental exposure. Chief among these mutagens are:
• Reactive oxygen species, a set of oxidative agents that are almost always present in living cells, but whose elevated concentrations pose risk to DNA and its replication
• Alkylation molecules, capable of substituting a methyl, ethyl or other alkyl modification to a base
• Certain aromatic compounds, including derivatives of benzene, pyrene and anthrocene
• Nitrous acid, which can convert an amine group of cytocine or adenine to a diazo group; nitrous oxide can also be classed as an indigenous DNA crosslinking element.
• Intercalating agents, which can insert themselves within the DNA double helix and interfere with normal replication (examples include berberine, thalidomide and proflavine)
• Molecules that can substitute for a nucleotide, such as 5-bromouracil
• Molecules that can covalently bond to a segment of DNA (These chemicals are often carcinogenic; acetaldehyde is an example molecule.)
The numbers game
From a statistical standpoint, it is easy to understand why replication mutations can occur. During a human lifespan, for example, approximately 1017 cell divisions occur; compounded with this staggering number of instances where replication errors can take place, one must remember that each chromosomal reproduction needs about six billion matchups of base pairs. These numerical aspects are not only sobering, but also underscore the necessity of DNA repair mechanisms at work in the replication process.
In fact, the natural replication process that employs DNA polymerase is documented to have about one error (or mutation event) in every ten trillion base pair selections; while that uncorrected number is impressive, it would still lead to an unacceptable rate of mutations, were it not for the DNA repair capabilities inherent in all organisms.
References
• George C.Williams. 1966. Adaptation and natural selection: a critique of some current evolutionary thought. Princeton Science Library. "Evolutionary adaptation is a phenomenon of pervasive importance in biology".
• T. Strachan and Andrew P. Read. 2004. Human Molecular Genetics. Garland Science. 674 pages
• S.Hitotsumachi, D.A.Carpenter and W.L.Russell. 1985. Dose-Repetition Increases the Mutagenic Effectiveness of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in Mouse Spermatogonia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 6619-6621
• J.Bertram. 2000. The molecular biology of cancer. Mol. Aspects Med. 21 (6): 167–223.
• Daniel L.Hartl and Elizabeth W.Jones. 2009. Genetics: analysis of genes and genomes. Jones & Bartlett. 763 pages
• A.D.Richards and A.Rodgers. 2007. Synthetic metallomolecules as agents for the control of DNA structure. Chem. Soc. Rev. 36: 471–483.
Citation
C Michael Hogan (Lead Author);Emily Monosson (Topic Editor) "Mutation". In: Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). [First published in the Encyclopedia of Earth October 12, 2010; Last revised Date October 28, 2010; Retrieved May 18, 2013 <http://www.eoearth.org/article/Mutation?topic=49508>
The Author
Standing within a gentoo penguin colony on King George Island, Antarctica, Dr. C. Michael Hogan served a term as Editor in-Chief of the Encyclopedia of Earth which ended in 2012. In addition to authoring a number of papers for the Encyclopedia of Earth, he is a physicist who has published over 1220 peer reviewed articles in other journals and government monographs in the fields of molecular biology, quantum spinwaves, atmospheric physics, biogeochemistry, hydrological modeling, species populat ... (Full Bio)
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Michigan NewspapersEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
United States U.S. Newspapers Michigan Newspapers
Contents
History
Resources for Michigan Newspapers
A newspaper pool has been organized by the Library of Michigan, Detroit Public Library, and other institutions to gather and microfilm all known Michigan newspapers. These microfilms are available to public and university libraries that participate in interlibrary loan. A description of the state's newspapers is in the Fall-Winter, 1971–72, issue of Family Trails (see the "Periodicals" section).
Libraries and Archives
Newspapers in the Library of Michigan in Lansing are listed on their web site.
Newspaper Directory
The U.S. Newspaper Directory, 1690-Present is a national directory from the Library of Congress of over 140,000 newspaper titles. The directory provides a list of libraries from around the country that have the newspapers in their collections.
Digital Issues Online
Wikipedia has more about this subject: List of online newspaper archives
NewspaperArchive.com ($) has a large collection of Michigan newspapers online. This database is sometimes free at libraries under the name AccessNewspaperArchive.
Indexes
Link, Muriel. Obituaries Index, 1933–1948. Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1976. (Family History Library films 1002031–44.) This index contains clippings from various Michigan newspapers.
The Historical Records Survey (Michigan). Vital Records from the Detroit Free Press 1831–1868. Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1973. (Family History Library films 927477–79.) (Worldcat)
Web Sites
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• This page was last modified on 11 September 2012, at 21:06.
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Penzance St PaulEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Contents
Parish History
General overview
Resources
Civil Registration
Births, marriages and deaths were kept by the government from July 1837 to the present day. The civil registration article tells more about these records. There are several Internet sites with name lists or indexes. A popular site is Free BMD
Church records
Overview, Include information for parish registers and Bishop's Transcripts, Contact information for the office holding the original records, Links to the Family History Library Catalog showing the film numbers in their collection.
Images of parish registers are available online in historic records (formerly Record Search) Images refer to Cornwall County Record Office reference: P 180
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• This page was last modified on 12 October 2010, at 22:33.
• This page has been accessed 152 times.
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France HuguenotsEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Revision as of 12:06, 15 February 2013 by Paynescrossing (Talk | contribs)
Back to France
In France the term Huguenots was used to denote French Calvinist Protestants.[1]
A first synod of church reformers in Paris in 1539 constituted a Reformed Church, Eglise réformée, on Calvinist lines whose adherents became known as Huguenots. They grew to become a significant minority in many areas of France by the time of their second synod in Poitiers in 1561.
Not all French protestants were Huguenots: the Lutheran church, la Confession d'Augsbourg was legally tolerated in Alsace and their church registers date back to 1525. If you have protestant ancestors from Alsace, it is important to know if they were Lutheran or Huguenot.
Contents
Emigration
Britain
French churches were already established in London, Canterbury and Norwich by the time of the St Bartholomew's Day massacre in 1572 which prompted the first great wave of refugees to Britain. Increasing persecution from 1661 which culminated in the 1685 Revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685) led to the second great wave. It is estimated that some 40,000–50,000 Huguenots settled in England, mostly in London.
Strictly speaking the term huguenots refer to French Calvinists, in English the term embraces Walloons and Dutch refugees from the Low Countries.
The Huguenot Society of London was formed in 1885 and is now known as The Huguenot Society of Great Britain and Ireland. It published R. E. G. Kirk, Returns of Aliens in London, 1523–1603 (1900-1908) in 10 volumes and 4 parts.
= North America
Florida
French Huguenots led by Laudonnière settled in Florida in 1564. An initial plantation of 300 established Fort Caroline now part of present day Jacksonville.
Wikipedia has more about this subject: René Goulaine de Laudonnière
South Carolina
Jean Ribault establsihed a French Huguenot colony in South Carolina in 1562. American Presbyterianism can trace its origins to this foundation.
Wikipedia has more about this subject: Jean Ribault
Websites
Did you know?
Local Huguenot churches were called temples whereas Catholic churches were called églises.[1]
References
1. 1.0 1.1 "Huguenots" in Gordon Campbell (ed.), The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance (2003, Oxford University Press) ISBN-13: 9780198601753 via Oxford Reference Online (2012) eISBN: 9780191727795 accessed 15 February 2013.
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Peru, La Libertad, Civil Registration (FamilySearch Historical Records)Edit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Revision as of 15:53, 12 December 2012 by MaryRKleinman (Talk | contribs)
This article describes a collection of historical records available at FamilySearch.org.
Contents
Title in the Language of the Records
Registro Civil de La Libertad, Peru
Record Description
This collection will include records from 1903-1998.
Civil registration in Peru identifies residents and issues certificates regarding their identity. The registration of births, marriages, and deaths documents the civil status of the residents The information in civil records may be the most accurate available for finding an ancestor who lived in Peru. Parish records would be next best since they were created much earlier than the civil records.
The earlier records are handwritten in a narrative format. The later records are also handwritten but on a printed form. Some of the text may also vary slightly. Before the government instituted civil registration in Peru, the Catholic Church was the only institution tracking the births, marriages, and deaths of the population. In 1852, during the Republican Era, the government instituted civil registration. This was first done by political authorities, such as prefecture, subprefecture, and state. In 1856, this responsibility was given to municipalities. Currently, civil registration is in the hands of RENIEC, which delegates the registration process to municipal registrars.
In 1876, Peru’s census counted a population of 2.6 million residents, with just over 100,000 of those living in Lima. By 1900, Peru’s population numbered 3.8 million, with 223,807 in Lima. The Family History Library’s collection includes civil registers from the following municipalities:
• Lima o Cercado de lima
• Ancón
• Barranco
• Chorrillos
• Lurigancho
• Magdalena del Mar
• Magdalena Vieja
• Miraflores
• San Miguel (previously known as San Miguel del Mar)
• Santiago de Surco (previously known as San José de Surco)
For a list of records by localities and dates currently published in this collection, select the Browse.
Citation for This Collection
The following citation refers to the original source of the information published in FamilySearch.org Historical Record collections. Sources include the author, custodian, publisher and archive for the original records.
Regional Archive of La Libertad. Peru, La Libertad, Civil Registration. Regional Archive of La Libertad.
Suggested citation format for a record in this collection.
Record Content
Important genealogical information found in birth records include:
• Date and place of registration
• Child's name and gender
• Child's date and place of birth
• Legitimacy of child
• Parents’ names, their ages and residence
• Names of witnesses
Important genealogical information found in marriage records include:
• Date and place of registration
• Date and place of marriage
• Groom's name, age, marital status, occupation, nativity and residence
• Names of groom's parents
• Bride's name, age, marital status, occupation, nativity and residence
• Names of bride's parents
• Statement of religious affiliation
• Names of the witnesses
Important genealogical information found in birth records include:
• Time, date, and place of the registration
• Name, age and gender of deceased
• Date, place and time of death
• Cause of death
• Names of parents
• Names of witnesses, their age and residence
• Name of person registering death and their relationship to deceased
How to Use the Record
To search the collection, select "Browse through images" on the initial collection page
⇒ Select the “Departamento o región”
⇒ Select the “Provincia”
⇒ Select the “Distrito o municipalidad”
⇒ Select the "Tipo de registro y años" which takes you to the images.
Look at the images one by one comparing the information with what you already know about your ancestors to determine which one is your ancestor. You may need to compare the information about more than one person to make this determination. For genealogical research, the birth, marriage, and death records contain important information for at least two and sometimes three generations of ancestors in one document.
When browsing this collection it is helpful to know the following:
• The place where the event occurred
• The name and surname of the person
• The approximate date of the event
• The name of the parents or spouse
Known Issues with This Collecton
Problems with this collection?
See a list of known issues, workarounds, tips, restrictions, future fixes, news and other helpful information.
For a full list of all known issues associated with this collection see the attached Wiki article. If you encounter additional problems, please email them to support@familysearch.org. Please include the full path to the link and a description of the problem in your e-mail. Your assistance will help ensure that future reworks will be considered.
Related Websites
Related Wiki Articles
Contributions to This Article
We welcome user additions to FamilySearch Historical Records wiki articles. Guidelines are available to help you make changes. Thank you for any contributions you may provide. If you would like to get more involved join the WikiProject FamilySearch Records.
Citing FamilySearch Historical Collections
When you copy information from a record, you should list where you found the information. This will help you or others to find the record again. It is also good to keep track of records where you did not find information, including the names of the people you looked for in the records.
A suggested format for keeping track of records that you have searched is found in the wiki article Help:How to Cite FamilySearch Collections.
Citation Example for a Record Found in This Collection
“Peru La Libertad, Civil Registration, 1903-1997,” images, FamilySearch https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-1961-27111-27349-90?cc=2016224&wc=MMMZ-YMZ:1796442028 : accessed 2 Aug 2012), Peru La Libertad, Civil Registration, 1903-1907, La Libertad > Huamachuco > Huamachuco > Nacimientos 1982 nov - dic > image 4 of 233; entry for Felix Leonard Compos Medrao, born 7 November 1982, Concejo, Provicial de Sanchez Carrion, Registro Civil.Regional Archive of La Libertad. Civil Registration (Registros Civiles). Regional Archive of La Libertad.
Need additional research help? Contact our research help specialists.
Need wiki, indexing, or website help? Contact our product teams.
Did you find this article helpful?
You're invited to explain your rating on the discussion page (you must be signed in).
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Changes related to "Scotland Land and Property"
From FamilySearch Wiki
This is a list of changes made recently to pages linked from a specified page (or to members of a specified category). Pages on your watchlist are bold.
Recent changes options Show last 50 | 100 | 250 | 500 changes in last 1 | 3 | 7 | 14 | 30 days
Hide minor edits | Show bots | Hide anonymous users | Hide logged-in users | Hide my edits
Show new changes starting from 06:47, 18 May 2013
Page name:
No changes on linked pages during the given period.
New to the Research Wiki?
In the FamilySearch Research Wiki, you can learn how to do genealogical research or share your knowledge with others.
Learn More
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Medicine » Public Health » "Public Health - Social and Behavioral Health", book edited by Jay Maddock, ISBN 978-953-51-0620-3, Published: May 16, 2012 under CC BY 3.0 license
Chapter 14
Challenges in Healthcare in Multi-Ethnic Societies: Communication as a Barrier to Achieving Health Equity
By Emine Kale and Bernadette Nirmal Kumar
DOI: 10.5772/38259
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Bibliography: I, Robot: The Illustrated Screenplay
You are not logged in. If you create a free account and sign in, you will be able to customize what is displayed.
Review of: I, Robot: The Illustrated Screenplay
Author: Harlan Ellison
Reviewer: Paul Di Filippo
Year: 1995
Type: REVIEW
ISFDB Record Number: 1368540
User Rating: This title has fewer than 5 votes. VOTE
Current Tags: None Add Tags
Publications:
Copyright (c) 1995-2011 Al von Ruff.
ISFDB Engine - Version 4.00 (04/24/06)
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Ella Baker Community and Movement Coordination Assembly
Posted by & filed under Assembly.
Date/Time
Date(s) - 03/01/2013
6:30 pm - 9:00 pm
Category(ies)
Women’s History Month Event
Ella Baker Community and Movement Coordination Assembly: Building Occupy Wall Street to Connect and Build with the 99%
In this SPECIAL assembly to honor and commemorate Women’s History Month. we will discuss the significance, insight and organizing tactics of Ella Baker and her struggles around a variety of issues that People of Color, the Working Class, Women, Poor People and all of the 99% face today!
Please join us for this important assembly and strategic session to discuss, and coordinate between Occupy and other groups on upcoming and ongoing, labor, political, environmental, community based and human rights issues our movement is dealing with today !
You must be logged in to post a comment.
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"warc_url": "http://www.ohloh.net/p/andrewpowell/estimated_cost"
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Estimated Cost
Analyzed 6 days ago based on code collected 6 days ago.
Project Cost Calculator
$ .00
77,534 lines
19 person-years
$ 1,030,326 *
*Using the Basic COCOMO Model
Estimate seems way too high?
Ohloh scans all files at any given code location to calculate the cost estimate.
Ohloh lets you exclude files and direc-tories from this calculation on the Code Locations page. You can get a more realistic estimate by excluding:
• External dependencies or libraries
• Non-code files
About Cost Estimates
• Software cost estimation is tricky business even when all the variables are known -- knowlegdge which we certainly don't have.
• We calculate the estimated cost of the project using the Basic COCOMO model.
• For those familiar with the details, we are using coeffcients a=2.4 and b=1.05.
• Please note that COCOMO was created to model large institutional projects, which often don't compare well with distributed open-source projects.
• COCOMO is meant to include the design, specification drafting, reviewing and management overhead that goes along with producing quality software.
• This model seems to be most accurate with mature, large projects. Young projects with little activity are typically overvalued.
Copyright © 2013 Black Duck Software, Inc. and its contributors, Some Rights Reserved. Unless otherwise marked, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License . Ohloh ® and the Ohloh logo are trademarks of Black Duck Software, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders.
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Activity Not Available
Contributors : asyd
Analyzed about 1 month ago based on code collected about 1 month ago.
Activity on easyAnt by asyd
All-time Commits: 1
12-Month Commits: 0
30-Day Commits: 0
Overall Kudo Rank:
First Commit: 28-Nov-2008
Last Commit: 28-Nov-2008
Names in SCM: asyd
Commit history:
Recent Kudos...
... for easyAnt given by:
There are no kudos for this contributor at this time.
Do you know this contributor?
Ohloh computes statistics about contributors by analyzing their commits on all FOSS projects. We would like to be able to attribute this work to the right person, so if you know the contributor, please help out:
Are you this developer?
Add this position to your profile!
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Send him or her an invite to join Ohloh.
Project Commits
Approximately one year of commit activity shown
Project Languages
Language Aggregate Coding Time Total Commits Total Lines Changed Comment Ratio
shell script 1m 1 5 -
Copyright © 2013 Black Duck Software, Inc. and its contributors, Some Rights Reserved. Unless otherwise marked, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License . Ohloh ® and the Ohloh logo are trademarks of Black Duck Software, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders.
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{
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"warc_url": "http://www.ohloh.net/p/jifty/estimated_cost"
}
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Activity Not Available
Estimated Cost
Analyzed about 2 years ago based on code collected over 3 years ago.
Project Cost Calculator
$ .00
68,932 lines
17 person-years
$ 922,041 *
*Using the Basic COCOMO Model
Estimate seems way too high?
Ohloh scans all files at any given code location to calculate the cost estimate.
Ohloh lets you exclude files and direc-tories from this calculation on the Code Locations page. You can get a more realistic estimate by excluding:
• External dependencies or libraries
• Non-code files
About Cost Estimates
• Software cost estimation is tricky business even when all the variables are known -- knowlegdge which we certainly don't have.
• We calculate the estimated cost of the project using the Basic COCOMO model.
• For those familiar with the details, we are using coeffcients a=2.4 and b=1.05.
• Please note that COCOMO was created to model large institutional projects, which often don't compare well with distributed open-source projects.
• COCOMO is meant to include the design, specification drafting, reviewing and management overhead that goes along with producing quality software.
• This model seems to be most accurate with mature, large projects. Young projects with little activity are typically overvalued.
Copyright © 2013 Black Duck Software, Inc. and its contributors, Some Rights Reserved. Unless otherwise marked, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License . Ohloh ® and the Ohloh logo are trademarks of Black Duck Software, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders.
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User:Anthony C. Forster
From OpenWetWare
Revision as of 08:58, 4 November 2007 by Anthony C. Forster (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
Anthony C. Forster
Synthetic Tony Forster
Personal/Lab Info
Anthony C. Forster, M.D., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
459 PRB
Pharmacology Dept. 6600
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
2222 Pierce Ave.
Nashville, TN 37232
U.S.A.
E-mail: a.forster@vanderbilt.edu
Fax: 615-936 5555
Office phone: 615-936 3112
Lab phone: 615-936 0424
Lab web: https://medschool.mc.vanderbilt.edu/forster
Dept web: http://www.vanderbilt.edu/pharmacology
Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology web:
http://www.vanderbilt.edu/vicb/index.html
Residual OpenWetWare instructions to remove from this page when done: There are of course many ways to format your text. The easiest way to learn is to find an OWW page with the formatting you like, click on the edit button again, and see for yourself how it was created in the text box. Here's an extensive list of formating examples. Or look at this OpenWetWare introductory tutorial. You can always retrieve edits by clicking on the 'history' tab at the top of this page. Take a look at some of the other User pages. For example, check out User:Julius_B._Lucks, User:Jason_R._Kelly and User:Reshma_P._Shetty. You'll also notice that we have put an 'image' placeholder at the top of the page. To upload an image, click on the Upload file link on the left-hand side (toolbar). Choose a file from your computer, and remember the file name. After you have uploaded the image, you should see it loaded on its own page. User your browser's back button to come back to this page, click on edit, and replace 'OWWEmblem.png' with the name of your file that you have uploaded in the second line of this page.
Personal tools
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}
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User:Chris D Hirst/Protocols
From OpenWetWare
(Difference between revisions)
Jump to: navigation, search
m (Production of Samples)
m (Gel removal and Staining)
Line 247: Line 247:
=====Gel removal and Staining=====
=====Gel removal and Staining=====
-
#
+
#When the running buffer has been eluted from the gel or has reached the very bottom, turn off the current and machine
+
#Remove the lid of the PAGE tank and remove the gel holder from inside
+
#Release both gels from the holder and lay them down separately in their glass cases
+
#Carfeully remove the glass cover and place well away from other glass objects
+
#Prepare a tray with a protein dye soltuion
+
#'''Slowly''' peel the gel off the glass plate and into the protein dye solution (using the adhesive ability of the water helps)
+
#Leave to stain for 20 minutes or overnight (if staining overnight, place a film or lid over the tray to reduce evaporation)
+
#To destain, the stain should be poured back into the stain bottle and the gel immersed in destain solution until the destain solution is bright blue
+
##At this point, pour off the old destain and add some fresh
+
#When the gel background is relatively colourless, the gel should be removed from destain and kept in water before imaging
==Protocol X==
==Protocol X==
Revision as of 06:12, 21 August 2008
Contents
Protocols
Here will be placed any finished or currently worked on protocols until they are deemed of a high enough standard to be put on the Imperial iGEM 08 wetware wiki.
Cell Count v Optical Density Curve Calibration
Aim
To produce a calibration curve to aid in the normalising of fluorescence values to allow proper characterisation of Promoters and RBSs for B.subitlis. This protocol must give results that are as accurate as possible over a considerable range of Optical Densities.
Equipment
Spectrophotometer
Cuvettes
P20, P200 and P1000 Gilsons
50mL flask (an additional one for each repeat)
Timer
Reagents
LB Medium
Lots of LB Agar plates
Protocol
Be VERY careful to avoid contamination at all stages
1. Grow up a culture of B.subtilis overnight
2. Prepare a 50mL flask of LB medium, adding the required antibiotics (if any) and take 1mL to use as a blank
3. Pipette 500μL into the 50mL of LB medium and mix thoroughly
4. Immediately take 1mL of the new culture and measure the OD against the blank
1. Dilute 100μL of culture in 900μL of LB and mix well
2. Plate 100μL of this diluted solution
3. Repeat the dilution and plating 8 times to obtain plates for colony counting
1. Be sure to mark the OD, time and dilution for each plate!
5. At 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 150 minutes and 180 minutes take further 1 mL samples, measure OD, dilute and plate
6. The Following day, check all plates to determine which plate at each time point is the most crowded plate on which all teh colonies can still be counted individually.
1. The cells on these plates should be counted, and the number of colonies mutiplied by the dilution factor to calculate the number of cells in 1mL
7. Plot a calibration curve of OD against cells per mL
PCR
This protocol is desgined for use with the stratagene PfuUltra II Fusion DNA polymerase and is according to the DNA polymerase usage manual. PfuUltra II Fusion Manual
Aim
To produce clones of two genes from B.subtilis that are too big to have synthesised by GeneArt; for use as integration sequences (AmyE and PyrT) or for their original purpose (XylR).
Equipment
Heated lid PCR machine
Thin walled PCR tube
Reagents
Reagent Volume
Distilled H2O 16μL
10Χ PfuUltra®II reaction buffer 5μL
dNTP mix (12.5mM each dNTP) 0.5μL
B.subtilis genomic DNA (50ng/μL) 1μL
Forward Primer (5μM) 1μL
Reverse Primer (5μM) 1μL
PfuUltra® II fusion HS DNA polymerase 0.5μL
Total Reaction Volume 25μL
Note. Template DNA should be diluted to 100ng/μL. If template DNA concentration is below 100ng/μL, 50ng of DNA should be added and the volume of H2O to be added should adjusted to maintain a reaction volume of 25μL
The forward and reverse primers should contain the Biobrick prefix (forward primer) and the complementary sequence to the Biobrick suffix (reverse primer) 5' of the beginning of the annealing sequence
Protocol
Add all the reagents in order (down the list) sequentially to the PCR tube mxing after each addition. Place PCR tubes into th ePCR machine and set the programme to the following set-up:
Initial Denaturation: 2 minutes at 95°C
30 Cycles of: 20 second denaturation at 95°C
20 second annealing time at Primer Tm - 5°C
15 second extending time at 72°C
Final Extension: 3 minutes at 72°C
The resulting solution can then be purified using a PCR purification column or by gel electrophoresis followed by spin purification.
Preparation of XL1-Blue Electrocompetent cells
Aims
Prepaeration of E.coli cells for cloning of Biobricks and construct construction
Equipment
Centrifuge(s)
Sterile Centrifugation bottles
50mL Tubes
Large Flasks
Eppendorf Tubes
P200 Pipette
Stripettes
Reagents
1 Litre of LB medium (and appropriate antibiotics)
1-2 Litres of autoclaved and chilled ddH2O
10% glycerol in ddH2O, autoclaved and chilled
Dry ice bath
Protocol
Keep Everything Cold where possible
Set aside an afternoon for this, starting the culture in the morning
Check the culture while growing frequently
1. Grow up a culture of E.coli XL1-blue cells overnight
2. Add 20mL of overnight culture to 1 Litre of LB medium (containing appropriate antibiotic)
3. Grow cells while mixing at at least 225rpm until the culture reaches an OD600nm of 0.5-0.6 (1.6-1.9×108cells/mL)
1. Test OD immediately after innoculating the Litre flask.
2. First doubling may take 1 hour but doublings after that should be very 20-30 mins, so check often!
4. When OD is 0.5-0.6, transfer the culture to 2 sterile 500mL centrifugation bottles and cool on ice for a few minutes
5. Pellet cells in a centrifuge at 4000×g for 15 mins
6. Quickly but carefully pour off the supernatant then carefully resuspend the cells in 10mL of ice cold ddH2O
7. Fill both tubes to about 350mL with ice cold ddH2O
1. Make sure the pellet is fully resuspended!
8. Repellet the cells (as before) and again discard the supernatant
9. Resuspend cells again in 10mL of ddH2O, then fill both tubes up to about 150mL with ice cold ddH2O
10. Repellet the cells (as before)
1. While repelleting, fill the dry ice bath and set up eppendorf tubes (approximately 50) in a rack in the dry ice bath
11. Pour off the supernatant and resuspend the cells in 20mL of 10% glycerol (resuspend one pellet then transfer the solution to the other bottle and resuspend the second pellet)
12. Transfer the cells and glycerol solution to a sterile 50mL centrifuge tube and pellet for 15 mins at 4000×g
13. Pour off supernatant and resuspend pellet in 2mL of 10% glycerol
14. Pipette 50μL aliquots into the eppendorfs in the dry ice bath
1. Feeze on dry ice
2. Depending on pipetting accuracy, between 50 and 60 aliquots should be made
3. using a repeating pipetter makes this proces much faster and reduces risk of contamination
15. Store at -70°C
Biomaterial Secretion Testing by gel
Aims
To test for expression of biomaterials in B.subtilis and to determine if the biomaterials when expressed are being secreted or are remaining within the cell. This can also be extended to find optimal conditions for production and secretion.
Equipment
Vertical Gel electrophoresis tank and equipment
Desktop centrifuge
Pipettes
Eppendorfs
Reagents
Acrylamide
Gel buffers
TPA
TEMED
ddH2O
SDS
PAGE buffer
Coomassie Blue dye
Destain soltuion (%methanol,%,%)
Protein Marker
β-mercaptoethanol
LB medium (and antibiotics)
Protocol
Preparing a polyacrylamide gel
Production of Samples
• A 1mL sample of B.subtilis lacking the construct should be prepared by the following method and aliquots stored in PAGE buffer
1. Grow a culture of B.subtilis in 5mL of LB medium with antibiotics overnight
2. Take 50μL of overnight culture and inoculate 5mL of LB medium (with antibiotics) and grow until OD600 reaches 0.4-0.6
3. When OD reaches 0.4-0.6, take a 1mL sample then induce expression using a set concentration of inducer
1. Inducer is probably IPTG, xylose or light and each should have a specific concentration for use (determined previously)
2. Grow at 37°C for a pre-set amount of time (probably 1 hour or 4 hours but may be more)
4. When the culture has been allowed to grow for the set amount of time (or has reached a time point if using time points), harvest 1 mL of the culture and pipette into an eppendorf.
Preparation of Samples
1. Centrifuge the sample for 5 minutes at 13000rpm
2. Being careful not to disturb the pellet, pipette off the supernatant into a separate eppendorf
3. Resuspend the pellet in μL of PBS
4. Pipette μL of the pellet in PBS and the supernatant into separate tubes.
5. Mix each sample with
Loading and running the Gel
1. Boil all samples at °C for 5 minutes
2. Carefully mix each sample before loading by rubbing tube between fingers and load 15μL of sample into the wells, taking care to note which sample is in which well on which gel (if 2 are being loaded simultaneously).
1. When loading to gels, load along in one direction, alternating between the two gels (if both used), but beginning with the rear gel.
2. Be careful to load sample into a single well and not contaminate adjacent wells and avoid bubbles where possible
3. Gel should be run for approximately 70 minutes at 130V, or until the blue gel front has been eluted from the bottom of the gel
1. Check for bubble rising to ensure the gel is running correctly
Gel removal and Staining
1. When the running buffer has been eluted from the gel or has reached the very bottom, turn off the current and machine
2. Remove the lid of the PAGE tank and remove the gel holder from inside
3. Release both gels from the holder and lay them down separately in their glass cases
4. Carfeully remove the glass cover and place well away from other glass objects
5. Prepare a tray with a protein dye soltuion
6. Slowly peel the gel off the glass plate and into the protein dye solution (using the adhesive ability of the water helps)
7. Leave to stain for 20 minutes or overnight (if staining overnight, place a film or lid over the tray to reduce evaporation)
8. To destain, the stain should be poured back into the stain bottle and the gel immersed in destain solution until the destain solution is bright blue
1. At this point, pour off the old destain and add some fresh
9. When the gel background is relatively colourless, the gel should be removed from destain and kept in water before imaging
Protocol X
Aims
Equipment
Reagents
Protocol
Personal tools
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China’s Focus Lightings to Double Production Capacity with AIXTRON CRIUS II-L Systems
Printer-friendly versionPDF version
Aachen/Germany, January 15, 2013 - AIXTRON SE today announced that China's Focus Lightings Tech Inc. has ordered a number of CRIUS II-L systems for mass production of gallium nitride (GaN) light emitting diode (LED) epitaxial wafers. The systems will be configured to handle up to 69x2-inch wafers per run. The purchase was made in the fourth quarter of 2012. Shipment of the systems started in December 2012.
Huarong Pan, Chairman of Focus Lightings Tech, comments: "We eagerly await delivery of AIXTRON's latest CRIUS Close Coupled Showerhead (CCS) generation for our future mass production of white-light LEDs. With the system's low cost of ownership and high productivity as well as AIXTRON's strong customer service in China, the CRIUS II-L systems will increase our competitiveness in the LED market."
Tim Wang, General Manager at AIXTRON China Ltd., comments: "This new order from Focus Lightings Tech validates the production worthiness of the CRIUS II-L. I am convinced that Focus Lightings will soon benefit from the large production capacity and high throughput on a proven platform, along with the low cost of ownership, presently leading in the industry."
The CRIUS II-L system allows easy process transfer from earlier CRIUS systems. Furthermore, the L equipment can be refitted for a new wafer size up to 8-inch diameter by a simple change of the carrier plate.
Focus Lightings Tech Inc., located in Suzhou High-tech Industry Park (SIP), Jiangsu province of China, is specializing in developing and manufacturing high quality LED semiconductor chips, LD laser chips, as well as in semiconductor Lightings and IC products. At its new plant the company houses chip production lines for red, yellow, blue, green, and white LED lights, as well as an R&D center that aims to realize 150 LM/W with proprietary technologies for mass production and to successfully step up chip production from two- to four-inch substrates.
News Source : China’s Focus Lightings to Double Production Capacity with AIXTRON CRIUS II-L Systems
Copy this html code to your website/blog and link to this press release.
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Google AdWords Tests New Background Color But Why?
Oct 12, 2012 • 10:12 am | (11) by | Filed Under Google AdWords
Aaron Wall noticed that Google is testing a new AdWords background color that is ever so slightly different from the current one. The current color is #FFF8E7 and the test color is #FAFAE9.
The test color seems a bit darker or muddier to me but I am not sure if that is enough to increase clicks on the ads. Do you think one color is more blended into the organic results than the other? I guess Google is trying to test it.
Here is an animated GIF between the two:
We do not believe it is a colorblind thing because Aaron Wall and I put the two colors through
July 2010 - Pale Purple:
April 2007 - Yellow:
Prior - Blue :
Test of Green May 2008:
They even tested muticolored backgrounds.
Forum discussion at Google+.
Previous story: Poll: Did Your Site Recover From The Google Penguin Update?
blog comments powered by Disqus
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CMD sent two reporters to track ALEC in Oklahoma
Click here to help support our future investigations.
Alliance for Quality Nursing Home Care
From SourceWatch
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is part of the Center for Media & Democracy's spotlight on front groups and corporate spin.
The Alliance for Quality Nursing Home Care is an umbrella group founded in 2000 by fifteen for-profit members of the American Health Care Association (AHCA) that has run major print and radio campaigns to advance it is agenda.What is not obvious from the advertisements (such as the one on the right) is that the alliance represent the views of for-profit nursing care operators such as HCR Manor Care, Sun Healthcare Group, Tandem Health Care, Kindred Healthcare and Advocat Inc. Its founding members include the nation's 11 largest nursing home companies. (See below for the current membership list). The Alliance represents nursing home operators who want reduced federal regulation - and the Republicans who promise it.
Contents
2000 Political Ad Campaign
In 2000, Joel Connelly wrote in the Seattle Post-Intelligencer that the Alliance "mounted a million-dollar TV campaign that calls on viewers to contact Vice President Al Gore and tell him to 'restore' alleged cuts in the skilled-nursing care benefit in the Medicare program." The New Orleans Times-Picayune reported that Democrats called the $1 million ad campaign as "a blatantly partisan smear job engineered by an industry association that has given money to Republicans, including Gore's presidential opponent, Texas Gov. George W. Bush."[1]
The Times-Picayune reporter Bill Walsh wrote in the June 10, 2000 piece, "The Congressional Budget Office also cast doubt on industry assertions that it had fallen victim to an overzealous Clinton-Gore administration intent on balancing the budget for political gain. Congressional Budget Office officials said many factors outside the administration's control have worked to decrease rates, including lower-than-expected inflation."[2]
DeLay Indictment Connection
Indictments handed down by Texas prosecutor Ronnie Earle for former U.S. House Majority Leader Tom DeLay included "charges against eight business entities," including the Alliance, "for allegedly making illegal campaign contributions ... in the 2002 elections in which Republicans gained control of the Texas Legislature," CBS MarketWatch reported on October 4, 2005.[3]
In 2004, Earle brought charges against the Alliance, which a Boston Globe on September 29, 2005 described as "a Boston-based group that lobbies on behalf of for-profit nursing homes." The article continued, "Earle alleged that the Alliance violated the law against corporate campaign contributions by giving $ 100,000 to Texans for a Republican Majority. The Alliance has denied wrongdoing, and the case has not been resolved."[4]
Clashes with Non-Profit Interests
In September of 2005, The Alliance for Quality Nursing Home Care, "an umbrella group founded more than five years ago by for-profit members of the American Health Care Association (AHCA), is laying the groundwork to formalize its organizational structure as most, if not all, of its 15 member companies have either quit AHCA or plan to leave, according to Jim Morrell of Quinn Gillespie & Associates, who spoke on behalf of the alliance," The Hill reported on September 7, 2005.[5] At least seven of the Alliance's 15 for-profit members "have decided to end their relationship with AHCA at the national policy level but will continue to work with the organization at the state level," Inside CMS reported on September 8, 2005.[6]
The Hill article, which described the maneuvering as the "splintering of lobbying interests representing different sectors of the nursing-home industry," continued: [1]
The decisions to ramp up the operations of the alliance and to part with AHCA were motivated by "a desire to be able to put more time, energy and resources" into issues of particular concern to alliance members, [Quinn Gillespie's Jim] Morrell said. These companies, for example, depend much more heavily on Medicare payments than most nonprofit nursing homes, which mainly serve Medicaid beneficiaries.
Heretofore, the alliance has been a loose confederation of like-minded companies employing only one full-time Washington-based policy adviser and a number of high-profile hired-gun lobbyists, such as former Rep. Vic Fazio (D-Calif.), former Republican National Committee Chairman Ed Gillespie and former Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Administrator Tom Scully.
Alliance Members
PR Firms Used by the Alliance
Personnel
Contact Details
Alliance for Quality Nursing Home Care
1001 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Suite 600 South
Washington, DC 20004
Phone: (202) 742-6740
Fax: (202) 742-6501
Website: http://www.aqnhc.org/
Articles and Resources
Sources
1. Joel Connelly, "'Issue Advocates' Will Spend Lavishly - But for Whom?", Seattle Post Intelligencer, June 12, 2000, page A3.
2. Bill Walsh, "Ads Claim Gore Breaking Promise to Seniors; Nursing Home Spots Blasted As Smear Job", Times-Picayune, June 10, 2000, page Pg. A06.
3. "DeLay indicted on new charge in Texas", MarketWatch, October 4, 2005.
4. Ross Kerber, "New England Insurer Face Queries on Donations", Boston Globe, September 29, 2005.
5. "Breaking from nursing-home group, for-profit chains strengthen alliance", The Hill', September 7, 2005.
6. AHCA Replaces Daub in Effort to Stop For-Profit Nursing Home Exodus", Inside CMS, Vol. 8 No. 18, September 8, 2005.
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CMD sent two reporters to track ALEC in Oklahoma
Click here to help support our future investigations.
Duke Energy
From SourceWatch
Revision as of 12:52, 20 November 2012 by Cshearer19 (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is part of the Coal Issues portal on SourceWatch, a project of CoalSwarm and the Center for Media and Democracy. See here for help on adding material to CoalSwarm.
This article is part of the Center for Media & Democracy's focus on the fallout of nuclear "spin."
Learn more about the threat drilling for methane gas poses to fresh water.
Learn more about corporations VOTING to rewrite our laws.
Duke Energy Corporation
Type Public (NYSEDUK)
Headquarters 526 South Church St.
Charlotte, NC 28202
Area served IN, KY, NC, OH, SC
Key people James E. Rogers, CEO
Industry Electric Producer, Distributor, and Utility
Natural Gas Utility
Real Estate
Telecommunications
Products Electricity
Revenue $12.44 billion (2007)[1]
Net income $1.50 billion (2007)[1]
Employees 17,800
Divisions Duke Energy Franchised Electric & Gas
Commercial Power
International
Subsidiaries Duke Energy Carolinas
Duke Energy Ohio
Duke Energy Kentucky
Duke Energy Indiana
Duke Energy Generation Services
Duke Energy International
Crescent Resources
Duke Energy Generation Services
Duke Energy Argentina
Duke Energy Brazil
Duke Energy Peru
DukeNet Communications
Website Duke-Energy.com
Duke Energy is a major electricity generating company headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina.
Duke Energy owns and operates 36,000 MW of base-load and peak generation that it distributes to its 4 million customers. Duke Energy's service territory covers 47,000 square miles with 106,000 miles of distribution lines.[2] Almost all of Duke Energy's Midwest generation comes from coal, natural gas or oil, while half of its Carolinas generation comes from its nuclear power plants. During 2006, Duke Energy generated 148,798,332 MWh of electrical energy.
Duke Energy Generation Services (DEGS), a subsidiary of Duke Energy, specializes in the development, ownership and operation of various generation facilities throughout the United States. This segment of the company operates 6,600 MW of generation. 240 MW of wind generation are under construction and 1,500 additional MW of wind generation are in planning stages.[3]
Contents
Ties to the American Legislative Exchange Council
Duke Energy has been a corporate funder of the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), the state corporate co-chair of Indiana and South Carolina [4] and a member of ALEC's Energy, Environment and Agriculture Task Force[5]. See ALEC Corporations for more.
About ALEC
ALEC is a corporate bill mill. It is not just a lobby or a front group; it is much more powerful than that. Through ALEC, corporations hand state legislators their wishlists to benefit their bottom line. Corporations fund almost all of ALEC's operations. They pay for a seat on ALEC task forces where corporate lobbyists and special interest reps vote with elected officials to approve “model” bills. Learn more at the Center for Media and Democracy's ALECexposed.org, and check out breaking news on our PRWatch.org site.
History
The company began in 1900 as the Catawba Power Company, when Dr. Walker Gill Wylie and his brother financed the building of a hydroelectric power station at India Hook Shoals along the Catawba River. In need of additional funding to further his ambitious plan for construction of a series of hydroelectric power plants, Wylie convinced James B. Duke to invest in the Southern Power Company, founded in 1905, which later became known as Duke Power. In 1988, Nantahala Power & Light Co., which served southwestern North Carolina, was purchased by Duke and is now operated under the Duke Power - Nantahala Area brand. Duke Power merged with PanEnergy in 1997 to form Duke Energy. The Duke Power name continued as the electric utility business of Duke Energy until the Cinergy merger (Cincinnati Gas & Electric Company with Kentucky subsidiary Union Light, Heat & Power and Plainfield, Indiana-based PSI Energy).[6]
With the purchase of the Cinergy Corporation, announced in 2005 and completed on April 3, 2006, Duke Energy Corporation's customer base now includes the midwestern U.S. as well. The company operates nuclear power plants, coal-fired plants, conventional hydroelectric plants, natural-gas turbines to handle peak demand, and pumped hydro storage. During 2006, Duke Energy also acquired Chatham, Ontario-based Union Gas, which is regulated under the Ontario Energy Board Act (1998).
On January 3, 2007, Duke Energy spun off its gas business to form Spectra Energy. Duke Energy shareholders received 1 share of Spectra Energy for each 2 shares of Duke Energy. After the spin-off, Duke Energy now receives the majority of its revenue from its electric operations in portions of North Carolina, South Carolina, Kentucky, Ohio, and Indiana. The spinoff to Spectra also included Union Gas, which Duke Energy acquired the previous year.
Duke merges with Progress Energy
On January 9, 2011, Duke Energy said it agreed to buy Progress Energy for $13.7 billion in stock, creating the largest U.S. power company if it wins approval from regulators in North and South Carolina. The transaction would create an industry giant with approximately 7.1 million electricity customers in North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Indiana, Kentucky and Ohio, and 57,000 megawatts of generating capacity. State regulators have sought concessions from large power companies planning to merge, such as rate reductions.[7]
If the deal is approved by regulators, the combined companies would form the single largest utility in the United States.[8]
In hearings before the NC Utilities Commission in September, 2011, a variety of organizations objected to the merger.[9] The merger would mean "increased emissions from coal-fired generation" with an increase of 9.5 million MWH of coal-fired generation over the first five years after the merger, and would also result in the creation of a dominant procurer of renewable energy that would limit the pool of renewable energy developers, according to environmental organizations.[10]
Critics suggested requiring Duke / Progress to generate more energy from renewables, to provide more protection for the poor against future rate increases, to commit to investments in energy conservation and smart-grid technologies, to allow solar-panel owners to sell electricity directly to consumers rather than only to utilities, and to unlink electric company profits from the amount of power sold.[11] Paul Chesser of the American Tradition Institute said the criticism was nothing more than a "green shakedown." [12]
FERC and anti-trust concerns: On Sept. 30, 2011, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission found that the merger would adversely impact competition in the North Carolina energy market. The company will have until Dec. 1, 2011, to address concerns. [13] FERC said the concerns with competitiveness were especially serious in Eastern North Carolina. [14]
The merger went into effect on July 2, 2012. Progress CEO Bill Johnson assumed the CEO position at the combined company, signing a three-year contract. One day later, on July 3, Johnson resigned. Regardless, Johnson will receive exit payments worth as much as $44.4 million, according to Duke regulatory filings. Johnson’s replacement is former Duke CEO Jim Rogers.[15]
Negative tax rate
A 2011 analysis by Citizens for Tax Justice and the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy, "Corporate Taxpayers & Corporate Tax Dodgers: 2008-10" found dozens of companies, including fossil fuels, used tax breaks and various tax dodging methods to have a negative tax balance between 2008 and 2010, while making billions in profits. The study found 32 companies in the fossil-fuel industry -- such as Peabody Energy, ConEd, and PG&E -- transformed a tax responsibility of $17.3 billion on $49.4 billion in pretax profits into a tax benefit of $6.5 billion, for a net gain of $24 billion.[16]
The companies that paid no tax for at least one year between 2008 and 2010 are the utilities Ameren, American Electric Power, CenterPoint Energy, CMS Energy, Consolidated Edison, DTE Energy, Duke Energy, Entergy, FirstEnergy, Integrys, NextEra Energy, NiSource, Pepco, PG&E, PPL, Progress Energy, Sempra Energy, Wisconsin Energy and Xcel Energy.[17]
In December 2011, the organization Public Campaign published a report called "For Hire: Lobbyists or the 99%?" on corporations that have paid more on lobbying than on federal taxes. Duke ranked tenth (see chart), reporting nearly $5.5 billion in U.S. profits from 2008 to 2010, and collecting $216 million from the U.S Treasury (tax rate of -3.9%) while spending over $17 million on lobbying,[18] with its tax subsidies aided by the company's 27 overseas tax havens.[19]
Congressional Campaign Contributions
Duke Energy is one of the largest contributors to both Republican and Democratic candidates for Congress. These contributions total $392,600 to the 110th US Congress (as of the third quarter), the largest of which has been to Sen. George Voinovich (R-OH) for $28,000. Senator Voinovich, for his part, has consistently voted with the coal industry on energy bills.[1]
Contributions like this from from fossil fuel companies to members of Congress are often seen as a political barrier to pursuing clean energy.[2]
More information on coal industry contributions to Congress can be found at FollowtheCoalMoney.org, a project sponsored by the nonpartisan, nonprofit Oil Change International and Appalachian Voices.
Duke Indiana hires state regulators
In September 2010, Duke Energy Indiana hired as assistant general counsel Scott Storms, the General Counsel and Chief Administrative Law Judge at the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission (IURC), raising questions about the revolving door relationship between regulators and utilities.[20] Storms served as General Counsel to the state Commission that regulates Duke and other Indiana utilities, and was the presiding Judge over most hearings regarding the controversial Edwardsport Plant, a $2.35 billion Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle coal plant currently under construction, which is projected to raise customer rates an average 19 percent rate by 2013.[21] Storms signed many of the IURC’s decisions related to Edwardsport – the last as recent as July 23, 2010. Citizens Action Coalition noted that this violates the Indiana Ethics Commission's direction for State employees, which states on its website: “[If] you work for the Utility Regulatory Commission making regulatory decisions concerning a public utility company, you may not work for this utility company for a year.”[22]
The current Chairman of the IURC, David Lott Hardy, also worked for one of Duke’s predecessor companies, PSI Energy, several years ago.[23]
IURC Chair Hardy dismissed, Duke CEO Reed put on leave, and Duke rate hike denied
In October 2010, Duke placed Mike Reed, president and CEO of its Indiana operations, on administrative leave in the wake of a state investigation into the company that resulted in the dismissal of the chairman of the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission (IURC) David Lott Hardy. Early that month, Gov. Mitch Daniels fired IURC chief Hardy for allowing IURC agency official Scott Storms to continue presiding over the Edwardsport Duke Energy case even after talking with Duke about a job opportunity.[24]
The firing of Hardy followed the departure to Duke’s Plainfield office of Scott Storms, who had been administrative law judge for the IURC and presided over a handful of cases involving Duke, including matters involving cost overruns at Duke’s Edwardsport generating plant. Duke said it was also putting Storms on administrative leave from his position in Duke’s legal-regulatory department, “pending the completion of a full evaluation.”[24]
Daniels has directed that administrative opinions over which Storms presided will be reopened and reviewed by the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission “to ensure no undue influence was exerted in the decisions.” Daniels also directed that a one-year cooling off period for decision makers is to be considered for those at the administrative law judge level. The administration said it has referred the matter to the inspector general to determine if any laws were broken or whether misinformation was presented to the Ethics Commission.[24] In October 2011, the commission dismissed Duke's rate hike request for power grid upgrades, citing the fact that Storms presided over the original case before accepting employment with Duke.[25]
Construction of Duke's Edwardsport Plant, a project that Storms had overseen from the beginning, also loomed, as construction costs have increased from $2 billion to more than $3 billion. State regulators are scheduled to begin hearings in late October 2011 on whether Duke Energy or Indiana ratepayers will cover the more than $1 billion in cost overruns. The state ruled that Storms violated Indiana ethics laws. The ethics commission fined Storms and stripped him of his law license. Storms has since appealed the rulings.[26]
E-mails raise ethics questions over Duke executives and Indiana regulators
In late November 2010 it was discovered that James L. Turner, the second-highest-paid executive at Duke Energy Corp., kept in regular touch with Indiana regulators. In dozens of e-mails, obtained by The Indianapolis Star under an open records request, the Turner and David Lott Hardy, then chairman of the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission, discussed many personal topics, sometimes trading messages eight or 10 times a day. Turner and Hardy also frequently discussed Storms and Reed, as those two went through job interviews and were hired away from the IURC by Duke earlier that year. Hardy wanted constant reports on the hiring process: "How real is the interest in Mike (Reed)? I think it's a marriage made in heaven. Is this decision yours and I don't need to sell Jim [Rogers, CEO of Duke], or is his buy-in pivotal?" The Indianapolis Star wrote that the emails "show that the friendly relationship between Duke and Indiana regulators, which resulted in the firing of Duke's Indiana president, Mike Reed, in an ethics scandal earlier this month, extended all the way to Duke's headquarters in North Carolina" and that "the e-mails raise questions about whether Turner had special access to Hardy that was unavailable to utility customers, grass-roots groups and everyday citizens in matters of rate increases and electricity regulation."[27]
On December 6, 2010, James Turner resigned.[28] Turner will leave the company with a farewell package worth more than $12 million, which includes his pension, bonuses and deferred compensation worth more than $8.5 million. In return, Turner has agreed not to work for a competitor for two years and not to solicit business from Duke customers or entice other Duke employees to leave.
January 2011: Former Duke CEO to be questioned by community groups
On Dec. 21, 2010, The Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission signed an order that compels former Duke executive James Turner to appear at a deposition in Indianapolis for questioning by the Citizens Action Coalition of Indiana, the Sierra Club, Save the Valley and Valley Watch. The groups will get to question James Turner in early 2011 about his role in the company's decision to hire away several state employees in possible violation of Indiana ethics laws, as well as about the company's $2.9 billion coal-gasification plant in Edwardsport, which they call a boondoggle. The groups want to use the information to help build a case that Duke Energy used undue influence in getting the state to approve the Edwardsport plant and its cost overruns, much of which will be passed along to consumers. The groups want to halt construction at the plant, which is more than halfway completed, and have Duke foot much of the bill on the grounds that the company has concealed information and mismanaged the project. In mid-December, Duke agreed to reopen negotiations on the plant's latest round of cost overruns, worth about $500 million.[29]
CEO compensation
In May 2007, Forbes listed Duke Energy CEO Jim Rogers as receiving $10.2 million in total compensation for the latest fiscal year. He ranked 10th on the list of CEOs in the Utilities industry, and 174th out of all CEOs in the United States.[30]
Switching sides on global warming
The company, previously called Duke Power, was a member of the Global Climate Coalition, a now-defunct industry group that fought plants to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. [3]
In January 2007, Duke Energy was one of 10 major companies to form the U.S. Climate Action Partnership, an industry group that called on U.S. President Bush to "to fight global warming by limiting greenhouse gases, funding research into renewable energy and creating a market for carbon dioxide emissions." [4]
Duke's role in the group was widely seen as visionary and/or selfless despite the fact that it proposed to construct two new coal-fired power plants in its service territory (Cliffside and Edwardsport). "About half of Duke's electricity comes from coal-fired power plants, which release more carbon dioxide than those burning natural gas," noted the San Francisco Chronicle. [5] Duke also remains a member in the U.S. Chamber of Commerce - a group that vehemently opposes climate legislation.
CEO Jim Rogers suggests Duke moving away from coal
In May 2009, Jim Rogers told reporters that that Duke was likely building its last two coal plants, until and unless carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology becomes commercially available. Rogers said he would instead focus on nuclear power generation. He said nuclear power presents less of a waste disposal problem than coal plants, because a smaller area is required for waste storage, and because CCS will require a system to transport CO2 gas long distances.[31]
One of key trends being considered in a joint Duke - Rocky Mountains Institute project on the company's business scenarios is "whether key technological developments, such as carbon capture and sequestration, develop or not".[32]
Duke Energy and Alstom Power leave ACCCE over climate change legislation
In September 2009, both Duke Energy and Alstom Power, a French company that makes parts for power plants, announced they were resigning from the industry group American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity. Both companies cited concerns about alliance's opposition of the Waxman-Markey Climate Bill, which is attempting to cap greenhouse gas emissions. Tim Brown, a spokesman for Alstom, said the company wanted to remove any doubt about its full support for the legislation.[33][34]
Duke Energy still works with representatives of ACCCE within the American Legislative Exchange Council's Energy, Environment and Agriculture Task Force.[35]
Duke Energy and the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC)
According to the Charlotte Business Journal, Duke Energy has given ALEC $116,000 since 2009 for its meetings, including a $50,000 grant for ALEC's spring 2012 meeting in Charlotte, NC where Duke is headquartered. Duke claims that it doesn't support ALEC's attacks on climate change legislation and renewable energy standards.[36] Duke and Progress Energy are members of ALEC's Energy, Environment and Agriculture Task Force where model state laws are created to attack Environmental Protection Agency clean air and water regulations, end state partnerships to reduce global warming emissions, create fracking chemical disclosure loopholes, and other laws that benefit companies like Duke, ExxonMobil, Koch Industries, Peabody Energy and others who have ALEC membership.[37]
Duke also helps ALEC State Chairmen in South Carolina and Indiana oversee ALEC activity in those states, primarily for fundraising and ALEC recruitment, according to ALEC's bylaws. [38] Working alongside ALEC state chairmen Rep. David Wolkins and Sen. Jim Buck in Indiana is Julie Griffith, Duke's Vice President of Government Affairs. In South Carolina, Duke's SC Regional Director Chuck Claunch and Progress Energy's Jeanelle McCain serve as private sector co-chairs with ALEC State Chairmen Rep. Liston Barfield and Sen. Thomas Alexander.[35]
Workforce cuts
Almost 900 Duke employees took a buyout offer made by the company in early 2010, reducing Duke's workforce by almost five percent.[39] The offer was made to Duke's 8,700 non-union workers, who represent about forty-seven percent of the company's 18,700 person workforce.[39] The cuts have come from workers in the five states that Duke has operations.[39]
In 2006, Duke cut 1,500 jobs after a merger with Cinergy Corporation.[40] Utility companies Dominion Resources and Duke Energy made similar cuts in 2010.[41]
Power portfolio
Out of its total 43,761 MW of electric generating capacity in 2005 (4.10% of the U.S. total), Duke produces 42.5% from coal, 32.4% from natural gas, 17.2% from nuclear, 6.5% from hydroelectricity, and 1.3% from oil. Duke owns power plants in Arkansas, Arizona, California, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia.[42]
Decreasing power demand
In November 2008, Duke announced plans to roll back on new power generation because of a decline in demand. The company will delay the construction of two gas-fired power plants in North Carolina and postpone the approval process for the a nuclear plant in South Carolina. The changes were announced along with a 65% decline in third quarter earnings and are expected to reduce capital costs by $200 million this year. The cost-cutting moves did not include any changes to Duke's heavily-opposed coal plant proposals.[43]
In September 2010, Duke proposed closing seven coal-powered units due to new EPA regulations. But the utility continued to plan for a new nuclear plant, its first since the mid-1980s, to open in Gaffney, S.C., in about 2020. Duke is also building two gas-fired power plants, to open at Buck in late 2011 and at Dan River in late 2012.[44]
Existing coal-fired power plants
Duke had 70 coal-fired generating stations in 2005, with 18,591 MW of capacity. Here is a list of Duke's coal power plants with capacity over 100 MW:[42][45][46]
Plant Name State County Year(s) Built Capacity 2007 CO2 Emissions 2006 SO2 Emissions
Gibson IN Gibson 1975, 1976, 1978, 1979, 1982 3340 MW 20,400,000 tons 155,057 tons
Belews Creek NC Stokes 1974, 1975 2160 MW 13,600,000 tons 95,290 tons
Marshall NC Catawba 1965, 1966, 1969, 1970 1996 MW 12,600,000 tons 85,050 tons
W.H. Zimmer OH Clermont 1991 1426 MW 8,597,000 tons 22,054 tons
Miami Fort OH Hamilton 1949, 1960, 1975, 1978 1378 MW 7,546,000 tons 62,028 tons
Beckjord OH Clermont 1952, 1953, 1954, 1958, 1962, 1969 1221 MW 6,330,000 tons 62,480 tons
Wabash River IN Vigo 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1968, 1995 1165 MW 4,738,000 tons 58,793 tons
G.G. Allen NC Gaston 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961 1155 MW 5,864,000 tons 45,395 tons
Cayuga IN Vermillion 1970, 1972 1062 MW 6,914,000 tons 86,174 tons
Cliffside NC Cleveland 1940, 1948, 1972 781 MW 3,591,000 tons 28,878 tons
East Bend KY Boone 1981 669 MW 4,332,000 tons 3,947 tons
Gallagher IN Floyd 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961 600 MW 3,383,000 tons 50,819 tons
Riverbend NC Gaston 1952, 1954 466 MW 1,676,000 tons 16,481 tons
Buck NC Rowan 1941, 1942, 1953 370 MW 1,626,000 tons 12,054 tons
W.S. Lee SC Anderson 1951, 1958 355 MW 1,151,000 tons 10,256 tons
Dan River NC Rockingham 1949, 1950, 1955 290 MW 827,000 tons 7,882 tons
Edwardsport IN Knox 1949, 1951 109 MW 680,000 tons 8,281 tons
In 2006, Duke's 17 major coal-fired power plants emitted 103.8 million tons of CO2 (1.7% of all U.S. CO2 emissions) and 811,000 tons of SO2 (5.4% of all U.S. SO2 emissions).
In 2006, Duke's Gallagher plant emitted more tons of SO2 per MWh than any other major power plant in the country; Wabash River ranked 6th in tons of SO2 per MWh, and Cayuga ranked 8th.[45]
Duke Energy's Gallagher Generating Station and Environmental Justice
Resident and Nurse Rhoda Temple Morton's father worked at the Gallagher plant and died of cancer
Duke Energy's Gallagher Generating Station is located in the town of New Albany, across the river from Louisville, Kentucky. The majority of the African American population living within a 3 mile radius of the power plant are in an income bracket which is substantially lower than the rest of the community, raising issues around environmental justice and coal. Gallagher is among over 100 coal plants near residential areas.[47]
Proposed coal unit closures
A 2011 report by NC Warn, "New Nuclear Power is Ruining Climate Protection Efforts and Harming Customers", argues that while Duke says it is moving to lower its use of coal, it is actually substituting a new 835 megawatt (MW) Cliffside Plant for 18 rarely used units with capacity totaling 1,600 MW. Twelve of those units are under 100 MW in capacity; four units were not used at all in the year ending May 31, 2011.[48]
Edwardsport
Duke Energy closed the Edwardsport Generating Station (existing) in spring 2010, and will begin demolishing the structure by October 2011. Company spokesman Lew Middleton said Duke will turn the site of the old plant in a storage area for burned coal, or slag, produced by Duke's new coal-gasification plant - the Edwardsport Plant - planned for Fall 2012.[49]
Riverbend, Buck Steam, Lee Steam, Cliffside and Dan River
In September 2010, Duke Energy said it might close seven coal-fired units at its Carolinas power plants within five years as environmental regulations intensify. It may retire by 2015 all coal-fired units for which it's not economical to install sulfur dioxide controls called scrubbers. That would increase by 890 megawatts the coal plants Duke had planned to retire in 2009. The retired units would be at Duke's Riverbend Steam Station in Gaston County, Buck Steam Station in Rowan County, and Lee Steam Plant in Anderson County, S.C. Duke said it might convert Lee from coal to natural gas fuel.[44]
Duke has already agreed to retire 800 megawatts of older coal units as part of an N.C. permit to build a new 825-megawatt unit under construction at the Cliffside Plant in Rutherford County. That will shutter four old units at Cliffside, two at Buck, three at Dan River Steam Station, and two at Riverbend.[44]
Duke's projections show the amount of its electricity generated with coal falling from 42 percent in 2011 to 29 percent in 2030. The share from nuclear power, in contrast, stays steady at 51 percent. The utility continues to plan for a new nuclear plant, its first since the mid-1980s, to open in Gaffney, S.C., in about 2020. Duke is also building two gas-fired power plants, to open at Buck in late 2011 and at Dan River in late 2012.[44]
Gallagher station
Under a plan submitted to the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission on May 24, 2011, Duke Energy said it plans to shut down two coal-burning units at its Gallagher Generating Station and purchase a share of the Cayuga Generating Station in Indiana to make up the difference. The plan is being considered as a potential settlement option in a more than a decade-old lawsuit the company has with the EPA. Duke had been exploring the idea of converting two of the Gallagher burners to natural gas via running a gas pipeline from Kentucky. But the gas pipeline would cost $71 million, while Duke would pay $68 million for its share of the Vermillion Plant, owned by both Duke Ohio — an unregulated subsidiary of Duke Energy — and Wabash Valley Power Association. Duke Energy would own 62.5 percent of that plant and Wabash would own the remainder.
The lawsuit that initiated the filing relates to air quality: the EPA alleges Cinergy — which merged with Duke Energy in 2006 — undertook six power-plant upgrades that added new coal burners in Indiana and Ohio without obtaining new permits as required by New Source Review provisions. Both the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission will have to approve either option before Duke moves ahead.[50]
Beckjord Generating Station
On July 15, 2011, Duke said it expects to retire all six coal-fired generation units at its Beckjord Generating Station in Ohio by Jan. 1, 2015, due to the proposed Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s Utility Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) rule, which will be finalised in November 2011, and will require coal-fired plants to reduce emissions of particular toxic air pollutants. The company said it plans to meet demand by buying electricity on the competitive wholesale market or by constructing or acquiring natural gas-fired combined-cycle generating assets.[51]
Wabash River Generating Station
On May 29, 2009, U.S. District Judge Larry J. McKinney ordered Duke Energy to shut down three units of the Wabash River Generating Station for violations of the federal Clean Air Act. In 2008, a jury found that Duke-owned Cinergy had modified the facilities without installing best-available pollution control technology. The units, which supply 39 percent of the station's power, were slated to be taken off line in 2012.[52] An appeals court overturned that order in 2010, allowing Duke Energy to restart the units.[53]
In Sep. 2011, Duke Energy said it is considering shutting down several of the six units at Wabash River Station, in expectation of impending coal regulations.[53]
Coal Projects Sponsored by Duke Energy
Cliffside
Duke used half of its $4.8 billion ratepayer-funded "modernization" program in North Carolina (approved in 2009) to add a new 800MW coal-fired unit at its Cliffside coal station.[54]
Edwardsport
In July 2009, Duke filed a proposal for a carbon dioxide storage project with the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission. Duke would invest over $120 million to store a portion of the CO2 emissions from its proposed Edwardsport Plant in Knox County, Indiana. The three-year project would attempt to store emissions in saline aquifers and in depleted oil and gas fields.
The experiment would result in an average 1 percent rate increase for customers between 2010 and 2013. The company is also applying for a federal grant to cover about half of the project's costs. If the project is successful, Duke will apply to capture and store the emissions on a permanent basis.[55]
Emissions
Carbon dioxide
Duke Energy accounted for 3.4% of all US electricity sector carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in 2011.[56]
Sulfur dioxide
Duke’s sulfur dioxide emissions, when considering plant fuel efficiency, were 30% above the national average in 2011.[57]
Death and disease attributable to fine particle pollution from Duke Energy coal plants
In 2010, Abt Associates issued a study commissioned by the Clean Air Task Force, a nonprofit research and advocacy organization, quantifying the deaths and other health effects attributable to fine particle pollution from coal-fired power plants.[58] Fine particle pollution consists of a complex mixture of soot, heavy metals, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. Among these particles, the most dangerous are those less than 2.5 microns in diameter, which are so tiny that they can evade the lung's natural defenses, enter the bloodstream, and be transported to vital organs. Impacts are especially severe among the elderly, children, and those with respiratory disease. The study found that over 13,000 deaths and tens of thousands of cases of chronic bronchitis, acute bronchitis, asthma, congestive heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, dysrhythmia, ischemic heart disease, chronic lung disease, and pneumonia each year are attributable to fine particle pollution from U.S. coal plant emissions. These deaths and illnesses are major examples of coal's external costs, i.e. uncompensated harms inflicted upon the public at large. Low-income and minority populations are disproportionately impacted as well, due to the tendency of companies to avoid locating power plants upwind of affluent communities. To monetize the health impact of fine particle pollution from each coal plant, Abt assigned a value of $7,300,000 to each 2010 mortality, based on a range of government and private studies. Valuations of illnesses ranged from $52 for an asthma episode to $440,000 for a case of chronic bronchitis.[59]
Table 1: Death and disease attributable to fine particle pollution from Duke coal plants
Type of Impact Annual Incidence Valuation
Deaths 951 $6.94 billion
Heart attacks 1,447 $158.1 million
Asthma attacks 15,714 $817.1 million
Hospital admissions 696 $16.2 million
Chronic bronchitis 579 $257.2 million
Asthma ER visits 912 $0.33 million
Source: "Health Impacts - annual - of Existing Plants," Clean Air Task Force Excel worksheet, available under "Data Annex" at "Death and Disease from Power Plants," Clean Air Task Force. Note: This data includes the following plants owned by Duke Energy and subsidiaries Cincinnati Gas & Electric and PSI Energy: Beckjord, Miami Fort, East Bend, W.H. Zimmer, G.G. Allen; Buck, Cliffside, Dan River, Riverbend, W.S. Lee, Marshall, Belews Creek, Gibson, Wabash River, Cayuga, and Gallagher.
Citizen action
The two polar bears, immediately after their arrest for blockading the Duke Energy headquarters in Charlotte, NC, on Nov. 15, 2007.
Nov. 15, 2007: Student blockade of Duke Energy headquarters
On November 15, 2007, two Warren Wilson College students - dressed as polar bears - chained themselves to the door of Duke Energy's headquarters in Charlotte, North Carolina, in protest of Duke's plans to build the Cliffside coal-fired power plant in western North Carolina. Several dozen people held a rally in support of their blockade, dressing as Santa Claus and elves and presenting a stocking full of coal to the company. The two students were arrested on charges of trespassing and disorderly conduct.[60][61]
April 1, 2008: Rising Tide/Earth First! occupation of Cliffside construction site
On April 1, 2008, as part of the Fossil Fools International Day of Action, a group of North Carolina activists with Rising Tide and Earth First! locked themselves to bulldozers to prevent the construction of the Cliffside coal-fired power plant proposed by Duke in western North Carolina. Others roped off the site with "Global Warming Crime Scene" tape, and held banners protesting the construction of the plant. Police used pain compliance holds and tasers to force the activists to unlock themselves from the construction equipment. Eight people were arrested.[62][63]
April 20, 2009: Hundreds protest in Charlotte, N.C. against Duke's proposed Cliffside plant
Hundreds of people marched and rallied against Cliffside in Charlotte, N.C. The demonstration was organized by more than a dozen environmental, faith-based, and social justice groups, which are calling on Duke and the state of North Carolina to cancel construction of the Cliffside plant. The plant, if built, would release 6 million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere each year, and would use coal extracted through mountaintop removal. 44 activists were arrested.[64]
To see video of this protest, see Stop Cliffside
May 7, 2009: Activists protest Cliffside Plant at Duke Energy shareholder meeting in Charlotte, NC
Activists dominated Duke Energy's annual shareholder meeting in Charlotte, NC. About 25 protesters gathered outside the company's headquarters, calling for Duke to cancel its proposed Cliffside Plant. Inside the meeting, activists who own shares of the company grilled CEO Jim Rogers about the company's coal and nuclear investments.[65]
November 30, 2009: Activists block delivery of generator to Cliffside coal plant in Greenville, SC
Two protesters locked themselves to a 1.5 million pound generator being delivered to the Cliffside Plant in North Carolina. The activists vowed to prevent the generator from reaching the plant. Protesters also displayed a large banner reading "Stop Cliffside" from the top of the generator. More than 20 activists attended the protest; four were arrested. The action was organized by Asheville Rising Tide and Croatan Earth First! as part of a national day of action with dozens of protests planned around the U.S.[66]
May 5, 2011: Duke Energy shareholder meeting faces protests in Charlotte, NC
About 50 demonstrators from N.C. Waste Awareness and Reduction Network protested Duke Energy continued use of mountaintop removal coal at the company's shareholders meeting. The protests included street theater of a state "legislator" taking money from utility customers in chains. Another group of conservative protesters waved "Fire Jim Rogers" signs in opposition to the Duke CEO's attempt to bring the Democratic National Convention to Charlotte in 2012. Rogers later said that Duke had also tried to bring Republican conventions to the city.[67]
June 28, 2011: NC WARN warns of Duke's nuclear plans
North Carolina Waste Awareness and Reduction Network says the public is paying the price to advance an under-regulated industry that impedes other more efficient energy sources. [68]
Aug 12, 2011: EDF, N.C. sustainable energy biomass appeal
A state court ruled against the Environmental Defense Fund and the NC Sustainable Energy Association in appealing Duke's use of whole trees as "biomass" energy. The groups said that harvesting whole trees for fuel, instead of wood scraps and logging debris, would lead to environmentally damaging clear cutting. [69]
May 3, 2012: Activists block shipment of mountaintop removal coal
Activists block tracks bringing mountaintop removal coal to Marshall Steam Plant.
Activists "brand" coal trains bound for Marshall plant with Apple logo.
On May 3, activists protested mountaintop removal mining by locking themselves to train tracks, preventing coal train loads from entering Duke Energy's Marshall coal plant in North Carolina. The activists, affiliated with RAMPS, Katuah Earth First!, Greenpeace and Mountain Keepers said they would not leave until Duke agreed to end its use of mountaintop removal coal operations. The power burned in Marshall is used to power Apple's iCloud data center.[70]
Coal waste
EPA releases list of 44 "high hazard" coal ash dumps
In response to demands from environmentalists as well as Senator Barbara Boxer (D-California), chair of the Senate Committee on the Environment and Public Works, the EPA made public a list of 44 "high hazard potential" coal waste dumps. The rating applies to sites at which a dam failure would most likely cause loss of human life, but does not include an assessment of the likelihood of such an event. Duke owns 10 of the sites, all of which are located in North Carolina.[71]
The following table is derived from EPA's official list of Coal Combustion Residue (CCR) Surface Impoundments with High Hazard Potential Ratings. To see the full list of sites, see Coal waste.[72]
Facility Name Unit Name Location
G.G. Allen Steam Plant Active Ash Pond Belmont, NC
Belews Creek Steam Station Active Ash Pond Walnut Cove, NC
Buck Steam Station New Primary Pond Spencer, NC
Buck Steam Station Secondary Pond Spencer, NC
Buck Steam Station Primary Pond Spencer, NC
Dan River Steam Station Secondary Pond Eden, NC
Dan River Steam Station Primary Pond Eden, NC
Marshall Steam Station Active Ash Pond Terrell, NC
Riverbend Steam Station Secondary Pond Mount Holly, NC
Riverbend Steam Station Primary Pond Mount Holly, NC
Study shows Duke's N.C. coal ash ponds are contaminating groundwater
In October 2009, Appalachian Voices released an analysis of monitoring data from coal waste ponds at 13 coal plants in North Carolina. The study revealed that all of them are contaminating ground water with toxic pollutants, in some cases with over 350 times the allowable levels according to state standards. The contaminants include the toxic metals arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and lead, which can cause cancer and neurological disorders. The study was based on data submitted by Duke and Progress Energy to state regulators. The North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources is attempting to confirm the results before determining whether current state law can mandate corrective action.[73]
"High Hazard" Surface Impoundments at Duke Dan River waste sites
Two of Duke's Dan River Steam Station's coal ash surface impoundments - Dan River Steam Station Primary Pond and Dan River Steam Station Secondary Pond - are on the EPA's official June 2009 list of Coal Combustion Residue (CCR) Surface Impoundments with High Hazard Potential Ratings. The rating applies to sites at which a dam failure would most likely cause loss of human life, but does not assess of the likelihood of such an event.[74]
Coal Ash Waste and Water Contamination at Dan River
In August 2010 a study released by the Environmental Integrity Project, the Sierra Club and Earthjustice reported that North Carolina, along with 34 states, had significant groundwater contamination from coal ash that is not currently regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The report, in an attempt to pressure the EPA to regulate coal ash, noted that most states do not monitor drinking water contamination levels near waste disposal sites.[75] The report mentioned Duke's Dan River Steam Station as having groundwater contamination due to coal ash waste.[76]
Study finds dangerous level of hexavalent chromium at Dan River coal waste site
A report released by EarthJustice and the Sierra Club in early February 2011 stated that there are many health threats associated with a toxic cancer-causing chemical found in coal ash waste called hexavalent chromium. The report specifically cited 29 sites in 17 states where the contamination was found. The information was gathered from existing EPA data on coal ash and included locations in Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Minnesota, Massachusetts, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nevada, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virgina and Wisconsin. In North Carolina, the Dan River Steam Station in Eden, the Asheville Plant in Asheville and the Cape Fear Steam Plant in Montcure all were reported as having high levels of chromium seeping into groundwater.[77]
According to the report, hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) was reported at the Dan River unlined landfill and pond coal waste site above 61 ppb (parts per billion) - 3,050 times the proposed California drinking water goals and 22% above the North Carolina drinking water standard.[77]
As a press release about the report read:
Hexavalent chromium first made headlines after Erin Brockovich sued Pacific Gas & Electric because of poisoned drinking water from hexavalent chromium. Now new information indicates that the chemical has readily leaked from coal ash sites across the U.S. This is likely the tip of the iceberg because most coal ash dump sites are not adequately monitored.[78]
According to the report, the electric power industry is the leading source of chromium and chromium compounds released into the environment, representing 24 percent of releases by all industries in 2009.[77]
Groups report coal waste leaks at Allen and Riverbend
In November 2012 the Catawba Riverkeeper Foundation informed state and federal environmental regulators they discovered four seepage points from coal ash ponds, one from Duke's Allen Steam Station into Lake Wylie and three into Mountain Island Lake from Duke's Riverbend Steam Station. Lake Wylie provides drinking water for York County and Belmont, while Mountain Island Lake provides drinking water for Mecklenburg County.[79]
Rate Hikes
Duke proposes rate increases to cover higher cost of coal
In March 2009, Duke Energy Carolinas proposed a 5 percent increase on its power charges in North Carolina, to compensate the company for higher coal prices. The fuel-charge increase is separate from an upcoming Duke proposal for a general rate hike. The company estimates that the average customer bill would increase from approximately $87 per month to about $91 per month. Similar increases will be proposed in South Carolina in summer 2009.[80]
Duke proposes rate increases to cover costs of expanding Cliffside plant
In September 2009, the North Carolina Utilities Commission held a public hearing on Duke's proposed rate increase of 12.6 percent for its North Carolina customers. Duke says the increases are necessary to recoup $4.8 billion in capital spending, which includes the amount spent to date on the Cliffside expansion. The utility commission's Public Staff, which represents utility customers, is opposed to the increase, describing it as unjustified. About two dozen people spoke at the hearing, most of whom were residents opposed to the rate hike and to the new Cliffside plant. The commission is scheduled to begin hearing expert testimony on Duke's rate hike request ion October 19.[81]
On July 1, 2011, Duke proposed a 15 percent rate increase, to go into effect in February of 2011, to cover costs of the Cliffside coal-fired power plant in North Carolina, along with a new natural gas-fired power plant at the Buck facility in Rowan County, North Carolina, and a new hydroelectric powerhouse at the Bridgewater facility in Burke County, North Carolina. [82] [83] Public hearings on the rate hike on October 12 filled a Charlotte NC hearing room. Many people protested the impact of higher rates, while others insisted that Duke wants more money for the wrong reasons: to build nuclear power plants and continue burning fossil fuels. [84] Greenpeace, Rainforest Action Network, Carolinas Clean Air Coalition, and NC WARN were among organizations with Charlotte chapters that were active in preparing for the hearing.[85]
Duke Ohio to switch from regulated utility rates to market rates by 2012
In November 2010, Duke Energy applied to convert its regulated utility rates to market rates in stages starting in 2012, with fully market-based rates by the middle of 2014. As part of that proposal, Duke planned to transfer all its Ohio power plants out of the utility into an unregulated affiliate. The move is designed to compete with Ohio's mix of regulated and unregulated power producers. Ohio does not require departing customers from regulated companies to pay any fee for transferring, as do many states, to compensate regulated utilities for power plants they built on the expectation of continued demand.[86]
Rate hikes driven by rising fuel costs
An analysis by the NC Sustainable Energy Association shows that residential electricity rate increases proposed by Duke Energy and Progress Energy, and/or approved by the NC Utilities Commission over the past decade, were driven by rising fuel costs for conventional power generation rather than by investments in and purchase of renewable energy and energy efficiency. [87]
Environmental Record
Coal ash
In October 2012 four environmental groups asked North Carolina’s Environmental Management Commission for a ruling to make Duke Energy clean up groundwater contamination found near the company's coal ash ponds at 14 coal-fired power plants. The power plants include Duke’s Riverbend and Allen plants on the Catawba River west of Charlotte, and its Marshall plant on Lake Norman. State officials say contamination has been found at all 14 plants, and that they are working to trace its sources.[88]
Power lines
In August 2010, Duke Energy hired a contractor to spray herbicide to protect its power lines along the the Shopton Road intersection out of Charlotte on N.C. 49, leading to stunted, dead pine trees. Duke Energy spokesman Jason Walls said the company performs regular maintenance on all of its rights of way to ensure quality electrical service. The company used herbicides on the N.C. 49 pines: "Those trees have been maintained as part of our vegetation maintenance - this is part of routine maintenance," he said.[89]
Gallagher Generating Station
On December 22, 2009, the EPA announced the agency had reached a settlement with Duke Energy for New Source Review (NSR) violations of the Clean Air Act at Duke’s Gallagher Generating Station. A jury had found Duke liable for NSR violations at the plant, and the settlement obviated the need for a remedy trial, which had been scheduled for early 2010.
The settlement requires Duke Energy to repower Units 1 and 3 at Gallagher with natural gas or shut them down, and to install scrubbers at Units 2 and 4, reducing sulfur dioxide emissions 86 percent when compared to 2008 emissions. Duke will also pay a $1.75 million penalty and spend $6.25 million on various environmental mitigation projects.[90]
Duke ordered to shut down three coal-fired units in Indiana
On May 29, 2009, U.S. District Judge Larry J. McKinney ordered Duke to shut down three units of the Wabash River Generating Station in Indiana for violations of the federal Clean Air Act. In 2008, a jury found that Duke-owned Cinergy had modified the facilities without installing best-available pollution control technology. In his ruling, Judge McKinney cited increased sulfur dioxide emissions from the units and gave a deadline of September 30, 2009 for closing them. Duke's Chief Legal Officer Marc Manly said the company was disappointed with the court's decision to "accelerate the shutdown." The units, which supply 39 percent of the station's power, were slated to be taken off line in 2012.[91]
Clean Air Act
In 1999 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency commenced an enforcement action against Duke Energy for failure to comply with the Clean Air Act. Duke asserted that EPA regulations under the law were arbitrarily changed over the course of 25 years. Environmental groups asserted that Duke was using loopholes in the law to increase emissions. Initially, Duke prevailed at the trial court level, but in 2006 the case was argued before the U.S. Supreme Court (Environmental Defense v. Duke Energy Corp. (05-848)). The Court unanimously ruled on April 2, 2007, against Duke Energy and in favor of the environmental groups.[92]
Duke's nuclear stations
Duke Energy operates seven nuclear power stations. Three of these are at the Oconee Nuclear Station in Oconee County, South Carolina and two each at Catawba Nuclear Station in York County, South Carolina and McGuire Nuclear Station in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. [93]
The company is a member of the NuStart Consortium, which aims to obtain one of the new ‘streamlined’ combined Construction and Operating License (COL) for two selected reactor technologies.
Duke Energy is also a member of the Nuclear Energy Institute and the World Nuclear Association.
MOX Enthusiasts
In March 1999, a consortium of companies led by Duke Engineering & Services (a former business unit of Duke Energy), COGEMA and Stone & Webster (DCS) entered into a contract with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to fabricate mixed oxide (MOX) fuel using plutonium from surplus weapons and then to use that fuel in commercial nuclear power plants. The consortium will design, construct and operate a MOX fuel fabrication facility at the DOE Savannah River Site. Duke Energy will use the fuel at McGuire and Catawba nuclear stations beginning around 2011 or later. [94]
Duke Engineering & Services was sold to Framatome ANP, in January 2002. [95] However, Duke Energy continued with the plan to use MoX in its reactors. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) granted permission for the use of MOX fuel at Catawba Nuclear Station, after a two-year review process, in March 2005. [96]
In September 2004, 140 kilograms of weapons-grade plutonium oxide (powder) were shipped via Charleston, South Carolina, to France for fabrication into MOX, where it was met by a storm of protest. The plutonium arrived back, as MOX, at Charleston on April 12, 2005, after an 4000 mile round trip. The French state company Areva fabricated the plutonium into MOX. Greenpeace said the shipment flies in the face of global efforts to curb the nuclear threat. The testing was a prelude to the start up of a large-scale plutonium fuel program in the United States.
New Reactors
Duke Power has selected a site in Cherokee County, (South Carolina) – jointly owned with the Southern Company - for a potential new nuclear power plant. The Company will develop an application to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for a combined construction and operating license (COL) for two Westinghouse AP1000 (advanced passive) reactors.[97] The COL application submittal to the NRC is anticipated in the late 2007 or early 2008 time frame. Submitting the COL application does not commit either company to build new nuclear units. The companies will decide whether to proceed with plant construction at a later date. The US Public Interest Group, Public Citizen, said “Duke is angling to receive billions of dollars in taxpayer subsidies to defray the costs of applying for a license as well as operating the plants; it should not be given a government handout for the application … Nor should the government issue a license. Not only does nuclear power pose a threat to public health and safety, but Duke Energy has a track record that indicates it has been dishonest with consumers”. [98]
In addition to selecting the Cherokee County location for a COL application, Duke Power is considering the preparation of early site permit (ESP) applications for locations in Oconee County, S.C., and Davie County, N.C. Early site permits enable companies to complete environmental and site suitability reviews, and obtain approval from the NRC for potential nuclear plant sites in advance of requesting a license to build and operate a plant. [99]
Duke Energy remains committed to nuclear power, despite the Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan, CEO Jim Rogers told company shareholders [100] and University of Richmond students [101] in late April and early May, 2011.
Report: Duke's nuclear plants not replacing coal
A 2011 report by NC Warn, "New Nuclear Power is Ruining Climate Protection Efforts and Harming Customers", argues that companies like Duke have promoted the utilities’ commitment to lead the way to a “low carbon” future by building more nuclear power plants, but instead of replacing their coal-burning plants with nuclear power, the companies "plan to keep operating most or all of their coal plants indefinitely, while adding more nuclear (and fossil fuel) plants so they can expand electricity sales both within and outside the region. This business model is based largely on the delusion that the U.S. economy will someday return to the unsustainable growth that created the combined economic-ecological predicament we now face."
The report states that "Duke Energy Carolinas plans to add 7,723 megawatts (MW) of generation capacity by 2030, a net addition of 36.5%, while continuing to use its large coal-fired units. Over 2,200 MW would come from two Westinghouse AP1000 nuclear units at Duke’s proposed Lee Nuclear Station. Because Duke’s sales have been relatively flat since long before the recession, CEO Jim Rogers continues to pursue an aggressive program to expand sales inside Duke’s service area" to "force current customers to subsidize new [nuclear plants]; Duke is appealing the N.C. Utilities Commission’s denial of that expansion plan."[102]
Subsidiaries
Duke Energy International
Duke Energy International (DEI) is a subsidiary of Duke Energy and owns or has substantial interests in approximately 4,500 MW of electric generation in Argentina, Brazil, Belize, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Peru. About 70 percent of DEI's generating capacity is hydroelectric.[103][104]
In late June, 2011, DEI was reported to be in negotiations with GDF Suez, a French-Swiss utility company, with a possible sale or merger of Latin American assets valued at $18.8 billion.[105] Duke CEO Jim Rogers put rumors to rest in July, saying the sale of the company's Latin American assets did not make much sense. [106]
Duke Energy Hydrocarbons
Vulcan Capital Management originated, structured, and closed a transaction with Duke Energy Hydrocarbons, LLC in 2003 as a purchase of Duke Energy Inc.’s offshore businesses. Duke Energy Hydrocarbons is an offshore exploration and production company with operations located in the Gulf of Mexico.[107]
Coal lobbying
Duke Energy lobbyists include the firm Dutko Worldwide. [108] Other consultants and lobbying firms working for Duke Energy include Alpine Group, BG-4, Dow Lohnes, Hunton & Williams, Mary Kenkel, Lighthouse Consulting Group, LTD Group, Daryl Owen Associates, Valis & Keelen, and Van Ness Feldman, according to the Lobbyists.info online database. [109]
Duke Energy spent $5,090,598 on in-house lobbying costs in 2008 and a further $1,282,770 to date in 2009.[110] The registered lobbyists were Beverly K. Marshall, John Haysbert, Toby Short and Brian Vanderbloemen.
Duke Energy also spent $240,000 on Dutko Worldwide, LLC in 2008 and a further $50,000 to date in 2009.[110] The registered lobbyists for the first two quarters of 2008 were Tracy Hammond, Andrew Wright and Liz Burdock. The registered lobbyists for the latter half of 2008 and the first quarter of 2009 were Hammond and Wright.
Duke Energy also spent $134,000 on Alliance One in 2008.[110] The registered lobbyist was Mary Kenkel.
Duke Energy also spent $240,000 on the Alpine Group in 2008 and a further $60,000 to date in 2009.[110] The registered lobbyists were James Massie, Rhod Shaw and Jason Schendle.
Duke Energy also spent $25,000 on Walker Nolan in 2008 and a further $15,000 to date in 2009.[110] The registered lobbyist was Walker Nolan.
Duke Energy also spent $110,000 on The Accord Group in 2008 and a further $30,000 to date in 2009. [110] The registered lobbyist was Patrick Quinn.
Duke Energy also spent $118,000 on Bracewell & Giuliani in 2008 and a further $50,000 to date in 2009.[110] The registered lobbyists were Scott H. Segal, E. Dee Martin, Edward Krenik, Jeffrey Holmstead and Joshua Zive.
Duke Energy also spent $90,000 on the LTD Group in 2008 and a further $30,000 to date in 2009. [110] The registered lobbyist was Michael Haywood.
Duke Energy also spent $100,000 on Daryl Owen Associates in 2008. [110] The registered lobbyist was Daryl Owen.
• Total Lobbying expenditures for 2008: $6,147,598
• Total Lobbying expenditures to date for 2009: $1,517,770
Duke Energy is a member of the American Coal Ash Association (ACAA), an umbrella lobbying group for all coal ash interests that includes major coal burners Southern Company and American Electric Power as well as dozens of other companies. The group argues that the so-called "beneficial-use industry" would be eliminated if a "hazardous" designation was given for coal ash waste.[111]
ACAA set up a front group called Citizens for Recycling First, which argues that using toxic coal ash as fill in other products is safe, despite evidence to the contrary.[111]
Line of credit for 2012 Democratic convention
In March 2011 Politico reported reported that Duke Energy had agreed to provide a $10 million line of credit to the Democratic Party's 2012 convention in Charlotte. Duke Energy is headquartered in Charlotte. "Duke Energy was actively involved in recruiting the Democratic National Convention to Charlotte," company spokesman Tom Williams told POLITICO. "As a part of the application process, the DNC required there be a letter of credit, a line of credit, ultimately available if the host city was selected. … And our corporation stepped up."[112] The Center for Public Integrity reported that some environmentalists "see the move as an attempt by Duke to curry favor with the party controlling the White House. After all, there’s a long list of pending federal environmental rules that would have a direct impact on the utility industry — regulating against greenhouse gas emissions, for instance, and classifying coal ash as a hazardous waste."[113]
Reports
According to the 2012 Greenpeace report, "Charting the Correction Course: A Clean Energy Pathway for Duke Energy," Duke Energy customers in the Carolinas could save $108 billion, or 57% of their total bills, over the next 20 years by choosing solar and wind energy. The savings are achieved by using energy efficiency to its fullest degree and sourcing 33% of Duke Energy’s power from renewable energy by 2020, while phasing out coal by 2020 and nuclear energy by 2026.[114]
Personnel
Contact details
Web: http://www.duke-energy.com/
External links
Related SourceWatch articles
References
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2. http://www.duke-energy.com/pdfs/Oct_fact_sheet_rev.pdf
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36. John Downey, "Duke Energy buys in to ALEC meeting", "Charlotte Business Journal", May 11, 2012.
37. Connor Gibson, "What's on ALEC's Polluter Agenda Tomorrow?", "Greenpeace", May 10, 2012.
38. "American Legislative Exchange Council Bylaws", "PR Watch", PDF created February 6, 2012 from ALEC's 2007 IRS 990 tax filing.
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
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ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
8635.0 - Tourist Accommodation, Australia, Mar 1996
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 28/06/1996
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Quarterly; ISSN:1031-0770; Number of establishments with facilities providing short-term accommodation (ie. less than two months); hotels, motels and guest houses, caravan parks, holiday flats and units, and visitor hostels showing capacity, occupancy rates and takings from accommodation for each month by type of establishment for each State and Territory and Australia. For hotels and motels, includes data by star grading.
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These indexes measure price movements of materials and fuels used by establishments classified to each defined ASIC manufacturing 'sector' which has sources from establishments outside that 'sector' or from overseas. Index numbers are published for the Manufacturing Division (ASIC Division C); for 14 manufacturing 'sectors' that are defined in terms of ASIC Subdivisions, ASIC Groups or combinations of ASIC Groups; for 20 selected categories of materials and for selected metallic materials used in the fabricated metal products industry (ASIC Subdivision 31).
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01/07/1951 Western Australian Year Book, 1947-1948 (cat no. 1300.5)
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > News & Media > Media Releases by Release Date
Australian Social Trends, 2005
Page tools: Print Page Print All RSS Search this Product
A RELEASE
July 04, 2005
Embargoed: 11:30 AM (AEST)
78/2005
Be prepared: Australian Social Trends to be released 12 July
The largest annual analysis of our society by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) will be released on Tuesday 12 July at 11.30am (AEST).
The publication, Australian Social Trends (cat. no. 4102.0), contains many stories for news, specialist reporting and feature writers. Much of the great wealth of information goes unreported allowing almost unlimited opportunities for new story angles.
This year there will be special analysis on our population, our families and community, our health, our education, our work, our housing, our economic resources, and our environment.
At the time of release, the entire publication will be available on the ABS web site <www.abs.gov.au> as html pages i.e. no downloading required.
Given the large size of the publication hard copies will be available by request only, through ABS capital city offices at 11.30am (AEST) on Tuesday 12 July. By request hard copies will also be delivered to the Canberra Press Gallery. Note: hard copies must be preordered at least two days before release to ensure availability.
The ABS recommends you start preparing early for this story by:
• Putting it in the diary.
• Familiarising yourself with both the typical content and how to find the publication on the ABS web site; by following the Australian Social Trends link on the left hand navigation panel on the homepage <www.abs.gov.au>.
• Advising us now if you would like a hard copy of the publication.
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
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Welcome to the Terastation Wiki
From NAS-Central Buffalo - The Linkstation Wiki
(Difference between revisions)
Jump to: navigation, search
(ARM11 based Terastations)
(PowerPC based Terastations)
Line 14: Line 14:
==PowerPC based Terastations==
==PowerPC based Terastations==
-
* [http://forum.nas-central.org/viewforum.php?f=13 Terastation]
+
* [http://forum.nas-central.org/viewforum.php?f=40 Terastation & Terastation HS]
-
* [http://forum.nas-central.org/viewforum.php?f=17 Terastation HS]
+
* [http://forum.nas-central.org/viewforum.php?f=15 Terastation Pro v1]
* [http://forum.nas-central.org/viewforum.php?f=15 Terastation Pro v1]
Revision as of 09:50, 12 September 2007
TeraStation (ˈter-ə-stā-shən), n. 1. A Linux Based NAS device using 4 hard drives mounted in a RAID array. 2. standalone PowerPC or ARM computer. Connectivity via Ethernet or USB.
wi-ki (wee' kee), n. a type of website that allows anyone visiting the site to add, remove, or otherwise edit all content, quickly and easily, often without the need for registration. This ease of interaction and operation makes a wiki an effective tool for collaborative writing.
TS
TeraStation
HD-HTGL
HS
TeraStation Homeserver
HS-HTGL
TSPRO1
TeraStation Pro
TS-TGL v1
TSPRO2
TeraStation Pro II
TS-HTGL v2
TSLIVE
TeraStation Live
HS-DHTGL
TSES
TeraStation ES
TS-XETL
TSPRO2RACK
TeraStation Pro II Rack
HS-DHTGL/R5
Wikis
Forums
PowerPC based Terastations
ARM9 based Terastations
Personal tools
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Connexions
Sections
You are here: Home » Content » Life Skills Grade 1
About: Life Skills Grade 1
Collection type: Course
Course by: Siyavula Uploaders. E-mail the author
View the content: Life Skills Grade 1
Metadata
Name: Life Skills Grade 1
ID: col11103
Language: English (en)
Collection Subtype: Course
Subject: Humanities
License: Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 3.0
Authors: Siyavula Uploaders (support@siyavula.org.za)
Copyright Holders: Siyavula Uploaders (support@siyavula.org.za)
Maintainers: Siyavula Uploaders (support@siyavula.org.za)
Latest version: 1.1 (history)
First publication date: Sep 21, 2009 2:44 am GMT-5
Last revision to collection: Sep 21, 2009 2:58 am GMT-5
Downloads
PDF: col11103_1.1.pdf PDF file, for viewing content offline and printing. Learn more.
EPUB: col11103_1.1.epub Electronic book format file, for viewing on mobile devices. Learn more.
Collection Structure XML: col11103_1.1_collection.xml XML that defines the structure of the collection. Cannot be reimported in the editing interface. Learn more.
Source Export ZIP: col11103_1.1_complete.zip The Collection Structure XML, plus the CNXML and included media files for each module in the collection. Cannot be reimported. Learn more.
Offline ZIP: col11103_1.1_offline.zip An offline HTML copy of the content. Also includes XML, included media files, and other support files. Learn more.
Version History
Version: 1.1 Sep 21, 2009 2:58 am GMT-5 by Siyavula Uploaders
Changes:
collect modules
How to Reuse and Attribute This Content
If you derive a copy of this content using a Connexions account and publish your version, proper attribution of the original work will be automatically done for you.
If you reuse this work elsewhere, in order to comply with the attribution requirements of the license (CC-BY 3.0), you must include
• the authors' names: Siyavula Uploader
• the title of the work: Life Skills Grade 1
• the Connexions URL where the work can be found: http://cnx.org/content/col11103/1.1/
See the citation section below for examples you can copy.
How to Cite and Attribute This Content
The following citation styles comply with the attribution requirements for the license (CC-BY 3.0) of this work:
American Chemical Society (ACS) Style Guide:
Uploader, S. Life Skills Grade 1, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/col11103/1.1/, Sep 21, 2009.
American Medical Assocation (AMA) Manual of Style:
Uploader S. Life Skills Grade 1 [Connexions Web site]. September 21, 2009. Available at: http://cnx.org/content/col11103/1.1/.
American Psychological Assocation (APA) Publication Manual:
Uploader, S. (2009, September 21). Life Skills Grade 1. Retrieved from the Connexions Web site: http://cnx.org/content/col11103/1.1/
Chicago Manual of Style (Bibliography):
Uploader, Siyavula. "Life Skills Grade 1." Connexions. September 21, 2009. http://cnx.org/content/col11103/1.1/.
Chicago Manual of Style (Note):
Siyavula Uploader, "Life Skills Grade 1," Connexions, September 21, 2009, http://cnx.org/content/col11103/1.1/.
Chicago Manual of Style (Reference, in Author-Date style):
Uploader, S. 2009. Life Skills Grade 1. Connexions, September 21, 2009. http://cnx.org/content/col11103/1.1/.
Modern Languages Association (MLA) Style Manual:
Uploader, Siyavula. Life Skills Grade 1. Connexions. 21 Sep. 2009 <http://cnx.org/content/col11103/1.1/>.
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Difference between revisions of "Linux Kernel Resources"
From eLinux.org
Jump to: navigation, search
(reformatting page from old wiki)
(reformatting old page)
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=== Online ===
=== Online ===
- Rusty Russell's "Unreliable Guide to Locking" - http://kernelbook.sourceforge.net/kernel-locking.html
+
*Rusty Russell's [http://kernelbook.sourceforge.net/kernel-locking.html Unreliable Guide to Locking]
- Embedded Linux kernel and driver development - http://free-electrons.com/training/drivers
+
*Embedded Linux kernel and driver development - [http://free-electrons.com/training/drivers Free Tutorials at Free Electrons]
- Linux USB drivers - http://free-electrons.com/articles/linux-usb
+
*Linux USB drivers - [http://free-electrons.com/articles/linux-usb USB Driver Tutorial at Free Electrons]
=== Books ===
=== Books ===
Revision as of 00:40, 12 May 2010
This page has references to various kernel resources (web sites and mailing lists) for developers. Most of this information was gathered over a year ago, and may not be accurate.
/\ Note: You should always look at the kernel MAINTAINERS file for up-to-date information
Contents
Vanilla Linux kernel
- web site = http://www.kernel.org/
- Linux Kernel Source Tarballs
- Linus' Git Repository
- Mercurial mirror of Linus's Git Repository
• If this doesn't have everything you need, something is wrong.
• In the embedded world, many things are often wrong.
Mailing List (lkml)
LKML summaries
Repository access
• Kernel Git repositories
• Vanilla Linux Git Tree - This is "upstream". Get your code into here, please.
• Note: Linus's Repository only goes back to 2.6.12-rc2, the history before that is not included in his repository.
• But this one has all the going back to 0.0.1, and updates itself from Linus's tree when you do a "git pull". (This is really cool. You want this.)
News
Changelog
Architecture Sites
MIPS
- web site = http://www.linux-mips.org/wiki/Main_Page
- mailing list = http://www.linux-mips.org/wiki/Net_Resources#Mailing_lists
- Maintainer = Ralph Baechle
- there's an alternate site on Source Forge
- the site is: http://sourceforge.net/projects/linux-mips
- Note that this is used for experimental stuff that hasn't been merged
into the official mips tree by Ralph Baechle
ARM
- web site = http://www.arm.linux.org.uk/
- cvs access = http://cvs.arm.linux.org.uk/
- mailing list = http://www.arm.linux.org.uk/armlinux/mailinglists.php
- wiki = http://www.linux-arm.org/
- Maintainer = Russell King
PowerPC
- web site = http://penguinppc.org/
- mailing lists = http://penguinppc.org/about/community.php#lists
- Git repository = kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulus/powerpc.git
- Maintainer = Paul Mackerras
- Power Macintosh Maintainer = Benjamin Herrenschmidt
- cross-compiler mini-howto: http://penguinppc.org/embedded/cross-compiling/
See the following for information on different linuxppc source trees available:
http://www.penguinppc.org/dev/kernel.shtml
SuperH (SH)
Documentation
Online
Books
• Linux Kernel Development by Robert Love
• Good introduction to Linux kernel development
• Linux Device Drivers by Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, and Greg Kroah-Hartman
• Essential Linux Device Drivers by Sreekrishnan Venkateswaran
• Introduction to driver development for major subsystems
• Professional Linux Kernel Architecture by Wolfgang Mauerer
• Introduction to the architecture, concepts and algorithms of the Linux kernel
• Understanding the Linux Kernel by Daniel Bovet and Marco Cesati
• Guided tour of the code that forms the core of all Linux operating systems
• Linux Kernel in a Nutshell by Greg Kroah-Hartman
Cross-reference / code online
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GlobalVoices in Learn more »
Ip Iam-chong
Contributor profile · 2 posts · joined 16 October 2007
RSS feed for Ip Iam-chong
View all contributors »
Chong is an editor from inmediahk.net in Hong Kong. He also teaches cultural studies in Lingnan University.
Email Ip Iam-chong
Latest posts by Ip Iam-chong
18 October 2007
Taiwan: “Lust, Cautioin” and Debate on Patriotic traitor
As Ethan Hunt said in her blog (zh), Ang Lee's Lust, Caution aroused a debate on re-appraisal of the “patriotic traitors” during the anti-Japanese war (1937-1945) in Taiwan. The blogger has scanned a debate between two Taiwan scholars Lung Ying Tai and Wang Yongzu in her blog. Lung rereads the historical records and argues that Ding Mocun (represented by Tony Leung in the movie) did not deserve to die because of his contribution to the KMT government. She suggested we should not impose a strict judgment on these “patriotic traitors” who lived in a chaotic era. But Wang Yongzu disagrees with her and challenges the reliability of the historical evidence she provided.
16 October 2007
Hong Kong: Feng Shui Masters Rap
Kevin Li posts two music videos of rap about feng shui and two feng shui masters, Mak Ling Ling and So Man Fung (zh). Feng shui is a discipline with guidelines and techniques of site planning, internal furniture arrangements and fortune-telling. Feng Shui masters used to dress in traditional costume and looked serious. Yet, in Hong Kong, feng Shui masters have presented themselves as celebrity, talk show guests, comedians and stars over the past ten years. But this is the first time they appear in Cantonpop music video.
World regions
Countries
Languages
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BioMicroCenter:Illumina Library Preparation
From OpenWetWare
Jump to: navigation, search
Sample Preparation available in BioMicro
Generating high-quality data on the Illumina sequencing platform requires high-quality libraries. The BMC currently offers library preparation services for a variety of starting materials. Prior to sequencing, all samples must pass the BioMicro Center’s Sequencing Quality Control process, which verifies selection of inserts of a desired size and correct ligation of Illumina adapters.
Sample Prep questions can be directed to Shmulik Motola.
Contents
Sample Prep Services
DNA
There are two options when submitting DNA for library prep depending on the type of sample submitted.
Fragmented DNA - Samples will be pre-QC'd by BioAnalyzer, run on the SPRI-works system using BioMicro Center adapters (with size-selection at the user's option), enriched using BioMicro Center PCR primers (including molecular barcodes for multiplexing), final-QC'd, and either submitted for Illumina sequencing or returned to the user for their own sequencing. Users may also chose an a la carte service where only SPRI is preformed.
BMC Intact DNA sample prep (NEXTERA) - Samples will be pre-QC'd by Nanodrop, processed using the Epicentre Nextera kit, enriched using Nextera PCR primers (including molecular barcodes if requested), final-QC'd on the BioAnalyzer and either submitted for Illumina sequencing or returned to the user for their own sequencing. At least 50ng of DNA is required for Nextera. Samples for Nextera cannot be pre-QC'ed on the BioAnalyzer because the large fragments will clog the microchannels.
Size Selection - For samples requiring tight size selection, amplified libraries can be size selected using the PippinPrep prior to sequencing.
RNA
There are several options when submitting RNA for library prep. These options are largely dictated by the source of the RNA, the quality of the RNA and the amount of RNA available.In addition, strand specific information is available for some methods and tight size selection is available for all methods.
mRNA-seq - Samples will be pre-QC'd on the BioAnalyzer, poly-A purified and converted to cDNA using the Illumina Tru-Seq protocol, run on the SPRI-works system using BioMicro Center adapters, enriched using BioMicro Center PCR primers, and submitted for Illumina sequencing.
Strand Specific mRNA-seq - Samples will be pre-QC'd on the BioAnalyzer, poly-A purified and converted to cDNA using the dUTP 2nd strand marking protocol outlined in J. Levin et al 2010, run on the SPRI-works system using BioMicro Center adapters, enriched using BioMicro Center PCR primers, and submitted for Illumina sequencing.
Low Input mRNA-seq - Samples will be pre-QC'd on the BioAnalyzer, poly-A purified and converted to cDNA using the Ultra Low Input mRNAseq Kit from Clontech, run on the SPRI-works system using BioMicro Center adapters, enriched using BioMicro Center PCR primers, and submitted for Illumina sequencing.
|Chromatin
ChIP-Seq: Sonicated chromatin will undergo IP on the IPstar. RNase A, Proteinase K, Phenol:Chloroform extraction and purification will be performed off of the instrument and submitted for QC on the BioAnalyzer. These ChIP samples may be picked up for qPCR or sent directly to SPRI for library construction and sequencing (options are listed on submission forms). Users will be contacted if ChIP samples fail QC. These samples will not be submitted to SPRI-works but will be charged for the IP.
Barcoding
Our BMC Fragmented DNA sample prep (SPRI and enrichment) service includes molecular barcoding to allow sequencing of multiple samples per lane. Nextera DNA prep and RNAseq-prep may include barcoding at the user's option.
Submission
Unless otherwise instructed, the BMC reserves 50% of submitted DNA in case of failures during sample prep. If you would like us to utilize the full sample, please indicate it in the notes section.
DNA– DNA samples must be submitted in either water or TE. Although the SPRIworks robot is not highly sensitive to the amount of DNA input, care must be taken to submit an appropriate amount of adapter to ensure efficient ligation. If you select the Nextera kit instead of the SPRIworks, we will require 50ng of DNA input.
RNA – Total RNA samples must be submitted in water or TE. The quantity of total RNA needs to be between 0.1-4ug for Illumina TruSeq, 1ug-4ug for strand specific RNAseq, >100pg for Low Input RNAseq.
Chromatin – Sonicated chromatin must be submitted at 5-7 million cells per 200uL volume. Antibodies must be submitted at the same time(at least 3ug of antibody per IP). Chromatin should be prepared on the SAME DAY as the ChIP whenever possible. Full details about isolation methods can be found on the chromatin IP page.
Sample Submission Forms
QC
Good quality control is crucial for optimizing the number of reads and quality of data produced by the sequencers. For more information on QC methods and protocols please visit the Sequencing Quality Control page.
Workflow
• Fragmentation - All samples must be fragmented to the point where the majority of the fragment distribution is between 100 to 300 base pairs. RNA-seq samples are usually fragmented after poly-A selection and before first strand synthesis.
• End Repair and 3’ dA Addition – Any end damage that may have occurred during fragmentation is repaired and then an extra A is added to all 3’ ends to increase efficiency during ligation.
• Adapter ligation – Partial Illumina adapter sequences are ligated to the sample fragments, a total addition of 66bp between the two ends. Each adapter sequence has a T-overhang to increase efficiency. It is very important to maintain a good ratio of sample material to adapter. Illumina recommends a 1:10 ratio, to avoid the presence of primer-dimer after enrichment.
• Size Selection – This step is designed so that only the fragments within the desired size range (generally ~200–400bp) are included in the final library. Size selection is very important: fragments that are too large will create oversized, overlapping clusters on the Illumina flowcell and can result in a loss of read count in the final data. Fragments much smaller than the optimal size range may include residual primers and primer-dimers. Size selection is usually performed using an agarose gel.
• Enrichment – The DNA is PCR-amplified using the complete primer constructs required for binding and clustering on the flowcell. This adds 53bp of adapter sequence total between the two ends, for a final adapter length of 119bp. It is very important to optimize the number of PCR cycles so that there is sufficient material for clustering while limiting PCR biases.
Traditional Illumina protocols can be found on our protocols page.
Pricing and Priority
Full pricing information is available on our price list.
Priority for Illumina sample prep is currently given to labs associated with the BioMicro Center Core departments. We are able offer our services to other MIT and non-MIT users as space allows.
Personal tools
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Quotation added by staff
Why not add this quote to your bookmarks?
The ability to manage well doesn't make much difference if you're not even in the right jungle. Covey, Stephen R.
This quote is about management · Search on Google Books to find all references and sources for this quotation.
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"uncompressed_offset": 201824033,
"url": "quotationsbook.com/quote/28183/",
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"warc_url": "http://quotationsbook.com/quote/28183/"
}
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Quotation added by staff
Why not add this quote to your bookmarks?
Every New Year is the direct descendant, isn't it, of a long line of proven criminals? Nash, Ogden
This quote is about new year · Search on Google Books to find all references and sources for this quotation.
A bit about Nash, Ogden ...
Frederic Ogden Nash (August 19, 1902 May 19, 1971) was an American poet best known for writing pithy, funny, light verse.
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Skip to content
D.N.A. Flash Game for Scientific Geeks
An other game for scientific geeks to waste time with. Here are the instructions:
• If you left click on two different colored proteins, you create a cell.
• If you chain 10 proteins together, you burst a cell.
• If you burst cells, you fill your colored quotas.
• And filling your quotas grows your experiment.
Do you want to play more?
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Posts: 3,737 | Thanked: 1,066 times | Joined on Oct 2007 @ East Lansing, MI
#1
Oh no.
I've tried plugging in my external hard drive into all three USB slots on my Emachine, Windows XP, service pack 1 computer and I'm getting this error.
I was using service pack 3 but I just finished reformatting my computer hoping this would resolve the issue.
I also tried running Ubuntu, but nothing happened. Not even an error pop up.
And I was in such a good mood. *lol*
This has everything on it.... All of my pictures, videos, banking passwords, books and files... Basically my entire life backed up on this one stupid piece of metal.
I might have gotten a virus, I'm not sure, but I really don't do anything weird online like looking at pictures of Texas roadkill bondage images.
I don't know what happened.
Someone please offer me any suggestions on what to do next.
Many super thanks ahead if you respond to this.
Posts: 3,737 | Thanked: 1,066 times | Joined on Oct 2007 @ East Lansing, MI
#2
Omgosh.
After plugging in the USB thingy over 50 times in all three slots and getting the same error each and every time, it's finally back to working again.
All I did was unplug the power for 1 second and plugged it back in again.
I should really start hating Windows XP.
Posts: 361 | Thanked: 645 times | Joined on Jan 2011 @ Germany
#3
Originally Posted by Addison
Someone please offer me any suggestions on what to do next.
Implement a working(!) backup strategy!
If your entire digital life can be wiped out by a single failing HDD there's something very wrong with your IT.
Make a list of everything you can't afford to lose, get a 2nd HDD (better even a 3rd one to be stored in a different location like your parent's house or your office in case your house with the first 2 HDDs burns down) and back it up on a regular basis (daily, weekly, monthly - whatever setback seems to be acceptable in case of failure).
A very important point that many people forget:
Check on a regular basis if your backups still work, even if you have no need for a backup at that moment!
If you're paranoid make sure not to take your "offshore" backup home for checking or updating without putting a replacement in place. After all your house could burn down right when you have all your backups there for updating.
Posts: 3,737 | Thanked: 1,066 times | Joined on Oct 2007 @ East Lansing, MI
#4
^ Thank you.
That spooked me so much that I'm actually looking at a site right now that provides a service to back up all of your hard drive junk online for a simple, yearly, horror fee. *lol*
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Perth (Scotland)
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Perth is a city in Perthshire, Scotland, which lies on the banks of River Tay to the north eastern fringe of Central Scotland. Perth is the administrative centre of Perthshire, and is popularly referred to as The Fair City, although its city status was revoked in the 1970s following local authority reforms. On March 14th, 2012 it was decided to restore city status on Perth to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II after many years of campaigning.
The history of Perth goes back over 800 years when it was originally founded as Saint John's Town - the name is still used for the Perth's professional football (soccer) team St. Johnstone - and the adjoining town of Scone was a former capital city of Scotland. Today it is perhaps best known for giving its name to the Western Australian city of Perth.
Contents
[edit] Understand
Perth st johnstone used to be Scotland's capital from the 12th century on with the important Scone Palace nearby. Nowadays it is a pretty quiet place and according to the 2001 census, the population of the town is 43,450 [1], many of whom work in financial and customer services.
[edit] Get in
[edit] By car
Perth can be accessed from Edinburgh via the M90 from the south, Glasgow and Stirling via the M80/M9/A9 from the southwest, Inverness via the A9 from the north, Dundee and Aberdeen via the A90 from the east and the A85 from the West. Broxden Roundabout, on the outskirts of Perth, is unique as it lists all seven of Scotland's cities on its exit signs, as well as Crianlarich, a small village that must be passed through en route to major tourist centres such as Oban, Glencoe, Fort William, Mull and Iona (visitors to Scotland might be forgiven for thinking that Crianlarich is in fact a city, given the number of road signs that mention it).
[edit] By plane
Perth has its own airfield to the north of the town near Scone, but this is used mainly for private aviation and training. The nearest, and most convenient commercial airport for Perth by far is Dundee Airport [2], which is around 20-25 minutes drive from the town. Being largely a regional airport however, the choice of departures is quite limited compared to Edinburgh or Glasgow. However it has useful links from Birmingham and London City, although flights are rather expensive in comparison.
• Edinburgh Airport [3] (see the main Edinburgh article for full details). It is located 50 miles (80km) from Perth, and is easily reachable via the M90 motorway. Megabus (see below) operate direct buses from the airport to Perth.
• Glasgow Airport [4] is around 70 miles (120km) from Perth, and has more transatlantic and long haul flights than Edinburgh, although harder to get to from Perth due to the unpredictable nature of cross-Glasgow road journeys since it is on the "wrong" side of Glasgow - a problem made worse by the ongoing road improvements on the A80. Regular buses run to Buchanan Bus Station in Glasgow city centre where regular services to Perth are available on Citylink and Megabus coaches.
[edit] By train
Wikitravel has a guide to Rail travel in the United Kingdom.
Perth station is operated by First ScotRail [5], and the station is staffed throughout its opening hours. It is on the Highland Main Line from Glasgow/Edinburgh to Inverness.
The local service pattern is as follows (all these services are run by ScotRail)
• From Glasgow - approximately on hourly intervals from Queen Street (High Level) station, all trains to Dundee, Inverness and Aberdeen call at Perth.
• From Edinburgh- approximately hourly from Waverley/Haymarket stations, all trains to Inverness call at Perth
• From Inverness/Aberdeen/Dundee - hourly,
Perth has two direct rail services from London per day, otherwise a change in either Glasgow or Edinburgh is required if you are travelling from south of the border.
• East Coast [6]; the once daily Highland Chieftain service from London King's Cross to Inverness calls at Perth via York, Newcastle and Edinburgh. Approximate journey time 6 hours. Fares start at around £12 for a one way "Advance", rising to approximately £115 for an off-peak return.
• Caledonian Sleeper [7]; the overnight Highland sleeper train service from London Euston to Inverness calls at Perth, leaving at 8PM the preceding evening. Note that this arrives in Perth at around 6AM (before any other public transport is running); it may therefore be more convenient to use the Lowland sleeper train to either Glasgow/Edinburgh, and change to one of the local services (above). Prices £130 return; one way "Bargain Berths" are available online only from £19, depending on how early you book.
The station has seven platforms, five of which are "through" platforms.
There are two entrances, both of which allow car parking. The ticket office, newsagent and café are between platforms 2 and 3. The original main concourse was between the current platforms 4 and 7 and the station was covered by a large overall roof, which still exists in a reduced form. At one time there were nine platforms as it once boasted more services in the past to serve the smaller branch lines running throughout Perthshire.
[edit] By bus
Perth bus station is on Leonard Street, a couple of hundred metres further along from the railway station.
• Megabus operate services to and from Birmingham, London, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, Preston, Scotch Corner, Sheffield and Wakefield. Note that the Megabus does not call in Perth Bus Station - it calls at the Broxden service area on the A9, which is served by a frequent "Park and Ride" bus which operates from numerous points around the town centre.
• National Express [10] also operate many coach services to towns and cities in England.
[edit] Get around
• Stagecoach [11] operate the majority of the bus services in Perth. Day tickets can be bought on the bus which gives unlimited trips in Perth.
• Perth Park and Ride [12] and Scone Park and Ride [13] are convenient ways to get in and out of the town centre without taking your car.
• There are many vehicle hire companies operating in Perth. If you want to get off the beaten track then traveling by car is the best way to go.
• Taxis are plentiful around the town. There is a taxi rank outside the Caledonian Cinema and also on South Street beside the Tesco Metro. Local taxi firms include Ace Taxis +44 1738 633033, Station Taxis +44 1738 623400, Taylor's Taxis +44 1738 621789 and Thistle Taxis +44 1738 632424.
[edit][add listing] See
Scone Palace
• Scone Palace, Scone (2 miles / 3km north of Perth, follow A93 and signs), +44 1738 552300 (visits@scone-palace.co.uk), [14]. Open Apr-Oct, M-Su 9:30AM-5:30PM (last entry 4:45PM). Scone is the historic crowning place of no less than 42 Scottish kings, including Robert the Bruce and Bonnie Prince Charlie. Where you can now see the Palace, built early 19th century, stood once the Abbot's Palace. You can see a replica of the Stone of Destiny, upon which the kings were crowned. The original stone was thought to have been stolen by Edward I and brought to London, but some believe the original was hidden by its guardians and that the English king was given a locally quarried substitute. A few years ago this stone was finally returned to Scotland and now resides in Edinburgh Castle. Visitors more interested in medieval history might not want to buy the rather expensive ticket for the Palace, but you can walk around the park on a cheaper ticket. The Palace offers an extensive collection of 17th and 18th century Ivories in the State Dining Rooms, 18th century French furnite, a big collection of Poreclain, Queen Victoria's boudoir and information of the Scottish kings. Palace & Grounds £6.95/5.95/4.00 (adult/student, senior/child). Grounds only £3.50/3.00/2.20 (adult/student, senior/child).
• St. John's Kirk is the centre of the town and the oldest building in Perth, dating back to to 1159. [15]
• St Ninian's Cathedral, not as old but none the less impressive. [16]
• The Black Watch Museum, Balhousie Castle, Hay Street, +44 1738 638152, (fax +44 1738 643245). Military history of the 42nd/73rd Highland Regiments. Paintings, medals, uniforms and weapons on display. No admission fee, but donations welcome. May-Sep M-Sa 10AM-4:30PM, Oct-Apr M-F 10AM-3:30PM. [17]
• Perth Museum & Art Gallery, 78 George Street, +44 1738 632488 (fax +44 1738 443505), [18]. M-Sa 10AM-5PM, closed Christmas to New Year inclusive. Collection of Pictish Stones, art and information about natural history, human history and archeology. Free admission.
• Fergusson Gallery, Marshall Place. [19],M-Sa 10AM-5PM. The works of J.D. Fergusson, the Scottish colourist artist and Perthshire local. Admission free.
• Elcho Castle, the Rhynd, near Perth, PH2 8QQ. (4 miles from Perth, just off A912.), +44 1738 639998, [20]. 1st April - 30th September. M-Su, 9.30AM to 5.30PM, closed during the winter season. Built on the site of an older structure in around 1560, it is one of the best examples of it's kind still remaining. Adult £4.00, Child £2.40, Concession £3.20. edit
• Game Conservancy Scottish Fair, Scone Palace., 01828 650639, [21]. First weekend in July (3 days), 9.30AM - 6.00PM.. Set impressively in the grounds of Scone Palace, the Game Conservancy Scottish Fair is regarded as one of the main countryside events of the year in Scotland, demonstrating the importance of game and other wildlife and their contribution to the Scottish countryside. The Fair entertains all family members with a variety of displays (including Falconry and Terrier racing) in the Main Ring, Clay Pigeon Shooting, Gundog and Fishing Competitions on the banks of the River Tay. Educational exhibitions relating to countryside research projects undertaken by the Game Conservancy in Scotland together with children's activities (go-karts, climbing wall and superjumper) add to an enjoyable day out. Adults £14, Children (5-15) £3, Under 5s free. Family Ticket (2 adults & 2 children) £31. edit
• Perth Farmers Market, King Edward Street, [22]. First Saturday of the month. 9.00AM-2.00PM. At Perth Farmers' Market on the first Saturday of each month there is an abundance of fresh ingredients and quality products. From slabs of fresh red meat and slippery oysters to green, leafy veg to home made cakes, pies and wines - you will find everything you need to create delicious meals. If you're not sure what you're after, need to be inspired or want to know more about what you are eating, have a chat with our stallholders who can advise on ideas, cooking methods and traceability. From favourite comfort foods for the family to new and exciting recipe trends for dinner parties and friends, with Perth Farmers' Market, you really can make a meal of it. Free. edit
[edit][add listing] Do
• If you are fit enough you can cycle up to Kinnoull Hill [23] to have a superb view over the landscape. Cross River Tay over the Perth Bridge to the east side of the river. Go straight across the intersection and follow the road for about 3km and then turn right at the sign to Kinnoull Hill. You probably want to leave the bike at the car park unless you're up for some 2km off-road biking, but the walk to the summit is worth it! You can also drive up with the car to Kinnoull Hill and walk from the car park 2km up to the summit to get an impressive view over Perth and its surrounding.
• T In The Park, Balado, Kinross. (Located at Balado Airfield, just off the M90 at Kinross.), 08444 999990, [24]. Second weekend of July (3 days). Scotland's biggest and most famous annual music festival. Day tickets: £60.00 - £72.50. Weekend tickets: £170.00 - £180.00.. edit
• Branklyn Garden, 116 Dundee Road, PH2 7BB, +44 1738 625535, [25]. 10.00 - 17.00. his attractive garden in Perth was developed by John and Dorothy Renton with the help of seed collections from plant hunters such as Forrest, Ludlow and Sherriff. Gardeners and botanists from all over the world come to see the outstanding plants - rhododendrons, alpines, herbaceous and peat-garden plants. Free. edit
• Noah's Ark, Old Gallows Road, PH1 1QE, +44 1738 445568, [26]. Children's indoor soft play area, indoor karting, golf driving range, ceramics centre, and ten pin bowling. edit
• Moncreiffe Hill, Near Perth (Take the Rhynd Road heading east from the A912 just north of Bridge of Earn for around 2 miles, follow signs for woodland walks.), [27]. Moncreiffe Hill is a major landmark just a few kilometres from the city of Perth. From the south a mixed woodland occupies a steep scarp slope showing the spring and autumn colours of broadleaves, larch and pine to the thousands of drivers heading north on the M90. Free. (56.3635°N,3.4°W) edit
• Glenshee Ski Centre, Cairnwell, Braemar, Aberdeenshire, AB35 5XU (Glenshee Ski Centre is situated on the A93, nine miles south of Braemar and twenty five miles north of Blairgowrie.), 01339 741665, [28]. 08.30 - 17.00 during ski season. Although Glenshee is not in Perthshire, it is still very accessible from Perth. Glenshee Ski Centre offers the UK's most extensive skiing and snowboarding facilities - we hope you will enjoy our mountains of adventure. Glenshee - adventure in the making! Glenshee's impressive 20 lifts and 36 runs offer an amazing diversity of natural terrain for all standards of skiers and snowboarders. There are lots of options to choose from - you can join a class, go private, hire an instructor for your group, get into race training or simply take advantage of one of our great value package deals. edit
• Perth Playhouse, 6 Murray Street, PH1 5PJ, +44 1738 623126, [29]. If the weather is poor and you fancy seeing a film, then why not pop along to the movies. The Perth Playhouse shows the latest blockbusters. The art deco style building opened in 1933 and has since gone through various refurbishments, the most recent in 1999. edit
• Dewars, Glover Street, PH2 0TH, +44 1738 624188, [30]. A Sports, Business and Events venue suitable for: Buffets, Bowling, Ceilidhs, Conferences, Curling, Dinners, Exhibitions, Funeral Receptions, Ice Hockey, Marquee, Meetings, Parties, Seminars, Skating, Trade Shows, Weddings edit
• Perth Leisure Pool, Glasgow Road, PH2 0HZ, +44 1738 492431, [31]. 07.00 - 22.00. Ideally situated 5 minutes from Perth City Centre, Perth Leisure Pool is the perfect base for your day out to the Fair City. Perth's water wonderland remains one of Scotland's most popular aquatic attractions. The 6 pools provide something for all ages, abilities and tastes. edit
[edit] Work
There is potential for picking up seasonal work in the many restaurants, hotels and tourists attractions, particularly during the summer. There is also the nearby Cairngorms for skiing in the winter. In the rural areas surrounding Perth it is possible to earn money picking fruit or vegetables.
Unemployment is generally lower than the Scottish average, however many jobs are in retail or hospitality and so do not pay great wages. The biggest employers are Scottish and Southern Energy, Perth and Kinross Council and Aviva Insurance.
[edit][add listing] Buy
• Whisky. Perth has long been a centre for whisky, such as The Famous Grouse, Dewars and Bells. Some distilleries are still in operation in the area, such as Aberfeldy [32], Tullibardine [33] and Glenturret [34], however the ones in the city have now closed.
• Caithness Glass [35], at the top of the Dunkeld Road, is a visitor centre where all manner of glassware can be purchased. Visitors can also take a tour of the factory, seeing glass blowing and other techniques in practice.
• Cairn O’Mohr Fruit Wines, East Inchmichael, Errol, PH2 7SP, 01821 642781, [36]. M-F 9AM-6PM, Sa 10AM-5PM, Sun 12.30-5PM. Cairn O’Mohr award winning Scottish fruit wines are made from berries, flowers and leaves. All the Cairn O'Mohr wines have distinctive rolling flavours, juicy and aromatic. Tours £6.50, children go free.. edit
• Perth Mart Visitor Centre, Perth Mart, PH1 3JJ and also EWM, 17-19 St Johns Street, PH1 5SP, +44 1738 637366, [37]. The Edinburgh Woollen Mill is a Scottish clothing retailer targeting men and women over the age of 40. They sell a good range of Scottish clothing and souvenirs such as Pringle knitwear and tartan travel rugs. edit
[edit][add listing] Eat
• Duncan's in Perth, 33 George Street, +44 1738 626016, [38]. Open M-Th 12 - 2.30 & 5.30-9PM, Fri & Sat 12 - 2.30 & 5.30-9.30PM. Duncans in Perth is a new addition to the dining out scene in Perth and is a welcome appearance. Good use of locally sourced ingredients prepared and cooked well in a friendly clean environment served by cheerful staff. edit
• Deans @ Let's Eat Restaurant, 77 - 79 Kinnoull Street, +44 1738 643377, [39]. Open Tuesday - Saturday. The recently refurbished Deans at Lets Eat Restaurant has now made its mark as one of Perth's favourite restaurants. Willie Deans describes his cooking as vibrant modern Scottish. The focus is firmly on flavour and seasonability, most of his ingredients are sourced locally and quality is not compromised. All aspects of the dish are freshly made on site. The atmosphere is friendly and relaxed with a discreet professional service. edit
• 63 Tay Street, 63 Tay Street, +44 1738 441451, [40]. Tu-Sa, Lunch - Mid-day until 1400 Dinner - 1830 until 2100. 63 Tay Street is in the heart of historic Perth. This highly rated restaurant uses produce sourced locally and from fine suppliers a little further afield. An extensive wine list is a feature of the restaurant. edit
• The Club Restaurant, Murrayshall House Hotel, Scone, +44 1738 662231, [41]. Murrayshall House Hotel, where modern day sophistication embraces history amidst the sumptuous grounds of the splendid Murrayshall Estate. Murrayshall provides a sanctuary for guests to enjoy their golf, business or simply pleasure in unspoiled elegance, removed from distraction or interruption. edit
• The Bothy, 33 Kinnoull Street, PH1 5EN, +44 1738 449792, [42]. Shelter in style at The Bothy, Restaurant & Bar. Traditional Scottish dishes and European flavours mix to provide fabulous food, great service and stylish surroundings. Family friendly every day until 8PM. Enjoy fine wines, cocktails and a full a la carte menu every night. Remember to drop into the Wee Bar for a drink before and after your meal! The Bothy has built a reputation on serving quality Scottish favourites and bistro bites in a warm homely setting. Head Chef Stuart Wilson has devised a menu which will take you back to your childhood, with servings of belly fillers, heart warmers and delectable sweets. edit
• Baiglie Inn Country Restaurant, Aberargie, +44 1738 850332, [43]. The Baiglie Inn is relaxed and friendly and the décor is fitting for an old Scottish inn dating back to 1820. The food can be described as Scottish/Australian and inventive. They aim to serve 5 star food at 3 star prices! The house speciality is whisky pate with a hint of Drambuie. edit
• Acanthus Restaurant, Parklands Hotel, 2 St Leonards Bank, PH2 8EB, +44 1738 622451, [44]. Tu-Sa, 7.00PM - 9.00PM. The food is essentially modern Scottish, with the occasional other influence making an appearance. Dishes are prepared using top quality local produce from the best of Scotland's larder and cooked sensibly and with flair. We can cater for individual dietary requirements. Contemporary décor gives an intimate atmosphere suitable for a quiet romantic dinner or to gather a small group of friends for a celebration. The restaurant also has a private dining room or alternatively the entire space can be booked for functions. edit
• Manzil Tandoori, 13 York Place, PH2 8EP, +44 1738 446222. Indian restaurant, voted the best in Perth. edit
• The South Bistro, 47 South Street, PH2 8PD, +44 1738 633334, [45]. Fantastic small restaurant. edit
• Cafe Tabou, 4 St John's Place, PH1 5SZ, +44 1738 446698. http://www.cafetabou.com/. A good value French restaurant in the town centre. There is a two course pre-theatre menu (£11.50) available on some nights. edit
• La Serie A, 24-26 Kinnoull Street, PH1 5EX, +44 1738 631456. W-Su. Fantastic food at very reasonable prices. The takeaway sits next to the restaurant. The pizzas and pastas are named after Italian football teams. edit
• Jade Garden, 14 Scott Street, PH1 5EJ, +44 1738 622254. Popular Chinese restaurant. edit
• Gulisanos, 8 North Port, PH1 5LU (Behind the Concert Hall), +44 1738 563032, [46]. Tu-Th: 12:00-14:30 and 17:00-22:00 Friday: 12:00-14:30 and 17:00-23:00 Saturday: 12:00-23:00. Offers a varied and exciting menu. Provides the Italian relaxed service so if you have a time limit then please say so. edit
• Rancho Pancho, 80 George Street, PH1 5LB, +44 1738 444660, [47]. Tuesday--5-10PM Wed--5-10PM Thursday--12-2PM/ 5-10PM Friday--12-2PM/ 5-10PM Saturday--12-2PM / 5-11PM Sunday--5-10PM. Excellent Mexican restaurant, situated at the top of George Street, close to Perth Concert Hall. edit
• Pacos Restaurant, 3 Mill Street, PH1 5HZ, +44 1738 622290, [48]. FRI - SUN 4.30PM - 11.00PM (Last orders) SAT 12:00 noon - 11.00PM (Last orders). Food at Paco's Restaurant is freshly prepared daily and cooked to order. From pasta to pizzas, burgers to steaks, we have an extensive menu that will cater for all tastes. We always provide quality food along with exceptional service which makes us one of the most popular restaurants in Perth. edit
• Krung Thai, 161-165 South Street, PH2 8NY, +44 1738 633090. edit
• Café Breizh, 28 High Street, PH1 5TQ, +44 1738 444427, [49]. 9AM-9.30PM. Breizh is a traditional French restaurant, which has become one of Perth’s most popular places for eating out in its first year since they opened in May 2006 Enjoy coffee and croissants for your morning break or choose from our extensive menus which includes, pizzas with a wide variety of toppings baked in a wood burning oven or Galettes filled with fresh spinach, spring onions, mascarpone and goat cheese. Many ingredients are imported from France to give the authentic flavour to our dishes which can be enjoyed with our specially imported French Cider. Why not come in and enjoy your meal, served by our friendly staff dressed in traditions French mariners striped tops, in a relaxing atmosphere. Special menu for children under 12. edit
• Keracher's Restaurant, 168 South Street, PH2 8NY, +44 1738 449777, [50]. Kerachers is one of Perthshire’s leading restaurants. Since opening in May 1999 it has gained in reputation due to the relaxed style of the Restaurant itself and the marvellous fresh fish supplied by the Keracher family. Kerachers is relaxed and informal, serving superb local produce cooked with imagination and flair . Owners Pamela and Peter Keracher run the front of house and kitchen respectively so ensuring a quality dining experience. The Restaurant has 56 covers and is light and spacious thus ensuring comfort for our diners. edit
• The Thai at Rocablu, 1 Speygate Perth PH2 8PJ (On the corner of Canal st and Speygate just behind Sheriffs court on Tay st. 2 large carparks in front of Restr.), +44 1738 442715, [51]. 1200-1500 1730-2230. this is a new Thai restaurant in perth well about 1 year. really good and a great cocktail bar in an old Dewars whiskey cellar next door. has a huge fish tank behind bar. I now go there often for lunch including Saturday and Sunday for 3 course meal £7.75...brilliant lunch £7.75 a la carte 2 course from £14.00 to max.£21.50 p/p. edit. edit
• The Mexican, 24-26 Atholl Street, +44 1738 447878, [52]. wed-sun 17:00-21:00. The Mexican is Perth's newest and most authentic Mexican restaurant specialising in Mexican, Cajun and Bordertown cuisines. Why not come and try a frozen margarita or a chilled Mexican beer whilst enjoying our ever popular fajitas or whatever else takes your fancy on our extensive menu £10.00-£16.00. edit
• TABLA INDIAN RESTAURANT (Authentic Indian, Lunch, Dinner, Takeaway, Home Delivery, Cooking tutorials & Outdoor catering.), 173 South Street (End of South Street. Opp Bank of Scotland), +44 1738444630, [53]. Sun 3-10.30 Mon-Sat 12-2.30 & 5-10.30. Perth’s only Authentic Indian Restaurant. Owned and run by Praveen Kumar and his wife Swarna Kumar, both born and brought up in a small rural community in south India. At Tabla we use fresh, farm grown spices by own family in India. Praveen has gained great wealth of Food and Restaurant management skills from The Gleneagles Hotel & Turnburry Hotel, where we workedover 6 years. Tabla is well presented restaurant with stone walls and open kitchen. You’ll find cheerful and well attentive staff to exceed your dining expectations. 2 Course Lunch £6.95 5 Tapas £15.95 Per 2 Wine & Dine £29.95 Per Couple 2 Course Dinner £9.95 Guest reviews & feedback::http://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/Restaurant_Review-g186565-d1627504-Reviews-TABLA_Authentic_Indian_Restaurant-Perth_Perth_and_Kinross_Scotland.html £7 to £20. edit
[edit][add listing] Drink
• Brennans, 38 St John Street, PH1 5SH, +44 1738 623969. Plays host to the best pub quiz in town, Pubquizzing, on Thursday nights from 8PM. edit
• Kirkside Bar, 9 St John's Place, PH1 5SZ, +44 1738 626344. Quaint wee local pub in the town centre. edit
• That Bar, 145 South Street, PH2 8NY, +44 1738 634523. Used to be the place to go. Has karaoke and sticky floors. edit
• Ormonds Bar, 273 High Street, PH1 5QN, +44 1738 621631. Named after the great Willie Ormond, St Johnstone FC's greatest ever manager. edit
• Greyfriars, 15 South Street, PH2 8PG, +44 1738 633036. Nice wee pub with cask conditioned ales. edit
• The Foundry, 3 Murray Street, PH1 5PJ, +44 1738 636863. Built on the site of the old Perth Foundry, this pub has a varied mix of clientele, from the young to the not so young. Right next to the Caledonian Cinema so pop in here for a pint before your film. edit
• The Twa Tams, 79-81 Scott Street, PH2 8JR, +44 1738 634500. Perth's Premier music venue. edit
• The Sandeman, Kinnoull Street, PH1 5EZ, +44 1738 443944. This is the former Sandeman Library, converted into a modern pub. edit
• Loft Nightclub, 145-149 South Street, PH2 8NY, +44 1738 634523. Situated above That Bar. A lot nicer than the pub. edit
• The Ice Factory, 56 Shore Road, PH2 8BW, +44 1738 630011. Located towards the Harbour, the Ice Factory plays host to some of the music world's biggest DJ's including Paul van Dyk and Judge Jules. Be careful walking across the South Inch to or from the club as there are a few potholes on the path and it is not well lit either. edit
• City Nightclub, 6-8 South Methven Street, PH1 5PE, +44 1738 474060. City is a club on the top floor of the Sportster's Bar. edit
• The Thai at Rocablu, 1 Speygate Perth PH2 *PJ (On corner of canal st and Speygate just behind Sheriffs court with 2 big car parks), +44 1738 442715, [54]. 1200-1500 1730-2230. this is a new Thai restaurant in perth well about 1 year. really good and a great cocktail bar in an old Dewars whiskey cellar next door. has a huge fish tank behind bar. I now go there often. lunch £7.75 a la carte 2 course from £14.00 to max.£21.50 p/p. edit
• Tabla Indian Restaurant (Authentic Indian & Carryout), 173 High Street. PH28NY.Perth (End of south street. Opp Bank of Scotland), +44 1738444630, [55]. Mon-Sat 12-2.30 & 5-10. Sun 3-10.30. Perth’s only Authentic Indian Restaurant. Owned and run by Praveen Kumar and his wife Swarna Kumar, both born and brought up in a small rural community in south India. At Tabla we use fresh, farm grown spices by own family in India. Praveen has gained great wealth of Food and Restaurant management skills from The Gleneagles Hotel & Turnburry Hotel, where we workedover 6 years. Tabla is well presented restaurant with stone walls and open kitchen. You’ll find cheerful and well attentive staff to exceed your dining expectations.2 Course Lunch £6.95. Indian Tapas £15.95 per 2. 2 Course Dinner £9.95. Wine & Dine £29.95 per couple. Take away & Home Delivery service. Guest reviews :http://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/Restaurant_Review-g186565-d1627504-Reviews-TABLA_Authentic_Indian_Restaurant-Perth_Perth_and_Kinross_Scotland.html £7 to £21. edit
• TABLA INDIAN RESTAURANT (Authentic Indian, Lunch, Dinner, Takeaway, Home Delivery, Cooking tutorials & Outdoor catering.), 173 South Street (End of South Street), +44 1738444630, [56]. Sun 3-10.30.Mon-Sun 12-2.30 & 5-10.30. Perth’s only Authentic Indian Restaurant. Owned and run by Praveen Kumar and his wife Swarna Kumar, both born and brought up in a small rural community in south India. At Tabla we use fresh, farm grown spices by own family in India. Praveen has gained great wealth of Food and Restaurant management skills from The Gleneagles Hotel & Turnburry Hotel, where we workedover 6 years. Tabla is well presented restaurant with stone walls and open kitchen. You’ll find cheerful and well attentive staff to exceed your dining expectations. 2 Course Lunch £6.95 5 Tapas £15.95 Per 2 Wine & Dine £29.95 Per Couple 2 Course Dinner £9.95 Guest reviews & feedback::http://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/Restaurant_Review-g186565-d1627504-Reviews-TABLA_Authentic_Indian_Restaurant-Perth_Perth_and_Kinross_Scotland.html £7 to £20. edit
[edit][add listing] Sleep
• '''Almond Villa Guest House''', 51 Dunkeld Road, Perth PH1 5RP, +44 1738 637433, [57]. Almond Villa is a charming, relaxing and friendly bed and breakfast in Perth offering quality accommodation in an attractive Victorian house with only a 10 minute walk into Perth’s centre. edit
• Best Western Queen's Hotel, Leonard Street, PH2 8HB, +44 1738 442222, [58]. The Best Western Queens Hotel is ideally situated in the very heart of Perth, within metres of the railway and coach stations. The Best Western Queens Hotel is Perth’s only hotel to boast a superb modern fully equipped leisure club with indoor pool, which along with it’s 51 en-suite bedrooms, conference centre and various dining opportunities makes it one of Perth’s premier choices. edit
• Grampian Hotel, 37 York Place, PH2 8EH, +44 1738 621057, [59]. Very reasonable privately owned hotel, recently refurbished, run by an extremely agreeable couple. edit
• Perth Skylodge, Perth Airport, Scone, PH2 6PL, +44 1738 553980, [60]. Modern hotel situated in the Perthshire countryside only 3 miles from the town centre but a world apart. edit
• Salutation Hotel, 34 South Street, PH2 8PH, +44 1738 630066, [61]. The 3 Star AA awarded Salutation has excellent facilities and together with a professional approach, friendly caring staff and a willingness to please. edit
• St Johns UK Holiday Apartments/Letting, 78 High Steet, +44 1738 447933, [62]. checkin: 3PM; checkout: 10AM. Self catering holiday accommodation in apartment or cottage available all year round. Short and long lets available. Scottish Tourist Board graded 3/4 star. Very high standard, central location. Also self catering accommodation in town centre apartments, also cottage available for rent. Short and long lets available. Scottish Tourst Board graded to 3/4 stars. Very high quality from £100pw from £100pw. edit
• Symphony Lovat Hotel, Glasgow Road, PH2 0LT, +44 1738 636555, [63]. The charming, privately owned Lovat Hotel offers a warm welcome and friendly atmosphere. The Lovat Hotel is on the main route into Perth making it an ideal choice for the business person edit
• Ramada Perth Hotel, West Mill Street, PH1 5PQ, 08448 159105, [64]. Set in a 15th century watermill, you can still watch the water trickling through the original water wheel from our garden, reception area and Lounge Bar. With beautiful gardens and a medieval function room with 12th century features, the hotel makes a romantic venue for your wedding. Standard accommodation at the Ramada Perth hotel comes with flat-screen TV and complimentary refreshments, Upgrade to an Executive room or Suite for unlimited movies and high-speed Internet access. The hotel is locally known as The City Mills. edit
• Huntingtower Hotel, Crieff Road, PH1 3JT, +44 1738 583771, [65]. Huntingtower Hotel in Perth, one of the friendliest country house hotels in Scotland. Here, you can relax and feel at home. edit
• Sunbank House Hotel, 50 Dundee Road, PH2 7BA, +44 1738 624882, [66]. The hotel, built in early Victorian times (1853), is in its own grounds with a large private car park, situated only a short walk from the city centre. See the aerial pictures of the Sunbank Hotel and the River Tay. From £30.00 - £70.00. edit
• The Gleneagles Hotel, Auchterarder (From the A9 turn off at the junction with the A823 signed 'Crieff and Gleneagles'. Turn onto the A823 following the sign for the Gleneagles® Hotel and golf courses' and the entrance to the hotel is on the left, about a mile further on.), 08003 893737, [67]. Set in 850 acres of Perthshire countryside, Gleneagles is home to three of the top Scottish Championship Golf Courses and a wide range of exhilarating outdoor leisure activities. Throughout the hotel you will find the finest comfort – from the elegant restaurants to the luxury bedrooms and the calming environment of the spacious new destination spa by ESPA. Located within an hour’s drive from the international airports of Edinburgh and Glasgow, this is a unique place to escape for business and pleasure. The hotel has 232 spacious guest bedrooms, including a variety of luxury suites to suit all needs, tastes and desires. Guests staying at the hotel can take advantage of the wide range of experiences around the resort. There is plenty to do, with a selection of shops to browse and free access to the leisure club, swimming pools and tennis courts. Children can be entertained in The Playroom and older children have their own space, The Zone. £400.00 - £2,070.00 per night.. (N56:17:00,W3:45:08) edit
[edit] Stay safe
The local police is Tayside Police [68]. Perth is home to the Force's Western Divisional Headquarters, situated in Barrack Street. Although in the UK '999' and '112' are the numbers to call the emergency services, you may also want to take note of the direct phone number to Perth Divisional HQ : +441738 621141
Perth is generally a very safe city. The town centre can get a bit rowdy on Friday and Saturday nights, and the walk across the South Inch to get to The Ice Factory nightclub can be a bit dodgy (but it is best not to walk through any dark parks at night) and there are often potholes that you can't see in the dark. Buses run between That Bar on South Street and the club.
It is very safe to walk out of Perth at night back up to the guest houses on Dunkeld Road or Pitcullen Cresent but like most cities it has areas of no go. If you aren't familiar with the areas then it would be best to avoid walking through them late at night.
[edit] Cope
• Tourist Information Centre [69][70], Lower City Mills, PH1 5PQ. +44 1738 450600. You can get a free map of Perth and with all the sights in Perthshire.
[edit] Get out
This is a usable article. It has information for getting in as well as some complete entries for restaurants and hotels. An adventurous person could use this article, but please plunge forward and help it grow!
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Fife
From Wikitravel
Europe : Britain and Ireland : United Kingdom : Scotland : North East Scotland : Fife
Revision as of 22:50, 15 February 2013 by Soysauce (Talk | contribs)
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
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For other places with the same name, see Fife (disambiguation).
Fife is a county in the north east of Scotland.
[edit] Regions
"The Kingdom of Fife" [1] consists of a number of towns, countryside and coastline. Fife can be thought of in an number of sub-areas:
West Fife includes areas from Kincardine to Aberdour, including the ancient capital of Scotland, Dunfermline, as well as many historic towns and villages such as Culross and Limekilns.
Central Fife includes the areas around Cowdenbeath, Lochgelly, Kirkcaldy, Leven and Glenrothes.
North Fife includes areas around St Andrews, Leuchars, Cupar and villages along the Tay, as well as the farmland valleys of the Howe of Fife.
Crail Harbour
The East Neuk of Fife (pronounced like "nuke") is the coastal stretch beyond Leven leading up to St Andrews taking in villages such as St Monans (with its windmill), Elie (with its Blue Flag beach) and Crail (with its red tile roofs).
Many tourists find themselves paying most attention to St Andrews and The East Neuk. Falkland and Culross are also well worth visiting, and other areas provide facilities and subjects of interest: for example, Kirkcaldy is the birth place of Adam Smith - the "father of modern economics".
[edit] Towns and villages
Map of Fife
[edit] Other destinations
[edit] Understand
While Fife is often looked upon now as little more than the southern commuter belt to Edinburgh and the town of St. Andrews its people are very proud of their past. Fife has a history steeped in Economic achievement - from it's founder father, Adam Smith (born in Kirkcaldy) to perhaps the world's greatest buisnessman/philathropest, Andrew Carnegie (born in Dunfermline). This current tradition is upheld by the last UK Prime Minister, Gordon Brown.
[edit] Talk
The major language (as in the rest of Scotland) is English, but the Fife acccent can be difficult to understand (for those not used to the variety of accent in the UK, and not as difficult as some areas of Scotland). Many people, as in much of the rest of Scotland, use a form of English known as 'Lallans' or Lowlands English which does include some words that you may not be used to (for example "aye" for "yes" or "ken" for "know").
"Braw" is used locally as a word for general approval that you may be unfamiliar with (even having experience with speaking to Scottish people). As in "That'd be braw" meaning "That'd be fine/great", or simply "Braw!" meaning "Great!" or "OK!".
However, you need fear not! Speaking (standard/normal/American/Australian/English) "English" will not make you incomprehensible to Fifers, and Fifers will generally try to make themselves understood to you if you have problems with the dialect (I wouldn't push it too far in a pub later on in the evening, however).
As with the rest of the UK do not expect foreign language capability to be great, or even good (with the possible exception of areas such as St Andrews where the people are more used to tourists). Most people are educated in French or German, some in Spanish or Italian, but generally not to a conversational level (that they remember!). There are, of course, exceptions to this rule.
[edit] Get in
By plane
Edinburgh Airport [2] (EDI) is the most convenient airport for most of Fife. Edinburgh airport is well served from across the UK and some European cities by the likes of BA, BMI, easyJet, flyglobespan, flybe, Scotairways, Lufthansa, Air France and KLM, and now also has direct flights to the USA with Delta and Continental. There's a bus service (747 line [3]) direct to Inverkeithing from the airport, where you can change for another bus or for the train. It takes from 25 to 45 minutes (depending on the traffic). Fares are £4.50 single or "day return", half for children. Otherwise, get the bus/taxi into Edinburgh and catch the train from Haymarket or Waverley. You could of course also hire a car.
Glasgow airport is about a 90 minute drive from the Forth Road Bridge (entryway to Fife).
There is also a small airport in Dundee that has commercial scheduled connections from London City (with Scotairways) - this airport is convenient for some of Fife also. Fife Airport [4] is found in Glenrothes - there are no commercial scheduled flights to this airport.
By train
Trains from Edinburgh (or further south) to Dundee (or Aberdeen) stop at Inverkeithing, Aberdour, Burntisland, Kirkcaldy, Markinch and Leuchars (for St Andrews). You can use the East coast service on the East Coast Mainline directly from London to Kirkcaldy, though this is a long trip. There is also a very good local or 'circle' service which services Dunfermline, Rosyth, Thornton (for Glenrothes, although Markinch is also handy) and other towns.
By car
Use the M90 motorway to access Fife from the north (Perth) or south (Edinburgh). A92 gives access from Dundee/Aberdeen. Also easy access from Stirling to Kincardine/Dunfermline via A985. A92/A985/A91 are major trunk routes through Fife.
By bus
Major bus stations in Kirkcaldy, Dunfermline, Glenrothes, St Andrews Inverkeithing and Cupar are served by Stagecoach among others (for example, some Megabus services make stops at Inverkeithing). See above for details of getting to Fife by bus from Edinburgh airport.
[edit] Get around
Roads are in generally good condition and not too crowded. The only motorway (the M90) passes straight through Fife, and the dual carriageway network is limited - so only drive if you feel comfortable on single carriageway roads, and some even smaller roads. To get around most areas (including to get to St Andrews) you will need to take trunk roads and through towns. Many of these towns have traffic calming schemes in place that can be difficult to negotiate (for example in Colinsburgh) or have through roads that are very narrow (or have parking on one side) where traffic can only really pass in one direction at a time (for example in Kingskettle). Don't let this put you off, though - take your time and remember to drive on the left (keep yourself as driver and the steering wheel towards the center of the road at all times, just as at home!) and you can see some of the best parts of Fife - the North Fife Tourist trail through the East Neuk is a fantastic route to drive to St Andrews, stopping in the picturesque villages en route. Falkland has some bad blind corners, so take care.
Generally speaking, the most convenient way to get from Edinburgh (Airport) to St Andrews is to hire a car and drive - especially if you're arriving with golf clubs!
Check Traveline Scotland [5] for full details of public transport and a journey planner.
Bus and rail services are excellent (the 'Fife Circular' service runs from Edinburgh Waverley to all train stations in West and Central Fife. The main line service runs to Inverkeithing in West Fife, Kirkcaldy in East Fife and Leucars in North East Fife.)
There is an excellent series of cycle tracks [6] throughout Fife. The cycle route from Edinburgh to Aberdeen also passes through Fife.
On foot you can take the Coastal Path [7] which starts (and ends) at the Kincardine, Tay or Forth Road Bridges.
[edit][add listing] See
St Andrews: home of golf and oldest university in Scotland (founded 1410)
Kirkcaldy
Culross
Secret Bunker: a former underground nuclear bunker now open to the public.
East Neuk: charming, photogenic fishing villages (includes Elie - with a blue flag beach, Pittenweem, Crail and Anstruther).
Kirkcaldy Museum and Art Gallery.
Falkland Palace
Dunfermline : Abbey,
Adam Smith Theatre
Rothes Halls
Aberdour Beach, scenic harbour, castle.
• MacDuff Castle. edit
[edit] Itineraries
[edit][add listing] Do
Get on your bike and enjoy the marvellous cycle routes
Visit the county's many fine parks (Beveridge in Kirkcaldy, Pittencrieff in Dunfermline, Lochore Meadows, etc).
[edit][add listing] Eat
Hut by Crail harbour
The Bengal Tiger Indian Restaurant at Pittencrieff Street, Dunfermline, near to the park, offers excellent food, and has special half price offers every Sunday to Friday night inclusive.
For Fish & Chips (or Ice Cream!) try the Anstruther Fish Bar [8], which has won awards. Be ready for a long queue at busy times, though.
The Pavilion [9] in Elie is actually a (golf) pavillion, but offers good food (including local seafood) at a decent price. It's also an Internet Cafe.
If you're more adventurous, try lobster directly by the harbour in Crail (look for the small wooden hut).
[edit][add listing] Drink
Fife has many pubs, every town or village will have at least one with most having two or three.
[edit] Stay safe
Crime in Fife is low, and serious assaults are uncommon. As always, it makes sense to avoid badly lit areas at night, especially in large towns, even though there is a slim chance of crime. Fife is served by an excellent police service.
[edit] Get out
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Valencia (region)
From Wikitravel
Europe : Iberia : Spain : Eastern Spain : Valencia
Revision as of 01:20, 23 November 2006 by 201.81.194.205 (Talk)
Jump to: navigation, search
Valencia (Spanish: Comunidad Valenciana, Valencian: Comunitat Valenciana) is on the South-Eastern coast of Spain.
Regions
It is divided into three provinces (from north to south):
Cities
Alicante
Valencia (City)
Other destinations
Understand
Talk
Get in
Get around
See
Itineraries
Do
Eat
Drink
Stay safe
Get out
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
In ABS we trust (Media Release), 2010
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MEDIA RELEASE
20 October, 2010
Embargo: 11.30 am (AEDT)
126/2010
In ABS we trust
The majority of Australians trust the Australian Bureau of Statistics, a report released today found.
In an effort to provide national and international benchmarks on trust in official statistics, the ABS commissioned a survey to measure the publics trust in the ABS and its statistics.
92%(1) of those surveyed were found to trust or greatly trust the ABS.
“The survey’s results are extremely pleasing” said Mr Brian Pink, the Australian Statistician. “The report shows that the majority of Australians believe the ABS to be a valid and reliable organisation and that the community understand the importance in what the ABS does for Australia.” Mr Pink said.
The survey, which was conducted in May and June this year, not only measured Australia’s trust in the ABS, but knowledge in what the ABS does and how the ABS compares to other organisations.
2,379 members of the general public and 137 academics, members of the media and economists around Australia participated in the survey. Results found that participants surveyed were most familiar with Census of Population and Housing.
The release of the Community Trust in ABS Statistics Survey(1) coincides with the first World Statistics Day.
World Statistics Day celebrates the service provided by national and international statistical organisations, and hopes to help strengthen the awareness and trust of the public in official statistics.
Full details of the Community Trust in ABS Statistics Survey are available at nss.gov.au
Note:
(1) This survey was undertaken by an independent consultant using a quota based household sampling methodology. The response rate was 26% and is much lower than the usual level of response that is experienced in surveys conducted by the ABS. The response of this survey is comparable to similar market research studies conducted by commercial survey organisations that are undertaken on a voluntary basis. Given the low response rates, and potential for non-response bias users are advised to interpret the findings with caution.
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
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Here is a checklist of on page attributes that search engines look for in a relevant and high-quality website.
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Construction of the Grand Canal and Improvement in Transportation in Late Imperial China
Sui-wai Cheung
Abstract
In this paper, I outline how different major segments of the Grand Canal were built in the Ming and Qing periods. It is necessary to note that the construction was extremely arduous. It was over 1,700 kilometers long, crossing the four provinces of Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Many of its segments were built on uneven slopes, which added great hardship in maintaining navigable water levels. Because of these construction difficulties, the construction of the Canal was a continuous project for three centuries, starting from the early fifteenth century and ending with the late seventeenth. I show that in this long process of the construction how the Ming and Qing governments solved the problems they met, and finally succeeded in improving the transportation between northern and central China. I also discuss whether the Grand Canal was the major factor which stimulated the growth of long-distance trade between northern and central China.
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Asian Social Science ISSN 1911-2017 (Print) ISSN 1911-2025 (Online)
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The Role of HR in Achieving a Sustainability Culture
Jay Liebowitz
Abstract
An organization’s Human Resource function can be instrumental in facilitating a comprehensive approach for creating a culture of sustainability and environmental stewardship. As such, it is recommended that an organization’s Sustainability Coordinator work more closely with the organization’s Human Resource executive. This idea might be considered a new area of focus for the practical implementation of sustainable development in a company. The strategy involves making significant changes to the organization’s systems for: recruiting applicants, selecting new employees, conducting new employee orientation, conducting performance evaluations, determining employee compensation, creating a succession planning process, providing employees with training and development, and mentoring employees and managers. It also involves creating a win-win-win collaboration among multiple stakeholders who are in conflict with each other. Numerous examples are provided demonstrating how a focus on each of the HR systems has helped organizations to create a sustainability culture.
Full Text: PDF
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Journal of Sustainable Development ISSN 1913-9063 (Print) ISSN 1913-9071 (Online)
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(2) : Attention Conservation Notice: would you like me to work at some interesting company or on some interesting project you have going? Devour my resume and send me mail.
I need to change my life. My current situation is not too bad but it is frustratingly lopsided. Currently I work at a job that's pretty boring, but I'm only working at it 3 days a week and I'm spending the other 2 workdays writing a book, which is really fun. I don't spend a lot of money, so 3/5 of my full-time salary is enough for me to live on.
I want another job, preferably one at a startup, because those tend to be less boring. As it happens, I occasionally get contacted by people who want me to work at their startups, and I just got a good offer to work on a really cool project. Unfortunately, working at a startup would seriously disrupt my work on the book, which I am loath to do. Even more unfortunately, this particular startup lives on the east coast, where I don't really want to move.
It's a good offer but not a slam-dunk, so before deciding what to do about it I want to see if there are any interesting companies here in California (or somewhere else nearby, or that let you telecommute) that would like to hire someone with my skills. I'm doing this mainly through NYCB because for some reason a lot of cool people read this weblog, and in my experience jobs found through networking turn out much better for everyone than jobs found through Craigslist.
I have a couple alternatives. The first is to maintain the status quo, which is not terrible and which has inertia on its side. The second is to work on the book full-time to get it done faster, and start looking for a job once the book is finished. The third is to become an author, making a living from puny book royalties and lucrative consulting work. Probably within a week I'll decide among these four paths.
I put my resume up for those who are interested; send me an email if you have any ideas, or comment about the general path you think I should take. My fate is in your hands, loyal readers. Disloyal readers not eligible.
Comments:
Posted by Camilla at Wed Sep 14 2005 02:47
My professor wrote a book on Python (the Monty variety, however) and he claims he hasn't seen mcuh if any from it, despite the fact we have to buy it for his class. He also thinks it's overpriced and urges us to buy it online so we don't waste our money, which could be part of the problem.
He's also in the middle of another Python book, which will be much huger and go for a lot more money. It's similar in format to Pope's Dunciad Variorum but instead of a poem, he's annotating the scripts for Flying Circus.
Posted by Leonard at Wed Sep 14 2005 10:39
You don't make a lot from books, but it's good to diversify your sources of income. Also once you've written a book people think you know what you're talking about for some reason.
[Main] [Edit]
Unless otherwise noted, all content licensed by Leonard Richardson
under a Creative Commons License.
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American Indians Beginning Your SearchEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Contents
Establishing Your Tribe
Many families include the tradition of American Indian ancestry. Some families have an established connection to a recognized Indian tribe, but most do not. Before you can search federal and tribal records you must have establish a tribal affiliation.
Begin your search, by asking other family members for any information they may have about your ancestor’s tribe. You may find that different family members have different information. This is common in oral family traditions. Write down this information along with the source of the information such as:
• The family member's name and contact information (phone number, address, etc.)
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You will need to learn what records were made about your tribe. Many people believe that there are few or no records of American Indians. Actually American Indians are some of the most tracked and recorded people in America. You will want to check to see which records were created for your tribe. These records were usually made by one of the following:
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Other records may only be available at the library and must be searched in person. Check the library's web site or check with the library for their research policy. If you cannot search the records in person, ask of a list of preferred or accredited researchers who maybe able to search on your behalf. Be aware that a fee will probably be involved if you ask someone else to do the searches for you.
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As you are searching the records you may need to search for different names or multiple names depending on the type of record and the time period.
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About this Journal Submit a Manuscript Table of Contents
Gastroenterology Research and Practice
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 640168, 5 pages
doi:10.1155/2012/640168
Clinical Study
miR-21 Is a Promising Novel Biomarker for Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Gastric Cancer
1Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, South East University, Nanjing 210003, China
2Department of Oncology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
3Department of Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
Received 26 February 2012; Accepted 30 April 2012
Academic Editor: Richard Ricachenevski Gurski
Copyright © 2012 Yuejuan Xu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background. Gastric cancer (GC) is an important malignant disease around the world. Abnormalities of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in carcinogenesis of various cancers. In the present study, we examined miR-21 expression in human gastric cancer with lymph node metastasis and attempted to uncover its relationship with clinicopathologic data, especially with lymph node metastasis. Materials and Methods. The expression levels of miR-21 in the tumor specimens of GC patients were quantified by RT-PCR. The correlation between miR-21 level and multiple clinicopathological factors was then examined by Mann-Whitney test, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results. The expression level of miR-21 was higher in GC patients with lymph node metastasis than in those without lymph node metastasis (). Expression level of miR-21 was significantly correlated with histologic type, T stage, lymph node metastasis and pTNM stage. The overall survival rates in GC patients with low upregulated miR-21 expression were significantly higher than those with high upregulated miR-21 (). Conclusion. A close association is implicated between the elevated miR-21and lymph node metastasis, which could potentially be exploited as a practical biomarker for lymph node metastasis in patients with GC.
1. Introduction
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most prevalent malignant cancer worldwide and is the second most frequent cause of cancer death [1]. Despite many advances made in GC therapy, the prognosis for patients with GC remains unsatisfying. Because of early detection in screening programmes in Japan, survival is good (52%), whereas survival in the USA, Europe, and China generally is only 20–25% for the delayed diagnosis [2]. Five-year survival rate for advanced or metastatic gastric cancer is nearly 5–20%, with median overall survival being less than 1 year [3, 4]. Therefore, it is necessary to find prognostic markers that could accurately indicate biological characteristics of GC and supply the evidence for early diagnosis and predicting the clinical outcome so as to improve the clinical management of GC patients. With the advances in diagnostic and operative technologies, surgical decisions have been made based on tumor stage [5, 6]. In order to tailor surgical therapy, it is necessary to assess clinical stage and depth of tumor invasion. However, the method for prediction of lymph node metastasis, another important determinant for prognosis, has not yet been well established.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a species of small noncoding RNA of about 21–23 nucleotides, could interact with their target mRNAs to interfere with the translation by promoting mRNA degradation or to block translation by binding to partial homology to target mRNA in the 39-untranslated region [7, 8]. It has been reported that miRNAs play important roles in various human biological processes such as metabolism, differentiation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Abnormalities of miRNA are suggested in carcinogenesis of various cancers, indicating that miRNAs could be used as molecular biomarkers for diagnosis of cancer and prediction of prognosis [912]. MiR-21 has been reported to be elevated in multiple human solid tumors including lung, breast, stomach, prostate, colon, and pancreatic cancer and their respective normal adjacent tissue. Meanwhile, serum miR-21 was also found to be overexpressed in many cancers such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, or breast cancer. Evidence supports the hypothesis that miR-21 is a central oncomiR [1316].
In the present study, we explore miR-21 expression and its correlation with clinicopathological factors in gastric cancer. Furthermore, we also determine whether miR-21 expression in lymph node might be a molecular biomarker for predicting the lymph node metastasis of GC patients.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients and Samples
Tumor specimens and normal control tissues were collected from 86 patients who underwent surgical treatment for histologically proven gastric adenocarcinoma at the Department of Surgery, Nanjing Second People’s Hospital, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, and Shanghai Putuo Hospital, from January 2006 to December 2008. None of the patients had been administered by chemotherapy or radiotherapy prior to undergoing surgical resection. Metastatic lymph nodes were also harvested during gastrectomy. Clinical stage of GC was assessed on the basis of the tumor node metastasis (TNM) classification system recommended by the International Union against Cancer. For accurate N staging, more than 15 lymph nodes in one patient were collected by means of a careful manual palpation. Demographic and clinicopathological details of patients were collected from electronic patient records. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Nanjing Second People’s Hospital, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, and Shanghai Putuo Hospital. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant.
2.2. RNA Extraction and qRT-PCR
Total RNA was extracted from frozen specimens using Trizol (Invitrogen) following the manufacturer’s guide. Total RNA was eluted in 100 mL and stored at −20°C. 5 mL of RNA was used to measure the expression of miR-21 by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) with the TaqManH miRNA reverse transcription kit and the TaqManH miRNA assay-specific RT primers for miR-21 according to the instructions of the manufacturer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). The expression of Let-7a was used as internal control. Real-time PCR was performed with 3 mL of each cDNA on a StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) in duplicates. value is defined as the number of PCR cycles at which the fluorescent signal crosses the threshold. The difference of values between internal control and miR-21was presented as . is the difference of values between paired specimens. represents the exponential value of , which means fold change in expression.
2.3. Statistical Analysis
The correlation between up-regulated miR-21 and different clinical factors was assessed by Mann-Whitney analysis, paired t-test linear regression, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. To determine to which extent the obtained value of miR-21 could efficiently separate different clinical subsettings, operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was generated, and the sensitivity and specificity of the optimum cut-off point were defined as those values that maximized the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Data analysis was done using R software statistical environment (version 2.14.1; R Development Core Team, Vienna, Austria). All statistical tests were two-sided, and value of less than .05 was considered statistically significant.
3. Results
3.1. Expression of miR-21 in GC Specimens
The expression level of miR-21 was analyzed by qRT-PCR. The expression level of internal control, Let-7a, showed no significant difference between the three groups (data not shown). We found significant difference between normal controls and patients without lymph node metastasis (). Furthermore, there is significant increase of miR-21 expression levels in patients with lymph node metastasis compared to normal controls and patients without lymph node metastasis (Figure 1(a)). A cut-off value of 5.12 was best distinguished in patients with lymph node metastasis and without lymph node metastasis, and the AUC value was 0.79 (Figure 1(b)).
Figure 1: Comparison of levels of miR-21 in samples from gastric cancer (GC) patients without lymph node metastasis (), GC patients with lymph node metastasis (), and normal controls (). The lines denote the medians. Dot lines at the y-axis denote cut-off values. A significant difference between all histological groups was examined by ANOVA test. NS denotes no significant difference between groups. Receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) curves were used to discriminate patients with and without lymph node metastasis.
3.2. Correlation of miR-21 Expression with Clinicopathological Factors of GC Patients
The expression of miR-21 was found to be highly upregulated in 30 (34.9%) of 86 cases, whereas the remaining 56 cases (65.1%) were classified as having low up-regulated expression. To investigate the clinical significance of up-regulated miR-21, the relationship between miR-21 and clinicopathological factors was further assessed. As shown in Table 1, high up-regulated miR-21 expression appeared to be significantly associated with more histologic type (), T stage (), lymph node metastasis () and pTNM stage () in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis found that pTNM stage () and lymph node metastasis () were statistically significant.
Table 1: Relationship between clinicopathological factors and miR-21 expression in patients with GC.
3.3. Correlation of miR-21 Expression with Prognosis of GC Patients
The overall survival rates in the patients with or without lymph node metastasis and with low or high up-regulated expression of miR-21 were statistically estimated. As shown in Figure 2, the median overall survival time in patients with high and low up-regulated miR-21 expression levels was nearly 11.2 and 13.8 months, respectively. The survival difference between these two groups was statistically significant (). We found that there were no significant differences between the patients with lymph node metastasis and high up-regulated expression of miR-21 and without lymph node metastasis and low up-regulated expression of miR-21 ().
Figure 2: Kaplan-Meier survival curves of GC patients. The overall survival rate in patients with high miR-21 expression was significantly lower than that in those with low miR-21 expression ().
4. Discussion
To develop sensitive and specific minimally invasive molecular biomarkers for tailored management of cancers is a major challenge in clinical oncology. Dozens of studies have shown that miRNAs might be used as potential molecular biomarkers for human malignancies. Although numerous studies have been published for investigating the effect of the abnormal expression levels of miRNAs on the tumorigenesis, there is only a paucity of reports dealing with clinical impact of miRNAs in patients with lymph node metastasis [1721]. Therefore, identification of miRNAs expression in patients with lymph node metastasis will be helpful to facilitate the clinical management of GC.
In this study, we have established the potentiality of miR-21 in the tumor tissue as a biomarker for lymph node metastasis. Using qRT-PCR, miR-21 was identified to be highly upregulated in GC patients with lymph node metastasis compared to patients with no lymph node metastasis (). ROC curve showed that the AUC value was nearly 0.8, which indicated that the expression level of miR-21 might be used to predict the lymph node metastasis in patients with GC. A previous study reported by Chan et al. also showed that miR-21 was overexpressed in most of the gastric cancer patients [22]. In addition, miR-21 and its precursor have been reported to be upregulated in many human malignancies, including pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, glioblastomas, and lung cancer [20, 23, 24].
The molecular mechanisms of regulating the expression of miR-21 in GC are rarely reported, especially the reports of evaluating the correlation between miR-21 expression level and clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, and prognosis of GC patients. The evidence was derived from the recently published reports. Suppression of miR-21 in MCF-7 cell, which overexpressed miR-21, could increase apoptosis and decrease cell proliferation, and knockdown of miR-21 in glioblastoma cells also showed that this miRNA has an anti-apoptotic function [25, 26]. Furthermore, two direct targets of miR-21, PDCD4 and maspin, which could decrease the metastasis of malignancies, have been found [27]. Taken other line of evidence together, a possible role of miR-21 as an oncogene has been hypothesized, including proliferation, cell cycle, metastasis, and chemosensitivity of tumor cells by targeting several tumor suppressor genes such as PTEN, MARCKS, PDCD4, and Cdc25A [2831]. However, additional studies should be designed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of both the cause and effect of altered expression of miR-21 in GC.
Our present study next focused on the potential relationship between the expression level of up-regulated miR-21 and various GC clinicopathological factors, as well as the prognosis of the patients. It is worth noting that high up-regulated expression level of miR-21 was significantly correlated with histologic type, T stage, lymph node metastasis, pTNM stage, and poor overall survival of the patients with GC. High up-regulated expression of miR-21 in GCs with lymph node metastases indicates that its up-regulation was acquired in the course of tumor progression and, in particular, during the acquisition of metastatic potential. These results suggest that miR-21 could serve as a prognostic marker for prognosis of GC patients. However, the reports published by chan et al. did not show that higher expression of miR-21 affected the clinical prognosis of gastric cancer patients [22]. A potential important reason is that the patient cohort is too small to find the statistically significant difference, which only included 24 and 13 patients in group of <2-fold and 2-fold elevated expression, respectively. Meanwhile, the design of our study was also different from the report by chan et al. In our study, we mainly examined the miR-21 expression in GC with lymph node metastasis, 56 and 30 GC patients without and with lymph node metastasis were included in the present study, respectively, and in the study reported by chan et al., only 2 and 35 GC patients without and with lymph node metastasis were included, respectively. Other researchers also reported the clinical significance of miR-21expression in human cancers. Yan et al. reported that miR-21 overexpression was correlated with specific breast cancer clinicopathological features, advanced tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor survival of the patients [20]. Other reports showed that miR-21 expression in lung cancer was significantly correlated with advanced TNM stage, presence of lymph node metastasis, and overall survival [24]. This result indicates that miR-21 expression level could be used for the prediction of the clinical outcome. Of course, further prospective studies with a larger cohort are needed to confirm its prognostic significance in GC patients.
In conclusion, high up-regulated expression of miR-21 in GC was correlated with lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, the expression level of miR-21 might be also a potential prognostic factor for GC patients. Further studies are needed to verify the impact of miR-21 expression on gastric cancer, including the metastasis and prognosis.
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About this Journal Submit a Manuscript Table of Contents
Journal of Nanotechnology
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 309093, 6 pages
doi:10.1155/2012/309093
Research Article
Preparation of Mesoporous Silica-Supported Palladium Catalysts for Biofuel Upgrade
Department of Chemical Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
Received 15 February 2012; Accepted 29 March 2012
Academic Editor: Guifu Zou
Copyright © 2012 Ling Fei et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
We report the preparation of two hydrocracking catalysts Pd/CoMoO4/silica and Pd/CNTs/CoMoO4/silica (CNTs, carbon nanotubes). The structure, morphologies, composition, and thermal stability of catalysts were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The catalyst activity was measured in a Parr reactor with camelina fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) as the feed. The analysis shows that the palladium nanoparticles have been incorporated onto mesoporous silica in Pd/CoMoO4/silica or on the CNTs surface in Pd/CNTs/CoMoO4/silica catalysts. The different combinations of metals and supports have selective control cracking on heavy hydrocarbons.
1. Introduction
Large expansion of the human population has caused a sharp increase in energy consumption resulting in a rapid decrease in the earth’s fossil reserves [16]. The combustion of fossil fuels releases a large amount of CO2 and has caused serious climate changes and other global problems [6]. Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters, FAMEs), derived from renewable sources like biomass and animal fats, has been considered as clean, renewable, sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels and has received increasing attention as transportation fuel. A problem with transesterification products is that they are mainly composed of ester, which shows limited compatibility with petroleum-derived fuel because of high oxygen content, lower thermal stability, and poor cold flow properties [6, 7]. Posttreatment processes like hydrocracking or pyrolysis with hydroreforming must then be applied to eliminate oxygen and shorten carbon chains. These processes change the transesterified product to resemble conventional fuel derived from fossil sources [5]. This paper focuses on the preparation of catalysts for the hydrocracking process, which is one of the key processes to convert heavy feedstocks to high-quality fuels like gasoline and middle distillate [815].
The role and importance of catalysts in the hydrocracking processes has been intensely studied [1427]. Generally, the hydrocracking catalysts composed of noble metals or transition metals paired with a mesoporous support have dual functions in the reaction process. These are (a) cracking C–C bonds from high-molecular weight hydrocarbons and (b) hydrogenating the unsaturated hydrocarbons formed in the cracking steps and/or were already present in the feedstock [17, 18]. The most conventional catalysts are NiW, NiMo, and CoMo bimetallic paired on a number of supports, including zeolite, silica-alumina, and alumina [1922]. Recently, Pd-based catalysts have also been widely used due to their high activity on hydrocracking sulfur-free heavy hydrocarbons [2427]. Besides the catalyst compositions, it was also found that the selectivity of a catalyst highly depends on the support materials and dispersion of metals in the supports [16, 26]. Due to specific interaction between metals and supports, different supports can result in distinctive results.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), one of the most important materials since it was discovered, have been widely applied to composite materials, lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors, microelectronics, probe microscopy, and miscellaneous energy storage [28, 29]. Its high accessible surface area and chemical stability also make it a promising candidate for use as a catalyst support. Metal-decorated CNTs applied in the field of catalysis have shown interesting catalytic properties and outstanding performance. For example, Pd-CNT has been proved to be very efficient in catalyzing Suzuki-Miyaura couplings [30, 31]. Inspired by previous reports, we are interested in designing Pd/CoMoO4/silica and Pd/CNTs/CoMoO4/silica catalyst systems for hydrocracking. On the one hand, Pd and CoMoO4 are catalysts for hydrocracking; on the other, the CoMo bimetallic supported on silica has been reported as good catalyst for growing CNTs [32, 33] and has also proven to be effective on hydrodesulphurization, which helps lower the chance of sulfur poisoning the Pd catalyst [34, 35].
Herein, we report the synthesis of two catalysts: Pd directly loaded on a silica support and Pd loaded on CNTs. The performance of the catalytic production of jet fuel range carbon-chained molecules (C8–C16) from camelina fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) shows that the two catalysts have good selectivity in a hydrocracking test.
2. Experimental Procedures
2.1. CoMoO4 Catalyst Prepared by Polymer-Assisted Solution Method
0.291 g Co (NO3)2 · 6H2O and 0.353 g (NH4)6Mo7O24 · 4H2O were dissolved together. 0.808 g ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 1.62 g polyethyleneimine (PEI, 50 wt%, from Sigma-Aldrich, average , ) were dissolved in about 35 mL H2O. The previous two solutions were mixed under magnetic stirring for 10 min. The solution was heated at 600°C in air for 1 hour with a ramping rate of 1°C/min.
2.2. CoMoO4 Catalyst Incorporated into Mesoporous Silica (CoMoO4/Silica)
0.06 g CoMoO4 catalyst was dispersed in deionized water to form a suspension, into which 1 g silica (70–230 mesh, 60 Å) was added. The suspension was aged at room temperature overnight and then heated at 600°C in air for 1 hour with a ramp rate of 1°C/min (6 wt% CoMoO4 loading).
2.3. Pd/CoMoO4/Silica Catalyst by the Reduction of Pd
0.108 g Pd(NO3)2 · 2H2O, 0.294 g sodium citrate, and 0.198 g sodium ascorbate were each dissolved in water in 3 separate tubes. Deionized water was added to 1.56 g CoMoO4/silica, in which Pd(NO3)2 solution was then added under magnetic stirring. Then sodium citrate solution was added to the mixture. After another 10 min, sodium ascorbate was added. The final product was obtained after stirring the mixture solution for 30 min and then drying at 90°C overnight (5 wt% Pd loading).
2.4. Pd/CNTs/CoMoO4/Silica Catalyst
All steps remained the same in the preparation of Pd/CoMoO4/silica, except that CNTs were grown before the reduction of Pd. CNTs were grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD): the CoMoO4/silica was reduced in H2 flow at 500°C for 0.5 hours. The flow was then changed to He for 0.5 hours. Next, the CoMoO4/silica was exposed to a flow of pure C2H2 for 1 hour. Finally, the furnace was cooled to room temperature.
2.5. Characterization
The phase and structure of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using Cu radiation on a powder Scintag XRD operating at 45 kV and 36 mA. The morphology, microstructure, and composition were investigated by H-7650 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and S-3400 N II scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). Raman spectroscopy was performed using 632.8 nm (1.96 eV) laser excitation. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed by Pyris 1 TGA. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area of the samples was determined by an ASAP 2010 using the standard N2 adsorption and desorption isotherm measurements at 77 K.
The hydrocracking of camelina biodiesel reaction was carried out in a PARR 4593 stainless steel bench top reactor accompanied by a 4843 controller unit (Parr Instrument Company). Feedstock camelina fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were fed to the reactor along with 10 wt% of catalyst. The reactor was purged with nitrogen twice to remove oxygen present in the reactor. The temperature was then raised up to 300°C in 25 min, and the reaction was carried out for 2 hours. Hydrogen was supplied to the reactor semicontinuously at 450 psi pressure during entire course of reaction, as it also acted as a carrier gas for removing CO2 and H2O formed during the reaction. After completion of the reaction, the reactor was cooled down to room temperature and the product sample was collected. The crude processed fuel was then analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system composed of an Agilent 5975 C MSD and an Agilent 7890 A GC equipped with a capillary column (DB-23, 60 m × 250 mm × 0.15 mm nominal).
3. Results and Discussion
A recent report on bimetallic catalysts pointed out that chemically bonded bimetallic catalysts have a synergistic effect in reactions and that catalysts with more than two metal substances were mostly prepared by physical mixture method [23]. The method used here to prepare CoMoO4 is polymer-assisted chemical solution method [36, 37]. In the solution, soluble polymers bind to the metal ions to prevent premature precipitation. The calcination removing of polymers leads to high surface area sponge-like oxides. CoMoO4 was then incorporated into silica gel by incipient wetness impregnation. Subsequently, Pd/CoMoO4/silica was obtained by the addition of Pd(NO3)2 precursor and a reducing agent in CoMoO4/silica [38]. The second catalyst, Pd/CoMoO4/CNTs/silica, was prepared in the same procedure, except that CNTs were grown before the Pd-reducing step.
Figure 1(a) shows the XRD pattern of CoMoO4. All the peaks can be indexed to CoMoO4 (JCPDS, number 21-0868). By applying Scherrer’s equation in (1) on three main peaks, the average grain size calculated is around 29 nm: where is the average grain size, factor 0.89 is characteristic of spherical objects, is the X-ray wavelength, is the full-width at half-maximum of the diffraction peaks, and is the diffraction peak angle, respectively.
Figure 1: XRD patterns of CoMoO4 (a), CoMoO4/silica (b), Pd/CoMoO4/silica (c), and EDX of Pd/CoMoO4/silica catalysts (d).
Figure 1(b) shows 6 wt% CoMoO4 incorporated into amorphous mesoporous silica. Only several main peaks of CoMoO4 remain as compared with Figure 1(a) due to its small ratio in silica. In Figure 1(c), 5 wt% palladium is reduced and incorporated into the CoMoO4/silica. The observed Pd (111) peak indicates that Pd(NO3)2 was successfully reduced at room temperature. Since the intensities of palladium and silica background are stronger than CoMoO4 peaks, it is hard to identify CoMoO4 peaks here. In Figure 1(d), the EDX analysis confirms the presence of Co and Mo in the catalysts with the C peak from the carbon grid. The XRD and EDX analyses show that the Pd/CoMoO4/silica catalysts have been synthesized successfully step by step.
For the Pd/CoMoO4/CNTs/silica catalyst, which can be seen in Figure 2(a), the SEM image shows that the catalyst surface is well covered by CNTs, which is consistent with a sharp decrease in BET surface area of the catalyst after CNT growth. The BET surface area of Pd/CoMoO4/silica is 243 m2/g, while Pd/CNTs/CoMoO4/silica is only 8 m2/g. Compared with mesoporous silica with a surface area of 500 m2/g, the lower surface area of Pd/CoMoO4/silica is attributed to the impregnation of CoMoO4 and Pd; the extremely lower surface area of Pd/CNTs/CoMoO4/silica is due to the coverage of CNTs. In the Raman spectrum shown in Figure 2(b), band (~1330 cm−1) and band (~1595 cm−1) indicate the presence of carbon material. High band indicates that lots of defects existed in the CNTs, which corresponded to TEM images (Figure 3(c)) which show that the surface of CNT is in fact not smooth. From TEM images in Figure 3, we can also see that the CNTs are multiwalled with a diameter as large as 150 nm. The rough surface of CNTs is amorphous and good for palladium embedding. As can be confirmed in Figures 3(d), 3(e), and 3(f) palladium particles are almost evenly embedded onto the surface of CNTs. Therefore, even though the BET surface of the Pd/CoMoO4/CNTs/silica is low, the catalytic reaction surface is actually quite large, taking place on the surface of CNTs and guaranteeing the catalytic effectiveness.
Figure 2: SEM image (a) and Raman spectrum (b) of Pd/CNTs/CoMoO4/silica catalysts.
Figure 3: TEM images of CNTs/CoMoO4/silica (a, b, and c) and Pd/CNTs/CoMoO4/silica catalysts (d, e, and f).
As displayed in Figure 4, the TGA curve reveals that the CNTs begin to decompose at around 500°C, which means that the catalyst is stable at the reaction temperature of 300°C. This shows good thermal stability of the catalysts. There is about 45 wt% CNTs in the catalyst. The high percentage of CNTs offers large surface area for catalysts anchoring, leading to high and uniform catalysts dispersion, thus improving catalyst selectivity [26].
Figure 4: TGA curve of Pd/CNTs/CoMoO4/silica catalysts.
The GC-MS analytical results of the upgraded fuel samples are shown in Figure 5. Without catalysts, the target C8–C16 carbon-chained molecules percentage is far lower than 5%, except when looking at C15. In comparison, the two catalysts have obviously increased the target group of hydrocarbons with a different product range. Pd/CoMoO4/silica catalysts are inclusively effective on C8, C14, and C16, while Pd/CNTs/CoMoO4/silica shows a broad range of impact from C10–C16 with C15 as the most favorable product. Due to the short reaction time, few unsaturated hydrocarbons are observed (C14:1, C15:1, C16:1). We speculate that the selectivity shown in the two catalysts is originated from the different dispersion of metals in the two supports. For Pd/CoMoO4/silica, both Pd and CoMoO4 are loaded in mesopores of silica, where they are in close contact and can actively react with feedstock. For Pd/CNTs/CoMoO4/silica, Pd is loaded on the surface of the CNTs while CoMoO4 is loaded in the mesopores of silica. In this case, Pd and CoMoO4 are separated by the second support—CNTs—and have a small chance to cooperate with each other. This separation is indicated by the extremely small BET surface area of Pd/CNTs/CoMoO4/silica.
Figure 5: Hydrocracking performance of Pd/CoMoO4/silica and Pd/CNTs/CoMoO4/silica: C8–C16 fraction before and after hydrocracking. Cn:0 indicates saturated hydrocarbons, and Cn:1 for the unsaturated ones.
For Pd/CoMoO4/silica, the catalyst support is mesoporous silica. When CoMoO4 is loaded on silica, it may locate either on the surface of silica or in the pores of silica. The CoMoO4 coverage of pores in silica results in the decrease of BET surface area. As CNTs grow on CoMoO4 catalysts, CNTs further block the pores of silica. Therefore, it results in sharp decrease of BET surface area. Under this situation, the role of mesoporous silica is not significant for the hydrocracking reaction. However, it is still crucial for the structure and morphology of the catalysts. Because its mesopores offer space for CoMoO4, thus CoMoO4 can evenly load on the support and CNTs can grow on CoMoO4. If without silica, the CoMoO4 may aggregate together. Therefore, the selectivity of the Pd/CoMoO4/silica may be attributed to the synergic effect of Pd and CoMoO4, as Pd/CNTs/CoMoO4/silica only has Pd as the active ingredient. Also, the reaction sites may have influence on the selectivity as well: one with reaction sites in mesopores of silica and the other with reaction sites on CNTs’ surface.
4. Conclusions
Two nanocomposite catalysts, Pd/CoMoO4/silica and Pd/CNTs/CoMoO4/silica, were prepared and their catalytic performance was tested in the hydrocracking of camelina FAMEs. The catalyst supports played important roles in the catalytic process. Different support resulted in different selectivity of specific target groups due to synergism between metals and different reaction sites where the catalysts were loaded. Overall, the two catalysts both show high conversion and selectivity in a hydrocracking catalytic reaction. They are very promising and look to make a large impact in the application of biofuel upgrade.
Acknowledgment
The authors acknowledge the funding support from the Department of Defense, Air Force Research Laboratory, through contract FA8650-11-C-2127. They do not have a conflict of interest and do not have direct financial relation with the commercial identity mentioned in the paper.
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33. V. M. Irurzun, Y. Tan, and D. E. Resasco, “Sol-gel synthesis and characterization of Co-Mo/silica catalysts for single-walled carbon nanotube production,” Chemistry of Materials, vol. 21, no. 11, pp. 2238–2246, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
34. N. Bejenaru, C. Lancelot, P. Blanchard et al., “Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic performances of novel CoMo hydrodesulfurization catalysts supported on mesoporous aluminas,” Chemistry of Materials, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 522–533, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
35. Y. Fan, G. Shi, H. Liu, and X. Bao, “Selectivity enhancement of Co-Mo/Al2O3 FCC gasoline hydrodesulfurization catalysts via incorporation of mesoporous Si-SBA-15,” Fuel, vol. 90, no. 5, pp. 1717–1722, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
36. Q. X. Jia, T. M. McCleskey, A. K. Burrell et al., “Polymer-assisted deposition of metal-oxide films,” Nature Materials, vol. 3, no. 8, pp. 529–532, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
37. Q. Lin, Y. Xu, E. Fu, et al., “Polymer-assisted chemical solution approach to YVO4:Eu nanoparticle networks,” Journal of Materials Chemistry, vol. 22, pp. 5835–5839, 2012.
38. X. S. Shen, G. Z. Wang, X. Hong, and W. Zhu, “Shape-controlled synthesis of palladium nanoparticles and their SPR/SERS properties,” Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 440–446, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
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Bibliography: Cover: The Last Unicorn
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Title: Cover: The Last Unicorn
Authors: Diane Dillon and Leo Dillon
Year: 2007
Type: COVERART
ISFDB Record Number: 1212624
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Copyright (c) 1995-2011 Al von Ruff.
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National Intelligence University Academic Launches Attack Against Digital Currencies
September 2, 2011
By
Cody Monk of the National Intelligence University and The Naval Postgraduate School recently co-authored a paper entitled Shadowy Figures: Tracking Illicit Financial Transactions In The Murky World of Digital Currencies, Peer-to-Peer Networks, and Mobile Device Payments with John Vaillasenor (Brookings Institute) and Christopher Bronk (Baker Institute at Rice University).
In the paper, the authors argue for massive government regulation and clandestine surveillance in all digital currency markets, declaring that “The US government should establish an inter-agency government/industry working group or expand the charter of an existing group to focus specifically on emerging financial threats” and that those groups should focus on “identifying and eliminating vulnerabilities in financial transactions systems that might be exploited to delete or alter records of illicit transactions.” In other words, government needs to create a regulatory and intelligence framework that prevents any anonymous transactions in digital currencies from occurring.
The article goes on to define the regulatory attacks government bureaucracies should play out:
Second, information processing methods that can appropriately detect and trace illicit financial transactions should be developed or, if they exist already in other fields or applications, adopted. One useful precedent lies in methods for anonymizing customer data to allow analysis while simultaneously preserving privacy in more traditional consumer Internet applications. Similarly anonymized data could be generated for transactions conducted using MMT or virtual currencies, and only under proper legal authority could attempts be made to reduce the anonymity of a particular transaction.
They also argue for making it illegal to conduct a cash-for-digital transaction without the transaction being recorded on video tape.
The paper concludes by arguing that the State should create “collaborations, regulatory frameworks, and technologies” that allow the State to track the movements of digital currencies.
Of course, the authors frame their argument for the total destruction of privacy under the auspices of preventing “terrorism”, but it doesn’t take a rocket scientist to understand that the real reason they want total control over the currency markets is because they want to make sure the government can loot the people that use them.
If a currency market is totally anonymous, government looters don’t know who they should threaten with violence in order to collect their “protection” money.
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This article is part of the series 12th Trends in NanoTechnology International Conference (TNT2011).
Nano Express
Different interface orientations of pentacene and PTCDA induce different degrees of disorder
Angela Poschlad1,2, Velimir Meded1,2, Robert Maul1 and Wolfgang Wenzel2*
Author affiliations
1 Steinbuch Centre for Computing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
2 Institute for Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
For all author emails, please log on.
Citation and License
Nanoscale Research Letters 2012, 7:248 doi:10.1186/1556-276X-7-248
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.nanoscalereslett.com/content/7/1/248
Received:11 January 2012
Accepted:17 April 2012
Published:14 May 2012
© 2012 Poschlad et al.; licensee Springer.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Organic polymers or crystals are commonly used in manufacturing of today‘s electronically functional devices (OLEDs, organic solar cells, etc). Understanding their morphology in general and at the interface in particular is of paramount importance. Proper knowledge of molecular orientation at interfaces is essential for predicting optoelectronic properties such as exciton diffusion length, charge carrier mobility, and molecular quadrupole moments. Two promising candidates are pentacene and 3,4:9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA). Different orientations of pentacene on PTCDA have been investigated using an atomistic molecular dynamics approach. Here, we show that the degree of disorder at the interface depends largely on the crystal orientation and that more ordered interfaces generally suffer from large vacancy formation.
Keywords:
Organic interfaces; Organic electronic devices; Interface disorder; Molecular dynamics; PTCDA; Pentacene
Background
Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic solar cells, organic thin films transistors, etc. are made of organic polymers or crystals [1-3]. The effect of the disorder in organic devices on optoelectronic properties was analyzed by Rim et al. [4]. They showed an increased photocurrent generation with improved molecular order. It occurs due to the influence of the stacking on the exciton diffusion length. Hu et al. measured a strong dependence of the conductance across highly oriented pentacene nanocrystals on the packing orientation [5]. The influence of packing on charge transport in organic solids was also analyzed using Monte Carlo methods [6]. Kwiatkowski et al. [6] were able to predict the mobilities of electron and holes for ordered and disordered Alq3. Different functional organic materials were reviewed by Ishii et al. [7]. They highlighted the energy level alignment and electronic structures at organic/inorganic and organic/organic interfaces of, for example, Alq3, 3,4:9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) and 1,4,5,8-tetrathiafulvalene (TTF).
In our work, the morphology of interfaces between pentacene [8] and PTCDA [9] was analyzed (Figure 1a). Both molecules form different crystal modifications. Pentacene is known to have a high temperature (HT) and a low temperature (LT) polymorph. Yoneya et al. [8] showed that the LT polymorph is destabilized by substrates and transforms into HT polymorph. Therefore, the HT polymorph was used as the base for simulations. For PTCDA, the αpolymorph [9] was used.
Figure 1. Pentacene and PTCDA: Chemical formulas and interface formation. (a) Chemical formulas of PTCDA (top) and pentacene (bottom) are presented. (b) Example of the realistic interface formed by PTCDA (212) on pentacene (100). After full MD relaxation cycle, pentacene molecules have closed the holes coming from the zigzag nature of the PTCDA surface in a disordered fashion. (c) Example of the realistic interface formed by PTCDA (212) on pentacene (001). After full MD relaxation cycle, pentacene molecules remain in crystalline structure forming vacancies coming from the zigzag nature of the PTCDA surface.
Molecular orientation at interfaces is decisive for predicting optoelectronic properties such as exciton diffusion length [10], charge carrier mobility [11], and molecular quadrupole moments [12]. Verlaak et al. analyzed the impact of the molecular quadrupole moments, influenced by e. g., material and crystal orientation on the interface energetics. An insight on models of electronic processes across organic interfaces is given by Beljonne et al. [13], while a review of the corresponding theoretical approaches is presented by Brédas [14].
Our study of organic-organic pentacene/PDCDA interfaces is organized as follows: after a brief introduction presented above, we proceed with the presentation of the methods followed by the results and some conclusive remarks.
Methods
The molecular dynamic (MD) simulations of the interfaces between PTCDA and pentacene have been performed with the atomistic molecular dynamics package GROMACS (Stockholm Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm, Sweden and Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden) [15] using the generalized amber force field (GAFF) parameterization [16] for organic molecules, having Yoneya et al.’s work [8] in mind, and ESP charges [17] calculated with the semi-empirical quantum chemistry package MOPAC (Stewart Computational Chemistry, Colorado Springs, CO, USA) [18]. The parameter conversion from amber to GROMACS was done with the help of Antechamber python parser interface (ACPYPE) [19], the recommended tool for using GAFF with GROMACS, cf [8,20-22]. After simulation, a check of basic molecule parameters was done and the results for the example of pentacene are presented in Table 1. A more detailed report on relative errors in energy, dehidrals, etc can be found in the ACPYPE wiki [23].
Table 1. Comparison of calculated and experimental relevant parameters
The systems were simulated with a step size of 0.5 fs for more than 3 ns at a temperature of 300 K using a Berendsen thermostat [26] for temperature control. The van der Waals cut-off was set to 1.2 nm, the Coulomb cut-off to 5 nm and the relative permittivity was set to four which was taken from Wang et al. [27]. No periodic boundary conditions were used owing to the different crystal lattices.
Three surfaces were chosen and combined. For pentacene the surfaces (100), (010), and (001) were used and for PTCDA the surfaces used are (102), (-221), and (212) as defined by Miller indices. The combination of these surfaces led to nine different interface facets, e. g., (212) on (010) and (-221) on (001), as depicted in Figure 1b,c showing their relaxed structures, leaving rotation and translation as degrees of freedom. An optimal relative orientation within each of these nine facets was found by performing four simulations each with relative orientations from being twisted against each other. After a total energy comparison, the structure with the lowest mean energy per molecule of the fully relaxed systems was chosen. As an example, the energy-evolution for the interface facet (-221)//(100) is shown in Figure 2. The set of simulations were done on systems arranged to fill a 10 × 10 × 10 nm3 cube with each crystal type, filling half the space.
Figure 2. Time-evolution of mean energy per molecule for the four interfaces of (-221) PTCDA and (100) pentacene. The triangles mark the mean energy at subsequent time steps where each relative orientation is represented by a different color. After few hundred picoseconds, equilibrium is reached and the energy, driven by the given temperature, fluctuates around an average value. The dashed lines represent the average energy between 1.5 ns and 3 ns of simulation time.
Results and discussion
In order to quantify the disorder at the pentacene/PTCDA interface, we used distribution of ϕ, defined as the angle between the molecular and the interface plane (or rather their respective normals) as shown in Figure 3. Owing to the fact that the molecules will start to relax, they will start to deviate from the bulk values. The more molecules have different ϕ, the more disordered is the structure.
Figure 3. Definition of the angle defining the molecular orientation along with a distribution at one interface. (a) ϕis the angle between the normal of the molecule plane and the normal of the interface plane (z-axis), i. e. the angle between the molecule plane and the interface plane. (b) Distribution of the angle ϕ(blue area) for the relaxed pentacene molecules at the interface of (-221)//(100) (pictogram in the left upper corner). Contributing pentacene molecules have a PTCDA neighbor with maximal atom-atom distance of 0.4 nm. The red dashed lines at 145.5 degree and 157 degree mark the values for the ideal morphology.
In the histograms of Figure 4, the y-axis was defined as distance in Å from the (ideal) interface in z-direction, while the x-axis shows the angle distribution. Light blue regions mark the disordered regions. Two clear patterns can be observed: 1) size of the disordered region can vary from 2 to 16 Å, and 2) the disorder seems to spread asymmetrically from the ideal interface, clearly preferring pentacene-rich regions. The first pattern can be explained as having two competing effects at the interface, one being the optimization of the intermolecular distance/interaction and the other being the conservation of bulk properties. The second pattern can be understood in the light of much stronger ΠΠ stacking of the PTCDA molecules, leading to a stronger intermolecular interactions, and greater energies are required to disrupt these molecules from their bulk positions when compared to pentacene bulk.
Figure 4. Angular distribution of angleϕas function of distance from the interface. The 2d-histograms (a–i) show the angle ϕdepending on the distance to the interface at z=0, where ϕis the angle between the molecule plane and the interface plane (see Figure 3a). The distance to the interface is given as the z coordinate of the molecule center in Å. Each histogram represents the results for one of the interface facets configurations given in Miller indices (001), (010), and (100) for pentacene (as marked on the right side of the histograms) and as (102), (212) and (-221) for PTCDA (as marked above the histograms). The box size is proportional to the number of occurrence. The interface location is emphasized by a dashed line with PTCDA located above and pentacene below it. The region of disorder is marked in light blue. Outside the light blue area the crystals are in their bulk phase. The corresponding relaxed crystal morphology is represented by the inset molecular structure.
Conclusions
Analysis of PTCDA/pentacene interfaces was performed with two emerging messages: there seems to be two competing effects, one coming from intermolecular interaction, which leads to disordered interfaces, while the other coming from the preservation of bulk properties results in large interfacial vacancies. Both of the effects would lead to dramatically diminished transport properties. Namely, increased disorder would cause greater energy disorder of the interfacial hopping sites, while interfacial vacancies would lead to diminished intermolecular overlaps, or hopping matrix elements. Whether which of the competing effects is influencing more the hopping transport properties is the focus of our ongoing research. Our second observation is that pentacene seems to be, in general, a more flexible material, which can be observed from the fact that the disordered regions are predominantly pentacene-rich.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Author’s contributions
AP carried out the molecular dynamics calculations, the setup of the initial system and helped in drafting of the manuscript, and revisions. VM helped in analysis and interpretation of data, and drafted the manuscript and revisions. RM provided the calculation of the partial charges. WW participated in the design of the study, formulated the original scientific question and helped in analysis and interpretation of data. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Authors’ information
AP is Ph.D. student, VM and RM have Ph.D. degree in physics, and WW is an associate professor at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by bwGRiD resources and the FP7 project MINOTOR. bwGRiD is the central collection of computing power within the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg operated by eight universities, providing access for local researchers. Further thanks go to Ivan Kondov from SCC/KIT.
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5. Hu W-S, Tao Y-T, Chen Y-F, Chang C-S: Orientation-dependent conductance study of pentacene nanocrystals by conductive atomic force microscopy.
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7. Ishii H, Sugiyama K, Ito E, Seki K: Energy level alignment and interfacial electronic structures at organic/metal and organic/organic Interfaces.
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8. Yoneya M, Kawasaki M, Ando M: Molecular dynamics simulations of pentacene thin films: The effect of surface on polymorph selection.
J Mater Chem 2010, 20:10397-10402. Publisher Full Text
9. Ogawa T, Kuwamoto K, Isoda S, Kobayashi T, Karl N: 3,4:9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) by electron crystallography.
Acta Cryst B 1999, 55:123-130. Publisher Full Text
10. Najafov H, Lee B, Zhou Q, Feldman L, Podzorov V: Observation of long-range exciton diffusion in highly ordered organic semiconductors.
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11. Vehoff T, Baumeier B, Troisi A, Andrienko D: Charge transport in organic crystals: role of disorder and topological connectivity.
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12. Verlaak S, Beljonne D, Cheyns D, Rolin C, Linares M, Castet F, Cornil J, Heremans P: Electronic structure and geminate pair energetics at organic–organic interfaces: the case of pentacene/C60 heterojunctions.
Adv Func Mat 2009, 19:3809-3814. Publisher Full Text
13. Beljonne D, Cornil J, Muccioli L, Zannoni CJ, Castet F: Electronic processes at organic-organic interfaces: insight from modeling and implications for opto-electronic devices.
Chem Mater 2011, 23:591-609. Publisher Full Text
14. Brédas J, Norton J, Cornil J, Coropceanu V: Molecular understanding of organic solar cells: the challenges.
Acc Chem Res 2009, 42:1691-1699. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
15. Lindahl E, Hess B, van der Spoel D: GROMACS 3.0: a package for molecular simulation and trajectory analysis.
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16. Wang J, Wolf R, Caldwell J, Kollman P, Case D: Development and testing of a general amber force field.
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17. Singh UC, Kollman PA: An approach to computing electrostatic charges for molecules.
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18. Stewart JJP: Optimization of parameters for semiempirical methods V: modification of NDDO approximations and application to 70 elements.
J Mol Modeling 2007, 13:1173-1213. Publisher Full Text
19. Sousa da Silva A, Vranken W, Laue E: ACPYPE - Antechamber python parser interface. [ http://code.google.com/p/acpype/ webcite]
20. Ramalho TC, França TC, Cortopassi WA, Gonçalves AS, da Silva AW, da Cunha EF: Topology and dynamics of the interaction between 5-nitroimidazole radiosensitizers and duplex DNA studied by a combination of docking, molecular dynamic simulations and NMR spectroscopy.
J Mol Struc 2011, 992:65-71. Publisher Full Text
21. Punkvang A, Saparpakorn P, Hannongbuam S, Wolschann P, Beyer A, Pungpo P: Investigating the structural basis of arylamides to improve potency against M. tuberculosis strain through molecular dynamics simulations.
Europ J Med Chem 2010, 45:5585-5593. Publisher Full Text
22. Balajee R, Rajan MSD: Molecular docking and simulation studies of farnesyl trasnferase with the potential inhibitor theflavin.
J Appl Pharm Sci 2011, 8:141-148.
23. ACPYPE Wiki: Testing ACPYPE amb2gmx function [ http://code.google.com/p/acpype/wiki/TestingAcpypeAmb2gmx webcite]
24. Campbell RB, Robertson MJ, Trotter J: The crystal and molecular structure of pentacene.
Acta Cryst 1961, 14:705. Publisher Full Text
25. Endres RG, Fong CY, Yang LH, Witte G, Wöll C: Structural and electronic properties of pentacene molecule and molecular pentacene solid.
Comp Mat Sci 2004, 29:362-370. Publisher Full Text
26. Berendsen HJC, Postma JPM, van Gunsteren W F, DiNola A, Haak JR: Molecular dynamics with coupling to an external bath.
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27. Wang Y, Chengb H, Wanga Y, Hub T, Hob J, Leeb C, Leia T, Yeha C: Influence of measuring environment on the electrical characteristics of pentacene-based thin film transistors.
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IGEM:NYMU/2011
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Enabling magnetotactic bacteria to be neurosymbiosis with glia cells.
Enabling magnetotactic bacteria to be neurosymbiosis with glia cells.
+
[[Image:2011slogan ok.png]]
[[Image:2011slogan ok.png]]
Current revision
Tailoring Your Avator
Contents
Goal
Create wireless neuro-stimulator, focusing on achieving remote neuro-stimulation to minimize invasion and damage to the neuron.
Why Do We Want to Do That?
Optogenetics, the latest neuroscientific method, has improved specificity for stimulating certain cell types of neurons, reversible bi-directional stimulation, and elevated spatiotemporal precision. However, to achieve neuronal network stimulation, light cables are still needed, leaving long-standing annoying issues regarding immune responses unresolved.
Specific Aims
(1) Wireless stimulation for neurons
(2) Minimization of neuro-immuno response
Our Design
To achieve this goal, we use a species of magnetic bacterium, Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1. We have chosen mms13, a transmembrane protein as our target for protein design in this bacterium, as it serves as a linker between reception of wireless magnetic field and optogenetic neuro-stimulation output. Regarding the neuroimmune response, we have utilized three genes to achieveneurosymbiosis within glial cells: MinC</b>, a division inhibitor,<b>INV</b>, a gene for invasion and <b>LLO</b>, a gene for facilitating escapes from phagosomes.
Our design is made up of the following two devices:
(1)Optomagnetic Design
Bridging magnetics and optogenetics.
(2)NeuroSymbiosis
Enabling magnetotactic bacteria to be neurosymbiosis with glia cells.
Personal tools
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Lon Chubiz
From OpenWetWare
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Bio
Graduate Activities
• Member OWW Steering Committee
• Internal Vice-President ChBE Graduate Student Advisory Council
• Teaching Assisant (Process Dynamics and Control, Mass Transfer and Separations, Fluid Mechanics, Unit Operations)
Research
Translational regulation and control strategies.
Interests
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Corum:Plaque Counting
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Contents
Overview
Phage quantification by E. coli counting plaque forming units (PFU).
Materials
• 50 μL overnight E. coli miniculture (Host B for T7 phage (Carolina 124300), Host C for ΦX174 (Carolina 12440))
• 5 ml warmed LB broth
• Sterilized soft agar (5 g LB broth powder + 1.1 g Bacto-agar in 200 mL water)
• 3 warmed LB plate
• Diluted phage sample
Procedure
1. Inoculate LB with miniculture.
2. Grow in shaker 37 °C 3-4 hr to OD600 = 1.
3. Liquify soft-agar in microwave. Incubate in 50 °C water bath 10 min.
4. Add the following in order to the LB plates in parallel triplicate:
• 100 μL diluted phage sample
• 200 μL OD600 = 1 cell culture
• 3 mL soft agar
5. Gently swirl the petri dish to homogenize materials.
6. Incubate on bench 10 min.
7. Incubate overnight 37 °C.
8. In the morning, count and average the plaques.
9. Convert to PFU/mL by multiplying the average plaque count by 10 and then by the dilution factor.
Notes
Please feel free to post comments, questions, or improvements to this protocol. Happy to have your input!
1. List troubleshooting tips here.
2. You can also link to FAQs/tips provided by other sources such as the manufacturer or other websites.
3. Anecdotal observations that might be of use to others can also be posted here.
Please sign your name to your note by adding '''*~~~~''': to the beginning of your tip.
Contact
or instead, discuss this protocol.
Digital Signature
• SC 17:46, 28 June 2012 (EDT):
Personal tools
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Click on a word to bring up parses, dictionary entries, and frequency statistics
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License.
An XML version of this text is available for download, with the additional restriction that you offer Perseus any modifications you make. Perseus provides credit for all accepted changes, storing new additions in a versioning system.
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Citation URN: urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0093.tlg009.perseus-grc1:24.3
Document URN: urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0093.tlg009.perseus-grc1
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Microsoft and Dell Partner Up for Default Search Toolbar Integration
Dec 9, 2008 • 9:47 am | (0) by | Filed Under Bing Search
In a report by ZDNet, Microsoft and Dell have arrived at an agreement that new Dell computers will be shipped with the Live search bar preinstalled -- instead of Google's.
This is really big news for Microsoft (and as one suggests, even for Google shareholders). Having a preinstalled brand is a big deal, and with Microsoft being the preinstalled brand, this is huge for them.
It's possible, though, that this implementation (which hasn't been confirmed by Microsoft OR Dell), may be a problem in Europe.
The (potential) problem for DELL and Microsoft is that in the EU at least it's illegal to use a (de-facto) monopoly to gain market advantage in other areas.
But while Microsoft isn't a monopoly in terms of search, perhaps that won't necessarily be an issue. Of course, we'll see how this plays out when the companies confirm the partnership.
Forum discussion continues at WebmasterWorld.
Previous story: Yahoo Search Still Not Listening to 301 Redirects
blog comments powered by Disqus
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CMD sent two reporters to track ALEC in Oklahoma
Click here to help support our future investigations.
Mont Pelerin Society
From SourceWatch
Jump to: navigation, search
The Mont Pelerin Society (MPS) is an international organisation, consisting of "free-market" economists, business leaders and journalists with a declared objective of "reaffirming and preserving private property rights, a moral code for both public and private activity, intellectual freedom, state behaviour limited by the rule of law, and ‘the right of each individual to plan his own life’." MPS's website warns of "danger in the expansion of government, not least in state welfare, in the power of trade unions and business monopoly, and in the continuing threat and reality of inflation." [1]
MPS has close ties to the network of think tanks sponsored in part by the Atlas Economic Research Foundation.
The Society is named after the hotel near Montreux, Switzerland, where the first meeting was convened in 1947 by F.A. Hayek, to combat the “state ascendancy and Marxist or Keynesian planning [that was] sweeping the globe”. Since then, 32 General and 27 Regional Meetings have been held and its membership has risen from under 50 to over 500.
Contents
Controversial Members (Current and Former)
Influence
MPS founder F. A. Hayek stressed that the society was to be a scholarly community arguing ideas against collectivism while not engaging in public relations or propaganda. However, the society has always been a focal point for the international free market think-tank movement: Hayek himself used it as a forum to encourage members such as Antony Fisher to pursue the think-tank route in favour of politics. Fisher went on the establish the Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA) in London during 1971, the Heritage Foundation in Washington, D.C. during 1973, and the Atlas Economic Research Foundation in 1981. In turn the Atlas Foundation supports a wide network of think-tanks, including the Fraser Institute and the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research. All these organisations continue to share close ties with the MPS.
Prominent MPS members who have advanced to policy positions include Chancellor Ludwig Erhard of West Germany, President Luigi Einaudi of [[]]Italy, Chairman Arthur Burns of the U.S. Federal Reserve Board, and, currently, Prime Minister Vaclav Klaus of the Czech Republic. Eight MPS members, including F. A. Hayek, Milton Friedman, and George Stigler, won Nobel prizes in economics. Of 76 economic advisers on Ronald Reagan's 1980 campaign staff, 22 were MPS members, including Anderson himself. [2] The British economist John Jewkes was a former President of the Society.
History
In 1947, "36 scholars, mostly economists, with some historians and philosophers, were invited by Professor Friedrich Hayek to meet at Mont Pelerin, Switzerland, and discuss the state, and possible fate, of liberalism". Invitees included Henry Simons (who would later train Milton Friedman, later a president of the society, at the University of Chicago); the American former-Fabian socialist Walter Lippmann; Viennese Aristotelian Society leader Karl Popper; fellow Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises; Sir John Clapham, a senior official of the Bank of England who from 1940-46 was the president of the British Royal Society; Otto von Hapsburg, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne; and Max von Thurn und Taxis, Bavaria-based head of the 400-year-old Venetian Thurn und Taxis family."[3]
"The resulting Mont Pelerin Society aimed to 'facilitate an exchange of ideas between like-minded scholars in the hope of strengthening the principles and practice of a free society and to study the workings, virtues, and defects of market-oriented economic systems.'"[4]
Board Members (2011)
President
Senior Vice President
• Deepak Lal, United States, and past President (2008-2010)
Secretary
Treasurer
Vice Presidents
Directors
Richard Wong, China
Past Board of Directors (2007)
Contact detail
Web: http://www.montpelerin.org
External links
Cite error: <ref> tags exist, but no <references/> tag was found
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User:Hopspitfire
From WebOS Internals
Jump to: navigation, search
You can email me: matt [at] xerq [dawt] net
or, you can post on my Talk Page (updates get texted to me)
If you would like to use the above for your background:
Personal tools
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WebOS Internals is Hosted by
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Tell me more ×
Answers OnStartups is a question and answer site for entrepreneurs looking to start or run a new business. It's 100% free, no registration required.
We are a newly formed corporation in NY and have just drafted our first shareholders' agreement. There are five shareholders in all but only four of us have signed the agreement. We are acting as if the agreement is valid and binding and the fifth shareholder has made no indication that he does not conform to the terms of the agreement. He has not, however, made any affirmative indication that he does agree. What is the effect of our agreement, it being only signed by four of the five shareholders. Is it valid and enforceable or somehow void under the statute of frauds? Please help. Thank you.
share|improve this question
6 Answers
You have not described the substance of the agreement, so it is difficult to know what the agreement is trying to accomplish.
That said, the agreement is among, and binds, the shareholders who have signed it. The fifth shareholder is not bound by the agreement. Given that the shareholders are legal persons separate from the corporation, there is no requirement (unless the agreement, itself, imposes one) that all shareholders must sign for the agreement to take effect.
You should assess whether one non-participating s/h will frustrate the purpose of the agreement and, if that will be the case, you should redouble your efforts to gain his participation.
Your situation is a good example of why such agreements should be signed before, rather than after, shares are issued.
Disclaimer: This post does not constitute legal advice and does not establish an attorney-client relationship.
share|improve this answer
For the purpose of answering assume he is not a party to the agreement. Do shareholder agremeents need to be signed by each and every shareholder in order to have effect? It is not as if he does not agree to the terms, we just want to know the legal effect of the document being that it is unsigned by one shareholder.
share|improve this answer
My law school memory is a bit hazy, but I am pretty sure that the Statute of Frauds does not apply here.
My thoughts (this does not constitute legal advice!)
• The unsigned partner is not bound at this time
• His indications or lack thereof are worthless to determine anything at this point
• Why can't you contact him?
• Do you want him in or out (if out, create a new contract without him)
Again, you must consult with an attorney in your jurisdiction (and the Corporation's jurisdiction if different from your physical location)
Also note that the "corporation" itself should technically have a different attorney than the individual partners of the Corporation due to inherent conflicts of interest.
Good Luck!
share|improve this answer
Without giving legal advice about the current situation, what if you created a new agreement which left out the fifth person, then make a board decision to include the fifth person if (s)he wishes (with a expiration date).
That is, get something finished with the people who will participate and make the other optional. If this person is supposed to be vital to the company and you can't even get a signature on something that provides that person with something of tangible value, that sounds like a person you shouldn't be working with!
share|improve this answer
As usual you should get legal advice, however I doubt that the agreement is valid unless signed by all shareholders.
share|improve this answer
A shareholders' Agreement does not necessarily have to be signed by all shareholders.The shareholders' agreement would be valid. Indeed, a few shareholders may sometimes be involved in a project, an investment, ... which may not involve all the shareholders of a Company.
However if the Fifth Shareholder is included(Rights, obligations...) in the agreement, he has to sign, otherwise the agreement wouldn't be enforceable.
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Mozilla Scheduled Downtime – 10/21/2008, 7pm – 11pm PDT (0200 – 0600 10/22/2008 UTC)
mrz
We will have a scheduled maintenance window tonight from 7pm to 11:00pm PDT. This is being tracked in master bug 460825. The following changes will take place:
• 7:00pm PDT (0200 UTC) support.mozilla.com updates. We’ll be updating support.mozilla.com to pick up code updates. No downtime is expected.
• 7:00pm PDT (0200 UTC) Mailman / mailing list upgrades. We’ll be upgrading Mailman to 2.1.11 and upgrading the host OS to RHEL5. This will affect all mailing lists and all email services under mail.mozilla.org, mozilla.org and bugzilla.org. Duration 3 hours.
• 7:30pm PDT (0230 UTC) mail.mozilla.com / Zimbra Upgrade. We’ll be upgrading Zimbra to 5.0.10. Duration 3-4 hours.
• 8:00pm PDT (0300 UTC) ) MDC / developer.mozilla.org updates. We’ll be moving developer.mozilla.org completely behind SSL. No downtime is expected.
Please let me know if you have any reason why we should not proceed with this planned maintenance. As always, we aim to keep downtime to as little as possible, but unexpected complications can arise causing longer downtime periods than expected. All systems should be operational by the end of the maintenance window.
As mentioned, this maintenance window is tracked in bug 460825. Feel free to comment directly in that bug (or this blog) if you see issues past the planned downtime.
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Kurobox Hardware and Description
From NAS-Central Buffalo - The Linkstation Wiki
Revision as of 00:51, 1 July 2006 by Ramuk (Talk | contribs)
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What is the KuroBox?
The KuroBox is a small-footprint Embedded Linux-based platform for a personal server.
The current incarnation of the KuroBox, the KuroBox/HG, sports a 266Mhz PowerPC processor, 128MB of RAM, 2 USB 2.0 Ports, and a 10/100/1000Mbit network interface. The KuroBox comes without a hard drive, but can hold any standard IDE (parallel ATA, not SATA) 3.5" drive. The KuroBox runs on a Linux kernel, and has multiple options for actual distribution. Actually, any Linux distribution that supports PPC will work, but so far the community has ported over Gentoo, Debian, Fedora and Sylver's Distro (which is the current incarnation of the Kuro's original embedded distribution).
To give you a rough idea about the KuroBox/HG's power, it can transcode (decode and then re-encode to another bitrate) MP3's using LAME at about 25% faster than realtime. While not as fast as today's modern PC's, this is coming from a box that uses 17 Watts of juice. The tiny onboard fan (used to dissipate the hard drive's heat) is ultra-quiet at 22dB.
The KuroBox is not for the faint of heart -- there is no graphical installer, no "click here to launch your web server" button. However, if you know a little about Linux, or are willing to learn, the KuroBox is an excellent platform for a small space server.
Kanji for Kuro Box
Revogear
More details on the current KuroBox can be found at revogear.com. Revogear is a division of Buffalo Technology(USA) which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Melco.
Please email questions to John (at) revogear.com
Kurobox Specifications
Template:Kuroboxhardware
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An Undergraduate Design Experience in Digital Logic Design Course of Special Purpose Arithmetic Logic Unit Using Multisim, Ultiboard and Print Circuit Board
Qasem Abu Al-Haija, Hasan Al-Amri, Mohamed Al-Nashri, Sultan Al-Muhaisen
Abstract
Project-Based Curriculum (PBC) is considered one of the most powerful methods in the engineering education where each course or courses-cluster is assigned a design project which considers a series of inter-related concepts that have been shown theoretically for the students. Using this approach, the student will gain the required knowledge in an atmosphere of groups of teams where students can experience and learn the most needed inquiry, research tools and skills, teamwork skills, leadership skills, accountability, communication skills, interdisciplinary experience, curiosity, planning skills, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. In this article, an undergraduate design experience in digital logic design course of special purpose arithmetic logic unit using Multisim, Y-0010/0020 Experiment Sets and Ulti-Board Kit is presented as an integral part of several electrical engineering courses throughout the curriculum at King Faisal University. The project was very beneficial in assessing the student outcomes a, c, d, e and k which introduced by ABET accreditation criteria.
Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.5539/ies.v6n3p116
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
International Education Studies ISSN 1913-9020 (Print), ISSN 1913-9039 (Online)
Copyright © Canadian Center of Science and Education
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You are here: Home » Content
The content in Connexions comes in two formats: modules, which are like small "knowledge chunks," and collections, groups of modules structured into books or course notes, or for other uses. Our open license allows for free use and reuse of all our content.
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Wikia
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Gift of LifeEdit
Benefit: The deity restores the dead creature to life, no matter how long the creature has been dead or what the condition of the body.
Notes: This ability works like the true resurrection spell, except that there is no material component and the amount of time the subject has been dead is irrelevant.
This ability can restore a creature to life against its will, but only with the permission of whatever deity rules the underworld or the divine realm where the mortal’s soul resides. This ability can resurrect an elemental or outsider and can resurrect a creature whose soul is trapped, provided the soul is not held by a deity of higher rank than the one using this ability.
This ability cannot restore life to a creature that has been slain by the Hand of Death ability or the Life and Death ability of a deity with a higher rank.
Suggested Portfolio Elements: Healing, life.
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Difference between revisions of "RPi Buying Guide"
From eLinux.org
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(Sales order numbers)
(1st Batch Order FAQ)
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The email contained the same information about the announcement as was publicly posted on the website (28th Feb 2012) before launch day, no additional or extra information was given through the email.
The email contained the same information about the announcement as was publicly posted on the website (28th Feb 2012) before launch day, no additional or extra information was given through the email.
+
+
====Q: What shipping has happened?====
+
[http://elinux.org/RPi_Shipping]
=Licensed Manufacture=
=Licensed Manufacture=
Revision as of 13:24, 20 April 2012
Contents
Back to the Hub
Getting Started:
Buying Guide - for advice on buying the Raspberry Pi.
SD Card Setup - for information on how to prepare the SD Card used to boot your Raspberry Pi.
Basic Setup - for help with buying / selecting other hardware and setting it up.
Beginners Guide - you are up and running, now what can you do?
Advanced Setup - for more extensive information on setting up.
Trouble Shooting - some things to check if things don't work as expected.
Ordering
Raspberry Pi has appointed Premier Farnell and RS Components as its authorised manufacturing distributors.
If you see the units for sale from other sources (in particular eBay), it is likely that they are at BEST hopeful resellers, or SCAM sites, either way units will not be available any sooner than through the above distributors, or you will pay far more than it is worth (if you get it at all).
Raspberry Pi's distributors will ship worldwide to the best of their ability (ie subject to origin export and local import laws).
Countries that are currently subject to UK (including EU and UN) export restrictions include North Korea, Iran, Ivory Coast, Liberia and Zimbabwe. A full list and further details are provided at [1]
For shipping costs, please refer to the websites of the authorised resellers.
Distributor Links
Buying Links By Country to order from your part of the world (includes direct links to the product and additional details about each local distributor etc, or see the worldwide links below.
Farnell Worldwide
Premier Farnell also trades worldwide under the names Farnell, Element14, Newark Electronics, CPC and MCM Electronics.
Farnell Worldwide Links
Farnell Partner Sites:
CPC
Newark Electronics
RS Components Worldwide
RS Components also trades worldwide under the names Electrocomponents, Allied Electronics and DesignSpark.
RS-Components Worldwide Links
Sales order numbers
• Allied Electronics: 70229569
• CPC Farnell: SC12590
• Farnell, Element 14: 2081185 or 83T1943
• FarnellNewark.br: currently unknown
• Newark: 83T1943
• RS, Electrocomponents: currently unknown. To order from RS or Electrocomponents, please fill in their expression of interest page to be added to the queue. When they are ready to fulfil, they'll invite you to complete a secure payment form.
1st Production Run & Release
The initial 10,000 RaspberryPi Boards have sold out. Preorders for coming batches are possible.
1. The foundation have built an initial run of 10,000 Model-B units.
2. Due to extreme demand, the units will be NOT sold directly from the shop (see #Licensed Manufacture below).
3. You may buy a Raspberry Pi from Farnell or from RS Components
4. A limit of one unit per person - unfortunately this also means no combined shipping for this batch (demand depends how long this will be enforced)*
5. Normal unlimited sales should take place quickly after.
* There were reports that several people ordered multiple units at launch,
however it appears that Farnell removed any excess items when they reviewed
and confirmed the order for shipping dates.
This has also appears to apply for the pre-orders they have taken.
1st Batch Order FAQ
NOTE: While every attempt has been made to provide accurate information,
this FAQ is not official and is based on what information is available at the time of writing.
Press Releases
Farnell:
Post-Launch FAQ by Farnell, see their attached docx file for details.
RS Components:
Post-Launch statement by RS Components
Raspberry Pi, Your Questions Answered by RS Components
Q: Couldn't this have been handled better, I couldn't get on the site to order and they sold too quickly?
Both distributors were indeed unprepared for the volume of traffic the launch generated (they were warned by the foundation before hand).
Chances are if the foundation had gone with their original plan of selling through their own shop, the situation would have been far worse, with no option of pre-order either.
The distributors only have 5,000 units each to sell, reports have estimated the registered interest/pre-orders totalling over 2 million (no official figures available yet). Even if it is half of that, it means the number of available units was less than 1% of the demand.
Q: If interest was obviously so high...why only build 10,000 units?
There is a big risk involved with building a large batch of units and selling them, and 10,000 units would take well over $250,000 in capital investment. For a very small charity, that is a massive ask in itself. Much of that funding came from the Foundation Trustees' own personal investment.
Thankfully, the massive bonus of licensing out manufacture, is that the build rate is no longer limited by the foundation's own funding, which means there will be many more units available much sooner.
Q: I've been unable to register an account with the distributor, as I am not a company?
There have been several reported problems with individuals placing orders (i.e. not having company accounts or details).
Both distributors "should" take orders from individuals, however it appears each of the different localised sites may have different requirements so this will be investigated to ensure that this is corrected if needed.
Often, many of the company related fields on application are optional, if in doubt contact their sales team for help.
Q: Worldwide launch? It was not available here!
The distributors decided to make the units only available from selected locations, it appears the foundation were not made aware of this beforehand.
Considering the small number of available units, it would have been unlikely to have improved the situation.
Worldwide availability will be monitored, it is expected that they will be made available as soon as possible.
Q: The price for the RPi from Farnell verses the price from RS Components is different, why?
Please see the following page for details about RS Components and Farnell global pricing (13 March 2012).
Q: I've only been able to register my interest, what now?
Be patient, both distributors have said they will contact people when they have more details (alternatively keep an eye on their sites for news).
RS Components, in particular have only taken people's details, and according to the above press-release will wait until they receive their allocated 5,000 units.
Q: I registered on the Raspberry Pi Site's Mailing List but I didn't get an email
Unfortunately, the mail server had problems with sending out the 100K+ emails in time, it is believed the email was often marked as spam by a lot of email systems so was rejected or returned on-mass, or sent to Junk folders. Yes, this system should have been tested, but the foundation were keen not to send unnecessary emails to people prior to launch.
The email contained the same information about the announcement as was publicly posted on the website (28th Feb 2012) before launch day, no additional or extra information was given through the email.
Q: What shipping has happened?
[2]
Licensed Manufacture
The foundation has chosen to license manufacture of the RPi, which should provide several advantages including:
1. The involvement of RS Components and Premier Farnell means that build volume can be increased much, much faster than would have been possible otherwise. Due to costs and working capital, the foundation would have been limited to batches of only 10k Raspberry Pis; the Raspberry Pi will now be being built to match demand.
2. Both Premier Farnell and RS Components have worldwide distribution networks, so wherever you are in the world, you will be able to buy from a local distributor. It’s a much better way for you to buy than getting them all shipped from the Foundation in the UK.
3. Both RS Components and Premier Farnell will be taking preorders, something which the foundation would otherwise be unable to do.
4. The foundation will still receive a percentage from the sale of every RPi sold, which will be put straight back into the charity.
5. Primarily, by removing the focus on dealing with manufacture, distribution and sales, this frees up the limited resources of the foundation to focus on the original aims and goals of the project.
Additional detail is available in the video interview between Eben Upton and SlashDot here (28/02/12).
What You Get In The Box
This is unconfirmed until units start to ship:
1. Pre-Assembled Raspberry Pi board
2. Quick Start Guide (likely to be paper copy of RPi Model-AB Guide)
Note:
1. The board will be supplied assembled (since most of the components are not suitable for home builds, including the BGA[1]package mounted SoC[2] and PoP[3] memory).
2. The board will NOT have GPIO or JTAG header pins (are not supplied, although may be available from the shop later on).
3. The board will NOT have CSI and DSI connectors fitted (needs confirmation).
4. All other connectors will be assembled in place.
Accessories
Some accessories will be made available from the shop (farnell have several bundles planned):
• USB Power Supply (UK/EU/US Compatible)[4]
• Pre-Prepared System SD-Card (software will be provided to prepare your own) -size is unconfirmed
• Cases (will be available in a few months - i.e. Q2 2012)
• AddOn/Expansion Boards (will be available later on - i.e. GertBoard due soon)
See Typical Hardware You Will Need for details about other items you may require.
Price
Although the foundation is UK based, the guide price of the units are in USD since the RPi components are sourced in USD$.
The price is $25USD (~£16GBP) for model A, and $35USD (~£23GBP) for model B.
Items will be subject to local Tax (i.e. UK will have 20% VAT added) and shipping cost is not included.
See the following update on RS Components and Farnell global pricing (13th March 2012).
Clones & Copies
The foundation plans to release all the required schematics and plans to reproduce the RPi hardware, so clones and copies will be welcome.
However, since the unit is built around the Broadcom SoC, the interested party will require suitable sized orders to obtain them. The foundation were fortunate enough to be supported in this aspect by Broadcom to enable the project to be feasible.
References
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_grid_array
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_on_a_chip
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Package_on_package
4. http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/is-the-raspberrypi-going-to-be-sold-as-a-kit/#p32289
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RichardB's notes from the seminar
From eLinux.org
Revision as of 12:12, 23 January 2009 by Richardb (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
Texas Instruments & ARM: OMAP Seminar - 21 Jan. 09 – ARM, Cambridge, UK
Cortex A8 Core– Bryan Lawrence – ARM
• Cortex A8 Core is the design. OMAP is the physical implementation of this design by TI
• Cortex A8 is based on V7-A instruction-set architecture and includes:
• NEON advanced SIMD (multimedia accelerator – integer and floating-point SIMD (single-instruction multiple-data)
• Jazelle-RCT (Java accelerator)
• TrustZone security foundation (effectively virtualisation of the core)
• Particularly aimed at applications (rather than real-time or ‘deeply’ embedded)
• A8 Processor Core (design) can run up too 1GHz +, c. 2000 DMIPS, depending on silicon
• MMU for OS virtual memory management
• Thumb-2 allows 16 & 32-bit instructions. Allows efficient, but small (compressed) code size if required
• Dependant on the compiler t**produce better ‘code density’
• Thumb-2, for e.g., gives a 29% reduction in Linux kernel size. E.g.: http://www.arm.com/products/os/linux.html
• CoreSight; non-invasive real-time trace for debugging
• JTAG port
• Debug access port (DAP)
• Embedded Trace Macrocell (ETM) – captures instruction and data
NEON SIMD – Ashley Stevens – ARM
• Flexible, generic multimedia acceleration
• High-power consumption than dedicated hardware but supports emerging standards
• Hybrid 64/128-bit SIMD architecture
• Supports up too 64-bit integers, single-precision floating-point
• Adds additional registers
• Variety of ways to use: assembler , C Intrinsics, through too OpenMAX DL library (recommended), Vectorizing compilers (generates NEON SIMD instructions)
• Provides, for e.g., faster FFT’s
• Armcc vs gcc : armcc produces more compact, faster code.
• Lots of NEON-optimised codecs available
OMAP35x Processor Overview – Chris Bowers – Snr Field Applications Engineer – TI
• TI have a range of microcontrollers through t**Application processors & DSP
• OMAP tends t**be seen in things like digital signage, POS terminals, portable infotainment etc (Lower power, high performance); “Laptop-like performance”
• Up t**1200 Dhrystone MIPS
• ARCHOS7 Internet Media Table built on OMAP3
• TI are “nicely surprised” by things like BeagleBoard
• Has a DSP (in addition t**NEON) for vide**processing, up t**HD
• DSP is generic; not limited t**video/audi**processing
• Peripheral connectivity (USB, MMC, Serial , USB etc.)
• OMAP35 models:
• 3503 - ARM Cortex A8, Peripherals
• 3515 - ARM Cortex A8, Peripherals, PowerVR SGX (OpenGL ES) graphics engine
• 3525 - ARM Cortex A8, Peripherals, C64x DSP & video accelerator
• 3530 - ARM Cortex A8, Peripherals, PowerVR SGX (OpenGL ES) graphics engine, DSP & video accelerator
• Camera interface
• Auto-focus engine
• CCD & CMOS imager interface
• Preview engine etc.
• Display subsystem
• (24-bit RGB up to 1024x768 HD, 2 x 10-bit DAC’s; rotation, image resizing)
• Overlay, scaling, picture-in-picture
• Also discussed TI DaVinci platform: video-centric, based an ARM9, has some overlap with OMAP
• OMAP35x has power-management module. (PRCM), active and static (standby) modes of consumption
• Can reduce core voltage and frequency
• Various major components can be turned on/off as required – “power domains”
• Various complete boards available:
• OMAP35x evaluation module (EVM); OMAP 3530 plus touchscreen, RAM & NAND flash, Ethernet etc.
• BeagleBoard
• Gumstix Overo(tiny)
• LogicPD
• Analog & Micro
Understanding 2D/3D Graphics Dev using OMAP 35x - Jason Brand – Fields Apps Engineer – TI
• Lots of uses/major apps;
• Scalable UI’s , navigation, Games, Visualisations, Automotive
• OMAP 35x has NEON vector floating-point processor (VFP) +
• PowerVR SGX (graphics engine):
• Tile-based architecture
• Universal Scalable Shader Engine (USSE)
• Support for: OpenGL ES (Embedded Standard) 1.1 and 2.0, OpenVG 1.0 (t**accelerate Adobe Flash and SVG Tiny (Scalable Vector Graphics) and UI’s built on these)
• ~10M polygons/second, ~0.9 GFLOPS
• OpenGL ES is a well-defined subset of desktop OpenGL
• (lots of details on SGX engine)
• OpenGL ES support seems powerful
• Graphics SDK is available from TI; tools, headers, libs, demos etc
• IVA 2.2 – Image, Video, Audio subsystem- C64x DSP core:
• 32-bit fiex-point media processor
• Video & image accelerator
• TI supply compiler tools to optimize for this hardware
ARM Software Development Tools – Elan Lennard – System Design Division – ARM
• “Enabling all developers to get the best from their ARM-based system”
• Quality, high-performance s/w
• Tools: Compilation, Optimization, Middleware, Device Support, verification & debug, Fast simulation
• RealiVew Development Suite:
• Co-developed and validated with ARM processor IP; best code
• Extensive support for CoreSight (debug tech)
• Supports all ARM processors
• Std and Pro editions. ***Pro includes NEON compiler, RealView profiler, fast simulator (RTSM), ICE
• Automatic optimisation; data from profiler feeds back int**compiler == some perf improvement (c. 6%) and 40% (ish) code side reduction.
• Loop unrolling (where appropriate)
• Code reordering
• Link-time compilation; allows optimizations across source files, 5% size reduction, 5% perf improvement
• ARM compiler vs. GCC: ARM is 30% faster, 43% smaller. (similar when using Thumb code)
• NEON Vectorizing compiler; up t**400% (4x) performance improvement on a particular vide**decoder, compared t**regular ARM compiler
• ARM Workbench IDE – based on Eclipse 3.3
• ARM Eclipse plugins; ARM profiler, Flash programmer, ARM Linux project wizard etc. etc.
• Only really useful if RealView is used
• ARM Profiler:
• “Get the best out of ARM processors”
• Performance and code coverage analysis; detailed analysis of performance/usage, call-chain analysis
• Traces can be logged and replayed
• Completely non-intrusive; analyse running system/application
• Good e.g. show one instruction using 27% of application time
• RealView ICE and Trace,
• Hardware trace/debugger
Tool Chain Overview – Chris Bower – TI
• TI Code Composer Toolset
• DSPBIOS, low level ARM debug, DSP development and debug
• Montavista (for DaVinci)
• Linux-based, licensed through TI.
• Linux app development, Eclipse-based IDE
• Green Hills
• Integrity Linux based, MULTI debug environment for DSP and ARM. Application too
• Code Sourcery
• Linux (and Windows) – GNU Toolchain. For building Linux apps
• Eclipse-based for Pers and Pr**editions
• MPC
• WinCE
• Microsoft Platform Builder
• The choice for Windows CE etc. development
• Lauterbach TRACE32
• Low-level debug of ARM & DSP
OMAP3 OS Support – Jason Brand – TI
• Fundamentally this is Linux or Windows CE.
• TI issue a Linux 2.6.22 kernel, includes lots of device drivers, EVM drivers, on top of which:
• There is also DSPBIOS – scheduler, resource manager for DSP.
• Als**layers on top of these; codec interfaces, algorithm abstraction, Open VG, OpenGL ES, audio/vide**(GStreamer) etc.
• Windows CE 6.0 can als**function as the ‘underlying’ OS, some of the higher layers are different
• OMAP353 - SDK Beta SDK:
• Board boot, test, & flash utils
• Platform support:
• U-boot Linux boot-load and flashing
• Linux kernel with drivers
• Root fs
• Dem**apps
• Image viewer
• DaVinci I/F dump
• Code Sourcery tools
• X-Loader
• Small user boot-loader t**boot from on-board flash
• Must be signed before use
• U-Boot
• The next-stage boot-loader
• Flexible open-source utility for boot-loading Linux
• Capable of reading kernel image from flash, Ethernet TFTP, and ?
• ITBOK (is the board ok)
• Based on u-boot
• Basic H/W functionality tests
• OMAP35x WinCE Support:
• TI seeing 40% WinCE vs 60% Linux
• MS suggest that total cost of development is cheaper , and to-market faster than with Linux
• BSQUARE’s WinCE 6.0 R2 BSP (board support package) Demo and Source is free with OMAP EVM
• Visual Tools plugin
• WinCE R2 Pro compiled with Visual Tools
• Various codecs, DirectShow filters etc. for a/v
• Production Tested (two full QA passes)
• 100% CETK passed
• Adobe Flash Lite 3 port available for WinCE R2 BSP – OMAP35x EVM
Power for OMAP35x Processors – Miriam Corder – TI
• Max power consumption is 360mW
• With dynamic voltage/freq scaling – averaging <100mW
• External power-management chips available (“analog companion “)
• Includes audi**codec, RTC, USB OTG transceiver, battery charger etc.
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Sunday, April 25, 2010
In the market for a new camcorder
I got my eye on the Flip camera and decided to check out some of the models at a local Best Buy. The cheapest models is between $150 to $200 and at my rate of wages it seems like the most difficult amount for me to get off of if it was something I wanted.
The main reason that I want one is for something that I can use to shoot video on the go. It would be easier to use than a MiniDV camera which is what I currently own now. At least my time won't be wasted by having to load the camera with a tape before I can press record. At least this camera could fit in a pocket at least if I want to conceal it.
Another reason is that this type of camera is less intimidating that a regular video camera. I Googled and article to find that reason. Really this is key if you were a TV journalist and you're carrying around large expensive TV cameras. However I think this is key even for people who like to record video on the go and find that someone may have a problem with them shooting a video.
For right now at least I'm a long way from making a decision. When that purchase is made, expect the news to be posted here and
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Shreffler:Cisplatin Allergen
From OpenWetWare
(Difference between revisions)
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(Procedure)
(Procedure)
Line 41: Line 41:
#*N: Cisplatin 4 (0.001X)
#*N: Cisplatin 4 (0.001X)
#*O: Cisplatin 5 (0.0001X)
#*O: Cisplatin 5 (0.0001X)
-
# Prepare Basophil medium (BM) as follows (set aside for step 10):
+
# Prepare RPMI w/IL-3 as follows (set aside for step 10):
-
#* Add 4 μL of IL-3 into 2.0 mL of warm RPMI (use 5 mL PP tube). '''Vortex'''
+
#* Add 4 μL of aliquot IL-3 (10 µL/mL) into 2.0 mL of warm RPMI in 5 mL PP tube. Mix well by inverting or vortex
-
# Add 270 μL of warm BM to the following stimulants: anti-IgE and fMLP, Drug 1.
+
# Add 270 μL of warm RPMI IL-3 to the following stimulants: anti-IgE and fMLP, Drug 1.
# Prepare 10-fold serial dilutions of the Drug 1 stimulant as follows:
# Prepare 10-fold serial dilutions of the Drug 1 stimulant as follows:
#* Add 270 μL of prepared Basophil medium to Drug 1 stimulant. '''Vortex'''
#* Add 270 μL of prepared Basophil medium to Drug 1 stimulant. '''Vortex'''
Revision as of 18:37, 6 December 2010
Contents
Overview
Basophil activation in unfractionated samples such as PBMC (note basophils are less dense than Ficoll) or whole blood can be measured by changes in the expression of cell surface markers or even intracellular events (e.g. phosphorylation, oxidative burst, calcium flux) by flow cytometry. Separate markers (e.g. as CD123+ HLA-DR-) are used to specifically identify basophils in addition to those used for assessment of activation.
This protocol is specifically for our collaboration with Aleena Banerji in Allergy Associates and Oncology.
Materials
• RPMI medium (cellgro, 10-040-CV; store at 4°C in dark)
• IL-3 (R&D) 2 μg/mL (stock aliquots are 10 μg/mL)
• 1 X FACS lysing solution (made from 10X stock with dH2O; store at 4°C; expires in 1 month)
• Staining Buffer (PBS + 2 mM EDTA + 0.5% BSA) (sterile filter, store at 4°C; aliquot in hood; expires in 2 months)
• monoclonal antibodies (e.g. CD63-FITC, CD203c-PE, CD123 PE-Cy5, HLA DR-PE-Cy7)
• stimulant aliquots (pre-made, 30 μL aliquots, distributed by Shreffler Lab; stored at -80°C)
• 5 mL round bottom polypropylene tubes (Falcon)
• 1.5 mL eppendorf tubes
• 15 and 50 mL conical tubes
• pipettes and tips
• serological pipettes (5, 10, 25)
• Platin drug (20X concentration)
Procedure
1. Obtain whole blood specimens collected in sodium heparin tube (green top). Keep at RT until use (within 16 hours).
2. Remove pre-made stimulants (fMLP, Drug, Anti-IgE) from freezer and let thaw.
3. Place 5 mL RPMI in water bath for ~5-10 minutes.
4. Prepare 15 5 mL PP tubes for conditions (A-O):
• A: Unstained
• B: RPMI
• C: IL-3
• D: fMLP
• E: Anti-IgE
• F: Carboplatin 1 (1X)
• G: Carboplatin 2 (0.1X)
• H: Carboplatin 3 (0.01X)
• I: Carboplatin 4 (0.001X)
• J: Carboplatin 5 (0.0001X)
• K: Cisplatin 1 (1X)
• L: Cisplatin 2 (0.1X)
• M: Cisplatin 3 (0.01X)
• N: Cisplatin 4 (0.001X)
• O: Cisplatin 5 (0.0001X)
5. Prepare RPMI w/IL-3 as follows (set aside for step 10):
• Add 4 μL of aliquot IL-3 (10 µL/mL) into 2.0 mL of warm RPMI in 5 mL PP tube. Mix well by inverting or vortex
6. Add 270 μL of warm RPMI IL-3 to the following stimulants: anti-IgE and fMLP, Drug 1.
7. Prepare 10-fold serial dilutions of the Drug 1 stimulant as follows:
• Add 270 μL of prepared Basophil medium to Drug 1 stimulant. Vortex
• Transfer 270 μL of the Basophil medium prepared above to each of the eppendorf tubes labeled Drug 2-5.
• Transfer 30 μL from Drug 1 stimulant into Drug 2 eppendorf, vortex. Repeat this from Drug 2 eppendorf into Drug 3 eppendorf
• Continue making 10-fold dilutions in the same manner until all four Drug dilutions have been prepared (Drug 2 –Drug 5). Vortex after each dilution.
8. Transfer 250 μL of warm RPMI into tubes A and B.
9. Transfer 250 μL from each of the prepared stimulants above, to the corresponding PP tubes (drug allergen for tube 'G'; basophil medium for tube 'C', etc.).
10. Gently mix blood by inverting green top tube 4 times.
11. IN THE HOOD, add 250 μL of patient blood to all eleven tubes.
12. Incubate tubes for 20 minutes in 37°C incubator (5% CO2). Do not shake tubes!
13. While incubating, prepare the antibody cocktail and store in 4°C refrigerator until you are ready to use it:
• To 900 uL staining buffer, add 90 μL each of:
• CD63
• CD203c
• CD123
and 12 μL of:
• HLA-DR
Vortex
14. After the 20 minutes of incubation, remove the samples.
15. Put samples on ice.
16. Add 110 μL of antibody cocktail to tubes B -> K (DO NOT ADD TO A!).
17. Gently mix cell suspension with mAb cocktail by flicking tube with finger or using #3 setting on vortex.
18. Incubate for 20 min at 4°C. Protect from light.
19. Add 2 mL staining buffer.
20. Invert tubes 3X to mix
21. Centrifuge for 5 minutes at 300g, RT
22. Aspirate supernatant, taking care not to disturb cell pellet.
23. Add 3 mL of 1x FACS lysing solution one tube at a time, recap and invert repeatedly until pellet is fully resuspended.
24. Place tubes in the dark for 15 minutes or overnight in the refrigerator.
25. Top off tube with staining buffer
26. Centrifuge for 5 minutes at 800g, RT.
27. Decant supernatant (do not double dump).
28. Resuspend pellet in 50 μL staining buffer.
29. Aquire
Discussion
discuss this protocol
References
1. Hennersdorf F, Florian S, Jakob A, Baumgärtner K, Sonneck K, Nordheim A, Biedermann T, Valent P, and Bühring HJ. . pmid:15916720. PubMed HubMed [Hennersdorf]
2. Knol EF, Mul FP, Jansen H, Calafat J, and Roos D. . pmid:1716273. PubMed HubMed [Knol]
3. Shreffler WG. . pmid:16670519. PubMed HubMed [Shreffler]
All Medline abstracts: PubMed HubMed
Contact
Personal tools
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Smolke:Holiday
From OpenWetWare
Revision as of 19:48, 13 December 2012 by Despaux (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
Home Contact Internal Protocols Lab Members Publications Research
Contents
When
• Date
• December 14: CDS+DE, SG+1,BT, PJ+1,MHM, JLA, JV, (AC), MO+1, TS, RB+1, KW+1, DK, IJT, EH+1.75
• 5:30 pm
• Alternative Date
• December 12: CDS+DE,BT, PJ+1, MHM, JV, MS, MO+1, TS, RB+1, DK, IJT, EH+1.75
Where
• The Endy-Smolke Residence
RSVP
CAN ATTEND
CDS+DE, SG+1,BT+1, PJ+1,MHM, JLA, JV, (AC), MO+1, TS, RB+1, KYW+0.5, DK, IJT+MGG, EH+1.75, MP+1, LdE+1, JB (+2), LK, YHW
CANNOT ATTEND
KT, MS, MM
SOs are welcome, so please indicate any +1s
Food
Potluck! Here is the general distribution of things we need. Sign up for what you'd like to buy or make. Please bring enough for roughly 10-15 people.
To buy:
• Drinks, both alcoholic and non. (2 people): DK, RB, wine (BT)
• Appetizers (1 person): TS
• Fruits (as snack, dessert or appetizer; 1 person): AC
To make:
• Entrees (5 people): Chimichurri-style meatballs (PJ), Chicken curry with cashews (LK), Chicken (KYW)
• Sides (5 people): broccoli salad (MHM), salad w/tofu (JLA), IJT, lumpia (+1), roasted vegetables (Leo)
• Dessert (3 people): something baked & chocolate (SG), cracker brittle (JV), something vegan and probably gluten-free (MO), Peppermint bark (MP)
CDS and DE: hot choc w/ marshmallows (GF), mulled cider (GF/vegan), green beans (vegan/GF), polenta (GF), macaroni & cheese, meatloaf, cheese and bread
Entertainment
The Resistance
Apples to Apples
that bean trading game
Wii?
Cranium!
Euchre
Personal tools
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v0
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2024-06-03T21:29:47.544Z
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2013-05-18T07:54:43.000Z
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zk74z4rgr3kfbop2ccshd4f5xjyqca5e
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"warc_url": "http://quotationsbook.com/quote/23350/"
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cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
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Quotation added by staff
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There are a terrible lot of lies going about the world, and the worst of it is that half of them are true. Churchill, Winston
This quote is about lies and lying · Search on Google Books to find all references and sources for this quotation.
A bit about Churchill, Winston ...
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill KG OM CH TD FRS PC PC (Can) (30 November 1874 - 24 January 1965) was an English statesman and author, best known as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. Well-known as an orator, strategist, and politician, Churchill was one of the most important leaders in modern British and world history. He won the 1953 Nobel Prize in Literature for his many books on English and world history. Sir Winston Churchill was voted the greatest-ever Briton in the 2002 BBC poll the 100 Greatest Britons.
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v0
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2024-06-03T21:29:47.544Z
|
2013-05-18T04:46:39.000Z
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cl66eu4277qcxajtzzqc3fhlhcmn2v3y
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{
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"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:20479",
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"warc_url": "http://quotationsbook.com/quote/31117/"
}
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Quotation added by staff
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...her.
NORA [aghast]. Is it me call on Doolan's wife!
BROADBENT. Yes, of course: call on all their wives. We must get a copy of the register and a supply of canvassing cards. No use calling on people who haven't votes. You'll be a great success as a canvasser, Nora: they call you the heiress; and they'll be flattered no end by your calling, especially as you've never cheapened yourself by speaking to them before--have you?
NORA [indignantly]. Not likely, indeed.
BROADBENT. Well,
We mustn't be stiff and stand-off, you know. We must be thoroughly democratic, and patronize everybody without distinction of class. I tell you I'm a jolly lucky man, Nora Cryna. I get engaged to the most delightful woman in Ireland; and it turns out that I couldn't have done a smarter stroke of electioneering.
NORA. An would you let me demean meself like that, just to get yourself into parliament?
BROADBENT [buoyantly]. Aha! Wait till you find out what an exciting game electioneering is: you'll be mad to get me in. Besides, you'd like people to say that Tom Broadbent's wife had been the making of him--that she...
Shaw, George Bernard
This quote is about politics · Search on Google Books to find all references and sources for this quotation.
A bit about Shaw, George Bernard ...
George Bernard Shaw (July 26, 1856 November 2, 1950) was an Irish playwright and winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1925.
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2024-06-03T21:29:47.544Z
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2013-05-18T06:10:55.000Z
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bv53jyeqqc2sznotpnyuon4gozpfw2nb
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:20480",
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"warc_url": "http://quotationsbook.com/quote/35627/"
}
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When you are through improving yourself, you are out of the game. You learn until your last breath. Nelson, Richard A.
This quote is about self-improvement · Search on Google Books to find all references and sources for this quotation.
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We don't have a biography.
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v0
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2024-06-03T21:29:47.544Z
|
2013-05-18T04:46:08.000Z
|
jr7g2nwiomy4gnxd2adlbzaq2rv4qw2x
|
{
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"warc_url": "http://quotationsbook.com/quote/gift/20578/"
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It's easy! Just pick the product you like and click-through to buy it from trusted partners of Quotations Book. We hope you like these personalized gifts as much as we do.
Make and then buy your OWN fantastic personalized gift from this quote
All things by immortal power. Near of far, to each other linked are, that thou canst not stir a flower without troubling of a star. Thompson, Francis
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212 - The Extra Degree
The one extra degree makes the difference. This simple analogy reflects the ultimate definition of excellence. Because it's the one extra degree of effort, in business and life, that can separate the good from the great. This powerful book by S.L. Parker and Mac Anderson gives great examples, great quotes and great stories to illustrate the 212° concept. A warning - once you read it, it will be hard to forget. Your company will have a target for everything you do ... 212°
Click here to buy this »
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v0
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2024-06-03T21:29:47.544Z
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2013-05-18T04:45:49.000Z
|
4zkri66fpm22yprhuqlgvwuuncz3h3js
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:20482",
"uncompressed_offset": 213030109,
"url": "quotationsbook.com/quote/gift/25942/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T14:51:28.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:3bf80ea7-5b6a-4f16-85be-5858fab1588a>",
"warc_url": "http://quotationsbook.com/quote/gift/25942/"
}
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It's easy! Just pick the product you like and click-through to buy it from trusted partners of Quotations Book. We hope you like these personalized gifts as much as we do.
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Memory is the thing you forget with. Chase, Alexander
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212 - The Extra Degree
The one extra degree makes the difference. This simple analogy reflects the ultimate definition of excellence. Because it's the one extra degree of effort, in business and life, that can separate the good from the great. This powerful book by S.L. Parker and Mac Anderson gives great examples, great quotes and great stories to illustrate the 212° concept. A warning - once you read it, it will be hard to forget. Your company will have a target for everything you do ... 212°
Click here to buy this »
|
v0
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2024-06-03T21:29:47.544Z
|
2013-05-18T06:36:04.000Z
|
3rzmadzntjfbrm6n5ofhfvunxzmchv5h
|
{
"content_type": "text/html",
"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:20483",
"uncompressed_offset": 213035593,
"url": "quotationsbook.com/quote/gift/8772/",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T14:51:28.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:3bf80ea7-5b6a-4f16-85be-5858fab1588a>",
"warc_url": "http://quotationsbook.com/quote/gift/8772/"
}
|
cccc_CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
It's easy! Just pick the product you like and click-through to buy it from trusted partners of Quotations Book. We hope you like these personalized gifts as much as we do.
Make and then buy your OWN fantastic personalized gift from this quote
Real courage is when you know you're licked before you begin, but you begin anyway and see it through no matter what. Lee, Harper
Make a fabulous personalised bracelet or other form of jewellery with this quote
Click the banner below to pick the kind of jewellery you'd like ...
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Make a custom wrapped canvas ...
Make custom holiday cards ...
Make custom t-shirts ...
Make custom holiday gifts for boys ...
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A selection of more great products and gifts!
212 - The Extra Degree
The one extra degree makes the difference. This simple analogy reflects the ultimate definition of excellence. Because it's the one extra degree of effort, in business and life, that can separate the good from the great. This powerful book by S.L. Parker and Mac Anderson gives great examples, great quotes and great stories to illustrate the 212° concept. A warning - once you read it, it will be hard to forget. Your company will have a target for everything you do ... 212°
Click here to buy this »
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